r-H*. • .v' y M fO-«%««V 'tM&i '*-i!nj^vfJ. :f.&'">:-^ * 'A' .■i?A ■i-f'! if *>' > *« ' V. ' »•, ' 'i-f* mf.if J. ' ' mt .-iv^I'- w,;*'* ..^:ii^4>^''?i^' '■»,;<>?*'• ''gr .i^^iS . .egSS * Penn State University Libraries University Park, PA 16802-1805 USAIN STATE AND LOCAL LITERATURE PRESERVATION PROJECT: PENNSYLVANIA Pattee Library Funded by the NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE HUMANITIES Reproductions may not be made without permission from The Peniisvlvania State I iiiversil\ I ibraiie COPYRIGHT STATEMENT The copyright law of the United States - Title 17, United States Code - concerns the making of photocopies or other reoroductions of coovriohted material. Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that the photocopy or other reproduction is not to be "used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research." If a user makes a request for, or later uses, a photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excess of "fair use," that user may be liable for copyright infringement. This institution reserves the right to refuse to accept a copy order if, in its judgement, fulfillment of the order would involve violation of the copyright law. Master Negative -»Mi-iii.iiiif»|MW>iui JL Ik I I Lui idiiJtj iMLiiTiin^r* SNPaAg086 CONTENTS OF REEL 86 1 ) The Pennsylvania farm journal, v. 1 ■^WWlDiMliiiuii^ I ■Jni»ir' II m m 2) The Pennsylvania farm journal, v. 2 MNS# PSt SNPaAg086.2 3) The Pennsylvania farm journal, v. 3 MNS# PSt SNPaAg086.3 Title: The Pennsylvania farm journal, v. 1 Place of Publication: Lancaster, Pa. Copyright Date: 1851 Master Negative Storage Number: MNS# PSt SNPaAg086.1 •■t:1^^Ti^i < M ■rt.hv.n' tV!l>^<^ '■'iMMm:. , .» ■ ' ..si ', '•.".-j^fiJ! <2086554> ' 'OCLC* Form:senal 2 InputHHS Edit:FMD 008 ENT: 980416 TYP: d DT1: 1851 DT2: 1855 PRE: m LAN: eng 035 (OCoLC)08864618 037 PSt SNPaAg00086. 1-00087.3 $bPreservation Office, The Pennsylvania State University, Pattee Library, University Park, PA 16802-1805 090 00 SI $b.F3 $cpYPX $s+U2V1 0X1 853+U3X1 853- U4V1 XI 854+U4V4X1 854+U4V9X1 854+U4V1 2X1 854- U5V1 XI 855+U5V3X1 855+U5V5X1 855- U5V6X1 855+U5V8X1 855+U5V1 0X1 855-U5V1 1 X1 855 090 10 630.5 $bF21 $crbPX $s+U1X1851-U5X1855 090 20 Microfilm D344 reel 86.1-87.3 $l+v.+(date) $cmc+(service copy, print n^iaster, archival master) $s+U1(1851)-U5(1855) 245 04 The Pennsylvania farm journal. 246 17 Farm journal 260 Lancaster, Pa. $bA.M. Spangler $c1 851-1 855 • • * I ouu vj V. vpuiii. *pv^itiu cm. 310 Monthly. 362 0 Vol. 1, no. 1 (Apr. 1851)"V. 5, no. 12 (Dec. 1855). 500 "Devoted to horticulture, agriculture, and rural economy." 500 Imprint varies 515 Two issues published in Oct., Nov., and Dec. 1853 533 Microfilm $mv.1 (1851)-v.5 (1855) $bUniversity Park, Pa. : $cPennsylvania State University $d1998 $e2 microfilm reels ; 35 mm. $f(USAIN state and local literature preservation project. Pennsylvania.) $f(Pennsylvania agricultural literature on microfilm) Archival master stored at National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD : print master stored at remote facility This item is temporarily out of the library during the filming process. If you wish to be notified when it returns, please fill out a Personal Reserve slip. The slips are available in the Rare Books Room, in the Microforms Room, and at the Circulation Desk 650 0 Agriculture $xPeriodicals. 650 0 Gardening $xPeriodicals. 650 0 Fruit-culture $xPeriodicals. 785 00 $tFarm journal and progressive farmer 830 0 USAIN state and local literature preservation project $pPennsylvania 830 0 Pennsylvania agricultural literature on microfilm 590 590 .-'Xry'Uii^iMii ....<,E- Microfilmed By P.hallpnnif_*'' • m-: ,*/"?#? *3 MAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (QA-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 ill 2.8 2.5 : i32 2.2 i:. 1 3 6 1- , 40 2.0 1.8 1.4 _ 1.6 1 50mm // ^PPLIED^ IIVMGE . Inc ^^= 1653 East Mam Street - Rochester, NY 14609 USA ^=r,Z= Phone 716/482-0300 -= Fax. 716/288 5989 © 1993. Applied Image. Inc , All Rights Reserved & * ■- - ' ^-:p: % IV yi l¥l TIGHTLY BOUND BOOK V KJ\ I I ^' : . ''"fr FT-T™!! r7\ i^ '^ • Z/^**" PENNSYLVANIA FARM JOURNAL, DEVOTED TO Agriculture, Horticulture & Rural Economy. S. S. HALDEMAN, EDITOR. w^ Afl ; 1 \ VOLUME I. « » > < • A» M LANCASTER, TA. • • SPANGLER, Pi BLisHER w, B. wniy, I ni WTf B P 1 .H.>'> 4rb3^ < 'A- A»* . . '^ ';v"'»,-ie' '^Li^ W V. fc-,*i>r''',-^!^ '■'%#r»'-i^pf ■»^,„ ^.y-'m|y -»^ <#*'^\\ I • • • ( < « 4 ■ • • • • • • t • • • « • » • • •• • • * , * .* . . « - . • •• * • . • • • • t=. • t . • • ft • { ' V • • ^ INDEX TO VOL I. Acknowle(l;;monts, 91, 121, 217 Address, Editor's, 1 " Hi til A S!fO\'onu/\n'u ^~\(\ A,-ricuItunil education, 4:5, G*J, 202, 20:^., 325, 332 chemist of IMaryhind, 42 Chemistry, KU, 1D5, 225, 207, 300, 320, 3()0 Fairs, 102, 153, 1S2, 230, 217, 241, 317 Colh';:*', IvLisseH's ]>rnjcet, l<'7 Journals, 3 i5ocieties, 21, 45, si;. li>3, 152, 100, 181, 24l,315,'340 Society of Pa. S, 55, 217, 258, 285, 315, Banquet, the, 240, 278 Brown's fumigat(»r,28t) Birds and insects, 272 Boues l>issolved, 358 tt « it « C 5 Nuisances, 172, 200, 237, 273, 310, 328, 350 Agriculture and Geology, 9, 58, 193 " in Pennsylvania, 103, 231 A habit of observation essential in farming, 235 Articles exliibitcd at State Fair, 258, 281, 313 Absence of the editor, 285 Apple pumice, &c. 302 Asparagus, 347 Ashes of anthracite coal, 75 Attention to young cattle, 123 Arboretum, the, 238 Ai(h'rnevs, 24t,) Agents at State Fair, 217 American Association, 225 Animal heat, &c., 108 A word to Crows ;iii Crioceris Tnlinrata, Crops in Pennsylvania, 122 Circular, 123 Cicad%8eptendecim, 89, 90. 108, 131 Corresp(mdents, to 99, l,".!, 193, 247, 348 (^icumln'r bug, l"t>, 135, 305 (/ure for murrain, l."')0 Cultivation of tlowwrs, l.';9 Cows failing in milk, 147 Constitutioi^ Pennsylvania Ag. Society, 150 Corn crop, 183 Club subscribers, 180 Correction, 203 (^lulitloTers, 208 Cows, 233, " advantage of keeping good ones, 237 Central Kail Ivoad Company, 243 Calomel for Chickens, 277 Change of sei>d, 295 (^)rn vs. Wheat, 298 (^>rn fxhl'T. liow to cure, 307 ('ranberry, culture of, 344, ;>49 Corn ])lanting, an old farmer's methoct«'rioration of suiln, 2(>2 Bee, organization of 72 " moth, 171 hiving,!// Hirds, destruction of, 82 Book notices, 59-t;i, 87, 154, 219, 252,2^5,318,350, | Dorking f^vvls, 5.; Brevity, 122 Dclav, o'"» I'ii'I ling material, 99 Deep plowing, 68.229 '•'iriis, r(;m(niy tor, 45 i>!ue rose, 152 i' I m horses, 175 ^•^#1^ Domestic Economy, >l, 155 Drills, 92, 152 Dwarf Pear Trees, 114, 140, 178 niyj W''. . jT , TV INDEX. Delaware county, 123 Drought, 212 Draining, 326 E Entomology, 33, 05, 07, 129, 165, 348 " Dr. Brinckle's essay on, 338, 366 Enclosing receipts, 56 Experimental funning, 41 Evergreen trees uinl shrubs, 141, 200, 314 Encouragomont, o5 Enamelled Diilk pans, 182 Education of farmer's daughters, 102, 199 Kn«{uirieH and answers, 218 Eastern Virginia, 220 Evening walk in -June, 115 Enterprise of English & American farmers, 121 Experiments, 345 Infect of Frost on Peach Trees, 371 l-vcrgrecns of our Capitol, 372 Farmers! write for the Journal, 50 Farmers' Clubs, 67, 105 Farmer's sons and the learned professions, 74 Farming in California, 85 Female industry, 85 Fruits of Lancaster county, 1 1*3 Fine wool,149 Franklin Marshall College, 162 Fruit stealing, 184, 205 Food for the raspber -y, 209 Fruit and ornamontal trees, 217 Farmers wh') have nothing to .'> Fowls, nianagonuMit of 341 Fruits, the circle oi, o4»*> Fencing, cost of, &c. -Uil Flax plant, 344 FowIh, inipnA.'d 282,312,313 # Fanning Mills, 349 Fowls, the (luinca, iiO.") Fruit and Fruit Trees, protection by law, 375 n (lood and bad vinegar, 130 Guano, 122, 14;i, 10;;, 2ll'>, 320 Good fanning ini])loments,l51 Gen. Hand plums, 179 Grain market, 216 Georgia white wheat, 210 (i.M-mination of clover seed, 270 ( i(^(\sc, China 70 Jircuicn, 79 Galloway ox, 112 Guano vs. lime, 310 Gooseberry, 346 Generous offer, 149 Gua.no, Kentish's artificial 153 " M > How to double the circulation of Farm Journul, 1 19 Harvest, the 153 Ilomoepathy, 100 How should young farmers spend their evenings, 232 Horticultural implements, 185, 213 Incorporation Penna. Ag. Society, 35 Important facts, 107 Imposition, 218 Importance of communicating facts, 299 Ink for tree labels, 309 Insects, Rtse 143 Increase of County Societies, 376 January number, 315 K Kitchen and floVer garden, 50 Kitchen garden, 83 Keep your cattle comfortable, 303 Liquid fertilizer, 136 Lime, 39, 162, 173,229,302,305 Larva3 of the locust, 112 Lecture on hair, wool, etc. 137 Lotteries, 101 Litrhtninir rods, 183 Late seeding, 230 Lougworth's sparkling Catawba, 280 Labor, dignity of 344 M Medal Penna. Horticultural Society, 35 Melon bug bane, 155 Murrain, 173, 174 iMortality among poultry, 175 Manures, &c. 194 Manuring, a word on 204 Milk and its management, 226 Mice in barns, " Make home beautiful, 279 ' Moon, influence of 308, 327, 359 Ilorticnltur;!] Societies, 52,8.'., 11."., 115, 114, 211, 21:-, 2'.it.277, ;;47 Hoof-ail in cattle, 44 Hedges, planting 71, 74 Horse-shoeing, 48 Hawthorn vs. Osage orange, 74 Horse, the structure of, &c. 77, 110, 146, 176 Hints on Domestic Economy, 85 How the postage law affects us, 120 180, , 372 N I Kotices of the press, 57, 280, ^,7 3 Notes by the wayside, 11^ Notes for September, 179 Newland's Strawberry humbug, 182 Necessity of increasing the fertility of our soils, 270 National Agricultural Bureau, ;i75 Organ of the State Society, 55 Obituary, 00 P INymologlcal remarks, 49 IVar on the quince Htock, 51 Potato rot, 57, 107, 200 Potato, the 103 Potatoes for seed, 309 " «mall vs. large, 290, 363 PatriiU:;i'*< an, .'.(''.* Pyine's Ox^gcn l/ii!;ht, 00 1 M ( . \s i u - Matches, VO, 166, 245 at the State Fair, 216 Plows, American, ** " 218 H INDEX. Plow, Hope^s improved, 184 " Jloger's Improved subsoil, 245 Poyson's Deodorizer, 91 Pruning Ladder, 119 Premiums, l.U) Pennsylvania barna, 145 Plums and the curculio, 102 !*rogress In farming, 174 Peach culture, 183 l^ears, American seedling 273 Poultry, 311 l^rotectlon for fruit trees against mice, 332 Pruning trees, 333 Plaster and stable manure, mixing of 334 Postage on Farm Journal, 285 Poudrette, application to corn fields, &c. 358 Pedigree of Rockland, 374 Philadelphia subscribers, 376 Q Quack medicines, 35 Quackery, medical, 98 K llural taste, 40 Uaspberry, how to propagate, 81, 139 Jiaspberrv, Red Antwerp 239 Pv'ply of Mr. Rumstead, 247 Renovating outcasts, 270 Kemedy for a cow that sucks herself, 102 Silk, to Iron 45 Sheep, 47, 00, ^>^, 148, 170 Shade as a fertilizer, 74 Swede turnips, 75 90 Strawberry, Newland's Alpine Scientitic farming, l.'U Should manure be immediately plowed under? 102 Strawberry plants, 185 Seedless apples, 205 Shrubs for hedges, 207, 370 'Shall we grow wheat or tobacm, 215 Stir the soil, 307 Seedling vs. budded peaches, 2^0 Select good seed, 298 Thanks, 50 Tobacco, management of 70, 153, 213 Pennsylvania, 182 Transplanting pear trees, 1^2 " fruit trees, 142 To our lady readers, l.'^l To young men who read the Farm Journal, 1^1 Terms of the Farm Journal, 180 To measure an acre of ground, 233 Temper in the familv, 238 To bone a fowl, 240" Thorough tillage, 304 Turkeys, Domestic, 304 Venango county, letter from, 30G Villa farm house, 55 Visit to West Ohester, 123 Vine, propagation of the 209, 234 \'ictoria Regia, the 210 W What a little effort will a-N'ompIIsli, 57 "What we have done, Sec. 153 Who's to blame ? In.') Wire Fence, improved 117 Wheat, spring 199 '' new varit'tv, '' eulture. 297 Ooad, 123 Wavno countv, 203 Worthy (»r imitation, 217 What will Pa. farmers do for the Farm Journal, 2>") " without the Journal, 3U8 it (( « m^-' LIST OP ILLUSTRATIONS. FRONTISPIECE— PORTRAIT OF MR. JAS. Agricultural Chemistry, 15 illustration.^, 105, 197, 19S, 26><, 209, :] (!:^ltcir'i5 ::iL)L)rc55. UiidtT tiu'so rircumstancoR, tin Afrrknihural -Jour- nal takos it stand ])(^t\voho8 iiifoniiatii'ii, and tlie on*' ulio i> <',ipaM'' <-[ >ui.j'lyin it; and it Ihtohu's a l)<>n«l ^i union ana svnipainy, forminira ]tartial r*MM>iP.p'Ti^«' Tt tin- vs-aiU of tho ac- tive int'-rr.iursr- wliirh cxi.Nls among ihu^^c <'nu^i^'''d in in.'rlianical |.urMiit<. Tlii- end is aceom]>li>lird to a great extent i-v th.' f-rniatiou ot Agricultural S..ri.> ties, "but it frequently happens thattl-" fa-ni r < mnot " It Is a creat fallacy to suppose that m hen an inilivi.l- u;!i "I'coomes the e.-^'\v pcriodi- _ .... cal devoted \o the suhjoct of A;:rleulturi> ai-i the p>avo his hrano ai ihe p. riM.l. m-Il n th-snii-vt. whil.^t c-llateral Arts and Sciences, to the farmers of I'eun- the Journal makes its re-ular NiMt^ to his <.\vn do<,r. sylvania Jind the nei.irhborin-; States, as well as to' We expeet to >levoto considerahle space to O-nr^- Others who desire to know the condition, and hecome j^om/e;(C<\ and we invite communie-.ii.ns npnn field, ;e',piainted with ihe prospeets <.f the most u.Mdnl and garden, and orchard culture, and their collateral Lxtensive liranch of American employnaent. | hramlo's. Th.o formation of societies and the ].uhlicatio,n of As soon as the n'^cos-ary arrangements can he iournals de\oted to Agriculture tend to impress the ^ made, we intend to imp.at ih..' he.^t (^tiinan, French farmer with the dignity and importance of his pro-^,,j./ Eivjli^h Pcrwdicals devoted to farming, that our fession, and places its claims to respect prominently ' readers may become aciuainted with the latl; and u'ere it 'M)Ook- firming, but a^ Tnodom agricultural litera- iH.t that they liave shown them>el\e-. r*'a.ly to ad-^pt lure end-die-^ the observatbT.. ;uel practical exj.en- improvements as they become acipniinted with them once (dMhe best farnn^rs, such obj.Hti-.ns are now (the early introduction of thrashing machines, im- ! untiuuible. Judge J. lUiel, ( uho was h^st to his coun^ proved ph.ws, and other implements being proof .f try in l-^olb) did much to advance a-rieulture by the fact] the condition of American agriculture wuuM making it a nuitter of tlie head, as well a-^ of the not have (.ccupied its prrsent fa\orable position in , hand ; ae/l hi^ - ucce.ss wa^ snrh. that besides gi\n>g Comparisun with otlev brana hes nf indu-^try. | an impuNo t- lanuinir whoh xva> folt throngb.out the From theirgenerally i<.datedp<>siti.ui,tarmer>haNe Fnion. he inereased the ^able nf his own light and but few opportunities ofc.msnUinirto-eth.'r, an. Imak- sandv firm, -wliieli c.>st in an uncultivat-d state, ■ ' ' ' i * . .. .t .A I. ». ,,,- , n,,«- ing th(-mselves acquainted with the varl.ti^ modes of culture employed in dist;int regions, whilM (ho results of !ndi\idual exporien(^ are (((nfmed i" lni:it--d dis- tricts. ( Mio hirne r may think of adopting a rotation of crops . I i tr ri n ;; from tliat to which he has been accus- thirty dollars an acre/' s-. a^ r^ he ^^,.rth '• two hun- dred dollars an acre for farming purposes." To addition to the practical results, tlie employ- ment of the reasoning powers in agriculture ekvai ^ it to the dignity of a science. It refines the mind of tomed, but fears that tho result may be unfavorable, tho cultivator, perfects his education, places him on although the experiment may have been successful, or an equal footing with the professional man, and pre- mn N have failed, in a different part of the country. i sents to his offspring a wide range in the fields of ge FARM JOURNAL. April ology, botany, chemistry, and the collateral sciences ; jar. lie does not inform us why th(i jar did not burst BO that a practical home education may to a certain i with the pressure of the gas l)efore the stopper was extent supersede one acquired abroad, and afford his! removed to let out the atmospheric air ; nor why the sons a sufficient scope for the employment of the in- tellect, without forcing them into the uncertain fields of professional or commercial life. To Correspondents. Yerlxil alterations and corrections will be made in printing communications, unless their authors desire them to appear as written, and they will be occasion- ally condensed when it can be done without altering the sense. One of our correspondents will observe tliat we have mouth of the outer jar must be closed ; and beiii^ closed, how he procured the water which he dnink. The great powxT of the machine is s;iid to dcpcii'l upon the wire of the coils being tubular, and contain- ing half a pint of water, which increases the power 10,000 times. The following assertion is cautiously made with regard to Faraday: — ^'liJiink, he says, ihat a single drop of water w^ill contain as much elec- tricity as a thunder cloud — sufficient to burst off the gable end of a house.^' Some of the newspapers In commenting upon this article have fallen into the trap, and take it for granted that Faraday did make intended for readers of all political parties, without being an advocate of the peculiar views of any. As a treneral rule wo prefn* that contributors would omitted an article in which he enters upon the ques lions discussed by our friends Skinner and Carey. — j such an assertion. He may have asserted that it rc- "W e have done so because we do not wish to encroach I (piires a great power to separate water into its coiisti- unon the special ffround of "The Plou*''h, +ho T/oom I tnonf^ whidi doos iiot liolp Mr. Paine's thoory : and and the Anvil," and because wo arc not disposed to: were the machine made as stated, the water would admit theoretical articles upon poj f^.^^^! one Geo. P. Paine, detailing some difficulties btration of the discovery. in the management of this half a ]>int of condensed According to the Paine assertion, water is not com- thunder, owiiig to the occurrence of " nine severe ex- posed of oxygon and hydrogen, but is a simple ele- \ plosions in as many months," none of which however, ment whi* h he can convert into the condition of oxy- gen or hydrc^gcn at i>leasure. 'burst out the gable end'' of the house, although in one case the hydrogen in the decomposing jar is sta- A person named G. Q. Colton, who claims eight ^^j <.(-, j^avc exploded w^ith a report like that of a six years of chemical experience, gives an explanation ! pounder. The final explosion will prot)aldy be so and figure of the apparatus used, under date of Janu ary 2d, 1851. Among other things he tasted the wa- ter in tho jar, to satisfy himself " that it was water." But a chemist of eight years standing should have tasted the water in the 'bell-glass,' and above all, that gradual that iv) one w^ill be disturbed by it except the stockholders. Obituary. We regret that we have to announce the d(\itli of in the 'tumbler,' as the former may have been acidu- the distinguished and energetic editor, John S. Skin- latcd, and the latter may have contained some sub- ner, who has been identified during a great ])art < f i stance intended to take up the oxygon through the long and useful life, with tlie agricultural improve- * positive* wire, which may have been hollow, although stated to be flat. A chemist would not have allowed the "electrode box" to pass without examination, and ho Xiiight have examined it ichen he tasted the water in the ment of the country, first in connexion with the Amer- ican Farmer, and at the time of his death with The Plough, the Loom and the Anvil. lie was at one time Postmaster of Baltimore ; and previous to commenc- IxrA, YXU^l JOURNAL. I'i-esldoiit uf the Natural History Society of Hartford, ill whose triiusactionsfor 1^30, a valuable address of his on natural history may he found. Vh'i^inia. I'his State has recentiy laKen a sicj) i.u- m .oi\aiiv • v>f Its neighbors, ]»y providing for an agricultural chemist. in. his last porindlcal lie occupied a prominent place that nourishment nvIiI. ^^hich it is constantly M.ppln- I m., rn^ i.iat i i i ^ ^^^ ^j^^^ natural ci'-nients: — tliat li-lit and heat are as in the General Post-office at Washingt<>n. Ue lost ^^;,g^.j^^j.^, ^,^ -^^ .-apacltv inr pn.du<-tinn a^ they are to his life on the 21st March, by falling througli a cellar ^j^^. vitality of the anliiial hody : and that tho'efiect .d' door at the Baltimore Post-office, striking his head I ploughing lanluit ui> these ,.11 • 11- (• ., rirwi], niouth-^ and lunifs, and mak'' it mipcrvions to li^i;lit against a marble .111, ^vluch dernvcd lum ol ^pcch ;;;',;;\„,, „,,,,,,,[;,,,,,,, ,,,i ,•„, ,|,,V„„ .,, Ux-mit until he ex[>ired. dies? This idea wenld give to many fanners a suo- The Hon I< v \c Hill, formerly Governor of Xew j,>et for thoutdit, and in rec(dve the nourishment which .so increa^"S its capacity lor produetmu. 'fills is lait one (d"the tln)u>and plain suggestions wdilch niav be olfered to the ImcUigt'iit mind rull>. W'hibt we wonld n.'f (^\(dnde entindy ffDin th'^ --r> ciduinns id" V'tur iunrnal. the (h'^.-idption (il'learii' I Jn tlie estaldl a;rricnltnre as a Scienr •. V'ai have entered upon a fiidd where your labour may i y^t its editor should m^ver hf unmindful how coii- he tnrnetit^\])le account. V»'e do not paratively few of his patrons will either read or n:i- derogate from the character id' the farmer, when ^ye derstamrthat whl.di is (>xpressed in a phraseology as assert that they have much to learn of the business in unintidliglhle as if it were (Jreek. which thev are engaged. Agriculture as a Science,! It will 1)0 your ])rovinc<\ too, to instill int.) the to understand It tlioroughly, calls into reitloTT^ (ompatlble with the every-day avocations of a farmer. ; coutext, wdilch, in this age, stMMUs to \\rp\ the worl I His o[»i)ortunitles and mode of life, forbid the appli-; forward in the raceof improvennrnt. Their c(»nd:ti-:i cation of his time to such pursuits : he must deal with | is an is| difference, which restrains them in their interconr-3 ].:)rtunities have enabled them to prosecute the study t with their felh.w iinm, whilst tliere is in their (mm-:- of scientific knowledge, and reduce its elements to pation a subject of thought : an intermingling of the practical conclusions. This view i)f the subject seems i order and heautit^s of nature, an to point out to you the plan upon wdiicli an Agricul- iuiportance in its object design and results, win. j tural Journal should be conducted. To render it rlaim for it that high degree (d' respect which is al- valualde it should treat of subjects, and l»e couched, wavs awarded to ;i well in-trn(t"d nnnd. in such language as will be easily understood by that \ I'pon the character (d'yoiir Journal will depend i:s d,, vnvuvMxc. every implement used is formed uj>on certain fixed Comnuiuicatiouy. Hints to Agricultural Writers. mechanical principles, and how little either ent^'rs in- to the consi(hn-ation of the operiitor, how dcdlghtfnl a task it is to treat of such sultjects, and communicate Carlisle l*a. IREDEKICK WATTS. On A';ricultural Journals. Notwithstanding the great press of prlvat'^ engage- ments, wdiich at the pr(>sei'.t (daini my utniM^t ex<'i-- to the farnnn- in a jdain and intelligible phrase- lions, and wliich, Ilk.' my e h.ndn.gy<.u a helping Iraml, should be constructed, lie km.ws from experience though the extra job should prove never so hard or that certain causes produce certain results, but how 'jading. , . i v , • k - ^ few know why such n^sults are produced, althmm), Vmi t(di me y.ai are about publishing an Agricn.- the reason for each mav be a plain slinph> truth, a tural Journal, and are pleased to think that a tew result of scientific knowledge, easily <-onnnnnleated lines from un b'V ou^ b.and. might prove serN .cable to and as easily understood. We can not better illus- the undertaking.— I hanking y.-n fnr th. .omplnuent, trate our views than by referring tro- ino- and crop]>in<^ at distant places, therebv affordintr | gross, except farming, and that is so immoveable, that a glimpse at the prices that will rule in grain, corn, | it can scarcely lift its head to look over the fence, to &o., in advance— that will tell lilm of exj.eriments I see the race. ,..,.«. ,...-, i and results in tlu' matter of Pust, Potato-rot, Smut To what cause can this indifference, this mihlew and various other thinrrs, as disease in cattle and otln^r ! of the mind" be traced ? Some say the cold neghn't tock- i.ests in various shapes, which lu^ fain would! of the Legislature, who has never directed an encour- vuow,' and should know— of improved tillage, chea}. aging glance, nor ])estoweth the whole lump. that prevails among the farmn-s of Pennsylvania. | A close observation for many years satisfies me when it may be safely stated, that seven-eighths of j that an Agricultural paper is essential to the wants them do not subscribe for, or read an Agricultural j and requirements of the well disposed farmer, lliavc Paper. How mortifvino; to think of such a condition I yet to meet the subscriber to any one of them, who of things; and lo puiut to the fate of the - Fanner's! did not acknowledge his indebtedness in some shape Cabinet," an Acrri* ultural Paper, i)ublished for sev-| or other to its instructive pages. Show me the^Agri- eral years in Philadelphia, and which, after a hard : culturist who is a constant reader of these periodicals. Btrugglo for existence, perished for lack of }>atronage. Its remains were sold to a Publisher in New York, a State, which supports three or four Agricultural Journals creditably. If this is not sufficient to lower the brow of every intelligent, right minded farmer, in what is called, **tho Key stone State,'' I should bo at ft loss to know what could cause his eye to flash or his brow to droop. and I will show you a Husbandman that is far in advance of him who never reads any, unless his jiil:!;' ment is inierience has long since convinced mo of their utility, and 1 fel warrant- ed in commending them strongly to others. For years I have taken some four or five of those leading 1851. FAP.M JOURNAL. 5 Journals refnilarlv, and am free to confess that though the State Society will consider it not only their duty this subscription might be deemed liberal on my ])art, \ to subscribe for your ]>aper themselves, hut to elielt that even in the matter of dollars and cents, reckon- 1 subscriptions for you in their respective neighl)or- infT ^vhat paid, and what saved and nnnle tlirough i hoods. In noway else can they, at this juncture, them, I am largely tlieir debtor. Ikit this was not I subserve the cause so well, as in prem(»ting the circu- all the pecuniary \alue was of little m<»ment to uu\ lation of a good Agricultural i*aper, and the organiza- CompanMl with the gratitieation in times ])ast, from an tion of County Societies, j he county societies al- oceasional interchange of thought and si'iitimeut with ready formed will no doubt patronize you lil>erally. such (Mlitors as the T7ickers, tlu' Aliens, the Pe(Mers, Finally, I would invoke the sons of farmers growing the Tat^'ins, the Sands the Ihitemans c'tc— the glow-, into manhood, to set apart one dollar f )r your pap(T ing remembrance of that glorious past, ser\('S now | every y.^ir, how hard so ever they may work to earn bul to throw a deeper shade over the position in j it. If tliey do, I promis.? them tiiat it will li^rht n their whieh one unguarded step, though well intendelaced my beautiful farm, splendiil cattle, with ever parted with. What more can 1 say? Much, every thing connected with a scene and system of ! but time will not permit me to say more at present, iarniin"-, tluit were the theme of every observer — a ' Wishing you mucli success fjr your own sake, and the chang(rs() mortifying and so discouraging as that 1 sake of Agriculture, I am, iidc., was made to feel' could not fail to damp my zeal and ; ^ ^ james oou kn'. drive me from the field where 1 had long so bravely Mount Airy 10th March ISol. etrue-rled with others, Ijesides those already mention- , ^ - ed, to establish a lofty and commanding character for , On Permaueut Pasture, and the breaking up of old the agriculture of the country. This digression may ! _ ^ Cirass Land. nivjllv >»A nT-rM-l,»nl'e.1 for it i'^ natural for one who It is a question amoTur the f irmers of Kncland and finds himself upon a path he had not trodden tor a >cotlan(l, as to how long land should lieunf>roken t>y long time, though once his accustomed walk, to sto]», the jdough, and whieh is the most profitable mode of or turn aside to recognise some tree, or j lant, or How- fanning; to keep land permanently in pa'^ture, ..r oi^- er that f )rmerly had been familiar to him. So with ' casionally to break un old so(l ? A'^ in all other d<^- me after so long an interral of silence, finding myself partments of agriculture, tiiis must be deeided by CU'-^ao-ed in penTiing these hasty lines for the Atrrieul- circumstanees, but of course the pnt])er selection of turiiri)ress 1 could not refrain from indulging a thetjt^ cireumstances, which are to jiroduee a deeision reminiscence forced upon me hy the occasion. 'of wln^ther a thing is to be d(.ne or n<»t to be d-.ue, It has been stated that I was the gainer by sub- will dejjend on the observation, th«' (dear judgment, scribing to agricultural papers. In proof of*^ thi< 1 and the intelligence of the fanuc^r. The (pn^tion is shall iiistance one item in the shap<^ ot a remedy lor one of great importance to all gra/.iers, t«. the farmers Hove in cattle, whieh I hnirned from one of these of Chester, Delaware, parts of Lancaster in this State, Journals, and which saved me the lives of two or more to considerable portions of Virginia|^an(l mu. h .-!" tlie valuable' cattle worth some lumdreds of ddlars. ' Western country, certainly howereyer of more iuter- hore is produced by rapid or ravenous eating of est to those portions of iN'nnsylvania, where grazing rank vouiu'- clover, green corn Sec, — and occasions the for the market tbrms the ehief if not sole chance i-f death of numerous "l^attle yc^arly. The usual reme-' profit, than to those more distant parts of the cnuntry, dies are the bary)arous prai'tice (»f stahbing. and where land is much ehtviper, held in much smaller drenching with deleterious drugs ; both of whi<'h are , quantities, and by nomejuis as laboriously, as expen- nearly as dangerous as the disorder. The simple sively, or as well fi-nced, as in those celebrated Agri- and most efficient remedy is this, so soon as the | cultural Counties. The first (juestion to b.Miske*! m animal is discovered to be unusually distended or i discussing the matter, is, what is your soil ? In Scot- hoven, let a twisted straw or hay rope as thick as a hind where the farmers are strongly in favor of con- man's' wrist be immediately placed in its mouth, ' verting grass into arable land, and where they bring bridle fashifliea- ' fit fi.r the fattening of a bullock. A\ c mean n-.tlnn^j cious, but tar or no tar, the cure is certain, if the rope more than that those lime-stone regions are less fitted i«? apidied while there is yet any energy remaining in for pennanent pasture, tlian those which contain no the hoven beast. Now'is not this worth a year's lime-stone. In the valleys of Chester,and Lancaster, subscription of your paper to every farmer wIm. has the land will not Imld gra'^^ but a f.'W yi^ars, tie. ugh never heard of the remedy before. ' thev can n- douht fatten cattle, while a little firther If I am not mistaken in the signs, 1 think the pre- South, in th<' same counti.'s, or at least in the c-unty sent time is favorable for commencing an Agricultur- of Chester, the land may .stay in permanent pasture al .journal Manv of late have inquired of me wheth- any length of time, though we know of none that have er there was any likelihood of one beingstarted soon, ! been so le{>, for more than fifty y^ars But we mu.st and su--esting Various plans and places appropriate not take the example of England, Scotland, or Ireland, to its iss^ie ; add to this the feeling manifested at the for our model even it there were great similarity in Farmers' convention lately held at Harrisburg, which the soil ; the diff-erencc of climate would com])el the • /. .., 1 . !__-•/. u «r.w,,i,^^a fnr Amorienn farmer to an onnosite modo ot tanning occasional guest, runners convcniioii mwiy iium jvl aau-iudi^wi.^, .■*..^.- , - - -^ . , if not permitted to subside, may work wonders for Amencati farmer to an opposite mode Pennsylvania. I trust the officers and members of The sun in those countries is only an occi 6 FARM JOURNAL. AritTT,. ieovcrB^KaaBH while here ho is a constant companion ; tlinro thoy and fruits, arc oftomntrndnccd and approved ni one have incessant humiditv, vrhile hero our rain, thou-li township, of which th(. next township knows nothin;;. more ahundant, is less frequent, and rapidly rcMnovcnl. \ But where an agricultural society is ui op.'ratiou, this These create ffreat differences in modes of culture, i state of thin-s cannot continue, had member will thou-h we have seen but throe ol)stacles to kof^pino;: brin- tho contributions of Ins knowhnlge and exi^eri- dv , Li.L.v.^o ..V. .^w .w -- v ^ ^ -" l ^ 2. 1 ,4. the ex)>ense of heavy manurino;. The tliird <»bstaclo j ing, which had been communicated to mo a shoit wo have enumerated: a ne-lect of manurin- is (me | time before, and of which 1 made a memorandum, that has its remedy if the farmerhas means, or thinks ] ()ne of tho most discoura<];inn!; incidents, m the eul- it will bo profitable to employ them in keepin^i; up his tiiro of that invaluable crop— Indian^ C(»rn,— is the grass land, it is no doubt true, that pasture manures | frequent necessity of extonsivc re-plantii»;r. occiisinned itself, that is, the constant d(H*ay of vei^eta1)lo matt(ir, i ]yy insects previn;:; up(m the roots, or birds plucking and the aro])pin^s 01 liie caiiie, lunii a b«yucv\liaL ^^p r^j^^ Q^yyi^ir^u*!; ihe _)ouu;i, piuul. plow but still a ^--radual enrichment of tho soil, yet if I ^j^ ^j Zahm informs me, that many vears a^o, small portions of liino are occasionally aj>plied, now I ^^.|^^,j/ij^ (jn^.j ^,,^y,Q i^^ts in the N. W. section of this has a certain number of acres well set with natural grasses, cannot be wise in plou«ihin^ them. If he grazes, he is sure every year of an investment that will yield him some return without rof^ard to seas(m, lie is rid of all anxiety as to cro]>s, and their precari- ousness; and if ho bo a good judge of stock, and is wary as to his time of selling the crop ho has to offer of rich sweet moat, is sure to bring him a good return. There are but two ways in .those portions (tf this state near tho city (whore land is dear,) of niaking it give a good interest for the outlay, or in the fact, and he accounts for it in tho following manner: AVhcn he was about to plant, he ]>ut his seed corn into a vessel, and having dissolved a small quantity of saltpetre in water, ])oure(l the solution over the corn until it was covered, lie suffered the grain to con- tinue covered with tho water, until it sw(dled almost to bursting, when it Avas taken out and j)lante(L lie mentions tlio following as the effects: — I. Th(> corn has a deeper and richer green during its growth : 2. It springs or comes up with more certainty, and grows more vigorously ; 3. AVorms, ants, and other value of the farm the dairy and grazing. In either ; b^^^^'^^ ^^,.^^^^^(^^^^^^.j^ j^ . 4^ Birds avoid it : 5. It ro- of these, permanent pasture is important, as on such land tho milk is considered richer, and tho animal fattens far ({uicker. This we 1 lolievc is the opinion of allex]>eriencedmen. To both of these, tillage is dia-j ^^^ ^,^^,^j.^ j^^, used, he said there wore two cents metrically <>].])os(>d, anrovement. It was used in Italy at tho door hin\as iioL 10 in. uMuvi , .^ r-*. 1 :.,<, .>,rf-.r, deficiency is t^ross l)evond endurance, and our worthy or 'it 'I rate eliean cnou'di to adinitoi its bemgexten- *^ ^ i. x * 1 1 4. > *i • <- -r or ar a i.uo tnuap t-in'u^ c 1 tanners must sot to work and " mend their wavs. I < v(dv omnloved by farmers, until modern times. — xi , x x n r *i • r u -n i\ ' 1 MMiy empiojiAi oj liv •„,„.„„,, ,,nr know that to tell men of tln'ir faults will often make IJefore the introduction of the leruvian guano, per- 1 . i. *i -n • *• . i- . j>cioio uic uniuuuv,ii II 1 r ,,^ .f :,.,,w.,.f ' them an;:;rv, but yet. they will nine tmit'S out nt ten lians no substance was deemed ot so great iinpoit- '-^ . ' * 1 , ii" 1 , :»: , u.ipf> 110 ^uM. LciiiLv. p p •/• pro It bv tho unpahital»le admonition, ance to the <^rowt I of crops, f.velyn was ot opinion t . ,',,,, 11 •, , ., , ^ , ^11 „^ „,. oi ,,,.-lMn,.<.i How tow barn or cattle yards are idanned with a that f his countrymen could procure an abundance . . . - .' ui.LL II 111 ^ u.ii J I ..*,,„,„ ' view to economy m makmi: and saving manure, and of saltpetns they wouM n,-ed ,u It '-^^^ " " ;-,| h„w little otrnrt'or i„.e,u,itv is oxe.vise,! to i.„-r<.uso Lorato ihoir Krouiul; and Jetl.io lull, l.laccmtrr, ^^_^ ^^^__ ^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^,^.^,^^. utthohoa.l of tho list ,.f those s^l,sta.c,.^^^hKh 1'- ^^^^„;; , ;„ ,■,.„„, all quarter., ox,-e,,t -one. whero considered to bo the essential lood ot plants. i -^ • r i i • » *i i • i r *. ,.1 1 r xi r ,. 1 :„ 41,, ' It IS disidiarged into the high-wav, or an adjacent he deep <^reen color of tho corn mentioned in the i ^ r •. . . •' 1 m. u( I |» ^i.,Lii V.U1V 1 i. ,... a-,> .f •'Stream or a ditth, carrving with it and wa-tmg above statement, has ot(>n bcH'n ohsiTved as an eiieet , , , - '^ . , ., . ^ :.,,,,.. lii, i .1. . . . ., I the very essence of tlu> manure : the soluble nt.rtions. of all fertilizers containing! nitrogen, such as oii>, * ... ^.* • , ,• . i • i i /i • i. ui an uiLiii^v r^ r , ♦ , i; 1 .1,^,, . After this drencdiini:-. tlie sun and wind idav tht'ir part blood i\<\i soot wine, ivc, uiion idants to which tney i , . i ^i . . i \- n oiooci, 11 iiMJoi, »iii ,^».^., 1 I without mtcrnnssK.u and that not "nlv lull scope, were aoo bed Lxperinients on Indian corn, with , ,■ ,, j- i i • ^ i "i ii ^\(iL applied. j>Ap iiui r. ^^^^. . I.ut lull //y/i'' also may be K'veii to tiie (deiii- iits, the saloetre or nitre, maybe recommendt,'aipt ui. ui iiiLii, i.t.ijr fj ^ r, n-atlermirs ot the stables and cattle yards are <\xpos- iiin^ortance since that i:"rain deserves to ho ranked as '^ , , . . , ^ ,• ,> * , • , ' impoiL.iu «., Miuc mat ^i.t i ^,j ^^^ ^j^^^ destructive iirocess from earlv wintv-r, to the "-raiid a'l^ricuUural staple ot our country. . , , ' ' ' Liic Qiaiia aQiiv.uiiuit*i ow ^ , mul-summer or autumn. I know, Mr. Editor, it is easier to carp and com]daIn, than to point out remedies, or to lay down rules that are rofit. Yours truly, iieir associations. i ti I To l>e a *' Pennsylvania Farmer'^ is, in othei parts of tho Union, almost as good as a certificate of excellence in tho profession, and in a general sense I am willing to admit that the distinction is a just one. A. S. lloLjf:i:TS. rhiladelphiii, :March Oth 1851. Education of Fanners. MM Willing!:; ro auniii inai me uisuiicuoo in a ]n^i our. , - i i I have rambled over a good deal of the Un'ion— the The subject of Education app.^rs not to be proper- Eastern ami Xorthorn, the S.mthern and some of thedy understoooii.> lo deticiencies. ^ ^ I tho best advantage, and to ca^t their votes under- In this communicatiennsvlvania : From a knowledge of chemistry they could analN zo are worl.l renowned; tho external ap]>earanee „f their s.nls-an.l at once become aware ol its consti- Uiost of them is imposing at least bevond those to tuents : th'U they would know witlmut fear ..f gomg be found elsewheiv. Tlu'V are mostly built of stone, , wrong, what manure to use, and in what rs are remiss in not asserting their rights in anoth.^r directi.»n — Millions of money are yearly ex}>ended by the Na- tional and State (Jovernments for purposes of no util- ity to the farming community, while literally nothing has ever been appropriated towards encouraging ag- riculture, yet the cultivators of the soil are the main Btav of all 'governments. Then eombine your own efforts f )r present advance- ment, and educate your children for future usefulness. I will add an extract from another publication,_for the purpose of showing at a glance, the numerical forces engaged in the various professions, and the in- fluence saipposed to be exerted by some of those classes. EDUCATION OF TUE FARMER. *'It is caleulat(Ml that the divisions of the occupations of men of the United States, is nearly in the following proportion : — Number engaged in Internal Navigation, Ocean, " ^ - Lcarnod Professions, ComnuM'ce, JManufactures, Agriculture, Thus it will be seen that those who are engaged in acrricuiture, are three and a half times greater in number than those in the other divisions. '1 he agri- culturists consequently have the physical anr. Alfred L. Fdwin, John Evans, Dr. Jidin Irwin, Pavi-l Mumma, jr., lion. AVm. Jessup, Finlaw M'Cown, J. S. llaldeinan, Isaac G. M'Kinley. O" »>...*;.>,. iho linn WM. .TFiSSUP was called to the chair. On motion, a committee, consisting of Col. IIf.nrv Shibeut, John Evans, and Finlaw IM'Cown, was appointed t(^ report at a future day, on the subject of a model farm. On motion, it was l!r.^,,!ced, That Wednesday, Thursday and Frirma- tion as'lo the existence of their respective societies. On motion, it was llei^iAvcih That eacli of the members of the Execu- tive Committee of this Society l)e ami he is hereby authorized to receive fnan such individuals who de- sire to ]>ecome members, the sum of one dollar, and forward the same to theTreasurer of the Socndy, with the name and address of such persons, who shall tliereup(m be members of the Society, subject to the l^ayment of one dollar annually, or upon the payment of twenty dollars, member fur life. On motion, it was . . Residred, That in ]>ursuance of the constitution ot the Societv, the last Tuesday of each month be the time fixed 'for the meeting of the Executive Commit- tee, at the house of Mr. llerr, in llarnsburg, until otherwise ordered. Oh motion, it was . , -r. • /^ Resolved Tliat the thanks of the Executive ( om- mittee be tendered to Professor H. I>. Kogi^rs, for his presentation to the Society, of Professor Johnson s Agricultural Report on the Province of Now Bruns- wick. On motion, it was ^ . Resolved, That the proceedings of this meeting Do 1851, FARM JOTllXAL. to lail.lished, uiKh^r the directitand ^\hv hr ])loughs it; and the latter is (pute as impor- , UUil as luc iurmcr,botinit uem.ij kt^-a u \- ,^ --^ irfV. That manure will enrich the soil is a fact ; but I to know what it is, how ami when to use it, and how j it c<.ntril)ut.'s to the growth of })lants, is that kiinl <•! kn<.\vledge which is only secoml to the f ict itself. The \ firmer lias a certain a'inount of knowledge of seed time and sowing: but if nature's operations m the germination of seed and tie' growth (d' plants were to some extent infused into his daily observations and , retlections, his vig)rous and ever active mind would Ntrike out some new path in his own pursuit, heading to that protitable result which can only be attame.l and relied upon when it can be traced to tho blended source of theondical reason and practical experience. : Tlie appeal which we now imike to those who are , on^ras^cd in the Vtusiness of agriculture, and to all who a])preciate its importance, is'not that you shall for a j moment relax those every day occupations (d' active , life to which you are accustomed, and which, i>rover- | biallv, vou pursue with so much industry: nor do we ^ ask of you to delve, through the medium of books, : and laboratories, into the mysteries of Agricultural Science ; but we do earnestly solicit you to u:iite with ^ us, in the effort now being mad(\ to establish and , cherish that whi(di may be justly deemed the only | means by which the farmer may l>e made to k.'cp j pace with the rest of mankind, in that march cd" im- | provement (d' whirh this age has been so ])rolitic. i Agricultural Societies, because of tie- inllu.'nce they have exercised, and commensurate benefits they have bestowed upon every community where they | exist, commend themselves to universal a]>probation ; i the light which they have shed, and their capacity ! for disseminating it, seem to ])oint them out as tin* onlv active agency by wlTudi the businens of the farm- er sliall be so cared for, tliat he may derive all the ad- 1 vanta'^'S which shall be dev(doi>ed hv time anrth, with th<> determined purpose, zealously, to aid in the prosecu- tion of a work which promises so much practical uso- fublrSS. The late convention which assembled at llarris- burg, has taken the initiatory measures for the esta- blishment of the " Pennsylvania State Agricultural Society ;" it.s constitution has been adopted, and its officers elected. Upon those ofl&cers as an Executive Cominittco, the duty ia devolved to "keep such gen- eral charge of the affairs of the society as may l^est iiromote its interests." It is in this capacity that we now call vour att«'nlion to the subject, and a>k you to unite and co-operate with us in the measures which have been ado[)ted to insure a successful issue. fkei>'k watts, JOS. K. INcJERSOI.L. By order of the Exe.uiive Committee. KoHF.RT c. WAi.KKK, Sccretarv. ^aricultural (!?coloan. A$;riculture and Cieolo^y, The subject of Agricultural Geology is new, hut the age has passed away, in this country, when old errors were preferred to new truth.-;. I shouM, first, express n y sincere desire that the Farm Journal may ].ruvc useful in agricultural Science (for agriculture is entitled to a place, and name, among the tixcd Science's^ the most u«oful, and honorahle, of all scientific lairsuits, viewed theoretically or practically. The word (leolniry is dc- rivcil IVuni Two (Ireck words, the one menning the earth, the other a descri}>tion or history, so tliat Geology is a description of the earth : although it has special refer- ence to changes and ihy: iuwa guverning the changes of the earth's surface. None will dcnv the importnnoo of a knowledge of tlio earth, its soil, nnnerals, and rucks either to tl-.c practi- cal or scientilic f.vrnier. The man who has the most tliorongh ac-piaintance with yhaighs, or anvils, other things1)eiri£r cratrd botanist, construct- ed a Horal clock by bringing a variety of flowers togeth- er, hloomint: at dilfcrent hours of the day, and m tln.s manner the opening and closing of fb-wers would indi- cate the hour. Here, a connection between the life ami existence of the plant bearing the flowers, and the 'laily motion of the earth on its axis, is clearly indicated, lo show the relation between vegetable life and the annual moUon of the earth ; I wUl produce an example of this 10 FARM JOURNAL. A IMUT. familiar to all. Some forms of vegetable life increase their size by a series of deposits on the interior. The cane is an example of this. Others by a succession of layers on the out side. The oak is an example of this. The concentric rings of the oak making these successive annual layers or depositcs, counted, will tell the age of the oak, so that there is a connection between tlie for- mation of such a ring, and the annual motion of the earth around the sun. The relation of vegetable life todilfer- cnt kinds of soil, is manifest to all. One plant in its na- ture is adapted to a sandy soil ; another to a wet marshy location ; one to a mountain region; another to a low- land country. One reiiuires an excess of sand in the soil ; another an excess of lime. Vegetable life has an equally important relation to geographical localities; one re(iuiring greater warmth, another more cold. In passing from the Equator to the poles, every stage of vegetable life is seen ; and this cor- respcniding" to the altered conditions of climate. Near Ihe L:(iuator the tropical forests, and tropical vegetation are seen ; passing North, the region of the sugar cane, the orange, the cotton, the peach, the apple, the wheat, and the pasture lands, successively appear, and far to- ward the South, the region of moss shows itself In Dassin ''■ frO"^ " ^^•'*^ ,<.r,»irif»'u in tmnir"!! roorionsi. to the •top of a high mountain, every stage of vegetation, from tropical plants, to the mosses of northern regions, will appear. To understand this relationship between vege- table and animal life, and the globe, two things are necessary ; first a knowledge of the laws governing ani- mal and vegetable life; the second, the laws governing the changes of the earth's surface. It should be the province of Agricultural Geology, to investigate these relationships in their several branches, especially the connection between vegetable life and the earth. i April 1, Ls.">l. n. S. roiiTEii. I Importance (►f V^enlilalion, Cleanliness and Drain- ing.';, for the preservation of the llealtli of Domestic Animals. Brute animaU, like the human race, are subjeet to Biokness, and this often to such a fatal extent as to cause great loss to individuals. This dilVerence, however, ex- ists— that human subjects generally recogni/e their ail- ments on the slightest premoTiitions, and are thus often led to a timely withdrawal from the sources of mischief, or the adoption of means for arresting its further pro- gress, whilst dumb animals when they once show their sickness, are generally in very desperate conditions. Hence the very large proportions of those attacked with 8'ckness that die, and the great necessity of removing the causes and preventing the occurrence of disease. Districts of country wiiicli prove unhealthy to man, are equally so to the inferior animals, until these have become acclimated. The symptoms will of course be modified by the differences of organization, and they will therefore vary greatly from those developed in the human family from the action of similar agencies. Thus we often hear of liorses having the "Blind Staggers," or the " Yellow Water,'' or of the prevalence of the " ITol- low-lTorn" among neat cattle, the first named affection being a brain frvrr or malignant typhus, whilst the two last are forms of bilious fever. Whenever we find epidemic diseases prevailing amongst the human family, it denotes a condition of the atmos- l)herc which will exert a malign inlluence equally upon animals, especially among that most delicate and valua- ble one, the Horse. (Jreatcr care than usual should at Kuch times be taken, to avoid the night air, and all ex- posure to cold and wet, just as we would act for the ])i e- eervation of health within our noble selves. Ibit in housing animals for protection against the inclemencies of the weather, they are often exposed to great dangers from the arrangements of the stables and other buildings. Dr. T. Southwood Smith, has devoted great attention to the exploration of the causes of sickness, and the jneams of determining these in England, and from the minute reports made through their complete sj^stem of Jlegietration, which has enabled him to identify sickly and healthy localities, with great precision. "When- ever" says he " fever is frequent, there is uniformly a bad drainage, bad sewerage, a bad sup])ly of scavengers, an^l a consequent accumulation of lilth." If a map be drawn or coloured so as to designate the places where fevers pre- vailor have prevailed to a great extent, and sho^ving also the localities where drainage has been eifoctetl hy the Health Oommlssioiiers, a])pointed to attend to this public duty, it will be foun(i that where the conuriissioii- ers of sewers have not been, there fevers are still pre- valent ; but wherever they have been, there, fevers are comparatively absent. Filth and moisture conjoined with heat are the greatest enemies of health. The foul products resulting from the combination of these elements and agents are detrimental to the health of all that breathe the air with which they become blended. The addition of lime and plaster to compost heap?, tends to arrest the too sudden decomposition of vegeta- ble and animal matter, that would otherwise, by sur- charging the air, operate injuriously upon the health (»f animals confined in stables or cattle yards. Uim Vess are perhaps the most frequent generators of foul and [ics- every kind of vegetable and animal refuse, with abiiivl- ance of moisture to cause their rapid decoiiq^ositi^o.— We very often hear (»f hogs suddenly dying, in apparent- ly high health, and whilst rolling in fatness. Their loss is generally ascribed to something eaten, of a noxious quality. But the noxious intluenco which operates in nine out of len such cases, is the foul air emanating from the reeking collections of filth which are but too often found in and about pig-styes. The losses from this source if they could be ascertained and estimated, would make an aggregate that would much surprise many who have overlooked this matter. And we may say the same in regard to the pecuniary losses to individuals, — and of course to the country at large, — from diseases and mor- tality among other domestic animals, attributable to causes generally overlooked, and in most instances read- ily removable, through the aroposo the giving to your readers sucli an abstract of it, as will tell thein,' how much has bmi (h.iu\ by xdiat wo call Despotic Kuropo, and will at the same time, dis(doso to them how much hds to l>e dono, by Itepubliean Ameri(?a. It seems, that in tln.s.^ coun- tries, where our people are taught to believe that the (ioveniors are all tyrants, and their subjects ail brutes ; there are three hundred an Schcxds of Agriculture, and that the nation most bonight(Ml, as we suppc^se, has tlu^ most, excepting France. " Wiiiiiu a few years past, ihegovcrumeut uf Rus- sia has been much awake to the subject of Agricultu- ral Schools. No less than sixty-eight of these have been established.'' '* Since ISlo, not less than fifty inferior srbools have been established in connection with model farms. Some of them have a four year's course, on farms va- rying from 1,375 to 2,220 acres, with from b>'^ to2(M) j^upiTs. They are really of a higher grade than the jann schools of other countries." This is the spirit of savage Liberia. The country :i"xt to Russia, in the number of its scIumiIs, is the one with which this country has more sympathy than \vith any nther, and whitdi we are daily tohl, is dull ;ind degraded IrehuKl. She has sixty-three Agricultu- ral Seho(ds. France, has the credit (d' halving been the iirst country in whi(di an Agricultural School was established, and though n(»\v she has 75, yet all. or inarly all, were founded under her Kings. After the guilh»tine had destroyed a host of her citizens, the • ^word came into action, while the |)lough was thrown into contemptuous neglect. The chief duty of farm- ( rs, from the opening of the revolution, during the rrpublic, and under the Kinpire, was to rear sons f :>r the tield of battle. A long peace, or rather a ]>ar- tial ]>eace, has opened upon the (b»vernors of nations, :!i<' a1)s«dute necessity (d" employing ami educating, the natural if not iiitense activity of mind, among those tln^y govern, and the plough is gradually, but •surely, making its way, even in despotisms, to a [»o- '•itlon, a million fold more useful, and (iuite as exalt- ( (1 as the sword. Dfalltln; schools that ^fr. Hitchcock visitiMl, or beard (d', those of Ireland, a]>pi'ar to have been the most efficient, and the most useful. There are two grades, " Model Agricultural Schools" and " Ordin- ary Agricultural Scluxds." The pupils in the latter, usually ([uite young, if distinguished, pass into th«> f'-rmer, and are fitted to beconn^ t(M(di('rs. In all these s(diools, of every grade, literary instruction is eombiniNl with agricultural; and indeed, the onlinary schools, are only elementary schools, in wbiidi agri- culture is taught." An impression exists, among the I'ooplc of this state, that every thing like agricultural ( (bication, is a mere inculcation of theories. Frum this, it may be supposed, that it is meant, that a fiir- mer is not to bo educated at all, that as the larger part of his work is dono by his bauds, he Inis no use for his head, that all science connected with his oc- cupation is worthless, and that a knowledge of the princiy)les of the art by whiidi he lives, is a kind - f hineiful rehnemenr, beneath his notice. This report shows us how such ideas have been broken up in FiUrope. " It is a most important fact to be noticed respocf- ' inir all the agri(Miltural scdiocds of Ireland, and indeed ' ()f"\ll Furop(^ that are sustained by the goNernment : (excepting p<'rhaps in a few eolb-ges) that a farm ' larger or smaller, is always c^innected with the school, i so That the theories taught are tliere tested and ex- hibited in practice. Indeed on the continent in some places, unless tlu^ attaidied farm can be made to ex- hibit a state of cultivation fully e([ual to any ar(»und it, the government withdraws its support. In th^-o ! facts we see that the objectie, and they will bo, i when the people are more fully :iwak<'ned to their im- I portance. ^' '■■ -'^■■'•^^' I I We shall be pleased if our correspon.lent will fa- vor us with additional arti.des, on the impMrtanee .,i Agricultural Schools. The subject is attracting much I attention in New York and Massachusetts, andshould also in Pennsylvania. — En.] Michi;raii l>()uMe Ploujj^h. ^f, .^na?i'-/^r.-— Permit us to call the attention of Farmer's to the MichiL'an D-ul.le ri-ugh. We gave ;t a thorough trial, with three of the best patterns ot plouf-hs in our neighborhood, having spent a lull day la testing its qualities in loam, heavy clay an.l strong soil, ami have no hesitation in saying that in any sell the work is more thoroughly and better er, is approaching, and aUlumjrh mueli informutiou in re- I gard to it has boon published in various work^, it ih to j be refretteoct to the sek^ction of good seed • Instead of raising fiiio white mealy Potatoes, winch al- 1 ways bring a good price in market, many persons eon- j teut themselves with raising mongrel varieties of the | most indilferent kinds, which are hard to boil, and pasty, although it is as easy to raise superior vegetal >les as inferior ones, each requiring the same amount of time, labor, and attention. Tlie seedling should always be of the largest, free from all blemishes, of only one variety, and having the wounds caused by cutting, well dried be- fore planting. The Potato may be divided into three distinct parts: the crown, the body or midrinciple is affected by over-ripeness, it is generally believed that the occasion- al superiority of these for propagation arises from intrin- sic differences. — Ed.] ^"otices of 2Cciu JJublicatious. Fovrth Annual Pa^m't of the Board of Agrinilfure of the State of Ohio. (Uumlms, 1.^50. pp. 304. This stout vidumo is an evidence of the vigor with which agricultural improvement is prosccutiul in Ohio. It has been prepared under the general *' Act for the encouragement of Agriculture,'^ by the " Ohio State Poard of Agriculture,'' and opens with a general ac- count of the subject by M. L. SuUivant, President of the board, including a num1)er of valuable sugges- tions. The first section of the " Act'' provides that when a County Society has secured a sum of from $50 to $200 (under certain restrictions,) a similai' sum may bo drawn from the county treasury, tho money to be applied to awarding premiums " fortho improvement of soils, tillage, crops, manures, iniple- TY^opfa uf.wlr ortielos; (»r (lomestie indiistrv c^'C." Tho i County Societies are governed by a uniform set of I rules, and they prepare accounts of the condition of j Agriculture, wlfudi are sent to the central board to ! be used in preparing the annual reports to theLegi>- , laturt\ I The Board reported a premium list of three thou'^and ' dollars, to be competed for at the State Fair held at ; Cincinnati, on the Uth 12th and 13th September 1850. ; The nature of the premiums may be judged from tho \ foUowing examples :— for the best bull $20 ; best cow $15; best yoke of oxen $15; best sheep $10 ; &c., for : various grades; best ]>air of matched horses $20; ' second $10 ; best lot (or ])air) of various fowls ^^ each lot ; best plow of 7 different kind $7 each. The I premiums extend to a great variety of implements, down to hay forks, wash-boards and axes ; and to maple sugar, salt, linen, carpets, mittens, quilts, needle work, bonnets, itc, so that skill in a great many departments may meet with an acknowledg- ment. ]Many of the premiums go to the Horticultural and to the Mechanical Departments. Most of the volume is devoted to replies of the County Societies (or of indlviaZ Cm/)s.— Wheat, Corn, Oats, Buckwheat and Hay. 2. Wheat. Average yield of this year, 15 bushels per acre, somewhat injured by rust. Aggregate amount, 260,000 bushels. 3. Carn.— Average yield this year 40 bushels per acre ; aggregate amount 600,000 bushels. 4. Oa/».— Average yield, 50 bushels per acre ; aggre- gate amount 160,000 bushels. 1851. FARM JOURNAL. 13 5. Grass and //^y.— Average yield of Hay, 1 h tons per acre. 7.* Root Crop.?.— -Potatoes somewhat alfected with tlie j.(;,t — not so much as last year. 10. 0!hcr C/v/Av.— Buckwheat yields 25 bushels per acre. 13. PorA-— AggTcgatc amount 10,000 barrels exported to some extent. r,). \liiis, \r —Ten Flouring mills, two of which are for custom work only—one oil mill— one woolen factory , —thirty saw mills, ten of which are propelled by steam. AsnL.\ND County.— (By IIknky Mili.ek.) 1. Principal Crops. — ^Vhcat, corn, pork, oats, clover- ' see-1, barley, rye, timothy seed, hay, potatoes, butter and cheese. . ^^ ' o Wheat. ~T\\Q usual average product per acre is 13 bushels. The varieties most approved are White, lilue- : stem, Asbridge, Mediterranean and Valley wheat. The : greatest difference in the weight of wheat, iu the aggre- gate, is 23 lbs— the poorest weighing 1'), the best I I i;i .; ,1 .;.. I . .c. . them far more pleasant to hamlle tlian bearded varieties, and umler favorable culture, and suffering no casualities, will yield 30 bushels to the acre. The Mediterranean is i sown extensively on account of enduring the winter, and ; being fly proof, thus measurably escaping two great in- ' jurieli. * The objeetions to it, by some farmers, are, first | its reddisii. brown, color : second — vieMing less than • many other kiiels; tiiird — is liable to be prostrated by slight winds. This variety is a bearded red chaff. There ore many other kinds— stubble, pea, river, white Hint, club, kc., all of whieh possess some one, two or three peculi;ir characteristics, which render them either favor- able or objectionable to the farmer. The last named has two high eonimendations : +irst, that of enduring a storm that wouM prostrate all other varieties ; second, growing erect and yielding well on rich bottom laud. The white wheat, asbridge, white, bluestem, white flint, are the varieties from w hich superfine flour is generally made. There is but little diaerence in time of ripening, winter kill, rust and and fly, between the last nieutioneroof in that respect, having a bright smooth chaff, entirely enclosing the ])erry. The land best adapted for wheat has a gravelly loam, with clay sub soil, and is sufficiently undulating to con- duct ()\X all superabundant water. Barn yard manure, well rotteth of September a-^ possible, ru^d harrowing twice the same way. Some tiel.ls have been put in with the cultivator and look well. The wheat «lrill wouhl be the greatest implement of husban- dry that could be introduced into this county. The kind of injui-ies to which our wheat is most liable, according to their relative extent, is first, fly, drouth, winter kill, ru8t, &c. The rust was the most extensive injury with U9 last harvest, extending all over the county. We can- not prevent its ravages, but measurably escape them, by sowing on the first of September to ripen early ; but in that very attemj)t we may give license to the fly. TIic aggregate amount ]>roduci''k I'he varieties are numerous — some of which aie the large yellow, white flint, small vellow, and an indiscriminate mixture of various kinds. The large yellow grows very tall, has long large ears, and rijtens tolerably early, and is much esteemed by some farmers. The white flint (so called l)ecau>ed it is a very hard solid white grain) has a sliort thick car, is hard to husk, and hartl to thresh. It mouhls easily in a "Wet husking time, but wlicii well dried weighs 'lO jnanids, and makes excellent flue white meal. The small yellow grows .short, has a small red cob, ripens earlier tiiaii any other kind, is less liable to damage by wet weatiier than any other kind — may be planted early, or as late as the flr.^t of June, with great success — ].roducing roasting ears iu six weeks. This variety has been gr<»wn inuurcd to in this climate for twenty years, is remarkably ea-y to husk or shell, and yields more g(joil corn with less labor than any other variety. Of this variety 1 raised in the vear lbl7, lU^^ but>Uela lu the acre, \sithuut hoeing, it was checkeretl and ])lantcd two i^^ii ten inches apart, three grains in a hill. The v.hole crop average*! 110 bushels per acre, including a portion of land rather wet. In tlie year ISlS, 1 introor acre. The pa-t season 2'>. Tlie varieties ;_'vown are tiie Native, the Kngli-^h, and Side oats. The native o:it-^ is more extensivelv grown. It viehN more in bulk to the acre than the I'higHsh, but prol)al>ly not in wei;zht. The former weighing '-Vl. the latter :'.^ pounds j>er bushel. The Side oats yield< from •"> to lo bu>hels more per acre than either of the others, but ripens 8 or 1<.> days later. The Enudish is the earliest. i 5. Rye \ BarJru.—'Ylm u.-ual product yQV acre is 20 bushels. The su]>pnsed amount annually raised is, l»ar- lov lo,(H)0; rye 10,000 bushels. (}f tlie latter, a short variety has been introduced, but as to its character, I know but little; also spinless barley, which yields well on rich land. The usual i)rices are from 10 to 15 cents I per bushel. ! 0. Grn^s .S' Jlaii. — The most approved variety for meadow is timothy, making incom}>:»rably more whole- some hay than chiver, for horses. Clover pasture is ex- cellent for horses and cattle, but in hay it is ipiite objec- tionaltle f-r its great tendency to j-roduce heaves in I horses. Its product per acre is one ton— timothy one I and a half ton. i 7 jiont Crop". — The ule^ to tlie rot than usual.* though the yield seemed more defici- ent from the otatoes. Lime and ^ ashes have been used to prevent rot, but without benefit. I Turnips are raised abundantly for table use, but little I or no root crops are raiseil for sale. ^ I 8 Fn/i/.— The character of our gmftevorthless. More tlian 4-:) oi our apples arc Bcedlings, and our grafted fruit is obtained mostly from grafts put on Bcedlings al)out 10 years ago and it is a wonder to every enterprising fanner that thousands of worthless trees are yet standing unrenovat- ed, occupying room where grafted fruit inight grow. Fruit is but little exported, either green or dried state, l)eing mostly used for home consuini)tion. (| ,S'm/s— The (luantity of cloverseed annually pro- duced, is 7000 bushels ; timothy, 4000 ; flaxseed 15 (100. Tiie usual average yield per acre is, flaxseed, U) bushels worth 80 cts.; cloverseed, 2h worth i:;3 ; timothy, 8 bushels, worth J^^l 37^ per bushel. ^ 10. O/hrr Cro;..— Flax, but not hemp, is ^-f^^cd to a considerable extent for the fibre ; one acre will yield loO ordinary bundles, worth i\\ cents, each, when thrashed ; when scutche.l, each bundle yields 5 lbs., worth 8 cts per lb , equal to r>i> dulhirs per acre. Now any man can calculate the expense of harvesting, thrashing, spreading for rotting, turning 3 times, gathering up, drying, breaking, top dressing and scutcliing, for the amount of the expenses depends much upon the extent of, and convenience of the preparations for getting ii out. Tobacco is raised onlv for home consumption to a very limited extent.— Field beans, hops, mustard seed, mad- der and mint-oil, command little (()() lb« They are much noted for their harmless und docile disposition: ami we consi.l clover huUers 01 introauced, are tuiA.>li.-., ^ - ^ , . ^ \ the best kind, a few rollers and some good plows A wheat drill from New York, and a drain plow from Indi- ana, were exhibite.l here, but no sales were eflectcl. 17. ()//.,T 7//^/'nnrun7i/5.— There have been no experi- ments in the renovation of the soil worth naming, except with barn yard manure. Lime is obtained from a di.- t^nce, at too great an expense to apply it profitab y o our soil. Our creek bottoms are almost inexhaustaMy fertile. I have a piece now in corn which has been un- der cultivation for 13 vears in succession, with but one manuring and 2 vears'in clover, and yet the tenth crop ' yielded 1:'>:U bushels of shelled corn to the acre witluait j hoeing. This year it yiehled 70, with the same culture, I though planted' .hiiie 4th, (rather late.) I Drainage is effected to some extent with plow and spade, ami to great advantage. There is n..lhing a present in the whole process of agriculture, from wind farmers would .lerive greater profits from a small amount of labor or capital, than by draining the thousan.ls ot fertile acres in dilVerent parts of this county, grown ovci with wild grass an.l covere.l several months of the jear with water. To render such land most profitable wit i the least expense, is to cut drains in a dry time, mow o i the wild grass, and sow timothy, either in July or August or early in the spring : and in a few years the timo I y will entirely usurp the growth of wild grass, and jitia 2i tons per acre, or 10 or 15 bushels of seed. 1 8 .V.>,.;y//.s-.— There have been no di.«coveries of min- erals worth namint:- There is considerable ot what ^^( call bog ore. some" of which bears a close resemblance to iron ore, and it is said, would yield .> per !^^^-\^^'^ bly ofgood iron; a sample of which L will dcliNcr m Ashland for investigation. 10 Milh, ,^,r.— There are 80 grist mills, 57 saw mills, 10 carding machines, 5 foundries, and I ^V';*^^'';' ^''*'i' Tr!; This factorv is situated in the heart of Ashlan.l, and tlic whole superstructure, including engine and internal nia- ehinerv, is entirely new and fitted up in the most sKU _ fulst/le; is now in complete operation; is capahle |' manutactuiing 40,000 lbs. of wool a year ; and is nrt u be surpas>ed in all Northern Ohio for the execution ot neat work. An.l here I must add, that the proprietors Messrs. Northrop, Keznor & Co., are entitled to mucli rospectan.l ].afronngc by the farmers of Ashland countv, for this exhibition of enterprize and skill. Immediat^'ly adjoining is a splendid mill, now being erecteing some ofthe iiK.st interesting f(ni- tures ill the gcolngy ofthe country, remains a blank. "We have reason to l)elieve, from the language used b>y Mr. iiigiuiiji ill Lbi.i well written llepurt, that Lliese valuable nraterials will be no longer ke[)t from the citizens of the state ; and when given, we hope the necessary majts, drawings, and other illustrations, will be juiMished in full. The following extracts from the lleport, place tlio connexion between geology and agriculture in a clear light. To that groat leading interest afrricuhure. a geological survey is both directly and indirectly beneficial, to an extent which well deserves the careful consideration, not only of every farmer, but of the Legislature. It con- duces directly to this interest by pointing out tlie sources from whence tlie various soils ofthe region are derived, and the belts of country where the same soils prevail, so that the agricultural experience of separate localities uj)on identical soils may be compared together. It analyses the strata, and shows which layers are fertiliz- ing and which not, and traces on the geological map such as are natural manures, discriminates l)etween the I'ure limestones and the magnesi-in ones, between those which possess the all-powerful element of phe-q)horus and such as do not, and indicates what shales and other constantly decomposing strata are already naturally calcareous or gypseous, and are comi)etent of themselves, by proper mechanical treatment, to rej>leni~h the soil '■ulfieiently with lime and ]>laster, and what others are destitute of these essential elements, anil yicM soils whi(di re([uire their artificial intr<>duetion. It calls at- tention furthermore to, and furnishes in fact much knowledge indispensible to any right system of drainage. An iinjiroved and truly economical culture of tlie soil r.ui^t be found upon an exact knowUvlire of tlie materials of which the soil is composed, and this indispensable knowledge can only be ])roeured through a careful study ' t' the rocks or strata out of which the soils are derivc'l. ilenee it is, that Ceology is now universally regarded by tlie professional teachers, scientific writers, and tlicmost i-kilt'ul men of practice in agriculture, as equally funda- mental with chemistry, in its relations to sound methods of cultivation. Of this no better pri)uf need be asked than the titles and seope of all the treatises, both com- jir* hen^ivc and abridged, of one who is perhaps the al)lest expouii'ler of the }uinciples of this great art now living, Professor James F. W. Johnston, of f^ngland, who has devoted the labors of a lifetime to the production of Works expressly on ''Agricultural chemistry and Geolo- gy." In a recent '' Report on the agricultural capabili- ty of the Province of New Brunswick," he illustrates in various ways, how *' the possoseion of a good geological map is of much importance to a State, as an aid in de- termining the cultural value of its surface, of what it is capable, and how its capafiilities are to be developed." A little consideration of a few fundamental facts in a'"'-rieulture and geology, will render obvious the advan- tages which the intelligent farmer may tion of the nature and comp(tsition of the strata around tliem ; for without this knowledge he can get no true insight into the chemical and mechanical properties of the soil, which is nothing else than the sub.-tance, in whole or part, of those rocks in a decomposed or decayed condi- tion. The whole art of preserving or improving the fertility of a soil, consists in re})lenishing it Nvith those elements which the crops are ascertained to abstract, and in the proportions suitable to repair the waste, and to meet tlie indispensable demaiKls of vegetatim. Ibit how can these proportions be km^wn, unless we ju-eviiuisly ascertain what the «leeom]tosin2 rocks theni^elves su)i|'ly, and what they tail to lurnisl!. >\ nen it is understood inai a soil to be truly t\-i tile, mu.-t consist of at least the fol- lowing sub.staiu-es, some of them in large and some in minute (luantiries, and that they are nil equally nece>.-a- ry to its j>roductivcness, the importance of a correct geological knowledge, indicating their presence or ab- sence in a particular locality, will be plainly perceived — g^itica. ntuviina, lime, mnfrncsia, o.rUe of iron, poiosh, com- mon salt, and pfiosphoi ic acid — and this will be still more distinctly seen when the inorizanic elements in any of the ordinary crops arc shown in comparisiui. In the case of red clover hay, as an example, there are silica, lunc, muf^- main, ojidof imn, sufphurir and, phosj>horic acid, potash, soda, and ch/orine, in all one hundred and twenty-nine and a- half p(^unds in a ton of hay. As the ab^tiaction from the soil of eitlier of the^e ingredients will greatly impair its suitableness for this particular crop, it is manit^|«^t that it behooves the larmer, as a fir to the skdful culture of his land, to learn from :ho composition and geological origin of tlie rocks which have pr.Hluccd and are still producing his soil, whether these various con- stituents, indispensable to his i.urpo>e, are naturally there and likely to be renewed, and which of them he must himself sup])ly. The animal which cannot thrive without a due propor- tion of lime and jdio^pjiorus in its bones, can by ranjiing wi.lely f«u-its food be almo.-t sure of those ingredients; but the ].lant is rooted to one spot, and if these and the other earthly elements, not le-s indispensable to it< nu- trition, are not immediately within its reach in the soil, the farmer must introduce them. Hut how can he jx.s-^i- bly know what it is that is deficient, until the chemical geologist makes it clear to him, from a ].re\ious ^^tudy of tlie composition of the rocks and of the soils into which these rocks decay. It mav be 'stated a= an undeniable truth, tl-at without an acMuaintancc with the local geology of his v>cnnty _ the agriculturist can never avail himself of the whole ot his natural resources, or make due and grateful acknowl- cd.amients in his ir.dustrial practice of the b..unti(ul sources of wealth which the beneficent ( reafor w.th lavish kindness, has spread beneath his feet. To till the earth and call forth her fruits, is the happy n wlm (Inlvo. for , i • , •i..„„i:..v, Tlw» -i.T-iiK-iv^:!! fonna- till the surface, to that of the population who delve for other riches beneath it. . It is too obvious for argument that a map and descrip- tion which display in their true positi^)n all the varieties ofstrata, and consequently their soils within our bur ders, must be a most valuable aid in exhibiting our agri- cultural means of wealth, and for inviting hi her he best class of settlers. We have lost much desirable population V)y the undue prominence given to western omplovkl into consideration. The principal forma- tions are clearly traced to the borders of Mississippi, 80 that with the labors of Lyell, Conrad, and de Vcr- ncuil, the investigation of the latter state will be much simplified. Unfortunately, the Legislature of South Carolina \:^''i;;:i:;^^:':zz,!^c:^:rE^;i(^ ou;«; | d-.d not .ancuo„ the ,....,10.0,.. ,. r^u.. of u. o as to compensate for the peculiar disadvantages to which | ^.^^.^. ^^mains, although catalogiu-s are giv(>n, as woll r':r^:::'i^'^^^r'^^ i - ^>^ ^he Uving ammals of the st^Ue. But awnvo .f ImmXe .ivA"'Igr"ulUn-e, t)yOie publication of the the importance of a knowledge of recent spocies m results oiVeological surveys. Several striking instances | i^vesti-athm of those fossils most nearlv allied lo are presented t'o our thoughts. One r^^^^^es to the marl tK. inv^ ^ ^^^ region of New Jersey, where the farms have been enrich- ed, and their produce multiplied by the disclosures of the true character and extent of beds of green sand or marl, by Professor H. D. Rogers ; and the other has re- ference to the old farms of Eastern Virginia, which have been revived since Professor William B. Rogers made known the abundant deposits of calcareous marl of | them, Mr. Tiumiey gave a list of the shells now ex- isting upon the Carolina coa>st, and it is to be bopeJ that between the states of Alabama and Missi^sip].i, such arrangements will be made, that the public will get a full scientific view of the relations existing be- ^::X:!:^t^^T'^::^^.::^(^^^"o\^ rweon tl.o Uvin, productions of the ,ulf of M.xi..,.. worn-ouireo-ionfrom the northern and eastern states, , , • o -, _..,.i .„... :^ .v.^ ^^.f,....^ f,nMn:,t,.,nS has been excitcl mainly, by the prospect of benefits de pendent upon the marl manures. We may also mention, that methods emploved in the Netherlands, converted the most barren sands into fruitful fields. And even the white drifted sands of Cape Cod are now changing to bright green fields, and much of the credit is due to a geological report ma.le by Professor Hitchcock, of Mass., who was ambitious to point out means to make two blades of grass, or two ears of corn grow, where but one grew before. Fi'nt hirnnial Report on the Gcolwn! of Ahihama. By M. Tuomey, ( Jeologist to the State ; IVoiessor of (leohxry, Minerah.gv, and Agricultural Chenmtry in thtTu Diversity ut'' Alabama. Tuskaloosa, 18oU, p. 170. We are indebted to his excellency ITenry W. Col- lier Govornor of Alabama, for a copy of this Ileport, which is very creditable both to the State, and to the eeologist to whom this important trust has been con- fided. Mr. Tuomey, wa.s previously identified with the science of the country by his Beport on tlie Geology of South Carolina, publibhed under the authority of that state in 1848. and their fossil analogues in the tertiary formations somewhat like those developed by Mr. Forbes ; iV-ni his dreol, so that the autlmr's latest additions arc ineludod, Xhe vylumoi> full and iinuticil ui-n iv^mii-. mim- agemcnt, eggs, Odop^ aivl varioties aiid .iiialnus ut the various l.roeds "f rirhk 'iis, an.l it iri.Iu-l.'^ n.'- V,, Practical R'ccipt r,ook for tl.e '"^""f^'*^'*"-"' ^..,^,„,, „f ,,„. ,„„,.f,„vl, ,,l,.-asant, t.irl<,n-, gui.ioa-fowl, tra.lesnnn, agricultun.t, or hous.kcei.er. Lm.isay ^^^^^^^^ ^^ _^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^ ,j,^^ _ en-ravin;;s aro arou- aiul r.Uikiston. pp. UOO, ^ | '^^^^^^ Vn,l wWl rx-nit-M. luaiiv uf tli.'in IV..m uri;;inal A larf;cunclapbifiea collection with many useful tl.inss ^'^^^j '^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^^ Croouie from lino livin- American oontuining portions wlucl. encourage quackery an. tl,e ^-_^^^^ manufacture of aJulterate-l articles. A few me.l.ca •■ '^ . ,,^,^ ,,„„, ^,.,1 ,„ introduce dircc.i.ns for emergencies arc proper, l,ut dome.st= ' '^ ' ,_^.^^,^ f,.„„ „.,,,., „h- d..,ues.io meddling witli arsenic and other actne med.cnes, and h,:;ur..s O .1, ^^.ld '"^ „„d to guarantee with serious diseases.is not to be recommended. 0. course , races ''^ ^'-'^'■"^ '^'^^'^' '\''\"", '; ''" '^„..,;,, ,„,,,,. many of these nostrums will do as little harm as good. , ,l,c auth.,nty ol the ong.nals he ha.l Jr. « n,.s ma . ri,,,., .-/.-.»•.. -'»''-- ./,...~';;™-r™; ;^'';::;:«:s:;:: :"■■;';■ airairs • embracing all the most recent discoveries in lection of the AcadoniN ol .\atura . auu. S-U::^lchen;^stry,etc.byCuthbert W.Jobnson, | aelphia. He has inserted various htters from 1..^- Esq F 11 S adapted to the United States by (louv- K^.^j^^^j^,],.,,^.,^ ..^nng whom David Laggart oi .> i- erneiir Emerson, Philadelphia. Lippincot, tirambo, ^,^,^,],,Hand, Fa., F. 11. Cope of FhiladMphia, and ^v Co. 1851. pp. 1179. I Geo. V. Burnliam of Melrose, Massachusetts, may be terms, as having a tendency to embarrass, rather than to enlighten the reader." It is not by any means " generally agreed that granite ^ the oldest of the rocks." p. IF The statement as to , its " everlasting durability" must be acted upon with caution, as some apparently good granites decompose. r. ranite is composed of quartz, felspar, and mica, so that it is not correct to say that mica - is somctwus found to be one of its elements." AVhen hornblend replaces the iiina, the rock is .sycmlt, auu v. hen il^ .^.^ -i- of quartz and felspar alone, it is named frmni/ite. M.mures, thrir conijwsition, preparation and action upon soils ; biin^ a fit Id companion f r the farnur. By Campbell Morfit. Lindsay and Elaki.st.-n. ]>. 100. A useful manual adapted frum the French by a well known chemist. The Practical Receipt Book for the manufacturer, This is a new edition of a large and valuable work which every farmer should have at hand as a book of constant reference, for which its alphabetical arrange- ment well adapts it. It is illustrated with numerous plates of domestic animals, implements, grain, weeds, noxious insects, &c. The present edition contains a new article on soil, an extended one on ventilation, especially as regards the Geo. F. Burnliam of Melrose, Massachusetts, may be mentioned. Mr. Dixon has ventured to discus, various que-. tions relating to the origin of domestic races and h .^ stdves one in a very summary manner by the theory that those domestic animals (and few would be ex- cluded from this grasping generali^ati-n) wlu-h ..ui- not be readilv referred to wild forms aro tb. d-.^eond- extended one on ventilation, especially as regarus ine not bereauu^ le......^ ^-^ - virb-tios heilth and food of animals, various tables are given of .,„t,s of species now extinct ; ^^ mi--i - • « the constituents of food and its money value and bearing ' ^,, i„qieved to have been at all times as a .tim i . upon the fattening of animals; and the influence of heat a,,^. ^ow are ; but we are m.t aware that th^ author and cold in connexion with food is satisfactorily ex- plained. Another important addition entitled American U we making, particularly as it is made at Cincinnati, where possesses a suUicienl kn.^sM'A- of t.-lnucal /.oology to make hint a compoOnt judge in these riuost.on. which are now vn.d.r investigation hv Or. bamucl making, particularly as it is made at Cincinnati, where : ^ ^^^^^^^^^^ ^_^ , ^,_^ j,^^ j„i,^ jjachman. Ho Mr. Longworth manufactures it so successfully that it | " j^ necessary to give scientific names, ...• liV. iVsn '\\ac^ TnT*01(Tn VAU«.i. i.i\rv , , , « il,— can be brought into competition with the best foreign winea. his champagne being worth from twelve to fourteen dollars a dozen. This wine is called* Sparkling Catawba,' Vol. I.-— B. dues not think it necessary to give scientific names, and ^hen ho does, the adjective ortnval par of the name is improperly wtLttca witk a capital letter. n ►. - 'J/,^ l,\^> A'L'.\i* 18 FARM JOURNAL. April, COCHIN CHINA. Impoited by Geo. Burxhay. Melrose. Mo'^t ornlrlu»L>-ists ivnT tlio -rcator j.art of domostic fowls to the wild Javanese Gauxs banktva, ^^liirli isc!>nsid'n'dtlKM,riKinal of lirLsson'^ ( J. dume.tica, of whi.h the Mack-footed is preferred t.> the ye low- Iboted kind ; G. ( ri^tatis ; ( J. pus.ltxs; G. banticus, the hantam... hanU,; and G. ^y^^^^^^;!;^;' ^1^ ;^^ GATxrs soNKKVTii, a%viM Kast Indian species was supposed to be the ori<;inal of the domcbtic latCMUi ill Temminck investirat(Ml ih*,' sul.j.nt. This species has the habits of the domestic kinds Galixs gi(;anteus (the knlm or./a./o) is snnposed to be the original of what are named ];^'^Jr;)\^l E n-llMh and In Frrneh c.oq russe (althou-h this is not a Russian variety) coq de Caux, coq de UuioiuW a dua,) coq de Uhodes. und coq dc Perse (Persia). AVe quote these nam.;s, (whieh are not given by Jhxo r>rowne, &c.) to enal.U^ surh ..four readers as are interested to consult]' nmch works upon l';%^;,^^'J^:: .^l fact it fredui'iitlv liai.iu'ns thiit .lifficultios arise in tracin- dnmestic animaN, variHios of truit, »^e. liomon , country to aiu.tl.er, h'H'auso sufficient attention is n-t always paid to -."t the names under which cuiu-v ponding varieties are known. _^______ GUELDERLANDS. Bred by II. L. Devereux. Dedham. Callus morio is an East India black cock once supposed to be from Mozambique. It is common in Gcr- l8r)l. FARM JOURNAT. :i9 W III T E S IT \ N G IT A E S . Eden Wri'iht. P-vlham, Ma?s., from -Siock Impoitod 1850. many, and is by -omo rt^f 'rnnl t.» tlu^ ordinary domes- tic spocies. G. jAroNins (or C lanahs) is found ill China, Japan, and Nrw (uiin-a; T,. deneus is fVnin Smiiatra; (I. cRi^rrs has {Vl///.l.-d n'athprs^ and iMi.!"- from th(^ warm part> of Asia. tlo< s n.'i \v«lli'n- (lure a coM climate ; G. rrRCATis is fr(»m .hiva and will render It an attractive volume t'.> the gen-jral reader. ^Ve arc enal'l'Ml, tlirou-h tln^ politeness of the ].ub- lishcrs, to present our readers with several copies of the fi'iurrs whirli i!lu>trate the volume, ]»ut as thr ri,L;iiialsare printed as s.-j.arate plates, th(y pr.;.v.at (turc n cold climate" \i. Fi RC ati s is iroui .»ii\,v inm , ■ - aurc a coiu ciimau , v.. n k j ^^ ^.^^^^^_ appearance than our impresMoiis Sumatra ; and the rumpless (i. ECAroATLS or bunty, __ . -_ . y-«.i> I1 1 Ilk Chickens and the Curculio. \. (^1. Sumner of llavcn.scroft, Si>utii Carimna, In iiibahits the forests and i)lains of G(y lv)n. Amoiv'' tlie various hreeds of chickens the ShaniX- . . . i r n • .,« n^ interestiii'^ c..mmuiucati()n. ^ives th.^ lullowm- as hne(thelast svUableofthis wordispr.^iounee.l/Ny//) '^^; '"^ '^ \ - .f^..^ t, ..r.,;,, -ho ' " ' I, i< method (.{ ■uardinL' his hue truit troc^ a.i;ain-t tlie i>^ eonsidcMHul the best on manv acccunts, tr<_ (,f a large si/.e, with tender tlesh. The liev. Mr. Rumstead, of lvoxb«ir(»ugh, one of I'r. Kerr's correv:pMndeiits, says: — "I hazard nothing in f^avincr that if the farmers of Pcnn-vlvania knew the W(trth \S th"se f((W farmers of Pcnn^vlvan.a knew the ^|,,. .^^^ Jj,, ,.f 0,! e^rculio, there is nn rem-dy L.if W(»rtii a hw aen-^^ ot than five timt^sthat number of ordinary hens will do these delicate treses clear of iJirir en. nn---. A ♦le -k nt .. 1 j-,.i ;.. ,,,.f *,^n nmnv! 1 find tici 11 a val ua ^!e 111 (>n<' year Mo^t ornithologists refer th«^ domestic goose to the Wild An,-f.r iwnsTiii^, which breeds in Europe, and is known in England as the grey lag, a name adopt- ed hy Pi-nnant and Montagu, and although these au- thors state that the legs are tlesh colored, Mr. Diion adopts the name of '* greydegged goose." This book may be safely recommended to those "who arc interested in poultry, wliilst its fine illustra a'hnndred i^ not too many: 1 find tliein a vajuable auviliarv in iManurin- a^ I consehr dnmestic h.H 7»/«»o,properlv tempered down, a goed manure „,r trees the second vear of their growth m llie ..re, :.;d. I have now twenty barrels gathered tVem ah^nt >e^... hundred and tiftv fowls since Septemher last. My mode is to have the hendiouse carefully scraped np once a week and packed with the underlying earth .11 old lime barrels, covered with a top layer ot gypsum. It is practicable to save this poweiful manure in the winter; but as I make my fowls resort to natures hendiouses-thetrees— in summer, the greater por- tions, mechanical execution, and useful information, tion is wasted or washed away by Uie rain*. . 20 FARM JOUrxNAL. Apt^tl, IWI. FATIM JOURNAL. 21 5rrap5 for tl)c f)OU5cl)ollJ Ittatron. Egg Pone.— Three ocr^s, a quart of corn flour, a CiiEAi' Oil for Kitchex Lami-s. — Let ;ill scrapj^r.f fat bits left on the dinner |)lates, and all drippincr^l^,. set in a cold phiec. Put the fat in an iron pot, filling it half-way up >vitli fat; an any other paint. I>y the addition of any coloriii-' matter, you may make it suit your fimcy. It must bei'Ut on with a paint brush, and when dry, a scouml coat should be given. The quantity numrJ, is sutii- cient fur twenty-five square yards. ^Moulded Barlev: — G oz. of pearl l)arley, o| pints di dainties, and may have died in some instan- | of water, and sugar. Steep the luirh^y for an hour; drain it, and pour the water boiling u]Mm it, let it stew (juickly in the oven in an earthenware jar, cov- ered, until jterfectly soft, and all the water is aljsorh- ed. AN'hen about lialf enough, adain caused by colds. And how infinit(dy ])etter is this method of breaking up colds, than medicines, especially, than violent poisons. Barley Sour. — 3 oz. of barley; 1} oz. of stide l)read crumbs ; salt, and parsh^v. Wash and steep the barley for 12 hours, in J pint of water to which a piece of carbonate of soda (the size of apiNi) has been added ; then |K)ur off the water not absorbed, and add the crumbs (d' stale bread, ,'] (juarts of l)oiling water, and the salt. Pigest these in a salt-glazed covered jar, in the oven or (boil them slowdy in a w^ell-tinned covered pan,) for from 2 to 4 hours, adding tlie chop- ped parsley and a little ])(q>per, 30 minutes before the expiration of the time for boilln Beef Tea. — Cut a pound of lean beef into thin slices, put it into three pints of cold water, set it over a <^entle fire where it may become gradually warm. let it be well skimed, cover the saucepan (dose, and boil gently f )r two hours ; strain it and let it stand te settle, and then |)our it off clean, (hie oinon, a fcW peppercorns, and a little salt, may bo added if re- quired. MiTTON Broth. — Put into a two-quart saucepan one p(mnd of mutton chops, cleared from fat, one onion, a few corns of black pepper, and three pint-^_ of coM water; let it warm gradually: when it l)oils, skim it, cover tlie pan (dosf^ and set it over a gt^ntle fire till the (d)<<]»s are co,»ked, whicli will be (if th«' meat is not too fresh,) in three-quarters of an hour. Barley "Water. — 1 oz. of pearl barley and 2 ])ints of wat«r. Boil the barley in the water till it is re- duced t^ 1 pint; then strain, and sweeten, flavoring •with the essence of lemon, rind of lemon, raisins, or current jelly. Although the additions to the barley wat^r render it more agreeable, they, however, lessen its diluent properties. — Vegetarian Messenger, To MAKE PiQUH) (Ji.uE.— One (juartcr of a pound avoirdupois of shellac, dissidved in tliretMmnces apothe- caries' m^'asure of naj.tha; ]>ut the shellac into a wide-mouthed bottle, and pour the naptlia up(»n it; cork it up, and stir it with a piece of wir«} tAvo or three times during the first 36 hours. It can be made with- out any measurement, by adding shellac to naptha until it becomes of the consistency of cream. When the shellac is thoroughly dissolved in naptha,it forms a liquid glue always ready for use. Jniproncii Vrccli of tf attic. Short-Homed Cattle. l^rom tlie earliest periods the counties of Durham and York have been celebrated f ir their Short-horns, 1 lit jirinci pally, in the first instance on account of tlicir reputation as extraordinary milkers. In this particular, it may be asserted, that as a brec^l, they have never been equalled. But, while exe«dlent milkers, they were found to be slow feeders, and con- Kc-piently Kh)W fatteners, producing an inferi(/r meat, not marbled or mixed with fat and lean, and in some cases the lean was found of a particularly dark hue. To retain their extraordinary milking properties, and at the same time make good fatteners of them was an (d)ject hmg sought, and at length f )und. 'J'he Yorkshire cow, whi(di now almost extdusively r.cc\i])ies the London dairies, is an unanswi^rabh^ proof oi Liir pu.T.^ii'liiij ul uniting ttio two qualities lo a great d(^gree of perA^ctlon, hut not atthe Mtme time: — they succeed to each other, ami at the peri(Mls when ii .suits the convenience of th*' dairyman that they should. Years ago the Yorkshire cow was, cnmpar- e«l with other breeds, as great a favorite in the Lon- don market as at present. She yinerally milk<'rs, and crossing some of the old Yorkshires with him, — ]>ut still regarding the milking projM'rties (d' th<' dam, and the usual ten(lency to pos.-css these (pialities in the , }i''el 'i^'it' ^" ""•; ii inniv .i .i. > . i ones, but what they do yield i< of better quality: and whether the dairyman keeps th- in a tweKcmonth or l,,ii,r,>i- — ;i.iul this is g th-m for three or four years — as soon as he dries them, they fatten as raj»idly as the most celebrated of the high bred short-horns. -"^imji^^ THE Y 0 n K S IT T R E CO W. We give a fair specimen of one of these cows : the cliaracter of the ILdderness and the shi»rt-horn beau- tifullv mingling. A mihdi cow goo.l ff,r the pail as 1 'Ulz; as wanted, and then (juickly got into marketaldt^ Condition, sh(Uild have a h)i\g and rather small heaeginning of the sunnner, to yield o(> (juarts a day; there arc rare instances of their having ^Iven 36 quarts ; but the average may be estimatent a few phnn^-, taken from the tree in my yard in the early part ef September, 1S48, to Mr. J. A. Downing, e'litorof tho Horticulturist, a very valuable periodical puiilishcil in Albany, N. Y., in which may be h)undtlie follow- ing description, p. PJl, vol. 3 : — " It is a magniiiecnt fruit, averaging larger, we should jud^-e, than the Washington, and (juite distinct from all other ^ort^. It is a roundish oval fruit, measuring from six to sev- en mciies in i-irruiniomut; ; oi a ut r|> goiut-n \ oilow color, with a nuich longer stalk than the Washington. 'J'he flavor is, we think, not e(iual to that of the lat- ter fruit ; but as we h'arn that it is a nuich great'T bearer, its size and beauty will, no duubt, make it a popular variety.''' ToRAcro Dust. — As a protrcfion (ujain^t Inserts. — We last year procured from a snulf mill a barr(d of dry, but damaged snuff flour, and pn'pan^i druluni trees W(»re ])lanted before that time; but that they were still (juit(^ small, and had not borne !uiv fruit, lie said that (b'orge W'cin, }u'ocureds('me "^•rafts from the tree on (Icn. Hand's plaee, ami gave Mr. (jieorge Miller, the present clerk of the I^ancaster market, some of them. I called on Mr. Miller this afternoon, and he tohl mc that in 1810 or Lsll, Mr. CJeorge W'ein procured fthout a dozen grtifts from (mm). Hand, (who wa^ al- wavs very liberal to his neighbors in such matters,) ajid s that season. Mr. Wein was not so foiui- nat^. None of hi-; grew ; atid the following spring \w applied t<» Mr. Miller f u'^^rafts, but declin<'d ; giv- iu"' as a r<'ason tie' fact that he could not cut <»tf anv UTafts without spoilinir his tree, i^urin;; the second buiiimer tle-r- ' - ^ ' - "' i-:** —-i i.j...^^^,},,,^ t]iro\vn out, and Mr. Miller furnished Mr. >Vein with 1 lew of them; but he was e<[ually unfortunato in his seeojid attemj)t U) pro}>ogate them. That summer the parent trtM^ diecl to tin; ground, so that in 1S12 or ISPj, we find all that b.wutiful variety of fruit con- centrat' d in on.' little stalk, grown fVoni the lat.Tal bud on one of the grafts given to Mr. (ieo. Mlll'i by ^Ir. AVein. From that circumstance, they Wi'rc f )r a time, calle(l the " Milbr I'li/m," until >Ir. MilhT itbjected to that nam(\ and said that it was " (it n. HukVs )>hnn."^ From that time to the present they have been so called. Some years afterwards, Mr. Emanind W. rar]->en- tcr, i^rocured somecuttings from Mr. Milh-r, and suc- v'eed(Ml in ])ropa(2:ating them, and as he toM me, sent them t(t liis l>rother in Ohic), Mr. Simdair, in Balti- nior«', an(l others. Thus it aj>]>ears to me, that S(»me |»oinologists have impr(.q)erly given Baltimorti the (jredit (d' the nativity of this superb plum, w Inch ]»roperly belongs to Lancaster county, Pa. In l8.")l or IS.'l"), I procured one "(len. Hand plum tree" and a While JVunc tree from Mr. CarpcMiter, and plant- ••d them In my yard, and wdiich I afterwards paved. They both grew well and bore fruit pliMitifully, and 1 have distributeil many cuttings from both varietiis, as I consi.hr them \ery valuable fruit. The W hite I ruen ti'ce died a few vears siiuo, and as vet I have been unable to supplv its place with one of tie' ^;ime variety. 'Idie " d't/i. II'UkI ji/inn" tree is still (piite thrif'ty. and has always yielded a full crop of fruit. — When fully ripe,, the fruit is very mellow and juicy, from whhdi eireumstanee, they do not bear the sting jf insects wll. 1 have seen large plums dt-'cay ra- pidlv alter being wounded. So rapid, iutleed, was tlie nroirress of decay that by tln^ eml of tic set'ond diiy, aft'^r 1 (li-covereil the wound, the plum would 1"^ hair decaved. 1 think that fewer rotted last •^unimer than usual ; and more fruit ripeiKMl ))erf<^ct- ly : which may, ])erhaps, ]>i' owing to our having ;:athered the specked fruit every day and (» -ct. in tlietrround as to briiiLC till' ujtjier roots (tn a line \sitb the sur- fac(^ of the earth. I likeil the sugixestion much, and in settingout ainnnberof voun:j: pbim-'aiid jM-arh tre(\s, 1 adopted it. I have, however, >uil'ercd i:i-tat ly from tin* destrueti\e little grub which atta( k> tln^ ecdlaror root of j>each and jilum trees, and had trie(l various means which had occurre*! to me as remedied su(di as unslacked (»r ]>owdered lime, ashes, tobacco, hot lye, and ]>ot-ash — all 1 found to be inellielmt. — L'l^t Mav I irave mv trees a tliorouirh o\erdiauIin"'. or examination, and found an iie-alcula'dc numbi-r of the-;e ;j;rub-< at their v.'ork of ile^-iiaicii'Mi and (h-aili about the collar an-■' ad- mirabtv, so far. It is a-- I'ollows: I coinmenceil ]»\- remo\ iiiu; the earth from arouiid tiMj rout.-, >o a> L'.» I'.'iiu a \:iicitj rouh'i Luc U','.', and make a ba^in of a foot u\ width and four inehe-j t]t>i^p 1 then procur-'d a quantity of r"ck Vww', and -laek. \ il, reducing: i! to tic con-i-ti'ucv of \erv thick n, iiite wash, and after leitinLC it >tand in this state f)r a day I poured it into tlii-^ ba-in, C' impl''t.'ly tilliiej; up tho interstices alfUt the roots. In a ^hort tine' this lime was forned int" a liai'd (Tu-^t. which >•• r\ed not only as an etfe.-t ual /■'//• to the entrance ol the - laib duiing the whole season, but what i< almost e.|nallv inijtor- tant, I f >und la>t tall upon rianoviiiLr tlii< lini" from it^ be(l, that the v in renio\ingthe gnib<. were h'aled up, and in as '--ood anrmation is beforeyou, and if you think it will in any de"^r*'e piromote the interest of h<;rticul- ture, it is at your service. Wry r';s[M'etfuily your t»b*t ser\'t d. (.'. \V'rioiit. ScottvlUe, .M1>emarle Co., Va., l>-')<». A very g.'od hint, and one which may be amplified and improved on. — Kn. lloii. SvAPriNO Wood. — Wood which proves trouble- some by snapping on the fire, may be rendered harm- less by turning the stick with the heart inward, when all the snapping will be toward the back of the lire. brom the Hortioulturi>t.] liaising l-^iirly I'tas. The course prescribed by your corresjiondt ut lu th(^ March nniiil^. r. f..r -tartinV peas early, is certain- Iv a good oil". ;ind worthy of the adoj'tion of every b»ver*^ofpo rieh and liealti'ilul a vegetable. We havo hav.> tried aielher plan to elf'vt the xime r.-i;lts, whi^di, althoULditit may be no b-i ter. W" have no hes- itancv in commendir.L' to at least a trial. In the first place' we di;^ a trench where we nts, utter- ly destroys all weeds which may be starting from the lirinure and prevents the heat and dryness of the | soil wliich is inrident to placing hot anNhich we have found in our case to be a very good one and leave for others to adopt or reject as they choose. Yours truly, >V m. i>a.u.>. [From the llorticidturist.] Plantine; Strawberry Ileds. If you wish the largest and finrst fruit, you must make the mil derp and rlrh. The best manure for tlie strawberry, is either Poudrette, (we can recom- mend that of' the Lodi Manufacturing to., |Ne\v York ) or decomposed stalde manure. If you have these' trench the soil two feeet deep, mixing in ve- ry liberal dressings of either of these manures, throuring. In this way— digging in a top-dressing of spent manure or poudrettc betwiM-n the rows ev(>ry s])ring, your strawberry beds may be k^j-t in good enndilioii for four years — at the end of which tinui they must "be abandoned, and new ones planted to take their Tilace. If however, you do not wish the trouble of culti- vating the plants so carefully, then plant them in the same way, and allow the runners to cover and occu- py the whole bed. This they will do the same sea- Bon, and the next year wil, give you an abundant crop— the fruit not so large as in the first case, but ])erha])s rnther more in fjuantity. Ibit tin' hcd wlU only last one year, and y(/u must make a new one every spring, to supply the [)lace of the old one. As to sorts, if you are to plant but three, let tlicm be Large Karly Scarlet, IJurr's New Pine, and II(>- vey's Seedling. If four, add Rival Hudson ; if five, Svvainstone Seedling. There are many other good sorts, but this selection Avill probably ])rovo most val- uable to you. The WhUe-wood is a nic(\ delicate, small frui't, and bears a long time, and is a pn-tty contrast in a dish of red strawberries. ^Ifivicnltural iHccting. Lancaster County Agricultural Society. We present the following synopsis of the proccid- ino-s of this Society, at its last meeting at the Mo- chanics' Institute, in Lancaster city, on the loth >jf March, 1851. Tr^jT-] A j^ Ilti'''^'^'^ ^hfiir?"!'''^'^ ^^^ flio ^^"''"^ation from the Society to the State (Convention, rend a re- port rr. Fili Parry, was appointed to take into coiisil. INIr. Kaughman, moved the ajtpointnient of a c'ur.- mittee to ascertain wliat inducements h(dd out hy th'^ citi/ens of iiancaster, were re((uisite to procure the h(dxt. d<>iin Baughman, d. 15. (iarber, and d. H. Hershey, cem- ]H)se the committee, with powers to act in the ]H'ciui- ses as they may deem expedient. An informal discussion was then had by th(^ mem- bers, on the subject of Guano, as a fertilizer, and th-^ mode of its application, during which some iiUercsi- ing facts were elicited. The following preamble and resolutions were uf- fered, and unanimously adopted : ^yh€rcas, It has been represented to this Society, that our fellow citizen, A. M. Spangler, eontcm[>lat>' issuing a Monthly Agricultural dournal at Lancaster, to 1)0 cJiUcfl the ''' J*cnmi/h'ani(i Farm Jourmd." And Whrrf>fs\ It is the opinion of this S(»ciety that a Journal of this character, issued from the Agricul- tural County of Lancaster, would excite increased m- fpiiry, and attract in a greater degree pul)lic atten- tion to the cause of Agriculture in our own countv and elsewhere ; and as no exclusively Agriculturn; paper or Journal is now |)ublished in Pennsylvania, riiereforo, Hcsolred, That this Society hereby urge upon M •• Spangler, the execution of his contemj.lated enter- prise, as one in cmr opini(.n much needed in Pennsyl- vania, and iM'lieving that it will a.lvance the cause ot Agriculture liere and throu,i;h.ait the entire State, I h(Teby cordiallv recommend the proposed ''Farm Journal" to tho'supp-M-l <.f the members of this Soci- ety, and citizens generally of the county. . \Some fine specimen of American and English pM ' pin apples were then presented by J. II. Hershey, ''^ West Ilempfield township, for which he received th»^ thanks of the Society. . , ^ JACOB FRANTZ, President. D. W. Patterson, Secretary. 1851. FARM JOURNAL. lio THE FAKM JOUKNAL OUR TL:UM.S— HKAD TIIOII \i\ order that the Farm Journal may be j. laced within the reach of every one who feels intereste<1 in the progress of Agriculture, we ask attention to the f .liowing terms : — - Sinj^le Copies, - $1 GO Per Annum. I^ive ** - - 4 <)0 ** ** Ten " - "7 50 »• " Twenty " - - 15 ublisher, //re of postage. — Particular attention is asked to this fact, as it will fave expense both to subscribers and publisher. Our Terms are casu in advance. The exceedingly low rate at which the Journal is furnished renders this imperative. Subscriptions may be sent at our risk, and money n^iar where subscribers reside, will be taken. Where the sum to be sent is large we pre. fer that a draft should be procured, if possible. Subscribers and Post Masters are invited to act as Agents. A receipt will always be sent with the first Dumber of the copy subscribed for. All letters must be addressed, post paid, to the pub- lisher. A. M. SPANGLER, ' Lancaster, Pa. Specimen Numbers. We shall send coyiles of the first number wf The Farm Journal, to such persons as we are bMi to be- lieve feel desirous of subscribing themselves, or of prevailing upon their friends and neighbors to do so. A very little effort on their part, will secure a great many Ru])scri])ers ; and we earnestly request that they will aid us in extending our circulation to every por- tion of the State. The terms arc^ so favora})le, that an hour's effort, rightly put forth, will secure a Iiand- some club list, and at the same time a fair remunera- tion to the person getting it up. Postage. Letters enclosing original Communications may be Bent at our expense. All other Letters must be post PAID. We are compelled to require this, as our Post- age Bill has already become onerous. Vol. I. — c. A Few Facts for the People. The complete failure of every previ«ms attempt to establish in Pennsylvania, a successful Agricultural paper led us to ponder long and well l)efore engaging in the publication of The Farm Journal. ^\ •■ care- full v investigated xXio causes wliich led to the failuio tif eV'TV similar attempt — we strove to ascertain tin? correct sentiments of the friends of Agriculture ou the subject — ^we took counsel with kind friends whose opinions we vahn^d. and after patient and jMTsevering inquiry were led to believe that the day had arrived irhen Pennsylvania would support an Ajricultural Journal of her oicn. Under this impression, we issued our Prospectus, an«l through the kindness of the menibtrs of both branches of the Legislature, wt^eenalded to circulate it extensively in every portion of the State. The re- sult wa^ all we eould hav(^ desired, and nioretlian wo auiieipiiLeO. KlUO linno.-' .^piiui^ up m. rs> i^> «ju.»i- ter — encouraging letters flowed in upon us — clul) listsi were f)rni(Ml and f«>rware, "With such encouragement wo could no Ltnger hes- itate. The diffiiMilties in the way hav.- beon removed, and with a confident spirit we nffrr the fir>t nunibi^r of TllK FAKM JOl'llXAL to the People of Pennsylvania, and ask f -r it a gener- ous suj^port. We aj»]M>:il to Pmnsylvania State Pride for encouragement, ^^'e ask that the apathy hitherto manifested in regard to our own Journals, may bo removed, and that our farmers and frieoauso it is clearly apparent, that u)>on a eomplian.'C with this request, dcj^ends entirely, tie- succ '^h of our pa- per. If our writ(>rs will assist us iK'thing shall 1)0 left undone on eur part, to render the .bairnal worthy the confidence of th.^ People of the CMmnion wealth, whoso great leading interests it is intended fiithfully to represent. In confirmation of this, we ref^ with pride to the appearance of our first numb«T. Th^3 arrangement of the articles, it is true, is not such aa was intended ; the late hour at which several commu- nications were received, having interfered with our plans. In subsequent numbers this difl&culty will b« 26 FAinr JOURNAL. A I 'HIT. 1851. FAKM JOT'KN AL. 27 obviated, and every article will Lo found under its appropriate head. In the various departments of Ifortlculturo, Agri- cultural Chemistry, Geology, Botany, Sec, some of our most distinguished men liavo kimlly tendered their services, so that all these important l)ranches will be conducted with ability. In view of these facts, shall The Farm Journal be BU8tainr shall its fate bo that of every other Ag- ricultural -Journal attempted to be established in Pennsylvania? For the honor of (»ur noble O(»mnion- wealth, and for the sake of Agriculture, we ask that it mtiy be sui»ported and that one and all will lend a helping hand. Proceedings of County Societies. The Corresponding Seer(!tarles of the difTtTent County Agricultural Soei<'ties in the State, \vill con- fer a favor by furnishing us with any matters of in- terest and importance, that may be transmitted from time to time. AVe feel desirous ring manner in whieh they liavc noticed our eonh mplaied enterprise. Wo will ele'erfully reeiproeate whenever an occasion olVers. We are indebted to C. M. Saxtox, Agrieidtur:il Book Publisher, N'o. 12;'. Fulton street, New York, for a inimber of line \olunies, and other iavors. The books will be nuticeavid Fandr(3th's garden seeds, with (lerniaii and Fhiglish catalogues, are to be had at No. 05 Che.s- nut htrcet. Fhlladel;»hia. Tlic Beauty of the 'rmr Vn^r^v of tlic ('o\rr of th(^ I'arin .loiirital. As some of our contributors may feel desirous of knowing where they can have fin<^ w.hmI (-ots (^xeiMi- ted on moderate terms, we take pleasure in referring them to Messrs. Scatteroooo i^ Uowkif,. hejiiirer Buildings, South 3d street, Philadelpliia. riie ixau- tiful Engravings on the Cover of the Journal, a^ well as the Heading of our first page, wore both designed and executed by these gentlemen. To Corrcsponth'uts. S. G. of Columbia, will find his inrpiiries about the Paine light answered. Tiie value of the opinion in its favor, by another eye-witness, Mr. Elizur Wright, an editor of Boston, must depend upon the value of his opinions upon other subjects ; and it may possi- bly be found that he is as familiar with galvanism as •with any other subject of study. Manuring. All applications of maiuire, which do not look to th.e permanent improvenuMit of the soil, but mer^lv to the growth of a single crop, are wasteful. It should be the policy of all agriculturists, in a]'plyinir niaTnir(\ to so c<'nci:ntrate their efibrts, as that eacli tiehl .shouLl reeeiv(» such a dressing, with the aid of lime, marl, or allies, \vhen euilcariM)us matter mav be needed, as would not only carry it through a coursi- of I'otation, but leav(> tlie land at the end (tf su<'h rotation in an imi>ro\ inir ct inat riMhieticn of lal)or, and improve the ability of pro]»rietoi',s to carry on anuee('ed)ng line, to suppK lie jdace of the a]i>traeo d |i<'rii(.n ot' the nu- tiieiit juinciples aflbrded ]*\" the manure apj)li'M| pre- viously. And it m:iy be wtdl In-re to impr(\e facts upon our readers: — liime, marl, (»r ashes, nuist lie at the r)undation (»f every improvement of the soil hndcing to [termaneiH'y ; -Fverv soil rcfjuires mmdil t > make it ]»rnducti\e, as willuait the presence of niouM, or the materials Ibr its foianation, the ef- fects of linn\ m.iil. and a-Ii< s. must ]»e * ircumseribed as neither Ctmtains the principles df nuliili\e ma- mire, whit h we maintain ar(* (^ss(>ntial to tlie p(>rfee- tion (d" (\erv plant i;rown by nuin : — Tlie food of plants mu-t consist of or(jani(\ as wtdl as inor. ing to thorn direct food — food of a nature adapted to th'dr wants, as the water would de(i»nij)os<' tli" air»- iieoila rr-ard totlif«a,-tiouol .., ,;i I r (o the ni I, it ^n"uld lie mi\e< with oiie-t^iur'h I'a — cont;unin<'" as it does, in a state to he a\ail''0 nt. wiM'dit of idaster. and i'i>v everv b*< - vents all r(^ultin:r iniurv, and cn.^ures bcneli: tu tii'.) growing plants. ^\' here a wheat erop is to f'.llow the t"bac'''-, we wi.uld, bv all means broadca-t ar.d pl"U;ih the ^^n .(k, tliem^'idves of anv food which may be in tlu^ ground, in. If treated to planter and jd^u-led in. wc UuMi no nnitter how goecl and <-ongenial it may be, until ie> rpiestion but that the ^eed ejt'ects of the guano that f":rd. throu-'h the agencv of water, be re(luce(l to wmuM 1 :• \i>^ilde during the ordinary pviivd '.d' a iota- a liouid, or gaseous form, as it is one or the other (d' tion. — Aifi'.j'i< an I'lrun.r these forms wdiich inniarts to the rootlets of }dants those substan.ces wdiich jdants need, whieh -uidi land i- mostly deiieient in, Jkud without a supply of whitdi, tliey cannot grow in luxuriance and perfection, 'idie non-action uf the guano upon all the kinds id" \eget- aldes, with the exception of one to whitdi he applied it, arose no doubt from the cause as^igneiiii. 1 1,383, l^J p"und< '>t lauter. Tlie a\e;it "J" e'in< jier pound, mixed Avith Plaster, to //.r and }>revent tlie escape ami 'JdnMumuy \alue theaeioro ot this single pro(hiet is waste of its animoniacal constitin!it->. iiefon; being over two millions and a cpiarter of dollars, t^S2,ll70,- used, 25 11)S. (d' Piaster shouM !<• mix'-d with !>very boG.) A gooted with a large body (d" I his svst^iu d -li.'riening-m. a> i: i- eail' 'I, is gam- in -• "j-iaind. and it i- a ;:re,it inipr o enient. d'he roa- Sens I'or this mode .d" pruniii'j; ai"-' e\ ideut on exanoe- atiou, M'Kt kind"- id" the lim'os. In this way a iiionld as above, we would use it thus — after mixing tree spreads o\er nnndi land, and nak-d br an iMa til' gmino with plastcM", we waaild strew the mixture near tlie trunk : and prunin- at the tiamk can-- ii.e ■n the bottom \' ^o of woo'l's-mould. or oih r kindr-'d ^ubstanee, and up\ either id' these and remains long(«r good. The safer plan is to lay it into ideutv of c.dd water over niglit. The tollow- laodes the vines would drive all the bemdit from the ' ;,, .. ,i ,v soak it for an h«tur or more m v.arm water, virtues of the guant*. wiiliout any injury. 'I'li'' N'da- ^ asb i"t de}icatI. y. Spang LER, (Jeo. Bergner, II. Miner, J. R. Shryock, II. M. Kawlins, A. L. War field, and of Booksellers eon may be had at the following Fhihulelphia, South 3d St. IMiiladelphia, Chesnut St. Seedsman, Chesnut St. Seedsman, Chesnut St. VM] Market St. Lancaster Fa. Columl)ia Fa. Harris] )urg Fa. Fittsburt: Fa. Chamber>burg Fa. Carlisle Fa. York Fa. erallv. Contents of the April No. Editor's Address, - • - To CoiTCspondents, - - • II. M. Faine's light, Obituary, - - - Virginia, - - - - Hints to Agricultiiral Writers, - On Agricultural Journals, - - - On rormanent Pastures and breaking up of old Grass Lands, - • • - Corn Planting, - • • rennsylvania Farmer?, - • • l-'iduoation, _ . - - l^cnn'a State Agricultural Society, Agriculture and Geology, - - - Iinportanee of Vfutilation, (S:c., - • Agricultural w^chools in Europe, Michigan Double Plough, - • Notices of New Publications, Chickens and the Curculio, Scraps for the Household Matron, Tobacco Dust, . - - The General Han about it t^et the hrst ; thit Dictionary h NOAH WEBSTER'8, tho grtat work ahriJ->-d. It yon arc too poor, save the amount from off your back, t<> put >' into your head. — P/irrno/o;;,', Jouinnl. Dr. Webster'fl groat M'ork is tho best Dictunary of tho KngU^^n laujfuagi*. London Morning Ch} onirlf. This volumo must find its way into all our public and good pri- rate libraries, for it provides the Knglish student with a niasa ol thn ni(v<*t valuable information, which ho in vain seeks lor c\iC- V(hvri\ — London 1.1 tnary (iarelte. The Tory largo ami inrreaning demand for thi.^ work, afforda tho be$t possible evidmrt to the putili-^hers that it is highly ''acceptable to th« great bcdy of Die Ameriean people." Containing threr times tho amount of matter of any otbor F.n- gllsh Dictionary compiled iu this country, or any Abridgment oi this work. rubliehod by G & C. MERRIAM, Springflold. Masfl, and for sale by W. U. SPANQLER, LaucMter, Pft. April, isrA. FARM JOrRXAL. 0( « GilniorcN Bec-IIIvc, &c. ri^IIK ntteutiuu of lice culturiata U iu\ilylvauia Farm Journal" is the A^'ent of (Jilmore's System of Hiving and Feeding the IJee in tlii^ '"^l'^^'' The prieo of a liivc and Fixtures, f'-\xiu '• " Family lligbt, 3:*A) Town.^hip Rights from $10 tu $20. County •• " $:ii) '■ $-2(n). '• A Talk about the Honey Bee.'' a defence of (Jilmore'p sys- tem, contains, also, testimonial.^, awards of I'remiums to (iilinore. from the leading Fairs and Institute.s in this Country ; 1"- cculs si?i'.:le; $1.0U per dozen — gratis to putrous. Circulars sent to auy applicaut. Addresf, post pai.l. J. 13. .NJAVNARD, April— tf Laneasti-r. I'a. may apply it in variouM dinoases. even those not curable by fany other meanrt There is no pyftem so simple, harmless and uuivt-r- sally aiiplicable, as the \V;iter-( ure Its eff. rt-< are almo.st inir»<-- ulous, and it has already been the means of saving the lives ui thousands who were entirely beyond the r>ach of all other known remedicH. 'i'uK. riiii.osornY or H>:ALrn will be fully di-^russed, iiK-lurliDg Food. Drinks, Clothing, Air, and h.xercise, showing their • lb et.'^ on both body an 1 mind. Terms in .idmnrt : Single copy, one year, ^1 U'' , Ten copic*, one year. f.70. N. B — Please addres.s all letters, ]. s0^ VVS^^- I.MFvlRTANT TO FARMERS And Thie!^liinf2r Machine Makers. rpriK subscriber respectfully bt gs leave to inform the public » . - , , . , .. . , Jk- Lij.iLii<ii.ti_) jMii«. I'MWer. which in point of strength, durability, lightness of draught and coiiveuience iu moving is nut surpa.-sni or eijuulltd by any Maihiue in the United States; he al.-o confidi-atly altirms that no .^lllehitl(; ijf its>lrengt.h and durability can be alfordrd as low. — The invention of this Machine has been the result cif several years expcrieure and hard study. We d > not claim to have dis- covered aily applied than OU any other Machine. 'Ilii.- invention i,- secured by a caveat. These Machino.«i can be hid at I.-rael \V Oroffs Mrvchine Shop and at Prime ary to use so nniny. 1< rom 2 to 4 lb»rses are a suflic- i jut number for common threshing. We are about getting up (*ne inu(>h lighter for Shop purposes that will be tin- che)ipe,>.t an 1 most convenient thing in use; it might also be used with '2 or 3 Horses for threshiiiL'; the Powers and Cylin lers and Concave can bo had by the .Machine makers throughout the cmntry on tlie most rea-onable terms. tt%. .AH orders ilirt'cte I to tho subscriber at Lancaster city will lie thankfully received auJ promptly attended to. Laucr, April SA.MUEL PKLTON, Jr. IT JOHN H. SMITH'S RENOVATING OLMMEM & HORSE RENOVA'G POWDERS. ^^HK author of our existence has caused to grow up spontano- X ously, throughout the world, such vegetable properties as will at once euro, Mlien properly applied, all curable diseases. The proprietor of these truly valuable Medicines might fill a volume, with <'ertifieates and 'i'estimnuials in favor of his articles , but considering such pufTs wholly useless, sinec they are so readily Uianufaotured, and m i do use of to such an extent to palm o{T s- ine uselesf^ trash upon the public. 1 shall. lher<'fore, stat" at once, the various dihonses that oan be speeiJily cured by these Invahrible Horse Kenovating Powder--', viz :- (ilanders. Hid- bound, and Horse, Distemper. It also carries oil all gross humors, and purities the Mooil. It is also a safe and certain cure for the Heaves; it will also cleanse, at onco, the stomach and maw from bots.worm.^, &c. and again restore the stomach and bowels to healthy acti n. Smith's Kknovati.mj ()i»»tmk"*t is an invaluable renu'dy f )r hor- des, in the cure of tho folb.wing diseases ■ Kre.sh ^\■ounds. (Jnlls of all kinds. Sprains, Hruises, Ringbones. Poll P'.vil, Wind Crnlls. Kpavins, Sweeny, Fistula, Strains, Lameness, Fuuudtrcd Fott, Cracks, and Scratches. The above articles are to bo lind in mo.^it of tlio rjfles anil prin- cipal Villages throughout the I t)ited St |e^. and thoCanadas. For sale. whoU^salo and retail, at .John H Smith's Depot, No. 123 yulton street, (2tl floor.) New ^'ork. Price. 25 cents per box for the Ointment; r)0 cents for tho Hor.sc Renovating Powders. i<'or saU by DR fd.^' PA1{H\. April — 6mJ Kast King street. I.anca.ster, I'a. .VVK been di'-tributed throughout tho I'nion The concern ha.', been in succe<.-ful openiti'iii for upw.arda of .S.' r'y I'^uri, mill tiiM V V. ,. .;•. i.l f .1 1. •! V*' <'ri .« . . 11 !• will) t >!»■ ( if V i ■ t" I' h i ' ;i 1 1 1 1 tih i R, where it was at tii>t located. It lias be* n graoually enlnrgeii to meet the growing watils of the pulillc, and i:i n-'W, as it e'st-r ha.s been, the most exleii.si ve ot it ■- kind in this count ry. The grounr"] rietor are (with flight exrej.tion) of his uwn raiding, he is. con.se. |Uently. enabled to HI/' Warrant thtni, a matter i.t imp. rtuire t.i the purchaser of an articlo. tha quality ot wbuh eanni.t be detormined by tho eye. Doscriptivo Catal'gues in I-lnglish and <»erman grati> Ai.-o, for sale, Implements f..r F arm an.l < rnrden in lar^^e variety. I.A.N LiKK'l'liS Agricultural Waie House, April S-gn of the rioUj;h. 0.'> < he.>nut. >-t . Philadelphi."*. Tlie Phrenological Journal for 1851: Dr.Vul'Kl) 'iO Science, Literature and General !nt( Hi^ence. fT^O know ourselvoH is a matter vf tho first impoitanco. and therfl X is no means of obtaining such kn wledgo F" well .is by the aid «.f PHKF.N()I.<)(JV. >'.bieh forms the hadiuL' Tature . f the Journ.il Puviioi.Mi.v and HeMK F.i.i eirroN will make it luvaiu:^- ble as a guide to moibeis m the training of children. VocNo .\!k:< anxiou-t to pursue a virtuous and successful course will lind thi.s Journal a friend anl fo-ter father. M.\(;>KTHM AM.> PsvcHOLO(.v, with their interesting phonomcna, will be fully set forth. Tmk .Naurai. S( iK-^f vs. Art. Literature, Mechanism. Agricul- ture, and (ieUi'ral Intelligence, have each a sjde'udid clepartmeiil iu the present volume The .Mechanic, the Farmer, the Prfe.^sional Man. the Student, the Teacher, and the .Mother. ■niU find each number of the Jour- nal an irntructive and valuable companion. TKll.MS IN ADV.VNCK: Single ci'py, one year. >1 00; tea copies, one vear. >7 0 *. N. B. — Pfease a.idrt-s all Ictti r?. j-.-t pail, to KOWLKP.S ^ WKI.I..''. April - 3m No. 131 Nassau street. New York. TUe IValer-C'ure Journal for IS51: DF VOTK.l) PO Phyfuotofry, Hi^dri'pdthy and the Laws of Life. riMIE W \'PKK(U HI". JO! KNAL is published monthly, illustra- X te.i with engravings, exhibiting the Structure. Anatomy, and Phy«i.,i,,^y of the Human Body, with familiar instructions to learners. It is emphatically a Jo^R^Al. ok Hkaltii. adapted to «U classes, and is designed to be a complete FAMILY GLIDE iu all casoa and in all diseases. Htdropathat Trill be fully unfolJcd, and ao explaiuod that all The BK.^T andM<).NT \ \IA AIH.K igrrlcultural Implements & Maclilnerj i':xhibitcd at tho State Fair in l^.')'). will be seen by the award of Premiums below : AWARPF.1> TO K. WHITMAN. JR . 55 Light Street, lia/timnrr, bi/^ the Maryland State .■lij:ricn!tur(il Sacirfy, 41 their 3rd Annual Fair held in P, iltimore 231 Cith and 2oth OctidnT. IS.'O For the best Plo-v in the ri.>wing Match, the Prouty k. Mears No .^■' - - - - - * - _ - Fur tho best Plowing with Ox Team, s.imo plow, (Special Premium) - * For the best Plow on F.xhihition, Ruggles, Nourso, Mason & Co's No 3 1st rreinium, For the best Hallway Hurse-puwer, Whitman's Improred, 1st rremium, For the best Hay Press, 1st rremium, .... For the best t urnsheller, Ist Premium, ... - For the be.st Field Roller, 1st Premium, - - - - For the best Corn-Stalk Cutters and Orinder8,lat Premium, For the best Churns, 1st Premium, For th« best Hay and Manure Fork. Ist Premium, - For the betit Hay Rakes. 1st Premium, . . - - For the best Cultivator, Ibt Premium, .... April-It 40 0) 2 00 8 00 13 00 2.^ CO 4 00 8 00 6 00 4 (Si 2 00 2 00 400 30 FARM JOURNAL. Aprtt.j i8r,i FARM JOrRNAL. 91 iroolis for Fiiinicrs. CM. SAXTON. AUKICLLTLIJAL I5()()K rnU.TSTIFP.12r. , Fulton etreet, Now York. i>uT)li.-h(S tlu- t■ull(n\ill^' valuubic Vork^ vi/ : . , x- « I. The Complete Farmer and Ihirul Economist and Nrw Aimr- ican Gardener. By T. (J. Fessrudt n. In 1 volume, about TUu pages. clotTi gilt. :f>l '25. Mail Edition, l.UO. 2 Agiicultiiral ( htmiftry. A new edition. 15y J F W.Jolui- Eton. In 1 volume, rj mo., clotli pilt. 125. Mail etUtiou, 1 OU. 3. Johnston's KUments of A};rieultural ( hemistry. 5U ct.s. 4. John^;ton'B Truetieal Agriculture. 1 vulmu.-, cloth, 75 ets. _ 5. Bui.>;t"a Family Kitchen (iardcuer. Cloth. 75 eta. Mail edi- tion. 50. „ , , _,. G. lloale's Treatise on the Cultivation cf the (^rap- \ uie on Oi.en Walls. 5() ets. 7. t^lice]. iln^bi'.iidry. T5y II. S. Tlandall. 1.25. Mail edit ion, 1.00. 8 Stephens' Book of the I'arm — Complete. 4.00. 9 Browne's Auuiioaa Poultry Yard. lUth edition. 1;00 . Mail edition 75 ets. »* -i v*- 10. Aliens American Farm-Bouk. 1 vol 100. Mail e IttK.n. 7o c t "^ II. All' ii's Diseases of Domestic Animals. 1 volume. 75 cts.— Mail edition, 50 ets. 12. Cheinistry made easy for Farmers. I ajur. 2.' cts. 13 Soutlicrii Agriculture; or. Kssayson the Cultivation of C orn. Hemp. Tobacco. Wheat, ice l.OO. 14 Dana's pri/,e Fs. i.-i a ran' chance to make m-nt y. .\d.\. April— It] 1'23 Fulttm street, upstairs, New York. Seed aiKl Aj^^ilf ultural Wareliouse^ r.lU J/z/rA^/ Street, Philadelphia. ^ V. ofTiT to our fiien 1< and cu.4«'mers. the largest n-^'-ortment of Agrirult oral iinpleiiieuts. Cardeii tools, and See. I-, ever offered in tbi-^ Market, consisting in part of the I'Mllowing. viz — Prouty and Mears' Patent highest premium self-shar].. ning rioughs. right and left handed sid<' bill SubM il. rd" varii';o> i-\/.v^. of superior materials and workmanship, warranted to give satis faction, or the money returned— Four highest premiums awarded to these Ploughs at the New York Fair. l^'iO. Also. Be:i<]i and CarShnre Ploughs; Spain's imiiroyed I5arrlier may l-e removed from the in- side of the < iuirn by simply unscrewing the handle from the dasher, llay. Straw aiol « orn-^ta-k cutters, in great variely. among which may be found liuvey's superior preiuiinn ^Iraw-cut- ter, uf every size. Also. Horse-power Threshing Mant of grass, garden and Held seeds, all of which will be sold at the low- t-Ht possible prices, at 10 1 ' Market street. Philadeipliia. April 9-tf PKOITV X HMU'.iTT. AV lligliland I^ursericN, NcwburgU X. V. 1 \S.\CL k CO. heg leave to call the attention of D.-.'vj , and Vlanln-s of Trees, and tlH'jiublic in general, to llnir v- y large and complete stock of FBCIT AND ORNAM KNT.lI. TRKKS, which th(>y offer for sale the coming spring. The 1:'.' of these Nurseries are all grown on the jsremises. and propag a. 1 under the immediate supervision of Mr. Saul, whose long coim. <•- tion with this establishment, is some guarantee tor th<> accu/acy ot the stock now offered for ,-ale. It consists in jiart of over 20.000 Pear 'Frees. 5 to 8 feed higli. and embracing all the lea J- ingStaii'lard Varieties, as well as those recently introduced, ef mei-it. either of American er F'(»reign origin. 20 000 Apple Trees, of Kjtra sizr. 8 to 10 and 12 feet hiudi .R- cluding every variety worthy (d' cultivation. lOUOOPlum Tre«s, 5to 8 feet, of every kn(*wn kind (1 reputa- tion, as well a< all the novelties t 'li L i lit lit .-11 ,1 1 11' .1 mi V imiv' V, '» ci rit 111. S. ^ A large stv'ok of liand.M.mc. well grown trees, of Peach. ApncCv, Nectarine and (iuin«-< , 'v.\ every variety. Al-o. (irajc vine.s. Nafiv*- .and For.'ign; l'«asid.erries. Gooscbernes ant Currants Str.iwberry IMants and hlsculent Ro. and Ajiple on Parali'o jctocks— for I'yraiaids or Dwarfs tor garden culture, and embrace* all the kinds that succeed on those stocks. Deciduous and Evergreen Ornamental Trees and Shrubs. lOrfOOO Deciduous and K^•er,L'reen Ornam-idal Tree", emhrarinq all the well known kin Mnyh-, Native and Foreign; Flowering Peach. \i- mond\andCherrv: ( he.^nuts. Spanish and American; Pom una (oppor Beech; Jndas Tree. Larch, Cum Tree. Tulip '1 rce, U.-'IK;^ Orange. Panlownia, .M<.untaiii Ash. (American and Furopean) Magnolias of sorts, with many other things-including some - w varieties .d Slirubs. Vines, itce.. for which see Catalogue, a new ed- ition of which is just issued, aud will be forwarded to all post p.oa applicants. , ,, , ^, „,. 1 A hiru"' quantity of Arborvitu' for Screens, and Buckthorn ana Csatre f.r Hed.:e plant-J. . 1 1 on 'I'be above wid be soM on as liberal terms as similar st.M'k ran be purchased elgy. Natural Philosophy. Ueneral .Astron- omy and Fhysiology. on the basis of ' Historical and Miscellane- ous Questions,'' by Richmal Maugnal. Adopted to the use of American pchools. rubllshed and for sale by E. 8. JONES & CO., 8. W. corner of Fonrth and Race st.. Phdadelphi.a T^ B —Teachers and School CommiUccs furnished with copies for vxamiuation. Address, post paid. April -tf April lleiiiitsli's Geniiaii Cattle Powder, I^lllS Powder i< eelcbrntcd for the cure and prevention of all diseases towliicli ( attle. Mib li Cows. Slnepand Pigs are subje(t. and is the only prep- aration upon whicdi full conttilenre can be placed. For Mib h ( Ows it is of the irreatest impoitance. woiuler- rullv ill! reasing the quantity and ^^"'^fl^^"^ lU.ility of thr'ir milk, aiid will elhotually jirf vent and cure llcl- low Horn, Murrain. ,Vc. VEGiyrMUii: horsk r()wi)KR. »,^ A\bich will cure hist eni])(^r. Hidebound. Lofi? of ^ Ap|>etite. Founder, \tllow Water, Fewness (f ^'Avi- -xxtrfy Spirits. Inward Sprains, Intlamation and Heat in \ ^ H u ih«' System, and all other diseases to which llorsci >cY^-\\'\J are subject, , i C^ HORSK KMBROCATTON,— For the euro of k£££::^fcg»ftJ external injuries, as Wounds. Bruises, Cuts. Rub- bing of the Saddle. Collar or Harness, Stiffness in the Joiuli Swellings, Sweeny, &c. Prepared and sold at ^ CHARLKS A. HEINITSHVS, Medicinal. Drug and Cheoiicul Store, No. 13 Last King st., Ajml— tf ' Lancaster, i Tlie 4aeat Mievbcfly a- a spad-v" At Bo.-toii. bi-t season, this I'luw was awai.bd a (loi. Miimi and at every ( Cunty hair in ihe State of .New York, at which it V. .IS exhibited, the j'ropri't'.r nciivcda Vriintuin ^'.anulactured and for .sale by HKNKV ( ilFP.FIlT. lU HRi-'Ui u(.. Pa. All orders from a di.-tauce promptly altend.'d to. [.April- It $500 to $2,000 a Year. 1^ 10 » » A' r^ n T.'" I V^ IK IV 1000 A c; 1: \ r s w i \ T i: i> . IN all the States of the I'nion. to canvass for the following Im- portant and \'aluab!e Works, which are nold l>y subscription. We hav«« now about two hundnd .Agenl.s in thu field, many of them cbariiig Iroui two to right dollars tkr uay. It will be seen that th' y are all of :\ very pe>pu!ar aii'l desirable kind, and calcu- late.! to please almo-t every ta.•^le. For further {»art iculars aj.ply (postpaid) to th- jiublishers. i^FKUV .V MlhLKR. A ulnirn. N . V. As^rieiiltiiral ^Varelioiise & Seed Store, 1S'.» (intl I'tl Wattr Sfrrrt. ''pin^ ',': by far the mo <^f three l;iri:-e live-story storea. and contains a varie.i and compUde assortment <'f every de-:crip- tion of .Vgricultural and Horticultural Implements, and Fi' Id ami Ciarden See.ls re.[uired in the Cnited States. We have upward of One Hundred of the lati-st imj.roved kimU of Plows, ino-tly nmn- utactured by u.^. expressly for the different States of the Fnion, California and Or'-^'on. the British Provinces, the West India Islands. Mexico, and South .America. Al-o Harrows. Ufdh-rs. Seed Sowers. Cultivators. Ib.rs,. I'.,wers. Tlire^hers Corn Sbellers. Reai)- ing and Mowimr Maebities 11 . v. t "ot t on. 'I'obacco. Oil. no'l Pry (Juod Presses, Brick .Machine-,. Shovels. Si.a.les, Hose. Manure and Ilnv Forks. Jtc.&c. (;.:r,hn rm/./'VirriM.— These are imiiortcd by u^ direct fr.m th.- Ftiu'iish manuta<'turers. or mad' lore to (Uir or'br They consist of a great variety of th.' ihoiccst kinds such as rr-ncbini: and AYeeding Fork^. PrunioL' ami Hedge Shears. Flower and 'Pwig ( iitt'rs.'^A.c The ass'frtmcnt for ladies i>i particularly (dioiceand W'il -'dected I'ul.t ,n\d (i.ir>\fn .roved."every mw kind of seed suitable to be cultivated in the Cnited States. /•VjCiViccr*-. — Peruvian and Patngonian fiuaiio, Bonedu-t Poud- rette. Plaster of Paris, dj-c. Manu/n'lory of .li^rirnlturd ImpJi-mnir 'i . — ^V(i^ bav.^ a larg«» manufacturing establishment in tliis idty. where we will promptly m^ke to order any new article or impb-mcut re«iuired by the Far iner or Planter. Erolsior Sm.l P,ipn-.~\ new nnl vc-y superior kin'l of the didercnt numbers in use by .Maohini-ts, Cabinet Makers. Ac The ^.Imerican .■l^rirulturist a monthly publication of .1- pages. Price one dollar ;i year. A. 11. .VLFFN & C{) . April IsOanll'M Water-street. New York. IMPORTANT TO I'ariuers & Tlnesliins: Machine 3lakerH ^I'^HK sub-criber respectfully begs b'ave to inform the public JL th;it be has lately j^erb ct ed a m'W 'Pii Ri-sn fNii M\(Hivk. and IbjRsv; po\M !!. wliiidi lu p'dut of strciigtli. durability, liirbtne.ss of draft and convenience in movin};. is md surpassed or ei|uallcd by Hny macbin • in the Cnite,l States, He also confib ntly affirms 1 hat no maehin*' of its stren rib and durability c:\n be all'orded as b>w. The invention of this ma(diinr> has been the result of several y<»ars experien.''e and haril study. We do not claim to have dis- covered any new principle in pbilo~i>;i!iy. but wc do i laim to have discovered a plan bv whicii old phib)sopiiical principles arc nr>r»' p trrcctly and ad\ antagconaly applic'l than on any otln r m;ndiine. The invention is secured by a cav»'at. Tli'^e M.uhines can be had at Ismvi. W. (Jrukf's .Maehine S-mp. at retail or by wholesale, on the most rcasunalde terms. The Puwer weiu;bts hV-) pouuds. It i"? made entirely of Iron ^Ith steel journals, and is warranted to hold 8 horses, should it at sny time be neeessary to use so many From 2 to 4 arc a sufll- cient number for common threshing. \Ye are about getting up "ue much lighter for sht)p. purposes, that will be the cheapest and most convenient thing in use; it might also be u."kt lehes ot" Life m the Country; wilh tin- Popul.ir 1- 1- nients of jirut tiial and th'-'U-. I r,il Agriculture, and tv^< Ive hundred Laconics and .\ pat hej^'ins ri la- ting to .Morals, Regime and gem ral Literature; also ooo lleeiipt.s "11 Health. Cookery and nomestie h'.c'Uiomy; with lo tine iUn-fra- tions resjn cting the various .ve.nes attendant np'm farming, etc. By Jcdiu L. Blake, D. I>.. author uf • Liographical Idcliouary,'' '• Family F.ncyclopeilia. i^c. lb" pu'dishers respectfully annonm-e. that tiny have nnd< r- taketi the puldicalioti of tliis large and beaulit ul work, v* it h a V i' vv te. supply a ile-i deration thai li i^ boig b. . n bit - a bo.,k for K\KUv F^UMM'.'s FiMiiAKv; believinu' tliat the vn. r.iMe antln r lia-* produc' d a w'.rk th.it will b«- worth it") wei-bt in gold fo,\.ry farmeCs faiidly th.it lhorou_'hly jieiu-e it. It is prop, r to state that Dr. Blakei-ia pkaciu.vi. ^.iK.M^K.aod has reidaimed a.terile and Worn out piece (,f land into a v.ilu.a' b- and pr' Imdive f.irm — whicii experience. \* u h hi- u ell Uio.wn llualiticallon^ a- an author, pi^culiail^ fiL uuu i'< j'it ,<.»i< .i >> ; . ;. ..'";.. ; . The work contains l>;')4 pages, lar^'c octavo, witli a motto .sur- rounding each })agc — is printed on fine paper, and bound in sub- stantial imitation Turkey .Morocco, gilt ba< k I n\ ariable retail priee. sli.oo. Agents \s anted t > c.mvass for the above. FRO.ST'S PICTORIAL iTTTtoRV OFCALirORMA. The History of the State of Californi». frimi the earlicht period of her conjucst by the Sj.aniards. to her ac(iuisition by tlie Cnited Sl.itcs; with an account of the discovery of the immene (iold Mines, and the quantity of Uuld already obtaim d; the emrniom increa.se of population; a dcsrripti 1- .iiii.ng the Mines. Also, advice to Fmigrants. as to 1 be nw-t d< s.rable niitcs thither. 'Po wbieh i- added th«' <'onstituuou ot the State of Calitornia; with numerous illustrations, and a map of California and the (;old .Mines; in one octavo volume, OiO pages; bound in same style a.s Mexican War. Retail price, f-'J 00. *• I .Tni prepared I have end- avored to d' niv dn'y.'' THKLIFKOF ZACHARV TAVLOK, Late I'r.'-ldenl <'t the I nit - .1 St a t-s. iucl udi nu' tlie , dosing scenes of his life and death I'.yli Nloni^:' nnry f mb. lli-^b. d w ith a -tetd p'.rtrait and 1 •"> ill a- trat ion- , in one . |.;;.int oet,i-.o viinme, •Ji'.'5 page's, well |>!intid on line p.aper and bound in sub.- tunli.il morocco, j^ilt back. The liLxbtning^ may fla-h. the tbiin.bT.s piiy r ittli', He Insirs not. he iieeds not. h'-'s tree from .ill pain. H'' -b'.-p- hi- I i-t -b ep he b.M t'. u:^'bt his l.i-t bailie. No s .nnd can aw.ake hdii to u'l-ry a'/ain. re ihnn -tJ til) I copii s e.f the abo\r work have be, n sold by n». tb.e d inaiid i> nn.ibited It is alb'Wed by erii ;es to I,.' ; b.» t c.mpletean.ianth. nfic copy .dany of the wrks purporf.i.g to be a Lite ol the t. real .Man -t the X^re. K- lad prie,, ; - 1,0 \ COMPLFTK inST();iYO>THF WAR r.KTWKKN TUK UNrrED STATES AND MK.XKO, From the commencement of the battle?, to the ratification of tho Trcitv of Peace; containing a concise account of the splendid military achievements ami gloib-s victorie.s of the Ameriean Army unler .bnerals Ta>lor and Seott and t lo ,r gallan e-,:.- patriots in .arms. ANo. a com i.sc account ol tb.e m w H I -rado ihe (iidden Land of California, wbieh was annex' d l" ihe nit. d States by the tre.-ity <.f peace. Illu^tr.ited with Jt portrait.- ami battle ccene.s. and a «teel likeness of (Jen. ral 1 aybT. J'.v J; ••" »• Jenkins, author of - The Fife of S.las U right. [''I'jif"^';;}- e-.n (;encrals " elc etc Thc work is boun.l in elegant ar d sub- itanli^lm.t^^co SU back, and contains f.2.png^ A lino Map of Mexico and California accompanies each l>ook. , • n„ '' 12 000 copie.. of the above work have been sMd by us. chiefly in N Y State It i.^ pronounced by crict.cs as the only compb-te Lnd inuiarUal history of t he war extant. Sub.^cript.on pnce <2 oO. April SC ATTI^K(iJi-l.iiieiit, Inquirer Building, Third Street, below ChesHut si., PHILADELPHIA, Watf.R roi.oR DBAWi-ff:. Portraits. BL•lLl>I^.us, MACMi^rRY. XEwg- »..fi:k HKvns, Fab-. «.. Skai.s. S^r Drawn and Kugravcd in the Uest manner and on the m'^t reasonable TtrniB. Apriltf M an m 4 f • 'Smm^'^' 32 FAR^r JOURNAL. A PRTT.. Kew York Stale Agrieiiltiiiul Works. .-.--_ ^-./ lietlleiveil & Davison's Salts against Ciuaiio. A CHALLENGE ! ! ! TIIK doc\> intorcst now tulvoii by Al,?ricuU^lri^ts in nil doscrip- tiiiiis (»f in.inurc, would si-ciii to justity niiy »'X]HMlicnt, by which fair and unprejudiced expcriineuts may be made of tho t.i- rious dcscriptioMH ot uiauurt' at thi.s time attractiuK the iittrnli.ii of tlu- public. In vii'W of this, and the undcrsi;;ri; challenp;es unii'. tliat the Renovator compounded ljy Kettlewidl & Davismi, will produce upon any soil, the hirgest crop of wei^^hfd corn, without regard to the size of the stall<, provided the ['resident of theStato Agricultural Soci(dy will seh-ct some person, in liis judgment qualified, to superintend the experiment. The nature of the (J.il to be described, so that each party can direct the mode ot ai»iMl. cation; two l)arrels of the Salts to be used per acre, costing frt, and 300 Ib.s. of the (iuano. costing $7 20. the party making tho ('XjH'riment to receive tlu- manure tree ot cost. And the s;inie amount against any manure as a top dressing upon timothy (>r clover. JOH.N KKTrLKVTKLL. Agricultural ALachines and impicmcnis. WHKELKR. MELICK & (0., CONTINUE th< ir manufactory at the corner of Liberty and [ Hamilton stre.ts. ALIJAN V, where they are prepared to lill all orderis with despatch. OIIPKRS FOR Wheeler !^ Patent Bnihray, Chain Horse Powers, and Overshot Threshers and Stparators, will re- ceive their prompt attention. jg^a- The large and increasing demand for these Machines has induced the Proprietor? to er-rt a New .tu.I «ip:o i,,n« .MaTiufacto- rv and otherwise extend their means (^f promptly filling ordorP.— Their I'owers and Threshers have been s
. , c» %rn e reed Cutters, Clover Hullers, Circular Saw Mills,6(e. They will alBO furnish Horae Powers properly CJeeredfor driving rhurn., Elevating Grain, or "^her purposes ^"^.^[^"i"" ''"''"'" be applied WHEKLKR, MKLICK k. CO , April— 2t Corner of Hamilton and Liberty sts., Albany, N. Y. Kfttlewell ij- Davison again call the attention of Agriculturi.^ti to their variou.^ Chemical Manures— and in so doing, tliey wull be insensilile to common gratitude, if they failed to express thoir profound acknowledgments for the constant and increa.sing d<'- mand. which flows in upon them for their simple and compound ing as far south as South Carolina. They can give no stronger evidence of their faith in the vir- tu<'s of their manure, as the best known for a corn cmj,. than !!:•' tenders they make above ; and the cert ificates which they h.r- with i>resent. In the offer of a te.st, it is not the amount inv. Iv- ed. but the willingness to challeng«! result, that speak.-; their in- tegrity and cunlideuce. We could add any amount to the te.-iti- mony wei>uMi.de of u,>-ing boni'-du^t upon the alteii. tion of fannei-s, with great zeal and ability . Land negljg« commencement of the first thaw. Upon grass it should be sown broad-cast upiis. Some are predacious, livin;>; upon other ia.^ect.s ; some feediii;; upon decaying ani- mal matter, and others upon decaying vegetables, tliese acting as scavengers to remove offensive matter. r>ut the greater part live at the oxpons" of vo;„'.-ta- blcs, various specien attacking; every part, from the ro,)t to tho seed. It is chiefly ^vith the last that the farmer, gardener, and forester are concerned, and in Euro])t' the subject lias been deemed of sufficient important' to chU for national aid in making investigations and publishing histories of insects in their relations to man. It is sometimes difficult to tell what insects ar(^ hurtful and what beneficial, and in some cases a spe- cies which was tho destroyer of the real eiKMuy has been mistaken for tho cause of the mi^chii^f. Ev-n wli(m a destructive larva is seen, the perfect insect which comes from it may not »)e the species wlihli tho larva should have produced, because the natural enemies of some insert their eggs in the flesh of tlie l;itter, upon which their young feed. The attacked larva, Itefore it dies, is often able to form a imh'ooh, and from this tho parasite makes its appearance. — For these and similar reasons it is necessary to have pome knowledge of entomology t(. oiKilde us to guard against the insects likely to injure us. We intend to give an account of various In-^iects in a series of articles of which this is the first, andaltho tJie history of some of thi^m may i^oo]n to have no practical application, it must ])o rcmombercd tliat a knowledge of any species may throw light upon others, Hiid afford hints for their proper investigation. Most i:ver be a))lo to soc, wliilst tin' cnmnion- est Ani'^rican kinds art- unr"})rts''nt»'d. To roni<-(iy this defect, we have determined to give figurrs illiis- trativi' nf Aiii'Tlcan species and habits, taken from the speclm"ns thonisclvv^. Ei.\pniDio\ PLTATOR. — Tlils IS ix sMi.'ill cole(»j)ter (an InsfM't with tho tru^ wln'Z'^ g'^n'Tiillv pr*;t''M'tod by bard wing covers or c/y/raj of. I brnwn cilor, \\\\\\ pale scatter :'d spots. Tb.' :in- tenn.T ar-' as long as the b'"!y in the female, ;u\.\ longt'r in llir inalf. 'i'!ie lar\a ]i\i'> in tli'' small braiieli';.--. (gt-H'M-allv in the centro.) of o-ik, bivkory and rh"sinit, f.miing a llatt'-ni'd }).'rfcratl"n some Fig. 1. inchos in lengtb. T!i" lar- va is a S'.»ft whitish grtib, with stout bla^.'k jaws, and when it lia< attaln'MJ its full slz'» (about the end of sum- m m) it cuts the branch from the tree by a ti*anverse cut, leaving the bark 'Mttir'^. Th storms of the fall and tho winter cause tho branch to fall with Its tT>y- \ loudly to this, it Iia- nii ••]/ closed til" r!id <*f its perfora- tion with a phtg made of shreds uf wood and sufficient- ly (dose to exolude water. The annexed figure (2) re- presents a fragment of a branch of .-^lelliiark hickory whicli was probably cut off by a different species, at both ends, with a plug (h) in caeh. It is cut opon to exhibit th^ larva, which is represented at (a). It has the anterior end large, somewhat as in Fig. 2. the larva of liurRKSTia. This ymmmmmma 34 KDITOIUAL. FMav BK' i?*tr"«i''T— ^»'-t r/^. :'r*'*Twprar«~i.TK»**ifcne«i«' »7i9»r js."''-^!*' r ■*"•!«? MKiji'iicrr enlargement disappears just before it cliangeB tu lIiu pupa state, and most of the specimens arc found in this condition about the middle of Ajvrll in IN inisyl- Tania. The larva ha^ throe pair of minute feet which assists it in moving along its 1)urrow. The fragments of wood wdiich it iuhal/its are from two to four inches long and the part to which it con- fines itself when it closes the ends, is usually two or three inches in length. The plues ;iro usu;illy Ins(M-t- ed at the ends, altho' tlioy arc sometimes liaH'aii inch from them. Tlu3 fragments cut off vary In thickness -^i^^^^^^"^^^^^^^ from the fourth of an inch to an Inch, and figure 3 ex- hil)its an end view of a thick one. The mandibles'of Fig. 3. the imcvjo or jx'i-fect insect are snlliciently strong to en- able It to eat its way out of tlie prison it had constructed for itself. Oncideres cingui-atus. This insect w^as first de- ■cribed by Say in the Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, vol. 5 p. 272, lS2r), and Its liabits TTCre discovered by us and published In our ''Mate- rials towards a History (^f tli^ Cnlfoj.tcra Innglcornia ofthe United States;'' Am. Phil. Trans, vol. 10, p. 52, 1837. In our walks through the forest our attention was fre- quently drawn to the 1 tranch- es and main shoot (»f vonnt: hickory trees (caiiva alija) wliich ^\l•r(■ gii'dled with a deep notch In such a maimer as to induce an o'lserver to bel i eve that 1 1 u m ibj ect i n vie w was to kill the branch Ix^ynnd the notch; and extraordinary as it may ayipear, this is ac- tually the fact, and the opera- tor is aTi insect Avhose instinct was iTn]ilanted by the Al- mighty power Avhich crejited it, and under such cirtMim- stances that it could ivv r hav(^ IxM'u acquired as a ha- 1>it. The knowledge of gird- ling is \uiknown to th(! insect, whose life Is too short to perceive its effects and to foresee the necessities of its progeny during the succeeding season. This insect may be seen in Pennsylvania during the two last weeks in August and the first W(>ek in September feeding upon the bark of the ti^nder branches of the young liickorles. Both sexes are rather rare, particularly the male, which is rather gmaller than tlie female, but with linger antenn.T. The female makes pcrf>rations in the branches of tlio tree upon which she lives, which are from half an inch to less than a quarter of an inch thick, in TThich she dcpositcs hor cggsj she then proceeds to gnaw a groove of about a tenth of an inch wide an^l deep, around the branch, and below tlie place where the eggs are d-posited, so that the exterior {tortlon dies and the larva fe''i.] EDITORIAL 35 ir«v:'K'wb*««t-Y M decay to drop off, truncated branches like c, c?, are frequently to be met viih. This insect is more than lialf an inch long, and of a her with a basket of fruits, and the earth is represen- ted covered with flowers. The reverse is encircled by a wreath of fruits, flowers and foliage, with a centnd brown color, spotted with y lluwish, and \arl"d with Idank space f jr the inscription, which must of course ashy, a band of the latter crossing the niiddle of the elytra, the base and end of which are reddish brown. (Uiihling figures nvrrnriiKs AMruiATou in the Lin- !i. an 'i'ransactions, ^nL bi, ph .i", in the act of gird- ling a branch, hut lie did n^t discover the (d>ject of \ary according to the occasion, and the person to whom it is awarded. Kncouragcmtnt. Ahilo:? t every mail brings us encouraging commu- ,, T ,,• ,. . • I- / /' < 7 • ' iii'";itions from friends thn.iiL'hout the Statr*; an extract tiie ]>rocceding. 1 lis ligure is copied m //^^•c y .ircAi- , , , . . ■ ... , , .,<,, 1 U'eui ((n" of which We Ldvu below. "\\'i!]i sibdi friends ttcUi/'c, page ^iU. j ^ • ^ ^ „ j to su>tain us we go on trit. (In-jly ; filing cf.nlident Corn I'laiitiiig. i that the effort we are niakinL: to huild n]> a journal . I The fnlh.wing remarks vrere ]irej.ared as an ap- worthy tlie support "f th'- farni.rs of Penn>yl\anui, peiidix to ^}ui]'^.' Ibiye^' artiele ny p:i-e G of the last ^ v.Ill certainly prove Mice .ful: number, but oinmitted ]»y the' nrlnter,] ., . ., .^ , ., ' J I J I (iiii:F-\-nr!MH, A[tril 1<,1>>1. In so;ikIng seed grain, cai'e ^h'uld be takrii not to ^ Siii: — T am greatly LTatiii d hv th" ai-j.-'aran'O steep it t aivanta--^"of tv/' nty hi'ur- in iiot water, with a fV^W oune, :•■ ( f salt- liaviut: a periodical < f" th^ ir e\v;i. 1 li-\,' leei pain- petre dissolved in it: and to richt quarts of seed he ' ^"' '" ' <^<»^tly oxperionce of tho fa<*t that many of the afterwards a.lded half pi:nt of tar dllul^.d in a .piaM | '^l:-^^^^'^^ "'' -V;ricultairal papers puMIsia.l else- ' . . . ! where are so un-uiled to our sdl an'i eiiina*e that oi warm wa^er. Alo.r being >tiir. .1 in tne t:ir nnx- ' <|„.^^- .^,., ;„iuri.'U^ rather than advantageous. This tiire, the corn was taken rau and mix- d with a- niaeh Is elf, tu ^ay nothing of wdiat of a decent self re- plaster as would stick t . it. 'fliis preserved the seed ^'^'-^ seems to d(»mand, a sufficient reason for giving from birds &c., and cau.ed it to germinate readily.- 3'^'"^ journal that liberal support which is necessary ,„, .^ ' ^. . ^'^ ^ I to make it worthv of the cause wiiicli It advocates and Ihe Oenesee larmcr recommends a coating oi soft the Stat*^ in whhdi it is published. soap and plaster. (tuack .^U'tliciiic's, AVe Avere annoyei] at finding an advertisement ('f a '' elierry {I'etoral " en the cnyer (d" the first iiuni- ber, whieh \vas inserted v, hllst the j)uhlisher was j at llarrlsfjurg. The means to \\ liicdi the niid-.-rcfj this nostrum resorts, may bejudg.-d fVom tlie lidl'W-j Fc'diie,: a <\<'''\> interest in the success of your pe- riodieal a- eMnie eted wli'a t'le a2;rieulture of our State, it V, ill give me pleasure to contribute, by any means \\ii:iiu my power, to aid in securing that suc- cess. Incorpv;rati'iii of the l*cnii-«\ 1\ ania S^ate Agriculta- ral Si-cic ( ,. A- the ]'r()vision- ef tiie act ineiM-j'Mr.'iliiig tlii- S'- i^iv de not appear to bo geU'railv undiT,-t" id. v. e ing caution from the cover of th.^ American .h.urnal | i„>r(-\vith j. resent the.se most iinporiant to h" kiwwi:. of Science, the editor of which is rc^presented with all j The fullnw iiej; i-^ ih" i-rincipal ^-etitm: his titles of Professor, M. 1)., LL. !>.. c'i:c., as the au- " i:> rJn <1. That th.- .-aniMf tv.-o th^ai-.m-l d.dlnr^- is thor of one of the recommendations given. i ^y'^^'-X ap].repria:..l t. .:vA ^.Ariy and annuclly . '^ ! thereaii-r a Mun e.[ua: in aineiint t<. tleit jaid ' y tlie As 1 rotessor ^^Iillman is a doct(»r (d Aiedicine, and as some ])hyslclans ociiq^y tla^ very (|uestionable position of druggists, we are bound to state that it k- improfcssional to vend or advertise a n'>-drinn the maker of wliiidi uses the nani" «tf a member of the ]>rofessI(»n to dc^ceh'e the public. TO TiiK rriM.ir. nnni'"'!"-^ there. if int.. i:> ti'M-ary ; an atVelawl (i ^^hieh i.iet, and tic anieunl ^c lai'-ed by lie- Treasu- r- r ef ilie Society being first filr-il v.itii the Su\U' Treasurer: /', "r/r/. ,/ tli;it Medi sum -iiall not exceed two ih.aisand dnllars in any one year.'' h will be s.-en, that afbM' the first year the amount (d" th" a)»{>ri>|iriati«'n i-> inaile to depend up. mi th« aineiint paid Into th" Tr-'a-ury by the neiid.-Ts.. The reeoTumei^.datieji of tiie Clirri'ij Pectoral (so This faet >h.'ul.l ar.a;~e th" fVien.l- <.f th called) signed by my name is [ifori/cri/. lb Si 1.1.1. MAX. Senior. A'tir Ifdi'cn, January 1, 1(^,M. llortiruitural Society's Medal. The now m N\hom it is awarded as a pri/e. Tt is two ineh«s in diameter and contains a Seated figure of Pomona, her left hand resting upon the shield of the arms of Pennsylvania, and her right holding a pruning knife. In front a boy presents an.] in. luce them to spare n.) efforts tu secnn ad.ii- tinnal naiaes. The sani" prr)vi-ion is mn County Ae-ricultural aiel \\ rti. iiliural Seu-ieties', e\eept tUa.t the ap]»ropriati.'n i - tu b' jMid li'iu tic t .anity 'I'reasurie^. ami i- liinite.l t" ei;e biin.ln d d'dlar- ]ie annum. \\ here tWM S. k i"iirprt> ration of the present Society. Perseverance funl ^»« ergy will do the rest. 30 COMMUNICATIONS. fMAV. (ra]nmumcotion0. Accurate Experiments. Tl^ uftWi/ of accurate experiments, and the advantayes of an early harvest (f the wheat crop shoicn. surod, — or the Jim(»unt wiis dcrlNf.l frnju tlie hali33 with an CHtimat(Ml addition for wliat was uned in tho family and retained for Rced. On roeurrin*^ to the discu>s.sions of many subjoeti^, (tliat of ]ini<; anion;^ the nunilxT.) whirli arc spread over the pa^L^os (d' our acnMiniltural jniirnaLs, wo soe Mr. Editor: In the practice of Agriculture witli a Yiater monK'nt, conclusive thoy arc, cirMlly for want of corriH-t pro- than the right method of conducting expciinvnts. — AVithout entire accuracy and tho utmost care in such proceedings, there can neither be satisfaction in the conclusion which one would attain, nor any certainty in the evidenco he would desire to afford of the re- sults of liis operations. In order that an experiment may criments of ]Mr. llannani, of Yorkshire, England, made in IS 10, to asci^rtain thi best time for cutting wheat, are worthy of th(i careful atterttion and study of all farmers. I am pcrsu.i'l 1 that the commencement of our wheat liarvest is gtn- orally too late, and that there would be an impruVi^- ment in th(^ quality as well as a prevention of wasto, l»y beginning a week earlier than u> r cradle our wdieat. The superior l)rightnoss an! strength ol our summer sun, riptMi tli(» gram ni"r', rapidly than it is matured under th*^ cooler and ni";'! riment, so as to determine whether the result be true cloudy sky of England, and proportionally diminish or not. But the result is the essential fruit, and an ! tho intervals noticed in Mr. llannam's exp(>rim(>iits. experiment is barren, when it cannot bo verifie.! by j Mr. James Porter, who was an excellent fanner of repition. It is obvious, therefore, that its chicr v;du(% j Lancaster County, mentioned an instance in his own must depend upon th" minute accuracy of its dt^tails and the clearness and veracity of the report. The reflection is often, ind(>ed, forced upon us, that much of the influence of useful knowledge is lost ])y vagu(^ and imperfect descrijition ; which, obscuring the truth, fails to excite attention or inspire confidence. Hence experience, wdiicli fortifies the o]»inionjust advani-i'i, in favor of an early liarvest. lie was induced in or- der to accommodate a purchaser, who wanted tb/^ Immetliate use of the fltdd, to cut his wheat whilst it still was apparently so green, that he had mueli lai- fivinir as to the result, and his neiirhbors freely ex- important discoveries are allow^ed to sleep for years; i pressed their belief that ho, would lose the ci'o] and many im]troveini'nts. after being laid aside, are in a su])se(pient age, brought again, as if l>y accident, into use, and regarded as inestimaldc. llenco inven- tions emytloyfMl and prized in one country, are often ( ither unknown or without just appreciation in a neighboring State. in this connection may be mentioned the want of Not only, however, was the yield good, but tlie qual- ity of tho flour manufactured out of this wdieat, w.n unsurpassed by any that he had ever produced.— Other instances of the same sort are dou])tless within the recollection of many; — and in relation to tho waste, every one must remember occasionally to havo observed, immediately after harvest, enough of tln^ suitable means and appliances among our farmers to grain shelled out and lying among the stu]jl>lt\ to pursue their inipiiries or record, their experience with ; furnish seed for another crop: — but, to the exp<'ri- due correctness. There is not one farm in a hundred, "^hosQ fields havo been surveyed, so as to di^fine their precise aral»le contents. IIow few farmers keep a set of weights and measures, and the proper instruments for making accurate investigations relative to their farms or their produce! Still fewer use such means as they have, and write down their obs(^rvati(ms for the beneflt of others. The difliculty may havo oc- curred to many, as it has to myself, of obtaining a satisfactory statement of the greatest quantity of wheat grown, per acre, on any farm or fitdd in any one year. You may not, indeed, fail to receive prompt answers giving specific quantities ; but upon a close examination, you find tho quantities d<'pend upon con- jectural estimates ; — either the number of acres was not ascertained, — tho whole product was not moa- ments. ^Tr. llannam selected for them a field of red vhrnf; and on the 4th of August, ISfO, lie cut a sheaf. ''At this time it was quite green, i. e. both straw and earn were in full vigor and full of sap. Though the grain appeared perfectly formed the chaff still adhered so firmly to it, that It was scarccdy possible to si^parat*' them by friction in Ww hands. WIhmi si^paratetl it was large and plump, but so full of milk that tli<' slightest pressure reduced the whole of it to a juicy consistency or pulp.'* This sluMif sti)od in the field for a fortnight, wb proximating to voUmnv ; irhde for ohntit a foot tijncards from the (/round, it was ([udc yW^^w. Th" ears too W'T'^ more opon, the chaff ting'^d with xariou'^ shades of vellow and L"r<-"n, tlie grain itserved along with the other two till the tii'>t of November, when taitof eadi he selected b'O cars or heads, and put ea<-h parcel into a separate bag. The straw from each of these parcels was carefully preserved. The ears in bag Xo. I. (<'r that cut very green) Were now thresheb O.")0 570 As this table is merely comparative. (Mr. Ilan- noni remarks,) the weights used lieing in parts and d-cimal parts of the sam<\ f)r the convenience of lainute experiments, he furnishes another table of the ab>olut(> weight of each sample, in ounces, tlrachms, scruples, aiel grains, 'frov, as f •Ih-ws: value, and w hat he would give for the same. Taking the ne an "'f tlcir estimates, he found that No. I was \Ne«rth 'Us per quarter, or 7s. 7^d.]»cr!u. No. 2 " " 63s (m1. " '* *' 7s. llfd. " ♦♦ No. 3 '* • '' ClsG.l. '' '* "7s. sjd. " ** He (IiMluccd fp'oi t!i ■ " tabl's lie' conclusion, that the v.heat reaped a forttiiLrlii before it was ripe had thi^ advantage of the ripe in every point: 1. In Wright ^-S 'zrc^<< yiro.juec l,;,l |.-r cent. "1. Ill \seight 'il'e(|ual mea--ure- ^ p t (a-nt. nearly. ."'.. In weight nf cjual number of grains ll,\ percent, nearly. 4. \n ([uality and value abovi' '.\\ p-r cent. 0. in weight of straw above o p"r cent. The sample No. .'i, (ripei lie ob-erves was very b..] 1 but rather coarse^, feeling rwugh in the hand; while \o. l2, (raw) was ([uite a-^ bold but V' ry fni> ax I dun ill tic skill. No. .'5, (green) was al-o a gno.l aiel ch'ar sample, liut nuirh siiudhr thtin nlJn r if tin: others. He U'-xt supjio^i's thi'ee acre-- ot \shrat 111 unilorm quality, nue i.f which reap"d wie-n riji", vieM-, thirty bu.-h'-l- iif u;raiu and "U"' t'>n of -travv— the vaiu>-' of thi» }troducc he fixes a.s folloWr-, w-u. .'.»» bu-lcls of wlcat at ol- ^^'' budiei. at t'N'. prr (piarter, - 'J I'J 31 195,5-'J stones of straw, - - - 1 I "2 7 11 11 loi And the uere reaped a f 'rti:i„-ht I -f .re th ■ rip". <: y. d. Viel.b ;:rid;;t>7 bus. at ('..".>•. '^''/. }"r([uar'oT. 11 1'.' \\ Iti^ stones of straw, - - - 1 S 1} No. I. No. o No. 3. I Gro«i produce. | Equal mensorea. | Grout no of graint. az. dr. SO. gi-.'o/.. dr. sc. gr. o/. dr. se. gr. [ " 0 •' 0 '• 0 .'» " 0 " 12 *' ];; 4 •' 4 " 0 •' b 3 (< 1 " I3i0 •' 1 " l> \ " (I '• u " i;; <> " I '• <> •' 17^ ();< I 0 I Comp;n';itive weight of IttO straws (d^ an equal len<^th, belonu'iug to tlu' samples, Xos. 1, 2, 3. No. 1. (green) =550 Nt». 2. (raw) -- r.") No. '•). (ripe) = 1''' > He next proceeded to ascertain the comparative Worth of (aich d.>scri].tion, consulting an extensive ^rain grower as to the values of tho respective earn- }.le8 according to the prices of the day, and an exten- sive grain factor and miller as to his opinion of their 1 . - o 1 1 • » I o J Showing a loss of about 1<'' p"r rent. ]>} cutting verv tureen, and a gain '>f t»'ii shilling'- ]'"r acre, or nearlv \ per cent. b\ r"aping in a raw Mat", '-r a f^-rt niudit b.'f^re it wa< r:]'". H" conebeb- il^at it i- tli" farncr'- interest, t" rnf ',/.• irli'nt t>^fore it bteomts thorouyhhy /•/)'■■ : and though others should distru.-t his .leductioiis on aceMuiit of their importance and the limited character of the exp"riments, yet ha\itig r"traci d >tep bv -tep his inveMi;:atl' n- ^^it}e■^lt any variati-n. he caild n^ lonirer refuse to belicse it true. Th"re are .lomges whi.-h he points out, in,l"p-iel.ntly of the i p'T cent, gain, by reaping wlcat a f.^rtni-ht before it is ripe: 1-t. Straw of a better (piality; *ja. A l-tt.-r chance' ..f ^eruvin- the crop, and 3(1. A .-aving in securing it. Ju a voinnninication to the Quarterly Journal of AyricuUurc, March, IM'2. >lr. llannam remarks in relation to these experiments, "At the time I wrot« you last, I stated that the bulk of the whc^at reaped by me during the present harvest was uuthreshcd.— 38 COMMUNICATIONS. [Mat. ■limTIT"' •■"— - -- ■■**"^.»«-**-*^*-^-^--^--fJ»J''--T.-iirMwunir^iiiMW>'» «-] Ai''%.fiJi^Xn^Jf'-1!mUMU'M»3emm.,m-tm,!t a "«*-«hh I could, therefore, only give you an idea of the raw and the ripe, l)y opinion, from a sample sheaf. vSince then the various cuttings (fur i nuidtj scvenil) huvo boon threshed and ground: the result of which was, 3 J bushels of the ripe gave 10 stoni} 1 ! !»> of good flour, 1 St. Olb of seconds, (technically termed "sharps") and 2 st. 51b of bran: 3} Ijushels of raw, gave 12 st. Gft) of flour, 12ft) of sharps, and 2 st. lib n( br;in.— From which it appears, tliat the raiv cut whi^at gave six and four-seventh pounds of ilour to th:' lin-lul, more than i]v' rino gave, while llic l;itt(^r ^,^;ivo llircc* and one-seventh poun to higher purposes, and more generous duties, endeavor to distribute useful knoNvledge wit!i as nuieli zeal, as iht y now take to advance tliemselves ; ojm'U wid^] th'' ])nrta1s of science, take the ])(M)ple by thi? hand, and lead llbiu towards them, and wo have no doul»t \vhat'^V(;r, th -y will iind an intelligent, a willing, and a nunia-Mii-! audience. 0\er tlu' whole of this ])r(»ad ('ouiiuou- weahh, in evei'v county and in every school in cv.'ry counh', vrhore the ebanents of (\ieh sei'-ne- a.llltMl to in a very raw state, was badly struck witli rust, lie agriculture, [v.-hlch fm-m, indeed its essential parts, determined to cut itatonee and did so, amid the laugh should be taught. and pity of his neighbors, who thoULdit him litih' bet- Th"-^o are iiMt myst'Tio;;, to lie a'^nnire.l (^nly ter than crazy. The adjoining fields suffered t'ttl.> ; hv the f. \r— < "1 M ■ ) ) n ~ ♦^ I" \' : n ! . \\A •IM V iro not mero from rust, and stood till fully ripe ; yet at threshing, the wheat first cut, gave the finest Hour and th- best yield." A, L. Haves. Lancaster, April 8, 1851. Agricultural Schools, No. 2# In your last paper I gave a short account of the number of Agricultural Schools in Europe — of the extreme interest that those g'vernnents show, in spreading a knowledge of Ag.i. ulture, among their people, which we suppos. d to be mere crushing despotisms, and without the slightest sympathy, with the great mass over whom they rule. more dillicult than M;ith Muatic-^. Carbonates, Ao tates, and Suljthates, that now S'-iau to ala.rni, as if they were sheeted gh(^sts, ar<^ not l"-s vradily undiT- stood, than Triangles, ParalleloLM-anas or lh:in even the simpV rules of arithnietlc. All that is necessary for a lad to know of those two sciences, should bo taught, as an amusenT^nt, and not as an Intellectual exercise or ta-k. A very short instruction would glvo an intelligent boy enMurh, to make him mi-'l t -f many of those thing-^ that now seem to him, deep, in^(,'rutable and inacces>iMe my^erlcs. W'liy, tlnai, is it not ]>o--il)]". to attaidi to every school, a small La])oratory, a snrill cabin-'t of mineral-;, ill u-ti-at lens of the geological chara^-ter of tho n-ighborhoo,l, -avA I also ventured an ojonion. of tln^ trutli of which \ have been for some years convinced, that this coinitry, I tin.' State: models of agriimUurad implements, wit! sooner or later, must feel itself comp"lhxl to adopt | C(dlection of books on agricultur(\ m^ndianlc^, .Ve some system — some general and ]topular plan, by which that large body of y(M)men, who culti^•atc• their own farms, and wlio firm the great moral and piditi- cal centre of our institutions, shall be able tc> r(^- ceivc instructions iu the art, by which they are to live, The expense Avould 1)e very little, the utility Infinit', for, of all the o1»i(^cts that one who ha< at heart th" in- terests of the 2:r(Mit body of iarm 'rs sliould work harl t(^ secure, theri^ is not on*^ of mon^ importance tlciu that of makin'j: th-cm students of their art, and wiih As yet, nothing has been done, except by a few iudi- i it. stud^aits of natun^ Xow. the lanrM- j.art of a fariu- viduals, whose success, though perhaps bul moderate, has shown the more tlum possib.ility of more extend- ed usefulness, and a wider inlluence, if patronage er's life is passed in dull and unintelligent drudgery: his toil, severe as it is, is not enlightened toil, it h;-' no pleasures, uidess iu the hope of irain, ncith'^r his and support were genorally ^^iveii to tluMu. Hut the heart nor his brain arc intore^^t'd : his daily round nt exertions of individuals, howev(>r energotic, ciinnot do all that is necessary for the instruction of th" im- mense body of our farming population. There nmst bo a system, established throughout the whole State, by wdiich every farmer's son can l)e taught the |v;in- ciples of agriculture, its theory and its ] tract ice, ;ind the elementary parts of all those r.rivilege to see daily and be ever among. The }>lan laiil before tic j)eople of the State by the Secretary of the Commonwealiii, ;il ' and excellent as it was, is, we fear, too much above the general tone of thought of the mass of our citi- 1S51.] COMMT'XKVATIOXS. no k^fniKMWM r-*Mwmiaw*w *. -tr-::«>it«"i mjMiancMWMA. ^wm* '«kw -i zcns. It would be an Agricukural L i.iiver>ity, and not a primary school, and the expense of its educa- tion would make It Impossible for mmdi the larger portion of our farmers to use the a'l\a',iia -;. - that it IJme. The use of lime as a fertilizing substance for land, has long been known, and in many parts of the coun- try lias been lirought to great perfection. There i."*, would offer. Such an institution would ui,. question- j liowcver, great difficulrv in the practical use of tbi« ably place Pennsylvania in advance of her sister States, and give her ;i ba'ty |H'-ition. It would, in- deed, place her beyond' all oili'a- ciaintries, as not one has sketched av ad^ptod a plan to cum^o'ehensivo. r»ut th(^ el"moiit;ii'y kind of education to wirah wo ha\i' alluded in thc>o rruiark--, might be carried out ]y the Slate, at a very small e\pen-(>. The elTo i' obstacle, and it is one that will not be oa^dy (c;er- Ciime for sonie tiiU" yet. is, tic dllficulty of iinding "\'oinej; nrai in th:-< couniry, 1 educatl'in and ro-poiMaMo lalait-. \\<'uld not ace<{>t the (.llici; and undortake the ard.iMu- duties oi" a t'-a.'hcr, up-n a salary \o]-y littf' more than i~ comju'tont in-tructors (!' laanded and \<:i.\ to ;l .hiy lahoror. Our p'M.pl.-ilu not yet seem av.aro that th- hram i- a v.rs < llirerent valuable manure, as nu universal rule can be adopted for its application. For instance, the ([uantlty must be graduated, according to th'^ character of the soil, and the nojxh'ct of this fact alone lia** produced the groat diili.ailty. 1' }• - 'il. td! 1 \\\\\\ vegetable mattor. will take tin-'- tini - m^r-' l:m«'', than -hould b'' appii<'d to thin - ):1, containiiiLC a laac'i more limit* d l.iu ks easily solved — mac achlne from the body— that mental toil is ten-fobl . they,did not know h.ev t • use it. more exhausting than jdiysical — iliat t-arhiug is one c f the m'>>t anxious, laboriou-, lite-w.aring occupa- tions, iu whi<'h moll can engage, and thai, if lliey wish to secure the services of w.ll instructed men, ! that my land was most materially benefitted by it, I have tri'd up ^n my land, for several years, va- ri' u- exjxriments, and have constantly become wiser In the mode of usin;' it. I have never fiiib d to find and induce such persons, to enter upon and con- tinue the career of teacher, they must tempt by suffi- cient compensation. To dne of no tij] ill ma'_'nitnd.', the County Agricultural Socielies mlLrht omphe, l-riurors, and niak- th^ collection of h lila-ary, a cabinet of miiierals, of iiwphneaits, »!tc., [i part of iho special .'Ijeet of their f-amdaiion. Tiie Slate Agricailtural Society has the educati-n of f irm'~'r'^ a- a portion of its constitution. If ibis asso- clali^ai succeeds in all its d'si-ns, and i> well support- and I feel great confidence in recommending it to others. I shall proceed, very briefly, to give my views of the character nn»l efficacy of lime, as a ma- nure. I will state lu the first place, that the use of thi- mai ui- is so imperfectl}' understood, as well a> the ufiice which it ]terforms, th:it, it is proper to place it, In a practical form. Lime forms a constitu'Mit part of some grains sucli as wheat and rye, as is ascertained by chemical analysis; and where no lime exists in the soil, the (^ T'p t'eeouT^s si{d;lv ai.d inip"rfect. Ih:' r.i most • 1. iicromjjoscr ■ f I lie vegetu dv Cd by the iM'ople of the State, there is very litth- doubt i vegetal. L- it i^ a ni.r^ < .1 '• ,. r .1 • .• ,-...,- ♦'.».,,, .V ;,» th<^ maltha- iu the ^<-i!. I'urni^hlnL' bv tlo- means aeon that \\\ tive vears from this tnne, e\er\ tarm u lu trh^ . ■ tant natriiic-nt t. tic ) Ir.nt. Tei.v at or.ce ox CenunonweaUh will be fully alive to tho inq.ortance of in-tructiou, in his art, s.dentilic as w» 11 a< )iraoti< ah will alreciat<' his own ]M.-ition, and tleai go f-rward in a b'.dy. and deuumd that all ih"-f aidi- ehall be ].lac( d v, iihi!) his reach, by which he pro- poses to elevate iiim.self and ids occupation to a real and not nominal dignify and th' rea^^on, \^ hy li,i:hL soil, r. .ntaining l)Ut !i;il ■ vegetable matter reipiires less lime, than that whi }i i- lie re strongly Impregnated. I have tested this in various ways, and on a varh-ty of soils, and every experiment confirms its truth. If I were to put one Inindred bushels of hme upon an acre of poor Soil. 1 am certain I sliould raise no crop, f >r two f>r N oars, for the simple reason that th r-' w^eM t l»e sufficient vegetable matter for th. hm fo aot upim, and to u.sc a common expression it would burn the Ian 1. Bef ire it could be available, it would be necessary for the lime to become neutralized in the soil, and the additional aid of successive vegetation, such as might grow, to remedy tho difficulty. After this process shall have taken place, it will }»r(»duce in abundance. Twenty or thirty bushels to the acre, fur the first dressing, is sufficient. It plainly follows from what has been said, that a different soil, deeply impregnated with vegetable mould, will bear a much larger quantity of lime. For such land, one hundred *\ «'' J- • 40 COMMT^NirATTONS, M. \Y I'^.M. COISIMT^XICATTOXS 41 bua'iels to the acre is not a lari^o quantity. T wonlrl not exceed that quantity upon any hind, hut fur the first dressing would gradu'dtc it from twenty to one hundred, according to the nature of the soih Now as to the mode of its application. Generally, it is put upon a ploughed field in licaps, and sj)r(;ad, and afterwards ploughed under. I r(';i:ar(l tlils as a most pernicious mode of llminu:. In tlio ilr>t |i]ace, the spots where the heaps are, receive too lar^e a quantity, and in the next place by ploughing it under, the lime gets too deep to act succ(^ssfully ujion the vegetahlf nnittcr In thc^ soil — consequently its heneli- cial ellocL is lust. Linn^ is heavy, and its tendency is to sink. The great olij.'ct is t*) keep it as near the purfrtce as pc.sslhlc. For several years I liave adopted the in''t!iod of spreading it upon the S(m1, and this furnishes the most successful mod(» of r<'novating an old meadow. It is spread from the wagon, and it requires hut little experience to graduate the quan- tity according to ynur wish. In a sliort time the lime sinks into the hpungy sod, and u< » "iii|n)ses ali dead vegetable matters, which at the sarnie time nour- ishes the roots of the grass and causes tlie Idades to spring up with extraordinary vigor. 1 liav-' liad old meadows double their usual quantity of hay the first year after this process. Then again, when you desire to plough the same ever, einbri'u^es Ko wide and deep a range of knowled^o as his. Indeed it s<'eins imjMtssildc for ajiy one man ever to beeome acconij.lisluMl in the wliole ranoro <,f agricultural subjects ; for men who have gi\cn undi- vided attention to a singl." Itrancdi — as, ftr examplo^ tlie rearing of cattle, th(^ arrangement of crops, the art of improving lands, whose heads are grey and some skill emin"nt, all freely own that they fMi,{ tlielrthing to learn continually. But as the farnuM' nuist know something of every branch of his ])usiness, Ids knowle^e the land should reijuire it. If the ground shotdd be left in meadow, it will found that successive crops of grass will be grt^atly increased. I mi<^ht extend this communication to a much 'Toater h^ngth, I'ut as you will often hear from me, 1 am desirous uf consulting brevity. WllJccsharrc, Ajn-il 10, ISol. Luther Kidder. countrv, a whole nus fruity and of making home to smile in Nature's best adorn- m(Mits, beeniiies almost lost and f)rg(itt(MK Ihit a taste f )r su(di serene enjoyments is naturtil to every descendent of gardner Adam, and no information that vour C(dumns can render, I venture to say, will \){) more gladly received througli the villages and coimtry homes of Pennsylvania than some first les- Rural Taste. ^Tk. F.!»rroR : I ha\(* just received and read with i sons in Horticulture, great satisfaction, tic first number of the Pennsylva- j The magnificent barns of the Pennsylvania farm'^n« nia Farm Journal. j ar(^ objects of general admiration, and it is by no Pennsylvania Farmers are wisely carefid in vcn- ^icans f>r want of u-il/ tliat l!ie owners of i]n'<" turin"" the support of new enterprises ; Imt no (.ne ac- j structur(\s do not render tlnir own dwellings as cusy quaintcd with the qualifications of IVofessor Halde- L^nd as snugly sheltiTcd as c(tmfoi-t and full enjoy- man, or \Nith the character of his accompHshe(l nient s(H>m to require. We see, (juite too often, th*' correspondents, can a^^k a more reliable guarantee f>r rickety sk^detons of (h^ad shrubbery and sliad" trees, the character and worth of the ]»aj>er, or ht\sitate f.r (and very often, too, the Uciikj sktl>i<>ns) to jtrocuro ft moment to give himself tb.> b(Mielit of its society, whatever personal preferences he may intertain for other papers or editors. The most intelligent agrlcuturist can never say *'I have learned all." Old farmers know Ibis; only the merest beginners, or those who, like the poet's , ploughman, '* go whistling along for want of thought," suppose that they know everything. One must learn much before learning what is to be learned. As to the farmer, no occupation or profession what- and plant \N lileh a sufficient amount of trouble was incurred, all resulting in d(>ad and ct of screening, shading, i'arj>etin;_':, and garhuvl^ in"- the farmers fruitful and happy h >m'\ would 1 doubt not, enliven thousands of our rural homesteads, and add immensely to the enjoyment of their occu- pants. W. G. Waring. Boalshxirg^ Pa., April 24. 1851. Kxixritncntal I'arnilng. which was injured Vei^y 'fi\uclr ft'o'li >h? Pttr^.ck of or Mr K.oiTOR,— In fnrwardln,' vmi mv nam- a- a -'range colored ^^orm abon t^o was. ratncr wot,;and iniu-ht not be uninteresting to .^ifcr a few remarks in the fi.dd. did not average quiV'tWonty-r,... b'jlfief • to reference to some experiments which I have made in the a.-r-. Adjoining this. T had a field of twenty -ix farming. 1 profess to be but a j^lain farmer, and acres (al! Mediterranean) which was oat stubble, what f communicate wil! b- pn-haMy only intero.st thonm^rldy manured, th. yi.M ,.r u hich wa.s twenty- tli0.se of the same class, if ind lit should In.par^ in- ■ >-i-^ ^^^^^c'^ >" the acre. Tho ti.]l \n Nsldch the corn terest to nnv one. Mor- than twenty vears of my life , ^^^^^ /.'-w/,//.-/ invW had ' of ah.Mir mv loads of ma- have been spent In Phlhid.dphia, and my removal to ! "ure ..„ s,.mc dry nd;,-.. (h, ih.- tw. li.M^, f.rty- ,, . „ . ..,,f , r ,>.^- I, Jfl. x^i.i.li liiil f 'Ur acres in alh 1 ^'>\vi'.l 'I'iniithv in the i'all and tlie countrv was on account oi m\ ii-aitn. \s ni* n n.iu ^ ... * A • -"^ 1 1 1 ■>„,. i:.o; .^ f,> 1 ,i<;m..<^ 'ri,..r.. «dov«'r in the si>rin„' f'.llM^vill„^ and now (Ai^ril I'J) be"n impaired by close a]>})lication to hu^ine>s. i neri ^ i - . i j is a i.reiudice to.. In the country again>t what are , the grass in th" field nn here tlie corn was tuned under termed -citi/.en farmers;" though I donbt whether i^ d more real hard labor in farming f »r >f"irn ijrxii mr/t, 1 pursued the >.uiie c )ui'.^' la-l >um- Uic la-t t-ai vear- than mv-elf. j ncT with t'-n acrc'-. in a lidd ui' i'-rty-MUM acre-, f.-r 1 have resided uj«nn my firm (dev»"-n years. When wicat. T\i'' (^•rn wa- n-d sown until aliMui the I movd 'III tM it, 1 f>und it in a very po.ir ^tate of , tir-t «d' dulv. and then did let '^r^.w will; wa- "uly ndti\ a.ti' ai, althniiLdi it had the reputation of bcin'j' ah'.nt fur foet hij:!i and n^t a> thick nn tic L^'^und one of the best farms in the country. It had been t as I wished to have it when ploughed under. On this rented f'>r m<>re than ten ye;irs, and t attempt > T mad(^ at Improv.aivnt was to rmioNc tic oM fiaicing. and alter tic ^i/.e nf | and lunch ol it i- n-av i' o rank nearly all the fi'.dds, so as to l)e able to .]i'>tro\ ;dl the noxious weeds and other tra^h tliat had ac(Miiiiulated, find were scattering their >ceil 1 roadca-t o\er the land. I have brought into ju-ofitable cultivation more than twentv acn^s of valuable meailow land bv ditching, that were of very little value l'efor(>. More than thirty thousand bushels (»f lime have been spread up.oii iho land in the (dev(>ii y(\irs it has been under my dire<-tion. In adut the li''ld of e:,rn ploughed uicfr in 1 ^ !','. inany a-^ert- in" that tic lea\v L'r..wt!i of {'.plder could le \or l>e • ■•of vx'Ier, other- that it wouM niake tic L't'ound ,-our and tlie whole would pro\ea failuro. But all was ncatlv aceom])rcheil, .vi n hey, aid my mo^t >anguine exjicctations. 1 may here rt mark to.., that a portion of the corn neare>t my dwelling (which wa^ tic la-t turned under j was >,» luxuriant that 1 gathered more than a do/a n ears -uitabl-' I't bolhng. I far 1 ha\e wearied tic jaii- ncc of your rea hr'' I and 1 must now close these hasty r^ iiiark>. I may fa- this inan. My plan n-w i.s, to manure all my , j^^^^^ ^^.^^^ ,^ j-^^ , ^^^^ ,,^ ^^^^ ^.^^^^^ gubject after harvest cr.rn ground; sow idover in my corn or oats feld, and the fillowing year make ops'ii fiillow of them f>r win at. In .Jun.\ ISI'J. I jdoughed down a light crop of closer in a field of ei!j;hteen acres, and tleai hels to t.L(^ acre. Thi- T hdl grow until it was from six to Uai fort hiudi, when it was all plnU'/hcf ?/;e/cr about On imdies deep with a heasy t am. After letting the ground lay until near se.'ding tine, 1 had it w. 11 liar- roweur tlio sulwtances, v.hich are always present iu plants in all tliiii' s and under all circumstances, and whitdi thos(} tliat administer to the sustenance of the hu- maTi body, must eoTitaiu, to furnish tln' proper ele- ments of its nutriment and growtli. Ibuin;;- attaiuod a knowledge of what plants rocpiire, we thereby ar- rive at the necessary constituents of soils. For the food of plants, is derived from the soil av.l iho air which surround tlbiii. A ci-nain [lortiou nf the elo- mt'nts of ])l-iiits, fr()]u thi'ir naturv*, (-[inuitt exist in chase of chemical instruiu'ids and materials. "Honor j tli<^ atmo^ph-ns anr. dames Ilio-o-ins, was aytpointed Agricultural Chemist for Maryland, and as soon as he could ])rocure the ne- cessary apparatus, tests, and re-agents, entered upon his duties. 11 " was required to make an c.niuuil re- port to the IIou- " of Delegates, of his proceedings ; and he accordingly at the ensuing Session, submitted his first report, 10,000, copies of whieh liave' l.M'n printed by order of the General Assenddy. It occu- pies 02 pages octavo, and is replete with the most valuable and interesting matter. The State of Maryland, is divided into three *' Gubernatorial Districts ;'' and the State Chemist is required to spend one year in each of these, analyz- ino" the soils, marl>, and other vegetable and mineral deposits, and delivering puldic lectures in the several counties. His report is chiefly devoted to the first of those duties, and details the resvdts of hi- nume- rous examinations of the soils of a portion of the Eastern Shore of Maryland — the part of the State whieh lies Kast of the Chesapeake ]5:iy, and of the remarkable deposits which :iri> dili'used thronudi that distriit, and destined to rencvate and enrich it be- vond ( ahulation. As pr:ierieal utility wpe^ the prescribed aim of his instrnetions, it is interestii'g to ol>serve the mann(^r in Avhich he vicNsed ihi:- lai.in'':-s eif Analysis, and what he deenii ropriate objects and uses. He considers his duty to h,e, to analyze the varieties of soil in order to determine th.e j)resencc or absence of the nepei^sary cnjistitn^nts *vS crops — whether these exi/ttil .ij>'Vuflit-ioHt ouaiititi('s — and what particular Mihstin'u't < V/'.iiTi "ilK'st Veononneally eupply dv^fioicncoe, sa as'tq'rendor Utrren s^jila fertil^, and retam the iertiJity/of tho'^e whjc h al-fe vth-efTdy productive. The necessary constituents of crops are * The passage -in \:(uestLon. .-should nave rciid, ''a ptep far in advance of scnne of its neighbors.'' — The State geol(»gist of Alabama includes agricultu- ral chemistry in his course of instruction at the uni- versity. The importance of the subject was insisted upon at the organization of our own geological sur- vey, to which a chemist was attached ; and when connected with the survey we collected specimens of soils for analysis. — Ed, ttition cannot lie produced. As it can ])e peri" rily ascertained, what svdjstanei^s are necessary for ]»l:i!ii:! that are used for f*)od, from our knowledge el' tho matter in the human body, which is sujiplieil uidi that food, so we can ])erfectly ascertain v»(:at are the nece.s^;ary constituents of soils from a kuoNvledgcef themat<'rial v.hi soil, ean only l»e determinedly chemical analysis of a large number of ^ '-^'i • -'ils. AVith each examination, one certain step i- jiainod in the sidution of this great question. AVhen examina- ti<^n^ become more ininierous, the miuiniinii ipiantity that will produce the largest yield, ^^ill be discovered; and then the perfection of Agriculture will heaftuincd. All necessary substances, to constitute a fertile soil, must b(^ [(resent. Ha* the excess of any one cannot com])ens:ile f .r the absence or deficiency of another. Tlu^se substtinees are lime, hunni<. nnignesia, potash, soda, phosphoric acid, animrJ and \eii:ttahh\ or or- ganic matter, chloriu", sulpliuric acid, alumina or pure clay, silica or sand, iron, as pier-oxide. But soils very productive, particularly for Avheat, may contain sr^nill proportions if anyone of tie' necessary constituents, the rt st heing pre.-ent in ]tr<'p"r pr.'p■J^ tions. To retain the fertility of a soil already produet'v\ it is neces^arv to add to it a ciuantity of fertili/dr.j; matter, (Mjual to that which is taken oft' by tho erip, allowanee Ixdng mad" i'^ ean lu- v.av< maintain soils ;it whatever point uf prcduction they may have, and even increase their produetlvo- ne's^. A soil whieh, from its texture, is particularly ♦mod for wheat, mav thus be k^ot in a c(»niiiion to produce a crop every yiir, uichout a^r/ rotation. — , Tle^ same is true, with regard to corn or any other I crop. The following remarks on the subject of lime, ex- plain its action a> a fertiliz-T. LiuK* exists in tho sied most generally e.^ a silicate, tiiat is, ehemically united to silicic acid or sane 1. In th(> human body, in union with phosphoric acid, it f irni< a vei-x Imgo part of the bones. It exists in combination with dif- ferent acids in the root, stalk, blade and grain of uU plants. I " Besides the necessity of its presence to form thei structure of plants, it performs many other impor- *i 1851.] COMMUNICATIONS. 43 nywrMEBOWrw* ■'W^wr"wnrT% ■*r-«B w-ir ■^ uif«« taut functions in a soil. It promotes the decomposi- tion of vegetable matter, and thus causes it to yield the diflferent mineral substances which it contains, as means for the production of another growth. It iin[.rovcs the mechanical texture of land ; this is but one of its smallest uses. It powerfully aids the dis- integration of the minerals (grains of sand) in a soil, whieh eoTiia::;^ nniny ol" i!ie necessary ele- ments of p];tnts and \^\ir\i without the fluxing or fusing I'oNs. 1- ,.r lime, voadd still retain them. This Mr. Editor : In a previous communication, I at- tempted to show the importance of an agricultural Journal to the practical farmer, and in a spirit of un- affected earnestness, urged upcn the friends of agri- culture the expediency of giving their countenance and support to your unilertaking. Tt appeared to me that a State so essentially agrleultural as ours is, sh(juld at least be able to sustain one periodical exclusively devoted to the interests uf f.i.ndng, \^ every work- is one of its greatest and in -I iiMpoi'ani uses; and : '!■': Hi: in r <.r his sou, anry Stor.'k.-eper and MileT, v.-,r.dd >ub.serihe to a ^oi 1, do e'S not aet m uM do awnv at onee witli benetieially in thi , than in any oth.-r. M-n' irn estigati."!- 1 y ih -d-.d th- repr-a.di thet 1'. :ui:.ylvania ^^ Ith h-r br,.ad a. ros i!n;d\-is a->i-t. d bv ]e,-;ieiical .•xp.riments, mu.-^t l»e | *'f tillaM. land, eannot aflbrd suiiicient encourag.> nia lo than have V't l"'n. to --tt]-' ihi- 'question, and ' J:i' :'' to a j..apor, pubH hed with the \\'\\ ^ f benefit- to deti rniii' in V. h.it nainn-r, under what circum- stances, and in \\h:'.t rpmntiti' ^. Ihno acts best. In none of tlie s«dls which 1 iiave examined, has it been found iu sufiicient quantities, except where at some ibn(^ or other, it has been applied artificially.*' The particular combinati(m or proporti(m of each of the necessary constituents of soils, that will give the greatest yield, has not yet been determined. It can only bo ascertained by many careful analyses of fertile soils, in order to see what quantities are pres- sent in them ; and, by the analyses of soils which are ting those who live by the soil. It should n t MKj ri- that storekeepers and mil- lers are included in tlie category of patrons to such a publication. Vv'h' v.ill deny the relevancy in this connection. \\ here i- the storekeeper who is not deeply interested in tho success of farming ? Not one. They all must admit, that when harvests arc most abundant, their sales are proportionably largo and profitable. A dollar in the year is but a tritlo to every inland ctorekeepcr in the State, compared to even the nominal benefit received in the general pros- unproductive ; then, to find by the application of the ; ^^.^ity, independent of th.' intrinsic value of twelve neeev-iry manure tho nnallest quantity that will ^^^^1^^,^.^ ^f a journal, every one ( i \sl."e Ii ^^ ill prove to the subscriber an mterestuig monthly visiter, produce tlie ^r'atest benefit. ** The experiments hitherto made determine notliing but the mere fact, that some particular manure has acted well on some particular soil. As long as we remain in ignorance of the Composition of the soil, so h^ng we can learn fdmost nothii:--."' d'o obtain a kie -wdedge of the best manure by it> nh r" n]^plie".t;-n t" a -oil, vdthent ref- erence to th.e C(anpo^;ition> of ih'" > il it-- If, h'' ] ro Tieunces enqariefd. Th" .^.l' lu'e •>{" .\L'rioultar' . like all oilna^. has hxed law--, and mu-t bo -ludi. 1 !?i a ran. ii:d niann.'r. landi kiC'Wn {;iri in Agriculture, to l.M u-(d"ul, mn-i b" (h-,el'p' 1 \\ ith /'' '■/' the causes \-.!i;'-h h (1 fn it. A successful or unsuccessful appli- c.ii' n of manure, io a fact of little value, unless the composition of the soil upon which it was used be d.trrniinrd. ** Th-n '7(V t)ie causes influencing its :r-tv !i will bo nianifo^r. ;ind each ex]'ov]nient made, v.ill load u-^ oiiv, ard to a ) rlect system ; every trial of a niainn-'' v. ill v:\r\\ us h..i\v it should l,»e used, and when rejected.'' A. L. II. Lancaster^ April 11, 1851. Co' \ S<»\\Fn roi; I'oddeh. — AVlio has tried siccct ror;i lor ih.is jurpose? ' 'u!' "\\ n experiments have beenliiai'od: but for mihh cows we believe it is preferable to other kinds of fodder, as it may be sown thiekly by using a full dose of special manure, and as too thiekly sown to form ears, the stalks will con- tain a large quantity of sacharine matter, and may be sown frequently so as to keep a continuous suppdy during the whole summer and fall months. — rrof. M(q)cs. which at the end of the vear, when stitched or bound together, will become an engagimr family companion. Then as to the miller, he is < nu!. ail ally the most interested in the matter, l^ sound, le a\y flouring grain U' thing {•< him? I'.^ i.' t -nnit. ru-r, garlic, C(jckle and cheat, annn'V him \\l,oui'Vrr th'\ jire- .- nt tli<^mselves : an-l ean h" la -ii.ito t" ^p' i:l a a d'dlar a \' ir up. n a \v. rk thai will .-hi lU (h ■ ;," .^.u irrowers b.i'W t" ;_' r rid "i llr -^o pe>ts, or at la-t to avoid tie la ? If b' d"-. n- o]M' ^h old -\!;ipa- thlse with 1 i'.a it' hi^ ndll^tones sne 11 of garlic lor a month, or if he should be doomed to grind bad wheat for a V, hole season as light as fifty pounds U) the bu.shol. But I must not forget that I sot oui to say a few words on the subject of agricnlmr.al (luxation, ilie expediency of training our ysorve their own inte- rests or those of tho public, while thoy can boast a proficiency in agricultural and horticultural skill, — a Pennsylvania farmer, possessing largely the es- sentials of a sound, practical education, a man suited for public, as well as private ends. llad the endowment of an Agricultural college been asked of any Senate or House of Representatives, in •4 44 COMMT^NICATIONS. AV. i8r>i.] AORTrT'i/rrriAi. socifrriKS. t: pcctively. The furnicrsLeingtlio largest class, suffer sato for the disinterested service he has rendered to nost for the want of Representatives intimately ac- the cause, should there not he found another n.livi- Assemblv met, witliin our recollection, \vhile thou- Bands upon thousands of dollars were being appro- priated to literary institutions and other systems, what kind of reception would such a proposition have had? AVhy, in all likelihood, the mover of the meas- ure, would have been considered as littl',^ less than demented, the motion thrown on or under the table, or, at kast, the want of means w-ould l)e sure to have suggested the impossibility of granting the gratuity. This want of means will always, in the very nature of things, be a standing, convenient excuse for refusing to grant whenever it w^ould appear to be po])ular to withhoM, however right and proper the granting might bo. So long as the Legislative body is merely a representation of political parties, it will cxhi)»it al! the elements that governed in the election of its members, and the Treasury will be made to feel the influences of functions devoted exclusively to par- ty— til'' lunctionary looking to no other constituency. The industrial classes have no ropvc^ontation r 8 mo quainted with their wants, and sedulously disposed to their interests. Is it not time we should have less partizanism, and more of i'armingism. nipchanicism, and the like. Must not every reflecting mind con- cede, that such a change would prove highly salutary in lessening tlie waste of public time and money, in abating the bickerings and In-art-burnings of partizan Ftrife, and in recalling our erring aflections, to be united in a pure and primitive devotion to "Virtue, Liberty and Indrp-ndence!'^ If the feelde light 1 have attem]tted to throw upon the condition of the farming connnunity, will aflbrd, to the considi^rate and well disposed among them, but a glimpse^ at the circumstances of the case, the cause and effect, they will, I trust, be induced to look far- tJier into the fatuity that dooms so large a portion of farmers to unproductive drudgery and toil, that keeps them insensible to their claims to a better destiny; and if tliey will rally upon some })lan, l>y which Ag- riculture, witli those engaged in its ]»ursnits, may be made to rise to the dignity that somi^times poetically is claimed f.r it, they will not only do a service to tJiemselves, but to the State likewise. It is no easy matter to eradicate a disease that is chronic, n«»r to subdue hal)its and prejudices of long Standing; therefore, witli th-- old and conflrmed in apathy, little or nothing can be done in th*^ way of improvement or change; but there are those with whom, and f«»r \sliom, nuich can and should be done. I allude to the rising generation. Here is ground suited to seeding, this is the field for operation, to which I invite every friend of Agriculture to labor with a zeal commensurate w4th the great objects and interests to be achieved. ' Let no farmer who respects his calling, or loves Pennsylvania, be backward to enter this iicld, and having entered, let hnn never think of quitting it till the work is finished, till the goal is reached, and the prize a\vardre-emincnce which Pennsvlvania, in wise and liberal institution?, should assume. To Mr. llussell, th(^ present Superintendent of the Common Schools, are we indebted for the first effort, I believe in this behalf, by any public functionary of Pennsylvania, — an effort, under the circumstanct.'s, as bold, and manly, as its motives, no doul>t, were pure and patriotic, and which should be held in grateful remeniljrance, by every liberal minded farm- er throughout the land. Did he but know, or couM I express the sense of obligation I felt to him, en reading the project of an Agricultural College iii lils o- late oflicial report, it would in some measure couipon- dual so inclined, but there is no danger that 1 shall be alone in the expression of thanks, so justly liib r profit aii (daws; then ap]dy Unseed "d nn.l sulphur, mixed in about eipiHl parts. The ani- mal should he kept in the stalde with a ph'uty ot dry, dean litter. Bv ai>i>lving the mixture once u\ two days, (the foot alwav^ heing well washed previously the animal xvill generally bo well m one week—am I have known quite bad ca^e- cured within fi)rtyH'ight hours, wdth only one application.— i^um^ New Yorker, ulcincultural 5oiictic0. MootiMir of F.xerutive Coinniittce. Dauphin County Ac^rirultural Sorlrty. In |fur-uanee of a call Iwr a piii.li' in-'eiln^ iw tho Coui-t Il"ii<". in the hor-'Ugh of llarrishurg, on tlio ,, .,, 1 . ., on 1 ri eveniii'j- "f tie- 'J^tli ulr., the fu-iivT- and others int(T- llARKisHiuo, lue.day. April _J. 1-^1. ,,,,a •,, p,.,,,,^in. ih.. ol..jeeisnrA.rnculture.am!f.r tho l'iir>u:int to the ro(iuireiii. nt^ of the Constitution, j ^he purpose of organizing a (!..initv Agriiadtural S the Executive CoiMiMittee of the State Agricuhural | ^.j^^ty^ „i..t ; and on motion of Hon' A. U. lliester, tl Society met at Ilarrishurg. Present: 11"m. Vr- I n.k foHmvuig oflicers were a])]>ointed: Watts*, l>r. A. i.. KlssNu, (MM.rge U. Ihicher, l>r. L. PresuTent—lKW 1I» Ml M.MA. lleilly, A. (). lliester, C. H. 'i'ngo, James Gowen, ]7c'6 iVe^/z/r/i/.v— Chkistian Kuunm \. TTenrv Ilorr- ]>avid Mumma. jr. ;inJ doii\ (Iinkki' ii, di'-nii IIlksuk^, 1>\mi;i. Pi i . i,\- •nlled to the (diair, and Isnxr (,'. MrKui^' >; appninted i.F.iior.u, \n net as Secretary, the Ii"cordiiig S^eretary n.a h-ing in attendanc). A. O. lliester, submitted the f.dlowing resolution'^. v.hich were unanimously ado{>ted : Ih'soIrr^J, That we deem the e-tahll^hm.-nt and suc- cess of an Agricultural dournal j)tiMished in Penn- svlvania as essential to the proper exposition "f tlie prinelph's of agriculture as praeti-'-d in our Stat''. lus'JrrJ, 'I'hat we approve of the plan of the " Pennsylvania Parm Journal," {luhli-h.ed at ih'' 'ify i.f fianeaster, by A. M. Sj.angl-r and edlt-d hy Pi'of. S. S. llaldemail: that f(»r the pres(>nt it be a-lopted ;i> the organ of the State Society: and that farmers and all others intereste,} in the su))jeet <.'d to paironi>e ii and cuntrihute information to its ('"hnnns. !>■• A. L. Khvyn submitted th" fl.llowing res(dution which was unaninii'Uvlv adopti'd: 7iV.s*o/r(?r/, That the priKM-edliiL:^ "f the i!)(M'tings of this Society he jluhli^lled in th" "• Ameri' an Parmer,'' an ajiricuhural iournal, ]iuhli>le'd in th" < o-rmau Ian- * lit*' •nui'^"' at Harrishur'T, hv J. H. P>eek. and that tins ]>eri(Mlieal be recommended to the patronage ut th'' German Parm^rs of Pennsylvania. The Committee then adj(jurncd until 7} o'clock this evening. S'cr' fori' .< — P.P. Kin/er, Ii\. \. i). lli"-te!'. who illu>trateert a|.p iluied tuhscri^>- Lioiis Lo nn; Societv. Adjoarued. Juniata Countv Virricultural Se( irtv. The Juniata Countv ALcricultur il Socielv nn-t *i \i F. TTr^" 7Vf'.s"jV//';iAs"— I 'a\ id He^lioer. Jnlin Alur;'?. .^. Shan on. W. (1. 'rh.'ni}>s,,n, NN'illiaui < ' -x. J r.. \\ ill lam Sierr"tt, Jdhn Bruhaker, S. K. Smith, Jane - La'di'rs, N'eal McC.y. Tr'rsunr 'i,id ]<• '^"rdinj f^rrtt'inj -A!"Xand"r K. Me( 'lure. (''>rrr.^po)idiniry — K. S. I'"ty. JjI'T'iri'in — I^ew'is Burcliti"M. EVEN'l.vo SES<=10.f. ^ y;,wr-/';/'.V'^/eW'/-><;"n. William IMl. J. I\ Shlf^ Till- Committei^ met pursuaut to adjuurnmenf. Pr. n^^,], HaniiltMn. Ji.hn \\at-"n, Kdward Jaini-'U, J. Pi.wvN submitted the following resulution.s which were adopted: livsnlcrd. That inasmuch as the citizens of th'^ vi- Tk t> i • • r i> i cinitv of Ilarrishurg have i.le.lged themselves to con- PxEMFDV for BfnN..— Pr. Kee^e, phyMcmn of Bel- trihutethe sum of fifteen humlred dollars toward.s I ivue Hospital, New V.rk. has bee,, makin- exp-ri- defraving the expenses of the first annual exhihition ; nients concernnig the l>est mod- of lieamg hurn. and ef the State Agricultural Societv, it is herehv deter- I sealds and ch-ekmg acute sufiermg. II- has inund mim-d that the" same be hehl near to IP,rr*is]airg: | that fl-.nr. thrown on with a comnmn dredging b-x. I.rovid.'d that grounds sufficient for the cxhilntiMii and is one ot th" h-st and most efilei-nt rem-d.es vet d,s- plowing match be also furnished. covered. 1 he ext"rna a.r is one can^e o .ufh-nng, ;. 7 ; MM . K r. ir • . i^ ir ^\ 1 .. Hr and the flour thus a|.|. lied, h-.th leals and d ,-cs tho 1 v'Tu^-f^- ^f"'^<^[' <'->;. 1\/^;V:^'7'.^^- w.unds to the atm.V'1-re. Th I;,^..f the w.and. P. Ke.lly, David Mumma and l^aac (.. M»dvinle> he | ^^^^. ^^ remaiied npc, h" dr"ssed with lime and ^il, a (j.mmittee (d arrangement, ^^ hose duty it shall he , . ,j,.,j ^^^. .^ featle-r. I>r. K"ese savs the ah,.ve ajv hdinitively to act upon all suhjects pertaining to the \\l.^^-,^^^ '„^;^.j,. ^., ,,.„,,„i, p,. t\re, hot' water, .unp.av. ier, A('.. has 1h en most haj'py in the practice ut tho Jacohs and Hugh T. .^lcAli^ter. first annual exhihition, and that thev sh.all havt^ ]»ow- 1 IT to em]>loy such aid and assistance ad necos;]iointed a Committition. On motion (»f Mr. Watts It was 7i''wo/r< J, That th.> |)roceedinfi:s of this nv^eting be ])nhlishod in all the papers of Penn-vl\ ania fa\orahle V) the cause of Agriculture. Adjnurn"d. Jamks (lowKN, President. Isaac G. MeXrxLBr, Sccrc^anj, jno /..vajx/rc. H'^-jiitals. To Ti-.mv Shk. — Silk cannot ]»e ir..n"d smo..!hly reailk. Bri-ht- colored silks or rii»bons, such as ])iiik. y"llow, green, &0., ahvavs chang" eoh.r on the ujinlieatinn "f an iron. P.lack. hrown, olive, gr«'y, Ac, generally I'>"k very well after ironing. SilLi bhould always be iron- ed on the wrong side. 46 IMPROVED CATTLE. f^I iV 1S51.] PTIEEP. 47 onrrva. - ^xnaw Ti^jwrftg'i ::i.3^:w « 1"'. ' ^mprcncLi ru'rcii of Q:atlle. Tlic Devous, The head of the Devon ox is small, very suicrnlarly <,o relatively to his bulk; yet it has a Htrikin^- lir'cadth of forehead. It is clean and free from llesli ahuut the jaws. The eye is very ^)rominent, tind tli.' iiiimal has a pleasing vivacity ot countenance, dis- tln.mishinp; it from the heavy aspect of nyviiy other breeds. Its neck is lont: and thm, admirably ai}:v{)t- in.r it for the collar, or the more cumm-ju and ruder ■^^It^is accounted one of tlic characters of jj;ood cat- tle that the line (»f the neck from the horns to tlie J[\\wr^ should scarcely di>viate frcan that of tiie back. In th.' Di'von ox, however, there is a peeular rism-oi the lorehead, remiudinj^ us of the hl<.(, throut.- Thc horns are lonj];er than those of the bull, smallo and line even to th(;l)ase, an-i of a 11 ^-h tor color and tipped with yt'llow. Tlie anhned is liudit in the with- ers ; the shoulders a little oblicjue ; tlie breast deep, and the bosom open and wide, particularly as c.)n- trasted wiih the iineness of the withers. The ibre- loj^s arc wide apart, IcMjkin;: like pillars that have to support a <2;reat weight. The point of the sIiouMt h rar(dy or never seen. There is no ])rojectiou of il^j b;'n breast, iiJi}tly strenjrth, s[)eed, and aj.titml' t. fatten. A narrow-chested animal can never b(; uv- ful either for workiii"; or f!;razln<^. ^Viili all the lightness of the Devon ox, there is a F-^wmo ,.«.«T^*^;^-t^5«s*sr^iiPf^^ 'y^®^< ''^^"t^. <*-^, ■„y . /- 4, ^ V\^^ M-/^' THE DEVON OX. p(,int about him, disliked in the blood or ridin<:-horse, andnota].provedintheliorseofli^diLdraun;ht— -throjeels ar and wide before the le,)ling. The lightness of the other ].arts ol his i<.rm, however, counterl)ahuices h(>aviness here. The le^s are strai<2;ht, al hast m the best herds. It thevare iu-kneed or erocdcedin the foredrrrs, it ar-ues a deficiency in blood, and er.mparative ineapaeitv lor work : aiul f u- -razlnn;, too, for they will be nollnw behind the withers, a point for whieh nothni- can ccmipensate, because it takes away so ;»»^';'.^ ['""/;': i.lace where L^ood flesli and fat should be thickl> laid on, and diminishes the capacity of the chest and the power of creatinrr arterial and nutritious blood. The f^>re-arm is partienlarlv lar-e and powerlul. It swells out suddcnlv above the kn^(>, but is soon lost in the substance of the shoulder. H.dnw the knee, the bone is small to a very extraordinary an. '!'li" limd .tuar- ters or the space from the hip to the piant ol t.i* rump, are ].artieularlv Ion-:, and well fill«Ml up-^^J point of importance b.-th for grazing and worknu::. It h'Mvos room f.rfh-sh in the most valuable par^ and indicates mu.], power ludiind, ecpially connecto' with strength and speed. This is an improvenioi^ nulte of nmdern date. The fullness here and m swelUnq ovi of the thu/h helov\ are of much more ce^] sequence than the prominence of fat which is so nm^ admired on the rump of many prize cattle. The getting on of the tail is high ; on a level ^i^'' Mryrya3g»gi :, jivLiMnM.rj«'«A"^*»*caa:^-Kri,"^. .'^ -TOPW* -V.« ' »f ■■■ — »rw the back ; rarely much elevated or depressed. This is anothi^r great p(»int, as conneetcd with the perfec- tion of the hind ((uarters. Thr tall itself is h)ngand Fmall, and taper, with a round bunch of hair at the bottom. The skin (^^ th • Devon, with his curly hair, is ex- ceedingly mellow and elastic. Graziers know that there w not a more important point than this. When th>' skin can be easily raised from the hips, it shows thiif there is room to set on fat Inlaw. The skin is thin rather than thi(d<. Its appearance of tliickncss arises from th-' 'nrly hair with whieh it 1 ,• e tv'-red, and eurlv in prip'O'tlnn to the e-ndition and Ii'mUIi of the animal, 'fli-- eurls run like lir- tlf rlppli'-> oil water. Some of" these ca!(le ha':-' th" laiii -iiiioth, but tla n it .-liquid h- liie and "■'{'{. — ■ 'f ho-.' w 1th eui-1' d hail- ar- more liardy. and iatt.'?i m<.re kindlv. 'i'he favorit" .'"l^r 1-^ a hf".,| r, d. Tnis is ■^up)lov-(Ml to iiidieate j)urity of l.rrcd ; hut tlnTC are inanv L^ood e;i* tl" a]«proaile rs; hut a h-a-t v.ith pal' h.air. aiel hard und'r tie- hand, and tie' eM' daidv and dead, \\ill !)'• a sluggish work, perhaps is yet. a liftl" {•<•> Ihit- sided, and the rump narr^iwed too rapidly Ic hind tie- hip bitnes ; th^re was too much spaee l)etweeii th flip bones an«l the last rib; and ho was too light for tenacious and stn)ng soils. A selection from the most perfect animals of true ],ree«l — the bone still small and the neek fine, but the ]»risket diM'p aiel wido, and down to the knees, and not an iit'iu of ihitness all over the side — these have inipr<>vculk of the Pevou ox, without Impairing, in tli-' dit:htest degree, his activi- ty, his beauty, or his prop.n.vity i" fatten. tainous ranges of our country from Allophnny to Ala- banm — a liich, raoiat, and verdant, but hcirhhy and (Iq- lipjhtful region, that needs only classical associations to elevate it in the public regard, eveu above the far-famed £<:'iA.v'«.mfVAV ''1 ^ <• ■;' -J' ' Varieties of Sheep. Xm part of the frai"!io-werk of anitnals. -v^la ther race? (f luen or Ijcasts, serves so well as the hidd tu indicate the family to which they leloiig cvcu if it docs nut shuw liio ]iarticuhir temper and eiiaractor ef the individ\ial. Tlnis people accustonied to notice the marks that dis- tintruish from each other the various l>reeds of horses and cattle at once, on a view of the iiead alone — the fine nni-.'7.1e, lull eye, thin skin, silken c^at, wadl-defincd vi'ins, and hard flinty hone uf the high hred southern courser, will at once distinguish him from the -uft-h"ncd, coarse-haired, cMMoode !, !l:.M>y and |hl(>gmetie Con- cstoga; and in like inann<'r, ( ii a view even of a herd of beef cattle, will le ]'rv>| -arcd with conti'lence to say, fis it passes—This is tcaiehed with the blood uf the Aldor- ney, or Cliannel l.-larid> breed, as seen in the ewe neck and decr-liko head ; tliat shows the neut hea I and s.piare frame of tlie short horn; this air/un betrays the bbwxl of the Hereford, and that of the Devon, while that beyond sjiorts the Iwng drMMj,in|r liorn of the iJikewell, carrying all his fat veneered on tlie outsi, so well typified by the compact, close grained, solid nature of his own mind, and mode of reasoning. The name of this family of the ovine rare, imjdies their orin;iii in the Idieviot Hills of NurlJiumherhind. — They occupy, in fiet, nearly all the pastoral hills in the south of Scotland, and tlie best part of the Grampian mountains, and may be regarded as a hardy race, and ought, one would think, to be well suited to the moun- \^' Climate of Italy. Yes! there is pro). ably no fspot ' n the globe superior in delightfulness in cl^a.ate to th.e laoun- tain lands of rennsylvania, M iryliu b Xiij^iuii. the Caruliuas, tieorgia, and Eastern l\tnta<'!:y, and Tennes- see. The wool of the riieviot is short, thick set, and of rather fine quality, fit for tli** manufnoturo of inferior broadcloths. In this breed, the fore-«piarters arc light- er, in proportion to the whole carcass, tiian in the Bake- well. The tlesh is said to be "fine grained, often well intermixed with fit, and is generally esteemed to- the td'le;" but Hke oar fr^eitirr settlers, tiiey have rather a disposition to rove nnil stray otf, and do not come to maturity at so early an age as tlie Dishley or Ihikewell, with tlie blood of w Inch the Cheviot would pr(»))ably niin^de kintlly, giving to the former (a more artiticial Irrid) more hardiness of constitution. The p-rtrait which illustrates this sketch represent! the head of a ( heviot tup. which gained the first prize of his class at the Ili.^hlan 1 A.urieultural Society';* Show at Aberdeen in isJU. It will be observed that its face is longi r th ,n that of the Leicester, muzzle not so fin ', eye not so full, ears not set so high and hand- somely on the top of the head, while it resembles tht Leicester in the white fiice and want of horns. The next are ]iortr(iits of quite a dilferent character, bcinu; those of a •• 1 lack-faced " i mn ai; I t irr. The fir^t is that of a rai.i exhibite I at the Ili-hlan 1 Agricultural Society's Show nt rcrwicknpon-Twced, in 1^41, where he took the first prize of his class. As indicative of the long time and care with which this breed has been kept distinct and cultivated, notice ■1 i * *' 6ftJ»' jf¥^.'r '- ^"S'M- 48 f^TTFEP— DOMESTIC F.rONOMY, Mj AV. l^'.l TTORTicri/rr'ljAT. 49 • liV lll||i« WHi| the tapering face, small muzzle, and full eye! The arched nose always possessed by the black faced ram, is aaid to denote boldness and courage. The legs, like the face, are covered with mottled or black hair ; the horns are highly picturesque, and ^ill bring to the remem- brance ofniiiny of his old guests, one that was kept filled with snuff of the most exquisite perfume, always lying on the counter of tlie l).'ir of tlie City Hotel, Baltimore, in the life- time of " King David," who boldly led the way in teaching the proper structure and philosophy of hotel keeping. The wool of the black-faced slicop is long and coarse, which rentiers it of little value in iiinnufacturing. The carcass, however, is well formed, carrying its depth forward to the brisket, better than the Cheviot ; yet the entire body being narrow, owing to tlic flatness of tlie ribs, gives too much lightness, or want of what is called substance, to the whole carcass. The flesh is said to be fine-grained, high flavored, and highly esteemed. This breed too, is vory Imrdy, fre- quenting the highest parts of the heath-clad mountains of Scotland, and requires little care from the sheplicrd. AVe wish we had a p:iir to send to our esteemed friend and most accomplislied " gentleman of the old scliool," Dr. B , proprietor of the Warm Springs, Bath Coun- ty, Virginia. The reader may observe that in those cases one is called a tup, and the other a ram. Tlieso n;imes are Fj'nonymous ; but there are technical names employed in all English agricultural writings, according to the Bgo and sex of sheep, with which everj' liberal-minded reader who is not, would like, once for all, to be made ftCfpiainted. At some more convenient moment that shall be done. At present we liavc not an atom of time or space to spare. Yet in all times and circumstances, we have no ambition, in constancy and force, like that "Which Would lead us to atld even one item of useful in- formation to the stock of those who are to look for their bread to the cultivation of the suil. — rioug,\ Loom and Anvil. CunRANTS— TvAsri5ETiKii:s. — Sot thosobiishos in good soil, and maniiro them lib(^r:illv with a L'«)<»d coinnost of forest loaves, rott^ni Avood, ashes, stilt, linio. bono dust and nuiok. No fernnMitaldo manure should he ft[>plicd. Lot the soil bo kept open and free from TN'oods, and tliCHurface covered Avith ntraw, and fruit 'will be pr(»ducod in almost any quantity desired.— Gennajifarn TcUyraph. CnARCOAT, IN Cisterns. — A writer in the Ilrrtu-ul- turist says, that six quarts of charcoal, nicely |)ulver- iscd, and put into a cistern of the capacity of fifteen hogehcads, will make the water perfectly sweet at any time. Well worth its trial. Ponic^tic (fcononni. DAIRY MANACKMKAT. AVe could never aliuit any excuse as sufTicient to jus. tify any man wh(t keeps even one cow in not having an abundance v^ni/k at least, if not of butter, for a faiaily of moderate size. Every Farmer should provide, if^riily for a few of his best cows, a good wnrtn shelter, ahun- d:.nce of litter for a clean drij bed, and of suitable food. The cow that won't pay, with such shelter and k< op, fo? a quart of corn-meal a day, and a few turnips, or cab- bages, or carrots, or beets, made into a good warm mess, to be given twice a day, with an abundance of cut straw — such a cow is not worth keeping; and he wlio has such an one, or two or three or more, and will not so provide for tliem, is not worthy to be called a Fanner, and deserves to have his table served without milk or butter, and, what is still worse, with a dirty table clutli and a dull carver. As 1 believe the management of milch cows to be su- perior liere to that in any part of liUglan 1, it may Iq interesting to tell you how I manage mine, and tlio quantity of produce 1 obtain weekly. J luneaboikr containing al'out -10 gallons, and into it I put about ".0 lbs. of turnips, a considerabl.e quantity of water, an I about lli lbs of straw cut into chaff, and this is h oilei for al)Out two hours, when it boeonu-si n (bnk n-wttr looking mess; one half of this is taken out into two tubs, and whilst warm 1.;^ lbs. of bean or pea-meal ii stirred into each, and then given to each cow at abuut 110 deg. of heat. That which is left in the I'oiler re- mains till morning, and if well covered up is still warm enough for u.-jC: it is then mixed with the j^ea or l»ean- meal, as before, and given to the cows at l)reak of day. This, with hay qiuuitum >?///, constitutes their daily diet; and I get about i\\ lbs. of butter from each cow. — I omitted to say I have only two cows. The butter pro- duced in this way has no taste of turnips, and the avidi- ty with which the cows eat this boiled mess is a good criterion of its value. When given to the cows, it should be thin and sloppy. — Mark Lane Kxjircss. IloKSK SiioKiN'c. — Tlio ffdlowiiiu^ roiuarks jiro from the j»on of Mr. Miles, \'ot(M-inary Sui-goon to the (^uoon of England's Liio (luards and iiuthur uf sever- al valuable veterinary works. The shoes of the horse should be of equal tbioknosg throughout, with a Hat ground surface, as those w ith liigh heels, which asinine smiths make in imitation of their own, arc dangerously absurd. The toe whi(di ought io be raised is thus lowered, and nature's plan reversed, which (devatos the point in order to avoid obstrui'tions. The web should be wide, and of tho samo width throughout, instead of being ])in(die loMds ar(^ made bare just wdo^ri^ the navicular joint is m(»st (^xposed; and if that bo in- llamod, wlnit must tln^ agony be wlien the unprotect- ed foot treads on a sbarj) Hint? The horse falls sud- denly lame, (»r drops as if he had been shot — ])hrases in nuich too common use to require explanation ; an 1 small is the pity whi(di the suftering animal meets wdth from man. who, having first destroyed the use of his victim's feet, abuses him because ho eannot go, and imputes **grogginess" to him as a crime, as if ho were in lii^uor like a groom, and not in agony. fjorticultural Department. Pomological Remarks, Early in tho j.resont century soyeral Erfn(di '^^on- I'-inon in Philaihdphia imported IVom the hirol nf their nati\ily a numln'r (d' Foar 'i'm^ (,f \ ariotics whicdi, at that period, rnjoyod tho highest r» piitatinn. AmnriL'" th-'S' kinds were the ilrown l>eurre, Ciiau- oiontoHo, (.'idmar, l>oy'iin(> (Iris, St. (loi-niain, and liiany tlie fruits that originate in our own country. Already the United States has producel.)<.dg.H)d, t'aiiandaigiia, C.dumbia, Fredorika Bivmrr, Eaw- reiio... Muscadine, (houidaga. <>-,band's SumnoT, Os- wego Huerre, SheMnn and Steven-' ( b nessee p-ars,— thr V.:>r]\ d,M'. Es(.{)us Spit/.eiilr-rg, Ilawley, ,j,,iia- than. Ladies Sweeting, Meh.n, \,,i-th.Tii Spv. \ow- tnwu Pippin, Swaar. and Wagenrr ap^piles. the Co- -t their country seats, in the vicinity of the city.— I ]„,,,i •., ,,.,.,, . l' •. , ,.- . »,^, ,1 1 r 1 *^ . , . I luinbia, .i.i:.-r.^..i), Laurences lavorite, and ^\ adi- Alter the lap.se of some years thoy came int.. b.'anni;. [^^.j.^,,.^ plums. Massa(diusetts is the liirt!,-:dace of the Andrev Ihit great was their disappnintment, on lindinL': the qualify (d the Iruit altMLO'thor inl"ri.«r to tiiat which ( <.,p,.f / < ,^,_ . ,i ,• n . . ci i,- . . . , . , . I ' '''"'L ' "'""• ' u-!l!nL^ Peai-i -rn s S(^edlin«' \)\x the same varieiies pos>c>.sed m their own country. — lF,rvMr,l lb>..ii.. ^ .. i i i ^ , ,. ,",' Ti ■ ' p • '. ' Tx X. •, . , t ., ii'ir\ar(I, Heathcot, and Johonnot pears,— th- Lild- 1 iijs mtenority m quality was attributed, by them, ,.-;n R..n..,,; tt,,i i ... i * x- , i f 1 ^ ' ^ ' ^^in, iienoni. Ilubbardston ^one>lo !i, Lvscom, I'urter, to our soil and climate. Otliers, among whom were ^,,,i Koxlairy liu.sset apples. ^he leading nursorymen of PhihoLdphia. very natu- r.illy imbibed, tho notion that these varieties had been "V» r-raied, itnd that th"y really did not possess tho intrinsic merit that had been ascrib"(l tn tliMii. 1 'onsequence td" this opini-oi. tlov vi-'Wo 1. with (l:sirii>t :ind suspicion, all fruit.-, liM\vr\,M- biM-bly extolled, w itii \''hieli they w<'rc lo-t iamiliar. Instead, tli refore, of testing the value of the now kinds, vhiili shc>rtlv PL Ivlmd ' I-laiid presents us \\ it ji th- .Vld^.t. ( 'apsbfaf. Knight's ,1L I.) Seedling, Fralt, \V.>tr:,tt. and Wilk- inson p.;n- Peek's Pleasant, and Khode i.dand < 'rcening a^qdes. Connecticut has ^riven u^ tic TTnwoll. and the late n,n-. Edward'^. < "alh^ .on. Citron. I'lM i~, Kli/.ab. tli ;ind Henri. 'tta pears, — an^l tio' (Miandho- apple. ^ I Mo-t of tho ,, tier Stat"S lia\ e likow iv,. uri'^inated aflerwards made their appearanc.>, fmm B<'lgiiHn. | (Vuits .d' excelh-nt qualit v. Irance, ami England, they at once det.Tmined b. | a. might have 1 n'exp.cted. I^onn-vlvania baa not withheld her quota nf One \ati\e Fruits. U^r ■'¥ liave nothing to do with them. On this account Lcnn-ylvania did not keep pace with the iniprove- nviits in Pomoh.gy: she fell behind the times. — »> ithiii a few years, hoW(>V(U', a view, nmre in accord- an iO ^vitb the Ameri.-an charaeter, has ray.idlv IxM^n gaining an ascendancy. .Viol now. there is a grow- 1' j: (Jtspo^iti(>n to become acquainted vitli ;ill ( d' tie' 1: w \ari(>iies of alleged merit, by suldectinir theni to a rigid S(^rutiny, and re(^)mmending su.di as. on npartial trial, are f umd t.. j.ossess qualities d-M^rv- !ii!.: (ommendation. This change of sentim.Mit ha^ >ult*>d in the introt days. Such ;ire the 'artlett or AVilliams' Bon ('retien, Bairre lios,-. '"urre d'Anj.ui, Beurre .FArcmberg. Povenne IJous- ^'^l<. Tho diMss d'.Vngoulciu", Puch.-ss d"( )rh:ins. Fhon- i Beaiify, Fondante d'Automne, (ilout Morceau, ■ Men PMuirre of Uilboa, Louise B^mnc do Jersey, ' ^' adise d'Automne, Rostiezer, SL Andre, Urbanisto, -i many oUier foreign varieties. Still tho greater . VOL. I. — 0. S(>ckel is uni\ el-sally ai-knowled;j.Ml to b,- tho I^riihN^ of I'ears. 'Idle parent tr(M^ i~- still in exl-t'uco, stand- ing on the ( lirai-d I'.^tate. n.w tic proportv (d' the City of Pliihi hdphia. ^^ iihin tw^ ..r thr-'.- mihv^ ofth" town ; and continues to yield its annual crop of luscious fruit. Scarcely inferior to the Seckel, is one of hor ofl'spring. the Ott. raisf^I by Mr. Samuel Ott, (d" Mont- gomery Counly. i\)ssessing the same high and pe" culiar flavor as its parent, its p'-riod of maturity is at a diiforent season of the year. Instead {)les. s«»ino (•(' \vlil<*b ;u''' of much ex- cellence. Ill tlic list lire incliulcil tli" Ib-omcimm, Crawford, i\ill(Mnvii1(l<^r, Jcficri.^s, Klaj>i\>tli, Liu-quicr, Miller, llcpublicau Pi].piu, Smokehouse, Summer Sweet Paradise, Town^-cnd, W inter Sweet Paradise, itc. 10 feet higii. i"wr jiiarkel, jiiiij^oses they are a vcrj profitable crop. Plant Snop short, or liush beans early in May, and every two weeks thercuifter, till the middle of July. Sow a full crop of beets for ilie lalih^ and a full crop of mangold \Mirtzel for the winter stock. Tlio host garden beets fm- \\ inter ued ( v ry } to G in.ches in the I'ow. >\ lien they are n{), thin thart — ^ mangold wurtzel to 0 inch'-j apart. S.)W a full crop of carrots. Vio lu-efer k(M'j.;ng tlio seed in moist sand Iwo days before sowing; it tlu^reltj ve<^';"tates at one ' for family us(\ 'IMe^ Jleni carrot is the riidiest. I'or held culture the L(;ng erango for li^dit soil ami lie' Altringham lor heavy soils arc to be pref 'rr-d. l^irsnip- are an indisjMMi^ahle vegetable, heiii;^ in perfectiun during the early spring months, wli-.n From investigations recently made in the \ieinily of Philadelphia by the Fruit Committee of nnr Horti- cultural Society, it is beiievca Uer*^ avo many Nau.a- , ^ ble fruits in this State, entirely unkno^vn beyond their, <'vher vegetables are scarce. J h-y produce a v.:t ori^rlnal locality. These, it is to he hoped, the Ta.m ; h^avy <-rop and are readdy eaten by cows and pi^s. Journal will be the means of hrin^in^ inh. notice. Our slock of that do,-cr.pte>n, n.w have th.m daily To aid in accomplishing the same object, the Penn- eylvania Horticultural Society would also be happy, at all times, to receive, by the most expeditious con- veyance, scions and specimens of any valuahl' n;\ti\'- fruits from the diilcrent sections of the State. Scions of six new Pennsylvania a.|.|.l"s ;;nd two new pears hrvc just been sent from liorks ceunty, through Mr. Robert Kil;\*n;?te,n, cf this city. The fruit I have not yet seen; specimens, however, Avill probably be forwarded durin;^ the present season. \V. D. IbuNCKi.i:, M. 1>. rhlla may be some of 3-our read ers that wouM vA\Ax a, woll supplied lahle of articles j b-'d. The (me vc;-tatea linely, and tic m W'-'i and some to spare to our neighljors. Every gardciur should sow half an ounce at least, of Salsify or vege- table oyster. Sow in shallow drills 0 inches apart. and thin out the plants to '■> inches in (lie row. Farlv corn i> a \ery im]tortant ;uixilli;'.ry to liio Ttible. IMant at once, Adams extra early f^r a !': ; crop, and t!ie early sugar, eight rowed (br the seccn-i and succeeding cro[>s. S.av Brocoli of the early {'ur- ple and early white sorts. Trans] >lanl tlem aboui the er.-l of dene «ir first week ol" July f'^r headinp Cnt in the lall and early in the \vinter. Melons are a very agreeable luxury. S^w a j';!''"" (.f the netted citron; an'-ri(a- variety. Tr ■ pare rich ground for egg plant and tematotvs wl:: • mav b<^ i.lant'd saf-ly aliout the mi]ant seed ana failure i> attrihnted to ha. I have seen two men sow seed out the same l»ag, on tic ,-am'^ plaid th(Mn. Uith^i"-' den have now all their early crops ahovo ground, and ' aro preparing ground for Lima beans, tiiat should be planted in rich, light, mellow soil in hills t feet apart. Plant the bean on its edge, with the eye towards the ground; cover lightly, choose dry warm weather for the planting, give them poles from 8 to treatment if the plant is alive and has root it wilH'' sure to grow. Flowers. — There is no embellishment that so m"' adorns a residence as these emblems of purity 1^' innocence. The columns of the portico and pia^^ r>i appear more rural when clothed with verdure. The jasmine, the monthly clematis and climl>ing monthly roses are all very appropriate. ()i louses the follow- ing six are Hue monthly .limbing sorts: Whito Microphylla, I'liillipart, pink; Fcilenberg, red; Jannc do prey, bull': Infant de Ajacio, crimson; and C lory of R(/samond, scarlet. For monthlvbush ft/ roses select llermosa, pink; Souvenir, blush; Cels, hhisht^ [tink: Luxemborg. buff: Louis Philllppe, crim- «on: Queen of L.^mbardy. dn-p !•,>■; hjouKiis^ rose: ."^-.oi/aiai, Vi'low bull"; 1 )c\ otilen>is, ereainv "white: aa I 1-ab-l. pm-o v,-hit". Tlev-o will furni.di a >uc- cessi<.n of b!,.oni iVom May till l>ec..rnbiT, ;iiel can bo [.rf.riircd ('-"in any r. t;'rs, ''•'-^■n' t.-.iw.''!; >to/ks, i'hiox Prnmnioiidii, nin,' ,i7. It C(»mes very early int.- bearing, producing a fair crop of fruit the tlnr i y ,a- ir.»ni the bud. Serond, It adds greatly to the size and tlavour of the fruit. Indeed the contract brtwr.n the fruit grown on ihi^ p.ear -tr.ok, and that grown on tlie (piine ., i> alnr-.i in -r-diblr, a^ iv-ard-: b,,th .-i/.- and llavcin-, and mar,y ..l"yoi;r r^ad'Ts if -hown a Seckcl pear, a Banlett or a Ihairre du roj (the d.'tei ioru-,;^ \'irgalieu) grown on thi.> .-tuck, would seare.-jy r,- wr. nix' lle-m. T^iird, Tho lindtrd spao r.^pii,-. d to -row Vac trce.-«: \sblcii sol. lorn attain :in altitude- b.',.,n,l i;v, r,iy feet, thereby -i\iii- faribty for coll,.,nii- r'-.,. i.-r-r with'Uit injur V-. I-"irth, It tran^^planK wirfi uince .stock, is now attracting more attention ti.aii at any form -r peri(M]. and largo import;;;;. ,n> are an- nually mado from Ibir. po. (»nr own nursery men are preparing to su])ply the d -roNNi.^.^r ,.i\.Ii,,i,,. iVuit>, I w i.di to ,a!| their attontiun to the ad\antages po-.-......,l ],y this stock mvhn' i>r->j. r managom.'nt. It h;i^ bo.',, a^^^ert.'d t!i;it tli- po.,r oa the .iuinc , i< .vb-rt livod. ^ "i-tonat-'ly this is neav assertion, ,„,t suMitbea by y*'-ts. 'I'll." }>roininont objootioii to tlie .pii„,;e stock ^'' ^^''^ 't i^' liablr to be attaoke,! l,y ih,. ••b..ror" in cemuion with apples. It i. wHd \., .n ;,, ib;a the 'l»»ince propagates by cuttings with the greatest fK'dity, producing from the |)art inserted, imm. n,,,. fihres, and the ohh^ the wood, the more nadilv ii roots. Ad^ant;l.r.. has been taken of tld^, to plant ' ^''''''■'' ^""" ''' '''^" "'"'■''^^'•''^ "^" ^' ^'^ •^'•^^'7 ;ire cx- the .' '"^'''' "'' ■"-'''^' ^'^"^ and tlu^ rpunce routs U; tho jnnction with the pear '''^"^^^- regularly, Jioavy crops of fruit, and yet they * ' ■ do not exhibit the first symptoms of decay. Added to wh:( h. the ^-iiperior k-'T'pin-jr 'pi;ditio<. and the im tlowr bnd tlc' Ibblossing Sopt^mb.-r 1 ^.ait the fruit tu the il u-ticulturai Society's KAbliati.Mi. u here il received a premium. The trees were about six feet higli nearly en quenouiUe or cone shaped. It has also been asserted that the pear or quince \f. n-t ad;ipt.d to orrh,t:-d purposes. I ibinl-; time and exporionoo uill pr,,',.. ibo as.vniMii an on' a-. li ,m certain, the l'ron-!i a,,,,i U.-j.-iar,. 1,;in,. u- d it, and are nww n ing it most extensi\oly Ibr orchard.^, and find tlear profit in it. We do not claim for thi«. -y >vk that 11 Will produce the .piantiry of t'rnir t!i;i: tiie pear stock will, but wo ,1., , !;ii,n. tiiaf \'v.^^n a -ivm number of .,pi;ire yar-b- nnd'T oulti\aii-n. i^ wi'I p-..- dnce a gro;il.-r woi-bi ..f tVnit an. I of bottor .pmi.'ty. 'I'll" bronoh frnit gr..w,a-s ha.vo ulnio-t invarial.ly adopte.j th.' cojiira! ,,r (pimouill." ,^t\le ..f tr;iinin'/, and plant tic tr-'es in ro\\>i ci^^br or ton f.-.a. aii.art. l-ortune> li;iv,^ b.'cn reali/.ed fr<.m th.Mailti\ ;iti doiioious fiaiit. '-no.. •■.bio_r each no.st in a damp situation: a:id to be succossfiillv ' 1 < t 1 » •, , . ^" -~ cd^u -rown ronnl.n 1 r .'• ^"Ccesstull^ , ^tl,.:" Ir.ib dulv t.. .\prib renders t w^a-thytho at*-n- ^,^o^^n, requires ;in annu;d application of well rr.tted ' .• ,• " u- b r.i •, ^^ ' * ' !a II o| every cultivator of the soil. Our climate is every way adapted to the culture of manure twu or three inches in depth, and in rpiantity bropnrtionat<» to the size of the tree. It may be ap- rdied in the month of November, on the surface of the earth, and by spring, what remains can be turned the pear on this stock, and we liope to see the day when orchards not ''few and far between" will ani- , . „, _. .^ ^^ pIv repay in a pecuniary point of view, the enter- -nder with the 8pade. The application of manure I ^''rhU^^ihi^7^i,, 1851. '^'"'' ^'^ *'"■''"• ■' -^fwmm: 52 ITOT^TTCULTirRAL SOCIETY. [May, cumljors and Isaac B. Baxter — Ilhubarl^ and iiu,j AKpara^us. 'J'Ik! l()llowlni»; prcniiinns were awardftl, viz: — For the ])est Kverbluominji; ilosos, to .Jam(^s llitchie; for the }>ost Pansios, to IV'tor Maekcnzio; for tlie second ])est Pansies, to James ]litchi(^; Ibr tlic best and most interostin<>; collection of idants in pots, to Thomas Meeluin, ^ardcncM', to A. INI. East\vi(;k; for tlie stH-tuKl best, to l{()l)crt Scott, foreman to llo)>ort Buist: for the third best, to dolm (jialla;:;hor, fi^ardcncr to Mi--^ Cjorticultuval Ijodctica. Proceedings of the Peniis\lvaiiia Horticultural So- ciety. The stated monthly meetin<^ of tliis Society oc- curred on Tuesday evening, April I5th, 1851, and was held in the Chinese Soloon, riiihuh Iphia. The President in the chair. These periodical oc- casions are of such a character, that individuals of all dispositions,— the a.- gratification. pital,'for a fine display. A few only of the most interesting plants from each ^ y^^.^^ ^f thanks w^as accorded to Pr. Jolm T. coll'K^tion will b(^ noticed. Among those from tlie ■ J^lh^rpless fi)r the present of a package of culiuaiy collection of Frederick Linnig were the Gardenia j ye(retabh) seeds, obtained by him in Cairo, Kgvpt. Sf.a)ih'f/(ina of r(M'cnt introduction — a plant of pros- ! '~^vf,'ni/,^'rs> y.hrti^d' S:nnn«d S. llaldeman to hononuv trate liahit an(lsymnietricaMorm,tlirv)Wingupsienaer ,^j-j,j corresponding membership. An^vlin, Josejdi McUhcnny, John Miller, P. \\ ycliutf "'^ ' ~^ and A. B. (Jummings. On motion, adjorned. Tho. P. James, Bcconlimj Secretary. AVc are indebted to Thoma^ P. Jam'-s, P'sq., Seor*^ tary of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, f t the a]»ove detailed report of the proceedings of that association. They wdll be found to possess much light pink hue, delicated plant in full | Premiums oifered by the Pennsylvania lb >rtu-uh.ir;u bloom, from California, allied to Arlnitus Pimelia snectabilis, a pretty plant; fragrant and rich llya ciuths and beautiful Pelar •gonia. In the contribution from Miss (iratz vrr.re a fine specimen of Campamda ri'thi/is bearing large l:>lue l)ell flowers along its V)ranches — a handsonv; plant; Showy^ [Azaleas, a flowering Jirt/oi>hi/lln!)i raJr/rinam, P(dargouia3 and Fu(disit3e. Among those in A. M. Kastwick's coUec- lection — were a new species allied to Justicini, live Azaleas and lTy;i<'inths. James llitchie's embraced a selection of the choicest Hoses. Jauy^s (jowen's gardener presented cut flowers of beautiful llanuncu- lus. Apples constituted the oidy fruit shown yet pos- sessing interest— Tames Jaekson, of l^uakertown, Bucksco. — a seedling of much merit. Pr. Brinckle' Bpec.imens whi(di he received from Charlies Carnenter, Potty's Island, Lake Erie, called " Carpenter's No. 2,'^ froiii A. Fahnestoi'k, Syraeiihia, for the month of May. At the stated nuM^^ting on the 20th, at 8 o'clock, V. M CaMeu.ia. — For the best American Seedling, ex- blted to th<^ appropriate Committeo from Pe- ^ cember to Mav, inclusive, Silver M-"!'' PELAR(;oMrM<. -For the best, six nnmed vario- 2 0^ 1 (X^ ties, m pots. For the 2d best do. do. Roses, Perpetual. — For the best, six named v.i-^^ rieties, in pots, ^^^ For the second best, ''"^ do. do l^osE. — For the best American Seedling, ^^^^- ^ blooming, in a pot, Bronie MeUai 2 r' 1 00 its t 4 IRM DORIvINTI CHICKENS. ^>Z Tulips. — For the best single, eight named var. 2 "ii V\^<, — For the best, half a peck, For the 2d best do. do. 1 noj For the 2d !»e8t do. PiARS. — For the l»ost six named specimens, 2 00, IVn \toes. — For th< 'ir>t, ten pounds, Ari'LES. — Tor th(^ best, three named varieties, ,,..... four specimens of each, 2 00 Clclmuers. — For the best, six specimens, 2 00 liir; i;\!:n. — For the best, twelve stalks, 2 00 I" '!• the 2d best do. 1 00 For the 2d liest do. 2 00 1 00 2 00 i UO Cf Mi;vr ro- Ifnr^Errorn Use.— Take now milk» half a pint, aici nirdl" with sharp vine:r;ir: separate the whey antnck llcir ji-'ulirv vuimIs v,ii!i lii\vl> (.f ini'vt d<">irable shaju- and ^i/.e, eh'tlnMl 111 rieh and xarie^ated pluniagr, and. nut fX|MMiiiig I" I'lrriion, are willing to o\'"rli.(.k on- or t\\M niher points, the PorkiiiL^s are ihr hr-".!. above all Mtli-T- to h<> selected. Tlifv a.re lariT.'r-l .odi.Ml. and ..f h-u-r ]>r<>porti<>ns, aceordin^ to th-ir >\z^\ than aiiv niher ^ari.'ty I have yet sc(M1, their InHJi,'^ Ih-Juu^" I'atli-r l"iiL'. plnnip, and \vell-(]e>hrd ; and the !,r.'.d.;\ ;■.> ^V'li a< tlie liMiis-wiJe, ;^enerally b-diold- \\'\\\\ deliw-ht tie ir slinrt le;j:<. full. I, p. ad hnM^ts. little waste in "tl'il. and the large iniatitity ^f n;,H.d profitable fiesh, \ fie ll;i\"r ami appearance of which is inferior to li' -ne. I'll" v^srV; ;^r,> iaa_^iiilieont. The most gorgeous' Inie^ are fre,,uently laNi-he.] up..n then,, whleh their lar-e si/e and p.Muliarlv siiuare-bnilt fnnii di-plav to great a(hama;re. The nri-inal Pnrkings are said to; have l)een whit-, but .such are now seldom to be seen. Paring all my rambles, in sarious part^ ..f the coun- ' try. only on ono or two oooasions did 1 meet with ' f'ure-white birds. In all, however, as far as my' Kn.^wlrdgc extended, wlcn piire],l,,(,dc,i. n,:,r,' or less I ^vliite prevailed: but tli- dnudings and markings of j tlie plumage w.re unlimited. Many w^-v.- maTked ' ^vitli ban. Is. Mr bar-, nf a^hy-.^rey, running into eacdi ' etle T at their paler margins. Some hnd the hackles of the ne, k white, with a tinge of yellow, and the h'"ly >«t a darker or brownish-red, intermixed irregu- i kirly with white; while others were beautifully vari- egated with white, lilack, green, and brown, or were : noarly uniform in their shades from a light-cream color to almost black. '*"''i the e n k- and h"ii^ are usuailv ^h^rt-lerrnrr-d* thi(de-like comhs. w hich, when they are in lii^h health, add vur tors (.ii'ai'h f-iof. a li'tli on-' jirotrud«'-> iVoin the same rout a> th- leel toe ill thec.,nim"n \ari''ti'-. which i- ;:er..Taii\ ri-ard 'd as a distinL''ui>hing mai'k of tie' \>r 1. The Weight rtv spect, they are steady and good mothers wh-n the little ones appear. 'J'hey are l»etter adapt, il than any otlcr r.i\\I. txcipt thegr«*at .Malay, to hat.-h >u|)>'ra biiiclanf turkey's eggs. Tlcir si/.'> aiel bulk enable them to affor.I warmth and -hi'lt -r to ih • turk.'y poults for a long time. For the same reason, s{>aro goose eggs may safely be entrusted to their motherly care. Their young, in this country, have thus far proved very hardy and easy to rear. The chiekrt are generally brownish.yellow, with a broa <:7^^^t^' The above plate of a YiUa Farm JIdiisp lias Loon <'l>lilling a dignified and superior character, without indulginc; in too much ornament. The exterior, as shown in tlir (1 ovation, is varied and picturesque, expressive of solidity, convenience, comfort, and a considerable degree of elegance. The bay-window and veranda, taken in connection wnth the construction, bestow a villa-like character on the design, while the large kitchen chinmey and the ab- senne of all tracery to the gables, indicate a country house of less pretension than the highly ornamental cottage or villa. Accommodation. The plan of the first floor show^ an entrance hall, 10 feet wide. On cither side ft these are the two })rin( ij*al apnrtnnMits — the liviUp' room aii'l th*' parlor, liy connecting these room-"^ and the hall with large slioinLC dooi-s, tlu' ^^hole ouu be thrown into one hands. mu,' Miit^ i>n any occasicn. and the arrangement will alwny nil to the cooluo>i and airiness of the rooms in sinnnur. At the end of the entrance hall is a staircase pii^ sage GJ feet wide, leading to the kitchen, dairy or milk-room, wood-house, etc. The kitchen has a large pantry, and the living-room a email one, both lighted by one of the front window^. ft ■r. m i:iM ToKMAL 50 r'wm^i'VZTr^f 'Twv^ftr.^j *—f '!>- -^ Amunjummmr^ ^ . -M.Mrflr v mrnami't MiM' iii i 1 1 1 1 « iL% ^-^ "My-^ar t -f ^t, ■g^-;-.jij^.« rt^ TT E F A 1] ^r T 0 T" "R X A L. ?ub-(?Mtor'a Ocp.irtimiit. w-WCTW if ^ mm I M i' i i .11 ;i-..„i; j . \ I ) 3 IS i . *i. In order that the Farm Joirxal may be placed within the reach of every one who feels interested in tin' progress of Agriculture, we ask attention to the folio \vin<2; terms : — Stncle Coi'ies, I'lVE Tin' '* 'r-.viMv " 1 {h;i' ail ]:■ ■ I I i( I 7 "-*» !)'i'- ill r .liihillll. n ■liil> 1i,.mM ! I~ M"t !•' . jUil""! t ha* ]..■ v.'Ilt !< • o!,i' I MJici'. \\ .' \\ I M 111 M 1 t l;-!.! ' iH \\ ra ' I- ])ers,) to as inanv ilifl" i- iit cilices as may I'' envcssa- iv. Wr nia'x" ! hi- arian;:»'iiu'ut in ord'T that persons r'v>i'iiiiu; in 'htl'a- ii! n'-ighhorhomls may nnin-. and form laru:-' ciuh-. and thus secure the " JvH i:.\AL"' at the very lowest elub ratcfJ. Specnuen c(>pies of the Jori;\ \l willbr^ sont on ap- 1 lication. rost-pnid, to the juihlish'T. I\t.st Afns'fers, are by law, authoris" 1 to remit sub- scription money to the publisher, JVcc of posla(je. — Tarticular attention i- a-ki 1 t> this fact, as it will bavc expense both to suljscrii)(>rs and ]ml»lisher. Our Terms ;ir*' < \ lurnished renders this imperative. Subscriptions may be sent at our risk, and money at par where suhssiribers reside, will b" taken. AVhere the sum to be sent is large we pre- f-r that a draft sluaihl be ]u*ocured, if possible. Subscribers ;!n ! i*-i M ;-;•;•' :\v ii.vited to act as AgiMits. A recei|>t wi!! 1 1 ways be sent with the first n'iiM^er of the copy subscribed f!". All letters must be addressed, pu'^t pniJ, to the pul>- lishcr. A. M. SIWXCLKli, Lancaster. Pa, < )r:^an (>r t lie St ;tt c S »cict ;, . !t will be seen by the annexed resolutions which we f l'\ ii-' in tl'.t' I'l"! '.•'■'•' i; in > 't" the So. i'! V. An eiah .rromise that no ef- fort (»f ours will be spared to render the "Farm Jour- nal'^ worthy this generous expression of favor. If our friend' will now irive us their promised as- Pi-tanee. ^-e ^liall 1..' rnabl'-.l t" ri'.li' !ii ^nr V'^"nii-'^'- Resolved, 1' Imf ice di'tm t/n' esf>di!is/n/ie)if i(l>/is/ied in / V/i/r ihe }tmp,r exposition of the jwin- ciples (f ai/ri'ullure as pradised in our JSiafr. Jicsolmi, That we approve (fthc jdan cf tlic '' Penn- sj/Ivanid Form Journal,'" published in the city of hin- caster, Inj A. V. Spanfer and edited hifFrof. S. S. Jldd, noni : that for the present it be adopted as the. onjan if the Stale Soctit;/ : and tJiat farmers and all others interested in the subject of at/riculture be ating on Tuesday the 29th ult., appointed the fii>t exhibition of the State Society to be held at ilarrlsburg, in the ensu- ing October, as will be seen by reference to th.'ir pro- ceedings published in tliis number. Our agricultural friends at llarrisburg an 1 i lie citizens of Pauphin. ap})ear to have been fully awake upon this subjoct, ha^ incr ph^'^L: '1 theinselves ;<• i .iMvlde .1! I'e' suital ij (■■ ai \ .aii'Me-- ^ iif lantl-- atel lai il.liP.Lf-'. Wt'.'.i lli't.'.ai liiin'lr'd d'.llar^, c^M'fa m: \ . ;i'i I \]\<- ha::'!;-' 1 d-IIar* ni '•'•, it" nocessaiA'. t>- d' iVav cxpens.vs. \\ hil.' W:. mav regret that an- (';!\ ■A]r\ ( ', -iiox .''M ii't dl'-'r strongei^iiilueements to secure the imjK)rtant a.dvan tair'M)f havinjr the exIdbiti-Mi In our midst, we ran not but concede to th ■ m ii of Dauphin th" proper r<^war»l of their ent'M'prIze and spirit. Let us try to do bett'-r in future. In the mean time, Lancaster Count v must bestir hers df to prepare f'l- the <»xhibition. ll-r farnvni know they have a character abroad ; that the fame <»f th.'ir a'i:riculture is wid"lv ililfusad, ami tlnit, l-i fertility, prosperity, and practical skill, Lancaster County stantls second to ni» other district or section in the Commonwealth. It is right and proper, that their share, in the coming exhibition, should not fall short of their pusition and charat-ter. We do not en- tertain a doubt, that this county can nnike, with moderate efforts, a splenui,t-. niaii\ liia' cattl . m' i!!ioi'"^''1 Luvili-li I,,-,.,. lis — S(»ni ■■ "f wlii'li laivc b<"ai I'lii'li'T improved bv .T.. — in_^- V. ".ill "iir i;a:;vp <*".k. Il.irseswe are sure can be furni>hed i'n-m this County, erpial to av.y ill l.euutv ;iM i Mu'd, to be seen elsewhere, le-t t . sp«\ik of the majestic Conestoga draft-horse, v. hich i^ so wiilcly celebrated. Our farmers, too, have liberal- ly patronized the varinus agricultural madtlnes and in-!]-.h-nvm*s Avlii.-h have be-'U invented i-l' \:i[>' y-iir.-i tor facilitating an 1 -avin- lab-r. Many of these have becnintnuluced and approved a!:i"tiL: th' m.aii i may form very interesting (d»jects at the exhibition. As to the products of her soil, they are as various as the soil itself. There can be no want of fine speci- mens in this department: and nothing can be a legitimate subjcv-t of exhibition, than tho.se fruits of tlie earth, which arc the prin.^ipal car? of the agri- culturist. We are also of opinion, that Lancaster County, in the article of arbon^al fruit.s — of apples and pears especially, can make an admirable display. We happen to know, that an English farm-^r who ar- rived in this country about three years ago, was 56 EDITORIAL. [M w. 18';!.] ]:i>rrn]?rAL ' ( ■iri I struck with amazement, when he lii i saw the variety, abundance and beauty cf ilio ap|)l(!s, wliicli wre brought to our market. In addition to the <' matt-rs, specimens of our native timber, planed to ,-.lnnv the grain, indigenous plants and lierbs, rem ark able for medicinal qualities, or their elegance — the products of household industry and magnificence, may be cu- rious and interesting objects at the exhil/ition. But we would extend tliis appeal to other counties. Our State Society, in tliis material and inipnrtant mea ;ur«', niu^t 1»." sustained — not awkwardly, but Zealously and v/kIi correspondent s|)irit. The wh(tle agriruhui'al inl'Test <.l" the State, is d-'eply inv(dved in it. The first State Agricultural Ivxhihition in Penn^vKania, will enn^tituto ;ui eiiocli. \rio-]i],orin«!; Status will wend their dclcgntos, in un sniairnumber, U) visit our Agricultural I'^aii". Think hnw mortify- ing to every J\'nit>vl\auian, would he their m agri- ; rulture throughout tlie State, rmm tluMissemhling of the State Conventi'iu t;) the pn^sent tini \ the cause has advanced \silha lull and ilowing sail, li" the step just taken by the executive committee bo met as it should, throughout the Comnionwealih, lIku the cause is safe ; but if every thing be left to the eiforts of one, two, or three counties, and the exhiltitien turn out a failure, who would an^wr for the result? it pains us to think of the possihiiiiy. 'Idie iViendv (,(' the cause, must be up and doing. AV^e are assured, that nothing will be omitted at llarri-hu!--. to make the arrangements for the cxhihiuoii cwm})leLe, hy the selection of the most suitable grounds, the construc- tion of ilie jiroTv-r emdo-ures and ^le Iters, and the adcpriMn (,i" usid'ul regulations I'or the convenitan-e and edudbrt oi' all who may alPaid as \ isitors or con- trihul r<. It r-'maih-- I'or th" larmers and those \\ ho feel an int"re>t in tlu- improvenieni ol" agrieulture, in every part of mui- State, to h'-in and eontinui' their preparatiuu.s for ihks grand exhihilion. With an ear- nest effort on their part, we feel safe in predieting that the fair will redound to the credit of "ui' gnod Commonwealth, and give a wond' rfid imjxtu^ to th" cause of Air-riculture within hrv holders. I<\irniersl 1"^ rite tor the .louiiiiil. AVe herewith extend a cordial and hearty invitation to practical farmers to fa\(>r us with eonuninuoa- tiuns upon all subjects pertaining to Agriculture TTortieidture, Sec. One fact is wortli a dozen theo- ries ; and ii" the Farm Journal is destined to prosper, it can oidy do so thi-ough the assistance of th<-c vdi , are aide to comnmnicate th© results of theii- own ot> servation an*! ex])ei-ience. ddie fact that an ini{'"ira!;t truth is presented in plain language, does not in il, • slightest degree detract from its valu(\ and no reiulcref sensewillreject it because of th(^ simjdicity of si vlewlih which it is written. So far from being an ohjectlMii, an easy, familiar style is most to be (lesire(l, and fir tliis r(,'ason it has been a special object with us t,, avoid learn^'d teidmicalities as far as possihle. For these and other reasons whitdi might he gi\, n, we earne-tlv reouest our practical fariina-s to writ,' for the Journal. Through them, alone, can wo hope to rentage. In order to obviate the diliicidiy in part, we -hall always forward receipts to the persons seieiing ( hih lists, &c. Tliaiilis. "We are indebted to the following gentlemen fur Inindsome Clul) lists. lion. 0. \\. .M*Farland, Ilolli- davs>)ur. S. Kussel, d'owanda, Uradfu'd ce.. : Hon. (Ici>. W. WtMMlv.ard, \\ ilke>liarre, Lu/.eiaie co. -. linn. laitli'T Kidder, d')" : -iauies Gowen, l',^i|., IMiiladeljdna CO.; I»a\!d Tagi-art. \orthumh rland ; Isaac Markltw, iv'|., Nnna-towM : L. Ihiriddield. .M itllintown ; Hr, Ik h, Craulord, Tiiomp-'mit' i\n n, duiiiata co. ; J. 31. Cogley, Lewistown. ^lilllin co. : I)a\id r(d)l(\ Slicp- herdstown, Cumoerlaiul co, and to manv other kinl friends whose iiilluence has keen exerted in hchaiik f the dournal. \\ ill not others who desii-e the >uc' ■ - (d' our enterprise, folkcNV their example. A \ery trilling amount id' etl'oi-t will .secure like results, wher- ever put f >rtli. \\ iih the honest eonsci(^u-. In conscipeaice of di>apj. ointment kv oiir pap;'r maker, til'' puhlication of oiir present inimk' r li.i^ been delaved sever;Ll d:ivs hiu-r than we intended. — Our arrangfMuents are now su(di, that we hope to bo ahk' to ha\e tk'' --nhsequent numbei-s read\ liy tho lir>t of tk" m-nih; a fact to \\hi(h we ask the>peci:d attention of our con-e>poiidi'n(s. Advertiseinonts, To accommodate our advertising friends without encroaching upon the space devoted to reading mat- ter, we have added two extra pages, to the advertise- ments to which we ask the attention of our readers. i I m ■i in . %.\mr' «i»r. .njk..-^* Tu^xmrnaemi W9^Jf'-jmFW^Mei*X^M^'^ 'WUrim^JKM^X^Jm Vt iial ;i little clluit r;ui m-com ol i^li. It has probably never occurred to the Iriends of the Our \« w Uicss li v.ill k" >':\'n that ilie present numlnr of the I -u. h a diess as wouM i-end i- it worthy of preser- vation and lit f-r kindinj-. Tli • n^ a i\|)e, wlkndi arc realiv k.'auilful. are jVoia tk^ w II !.ii ^wn ikmck-v of L, Johnson cV I'o., 2\o. 0. San.-oui .St., IMiikek iphia. \otircs of the I'rcss. The exceedingly kitid mann^'r in which th" \ews- paji'r I^re^'s of oui- own and I'lk- r Stai"-- ka- noticed lie- fii'-t inimlier of tke [''aiau d,aii-nak ]»lac"- u> uiel.T deep olilcratiou-. Tk" k"M r-Ci'/n *iia: w^caji mak'e, ^'•dI ko (o cn.ka'vor to deserve the conim^Mid:'.' ions thev have so frc-U ke^-towed. i'urin Journal, how small an amount (T indi\ idual i '^^^^i'^^iAl a^jpears in an entire new dress. The gen- eftbrt is necessary to place ii k.-vood tke j,ossil>ility crous encouragement extended to our first Hiimker of failure. Tliere are, w. k'» enabled to pre- sent them witli a journal, w iiiek will truly an«l faith- fullv represent the agricultural i;iierests of tlie State, and prove' ;i W(d(^ome aiiil \;'dued visitor to every household. "Will not our iViend-^ hi eindi eounfy haul a helpini; hand to thi< L^'^'td cause '.'' ^^^' h;i\e >•'» aired the t, ,. ,,[ will and ser\iecs (d" a numlfP (<{ l*enii-\l\ aula's aklest cont I'ikutors, and every mad add> to [\\\< nuiii- her, I n!e-s (Mir a^^urane"^ are dt'cait i\ >■, rverv de- j)artment of ijur Journal will ke akl\ iilled. W'e -hall S}tare no expense to r'aidu- it-> illustrations and tvpo- grapli; '! ap]. ai'aiie" fully e<|ual to aiiv of lair ct>n- tenijioraries eLse\vlier<\ wkiUt tic eKcoedingly h»w ra'es at whi'ii wo turni'-d ir. places it wiiinii t lie reach ofe\er\ farmr»r's m Mii-, kowever liuki'd t be. Sli.ill we I lave o;iC hundred subscribers iVom . a. h /» • i ii i . i , , ^, „ .„ ,, , , ,' 'ur experience luis not enahlod us to sav whether county ni the State.' Shall we have the means fur ,. , , , i i , >, ^ ,. -. , ,, , , ,^ 1 . T^ ' t"*- ph^f^ pursued and ree<(mnn'nded ])v Mr W . is making our Journal all that the rennsvlvania Farm- ,., , . /»..!,,> , *o . . ,, , . . „ /.. 1 ^ , • likely to prove eflectual; but from tlie fact that he ers could desire, or shall we, alter having expended , , ,. , ..,.,, ., , ., , .., ., ..^ . . ; has so mu !i eoididence lu ii hujisidf, we -iiall he glad to see a fair trial given ii, and the ro«^u:t> made known. Since the offer of a reward 1\ tke State of Massaehu<(>tts of A ;< thousand doJliirs to the person M-ho discovers an effectual remedy f )r this disease of the Potato, a host of claimants have entered the li-ts as competitors for the prize. Of course m.iiN oj" tke su£:ir*'"ti"i!- ar • \". ■ 'rtlih'--, \'f w' mav lioji' that some plan will c\entual!y he discovered. \\h:i h will Throve . loil'il V snei^e<-';-rid. Tlie Potato iiot. Wo copy froni i' ' Jernvuitown T*d'^![rrnT>)j "xtra'^'tf! from several arti(d(-s on the suhjcct ol the ••potato ' '• '^^'^3 Hot," ]>\ Tracy K. Waller, who it will bo seen, conii- d(MUlv asserts, that he lia< a r inedy fir the disease. our capital, sit down \\ith the moi-tifying conscious- ness that It<'fiiii ii;/, M<<>ri III/ a u'l Il')/ij> CiiHiiij .V'/c////(c' is attract ing much attention iiow, and -lioidd •'"nnu 'lid uioi'e. So tar a-^ our ku' >w le.kj-c , ak.!)oii-h -'Noi-a] otlar- claim f(tr tkeir-, ad\a!it;i'_e-; wlneh // do. - ii,,t |,.,v- sess. \ more general introduction of this Macluue tan' >'*;"" '" ''' I nited States as were ever raised „ . . , . Ii'lore t ho aiiiM'aran.'e ot the uixm-o. alr^rds to mv m:my farmers now onlertan. in re__:-ard to mtproved , ,„-^,„p ,, ;,|„ ,'„ „„,,,.,, ,.;,!,. pp..;; M.n,ei..nt reason lariuoi- liiink lU' i,!v. kanea-t' r ( '■ uiil \ fuiaii-k"- a to di-koliove the statoneait re,, n; ly made, that the line ti-dd fur testinii; its good oualiti"-, and Mr. llu-- pkant dl"s like an animak i)i eonsefpiMn- -I "the seywill d.) himself and th pokljo a liNor ky id icinn- .^''^^^^^'^^''•''•^' 'i/' <^'*^ ^.'A'-" ^ ^^''^'^ imt ask the L,-i-l.iture r a • . , ' piaciu^ , ^ .Slo.iMM) for mv disoverv. I one or more of the'ca in u=h paces as wl afford the i n d "•'','«-'' ", - .;. ., ^ , ,,.• . ^ i oAs as will .luoiii UR j^i^.^H 1,,^. am I )lv rewarded it, on a fair and effice nt grain growers of this section an opportunity of as- trial, it will se'ttle the e ahne certaining thoroughly the j)rinciples upon which it is if it he ])roved that 1 am mistaken ; and as my r- m- '■ .\ow 1 ui: k'ftah.'- to -ay. an 1 vnI^i Ic'i'eaft' f /'/'err, to th" ^ati-faetiou of I'Verv fariu'-r in tic I idon, if he \\\\\ appiv th" t"-r \'.!iieh 1 a;u a'' ait to pi-ojio-o, that the (lisea^e o;aLrlnat"-^ in the di tii. a. ii.t\- ot i-. i-tain in- eredi.air- in tic soil, Tli" la^ t that miilioii< .1 hu-h- u[)erated. See advertisement. edv will add to tlie fertility of the soil in proportion Ir o!c- ca U l.^" aiiv- to the extent it luay k" app thing by the trial of it. ©ar-On the second page of the cover will be found I therefore assert, as my firm belief, that Charcoai, a description of Croasdale's Patent Seed Drill and jnopirh/ appliedy will ahcaj/s, aiid evvrj/whcre, prcvetU l^r^-rJ Cast Sower, a new implement of wirndi from | the disease knoirn as the '' Potato Pot J' ^ ,i,,» f.,..,,„..i 1 ... . , • 1 1 The use ef (diareoal as a frtili/.er is not a nex me i.i\orable representations received, we are induced Li •. . ii i •*. • i -.i • .i <• i *. .^^ a « . . » ' 1 thing, though it is only within tho tew last vears tlia to think W( 11. Wherever used, it has been found to , ajrriculturists have taken mu1" il to my knowledge, as a moans of preventing t!i" [)()tato rot. Nor can I learn that any other person ha:.?. A writer in the American Agriculturist, January, 1851, in speaking of the injury to the crops in some sec- tions of New York and New Jersey, last year, says of his own crop, "I mixed charcoal Avith tlu' compost of a small ]X)rtion of the ground ]»laiit(Hl: where this was done there was no rot.'' Tills is the soond yoar i]i;it I liavo entiThiiiicd lli" v]*'\vs T nm uoav nt them, 1 have r(-ison to ))(^li<'V(.' that mv hi))or will not ))e in \ain. 1 wotdd tlK^rclore reconnnond faiiU'Ts tliis season (it being now so near planting time) to ti-y it i-u a small scale, an*! proceed m the IblLcAin'i; maimer: 'I'ake one-eiglit !i oi an acre inalieMtohe j)hinted, eitlier in rows through th(! field or on one side of it — ground that wa-^ plowed last fall or early this s})ring will he th" best; spreare))ared in my articl-' last week,) evenly over it, and plow it in. Strike out the rows in iho -ood sound potatoes, middling si/,<', cut them in liall' len;;th- wise, so that each jtai-t will have an eipial portion oi" tlie eye or seed end, and place tlMin in the fnrrows cut side doAvn, (me foot a}»art. The rows shonid he at least three feet apart. Then throw a iiandinl of charcoal dust over each piece, and cover with a hoc. Cultivate during the season as you do the rest of the field, and immediately after tliey have blossomed, go through the rows with a bag or basket of charcoal dust, and sprinkle a handful on each hill at the root ; of the vines. lle])eat this again aliont three wtvks before the tubrcs liavc attained their ordinary growth. The alkalies in the compost are necessary as food for the }dant, but they will not ]trevent tic rot; fJinf is the office of the charcoal. 'I'he chemiial and phi- eiological action will be explalneil in the treatise 1 contemplate })nh!i>'iing mxt Tall or wint-T. Tie' quantity of charcoal, (and perhaps in some respect the mod'^ of applying it,) as 1 before mentioned, may have to be varied. On account of the lateness of the season, 1 would su"'irest that farmers who may he induced to try the reui'Hly 1 ha\e jirojiised. ])re}»are at once a compost for one-eighth of an acre (which will be sufllciont for a trial this year,) as follows: Pulverised charcoal lI5i) pnni\'l^. Bcmc dust, or best guano, ... 25 " Salt, 15 One large AN agon lo-ad of wt't and well-rotted barnyaril manure. Mix well together antl let it la^ until time to plafft, say two or three weeks. Next fall I shall bo happy to b<>ar by letter or oth- erwise from all who make a tri-al of t lie remedy. — The labor and expense nttentliug it will \u^ li'^'ht and easy. The compost A\ liich 1 would recomneaid when an acre or more is to be planted, will dift'er somrNvhat from that advised in last week's paper : and I Ib^po to be able to give some desirable mfornmtion on this interesting subject for the use of farmers next year. I shall be satisfied for the present if am instrumen- tal by tliesc articles in eliciting a more thorough in- vestigation into the nature of the potato disease. Tracy E. Waller. liising Sun, Philadtlphia co. Pa. AgriciiUure ami (Geology. The passage of the act appropriating eitrht thou- sand annually, to the publication !tf tie' final re])ort on the geology of (nir iu)ble State, 'will ]>" liailed with satisfaction, by every friend of Scientific Agriculiurc. This Sinn is to be appropriated annually fur four years, in order that the most cai-ful scrutiny may be given the work as it goes through tlio press ; aifl also to ensure the completion of it within the stipu- lated tim'\ in th'» styb^ rerpiii-. ■>! by the nature of i],^ publication, and witii a ])roji"r reg;ird lo tic I'rpu'.k- tion of the State. W'lien completed, it will con- tain several hun time when the original survey was ma ; hut we cojijine our- selves to its inlhnuito upon th(^ ayriculfurc of Penn- sylvania ; a subject more directly connected with th-' plan of this Journal. It is uom- well understood bv all intelligeut men, that the tlnnry and practi».e of farming rest-< upnn a knowh'!lg"of tic s.>ils to be farmed: and it is tic hn (if tic ;j;iM»|()'^ist to as- ci'rtain the localliry, extait. and jiciailiar iX'>n»M'al cliarace'ri>tics of radi principal varii't v of soil. 11 'V thoroughly th:^; m ;y hi' diii.- will appi'ar upon an i;. spcH'tionof any good geological map. The science of chemi>ti'y. going haml in hand \\ith ])ractice in the field, has been discovering and • xplaining the man- ner in which the differont (rops receive their nour- ishncnt — what kind-; of f>oil thev reijuire — wlmt proportion of such foo(l each soil contains — when ar- tificial supplies are lu^'ded, aiul what kind of aid i^ to b" given, wheth"r by carrying other soils, lini', stable uuiinire or otlcr materijils, or by turninu" ui' sub-soils, i^'c, ; atid with th.e h^dp (d" geology tn Tnethood jxeologi^^'ii' ma]^ bid'ore us there would he little diflicultv in i'!'"- paring su'di dirci tion< l\>r ih ■ fai'miuLr {'"pulaticai c: each locality, as \\ould ad\ance our a:;ri( nil ure to ii de-'^roe not dreame(l of l.v a majoritv td" oui' v..i\aii : in this deiiarlrn'Mit. luid wdiere they ma\ cnjov facili- ties e(p]al t" those now open to persons of other pi'"- fessions, it will he essential to have a good repre.'^on- tation of our various soils, the houinhiries of whii'li are vory intricate. This must be lie basis of our elemenlarv education. Some time \\ill l,o ncodcJ after the [uiblication 'd" the report, to p]-t^pare suit^v blcMlbstracts for tlcxoun'.r faianers : and this c•'^■■ sidei'ation shouhl ha.^len tic conclusion (d' llie weiv \\ ith respect to a general estimate of our agrimil- tural wealth, and the natural routes tu the grc:it markets, no man who has not personally cxaminiHi every county of the State can bo well infonno'l without the aid of a geological map and particular description. '^ m m:^Tii-mr*' r-sT'^ r. - r^.x^ ."•^'rrwf".-f'^; i'-thm—V-jmi.irrrtmt^.M 1k-Mr»'3 i»ook iX'otiiTj. curator of the collections; a librarian; and an over" seer of studies. tn tliO German schools, one at Hrunswlek has thirteen professors as follows: — 1, Physics and gene- ral chemistry. 2, Pure mathematics, g(M)metrv and linear drawing. 3, Mineralogy and zo Kii-ii:;: horses, (lisea.ses, X-r.. of d.imestic animals. 11. \'(eiin;iry m-dicine. 1 _\ I'orest science. id, A i'ehit'eMir". (^ i here ai' t'.\o j^jrofessors in thi.-s ''';i'|' h.i ddcre are extensive ca' in is, laljoralories, a nuiseuia. hot inic garden, itc. Il thr,-- hundi'ed :ir ' to be Selected from th d'!: jdan piv. posed |,v Pre-id 'a! llit it d' six i/cars fi. in il age of is based upon an ext«Misivo examination *.f Fairopean models. 1 ..r a faini ' d' m. .d rale size he recommeud.s Scvenfeen/h Annual Re-port of the Superintend rut of Cftmjnon Srhoot.^. By A. L. Russell, Superinten- dent: Harrisburg, 1S51. pp. 75. The Governor of Pennsylvania, with a just appre- ( : iiion of the wants of the State, reconnnended the formation of a State Agricultural l>ej»artment in his annual message, and tic Secretary of State takes an- other st«']> in the same direction in le.onun' nding the 1 M'uiatien id a Slate A;_:ideuli ural 1 n -lii in i^ ri up-n a ketdie-^ at ^ouj.' h-ngtil, hul whir!! We 1 1 l.m whiidi Wi ♦ 1,, le •I'e ]■ C ^Ke[ciie en ' ow in it > detail <. Aei^ordinir to th - pi m. to lie ;i, , I imiii. idat ! ai fa* !!•■.■• hundred j^aoiN, r 11 d' W Stat 1 wclvc. e. dan 11: a ( 1! I II Una thous.md acres of laml are proposed for the from 1 professors of the fob Tistitution, afibrding "a sufficient area fi)r the practice ^'*^''''^- -'subjects: — 1. I! e-thidturr yvlvIeMlture and uf tillage, after de-lneting space i^or ic ood lands, oreh '(!•'!■. pleasure grMund-. vard^ an 1 halldino's. Its surface shouM be diver-ife d hv ///// and meadow, adapted, in its several points, to the best culture, not oidy o{ grain, but of vei/etahles and fruits, and to the raising of all kinds of ^VorA-." A library, and eabinets iu the various departments of science are includ^^d in tlie ]d:in. I^i]//it professors are proposed fur the following sub- jects: 1. Ihiglish Literature aiid M( ntal Philosophy, ex- ojjirli) President of tie laculty. with two assista'nts. 2. General History and Political Kconomy, with one assistant. ."). .^lat 'leiinitie-. with two ;c>i>tant-. d. PrArtic;il Farming and Rural Areliiteeiure, \slth s;x a^-i-fants. o. .\-i-i.ailtiiral and geniM'al (de nih^^iw. G •do.^v, and IJotany. with two a^-i-tant^. f'. Natural Philosophy. .Mechani.'s, and Knginc'r- Ing, with two a->i-.tants. 7. < 'omj'arative Anatomy, and P]iy.>ician. 8. (Jerman Language, with one assistant. d he assistants nm-nrst to sixteen, six of which ' jihould be females." In the scconel|.M,l^. accia-din'-- t" Pi'd. Hitidico.d^^ Peport, there art' >/.'• ]a'ef->sors :is r,dlows:— 1. liural r..-,,i,Mmy. 2, Agriculf are. 3, /v)otechny, or ccoU'^my ,d' animab. 1. SxM, ,,lture (forest trees) and botany. :>, ( i,, niisn-y. Pjiy.sics, and agricultural Geology, r,. U^ral Luglneering. ^" 'he Pieiirh Agronomic lustitnii.ei. tln^re are ?«i/mentarv and agricul- tural chemistry. I. \atural histt»ry, geology, and curator -f t!i ' collections. 5, Anatomv, physiolon-v, and veterinary medicine and surgery. G, Mathema- tics of agriculture, such as farm accounts, irrigation, drainintr, surveyinir. hwading, roads, bride-'^*;. Sco. — 1 his ap.pi ar.- 1m m.. t, h'' the smalle>t nmoh'-r uf professors with Nslii* U an Institution can b • respecta- ble and useful, even at it.i commencement. Tico years is named a- the diii'iui -n .d' ihi- i'wurse. The h>ast learned and most iuefhcient memh. r of a college is often made its president, a rule winch shonl i I e departed from in an agricultural in>tiiii- ti'Oi. becau-e there Is no reason .\ii\ i!ii<(d;ii' r deuld in-tiaicL in .ai" hraneh i-aiher than in aieiiher: and it iniLdit !iap]> ai that tic profess(u- ^ d' .\;j:i-i(ai] ui'e .,r (da ani-try w.aild h i\e h;tter admhii-: rat i^ c tahaii.s th in th'' prolessoi' (d latei-jem'e « a* Rural econ. mv. Ml". Ra->ellomit- /otd«»uv ;^!el tic \e!''rin,u-\ a'l an 1 he a>^igns c.'ini'arative anat.imy t.' th" ph\ «-i( aaii, insteading of dividing it (with i hysiology) between the two former branches; because the general sul>- ject of these sciences isconnecded with zo(doL:v. \' hlf^t their special applicaii(jn hclungs ttj tlie econiaav. hy- giene, and diseases of domestic anitnals. Tf a niudificatlon oi .^Ir. Russell's pi a a were adopt- ed, the best pupils of tiie connnon schools would bo admitted, so that the lower grades of instruction would not be Included ; and if German and French were well taught In the literary course, and a diplo- ma granted to the graduates, a large number of col- lege students would prefer it. German and French arc more useful than Greek and Latin, and as much knowledge of the latter miglit be acquired in a course extending thri.] BOOK N()'rTOi:s--rv)NTKX'rs. r>] [Ma even this amount of (Jrcok and Latin is not taii;i;lit, it being extremely rare to find a r(iiicfi <>f its cuttarc By T. 1>. Minor. Kinliollish(Ml hy 3") fine* engravings, JNew York: C. M. Saxlon, lS;Vl, pp. 350. This is the i'om-lli odiiinn of one of ^Tr. Snxton's useful publications, and tli" more AVorthy (d' attention, because it is the most extensive Aniorican work on the sul)ject, foun(lod upon ])rart!(';il oliservation. llis rather strange that there shouhl ]>c so f.^w obscrvors of the habits of bees in this country, tlie subject be- ing an interesting one which lias attracted much at- tention in Europe. This is evident IVmu tlic fa«'t iluit at the death of tho distinLruisluMl cntoiiKdoirist, Pro- fessor Audouiu. lil-; library was found to conlain 7 t different treatises on the honev-lu'c. and at loa^t L50 on the silk-worm and silk culture. We have no practical knowledge of bees, lia\ing been prevented from getting them on accf)unt of kial- mia (commonly enll-'^d laureb) 'j;i-(.\n iuu; in (e stemmata being aboV(\ The notion that tlu^ black bees scmietimes seen owe their color to a-v, is not supported by tlie general f\icts rurnibhed by the in- sect world. Insects require light to give them tb( ii' natural color, but old individuals are very apt to fade. Mr. Minor states that there is '' not the slio-htest^' organic diff«^rence between the various kind of work- ers, whilst Iluber asserts that the wax-workers have the abdomen more dilated. The labors of the fath- ers of apiculture should not bo rashly condemned as our author is inclined to do on p. 56. Among the authors there mentioned are Hunter, one of the dis- coverers of the origin of wax ; and Schirach, the dis- coverer of the uKjde of forming a <|ucen out of the larva (d' a worker. Discrejiancies are to be funid in the accounts of various authors, some of which arc to be accountod f »r by dillerencs of country temperature, or location. Mr. Miner agrees with those who assert that the Ijoe moth enters the hive, whilst on<' of th(^ Patent Offifo Reports states that the eggs are laid in external crevi- ces, and that the larva enters the hive after h.;,,^ hatchcid. Both parties may be correct under certain circumstances. In works of this kind a list of the best autlioritioR should be given, with the title and dates of the l„K,kg published, and the names of the princij>al discover- ers should 1)0 stated. It is especially desirable to have American publications and reprints mentioned, including articles in the periodicals. Thr Amrri<-au B>;;Jtr>/ Tar : preparing this work was assigned to him." l r tn this amount of know leclge wiMuight have exp'^'clcj an original work, but this is not so much a com}tilaii":. of materials a^ a wholesale adoption of the laber ;.ii'i cninposition of (.tliers, particularly the work of lii Rev. E. S, nix^n, ^vhe-e name shervatlnns, facts, and even tiieoretical \iews without credit. Jb> asserts that he possesses the rare book '(hiTus sanitatis" in tii' very words used hy Dixon in stating that lo Iims it. The \elume is illustrated with figures oC the va- rious f )wls d(\^eribed, and as many readiu's w ill n't care about knowing who the authors of tlu^ va- rious incorporated parts may be, it will answer their purpose, as the selections are carfnlK- made. Sev- eral representations of the chick in the egg are given, and the author states that this " has been so fully described by many writers, from Aristotle down to Reaumur, that I need merely refer the reader to A [4 them.' Vet this subject was in its infancy until a recent period. Samuel Allen adds an App' ndix, in which he ir.-ats of the comparative merits of different ))reeds of fowds; profits of poultry raising; the egg trade and poultry Htatistics. Apart ^mm the defects we have pointed out, liiis is a useful N.ibinc', which maybe much improved in an another edition. i'atlt' Ihl \V. V",inff and H'. ( '. L. Martin: The I'liiruoSo^ic al .loiiiiiaS loi gv5f: Dh.Vo ri-.l) li ) Scie/ict\ Liti I aturtdnd (s'tmnif l/i!t tlia^nice. TO kii \v ' iiix Ivt -^ i- a matt' r t' ! 1' ! r>l imixu lancf. ami thor«» is iiii(ii kn ■M.lvdge s»i well ii.s by tho Hid (t IHltK.N* iLOUV, \vtiii !i f"!ni^ lli.- leading ft'dture of tlie .Ii>iirnal I'mysioi-oct and Hioit: h.i.L(^iioN will make it inviilua- bli- a> a guide to m<)tlifr> in tin; training i>f chii'lrtii. The Moohanio, th«! Farmer, the Prufyssional Man. thi» Student, the Teacher, and the Mf'tlicr. will find each numbir of the Jour- nal an in~tru(t ive and valnaMf ouuipanicn. TKH.MS IN \!>\ \N'Ci^: Single coj-y, one year, '^100; ten ciipios. one year, >7 Ui). N. IJ. — Pb'ase address all letters. p"-t paid, to K)\vlf;kn sl wf.lls. April — 3m No. l.'>l Na.sj^au hlre«'t. New Vork. Th" HKST and MO>:t VAI.r AIU.K hiiii'i a treatise on iluir A/>'/.s\ M mt nt and Agricultural liii|»l<'iiieiits X, MaclftMU^ry J),srasrs, cntnpy-islny a full hisfury y tlit .Mat yl:i tid Slate , li^rir u!tu ra I Surirt // , At Ihfir 3rd AiiTiual lair. h-M in Daiiinioro li3'l 'Jl*!; .'ci'l -JMli Oct'.hiT. ls,.i/' (I i(d initl: ; fin' nahii'' and tiiat//ant of tlicir di.srdscs, (i'c,, (f''.. iri//i 1'f rations. — Kdit.d l,y A. Stevens, Xnr ]'or,{- : CM. Saxf(jn. I^ol, int. d7<». , ,. ,^ ,. , ,r • n- • ' F'T t]i.> b.-f F'l"w in th.' i'l"wiiiL' Mat-b. lb-- Prouty & I he luine's (.1 i .rntitt ;\nd >l;irtin are a suttK icnt M.-irsN" ^^\ . . •f.inO) ;:n;inintcc nf tie- Naluc of tbdr Nvritin-s, the f.rneT ^"''^ l.';,,,;;',;;,;''''"^"- "^^'^ ''^ T.am.sam.. plow, (Special ' ^ ^^ hiixio"- bcm emiecnlK i-raclicil ;i- well :i> iinssO-SSin"^ I F-'r tis.- t'.>t ll-w 'u l-xhibiii'^n. Rupgle.s. Nourse. Ma«on a >ni;ii'l jmlirmcnt njim fiirm animal.-^^ vvliil.-t. Mr. F' r tli.' b.-t K:uiwa\ ll'r-r-j")wroved .M;ir:in -tunds hi_:;Ii ;i- a natnralist. | K..r the bl'-t"H,.v' Tr^.s^ M i-r. mium." - - '. die Ane-ncan edit'.r lia-^ addc-d tli- linnic,.|alliic i j;;''" |;''- •'••%^ '//V'"-;'/'-'*'^- VV,.'' '"'''''''• ' ' K'lr the bi'«t !■ i''l'l Hi'll'T. 1>t I'ri-iniuni. . . . . ircalmenl as adnptcd bv (Innthcr: and allbcnLl'll tlli.^ Fortbebest ('..rn-Stalk ( utt.r<.-uidGrmdLr.s.l.-L rrLUiium, & ('0 l-dr t!i<- bfst ("burn-'. l~t rrfuiiuni. ----- 4 no i\oo< n^L detract iVom the intrinMc m'ril.s id thcJHMik. F-t tb'- b.-.-t Hhv an l Manur.' l- rk. l-t Fr-ininni, - - li U') 't will be S hard to find a call" .-utli.'ientlv Fcr the b.-.st n.iy Itake.^, Kt !'r. mium, . - - . -JnO For the best till! ivator, 1st I'maiuui. . - - - 4 co 15 no L') ( 0 ii!i;i'j:inative to be bcndiltc-d by it. We are favored ])y Mr. Saxton wllh a number of the illustrations of this work, one of whi(di, with the article it illu.'^trates, was «;iven u^.^-m y. ill, ilIiIcu^Ii ill" credit dnein >uch ca^ev \va> inad\ ertantiy iimitts, — Meetin|tr.'\rd lireed cf Cattle, S!i''''i). JK>m"evon Ox, 1 l<-ads ot" Sheep, V ilia Farm House, - ' - ^Jraiel IMot, Horking Fowls, . 33 . 35 «• 35 «i 35 • 35 . 35 • 3f) • ;;s • ;;'.) . 4U . 41 t, 42 4:j «> 4-4 • 45 • 4G • 47 • 4.S • 4i . 52 f;*) • ').) • 54 • 55 - 5(» - 5i -o.S - 5U-t)0 « 33-34 - 40 - 47-48 . 54 . 54 • 54 Tlio f^roat Miclii^^an 1*I.<>^V. V^^W .^()|) AM) srii Soil.. Tins n .\v, in tb. l.iiijii ._:, ,.t {Uv Kip,,rt of < .,nimitt<^e r>n tho j^r.iit lrj:',l '■! i'i.'u- ill )ii;i' 1 i~t .ipjM.iiit.d by thr N.\t ^(,rk State Airriciilliiral S'lci- ty. ( |.y \^ii,, III u \v,,> a\Nardfd a .ni-niAi, PHFMMM : •■ \Vf v.'^'.'ir i tbi- iuii'b mint as a >n,>\t us' !ul prrs'-nt frcni thr ni- c-li.-uiir to the t.irnirr. aii'l in wr (>|iini'.n w W! i(b>ct a great improvini' nt in the tili.i;:'' of bind. It yMh-f, i :, s :^. v<.,/ m an <'xrtllent inanin r. wbicb. t.i he fnlly apprt riiitcl. nii; i b." .-<.'» n; , and it aecomiih.-'lK.x thi.-^ }i anard'-UnAi and at every ( onnty 1-air in tlu' State of .New York. ,ir wbith it was exbibit«''l. th.' l'r'>pri> tor itcdvtda I'lrtnimn Manufacturrd an.l for .sale ly IIKMIV (ill.BKHT. H m; K i^m K-,, r,i. All ofbr^ fr m a di-it.vncr |-r..iniaiy att'^n^b ■! t > [ \pril U IMPORTANT TO ~ ' Fariaiers Ai. 1 hrc sliiii^ 31ac liiiic ^Jakcri* ^I^ii^, ^u^^erib^ r rr.>;pcctfully betts bavc t" mfriii t:;'- piillie X that he has bit'ly p'Tf.'.-t i d ,i nviT.-tl y.'ur.'^ rxpericnrc and bar'l -hi'ly. ^Ve do not cliini (> ti.ive ilis- coviTid any m-w priinjpl.' in pbil>sophy bnt vri il" cliim to linre disrovrc'l a pl.in by which old philo.>»«i|'liiiii princij'b •< ar»> ncT* I corrrctly ;ii! 1 a.!vanta;i''ou.'«Iy ajtpli*-'! than ■ n any otb.'T :;i.-\(hine. j The invt ntion !•» st»rnr)M| by a caveat. ' 'iln re .Marliini'S cm !"■ Icul at Isniri W. (Jnorr'.^ N!ar!;ine ; Sliop, at retail i>r by wir li'-;il-'. "ii tlie ino-jt rr;i -nna! b t' rni-*. The I'ower w.ij;htn t'-o*) p.-uii Is It is nia'b' entin-iy <'f Iron with fteej jonnial-'. and i< warrHnteil to bnld ^ hor-eH, '•lonld it hi any tiin.' bi' n< ee.^.-ary to u^>- s<> man} l-'rom 2 l" i :•.-■ a .suffi- cient numbir for common thrc-iiing We are nljoni i,'ettina;np one much inrbter for Khi^p, ptirpo.s. s, tb.it will b.' the eh. ape-t and nioil convenjeiit thing in u.sf; il might also be u^ed witii two or three hf»r«e had by the Machine makers throughout the country, on Uie most reasonable terms. All orders directed to the subscriber, at Lancaster eify, will b« thankfully recoiTed »nd promptly attended to. SAMUtL FLLTON, Jr. tp' C2 7\])Vr]RTrSKMENTS, ■B^'iS « ^rr^Kor^vj vi [May filiglilasid i^iu-si.'1'it's^ AcwSiua-^h \. Y. A SAUL & CO. beg leave to c.ill lli,' uttftntion of Dealers a ami Planters of 'I'rtsos, and the puhlic in t;;rii( ral. tn l!uir vo- Ty large iiud c()nii)l<'to stock uf l«i(Ll'r ANi> Oii N A M [• ..N TA L TIDCLS, which they oCfiT for Kile the coinitit^ i^i.riiif:;. Tiie trees of the,-(' NurscrU's are all grown on the pniniscs, ami fir(>ii;igaL»Ml under the iinmeiliatc supLrvisiwn «if Mr. ,SauK wlio.-c long connec- tion with this estalilishnicnt. is suine guarantee lor the accuracy of the .«tocU now olfered for ^ale. it consists in |i;\rL c/f over 2U,(K)i,) Tear 'I'ree.s. o to S feet high, and enibrai'ing all tlie 'fad- ing Standard Varieties, u.^ W( 11 as those recenlly introduced, of ming .Japanese Sophora, Weeping Kims, (of sorts) Inibndla Headed JiOcu.^t. Weeping Mountain Ash. ^^''eCJ)ing Ib'<< li. &:c.. ice; togctlier with every variety of rare Maple, Native and Foreign; l'le. Tulip Tree. O.s.'ige Ora)ige, Tauiownia. Mountain Ash. (.Ann lit .iu ;inl Kuropciin) Magnolias of sort-^. with many o( her tliini^s including some "JiU Tarieties of Shrubs, V ines. vVc. for Mhi(di sie Catalogue, anew ed- ition of whitdi is just issued, and will be forwarded to all post paid applicants. A large (lumtKy of Aib'.'rvita: for Screens, and Eu!-l;th'''rn and Osage for Hedge |iliinls. The above will be soli] on as liberal terins .as simil.'ir .'^tock can be purchased elsewhere, l-or further ij.irticnlars we would .again refer to priced Cat;iloguo. A lib(!ral iliscount ^vill be ni.ole to persons who buy, to sell again, and extensive i 1. inters, on their own aoouunt. Aj/ril Seed aaart AsriEeiiillnral ^'arrliossKO, 194i Market Street, J'/iiIadcIphia. WF^ oIT<'r to om- friends ami cu-touH rs, the large st assortment of Agricultural implemi'nts. (iai'dcn toils, junl S'-eds. ever offered in tbis Market, consisting in ji irt • f the fnUowing, vir, : Prouty and iMearw' Patent highest prrniium sill-,-bai"pening riotighs. right and b ft liaudecj .wid<' hill Sub,~oil. o( vari(aH hi/es, of sxiperior materials and workm.anship, warranted to give miIIh- faction, or the money returned— Four highc-t preminnis awanb d to these I'loughs at the New Vork Fair, 1S.)U. Al.-). ijea.h and Car Share Ploughs; Spain's improved Barrel Churn, conytrueted ia such a manner that the d.asher may be removed from the in- side of the Churn by simjtly unscrewing the handle from the dasher. Hay, Strr.w and ( orn-stack cutters, in groat variety, nmong which may be found Hovey's sup' rior premium rfraw cut- ter, of every size. Also, Horse-power Threshing Machines. Fan Mills, (.^-n Slid lers. Cheese Prejees, Seed Planters. Dirt Scrapers. .Sugar .Mills. Ox Yokes and Bows. Turnip Drills, Horse Hakes, Swathe Scythes Concaved Hoes, Spring Tempered Ca.'^t Steel, Oval, and S.iuaro Manure and Hay Forks, Pruning Shears and Chi.- els. Beach and IJar Share, repairing pieces and castings, Peruvian, l'atagd to the sul).,... .v. uieut i.> the re«uU oi uian)' ymn trial; his result has noj)ar;ilb 1 in the hi>tMrvof th(> i>a,-t. The Agent of the •• I'enn.-ylvania Farm J.iurnaF' is the A;:(rit of (iilmore's System of llivin.,' ami Feeding the Bee in tiiis St.-\t.' Th" price of a Hive and I'lxt ures <^:]if.\ l-'aiuily Itigiit, 3.W Town.-hip Rights from $.10 to ^-u. County •■ '* $30 '• !r,2U0. '• A Talk about the Honey Bee," a defence of Gilmore\<» fjf- torn, contains, also, testimonials, awards of Premiums to (iihuonv from the leading Fairs and Institutes in this Country ;"l2ctLt* sinule; $1,00 per dozen— gratis to patrons. Ciri'ulurssont t" any applicant. Address, post paid, J B. .MAVNAIU), M'fil -If Lancaster, Pa ««-«-T-«< « ( ity of Phibidelph .v where it was at fi: DKVOPl.i) TO PhysinJos^V, Ihidrnfxifhii and the Lairs nf Life ri Mir; W a i KU-CL my: JOI I;\ \ \, i> i>ubli-hed monthlv, illustr.v X ted with engravings, exhibiting tlie Structun-. Ana'tomy. nivl Pby.-iology of the Human H.dy.with familiar in>.t rueti-'os 1 b\irners. ! t is t!nph:itically :v .fouR.vAK dk HiAi.iir. ad.ipt.M ' all I lasse«i. nndis designed to bo a complete FA.MILY (H IDF ir. all cases and in a.ll diseases. Tm: Pnii.osoiMiY ok Hkai.i ii will be fully di-cussed. inclU'lin? Food. Drinks. Clothing, Air, and Exercise, showing their elfects e/i both body and mind. Termt in ^fldvance : Single copy, one year, fl 00 ; Ten copiiP- one year, $70. N. Ii, — Pl«ase address all letters, post paid, to FOWLKUS & WELLS. April— 3m No. 131 Nassau street, New York. I8r>i.l ADVKirriSEMENTS, 63 i.tr "~ •"IT tvMK m MiW "Gel IIk Vl.h young persons shoubl buv their elbows. .i.t.uidard DICTIONARY at And while you are about it ^tt the beat; tliat Dictionary ii NOAH \\ KhSTKICS. the ^rra/ u-orA: ahrid^td. If you are too poor, save the amount from tIT your back, to put it iuto your lurad. — Phrenolo/;. Juurnal. Dr. AVtbster's great work is the best Dictionary of the Engli.-^h language.— />o"t/yri Mornin» Chronicle. This volume must find its way into all our public and good pri- vate libraries, for it provides the ^',ngli^h student with a mass ol the most valuable information, which ho in vaiu bteks lor else- where.— lAindon Literary Gazette. Tlui very large and increasing demand for Unn work, afford.^ the best pnssiftle evidenrc to the publisliers th.it it is hij{ hly 'acceptable to the great brdy if ibe American people." Containing thr/c thnrs the amount of mattt r at' any (dher F.n- g'.ish Dictionary coinpib.d in tbis country, or any .\brijguieut ol this work. I'nbli^bed bv r. i^ r. Ml..l;i;i \M. Springfb I I .Ma.-s .and br sale by \V. H, .•^PANUl.l.R, Fanca.ler. Pa. Airil, $500 t^; hp.2,000 ii Vcai. I o o o A €n s: \ i s ^> A \ T b: n . IN all the states of the Cnion. to canvass for the following Im- portant and \'aluable Works, which are .-^dld by subscription. We have n<»w about two huulease almost every tii.'^te. I'or furtlnr particulars apply (po^t paid) to the publishers. DKRBY i .MlLLKR. • Auburn. .\. Y. NEW YORK Ag^riCKzUiiral IVa rehouse & Seed Store, l.^'J and 11*1 M'uttr Stnd. '■J MILS is by far ihe mo.'-t extensive e.-tabljsbne lit in X. w V.ik J. It oecupir.s nearly the whole of threir bii-.L,'t tivf-.. m. -tly Uian- ufaelured by us. expressly for the dillereut StiH.s of ilo l nion.i <"alilorni.i and On gon. the British I"rovinees ibe \", i >t India Inlands. .Mexico, and S<.uth .America, A l-o Harrow^ Rollers. Seed ' Sowers. Cultivators. Horse Powers. Threshers. Corn Shellers. Reap- j in;: and .Mowing Machin«'s. Hay. (^otl mh, 'r,d>aeeo ( >ii it.i I'-rv' Good Presses. Brick .Machines. bhoTils. Spades, Hose. Manu»e and Hay F. ik-. kc.&c. Garden linplevtera<:. '1 hose ;ire imported by us ilir' < t fr< m the Knglish manufacturers, or made here to our ord« r, 1 ].. y consist of a great variety of the choicest kinds such as Trenching and j Weeding Forks, Pruning and Hi>dge Shears. Flower and Twig ♦ Gutters, kc. The a.ssortuieut for ladies is particularly choice and ' well scdected. Field and Garden .Sf-tJj.— These are grown expressly for n.si both in Kuropi> and this country. They ar.j(»f the choicest kinds ' and of gnat variety. We also <»btain. us so.m as suffic iently trb d and w< 11 approved, every new kind of aecdbuitable to be euUivuted in the l'nited States, /•'- i7///r large manufacturing e.-^tabli.-hment in t hi.> ••ity. \vb< re wr wdl promptly make to order any new article or impb-ment reijuired by the Far mer or Planter, Kxcelsjor Sand I\ipcr. — \ new an.l very superi-.r kind, of the dilferent numbers in use by Machinists. Cabinet .Makers. <\ c. The Jlmerican ^'I^ricnltfirist. a monthly publication of 32 pages. Price (me dollar a ye^ir. a. B. ALLKN ic CO . _jApril ISO nnd 1 ■! Water-street, N pnp- ar;iti"n U|ion ^\bich fuU coniiaiiice ean be placed por N'.ilcbl (>ws it i.q '■"t'tbe greatest import.ince. v.MHibr- lully iiicre.T>ing tlie ([uaiiMtv and 'lUality of tli'ir milk, an.l will itl it 1 'W lb rn, M iirrain .Ve \EiiV: 1 ATJ.K HOPxSK POWDKR. Wbi. i, will cure LLst. 1.11. r IF b bound. Loss of Appetite, Founder, "V eltow W .iter. Lowness of Spirits. Inward s'prains. I ntbim.ition and H«:it in 1 vW ""' ^y^^'''":»nd all other diseases to whieh liurse.« ,\m are .cubj.ct. *» IIOHSK FMnnnrVTTON, For tbe euro of O '3tt. rn.d injuries, as Wounds Bruises. Cuts Kub ling ket(dies of Fife in the Country: uiili the Popular hdem»'nts of practical and theoretical .\grieuit ore, and tw. Ive hiindi-d F.aconics ;md Apat hegms r« la- tin; t> Mor.iN-. K00 Receipli • 01 llealtb ( onkery and Domestic Kconomy; with lO tine illustra- tions r<-p<'eiing thi' \ariou-i sc.'Uis at tend. '.n t upon tanning. <'tr. By .Folui L, l;lil;e, I) D,. author of • Biogr.tplucal Dieliouary,"' ■ l-,uiiily l\ncycloj)edia,"" Jjj-c. The j.uMi- b''rs re-^pectruily announce, th.at tb lORV OF CAT.irORXIA. The History of tb.- State of C.ilifornii, from the e;iili«>t period of her comiutst by the Spaniards, to her actiui.-ition by the I nit* d States; with an account ! 0 pages; boiui I ij same style as Mexican War. Retail price, <2 00. nail} pr< vt-nt and euro Iiol IVew and Popular St liool Itook. ^I'^llK ( (),MPBKI11:NSI\ K SI .MM \1;Y Oh r.\!\FU^= \L HIS- A 'I'tMn, with a bi'i^rrapby I f di.-tingni>b. .1 ptrson^ fr^m the eariii--t period t ' th. J. resent time; to^^bi(h is apprMiled ;in epi- t' r.n ,.( jbatlit n Mytli ■! gy. Natural I'lulosopby, (leneral .Astron- omy and Pbysiob'gy. on the basis of ••Historical and .Mi.'-c* llane. OU9 Questions, •» by llichmal Maugual. Adopted to the U£0 of Amerirrin "-chools. | Published aud for sale by* K. S. JONKS & CO., S. W. corner of Fourth and Hacest.. Philadelplu.a N. B — Teachers and School CommiMecs furnished with copies for examination. Aadreee, post paid. April— tf '• I am I r. ] aff" ' 1 have eii '•■"v^ind ♦ ■ tbi mv duty '' THKLIFJ-.OF ZACliAKV lAVLOR, 1 ite President of the Uniteil States, inelutlitig the closing Fcene« of his life and death. By H. Montgomery. Kmbelil.'.he*! with a steel portrait and 16 illustral ions; in one elegant «)«tuvu volume, 4»hJ pages, well printed on line paper, aud bound in sub^^tanliHl morocco. gilt back. T he li;;htnings may flash, tlie thunders may rattl»», He I'cars not, he heeds n«d. he's free fronj all pain, lie ."leeps bis last ^bcp. In- b.as fought his 1 i>t ballb', Nos(inn'l i .m au.ikr b in t > gb ry a^r.ain, INL^re th.an "-0 I'O • C' pn s 1 f i In- al ove work Irive been ?> Id by u" and tbe .bi!M;il i- iir..it 1'. I iL is allow, d l>y erilie> to br ibo ni" t rinipb ti' ar, .i .iiM le ni le e..py of any ot the work- ) n; poi-tin- 00. A CO>[PLKTK in>i()!;V OF 1 UK WAR PFTWKKN THK rXFPKI) si'A'l'K^ AND MI \l( O, From the commencement (d' the battles, to thi> raliiieation of ll.'J Treaty of Peace; containing a concise account • f the sjdend'.d military acliievements and glorious victories of the Aiiiericnu Army under (lenerals Taylor and Scott, and their gallant c«'m- patriots in arms. .Ms*, a concb-e accf>unt of the new Fl I)oradn, the Golden Land of California, which was annexed to the United States by the treaty (if peace. Illu-tr.ite.l with -4 portraits and battle sc". nes. ami .a te( 1 likeness of (M>ntrnl 'I'aylor, By John S. Jenkins, author of ' 1 b.' ! it. < 1 Sjb-is Wright." • Lives of Ameri- can (Jenerals," etc.. etc. The work is bound in i legant ai d Fub- stantial morocco, gilt bacV. and contains .'/Jt} pages. A line Map of .Mexico and Calif.irnia accomp.inies each book *»• PiCU'J copie.s of tlie above work have been .«oM by n.^. cbi..J'y in N. Y. State. It is pronounced by cricticsns the oidy comi»lelo and impartial history of the war extant. Subscription price fi^Mi. April SC ATTEIK.OOD \ TIOWTLL, DKsiuMX(;, drawim; AfkI 1VooiN<;s. MArHi'*rnT. Xcw» VAFCK llr.M'^, Labkls, Skai.8. ifc. Drawn and Kngravod iu the Best manner aud on the most reasonable Tcrma. Aprll.-tf G4 ADA^ERTISKMICNTS. KOTToivtLCifT iJfV lumw lfL'B3m«ilw-jtMj afc»T.' *. tikianaBTsrv^r rza5t'«-»^' rtT' J '^ KettlcwcU & I>a bison's Salts a;j;^iiiiist , .\ew York Stale Aj^ric'ultiuall ty^^riij^ <«iiaBio. A CHALLENGE ! ! ! ^yilp: deep interest now taken Ly Ap;riculturists in all doscrip- JL tions (jf mauure. would see described, so that each jjurty can direct the mode of api>il- cation; two barrels of the Salts to be used per acre, costing 'fC and o('0 llis. ot the (iuano. costing "^7 20. the ]tarty making the exp«'iment to rect'ive the munure free of cost. And the same amount against any manure a.s a to]) dre.-sing upon timothy or clover. Joii.N Kki ri.Kwr.LL. Kt'ilhwrll 4" Davison again call the attention of Agriculturist.s to tlieir various Chemical Manures — and in so doing, they would be insensible to common gratitude, if they failed to express tlu'ir profound aeknf>\vled;.vmenls for the constant and increasing de- mand, which llnws in upon them for tinir sim]>b! and compound manures, h'.aeii .-ca-on has greatly increa.^e I their sales, extend- ing as far south as South Carolina. Thry can give no stmngev evidenci> of their faitli in tlie vir- tues of their manure, as tlie best known for a corn crop, than tlie tepflers they make above ; and the certificates 'which they here- wun present. In the offer of a Lest, it i» not the amuuul luvuiv- od. but the willingnes.s to challenge result, that sjteaks tlieir in- tegrity and conhdence. V\'e could add any amount to tlie testi- mony we publish; but if the names we refer to, do not e(»nunand contidence, no additional number could. We have never boasted of the quality of our arliide. we have been content to leav<- a de- cision to time, demand and experiment, tliat ha.H been in our fa- vor—hoping, if we have less ot • lii-phosphates," the i»ublic would discover it. as they would if it was found we had more of •• sand " than any thing else. Kkttlewell & DAvisorf. Office at Ober 4' McConkey''s, corner of Lombard and Hanover Streets. Factory. Federal Hill. IJi I'HOSI'IIATKS. We keep constantly on hand this valuable Tiiannre. Bones, with a proper portion of the Suljihate of Ammonia, di.-solved in Suliihuric Acid. Tins Chemists of this country and l.urope have been pressing thi.s mode of using bone-dust upon the atten- tion of farmers, with great zeal and a!)ility of recent years. Ev- ery experiment has confirmed the truthfulness of their theory; nnd we hazard but little in saying that in a very brief time it will be used in no otlier way. It is prepared so as to be sown sim liar to the salt.s. at \\v rate of one or two barrels to the acre. — The price of this article is f.4 per barrel. Let the tarmer who doubts, try it at a less expense than the old mode of Using bone- TOBACCO GENERATOR. This is a chemicHl compound, made expressly for the growth ot the Tobacco plant. \Ve will call more special attention to it at the propvr i>ea.-on. CHEMICAL RESIDIUMS. We have c instantly on hand ( Inmical llesi(.,i awarded the First Premiums at all the principal Fairs county, vho may at s(.iae future day {U'csent the result of his ex- | ^,Y\ctq they have been fxhibit<;d in op. rati<.n. includin- the Penn- perini'Mit. The price of this is $'2 i)U per barrel. gvlvania State Fair, the Provincial Fair of Cppor < anad i. and tho Michigan and Ohio State Fa'rs. together with numerou:3 ("ounty Kxhibition.s in the ditlerent States. The TWO HORSE M ACHI N K, Avith from three to five hanl*. will tliresh from VZ> to 200 bushels of Wheat per day. or twice that (luantity of Oats. , ,r n ♦ 'llie One Horse Machine will thresh rather more than half Jia^ i^uantity. rUICE AT ALBANY: For Two Horse Machine.1 *14r) 00 For One Horse do f-l-O 00 Machines will ]>e shipped to order to any part of the linitol t^tatc^s or the Caimdas. jfti^-ajwi t/' • » Wm. B. Wiley, Job Priiiter, Lancaster, Pa, ^. W«^-^ a^ s^tv i ~^ s ^ \ OL 1. L.V.\(\\STER, l'.\., JUXK, l^U. ^'0. :3. T I ! i; r A 11 M J 0 U il X A L . H. S. II \fJ)i:M AX, ICiiitor. Flo. 1. KiitonioloiTV, No. 2. liV THK EDITOR. ''^LYTi-g ROBTNi.f:.— In P(MHi l.ai-k. nn.l th-- y(ainer wju^n hatehod, penetrate.^ into tlic int^^rior to f-'od npon th,» wcn.l. 'i he smaller hranches are _i;onerallv at- t;icko(l. and presence of the larva m:iy hv ktiown hy th-' w l-dii>t ah.nit the aper- ture wli(Te it entered, the euttings heing for s.-m,-. time ejected here. Btit the nb'-ist prominent is the swelling of the hraneh at tho^polnt of attack, which hoconies woak.ncd, and is often hrok-Mi off hy st'.rms; or dies, so that new shoots must ^' ■ ilir-wn out }^'An\y. Ymm tliese causes thr tree becomes disfigured and mat^Tial- ly injured. The annexed ligun' (i!) re- presents a fragment of a locu.st branch attacked bj this insect. The same insect attacks hickory, and aa the hirva contiiuie.s its depredation.s afi-or the wood has been cut, it frequently does much damage ; and we have known a hirge lot of hoop-poles VOL, I. — D. t'» bo d('stroy(«(l by them. Tho figure i.)) r"])rev<.m.^ a }':• CO of one of these jtoles split to cxhiljit tho m in J 1 !, Fio. 3. lairrows of the ].irva\ and their place of exit through tho bark. A plug of woos of this species are full grown hy the 20th of July, and tlio p.^rf. ct insects leavo tho tree early in September, in Massaidm^etts. From tliis it is evident, that as they appear at different times in various parts of the country, tlie proper season for cutting wood infested by them must vary. Ibn^p- poles should be cut before the cZ'A^ arc laid, or they should be soaked some tim<' in water. This w. aiM kill the larva"^, not <^'nlv nf ('l\tu-, hut of anotlicr and mu. h smaller insect, which burrows beneath, and h>. isuns the liark. au'l p'^notratos ami destroys {he wooduf lujops, long after the barr'l has been hnishci and applied to its proper use. Dr. Harris recommends wliitcwashing tho tmnks of trees to prevent the insecti from affixing their eggs; lie also recommends catching the adults and dro^m- .i y-?m^ 66 EDITOiaAL. fJuM fcjMifl.'*--' "-'ji^rn'*' vj(f '« 1 riT-ramiM aintJiLaaiiacjr'WiMajrv ■raOK .^rMKAMaHUIHU ISol.] ro.MMl NK'A'I'IONS n ing them in bottles of water by children — to be re- peated year after year during the period of their ap- pearance; but it is very evident that this ciinnot bo extensively practised. Clytus campestris of Olivier, (or C. termixans N Fabricius) figure 4, is about throe-fin lis of an inch long, of a dark lirown color, the elytra varied >\llh asliy down, and having two yellow quadrants near the S j base. Tiie thorax is reu^jjh above, with four yellow spots In the cornors, arrangod in a square. Tlic thighs are tliiekened Fin. 4. towards the en<'W mode of producing light. The oxygen light is a new discov- ery of Mr. Paine, which the Spy says is a ])rocess of catalising the oxygen of the atmosphere, and render- ing it highly luminiferous, at a mere nominal ex- pense, without the cost of machinery, or any (»ther ' apparatus than an air receiver, capaljle of huldlng common air. In this new discovery of Mr. Palue oxygen is to be catalised (that is, united with the vapor of turpen- tine) to form light. One mode of doin.c tMs is as follows: The turpentine is to be niixcd with (ttln-r ingredients (then called I'ln-ititn/ jini'l, X*-.) and put into an a])p iratus technically calh d a In in}), which ter- minates ;ib()ve with a vertical longitudinally perfo- rated mciallic cylinder, through Avhich one extremity of a lo(»eing left expos(^d at the top of the tipparatus or lamp, where it soon b-n-onies saturated by capil- lary attraction, and is ready for action. If llanu^ be now applied to the exposed wick, a. coupplcte c(ilnHsn- a^n of 'the oxygen of the air will take place, and a fine light w ill be the result. The cost of the a}>para- tu.s is "nominal." and of the oxygen nothing, so that the expense of the hiuiiuvj Jluid alone need be taken into account. A second mode of using the air fir lighting jnir- poses, is to pass the rays of the sun thrctugh it; but aw this is only adapted f >r daylight, the old mode of extracting " sunbeams from cucumbers'' will have to bo resorted to for night use, unless a squash is found to be more luminous, — and in our early days we ac- tually saw a luminous pumpkin. This, like Paine's late ingenious contrivance, had been formed "into an air receiver capable of holding common air/' and was carved so as to resemble a skull, the mouth bein" armed with a formidable set of teeth like those of ;, cross-cut saw. Tlie light canu; from the eyes an. 15esides vai-lous me«hcal ;,: . seientllic works, he was th(3 author of Crania Aimn- cana and Crania ^l\iji/ [ft idcd, in whicdi thesi^ port;' i- of tlu; human race are characteris(Ml IVom tic skui:> Ih\ Morton was a person ot many virtues, of a.', manners, a lover of peace and concord, a liheral m;: })orter of science, a sincere friend, and ihe re;>dy ad- viser of the uninitiated u])(»n their -i-tance and t couragement is of so much value. -Ml lovers or ir.! tivators of science, in w liatever sjdiere of life tl;t\ moved, were welconcM] \\\\\\ e(pial hosjdtality, soth;;' It wa-; unusual to spenr. Morton was prrs: dent of tli(> Academv of Xa?iir;J Science, Phila'I'.- phia, to the interests of wliich he devoted much '! his time, and wher<' (next lo his !)ere;i,vcd falJlily)hi^ loss Avill Ia' mo^t (h'eplv felr. Fine Slier]>. Mr. Ibaijamin Hood, tf W iiri.-tnn, Chester count v informs us that last winter he (il.-.po.:cd (,f ihroe shoe to Mr. Paul, of Pliiludelpliia, ^^ hose age and weig't.k were as fbll(»ws: One, three 3 ears and ten months old, weigh'^*! ali^- ;122 pounds; neatly dressed, 'I'.W pounds. Twiiiv . y(nir younger, livi^ weigiit, lISi) and lIS.j poUiui- dead and dressed, 202 and 1U2 pounds. Mr. Hood also states that he sheared twelve sli'ti the average weight of the fleeces being somotliin- niore than (Urad was laid on Ids shoulder, o]»tained a b' tie of Cniaeea, "and before he had ustd i^ ho coul'- hold his head erect!" The quantity of ashes left by a ton of wheat stra^ is sometimes as much as three hundred and sii^^ pounds. tf onnminiration?. trnjoamsfmim .K tjtxvmtmmy^m into townships. Are tlierc not, in every township, a sufficient number of persons interested in farmin", to form a c'lii. -a Puiners' club — who will meet every month, i)r two mouths, at some central place, for mu- tual instruction, — who will make up a small fund to purchase agricultural works for the use of the mem- bers— bring with them specimens, vegetable or mine- ral, ol V. hatever may be rare or remarkable, which Farmers' CItjbv. Mk. Editor: — It is Impossible to overrate the value of education to the farmer, or, indeed, to any citizen of our free countrv, whatever mav be his profession or calling. I liave read with pleasure the essays of vour correspondents, on this subif^t. Tliere is nuich in their tone iJi.Li 1 like, liuaigh 1 may not be able to j they may have found in th -ir nei^hhorhood, relate concur in all their \iev'<. Tie' intere-t "vvl;i<-h tle-v ' their exprrienc.' an 1 > ' -■ r\ a; !on< and ti-i;!b (.f \ arious are a«iap'e.l to excite ii; ili." cm-" .(' ;'igricultural • ni -tleMN of fa]-m;!i/. v, iili tl;e i-.., it is of consequence to avoid attempting t»>onmc)i. hi iliere ]><> no over- a uni\er.-ii\' or coii---. - }',.•,• iji,. , x, inslve !!:-inic- i of fariO'T-. laiN", a! I ■ i •^ induce our le""Ishitors I I ue\i.,.j >.jm'' plan for adding, to our exlstiuLT in^ti- I 'ill • c •iiUlvation and improvement of the soil. An^ tucli }dan must, of course, be materially ditlerent from the schemes of niaruuil iaboi", wincu iiave occationalij been attempi^d and always failed. "With respect to education. ther(^ are sr>me consido- railon-. that ought not to be overlooked. In the first place, most of the tuition bestowed up(>n the youthful mind, must always, without regard to the de.vtination of the pu]>il, have for its special object the formation ;| of Soon 1 mental habits and the right development of straintMl etlbrt. Many useful ] urposes mav bo ac- tlie affections. Again, although we sometim'^s speak of the science of agriculture, yet there is no p 'culiar Hclenee of that sort. It is tru<'', there are num v sciences which may ann- n ikuted more than a'lv thin:^; ''be of late \ca;*-. to ii com[)li.4i;d without recpiiring niu h time or peeuniary outlay. 1. W Ii respect to a library, a good beginning would bo a subscription, for tlie use of the club, to the nearest agricultural pr'riodical v...rk-\ These are so (dieap ihat the contribution — where tliere were but a b'W menib'T- — \v<.e! I I ■- a ncre tritle. To this m-L'-'it I'o add'd lie \ Ii;m'-- containing: the f-nner number-: tle'U "tier a„'ricu]niral work<; so -h \\f, )iprovem Mit. >b-re,.vcr. in -p-ikin-; (.f progress, — ' ihe Farmers a'll Pkinters Kncvc], .pedia, CJmvu."^ >1 f I it should not be fbr--otten. that there is a j'".._:t iiOwnir'U'l as well as i/iaC'irJ ; and that t!;e l^rner i> ii '{ \i'<< to be avoi(b'(l, than the latter is to be - lu-ht. L t us not cast a\vav anvthinir that is "..o,! in our present in-;itutions. ])ut rather inip.ri)\c upon the •inflations \sc have. What wc want, is more in- r.ructton and b-atcr. b-t us persuad(.M)ur a;:ricuUu- j ;al tncieN to a\ail thems-dves of the nunerous s-ani^ Lari.-^ and srle.ojs witjiin their rea«di, to institution- ! ^^'•'1 supply. l."t us persuade tho-(> \sh,, P;^^,, tli ■w ■r and direetion, t«) infii-e im,, the In-tru.tion j the rotation of crops. Practical A --rlculture, Li- bia'- < >rL;anic t'h.aib-t; v ( 1 ALrri(Milt lire and Phv-iob.^'v. .\c.. \,>, 2. The proceedings of the elub, after appointing a chairman and secretary, might consist annrng other things? of the shitemonts by members of such facie as the fillowing, viz: a. The ;\\.j'age quantity In a'^re<^ of the f;trijj<; [n their re, cuLLie, ciit.-i:p, and -wine. '/. 'J'he numl)er of fields of particular farms and I Ui^re ,.j";i ^,-i,.ntltie cliarai'OT, more that Ii;i< relation to the bu -iness of life, and especially the bu.^incss of agriculture. But something may be done imnif^diately, and witli- out waitin<; f -r another generation. There is mani- festly a spirit abroad propitious to agricultural im- provement. Let us try to make it available. Our coiumunities are conYcnientlj divided, territorially, c. The ridative (pnintity of woodlan I, aral/iv , and meadow ; aiel the .sipecics of tmii.er. f Tlio Tiature ..ftlie ^,,11 wle tiler limestone, gra- vid, or -late, &c. (J. Tilt! manures employed, how made or obtained, how used, and with what effect. h. Th(^ (juantity of seed sowed or planted to (he acre, the mode and time of sowing, k<\ and tlie yield. i. Tlie time of harvesting or securing tlie crop, and the method of doing it 68 COMMrNlCATTONS. h. The various crops or products raised in the rc- Bpoctive neifi^hborhooils and their sak\ /. The prices of sahn uf hmd, and tho wago.-j of labor; and the terms and usages of rentin^i;. These statements might be made orally or in wri- ting. If in writing, thoy should 1)C nunihr^rod ;uid filed ; if orally, reduced to writing ])y the secretary or any member, and the writing num])er('(l niid illed. Besides this, the clu]» migliL alKud, (wIh'U time permitted,) to the readin;.r isl' lisd'ul and hitci'rsting articles on agrlt'iilture from th"' l)()oks of tlic club, or othors, and to the hearing of occasional lectures on agricultural sulijects. 3. The chairman or secretary, acting as treasurer, niiglit also take care of the ])ooks, juipers, and other tliin<'s IxdonLilnij; to the elul). Such T>rlniarv associations would thus be easily formed antl managed, and could not fall to be pro- ductive of bcnclit to themselves and others. "I have witnessed,^' says T>r. Iligglns In his valuabh' Ile^tort, ** the great good done by abtJuciaiiunti of j^jraciicuJ farmers, with fref^uent meetings for the discussion of agricultural sultjects, and as great aids to Imi.n»ve- nient, would recommend their formation in every neighborhood of our State/' A. L. JIavls. Lancaster f May H, 1^51. On J)('ci) Ploughing. Mk. Editor: — The laislness of farn\Ing differs ma- terially from olher ]Mirsuits In that it couiincs one 7«orc tohis homo, and his own bmiid a"res, and al- lows less leisure to travid and collect from th<' ]>ra"- tice of others hints for his own management, than the merchant, manufacturer, or even mechanic. Thl^ di^advanl:ig'' can (»idy be remedied in (Uie way, liy the circulation of agricultural periodicals like the *' Farm Journal,'^ which, in fact, are nothing more than the practice and science of good farming record- ed in a bouk, certainly not the less valuable on that account; and thus reaching many a corner of th(^ land otherwise inaccessllde. The fatal prejudice a';ainle in a very wet eii. ~ The (L'jith of soil, wouhl have allowe(l th" sujx'r.i' daTit moisture to pass off, and thus relieve the r ■- of iT^'owInir crop>^. In wet (luestioii, ,e, . will be admitted, that If there was twelve inch'> depth as rich as four irehes, it wouM beafinethiu, but llo^v to accompli-h this, unless by ploughing iinl turniu'j: it up to the inlluene" of the ;itmo>pherc, woi be dlllicult to answ(T. The larger the source fr: whence growing crops deriNc their niitrinieii*, c()urse the largtn* the crop. A gl\(>n amount el • face, repres(»ntlng ten Intdies de^p of good s-k. course supplies m(»re food to ]«lants, tlian th<^ ^.: amount of surface only four inches di^ep. A f i'" often expressed of burying out of reach hy e jdoughing, the slialh)W surface soil, but the advai' - of turning u\) the hard substratum to tlie inthicn- the sun and air and atmospheric gases, and Its* ' sequent speedy nndloratlon, is lost siglit of. ]>eopnri thorough ploughing, thorough pulverisation el particles of soil, allowing of the free admission > ^ between them, coupled with the use of ]daster ' lime on the surface, and re]>eat(Ml harrowlngs or ^" rings, will soon ri^ider ])roductive and })rofit;il • subsoil hitherto valuoh^ss,'an^ ^ in[r Editor: — 1 shall again try my liand r\\ turn- im^ another furrow (iihe old, stilf sod we have been .ittiMuptlng lately to l>reak \ip, and sliall b in by iterating the aj)peal I made in my last, to the friends of U'Ticulture, in behalf of })roviding a suitable edu- cation for the rising generuLiuu M he youth of ilie Rural l)btrlcts, wlio nre to occupy the sam" places tlirough nniny a long and weary day of plodding drudgery, that depre»ed the sidrit while it bowed the body? "What father, though by his practice ho may have added to the acres he inherited, or at first began upon, would not desire that with the land, his son should Inherit also an education, which, if It did not abridge h:> labors, (as I aver ii v\eiil.h) W()uld tlirow areund it ini-il-ctual ra3'S to bright- n hi- pili thio' everv scMe' and season — a mind -!• euhixe.o d iliat n t we now fill, to till the sam ■ h'ld- in which we have: .^ , , , ' -i-.- -ii -11 .1 oiilv the dew - and rain- "f ^^^in'^ the f. r\ id heats of \ -il. (|. ;'nd ('U whose cMp.itiilitie^ will maiiilN le p' no •• _ . . , . . ,, , ••♦111 ' 1 .. • ' summer, hut the fiM-ts and >n.i\vs (j{ winter, W'.uhl the posiUon renn-v[\ aiii I i- to lioM among li-a* -is- i ... r 1 T- A\- 1 1 .1 f F . .,ll;.,,^,.> furnish suhjects f,r Intero-iiinj: re>e:irch and inve-tl- t. r States of th(.^ Lniou. W onid that 1 couM inipres,-. ^ •'_ n I . *• <• ,) ,....., ti .f r ,• '-ration; ANhile hi- m;inur'-. soils, seeds cr^jis and ii]>ou all, even hut a ]iortii-i _ - _ ,r , • I- • 1 1 '• ,1 , vv^r>^.,,,u,- »,^ tell nc tint a farmer so i'l.n-tiruii'il cnuM nt»t r;i;se inj.' ,1- tw eHeet .'verv nclivi inal m the community . no i 1 . ! " • 1 1 , . r t .,,,,- ,,. f",.,- t,. , l.ielter crMjis ;it l--s rviM-nse. fill hi- larn and -lahhs matter to \\!,:ii rl;i< . ni- h.'lMn .■ -. Let an_\ onoti\ to ' i ,• If-., , 1 1' r»t.,. i> , ; ;,,,]',>,,,] i.'i <,r fi'"5n less land, and inereasc his wealth ea-ier and r-a-eii inm-' !i iiito a h 'hei that lie i-- imi'pedoeiil oi < the conse.pe.ne.... whatever he the . ..elitimi of the \ f^^^^'r than h-. who d..pend> sol-ly upon tle^ f >ree of V -ne.nrv, wheihereuHghtened-.runenli-htene.l.and pTScverin- t- ih in a rape It^inij: iiirretly or iielin'ct- Iv within th'lr influences, lie is one in a ihou.-and, or r'.liei- -'i.'cld s:iv. lie i^ wltlioiit the pale of well-re- iiulated sociotv. It cannot be denied, however, that the farmers themselves have the most direct interest in the education of their sons, and should be held rc^ sponsible for the measure, yet it is tie duty i all. a^ well a- the ini'T"-; <'!" all, to see that the ne :'n- h- [uu\ided bolii wure uhkc huUcbt aiid honiiul. SliuuUl not every patriotic citizen, as w. !1 as the farmer, ai I in prnslding th-' iiieans and ih\!inj; a p!;i.!i f < r pru- nu'tiii'j; aL^i-ieuliural education in Pennsylvania? Having, on a former occasion, suggested farm col- leges at appropriate localities, with buildings and farms suitable for the accommodation and training of one hundred to one huieh' I ilftv stuih iit- to each, I o,'" in it more neces-,»rv n^Ns, to show the n^cessiti/ ovided ;ind the end attained— to see in lull, that ; ^'^r ^^I'-^i instltuthms, than to .li^. u-- tie in- rlts of the landed interest is cherishe is certainly te i>c rt^gretted. hut ih" appr-lcnsion praetiee of tilhi--e ;ind hu-handry. upen rati' n;d ai. 1 i- no Ir.-^ |,]aiM ilian ]iainlhl to my min-1. Their iin- de.hieihle prineip].-, to Mip-rscde the wa.-t( ful, ur.- -h:"ue.ve hahi;-. tlieir cnii-tavt lalnir and i^iWated i.o- ' pr> Mhirtive -\M' m t!;at rm, if they per- ceived the necessity of a change. Tliey, in general, are content to leave things as they are; they follow detail all tlie err<»rs, mistakes, mlsaj-pllcatlons and ha])-hazar«ls of farming, as it is, would recpiire much tine and more space than em he allotted t<.> an article ih" .-anc praetieo in flUa'ro aid ini-bandrv tint their f'-r a m^'Utlilv. It Would fill a N-jiunie to treat even fathers nursu'"!. and t'link it '- 1 cn^i: di I'a- the cur-^rilv. - f the manure Iieap, stables and stock, of observance of their v>()ns. 'I'hi^ apathv, , a- - i;:-nt, ' breeding an 1 f ding. hay. luew and granary, crop- if you will, is the perp?t\nl h.,ud or chain tin- hinds ping and seeding, gar hn and orchard, dairy, pasture tiiem to a hard and monotoin)us servitude at mere la- bor from boyhood to old age — a condition, did they permit themselves to think rightly about, they would try to a\ert. In \iew of the comfort and pn-i - ritv of their offspring. Who among us but must regret the want of science and skill in the varied (»perations of farming? Have we not t<>iled with but indifferent success for the want of an agricultural education, and has not the little we and soiling, breaking uj) and Inying down with grain and grass. 'J'hc neglect to husband imnure properi\ , I< almo^-t universal. There arc but few, c niparati\cly, who give sufficient attention to the matter, or who under- stand this important point in hu.sbandry. Suppof>o the stock on a farm be judiciousl}- fed and attended — the horses and cattle as workers, the catt^^ sheep and swine, in view of dair}-, breeding, slaughtering, have achieved been won by dint of unceasing toil> &c. — how much would the whole cost of feeding be 0 COMMr^NTCATTOXS;. ttmm:mmrai:ast''^nm K'iJif I'liitfTq [June. 1851.1 COMMrxICATlOXS. 1 reduced under the management of a skilful husband- man, through his attention to tlie special mtittor of manure, with a given stock, on a medium sized fiu'ui, than if the careless and wasteful practice prevailotl us rr^gards manure, though the same quantity of feed should be consumed ? Not less tli:iii twenty-five per cent. To arrive at this conclusion, it will be unlv necessary to observe how the stables and pons arc littered and cloanod, whoro and in what mtmncr tlii> manure heap is kept, to look at the (piality as Avidl as the quantity wlien apfdied to the land, tlirn to f(»ll.)\v up the results on tli(^ forthconiing crops, and |»articu- Lirly the condition in which the land is loft when the crops are removed; an.d no intdligt nt fanner can l)e at a loss to decide with me, that tlio estimate T have made in favor of p-ood mana;ioniont. in this sin siidc- in 2: of the value of the land throufli s(^v(M"(> and ill- judged cropping, incapacitating it to maintain a due proportion of stock, with the conse(pient loss in dairy products, beef, mutt<'n, pork, lard, wof)h v^c. it would fall but little short (Ton*' million d' dnll.irs annu;i]l\' in Penns^dvania. Take fur instance, the average 3'ield of wheat, which has been stated by some to be no greater than twelve bushels to the acre, and sup- pose this average can be increased threo buslitds, which would rais(> it to liftiMMi, here tluMi, we have the million of dc liars in one product, wheat; lait 1 o^('ri.>hilH'• svstem oi' breaking up such breadth oi' land vearlv to seed without ailbrding it suilicient manure to sustain it against exhaustion, is not tlnndy arrested, much of our light soils will, ere long, be doomed to utter ster- liity.^ Another evil worthy of noting, Is Injudieious cri.p- ping, 1 du not use not use the word in I ho sense oi" seeding. I mean by cropping, tlio proper adaptation of the crop to the quality and character of the soil. The want of knowledge in this particular is attended with serious disappointm.-nt to the unskilful farmer, and untold loss to the public. For, b-' it ri^nrinlMT- cd, the public is made to suil'rr thr^.u-h oNcry i"allur<' in crops, and whether the failure be owing to ])redit, or to malpractice, it is a calamity equally to be d(^- plored. There is, perhaps, no one operation on tlio fiirm where want ot judgment is more palpa1»le than in a misapplication of crops. Almost every common hand upon the farm can plow, plant and sow ; reap, gear, haul and spread manure, but how few of those could be found capable of adapting a crop to tlie soil, or of conducting a judicious rotation ? Very few indeed. Not to be irreverent, *'Do men gather grapes of thorns or figs of thistles?" Skilful farmers look to the cha- racter as well as the condition of tic s(m1 1,(.f(,re th-y seed it, and speeulat-' notoidy upon the remuncratii^f crop, but upon thoefleet it will have exerted upon tho land ai\er it shall have been taken off. It is incalcti- lablo, tho loss sustained yearly in the waste of lan-l seed and labor on crops not wortli gathonnrr^ ],y j.^,^. son of their being raised on a soil uncongenial to their gr.)wth or production. To illustrate this: 1 l,;^ve soon wheat and timothy sown on a light dry soil, lii field in which the rye uiid .'. sown, to wheat and timothy. The liarlev, if theroox- iste(l a necessity f ir sow in-' it, should ]ia\e had t! ■ place of the oats, and the oats the placo of the harl-'V The r3'e lodged, not on account of its weight, fortlior was scarcely a well filled head in the whole fioM- The barlev lav an nnsin-litly o-reen mass at the tiir. barlev gen(>rallv was ]»ein<2; harvested, without or. well tilled e;ir. The fict wa^;, the ^,,11 was not caki;- lat(Ml to alford the pn,pcrties rcipili-cd to g'.vestrcn;:'' to the stein or stra\v, mueh less to iill the head vvith seed — the same reinaik ap]>1ies to the rye, while t!. clover suffered as nnnh a^ eiili.r fr<.iii beinii out i. jilaee. A\'hat there was of It. w;is of bad -jnality, wlii! the (pianiity was not (■»n<-(bii-.l (,f ;i cr^.p. f-i'lhoed: wet ground it stood in, aflceteil so injuriously ;'- was with tht^ fro>ts In wintc^r, whi'di made the wlu! li<'ld one continuous l)oard of frozen mud, en ' Ing thawed in the spring, left the roots of th'' ' '• ver to lie spewed out, high and dry uj.on the ■>uvi\<- Mcvc there was seme twenty aere< of line land i''-' ' a worse use than had it boon tlirown out as a cuiinr.' for stray cattle to range in. \(i\\, if nnieh of the lai: in Pennsylvania is st> managed. vJio can count - loss, and who will n(»t be I'eady to ct-ncbide ihat .' high time the scdiool master >hould luj abrua*! • mean the Agrhailtural School 3Iast(U-? Time will not pei-mlt me going firther Inte t! - subject at present, else 1 would .^how how much ^\ lose in dairy pi-oducts, ami loot rroj.s, through H'"- lect and bad management. The census of l^!4()slle^\ I think, that we fall short of New York in tlie i: ducts of the dairy, some se\en millions uf doilai- luially, and in potatoes twenty millions of bushel^.' Is not this a re]->roach to rr>n]|v\ l\ania ? Let any reflecting man look at this matter throu: all its bearings, and he cannot but perceive the v:i-' accession of wealth that is within our reach, throuu' a wcU-ordorcd and judicious system of llurul Jicuu^ my; and then a k him- if w,u,i i the endowment of | culture, great hardihood, and the rapid -mwth cm\- R.iricultmal ^. luinare- n,- rolle^ros be expedient? I j mending it to the planter, besides it is "fully armed take lea\c to an-wer f.r him. iliut a-^ a m-i'o tinancial scheme, a better has never been devised at the capi- {e it not'^fl, till- i-^ only tic i'annin'j- it-'in the cash ae- e-Mint. Th" influences \\ hieli -u.-h in-tinitlMns wmuM e\ert upon the InteHi;.rence td' the connnnnity, is o| v;i^tlv mi>re moment, and rise< i,'iuij plants are liable to lio injured. Kxperienci,' ]>olnt.'> to this plant as the ])C>i a«la]>ted for def.ai.-'lvc hedges, in this country; it is also high- ly ll.ai or im- Mk. r.DiToK : — The enclosing of planiati^'n- 1 > \ pre-uatiicj- \ irn- \s a- manifested tic ]\ the jrrowinir scarcity, aid conse- quent high price of fen< in j; mac rliN. Tourists have s])ok''n Nsith rapnire of the "'•neat clipped hedges of Uld Kngland, " and certainly the ' live-fence has been nearly perfected in that country. The hawth(u-n is the ])lant best adapted fur defensive hed;res : in tii-' r>r:;i-h l-l--. \\h'r'' ii- use is almost universal. aid [a'-p rlj. trinmi d it 1- trulv f -rmdable. Fre(iueiit attempts to cultivate the llawth-an in hedgeforms have been made in this country, 1-ui tic result has been invariably a failure, as regards both the native and foreign varieties. The cause of fail- ure is owing mainly, to the depredation of (Ic crub (Saper<];i hivlttata.) Tic att;n'k eomneac.-. :i< in all ti." Tvrus I'aniilv at th" surl'ace oi' the «j;round. the \' "'.ail p-rf 'rat in^': tic dia.'act'-r ol' the tri'e in all di- male Macdui-a tre<» produced an abundance (d lliWer-. 1 pr.M uri'd male ll'Woi-- iV'im a )".int f"ur nn'es hels of iVnir. containing si.\tv-tNV<^ rpiarts of sound seed, Worth in the rhiladelphia market the past wint.^r, four dollars per quart, or :r2o(>. In connection with the above, I should !ia\e r. nmrkod that t!c particles of the ]."lk n are so miuute, that ihc naked eve cannot detect ill- m. To cultivate the Ma iura successfully in he.lg^f Tin it is not rerpiisite to highly manure the ground in- tend' d to h" i'lanted — avera'ze wlcat laicd i< sufiici- nt. The plants .-le>uld b^ r^ m >\rpa»le, cut clean with the knife.) and planted ton to twelve incli es aj'art, tic ground having been ]u-eviou-ly dug deep and >'>m'- two I'ect in bnadih. Immciliattdy afior- r-.-'ction^, cN-aitually d'-tioving it. and no cllici' nt |,j;infin.r^ the top ix intde'v ,,t' tic Lcround, whlcld'orces the plant i:i al andanc'' have been pr^ 'posed. An-e of {aduro. i> a want e.f ju'iieiiais (adtisation, indeed a waii! '<\' enlti\ation at all — for it ap}»ears to l»e generally understood, even among men claiming to thr-w-ut inincr^ud. ranches. A\ hen tie' hrancl.es have attaiu'd tic lci.:ht of ^ix (»r ei;j;ht inches, cut otf all the tops of sad hrardc-. whi'-h f it.- "Ut ;in- (.ther set of branches which mu t be treated precisc- to be intelligent, that it is simply retpilred to plant p^ jj^ ^^io same manner, icimr -tr.aig hedge shears. — the treo and that in t'la- ^horto.-t possible ]..rio(l "f j'^^ ^.,^^,, .^ dry s.'a^.'U f..llo\v.< tic tran-plantati' ^n. a u time, witho»!t re-ard to i!> want^ and (aipadHtie-^ — thenceforth it i- .xpocted tn ( idtivatc itsdf. Certainly this is the onlv inference that can be drawn, from the manner in which hedge jlant^ are too frequently treated. These causes have inducod tie In,[uiry: AVhat is the best d'fcnslvo hedge plant, adaptecl to our cli- mate, and fior tV* ]>] depredation? The Osage C)range (Madura aurantlaca) or Bois D'Arc of the Southwest, is found indigenous in Ar- kansas and Texas, and during the past five years an immense quantity of the seed has been collected in those countries and distributed over the eastern sea- a^"Man is born, not to solve the problems of the board, the facility with which it germinates, its easy ! Universe, but to find out where the problem begins. appli.-ati.ai "f man\ire or litter to the surface >ui- r-nieiicj; tic }>!:int will greatly benciit an. I pr-\"nl evaporation. 'fle> Madura tr. f .rm a perfect hedge re(piires clipping twice duruij ihc aummer, never adding to its height at any one clipping m-nthan six inches. It also requires aclose cli].]'in- in March. .,r earlier, of tic w 1 -r-wn after the la-t -umm-'r clip—the object of all thi ^ . lipping »« to render tic hedge compact by checking its rapid growth. JaAILo i». i ILTOX. PMaddphia, M(n/2(^, 1R51. 7^ OOMMUNICATIONS. [Jlwe, l^c-)l.] COAIMTXK'AIIOXS, 73 M \ Organization of the Honey Bcc, d for ]^articular branches or departments, to whom the appropriate work of each branch is as- signed, as a distinct business or duty for lif«% or even for the season. Even tlu» famous black-bces\ which have attracted so much ni.'tie<', and were often de- scribed as possessinir ricculiar characteristics, prove in the em! lo be organized in no respet;t dilfer(Mitly from tlieir congeners, the common work(>rs. Dr. Alefeld, a distinguislKjd (Icrman ajtiarian and ento- mologist, lately su])jccted these bees to minute miero- Bcopic examination, and the result was a clear con- viction that, in bodily organization, theyare precisely similar, in all respects, to the ordinary workers — difference in color constitutin;^; tlie sole distinction. You are under an erroneoi;- imprc^ssion, also, wlion you mention Schirach, as '"the discoverer of tli^ mode of forming a queen out of tli*^ larva of a work- er.'' Schirach never professed t(j have made tlie dis- covery ; nor is itkno\vn hy \viiom it was mtuh\ Tn liis treatise on thesu])ject, published in thi" year 1770, ■-.MlWt "•*•••* »*'■' tW*.'*IWM r-w^-^-'mMe^mjFmmim'^m^tm* has not, till qnife recently, been avail'-. ] .,r in ..^n^,. tice, on an extoiislve scah», with beneticial results. But since the ])uMic;uio!i (.!" i)//i! rzou's '' Thconj arul Practice;^ by ^which uK^st of the mysteries which so long shrouded the natural history of this inspect are elucidate'd and removed, tlie process has become an essential jiart of modern inqiroved practical bee- culture, as regulated ]>y scientilic })rinci|'les. P(>rmit me to say, also, that Min(!ris not f;ir wren ? in stating that the eyes of the Ijces ''arc^ situated on tlie upper surface of the head.^'' Those organs on the sides of the head which have usually been cull. , I eyes, are undoubtinlly such; lait they are not th- .uly organs of vision. Tlie recent microscopical iuv( .-ti- gations of rrofessor Bartiii:, of Elchstiidt, ono ,f the editors of the '' Jiit/ic/izciiunfj^'' denioii.-trato diat what are connuon'ly called sl( niniahi. and \\hi( h ::; diilercntly placed on the hwads of the worker, druiie and ((ueen respectiv(dy — ar(3 in reeJity eyes, designed and used f>r specific Durnoses df xision. in .lepord- ance with the |»eculiar habits and wanis ot" the insect. In the '' Jiiciuirj ilun organs (.t" smell. A\ ithout entering on ;l critical examination of Mi- n-a-'s book, as a M'ork *" woitliv oi" beiii-»- called a full he states that the process has Ix'cn known for more j [tractical treatisi^ " on ]>ee-cultur(\ I mav adwrtt tliau twenty years, in Upper Jaisatia, but having : a few ])articulars wherein 1 conceive his statemeni tv been k"pt a secret, it was ])ractic(Ml only by a small nund)er of apiarians. All the merit he claimed was that of ha\ing ]»ronudgated the discovery, aftcu* veri- fying it by exjierinieiit, and sinqdifying the ])rocess. Swaininerdam, in his "7j////e i.f Xnlfirc,'^ puldished in 17 '■-'. at b'-ipzig, says tlrat a then li\ing and \vy\ be dece}itive or erroneous. It remair.s to be prt^vt^l, for in:;tance, that t;.' queen bee ever deposits the egg- in a roval ex-oie • '> c(dl ; or tliat tlie hwwi in such cells are supplied '.. ii'. f)ud other or more jamg'Mit tlian that furiii>i:ed to tho worker bro^.d. .Vceonlini;' lo the nmre recent obpcr- intelligent apiarian possessed and had communicati d ! vaiions, the probabilities are against these positie!i< to him, the art of producing queen ))ees from worker or assumptions. Tlca-e is reav^ai lo believe that ti:: eggs or larva, lie also describes the })rocess very ; siz(^ and jxadiaps tic position of those cells, togetlior minutely and statts most of the conditions requisite for its success. Tiiough ])y sonu^ (iernean writta-s it has been alleged, that the art was known and prac- ticed as early as the year 1735, yet Swannnerdam's account appears to be the earliest published notice of it, and corroborates Schirach's statenvni that it h;nl been known for more than tv^eiity y(Mirs befon^ the time at which he wrote. Schirach himself regarded the discovery as accidental, and as having been made, almost simultaneously, in different districts. The discovery itself is undoubtedly one of much interest and importance ; but as the principles on "whidi success depends were not fully understood un- til within the last twelve or fifteen years, the process with their pe(ailiar construi'tion, allowing entire fn . - di'in and jca'fection of de-, elopeuimt, are the seio cause V by the lar\a br( d and matureii therein, emerge as queens, which Avould have come f<»rili workers if bred in tic narro\ver horizontal c(dls. Again, — Mr. Miner all"ges that "the two kinds (»f eggs — f ir Nvorker and drone bees, namely- -are ger- minated in perfeetly distinct and separate bodies, no organic separation exists in the formatii>n of the ovary, as has ever yet been discovered.'^ This is ia direct variance with the results of the latest physio- logical examinations of tho insect. From these it seems to bo pretty well settled that the eggs of tho queen, as developed in her ovaries, arc all originally •^i of the same kind or character; and that every unfe- cundated queen, if productive, will lay eggs producing dron*m onlj. The eggs of a fecundated .pieen, on the other hand, wirty— as, indeed, i.ir tlie greater number of them do — in their progress tlnMujli the oviduct, become impregnated by the seminal fluid, as they pass tic .rlfice of the sac or gland containing it, which op.ais ii.to Uw e\iduct. ll ihcy be bo impreg- nate'.;i this ^object, aid ie'p- he will occasion- 1 piiiaps ?i^cc%v(f /■////— will be, in w..rk.r c-lN r.inain- ally favor us wiili articl..> uji-ai this .,,r ;iiiy other ill;.: >uch, or into Worker cells which ar- sub^'-iu. nt- ' >ubjeet suitalde to tle^ dnurnal. Iv tran-lbrmcd into royal cells, th-y are capable' ofl As we remark. m1 in our r.'\iew of Min r's }[ thr^aigh the o\!.iilel the be not thu.-< iuipl" nated, t a.h will pi'o be'c \\ (li-i aie Her or lar''-er- analier ( as It ill ay .a. hap ' :s^ pai 1. 1 h ■ if p"--it.'d in a dr or w^rKer (. fecundated ipe'< n, vigor. ais and healihy, will n.'t — mi-oa ! d V r^/»;K>/ — c' rtaihr>i whether tlie drones ]«r.«duei'd fr(an the v'^'^>^ of an un- fecundated, or "f a >up'a-annuat"d and enf-edded queen, p(jssess \li-ii:ty. oi- are in fact true dr. aies. — In the present st^ito of our know ledge of this matter, it seems pr»d.»able that the size or diameter of the cell determines whetlier the (^^t^^ deposited therein by a ll -allhy ieeaii'lai'd .pern, >liall jir, kUici' a worker or a drone — a narrow or worker cdl eauMiig such a compressing of the abdomen of the queen, when in the act of lavinjr, as results in an eniis-^ion or effusion of seminal fluid from the Siic or gland containii'LT it, into tic oviduct, as the egg passes its I'rilice or mouth: ;;:i I a wid.a* ^^r ilroue e. 11 p.aanitting the egg to be if'p'i-ii' d witliout sucli comj>ro>>;. ai (d the abdomen an i cMii-eiiinait (aiii>->itai 'W of c.iur- ', al.-o, that the tpie-n nev.'r depo-it-'S an '"^^'^^ in a r'lyal cell ; but that e\ery su(di cell i> cdu-truct- el afeT tie' i-^S'j^ has been dep(c-it<'d in a Wvirk'M" ced — bv rene'\al ot" matorial, rt niMdellini: it, and t. t tl'v i!;auuaig "'>' arranginent and pn-^iiion, li .wever this may be, the fact appears to liave lieen demon- strated that every healthy fecundated queen deposites worker and drone eggs, respectively, in their appro pi'iale cells: and that every uniev und.ited tpe • n, if ierlile, dcpu.>iLc.^ drone c^';^^ alone, in (dther class of colls indiscriminately. Generally, liowa^ver, such queens are sterile. • It is to be regretted that Mr. Mii,, a- ina;nd- •d up'ai the . d..-,ta'\ atioiis of etlier-, and S baa diwas credin 1 oil the authority ol' other-, due discrepancy between Min .r and lluler was ne ntioned to call at- tention to tie- -ubi'-ct. .vh.'i-ait id)servers are not the only one- lilo ly to be ia ' a r. r — for example, a (M)rres])ondtait in tia"^ Boston Lulilvator denies the wh.de Lhv.ory, or rather fact — of rum-nating animals chewin!r their food after it has been once swallowed. This siiould lead u.- to extreme caution in a subject as dIfHcult as that of bees. We have known a person somewhat versed in insects who conl 1 n -t di-eover tie diiferonce ln'tween ;i m.ile and female insect placed bef« r^ bim, tdthoULji really not difficult l'^ p.re'i\e. and luany parallel cases will probably be detected in ilic histories of bees. It must l)e rem inb r- 1 that various species of bee are cultivated be- tlie honev, in ditVerent parts of tlio u.ald, and c-n-^ pi.aitly, it i> un.iii^' to dtiiy the -ta" aie nt h liil:" reiiL rc.-ulis. The sulject of bees has been treated by ^o m:\uy obse-rveTs that writers who do not make tlvem>civcs ac new ones. Thus, during the appearance of the IT- years Cicada in 1- . i. a description of its singing or therefore what may not be said in the volumes of Aall)org, publi>hed at, for exanqde, Copenhagen in IGd'J and \(A± The assertion a- io tlie ant imnc being organs of smell is as far from being proved as the counter as- s«»rtion tliat tln^y are esirs — and one Cierman and one Enirlisli author go as far as to call them ears. Miner's assertion about the eyes being upon tlie top of the head is about equivalent to saiying that the hair of a bear is upon the top of the head, the head of some insects being nearly all eye, although the stammata occupy but a small space. That the late- ral eyes are the normal organs of vision in insects, there can be no doubt. — Ed.\ 1 74 rOMMrXITVATToX?^. J IVE. BrvsMga*"'"!'V?vyn. yrt ■'>-■■? ^I^*j»^r^rtJ*ru•^»^wpll#l*'M^„^*w■^lNW'y>'^r?l»^^ ifcui'm-ji Farmers aons anul liir l.r.nnrd Pii^ressions, It has lonackward of all sciences. This is certainly to be deplored at a time like the present, where so much vnlunhle inf(U'- mation upon every department of the su])ject niav hf had at so comparativoly trifllnu; an oxpcnditurr ol time and monciy. This state of things is attributable to several causes, only one of which I shall refer to ill my present cniiniiunication. Among ilio sons of our farnv^'s, are found as fre- quently as nmonrrst any otlun* cltissos (»f th(^ commu- nity, young uKMi (,!' rare natural cndowmeuts. No sooner are their ahilitir^ di^covcnMl, than an itching to see them lawyers, doctors, or jir-'aduM-s, takes pos- session of the parents, or some ambitious friend or relative. Thus, in nmo cases out of ten, an excellcMit j tailed in the Ilortieulturist, vol, 1, ]...'.■">•'.. Their farmer is spoiled; au«i me leaneMi j)n)irNM()ii> a- vigorous growtii ana iieauiiiui appearaiu'i' (miingthar they are termed, crowded with hungry applicants for s-^ason was all that the \]\nring when heading in (dfsix inches from iIk^ frround) vou niav iuachi!ig. 'fhere is c(U'tainly no i j,^,,^^,. (Ar\icola xanth(»gnatus). Some have i^up- calling in Hie more (liguiiie(l and truly independent p^sed that pl-ants are destroyed 1)y moles (Sealol>^ than that of the farmer; whih' it cannot be denie(l that ii is ceriainly one of the most pleasant and en- n )]llin<^ If, instead (d' the sillv desire of some pa- r-Mit- to ncike pri'!""ssional men (d' their sons, they would teaeh th'ia to love and respect farming as a science, and would endeavor to had them to imbibe a love for Scientific Agrieuliure. we should soon lind that instead of being regar^h d by many as a pursuit fit only for tli*^ unlearned and rude, it would be ele- vated to its proper dignity. It is with ph>asure I beludd e\idencos of a dispo- sition to commence the good work. The young men themselves are taking hold (i" it in irood earnest. — Agricultural Societies are springing uv in almost every County in iV-unsylvania : and ioremost in this laudable reform, we find the young men. It is to be hoped that their own self-respect will iiuluce to press forward the work with all their vigor, and to persevere until they have accomplished all that is necessary to place farming where it properly belongs — in the front rank of the Sciences. J. S. Keller. Oioigshurg^ May^ 1851. canadensis) hut 1 have friMpiently traceil thtirridgos in the immediate proximity of the roots, wiilieut a ti]>r(^ l)eiiig eaten. AN'here those little destrm-tive cri^itures are no fountl so plentifully, or ke])t in cleck by ca.ls.dogsoi hawks, and tie,' hedges are cli}t})cd thrice in the pT*'-* per season, a good barrier may be grown. Tn the first number of the Western TTortieulturn ivcview, Ih". Warder, \\ ho has a sphiclid hedge '* this ]daut, gives his method of nianaL.enc'nt — ti: best tliat 1 have yet seen. J. K. Eshixmax. Chcdcr CO,, Pa. Rice is being cultivated as an experiment In Cali- fornia, on tJu^ San Jo;i(|uin. A\ ith riee' ah>ng the river l)anks, aid whent and barley growing iii the biU'S coinitry. ('aliforni:i will yet b<> ahh> to estaldisll h^'^' self as a land of agriculiural wealih. The consumption of beer in Munich for tho y^'^* 1850 was 39,000,000 of quarts. The city lays a tas of } kreuzer on a quart; this tax nearly pays tli-' 1 whole municipal expenses. W «2S ¥* IS'L] ■'C^ rOMMrNi(''ATl(»Xf > BiFa— i**'**" ^narm '• ^liadc as a l'"diM]-se l,,:i(ls. It was reira.rd" I at tic time )>3' ncny p"r-"n<. a- a n-\,l nc- I ' of .lisposing of tlie surphi^ -M'aw. \<'\ g^aea-aily bcresed (■! I>e ad- vantageous. This >i'ring it could plainly be seen to luivethe effect of starting the grass' thuii in fields adjacent, and causin.: it to grow v, ith greater vigor. I am fully convinci^d, that >traw .'-jir'ad over the ground at the connu'iie-aie lit oi" wint'a-, w^aild in a great measure prevent the frost from heaving, or lilting the Soil, w liich from the alternate freezing and thawing, frequently occasions the destruction of wheat, clover &C., lie' tV"-t (Irawlii'i tie' phml-^ wever. wlcn this simple ex]icriment is lak'ii int^i c/ 21, 1851. The Crows and Pigeons defratcMt— .Swt (]< '1 tirnies. Mi;. MniToii -La-t y.-ar tic (a-<.\\s nnd my n-igh- In.r's chickens and i>i;reon> luxuriat-'d onm\ icv.lv plant ''d c I'/n ci"i a*-^. I ^^ a- iiet.'rmined 0 > d-'f'M ' t h^aa ihi- season, aid ha\'' -uie h ■! ailniirahly. I ha\e tlijip' d t h" will lie (d' mv <'fd e. aai in '/•' v /"/• aiel i le-n dri(>d it wiih plaster. Tic rarly e aa\. and t!>" fir-t planting of late is now u]' and iioi ;i lull has be..u disturbed. Sun.r Ti'nvir-. — AVe obtained la after hav. u-:ie,r al 'Mt t w ■ • cortis »d street manure and 3 A cwt. of jruano to the acre, well inoor- porated togeth'T ;im 1 i-arefully pu' !!.:■ ih" dri^!-. covered up an 1 in lanily sowed the seed. Anotie r olserv itioii i> w-a'tliv "I ii"te. tli n n^ \'> American seed comes away (piicker tliaii ihe imported and out- tcrows tlio attacks of the flv. K. Buist. Iloscdale Nurseries d' Seed Farm. The Ashes of Antliracite Coal. IJY JON'.VTIIAN" n. nt'NCE, I'T 'i MKCOLLEOr 1 M;oRATORV. Coal, now so common an article of fu< 1 ii^ till our cities, leaves but a small (juantity of ashe.-. \ -t \" h' a we take int(» acconoi the number I t.>ns consumed in a sinjrle vear this amount becom - \ • i v considera- ble; hence, it becomes a matter oi im. rest to know \'. !i"!h a* ir e;in h" e. 'n^!'i'a'''d <'f ecdii' iiii hal ^a]ue. — \\ iih thi- purp'is,' in \\''\\, l\v.> >-ampM s ot e^al we^re .v-'b'er- 1. tie- whit'' and r^-d a^h \arietiiv, and the jjuant!!!'- will f.aai!i/.e the most barren soils — -()r coiisiihrt d in with tie- b;^l' I ith in \vat'a- and aeid deirrmiu'd 'Win: r. -alt-. \ 1 ,', 111" i'.'j:iit of niulclii 11'!, it becomes a <[Ue^tiiai "f ui'^at ilea • a taiK e to the farmer aiel gard'iea'. aiel In thi- light may ]>, well known to )>c of grcf liic p ini-n .swiutjic in a'ld. W. a. var. li.a. va. S(duble silica l'M\ S.f.ill Alumina So.^Ol 2'.>.')7.". Iron 20.1)4:; i"/! I Lime l.^.()o.") bins 1.;:;" bk^'^'i: Magnesia W . a.\ar. Soda I. '....> ]^.tash l.t::". I'lios. aeid 1 .7'."". Snl. a-id .'^.l'' 1 Chhaduf.' .<'>7 .. a. va. 1.11') .732 1 .sso , ..o 1 o .01« more rapidly on 1 larj; r in those li.ealiihs, where an anual la^ar (.f h av. - is l.-t> to sha.f' the ground. By covering the soil with any refuse matter, it re- mains in a more equable state, both as regards temperature and moisture, the roots of trees and plants find a more eonjrenial medium to extract nour- T.aab 'JO, n< T'M.e/.q The results obtanied in tliese two analyses .sccni t > justify the extensive use of coal ashes for agriculturad purposes; they are very valuable on a. .'\int • f the .-'Ulphates of bm.' an.l magnesia wdiieh th.y . 'nialn. and also from the ph.-ph.rie aci»l and alkali* s. — . Hundreds of tons ^\hich arc now wasted might tluH be broujrht into use. — Proceed. Am. Assoc. 1851. iihmcnt from a cool and moist soil, and grow with ' with men. Cholera ix Animals. — Evidence was produced to the Frenidi Academy, showing that during the pre- valence of the cholera in France, horses wore observ- e) f. ike oil the brush sometime in the month of Alareh, hcfcre the plants appear, and tread the bed again, and at the same time give the ground a slight dressing;- (>[' ma- nure. Tlie dung of Ibwls of all sorts, is sought after Notes on tlic cultivation v^manar^cment of Tobacco, ^^^^, ^,,;^ purpose, which ])eing ])eaten, is silted over the b(Ml through a coarse basket or riddle. The brush is then restored, and not iinallv removed until iho leaves of the plants [wo luilf an iiudi in (hainetcr; when the dn^ssing of manure is again a}>plie(l, taking care to wait the apjiroach of rain for tiiat ptirjMi.so.— Any grass or avcimIs that may liavi^ sjuanig i;[) in the meantime are carefully picked out. In diy seasons, II uie >uu.ue/ii .iui!iii.> «»i it, tlic bcd uuist bo irrigated, bv traininir a small sti-eam of water areund the e(l;;o From tlie plant bed to tlic prize — accorduii/ to tlu- most a}}provcd jjradici'-i la Albtnnarlc and the adjacent counties In Mr//liil'(. 1st. of the choice of lands for tue flaxt-beds, and mode of l'kefarin(j it. A rich virgin loam wnn -a siignt mixture oi sano is ascertained to be the hest soil for raisinuc tobacco with a coinniiin watering p^r, or ]>iiie luishes dipped in water and sh(joko\er the bed until sut!iei( iit moisture is ol)tained. T'lehr a careful observance of thi< management, the plaiii- aeeording as the seasons have been I'avur- able or not, will 1ie fit to trnnsidant from the loth ei Alay to the lOth .)f June. A jdanter thiid;- himsell lueky, if he can get his crop ]. itched by the lOth of June. After that, tht» s(nisons are luicertaiii from the heat of the weather, and tiie (diances of success for a cr(»]i preeari>ius: though it ha-^ hefu known to succeed when planted in thi; middle of July. < I ! •'^' This (piantity of ]'1anr b(>d is genei'ally consider- ed under g(»o(l circumstances as sulficieiit to set tr^n thousand hills in good time, ihit the ]>rudent plan- ter taking into consideration the casualties of llv, drou'dit, ic, will do W(dl tomaki^ a larger all :\v mcc ^y^) know of no certain remedy (^r antidote against the lly which destroys the early ])lants. plants. Su(di spots are indicated by the growth of | of it. If not it slieuld be wateivd cverv evening alder and ha/de IjusIu^s in bottoms and (»n the margin of small streams, aiel if tlu; situation has tlej ceio- mand of water for irrigation it is on that account to be preferred — the spot being selected, the first opera- tion is to burn it with a strong fire. For this purpose the growth of every kind is v\\i off, (not giubi.ed up) and the whole surface raked verv clean. 'Jdie burn- ing should l)e done before Christmas, or as soon after as the weather will ]>ermit — and if done thus early it cannot be well t'^o hea\y, v\v]i bringing the soil to a hard cake. The wonderful fertility imparteil to soil by fire, Ims of late years been clearly jiroveti ami de- veloped by \arious ex])criinenis in this and other countries, but judging I'roni long I'stablisheii practice, we suppose it is a fact that has been long known t tobacco jdanters; that this fertility is iin]»arted by lire, and no ways de])tuident upon the ashes left by the process is (dearly ]iroved from the fact, that the same results will ensue if the ashes are sw(q>t off (Uitircly clean. Ur lake another )»i(^ce of ground (d" Cipial (pia- lity, cover it ^^ith as much or more ash(\s, and ]>re- pare it in eV(U"y re^p(>ct similar except burning, and plants cannot be raised in it. Hence the neeessity and propriety of regular ami uniform burning, the want of wdiich is always manifested by a dliulnutive yellow and sickly growth of plan t> io those spots not sufficiently acted on by the lire. After the t;rniind becomes cool from burning, the whole surfic(> sIkhiM be swept with a coars(> t\vig broom to take out the coals. In this operation some of the ashes will be removed, but that is of no conse- quence; it should then be hrid^ell Up about two iutdics deep with grul)bing hoes, in whieh oj>eratien and in repeated choppings afterwards with hilling hntv^, all roots will be cut and finally got out with a tine iron tooth rake AvlTudi will leav(> ground in ]H-o]»er order to receive ihe leecd. The most approved time for sowing is about the first of February, the beds previously prepared being suffered to lie and mellow by the frost and snows to that time. But it will do very well to burn and sow after that time, as late as the first of March, taking care not to have the heat so great. The quantity of seed is as much as can be taken up in a common ta- Thk l^iRECTORs of the ]Hibli(; schools (T the several wards have been impi'o\ing and ornaueining tho grounds (d' the beading Aeademy, in lonith street, by ]danting shrubliery, roses, etc., and adding tret^ here and there where they are n(^od(^d. Ibiildinjis of this character should be render* d as atlraetivo iV"" i»os>il)le. it indicates taste and relin* !n nt (ii the part ol those having them in (diaig,<\ and retlects cre- dit on the whoh> community in which they arc locati'u. — Head In J Journal. A Ibioiiru' riiuu.i:.— The (■<"ii-u< mir-l.al of ^0^ Alexico cites, as an c\ideiiee that the people of that region are |»rolilic, that Ojo Calleiite Jose Antonie Trugillo has twenty-five children li\ing — thirteen sons an 1 twelve (laughters — ))y (me wife. Jose ana his wife were living, in good le ulih, at\he veneniMo ages, respectively, of UO and 80. The proposition of ^Ir. Russell to establish an ^Vgricultural School, has met with general favor.— rlulada, Lniuircr, 22d May. Til ]-: imus 11: (Prize Essay, which obtained, in Kngland, tie reward -f Five Pcarnds.) TKUMS COMMONLY M\nE l^L Ol' To DUNoTE THE KMLUN'AL I'AUTo Oi' Tlir. H c:^F. 1. ^luzzle. i:. Jlace. 3. F-T'dioad. 4. l\ei. 5. Cr.-t. <'. \\ IthiTS. 7. r>aek. 8. b'>;ns. 0. lib,. I'l. t'l-iaip. 11. l>-ek. 1-. l^iart-r. l;'>. Thiuh. t! in.:. 1"). pMint of tiic ILvck. If). Cannon. 1 ( . r eth >ek. is. harire Pastern. 1'.). Small l^l-^tern. 120. lluef. 21. rnronet. 'J"J. Ham, or lluck. i:;:. Still. -s. 21. Slcath. 2.'). Flank. 2«'.. (iirth. 27. KIbuw. 2S. Iloel. 2'.>. 11-of. 30. Small Pattern. \\\. b »!•-■' Pa:,t';rn. 32. i'Hl ek. 3.'b r;;:iii'.ii. :;b Knre. .".."). .Arm. ?Xk l»re:i-t. or Bo^i^m. .">7. point of the Sh-nilder. oS, \\ indjdpc. .".0. Cull.-t. 4<>. Jowl. A\ ESSAY ON Tin: KXTEUNAL FORMATION' Oil STIIUCTVRE OF THE lIoRSE, AND ON THE DISOKDEBS oni(;iNATiN(; therein. Pleriipie onme-- fieiunt ad^h'^-eentnli Utanimnm w 1 ali<[Uod studium adjiiiiuMut. aut ad cquos Alere, aut e;uies ad venandur.i, aut ad philosopher. 'J'lrencf. T purpose, in the fMl],,^vIlle|\d and explieit d- seriptinii he is of to u--, and tlie share lie takes in eiir i» (d' sien^ and p«'ril«'Us ent<'ry)ris<-s. serve to in<)>ire us that valuable anim.il th" h -rse ; di-criminating the with even a degre.- of affertieii f t him. h.very horse originally W(dl f Tiued tit fr-.m th-" cro^-<- ne' j.artieuhir pury.nse ; f.r Imrses n.-t likelv-to-bceoine-diseasection of them, in re- pixt(}en stone'across a heavy "country, from the imbe- ' gard t(» thes(» particulars, constitutes one of the most cih' and wcaklv-ccn-titutioned spidfT : and lastly, t<. ardmais and nicest duties of the mnnrds^seur : \\(^ sIimw hv wliit Veadv ami eertala mo«le-; we mav de- mu^t readily :iekiinwledge gnod or bad coiif 'rmatifU t'''t uii^ >\nidn''^-^ in the laireha"' nf a prad, and when we ar<' t' pr^ivainee that Ic i> perfectly sound. 'I'll • 1 .• .* i' I — trace genealogy in the outline, and di-e '\. r -aJc ne sais (jfioi in the t'^nf n)s^rj7ilJr that deiit.t- -■ a e"(xi or 'f he horse, in tiic estimation of a s])ortsm:in, -tand^ I'-'^'l ii.stinetive and nn alt- rnbh" (pialiti'^. preeminent above other ((uadrupt^ds, a.s uuiu dues. In de>cril>ing the good arel bad .pialitics ui a horse, al)ove every other animal: not only do matchless 'it will be necessary to mak' u.-c of niany terms, de- bcauty and* strength of form, combined with unriyal-l noting different eitcrnul part8, which, to all horse- 78 TTTR TTOPST: Ju!?E, isrii.] THE CHINA GOOSE. 70 " men will not roquiro any explanation; lest, however, the reader be iinac([uaintcd with some of those terms, a -plate is annexed, having references to the parts themselves in the lioes he show any hlood, or is he all over a monyrcl? In fine, is he the sort of fhini\ mikI \ ;i~ ; rious other ini[)ortant considerations W"> I)(>|m' to mi- | ravel tln^ natureof in thocourso ((fthis iiKiulrv, oH'cr- 111 ing such remarks, IVoni time to tinif, :>s may ]>r()\ei of practical service to the youna- rent disproportion oi* dfiormit v, his mention is at once fixed to that parti'-ular point. I]\rrv hnrs(\ for example, that is ttderahly ^\r\\ foiined, sliould exiiibit due pr(^p(jrtions of limb ami carcass : in fict, nine out often have as much cai-cassas is (s-jiial to tlic ai-eaof tlie space occupied liy tlie leirs in ordinary standin'r: but should liis legs be extraoi-ilinanly lonir, (»r his carcass dispro])ortionately small, he is said to have too much dayligiit under him, and that is certainly no mean objection. Slkould his head he very large, his neck of disproportionate lengtli. his f.e-e legs stand under liim, or his (piarters be ragged and ngly, such glaring imperfections cannot fail to attract our notice as soon as, or even before the groom Inis set him on his legs. But we shall havo occasion to particularize these things in a detail of the pindeetioiw and imjter- fectionr of the ditVerent parts entering into the cumpo- gition of the animal. The exterior of the horse may be di\ld- comes enormouslv aniiiuented, so that the weiLdit transmitted to the fore extremities (for those parts support the heatrai^hf, (sc" pint". ) ajid the muzzle, in the blood laa'.-f. -([uaro, and such as Avill go into a jiint pot; a ihemui noso (••ne in >\hi(h the race is cairve siral'l'', though his napper he hut ot" oiMilnary dinu'n- sions; it is seen more connnonly. ho\s(^ver, in a hij; head, which it, in a side view, makes appear nut only much larger, 1 »ut exceed i n irl v'u liI v ; thi^ nnavbesai'i t'l constitute a plain York-hire liend. \\ iihah tlie hcnf proportionate length, and progressiv*' increase in breajlth, as it appro;ndies the chest. A long neck, if it be straight, or but liith^ curveth is la::'-' {y'> a.nd from tln^ lungs, is an opinion t whicii we cannot suhserihe. 'fhe neck should aini he thin, not thick and hca\y, and roundetl and straight along its lower margin; should the camil of thejiip;- ular \ein h" d'''p. a.nd the windpipe full and {irom'- n"nt beh'W it. we mav r"L::ard it a- a si-in of fr(i(»d wind. \\ ie n tip' ai'ch of it is i-eversed, i. o. ]>ei(jW instead o^abo^e, and the er<'st. or what ouiiht to W the crest, n-ar th" witlni-s, is h^llMwand -unken. rhc horse is se.id to hav(> an ewe-neck, oiu' of the greatest natural deformities counuiin t^ these pai-tM, Under these circumstances it is usual fnr a dealer to say that th" neck is put on the wrong side upward; but. in reality it sippears to ari^e from the junction of it with tlie chest being t<»o htw down. [Tiie alK.ve valua])le essay on the horse wo oej Y from the Plough, IvO(.m and An\il, to the puhlishcTB of v.hieh journal avc arc indebted for the engravin|i; which a<^C(»mpanies it. 'flic length of the article pre- cludes the possibility of publishing it entire in a sin- gle number. AVe shall therefore give the remaindiT . in our subsequent numbers. — Ed.\ tm ■m iniproiici) XoidIs. h^«i«-Mar«vVMI!JilHV(b t.matf'M. ' ■ "W VJ#aB'Ji TnK China Goose. — Of this variety, three beautiful specimens were exhibited at the late Agricultural Show ludd in the county of Fhiladelphia. They were owiu'd bv a gentleman, whose name 1 forget, living in the vu-inity of Taeony, near this city. In intro- duciuic this varietv if th" n»ader, 3Ir. l>ixon says; — There is something in the aspect of this creature, the dark brown stripe down its neck, its small bright eye, its harsh voice, its ceremonious strut, and its af- fectation of scMtau li:in'_'" iii a Iniii'v. whiidi seems to say iliat it eani" frnm ( 'hina. li w-aiM perfectly bar- lu'ini/" in a picture of Chinese >{\\\ lil'e; mt in a Chi- nese <:'ardcn, with artillciallv arranged r- "k-. dwarf t-""-. ci"''.iked trellises, and /.i:^/ag path^\ay-; nr. m !! ni'-re extended landscape, it would gi'.aip well ,,n a hroad ri\er. !■■ -i«]e a boat tiileM! twejirv to ma ged- liirfv etrirs \\\\\ in It rnre - m ^n, wi;!i 'iiins to Mt, afi'l a-am oa t h" autumn, afbu" her naail'. frc'iu ten to iiib-eti !e,,r ■. I haNi'ic'Ver ohar. l„.^i.l,.s gra<-, potatoes-, and cilibages, laid i^):^^;:^ larger tlian nrdinary ; ..ne ,,|' ihem (with a double yolk) wei-l,.. 1 ^.veuand* a. half euitees, nearly half a pound. 1 need har^ a variety so deci- dedly, marked as to tlemand a separate notice. The eggs of tlie China goo.sc arc somewhat less than those of the domestic kind, of a short o\ah wiiii a smootli thick sludh white, },ut slightly tin-/' d \\\\\\ yellow at the smallei- end. 1'he ge-lin.:-, wleri lir<"l hatched, are usually very strong. '[\v'\ are cfa dirty green, like the color produced by the mixing if \i- dian ink and yellow ochre, with darker patches here and tliore. The legs and feet are lead-color, but af- terwards change to a dull red. If there is any thing like good pasturage for them, they require no fu rthrr attention than what their parent.s will afford them. — After a time a little grain will strengthen and for- ward them. If well fed, tlioj como to maturity v*ry •^.■J^^^igiSI -'-'^^Si^'' 80 THE BREMEN G00SE-~D0MEST1C ECONOMY. -■•WWiiifuifwwi nmximiitT I'in] ITORTIOTTLTURAL. SI rapidly. In ])ctwecn three ;in- lull-^^roMn and ready for tlie H])it. Thoy do not Ix'ar (<> Iw slml uji to fatten so •well as common geese, and iherelore those destined for the ta])le are the hetter for ]»rofuse liand-feedin^^. Their fiesli is well-flavonMl, short, and tender: their eggs are good for cooking purposes. The Bremen Goose. — As quality (»r llosli, com1»ijied with weight, is a main consideration, I wish to men- tion, regarding the former, tliat tli<' llcsli dl tlii Bre- men goose is very dilfin'ont Iroin tli;it ol" any of our best domestic vari(^ti(>s. It do's n^t jiartak*' "C ll'Ut dry character ul/u-h lidongs to olhcr and mnri' cnm- mon kindsj»nt is as tender and juicy as tlie ii"sh of a wild ftwl: besid''s it shrinks le-s in tlie ]>roe('ss of cooking, tiian ll'.at of any otlier fowl. Some of the keenest epicures have declared that tin,' llesh of the Bremen go;)se is (Mjual. if not superior, to tlnitof the C'debrated canvas-haek duck. Tliei-e is assuredly some comfort, not uneond»ined Avitli ease, in carving a bird that weighs seventeen pounds, and taking a slice from tlie breast, so long ;is to he (>l)lig(Ml to cut it in two, that one-half may cover no more than the width of" a ("lUimon dinnei' plate. The liremen goose inclines to commeTiee laving ai an earlier p(M-iod than' this northei-n latitud" favors, which is in the latter ])art of February. To give th" young fair ]day, it is lujt advisable tluit hatching should be hnished l)efore the first of dune. The mode of prevention used 1»y my fathei' is ;i< fi»llows: The whole of the l>reeding sto(d<, male and I' nial«\ are put into a dark room — say :il)out the tv^-cTitieth of February — and kc^pt there until ahout the tenth day of A]>ril. ^Vhen in durance they ari^ well led once a dav with oni, and allowcfl suUicieiit water all along t<)'drink. Onco a week they are allr they are set at liberty, the disposition returns, and they conuucMice laying. WJK^n first hatched, the goslings are of a very d(di- cate and tender ccmstitution. My father's general practice, is to let them remain in the ])0X in which they were hatched f )r twenty-fair hours after they leave the slndl: ]>ut he n^gulates this by tlu^ weather, which, if fair and warm, may t(derate the letting the goslings out ;ui hour or two in the middle of the day, when they may wet their little bills and niltble at the grass. They ought not to be out in rain at any time during the lirst month. A very shallow ])ool, dug in the yard, with a biudvct or two of water thrown iiUo it, to suit the temporary purpose of bathing, is sulli- cient during the period named. The practice of feeding my father fdlows is. not to give the goslings any grain whati^ver, after they are four days (dd, until s'now falls, wIumi they require to l>e fed on corn f >r a time, lie thinks, however, that if well fed on grain from the time they wen* hatch<'d. they might weigh fnnn 4 lbs. to 7 lbs. more than by leaving them to grass-feeding alone. By feeding his geese until they are four days old, and then literally "siMuling them to grass," the weight of my father's geese, at seven to (>ight months (dd. has averaged from 17 to 18 Ihs. each, after the feath- ers had been cleaidy ])icked off. lie has no doubt that 25 lbs. could be easily attained by a little atten- tion to feeding with grain. The breeding-boxes mentioned above are made in the fashion something like a dog-kennel, with a roof pitched l>oth w:iyR. They arc .'i'> inches long, }»y 24 inches, and are 21 incles in h -iLilit. 'j'hc door is in the (']!(], and is covered by a sliding paiicd, which moves up^^ ard<, wlien et^ress or ingress is sought, ainl may be shut down at ])h\isure. ]'or the first month the geese and goslings are all shut up in the ho.xos at night, in order to ])rotect them against rain ami vermin. — J)iu.oii amlKcrr^s Ornanicntal I^oulfri/. Pomcotic (Pconomv). t Advaxtacks OF S^'stemath: AKi'.AN(;rMr\T. — It h W(dl known that in domestic economy, goi.d houFo- keepers do actually derive this incidental ;i(l\:uit!Vj:o lYom a day of rest through the w* ek: — One day j^ devot(Ml to washing; one to ironing: one to cleaniiv; house; one to mending; oiu^ to baking: so il;;'.t I v Saturdav nif i'(h1 lead and Indian meal with molassos;, mtiking it about the consistency of paste. It is kn.own to he a certain exterminat(»r of roaches. A frieml v. ho av,;- troubled with thousands upon thousands t>f tlicMi, :. 1 his house of them by this mixture in a very f -w niLrh'^- Put it upon plates and set it Avherc^ the vermin a:- thickest, and they will soon hcdp themsidv(-s. lie curi- ful n(»t to have anv articles of food near hv wli'.i'- you set the mixture. BED-Brns. — There is a long article in the Valley /''^f?'wrr, by which it is (^staldishre^eHti^e (d" tlie nuisan«-e in (juestion.— The reader will take \rr tie' latter, however, they possess one aivantaice — that a W'l! known fact that all iilants usuallv sue- cwl best in their native^ land. To accomjdish tlien til' improv nent of the lxas]d)erry, jind indeed all otiicr kinds id' iVuit, we should rai-e seedling varie- ty-. In dang this, two mi»(l"s present themselves r.>r our C(msideration. In tln^ (»ne case, seed, artifi- cially fertilized, is ust^d ; — in the otlier, that which Ka-"* h-rn ftriilized naturally, or without tlie interven- t. >u of man. The fir.-^t, commonly termed "cross impregnations" i"" the most certain way of farming valualde varieties |i!!ii is .•onducte(l on precisely the same principle as [lliat |.iir>;i''d bv our a'j-riculturists in improvin"- thtdr P " I "f cattle. A fine specimen of ea-di sex, posses- FitiL' cerbiin good fpialities not c<^inmon to both, is i>u;illv selected, and a combination of their irood hu;iliii<'s may be expected in tie' (df>j)ring. 1 he mai\ner of |>erforming the operation of cross |iiii{)regm\tion will not be described at present; ])ut on In future occasion it will probably be made the sub- [i vt of some r-'inarks. The other mod.e <.f producing new and valuable va^ |rl,."tie8 of raspberries suited to the i-eculiarities and p. 'wssities of our climate, namely: by jdantin"- seed vhirh lia- not b'cn subjected to artificial fertilization. nl^ ) ].romises favorable results. The seed s(d"ct«'d l^'v'uld he of the finest sorts, such as the True RimI Aiitw. rj^ V.dlow Antwerp, Francoiiia, Fast-lf, .ind iKiawcti ^ (liaut, whitdi are all of f .reign origin, and [• manatt from a spe^des that has been under eultiva- taon, in Europe, for many centuries. Seedlings from thoao varieties, like the progeny of many auimalij ami VOL. i~a. vegetables whi(di, fbr a series (d' LT-'aeratioiis. have been plaerd umler the nudioratinii; iidhiences of arti fieial culture, will be f)und to varw in scvtM'a.l to- spects, from the parc-nt. It is iniporttint tint no])ro- tection sliould Vm' L:;\cn to the plants raised fVomseofl; they >li tuM b-' suhj''otllowingyear. This will more certainly be the case, if the seed be planted in a pot or box and placed in a w:irm room with a southern exposure, in Tebruarv or March. bci umi--> laiM -1 iroiii foreign varieties will olten be f )und to sport eonsidcrahly in f diage, and in the f)rm and color id' the berry. From the seed of tho Fast(df, a crimson vari».dy, I have raised plants, some of which bear light cream-cedored, some straw-colored and some crimson fruit. IVom a seed of Pvack',-? seedling, anoth'-r crijuson vari(>ty, originated the orange raspl.erry, the fruit of which is neither red nor yclh)w, but of a bright orange c(dor. From seed of the Col. Wilder, a cream-colored varietv, and a seedling of the Fastidf, 1 have raised a num})er of plants, the fruit of some <»f which is red, and of other,-? y(dlow of dilfereiit shades. Having artificially fertil- ized a blos<(.m of the Fastolf with pollen fn.ni tho Yellow Antwerp, all of the seed contained in tho berry formed l»y this operation were planted. Manj of them vegetated ; but so tender were most of tho l)lants, that all save one perished. The survivor, (named the Froncli as a compliment to my highly valued friend the Hon. B. V. French, of Massachu- setts,) betirs a crimson fruit and seems to possess more constitutional hardiness tlmn either of its pa- rents. One object in making the preceding croj^a betweiMi a red and a yellow IVuited variety was to as- certain whether the fruit of the offspring wcaild pre- serve the separate color of one or the other parent, or consist (>f a blending of the two. rhihuhlphia, .¥/y 20, l.soL COMTAUATIVE COST OF SWORDS AVn PLOrcn^rT ARES.— - It is estimated that the agricultural lahor (>0,(H)0 that is XolKHMRi niore than for all her g-ddeu har- vests". TirR prospect of a bountiful harvest was norer more llattering than now. From every section of th^ 3t^to wc have the most cheering accounti. 82 IfORTICT^LTT'nATv. [June, |isr>l.] TIORTICITLTURAL. S3 Transplanting Pear Trees. Mr. Editor: — Aa you have oxprcsacd adcsirn that farmers hIiouIcI communicate fticts for your .Jourruil, I herewith offer one, which tliough familiar to some of your readers, may be new and valuable to others. I have frequently heard persons coiuphuii ui" iiu;ir repeated failures in transplanting!; fruit and otlicr trees, but especially tlic pear tree. Ilavino; ;it various times had occasion to transplant scvcrul fiiio youn;»; pear trees, and knowing Imw repeatedly otiier.s h;ul met ^vitll ill luck, 1 amis induced before att( injitin^ tlio first one, to take counsel from a fri'-nd (whose BucccsH wan almost certain,) as to tiie plan to be pur- sued. His advijith and dlamet(?r de- pfMidln;^ uj)i)n the nizo of (lie tree. The earth in the bottom of the hole was well loosened to the deyith of four or five inches ; Avhil*' that taken from it was thoroughly pulverized, and when occasion recpiircd it, enriched with manure. The next thin<^ to l.)e ado. Some of our most distinguished horticultu- rists recommend the plunging of the roots into a pu(l- dlo of thin clay or mud, but my experience as well as judgment, advise a different course. One of the es- sential requisites to success in transplanting is, that the delicate fibres of the roots be so arranged as to take up nourislmient from as large an amount of Boil as possible. This can be done only, liy squirai- rnj them. Plunging them into a puiddle of clay or mud has the effect of causing them to cUn<; closely lo- gefJicr, and thus dofi\ats the very object it is intended to promote. If a bucket of water is poured in after the roots aro covered with soil, the same end to be accomplished by puddling will be secured, with this difforenco ia favor of the former plan, that the fibres rtBT's^tfjifm' "w^^w^ -M 'w of t]i(^ roots will be separated instead of adkermy to each other in masses. After filling the h(de, the soil should not be pressed in too tightly, hut a few days given it to set- tle, and if occasion reijuires it, mon; soil may be add'Ml from time lo lime so as to kee[) the surface oven with the gn.und aroinid it. l»y pursuing this simple plan, and takin'j sppml care to have I he trcc.^ placed in their new position irith particuliir reference to the /itarhs on the tnirk, 1 havo been uniformly successful in transplanting. SeVvaui of my friends hav(^ tri(;d it with the same success ; and I am firmly impressed with the ]>elief that if this system were generally adopted, th(!re would b> fewer failures in this important d(;partment of ih.r- ticulture. I will merely add tliat I liave always S(dected tl.'^ middle of April as the time for transj)Ianting, thnii-h Autumn Avould perhay»s prnv(^ eipuilly propitious. I have also been careful in selecting, when j>raeti( ahl. . a dry situation, with a i^o.jd Inam soil, finding- It h» -r adapted to the pear tree. AOKICOLA. New Holland, Pa., 3f,nj 24, LSol. Destruction of Hirds »:w Increase of \()xi<,us In.vects. Mn. KniTOR:— It is a wlU known fact tiiat thirty years ago, our apples were, as a general thing, me-ro sound and i)erfect than now — our pea.di trees sulfen-d less from d.'struetive insects— -the ravages of tic mr- culio Avere scarcely w^orth mentioning, while manyef the injuries novr inflicted upon our fruit and fori^'^t trees were almost unknown to the farmer. It is an equally ^^ ell established fact tliat thirty years aL'^ thousands of inserii\,,rous birds wen; ti/be found mi our farms, wIktc scarcely a .single one is now to U seen. Kvery tree and bush was alive with th.ir presence and the whole country made vocal with their delightful warblings. Now, compare these two facts, and what is the legitimate inference to le drawn from them. Why, that the increase of noxioii." insects lias been in an exact ratio with th.> decrea,tween the first of | riiihidelphia May 'JOth, 1851. The President in tho ' , , , /. . c ,\\ I • .1. . . .M..1 nf U-diair. 1 he May mi'etmgs of tho Society arc usuallv a>>im1 ni\i] fhe first of ()ctol)er. IS made a i-'iial Ot- , ^ ,l • • - *^ iiiinjr Apiil ana rnc nisi oi wcioot i, in u • , i ' among the most attractive occuring at a season so far irUQ'^ AVhy is not this law enforced against the hizy ^.i^.^^red as to pnMdude all danger by sudden atnios- itifu and bo\s V. ho may b<' ^ron daily in pursuit of pheric (dianges to green houwe plants. Proprietors the hirds? 1 n<^\^n^ in-et one of tlcse straggling therefore p<'rmit their ehoice.^t^spec-imens to be sent . t X /• 1- . 1 • i:,. I f .r;,-.. I,;.,; m ^*'i' ^^^^ gratification cd" members and visiters, who 1 .fits without fcfdm^ stronirlv incliiUMl tognehima p . i "y* J uis wan ,^ ,^ , ^ tnrong the Hall and enioy the sc(Mie with unmiU'dc^l r; M,.l drubbing. What a triumph it must be to them | ^\^.\],^\,^ (),^ ^],i^ occaMon many embraced the oppor- ( ) kill a harmless little wood-rohin or fielddark ! No j tunity who assureilly must have been pleased, hav- man possessed of a single spark (if humanity would \ ing sj>reao,i ii.w.oo I a great variety of l)eautiful II (werinir r»lants, ;uid cul' H'ouityo ( oing it, wdiile no one ran plead neces- . " . ii • c • or 7i . ''''"^^^•^ ' >- -^ ^ ' in' I'l'ii'y vegetables in profusion. Ot the former, Peter Fity a< an .\\cuse for bis barbarous conduct. One i m.^^.j^^^,,^},. exhibited a han.lsoine colle.-tion (d" Oalee- iuilf the time aid effort, (to say nothing of tic ex- pense of powd'-r, '^hot, and woar aiei t"ar of clothing-) if expended in almost any honest work would pay lar better. If, therefor.\ it cannot be a matter of profit, olarias, Fuchsias, Cinerarias, and a large specinn^n of Azalea, variegata, completely envelopi'd with its re- splendent flowers, an object of much tittraction. KoIh ert Buist, a collection d ^'"' ov>t.'< Tnio.l "iiist i tjj^^(> j^j^^ all were of the choicest h'n b- ^*- e Azale- 1>C :iM . mpty one, and his h-art a cold (Hie, who can as, new Oalce.daria-, and a number id' plants of re- lind . uh.T auuisement or sport in such an unmanly ^'^'''^ intr<.lu(-tion and now f u; the fir^t time broughfi I into notice — ietrathcca vorticillata, a ])retty dtdicato I^^'^'"*^^^^' _ ! ujiright plant with very narrow leaves in whorls ami 1 appeal to the farmers and friends of the liule ^w>,-ulean flo\ver'----('.'ntranthus micvosiph<.n, anotlicr birds in our own county as well as in every section of ^ V^ 'V^'^"'" hue— Henfiwa Seanden^, a climbing plant b'-aring (bisters ni whiie flowers — ij, tlie Avarfare atrainst harmless and u>erul birds. r; An t)LL) Farmf.h. Lawa^t-cr Co., Miiy 20, l>ril Kitchen Garden. Vwi. l-DiTOR: — Thouirb jr^rdenins? was tlu^ first I'rnf.^^ssion (tf which hi^-torv jiives an account, vet it fippears strange to us at the present day to see it so seedling Mimutus (d" marked colors and beautA% named "du[>iter," and Azalea <'oronata. Wo would remark here that both of the above collections wero in »t offered in competiiiim, but in a liberal manner furnislie(| {or tin.' gratitication of visitors. Joliii Lambert's garden-r, a, <'(dlection ci idaining fine Pe- largonia, ('iner:Lria', t\vo sj^ecimens of Rliofb'mb-on iiontleum in full bh>oin, etc. I5enj;nn!n (billiss and \\ illiam Hall each choic«; Hoses. A very laro-e ami f'eehly practised. At this p'Tio to keen ti" 'ground C('Vere(l and T)roperlv culti- 1 ^ ,, n -7 <». u cv i • ^ ' ^ 11. from the IVcsident s houses — strawberries of open vated. A succession of bush or siiop-short beims is , L-ulture from d. M. Tage, Burlington, N. J, Tho Lo- :'iT!. uuceagood cr(>psown as lateas the 4tli of dulv: soak ^^ , ., , , ,,., , . ^, . , y ,. ^ . ' . I Vegetabh's — ,h)hn Itiley, gardener at tlie Asylum t!iO seed 111 water a few hours before sowin- and i( f,,i, the Insm-, exhibited Cauliflowers which fbr e-reat the weather is dry, wat(T the drills. Never sow tur- ' ps on ground from wdiich a crop (»f cabl)age lias - njust taken or even one year previous. Plant size and luxuriance far sur|»assed any f )rmer occa- sion. Cucumbers of largo size were shown from tho houses of (leo. W. Carpenter, Gcrraantown; Samuel , P , .... C. Ford, Ce}>er, Henry (\»oper, J(din Uiley, William llobvSOU and AV illiam Hall. Asparagus (»f great w^^ight bj James M. Tago, Burlington. Forcearagus, f.»r th*} best twenty-four stalks, to .JaiiK's ^1. 'I'age. Potatnes, for th(^ best ten pMUiids, to Thoiuas Ityan, gardener to Calel> Copo. — For i\H) best and m(»st interesting display of v(igeta- Ides by a market gardener, to Antbony Felton, Jr. For the )>est and most inlcr^'sting display ]iy an am- ateur gardener, to John Callagh<'r, gardener to Miss Gratz. 'J'hi' Cnniniittt;e also iK.tieed a very fnie dis- pbiV of Caulillowcrs, bv Jno. Kih'V. ^rardener at th(^ Asylum fir the lnsnT)(\ f.r ^Nhieh they awarded a special riremiuiji of two dolhirs.* The Secre'tary reported tliat the seeds from the Botanic garden commission, Cape of Good ir(>]»e, S. Africa, hatl Im^.u received and woidd be distri|)ut<'d by the approju-iate Connnitlee. A vote of thanks was aeeorded to Fn.f S. S. Tbil- deman for the gift to the Society of a copy of his work on Latin Pronunciation for the use of ."^tuthnts of Botanv, Zoolo^rv, Sec. The circular reported by the e('niinitte(> df joianer by resolution of tlie society *' expressive (M>neiscly of tlio objects, advantages and rhiini uf tlio society'' was submitted in jiiinti'tl form fwr cireiilalinji. The eight gentlemen niminat»d :U l;i-t stated meeting, An* membership. wer>' dr.lv rl'rt.d. On motion, adjourned. 'i'lio. 1*. J a Mrs, Record in J iScci ttai -ij. ■^ Ml-. Iiil.y kindly p'-esen(cd us witli s<>v.'ral of these fin*' eauliflowers. which were served up in rare' .stvletiit^ iu>\t day by our frieml McKil.])'>u, of the Merchant's Uotel, 4ih street, Philadelphia, wher(\ in company witli several iViends, we partook of tiieni with nnnh satisfaetion. Some idea of their (pialitv and siz(> may 1m^ f )rmed from the fact that they sold rwidily in market at 75 cents each. — Kd. SCHEDULE OF PIVKMIFMS Offered hy the ]\niisyJviinia IlnrtirniUvral Sockty, r/iihuk'lphia, for the mniilh nf Juw. At the stated meeting (»n the ITth, at !>> o'clock, P. M. rr\KS.— For the best, six named varieties, 2 00 For th(> 2d best, do. ] oO J*i\K. — For the best American Seedling, 2 00 GiiArES. — For the best, o hunches, (.f a 1 •lack var. For the best, do. of a whit -Mar. Strawberries. — For the best, two quarts of a named vari(»tv, For the 2d bent, do. do. d(\ Cherries.— For the b(\st, three pounds of a named variety, • For the 2d best, do. do. do. The meetings of the society are held on Tuesd;iy CToning, by which arrangement persons who attend market in Philadelphia have an opportunity of com- [JuxF, ;> 00 :; 00 W 00 2 00 8 00 2 00 ii peting lor premiums, as well us of visiting the roum^ of the society. We are authorized to etate that th.j members of the society will be much gratilird tohavu them present on such occasions, either as competitors or spectators. Chester County lloiticultural Surlcly. The staled iic'eting for May was lield in the {[-^^i of the Society, in A\'est Chester, on the ITih instar.t. T. C. J^M.DUi.v, i'resld.-nt, in the chair. Premiums were awar(h'd as fojlows: For the best lO varieties of Pelargoniums ?1, to Pa.,- chall Morris k. Co. " the best ten varieties of Boscs in pots ?!, te P;i<- chall Morris k Co. " the best display of Apples, 3 varieties ?1, to Zilii Darlington. the best Lettuc(? $1, to Paschall Morris k Co. " " Asparagus J?], to J. G. Darlington. '' /' Bhubarl)^!, to Paschall Morris .t Ct. The disjilay of sjx'cinu'ns for the month was V'lv good. P.Morris c^. Co. (Lxhihited near one 11011^1,4 sp(^'imens of green luaiso plants, roses, evergreens, shrulis, k(\ Among their evergrei'us were some ^f the most T'^vc^ nnd ]u>MnfU'n1 •< Mviofiou The di-^rlnvcf ai>ples by i\Ir. D;irlingt(-n consisted of the pennink, romanite, greyhouse and huly finger, well pre>ervt'.i. A. Marshall k Co. exhibited S(nne strawberries, of the moMthly variety, rij>en<'d in the oj>en air. Joshua J roo{)es. cactus in full bloom. W. T. I'ainter, tulip?. l>r. A\ . D. llartman. chairman of the Committee on Insects, read a \iij int. resting report on the seven- {(M'li years' Locust, which was ordered to 1)0 publish- ed in the papers of tlie county, and the IVniisvlMu;'.* Farm Journal. TIk' ]>r(»ce«Mlings of th.e Society's mootino-s were di- rected titilanted in this section of country will amount to 9oO acres; which, allowing a yield equal to that (if hi>^ year's crop in Aimally, (being ten tons per acre.) tto will have an aggregate (piaritity of 0^00 tons, which of itself will go far toward supplying San Francisco market. In Sonoma, Napa, Suisun, Sus.'ol r.ud Patu- loma, there will be large crops planted. Poiucstic Ocpartiuciit. Female Industry, Accompllsliment and l>nty. Mr. EdiToU: — In eont.niplating woman, skillet] in the various arts of life, thoroughly accomi»lished and cuinplete in character, so constituted by her own ef- forts and acquirements, we feel there is sometliing to j^,]j,iir(> — something real and true and abiding — some- thing that will live, and last, when the fine comj>]ex- i <\\ has lost its rose-tint, the eye its glow, and the hair \\^ lustre. Fcniah^s of this ag<^ have not the same duties nor tlie en her eyes to the magnitude of her duties, and the strength (f inti'lh ct r<'i[ui>ite, to m-'f^t the demands of life, upon her highest capabilities. TlH.'re are a gr< at vari'-ty of methnds, in wdTudi fe- male talent and in«iustry may find ample scope. — The past fuTfiishes matiy brilliant illustrations, and we may point to many in the ])r(>sent who are luiihl- ing lUMnuments of lasting renown to female industry and etlbrt. But it is only by dint of application and persever- ence that great results are ever acei( formiMl, something undertaken, life will pass away with but the triiles of the hour, and no traee will be left that an active human being had ever live tie bestowiuent, use it as a priceless gift. Th(M-e is tin\e em. ugh, means enou.r),^ emplov tli'au. (b'uius was f )rmerly n-^eded to aid f »rward tie- great (^ar of necessity and labor, now there is ani- ]'h" room, and scoj.e, f.r all that the luimau mind has power to aecomj.llsh. It the time given to idleness, folly and extrava- gance, wore appropriated to literature, science, art, and the various departments of usefulness in domestic life and society, what a wreath of beauty would blos- som, v.le r-^ hang now but the dark w ithered leaves of the industrv of a finiu r age. AVealth sliould not exonerate, but give the more liesure for real, h^fty achievement, and suecewf,!] ,.(•_ fort, and a deeper rjid wide-spread iniluence througli the great channels of benevolence and education. — Whose lif^art ^vill not glow anplaus(^ of an ap[>ro\iHg world and the calm bright smile of Heaven. L. C A, Chilicnango, X. V. Mr. Editor. — As you have done me the honor to forward to my address the April Xo. of your Penn- sylvania Farm Journal, you will ]>erhaps alloAv me, while making my acknowledgments, to add a remark, and (»ffer a suggestion. Your -Jiairnal >\ ill no doubt be eminently useful, and I trii.-t al-o t niinently successful. Such a ])ubli- eation, wnieiy eirculaj'Mi, wiO give tti(.' tiard-working, industrious farmer. all the 111' nefits of svich experiments ' \ 11'. 1 -c ^ • 1 1 111 :'i^d improvetiionts, as airriculiurisi.s (»f nuviiis and !!i'l. and cliaraeter, ;iiel it oeeupu.^l as she should ; ' ■ lei«^ur<», may make and adopt. The great majority of the tillers of the ground are necessarily short of school learning. F<»r in-taner. a m.-.n goes into a new sec- tion of country and commences farming, His means art' small, anmall ()p|)ortunities for scientific research, and generallv do as their fathers did before them. Such a publication as your Jour- nal will be especially useful to this large class (»f men, as 1 bfdbrt^ observed, and 1 trust that it will bo widelv Tiatronizetl bv the firming connnunitv. P)ut — while there are so many eiforts made for tho benel'ul inventions made, f »r the s]>eedier and easier performance of his labor; so mu(h said and printed for his especial benefit; why is it that so little is said and done for the benefit of tho firm-r's wife, and the insi(l(; cnablintj: the housewife to produee a l)etter article, with a toJisid- crablc saving of material. Tlure are many, very many women, (ladies if you please,) in Pennsylvania wlio are cai)ubl(3 of ^ivin;;' smli in>trurtiun; ma.ny who, in passing- thr(iuw;b the trials of pinneer life, li<;liti d upon improvements, and made little inven- tions, wlileh not only tendt.-d to li;j;ht('n their burden then, but have conduced larrn <.(" their discover- ies, if they had a medium tlirou;zh which to eommu- nieatc. Kow, Mr. Edit(jr, suppose you p^ontlemen, just for once, forego your jealou>Iy {guarded j.rerogative of doing all the talking, and an me wrunii;, ano ^^iw up a page or so of tln^ Farm Journal to our use, as a Domestic DErAUTMKNi, and invito the "wise women '^ to contribute of their inlcllcctual ^^ral'lh? All the benefits, you know, would ultimately accrue to your- selves, in the increase of your wealth and home com- forts. And then you might allow us to aid eacdi other in the managem* nt and education pondent at that ])lace: *' A\'e have just organized an Agricultural Society. Our success verv far exeesent to juiiti, •- pate — men of energy Jind character — and we l:;i\ . starte(l under circumstances that larger couniic^ miirht well envv. J^rcsident — Samtel II inter. Vice Presidoifs — ,Jos. K. Priestly, James Camerin. Cieorge C. AV^elk(T, Wm. H. Kipp, Jacob Seesbulu>^, Sanuiid John, John iMontgomery. JiCcordiiKj Srcrc/cri/ — A\'m. J. OrcH'nough. C<>nr.s})(>/i(Ii/if/ Seen far//— I'^iwld Taggart. T reasiircr — Wm. \j. Dewart. JAhrarian — A\'m. McTiirtv. Miiii;iin i'cji|icn, and live uliiijrt<, whose namc^s I have forgotten. AVe will trv to nnike Xoi'thumlxMdiind furnish her one hundred subseriljers to the Farm Journal.'' Lancaster ( uunl} Agricultural Socictv. Mr. EniToR :— I attended a special meeting of th? Lanenstf^r Countv Society on the 10th of Mav, and was much pleased with the sjtirit wlnidi cli;n-it terized the ]u*oe''tv sliouM ii' 'v kingdom whi cli IS w or! ii dissemimitin r^' If ,.-.., „ . : I ]>^it Ibrth a sjx'cial effort to seiaire not T)nlv a full at- 11 was acci- , , . i , , > *i . , . , I tciutance at the mectui^s, hut to render tuese nuM't- dental like all important discoveries. 1 gave a sick i,^,,, profitable and inliuontial. Almost every countv ( iiild ;-o]iii> hvacinths to amuse' himself with, mor(dv | in the Statt* is fornnior a Society Til S .!, le k^us(p].-iiai:- the iluvver stalks carelessly l.rokeii uif, and the next ' ";^^ Montgomery, lUicks, and other County Soci- v.-»r%rt^;«n. OM n.oAr i.,v wiiL^rinn- ,>ii ,>,a' i-.U,. T ^^i\.u} i ^^^'^ '^^<' makiuij: iircparatiims for holding tln^ir Aiiiiu- laorning, as iiu^v ia\ wiiiieiiu"' c>n \\\y laiui*. i lutieu , i-. , ., .,. ' ^ rm /^,, ., '^, . , - ,, ^' , , , , " . ^'? ", ,. * 111 Lxhibitions. I he diester Countv ilorticulturai them, as I do ull dro..].ing things, ami taking them i society holds its Semi-Annual Exhibition en-holder, holes in the earth of a \ coming month, and on every sid(> we b(diold evidiMi- pot in Avhich ])lants were growing, and iixed the ^es of progress on tin* ]>art of th.e farming connmnri- stalks in the dam], .^arth. After a f.>w hours they ^ Is'' ^^'l'*'''^'. ^^ j^^ineaster, the "(hirden Spot'' of , I . ,. 1 , ^ ,, , ,, I 1 ennsvhania — the agricultural centre of the State- revived, but a low days subsequent, a tor tu' b os- ' xi, >«n; *»,.; f ,. i ; i r. ♦ i * i i i i fi , ' .'1 the ilt>trict w Incn lor a conturv, almost, lias held tn*' BOms were withered, 1 drew them out U^ throw tli.m lirst plac(> in agricultural in.j-orta.ncf^ ? AVha.t is sh-.' away, and was surprised to find that iliey hail foinied ' ''>>g to help the great lefin-m that is going on bulbs at the bottom of the stems. Since then 1 hav.^ i llii'<'V^'^''>^il ^',''' >^i'.\Wt I am sorry to say, literallv repeated the e-xperiment. always with success. Thev invariably wilt at first, aiel soiaotinies dn not straii!:ht- en themselves up, until the seventh or eighth da}-. I have not tried any other flower, but Intend this sum- mer to make the experiment y iili tulips. Any ladv may, in this manner, rear hyacinths from a withered boquet. Lvi^iAJAXK Pilksux. Liberty, Fa., May 15, 1851. w t wo OxE cow well fed will ])e of more profit tha; kept on the same fodder. This will also applv to other stuck. One ton of hay cut when the grass begins to blos- Bom will produce as much milk as two tons cut when tlie seed is ripe. nothing. A few noble, perst^vcring men, are straii ing every ]>oint to wake up her farnn?rs to a y\-'- s(*nse of the im]tortani'c (>r n.Ktvinu: ener""etica!lv an taken as a criterion) i** any thing but cheering, yet those who havt^ porso- vered thus far should not'despair. 'i'hero is a bett^^r day eoming, although athetio spirit will give ^\.1y to energetic action — when our farmers will feel the inijtortance of the })osition they occupy, and with a hearty good will. eiiira"^c in i»laC' ing our noble county in her true positioi?. " A Member. May 25, 1851. Cook 5Coticc5. Elemcnh of Lafin Prnmuvinfion, for the u^c of sfu- dnifs inLawjiuvjc, Lntr, Mcdicinf, Zoolojjy, Rddny, aii'J the srirnrrs qrwraU'i in u'lii<'h L'ffiii ivords are ti-st'd, by S. S. Ifaldeman, A. M., Professor of Na- tural iiistory in the Lniversity of Pa. Phllad. Lippincott, Grambo & Co. l«5l. Svo. ]yp. 7G. It is somewhat singular that among the nam >rou^ works deveited to Latin instruction whi(di are ])iiblish- cd every year, the im})ortaut subject ^A^ prou'iiu'iafirni should have been negbvted to such an extent that this i- th" first American bocdv upon the subject. Tie.' a.^sertion of John Walker, that the pronuncia- tion of li.itin cannot 1)0 ascertained, is still btdieved ly manv, although tin* subjeet has been fully dis- cussed bv th' an-.-ient grammarians; and u}»wards of fifty ancient autiiors have thrown light upon v;i- riju-! p('in 8. For example, tln^ ancients a-si-rt that C and K have the 5^^//' power, and that A II have a J>v«6/t' sound, so that tie' first s\ llaliles of the Oerman Kaidcr and leid, and their originals, the Latin Cajsar and Liodo, are id-nlical. 'I'he Portuguese retain the Oi'iginal sound of ,'v. :i:id a> th"y were the first to write manv naiii's of nnn-itime cities, i^'t\, W(^ are thereby made acquainted with the m')de of ja-onoun- cing vrords like Shawjluie (shang-high.) We observe a few typographical errors, such as a dla^resi^ mirk in th" miroloyy ; or, Chemistry a/r/jlicd to Af/ririf/farc. By J. P. Poussinganlt. New York. J)'. A].)d "ton iV To. ISoO. 12mo. pp. o07. The author (»f" thi^ volume is a mv-mbor of tho Treiu h Institute, and well known as a man of great scientific research. The work is extensive, and is devoted t(» those bramdies of rural econtnuy Avhi(di can be illustratfMl with the aid (d'the physical sciences. It consecpKMitly tr'Mts iA' the composition of vegetables and soils, the nature and a]>[»licability of the various kinds of mineral and organic manures, the theory of the rotation of cropis, the maintemmce of live stock, and tlie bearings of ineteondogy, or the general effects of temperature and atmospheric agents. The valua- ble researches of Mr. Poucherie on the preservation of tnnberare detailiMl in it. A\'e have been fivored Avith a copy of the abovo works by Messrs. Jones iSc Co., Booksellers, 4th and Pace streets, Philadelphia. I he Ctnn i)t{_ir. riuiicr una unnnn'r. i)y i nonuij* CJ. Fessenden, ^'cw York: C. ^1. Saxtou. 1^-31. pp. (>o'>. This thick Volume of six hundrod iuid fif'ty j'a.gej, is made uj) of two works b .un 1 t"gother, th'- o!io devoted to firminT. and th-- oile-r to i^ar-c'iiing. This is the icntii edition im}>roved and enlarge'"Uu.1 prnvs l,.,tli t!,.' hi-li .Miniatinii in xvliich tcudod us .u. •uaiiali.,,, .,f Vir-ilV (ir.t lin,., the tl.ir.l """■'<■ '".'"'^■^ ^n- h.M, ;u,.l t!,. rxi-„t to »lu,l, a de- „. 1 r i.1 1 1 111 \ / / w. ,,. I ,, / sire f )r iiif >rmation from reliable souree-^, has spn>ad and lourtli Words sliaild have bi'-'ii f/'vo^r and .sv/^/. ... ,, o .^^ ^ • • 1 r 4. 1 , „. i.;i J ,,-., amoiiL:; the communitv of cultivators. The latter faet oomo new |)rincip!es ol etvmology are hml erry, rath'r than to hvacinthus, to which the dictionaries rcf r it. i*ar'>nts int(Tested in the fju'\crsi>nal ohserralion. IJy Henry Colman. Peston, Is is. Arthur P. Phelps. 8vo. pp. 30 1. ** In regard to any agricultural operation, or crop, ' dome.>tie corrc^spondence, — also of a diidionary of '^ improvement, the most full, exjdicit, and practical I art, embracing biographical notices of artists, ancient direcii-ns are given, and every i)eculi;ir feature and mo'dern, American and fu-eign, living and dea^l, brought prominently f>rward. >bniy things are omitted because they are of doubtful utility, or of uncertain authority. His great object has been, not to publish theories, but to state facts ; and the deter- mined results of enlightened, exact, and conclusive experiments." — Author's preface. tecluiical term^ of art ami scdence, t^c. Ea(di Bulle- tin is also to be illustrated by several original en- <'rLivini]:s, outlines, and iirints of an interestini: cliar- acter. The whole will form, annually, a beautiful and useful quarto volume, for amusement, instruction and reference. 88 MERINO SEEEP. ^imrnvMn^rtmi 'r.mntvmmmtmeiKmum'm'mH (.TlXK, IS.";! EDITORIAL. 80 iUciuio l3l)cc}j. r'T"'"»^w'ii.aw^ Spanish Merino. — " Thr liiNtory of tliis c.>l(>})ra- ied race of elioep, ho far as it is kiK.wn, has so oft- en been ])rou^lit lieforo (!h' puMic that it in deemed urmecessarv here to rccamtulato it. Tii(.» first impor- tation of them into tlio l'nit«.'(l States took }. lace in 1801. Four were shipped |)y ^fr. Illrssort, a bank- er of Paris, three of which ].orishcd on the ])assa;^e. The fourth arrived in safety at KoseTKhilo, a iariii owned l)y that a- chusotts, imported a pair from Fraia-e. In 1S(I2, two jiairs W(u-e sent from France ])y Mr. Livl?in;stoni the Americiui .Minister, to his estate on the Ilud^^on; and hiter the same year, Mr. llum])hrys, our S[>uii- isli ^linlstcr, sliij)ped two hundred, on his departure from that country, for the Fnlted Stutes.^^ Hon. A\illi;im Jarvis, of Weathersiield, A'erniont, then American Consul at LiH])on, Rent liomo hirfre and valnal)h' ilocks in 1801), 1810, and isll. The pur- ticuhirly favorable circum^tanecs for (>btainin<»' the choicest sheep of Spain, und<'r v, hieh lhe.-,(' weix} procun>d, y,,u will lind detailed in a leltr-r to mo from Mr. Jarvis, dated December, 1841. published in the Transactions of the New-York State A^n-irultu- ral Society of that year. Various suljs<'(jnent ijiipor- tations took place, which it is not imporlani to par- ticukirizc. The Merinos "attract(Ml little notice, until our dlf- fieulth'S with England led to a cessation (»f eomunr- cial intercourst; with that power, in ISdS and ISdD. The attention of the country beino; then directed .toward manufacturing a»d wool-growin;^;, the iMeriiio rose into importance. So gn^at, indexed, was the in- terest excited, that from a thousand U) fourteen hun- dred dollars a head was paid for them.'' Unfortu- nately bome of the latter importations "arrived in ri«a» MKRINO RAM. [n fiance, 17 months old, bred by and property of Henry S. Randall.] the wor-i eonduion, brino-innr with them those scour- ges oi Uie oMue race, thg seab and foot-rot. These evils and the mcreased sup]dv, soon br,Miu-ht them down to less than a twentieth part ef th.'i7 f-rmer price; they could now be bou^^ht for S20 a hwad — AVhen, however, it was established, by actual experi- ment, that their wool did nvi deteriorate as ind been feared by many, in this countrv, and that they became readdy acclimated, they a-ain rose into fl vor. Ibitthe i>rostration of our "ma'uufaetori.^^ ^vhich fioon after ensued, rendere.l the .M.-riuo comparative- ly ot Imle ^aIue, and bn.uKia ruin to nund)ers who had purchased them at iheir ].rcvious hl'di prices — The rise which has since taken place in The value of line wool, as well as the causes which led to it -u-e too recent and well understood in rccpiire particu- lar notice. A\ nh the rise of wool, tlu' value of the .heep winch bears it has of course kept pace. ^ ll^P Merino ha^ boon vari<,usly described. This arises from the fact that it is but the general appella- tion of a breed, comprisino; several varieties present- ing essential point of difference in size form m il v and quantity of wool/' .ind writers of ^h ^. |ity differ even in tlieir descriptions of thes.> hnnili-'S •T ^arletles. M. Last.yrie, so ceh^brated a. a MrifT -nshcHp and partieularly on the MeriiiM.nd Mr. Jervis directly contradict each oil,..,. ,,n several pomts. _ It IS scarcely necessary now to ount,. their eonthctui,-statem(>nts. or inquire ;vlii(h is ri.-lit— 'H the .piestions involved possess no praetieal "'impor- anee he families have, -enerallv, be.n me,4j, by interbreedino; m the United S'tates and oUut counrH>swneh have received the race from Spain. Vunty oiMuun. blood, and an.{M'rly bred Ilocks— somewhat in- clined to Ihroa/ints.^, imt not so much so as the Kam- bouilh'ts— ])red to exhibit exti'rnal concrete gum in pome Ilocks, but not commonly so— their wool long- ishon both back and bolly, an-ool whiter within than the llambouillets-— skiii the same rich ro..-,-ctdor. The ram is a good specinuMU.f this variety, though his age is not suilicient to gi\c him th'^ substance and compactness of an older ani- mal, and the apparent want in these ]iarticulars is highLeu<;l by recent shearing. His lirst fleec*.' of well-wa-h'^d "wool, at thirteen montlis old, was 8 lbs.; was of beaiillful ((uality, and entirely destitute of hair. At three years old he would have shearcMl from In to li: l])s. of well-washed wool. — luuidairs Shtrp Jlifsbaiulri/. ()i K ti:rms--ki:ai) tiil:m. In oi- ler that the Farm Journal may be jihuvd within the reach aper- in a tlul) should be sent to oneoffice. "We will mail them (in ^vrap- pers,) to as mniy different (jiliees as may be necessa- ry. We make this arrangement in order that jmtsous residing in diH'erent neigli)(orhoov law, authorised to remit suli- Pcri]»tion m iiev to the pu].>li>her, J rvi- <>t imsfii'jc. — ■ P,iri:eni;ir altention is asked t(j this faet, as it will save expi'nse both to subscrilicrs and publisher. Our 'ferms are cash in advance. ^1 he exceedingly h'V,' rate at which the Journal is furnished renders this imperati\e. Subscriptions may be sent at our ri>k. and money at par where subsscribers resid(\ will b" taken. A\'h»M-e the sum to be sent is large we jtrt^- I'er that a draft should be ]trocured, if possible. Subscrilter^ and Post Masters are invited to act as Agents. A reeeipt will always be sent with the first number of the e«'pv sub-crihe.l f..r. All letters must be addressed, p<»f jxdd, t/i.s/int in. Prnnsi/t- Viiiua as essenti'd t<> the pro/wr rxjuKsition of /ht' prin- ci jilts "f (h/ri('utture as 2^>'r<' <>J' the plan ofthr '' Prnn- sijh'iinii! Farm Journal,'^ j>ul>lish,il m thf rihj of' Lan- caster, by A. M. S}» infer and edited /-// l'r, O^V ^S\\> reixious bordering and (Cv .'rlapping ) it is inijxu'tant that the re^rii.ns over wliieli it (^^teiuU should Ije noted, that they may be marked upon a map, and thus presented at a .-inglo view. Wo therefore iw- ([uest all editors to aid in collecting information upon the su])ject. Maps should b'- constructed f >r eaeh vt^ir in which these inserts ai'p'ai", because a- tliev ave likely t*,> emigrate, or to bo driven by storms bey>i:ei th^'ir lor- luer limits eaeli time that they appear, they must linally cover the whole country likt; the other specie^, wliieh, thon-h they appear every year, are in all }.ro- liabilltv sevent»'en vears in ci'iniog t'» matuniy. Mi^-s M. A. Morris has discovered that tlie larva of the insect in question does not penetrate the soil to a great depth, but attaches itself permanently to the roots of trees, iMiclosed in a kind of cocoou made of elay. Sln^ made the discovery by examining the roots of some peach trees whieb were in an unb'nilthy condition, when ^lie found the larvae as described, with the rostrum piercing the bark (d' the tree, and thus withdrawing its juices. We regret that in our last number, it was uninten- tionally forgotten to credit the articles on the Dorh- inp Fou'/.s', as well a.s the Devon Ox, to their projter sources. 'I'lir^ first was from " Bi"oN\n*s Ame- rican i*oultry Yard," and the latter ir<'U\ \ouatttt Martin's celebrated work on Cattle. Both (d* those l)ooks are published by Mr. C. M. Saxton, 12o Fulton street, New York, to wiioin we are iiide'bte(l for the cuts and other fa\ors. In our notice of the new mechil cd' the Pennsylva- nia Horticultural Society, in our last num])er, it wa« forgotten to state, that it was a gift to the Society, by tlie President, Caleb Cope, Esq., and that the cobt of preparing it waa several hundred dollars. .-,■. ■■■•'** 1 90 EDITORIAL .1 ■«i'nwnpv»-i>n ,:■««■< Ackiiowled^meiits. To the following gentlemen we arc indebted for liandsomc cluh lists. B. S. llussell, Towanda, Brad- ford CO., ihrcc line lists ; Daniel Yoder, Manatauiioy, Berks co.; James Gowen, Mt. Airy, I'liiladelphia co.; Dr. J. K. Eshlcman, Downingtown, Chester co.; Sol- omon Landis, Ilarrisburg; Hon. L. Kidder, Wllkes- barre; Henry lleigart, AVilliamsburg, Bhiir co.; Dr. John P. Tagji;art, Bloomsburg, Colmnljia eo.; Benja- min Hood, Willistoun, Chester co.; Geo. II. Bueher, Hogcstown, Cuinl.filainl co., two lists; AHVcmI Tay- lor, on bch:i]f of {\w Horticultural S)c-i('ty (.f West riiiladelphia : l'as( hall Morris ^<;: Co., W(\st Chester confer a favor by giving the procccdin-^s an insertion, and calling attention to them. 1--1.1 EDITOKTAL. 91 rilOCEEDIXCS. Agreealdy to a series of resolutions ]):!<< -d recently by the J*]iihidc!})l)ia Society for Promoting Agricul- ture, proj.osing a ploughing match between tins and several neighboring counties of the State, a meetinff was hoM y<\'4(^rday movjiing, at the room of the Plif- ladolpliia^ Society, to make preparations ^^a' the ob- ject ill view, 'f li(> following genth'nieii \vci-c ].r'>s(-Tit as delegates, to wit: 'JMion'ias AVarner and William Stav(>ly, (d'lbicks county; Ibm. A. L. Hayes, Jacob 1 . Herr, anri:;(\ Ch('st,>rco.; N. I'.Brow-er, I ^^ j'li'^i'^^' '^obn Lardner, and Owen Sheridiui of riiiladelphla ; .Joseph Kcllcv, Sprmv Hill, Juniata | ^*^|.\';^'^''ll''';ii ^'o^n^ty. CO.; Isaac Markley, Norrish.wo ; Ha.id Taggart, | n,^;:^^:^Ha"^ ^^.^^^^^ Northumberlaiui, iwo lists; iVo^^, (ho. Cham]»erH, | It wa^ resolved that each county partlcipatini- in Chambcrsburg ; \\ 15. Mingle, Philadelpliia ; d,;hn ' ^^''- projinsed contest, shall be atlibertvto select surh E. Shaffer, Elizabeth. .Ml-h-nv co.; .1 ( V)over, 1 ^^'V'-^'^Nr.J^'^'''!^''"/''" '^ ''''^•^' ^^'^^^^^ Shepherd^to,^-,,, Pun, ,orland o„,; Sa,,,.,-! Shearer, \ ,,1.,„.,„, .very wl„.,v. ,„ ...nd their ^e^ ^e'tSv; .h.^hl, lweau*(Ml in ])remiums. 1'he judges of the contest are to 1m> em|H)wered t-^ make the rules ami nM^nilations for its decision anr the future regularly on the first of the month, wo have been compelled to defer several communications received too late for insertion in the present number. ^wrtrmn0L'7sw^mr:i»* l»f3NsonVs I)e(»(h»rizer wraw yyi*/^*— w^m gaged our ait-'otion a< the pro])er iie|uiry for an \ ^ ]^,horts Esd ^\I11 ph'a>e aeeept our thanks ' Agrh-ultural --eiety. A. S. ivoherts, i^^5([. nmii i i ^y^^ uroceais, or the materials used, we were appro- foracopy oftb^ report of -tiic Committee appointearts of it. deteriorat<> the fertili/ing properties of the suljstances acted <.)n. A (dose and t-areful exiimination, howcv(^r, satl.-lied. Brol". Hoye that the fertilizing ]trinci}des of bis chem- ical manure are not imjiaired, and that he can, by the pr(»per application o{' the materials used, disinfect or dvMHlori-e f.-.-al and (•ifensive substances. AV(i under^talld from Mr. K., one of the committee, that since the publication of the report, ex]'<'rimenta • Th(^ disinfection of eess-pools and the purification ' have been made on the farm of James down, Lsrp, of the atmosphere affected thereby, have b)ng engaged | .^^ y^^ ^.\-,i.v, tu dc-oderi/e in the presenc<' (d* one of the attention of the scientific ; while the <'*'*>";";^n-al : ^,^^^ ^.^^^^^^^^-^'^^^^^ the contents of an old cess-p,.ol, and M'u.llcition of the feeal and other matters ol larire , • , , .• ^ ^ i. ;;;!:', is'. tl'rin.ary in.p.Ttanee, ospeeially t„ a ,•.„,.- H-t the rcult was l„,ldy satisfactory. It n.uam munitv like ours, surrounded by an ttgrlcultural now to be Stn-n wdiether its value as a fertilizer will coaiitrv, the soil (.f which re(iuires constant repleii- \^^ k'ssen-'d. The use of quick lime will destroy the i.^iiing'to sustain its productive powers offensiven.^ss of night soil,'but has the etVecl i. drive off ill the city of Pans more successful modes have . -^ .' . .^ , ,. p,,n adopted than (dsewbere ; and the result is high- tlie ammonia, and hence impairs its value i.>r manui- ly promotive of cleanliness and health, ^yllHe the ing purpo^e^. AVhether by Mr. IVysson's ni. tliod, iirolit is represented a« )w'in"- very lar^'e. ^fhi^ may i \\y.- .iw>; -"Uy Avill be obvia^"'^ "^^''^ ^^••••H h';)>-M :tf ^onie sul)stMpient }M'riod, frt)m Mr. Cov.in, who has proin- protit IS represe readily be admitted, when, according to_ Lieing, ]).aupsey, and otliers, the nitrogen n^sulting from unv amount of po])nl:ition is erpial to the supply re- (pured for two ])nunds of brtnid ])er diem for every one of its members; and the total manuring matter, solid anil li.pild, produced in a town are, as compu- ted by (i. l>. Dempsey, C. E., ecpuU in weight to one ton amuially for each inhal-itant. ised us the lesultas so"n as ascertained. Mr. lb i]>erts, appro])riately remarks, that the quan- tity (d' vabmble manure that is annually "cast into the st'a" is immeii>e, and if lait a lithe of it were saved, we might well dispense with the importation of (iuano — that a concentrated manure more ap{)li- In bondon, the subject of seworag^, drainage and c;^],},. to g(Mieral purposes than Guano might be pro- (.1' ailing (»f cess-pools is engaging increased attention, ; pared, and cheaply too, wherever a dens" po])ulation exists, 1 lane not tlu^ remotest dou'ot, and Impe a [)ractical d-niiaiotration will souii be made. aiiU \ai-inus means have ]>ec-n pro])osed to the Metro- politan Commission of Sussex ior cdhcting and ap- plying to the im|>rovement of thi* sod and tli" vast amount of animal and vegetable substances that is Constantly drained into the river 'riiames. The i(\iloiisv and c.ire with whicli niglit soil is hus- XcwlantPs Mammoth Alpine Strawherrv. AVe are indeltted to Mr. Newland's agent in Phila- delphia. Mr. T. W. Phelps, X. K. corner of Third and bainlcd throughout almost the wli!i the c. ilhution of f"rtill/,lng snbstanc(^s in l*aris, tliat nothing: cap;ible, through the agency < sutl'.red to waste, 'fhe abattoirs, or pu]»lic slaughter h.aises of that city, contribute largely to the preservation (f bej^lth, econi-mv and iv,mfort of the inhahitant-; our pul.lic authorities wouhl do w-
wn and v:llag«> in the State and elsewhere, f>r in a'lditi' e.,mes highly important. Mr. Peysaon's method of disinfecting any, th' plants b.-in,-- haivly, and })roducing i»erfcct fruit -t alone, or fertiii-cd by other varieties. A\'ith proper en!ti\ation (for which printed directions will be given ) the plants will l)(>eome large hills in one season, and (M»nlinue bearing three or four years without bein;;- ic-.^et. — The seas(ai (d' l.^ll» in 'the city of Providence, (me plant, one year (dd, ])roroduc(Ml Li'o b-rries. Some of the iVnii ha.-^ iica.-iured three inchcii in cir- (aimbu-ence," AVe have jdacctl th(^ plants in good bands and ex- pect to be ah-le to present our readi^rswith ;i good account (d' tlicm at some futur(- day. As many |>er- sons think tln^ season too far advanced to set o;if the plants, we w ill state that they hav(^ Ix^en purposely retarded for late seituKj, and that they have ])een set out with great success even in the month of June. We shall take pleasure in forwarding any orders to the agent for these plants. 92 EDITORIAL, ^.TI•^^^! IS'l.] ADVERTISEMENTS. 03 Choasjjale's Seed Dkill and Bkoadcast Sower. — Since our last, we have had an opportunity of examin- ing tliiH useful iiii})lf'in('nt, ari!] (.•lioerfuHv commcn.l it to the attention i>l' the laniiiijo- c(.iiimuniij. Sim- ple in construction, yet accurate in its work, and at tlie same time furnished at a j.rico which places it TS'ithin the reach of every farnirr, we cannot but think that it will become the favorite drill for farnicrs. For the benefit of our ].;uica>t(.r Tuunty rcailL'r.-:^, we stat<3 that one of these drills nuiy be sern for a ehoi-t time at llublev's Swan ll(»trl, Lancaster Citv, where Mr. Carr is in attendance to ;i;ive all necessarv mfoT'iiiation in rc^^'ard to it. The annexed certificate from a praetical farmer in our immediate vicinity, will be read with interest in connection with the advertisement to be found on the second page of tlic cover uf this numljcr, to which wo ea1l atf.'utioii. I certify that I used Croasdal-'s Patent Seed Drill and broadeast Sower in pniiiii.r \n iiart of niv wheat crop last fall. « i . It was put two drills in oanc op<>ra- tion, (seeding and ])lowin- at the same lime) in the most Ratisfactory mann(>r. Where known it must come into g(»noraI use — in my judgment it sur])asse8 all other drills, because it can bo attached to any plow and used wherevor a plow will work; it puts the seed in one drill of any width you choose to i-low or two drills in each fur- row, or it will spreaur Cuts, . - - Structure of the Jlorse, . . _ ('hina and Bi-(>nien (jieese, - - - ^lerino Sheep, - - - _ - 87 88 89 1)0 90 91 92 92 G5-GG i / 79 88 K. IJUIST, NURSERYMAN &. SEED GROWER, HAS always on hand at his seed Store, 97. Chesnut Street, Philadelpiiia, a large stock of Seeds of his ow.i growt!), (I vfry itnportantittmto ])urchascTS, ashc is a praeticnl gmw- er,aii(l liaH been en^a^tnl m his profession over 3(1 years. His nurse- ry ^'rouiul is amply stocked with l-'ruit,Shade and Ornain-'iitHl Trr-'s, i aecurately named and j)roperly cultivated. Iamtv article sold at 1 the lowest rates, and warraiiteii to be as represfiit'cd. Seed Store, U7 Chesnut Street, Philadelphia. Nurseries and Seed Farm, Darby Road, two mi'ea below Gray's Ferry. June 1, 1851. R. BUIST. FAHDIKH.S. IF YOV have Horses that havo been injured by fipraiiiB, Rinphonc, spavins or .vounds of any kind. \(.n can j cure tlum up and make them as valuable as they ever were — I Send one dollar flee of Fosta'^e to tiie subseribtrs and tliey Will j Bend you f(»ur valuable receipts. j Yon may dei)end upon it, that the articles thus manufactured and I will cure — and that anyone of the receipts is worth more than you will have to pav for all of them. Address (IN.siaire paid.) June 1, is:.!) HILLS A: CLAllK, EIrniru, Chemumr co , X. V. Contents of .lune \^o. EntoliK.loo-y, Xo. 2, - - . _ _ I*aine\s Oxygen Light, - - - . (H»itnnrv, ----___ Fine Sheep, ----_. Farmer's (,'luhs, ---___ Beep rioiighiiif!^, . . _ . _ Agncultnnil Kdueation, - . . . Plantin- l[:M.ln;es. Hawthorn vs. Osage Oran-e Organization of the Honey Bee, Farmer's Sons and Learned Professions, - Hedging, - Shnde as a Fertilizer, - - _ . Thernnv^^nod Pigeons d<'feated, Sw.mIo Turnips, Ashes of Anthracite Coal, - - . Notes on the Cultivation and management oi' Tobacco, - - - - '^- Prize Essay on the Horse, - - - - China and Bremen Geese, - - - - Domestic FiConomy. Pomologieal R-marks, The Raspherry, Transplanting Pear Trees, - Destruction of Birds and Increase of Noxious Insects, -----. Kitclien (Jarden, - - - _ _ Horticultural Societies, - - - - 83 Female Industry, - - - - . Mrs. Pierson's Letter, - - - . . Agricultural Societies, - - - . 05 c.c. ('.7 c.s 71 72 74 71 / •) 7") 7") 76 I t 7'.> S»i 81 82 82 83 -84 85 85 86 TliePlircnolopTlcal Journal lor 1S51: DEVOTi;!> TO Science, Litrraiiin and lUnernl hiicUis^cncr. ri^O kni'w ('ur<( lv.•^ is a luattir i.f \\u- fii>t importanc'.'. and there X is no iixans ipf iditainin^ such knowh'd)^*' .-o widl as by tho aid of i'llRi:.\()L(M;V. \sliich forni-i the IcadiuLr feature of th« .Journal. I'li vsioi.ix.v and IfoMi; F.'.ni v i iiv will m.tl;c it invahu- bb' a.s a jruidi' to mothers in the training of children. 'ill.' Mechanic, the 1-armer. the I'r. fessioiial Man. the Studeifct, the Teaclier. and the .Mother, will find each number of the Jour- nal an in.^tructive aiid valuable conjpanion. TKU.MS LN ADVANX'K: Single copy, one year, $100; ten ciijde.s. one year, !f7 01). N. B. -riease address all letters, post paid, to FOWLLHS k WKLLS. Ai-ril - 3m No. 131 Na.snau f-treet. New V )rk Tlic Great 3Iiclii^aii PLOW. FORSODAXD.srB-SOIL. 1 KT.at trial of rinu . ,,. Jun, !,..t. appomied ».y the NW York Mate Agricnltnral r^,. uty, (l.y wlmm it wa.s award-,! a srKc al PRrM.rM): -Ue regard this i.npb.ment a.s a nu..; us,,l^r,K\nt f...m the m.^chame t- the farmer, and in our ..pinion u fiwt great nn,,n.vement in the liUage .flan.l. It ;m ,•„ , 1'/ //ji an excellent nianT.er. whieh.to be fnlly appreeiated m, tie-., a,;d it;u-c,.ni,d,>bes this pnh eri.atio^ Ji!„ an a i!; f * , r^ which, m reference |,. the w..rk perf.rnod. is e.rtaiul , ., • • It burns the sod completely, and covers if with a coati,,,. ,,. i .7 i earth which makes a seed bed almost as perbM-fiy as a sm,«. e " At U..st:m. la«t season, this Pl-.w was awarde,! . r T> and at every County Fair in the State -f New V ,rk at whiVh It was exhibited, the Propriet-.r received a Premium Mauufuctured and fur sale by HtNRY (JlLBEIlT All ordore from a dlstanco promptly attcnd^a to.'"'" Apri^ C liester (ountv Agricultural WAREHOUSE &, SEED STORE, Jligk Street, near the Horticultural Ilall^ WESTCIIKSTKR, PA. TllFi 8ub.-cribers in connection wiiti thnir pxtppf^ive Nursery Garden, and Orocn House eHtablishnients, have erected a large Warchnusc, and will keep constantly mi Innd aiiii fors'ilc.u complete asHor'ment of A;^ii( ul'ural und lUnti'-ultnTal Implements, consiting, in {^irt ot" Horse Powers and ThrcsherB, plows of (liffcreiit sizes and patterns, among which are the cele- brated "Kagle Self-sharpening,"' I^routy A .Mcars' Ci'iitre J)rat"t. Subsoil, Siilehill, &c., &.C., Harrows, Cultivators, Wheat Drills. Seed Sowers, Corn planters. Fanning Mills, Corn slicllcrs. Straw and Hay Cutters, Cinirus of various sizcB and patterns, Harvesting tools of every description ; in a word, every iinj)lement necessary to the Farmer and (lardener, and of the most approved kinds and patterns can be liad at our Warehouse. Also, field, grass, and garden see-fls of every variety. At our Nursery will be found our usnal large assortment of Fruit and Ornameutul Trees, Shrubbery, Grapevines, Green House Plants, .Scc.,tV;. PASCHALL MORRIS &; CO. WcBtcliestcr, Pa., June 1, 1S51. DIXON ^ KERR'S POULTRY BOOK. JUST PUBLISFIED, ATRRATISE ON TIIE IILS'I'ORY AND MAN- A(;i:.MKNT OF ORNAMENTAL AND DO- Mlv^TH' POULTRY. By Rev. Edminid Saul Dixon, A. M.. with large additions, by J. J. Kerr, M. D. IIIuh- tr;itcd with .sixtt-fivk portraits, tVoni naturo, engraved c.\pnJ&cMy loi uiio yvuiH.. CONTENTS. Tlio Domestic Fowl. Tlio Rearing and Management of FowL^. Eggs — Their Color, Form and Sex. Eggs — Their Preservatior- for Culinary Purposes, Eggs — Their Preservation for Incubation. V:uietie.ei ol tke Shaiurhae Fowl. Tiie Cochin China F(Jw1. Burnham's Importation of Cochin China Fowls. 'i'lie Malay Fowls, .sometimes (though crronously) called Chittagong. Tho l*heasaiit — Malay Fowl. 1"hc (iucldcrland Fowl. Tho Dorking Fowl — Colored Dorkingg. The Si)auish Fowl. Tiic (lamc Fowl — Tho Mexican Hen Cock Came Fowl. 'lli'^ Uiiittagongs, Tho Java, The S'hnkobag, and th(^ .1 :Tscy I^lue Fowbs. Tho Poland or Poli.sh Fowl. Tiie Spangled Ilaniburga — Tho Bolton Oroya or Creole Fowls. The RumplevSS Fowl, tho Silky and Negro Fowls, the Frizzled or Friealand Fowl, the Cuckoo Fowl, the Blue Dun Fowl, and tho Lark-created Fowl. TKe Smooth-legged Bantam. The Dung-hill Fowl, the Dominique Fowl, Colonel Jacciues' Chicken Coop, Dovereiix's Alctbod of Rearing Chicken:^ without a Mother, and Cope's Letter on Early Chicken.'*, Capomzinir b'owLs. The Pea F'owl. The Ring-necked Pheasant. The Turkey. The (iuiuLa Fowl. The Mute Swnn (Cycrnus Olor). The Wild or Canada Gooso. The Domestic CiooHO. 'I'he Hong Kong or China Goose, 'llie r. remen (ioose. The White-fronted or Laughing Goose. The White China Goose. ^J'he Bernicle Goose — Tho Brent Gooee. The 'Fame Duck. Tiiis work is well bouud in muslin, and is printed on tho fine.'^t paper. The illu.Mtratiors are engraved in the mf;.st elegant manner, from originn! and accurate drawings, and the whole isc.ne volume tf 4i^0 pages duixieeimo, price !?1. A tew copies have b<'en colored a her nature. Price for Ihn colored copies. $'i,r)0. F'-r 8\le by all nookii(dlers, mu\ by the Publibherg. E. H. BUTLER At CO., •^ajie l-3i 23 Minor Street, Philada. 1)1111, ADELPHIA cV; LIVERPOOL LINE OF PACKI:TS~To sail from I'lnladelphia on the 15ih, and from Ijiverpool on the Int of eacli montli. From Phila. From Ship SHENANDOAH Capt. W. P. (Jardincr. New ship VVE.<5TM0Kr:i.A?:i) Capi. P. A. Dccan, New ship Shackmaxon, Capt. W. H West. J..iverpool, J u n 0 I ?t Oct. Feb. July Nov. Mar. Aw.!; Di. . 'st 1st 1st Is-t let let l8t April Ist Sept. Isl .Ian. let May let Ship MARY PLEASANTS, r July 15th Capt. R. R. Dccan, ^ Nov. 15ih ( March L")th .....^ ^„, Tho above first class ships are built of the best materi- als, and commanded by experienced navigators. Due re- gard has been paid to select models for speed with com- lort for pa.ssengera. They will sail punctually on tlic daya advertised, taking advantage of the steam tow boats on the Delaware. Persons wishing to engage pa.t;page for their friciuls, can obtain certificates, which will be good furtwilve months. Passage to Liverpool in the cabin, ^qo ** ** Forward cabin, 20 " " Steerage, 12 Passage from Liverpool in the cabin, loo '* " Forward cabin, 25 " " .'^•rcrage, 20 Those who wish to remit nKjney, can be accommodated with drafts for £\ sterling and upwards, at si"hr, wiihoitt discount. Apply to GEO. McIIENRY'v^l CO. June 1, lb.01. 37 Walnut street. JOHN H. SMITH'S RENfiV.\TI\G OL\TME\T & KORSE REXOVA'G TOWDERS, '"I'^HK autlrr <-f our oxi.«;tenco ha.s cau-^ieii to /^row up .■;jM.ntane>- X dusly. thrcuL'liout the worM, such ve;rctable pnpcrl ic-: a.s will at once eure. when properly applied, all curalilc rs( a?^.s. The proprietor of the.'^e truly valuahh^ Medicines nii;j:hT till a voluma, with ( < rtijicate,>< and Testimonial.'* in favor of hi.> articles- but con.-;ideriiig ."Tudi jaifT.s whc-lly u.'^elt'"^-^. since they :ire ,-•.. readily nianul'actup'd. and ni ide u.'Je of to .such an extent to p.ilni - IT .^oino ii.xelcy;; tr;>.sh upon the public. J .'-lin!!. tlierefure. stale at oi.ec. tho varinr- di,-ea.«ef that can he .'Jpeedily cure^l by tl:.-=r, T,,\ jiliinbln Horse Kenovatin,^' I'owders, viz : — (ihuidcr.fl.ilid'boiind ••iiid I^)r^H', i)i.- rb'.'insc. at once, the ptoinach and maw from h>>ts. worms &c. and a^rain rostorw the stomach and howel.s to hcaltbv aeti^ n.' Smi 1 iTs llcNovATiNi; Or?cT>it;>r i.s an invaluable riinedy for hor- ^i-^. in the cure of tlio followinjj: di.sea.ses; Fr«\sh 'Wounds. (Jails of all kindt^. S[)ralus, Hrui.sgR, l IW.FT andMO.^T VALFARLK A^ririEltural Iniplcmcnt8 & xllac Hsfncry Exhibited at the State Fair in 1S50, will l)e seen by the award uf rremiuuis below : AWARI>ED TO E. WHITMAN, JR , 55 Light Street, Baltimore, by the Maryland State ^Agricultural Society, At their 3rd Annual Fair, held in Baltimoi-e 2.3d, 'J Uh and 25th Oct(^ber, IS^O. For tho best Plow in the Plowing Match, the Prouty k, MearsNo 5} -------- $40 00 For the best Plowing with Ox Team, same jilow. (^^pecial Premium) . . j 00 For the best Plow on F.xhibition, Rugglos, Nourse. Ma.'^on & (?o',s No. 3. 1st Premium, -- - . ' . . S 00 Forth.' best Railway Horse-power, "Whitman's Improved 1st I'reinium. ------.'. Ft»r tl\e best Hay Pres.s, l.st Premium, - - . . For the bi st ( <'rnshe!ler, l^t Premium, - . . , Fmi- the be-t KicM Roller, 1st Premium', - . - . For tlie beat Corn-stalk < utters and (irindors, 1st Premium For the best Churjix, l«"t rreinium, --...' For til" b.\"t ]]ky and Maiiur.* F"ik. l.st Promium, - F' 2 0« 400 94 ADVERTISEMENTS. fJu^'E, 1851.] ADVERTISEMENTS. 95 mmmmrKxmrrjntam iHULBLmmai ,^^l. //?/*' lligli^aiiil l\wiJ4cii<'«, ]\«'\vlMiBf?li jV. Y. \S\1JL &. rO. Ixp; l<"av»> li> chII flu- iii ti'uf ion r.f PmlTS « and Fluntfra oflrct-s, and thf imMif in ^'.-ncral. to tlirir ve- ry liiriro and comph'to ptoclc df KK I IT AM) OllNAMKNTAL 'i l{h,l!s. wliirli tln-y (.iTcr for fJiilc tlu' coming .spring, 'i'lii' tri-cs oi th('.M> .NuiMiics iirt- all grown on tlui in-fnilscs, ami pru[iigat('d tinder the iuum'diato supervision of Mr. Saul, whose long connec- tion witli thi.-< (^^tal)li^hnlent, is Honie guarantee tor the accuracy ol th<' ; tock now nircri'd for sale. It consists in ))art of over 20 000 I'eur Trees. 5 to 8 feet high, and embracing ail the lead- ing Stand;ird Varieties, aH well as tho>e recently introduced, of in<'rit. eitlier to 8 feet, of every knnwn kind of reputa- tion.' a« well as all the novelti<'S of recent iutroduclion. 10.000 Cherry Trees, 0 to S leet and over, nmong which will bu found all the ilesirahle and choice varieties. A large stock of handsome, well grown trees, of Peach, Aprlnjt, Nectarine and (Quince, in every variety. Als.., Grapevines, Native and Foreign; Itasplierries, Gooseberries and Cnri'Hiit s StrawI/iT'" ",' !"::Tif-' "''■! ►•'•■(•iii.'ii* !?(.<.*« vn.-u <>u x.i.nr agiw, Uhnbarb. Seakale, ice. of the uKK-t approved kind.-:. Tear and (iuince, Cherry on Mahaleb. and Apple on Taradise ptocks — for I'yranTKls or Dwarfs f'.v gar^len culture, and embrace.'? all the kinds that succeed on those stocl^s. Deciduous ami Evcr^rfcn Ornamental Trees and Shrubs. 100.000 Decidunn.q and Evergreen Ornamentnl Tree?, ombraring rH the well known kinds suitable for street planting ^.)i extra sizi; uncli as Sugar and Silver Maple. Chinese Ailantus. Horse Chesnut, Cfttaljia. Kiiropean and American Ash. Tbre(> Tle-riK -1 Acacia. Kentucky Cotfee Tree, Silver Abele Tre<'. American and Europe- an Basswood or Linden. American and European F.lm. in several varieties. k,c. Also all the more rar*' and ^eleet. as WfU as well known kind.-; suitable for Arbor* turns. I/iwnsand do<.r-y;ird plant- ing, &c.; such as Doedar and Leb'anon Cedars; Araucaria or ( hil- ian rine; tryptonuria japonica; the dillercut v.iri' ti< s of Pines, Firs, Si)ruc<'s. Vews, Arborvietas. &.c. WEKPING TUKI'-S — New Weeping Ash. (Fraxinns lenti.-cl- folla pendula) the Old Weeping Ash. \N eeping .lap.anese Soj>hora, Weeping Kims, (of sorts) I nil>reU;i Headed Locust. AN'eej.ing Mountain Ash. Weeping Beech, &:c., &.c. ; together with e>.,.i^ variety of rare Maple, Native and I'oreign; t' tint.ireaana mond and Clierry ; (hesnuts. Spanish and American; 'Joui ^agc Copfter lieech; .lud.as Tree. L.arcb. (ium 'I'ree. 'I'ulip 'I'ree. () ^uj Orange. Paulowni:i. Mountain Ash. v.\merican and i"-urojM'^^^^ Magndia.s of sorts, with many other ihing.s— including some varieties <'f Slirnbs, Vines, &,c.. for which see Catalogue, a new t." ilion of which is just issuid. and will be forwarded to all po^it pa*^^ ai)plic.in{s. A large (juantity of Aiborvitac! for Screens, and Buckthorn and O'iage Imi- Hedge plants. The above will be sold on as liberal terms as simil.'ir stock can be purch i.sed elsewhere. For further lonticulars we w(-uld again refer to priced ( atalogue. A lil'crai discount will be made to persons who buy, to sell again, and exteu:iive planters, on their own acouunt. April Seed auil A^riciiUiir;^! Warcliouse, 194^ Market Street, Philadelphia. WE offer to our friends and customers, tlie largest assortment of .Agricultural implements. Garden tools, anL'irki't, (-(insisting in part of the following, viz : • Prcmty and .Mears' Patent liighest premium self-sharpening Ploughs, right and left handed side hill Subsoil, of various sizes! of superior materials and workmanshij>, warranted to give satis- faction, or the money returned — Four highest premium'^ awarded to these Ploughs at th(( New Vork Pair, iSaO. Also, ijeach and Car Share Ploughs; Spain's imjiroved Harrtd Churn. eonstruct(>d in BTich a manner that the daslier may be removed from the in- iride of the Churn by simjily unscrewing the handle from the 4afiher. Hay, Straw and ( oru-^stark culter.^. in great variety among which may be found Ilovey's superior premium straw-cut- tor, of every size. Also, Horse-power Thrc^sbing Machines. Fan Mills, C^rn Shd- Icra, Cheese Pre.sseB, Seed Pl.mters, Dirt Scrapers. Sugar .Mills Ox Yokes and I3ow8, Turnip ' - Concaved Manure Bar Share, repairing pieces and eastings. Peruvian' "p.-.'tnIron;a and prepared Guano, together with a complete a,s8ortmcnt of grans, garden and field seeds, all of which will be sold at the low tat poBHible prices, at 191^ Market street, Philadelphia AprU9-tf PROLTY & BARRETT in-r»r I it-.'iPVH, otji-u I i.mters. Dirt .scraper.s. Sugar .Mills Ox and Bows, Turnip Drills. Hor.ve Hakes, Swat^he Scythes red Hoes, Spring Tempered Ca.st Steel. Oval, and Souare e and Hay Forks, Pruning Shears and ( bi.-el.s, Beach and IMI'ORTANT TO FARMERS Ami TlircsliinK^ ]>laclijiie Makers. TH 10 .--ubscriber respecttully begs leave to inform the public that he has l;ilely jx-rfecled a new 'Pbrc-bing .Machine an. I Ib.r^c I'ower, whieli in point of strength, durability, lightness of draught and convenience in moving is not surpassed or eiiu:illed by any .Nb'icliiiie in the I'nited States; he also confidently aOirms tb;it no Macliine of itsstrengtli and duraldlity can l)e afforded as low. — The invention of this .Machine has been the result of several years exfierience ami hardstu'Iy. W(*do not claim tf» have dis- covered any new prineijile in philosophy — but we doelaim to have disc(jvered a plan by which old philosophical j'rinciples are more correctly and a. All orders directed to the sub;5criber at I-ancasler city will be thank fully received and promptly att<>nded to. Lanc'r April SA.MCJ.L PELTOX. Jr. _ »i Gilniore'jij Bee-IIIve, &c. ^VHE attention of Bee culturi.^ts is inviti d to this improved 1 plan. ^-r ":'•"—" •- -T r^cntleman of great rxpenrnro and .^ucro.-:- •-. the culture of Bees; his improvement is the result of many years trial; his result has noparalb 1 in tlie history of the past. The Agent of tlie " Pennsylvania !"arni .)2(». County •' " $30 '• $200. '•A Talk about the Hoin'v Bee," a defence of Gilmore's sys- tem, contains, also, testjnioni.il-;. awards of Premiums to,( jilniore, from the leading Fairs and Institutes in this Country ;*1'2 centa wngle; $1.00 per do:;!en— gratis to patmns. Circulars sent to any applicant. Address, post paid, J. B. MAYXARD. ^P'-i'— tf Lancaster, Pa. HA A' P: been di- it was at first located. It "has been gradmilly enlarged to nn^'t the growing wants of the public, an*! is now. as it ever has been, the most extensive of its kind in this country. The grounds in cultivation being ten-fold greater than tho.-e ol any j-imiiar concern in the I'nited .^t.ates. As the iSeeds sold by the proprietor are (with slight exci ption) of his own raising, he is. consequently, enabled to |]^V ' n'airant thrill, n matter (d' importance to the ]>urch;iser of an articl(\ the quality ot wliieh cannot be d'denuined by ihe eye. Descriptive ( atalognes in l-',nglish and (rerman gratis Abo fir sale, Implements for Farm and (harden in large variety. LANDRKTH'S .Agricultural Ware House, Aj-ril Sign of the Plough, ti.) Chesnut st., Phil.adelpliia. ~ " ~~ ~ "" -■ ■- ■ ■ ■■■■-■ , ^ < The IVater-Ciire Journal for 1851: DEVOTED TO Physiol o fry. Hydropathy and the Laws of Ufe. I^HK WATKH-Cl HE JOCUNAL is published monthly, iUustra- ted with engravings, exhibiting the Structure, Anatomy, and lliysiolo^y of th« Human Body, with familiar instructions to learners. It is emphatically a .Iudrnil ok Hkaltm. adapted to all classes, and is designed to be a complete FAMILY GLIDE in all cases and in all dis«'asefl. /I'm: INni.osoi'HY of Hkai.tii. will be fully discu.s.'sed, iricludiiig I'ood. Drinks, (,'lotJiing, Air, and Exercise, showing their effect* mi both body and mind. Terms in Advanct : Single copy, one year, $1 00 : Ten corifJ'i one year, $70. N. B,— PleAfic address all letters, post paid, to . ,, -^ Jf'OVVLEHS fc WKLl.S, April-^m js^o. 181 Nassau elrtct, New York. *^«et Uic Best.'' VT,T, young persons should have a standard DICTIONARY at their elbows. Andwhib; you are about it ^> t the. litat ; that Dictionary is NOAH WEBSTER'S, the trreat work abridged. If y 'U are too pn(n\ save tlie amount from o!f your back, to put it ill lo your head. y^/ocTio/oi,'. Journal. Dr. \\ Cb-ters great work is the best Dictionary of the English language. — Lotufon Morning Chronit b\ Tliis volume must llnd its way into all our pulilic and good pri- vate libraries, for it provides tin; English student with a mass ot tlie most valuablt^ information, which he in vain seeks lor eise- >^hcre. — London Litcrarij Gazette 'Ihe very large and increasing demand for this work, affords tli<3 best jios'sthir eridenre to the publishers that it is liighly " acceptable to the great b(Hly ol the American p( ()[)le.'' Co?itaining t/irre times th(^ amount of matter of any other V.n- gll.-^h Dictionary compiled in this country, or any Abridgment of thi.^ v/ork. Pnbli>hed by ..,, Oil, and Dry (.ood I resses. Bnck Machines. Shovel.s, Spades, Hose, Manure and Hay P(jrks. &e..&c. Gnrdni Implements.— Thi^^y} tixv imported by us direct from the Engli.vh m.inufacturers. or made here to our order 'Jh, v e.,nsist ot a great variety tjf the choicest kinds such as Trenciiing and \\e,,i,ng I-urks. Pruning and Hedge Shears. Flower andTwig ".V'"""/ . ', '^'^^^ assortment fur ladies is particularly choice and w(il ."fleeted. Field >ind Garden Seeds. -Thoso are grown expressly for us botli in F.urope and this country. They are of the choicest kinds fliKl of great variety. We also obtain, as soon as sufticicntly tried and Weil upproyed. every new kind of seed suitable to be ciUtivated in the I nited States, /•'.:.7|7;rf,$._ Peruvian and Patagoninn Guano, Bonedust, Poud- rettr. Plast(r of Paris. 4-e. Miniujadory of .l:;ricultural Implement s. — \Ve hav(> a lar^e nuimifaeturing e.Mubli.shment in this city, where we will promptly make t<. order any new article or imidement required by the Far F..r 'e I s ; .; ) .... . ,""^ Paper.— A new and very superior kind of the dllbren number.Min use by Machinists, Cabinet Makers. Ac r.J\'; '"",":,"'' -'l^'-^^'^ii^ri St, SL monthly publication of ;52 pages. Price one dollar a year. a. IJ. ALLE.\ & Ci) . —iFIi' 1H9 and 191 W^ater-street. New York. Uclnitsli's German Cattle Powder. I^ms Powder is celebrated for the cure and prevention of all diseases to which Cattle. Milch Cows. Sheepand » tg^ are subject, and is the only prep- aration upon which full confidence can be place(r For Milch Cows it is ot the greatest importance, wonder- ludjr increasing the quantity and H * iWHPiiii"liL-.Wi " ' ^ Uw'lL'.tt;:;';?,.;:;;'':,^' ""^ ^tr-tuaUy prevent and^;ure llol VEGKTARLE HORSE-POWDER. VUiK^h will cure Distemper, Hidebound, Loss of Appetite Founder, Yellow Water, Lown.\sfl „f ^pirits Inward Sprain.s,Intlamation and Heat in ar^ subject''"' ^^' ot^or diseases to which Horses ex"™n;-^'^^^^^-^TION,~For thn cure of bingof the Ra.l.lie "d a^'or'' HaTn'J'"\"':r^'"'-^"''''' ^'"'^- ^^"^ Sw.41ing.. Sweeny. &c. rrep^L,"'':S;r:WdT"''^ '" '*"' '"'"*' ModicinaL Drug and Chemise a l^'s'lor'oVo la^E^rK',"'''; April tf «*vyiu, ixo. ij ii.a.st King st., Lanc>uster. $500 to $2,000 aa Yar. lOOO AOKIvlFs WAIV TKO. IN all the States of the I'nion. to canvass for the folb-wing Im- portant and \'aluable Works, which are sold by .-uh^crijdion. ^\■e have tiow about two hundred Agents in the n( Id. many of tliem cb'aring Inun rv\o lu yn.ni dom.aiis i-kk n.w. k will besi-en that they are all of a very popular and desirable kind, and calcu- lated to please almost (Very ta^te. For furlbt r particulars ai'ply (poat i>aid) to the publishers. DERBY \: .MiLI.Kli. Auburn. N. Y. "HOW A FVRMKll M \Y BECOME RICH ' BLAKE'S FARMER'S EVERY DAY BOOK, Or. how a Farmer can become Rich— b.dng sketches of Lift; in the (ountry; with the Popular Kbnients of practical and theor(tiral Agriculture, and tw(lve hundred Laconics and Ajtat hegms rela- ting to Morals, Regime and general Literature; also OOU Receij^ts on Health. Cookery and Domestic Economy; with 10 tine illustra- tions respecting the various scemvs attendant upon farming, etc. IJy John L Blake. I). D.. author of "Biographical Dictionary,-' '• Family Encyelopedi.i,-' J^'c. The publishers respectfully announce, that thc^y have under- taken the publication (.f this l.irg»! and beautiful work, with a vie-v to supply a de.sideratum that lias b)ng been b !t-a book for Kvi ay F.^UiiKR's LiuKAHv; believing that ihe vener.able author ha.s produce(l a work th.it will be worth its weiglit in g'dd to every tanner's family that thoroughly peruse it. It is proper to stata tliat Dr. Blake is a PH.\cric.u. faumku. and has reclainieil a sterile ami worn out piece of land into a valuable and productive farm— whudi experience, with his will known qualltications as an a'.Albor, peculiarly tit liim to prepare a book for farmers. The work contains 0.')4 pages, large octavo, with a motto sur- rounding e;uh page-is printed ou line paper, and bound in sub- stantial imitation Turkey Morocco, giit buck, xuvaiiuoie reutii price. $3 00. Agents wanted to canvass for the alK-vo. IVew ana Popular School Book. THE COMPREHKNSrVE SUMMARY OF UVivr.^n«iT tti« TORY, with a biography of disting.^, Zd p^iLn^^rom Vh eartiest period to the iTresent time- to which i, «T . . '^'' ir: ^^^",7^^.- Mythology. NaUiVal IMiilo,!; Z^;.^ r^^et ^^^Z' r-mj and l.y.sbdogy. on the basis of - Historical am vlcei^Jne l"ubll..hed and for sale by R. 3. JONES !c CO N B -Te^rh./'"*T'; '/ ^''"^^^ »"'J ^^^^" "t . Pbiladelphi a FROST'S PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CALIFORNIA. The History of the State of Californbi, from the earliest period of her Conquest by the Sj>aniards. to her acqui.-ition by the Cnited State.; with . in account (f the discovery of the immen-o (iold Mine-, uii'l the .quantity of O.M already obtained; the enonnou.«! increase of population; a description ,,f the mineral and agricul- tural resources of tlie country; w it b adventures and trnv. Is amon" the .Mines. Also, advice to Kmigranls, as to the most desirable route.s thither. To which is added the Constitution of the State «d Cahtornia; with numerous illustrations. and a map cd' ( alifornia and the(i()l,i ^^nes; in on(> octavo volume .^)t 0 pagts; bound iu .-ume style as Mexican War. Retail price, f.2 bO. " 1 am prepared- T liave endeavoreil to do my duty '» THE LIFE OF ZACHARY TAYLOR, L.ite PrcMdent of the United States, imduding the closing scenes ot his hie and death. By H. .Montgomery. F.mbidlished with a sted portrait and 15 illustrations; in one elegant octavo volume, 463 pag(s. well printed on fine paper and bound in substantial morocco, gilt back. The li,-htnings may flash, the thunders ni.Ty rattle, He liears n<»t, he heeds not. he's free from all pain, He sleeps his last sleep, he has fought his last battle, No sound can awake him to glory again. More than 20 OOO copies of the ab(.ve work have been sold by -an and the demand is unab.ited. It is allowed bv critics to be the most complete and authentic copy of any of the works purporting to be a Life of ihe Great Man of the Age. Retail price. $2 00. A COxMPLETE HISTORY OF THE WAR BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND MEXICO, From the commencement of the battles, to the ratification of the Treaty of Peace; Cf>ntaining a concise account of the sj. Undid military achievements and glorious victories of the American Army under (ienerals Taylor and Scott, and their gallant com- patriots in arms. Also, a concise account of the new El Dorado, the (iolden Land of California, which was annexed to the United States by the treaty of peace. Illustrated with 24 portraits and battle scenes, and a steel likeness of General Taylor. By John S Jenkins, author of " The Life of Silas Wright." - Lives of Ameri- can (Jenerals," etc., etc. The work is bound in cl.gant aid sub- stantial morocco, gilt back, and contains 520 pages. A flue Map of .Mexico and California accompanies each book. •«• 12.000 copies of the above work have been sold by n.9, chi«>fly in N. Y. State. It is pronounced by crictiesas the only compl«te and impartial history of the war extant. Subscription price f»2 60. April ' SCATTERGOOD & HOWELL,, DESIGNING, DRAWING And ITood Eng^ravlng^ ENtablisIim^nt, Inquirer Building^ Third Street, heluw Cheanulst.. PllILADELPJIIA. WatkrCoior DnAWiKG, Portraits. Bdiloi-s*;?. Machikert, Viwg FAPSK Hkaov LAnri.s. Scai s, 4-c. Drawn and Eugravod iu the Bk9t manner and on the moat ,. ^ rwaeouable Terms. Aprilj-tX 06 ADVERTISEMENTS. fJuNK, itwumjJ'Bi'lMii rm KeUle\^« II -S. l>si%iHon'N JSaitS against ijUStllO. A CHALI;ENGK!!I THE (I'cp intcrost now taken l.y AKrimlturisti in nil (loncrip- tiunH (>f manure, would F.'cni to juMtify >iny cxpcdu'iit, by irblch fair and unprejudiced oxix'riments n.:iy be inad»; of tlio va- rious dcHcrintions of manure at this time aUrarlniK' t .<• attyntion of the public. In view of thi8. and th.' undcrHKned honrvHy i,,- lievine that the Chemical Compound, manufactured by theni. la the b08t manure of which any knowb-dLce i^ bad for a lorn LrOp; challencrpfl Guano to the test upon the i^W^ssuv^ cndition; - lie W S On. Hundred /;.//«r,. to be present ed to tb. aryland Agricultural Society, if any . !v ,.:d.. of (luano ^s,ll do tb.. sume. iiuxt the Kenovator compound, d by K.Uh•^v.l ^ l.av,.un. w> rro.lucoupon any soil, the larKest crop ol w.i^knl ror». wilbout letrard to the Mzr of tlie .talk, provub-d the I'resulent of tb- Male AKricultural S.riety will ..bet ^^^^^^\V^r^-r,. m )n. ^u^h^^^t qwalined, to SUl.eriatend the c-xpenment. V':\" "", Vn o to be drsorib.d..M. Ibnl .iudi party can direct the m..de ot appli- cation: two l,arrels of the Salts to be u..ed per acre, costing ^J^- and.'5()l)lbs. ot the (iuauo, cosliMK <.7*J). the partN inakmg the cxi.erisu.nt to receive the manure tree ot cost. And the 8amo amount against any manure us a top dressii.K upon tnuothy or olOTcr. J""'' i^'-'n.LWKLL. Kettlexvcll &■ Davison a.L'aln call the attention of AfrrieulturiptH to their various Chemical .Manure'-.'uid in .m- doing, they would bo insensibb- to cMuuiiou gratitude, if they faih'd to express their profound .^ckoM.vl.MuMnmiH for the constant and mcrea.sing de- mand, which Hows in uiw n then bT tludr ^ilUl. •■ and compound manureK. Kuch season his greatly increased their sales, extend- ing as far south as South Candina. ,,.,..,.,, Thry can give no strongei ovidence of their faith m the vir- iiio^ of their mauuru, as the best knn>Mi for a ram crop than the tonders they make above ; and the certificate -i.,.d. tboy boro- witli present In the offer of a test, it 13 not the amount involv- ed, but the willingness to challenge result, that hpeaks their in- teu'rity and contideuce. We could add any i.nn.unt to tlie testi- mony we publish; but if the mimes we refer to do not command confidence, m* a.Uitional number could. Wi. have never boasted of the nuaiity of our article, we b.-ive been content to leave a de- cision to time, demand and experiment, that has tu-en in our fa- vor^hoping. if we have les.s ol " Bi-phosphates." the public would discover it. as they would if it was found we had more oi •• sand ' than any thing else. KtTTi.twKi.L & D.^vison. Ojficc at Oher if- McConkry's. corner uf Lombard and llano cer SiTttti. Factory, Federal Hill. ^ 131 PHOSPH ATKS. ■\Vc keep constantly on hand this valuable manure. Bones, with a proper portion of the Sulphate of Ammonia, diss-dved m Sulphuric Acid The ( hemists (-f thi'* cmmtry and b.urope have been pressing this mode .)f using bone-dust upon the ntten- Uon of farmers, with great zeal and ability of icemt year-^. l-.v- ory experiment lias confirmed the truthfulness of tluir theory; and we hazard but little in saying that in a very brief time it will be used in no other way. It is prepared ho us to br sown sim ilar to the salts, at the rate of one or two barrels to tb.- ace — The price of this article is $4 per barrel bet the tanner who doubts, try it at a less expentie than the (dd mode ol Using bone- '^'''^' TOBACCO GENERATOR. TblR U a chemical compound, made expressly for the growth of Iho Tobacco plant. We will call more special attention to it at the proper season. ,_,,.r..r, CHEMICAL RESIDIUMS. We have con tnntly on haiel Cbemiciil llesidiums of ovory ring at tlie commencement of the first thaw. I'pon grass it should be sown broad-ca.st upon the timothy or clover. On corn, either broad- oaat or in tho hill. Where iwo barrels are uaed. one «' '*5i "# Agricultural Macliines and Implemciits. WHKKLKR, MELICK U CO., C'tONTINUE tlieir manufactory at tho corner of Liberty anj J Hamilton ptreets. ALBANY, where they arc prepared to fill all orders with deBjjatch. ^^ ORDERS FOR JV?)eelcr8 Patent liailway, Chain Horse Powers, mid Overshot Threshers and Separators, tviii re- ceive their prompt attention. /Jfy- Tho large and increasing demand for these !Mncbine3 h?." Induced the Proprietors to erect a New and ?^pacious Mnnufacto- ry. and otherwise extend tlu-ir means of prompfly filling firders.— Their I'ower? and Thn-ahers have been sold in nearly < very State in the I'nion, during the past year, and their superiority has been acknowledged by luiinerous testimonials. n(»t only from Agricul- tural Societies Iiut from persons who have used tlum. They have been awarded the F'irst Premiums at all the iirin(i)i;\l Faii"3 where tiny have b< en exhibited in ojuration. incluiling t be I'enrv sylvania State Fa'r. the I'rovincial Fair of Cpiu-r < ;ina(b).and the Michigan and C>hio St.'ile Fairs, together with numerous ( ounty Kxhibitions in the different States. The TWO HOUSE MA( HINE, with from thn>e to flv(> handJ, will thresh from l'J.5 to 200 bushels of Wheat per day. or twice that (juantity of Oat.s. The One Horse Machine will thresh rather more than half that quautity. PRICE AT ALBANY: For Two Horse Machine.'* $14,''. 00 For One Horse do $1'J0 ()() Machines will be shipped to order to any jiart i>f the CnileJ States or the (aiunl.is. i^^ anil xvnrrnntrd to i:hr satisfaction to the ptirchaser. or thry vfay hr returned uiithin sixty days. Tlie subscribers also manufacture and will furnisli to order tha m»'3t approved kinds of Feed Cutters, Clorer Jlullers^ Circular Saw J\IiU!',^c. They will also furni.'^h Horse Powers properly (»(>eredfor driving Churns. Elevating Grain, or other purpo.sos to wbi( b Ibirse Power can be apj»litd. Wlih.KLER. .MKLICK & CO., April— 2t Coni«r of Hamilton and Liberty eta., AlbanyjN. "•'■«i;- -i-^'" VOL. 1. LANCASTER, PA., JULY, 1851. NO. 4. THE FAllM JOUllN AL. S. S. IIAI.I>i:iTIAN, IMltor. I'intumoloj^y, No. 3. BY THE EDITOR. The anno.xod fi-j^ure roprosonts fi spocio.s of tho gonus Carahns, ■wiiicli is llit-rr {ircsriilatix' of an ox- toiiwivc family (rai-alndd') of voracious iu.Morts which do- Htrny vast luiinltcr.s of the larva.' that i'rvd u\Hm plaitt.^. The iusocts of thi.s family aro therrforo usciul to the /^ r^''--7 1 "\ fi^'i'iii-i' '11^'^ pardoner, and y ^ ^"»> »-- --^... — , - -, A i. J ^ procure nourishment more easily, and in greater abundance. This insect multiplied itself with a ra^ pidity truly astonishing, and the caterpillars disap- peared without those who were witnesses to tho do- structiou, having the least idea of the causes which produced it." The author then gives it as his opinion, that the neighborhood of the city of Toulouse is not ra\aged by the Melolontha vulgaris which is so do- structive in other parts of France, because the Cara- bus auratus is very common in the fields, moadowi, and gardens. It i.s known, he remarks, that tho Ca- rabus auratus seizes and devours tlie Melolontha pre- vious to the deposition of its eggs; and that ititmor* fond of these, than of any j)art of the insect. "One would be much deceived in believing that it is always easy to make an advantageous use of thii means of destruction, a profound study of tho man- ners of insects, being often indispensable to arrire at the end j.roposed. The most robust of our Carabi, the Proctrustes coriaceus Liji. had served me admira- bly in tlu^ centre of France, to destroy the little insect* whi( h attack the plants in gardens. Hero (in tha south) this insect does not destroy the tame specie*; and although very common, it is unknown, or hardlj ever met w ith. The reas(m is, that in the centre, tha west, and probably tho north of France, this Procrus- tes is diurnal, re(piirlng only cool and shady placet. With us (in the south, under a wanner climate) it is, on the contrary, essentially nocturnal^ and therefor* (h'stroys sutdi insects as are, like itself, nocturnal j or which remain v^ithin its reach, during the obscuritj of night. " In transporting into my garden twenty of tha Cara!>us auratus, I had thought to destroy the collec- tions of Forfieula which had chosen it for the tlieatra of tlieir rav.ages." To his great aatonishmcot, the 98 EDITORIAL. \Jvv ■h^>iM.°vw««ti -niKSufx ■itu-wmmruttum-m n Caral>i, which will actually destroy the Furficula, were cither found starved to death, or left lli«> i-huc: and the latter continued Lht ir devastations! The rca- Bon given is, that the Forficula arc essentially iKuitui- nal; and durinf^ the day kc*)* tlu^insclvrs liidd'ii iu crevices, into which the Carahi cannot (nUi-w iIkmm. These latter, too, arc only active duiini:; tix^ middle of the day, and in the heat of the sun. But the re- BOurccH of this persevering entoniolo^^lHt were not yet exhausted; lils next oxiM-dicnt hcin;^ tc inti-oduce a pnialler carnivorous in>ect connnon in Fiamc, the Staj»livl:)uis olens, wliieh, he remarks, "filled all the necessary con;liti(jns Cor tlu^ destruction (d* the Forfi- cula.'' "You see, then, f:;enllenien," says 'M. fIois<:;iraud, in conclusion, "that it is indis})ensalile to study tlu; manners and habits of destruetive insects, that their instinct and address may he sueeessfully emjdoyed for the destruction of the species abh^ to do us injury. Then in ]»lare of l.arliaronsly crushinii; the usefnl spe- cies whicli have the mislortune to he not always or- namented with the rich colors of ♦'"' I'l^H-.vfK- .>r i),,. F*u|)rcstis, we will enIt'(lical (iuackery. A child has recently Iteen killed in Philadelphia l)y the ignorance <»r an inc()mpetent }(ractitioner of nK'di'ini'. \vlio in ;:;ivin;^ a prescription for castor oil {oleutn ricini) did not know how to spidl the UKMlical name, and wrote it o/. rcsi/ii. From the indistinct- ness of ordinary w^itinL^ ' may be taken {bran o, and in for m, so tliat tli(" b(»y who ^ave tlie nuMlicine na- turally read "/. ?'(v.s'//?. as an abbr<'vation of oleum ros- marini (oil of rosemary,) there being no drug known as ol. n.sini (or resiiKc) tin; oil (or spirits) of turpoi- iinc bcinir known under the name of r>/. hrchintJiimv. Kevertheless, as the dor\s' ignorance was sufficient to indm-c him to write ol. rc.sini had he wanted oil of turpentine, the drugjj;ist had to choose bet-.,een the two medicines to whicii the prescriptii^n came nearest, but neither of whicii was intendt (b and the rrsnlt has been that the boy who prepared the mixture Avas im- properly discharged for following a pr(\^eription, in- •tcad of the (h»for being indicted fbr homicide or manslau;:;hter, his practice under the circumstances )L>eing inilav'ful. The doctor ii\ his testimony made use of a supjxised "word CO wia^iow.v, probably meaning the common medi- cal term comatose, which is another example of the kind of medical education he has received, if he ever received any— and if Iw has, it is due t^ the reputa- iion of the resptdublc medical s( bonis, that they clear themselves of the stigma of having graduated him. The doctor states that he has spelt " mtVu" for thirty years, and we are curious to know what he supposed was in the bottle ma-k'd oL. K1<'!\1 in the dru- stoi'es; and in tluit niiuked ol. chniopodii [worm-Hini oil,) as he wrote tin; latter in Kn;.';li.sli. \V(! caution our readers not to employ irregular practitioners, nor .vu(di as have graduated in schoub of rpU!stionable standing, n'>r to jiurchase advcrtiml pills, tonics, syrups, sarsaparilla. (dnij-y jiecterab (lik(! that of Ayer, which is backed by 'd J'ortjcd certi- Jiralc of Professor Silliman) and mixtures niinlc t^, practic(i chiefly upon the supposed credulily o| -[^ country population. Let them avoid in particular, any secret medicine with accounts of wonderful cur. >, especially when certified by venal clergymen, wh,, not only {>roatitute their sacred calling, but have tip audacity to name the church where th(*y officiate, in defiance of the decent portion of their congregatii k- Clergymen who place D.D. after their name, aie v. }»ecial favorites with the compoundi^rs of secret up o- cines, and are j)robabIy worth fifty dolbars a )i'i more than tin; ordinary kind, in the certificate ui,;- ket. ( l('rii;il lortifiorvi li'»\o wno-p flu.'i* bcst daVS ind som(^ ([uatdvs as the cure-lying Piobaidv, will not con- descend to uful mediuju i • iween thieves and the police, iu the recovery of stolen go(jds. Some suppose that medical .names should be mit- ten in English, which is an absurdity, not one-tonth of them having Knglisii t<'rms, as in natural history, where Imlf a dozen we\ils may have them, am^u:; ' i'jJit (housond without them. Knglish names in eith- ov case would add to the confusion, and it would ir: wr.^ng to ask thein strueted phy.sit-ian and pharnin-'^ utist to li>wer themselves to the le\(d of (juacks and homicitles, and below that (»f school boys and '/\v\\ who, in studying botany, are not satisfied unless tli'}' know the hotanical name of a plant, which is ahvav^ in Latin. Such dictation would compel physiiians to compi)und their own medicines, as they arc com- pel led to do in country practice. The advocates of " Engli.sh names to let peoi'l' know what they are taking," are inconsistent in i •- ing satisfied that any amount of advertist<'iMU'eiiu. For the pur[)os(! cd" asei'i-taining ih-' lengtl>. of time that this insect lives alter th-' period of depositing its rx'-i'-s, we took four pair on l!ie 1 1th (d" di'.ne, wiiich were attached togetle r. These we kept in a \evsrl iu the house without food exce[)l a Ijit of the branch of an apple tree, which soon withered. On the l.?th, one nail' being nearly dead, was rcijecled, and one pair was placed upon a smal! birih tre(3, and tlu' otluM- i\so jiair n[)ou a low branch of sucking the sap. Tlu; femah; did nut coni- iii iic' makiu'j; r)erf"orati(.)ns and der)(»sitin<»- her e<'-""s 'Mitil the aft(M'noon of the b'ith. and she seems to have ('\ip()sit<'d but (»ncc. She and Ik^- mate arc still liv- ing on the bStli. Of theflirfV \y.)'r Tdaccrl (\u i]\a nr>r»le 1>yfinch on the morning of the l;5th, (me female oviated oii the afternoon of the sann.' day. I iJi. Mv^ruing — Two males and one femide have !!•• 1. More eggs deposited in the afteruoon by both of the two surviviuiT females. 15th. Morning — One of the two females is ovipo- and it is probable that the tinn- mu-^t arrive wlu^n they will be annual like the ordinary specit's. 8onn3 hiive supposi(;rce the skin. Building IWTaterial. sitinLf. lOth. l>olh females arc ovipositing ftronoon and :it!(rnoon. \i\\\. One of th<*se dies in tln^ afternoon, and upon '^« mg opened, is found to contain a number cd' und(!- oosited eggs. iMh. The remaining female is still living. !m farming a perforation for her eggs, the female stands haigthways upon the branch (her head being •ither towards or from the tree) when she raises her h'»'!y and brings her ovipositctr or boring orf^an vcr- Ji*illy upon the branch, and although it sometimes lips aside, she finally fixes it by pressing the j)oint "f the middle or gouge-shap(><| portion on the bark, \v here she moves it up ami down about twice in a second, supported by the two side pieces, which are kept .piiet upon the surfac<^ and foU.^y it afterwards .! rapidly as the size of the hole admits. In two minutes the point has entered, when she h)Wers her hody, which gives the instrument a slanting direction backwards and downwards, and p.^rmits hev in use it ^a a lever to raise th(> fibres. She i>roceeds along the branch boring and depositing at the rate of about an inch an liour. It rccpiires about fifteen minues from the tim(; of commencing a perforation until the ovi- P">itor is inserted at its base in the wood. The (nr^n are pearly white, tapering towards both ends, Tiul about a t\Nclfth of an inch long and oiio-seventieth '"'I'H'ueter. Acc(»rding to Dr. N. Potter, of Balti- more, tlie eggs hatch in fifty-two days. A few individuals of this insect appear every year, An effort is making in Washingb^i to have tho j)ublic buildings here:if"ter constructed of tln^ Inferior sandstone* used m the Capltid and Patent office, rath- (H- than of the more* dura!)le and oriuinnmtal marble, but it is to be hoped that there is sufficient seiiMn'r; in Wasiiington to ])revent sueh a result. Some; sand- ston(\s are good and durable, and that used for tho Smithsonian building seems to b(^ of an excellent (pialitv, although rather dark in c(dor. Cast iron is coming into use as a building material, l)Ut soni ■ iinauino that it i^ Uf^cessary to \Ki\\\i\{i)l y our correspondent came cnuiV- ed. They arc tho Galen/ca viiiata, which is ono-fiflb of an inch long, pale yellow above, with the head aoj 100 EDTTORTAL. ranoM IS')!. OOMMUNICATIONS. lOf *«> three stripes along the cl^'tra ])hu'k, ihv under partH beingmoHtly black. Ih". I!aniH(p. 101) has broii^lit together various romcdif^s, as charcoal dust or scotch »nuff sprinkled when the plants ar(^ wet with dew, an State Agricultural I^'air, The f()lltAvin careful attention of .Mir walnut heaves, hops — a solution of an ounce of (llau l»er salts in a (piart of water. " As these insects fly by nijxht as well ;!s ])y daj', and are attracted ))y lights, lighted splinters of j)in(» knots, or of staves of taf-barr(ds, stuck in tlu' ground during the night, around the jdants, have be(>n tbund usid'ul in destroy- ing these beetles. The most effectual preservative against these insects, and the ecpuilly destructive black flea-b(»etles whicdi inf'st i\n) vines in the spring, consists in corering the yovng viiu's icith rnillinct ■tretchod over small wooden frames." The flea-l)eetles h(;ro alluded to are minute Cohopfera of thc^ genus Ifalfica, of various species. 'I'hey are often term- ed (Mieumlier (leas on account of their pmaU size and leaninj'" nowers. Vi\' jrive an enlarged iigiire of one species as an example. ^Ir. Levi ll.vrth'tt de^crlii.'s his millinet frames as fullowp in the .V. Kn<)lmi(l Fan/trr, xtA. 12, j). .")!>."), co- pied in Fessonden's American Farmer, p. 91. "Take a atrip of pine board (about three-fourths of an in«h readers. It .-hould \,'c rememjjered by every far- mer in Pennsylvania, that this, the first exhil)!tii)n ever held under the auspices (d" the State, is liDkc*] forward to with great int(>rest by th<' fi iends of ;i.;ii. culture elsewhere. Active preparations aregi-inj; (,n in other States to provide articdes for exhibit iwii.— Will our own pe(^j)le stand back and be m(^ro specta- tors, or will they, with true State pride, put forth a strong and vigorous effort in bcdialf of the exhijiition? We hopt; ai.d bcdieve they will, and we ct)nfidentlj look forward to such a display as will reflect credit upon the State. IlArTKA STRIOLATA To TUB PeoTLE OF I^ENNSYl.V AM A : It will not b(> forgotten that tlu^ Statt^ Agricuitunil Society ()[ Pennsylvania has fixed liarrishurL^ :is 1I19 ]»iace, and tne ::,wt, L4Ui and L.nii ot i.)ct(.>lier n".\t m the tinn? for their A.\m al IIxuibition. TIhm-c is hi) State in the Pnion whose tdimate, soil and thehaliits of w}ios(» jxMipl" afford moreampn' resources t! Mniir own for a creditable exhibition of their skill an I in- dustry. Thei-e is noridng raised, grown or manufac- tured upuu the j;i.f' (if ih<' earth, whiidi is not muro or less interesting in the >tudv and scieni'O of A*'ri- m thickness is most suitablej eight or ten f>et in , eulture. 'I'he farmer, the Ik, iViculturist, the invontnr, length, and four or five inches in width — plow one j the n\eehanic, are all cordially and earnestly invited one edge of it with a^ar].enter's jdow or mat«di idain | \'' ^'"•'^.i-'l'/'l^' :\'i^' excited by the lu-casion ; and especially do wciii- — then work otl an e<|ual numher o sm e and handy-work and ireed through where yon want to drive yonr nails, as it is example we are so depend. 'Ut for all the d<'in''>tic not Po likolv to sfdit as .after it is sawed. The side ^''''''-''''l'^ ^'<" 1' <'• 1 " • , 1 ,, , . . , . , j Arrangements are now belnir made f)r '^nrle.Mn: pieces (deT(Ui Indies lnng—-tlie end !)nn'(>s ei'dit inches ! »i. . ,^ . 1 1 • i- . 1 . * '^ ' ' , the grounds, and providing separati' and sa. • n'accs long. They must be of this ])articular si/.e, because j for all arti(des whitdi shall be presented for exhibrien. ©no yard of millinet will just cover nine boxes; or a 1 All the canals and railways of the State wiil be open third of a yard will make three covers. After havin*'- nailed your boxes and divided 3*our millinet, have ■ome strips or tongues, as the carpiuitors call them. Press these with the e. rtunitr grooves, which fast'-ns tliem nundi cheaTxT and mor(> ! ^'^^' ^''*' display of their skill, tin; training Ci ;heir teams and the litness of their instruments expeditiously than small iniils. 1 niad.^ about twenty last season, \v\(\ thoy effectually stnured them fr, ., Iho yellow bug, and (by sinking the edges of them in the earth a little) from worms. But if they were of no use but to guard against insects, they would be worth having, as they keep off the cold winds, and greatly promot-c the growth of the vines in the early port of the season." Lard OAnnLis.— A correspondent of the Michigan Farmer, gives the following method of making can- dles of hog's Urd, whi(di he says prove of the best quality. Put all the bird, say enough for T) lbs. of To' .''L^*'* ^»"n nnnild th.MU Wliile Wi' a<1 dress this conmmnieati<.n to the poo- ple of our Sta'i\ it will not be understood that it is ■^signed to exc!ud<» tlie citizens ofOther States ; minli less to avoid \\w hom^rable competition which ilK^ir contributions may alfonb Now is tlu^ time to pn- pare. By direction uf the Executive Oommittee. FIlKDKUrcK WATTS, rresitlrnf i>f the Shite Ajriculinral Socidj/- Carlisl(\ May i:S, iSol. TuK disease whirh has so seriously affected tho orange groves of Florida, for several years ]):i^\., i» l^assmg away, and orange growers are again turning their atLcutiuu to this profitable (ailtivation. . , V..,. ........ ,M lu.ui. 'J'"RKf' ^re about one hundred and seventy inill^' in The hme punfics the grease and the acouafortis Uncaster county, and wheat enou^^h raised t.. ivc"!' tiiem all busy. umrr^trntmrntr** Co!uniummtion9. The Potato. Mr. KniTOR : — This plant is a native of Chili, S .nth Am 'rica, and was first describf^j by Clausius, a (i nil m botanist, of which there is a {)1ate among li:s rar(> plants. Sir Walter Raleigh fouiwl the In- dians cultivating it in \'irglnia, and he carried some (if the toilers homi^ to Kngland on his return from Ainerii'a in loSli. How it got from S(juth America to \'ir;rinia is not satisfactorily known. It is still f)Uii*l growing wild in its native localiii(\s, but the tubers are said to be small, and to possess an insipid tu^te. The Indians called tb(^m taratoiijlis, in Virgi- nia they were called opoiawk. The S])aniards calh'd them liuK'jl'i.s. The Spanish name now is Ili/dHns ; tile (J 'i-man DuKdnfoJJ'cI; and French Punimc dc ierr^. It belonj;s to the fifth cdass any Linnaais: Sohuunn csciilrii/iim,])\ Xecker: SohniiDn j>nn,iru/rii, by Molina; au'J Li/cojh'raiou/t tiiht rusum iiV IV Miller. Tli(Mneaning of Solanum is uncertain, hut it is an ancient name and there are about live !i iiiili(Ml well defirie(l species of this genera d<'seribfd. Ill" p"lato is evidently a Solanuni, as well as the vNliite and purple egg plants, the f\»rmer (d* which is called SiiUininn )nrl<>ntantlv being introdinaMl, whicdi is d(.ne by plant- ing s<-ed,s (dii.sen from the ripe potat*^ apples. The Ml rest and best way U) proceed is to spt loose around them and fr^N^ from weeds: when rij»e, the roots should b.. cautiously k(>pt from the frost. The signed the cause to an insect called Phyiocorxs, b'li others attributed it to over rip<' tubers. The remedy was found to be, to change the seed lor that from higher latitudes. In 1780, a disease called the rust, attacked the po- tato, similar to the rust in wheat. It raged in (jer many with great severity; an9 in Russia ; and in 1S40 in Bohemia. Some assigned the cause of this disease to the habit of cutting the seed into thin slices, others however assign it to the attacks of a fungi or p-'culiar species ()f mushroom. A healthy conditi(>u of the soil, and strong sound plant>^ were the best ])reventatives. In 1S21), a disease called the tdue r.-ff or blue tumor, made its appearance in Gernninv-, and spread through Saxony and the Upper Ilartz. "Blue spots and ris- ings are first observed on the skin of the tubers, af- terwards a dark colored texture similar to a rhizome- pha appears, which 8ur'>^iinds the tuber, penetrating even its interior, f(i)^owed by blue spots and streaks in the heart of it« substance.'' A mixture of saw dust with (hiug, it is said, was the cause of it. In \H40, an insect calle(l the J*/n/focoris lineolaris attacked the potato in some of the New England States, ahd about the same +ime the Aphis vastator in Europe, but they did not produce much mischief. next season the roots slu»uld })e i)lanted out in the! ^" lS4o, the existing murrain or potato rot made moll soil ..f the farm, and if i^roperly attended to ! ^^^ appearance in Prussia and in the United States; ' oin tliev uill arrive at their full shv and perfectii Tie j.Mato has many eiKunies. and from tii.ic t(, '!!».' has be,>n violently assailed with dis«vise and tlire;itene(l with extermination. In 177i>. in the principality of (ieottingen, a disease called the oirl mad(> its appearance on the stem and leaves of this plant; in 177'.' it ij.peared in Hanover; ii» 1780 in the British Lsles; in 1792 it threatened to < xterminate potatoes in England; and in 1800 it pre- sented the same disposition in Prussia. Some as- in 1811 in the south of Eur(»pe; and in 1845 it spread over nearly all the middle and north of Europe, to- tally destroying the whole crop in many places, and leaving famine behind it. It has spread more gener- ally and been more destru(^tive than any other dis- ease that has assailed this important vegetable. Nor does it seem to be confined to the potato alone ; in some districts tulij^s, hyacinths, carrots, onions, to- matoes, and in Jamaica, the yams and cocoa have suffere^ ■*;«,» pti.«.^ t^s-l 102 COMMCNICATIONS. r.Ti M.V C^a6/e cholerttj and inovrs with siii roba])ly escape tli<> rot. 1 faw a large ajnount of potat(jes opened this spring tliat had been packed away in 'Uuxd A/vz/.v," at oni; of our Curnaces, and they wei-e generally sound, while 80in<' that had hecMi stowed away in tin; usual manner entirely ixM-isluMl. 1 would suLTirest this idan: l(Li/ down (I litiji r (>/' pii/iifoi s, sli'/lilli/ cot'cr icltk fnw charcdu/, lln n diftlhcr lu}/' r cj' jiohtlocs (ind r/tarcodi, and [lii(.< J'oiiiL a heap, which iujr> r in /he ii.sual ir,'(i/. ^\\) l)a\e i-ea-(iii to believe that in a few years the disease will disappear, and we will .».• .i-am penau- ted to vnjoy the use ol this I'avorite escuh^nt. J. iM. M.MiNv. Unionville, Centre co., Po., .hmr, is.")!. Kemcdy for a Cow who snrks liersclf. Mr. Editor: — Hearing recently an effectual . ure for this inv(>terate lial.lt, and at the ^ame time a vei-y simple one, whiih has been tried in this vieinitvand found to answer completely, 1 M;nd it lor insertion in tlie Farm Jounial. Draw the cow np by m lialt.r t.. a r.'uee corner, or stall in the utable, ami insert in the same manner as a ring is put \u\n ., i,„irs nose, a round stick tiirough the cartilagv whh-h divides th.> nostril, (and which is (lui.-kly don<- by u singh- bl.»w with a mallet,) say about six inches lon^r, and h>t it remain, ft will oc- casion no in.-onvenirnc. to the c„w, and whenev(^r 8he attempts to suck hersen\ it will cause such a strain on the nose as to make her vl^sist instantly — The proper len-tii f .r the sti<-k to ext-..^ ,.[,.i, ^-^i^, of the nose, can better be toM uiinn triMi bo lengthened or shortened, as may h.- iV-uml neces- ary. To make it still mure effectual it mig],t i^,. ^)ointe(l at each end. The habit of sucking lierself in the cow, is (»ne al- Jhost inip..s.;il,h> t.. break by any eontrivanciM.f yokes x)T muzzles, and it is not dissimilar to intemperance nc^ss for her own milk, would often bo scored with deep cuts, and dro})s ol" Idood, but h\u) would still tr^t it. A stiff yoke on the neck was also triinl, which looked as if it wouhl entirely preycMit her turnihg In r head round. This also hurt her heep and was inci- fectual. Had this cow ])een cured of this haliit, Rhe wniiM now have ])een worth Sl'H). jb-r motlu;r was a most remarkable animal for (l(;e]) milking, and Ikt f )rnii r owner, before I pui'chased her, was said to have sent to market from her, 17 lbs. of luitter per week. vSho made with me nearly b") lbs. of butter a week, ongrasn alone. Edge Co})e, re*;iding al)out two miles fmni this plac(\ and whose statenu'nt can ])e entirely ro- bed upon, now owns a heifer from her, who niailo last season, when sin* was on trial and milked tliroo times a. day, 17 lbs. of butter in a week. The milk was weighed each time, instead of being measured, and rea(di(Ml about 7') ll»s. i)er day. He woi;rhod it hinisidl" to MVoiJ )nivt;il-<>s 'J'he simple recipe here given, and also one ly James (lowen in the first numher of the Farm Jour- nal, ofth'- hay rope in cases xA hoven, (and which i also tried and thereby saved the life of a durlniri >m11 w]ii( h cost me 5?550,) are stronij; illustration- ; the value of agricultural jouinal^', and are worth the price of many years' subscription. 1*ASC11ALL MORKIS. ]!resting alike toall— the education of Airmers' daugh- ters. Mujust tis good wi\.'s and daughters with no more . . education than enahled them to read their Bible ^Yhelmman sul.ec.. ^ i otal abstn.ence being th. ' and almanac, as if their intellectual training wore ou^y sa^^ty a tasto bemg once ad, self-control is such a^ every hn-mer's daughter should I., l^^es not r :.!;: ;:t ::,:: '•^''^'^r^'^''(^-■r•:^ '--^^^ -^^-^ ---t ^ contt^inng innuence over h. the celebrated McKlroy cow,) who made \i] Ihs. of butter in a week, and which 1 was obliged almost to give away on account of this habit. S1h> promised b) bo equal to her dam in butt(>r qu.alities, and many expedients were tried to break her, but incffectuall/ A stiff muzzle was put on her, well supplied with sharp spikes. Her uddor, so violent was' her fond- (dnld; and do not her teacdiings and example, in niu'^ cases out of ten, mould its future .diaracter? Many of the greatest and best men who have ever lived, at- tribute their virtues and greatness to the tender coun- sels of their mothers. Who among us, does not o^v much that is commenda)>io in our characters to the same source ? How frequently do wo hear the folly I! COMMl^XTCATTON.S. 103 ;ind wickedness of individuals attributed to the igno- ranee of their mothers? ]!'. then, so mucti d'^pends upon tln^ kind of teach- n(rs a nioihei- is capaide of imfnirting to her children, 1. tw iiiiiH»rtant -mm. ndalije; but at the same time it should not be f.>rgotten that his daughters have an equal claim upon his regard. It is, with me, a question, whicli (d" the *T0 — the education of tlie son or the daughter — is the !;i"^i inipuriafit. Ibit leaving this qu(\stion for the present, it is enough for us to know, that the pros- I'-'Hty ami Jiappin(>ss (.f the individual, the family luJ the nation, demand that wlwre it is praetiealde, :!ie blessings of education sh-iiM 1 xtendod to all. Almost every farmer who has given hi> sons a li- horal educati(-n is (-(^ivinced of its utility. If educa- citi' ii i> h.'neflcial to the son, why not to the daugh- f'T? Av>' her duties any h-ss im])ortant than his? — Has she not the moubling of the character of future 'generations? Should not the mother be compet(mt ■> mstruct her offspring in many of those branches ff^dneati.^n in which her gentle care and aff.H'ticm !!iake h.T the most fitting instructor? None but tli>s" wh'j have never known the inestimable value " 1 a kni'U''W tic >ubj'ect in future numbers of your valuable •' 'iniah slhuild you deem them of sufficient import- '^■^'■" tM ]. resent to your readers. Yours, *^"'" -'*• '^'l. Plow Boy. Xru AVATKFi rK.MENT.— Itis Said that avcrv stmiig and xalualde water cement has been made by (Jen. I'a-ley. of the Uritish army, ccmsisting merely of f.ur farts by weight of chalk and f]v,> <,r ],luo clay. Ac- ' 'I'ding to the experiments made to prove its strength, ''^ must possess <"Xtraordin:iry tenacity. T'- K.ir ]>re<(^rves, apply the white of an orrcr ^Itli ' Hi,;nl,l,. i.j.jjsh to a single thickness of white"tissuo '■4"^ ^^ith whicdi cover oyer the jars, overlai-ping Jl'c edges an \urh uv two. No tying is n^(piired.--^ The whole will l)ecome,when dry^ as tight as a drum. Good Advice. Do not begin farming by build- ii^R an expensive house, nor erecting a spacious barn, till you have something to store in it. The IJerkshirt; Agricultural Society. Mit. Kl)[T<)R:—A^hoey^r had occasion te (ra\(d north fiom benox, forty-five years ago, f uuel liimselj' on a highway, twice the width ed' ours, pur.-uing a straight line without regard to hills, and upon attaining an unn>nal elevati"n within a f u miles of rittsfield, the village in full sight, he might observe Ixdow him, at th(> right, a mansion-housn nf some pret«-nsion, in good architectural taner- ation. Among these were '• Parsi.n Allen," iamiliar- ly so callod, ot' li.'nnington hattle neanories; a rhap- lain, fimous alike in the desk and in the fudd — Dr. Timothy (diilds, eminent as a jdiysican and [xditi- cian, and tlu; father (d'some wIkj liave since attained to like eminence in the varied walks of life — VaA. Simon Lane, high sheriff of the county f )r many a long year, the same who afterwards commanr. l)arlinu;ton and Charb'H Miner took a loadinii, activo ])art, in promoting its estaljlislimiMit, and 'J'honias (m-M l.cini; the President of the Berkshire Association for tiio Btme object, ho wrote to liini to send ns an account of thoir (loin;_';s, witli sucli liints as nii;i;l»t occur t<» him. Enclosed is a copy of his reply, which as it contains a little history of '*Mc ^/ir,st Sucitf'/ in tlic world, which (vloptrd a ])rarficaJ coinsr, <(v'," vou may think it worth predentin;:; to your readers now. A Friend to A(;r!('U],ture. Mr. Miner: In answer to a request made at your instance, on hehalf of the ])ro])osed A^-ricultui-al So- ciety in this county, the cn(d..se.l coninumicalions have been received from 'Hionias (Johl, lvs({., of Pitts- tield, Mass., (me of iho, original pnnnotiM'^ and some- time President of tin; Bcrksliire Society. You will no doubt think tlios(^ passan;c.s of the *h>tt(;r whitdi have been mark.MJ, well worthy of publication, and calculated to promote tlu; obiect of n simil;ir m^jv;, ,<•;•. - lion 111 tins county. The writer is certainly entitl.'d to our best thanks, f )r the interest he lias expnvssed in our success, and Ibr the {»alns which he has taken to communicate his vi(!\VH. ^The ()(h' l>reathcs the pure spirit of pnetrv, and will no doubt grace a corner of your n.xt Parterre. Let the other papers, consistiii^ of the 15y-Laws of the Berkshire Society, Mr. (h.M's Addresses in 1817, and iSlS, proposals of premiums, <^c., remain in your office for the perusal of those who are inte- rcRted in the establislunent ol" such a Society hero. Is it not possible to raise twice the ([unnti'tv of pro- due(^ annually in Chester count v. U) \\\i-ii is now raised, and will not an An;iiruhural Society tend to effect this object? Who that compares our present products with what they wer<^ twenty years ai!;o, and recollects that they are \sii 11 (mic huiuired p,.'r cent. less than what is j.roduced in many parts of (u-cat Britain, will des])air of impro\ emeiit ? " TIh^ man who causes two blades of ^n-ass to n;row when* there was but one before, renders more service to mankind tlian all the statesmen and warriors that aris(« in a century." ^.^^,j, " I avail mys.df of the first leisnre to rom])lv with jour request, viz : to forward a copy of th.^ Constitu- tion of the Berkshire Association, witii sucii informa- tion as J may de.'m us.dul. 1 .mw cncU.sr vmu a co)>v of our by-laws, which is the li„nida!lon (if .„ir pro- ceedings. The Society was incorported in ISII The ar-t contains only a ^.>neral -rant of all ])owers reqni- eite to establish and carry on the Society. The by- laws contain i\u^ rules l,y Nvhidi the pow(.rs <;ranted are to be executed. These laws iwo subjcut to annu- al improvement, as experience and circumstances may ro(|uire— accordin-lywc havemade some small amen, i- ments.^' ••Your Society, no doubt, will conform its rcaila- tions to Its circumstances. It will be well, howeyer to avoid multiplicity of ro.r„huions, an measures and to Convince them of the utility ot" tie* results— in fact it should be a great occasion of excitenieiU — we (xu'upy two days industriously. "The most inijMirtant mrnins of prosperity in thoso associations arc; adequate^ funds. In the (Mrlv sta'-js of our socdety, we relied on subscriptions and MMv?i!r! contributions — these were prectarious. Three yoara ago our legislature; voted us .*>i2()() a year for tluvo years ; and a few months ago, th(>y ad(j])ted a penii.i- iieiit system for the encouragement and supjtort >f siudi societies, by wdiich each society may r(M'('i\v S()(IO y(»arly : provided tin* society or others, will place out on a permanent footing, a sum that will also produce SliOO a yar, or any less sum. The pl;ui was for the state to furnish a, moiety of the fiii.il^, the act l»y td»taining goo(l notes ol say $50 ea»li, Irom responsible men, hearing an interest of six j»-t cent, payahle yeaidy, whi(di constitutes our }M>nii:i- nent f"imd ; and so mmdi as this produces, th" stat" allows an equal sum. Tliis arrangement has placed us on a foundation that will enahle us to adoid some addititmal miaMirc>, promotive of our useful- ness. "This society, as j/ou rrmarl\ has :ittained t ; rnmdi distinction in our country. It was tlu^ first so ciety in the world, which adophMl a practical courso for exciting and bringing into action the jdiysicul nieans and (iiergies of the country and jM.pulatieii. 'Jdie plan was original, novel ; and at first w;..s doulit- ed. Time has remov(>d all doubt, and the good seii^o <»f our country has sanctione(i the great experiment. The success and extensivt,' usefulness of this Institu- tion is acknowleilgcd tlirough(ait lair country, aiil we have many wdio regard us with cordial gooil will. The Massa(diusetts society, though general and of long standing, never were able to extend tliemsidvoi beyond theories; they therefore honored us with tlio appidlation of " Parent Society." During tln^ pe.-io.l I was at tln^ head of the society, we furnrshed |)lnns and instructi^ms for nunnM-ous' associations not only in New Knghind, but New York, Connecticut, North and South (.'arolina and \'irginia. We prc^suiii', however, that the good sense of tlnvse sections of country hav(> made many, and \abia))le improvo- ments; the only merit we have is that our plan is practical and has succeecul"iar situation of tlio civilized world, teacdies us that we must ndy on our- selves ; our resoun-es arc^ e(pial to ev(>rv }iiirpos(\ b" our go\.'rnment will do their duty (dfect'ually we shall not long remain embarrassed. 'The efforts magree." An evidence of the progress of Agriculture, as a profession, is the fact that in almost every county in this State there is an A -ricultural Society. ik 1851.] COMMUNICATIONS. 105 Farmers' Clubs. Mk. Kiutor: — Su})posing the idea c»f establishing Farmers' Clubs in the townships to be approved, .some difficulty may occasionally be felt, at the outset, {Vnni inexperience in organizing associations. It may he said, "Yes; this might do, if we only had a fair fctart: hut how are we to begin?"' Allow me, if n<» hettt'i- plan Ijc deyiseii, to suggest the following, viz: There heingtwo or three farmers together,and talking ever this matter, let them agree to meet on the next Saturday, at 2 o'clock, at som<^ appointed plac<', and each, in the mean time, invite as many (.f his neighboring farmers as he may see tojointhemat the me(>ting, in order to form a clul). Sindi a mei^t- ing, at the time and place, being asseinlded, some one may he chosen as chairman who shall call th(^ meet- ing to order; then a secretary, and m-xt a committee may he appointed, the latter to report rules for form- ing and regulating a fanners' club. To assist in mat (»i)eraiion, i wouia lurtner su'>'<'"est ' ' Co the f)llowing form, that is to say: ARTICLES OF THE FARMERS' (1,1 11 OF TOW.VSiriP. 1. The Name of this association, shall be, "The Farmers' Club of ," and its object, the mutual improvement of its memhers in the business of Agri- culture. o L'. The ofHcers shall be a President, Secretary, and 1 reaMirer. The President shall preside at tlie m^'ctings of the '"liih, rrgiilate .lisriissions and de1)ates, put the (|UCS- Uons to vot(\ and announce the decisions. Ill'' Secretary shall k"ep nn-morandums of th." them to their particular causes; others, upon the }iror. ditigs, file and keep all |)a})ers intended U) Im) | same facts, might suppose the result could be differ- ])resery(>d, and take care of all books and other thiiic-s i ently accounted for, and in the comparison of ideas, AVitb respect to the advantages of smdi assoeiati'- a knowledge ()f the best and most successful niidc^s of farming, re- form slovenly and wasteful ]U-actice, and increase the prolits of agricultural indii-iry. We imitate what we see others do in our line, il' wt; find that ii is bet- ter and more profitable, than wc; have hern accus- tometl to do ourselves; for all men seek their own advantage, by th" law whi( h obliges all to pursue their hap[»iness. It is want of true kiujw ledge alone, that causes so muidi error in this pursuit. But no means of knowdedg*? are more j>ositiye and sure, than an interchange of uselu' ideas, and the conimunica- tion ol authentic facts in ih ' ai'tual business of life. This advantage would necessailly rtisult fVoni the meetings of the clul). The Itest farmer in the neigh- borhood would be a ]«atUu'n fir all the rest, vyho would gradually and spe-dily rise towards his level. l'(U' whatever variety of gia'.n he uses, or iniprt.ved f"arming imphunents, manures, or methods of cultiva- tion, his superior su<'cess would rec«*minen(i to their reatly ad ption. It would only be necessary, that they should be known and exphiined. This is the natural and rational effect of example; no theoreti- cal argument is so influential. P)Ui The ben','iit Would Hot he c..nfined to the m^rc follow iir- of a ixood example. Tiu; staiein 'nt «)f" the facts, Would lead to conjectures, reasonings, discus- siiuis, and tln^ formation of" judgments. A farmer speaking of the work of an improved ]dow, or drill macdiine, or any new nieli;od (.f jdanting, oil, would naiurally state how, in his opinion, the eff'cts were ])r(;duced, tracin b(donging to the club. it would soon be discovered how much the progress The Treasurer shall receive the contributions of '"^^^^^ improvement of agriculture depend upon the the members, j)ay out, on the order of the President, and keep an account of the receipts and disburse- ments for the inspection of tln^ club. fhe sauK^ ]>erson may bo elected Secretary and 1 re;isurer. There shall be an annual -jlection of the officers. ?>. As soon as these arti(d«^s are adopt(Ml, the Club shall proceed to elect by a majority of votes, a Presi- y the <'!ub, shall govern the same until alt«>ro,l or repealed. •■>■ The Hy-Laws shall pnvM-rihe the time and pl.ice "rm.-ting. the terms of admhssion of new no mhers, til" till!., and modeofch>cting the officers, regulations f.r conducting the proceedings of the club, and other matters conducive to its prosperity. ^ They may be amended or changed on such condi- tions, as the Club may determine.' activity «d" the intellect and mental training. As the desire of knowledge is increased by its ac((uisition, the meetings of tin; clubs would greatly promote both. They would bring to the notice and considerati(»n of the meml.ters a large amount of usr-ful jiractical facts, and habituating them to rcjiNon upon tho-e facts as well as a|>ply them to tlieir business, would lead them to make new applications and improvenn nts, and thus assist in the in'o^jrcss and onward inarch of agricul- ture. Nor is it to be suj^posfMl, that when a (dub sluaild bec(»me possessed of all the positi\ e knowledge uf the town^hip in regard to the husiness of farming, it ■VNould remain satisfied with that advantage. Nothing would be n-.ore natural, than the disposition to look further, and inquire afl r the inquovcments of neigh- boring townships; anI . (M^MMCNKWTIOXS 107 m knowlodge "^rowin*; by wliat li Ifcds on," wi.uld thuH impel our clubs to a species of HclfHMlucatioii ])y inducing the members to observe, imjuirr, and think; and the inestimalde aid of agricultural journals and treatises, would be eagerly sought and eniplovcMl. They would begin to sec how much they had lost by neglecting hitherto themonn^ of ini|in)Voni»'nt now laid before them in the pages cf tlio^c works; and their regret would not be fruitless, 'riic Imii;- winter evenings at liome, would lie nmsi ]>r(.lital)lY spent in cxaniinin;r nud stu-lvint:; th<'ir (-(mtents; and the con- (dnsi(.ii wi.iild \»' ri adily attained, that it is now their dut3 in do that Ini- their sons, wdTudi they cannot but wish hnd been (hme for themselves. Ke(l(M'ting how nnirli they iui;:;ht |m' how advanced, l.v havinjr been well educaf.MJ :,t their start in life, they ^^[]\ cdearly perceive that it would he h.tter to o-ive those who are to succeed them, a good education even Avith some- thing less of property, to begin with, than leave them to struggle Avith the world, purblind and d(>stitute of the labor-saving helps of science. One of the most chceriiiLi: residfs (.f th(» proposed clubs, would therefore be, t.> make (,ur imriciiitnrists efficient patrons of liberal elu.atinu. The time is coming when the highest course of instruction will not be considered as useful and proptM-, exclu.si\ely, to what has hitherto beiMi i.rmcd the learned profes- sions, but will be as manifestly advantageous tootln-r callings, and especially to th<' honoral)l(M(H'ation of a cultivator of the soil. Ouv \nun-- men will then. upon the completion of their aca^lemical or collegiate course, return to tlndr homes with tli(> intenti,!ii of engaging in whatever pursuit may appear to afford them the best prospect of success' in life, conscious that they have qnnlitied themscKcs t<. rea(di its lofti- est attainmcm.s, an.l that real Imnor consists not so much in the fnct of a man's being .d' this or that pro- fession, a^ in the su]MM-ior e.xcell(Mice wd.ieh he can achieve in the bunness or calling he mav have adopted. Hut wduit avocation can be more intrinsically hon- orable, than that which isconcen,. .1 in snbdui'n.- the earth to the uses of men, in reclaiming the wilder- ness, and substituting the life-sustainin- harvest, and golden fruits of fields nud orchards for our primeval forests and wide exten-h-d prairi.^s. and in renovatitn^ the worn out soils of our earlier settlements? When tlic pen of history shall be guided by the lumi of tr,nh more real glory will be ascribed tothis cnnt rv fbr her generous sympathy in supplying abundanth. .is sh,- dul in 1847 from the exuberant products uf her a-ri- culture, food to the famishing millions of Eur.me than for all the splendid triumphs of b,,- ,,,us on tin" plains of Mexico and the acquisition of the -m.jd. n Bands" of California. The time isat hand, when the opinion of the English sage will no longer be deemed extravagant, - That whoever could make two ears of corn or two blades of grass grow upon a spot of ground, where only one grew before, would deserve better of mankind and do more essential service to his country, than the wludo race of politicians put together.'^ A. L. 11. JM/icaslcr, June U, 1851. On the Cucumber Bug; /// a hitcr atblnssrd h> (hr Kilitor, hy ./. ,9'. K^JJrr^ of Oru'lijslnir'j, I'd. Enclosed I send you two bugs, a mab' rmd female, with provisi(m to keep them alive till tiny arriv<> in your office. This insect is of vast injury to the farm- ers, especially to those who arc engaged in raisini^ watermelons and cucumbers. It attacks [ho ttaider plants as soon as they are out of tln^ ground, and continues on for several weeks. When approached in a warm day, it flies away, if not taken and killed immediat(dy. In co(d weather it droj)s off when the }»lant is toucdied, and remains motionle-s for a rpprr, i>hi.sf,r,Jlu}ir of sfdp/nir, and rhirhn dn.wj, (the latter having her.-tofore l)een consid,.re.l a good remedy,) and all avaihnl notliing. 1 kille.j thousands with niy han-b and that is the oidy rem. dv I iouiid to stop th.ir ravages. Wjiore this bug deposits its eggs 1 am nid abh; to sav. Any pers(»n diseovering a remedy either to linally, and adojU By-Laws. June ^dlh, iSol. The WAV to uk n.^-i'v.— Some think it a Imrdship to work for their bread, although for our good it was meant: ])ut those wdio don't work have no right to be f'd, and the idle are never content. An b.uiest em- pImn meni brin:;s pleasinv and gain, and makes uh our troubl(«s forget; lor those who work hard hav.Mio time to com])lain, and 'tis b(>tter to labor than frf>t. And if we had riclu>s, they re.uld not procure, a happy and peac.-ful mind: rich people have troubh> ;,> wll as (iie p.M.r, although of a different kind. It si-nl- lies not what .mr stations ba\e been, n-i- wlu^ther we're little or great: for happiness \ws in the t. mpcr within, and not in tlu^ outward estate. We oul v need hihor as well .as w(^ can for all that our bodies may n-'-l. Mil! doing our .luty toCxl and Lu man, and we shall be ha].py indeed.— ^eZtt/t J. True.— A Western writer thinks that if the proper way to spelU/io is "though," aie "eight," and ho " beau," the proper way to spell " potatoes" is^ww^A- icujliUaux, rvir. Kiissel's Tiojcct of an Agricultural rolle^c, Mr. KniToR : 1 have read with pleasure tht^ artieh^s ill the Journal, upon the subject of Agriiailtural Schools and I'idueatlon, written by Dr. Klwyn, .Mr. Gowen, and Mr. (Jarljcr. The able report of the Sujterlntendent of Common Schools, has awakeneil a?i interest to the subject tlirougleait the Commonwealth, whi(di though it may have biM'u felt by indiviiluals, did not before reach the public (^ye, tin.' [)uldi«; ear, tin* j)ublic heart. I have not failchi- losoiibv and sur\e\ iiej'. 1 am thankl'ul r..r what has Imcu th'Ue, and not disposed to r* jdne over what has n.»t yet In'on accomplished, liut I am digressing. I pro]>ose to each member of the Slate Society, that we caia-y out the spirit of the resolutirm unnnineii;-ly adopted bv the convention i-ecommending agricultu- ral education, l-v takintr with us t(t the Ste.te exhibi- tion in October, a. short memorial t<.> the Lenrishunr-^ prepare(l for signature^ and then have our friends siLin, askiui!" for a eollejxc to bt> endowcMl bv the State, as recommended by Mr. Mussel. Such an array of names, and smdi ai^ influence will not b«' disregarvled by the Legislature. I ]>ro]M)se further to eacdi mem1)er of tie- C'lmly Societies throU'j:hout the commonwealth, that we call J ^ subjeet a t(\xt, that will be used until Pennsvlva- ' "^''''^'"^"'^ — di in Cennsvlva- nia. The system entailed taxation -taxation in town and towmship — it met with opposition — its {.rinlic mind was e!!lighten<'d — i opposition ceased, and we now exceed in provision! h>r c.anuion stdiool instiaiction, every countrv in Ku- j r.pe, except it be Prussia. So I trust that it will! bo with our agri<*ultural S( hoofs — tbat a general s\s- tem will 1)0 established, an.l that it will be the pride of every farmer to have his s^ns taught the '• princi sentatives and senator- to evert their iiilbi^'nee lU fa- v«)r of an agi'itadtural college. The c(dleM-e, nm^t ]>ree(M|e conniK'U jwepared f'l- imparling knowledge in this branch of science in common school-, a- tle'V a!-.' ib'W prepared in bi-.-b schools and c'.lb :-.'S and sent fijrtli by the bundr«'d to givo instruction in the oi-dinarv studies ..f Kngli^h pud <-lassical «M|ueation. Th(} Le"-islature lu-omntlv and liberalK f'^pondod to the call f)r aid bv the State Socleix, madtj at a late dav of the session. Eor the priai'p'ic'-^- wdh which our memorial was answered w-' ai-e nnie'i ;ii- theorv and its j)raetice" — and I that it shall not be sai.l n( {ho next generation, that j pl^'=^^»>^'*" ''^ acknowledging thus publicly our indebt- the business of farmingis left t., those who "only talk *"^"'"- ^^^'^^^ '^'1'^^'^ promptness the Le^^i-b.ture • o- of oxen." I spondeil to the call of the State Society f.r tiie publi- cation (»f Prof. IbiLiiers' jreidotrical survcv. ~ ri CJ %f iMu(di complaint is made of th<^ incompetenev of t^aclH'rs, and I find friend (Jarb(>r is lounlv The a^irrieiilt urists compose two-tbii'd.s Mf ib'' papu- lation of our State. By conct'rt of action tbrou;ih our State and cunty siH-ieties we can bring such an ar- ray of inliucnce as will be irresistible. Much has been done, ntid verv ]»roperlv and ]iri»fitab|y for the endowment t»f colle«j:es for th(> benefit oi tb'- learre-d profe»ions — let there now be a very libcial a}>])ro- iu'iati(»n toward carrying out Mr. Kussel's prnjeci of an agricultural college. Let us ask f'-r something (b'finite, and if in the wi>dom •' ''^i' "< iiicmpelent teachers is bein-r ranidlv , /. .• . .i i i . ^^ . , , I , ' ,. '"^ rai)iai\ ^,, ^j^^. wants (d the farmer, to them be the prai.se. A. O. HiF-ir-.K. Ksfhrrfr.n. June, 1851. c.>rrected. 1 have been a director myself, wdth the excei)tion of a short period, jbr the bist tw.-lve years, "id 1 am proud of the -•jv-a impi-o\ eni^ot in disci- l''"' ' '" ''"■ depMrtmeiiL of tb.e chihlreii, and i». the! - onlar-. nient of the branches taught. In schools, Thr wash of the drain from a farm house when well mixed with loam, is excellent manure. Loam will soon neutralise all the foul effluvia arising from the putrid waters. where but a few years ago, the very first rudiments— tlio ABC were taught, I had the gratification on my last visit, of hearing large classes declaim with credit 108 (M)MMUNICATIONS. [Jl'I.Y, IBM.] COMMUNICATIONS. 109 •hW^ Mt>-Ar> WMMIiiiMfo^— ■i Sketch of (lie history of Citad.i scpteiKUciin, BY D. W. UAIITMAN, AI . D., OF \V£.ST ClILSTtK, I'A. [Read before the Chester Co. UorlicuUural Socklij.] The uauul period Iiavin/^ arrived for the visltiition of the Cicada septendeeiin, comnioiily called the sev- enteen year locust, I deeui :i lew remarkH rclaiivr tv> their economy appropriate oa tiie present occasion. Tho common n;nn(^ (.f IcxMist was ^iven to this in- sect i'roni the circumstanc(M>l' their ajipcarin^ in lai-j^c swarms jx'riodically, like tlic locusts of eastern coun- tries. Tills name, iiowcNcr, is an error. The locust of easleru c«»unui<'s Ix'In;; what we term here agrass- iiopper. Tliat the locusts spoken of in scripture, (wliicli to this da} arc the curse of eastern countries,) were not like the insect uinh'r consideration, is read- ily proven irom tln! ac'Maint ;^i\cn cf tliem. They are represented as "devouring vscvy green thing," and to be able to accomplish this they must he pro- vided with jaws as the true locusts or grasshoppers are, while our insect possesses it nun.sn uxm or .sucKcr, and takes its m>urislnn ni ]irincipally while in the larva state under ground, 'f he vulgar name of har- vest fly is more ajijuupriate to this insect fV(.m the fact that most of the siteeies in the United States be- longing to tlie genus Cicada appear about the iIuh of harvest. The Locusta proper, or grasshopper, ]jc- longs to a different order, and has cpiite a dillercnt structure. A\ e ha\e several other indigenous spe- cies, only two of which, however, are connnon to this vicinity, C. caniciduris, and V\ j.ruiiu^.^n, hctli of which appear later in the season than the septende- cim. The insects of the order II, niipiera (to \\hicli ('lea- da belongs) live by sncdun only, and for this end they are p:w\h|.-,l with a haustcllum or sucker thro* ^vI'i(•ll il.,-y imbibe the juices of animals and plants. The bethbug, srnmsli-bug, plant li.-e or Aphld>-s and the Coccides or bark lice arc familiar examples of this order. The trivial name septen^leiini ai.propriately refers to the periods of their visit, A\hich is once every sev- enteen years, and although this is the reguhu- period for their return, circumstances mav retard m- accele- rate their progress to maturity. I noticed the song ofoneor two individuals last year, that from some cause or other anticipated the usual linie. and oth.-rs have occasionally observed a few individuals the year following the regular period. Tlioagh they appear but onee in seventeen y(\ars within certain circum.scribed ]\xm\>, yet from ihe pub- lished accounts of those who have writt(m on th.> Bubject, they arc found within some pans of tlie United States every year, observing, however, (with the exceptions before mentioned) their regular \■^^s of periodicity. In some districts of country nei-h- bonng swarms overlap, and in such places they ap- pear once every eight or nine years respectively — At the j)resent time if you dig a few Inches beneath the suifaee of the soil, particularly beneath larw trees, you will com(» u{)on their chamlxTs, which are from six to twelve inches long, and hvo-elghths of an inch in diameter. The sides and to])s of these cham- bers are covered with a varnish by the insect, which renders it water jiroof During warm, jileasant weather they ascend to the top of the chaniln )•, hat retire to the Itottom on the least appearance; of coM or rain, and as the period f )r their final transforma- tion arrives, they ascend nearer the surface, whore they can enjoy the b'^nefit of light and air. The time having arrived in which the}' are to as- sume the wing-ed state, they leave the ground, and crawling up the trunks of trees and other ol jects whi( h may happen in their way, they cast off the shell enclosing the chrysalis, which is often left stick- ing by the claws to the place where the change oc- curred. The process of casting tlie skin of th" chry- salis is usually accomplished t(.»wards day or early iii I the mo.i.li.^. Their bodies and wings after this are j f )r a time moist and soft. If performed late in tin (lav, the wings would become dry bef )rc» th<^y cr flight. The same circumstances influence the period "t" jnetaniorphosis of many other insects, j)articularly those kinds possessing wings of a delicate textnr.\ as Neuroptera (dragon-flies), Diptera (flit's) and L'^pi- do])tera (butterflies). The usual time of their ap- }>earance when In the winged state is about th<^ 2t>th of May, but it depends in a great measure up.»n the season, being a few days earlier If the spring is for- ward and the weather warm, and later if c<»ld find wet. In the south they aj»p(^ar as early as Fcbiaiary and March, while in the eastern States they do not appear until June. Noi th of forty-four degrees lati- tude the Cicada septend(?cim have not been found. In about two weeks from the time they first make their appearance, they will all have assumed the winged state; and from this time until the latter entl of dune or begining of July they are engaged in pru- viding for a continuance of their species. Sliovild any of our horticultural friends possess any favruite tiees or shrubs, this will lie the period to sec that tln^y are protected Irom the attacks of the female Cicada, who, in her instinctive desire to continue her species, deposits her eggs alike on all tree< or siirubs, except pines or other trees cnntaining iurpeutine.— For snuill trees and shrubs a coveian;-- ol' millinet is reconuneiid. (1 ; \Nuiild not a coating of thick white- wash, applied with a small brush, to the \\\)\)vv sur- face (»f the smaller limbs and shoots answ(>r eipially a^ well, or what ptn-haps would prove more offensive to the insect, a coating of coal tar or whale oil s^ap? The smaller limbs and young shoots are preferred by the parent insect, as some su'opose, on account of her grasping these more readily by her legs, which ena- bles her to make great pressure upon the point of tlie ..\ipositor iind thus hicilitate tin? o|)eration of |^e- doubt as to the causeofthedisea.se. The larvie Weru netratitej,' the bark or sap wood. A more plausible emdosed in a compact cell of eaith, with no outlet reason f-r their choosing the smaller branches and except that in immediate contact with the root, and nir shoots, is to be found in the fact that they are as there wor^. no galleries or Imles h adingfrom these cells, 1 infer that the grubs never leave the roots they first fasten on, which may ae(H»nnt for the great dif- you more tender and afford less rosited are always made in the direction of the fereuc^ of si/e. the small ones being starved speci- filires of the wood and generally penetrate some depth mens of the sann^ brood." into the sap wood, thereby injuring, if not killing the On a sub>e.|Uero pos'^'-ss pttisonous properties tending to the same re- sult. taken along with several hundred others fV(.!n tho roots of another pear tr(V' that was examinei], h :i\ing The grooves arc made by a curious Instrument ^'""'^ ^''^ t^^^- "^^♦'i''^"^''' that many failures of a fruit Con«.^iiug of three pie-cs, the centre one of which is ^^ee to produce a crop may justly b- attribute,! to tho fix'd in the bark and remains stationary, while tlu- P^''^''^^^^'' ^>^ the larva of this inartake of the nature .)f the rasp j fitdure every other year of the crops of sh«-Hbarks and auil saw. are altermitely thrust up and down into the ■wo.mJ in an obb"([ue direction, detaching snuill fil.*res whieh ad'oi'd a kind of protection or cov<»ring to the og^> when deposited. The eggs are deposited in these grooves in pairs, ob!i(piely, and from tt n to cbesnuts mav be the result of a similar cans,". Theso ins(u-ts ar(» subjhv U'i»«m\ ♦Ix-tu in clic.'V TF.nrv; .i)-/! ^ nry fbnd of them, and vou mav se(> tie in (la;i\ twriiinir up the ground in the s^sua !i fu' the (diry-^alis. llirds operation is repeated in the adjoiniii- liinlhs i#til :^^^*' P^^'^^^ry of all kinds destroy \ ,-4 n.;mb.T> of theni twenty ejgs may usutilly b<' found in a ero(»v ". This four (»r five hundred eggs are depositiMl by the parent, after which they soon langui>h and tlie. Three or f air weeks after the eggs are deposited in th',' hranthes, tin y will 1)0 rc^idy to hatcdi, and th«>v are -,() tran>parent that by means of a good glass the fona of thi; includiHl insect can Ijc readily seen. Tlu; j'oung iu'-eet as soon as It esca|)es frt)m the Of:i:^, is in all stages, from the (\ug to the perfect insect. Tho various insectivorous animal- as the skunk, pos;,um, shrews, and moles, also f.rd upon tlcm. M:<^ ^lor- ris found numerous burrows maf the smallest ant. 1 heir instinct | ^ ., . , . ,, , soon prompts tluan to rea knowled(re were fouml on one root a yard long and one inch m dnimeter. They w«!re found on all tin; roots that grew dt p T than six incdies below the surface. Tln^ roots were unhealthy and bore the appearance of ex- tern,il injury (i-,,,,! small punctures. On removing t«e outer bark tlna appearance increa^ied, leaving uo- bute thi'lr share in the destruction of lli" e1. THE HORSE. J 1 I w THE horsl:. A.V ESSAY ON Till: EXTERNAL FORMATION OR STRUCTURE OF THE HORSE, AND ON THE DISORDERS ORIGINATING THEREIN. [ Continued from imgc 78.] Of all points of a horso, the Hhouldor, for a hack- nov, C)r a liunt(^r, is of the utmost cons(!(i|uence; with- out a I'ihs hv nranv powir- ment is j»;reatcr in pi'oj>..rtion as ihey are more dh- lirpiely plac(!d a;i;ainst the si shoulder is most advantageous for motion. Agaiti, the best hiKuild'Totl horses have, generally, thin withers: Itut this is not indispensably nec(^ssary to the formation of a good shouhh'r, ior we know som(\ and p)od judges, who are (»f a contrary o])inio!i. "\\'e nmst confess, howtn'or, for oiir own jiart. ilci \V(^ ]iref"i- fine withers, 'fhe thickness of tlie wiihi-rs \vill d"- pond on the confornnition of the diot and obli(jniiv n the witli- ors, (ami we nmst take care tliat liiis I.e no illusicn. ju'odnced b\ placing his fori* legs upon rising ground, ) and that no iractes of his )>lado-bone can be sc(mi un- der ih" >kin, but all appears smooth and le\el, we may conclude that the sic adder is i)blioue: thouiih a more direct proof is furnished us by carrying the oyo from the summit of the withers to the exti-cmity of the pi.inL oi" the shouhlors. If it is upright, or nearly so, unless it Ix^ in a thorough-bred hoi-se, (such a sli miller is ()rdy lit for the collar,) we shall percelvo an irregularity undei- the skin, just Ijelow the with- ers, by passing our hand over tin; part, and lind, en gras]>ing the part, that if is thick and (dumsy, he- cause we are actually at the time grasping the bhido- b(3ne as well as withor-bom': though (as before ob- served) thesi! may Ik; thick from th(i construction of the (diest. A lean shoulder is one having thin withers, cover- ed with iin(; and gonuiiu' nms(d(v, a loadeii fast runners on the turf with bad shoulders, is no proof that they would not have galloped better an-! (piickor with goftd ones; and we must recollect that in a racer the hind (piarters are of ])rimary import- ance, the fore ut, on the road, we know that bad-slu)uldcr(!(l horses are never pleasant nor safe hackneys; they sop MKMi, are [umuiin;j: waiKcrs, roii aitout in liicir ti'(»t, and are exceedingly likcdy to g ^ to prayers. 'i'he tore-leg vlinuld descend in a si.aight line fn)m the boiioni of their shouldei", i. e, in a I.aoral \\v\s\ but when seen in front, it ought to incdine gontiv in- ward. If the elbow projects gently backward, and the toe points with precision forward, we may rest satisfied that the horse is not twisted in his fore leg.s. Turning the toe in or out in standing is a{)t to to acctinipanied with distortion, or (hdbrmity of th(^ linih. This circumstance, ther(dbr(\ is s(ddom s(>en without mat"rially lessening the valm^ (d"an animal. Oi' the two faults, turning them cait is the greater, ior tl.. pointing inward is seldom ean'ied to the <'Xtreme. A good arm i^ broail ami thick, long, when comiKired to the leg, and n)arke of this nev(M" hap]i(Mis. — To (jue who has dissected shoulders, these are cer- tainly home-thrusts; such, at least, as we could not parry; thou";h we know that these bones may and do. lik(» those ot most others, vary in din'oiont horses. — But they also vary in their degrees of imdination: and may not this circumstance alone, in som(\ m<>a- sure, etfect the constru(d.ion (d'it? At all events, we know these facts, dray or cart horses have wide chests and thick shoulders; others with wide chests have thick shoulders, but with narrow chests thin, uidess the scapuLo bo upri;iht. Now, if tlwiy who diiier with us, mean to assert that all this arises sohdy from the length of the dorsal spines, wc can only eay, credai judcvus appclla. ei's riu' knees ought to be large, broad in front, arnl disfinctly marked with several bony knobs; lateral thi<*km'ss is, also, of inuidi im|>ortance. Wlien the radius, (tlu; bom* (d* the arm,) instead of descendiii;^; in a straight lin(\ is dir(H't(Ml backward, so that the knee appears to recede from it, the horse is said (') be calf-kne(Ml, a term that w(dl conveys the id<'a wc have (d" this foi-niation : it is always objectionabh; for the saddle, l»ut not for the ccdlar. The leg should liiil in exactly p' rpendicular iVom the carcass, and l'«' short when compare*! with the arm, tln^ converse ^^^ this bt^ing indicative (d' weakness; and of sufficient bn^adth to (Miabh; a puridiaser, even at a distance, io distinguish the tendons and bone, with perfect clcar- iK^ss, in their relative situations; for, if he cannot do tins, there is rc^ason for suspecting that Ikms gununy, the effci't of hard work or prenniture use, and n(Hcr a natural didect. Shoidd the h^gs be round and straight Indow, tln^y are called stilty, and are ne\''r lirm ami goiMl. But tin* best and oidy correcd v.i'V to jndgf* ol' legs, is to pass the hand down thens: d they moasuri; nundi round, and (In* sinews feed fiini. hard, ami distinct, like well-braced cords, and ii" (h«' intervening spaces between bone and sinew Ix; i lean — free iVom gum wc may |)ronouji«'(5 that they arc good. The fetlock, as a joint, should be of largo dimen- sions, proportionate with other parts; nc» joint, in fact, is too large, providing the Ijony promim'uces be (listinctly seen witli the nake*! eye, and its liga- ments perceptible umier our ilng-'is. 1 imnmI in^t, thert^fore, farther enforce this truth in sp<'aking of these organs. Kmu'kling over in the f-tlocks is a wall of the h(»oi', which shouhi, at ail times, be per- fectly smooth ami IVee from ridge-s, (the contrary in- dicating ilisease,) may be very (ddique, in whi( h'case it is not only cir(Mdar, but sprejids out, even to a morbid degive, in the tr-ad. ' barge, heavy horses, such as are bred in f.w, marshy situatitjiis, are most sign of original malibrnnition, such as uprightness in j subjt'ct to have this kind (d" i ."-t, in which ])arts of the pasterns, or (dse is the result of hard work; ami the country it is prtderred by many people, who con- the t«»ttering afrection of the Innb, accompanying this | tend that their hunters bee •oiue As eon- bility in tin; nervous system. The pasterns always | tracted, so is this Mibjeet to a disease called ileshy deserve much of our attention; when g.MMi, their j, soles ; inde.d, in th>- fm-ne-r, the ,m,1(ms , ..ncavo : ],ut length is proportionate Avith that (d" other parts, and in the latter it is ilat, on whieh account lIi.mwo rc- they ineliiie, with much obli(piity, downward and firwai-tl to the i'oot, should they apj»roach the perrten- dieular, they are almost always short, and are said to be straight or upright; but when they a})})roxinmt(! to t!i'> horizontal, they are long, and called, though erroneotrdy, obli(pie; for they are not so obbupudy phn-'d, under these circumstances, with regard to the leg, as they are when proj)erly constructed. Perhaps no ])art t; but. like that oi" many otlnu- ]»arts, no j.articnli'r eon-^truction of it is the best I'or all kinds of horses, 'i'hat oi' the cart-horse should l)o (drcular, broad in ilie bosom, and lariiM; in the girth; that of the ihoi mu_. li-l,red moiv, nioi .. in regard to the adaptation of it, in ])oint of | circumscribed, but not llat-sided, v ry deen and aUo striieiure, to thejmrpose lor which th.Miniimil was | ,>xtonsive in the .irth; so that th.' two diiha- nu re designed, than this: in the racer, for (\xampde, tin pa->ienis are lengthy, and imdine to right angles with the legs, whereby more weight is imposed upon the hinder parts of th<> ietlock and hoof, in wdiich situa- tions are placed pieces of moc hanism whi(di by tlndr elasticity serve as so many s|)rin;rs in diminishin'»- the ettects of comaission so re.piisite in this aninnil, which was intiMided to ]MMlo;-m swiit ami sudden movements; but in the cart-horse, whose action is slow and powcud'ul, the past<'rns are short and m^arlv upright. So that mi)st (d" the weight is thrown upon the main b.n s oi' the foot, anry short and upi'i'^lit in th"se joints, they are stddom or never sure- footed, and will soon become stilty and groggy from Work. J he h(!of next engages our notice, and this is a part (A whicli we should be more than «;onnnonly scrupulous and luce in our insi)ecti«)n: " No foot, no ne»rse, is a (rite but very true adage, anrnmtion, but is often a cha- racteristic of disease: but a small and upright foot is a morbid structure, and is .searc.dy (>ver se<.n in any one l.nt a (lancmg-mastor, or liiht-timbered tit.— White hoo s are t<> be eyed' by n ir rowness at the heels? A good Ic'.of is circulai in the tread, or nearly so, measuring as mmdi from si(h> to Mde as Irom toe to heel; but we fre^pnuitly fimi those that are morbid measuring as mmdi fVom'toe to heel *«i twice the lateral diameter. On the other hand, tho oth 0 in width than in doj^th. Had the racer jio>>(>>r.! a broa iar apait, ano n* iiorse so made can galh.j* widl or i"ast. thougli man^\ -mdi are iddden as hackneys; they are a]i( to have a ioliiii"- gait, and an awkward mode of going altogotl:.!-. p.-r- ceptible at all tinn^s to the connai •ur in hor-. -jie>h ; but ^\\^ must be cartful, evin in (dioosing racers, not to run intt) tlie other extreme ; for, it" both legs come out of one hole, or he be flat-sid«'d, he cannot endure mmdi fatigu(\ is very probably a ba.I feeder, and cer- tainly |u-edisposed to disease of iho cdi^st. A full and prominent bosom is a fine poiet • .j,,,i jp,, y\\^^ should stand (uit with sufhident ( iir\-' i-i alfoid spacti r'uough within; f)r whieli reason, s .nie, aswt; bel'ore ren^.irkt and loins. A narrow-carcassed horse can m-vor do much work, readily loses his condition, and with diiViculty recov- ers it, being M^ry crln(;]>;i1 ohjoct of purstiit witli tlic (Jalloway faimor. Th.; .-nil and fac«» ui' the country are a kept in the richer soils to produce milk, butter, ami cheese for the families; but it is found the mor<5 pro- fitable to l)ree(l and rear the cattle upon tin* inferior : huids, and afterwards (o W'cd them npon the llin r ' grour.d and l!i" ritdi old pastures. Tliei-e wouM h.; j no objection to this if tli" (Jalloway farmers woiiM , afford their young stock a liith^ slc.dier from tlKMU'iv- ing blasts of \\ inter. I The regular Galloway breeders rarely sfdl any of their calves f>r veal; whiidi is obtained otdy from those who keep cows for su[)plying the villagers with milk, and from the few dairy farms where cows ara , kept for making cheese. — Yvaalt cl' Martin on Calllc. GALLOWAY OX IN GOOD CONDITIOX. Lahv.v. ok tuk i.o( i>r and frtit trees. — A gentle- man wlut had sovc-al fruit trees in a declinin*' condi- tion at tlKMinie of Miss Mmi-vis' annoum ,ni(-nt of the discovery of the i'.ict that the larvao of the locust at- lAoh then»si-lv. ,^ i)(>rmanentlv to the roots of trees, inform.s us, that he waited upon that lady, believing the sitdvly condition of his trei^s to proceed from these insects. A conv^ isation with Miss M. satisfied him of til 0 correctness of his impression. Instead of dig ging around the roots and detac hing the lar a\ he, in in the fail of tiie y<'ar, bored a half iuidi auger hob' in the body of v.u-h tree to a depth of two (>r tliree inches, ^\hieh he fdh^d with the flour of sulphur and plugged shut. The highly flourishing condition of his trees the following spring, convinced him tliat he had effectually removed the cause of their former un- Lealthinoss. I Fleas. — A correspondent who has been sorely an- noyed }iy these ]>eRts, informs us that he has succeed- ed in ridiling his liouse of their presence and him^''If an'"^i''' morning and (^vening, f >r a few days with a deeorti<'»n of sasfiafras. The remedy is simple and catily tricU. I r, LAZED Pots are the most suitable for plants kept in balconies, where they are nuudi exposed to the air, as they do not admit of transpiration from the sides. and consequently the earth contained in thorn does not so soon become dry. A GOOD master is kind to his beast. Tuc entire imports for Canada for 1849 was X3,002,- 50y, in 1850X4,245,517; about one-third of the wh<)lp,,rtunitv (d' placin- th.Mu l»eforo the committee ovor which i)r. H. presides, in order tliat our [/ir,r;mi,.r horticulturists may assume tlndr b'""!''" p<»sition amongst their brethren elsewhere. <^'ii- >'!Uidid imi»resshui is, that the fruits of almost •^very kind grown in this neighborhood are e.pial in 'Very i)articular and superior in many, to any others pn.wn in tbe State. For proof of this, we invite all t" attend the exhibition which is to be held some time 'I'Jnng tlie coming fall. PuiLADELniiA, June 10, 1S51. .lAv /;.,/r S'/V— Your esteemed favor without date, ^ •inpanymg a bo.x: of most magnificent cherries was -oMved tins afterncMui. i>h>ase to aecept my warm ^^ ijnowledgements n>r your kind attention. \.;ur chernes are scmiething to boast (d* and evince "•^Ini- progress you are making in Horticulture in ho aster. One of the chernc, ''the (\nuberland an.,; hat is call.Ml the ** triumidi of (\nnberland " at -;sl. of which MrM)avidA^^ ■niinu r. with a description of the fruit. Ti.e "yellow Orafbm" is the Bigarreau or Graffion .!>• Amber (,f Coxe; under the b-^st name it is 'J^uaiy known here, and took the first premium at *>'r I lort, cultural meeting (m Tur^sdav ev(.nin:r last' iin^ i\apn Higarreau is ci.rrec'tly mimed, and ^''-specnueustrulvspbaidid. e. -Doubtful" looks very much like the Black • • 'ini^^b and c.umot, from its external appearance, -- ^l>stmguished from the Cumberland. But Mr Miller iid'orms nn« that the trees of the Triumpli of Cumberland and the lilu.k Tartarean are casentialiy did-'rent m t beir growt b. The four rennining varieties J think an^ all ih^- same varn'ty—tbe Kngiish in .rello, and the finest sn(- cimens I have ,.v.>r seen. Has there not b.Mm a mis- take ill the May Duke? The Kentish is a .mall cherry, and is known here as ihv. Farly Ki.dim ond I Inive not yet tasted any of the cherries, as 1 wish our fruit committee to see tie in. Nine or ten varieties cd" niv new raspberries are uow ripe-they are very large ami line, coubl Iiot you, Mr. Carpenter, Dr. Parry, and Mr. Fdirman make a flying visit to Philadelphia to .see them? Very trulv yours, W. D. Brinckle. Chester Co. Horticultural & Industrial Inhibition, J/rh/ at West (J/iPster on the Vlfh, \\\lk and Wth in.^t, iAIr. FniTOR:— This exhibitb.n came off, on the alM)ve days, and, to an (.bserver visiting the borough, evinced a rather (ixtraordinary amount of go-ahcad- itiveness ru. tbo T>.,vf .S H.,. ■r.^\7,ojx^ of AVe^f Cliestcr, and the county, and was encouraging to adjoining counties to go and do likewise. Here was a Ilr.rti- cultural Society, established but a few years sin<;e, which had built for itself a capacious hall, (said to be the second oio' only in tb- country built e>peeially for horticultural purposes,) and holding besi(h\s re- gular monthly meetings, two semi-annual exhibitions attended by soim^ thousands of people. It was calculated that the number of visitors on th(» last day of the exhibition was from two to three thousand. 'V\\o printed schedule of premiums f,r this season of the year, is not confined to horticultural object.s, but embraces all kinds of manufactures made in th« county, such as agricultural implements, coach and harness work, dentistry, cabinet work, every variety of mechanical ingenuity, and articles for domestic use, needle work and embroidery, .^c. All classes of the community are thus interested, wliicdi accounts for the very large att(Mulance and interest manifested. The numerous bocpiets and floral emb«dlishmenffi, and the large display of green house plants, roec«, verbenas, etc., from the two nurs(>ries of the borou«^b occupied considerable sj^ace in the hall and attracted much attention. One of the nursery firms, that of Paschall Morris ct Co. have connected with tlieir cs- tablishment a large agriiultural and horticultural warfdiouse, and displayed on this occasion a large assortment of imphMuentH for the farmer and garden- er, including the new improvt('l to cultivate the pf^ir tree on the (|uln( stalk, whMh'^r successful ur oLhcrwisc. — /vi.J An livening Walk in June. llli; I Kills OF IIJK SKASON. Louh'a. — Oh, cuinc and see my strawlxTrit^s ii.>' uihl-'. Tlicy arc not so liuf as Edwin's, and 1 w;.;,- you to t< 11 111" V. Iiy. i'/ir/r /'/////;k-1M\v ill's plants arc, ccrlaiidy, tl mo-'t liixuriapt aiul llic ino.-t jir.xlui'livc. I.nin.sa. — W-l liicy ;n-c the same varieties, planit'. too, oil the same day, in the sainc g.irdcn. IM'-v • divided with me tliose fin^^ plan*< < r ..^w > 'eeide the Portur bed well, a: grew finely the next season, and were budd d. Last p,,; •,,, p|,.nty of manure tioui the hor,>e stal le. season they grew from two to four feet v»-. 11 brau. li< d. (nrtc. Here lies a ddlei'cnce. Ekiuts do net li^ This season, without removal tlu^y were mostly head- y^f^ f^yQ^\^ jt must be decomposed. IM.viu's was vf^ cd in. Their leaves expaiel-d ;iud soon th.-y eom- I ^.,,,.^^.,,,-j ,,^ composted, wliile yours, Li.uisa, w:i^ t. menced to bloom? No I T.ut die. Now two-tl.ir.ls arc entirolv dead, and still ili'\v die. So nr.u !i for my (^x]M'i'inicut. Let nie add sometliiinj; from obser- vation and ibe cxitcrieucc of others. l*v the wav, 1 most sinc(M"elv hope tin* ;;ciitleman befoi-e alluded t< ). I will let us have the ben"!ii of his extensive cxj-cri- m^^Tit, with his hundred^: and tbi^ rich (M'ops ol/taineil from llie large trees purehabo^l at a dollar ]i'>r p'^ce from Prince & Co. A short time since, T had the pleasure of a walk iu the gardens of one of our most entlm.-iastlc prat tical amateurs, whose vegetable, fruit, aud tloral depart- j :ind the small amount taken up by the roots n years and ivoarcely produced as many good ])ears!" That pear trees on (piima^ i-oot^ do in some in- stances and situations, or on some varieties i»f ipiince, succeed well, and are very productive, we have abun- dant evidence of the highest character. Such men as Perkins and Wilder who speak of gathering barrels of the finest pears from dwarf trees, oro beyond suspicion. That we, in this section of winter v.as iir. igoratiug, wdiile tlie htraw scr\ed to pro(i;L'l the tops. Jjonisa. — So, I see that in order to excel ia ^ > ing straw! (crrics T mu'^t not wait till spring to ni'^''' preparations. /■;//r//^ —Father explained to me this moriH"^ wdiat is meant by " fallowing ;" the principle seoH'' in part the same. Our teams are now busy pn^pi^''"- lan— two .^eedlin- (ijoxinias, superb— -No. I, flowers of a delicate bhiM, v.ifh i ! ute.s which you s-em to posses,-*. Com'- and cat "jomo ]>eirs friiin my tre.s iniiil the.so become stron<»- > iiough to be;ir j)e|-fcc; fruit. /.o,//.vr/.— Thank vou. umde, yet I >hall k.ok lbr- ^^ kite throat— \o. l!. Scarh-r. thr.^it white'ed-eii' u itji' '■'■'!"^"n -.V'';//<'o//(^ A'.i;;y/o/^//; of Cereus yrtuuhjlunis or night bloomin- Ceicus, cacii bearing expanded flowers — Liii--, «M.cMiiia-i. efo. Thonni'-- Mcch.an, gar.I'.ncr to A. M. Ka-twick (Ibn1ram> i i^'=i''-^' ") ^"'it lii'c se,.,p,ino. Calcobiria'^. beautiful \v;ii-d with desire fkr the fruit from the trce< | \y,i\r tended. One eats it with Mwdi relisli, to -i\ n^ t.kin"- i' ike plea.'aire of sharing j, -^vith fridel ^. It (.ccurs to me now that I hive seen directions to piiuii oil' buds of roses, alpiie- >u ;• a ocrnev anu raspoerrics in -pring when it is dc-drc-l to lia\e a crop in nuHimn. F'licin.—lHynuT ]dum-gardeu still safe/ (\,ndn Henry complains thai the .uicubo h.a^ Mtio^^ Jiks plums in spite of jiigs and poultry. lie has his plum- yard enclosed and has kept a number of pickers and grazers constantly engaged in it since early spring. r//c/f.^Ilc \s d 1 not see the f,d! j^j.^uIl of tiiis sim- ple and excelkni plan until after one season. Lvi;i^-a, — Idcre is a fine shower comini:-: it \\\\\ swell up your II .\ey> and llmb-on^ to tkedr lull size. If yon will pick some. IMwin. I wi'l e;,!hcr some of (Jloxinia.. bin li^!a> and oilier | kmt.- wall ;hrce spe- cimen.s by management has bloomed in the summer season,— the mode (►f culture by which he effected this result, he detailed to the Society in an interesting communi- cation. ^'!i 'he fiaill takdcs ^Yere six pots (d" (Ir.ipc vines, grown from singk' cye^ ,,ne _\ e ;- okl, in full Ip.iring^ ir.an th" houses id" (k i\^^r^ Tpr,. .;,],.,,( .^ ,,j ^;|,. \\\.^l?^ Ibimbur-. white and (u-i/./dy FrontiLniac, white (\.n- stantia. wliite S\\e,-t A\'ater"and La.-hmcrc's seedling varicte -. forming an attractive spectacle: from the uiese nice >N lute Hearts and Idtims: tlnir fair com- | >anie source was a \cry large spindnnai of [.a Abr plexions will contrast finely with vour ivd Mi-.\N her- ^■''''" *''"""''> • ^''■- ''''"'kle cxhikited fine spe(dmenH ries. Thoreserm.no bound to t^lie eninvments w- ' "!• "V''\ '^^'■"■''';. "'" '^ "■'' l^^'^I''';,"^;^- ^"^''''^^^ ,],..; r,. , 1 ,• 1 , , I of wln.di were (d -reat merit. N:uic H. Baxter— the ';• ■ li-m horticubnre, and they are so varied that , (kd. AVihh-r ( Brincklc-.^ Ibispberrio ; large (b,o,,- '' 1- mipo-.Mble t(. tire of one object ]>"f>re anotluT j berries, and (dien-ics (d' (luigne noir, June'^luke and iiUracts attention. We have become ac.piaint.Ml with ''<'i*'"^'-l varieties, -bdin lb Hrinckle ]rresented a '":.ov curious in^ects and binls, even everv .diau'^c T 'T''f''^ ''p-^*^^'"' ''^" ^ "^''''''''' *'^' ^'''^ fdlnwing kinds ,(•',, u-ol, ,. • i- • . • ~ I— Amber. I.igarreau gros Ooi-uret, P.Iack Tartarian -^ - . her ,s a .ource of interest. Do not the | Han-'s Seedling. Downtou, Napolc,, Bigarvau, Ke^e -''Mo.suml fk.w.'rs ^di w well on that smooth , loj. Kdwin mowed it three times h,r nc thks 'spring, and see how neatly he has trimmed the hedge. ^ suppose he wished to con.sole me for the loss of mv ^trawdjen-^- crop. / ,cV._-Y.„n. i.d mr.y be the strongest next sea- ^ ";■'" '' '-^ "••< '^haust^-d Py frniiing. W. rtouisbuiij. Dr.. .f/07'Ji)^ ps;, J [The above communication •Tunc niiinber. but received to,, kuc p,,. insertion contains many useful hints.— -Kn. J Amber ('h(b>-han : and a nnuik-r ,d' \arietie<. Py d,dni Perkins. Anthony Felton, dr., cxhikited a tine sp(- cimen of Ibiv.^y's Seedlin- Stiawhcrry; and .JamcK Powell ju-esented five Serdbng \arieti<'s (.f Ibi^pber- ries. Tiiere w(^re four ext.n: i\c tables W(dl spread with fine ve: fkrthekc^t and most intei-(>sting coMecfi,,n of jj^ jdant-^ in p"t<, to das. Ibd^y, foreman to Ihikert Buist ■ j for the second best, to .Jamcv Bisset, gardener to fl;^*. I l>undas; for the third best, to Tlnuna.'i Mecdian, gar- -,. ,, , . idenerfo A.M. Ka^twiik; fbr the best Bixiuet for thr» W-, ' : ' ."" ^•''-'"•'.'''" - ""M ' '"h- !■-• In.,,, 11,<. I tl„. l,o«t 15a,sk, I „r T,,, il.;,v. .„ R„l„.,-, K i .'^t. „ every stalk is to be skinned or peeled before Jt'l's fit o be used. This is all thrown away labor. The stalks are not a whit better after being peeled than )• ore. All that iR necessary is to cut them in slices ana proceed aa usual to Cahd) Oopc For the best Grapes of a Black variety, to Thofi. llvan, gardener to Caleb Cope; for the beet of a White variety, to the same. For the best Strawberries, Ilovey's Seedling, to ■t1^5lp^' 116 lIOUTKUiLTlJIlAL SOCTETTER. [J CI. 1811.] UORTIOITLTIIRAL SOCIETIES. 117 Anilk(my Felton, Jr. For the boflt Ohorrio?^, Ainlu-r, to (Jeo. \V. Karl; for tlie second be«t, Uhu:k Ku^lc, to ThoH. Median ; for a fine specimfMi of Napoleon Bigarreau Cherry, a 8pec;ial premium of one «h)nar to John Perkins ; and for a fine variety of llasplu-rry called Dr. Brinckle's Col. Wilder, a h*i)ecial premium of three dollars to Isaac U. Baxter. For the hest display of ve^ctaldes l.y a market gardener, toAnth(.ny Helton,. Ir; for thi; second best, to the same: for the best di-play by an amateur, to Wm. Felt(«n, ;;ardener to T. Wri^^^ins, Fiankford Koad ; and for the second ]>est, to John (ialla^her, gardener to Miss (Jratz, The following comnninicaticni direeteli. For (hi. premium there was no other competition. For tlm 2d bc'st (h^sign of cut tlowiu-s to Miss Phelje Ann Sharpless S.V, for l^d best do. to Tevis llooy.es ;^-J.~ For the l)eHt disj)lay of flowers in a basket covered with moses or lichens to Alice Jackson J^2; for tlie2il best do. to Elizabetli Haines Sl;f^>i"the Md best du. tu J. it M. Bennet, Cultivator for 1S;")1. For tlu'lnsr bcxpiet suitab!(^ for th(^ ei^ntre table to Mrs. Fli/alntli (i. Townsend SI ; f(»r the 2d best do. to Thomas Har- vey, enltivator for 1S51; for tl\e <)d best do. to JcLn v.* Painter, (Jardeii trowel. For the best pair . 1 Ixxjuets suita]>l(^ for th(^ mantel to M. B. Tli^inv Sl.r)(»: for the 2<1 Ix^st do. to Misses Sarah M^.rri^ Susan hmlen and Mary i*arker, iVgrieuiuaiM ; it the ;;d best do. to Mrs. I'). C. Jelh'ris, (Jarden 'fnAwl Miss Sibliilii establishment, last year, and after 1 bad attended to matters of more immediate importanc(\ it was too late in the season to raise a stoek (»f Chrysanthe- mums by the usual means of slips or cuttings. 1 had one strong plant (»f the variety trium})hans in the open borcler, anlant are not so numerous as we generally see them in the fall. Had the success of the experiment been antici- pated, .. (1 conse(|nently more attention beiMi paid to reporting and high cultivation tliis defect would not exist. Ab it is said that in " a multitude of counsellors there is wisdom" so in practical gardening a multi- tude of ex])eriments reveal new truths, and this com- munication is niad(* in the ho])e that others may be induced l.y the partial success of this almost random experiment to try what im])rovements can be made upon it. 1 am, sir, yours most re^ipectfully, TnoMAs Mkfuan'. A letter of acknowledgment from Prof. S. S. Ilal- deraan in reply to a notiticatiim fri>m the corresj>onk' i eml)races most of the other contributions to thi.^ 'J • ])artment, though it may contain some errors ul. many omissions: liasket covered with moss and cut flowers Ij FI.()RAL. Cactus, by .lane Lee Evans ; do. by Sarah II. Jani's. I'air ef high h(;eled slioes, of tho olden times, l.y I'lu'lic Ann Siiarpless : Pin cushion, of the olden times, worked hy Lydia Panitcr, exhibited by llan- nali M. Darlington. vi:(;i:tablfs. Peas, for the best half ]»ec,k to P. Morris ct (\). SI ; IJeets, for tin* best display to Mrs. Rachel 'f a\ loi- Si ; fill specinnms of needle work distributed in such po- sitions that we Cijuld not read the names of the con- tributors, and must therefore be excused from noticing theni more particularly. lMn:STlH.\L DKIWRTMENT. This branch of the lOxhibition received a large share of the visitors' attention, and embraced the h>l- Icwing, among other contributions : Sewing Machine by Milton Karly, and II. \). Odl- orne : Riding Carriage by Abraham Still: Corn Husk Mattress bv Inila J. IJennett : Bathin'j; Tub bv Jos. ^ ■ * 1 to Cabba-re, lor the best six heads to Mrs. Raclud Tav- i i^ -i n- i i- ■> , i ., ... , lor Si r Potatoes, for the best quarter peck, growth of ^'^'^^'!.>' ' Hydnm n- Rams by J < . Stro.le ; sev(Ta isr.i, to i'. Morris it Co. SI ; for the best displav of I ^^P^^^'"^^'"^ ^'*,.^';^ ''";^>''*"''"p '^^^ T'Z'' ''^ ^'.'V'^' V tables bv nmrk<'t gardeners to P. Morris\t \\>., ! ^'V-n "' '^ Vo ^^'''''^^y^ ^'''''\ ^l^^^ ^inn of J.dm i^2l lor the 2d best do. to Lewis P. Iloopes .Si ; t;,, i >V illiams, mCharlest(.wn township, Chester c.ainty; the l,cst display of veg<.tables by amateur gardeners ^V^!: ^'''''^y ^'^'^') surmounted by a pyramid by B t.. Dr. (leor-(^ Thomas $2. ]}■ ^"^^veney ; Htand of .en 4<;mens Hats, by Augee & 'fbe (.ther contributions and contributors to this braneli ot Ann Iniri Cowan: case of do., by Wilson it Heed: case of tlH^ Kxhihition were:-Peas by Mrs. Sally ^,;'^^7^'';,^*>;P'^**'V^';;!' ^ ^V <'rthington : do., by John ^.am: Onions ami Beets by Samuel Harrv : i ^ /^'^'V^^^ ' Morse s lelegrnph, by L.;nvis Levis : case Phub.n-bbv Samuel Sharpless ; Potatoes and Beets i Vf l^nts execu ed m wax, by Mrs. M. B. iiomas ; i ,• \v.., i.'i I . • r >,,.r ,,,. .l.wi <<,.,, . i. .. r I f ' 'x'MUet ot cut tlowei's execnte( in iKUier, bv the same; l.v \> m. hhlx ; I.«ong necktul S( nasln's ot last vears i. ^ • ., , i,--,,- ii .,. "ii i- i ,*. ,.,1,. i> ,,,,1 u,.,v*^ ].,, T ir \r II .... ♦» "d , I'ressing bureau, hv William Hottnian : ( usliione1. IJennett ; leas i .,, • ." ,» , » -,, ,,. ,, , ,, ., ,,, lucl Radislies by Josiah H:.oT>es: Potatoes and Peas i ^ '\=^"'' l'^^' ^^''^- \ <"=;'1"J7 v ^'-^^'''•^ ^''^'^y ,^^T' hv iliackary ^miiUi and I'eas by .Mrs. ICachci Fay- P^^^^P /" f ^^'^^^ f ^^f^ ^^J "• J^^^^^'s ; a large display RIPK FRFITS. of Agricultural Implements, froni tln^ Warehouse of PascJiall Morrisi'C- ('o.,embracinir. amonir otlu^* thin<:s, Seeding Drills, lu^vohing Horse Hakes, Seli-Sharpen- Cherries, for the l.est one '(uart to Amos H. I)ar- '^'o Plows, Houble Mould Hn.ad, do.. Subsoil, do., lington .^1 : «!-.. 2<1 best do. ti» J. Laecy Darlington, improved han.l Rakes, H;iy and V(>getabb* Cutters, Pniriiiig Knife; Strawberries, for the best (piaTt to ' '''•"^stic steed Hay Forks, and many other valuable im-^ i'. Morris k Co. SI ; do. 2d best to Dr. (Jeorge Tlmni- pi-"ved articles. as, jiose shears; for the b<^st display (sixt^>en varie- i -^ Miniature Court Ilou^e, snrmounteil with a i^if^a- tl— iiaiied) to P. Morris & Co. Si. | pie, and covered with mos<, liy Jo>iah Hoo])es. Ce- .loseph larivll ; basket covered with moss and tnl". M S;. axvb.Tii-s l.v Samuel Sharpless whh dried grasses by Miss Clara A\ill.amsoiKlVn-M /V.;;,^ n,nu'roi,hr,/, III addition to the above, were specimensof Cher- "^''''d Pip'N fbr conveying wat'-r, (a new arti(de,) by rie.s by Saiab D. (Jrey, Jonathan ('. Bablwin, A. I ^-*'*^*'**'' ^"^^i^^'^- Shoes and Shoemaker, by K. 11. Cross- M ir-liall & Co., and Lewis P. Hoopes. Apples bv i "^'^"• d^iiaibati ('. Baldwin — (Jrindst(.ne, Ksopos Spitzen- Manufacturers nnt iM'f.re onumoratc^d : •urg, fart house, (Ir(^y house and Pennock. Ap|des ,'''"^' ^'"^ ''''-^^ display t.s' work, to K. P. 'v 7i],a Darlington — Pi'unock and Cart house. Worrall, S2 : f..r the ber centre table by Elm Sharpless ; BfXjuet for t'(Mitre table by Mrs. Alexander Marshall ; 2 Baskets of m"^^' and cut flowers by Miss Candine Baldwin ; A :i>'' ^' moss and jirasses by do.; Desijrn by Jidm \ . i^ I '''^" H. Painter : Pair of mantt 1 bo({uets by Miss hu" beth S. Marshall; Basket of moss and cut Ib'^vrrsl'V John V. Painter; (Irottoofthe N(>reides, beautilui'.'" decoratcMl with shells by Mrs. Thos. II. Fergus; c^^'- of Shells and Insects by Dr. lljirtman ; Case cnibn^^^' inir S.'i varieties of birds eggs by John V. Paii^^'''' (iii't thr Fine Arts P.-r the b'^st display of Zephyr work to Caroline E. Krauser, S;; ; 2d best' do. to Miss Winterbottom, S2 ; •'d best do. to Anna Mary Eacdius, SI : dth be.s't do' t" Mrs. A. E. Moore, Certificate. For the best dis- play of Crotchet work to Miss Sarah P. Hoopes, .S2 ; ii|'xt best do. to Hannah Passmore, Si. l'\.r the' 1 lest 'li-play i>f Knitting to Miss Sarah P. Hoopes, Si • next best do. to R.d.ecca (\ (Jriflith, (^>rti(icate. For the best dis.p]av(d' (^lilte.l work t<» J. iV- M. Bennett, ■/-'• -'' b"st do t.. Eli/abeth .M. D. Cooper, .Si ; 3d ''••->! do. to Miss Laml.orne, Certiticato, Special pre- jaium f.r wreath worked hvd sprea.l to Elizabeth laillips, SI : speenil nremium for wreath worked bed spread to Hannah M. Pussey, Si: Certificates of h-iiMralde nnuition wore al-o awarde.l f. Mis< \Vi„- Wilson i^ lifted, S2: for the best Cabinet work, to William Hoffman, S-'*. The above* is but a meager rej.ort, sketcdied during the bustle (,f th(^ P'xhibition, and we ho]>e that those whose contributions are not noticcfl, will excus(Mis. — AVe expect an offndal rep(»rt will be puldished em- bracininions have b.'>en iriven latidv, ftoth for and a-jcainst th(^ nrao ticability of making wire fence fbr general farm }»ur- Miniature farm by Master Thomas Sweney ; l^'^^^^' of cut Roses by P. Morris (t Co.; Boquet *for (HMi'r-' table by Mrs. John M«»naghan ; Case of sea-da;';" large specimen of East Indies Coral and a beautil^' central table, by Mrs. John P. Baily. "• ^..rk For ^!'' best display of MilJiuery to Mrs. M.ws Hoopes •y- . next best do. do. to .Mrs. Hannah StilT S'» r/,,' tl>" best display of Needle work, other than th~e above Iili'iitioued — ^ Jiest design in Shell w(»rk to Mrs. Thos. H. Fer'nis ^-; b.'st Crayon Drawing, W. Townsend, hUn' ^\M); hest Paintinu: in Water C(dors, Dr Car- I'^^nior, $2 ; best display ost and rail, at but little more than bait' the cost. This 1 will en- deavor to explain as clearly as possible, or at least give the general features of it. I find the main cause of failure is,wire being too light and not strained up to suflficient tension, so that hogs hj >*« f . '• J^«.-!g«g 119 COMMUNICATIONS. r.i ILY. isrn.j COMMlIxrCATTONS. 110 I '. u- A'l^^'ix v«m I IT ll-MIl I" ».-,. ^ ^^^ tind no dilliculty in puahing throu;j;h botwecii the wires, although cattle may be hcM. This was tlio case with my first fence made of No. 10 wiic, posts 16 feet apart, at a cost of about 60 cents a panned (IG feet.) The best fence I have put up is alonf^ a public road infested by villa;L5e cattle and lio<^s ^Yhieh are generally considered a pretty fair test, and I iln 1 it proof against any kind of farm stock whatever. — The fence has licen in use for more than a v«'ar and throw thiun upon their haunches toil/cn't the least hi- jiiri/ In (he animal or fence. I'jinti ilii.'^ account, the wire 18 better tinannealed, a^ under a great force the pores of the iron will give in a measure, and the wire becomes slack, if softened. In fact, the bright wire works better in many ways, and is far preferable to j)ut lip. Number 8, 1 tliink as lit;lit as should bo used for a (jood fence. Mine e^st about one dollar and ten cents a )>:intd of" !it) I'crt, 1 it'ct lii^ii. nr 'j is now as perfect asev<'r. M v niodr d (•(/n.Ntruct'e.n is j strands, eiiinne>'neliig .'1 iindit's IVoni the ground llirii cither to start i'roin a ;i, o, (i, ('», 7, ami S in(dies a]>art. post, well franie.l and biar.-d, inln a -ood sill l!<) or | The advantages in plugging up the h(d(vs in th. r>0 inches below t!..' surlac.- of the ground and >eenreair ot' stout pliers wrap the end very close and tightlv around the main strand, the other vice i-^ then re- moved and set funher back (on the joint) and the other end served in (he same manner coiliuL;- it in the opposite direetily twists oil* the other if they slip or give in the had ; so that it is paniK 1^, and can ea>ily Ih; repaired. In giving the cost of this fence at Sl,lO ior 20 feet, about th(^ cost of good post and rail of 10 or 11 feet, you v,il! of course underst;in u^ed are cal- lings and >ueh as are loo liglit to mortice, and oun- setjieiuij, vu 1101 oiia Liie \aiue of good sized pn,st>. Locuat Grove Mills. C. S. 11, Xoles by tlie Way Side, Across ])art of MiryhnnJ and a portion of the Vdlq efor(> we rea(du>d lialtiniore, how- ever, it had all di>ai»j)earcd. In lookin-j,' at the tine \ards and irard(Mis in the vicinity, we could not but be.s(ru»dv with tl!'-ad\ai: • \»'gelation had nunle, and how mmdi more torwar-li: was than with us. A\'e soon left for AVashin-t ii, and on our journey thither, ^vere sur|)rised totinl that little or no (diange had taken place in th" :ij,ri cultural (diaracter of the c(mntrv between the tw- cities. 'J'en years ago, this was almost a hanvii waste, su))))orting a vimw thin coat of in(»re gra<-^.— It is so still on the h'ft side of the road, although, en the right hand were fin ^ ^VIleat, Oats. Clover ami Tim(»thy, \\ e aiais ed at A\'ashington in u:oo(l season: and as the dinner hour at (he f:ishionahl(> hoti'l a" whi(d\ we stopp(Mh approached the suppiM- hoin- 'i a I'ennsylvania farmer, we found that v.e had sinoe time to spare, wh.i.h we devoted to a visit to the l*at«Mit ( )t}ice. Free admission is given to all visitors. We could not but tliink, that the nninner iu which the (liou>ands of beautiful mod(ds of inveniioii \V(>re ^ ^ ,, ^ ,, . , , . i»aeked in the large cases, was not verv W(dl calcu- vory important that the wires lock at once m fiitinLi; p^j^^^i them together, and this cannot possibly bo done with out being thoroughly annealed. A fence well put up in this manner will defy stock of any kind, and should cattle or horses accidentally run against it, the elasticity of the wire is sufficient to to give the visitor a proper id(\i of th^ir char- acter. This (lifficnlf V M ill be obviated so soon as the new wings now being erected, are completed. 'I'k National (nailery in the same building is well worth a visit, and months might ])e pleasantly spent in an examination of the varied contents. On AVednesday, May 7, we took [)assage on board tlic tine steamer Mount \ erien. for iii* hmond. We iitcamed it ra{)idly down tic broad Totomac, and when some distance below Washington, the view of Washington, Georgete.wn a?id the vicinity was beau- tiful ii! the extreme. We aia-i\'-d at Alcxandi-ia where the steamer tarried but a few minutov;^ hrief M was our stay, we could see that the glory of this city had departed. 'I"he large; empty waridiouses aud the few snrill \e;s,d'> lying at the wlnirl, allga\e evidence of a meagre trade. A (ew miles bii a'ri\iii;; ;it th" Kail iioad West Chestek, June 14, 1851. I'uiLND Si'AXGLER: — Agrccaldy to your r-Mpie-t And mv promise, T send vou the aeeonnt (d" a Scai.ivc, b\M)i:R, verbatim et literatim, published in the (ien- tlcmen's Magazine, (London) for April, 1747. 1 remain yours, &c. AV. SJ Sea I big oi- I* i- lining I.u 1 tic L^arilon, the soil id' whii h was ainio.st entirely sand. AVe entered the cars, and proceeded through a peb- )»ly countrv, skirted by abrupt hills on the one side iind swamps on the other. In many places the origi- nal timber was still standing, but it was ^d;m and scrubby. The finest lan.ls Inid been cleared, and as IS usual in \'irginia, its li'rtility exhausted, and. There is little \ariation in the soil h''tw.rii l-'rederickslnirg ;ind Hiidiniond, ami t>xcept •^ 1''^^ 'iii ' h"tt -ms whi(di are in a good state of culti- ^ i'>i"ii. riie soil is a sandy h»;!m, \\ithout stones. — A large portion of tl,,- laud wa< ploughed (br oats and ('<>rn, although it h 1 1 all been exhausted by t!,;. pre- vious tobacco crops. ml :(V \u\ ;• j I ilK^J^ .u Viz. 1 :iud 2 reprt^enis a model of a se;iling la 1- der, whi( h mav be useful on many occasions. Its rounds or step> A !> are fa-ien-'d at a ]>r(tper di - tance fiM)!i each with the »■ r-ls (.'. Thes(> rou ids are thicker at one '\^h\< pole being long enough to rea(d> to th^ toj. oi Blacked in the same way. The ordinary houses are generally built of h.g, with wooden chim/e^ys attached tli'^ wall, or place whicli is to )>o niounte I, it is ouny to fasten it bv its le.ok K aud there is nothing moro to be done than to pull the lower end, that is the fi.-^i ^ ....1 « J* to the outside. Lime there is nom' in this section ' round and all tlierestuill !•,• .Irawn out theono from hut what i< brought from a di ^tanc- .,f [n (,, (;i) niiles- <^^"' ntloT and yur pe tuna d into a bnhler. : I'lii-.' has supplied a strong red da^ from '^ to G '!'!"'>-" hnhf r> .arc very con\enirnt and are the feetlxdow the surface, wdiich answers for onbnarv n^^''" I "-P"- 'or «ecrct expeditions, as they are very 1 . . Ai. ri ' 1 1 li"ht, and may be put into a sack and removed Ironi plastering. At oj o c1o(d; w^ rrrived m Iboa.l street phvce to place without giving any suspicion tliat you in the city of Richmond, and in my next 1 will give a full description of it and its vicinity. Lancaster f 1851. d carrying a ladder. It may be erected in the street or put out of a window to assist people to escape .\t fires ; and probably may be improved by master Kphraim Iladon who advertises his skill in rope ladders. 120 EDTTOllTAL, T ! ! 1^. 1^ A U Ai .1 0 Ij K iN^ A T. . Mib-(!:i)itor'i5 Dcpaitincnt. Ag^cnts. The Farm Journal may be li;ul ut tin' followin*; places : — W. H. ZiEBER, South 3d St., lulinipiil u;i«:nt iur riiiladf Iphia. AV. 11. Sl'ANr.LER, ]». F. SrAN(;i.KR, (lEo. J{ek(;m:i{, ir. MiNKR, »1. \{. SlIHVOCK, 11. iM. Kawmns, A. L. \\ .\i;iii;i.D, LancastiM-, Ta. CnliiinMa, l*a. 1 1;inisl)iiroi']\ a\\ur(l- ed the sum of twenty rrmiuni i\:v tlie larn-('st nundMT of suhseri])ers obtained by an iimI;; iij. ua!. 'I'hf numher jd-oenred \,\ Mr. Frantz, wa-^ 1] \ and it is due him to say, that this lar;.;*' list >\a^ pro- cured Ix'fore he was a\\ar<' of tlw fact that th.« puhli- eation of the Farm Journal was contemplated. Wo are pl(>ased to ohseive sucli liberal subsci-ipt imh (,ii the part of our farming eommunity, and wouM ho ^lad to have them extend it in the directioi\ of the Farm dournal. In order to induce them to do thi^, we offer the following terms to the Lancaster coiuity A;;-. Society, or any other county society in tlie Siato: For 500 subscribers at our Club rates, at 7-') cents each, we will pay a pi-emium of Fifty (hillars worth oi" Ao(.ks, for the Society's Library. Tla- books shall be furnished at the publishers' io\Mst ]>rices. For any number of subscrib(-rs less than five hun- dred, |)ut more tlian one imndrcd, we will pay a ) n- miiim of ten dollars worth of Ai;ricultui-al or other books, for each hundicd. For one hundred subscribers, whether furnished bj :'i' iiMli\i'lual or a Society, a cupv nf Culman's Euro- pean A-ricnhui-.', 'flie American Farmer and Plants ers Fncydopedia, (nt^w edition) and a copy , if \>]s^'U residiiiLC m ditl'erent neiol,],,,,-!. j^ ,,i:,v unite, and I k- U', >,.,-'* w , *■' d u V I 11 II 1 •. ' ' u ixeii s I'omestic rou ti'v form lar^LTc clul--. auil tiiu> :-Mrnr.,' ihe -.Jul u.nal" at ,, . . r the very lowest clu!. i-att^s. Specimen copies of the Journal will be sent on ap- plication, ronf-jHu'iJ, to the j)ublislier. Post Mdfiicrs, are by law, anih..ri^, d to remit sub- scription nnmey to the pullidier. free, of posfnqe. Parti( ular attention is a^ked t,, (his faCt, as ii" will save exj)ense ])oth to criliers and puhlisiier. Our Terms are (.\sn i\ \n\ \n(i:. Tlie excecMlimdv lo\y ra!>' at \vhich the .bmrnal is fuiaiished render's this imperatixe. Suh>. i-ip! i(.ii< may be sent at (.ur * 1 1 » * risk, andnmneyal )>ar w h.^re siibss^-rilMTs re>ide, will ' works For Seventy-tlve subscrih.'rs, either Colman's \:yv culture (,r the Farmer's Fneyclnprdia, and Dixeii .1 Kerr's Pnultry ({..ok. For Fifty sul.MTil)ers, Colman's Fur.^pean A-i-;- cultur(> or th(> Fanner's and PIant(M-'s Kncyclepet number of the copy subscribed for. \ssed, «os^ }Kii(l, to th(> im A. U. SPAN(;LKli, Lanca.ster, Pa. Tin; wlnde number of any of the above Clubs nuist be h.rwarded at the same tim(\ with the Cash, tlir -uhsci-iption to commence with the tirst (.f the n.!- um(\ It is not ntM^es^ary that the Cjnh jiackagcs ' All letters must be addressed, pos^ ;>.//J, to th.Maib- should be sent to anv jianicular (>flice. We will mail lisher. A \f ^i> \ \ / ' I I' i> i.i , ,.'. them to as many diilerent points as desired. As the above list of premiums is a I'ar moi-(> lil era! Correction. — In our last mimber onr proofreader was not as careful as lie should have been. Several errors crept in, amono;st which were three or four in thearticlc on af]rricultural education, by Mr. Cowen. which the reader will attnhute to an oversi-ht of th.> proof reader. Tall RvE.—AVe were shown, a few days since, a number of stalks of rye from the farm of Mr. Koni- macher, near Ephrata, in Lancaster county, which measured cujldfid and nix inches I one than has ever been of]",. red, we liop(> our fiieiuij' \m11 endeavor to se(>ure them, ajel thus aid in cxtciid- iuter county, the rates of pist- a'^e will be so very low that no one will (d>ject to them. The posta«:;e for tle^ whole year will ])e onlv two and a half cents, and to anv ].>aiiuu id the State the whole year's postage will amount to only /t*^ cents. 18-1.] K 1)1 TO RIAL. 121 AcknowIest Hanover, Dauphin eo. ; A. Mi-Allster, Sprin-^-fitdd I'lirnace, Iliimiii'^don CO.; F. Schley, Fsip, Fi'ederi(d^, Md.; (lc(ir::"\V. I'atton, I'nion Furnace, Huntingdon co. ; L. i'.ui-' lilield, MifHintovvn ; flacob lleys(>r, (diambers- hiivj:: Chri>tian 11. Lefevei-, Strasbur^j:;, Lancaster eo.; Bcui. I). Ilerr, do.: lb)n. Luther Kidder, Wilkes- barre; Charh'^ IJeldin;::, do., thre(^ clubs; Thomas F. Croft. IM,'lad'lphia : James Thornton, liyberry, Phi- ladelphia ( o. : J. K. Mc.Millen, Somei-set co. ; John K. Shatf i\ IJi/.aheth. Allegheny co. ; lion. (Jeo. Taylor, Huntingdon; N. Amoi-y, Xagadoches, Texas; Jacob Mast, do.. i\i\.\ Joseph Wickersham, Lewisbur*!;, York CO.: Cul.d. lb .Murphy, Mercrrsbui-^: Isaac .Markley, Norristovn: d. .M. !\bMinn. I 'niiaiville, Centre eo.. A \oir. K. is one of the ahle^t friends of a<'Ticuliure in the \\ c^t. and coniiuendat.ion fi'om such a source is certainly thitterijjg: Editor of tut F auai J(»i-rvat. — Vcur.S^ii - \ iliank y(ai for tin; ihi'ee ninnhiTS of \ our new Pciin^x 1\ ania paper, and assure you, that 1 leid the couipl'ment coutaiiu'd in your reipie^t. Ibit sir, I am an unlet- tered farmer — born in a lo;j: houvc, ^le! sooth e» >av, occuity one vet, notuithstandinji; the M. 0. attat hed to my name. 'J'hat title came by ( hance, and neces- sity, rather than choice, -and yet 1 am ii'.t a little proud ((fit; hir medical mai ai'e takin;j: an li'iloiable h'ad in tic art and s* ience of m Mhaai agriculture, and esjieciallv horticultuve. Thi^ is the natural con- se<|Uencc of their lo\c of ail the works of naluie, and their esp«M'ial study — thk laws of vitaijtv. rp to the J. re-en t dav. if a ]>''ir. Jackson l""'""''!'^''^ tau-ht ther^ in. soon find their v. :i s t - llie uf Boston, ol a rndi bed containiii;! 0"J l-lO per cent. " public v,dio(d<"' of tic , "untrv. rf pure ])h,)sphate of lime, yiehlini: dO', per <-ent. .d" ; To v;,y that I ,,ni pleased with these specimens of Voiir in \v enterpri-", in an "!d fi- Id. wouhl Ix^ savingr ph >sphoric acid and "Jn p'-rVent. of j)hosphorou In connection with {\u\ above we learmnl a few 'l:J-y^ •^:z ' that not an ounce of this valuable fertilizer has i) ■: n applied to American soil ; but that ship load too little- I am nea'e than iiha-.il- 1 am -raliricd and <'n 11, ,t this a fact that should arouse our - there certainly appears to Itc a st rai;::ht-forward 'o-dd- fann- r- to a true sens(^ of the value of tlies(; ])hos- i ness — full of' tiaith anil m'-anini: — on ^ub"eet-. c(in- ]ihates? The Kn_LLlish airriculturists understand and nectin;j; the pro^i-cv^ .d" a-i-ieuh ni-e with tic -tand-vtill bill\ apjireciate them, as is evidenced i»v th«' fact ^ l»<»li'V of le;ii,-latlon — a vt'ry little ahead of si.me i)( ahovo mentioned. the .,!d a^'rieultural jiapers — and ainon^" vour corres- From the same source we learned that almost eve- pondents 1 i' r -ni-o some of the most reliable pens ry hone gather, r in our hir-e cities, is an a-vnt .d" \ ''^ ^'"' ''""""y- ''"'1 >l'"'d y.^i. ■^onc' •!'-li-li ••ompany, an.l it is next to a n impossi- Tlie Ke\-;tone Stato ha^ be,n railcr t,ird\ in es- bdi!y !- procure a ton of bones for anv ('(jusideration taldivhin-- a perniaicnt a-ricnh uimI j.airna! : hut you this side of the .Vthmtic. Hones In]- the Fn'di' .-'•'"- -iiaii to tic loot :.f liie matter at once, our State and sent to i'hiladelphia by camil And '"'^"^ ad\ocating the only true, liberal and legitimate now a question of deep iinp(c,tanc(- sieo,v.^(s i|.^,.)j' , ]dan, pr<«mi>inLC c-Ttain. jMrmanont and univri->al If the phosphates od" Now rbi-sev and the ]M.n(\s '^at!t- ' ^"*'^"1^'^' comnn n-uraN' to cui' necessities aiel our di- v;irious parts of the Inited States, ,.;ui be ^""'''S. (leiicral and particular ati;riculi ura1 or<'ani/ati<.n "' ihre,. thousand orcd Hhipped to Lngland. a di.-t; Juiles, and yet be consid(^red highly prolii.tM, iortii- izers, should not American farmers a^ad themselves •'fthe opportunity afforded them of enrichin- their lands, when the material in abun^lance is a't their very doors ? We pause for a r(^ply. and s]>eidti • anduniver-al a i^i-ienl! ui:il education, are the true points on whicdi hinge the picrl. cti-ai . 1 agii- culture as a science, and tin^ intellectual elevation, gcuieral prosperity and happiness, conventicuuil stand- ing and political infhnmce of over " three-fourths of the people'^ of this great nation. 122 IvniTOKTAL. fJrrv, 18'1.1 KDITOKIAL Tin , *»T".-T'*"S'**.'i»«'«a-V S; tOTfcKMWBMaf--' A Visit to West Chester. To the cxcliisiou of raucli uthor matter, we publish the proceedings of the Horticultural and Industrial Kxhihition at West Chester. llavin<^ frequently hoard of the interesting and instructive character of these Exhibitions, wo visited West Chester on the 12th and 1.3th of June, for the purpose of ascertaining; whether the [i;l()\ving accounts we had hcaul were not somewhat exa^^'orated. To our suryirise and ex- treme gratification, we found th<'in all thi/y had been repreMent<'(l. The Kxhil)Itiun was hfli in Hm' Horticultural I r;ill, a splendid buildin;^ erected ("Xjircs-ly i'or lli(> purpose, ajul evincing in its stincnn-' li^di llliciality and taste. The arrang1 lli'' lliin lands in the southern itart of that count v into fine con.li'icn- the liar\c.-^t pi'omising as richly there, as iu (lie most (crtilc rnncslonc j'cn-ioiis. 'J'liis i-. ccrtTiiiiiv \c.'v en- coiiraging, and will, \vc iiop(\ open the \\ ;iy lor its nioi'c general inlroductloii. 'J'o aid in l>rin;.J!!;.!; a'mut so desirable a result, v, c carncsllv noiiesi tliosc ■ ,u- tlemcn ^\llo lia\e use(l guano, to gi\(' us tlic bcnrfit of tlieir cxpcri-'Hc'-, in order thai \\ " ni; y present the subject in iis iiaie liglit to oiii- leaders. ^lany »d' (lie fjilurivs in the use of guano, ave at- tributable to the impositions practised upon purcha- ser,-, by the dealer-^. An adultu)-ated article- is sola for the genuine, n!id few l)Ut skilful ( iiemists will de- tect the iuipo'^ition. The ])<^^{ plan is, therefore, to deal with persons whose integrity can be relied upon. The advertisements of three such will be found in this number, and we take pleasure in commending them to the atteiuioii of nui- i-eaders. The Crops in Penns\hania^ As a general thing the crops of INnn >\ 1 \ ania never pi'omis'd liner. At prcsiMit writing, •inne 2G, the weather foi- li:iy making is, and has for several days j>a-t been \ir;s jifopitious. Tic grass i- \cry heavy and the hay well cured. 'ihe grain could not be boft(M*, In some counti(*-< violent storms leiyo beaton it down, but this is not generally the cas(\ 'Jdiecoel- ne>s of the t-irly part of the season ha-- retiirdcd the coin, tliough the genial shuwcr.-: ui' the p;!-t fcW < are scarce, in many .sectie>ns, and that the gr;iln aiul grass reaping machines will 1)e more oxtensivel}' used this harvest than ever before. Hrevit\. As the ninnber ol' onr corre-^p, indents i.> rai)idly increasing: nnd we urc vei"y dcsiidiis to give our read- ers as great a \ariety as possiblt\ we hav(> to roipu'^st thnt cori-e>iiondeii!-, ^yill he kind enough to make their conununications as brief as they can, c(nisist(Mitr ly with the character of tlndr subjects. We make this r(Mjnest for another reason. Tin' g,.,. jt object contemplateil by the I'aian dournal i.ein_. the dissemi- nation of Nalual'le agricultural infornnxtion, it he- comes important that the articles be of moderate length, in order that onr w (udvly newspapers may copy them without inconvenience. Slnu-t articles are more generally read than long ones, and conse- quently more generally useful. M Attention to Youn^ Cattle. The essential requisite to perfection in an nnitnal is (Tonerous and eareiVd feidiiig from its birth. Many farmers neglect their young catth> and exi)ect to re- jKiirthe neglect }>y over feeding when fattening for market. This ir. a gross error. young animals suller bcvcndy i'loui hard faro, and the farnc'rwho neglects his yfnirlings, will never suc- ceed in r.-iring a- fnie cuw- and ox»-m a^ le^ that from the hour of their birth give> his .stoid; hi- care ont delay, be numln i.d among its contributing mem- bers— which may be done by application one nu)nth prier I" a!nii--i"n, a! an < xpense of three dollars an- inially, or twenty-f!\e d.dlar for life. A fiii-ther in- ducement to ailmit aie! discharge this (daim, ly an earlv application for ambership is, that • The constitution ..r '" ^''''i''"'' ^• 'I- ■''■i:";n7 P';;vil;"^'<;;^ onintojl, the in nibers are allowed, both at the hall luid at home, tie free use of the library (embracing the best works on almost everv scitiitilic and useful ^object,) and that each member !< allowed ]']•>'!' iieke!> (-1 admission for tw(» ladies and liim-idf, l" the annual a.nd ;.ll the moiithlv exhibitieii- and 1 ii-iness meet ings of the S(>- tul attentien and ]>rovides good feed in suitable (pnin- . ^.;^.j^.^ whicli, independently .d" all otln r cMn/idera- ;it;es, and coml'ortablo slndter from the in(demencies j ;i,,ns, should b;- deemed more than etpiiN rdeni to the of the weather, liy careful attention we ,h. not mean >nKill contribution re.juired. unnatural forcing, as this is iVe(piently a-; prejudiedal as neglect, but a kind, gem-rous judicious treatment w];icii 1. - the aninnil eontinnallv thri\ing. of a meri' tlireet comnM;n''a!i n\"-ir!) riiiladelpbia, has long been 1 It, and by the want of Delaware county. The superior dair\ Ing ad\ antagos possessc'd by Delaware Vounty, should induce the Philadeliduans to lend vigorous aid to the undertaking. Delaware (Ounty. AVe are "lad to learn tluit an entci prise well cal- culated to aelvance the agiicuiLUial and manulactiu-- inir pro^j.-iity td Delaware a.nd Chester counties, is Lancas'IKU, diNi: '2.\, l.^ol. , ,,,,,i.,v,:.kinL: bv their (dti/.(Mis. h i^ proposed to iuaivc Mi:. Si'WGLER — I send yon herewitli a -talk of | .^ |;,,ii i;,,;,! tr,,ni >\ e-i ( diester t" IMnladelphia, pass- <'oad wheat. v>!im h wa^ rai-eil in St. Marv'> enmity, j inirthroufrb t\io heart of Delaware county. The want 'dd., from a specincn idaainetl tVoni the i*atent of- ticiv It was ]»resented to me on the p.i'h in--t., by .Nir. Sand,-, cdiiur of the Ann;rican farmer, Baltinii-re. Mr. S. informed me that ho travelled nearly one hundred miles to see a field of one hundred acres in which it grew. It is judged the whole field will average forty bushels p( r acre. The valual)l(; i td" thi-- Avheat are; it< re- nnirkably well lillcil head, togcth- i- with a stalk of uncommon ihicknev^^ amply abh- to sustain it. It has a strong resemblance to a kind called Sool's wheat, which was introdneerl in tlic nt^nnevv-o conn- try in 1 84.3, although soiU'W hat dili'er. nt in aj)}»ear- •I'lce; the Sool's wheat had no beard and w;i-. lighter in the straw. On gofnl hind it wi.uld yif Id thirty or in. .re 1 uAe 1> to the acre, ^vhile it seldom fulg.-d. the ■^traw' Iw'in'j- \'iy ^tr"!.;-: in ]ii-op. a'l ion to it> liei-ht, <>i;r hiiau' r- wiiile harvesting tledr prostrate wh-at tins season, wdl orxhahl v see the nece-^sitv id' ii'.ti'o- ducing sonu'th'n-: of thi^ kin 1. Uespectfully yours, S\^^ it Pelton, Jr. [The sample above referred to, may be seen at W. U. Spangler's Book Store, .NcrLli Queen street, Lan- caster.— Ed.] Circular. Wo have received "a ( iici ir expressive con cisely of the objects, advantages and claims ..f the IVnnsylvania Horticultural Society." After enume- rating the general bemdits whiidi h.ave resulted to the eonnnnnity in the great impn^vt nient ,,{• voo-otables, fruits, flowers, &c., the new \aiietie^ introvlucod, the improved intelligence of gardeners and nurserymen, " 1 ^lujiiters, 1'). idx-hire Agricnltni-al Society, barmei-^' (lub-^. ( 'ucnmber Ihi j;. - ~ * A u,ricu!tural C'dhie..-. Sketch of the hi-tmy t aiel the p.-;ir trees, Fleas, - - - Lancaster county Fruit, - - _ Chester county Horticultural Exhibition, lull inl I'il! \(r2 1 ( ►:i I ( >', IcG IdS 11(1 11:2 1P2 II-..! ii;i I I :\ DwaiT P e-e 1 lees- An evening walk in June, 1 I 1 1 l.ivt !< uli oral S' .cn'in 1! Premium- (dihe.ster CO. 1 b a tit uli ur.d Soc'y. ll;_' I:npr-\e,,,„iiums—]bnv the newpostage law affects us, ' Ln'erorise of American and English Farmers, PJl AcknowledLnnents— A v(ace from tlu^ west, iLl .\ ^isitto \^T. Chester— Agrieuk warehouse, (knana — Crops in Pe r>i;i-Heetle, Calloway Ox, - Scaling or Pruning Ladder, Delaware county, P22 I L'd 1 -.-'d 07 '.*'d 1i.J ADVKirnsKMKNTS. 125 No 54, Soutli IVhd ves Ihlow Walnut St>cet. "LKRIIVI AN Mild P.itagniiiii riii;ino, ("..r -i:\\i- in l;ir;ie or «mril! ^ quantities, ill buircls and hags, on ri-aHiinhlf terms J()Si:i'M L JONKS, No. M. Sontli VVliurves, IMiiludelphia. Analysis Phosphate of .Wapnesia 15,4 CarhoMJite of Magnesia 1.7 Alkalinf Silts 0 0 Oiganic Mailer 20. G AiiMiionia 2.8 Wal.r l'i.4 Sind iVo. ()."2 •'The 45,4 parts of Phosphate of IMaj^ntsia rmitams 98, T.*) parts of Pli'tsphoric! Aciii. Tin" t::iiani> is of cxcellt'nt (jiiaiitv , cdntaiu- iiii! n<-arlv oiiH half of inatt-r of tiit- high, st valnc in Aiiricniturr, besidi'S one fourlli of organic niiUcr iii a good slali- foi aj)i)lifation to tl.t* Soil.'' ili-Kult ot an analysis of a lot of Patagonia flnaiio in Store, and for sale l)y .lOS. L J()\j;S. July 1.) No. 51, Soutlj Wlnirves, Pliila. Harrlhbur^ A^riculluial Macliiiie shop. (iUANO, pEJ{ I" \'l A.\ and Patagonia (jiMiio for sa'e in lots to suit pur- ^ chasers, hy J t;ASSi:[)V .V SON. No. I'2l, South Water i't., n few doers ahove Dock st , I'liila. July I 4.|y, Z,^' •nKRK'^n nil: PIGS and South Dnvn SI p ..f Pare Hlond, f,.r "^ *'»'^ ''V J.\S TJIOHN ri)N, Jr., July 1 Gin. liytjcrry, Ph.hidelphia Co. GUANO AND rLASTi:K. rillK .snhscrihers otler for sale at the hjwest market rates, •*- lOOU Tons Dry Patagonia (J-i mo. 500 '' (iovemmeiit Peruvian Guano. f>00 hhls. Ground Plaster. The quality of the ahove is unsurpassed, nnd enw he recommend- ed with coiihilene« to farmers and others in want of the anicies. A liberal deduction made to Country Meri-hants. Al.l.KN A NKFJM.KS. No 2-2 k 23, S. Wharves, First Store above Clies. st., Plii!a J^ll: 4-7m. TO TAIOI I :!<«*? LANPHIKU & COIiRKCIlT 1^ KSPRCrFlIi.LY mviif ifi • M'l.-iiiM.ri of Firmpr^ i and others to their Estal.l islunent f.r the mannl\uture of mrinnig iinpleinentsand especially to liicir ce'eliralrd JMPROVl']D (iKAiN F.ANS winch they confidently assert will do more work o, a shorter space K^l time, and with less lahor, than any other Fan now in use Tiies. I' ana. wherever introduced, have given complete satisfa^-tion and n large number of testimonials could be procured, testifwn.r to th> ir snjx rior merits. J fa » Ti.ey also luanafaetnrc, to order, Auricultnra! Implements of va- ri .us kinds : such as iitraw Cutters, Cultn-ators, Ploutihs, Harrows, enmo'rv'n''"' '"'"V >*'■>"' ^^xpcrience in the best shops in the c mnlr) , they are prepared to do w..rk of a superior qualitv a little cheaper ban any .th.re.tl.alishment in the State. Thev will w r- ran all iheir wrk to be what it .b represented. A warrant irTven with every Gram Fan. giving the purel,:..s..r the i-nvie.e of re turning it, shou d il n..t .h. good aii.t q.nek work ' " t'- '" '^■■ firrJnni'-"'r '.';''"'"■ ^"r""' '"'"^ <'<-«--Xpense,any <1.8tance with in " " " 2. small size, . . ' ^i;, " Seyernlgood and responsible Agent.s wanted in the We^f"; rn and Mi.hlle pa.t of Pennsylvania, tn whom a fair ,., 'entaVc w he allowed. All orders ad.lressed to Lanplner and (inrr ' If I ' caster Pa., will meet with prompt atlentio... June I f M STKRVKrx& CO. II AVE recently esf iMish d a Shop, for the mnimfacfure o! irAfj/cr'v Ptitfnt Hnr'it f'oirf-rs arnl Thtf shfr^. with SejinrntnT, also, ('Clover Ilnller s, Feed Cutlers, Corn »S'hellers, (iram Dnl i, Cirrulftr Snir I\li/ls. <.Sc c 'I'liese liorse Powers and Threshers are favorably known where- ever lin , n.ivt; i«»< II (i.>t- .'^tand erect and frvd \s ith(>iit anno\aiiee fr^an dust.) liv means of tiie S,>p;ira' i(^n The .^tiaw.as it c(tmes ironi the machine, is thorcHighly separated from the gram. PRirKs AT IIAKinSBURG*. For Two TI.Tse M;i(diine, .... et]\Ofiif eliajfc m'>in-\ (if paid will be le 1 n b'd. These Machines will al.s • be m innt'acfnreii ;it the Uorniiirh of Lebannn on and aft-r the 'slot July. Fiveptf cent will be discounted on the above pric(-s if paid within ten days. Orders respectfully sollicited. M II STFFVFR .V CO , Meadow Lane, between 2d and id st , liarrisbur?. Pa. May, 1851. ^ j.tf, R. BlUST, NURSERYMAN &. S E E D G ROW E R, nAS '^1'^ nv«i r.M hum) nf h i«« sopil S 'tm 07 C^»^^«mU Street, Philadelphia, a larcc stock of Seed.s ,,f hi.s own growth, (I i-fTi/ inij o>lrnitit-)n to i^mr/iau r.^.as he is a practical (grow- er and has bet n engai^rd III his profession over :i() \ ears Ills nurse- ry ground is amply stoek.-d with Fruit. Shade and Ornamental Trees, accurately nam. d and properly entt i vatrd. Kv-'rv atticle Sold al the lowiRt rati s and wariaiited to be as reprcscnttal. Seed Store. 07 Chesnul Slr.-.-t. Phiiadelphia Nurseries and Seed I'artn, I)arl)v Road, two mi't s below Cray's Ferr\ J"'"^ 1. 1^1 ' R. BUIST. FARIIEHS. TF V'OU hnvp Hr)rsps ifi;ii h.vp hopn uTJiirfd by' -::^vou^:uX;;^^.;rr,^:-- wm^irel^auirthiuT ''• ''■"V''" "'^''•'•" '•'''« "^ youvlmharopavf ;;nrf tt?"^"-;?'''' '^^'^^" •"- »"■•" June 1, 1861) IllLLsi^ ct.ARK pi^^' "'r/ ' ""^'" '*'";'-^ '^ *^ '^-'A^*"') ^'Imiri., Chemung CO ,N.V. Hh^NKY I .Tim»|.f:u, {SuccessiT to Joseph P. // amtes.) Dealer In Grass and Garden Seeds. No. 41), Market Street, Philadelphia. lAfv Iiivurnurr lor Ilor^c s, ti;r. 'pIlE American lave Stoek Insurance Compnnv. (Stockholders in- ^ dividua.ly Li.able) for the in.Hirance u( iiies, MvUs. Vitzt Bi.>ls,Shr''r,('nttlf. 4v . au'a list Fiic. Water, Accidents and Dis- ease. Als ), upon Stack driven to Kastern markets, or transported South. * JOHN ir. FRICK Genera! Agt-nl for Pennsylvania, Pliiladeli)hia. HKFI KKNCES : Philadelphia. Wood, Abhott \- Co., J Truitt. Brother \ Co , ' Coates (^ llrown, S A gents: JOHN '/IMMI.IJMW, Lancaster Pa. CII Aindl.s F. IhMCK, Reading Pa. SAMUEi. H. TAYLOR. Mauch Chunk, Pa. Dr. John G. Scovkrn. Veterinary i*?nrgeon, May, 1851.) Examiner for Luucuster County M IMWMitBai Willi 1 111 .sler 1 ountv At;rieuiliiral WAREHOUSE &, SEED STORE, Jli^'k Strcit uav (he Jin ticultuiul nail, VVlvSrCHlvSlKK, PA. rpllR «nb«rrih'is iM c iM.e.-d.Mo unh ih-'ir f\\'pnp.vi> I Niirs-ry C irt mtly on hand and fur Bile a complete assortment of A^'iniltitml nnl llmt>n,.ltuuil hn-'l^ni'-nt'^. consiting. m part of Ib-r^e Pow. rs and I hreshers, I'loUH of ditler.nl sizes ami patterns among which are the cele- bral.d"HagleSeif-sharpeniiig." Proiily .'v .Meais' Cr a r- Dralt. '^ubH.il. S.d.-hill. ilc. \c . Harrows, Cii tivators, VMoal Dribs, Se.-d SoW'-rs. Corn planters, Fanning Mills Corn shellers. Straw and llay Cutters. CImrns of various siz s and paltrrns Harvesting {o.laof everv (I'Scription i in a word eveiy miplement ii.-ce.ssary to the I-\irin."r and (lardener. ami of the most approved kinds ami patt.-ras can be had at our Warehouse. Also, tiiverp()(»l. Ship siii:.\ \.\i)(>Aii ("ajit. \V , 1'. ( I'anliiKT, New ship VVE.'=;T.MnKi I .\xn Cupl. P. A . Ocean, New pIi'p SflACKM.AXOX, Cai-t. W. H \Vti6t. f Apt)! \ \M;.xoii, A M., \M'li l^irge adJilions. hy J J Kerr, M 0. 1 Ins ii.ueJwiih MXTY FIVE portrai's, from nature, engraved expre^slv tor ihis work. ' ' CONTENI'S. The ['(oiiit'stic l"(.wl. 'llii; R<'ariiiL,' niui .Manaiicmeiit o'^ I'owlri. ^ Kifg-^ — Their Co'or. Form and Sex. p^jrirs — Iheir Pf'scrvu' loi lor Ciilniary Purposea. Ef^gs — rinir Presorvaiion tor Incubation. Varieiio.'* ot ihc Shanohac Fowl. The Cochni Ciiina Fowl. P.. iriihani's lin[)oriation of Cochin Cliim Fowls ^ ou.>.j ini-u^. The .Malay Fowls, sometimes (ihuui^h crrunou^Iy) | ,,^ ,„„.,. t-nn-. wlo called Chiiingonu:. The I'heasant — Malay Fowl. The (iiielderland Fowl. The hovkniii Fosvl — Colored Dorkin<;«. The Spaui.-h Fowl Siiip MARY PI FASANTS, f July luh Capi. 11. K. Oetan, li The ahove first fda.=;- shijis are hiiili ot ttic \,v>{ niaicii- al.s, and commanded by e.xiicnencetl na\ toators I'uc re- gard ha.s been paid to select modt Is hjr.^pe* d \\ i ; ecni- lort lor jKiss'rrgeis. 'i'fiev will .'s age to Liveijii ol m ihe ( ;.l),ii, ^^-O •' l-'orwaid caloii, lO " " Steerage, ] • > Passage from Fivt rjiool in tin' cabin, jeO '* " Forward calon, i'3 " " Steerage, 20 Those wboN\i-h to remit m«)i.( y, eaii be aecoieniodaied wiih draiis tor X' 1 -leilm,! a-d epwar'U-, a' --I'.ib', \v bout di.seomf. Apf.ly to ( ; lOO. Mcll F N K V \- C O. June 1, i^oi. 37 \\ alnul :^tl(.ct. JOHN H. S.MITHS REM)V;\TING 0I.\T.)1EM .v IIOKSE RE.NOV.l'fi FDWLEKS. ^ 1 ^ 1 11". ant ii'T I f "ur fxi-t lii.'c li.i.- eau-ed to Lfiw up ^p"!itane- ! JL ou.-ly. llirou^loiut the w rid. >>ueh vrgrtablr piopci t ir.- a.-, will 11 pii'p'aly appli' d ail curable di.-tH>}>rii-tor of tlu'si- truly valualib" Midicines luiulit till a vi !»ime, Willi ( ti t iti( at« .-^ and 1 t si iui'nii.ii-. in taV'-r of li i-i uilit I. > ; but c<»nsid<'ring ."in-li j ulV-. \\lii;]y u>< b-x. .vnn-e tiny are .- u-e ot to vucb an ••xtent t' )> dm off sonie u.. ()i N I Mf ^ I Is a 11 i u va 1 iK'i bb' Te UK d > lor lior- .lar.scy W uc Fowls. The l*uland or Polish Fowl. ^ ... _, . The Spangcd IlaniburgS — Tho Bolton Groy.s or 1 .-^.s. in the cure ol the following di.^.-ases : Fri-sh U ound^, C.Uh of Creo'cT'owds ' '*'' kinds. Sprains. IJrui.-es. Kiiigbone.s, Poll Kvil. \\ ind (Jallg. rfi ,, , V^ 1 .1 on 1 vr ,^ ^ V,.w.l^. ' Spavins, Sweeny. Fistula. Strains. Lamene.-.-, H'lundend Fett, Ihc Rumplcss Howl, the Sdkyand Negro ?oul.s. ^ ^i^^^^^^^^^^j,,^._.f^j^,,,,.. " "iv- , ,.'. , , ,, • , . ' T. 1 r /• 1 I 'racks, and Serat( lies the I'ri/./.icd or r riesland rowl, the CucKoo The ab .ve urticb-s are to he had in most of tho ( ities an 1 pri Fowl, the IMuO Oun Fowl, and the Lark-crcsicd I cipal Village.- througlo-nt tlo- I nited Slates, and 111.' I an;o!as Fowl " ' '■■•-■' ' ' For sale wholesale and retail, at John 11. bmiLh'd 1)> p >t No l'J3 The Smooth legged Bantam. . | FuUou ...reet. r^d fl..or ) Vw S ..rk ,,,, ,x I II 1^* 1 1 i\ • • -r* 1 r* ! . ^! • Price 'J.) cents pel- bo.\ i"r the Ointment: aO cents for tio- Horsn ihe Oung-hill towl. the Ooimmque Fowl Colonel j,,.,,,,^,,^;,,^, I'owdeis. Fursaleby DK. KLV P\Kit\. .laeques Cnicken Coop, OevereilX .S Method ot Apnl »Jm| p:ast King str.-t I anca^t. r I'a Keating Chickens without a Mother, and Cope's Letter on Farly Chickens. CtpOni/ing Fowls. TIk^ Pea Fowl. The Riiiji-nccked Pheasant, 'ihe Turkey. Tlu" (Juinca Fowl. The Mute Swan (Cvgnua Olor). The \Vil(0)r Canada (Jooee. Th'" Ooinesiic ( Jooso. Tin; lIoMir Kong or China (I0030. Tin' Hrcnu'n ( It)ose. The Wlnte-tromed or Laughing Goose. 'Phc Wlutc (.'hina (Joose. The Bcrmclc Uoo8e — The Brent Gooee. The Tame Ouck. This work is well houud in muslin, and is printed on the finftHt paper. The illnstratioi n are engraved in the most \ y^r tiie h.-nt \Wy Irens 1st Premium •legant maimer, from origmal and accurate drawiniis and I For the best ' (>rnsh< !l.i. ut I'remium The BF«T and .MOleiiieiit!!i & illiKliiiicry F.xUibited at the State Fair in ls.')0. will he .'■een by the award of I'n iniums below : AWARDKP TO K. WHITMAN, dU., 55 Li^ht Strtffy Ihi/timorr, by the .Maryhniil Slate Jiirricu/tural Socit ly. At their 3rd Annuil ^alr h. Id in naltinioi-e 'JGd. 'JMi and 2.")th O. t(d)(r. IS.'O. For the b' Kt ri(W in the Mowing .Match, the rr..u*y a; .Mears So U\ f- h) OO For the best riowing witli Ox Team, same plow, (.oo 2a (0 4 IK) K CO 6 00 4 IK) 2 0(1 2(m 4 00 126 ADVERTISEMENTS. PU".. iJK ^wnva^tie^ ^-v.m..t \hu. IIUvl&IaiKil IViiiseiii'S, rv^'wbsts'jj;!! il. V, ASW'T, & ro. b»'K loavc to call ihc nttrtition nf r.mlers » and i'lnaters of'l'rtH's. and the i>nl)li(' in '.roicr.-il. to ♦licir ve- ry lurt^e and ( ()n)i)l(to utock of Fic Ul T AM) ( >!{ .\ A \1 UNTAL TKKKS. whii'l* tlM'y ofT'-r for s;il<' tlic ('(((nin^ .'l)riiia[;-atcd iind'T Uifi innnt'diate t^nixrvisiiii ( 1" Mr. Sanl. mIim-.^ Xdw^ ((iiinrc- ti'.ii with tliis «'staMisliiii:Mit i-. Y^^n\^■ frua.raiitcc lor the accur.K y 1(1 t he ; lock now oll^Tod li;r,-alt'. Il f()iisi.-t^ in parLofovi-r liO.OUO Tear 'I'rces. 5 to 8 feet lii^li. and enibra.rintr all the load- inf^ Slajidinl Varieties, as well us tho-e recently introilueeij. (d" merit, eitherof AnnTienn or Foroifjn ori;;in. 20000 Ay\,W. Trees, of Kxtia sizr.t^ t.. M ar.d 1 _' feet li'ii^h in- cluding eAcry variety worthy of cnllivation. 10,000 IMuin Trees. 5 to 8 feet, of every known Kind of reputa- tion, as well a.-, all the novelties of reeent introduction. JO (jOd < herry Trei h. G to 8 teet anil over, among which will bo fvYund all thi^ desirable and choice varieties. A laru'*' sttn k of handsome. M-eli prown trees, of reacli A pricol, Nectarine and (Quince, in every variety. Also, Grapevines. Native and Koreijrn; Raspberries, Goopeberries and rnrraiils. Strawbirry Plants and Hfcnlent I.'oots. snch as Aspar- »v;us. ijiubaib. »Seitkal»!. ^ic.. oi liie nio.-l approved kind.s. Tear and tiuinee. Cherry on Mahal(d>. and Apple on Paradise stocks— fur Pyramids or Dwarfs lor garden culture, and embraces all the kind.-i that gueceed i)n those stocks. IMI'OKrANr TO FARMERS 4nienee in moving is not surpassed or equalled by an» Machine in the United Stales; he al>o conlidrntly alTlrms that n' Machine of its strength and duraliility can be afford (d as low — The invention of thi-^ Maeiiine liai been the result of so voril years experience and h.ird slody We do nut claim to have dj.. covered any new principle in philosophy— hut we do claim to hitv. di.«eovered :i p];,n by which old philo- '.,,l,i,.;,l j.rinciples are nior«' correctly and advantageon ly aj)plied than on any otlnrMachiuf This invention is secxired by a caveat. 'I'he-c M.udiines can be h;id at I-ra.d W . GrrfT"-' !M-i(diin<' SlK,r, and at I'riine ,V ('obs(<>ek\^ Sa^h Factory io .North Duke str<'<'i l.ancaster city, at retailor by wl!.b>,il,." (,n the most rea«onab'.' terms. _ 'Ph.- l\)wrr wighs COO p.mnd^. It U made entiielv of Iron will, Stcd Journals, and is warranttil to In-M S Horx-; >li..uld it ;ir \ time be necessary to us<' so many. Fr^nn 2 t<. 4 IIotm-^ arc a stiHi,- ietit number lor common threj-liiiiir. We are alMul 'r'tti!i"u- e!li .IjM'st aiKl one much liglitcr for Sboii purpo^^es tli.'it will !.<■ t m >st <'i.nvenicnt thing in u^e; it niiglii all.int • ing. &.C.; such as Doedar and Lebanon Tedars; Araucaria or ( hii- ianPine; I'ryptonnria japoniea; the dilferont varietiesot lines, Kirs. Spruces. V cw.h. Arborvietas. ttc. WK»<:i'lNG TRKK.S— New Weeping Ash. (Fraxinus lenti.sci- folia iiendula) the Old Weeping Ash. Weeping lapancpc Sophora, Weejiing l-.lms. (of ports) Umhr. lla Headed Locust. W ee),iug Mountain Ash. Weeping iiecch, &,c., &c ; together with eveiy variety of rartMajile, Native nndFoicign; I- er ii ■ 1 » a und mond and t'liei-ry; ( h<-snuts Sjiani>}i and Ann'rican; i om .--a^e r'oppcr Ueech; Judas Tree. Farcli. t p' applicant.s. A luge .[U.'ntily of Arbor\itf(T to priced Catalogne. A liberal disconnt will be mail'e to persons who buy, to sill again, and exlem-^ivo planters, on their ownacouunt. April ''I'^IIF nd.ntio!. y.i lUe culLun.-ts i.-. ii.\U.a Ij lui- iinproTci J. T')«n Mr. (HJniore i.~< a gentleman of great experience and success in the cult or.' of Pee.v; his im[>r(!verneiit i- tb.e result of many year* tria.l; his result h;i^ no parallel in t he lii-t-rv . f the i>ast. 'Phe Agent ol ti I'< nn:- vl vania l>:irm Jiniriial" is Hie Agont of (Jilmore's Sy-tetn ,-.{ Ilivin- and Feeding the i5ee in thi^ St;itc Ihe price of a Hive and Fixtures ^3.(H) '' " .,,. , ■' ■' Family Right 3«l •Jown.'hip IHghts from iflO to ^20. L'ounty •• - ^-M) .. j^oqo. ''A Talk abont the Honey Bee."' a defence of Gilmore's rvF tem. contain.s. also. tcKtimonials awards of i'remiums to (;ilmen trom the leading F-'airs and Instilutes in tliis (ounti\ ; 12 c»nt!> ."in-le; ;f.l, 00 per dozen — gr.atis to i)atron.'. ( ircularrisent to any applicant. Addre~>;. post paid. . J B. MAVXATID. ^i^""~^^ Laneaster. Pa. .« « « • « « ^^.9^^'- '"i!l. Til. cfinrf TI' Seed aiktl Am icdfiliirnl ^'ari lioiise, V^\h Afarlftt Stmt, J'/u/a,/t//>/na. W'E offer to our friends and cu>tonu'rs. llu- largest assortment of Agricultural implements. (]arde)» tool.^. und N-M-d.-^. ever offered in this Market, consisting in j)art of the following, viz : Trouty and .Mears' Patent hi),in,-t premium st If-.-barpening Ploughs, right and left handed side bill SnbM»il. of varions sizes, «f FUpeiior materials and workmanship, warranted to give Palis- fuction. or the money ndurned— Four highot premium'^ awarded to these l'lough.s at the New York Fair, ISoO. Also. Beat h and Far Share Plonghs; Spain's improved Barrel t'lin-n. constructed in 8ueh a manner that the da.-her may he removi d from the in- 8ide of the ( burn by simply unscrewing the ban lie from Hm dot^her. Hay. straw and < orn-stack cutters, in great varity. among which may be found Hovey's superior premium straw-cut- ter, of every S17,i>. ^ r r Also^Hor.so-power Threshing Machines Fan Mills, Torn Sbcl- Icrs. ( heeso I res?es. Seed I'lanters. Dirt Scraper^, .^ngar Mill.. Ox \okeK and Rows. Turnip Drills, Horse Kakes, Swatlie Scythes. Concaved Hoes Spring Tempored Ca.st Steel. Oval and Souure Manure iind Hny I- orks. Pruning Shears and (1.1^1.. beach and bnr Share, repairing pu-ces and castings. Peruvian, Patagonia mid prepared Ouano together with a complete a^.ortment of jraw. gardou and fi^dd Feeds, all of which will be gold at the low- «A poj,s,bl,. prices, at leii Market street. Pbilad.tphia ApvUO-tf PROUTY Ic BARRETT KAVK been di-tribnted throughout the I'lii. has bei n ii; fuc •e.-^ful opt ration for npwards of Sij-'ij 1 <(I'' and may be said lo liave grown up with the ( it y ot I hilad- lldii^ win re it was at lirst locateil. It has bein gradually enl rged tr meet t'le growing wants of tli.' lublic. and is now. as it ever h^ bi'cn. the most exleiisive of its kitid in thiseounlry. The ground:' in culiivaliwii being ten-told greater than those ol any fimilai concern in the Fnit- d Males. As the Seeds s, bl by ih,« proprietor are (with flight exception' of his own rais'ng he is consecnn ntly. cnahb d to ''(i ,i • H'.nrani r//p/H . a matt, r oi importance to the'|)ur( h iser of an ariiele th< (juality of wbi. h ca lu'.'t be «bti rininrd by the eve. Dc-cnpU*^ t atalo^ues in i.ngii-hand < German gra( ix AI.-0 for sale. Impb nx'nts lor Farm and (lard-n in larL'e variet.T' FA.NDUF.'Pirs .A^Miriiltnral Ware ||oii-;e. April Sign(.l the Plougli. 0> < hesiiut st., 1 hiladelpliift ?eed niid .Ap^rictjltural Wanliotise N). 29. Market Sfyrct, Pfula. 'HF-RK the suh.scriher has onciuMl nu extensive aRsorttiicid ' I presciiird W (.RAss AND GAHDEN .'iEEn.^,<)f liis ou'ii raising, or reecnl nnpcf tatnni, and warranted to be as rei resented He 18, also, manulai-luring all the im^st approved A Lrnru'tnrfll ImplenienlB, among wliicU he would call the iiUcnlion ..? Fariiicru to a new article <,f /'h.vv, of Iiih own iiiventi.-n. called (_•a^t StcO. l-'.xtendiiior /',,int. Self t be seen to be a;>preciatcd nil of which will v>c sold on the »no«i rcisouable prices hv M»y>l^l- C.B. KOGERf^ < It ADVERTISEMENTS. 127 ■^-■^ ---fci-^ * LL young persons should have a standard DICTIONARY at A llHir elbows And ^^hile yon are about it ^' t the hesl; ilvii InctionaryisNO.Mi U LhS PKllS. t he .m , .:^ wo.k ahn,l^,d 1 you are too poor, save the am..unt from olf yonr back, to put il into vour head. — /'/<» f«t)/<»j< Journal. r,i t- i-i l)r\Veb>ter'.-* great work is the best Dieii.,nary of the Lngh^h \'Mniru»i::>'. — lMiHlon Morning Chronicle. Tbi^ volume mu.st hnd its way into all our puhhc and good pri- vate libraries, fur itp.ovi.lestbeKnglish student >Mth a mass ot ,he movt valuable intoiniation \Nhichhe lu vaiu ticeks lor else- ^,,.ri, —Umilon Literary G.izittr. , rr j Ihe very huge and increasing demand tor ibn work, affords tl- h^sl posubte evidence to th.; publi^lnTs that it is highly •neceptabletolhegr.>at b(dy ot the Amen.an peopb'." Containing thnt (inns the amount ol mail, r ot any otn. r i-.n- Pli-h Dictionary couiiob d in this c-.untry, ..r any Ahnd-in-nt ot ^''pubiob.d Iv (J .*i' C. MFKRI.VM. Springlirl.l. Ma>.P.,ai;d for sal,. l,y U" H SrA.N(.JLFK, Lanca^l. r. Pa. April, $500 to $2,000 aa Yai. 1 o o « A CI fi] .\ T s y'k \ :i i a: hj . TN all the States (.f the Fnion. to canvass for the following Tm- ))oitaut and \ aluable Works, which are sold by sub»»cnptioir \\ e have now about two hundred Ager>ts in the liebl nmny of them clearing Irom two to kjgiit ijomaus i-n: oay. It will be been that th' y are all of a very popular and desirable kind, and calcu- lated tt» please almost every ta>to. For furtlnr particulais apply (post paid) to the publisb..r>. DLl'vBV 4: M I LI LH. Auburn. N. V. NEW YORK is^ricisUnR-al Warcliousc & Seert Slore, \K)andVJl W^nttr StKtt. ri-'II'^ ; bv f-ir the mo-t extensive er< Tbre^b.-rs ( orn Shelbrs. Heap- ing and .Mowing MacbireB, Hay. i;otton. i ohacco. un. anu luy »;(>o>-e8. brick .Ma. hineK, Shovels. Spades. Hoiie. Slanure and Hay Forks, &c.. &c. Ganhti [mjilrmrjits. — Tlusv an- im]H,rtrd by us dir< ft fr. m tb.- P.ngli^h manufaclurer.s. or made In re to our order. '1 li< y coijsist of a great vnriety of the cboic. .^t kinds undi as Tnu.-bing and Weeding Forks. Piuuing and Hedge Sheais. Fiow.r .and 'i'wig Cutt.>r>. &c. The assortment for ladies is* particularly choice and well selected. Field arid Garden Seedg— Those are grown expres^ly for us both in Kurope and this country. They ar.* of the choicest kinJ.s »u;d of ^'reat v.iriely. Va also obtain, as soon a> suffleicntly tried and w. II a|>prov«'d. every new kind of bced .-uilabb. t'^ be eiiiii v.ited in the 1 nurd Slates /'. .0//r//s. — Peruvi.iu aii I ratagnnian Guano r.onedu;t. Poud- rAi^. Pla*iter of Paris «^c. Manufactory of .'Igti u'lural Lii^!. mnit i -\y e have a lirge mnnulacturing e; labb.-l.ni' nt in t hi - city, v. h.'re v.e wdl proinpily juake to ordir an> new arlicic or impU nient required by tin' h ar mer or Planter Exctlxior Sind rapt-r.— X new and very sujhm ior kin.l inilsirs C;( inian Cattle I'owtler. 'piMS IN.'.vbris c;bbratcd b^r the J cure and prevention . fall diseases to whi.'i < itlb" Mil. h Cows. Sheepjind Pi;;s ar.- -nl'j. ct . and is the .mly prej)- nratioii up ui v^hi.h fnll conlidetice fan be pl.uud. Fur .N.ilch t ows it is tt the gr.Mite.'^t importance, w.uvler- ,m^p«^-t wMif I'J.'.»^<^ ' 't ,j - fully in.-n .a.'^ing tlie .iiiantity ami w^SSan^ff^S^-'^'^^r^^ 'lu.ilily .1 ih. ir miik. and will *frcctu.illy prevent .an 1 cure Hul low Horn. Murrain &c VKCiKlArj.K HORSIvTOWDKR. W irnh will cure l)jv|i mp.r. Hid' l>ound. Lo'-= of Appetite. Found, r. \ ellow Water. F.iwncss of "HO^Y \ K\nMF1l y\ W BECfnTF, U]C!I '' BLAKK'S FAUMKRS KVJ:UV I'AV inoic, Or. how a i* arm< r can beconi" Rich — b j:ig ^ket^ll.•s oi bit. m th^ Country; with the I'op.ular l-l meiits «)f practical an.l theoretical Agiieulture. and twelve hundred Laconics and .Vpat In gms rcla ting to .Morals. Regim.' and general Literaturt-; «No f.oo R. ceiplg i .ui Health. ( .Mikery and Domestic flcujomy; with 10 line illii t'.n- i lion>-' respecting tin- various sf-ene."* alien 1 mt upon firming, i !( j By.'ohn F Blake. D !).. author of • Biographic. il Lictio.Kiry. ' ' •■ hnnily F.tu'v.d"]" dia. " i^'-e. '1 he juibli!;. r- r.-spictfully announce, that they Iniv unbv t ik 'U the pul'!:c ition of this large and bi autiful Work with a ! wew to supply a le-i l-ratum th ',1 h is I uig been f- It -a fM.^k f«-r KVKRv Fm;'>uk> l.iKiivBv; b'lieviug th.it the vcnerabb.' author hue •produeed a woi k t!i it will he worth its weight in gold to every farmer's family that thoroughly peruke it. It i.-i proper to statw I that Dr Blake i- a ruAcricAL fakmkr, and has recluiined a sterll** I and worn out piece .d' land into a v.iluatd.- inid iir.Mhietive firm ! which expi'rience. with his will known qualiticatioud uj* aa author. peculiarly fit liim to j)r<'pare a book for farmers. 'Ph<> work contains (m4 p.ig.'s. large oidavo. wi'h a mdto pup- rouuding each page— i.s priirted on Hue paj)er, an. I bound la .sub- stantial iraitati-'U Turkey Morocco, gilt back. Invariable retail price, !f.3 00. Agenlii wanted to canva.?.- for the .above. FROST'S ncToniAr. iiis roi^v of California. 'J he Hi-t.^ry 'd llo- Sl...te .,1 i ..;,; .. i.i . 1. ■ .a the «r,ili«.t period of her onfjuest bv the Spaniards, to her aci]ui.-ilion by the I nitcd States; with au account of the diMovery of the imuuau Gold .Mines, and the «iuanlity of (iold aln ady obtain* d; the enormons increase of population; » d'.scription of the mineral and agricul- t\tral resources of the country: with adventuii> und tr.vels among the Mines. Also, advici; to F.migrant.--. kk t'» th.* mo.-t desirubtp routes thither. To which is add. d the Constituli.»n of the Sl.n.. ; of California; with numerou.- illu>trati.>ns ai..l a map of (.alif.irni i and the (iold Mine-^; in i>ne octav.» voliune, 0' 0 pages; bound >m same style as Mexican War. Retail price, ^2 50. "J ,nM yifeparrd-l bav«' oreb'avorcd to dn mv dutv." 'i'HI': \AVV. Ol' Z.XOliAivV 1 AVI.Oli; Late President ot the Umtd States, including the ebbing scrn«j^ of his life and death. By H Monlgomery. F.mbelli-hed wit h n steel portrait and L'') illustrations; in one < b'gant octavo volumr 403 pages, well printed on line pap'T and bound in .'.ubhtaut>;M uiorocco. gilt back. '1 h.' lithtnings may flnsli. the thunder:^ may rattlr», II,. hi ai- no. I ■ b. !- I" t Ik's fr-f from .all p.tiii, He .'bap" hi- last 1 -p. h"' ha.- fought his 1 t,^t battle, No Konn I r.\.u nwak ■ bim to glory again. More than 10 OOit c.-pi* s .d" ilie above work have been soM by n.< Tiiid the d. III. Ill l- unabat.d. il is alluv> . d by ciil «•- to b.- tfo no -t conipb i< and auth'ijtic copy of any ol the works )oir|" rting C. be a Lb rl the (iy it .M.m of the Age, Retail price, » J uu. ar.'d ari-l sold at OH VHLFS A. Hl-d.M'lSn\S', Medicinal Drug and Chemical Store, No. i;j Kust King st., April— tt r,;in.';Lster I\>\v ami I*oiHilar 8cliool llooU. Pubibolo d and for isalo by S. W cor ner of r wm ».u auu l«U<'. nl . I Iili)l*l< I plii a -TcHcherH and School CommiMwyj furnJ«)iod with ropii iDalion. AUdrchs, po«t paid. A^xxi tf N tJ for bxumi F. S. JONK.S fe CO Fourth and Kuc. ht . I'hiijub Iphi a A COMPLF/n: IlISTOi; V OF THE WAR HFTWFFN THK I'NITFI) ^TAI FS AM) MFXKO, Fron\ th'' i-oinm.ncement of the battles, to ibe raiiia- at ion ( f tb*- Treaty .d Peace; containing a concise account .1 the -^pleiKSol militarv a. hievenients and glorions Tictones of tlje American Army un br ticnerals Taylor an. I Scott, and th'ir gallant com- p.itri.ds in arni^J Al-o. a concise account of the new hi Dorado, the Oobleii {.and < f C aiifoinia which was annex'-d tt> I ii'' ! nitrd Statis bv the tnaty of p. a"e llln-lrated with 1'4 pcirii.uts and battle -.'.n.-i, and a >-t. . 1 likene-^ < ■ t .\mer> ran (-■ to ra.h." etc ete 'Ihe v.-ork j> le.und in \;i- rious dcHcrlptions «»f iiiiinui-f.' at Mmh titin' Kttiiict inK tlif attention of llu' public. In view of tilts, and tlif undiT-i^^nt d iKHir^tly be lifvinji; tliat th»! ('iKMuical Compound nianufacdiirtd by them, is tilt! b\ st manure of whicli any knoNvlcdgc i.^ liad tor a Corn CiO,i; cliallcnji;('t* (iuano to the test uj)on the following condilion; He will fortiit One Hundred Dollars, to be preK»>nlc»i to the MiiiylaiKl A t^ricuitiiral .Society, if utiy advot :it«! (jf tiiiano will do the .-aine. that the Henovator ci'nipoDtided liv KelthMidl vV l).i\isoii will produce upon any soil, the largest crop id win^hid < (o /i. willidut rr^'ard l.i the si'/.c of the stalk. piN-vitlcd the I'rc^idiiit of llic State Agrieidluial Soeiety \vill stlect some jterson. in lii.s jiid^'Dient quaiilif,!. t.i ,-u|Miintriid tin- experiment 'i'ln- iiat ore tif t tie .so'l to be de,->erih< d. .-o Miat each jiarty can direct the mode uf fifipil- catiiin: two barrels (d the Salts t(» be used per aere. cn.'-t int; ^0 afui ;ji (I lb< ol (he (iuaiio costing; $7 lO. the party milking the cxjierum lit tn leeeive the manure tree ot cost. And the same nneinnt ag.tin.- 1 any uiauuie as a top drcssini^ iij)on timothy or Cii'Vcr, J(;ll.> K K I I LKWKl.L. Krltlcitu I! i^- /).;r)9«ri airain call ! he at liiition of A!j;ricultnrlst.« to tlieir various Cheinieal Mannre. — and in su doiiij;. they wouki be insensibli' to cummini gratitude, if they failed to express their proio uid acknowl djAUient s tor the con-'-taut and inereasinp; de- mand, which thuvs in njmii them for tin ir simple and compnnnd manurcM. Kaeh sj-ason ha.s greatly increased their sale.s, exl'-nd- ing -.ih far south as South Carolina. J hey can give no stronge. evidence of their faith in tlie vir- tu 8 >1 llieir manure, as the best Uuown for a corn crojr than the tei»d. r.^ lliey make above ; and (he ccrUllcatee >Nliich they here- wllh present. 1 n the < ff.r (d -i ti s( . it is ni en eioitrnt to have a de- cision to tinu'. demand and experiment, that lias i)een in our fa Tor — hoping, if we have less ol • bi-jdiosphati s." the public would diKooyer it, as tln-y would if it was found we had more of •gund" than any thing else. Kittlkvvfi i. i: Dati.sow. Office at Ober arr( 1 Let the farmer >vho doubts, try it at a less expense than tin' old m(»do of ui>iiig bone- TOBACCO GENERATOR. Thi-^ is a clii tnical compound, made <>xpreHsly for the growth ot the Tobaceo plant. We will call more special attentiou to it at tlie piojii r sea.xiil CHEMICAL RESIDIUMS. \\'e have CHi^tantly on hand ( hemical Residiuinii of every doneriplion. 1- oil information I'f which can bo had bj applica- tion t'l us i\ew Vork SUiiii A^ilf iiUinaS Worivs Agricultural Machines and Imjik'inciita. VVilKKM.U. .MKLICK & ( O., /"i DN'rrMII V t bi'ir in?iniit'ict <.rv uf Oiw nn%'fM^v rvf t>lher*V ' v.y Irimuton streets. ACIJ.\.N \ , where they are prepared to Ii;l all orders with deppatcb. ORDKIIS FOR Wheeler 8 Patent Railway, Chain Horse Powers, and Overshot Threshers and Separators, will re- ceive their prompt attention. JJ^ Thn large and increasing demand for tho.«!o Mncliin(s h»« induced the Proprietors to erect a New and ?«pacious lMannt;uti^ COMBINATION OF GROIND PLASTER AND rO TASH. I ry and (dherwine extend their meanm of promptly filling ord( r- — This i.'^ a preparation made for soil defirii iit in Totasli. of whicli 7'"'^ I'owers and 'I'hreshers have been Fold in newrly every Stnt# deficiency there is. unfoit unately. teo many instances in nun h of '" ^^"' ' "''^"- during the past year, and their supi riority has b< 'n our Mai>l.ind land, for this compound we are indelded to tin suggestion of an acconiidished Agriculturist of Prince t.eorye's comity, who may at some future day present tho reiiuU of hid ex- periment. '1 he pricw of this is ^•'2 i')0 per barreL DIRECTIONS. The mode of using the Kiiioyator is 8impl<». inrxpensivo, and rco I'mV'tON; "'$37kK April — tf Wm. B. Wii-Bf, Jgb Prink r, LancMtor, Pa. acknowledged liy nnmeri us testimonials not only from AgricKi- tural Societies but from persons wlio have used th«ni. lli'J have been award»'d the First Premiums at all tlie prin( ij>al I'airi where they hav« been exhibited in operation, including the I'eiin- sylvnnia State Fair, tlie Provincial Fair of Cpper ( anada. and the Midiigan and Ohio Statt> Fairs, together with uumerou.-< Couut; Exhibitions in the diflerent States. 'I'he TWO HORSK \\\t HT.\K. with from three to five linml'. will threhh fr(»m VZh to '200 bushels of Wheat per day, or twiie lliivl quantity of Oat.". The One llor»e Machine will thrtfli rather more than half th** quantity. PRICK AT ALBANY: For Two Horge Machines $145 00 For One Horpo do $120 00 MachincB will be shipped to order to any part of the Inited States or the Canada*. JtS^ and watrantrd to fiivr satisfaction H the ptirrhnser or tkey may be returned within sixty days. The subscribers also manufacture and will furnish to order th« most approved kinds of Fred Cutters, Clover Ihillers, Cireiilar Saw Mi/l' ^^'^' They will also furnish Horse IVn^ers properly (Jeered for dri^ nift (burns. K.b vating (irain, or other purposes to whieh lb>rse lower can be npplJwU. V\ HKKI KK. Mf.MCK & 00., AprW -2% C«Tn#f n^ Hamilton and Liberty Ms , Albany,.'^ ft I I VOL. 1. j..\.\(:a^teii, r.\., ArcrsT, i85i. NO. ;>. THE TARM JOli RN AL. S. S, IIAM)i:>l AN, l.ilitor. I'.ntumolu^y, No. 1. bV Tin: KIM TOR. Kkiosoma i.wkiera — (by sont(^ n;imo«l Kriosoma mali.) — Tliis dtvstructlvc mcniv of apflc trtMS is known jis the American bliyht in Eno;lan(i, •vshert; it is believed to bo of American origin — erroncouRly in the opinion of i)\\ Harris (Noxious Insects, p. 103). Ynnw its Tnimbcrs, and the ext its native ctmiitry. Here it is still coiinKiriiiivlv rare. and l>r. Harris having seldom st-di ii in Massachu- setts. The generic name Kri.^oma means tcoolli/ body, ami the trivial name laniji:rn means irnnj-brariiir;, the iii- ^••(•t ha\ing been considor.-d ;ui Aphis by Ilaiisnian, a (. Tinan i.b.,.r\rr, win, nainod it Aj>ln's laniyrra in I'^'l. 1*1, d. a Fiviich nbs rvrr, pne it. in IS.'IO, th.- 1 f'H^ii name <){ Myrjwylr dn jioninii, r. the iirst nam.- meaninii; truod .surLrr, and th" li.-t n/ til, ,,^,^,/,, i,,,.,.^ .j„,J ^,,jjj,. .^,j. th«'r.^ have attempted to ^^i\(' a latiiiisnl lorm o{ tliis priority ovr tho rc-adar scientifir namo of Krio.soma. Apple troos m:iv be entirely destroyed '>y tins insect, and its prorved, that it i„ay be prottv wldrlv ^]'r.>ad before the en Itivatnr is aware of 'ts })resonce. 'Hm. smtill and more tender }>ran(dies <>t tiie tree are ehi.dlv attaekod, presont- ing unsi;;htly wounds, as if the },ark had been cut oft' in spnts or strip.., anet weak and sle!i(lf>r. and ibe ri'^tnini more than half tho length of the bod\ . appjifiitlv three jointeij, and adapted \'"\' jofroini: tie' bark. 'rii'> vouni: individn.ils ha\" but little wool, but it grows ^vith it^ irrowtli, espe<-i;iliy ujion the posterior p;u-t of th'" body, so th.at thoy are finally entirely covered with it, a colony presenting nothing but a mass of wool, whiidi is often half an inch thi<'k. Th'\v are slugLcisii in their motions, young and old w;ni;s. whilst Plot, already jilludiMl to. says that the males have thr>Tii. Thesf^ aro f .und in autumn, and are sm.aller than the females. When tho Kriosoma gets old. it loses most of it.s down and gets a more sombre color. I>oa:.l ] EDITORIAL. 131 in Europe apple trees are aonuitinu's 80 lull oi this insect as to present the appearance of being covered with cotton, and in such a case nothing can l)e done to save them, so that they had better be cut down and burnt, and if a whole orchard is thu.s aifeclcd, it Khould be sacrificed, and a new one pUmted at a dif- ferent place, in a dry and airy location, cur.- Ix iixi taken to examine the young tnn^s froTii tinx' t(» tiiiK^ I tnMuor. Smihc menil)r'rs of tin; fiunily lia.ve a slender ti) detect the first ajtpcaraiiee of the insect, wli'n they | thrcnid-like ovipositor sevcriil iiu-h.s Itmg, with whicii mav ))e crushed with the hand, which is our own : they pierce and eonvi^v their (^;:«j:s into hirva' Imricd pruetiec. I in their Iturrows in wood, and it is diflieult tei acciui^; \^'hen the number of afT(H-ted ])hi(*f'H is cnnsidera- 1 fur the ability to aec()ni])lish this, as the insect hum have the appearance of giving birth to an Iclincu- nion. In some cases the parasitic larvoe perforutotho skin of tlie caterpilhir and form their cocoons \m\\ the outside; but in general they come forth iu their p(!rl'ect stati;. The lehTieumons are very active on the win^^" nn-l on foot, auil their anteniux) an^ kept in a constaiit ])\i\ tlicv niav ])e rulibed witli a bard lirusb, or wash ♦m1 with oib white-wash, soft soa]i, tobac<*o water, oil of turpentine, ly<>, or jiotash water, the old bark Iteing of)erate from th(^ outside, both in diseoverin;^ tl^ ]ir«^s(Mic<» of the larva, and in depositing its egfj;s. K. lilaiichard, a French author, states a fact whirh first renio\ed, us well as suck(;rs and small branchcss i shows the extent to whic.'i caterpillars are destnivo* which have be(-n attacked. As t)i(> insert r ofthem which woul.llM'Com'^ removed for the pur])os(^, and the ca\ ity al"{( rw ards ],,iit,>i-||i,,<^ ),nt //nvr produceil then), the reniainin;: tilled with sand. ]ST. riot rccommcMids grafting n]K)n stocks of harsh and bitter kinds of appl(\ as the insect is a]>t to a\(»id these for the trunks of" the sweeter kinds — to give the trees as little sheltc^r as possible? — to allow considera- ble space between them — to keep the branches thinned one hundred and ninciy-scvcn being destroyed ly a small parasite of the genus Alicrogaster. Some paiMsitic llymenoptera are so small that tluiv is room in the (^^^^j:^ of a butfrlly for several of them. anil they are deposited here, instead of in tli(^ cater- pillar. The ichneumon family is not tiu uuiy (ine about the trunk. Trogus fulvus. — This hvmeno])terous ins(M't is the size of the figure, of a fulvous (»- fox color, except the ant<'nna^ anarasitic : and the trivial nanif j)hili has reference to the apple tree, upon which iti» found. Ol'serving th(^ dead and black specimens o' nia in May aiuldun", ' Mriosoma with tic body p'unj), but l;olIow, and :i ami belongs to the fa- : small perforation ]»osteriorly, we examined other in- niily of 1( hneumonidjc dividuals without the perftration, and fiund tin in v being (dosely allied to j contain tlu^ naked pupa of a minute hym(M\optorou# Ichneumon. All the i insect, which, before it left the larva state; must ha^v members of this fami' | bored through the b(dly of tin; Kriosoma and alf:>. •■ ly are parasitic, parti- it to the l»ranch. cularly in eaterpillarsj This insect belongs to the fimily of Ch(dcidid(^, of which they destroy vast nnm]»(Ts. Th(> lehneu- and has the following r/^/ieri'r c/iar^e/tr.?. Head free men pierces the skin of the catteri>illar or otlw r larva | transverse, eyes large and set with sliojt stifl" hairs; and inserts its egg or eggs. When there is not much (tiiference in the size of thi" Ichneumon and tlwM^iter- pillar, but one egg is inserted, Imt when a small Ich- neumon attacks a large catiM'])illar, forty or fifty eggs may be inserted. A curious fact in the economy of the larva- of the Ichneumon is, that whilst they feed within the body of the caterpillar, and upon its internal parts; the j organs upitn which the life of the latter depends are left untouched, as the premature death of the cater- pillar would cause that of the |.arasite8. When near- Ij ready to enter the pupa state, these parasites some- 1! iv 1 ol'HII.lS MALI, antenna* ( see th« additional fiirur< with short pile 'i bowed, with six 'i'- liiiddfiojw!, tho ti^^t long (iu th(^ male . thelidobconical.tb od and 4th short and eipial, the Ath Pid' cylindrical, and t!-* fjth fusiform; in tb« female the llagellum is fusiform, (see the left hand times devour the entrails of the cater})illar, and in figure) the 2d and r)th j^iints nhort. and tho wing« many cases this is able to form a cocoon and enter ample, the anterior one with the. »ii6co5^aZmH ^/raty^^- the pupa state, bo that the cocoon of a butterfly may the stigmal branch toy shorty and difficult to distil' guish; basal portion of the disk without pile, anttirior ] The assertion that the young pierce the bark ol and exterior marL-in short ciliate; posterior wing ci- : pine trees and cause a frothy secretion, is incorrect, liate \Niih haig hairs. Feet slender, pentam-nui^, ' ;is tlie-^o leave th" tree as s,, on n^, they are hatched, adapted for leaping; medial tibial spine long, ante- ; The insect whi.h cuuscs the 8et;retion in (pie.stion, rior one curved. Abdomen sessile, and rather long, belongs to the genus Aphrophora, which bears some liaving a sharp slender exsertile sting or ovipositor in ■ resemblance to the cicada, but is much smaller, tlie female; I'upa without a follicle. | Specijic character. Length oM'- twenty-fiftli (^f ;'n inch. exTianse of the ^^in'_l;s about twice this amount. TkhK shining black, \\ith a few hairs; front \ertie;ii- !v inn»res^e,i upon ciich suh' (»f the middle for the iiiiteMiue; I'f/'S violet, scabrous, short pilose; dult iiwr fcxc.'j)t the first aiel base of the s(H;oneen mucli too iVe.px ;.t in the {,;i^os of the dournal. iind unfortunately th^ v arc not confined to teehti'eal or uriusual words, hn p in on" place standing for hr.id. In tlie IlorticultureJ (I'partite nt we find error-^ like i->d>-(>l}d(irin insteae- riments upon the seventeen year cicada, w hich we now continue. The male aiel female stateil to have been .-dive upon the birch branch on the iSth of •'niu., died, the male .>n tlie iMith, and the female on ^ j,,, ,;, , ^^, ^ho same natural order 'hel2lst. , " " <>f th.e single female an(i male living on the ap]de I ranch on the ITth. the nnile died on the 19th, and tlie f -niah^ \\\M)\\ the 2'Jd. A discrepancy will appear in the number of injects used m the experinent, which ann)unted to four pair, three of which were upon tlu' apple brancli. This experiment shows that the mah' may live ten rin.l the fennde elev(Mi days, after the period of im- pregnation. The period throUL^h which tho brood Farmin''^'J"'^- ^i-'^d its great trutlis liave heretofon 4th of duly. Mr. IVter A. Urowne informs us that he pierred be(,'n locke the million — and those who have just dipped into the surface of a s<-ience have more faith therein than Uv his skin with the ovipositor so as t^ bring blood, with- | who Ims searched to the b<.tt-m. Man loves mystery ' "" and delights in the marvi llous , and in sickness inck havelitth' reason and nnndi credulity. But there is no excuse f >r (juaekery in tlie eult>a- tien of the earth. 'Idie etern.al truths of this scierK-r are as palpable as the rocks from which our soilp are derived, or the nature of tlie plants whi. h tb* r sustain. We should not tolerate «|uackery, and rr t nine-t^mths of our practice is empirical. Our eons are born farmers much as " the seventh *.n " \a eup- posed to bo '* a doctor." — Dr, J, A A>»inm*^/. out experiencing any evil (effect, and we found the hausft'lhim or snait too weak to ]deree the skin. One new^jiaper account whicdi represented a boy ns havin<; b-en stung, probably referred to a hornet, ns the invect was not stated to have been examined; and the statement about the poison turning the ap- plied flesh of several fowls black, is a mere stretch of the imagination. 132 COMiMIINICATFONS [At'CI >T 1S3P] CONPMnXhVATTONS. 133 *■-*«*«: -3.r)Oi''W ■™r dloinnuinicaUoui}. "Resolved, That J. M. McMinn bo nMiu(^stct impor- tant part of mv a.ldn-ss will be of any use to y.iU, you are welcoiiK' to them, to be disposed ol in any way YOU deem i)r(.per. 'i'ruly yiiui-s, Su^/ar, starch and fminin, are composed oi' the samo mab'rial as ^um, only in difl'-rmt proportions. i'urlxm. (Kri/;/(')i. Jfi/drogen In mtm wo have 42.2;i 50..S4 0.1);; -,Cu^e, Ili/dmij^t ,pui . IVom the (hM-()m})osilion oi' water. (Hnfrn is eonn>os(Ml (d" thv(M' substane(^s, called It chemists aveu or yeast. The insolwhle yx: is ealliMl (jliodiiu', or ve<;etable all)uu\ soluble, mat! - (d)tained iVonj ve^ih, 1S;)1. The uses of manures are obvion« nn-t tl.olr ap]dl- i j;..-^ nui.d^ in dilVrrent idauts, and is uul a ain-1 cation, if directed with seicntific skill, always pay j principle. well. DifTerent kinds of soil r.Mpiire ditT(>r(>nt kind> ; Liiinin. If a piece of tho st. m of an herb, .4irub of manure. It Is obvious then that a careful com- I ,.r tre,> Is taken aid \n( 11 dried, and atierwards di parlson of the composition of your soils, and an ana- lysis of the different plants that you wish to ;2;row on them are necessary. Our soils are extremely various and every farm has some peculiarities. Our bo<r colored, and .li^solves U!)mi':" (d" the substance of tln^ jdant. there ^^ill remain. hintl a Sort of skeleton, which cMn-titntes the busi^ ol' the vr-N'iable struetui'e and amount-* to aboul pies, known by the name of c^i;7>o?<, o.n/ part in the hundriMl of the air of the atmos]dier(^ — united with oxy<;eu it ibrms a p;as called carbonic acid <;as: this ;;as is also called '' fi.ird air,'' ''chokr ,Jiu}f})," and by a variety of other names. This ;j;as in (jH'Uilif'/, is destrutdive to both animal and \eii;etable life. It often destroys lih' in mines and in wells, and som.-times in a tij^ht room. icnnihj filifc, \\hi(di is com))oscd of carljon 52, OXYg'-' 12. b and hydro^ien ■)X). Coloring mattrr. All varieties of color in iliAvors. or their part^, are owin^ to tln^ ditb-rent de«;rtHS ■•'. i\\{\ oxidation of their pulp, called (diromul(\ I' " entirely the result of the action of the sun on thoc- tained juices. ]V(is is composed of from 8(>venty to eiii;litv i' cent, ol' a substance ealh'd ceidne, and iVom t\vt">J by being produced by bumin'j; charcoal in an open i |,, thirty )'er cent, of a sul)stance called myricinf" furnace. Oxyji^en is an aeriform fluid, like common 'iq,,. ^.('rine is white and reseml;lev< ^vax. Tk" : air, and has neither taste nor siu(dl. it constitutes v^ubstan.'es ditb'r mertdy in their de;^rei> ol fu.>*ikil-L^ twenty-one parts in the hundrt'd k^^ the atmosphere ;i^,l s(dubility in alcolud. Wax ma\ be r(\L'ardoii ^i^" and like carbon it is widely diibisc.l throughout the nothing; more than a iixed oil rendered solid ly ' world, but unlike carbon, it Is respiralde even in its i .i],sor))tiou (d' oxytriMi in the process of vegclau pure state, and is eminently conducive to i\\v support , }„.,,, e it may bo expected to occur in a irrcat vari'^':' of animal and vegetable life; indeed, without its presence, all organic lif'' would ceasc^ to exist. i)t states, according to its degree of oxigenatiou. A very small ])roportion of v(\t;etable matter i^" Uvdrocrcn is also an icriform fluid. It has no C(dor, i rived from the soil ; at least ninety-nine parts out o % bvit a very disagreeable smell, and is the lightest id" all ponderable bodies, being sixteen times lighter than oxygen. It is one of the elcuuuits of water; that body being composed of two parts of hydrocT'^u e\crv hundre(l are (d>tain(Ml from the air and v ;^' This i> manitest, when it is considered that \\h'' ' getable matter is submitted to the action v.i lire, k'^ a very small ]KirL remains. Still this minute quaii^ I and one part of oxygen by volume or bulk, it is in- ty is indis}>eusable to the growth of the pkuit, uu^ jurious when breathed. This is the gas used in the soil does not contain them, they must be supph*^ fillmg balloons. |and this is the true secret of manuring. To 8uprl'|j these tilings, and render them soluble, should be the Ptudv ot* the farm r, for ev ry tidn- must be dis- solved to enter int.. a plant, and it take^ many un- «een cliemical processes to reduce all these manures U) a tit condition to be absorbed by the roots. Car. acid, - Ci »0 O -to'' C: CI Sul. acid, ••o CJi, 1—1 t - '■— '=^ ''^ ^^ "^ r-H ci -f* '-^ -t" 'd Silica, i~ -— ^ ■ ji ci CO ('. of sodii -•'?! CO 't T 1 1 - r J CI ' /" ci Plio.^. aci* o _ c 1 -f c; ~ " - T I . - q_ c J CO r-i c i '..:: ~. 'C .— ^ -f a! c c^ CO "^ -^ i-c T'^ >— • CO -^ T' Magnesia, c '. o -/: ^-^ c^ '^ O CO 'X. CO 't -^ 1" Cl 'O o Lime, r— ( >o '-^ '-C o r— Ci CO '-0 r— 1 CC '-^ »— 1 CO C- »0 O O »-H o" CC CO Ci O ' ic" »C 1— O'D <— ' Soda, CO CO CO o C5 ex. -r ».o CI CO ^r^ cr- co ^^ co r— i c- co O i-; ci o" o i-I ^ r-I (>i ci CO oi 1- »o ct CI 71 •— -— ' Potash, - 1 31.63 48.4 O '■*' CI rr t- CO -^ 1 -. 1 - C- I - to O OO CO CC O r-^ OC CO t- O ci CC '-H — ' CJ CO CI CO -? CI The ashes of ( lover contains Potatoes '^ ^ '^ u hurtful mlluenco seems to become exiiaustcd when over applied in lime. Phosphorus is seldom found ]^v.Vi' in nature. Tt ex- ists in large (piantities in bones, ;ind tlu; use of bone dust has been found to be of great valuta in Europe, where bones are im{)orted in prodigious quantities for manure. FiVery fariuer should use it on his 1 in i. Phosphate < count V, N. d. It is chi(d1y exported t(» fkiropc'. liis found si»ariic_dv iti Nittanv \a!I''V, and i^ of farnnT^ \alue as a manure thaii pla.-t'-r o! paris. Ciilnrob' of' S"di>nif \< rick salt, and has be(^n i'ouud highlv beneficial a^ a manure. I have a work addressed to the !'ariu"r< an I Lrra/.iei-s id'*i. lb. on the use of salt, hut se:oiie<' is irausccndcd ;i> u>u:il. and th' ni I'tei- i- ov T d ci ■. an 1 <• )ii<^ ju 'n;ly, -cih i- c >ri (bunncil a> an " iii'iio\ ( rl.-lior." I>arn\ard matniri^ will in s one nca-urc '-upply the plan' w'wh this in- ti;redient, Itut manv \cj:oraldes i-etiuirc a consiplicd from some other sour. •'. Su/ji/mrir Afid \s appliod \i\ the torm o| jil'ist-yoj poris, {\\\< niiner;i! bcinj.- a -ulphat'i.t Inu". its td- fects are known, tiuuigli g(;ncrally overrat<'d and wastu. i) ;i- rich rri/s- tal, agate, iptnrfz, jUnf, tl'v., and always exists in lids uid"-!!! iorliood in -uflicl"nt on.iiitii v m the sod. ku- the nutriment of tic jilani>. In Icasy clayey soib it is td'ten necessarv t<»app!\ ii in ihe form oj >and. (Jarhonic Arid exk-^t^- in the air, nnd iii ohnr.oab :u'- I have before intiniatod. and it i- prokuMe tlc.t plantt' do not often lan^ui>li l"or t!;e want «d" tlii> a^ id. !^ome ])kints r. i piire ..t ler prin.dples ro sujiply th'au The stalks and the seed generally contain dilferent amounts of these ultimate constituents; it is, thore- for(\ fre(jU(^ntly necessary to a}>phj a manure that icil^ promote the groirth of ihe seed, a7id retard the gr(>u'th of the stalk, Tb'W >~dial! i!ie:--e con-dihients be a[.]ill d .' r'-l'ish is ol, tailed froia wo,;d a-hes. Oak \i = 'lds about 1 -o ' with food, but I will not now attempt to iolk.w tlicni parts potash to th«^ lU ». A^he^are th a-ef ire a (heap ' further, and conveniont nianur ' -asln-s al^o neul'\il'./c ai id;^. and render saokiv .-oils more tciuiciojis, Soda e.xi-^ts in co7Pnu>n salt, and in 'ihiuhn' sail, and is a useful a{>plication to some soils, aitliough most slate rocks contain salt in some form. JJj7ie is an abundant and useful manure. It acts differently on diiferent soik;. d'ki> i^ prim !pall% ow- ing to the amount oi' aninial an/l ve-etabl" matter Contaiu.,tl. lleaw (dav soils contain less vegetable and animal matter than sandy or slaty soils, and consequently, lime exhibits more beneficial effects on the latter than on the former kind of soils. It quickly decomposes all \eL!;e{ablc -.ni,] animal matters, and renders them solublo. Wrt sods pkiuglied d(M'p- lyand\v(dl limed are rendered dryer and better adap- ted to vegetation. Magnesia occurs in nearly all our limestones. J^)- som salt is a sulphate of magnesia. Magnesia must be used sparingly, for notwithstanding it enters into the composition t>f many plants, large quantities have an injurious effect; however, after two years its Air and wat r ar- th" iireat nnicldncry by wdiich all the •^ulotaui "- o|' whkdi plant-- are coinpo^icd, arc acted niion ;ind pr^p-ircid. Tliev i-'ducc to u;a-e^ or lii^uids all the \arious ingr'Mlient- that < nt« r into the structure of vegetables, li is tie bu.^.-imss ol tin- agriculturists, to not only supply the soil with all de- ficiencies that (>xisits in it, but also to assist in d"*- composing and assimilatinir tlio ^ame. Stable nianui-e contiiin^ tic principal p:irt -d the mineral ek ments for the nurture or I'oml lac'''i at the h^ ad ol manui'o^. but 1 cannot seew!i\ it slcidd ke so. It Contaiii> he MMio-pkat^; of magnesia; 1.7 C'arlMmate of magnesia ; ().() Alka- lin salts; 26,6 Organic matter; 2.S Ammonia: Hi.4 water, 6.2 sand, v.Vc. It appears Irom some analysif* that guano yields seventeen per cent, of ammonia, but it is probable that the principal part of the efficacy of guano is owing to the large proportion of phosphate « *' . '•*^',&, " ■ *? V*" ,?4:tr-, 134 COMMrXlCATIOXS, I At'ct-st, it contains. 'I'lic solid ox(;roni(;nt ot Svvme, liovv(*ver» vields moro phos])liato of limo tlian ^uaiio. It also appears that guano is dofcctivo in alkalin and hile the weather is dry. ihiiiii^ rain country. Neither the sugar cane, rice, tobacco, nur cotton plant is indigenous; and y<'t these are al! •j:r<'\\n ^^itll umMjualltMl succ(^ss in llir rnil-i] Stato.s, and constitute by far ih'' greatest amount and valui- of our exports. The quantities of coffee and tea consumed in tlii-< country', are prodigious. It has liccn a:-i- "I'tained tliu' we inijtMi-t.Ml, in one year, 4(iJ>7<' tons ol" cotiee, when thequantitv inijortiMl into i'ran('(>,\va>i but 'JO.*),')!) tons. it al.tSor])S eighty p'^r cmt ..f wat.i' and i-rl>'as"s tho .md that iin])ort('d into the I'nitiMl Kin,--donis of I'.nj gases to act upon th>' rarth, and wIkmi the \v'\'ith(T \;u\i\, Scotland, and Ireland, but H'l/JoO tons. Wrai- becomes drv, it parts with th-Mvator. am! absorl>^ iVoni assur(Mllv th(^ ratorv. ' ^e do. It is with thom a ui'iv'T^a! b'-vorage. Still liime is a valuah!" manure, but it is dften wihlly tlie ust> of this arti(de in the United States, is \.r; used. Many farmers expect lime to do cvci-y tiling. | j^n-at and is increasin'^ Now both the tea and coir, ■ as iri tiieirland suffers almost irreparably, !»ec:\use(4" theii- ignorance. Lime decomposes dead aninrd n^atter and putrescent manures, and is of great service in tliis way; it reduces ve^getable matter and makes it sohr ^hl•ul>s {"(f (lavs toiri'tli'T. They niij:lit dnu]>tless l» grown in our middle und ^\'(^ste]•n Siat(*s. It is for tunate lor our Southern IVieuds, that their soil and climate are so well suited to these valuable plants ble, thus preventing it from laying in the soil in a | for as to their great staple, cotton, the days of their dry and useless ccmdition — it absorbs a small quanti- ty of moisture from the air, and en!er> its(df into th<> composition of ])lants; hut it is \ . i-y caustic, and if there is a want of decomposable luaiter in tlie s,,il. it often burns as it were, every thing iq. Most ol" our Centre County limestone contains a good (ha! of Magnesia, whiidi is, in large quantiiies, destj'ui;li\e to most vegetables, therefore diflerent kin, of limestom^ produce differc'lit eti'eets. A ratitiual use of stah!" manure, guano. lim<', ].las- t<^r, connieMi salt, ri m k .-alt, h^ne du-t, pho>}>hate of ni'inopdlv are nnmbeiMMb I'ngland cannot mucli long"r .^uhmit to tlie danger (d' having hut "uc ade- ([uate source of supply, aid tliat an iiuh'pen lent on*'. Alread\ tin' im-'mIu. tl(.ii ill A-ia an^l Africa, — not t') speak of thi- nuignificent regions of Brazil — has in- creased to su\\' ■ is likely to spi'ing uji lV(»ni th- improved mannfaitiir of" that material : of whitdi the nortlea-n. midd!" ;nii linu\ (diarcoab composts, a-he^. and barn vard ma- ' western state.<, vnll be :ibl> to "-row eneu.-li to su]ii'i' jiure. Used as the soil may i|e;uand, \\'\\\ nevei- fail to | the world. nuike a fertile and ]U'oilucti\e tiold, and anv t^ne of tliem save stable or barn yard manure, or ( hai'coal. used excessively, will diminish tlu^ f"iti!it\ ef inost soils, and if continu(^d, will ultimat(dy impoverish them. ^\ itli re.vpeet to cofl'ee and tea, there is a ci^rtaintj ef their continuing to be articles of' tliet, without any (diance or change from the ca]>riee of fashion. Fash- ion did not introduce t lean, iioi- can it lav t hem aside, anv neu-e than di-jien^" with t!ie use of suirar. It l-" DUersitv n(('n>,.s-Cotton-CnltVeandToa-!.'Iax. y">; '•'"|"^>';'^=»''J'' ^''^^^ «'"'-; <^vo productions, orjcr- ,_, . n A . 1 1- , , inatin'j; in far distant c- amt ''ie^.. slciuld have conio in- 1 he interests ot Agriculture are dntH'tly i)ronioted . ^ i . , .^ ... J X- xi . xi . ^^'^ "^i^'h general use and acquired so permanent a ])V diversifying its productions, so that the prosperity , , , , . r ^ • ^ t^ , • i ; ,. ' . .,, 11 , • ,. , hold uiH.n tlie taste ot mankind. Recent chemit'ii' of any district will generally be in proportion to th ' variety of profitable crops, whi(;h are < ultivated by its farmers. This is shown by the flourishing con- dition of agriculture in the vicinity of our larg<' cities, where the markets invite the culti\ati(in of many vegetable productions, which are not grown at a dis- tance from such localities. There are very many agricultural plants, for th , produce of which we pay largo, sums, importing from abroad, what may just as well bo reared in our analvsis satisfactorily explains it. bv «levelopinir tho surprising fa-t. that tic essential piri:iciple ,q' coffc' is identical with that of tea. Cafcine and ///r/;?^. tho names npp1ie(l to thesf> substances rospcctivel}', pOJ*' sessing exactly the same chemical constituents. Tt is also proved that the beverages mad(^ from thej»<* plants, 80 far from being a slow poison, (as wa"< (uice supposed,) are as wholesome as they are pali>- table. A. L. Hayes. Ijancastcr, July L5, 1851. ISol.] rOM.MI^NirAd'lON.- i:b') IT • ,1^ . ...A\ ,^r, fhn T^ro<-tu.Ml ! journal, so that nine-tenths do not participate in itn Nlii KniTOR: — Having made a call on tne praciic.u I .J ' i i • , . . T ,,.1 *i... /.^-r^oT.;^^nor^ I benefits.* 1- i« not absolutidv necessary, if a reallT fjirmers to contribute to your rjournal tlie experience thovmavhave in agriculture, I conqdy v.ith your P^^triotic zeal animates the connuunity, to prepar. ,,,,"aest.* Having to writ.^ in a language which is 1 those nine-tenths to take a proper interest to pn mot. not my own, (1 had to study the Knglish at the age uf thirty vears,) I hf)pe all , \u\ e\- il- to ti:is cnuntrv. 1 entered into tlie mercantih' bu- siness, I'll! >oon found that the sedenta!-y habits aiel anxiety of mind which f'dlov, it, wcr^ inh,,'ious i.. thtit physical energy, ( -o nec(>ssary in this country, i towhi'di a military life h;»d a.MMi-tnmcd m >. I mar- ried V. hat a city miss calls a "country girl." Though I had to r'le'iince the enjc\uient of ihatriii.ed in- tellect, the fruit foliy compensated b} cnjoung ihat com!'iu-tabie home — that fireside bliss, so well uimersLoou m ini> t.ouunj*. liein"- scant of funds (exiles sfddom brini: monev alon!i) 1 could oidv buv a eheaji pr 'pert \ . An op , , , , , ,. i- i t '^. ', • ,% ■ ' • -■ ■ , cultural >ch(H.d> an ! e\p-rimcnta! farms, whndi I sent portunity prescnt( d itseli — ^a worn out taiiu siluate(i in j Lvkens Valley, l>auT)hin county, whereon a mill was V .1 *i an art ihat is the fundaiuemal wealth of the nation? It may be asked, whv don't the Germans take ad- vantage of the school law and educate their childrcTi? Av. there's tlie rub. If. Mr. Kditor. yeu will "pen \our <-olninns .lU that subject, 1 \Nill give my opinion, as to the cause and il.- remedv. The (b-rman I'eiin^yU ania farmer stands pre-emi nent as an agriculturist, and it is ^A^ the higlie-.t im portanco to induce him t" take- an intere-t ni theetb>n which is n.iw mikinu' t'> prnni'>te a'j:ri<-ulture — 1< make him umler>taml the L-^reat discn\eries \u [reolo"-v and a_n'icultural chemistry. IlaNiiej bei'u app'iinte(l a mein]>"r ^A ilc c\'N-utiv«i» eiMnmitt f the Slate Agri( iiltural S^.cicty. f ^r th,'.' ! t'on^res^i'-nal 'li-trict in wliiili 1 i-c-ide. 1 tlcULfht it I '^ ! mv dutv to jitten'l o^ lo.'.'tiio-- wh^Ti I --tare,! ni» ' onini'Mi en th- •subject ot" agriculi ural e,bication. — Acci-din'j- \<> reipie-t 1 ha'.'' prcpaf' d a plan for agri- somc weeks ago, to the gentleni 'ii conqio.-ing th? committee. When it is presented to the executivQ committee for consich'ration, I shall state my opinion erected whitdi had been condemned by milhu's and millwrights as unfit to do good work. Mill and farm rented for $1'J5 a ve:rr ; 1 bought it for .^ i l'»'i. Ihilbd , '-'^ ^^^^.-^- at a militarv >^ehoo1. I ^till retained sonv^ bicwledge of hydraulics, and th"n.:h let a milb r, I di-^covered that the mill cull b.- made good. A ft r having made the alteraticms, 1 fbund mys(df ind(d»ted .Sl2'J0O. . . ,, , /,;',, o IsM ' ' I Ji' 1/1(1, JiLlkS (>'., Jul/ .', i '^O 1 . the interest of whi(di was higler than \Nhat the ]^ro- i perty h id r'Mited f'^r. 'Y\y mill could d" m *\'<- than doub!" th.' Work it di'l bcfnre. This wa-^ a litll" !e Ip, yet 1 had t,, w.ifk hard and iro throJiLdi all tic handi- work of a lariU'r to di"ressi"n fr^n ajricidtural -ubjects, but t!i y may serve to illustrate future commiinicatieTis. 11. Sill HART. ^^hl!e mv children were "■rowiu"' uit. a dillicnltv 1 .^^ J » * Facts will let sustain this assertion ef ..ur cor- ,-, .:p,,nd"nt. .Mtleaiirh tlerc are niaiis (lermaii farm- ta*s in Penns\ hania, the prop-rtien is n^t near so threat as lie makes it. ^^ e \enture t" a«-s,rt that tw(»- thjrd> "f the i',nn-vl\ ania !armer> undersiand and i-.ad the r".i:_didi. 'idii-. hu\\c\.'i-. may le't be thv r:^.- whci-e .,nr c irrc-pnud' nt rc-ide-. hi> district ar^ivr f,,i- wlbndi I was not pr.'}>ared. l/ivinL^ m a ,., ,,it;,l,, in- m. 'i-c ( iennan tanners than, perhaps, an^ (i-rman •settlement 1 was comptdh d t<' lea\emy farm uthcr »cclioii ut ihc Stale.- -Kn. J and reine\c t^' Petl-\ille in order t" lia\" th lu edu- cated i;!id'r ni\ mu n eyes. Alter residin;! there ibr some years, 1 Nvas jrlad to see that mv sons had not lost their taste f)r rural life. I sold the prepcpty in Lyken's \ alle\ f(,r Sb V< m m i, and bi'U_dit tic one eu which 1 niiw re>i(h' f,,r sr)Onii. |i \s ^i.;- in the same poor condition 1 fiuin I the iirst property. The land, one hundred and six acres, was considered worthless. There was attached to it tidrtv-six acres of good woodland, and a mill entirelv .ut of order. The pro- perty is now in thorough nq»air and would c ; imaiel a rent of li^T'^k 1 ha\c retii-cd fr^an business and given it into the hands of my sons, the one being a practical farmer and the other a practical miller. A dilliculty which appears to be overlooked, is the peculiar position of Pennsylvania. Nearly one half of its farming population \n of the Teutonic race- only one in ten can read an English agricultural The C'ucuiiihcr l$ug. (3bserving an article on this troublesome bug by .1. S. Keller, bi the hist nnmb.er of tin* J(Mirna], I ^^'nx^l him b 'htw. a i-cc. ipt wbicli he \\]\\ lind more cilcctual than eiib m- •• lini" du-t. a-h -. bke k pepper, plaster. Ilmir ef Milplnir. X'c." A- it i- not origin;;! with me. I shall also make oyer to him. without charge, all my claim I'.' the s'.ti pr- luium, for "the person who dis- covers an effective remedy. Ai>nlv, thrwU'di th" rose of a watering pot, the 1 I « holes of which \\\\\ ha\" te b- mad- larger tha'i e( ,rn- mon, v'hiicicash of such a consbstence as to adhere to the leaves, and leave a thin coating. This will not prevent their growing, and will be found an effectual antidote to the bug, who does not fancy the trouble of going through the lime to get at its food. Tb« ft ]>lication may be repeated if necessary. ' Wtit Chester. Paschall Morris. •■4 .^'VsJff'.SMB riii^t^M 136 COMMUNICATIONS. [Auc.rsT, Cure for M una in. Friend Stangler: — The idoa has l()niz;l)0('ii ('iitor- tdinod ])y drovors, that catth^ driven from tlio West- ern Kescrve and from Erie county, would escape thai disease so fatal to them, called Murrain. Kxperienee, however, proves this not to be the fact. Last sprin of mvltest feeders (ook the dis(*ase. 1 did nut discover it until he appeai-cd to Itc hcy(»nd hojxi of recovery. His eves weiv sunk in his head, and his urine was appaieiitlN nothing: hut blood, in iiiuvin^ from one spot In annther ln' sta'j;- gered rather than wjilkcMJ, an lukewarm This last dreneh w-;i^ -i\en in tiie eveninL^ l''<>r three successive day> the same course of tiwatunait wa< I'"''^""d. Ou the fourth mo!•uinu^ half a j. amd of (ilauii'T SalN dis^oheil iu water was -Iveii him, and on the fifili mMinlii- 1 (iiseo\..red that hi^ urine had assumed a h-althy app.-;iranee. He bew;;ui to eat freely, and cimtrary lo mine, aiid the e\pf>etatinii (,f all who saw him, he is now as liealihy as any of tin other of my feeders. I ha»l almost for«^otten to say that durin,<^ the time tlie medicines were bein^ used no wateixNus ui\ru the animal, and this should he the treatment alua\>. I have great faith in (he remedy, and h- lieve it infallible if strictly adhered to, as above described. Fruit inn, G(h month, 1851. .] , S. !>,. most of the active constituents of Ouano, in :i Choin- ical state of combination, and which I have foryearg past made use of very successfully in tiic cultivation ol various kinds of vegetables, particularly cabl)ag08, cauliflowers, beans, cucumbers, meloTis, celery — iriy ing each a])(mt 1 gill of tln^ Fertilizer, several times a week. To cel(;ry plants in trenches, I giv(^ a water- ing-can full to every loO plant- twice ;t week. On aecount of its hi-;hlv stinnilalin j; and UourM;- ing (pnihties it caus"s a very vigorous and v:\\o\ gi'owth '\n all plants and greatly increases tli(^ si/.i (; vegetables. In transplanting, as a general I'ule, 1 poui' aheut hall a pint into each hole int-'iided to recei\c i!|. plant, and when it has sunk into the soil, tic pla;;i> are set t h'Tein. 1 ha\e ("amd hy e.\peri^'nee,lliat tiity droop l(\^s, than wh^ai sei (ail vviiliMUt its li'iielicial influences 11, after seels are Sincn and r;iked iu tlic sial, u good >p!-inkl'ng be given fr-e-m the rose of a watoritij^- can, it will can-" a more rapid and sp.edv germina- tion of the seed, and iu :i '/real m''a>^ure prevent th'i (h^predatioii ol" worm-^ and insects which often prcj on the vegetating seeds. It will be found well adapted for Flowers, Pot- planis ami ShruMiej-v. The al»o\e inL:Teale ;ls a su!i>iitute lor cider viuegai'. fi'W pia'son^ could be induced to taste, much hv^s to purchase it lor general iamil^ purposes. And yet a very largo proportion of the licpiid called white wine vin.'gar i^ made in this way. Som"liiue> it is coh-nd i>> •'•iyo it the appearaiii'e ..f th'> ordinaiw cidia- \ine_r;i,-_ Sul- phuric aeid is a poison an^i its effects ui..>u the sys- tem,wheiiu-"d in 111 • loini above mentioned, ar(^ most deleterious. It possesses corrosive (|U,irni( > and dif- fers greatly from acetic acid, wliicli, when properly diluted, as in vint^gar, promotes the digestion of crude vegetabl<\s, such as salad<. Sec. Too mu.di care can- not h" taken to a\oid till -e impo-iilcns in iIk^ }tur chase of vinegar. iMan\ iamikHis use it at every meal, and if composed mainly of sulphuric acid, it w illde, stroy the teeth and lay the foundation for cancer in the stomach. The presence of sulphuric acid may be detected in vinegar, by adding a small quantity of chloride of barium, which will cause a white pre cipate to be thrown down. i is.'il. siii:i:p r.in:i:hiN'G. n? TuK following ode, upon the anniversary of the B-rkshire (Mass.) Af/ricul(ural Soricft/ of 1818, was Tiuhlished in Pcmnsylvania (anonymously ) thirty years ago, and much admired. It is from the pen i,f \\\i. C. Bryant, a name Tiot then known to the j,ii[,l^.__now at the head ol «air poets. w . n. I). Sinee last our vales these rites admir'd, Anotln^r vear has come and flown, Ihi! \shere ii-r '-osy steps retir'd, II: le!t her • rolie ) w n , No kiillni:; frost mi germ ami tlower. To hla^-t the ho[>es of spring, was niirh, A>> \\ralh condensed the ceaNch.-s shower, (h' ,>eaietl the l'ountain> of tie' .^kv. liut- kindiv suns and gentle i-aiie-. And lihera! 'h\\> and air of Icahh, ik ir'd th(> lar-'' lia!-\e,>ts of the {)l;tins And nuiMd the, meadow's fragrant wealth. As if the in iul;,,enf ]\)wcr, who lai«l, (hi man tie' jj;reat command to toil, \V"i! pieaso'l to ^■-" Hiat law the growth of cottim, will be at a loss to discover why what is ad- vanced by triclndogy, in regard to breeding and rais- ing sheep and improving the (piantity and (puility of wmd, is now heard with sucdi ap])arent imlilferenee. Is the exatnimition of a subject whiih regards thirty- five or fbriv millions of domestic aninials ami one liunnt through the Patent Oflice, nt a special agent ti» Pur^'p- to " ih" line W'M,|<. I !,■ ki-Mii-'ht \'i-w \far^ sine ct cine-n: ol ai k ulth him -ampk'. fr-m Ku-^ki, lluiij:i»y. Sd.- Prussia and S;l\. iiy. 'fli-y were divid-' -'111 !'• p. im^vKania kilely ( ajic to Wi an I ci '111 liai'ei mv liamN. 1 m-a-ired il th-m with the -r-wih of oui' ^v, n c^aintry, and had tin. i.ka-ure of ann'-uncin- wlia; had ne\(r h hu-e I n known, or e\en ,^iisjkc/' i \i/. : TuAi u i: ' \^ i{A!SF. AS M x :: u""i. l^ "''i- 1 M-n:i> Statf.s as an\ (m, \i;:v in nii; \\oi:i,j., wn iiNF.i: \\ V LXCFT'l S \ \o^ t . information, .sliowice: tliat the 1 !ii- TU \ 111- 1 mi ,m ted States has it in her power to create anoth-r i w riMt io a-k. W(dl may th • Ir.mn of vit-torv flow. All 1 mingle with the voice of piirth. A\ hile here are spread the s))oils that show Our triumphs o'er rcductant earth. r\ ore ■d k\ [ ^^ e make the folk 'W in'.-- e\; racts frmn a " 1. on Hair. Wool, an^l Sh-'^o la-eedinu, ' d":i\e! Pet-a-. A. P.r..v, n-. P. P. Ik. Ixilore llu; < Southern riglits Ass)cial:on of \'iri-inki. and pul a I rill I b- lislK'd in '-d'lui Plougli. th- !.■ >m and the AumI." - ^v;i. n-ad,— lias never been contra kicted— and is n-w almost forgotten ! , • i. Let us now examine this subject in another point of view. Lot us assume that the number of shee]) in the Pnited States is thirty-five millions. In (lermauy the average annual ].rod\i«v of fleece is put down at a trifle over'^twn pounds. In I'.n-land, v, ler.' th^ v. o ol is coarser an I h'ss valualde. ile^ average is iour pounds. Our average is put at from tw.> an 1 a half to two an 1 three (piarters, but I am persua«led that it is underrated, for 1 liave in my cabin.^t specimens of line wo(d, grown in the Pnited States, from three and a half to fniir and even as high as five pounds. P>ut ppose W(» say thre.' poumis: this will give us an iimal i.roduce of one hundr-.l and five millions of .1 1 le 111 Miiind--: which, at t uay kri \ -I ',\ • • m illi« -ns ot d> 1' I u n ' .,k' will make ! c u k 1 1 i " n 11' lislicd il I the South \-\\ Planti'i" ai Pichniond.j ^ otton \\a-> grown in (i(M>rtria as ear ^as Hot serioudv th c.ndit ^f 1 1 o - r a ! e u 1 a 1 1 " n n ■ •; i n i : -: i ^ Iamk<. The anirial pi' 'die siper mines of N ^ at \\ .m miili'd \<\ Ikii'' >n 1 1 anil ' •! Ill > a I ' An 1 .'i-"r\'', that m • akl ah. .11' tie- inei^'a-e ..f ..:,,, ,,r all th" '^-^'^^ aii'l ! SmuiIi Anea-iea \\ a- e.M- ait 1,,.^;,,! 1,, K;.,- ei Hum! -I'l: al nin niillinus td' pounds a. a -r at American \ sterling— at present, (except the recent discover!'^- m ^tapl(> until about 17*>0. Prom Oe'. N;. IT'-H), to j California.) it is less than five millions of pounds -r Sept. :;nth, 1 7" I. the Pnited States (^xporte the number of strides and 1 hav»! no hesitation in b-dievmg that, in rIkm'p in the Lnir-l Siate>; hut wo suppose it may a few years they will be independent of us for coa/.y, «af(dy be ]mt down at thirty-five or f»)rty millions. — j as they now are for /lafs." Now if we value these at two (hdlars a piece, which I did every thing within my power to have our fine consid.^ring that individuals of gi)od breed are often ' wo(ds exhibited at the WorhPsFair; had I succeeded, sold for several hundred dollars, is moderate enough, j the House of Lords might have horned that ^Ir. we have seventy or eighty millions ; then if we jiild ; Hughes was a prophet; aneople can not only IxMndepen- necessary for their shelter and support, we have one hundred and five to one hnneriods, <'onsidered as of hi;i;h importance in this country, [Irrlanl ; ] so that at certain times, it was deemed necc^ssary [l)y Enji;- landj to take measures to vioderale Us prosjx i ihj [\\* A very larre was anoth(?rex. tensive district of our country, easily point('(| out, whi'h is adinirjibly c!ilculat»Ml for raising; the tlt'cco, which, in Kn;j,land, is called '7o/xiun of idimati^ aii betweoi v.dol that will felt and full, and il»MH'e i the iinest fleece; and l!d. 'fhe new beginner in A\v\:\' [hair] which ve<(l-i thu--. "in moist, ] br short stipled and J'<'lls .s'froii(/h/. The wool is pro- duced not incrclji in Ireland, dit in I.N(.i wn, al-o, is thus c.vrbisireli/ adapttd lo the worsted trade. For woollen (doths and similar ^oods tic w.^,] is ini]'<(fl, i)i l'lit(jland, and thus jj^ot rid of the necessity of punduisin;^- ;i1iro;id : in i muas liKF.N 1'01:M) 1.MP0SSIUI,E, after TUK -MOST i:.\ri:.Nsi\ E KXi'ERiAiKNTs, in ini]jortin/'< '>''/' nwl //-oe/ ikhuu- faeturer that in the puldic, in gcmeial, it is compara- tively useless. Ibit the true patriot, part iculurlv il' he be ji [Militieian. (in tie- pi-dpoi- ^-efivM . .}' t ha! Wurd,; is d(M'ply interested in knowing what arc ail the groat and leailinir: intei-f-ts nf hiv i-onntrx'. The author ef the " I ndu-t iial lb cdrd," speakiii: ol '1 l!on.i>s,i!ivdle, in ( '> 'unect i^ut, savs thtit the manufacture* carpets, annuall\, to the amount tit dSO.OllO yards. To enable them to do ihis, ihey ii.s»' l,0()(),()(l(l and upwards of pounds of wool, all of wliid. is, he says, imported from either the Mediterranean or vSouth America. But I contend, (and vou aji;rt't' with 10" in t iii^ epinidn. ) that i,\i;';v roi m» or Tin? wool, ol I, HI TO hi: i;\i-M) in oi i; Soi iiukn St.me>. The sheep that j. reduces /Ae thiives there, and editor (»f the work above quoted ha>, inad^ertcntlv. falliMi. Ih^ asserts that the i?nportat!o!i <■[ ilie Mc'li- tei-raiean and South .\nia-ieai| wi^.d. at seven <'"lit? 1, 1 ; manufacturing broadcloths." but she will continue to its breeding and raising, from Dt law are to (Jeorpa. manufacture thest; cloths as long as she can find sale l would ])e a source of inunenso ]»rofit. lint Ihtc w»' for them: consecpuMitly she Tuti^t import fine wool ! fetd called upon to notice an (M-ror into whicdi the from some other country. W ii\ .shouhi nui ////.s- c(*nn- try be the United States? \\ hy not X'irginia? (un any on(» give a reason? If w(^ can produce as line wool as anv other country, wliv i!ia\ ^die ni.t im!» irt •- • . . I OWV wool as she doi'v our e'-//'//r' lloWwill it b" if we can ])roduce ////'/■ \sool than anv othi'r counti-N ? And Ave can produce liier wool ilem any exe.p; Saxony. One ])ortion of the art of she(>p IjriM'din;;- convivfs in sehn'ting th(» pro])' r breed of' .shr> j) f't.r the jxrr'o ii/en that neither Kngland nor Indand can raise* iht' ^Ine iron!!,,!- sheep. J)octor Kane says that it has been found to be impossible, after the most expensive experinu^nts. — | thirty cents a ]>ound, produces, on an average, enb He attributes the failure to climate ajid food. The three ]>ounds of fleece; Avhereas of ih, hairv'^flcet'e.v natural food d<*pends upon \\w soil and elinnite; so bn^d in tho bnii.d Stat(*s. I ha\ in im\ eabinet spec that he might have said ''soil and rlimafc" If it de- 'mens that jn-odueid 17' lbs. Xoav a*S( IiooILmv cai pends upon elimate it is fortumite for n>. that in this widely cxtendtHl contintMit Ave have almost every A'ariety of it; but still, it is a most important {)oint for the farmer to knoAv Avhich lu'ced of sheep will I ITA lbs. of hairy fleece {\t 7 cents, thrive best and ]>roduce tln^ finest Avoid, in the par- ticular district Avhere Providence has i'ast h\< lot. — And Ave confess that upon turning over the haves ot' the volume of the Cabinet of American Wools, we were forcibly struck with the correctness ^^\' there- mark first made at the late Pennsylvania Airricultural Convention, that tAvo parallel lines mi a ]u)nns iif a ini'rlei-e. m NNith the doine^iic \\,n<\ t:i'ower, who, ( he sa\ -. ' < f^H' not a.iloid to rai-e wmd al .>^o low a price, when, ^vitl' the same lood .iiid cxpetp^e, heeanrai^e tleecr-^ wertli on an a\erage. thirty e nts a pound. lint he seem* Ol l!a\«' In on entirely unaware «d" the !act, that t!;- j)lnc,y Avher.' these liaiiv llecces can be grown, Jin- unlit for the breeding and i'ai>in'j; < 'f the ///e irooh'd ,\h'' i>. lie s(Mnns also to ha\o lo.-^l sight of the fai't. that the sheep, Avhose Vvo.d is AVorth (as he say;*. cypher thi^ ont most profit a hi". ') lbs. of line tleece at 30 cents, OAV a S( hoi dh ^how tha* thi^ latter avooI Uahni«-e ill j;i\or (d' th«' haiiv fierce, ' 'lie million (d pounds (d llecce I o i-ai-^e y is tli" at :> lbs. 'i> sheep w.aild reipiire ,'b'*..'^,.'>o.") sheep. ibit to raise one million of pounds of hairy fleoo«'. a Agricultural at 17] lbs. per sheep, AVonli recpnre only 57,140 sheer tght be drawn I Difference 70,103 shee]>. the f 'c.liipr ui ,. , . .- , - . , ^ . ... . ^ and takiMp. over the map ot the V'nited States, iuiduding within | care of Avhi. h, would cost S5l71,dl!(). them the geographical (and perhaps the geological) Our brethern of the Eastern parts, of the Southon^ States, should, therefore, turn their attention t<> *• This puts us in mind of British Avritera talking of breeding and raising M^' hairy sheep; and Congro?f the arroyanee of New England in attempting^ to should encourage them to do so, by laying a duty on manufacture. ° ' foreign avooI, though worth only seven cents a pouuJ isr»i.l lloRTrCULTURAL. 13) 1 ■"« r2 ir~"^ ^ ^V-/*:r • -'•1 •-' (SZJ--/^^' C'ultixation ol lretty sure iu'licatien of brou^^ht into a w arm room. The leaves shrivel uj) — tloAvcr liud-^ fal! o}V without expanding — and the jdant beconuis sickiv, and either loses its leavers op dies. l>y attention to the hints thus briefly throAvn t«>- ffother, every lady may cultivate as many handsouio I plants as Avill fill her windoAVS. In concdusion, Ave ! would sav, that if numy young ladies Avould devot'> ' one half the tinn^ to the cultivation of flowers, ih- y criyo to novel r 'adin<'", tlu v we.nM not onlv be moro — admired, hut th-'V N\onld r- leh'!' tie in-' l\es much wi'':r Sir: — Your favor of ih- l;h In-:. \".a- r la^ ceived on Saturdav 1 shall be pleased to .-cc you a morose and sdoi'^h disposition. Prc^sumiiej-, Iioav- ^v]len \oneome to the citv: \«ill von do me the favor ever, that there are few of our lad\ readers who be- lon<'' to the latter (dass, avc present an abstract of valuable hints, for AvindoAv gardening, Avhich we com- mend to their especial attention. IMants groAvn in pots require more attention than to brin:f with vou a few buds ol the Ueneral Hand plum. In the July number of the Farm Jt)urnal, vou have ft * given me a pt)sition in the Pennsylvania Horticultu- ral Society, to Avhiidi I am not entitled, 'fhough a those groAvn in almost any other Avay. Tliey are I j.^^.j^^^^^.j. ,,{■ ^j,,, i^uit connnittee, 1 am n-t the (hair- generally kept in the In.u-e, and most fi'Mpiently in | j,i.^,j, 'Y\^\^ honor was conferred on ll. V> . K \ ~ r. those apartments Avliieli the fMuilv reiruhirlv oecu!)y. The disadvantages attending their position are such as to require the utmost attention to counteract them. The air of the family room is jrenerallv diy, and as ft T' ft' fr a plant derives its nourishment from the leaves as AV(dl as the roots, this kind (d'an aliiio;-phoro I^ pecu- Esq., in ISbb thr(;e years IxTore 1 became connected Avilh the society; and so highly have his service.>* oyer been a}ipreciated, that lie has contiiuied to r*^ ccive this mark of appndjation aniidme'Vits ad.qited v. a ■ oiu' creat > ae' Willi jnitt(H) for establishin 'c a li\t d 1.-: 1 Ml: ♦ '.. I, anioi; J a ■' c in liarly unfavorable to theni. become lilhd with du-t, a,n 1 hene- fail to :n- witli ' j,;],!,.^. f,,i. establishing- ih ■ nani' - of fiiii;-." .My th'dr !;atiir:d en-.r-y. b -lioidd th-rid'ore be a li\.d n.unt'beiu-- plie.d'li-l <\\ that e-nnnii i' '• ha- j-ro- ruie to give tin- phmt- the benojlis ,,j'fr,..]i ;iii- \sli..n. |,.iidy ocassioncd tluM-rroneous impression rot', rrod :-> e\er practicable, 'fho !, aves, A\h'( h have sail', red ' ;i]>oye,and Avhidi has .several tinn-s a]>pi'ared in print. from the dust and d,r\n".ss cf the giitin- room, shonll Havin"- be. n instrumental in dis.seminating this error, be Avell syringed, so as to clean tin m thoroughly of ; [ ^jn^t you Avill do me the favor publicly to correct it. the particles of dust, and restore the pores to their j ^^^^^^ pj.^,,eod to make a few more remarks on tli- naturally healthy condition. Water should never 1- ]>ermitted to stand in the saucers for any hmgth of time, as the effcM-t of the stagnant Avater in the Avinter season, is to chill the I now proct ras])berry. The usual mode of propagating the raspberry is bj suckers. As hoAvever but foAv of these are sent uj) annually to supply the place of the old canes Avhich roots and thus injure the healtliin(\ss of the plant, always perish after having matured ilie fruit, it must besides, the Avater will cause the Spongioles i>f the roots to become rotten. Pluck off and throAV aAvaj all the decayed and de- caying leaA'cs. w-i both tlu^ family and the plants Avill be benefitted by their remoyah The decayiufr vc^e- table matter destroys the beauty of the plant, as Avell as the fragrance of the flower. Give the plants the benefit of light and air, both being essential to their growth and health. Po not necessarily take a considerable time to multiply th« variety to any extent. It nmy also be readily propagated by layering. — Cuttings strike Aviili nun !i difliculty. But the best and most expeditious mode of multi- plying the raspberry is by diyision of the roots. In this Avay it may be propagated Avith as much facilitj as the Morns multicaulis, or Paidlinia imperialis. — Hy pursuing this plan, I have, in one year, from a keep them too warm. We see the importance of this small plant, raised forty or fifty; and if I mi take when plants cultivated in a green house arc suddenly ' not Mr. Robert Buist and Mr. James D. Fulton ha^^ 140 ifoirrKMu/nniAT.. [ \T'nT-«;T. is:>l.l A!ir,()lUCULTril \L. 1 il ri'-ff'Wl ■i.ii.u" MMmm'-'-'r^ ■■■ been still more successful. Admitting; however that only twenty plants can be raised in this way in a Bcason; then in the same ratio in two years the pro- duce from a single plant will be 400— in three years 8000_in four years 100,000 — and in iiv. years 3,200,000. of P(»rtup;uese rmince. These have grown finely, mako new wood frecdy every snason, are n^ood bearers, and are nnw io :i very lliriviii;; state. From the roots of them, sev<'r;i! Makers ciun'' up. on tliree of which I have jL^rafted pear tree scions. These are now ;5r()w- in-li:ill have to conclude The root of the raspberry is replete with eyes, visi- ble or dormant. It may be divided therefore into i that success dr^p-iuls on tlie LinU uf (jKincc which very small portions. The best time to make tbe di- | ccmstitutes the M(u k. vision is at the coinmeneenient of tin- winter er early | \ jjuve sevIir((i-/in;/. 1 shall ;_T;ift pots and placed in a enld IVame in a «:reen house at ■ ^]^^.^^^ ,i('.\t sprini;- with s<-ions e(l several hiimlr^'d phmts ^^ .j,|„. ( >,i|.,li rr-o-raft them ou" ineli hi-hor uji. with from root cutt in r(tkaliiy he, to dwarf of propa^i^atin;; the raspberry, in a i-o(>m where the | the trcM', and ()o8sibly may impi'.ae the ipiality of sun never enters, cannot be recommended, a^ ^hn the fruit. The process i< crtiMulv m slow one: Imt solar rays are essential to a healthy and vi^^orous it ean scarcely ];e more pronartrd and less succes.- growth. Having occupied enough ot your space for ihe pre- sent, I must defer to a future occasion some other remarks 1 purposed making on this subject, and es- pecially in relatiim to a kind of food to which the raspberry is ])articularly ])artial. Very truly y< aii-s, \\ . 1>. r.fMNCKLE. Dwarf I'lar l K t s. Mr. Editor: — My experience in th(> cultivation of pear trees on quince stocks, is similar to that of Mr Kshleman, as recorded in tie " l';irm diurnal " for July. Nine years ago, 1 grafted some seedlin!j: (piiiK e fill, than the atteiMpt to prothu-e dw ;irf trees on stock' of ;he ciunne >\\ piinco. Cats have a strange penchant At \\iietting thoi: claws on the stems of dwarf trees, and thus deeply lacerating the bark. A piece of twine, looped to on'^ of th • l.i\\( r limbs. ;ind wunnd spii-ally but looseh ju'oinel i!ie >lt m, ring, on the topmost shoul of an old (luince tree, duly iiimm 'd up. 11' ni:iy- pei-!i;.p-. be niMTe s ni'ce.v- ill 1 in rai^i}i Ibr the (pn.ice ^-tot-k is well knew n, and uulos? propi'f prt tl!<'_'* attack-. lle'\- alm.i^t ie,\ariablv li-'-iroy ih.eni. »''' have, at tins iime, (piite a inind>ei' el' dwarf poiir suits. Stirring the se)il, and the use of n'rtilizers and stimulants, were e([uall\ unavailing, hi the envninM; spring several were found to be dead, and ilie re- mainder made no progress in growth subsequently, though the effect of careful transplanting was tried. Last fall 1 had only two remaining. IJoth of these put forth leaves this spring; though one of them died within six weeks thereafter. 1 Ic other blossomed; the coryabs opened finely, but set nt»fiuil; and no new wood has been made. Latterly, it shows, un- mistakeably, symptoms of " the sere and yellow leaf;'' and will scarcely survive the winter. These experiments were made on seedlings of the common quince. I have two dwarf pear tre<^8, pro- cured from New York, which arc said to be on stocks grafted on the ntleiiK^" who then had liie irei's in charge, determined to uiuk*^ a last effort to sav(^ them. He dug a trench areunu them, which he filled with suitabhi manure, and tlion heapi'd the earth around the tree until the (jUIIK'^' stock was completely untlerground. The good ctiect* of this treatment was soon a])parent. The trees re- covered their healths ajipearance — new wood ^vii!" rapi'llv formed, and at present writing nearly all ot them are filled with tine fruit. Whether their recov- ery is attributable to the trenching and manurinji;' ^'^ to the covering of the quince stock with earth so ft^* to secure it from the borer, we leave it for others to determine, though we cannot hut think the protection afford(!d the quince stock was the caus(> of their rj^ covery. Wo shall be glad to hear more on this sub- ject.— Fd.J Kvergrecn Trees ami Slirubs. The demand fbr evergreen tre -^ has increased so rapidly within the, last two years, (having been the present season, p-rlinp-^. unprcc.Mlemed,) that 1 pro- pose to notice some ot the well known, as well as more rare varieties, as a matter of interest to many «»f the readers of the b.irni dourna!: in.luding those of more recent introducti(»n fi-Jii abr-ai. ami -iMug promise (»f bein- xaluabic atlditions to our pleasure grounds nn 1 arbtjrcLnm.s. (If 'he beau'.v an'! value of ornam-ntal trees ami them th" tir.^t -vaseii and w.tter in di-y weath' r. ajid 'a'lnre> will rarelv ocenr. become frozen, when the whole can he got under and moved off on a low tnek or sled, the hole being ])ro- viously preyiariMl to receive it. Trees of twf^ntv or more feet lu liei;;lit can be mei\ed in this way, wilii but little perceptible cessation of growth. In addi tion, observe the same general rules in planting as with etlmr trcfts, to place them at about the same depth as bfdbre, to (Iil: lai „" holes, so as to leave at least one foot, ai el th" m a- ■ the ))(»tter, betwa "U the CM remit cv- ej' t 11.' !■• . :i- an i t il" ^ej' ■ L^Tellti' m ! 1 1 ■ 1 1 ■;n -hrul- a- appendag.'S to a dwcllbi;j; -of tleir intr ^ie V. er;h ill eidiancing lb" value ef propei-ly tot|i,.se w ed. The persistent foliage of evergreens at a season when all else is bare, their \ari''ty (.f -.Tew!':!, and shades of color; from the stift' and sombre yew, to the lively tints and graceful habit of tin* hemlock <;r cedar* make them especial favorites: and first, a f'W wervls with respect to Iran-plant ing them. 'I hat tiiere am more fiiilures with tho-;e, tli;in With other trees, is most certain: and it p-ihaps is e([uall_N true that there need not bo. \\ ith the exception of thrta^ or four months, we lear occasionally oi' e\e:greens being moved at all seasons of the vear with success. Ibit while (me swalh-w dn,.. not maki- a ^umm.-r, so I"''"'.^'- "-''" """ '' '"'l''^'' '' <""'' miliar with tie n First and foremost, on account of its Intrinsic worth ami the gr(^at dema.n 1 t'l r it, is the A^nrs rrrrlsa or Xij/iri')/ Jir. This tree is a iiati\e of northern !inro[)e, and from its cntin^ harlinevs and great beautv. is w universal favorite. It will grow either in the ,sh;ido or in an exj^osed position; is easily transplanted; improves with age, becoming more dense and com- pact, w!i! !i I'nikes It \aluableon the exposed side of a house; and i> a rapid growi-r, its leading siji;ot t»il( n making three feet in one season. The branches have a prinb nt or drooping habit, giving it a -tat-lv as w« 11 a.- exceedingly graceful appearance. Trees with this tendeii.'N , whi.-li i^ a mere accidental pi'o- neiiher .!..es the fact oi' mevim: them in the fall or winter. pr"\e this to b(> the be^t tim". Mnid; in tla-se cases mav den.nd (,n tlu' se\eritv or otlifM^w isi^ nl' the winter. My experienct> is. that rather hit" in the ^jiriu'j:. or just as the roots are <'Mnnnenciin:: to throw out new fibres, ami starting in their lew Lrr'.wtb - evergreens may be tran:-]danted with alxar a> mueb certainiN a> oiher trees. It is, however, all import- ant, that after being taken out of the crround, the rcicts slieaild not bo alhaved to bt^come drv. Their newly fiirme.l exirejnitaN (ir spoiv,,].,|., ;^j.,> cnxll'^- closctl up i'v^ m this cause, hi,,! they (litr.-r fr.on doci«lu- ous tree^ in n-it readily again < penin- ;o a) -or! - ile 'r food. They have not the same claMieitv and death ensues to tho tree from the cutting off of the .supplies. Where- It i^ an object to remi.ve them ej a lar"'e size U can safely be done in winter, by (liL'^imj; a trenrdi a few fe(^t fre.m the body o\' thetr-e af any ep n spr>!l ( It is a majestic tree when large, and althnu::h rath-a- Tl e S"!V''ij s])ntrr [ov fir) has been ti-i-d in ^eme parts of I-'urope j",,r hei|;j;iii_r. and wle i-e a h a\ v and imp"neirable sercen i- w ante 1. w nil an-w .a- wejl ; but its ceinpai'ative scai'cit^\, aiei the ;j-reat demand f^r it as an oiaiamental tree, i- a ddk( nltv at j're^ein. jii it> own cunntry, it r' a -h. > en" bun b'ed and fif;\ je-t in b-'i^ht aiel '_:!-e\'. s fr^elx in all -"d^and -ituati. ns. Our common bl.n k spruce, Abies nigra, is often .s,,ld f r th(^ Norway, and is even found occasionally among it in importations bv nurservmen. It is an inferior trc'c in everv rrv-neet, and net alwavs easv te d'tect w la n snndl. but it '-oeii -hows its inf. ricrity. 1 1- h a\ e.s are cen-;i(!erabl V -leaa 'r. a.nd la' eloser tlian the eth- r, and it is al- > a .-h-w grower. The-16/V.9 pirra, or Kur(ipean silver fir i-. in our •pin- ion, verv little, if any. interior to the preceding, and it is surprising that it is not more generalh planieii. of weather, aial allowing the mass of earth within to [*AVe obect to re(i cedar or any other evergreen that is bruicn, as such trees convey the idea of being burnt out by the summer's heat, an appearance which has a bad effect upon the landscape in the vicinity of Philadelphia.— Ed.] sl(Av in creeping up. \et after rea 'iiinL: six or more feet it grows strong and vigorously and retains its sym- netry as it advances; in this particular differing from our own balsam fir, which very frequently loses part of its foliage and displays bare and unsightly branch- es. It has also a more horizontal growth, covering a •' ■•■»|','^; ..•'S'MiLiti mm^'m:^::^r.^ 142 HOiittcmlti:ral. [August, IS.Ol.j noH ^I^^I/^^}^\L, I r; much Avider surface, is of a much deeper jrnM'ii, and more irlossv, and we tliink on all ac(;ounts niucli nK.rr dcHiral)le than the American IkiIui. 'i'li'' nrKi<'r sur- face of the leaves has two vvhitt; lines iiiuiiinf:^ Icnirtli- Tlie stake should !»• Ion"; en()Uf!;h to extend to th' liead or rmwn ni' th^^ tre(\ and slmuld have uii inr}. au^er hole bored throu^^h it live (;r >ix inches abovr' its ].*\ver end, in w]ii(di a pin of locust wood, a fo(-: in the next number. I'aMHAI.L MoKKlS. 'rraiisi)la!itii»j; Fruit 'llYecs. [Translai'il \\>v tli*' Fa! lu dournal iVoni tlie dlittn'boo; wise, giving it a silvery appearance, wliencte its name This tree is very apt to make more than (aie leadin is ! should ])e covered about six inclu's with earth. Icttht to Ix' planted, .^'h-iuld nni be l;ar'!y suiliei»-nt to le- | h,\ver ones extend to w hate\er depth they may. ccive liie roots, buL cunsidiriildjy lar-vr, so that ni | When a youn-- tre(\ just taken from a niirser), in cxtendinn^ tli'Muselves, the rooLs may find a more loos.) ^^^ |^^^ phmte.l, it \> m.t necessary to !..■ ])articuh' and porus soil wherein to spread. ^ about ^ivin- its branches the same exposiir.' tiny k^i In di--in-; the hole, the surface soil, or mouldy before. P>ut in t.i-nsplanlin- an .»lder or b.'arini: should be thrown out to the ri;:;ht hand. ani airain; and the iiurihern sidt* should therelurc t- hoil to the left; and vdieu planting; the tree, the sur- face soil, bein;; richer, should 1)0 thrown in llrst. .r returned directly on and ap.uii^l th.' re..ls, and t^"^ ' „i,\rk,.,l, in su.-h ca-.-^ before the tree is taken up poorer subsoil placed thereon, to be subMMpiently improved by the action of the atmosphere and th(? apidication of manure. If any well rotted manure is used at the time, it must be put in only after the roots have been covered with th-. surhice soil and ^^^^^^^^^ ^^j.^.^,^^ .^^^^^ j^^.^^^ ^,..jj ^j a laver of the suV)Soil has been i.laeed tliereon; an-l it should be at once thoroughly mixed or ineorpi^rated with this reserved subsoil. After the hole has been dug an.i tlie tree is ]>]nnted th(^rein, the roots must be carefully spread out, so that none an^ doubled in nr Ixuit, and tlni- forced to tak'' a wrong direction. Ifue-ir natuial ^iMwth has been .'•ui-h as t.) l.'ave consldej-ablo vacancies about th" slem, th.^ root-^ niav be drawn t.)war'ls eaeli other In j)lantinj;a voung tree, however, it will be of a.- vantage to give a southern oxi)osureto those branehe"< which a]ipear to be the weaker, or to that side of the tree which has the fewer branches. The genial in- len Conduce to luoilifT and improve th > shap<' an.l appearancf.' ol" tiie trtf in its siibse(pient growth. It is never ;i.l\sial)le to plant a fruit treconalawn or a grass plot. Ibit il, lor any reason, it be don'', the boh' sliouhi be (lug twi> or thret' feet di'<'\\, and at least six f"et in dianct'T, that the ground may thu^ be thoroughlv I oo^encl over a larg.' s])ace an>l ilica:: have readv access to the roots. This jirea should aNo . , b(; ke-pt i'vct' ironi irrasM :ind weeds, be mulched wit^ ttt those iM)int<, and PMim'd .lown witu woixb-u pegs. ! , . ," , •,, , ,.,i ' ' . , , •, . i saw-dust or pme leav.'S or covered with clean irra\('.. HO a'- to distr;bur' them witn a,s much vu^uhi-ity a^ , ■ ,, n i i /^ i • • ,t ' • or be occasionally well lio»d up. On beginnin;4 i" possible. I 1- 1 1 1 .1 ' 1 i. r i. 1 c \} .^ 1,1^' ' .,,.,., . ! di;'- till' hole, the sod nuist nrst be carctullv parrlOu The gn)und which is pi-.c'-d mnn-diat.'lv on th" ", , • , -i . i • . i i i /• .i,« v>/,'. ^ ' " and hud a^ble, to be invert" 1 and placed in the rxi«- roots should be free fnun stones and thoroughly I ,• , i , i <• .• w * A\-i,.m w ^ -^ tom ol tho hole bclorc^ uiscniug the tree. \\ lieu w broken up, that it may surround and cover them well ,,.,,, , i -.i r .,,.foN> ' * ' jila.'cil. It should be covered witli some fine sunac<' without leaving h(dlows or vacant spaces; and, i>. lore ' . i i . n i n c i- i ,.,1 thp ^ ^ ' _ i sod or mouUl to tic depth .d .several inches, ami tnc treadin , ,'"^ ,. i i .i r, . ♦• r *i, , r^.w-i • ■ ^ ! In jilanti'ig an orchard, the direction of the rewi tine (*arth amoULT th" librous r.-ots. Wlen all th' ' roots have Ixnm thus covered, the ground thould be lightly pressed down by treading. The subsoil, re- tained for this purpose as before directed, is now to be thrown in and jiressed down. The damj). r tlu^ ground is at the time, the slight(!r must be the pres- sure used, or the growth ef the tree will be rctard(>d, if not wholly prevented. Where a stake is to bo applied, it must be placed in its proper position before any ground is deposited on the roots. If driven in after the planting is fin- ished, as is the usual practice, some of the roots and and the di-^tribution of th<> various kinds of trecP, i? of "-r. at i)ni)ortance. The rows should so run a'^ W permit the rays (.)f the sun at niHtn to reach all ti.** trees equally; and they should b(* so far apart as W allow the trees to develope thems(d\es fully, aocord- in*' t<^ their natural habits of irrowth. The tro^? themselves shoubl be set in alternate ranges, or m quincunx order, thus — * Trees of lower growth, such as peaches, apricotJ«. nectarines, plums, quinces, should be set in the ro^« ing r(»ws, westerly, should be placed the apple trees, .Mav duke and other cherry trees of low growth.— Then should follow p(\ir trees, and .-hrry trees of taller growth; aiel if any nut trees arr .-et out, they smaller roots that have b^en lacerated or crushed, should be carefully cut off. Wh 11 young trees ar.' transplanted in the fall. It is not advisable to pruii" .m)' at .rice all tlu^ brancdiei« should be placed in the westernmost row, nearest the | whieh ar<' e vshich an- intended to remain. It is bet- ter to delay the operation till March, when there if no lonirer daiiL:"r tiiat si-\. r,' iro^t ^^ill penetrate the iurious. There will thus be a regular gradation in the size of the trees in the H'weral rows; and th.y will all, as far a-^ po^^ible, i.'quallv <'nioy th" benefit of the morning sun. \\'h' 11 iran-planting a trc", tlu^ pruning knif.- must be Ir.'.lv u-ed, ifa h;int b'' nianuri'il -(U* mtv slitrlitlv. Thr bran. 'hes must all b.- short. •m'd down to from if at all. Ti < in the latt.T . night to b" so tn^at.d t.v , t,, fi\- bu.ls each, a.'eording to the number aid ^^-^ to s".-ur" their liardin.'-^ :>nd durability in any <-oie!lt!.in of th.' roots. If a young tr.'e have nianv i>rai!"h.'S, all the vnialhr oip'S, and su.'li a^ an' not soil or situation in whi.-li tlcv nias .>th : ' ot.'casi..iially n".'. It must b- borne in miiel A pieia- uf soft tlami"! . >r p!"c,. of ..Id wo..l.n sock diat each hud allowed to remain, is intenr m-v uhh gnnit advantage '"wrapped ouc(» a limb: and that th- b.'auty of tic future lead an.und th" main r-of ,.!' ;. tree, Avlii"!i proves to 1^' or crown will .l-p"n'i .utir.lv onih" arrang"!ie-nt ^•'I'V detich-nt in Mii;.!l"r r.,-t-, wh-ii fik-n up i'^^r ani .ii-^iributh.n now ad..j.i".l. Tic s^p naturall\ tran-j.laidin j. 1 1 willloiig retain molstur". and prc- pushe.s with most force towards the upp. r bud<, not; "^'»t'' t^'" ^^p"''dy exsertion of fibrous r.»<)ts. Tr.-s unfrequcntly pa.ssing the lower by, and aHowingthem ^vhe h w..uld otherwise almost certainly fail to gn^w, b) romain dormant or inert. If nianv buds are suf- niay be preserved by this simple application. fere.l to r.'niain. the result ioii «.f the >ap, will be the j^'oduc j)oudeid> w h" ha\" !• sj, ,1 ii^ ^alu", will fa\ r of prematurely, and retard the gr.iwthor j.r.'N.'iit tic withtleir obs' r\ at i..n - and experience with riiiano. «levelopenient of tie tree. Appl-' tr.-es. nior.o\er, We could rea.iil\ tran-i- r to our columns able arti- ahould be so pruicd as to pro. hire a h ll.w or oj»en cles on the subject, fr-ni writers in other sections, but crown. 1 we ar.' very .Icsirous of j. resenting the exp'^'ri.iice of Th.- ii.c.-->"uv ..f prunin'j; tr.'cs fr.-.'lv when trans- s..m" of our own farnoT-, and theref.r.> rep.>at th'' planting th in arises, furtlcrmore, from the fa.d that ' re.piest ma.Ie in ..ur last number. W.- hope .s,,ni" ci ♦ lurini: th.' Mibse(picnt y.-ar their mots are to be re- corr.'sp.m.b'nt^ will take u]> tic -ubje. t. lewed or n .inv..gerat.Ml. iVIicate n.ds, the sp.aigi- ^y,„.^ ^.,,,, A r-iisT.-DiT^n.l-r .>M t-..ws of straw- oh: o( which are y.d t.. push th.'ir way in the gn.und, , ^^^^^. ^^^^^^^,^^ ^,,. „^^^j^^. j,,,,^^ ,„„j^_ Ka.pl.errv can. ^ mill then l.^rm laid ^'pread lat.^ral libr.'S f >r tic collec- ^'"11 ol nutrincnt, cannot id' curse s.'n.l \\]^ such al»unn.-<. of iViiiL trees. — Preserves, wines, Sec, may be made, but require cur? in keeeping. Dry spare fruits that are liable to oc .av. - M'n-irK/'s Jlind hortk. KosF. IvsFCTS. — If our ladv readers are desirous of kee}>ing their rove ]iush"s fr.-e from the nmall gref-n vermin that s . ire juetit iy infest them, the f.)lIowir;^ i n-medv will b- foun.i a nest effectual one: To .'> gal- lons oi" water add one peck of soot and one (juart of unslaeked lime. >tir it w^l! h-t it stami tortw.-ntv- f)ur hours, anlying it. WiNTKK IIkrhs. — The b'"?t time for gath. 'ring herti* ly, if the roots be few in number and small in extent, | ^V^ ^'-ii^'-'-'i* ^^^ i^ when tle-y ar.' in blos.s.m. il itft or have unavoidably sufiered much in tiie removal, till they are in seed, the strength goes to the seed. — They are best picked from the stalks, dried quickly i^arger roots, which have been cut or broken off, (but not burnt) before the fire, and rubbed into pow •hould have the lacerated parta trimmed smooth; and der, then bottled. fibres will bo cut or bruised, and tho tree injured,— on the eastern side of the lot. In the next succecerri(!8 liy l>r. r>i'liirkl<'. of fair ilaviir niul rt'inarkahle size. Alsua Proceedings of the rcnnsylvania U(»rtirii!tural So- ciety. The stated mcetinp; of this association ior the month of July, was hehl in the; Chinese 8aK)()n, on the 15th. The President in the Chair. Thi? disphiy on the occasion was excdlcMit, especially so in the iVuit department, wiru-h pr(^sent(Ml th(^ greatest attractions, and consisted mainly of temptin-^ drapes fioin the President's houses comi)rised ol" s^v* n
  • le> <>f _ „ choice kinds, the finest were tie' Muscat (•!" A!"\;i!i- ! specinifii (oiisi^tiiiL^ of ;t l.i:uir!i with the fruit ()1"('.>. dria. ^Vllili" S\v<'^-t Wat-r and lilaek St. Prt''i-s ; dr- i jonir ("jierry, iiit ro(!ue"d tVoin the lloidsy .MeuntuiiH, li(!(in^ Apricots, some ten or more dishes; the lloval, j from tiie garden of Joliu K. lirinekle, and a hcautiful Abxiritarlv and Pcelie vari-'tics from Mrs. John IJ. j model (d" the Ducdiesse d' An^aileme INjar, ]irc|.iir(Ml Smith's; th<' Moorpark Irom \\ ni. \. Tctlit's, James ' by T(»\vnsend (Hover of liyrnsviile, Dutchess f'u., .New Dundas, ll.bi'it .IoIuc-ou'h aiel Isaac li. Daxt-r's ; York, 'rardeus : th- lalt'^r ilso c\hibit"d s^edlinL^s of his ov\n. IMuiMS of the .Mirabclle \ai-iciy, l>y Wm. Fos- ter and Ai x. I'ark'r. Two \ ai'i't ics of .Ne»-tarincs fr M liv the ( 'ommittec on \'(>:relal»]es — For the licst luilf pecds of Tomatoes, to John (lallaeher. loi" tiie second V.A .v.. . ... , jx'st to Tliomas Ab'chan. ^''arih'ner to A. M. Fustwick 'roin John Limbcu-t's^. Piyars. the dar^ron-lje and p,,,- t he be^f ;ind most interest!n;:(lisp!ay of Veta. .Muscat, from A. W . F-.i -t\s ick's iF.artram's garden) ),i,,^ p^ .,,, amateur ;j:ar.h'ner, io \Vi!i. F.'ltoii Lriirdt-n- From Mrs. (iratz i\w, ear!\ (';i*h;nine ;uid .Muscat ''" *•' • petit. Appl<'S. the red J incaliiiL!; from l)arti';im's garden, "'fen varieties of Seedling Ix;-. •■'"■'••••"s, by our indefati. lirmkl". — Very fine (M)osberri(!s were <\hi!iit'(l b.\ Nauc {'>. Ba.\ter, Mrs. John !>. Smith and W m. S. ClewinLrir. Currants, tine r(Hl and white li->»m .>Fi-;s (iiat/; re(l from Mrs. N. W. Rose, and black from John Fim- berts. A specimen of the (.'olon;; Cherry from d. \[. Brincklc, an interesting dwarf species indigenous to tlie llocky Mi)untains. In the collection of lloweripLi, ]>l,int^ were many m K I IK** Specimens of interest an I beani\. U-b-rt Ibr.-t' ,,,.,,, ,..,,.im. ...iw .v contained a handsouK^ plant of Ldium punctatnm, ^ -pj,^. ( 'i^,.,.,.^. <',,,.,.., j,^ ^^..^^ ,.^., .,,,.,]], ,^,]^ line ;(n>l hirgiT Columnea Scheidiana, Veronic:i l/mdh vana, .Ma-me ,i,.^,| le n'ti)f«»re seen bv th.' i 'onnnittee. flic U;i^p lia T>umila, etc. Am varieii.w nf Fuch^a , ^j„. <,.^,,, ,^, ,.,,.,, j^;,,, p,l,^;.|j,,,^,.^._ with a number (>f others, dohn Sheiwooibs h:nl ! On i h- H^t h n !t.. b\ Mrs. A. .M. Hoe .•iitJ.rTii-inlivllnin ciliatum. ( iard ii la ra bican-^. d ii^t icia ,...ii., < m ;,^ Sti"-niaphylluin ciliatum, (bird ma ra lican-^, d n^t loa ,.,,ij ( snp»M*i( >r Mtjr- carnea, etc. Also a table ol' thai erarei'nl u;''mi- the Fuchsia contccinin::- soni'^ doz'Mi of well !j;ro\\ n plants. From .V. M .F/i'-t wick's ( Ivii-tram^ garden) hamisome i)lanu; ^'i' II vdran;!;ea liort-n.^is. Kej:onias,( 'aU'(V)lar!as and oth(M's. Fdward hehc\an bronchi a tine collection (,f .Vcbinieiies several of which were new and sciai for the lirst tini • on our taMe^. a beaulii'ul display.- — The seedlini; Carnations by .Math.ew MilN and Joseph Mindus were good. Th ■ 15 'n(|U"ts and H.iski t^ were prettv ; a basket and band li.xpiet (tf Native lluwers fromllobert Kilvington was much admired. Th(^ three displays of culinary vegetables did great credit to Tliomas Wriggin's gardener ; to Miss Uratz's and tb)hn Lambert's. Tlu^ f illowing was the rej. orts of awards : Bv the Committee on I'kutt- e.nd Flower.^ -r'./r?ia- iion, for the best Am ric.in SeedlinL; to Mathew Mills C'l'l'les. On the -J,! ijist.. from J. B. iiatoii, Ibbfale. .N. \.. s).ecimen< of a Oiea'rv verv lai'Li"'' rcil forei;:;n \iirit'tv. snpjMi'^eil lo !)" I>ii;-arreau of Lyons. A tin" kirp' Chei-ry fn-m flonatlian C. iialdwin. Ciie>>ter Ce., ^iip poyd.ivvs wore pro- posed wbie'i bie ov(a' for c iti'^hl'Tat M.n. On niotiMU ord'M-ed that a ^iher m ..hil lie awarilotl to l>r. ^\ . I>. F.nnckle lor nas;n;j; orii;-inated many Ixaspberi les I if gi-cat merit. Ordered that the tlmaks (;f th" society be tenilerod to Isaac l>. I'»i\t'-r tor ilie rejinipii^hment of thesp''- ««»•"•• .v.. ...w .^.... ._, j.j.^j j,r,i!iiuin of three d)iiars for the ('ol. ^\ ikl'^'^ riauts in pots, for the most inter(^stIng collection, to \ i..^,pi,errv. award' d at the last stated meetin-. James Roby, foreman to ll(d)ert Ibnst ; tor the s"con,l j ^^^^ motion adiourmni 1 . .L X X« '..... \?\ ^.,,.1., ♦,, I .1,,, I .,.>,!, ....» . •' best, to Maurice Finn, gar. bner to dohn Lambert; for third l>est to Isaac ^Varr. ;:a.rdener to dolni Slu^r- "wood. Bouquet for the hand, I'or the best, to Robert Kilvington; fur the best formed of indigenous llow- ers, to the same; for the best Basket ol' cut ib.wers. to Henry A. Ureer; for the best indigenous llowers, to Robert Kilvington. By the Committee on Fruit — Grapes for the best of vrhite variety the muscat of Alexandria: — for the sec- ond bi^st, the white sweet water and for the beat of a black variety, the St Peter, to John Kllis, gardener to Caleb Cope — Apricots, for tho boat, tho Royal, to TUOS. W J.VMES, Kccordinj Sfcrctarij. TiiK M\\ who first introduced the fannin.: mil' into Scotland was denounc d '.\^ an athei.-^t — he ^>'*■ getting up gales of wuui wheu Fr-jvidcncc willcu i calm. r to Thonia- \\ I'iLCU'in^ : for the second !ie>t te .fijj; (bdlachei- gard"ner to .Min the b.Mli ultimo a bt\antiful collection of Cli"r- rie-s by \. M. Sjianirler, t:"rown by .Me^vrs. E. ^V. Carpenter, M. Fiirm an and l)r. I'arry ot Lancastf", labelled Nap(deon liigaricm. \\ bite (irafton, DouLt- ful. CumbiM'laud S"odling, May Duke, Morello, Eng- lish Morelk I, and Kentish. On th" 'Jolli ult., bv Robert Rnist, specimens of the Ciieri'v Currant and a nati\e yellow Ra- .. ' .1 ■ ■ '■", "-■ .»» ' A rEN\.SYLVANIA BARX, DUILT ON THE SWITZER 1! ^V |^Ve are iiideljted for the cuts and followiu"- de- scription to the politeness ui' Tiieo. Fenn, Esq., of the Penn.sylvania Telegra})h, for wdiose paper it was prepared.] Pennsylvania ISarns. However much before us in agrieultural improve- UKMits gen(Tally, the Farmers of the States North and Fast of us may perhaps be, we claim for Penn.sylva- nia the di.^tinetiou of being the only State in the union in whitdi the building of good, substantial, con- venient and spacious uauns is understood and prac- ticed. Pro]>erly speaking, in other States, t/ui/ have no barns— i\wy don't kuow what a real go^)d barn is —a stable or collection of stable;-, sheds and out- houses ])eing their mako-^diirt substitutes for them.— This is a little singular, but is nevertheless true. A .! .uni.'y through New York and New En-land, will cnnlirm our remarks. TIkto is hardly a real barn to be sei»n. lAidences of plenty there are, and of ex- cellent farming. Y(ea see good houses, beautiful -hnibbery, admirable fences, clean and smooth ii Ids spl'ndid cattle, plenty of hu/ and ijrain stacks —and lots of shed.s and stafdes ; but no iarn.i. Tiiey •ill hav^ to come into Pennsylyonia, and take a pat- : ni from some of our mighty bank-l^arns, looming "•It in the horizon like doubied'-decked men-of-war be- Mde sloops, or like churches beside log huts. As in "ur war vessels, so in our barns also, we have both repared. P is the ]>otatoe I cellar, 10 feet by 20, on the left hand. II. is tint sta- { ble for the Farm Horses only, and A is a double I staUed division of the same, sliut off from the rest ol [ the stable by a lattice dijor, intended as an hospita! or Iving-in roam for mares, th'> whole being about 15] by 42] • (-1 tuid a are the feeding aisles or passag- os,~six feet wide. II on the right hand is another Horse stable, containing six stalls. Hero strange horses are stabled. It is lo] feet by 42^J ; and the ox and cow stables on the right hand side, marked (> anvl C, are of like dimensions. (J is a little room A\ by 15], wiiere harness is kept. S is the straw room from which tho cows in C can be directly fed. 0 is the stable for Bto 'k cattle, p is the passage to the turnip cellar. It is 7 feet wide, and separated fruiM \i . \ '■ \ M .'•'■WjS V 146 TlIK irousK [Arc I ? sr — ff--»(fT « ■■»"'^-|i isrii.] Till: IHMISK. 147 the cow stable merely by double-lattiocMl doors, 0 foo wide. T is the turnip cellar, 27 feet by 10. This and that for Potatoes and Feeding:;, have their floors well jr;routed — that is, stones are broki n fin(% eveidy spread, and liquid lliiK^ ])oured over them, vvliicli makes them rat-proof. 'J'he stabhi floors are treated in the same way. In each of the aisles marked a, there is a continuous ran^e of feeding lo(*kers, on one side, in which oats, corn, or prepared feed m:iY be kept ready for feedinfi; at any time. In the pass- af!;e nuirkcd ;>, are steps to asccMid totlK' seeoiM] lloor. llay is thrown down !ier(\ or throu;:;!! traps in the floor above tlu^ straw room: d is (lie 0 feet eiitraiici' into th(^ straw room : ", ", is tlie stone wall j)rojec;tiii;; 7 fe(^t, and supportliiiz; the overshoot. TIk! following is a plan of the second or front level floor : Tin: iioHsi:. AN ESSAY ON TllK KXTLKNAL FORMATIOV Ou STUUCTIIKK OF I'UK UOUJSK, AM) ON TUH DISOUDEHS OlMUINATING TliKKLKN. (I and il, iwc tlie prranaries. H, I) and 1>. are the barn doors, extendin;:; iVom j^round to roof, F. F and F, are tlie thrf^hin;; floors. M and M, are the hay or ^raiti mows. The partitions dividin;:; the flours and the mows are \'.\k f't'.'t lon^, e\t(Midin|!; across the barn to within 7 feet ot th<> nnr wall. an turnip cellar beh.w. is tilled throni^h the traps in this barn floor. Th»^ Granaries have an area about the same as the Potat'ie and Feediii^ cellars hi'low. The indentation bftwccn the granaric'^, up to the harn doors, is about (> feet. — The roof overshoots this recess abont o fnes may at first be filhd with the unthrashed grain, th(^ central one being first used for its proper purpose in thrashing from the side floors, which, in^ their turn, are used for thrashing the grain stored in the side mows (these being seldom filled with hay) or in the loa oyer the floors.— Ed. J [ Continued J roin paye 1 1 1.] The tail, in regard to the minn(>r in which it is set on, is not to Im' overlooked: a hors(» that curries two good ends, (of which th(^ head tonus one, and tail the other,) always looks grand — is a {)erfect gentle- man in his appearane(>. A hove all otlu^rs, the char- ger should ])ossess this point in perfection, to coin- cide with tin; grandenr of his carriage in the ostciifa tlous parade of a field-day. Jiin<; Ixdlator e^.u';-. cainpo sese arduus iufert. Th(» tail, in most h »r.> ^^ should f)rm, when eh^vated, a straight line, or n(\irly S(), with the back. A genth* declivity of the ciuup, however, from the summit of the lannp, den ol-s the blooddike (piarter, and adils much grace to this purt in the thonaigh-bred: should this lint^ decline vory much, the h(»is(> is said to be droop-arsrd, an^i th'» (piarters los(» much ol' tlicir beauty as well as their natural power. Nolhintr is so u'j,lv in a full ouartor- ed horse, as to sec the tail set on low down, issuing; abru|»tly from the rum]), as if a broom-ilick had b "Mi stuck in the ])lace. The dealers who indiscriminatt.'lv fig all, often sju.il ihc sale of a hors'^ of this df^crip- tion by curling the tail upward with a dos(! of ;:^ingiT. Some horses carry a good tail naturally — others, by means of art, having undergone the opt^ration calk'J nicking, iiingery or p-'l'l^ry hackneys seldom n^ quire incking: indee i, hackneys are often eallod, from this circumstance, cock-tails, in contradistinc tion to thorouirhdjri^ds, who seldom or never carrr any but a drooping-tail. better known bv the nam' of blood-tail ; a cock(^l-tai! would be incompatible with a blooibipiarter: hen,-., it is th i: hlooil horses should nev(»r be fiir'n^il or nickel. The <|\)arters may he t'ull. small, or Hiii- and hlaod- lik(\ Full (juarters ai'c such as are possi^sseJ by cart-horses, large ma<-hinediorses, and hackneys abli' to (;arry great weight. These hoi'ses are wid(^ in tlio hips, though their hij)s are but indistinctlv inarkcs, which. indeiMl, are not oidy ugly, but dense ])arts well lormed, \n e should pronounce tbt* hips to be of the best description. 'J'he small tpiarttT is one that is often seen isi a horse of thi^ inDn. though the geiK^ral contour of it mav be rc<:\dar aii'l unif"orm, it is altogether dispmjiortionatidy small when compared with thi^ carcass: if it grows narrow toNNard the hinder part, the animal is ofl<»n said to bo goose-rumped. Hut, (»f all other structures, the blooib like st adapteetwceu them and the ]V)iiits of the (piarters great, as are al'^o those bc^tween the latter parts and the stifles; tb»? haunUie I, even through the skin, that we can distinguish where one ends aid another be- rins The stithvs slumld i.roject boldly forward, and have a perceptible irregularity of surface. The thighs are good, when long, thick and mus.ular; little hil- locks, or rotu!idities, upon them, mark the course of HUiscies, and always denote great power; th(; nearer the angles which they form with tlie parts above ;ind below Tipproach to right angles, tln^ more force the muscles can exert; ergo, the more powerful th(^ horse. The hock, of all other part^ is in the rae<^r of the utmost importance; it shotild l>e hread. flat, and <»f large dimensions. 'I'he propulsion o| lie m-i- chine is elfei'ted (diiefly by thosi> muscles that are at- t;iched to the point ol' the Innd; ; so thaf the mn:-e nrojectin'i this is. the -reatej- the force they can tvei't, siderahlv lonirer in contraetiiiir thcm^el\e>. in order ^i,,J,,lv (ui th" iirnieiiil ' of the le\cr: as a man wiiii to s,jU!-./.,' ih • wind uiir.yth:in in falliiiL: to h-t it in,t A\ ruw \\itli nriTf he \N lio US brt)ad, projecting hoeRs l' blinker, who will shy at all he meets with, and break vour neck at the first posor^ you ride him at. Jlav- ing satisfied yourself in regard to his peepers, have him pulled out, and next pioceed to examine his pipes. If good and sound, on Ixrnig nipp 'd in the gullet, he ^^ d! utter such a sound as cannot tail to strike the ear as the emission of a good pair (d" bel- lows; but if his lungs are toucdied, and h<' is a piper, (that is, broken-winded, or having no wind at all,) ho will irive vent to a drv, huskv. shi rt coui^h. Sle.uld a horse be susj)ectc«l of had wind. howe\er. ili' pur- chaser cannot do better than direct hi> atlenth.n to the tlank"^. which, under sn.-h ( ircuinsrauces, will wi>rk eith' r mu(di (piiekiu- than ordinarily, or hea\o deeply, and with great irreijulaidt v ; they will I'ccon- ■'•■"• ; . ,.. ......-.., .^ . I i.uj- o;'j' can ruw \\iiii nr>re fa -ilitv and elfect than ^ which tiie\ A^\ ii' he is a poser, i" w hat is ks sudden 'Jdi- :il\ anta'j!;es the jcilrhreil horse with good hock^ or long-cont iuue(l '■■' rti. n ; tic latter, hy hl')',\ m j; hi.H h'-^s moment than ' horn tdamc'eu-Iv under similar ciri um-^tanees ; and tdtlier may he made to (Hs{)lay itself, hv the pur(du\,- possesses as a hunter, arc «d no those a good hock conf\'rs upon a racer: his L^reat propfdling j)o\v<'rs will enable him to ile.ir his ra-^p- crs* with so nundi jxracf^ that the rid(U- will lind it a difficult matter to pound him.f and empowers him to make such ])lay in tic mini as will soon si'W up his lauk-thighed and straight-hocked con^4])(!titors. The p»)int of the hock cannot stand out too much; indeed, the greater its dimensions, altogether, the better, pro- vided it be not gummy, or that its various bony pn*- jections anil sinewv parts be distinctlv seen or felt. If the hock is narrow, its point round, and not well ser ;j;i\in;j; him a snrart v ut, ur c\cii leigniu;:; to do so with \\\< hit of ash. d !iii-d!\ . aud l;i-tl V. as f. • rlie hndts. If. iu passiui;^ V"ur h i!id d.iwn his le--^, w.' loid ;iny uniuitural prcH tub ram-' < u' putiiic s--, it il, \\\ t'-ehng tir-'t "Ue leg and then tie- otic r, we fnul any differ. ue-.' h"t\veen them, disease, more or less, is present: h ■ m iv not b(^ lanns but he is not clean upi»n his legs, Sph»nts, windgalls. and ringbones may be presimt without oc- casioning lameness, but they are all unnatural, are ' "~ I - - - — t.iMuuiiiu^ i;iniuiM*M>«, dui uiey jin^ Jill liiiiia lui ill, iiiu defined, it is sai (ak- tie plirasf* a> jcl u,,t to he d'M.ri'ed fV >m examiiiiu.! him startiuu'. "r Ic nuiy ha\'' a eurh. or a tlcr^u-h pin, !ind he p.'ri<-ct!\ sound: hut these arc still IJ.iauishe", and as su(di detract from the intrinsic value of the animah In e\|ilainin'^ lie ad\anta..:e-, result inj, from ^eed cold' uanat 1' ui, we ai'e nanirallv h'd t" make re- lark- en passant, en rlu' disad\ anta;;es treni had; in and narrowdy. ton. en t!; a ;iec.>unt. Si'dit. w m 1 and lunh, must be the U}>permost oV))ects .,1' impiiry; for nine hun(• these particulars. First, tlnui examine his ey«vs, ami do this befbre Ic c(unes out of the stable. Having placed him so that the ji^rj^t ,,i iv lall up.on the eyes but in -u- dr—tion. se,> tha't tlcv are of th.' sam- si/.e, and e.^ially full; that the haws arc not prominent, and that oic doen n^t project more than the oth-r; that the oyrs are perfectly clear and transparent: and that the pupil.s, or apjdes «)f the oycs, are exactly alike in size as well as color. .V sunken eye, or one over whndi the r,,ls ^r,. parth closed— iL projcF.\R SlR! I have a Ircsh l.'uw that gi\es h'T (pidn'uni <>( milk in th'^ evenincT. and hilN ..if in the mornini:. ict gi\- ing more than halt a pint. I may here stat'\ that so far as can he discovered, she has not got it to giv.» It is let taken fr in le-r (dther by heraelf or h\ other visible mcsans, as measures have been taken to detect ihcm it' anv sm h existed. This state of thin;.;s has ceiiitinued for en e week {u-cviously to whi(h all wan rinht. <'an t mi i.r any et veiur subscribers aeeeuni for it? Tho ("ow apparently is in good health. Y(mrs. respectfully, A SmsruinKR. [The cow is pr(d)ahly not in perfect health. Let her bo fed when being milked. Sec Mr. Morris's re- medy in our last number. — Er.] 148 COTSWOLD SITEF/P. ■ •I uu.iii m •'»H»J1N»T » -TTTrj" ""jr [AuCfST, The Cots wold Sheep. Tli(5 Cot.swdlds, until imjjroved l)y mod' rn crosses, Avere a very largo, coarHo, i()n^-l(^^t';e(l, fiat-ribbed \ a- riety, li^;ht in the fore-quarter — shearin;:; a loii;.^, heavv, coarse; lleece of wnt,]. Thevwere hardy, ih-d- lilic br(jeders, and ca})ital nurses. Tliey Avere delicient in early maturity, and did not posties;-) (< (sdin^- ]tro- j)erti(>s e(iualing 11k)S(! of tlw. Down or I.'ew Leicc;^- ter. To a cnjs.s Avilh the latter variety vre owe the nujdern or improved C'otswold. liavin;^ litid no per- sonal ex])erienc(i Avitli tlie bi*eed, 1 preler (juotin;; the deiseriptions of the lat<,'r staiidard En^libh vrrilers, to the task of eom]>ilati(ai. "The Cotswold is a lar;i;<; bnu^d of shee[), -with a long and abundant fleece, and the ewes are Vv ry ])r(i- lific and go(j(l nurses. Formerly they were bred only on th<' hills, and fatted in the valleys, of tlu; Severn and the Thames; but with the inclosure oi' the Cots- wold Hills and the improvement of tli^h- cultivation. tlieyhave ])oen reared and fatted In tin* same district They have be(;n (>xtensivL'ly crossed with th(> Lficos- ter sheep, l>y which the-ir size and fleece have Ix'cn somevriiat diminisiicd, but their carcasses consi(l(M.;!. bly imjp.-ovod, and their maturity rendered esirji t.^ Tlie wethers are now sonuitimes fattened :it ] ! months old, when they weigh from 15 lbs. to 24 li,,- per (juarter, and at two years old increase to 2l) ll,s or oO lbs. The wool is strong, mellow, and (,i' if.^,y\ color, though rather coarse, 0 to 8 inches in \'mr()litic nature of the ev>'e3 aiivl th t; a])undance of mdk, luivv; riuidered them in niair, ] daces rivals of the New Leicester, ae.d have oljtainei for ihem, of late years, more attentiejn to their sclr-c- tion and griK^ral treatment, under which m:ui;i"f> ment still farther improvement appears very I'jrobahl'. •■:•/■ ..; r..,'> ■>.-9-: 1 ' /W**-' i;v '"'''^^^f%>y-^ ^A^^!Ks&2:^> 1-^^ :/- THE COT? WOLD SHEEP. They have also been u:^cd in crossing oUicr breeds, and, as before noticed, have been mixed with the Hampshire Downs. It is, indeed tlu* improved (\-ts- wold that, under the term new or le.rproved Oxford- shire Sheep, are so fre([uently the successful candi- dates fi)r prizes offered for the best long- vrooled sheep at some of the principal Agricultural meetings or shows in the kinirdom. The (jualitv of the mutton is considered superior to that of the Leicester, the talloAV being less abundant, with a larger develop- ment of muscle or ilesh. AVe mav, therefore, rciiard this breed as one of established re])utation, and exten- ding itself throughout (^ cry district of tlie kingdom." " The degree to which the cross may bo carried nmst depend upon the nature of the stock, and on the situation and character of the farm. In exposed sit- uations, and somewhat scanty pasture, the (dd blood should decidedly ])revail. On a more sheltered soil, and on land that will bear closer stocking, a greater use may be made of the Leicester. — Another circumstance that will guide tlic hirin r i the object tliat he principally has in view. If he<'X- peets to derive his chiet pr(dits from the wool. h<' will h)ok to the primitive Coiswolds ; if he expects t' gain more as a gra/der, he will use the Leicester ram more frcvdy." Cotswold sheep of good quality have been inipcrto 1 into the United States by Messrs. Corning & Sotliam of Albany, and arj now bred by the latter gcnrl- man. 1 believe there were sevcnil earlier iniperi.i tions — but of their dates or ])articulars I am net ral- vised. — liunclairb' Shecj) Husbamhij. [It will be remembered that some of the best sheep raised in i*cnnsylvania are (»f the Cotswold cresseJ with the Leicester. Mr. B. Hood, of Chester county, and other gentlemen in various sections have tried them and found them, when croi^scd as above, a most valuable breed. — Ed.] iS.-,l.] EDITOniAL. LLHi . ■■« -a ' • I ^■■Miimiaj. Ill 'v?v«n itm ii -i >«« 149 T 1 1 ]^] V A E li J 0 U K X A L . '■ ' - ■ ; ■ 1 . A«^ent>;. Ti:,: Farm JorKXAL mav be had at the foll;v,-i:i(.- \V. !;. /iri'.nij. South od "^x., principal agent for i'l.il'J'lj.hia. S\ . II. Sl'ANCLEIi, 15. r. SCANOI.EJI, '.i<-h to get suliscrilters to an agricultural paper. . .a • of rba* suggestions struek us so forcibly that the inipr">./it)nsniade upr.n us have not yet b< en fa-gotten, aial we now give them to our readers, with the Iiope -!:i^ tlcy y-ill :u-t upon them in behalf of the Farm •buinial. ^\ Im'u ynu moot a neighl)or vriio do.-s n,,t tak- wn : -lieultural pa}>er, instend of discussing :.ome of the iiupr-dltabl,. t. pies of the day, introduce the su})}ect ^. :igrieulture— th" improviMuents making every day i!' larmiug, and 1-t y.air neighbor know' how much '•d^ .-pirii of j»n,gress is attributable to "book • If . lanig. ' Ii" Sa n^ading the Farm dournal, you ciianco to find ^ 111 •tiling not (>xaetly ai'^ ;i imtcomh'mnthewhi.le w.,rl:, ;-^'- ^•"member that oy.-rything ccmtainod in it is not '•'t'uded to benefit yourst-nsts nmst b. look-^d to a little. Sit down and ' •^"^'•-whcdoof it carefully, and our word for it, y-'i '.vill find something to Interest and perhaps b.«n- '/'^ you, and i;iu reading you ehauee to m^et an ar- • -that wdl be <»f service to your n, n-subseribin - ;-^abor, n^a it to bin.. , r bnd him the number tha^ !•• may read fe- himvelf. Should you meet with a valuable .uggestill him of aIvantag(>sof a-I,>Mlf„r,l • ^^^^ I .. ^ *i.-i< altural papers— point to the im- I'l-oviMuents thos- hirrv^r« ..,.. i- , larmers are making wlio sul)scribe '"• :ii'.l r.-ad tliem— tell 1dm of t], . i u-llK^f T r .1 '^ '^^"^ 'd tiie advantage thev Will oe ti» ln»5 r.ii>,n,. r/» 1 . _ *"> '■**"^ .> l."al to Ills State prid'—make him aware .d' the fact that the Farm dournal is t!ie i-nly stridly agricultu- ral journal pubiisli-.l in the State—that* its^articles are writt-n principrJIy ]»y practical m.ai, familiar with the soil of P.Muisylvania e.nd the proper ncxb' of it.; cu!tur.\ and be careful to impress upt-n hi^ mind tha.t by me.king on- (,f your club list, ho will rec.>i^,> t'le .b.-v.-jial for oi;- year at a cost of (rnP,- .S7rr^////-/m'c will sub.-;cri]»e, an.l in a little wlille your club will b- full. Pc-rhai>s, good rf-ade:-, y.-u will ;i>k, " Vvdiy should Ave take so mm h troulil* on ourselves?" To sjx^ak candidly it w.aild not pay you \\^vy well. Lnt, kind fr* aids, rem-mbcr, that w<' should not liv(Mvhollvf ,]• ourxdves. Our n.-igldors hav.« a (d.aim ujion (air r- (.••inis—tlie grcar agrieuliiiral interests of our iiolde S^ate are not yet ledfdevrloped— Pennsylvania does does not occupy tlie posiihn she shoidd, :ind it is your duty, as we fed it to bo (ears, to labor f )r iier advancement. AVI'l y^ u not a--d«t us? Alter the first y(>ar y.ai A\ill have no «liflicultv, f.r the day is coming wh 11 scientific e.grienlture, or ''book farm- ing" as it is called, will so fir take the precedence of th- oM, worn l, winch f(»r lim^m^ss exceeropertv arrangements to have forwarded to Lanc;v«ortation. This is very liberal on tlu^ part of 3Ir. P. and we Iiop^ the offer will be embraced Ijv many of our fruit "'rower.'^ t,m A r.Axn of emigrants from Svreden, numberinir one hundn'd and eighteen, j-assed through l^oston hitelv (m their way to the west, where they intr^nd to en- gage in agricultural pursuits. The procession was led off by thirteen wagons filled v.ith baggage, with ivill be to his familv-if I'Tir T ^'^'^"'''-^^ ^'^^'y th-e wonum a.nd (diildren on the top. The men ful- ^ is a 1 ennsylyaniun, ap- ' lowed, many oi' them with tiieir guns. 150 EDITOTUAL. [August, isr>i.] KDTTOIUAL Ml F-' 'tMLf^miMt • Coiislitutioii of the Pennsylvania St;i(c .\;;iicullu-- Si > !\ I. Tin^ fi()r- ral Society. I sons :is shall si,Li;nify t.. tie; Kxocutivo (•onimitt(*r thoir -„ , ,• , , 1 .1 n i-i .- Til c* 4. I wish tu t)tM;)iii.' lurinlxTs, and shall pay to the,' tn^as- Wc publish below tho ConstitutK.n of the ^"^tato ; ^^^.^^^^ ^^^^ ^.^^^.^^^^ ^j^^. (\,nstitution of the society, nut Society, and tho names of its ofTiccrs. We \V(mhl at | j^.^^^ ^1,.^^^ ^,jjy ,l,,Uar ; and annually then^aftf^r not at tlio same time, press upon those wlio have not al- ' l(>ss than one dollar ; and also of honorary and cor- rcady done so, the importance of becoming members. I i'' ^P "»din-r mcinbcrs if Pennsylvania is ever to assume her ri|:;htful i)osi- tion in an a;i;ricultural y)oint of view, she can do so only throu^j^h tin* medium tirsii.h ;!ii or-aiii/ation. — AVe are not anioiiL!; tlmsc uIm arc (•niitiiiiiaily under- rating the .-kill ofour farmers and artisans; our con- fident lieliei ^<'illL^ that l'enns\ l\anla larminLC ^vil! i'ue oiliiu'rs of crahly with that o!" any of her ^-ist(•r , i,.;,..^ t hree-f'otirths of whom ^hall he practical a^i' •States. It has not lien tin' want of tliose of con\ iiuiu'j; th- \v(.rld that such is the cas(», that t'ce lair or I'.xlohii em \>> he held at Uarrisburg, under tlie auspices of ti:e Stattj Society, has been proposed, and it is the earnest hope of every friend of a;j[;riculture, that our farmers and mechanics will jiroper^y a]>j)reciate the opportunity afforded tluuii of rebukinn; tJlosc^^ho have sncvrinixly pointetl t't l*enns\ 1\ ;;nia a^ i:ra\ nolhiii'i; of tlie tale and iiiLi;eiiuitv of" our lad. !'■-. Ill ;ill t ]i:i' r^dipes p i he;: ~. h. il 1 eei iin •m \ i be p;iven, that herealUu* io( i-e will he I'ewer I'ault- J)u/irs i,f I lie Odicer.'f. Skc r,. Idle I 'resilient sliall ha\e a snperiiitoiid- riiee shall S(>- led a vice president to att in his stead, wdio shall have the same ])ower, and perform the same dutii.'sas the president, until the next annual election. Vice Prc.siilenis. It shall b'-^ their oti; to ask for inf irniat leii a^ t^i the lU' des ni' cultivation adopted by dilierent farmers, and as far as in tln'ir p(iw(>r to make km-nn the resources of their distri^'ts. the nature ot its soib its ueh matter as may interest fanners in ovx'i'V part ol the Stat". Trtdsurcr. 'fhe 'fr» a; ur- r shall i^' ep an acciumt of all inencY.'" pailac(Ml in tl.i ir riji^htful {n)sition before th(» ajj^ricultural world, that we urp;e one and all to prepare tlieir contri])utions ! pondence with all persons intcu'csted in a^jriciiltun'. for bee mmitte*': ea(di erdi'T h.r pav inent inn^t ! m- m;j;ii"(1 l.v the presi- dent or cliairnian (d" the KxecuLive committees (yOrrcspomVuKj Sccrciarj/. The dutv of tlii^ officer shall be to invite a corros- ui i:^^ V I in. ill K 4 in I I" I n I '111 V un II V > '111 I 1 1 (u I i«»nrs ' i^oiKK'iK '■ \% I u 1 ill I pel >( iM> 1 1 1 u"i fMeu iri ;o.:,i i«.nn"* ■ the coming exhibition. Ample prepa.raiien^ have whether in th-' State of bei,nsvlvania, or idsewhorr. 1 r \li t i' I !■ 1 /• 11 hut especi:ilK with our coii-uU in foreie "' that may be brou-ht, and notliiipi^ wdl he l.-ft undMne I troduced, and their titness for cultivation and' prop- •ration in our « limate be tested. At eacdi stated ni''''^' ing of the society he shall read his correspondciu'*'. which shall, eitluT the whole or such parts as ih:»> be selected by the society, form a portion el tiU' to render the w hole afi'air one that will reflect credit upon all concerned. Then let the hands of the State Society be stren«;th ened, and its ef^'orts a])ly and cdieerfully seconded. — inuisaction'^' liCt the yeomanry come to tht; rtiscue, and the 23d, 24th and 2r)th days of October, will be a ]iroud era in the history of Pennsylvania. CONSTITUTION. The name of the socdety shall be the Pennsylvania State A«!;ricultural So('iety. The objects of this soci- ety are to foster and improve a'j;riculture, horticul- ture, and the domestic and household arts. lie shall also corresjiond witii the president or other oflicer of eacdi State societv in the United Statf^f. at least twice in the year, for j)urposes of comhint'n and mutual action, and to be informed of the resiiU and progress of each others efforts; also, to invito mechanics to forward models or implements for ox- amination and trial. Recording Serrefan/. The recording secretary shall keep the minutes ol the society and of the Executive committee ; at the close of each year he shall prepare for ])ubricati()n unch parts of the niiriut-; aid transactions of the so- ciety as may be desi*j;nated. Librarian. The librarian shall take charn;c of all books, pamj)!!- Icts, &c., b(!lon;;ing to the society, and shall act ascu- Treasurer — (ieo. II. Ibieh r, ilojjrestown, Cum. co. Liltrarian — I'r. Luther Keily, Ilarri-buiu". A ii'ilii'l ''■<'! Ckonisi and Geoloyist — ('has. lb Trego, Phihnhdphia, An l-.\''eutive Coinnuttee to consist oi the above- named officers and live additional members, to wit : Algernon S, Ihdx^rts, I'hiialeiphiii cwnnty; »b»hu rator to preserve seeds, implements, or w hatever {»rop- I Kvans, \ "ik I'r. didni liwin, Juniata; l-aie (i. erty the society may possess. M"Kinley, llarrisburg ; l)a\id Munnn.i, dr., i'auphii:. ExcnLfire Com n/ iffrr. 'Idle l!.x'eu!i\ e eonimittee shall traii'^aet tic hu^i- ii<-^v ..f the sueie'\, generally ; shall superintend and direct the pul'lieation of siudi id" the reports and t ,-aii-aelions a-^ the\- nia\' deem }U'op<'r. arid shall (h-- i.aiati' the time and plaee.v f\.r annual e.\hihiti<'n-, re- gulate (he exiHiidi! ures, (ixamine all aernunt--, :ind (iood l^'annin^ Implements. I'"\''r\" fanner slinuld not onlv pro\ide a comphdo et nf farmini:; implements : but that set should Ite d" the mit-t approved cMnstrmdinn. and the })est(pnil tv. It i-i wret(died eeoiiomv tn phi'-' awkward. un- keep such ^'aiera! eharjre (d' the affairs (d' the sMei(»ty 1 wield V (,,]> in (he hand>^ nniv be had Inr the ^anie priee. r>ut admittmix the prii-e o! the convenient implement to heihaihje that nf tho incom'enieiit ene. th" prudent faiaicr will 'j-!adlv [tay the , CuHiOcrlaad. ViCK-PuKSIDKNTS. Geo. ^V. Woodwaro, Ihto^r.tri/ \ i-' Tresiihuf, 1 Congressienal Id.-lidcr, IN hj; lb Sa\'r\, loseph l>. I n;j.tas'.dl, 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 0. 10. 1 1 b'». If). 17. 18. 10. 20. 21. oo « <« «i ( i. 'W tU, • h>hn Ivaiie-dv, W lliam Stewart, Ahm. i;. ^nhvain, J. H. ( larher, (v\)l. lleniw Shubert, Conrad Shine r. •bi'-eh I >riimh.d[er, 11 'U. \\ m. d'ssup, Jac(d> (iund\ , A. (). Iliester, ♦1. S. llaldeman, Pinhiw M'(\nvn, d. n. MWilliams, H nry \V. liees(m, ^Vj'i. A. Stokes, ^^ III. I'atterson, Hiram Hultz, MMrris Leeeh, .James Miles, L)avid Ralston. (^orrespondinr; Secretary— Dr. Alfred L. Elwvn 1 niladelphia. -^ ' Recording Secretary—TxoU. C. Walker, Allegheny. amount of time an in-.x p-aaeneed I 'lys, Give the hi\< t^>'>\^ (d" the h"-t kimb, and ^vhere practica ■ '|e, hi them be adapted in -^i/.e to tleo" 'Str- ii.:th and eaiiaeitv !dr handhii:.: th' ui. Kverv farni'T -!i' Hild pr(>\!de him-ejf with a eeir)- plete set "i I b 'ri h lilt ur;il Impl- inent-, and th"-'' tor, shoubl beef tl,.' ne -L inipre.\ed kind-. Hn.' ;j;rea: reason whygaidns arioso wri'tchedly cultivated, — why weeds are permitted to o- cause the suitable tools arc not within reach. Every farm should boast a tool lumse so arranged, that every implement should have its proper place assignee in its pro])er ])lacc as soon as the workmen are done wdth it. A system itic arrangement of this kind fully carried out, would in a short time become a ■f if "^ b "^^"^^a te» to Si*&'^ mksw^^^m^^IIHI 152 EDITOIITAL. [Aug 15 ST. IS'l.] EDTTOKIAL. -I - o I )0 ri-ji«.»m«w-««''» iix(Ml hii1)It, and tho ii|)roci{it('(l 'lily l>y II coiiijiariHon ])(jhv»M'n tlio conditio )ii ol" the iariu where ^ood impk'iiKiiits ai*(3 ke])t and cinMifully la'L'served, and ono avIkm-c tlx^v avo never i'ound. FiChicatfon and the Aj^riciilhirnl Prc*s. Tho followin;^ truthful ivmarks on tho suljoet of .i;j;ricultural ('(hioation and tho importanco of tho agricultural ])r(>ss. wo copy from th(» aihnir.'ihh' an:lct to believe, thtit "what man h:is don(\ man can do again.'' 'i'liousand^^ ari' aniunilly startled from their old routine practice, by what they see at those exhibitions, and try to imitate or excel the products of tlie fjirm, or the work-shov, which have thus excited their professional emulation. Let us therelbre help to establish county and State s.)ei<'ti<^s throught th(^ land, and h't us add one fea- ture to them, v,hich most of thosi* in existence now lack — not exactlv bH-tur(^s, but brief observations on (»very now or extraordinary subject. This may bo stions put to every exhibitor, by the proper oilicors of the society, and ])ul)licly answered. I have read roj^orts of su(»h ])ublio conversations, in the ]»roceedings of the Ameruan^Institi te, Xew York city, and some other societies. This ]nod<» in I'onveying information, thougli not ahvavs as clear and reliable as written statemruts, possesses man}' advantages. Let it b(» genoi-ally ado])ied, and much good will result therefrom, and tlu; persons who can- not or will nut read, may possess themselves of n f.vr facts on which to base theirown experiments. 1 have heard of the adoption of tljis plan in small lUMghbor- lioods, v/ithout shows, and with the happiest and most our In-ethern to dislairso, they will receive th(i \alu (A' ten, in useful knowledges Tho agrioultui'al })ross is novr tlio most efficient ami legitimat(! advix'ati; of common schoid and s|;ocili(!a'"- ricidtural education ; and this is a sul))(\'t of mMv,. general and vital importance, than all th;j agricultu- ral bureaus and soci(>ties in the v/orhl. The farm(^'''s son must b(» (;ducated for his itrof.w. sion — tho mechanic for his calling, and the \(jtei: J'or the ])rrp(;tU(dioii diul e.rffnsion of otir J'irr In.-fl- /nliojis, and " tho maiufost destiny " of tin; An<lv', or this paper, before it Avas bl(>tted by ni" uneducated speculations, auvl chrince thoughts. Avhir!: tho very system 1 a'lvocate, might have converted in- to gems of beautv and riSefulness. Agri(;uUural education m;iy bo thought, (as som vrho live by agriculturists have said,) "one of tli<' humbugs of the age." l^tIIl it is a ])rinciple th:it I ho'po t») see tested before 1 die. T v,-(.uld ask no lar:- (»r hold on fame, than I could rest on tho broad r - suits of su(di a systiMu as 1 advocate, liut, alas, my powers in this, as in most things, are far bt 1:av luv ontlnisiasm and my apiinn-iedion of thegreat t]u.ii;:-!it' of other u\ou. Hut, t!;ank (Jod, great men and m 'i in power see this matter in its true light, and li;iv dare(l to c;;untenanco and sustain it, even against svi. nominated legislators, v»ho neglect (mr interests, :•!. i self-conut after all, our principal engine, is tho a organ, and th' very soul of tlie associations. ^lan is a vain animal, and loves to see himself "in tpiiid," and ho often Works hard, a.nd effects imu h good, with that power- ful, tlait unacknowledii;od s b(» saying too mucli. lUit, good reader, '' wr vi'.l Iri//' The li- 1 of our correspondents is rapidly in;-r -asing in numbers and ability. Our scientilic aii'l practical men an> giving us the bonotits (d' th; ;r obxavaiioiis and (>xp, "rience. A highly value(l and cjipable eorre>m tho Herman, on Agricultural Chemis- try, which will occupy portions of several siiccevMling numbeisof tho dourmil. Tliis articl' c(»nta;ns the latest summary of this all-important subject, from a most ctanpetent srairce, and will, in itself, bo worth five times the price id' the Journal to our reailers. — Th.' \arious sultjocts treated of, v.ill bo fully illu.-tra- teil, whi< h will materlallv increase its value. in additirn to th's, the articles on Kntomology, Vvill b" (Miitinued, with entiivdy original iilustiations, showing thii habits and characti'r «d" noxious in>ecis. and in that familiar stvie whicdi renders them so val- iKiM ' to (Very reader who cultivtites trees or ]dants. This and nie.ch more tlait will give a permanent value to the Ji.urnal, wo intend d(»ing. V.ill our f:i nds sustain us? \\\^ do not complain of the sup- p<'rt We have received. It ha? be-n lilxn-al beyond our itK^t sanguiiu' ex[tectati(jns; lait we must have niir • suljscriliers. Our expenses of ])u!dication are heavy, and, kind reader, tair family must live. V.'e have a phiu to prt)i»ose, a very sim]>lo ])lan — a favor to ask. A\ V have said wliat wo will do, and having said so, will make good our word. In rclurn for these renewed efforts and incr(\ased «^x])enses. all that we ask i.>, t/iaf earh oiir o/„t,r pnsrj,/ .sahs, n'h< rs will stlar suhsrrilnr. llow easily migi t this be accomplished? H,,w eomf(atalde i\ Would make us f>.>l. What a vast amount (d* -ood would bo accomplished by it, for tin* farming inter- ests .d' Pennsylvania. Only ime su])scri])er each.— U.nieKiber that, ^ c uld be desired, and there is every indication that it Will be as abundant as the wheat and rye. S T K A w n E R R I Es.— Those who purpose idantin-- StraNvbi'i-ry beds, should do so during the present month or early m September. 'Ihc Iliiricst, Surely our fanners have rer.^-on to r'^jolee and b^ 'dad. Tlie harvest is over, and a more boi'.r.tiful e-ne they have never been blesi;vl with., 'i'h" grateful earth has rep.ai^l tie ir toil, by y;(d;ling- li;'r increasi', a.nd their be.rns aiel g]-an:nies are now flilc'd to over- ilowing. Never within <.iir recollection has th -re I'l^t^n sU( h a harve->t. Tho yield has berii most abundi;n^« V, idle th.e crops, so far as avo ha.vo lietird, liave \\\ been secured in llie hiiest conditii-n. 'I'lie AV(»all;er duriu"* the wh.de of the Inirv-'-^t, was all that could have been desired, so tlmt little diiiieulty was expe- rieiiced. and I'ar less ex]tenso than usual im urr",l. Severe storms occurred In ^^om.■? sections, but d:il n< t i\^) niu( h damage, nor ccntinue sidf^-ienily h-r.g to interfere matLiryl,ind an! O'^io. ar;' rejoicing over their abundance: th" crops in those States, having been e.|milly goo.l. TonACfo.— Tlie i'ultivation (.f tobacco lias n<>ver been <*arried on to as great an extent in Pcnn-ylvania a> this season, 'fhe high pri'-^yhi r.ii- svlvania toliacco ci mnnind-'l bi.-tyear. leis given this im]tetus to its cuitivati«»n. and cau.-ed iminy [lersons to enge-i ' in it who le-ver before attempted it. The* most extrinagant r"nt-- h.ave be-n ]>a!d fbr bind, to be used for raising tobacco. In som « se^titius (d Lan- <-aster countv as mmdi as sev(Mitvdive dollars p'-r acre h:is b.een ask"d and freely given. Th.e pn^sent iiidi- ce.tions are, that the coming crop will not be an a\ - ra"-o one, and conseouentlv, tliere must be he;i\y 1 ;-^ xceptiens, :ill the ii(dds W' Inivo se;>n give p-oor jaomise of a good yield. >\ e h..])o, liowover, that th- balance (d* the season will je;.Ao in: re i)npitious, an a. succession .i!" hiario;; ti-c(-s (iui*inL!; tin' <'iitir<' IVuil 8(iason. 'riicii follows a dcsci-ip'iNc list of various fruits in alphabetical ors the superior kinds. The book is illustrated uith many wrjl exe- cuted wood cuts will' ]] will 1 f ;;reat use in "ua- blinL5 th(^ reader to distinguish the varieties. The diseases and insects which infest fruit trees are noticed, and every necessary inlorniation that can be compressed into a volume of this si/c The pro nunciation of manv of the fortajin nain- s i^ -ivi n, but we notice on page 73 that the German z is giv(?n dz instead of ts. The second part of the book is entitle.l " How. AViien, and where to plant," and is accordin-lv dwo- ted to cultivation, including an oniliin' of vegetable physi(dogy. We recommend this mamial to all who are inte- rested in the cultivation of fruits, and congratulate the citizens of the interior counties of T. iin-\ !\ ania upon the advancecl state of hortiruilure anion««st them, as indicatery small V(dum<> without losing their flavor or nutritious pro- l»erties. The process consists in drying tluMU at a low temperature in stoves heated to about 05° Fahr., and in a very powerful c(anpression by hydraulic press. The first operation deprives the 8u])stances of the superabundant water, which, for certain vege- tables, such as cabbages and roots, amounts to more than SO or 85 p(»r cent, of their weight in a fiv^h stato The second reduces th.cir volume, augments their density, making it (Mpial to that of pine wood, and thus facilitates tlnir pieservation and storajre. It is sufficient to soak them in wai'm water ['v^^\n ilurty to forty-five mi notes, when they re absorb ail the water wh!/ (f ('iiicliiiitifi oil the 'JJ, .IJ, (tnd Afk ,,{ Oeloher, IS.")!). j'ublish.-d by the Ohio Stat<' P^^ard (d" Agri(adture. Cohnnbus, ISol, jip., 7'.l, I his ('ooLrress is made of members from dinTcrent parts of f he I'tiiti'd States and Canada, and tluireport <•'" '»^ last meeting contains various matters of interest. I Iruits brouglit togcth.'i- and comjiared before such ;i } ( \,ngr('S'< will r'.rntiially be known bv the same namo ,o\('r the I niiai. so t'lat a great source uf »;rror and ciml'usion will be avidded. An important feature of these meetings is the vote f r and against certain va- rieties of fruit, the list having become so enormously lar'/e tliat it is n^xt to impovvij,],* f, ir a pui'ciiaser to select: or a iiurser\nian to supply the kind likely to be called f,)i-. Th(^ Congress has already jdaeeJ a con^idei-ahle iiumi»er of \ari.;tit;s upon their list of liuits unwoitiiy (-f being cultivated, but llie corres- ponding list of what ('(mstitute the /., •/ tVuits, advan- c(\s \ei-y land and Xoi'th Cai-.dina. The : dam.'s Siir(^rson. Mn.; \\ P.. Cahoon. Wis.; Lewis \\ Allen. ,\ . York: Joseph ih-v. Ik: Va^.A. 1\itnall. Ihl.: Ut. llev. iVisliop Fd liott, (J a.: d. i\. Drayton, S. C; Secretaries.— Y. i:. Klliott. <>/mo; r. IJarrv. A'. York; d. A. Warder. Ohio. The American Jenirnal (f Pharmacy. Edited by Wir^ Froetor, Jr. rhdaiblphia. Puldish.il Qimrterly at i?2.5() a yoav. This dourtuil is devoted to Pbarmaev, Chemistry, /iotdogy. liofany. MiiieraIog\ . Ae., in th(^ir relation." with >biteria niedica ; an! we nvo glad to find that advertisements of (piaek n\edicines are not admitted, in a sensible article on the recent homicide case iu Philadelphia, the following remarks are made. " Much has been written and published in the newspapers about the ncccHsHt/ of physicians writing their prescriptions in English as a remedial policy for these distressing occurrences. Were these re- I 1851.1 POMF.STTO KCONOMV— IVlKbON BIIO 1^\NK— TKllMS. ir)5 ■ IB! imium^rm formers better infornnMl on the subject, they would withdraw their suggestion as being pregnant with evils far gnaiter than those they propose to remove. I.\.r instance, take the root of Hydrastis canadensis, one physician would direct, 'Taki^ of yolden seal roo/,' another. 'Take o^ yellow root: a third, fake .AAu-anye mo/: and a fourth, 'Take oi puccoon root: and they would all mean the same thing. AVould not the license iliu^ gi^'•H lend to multiply the diffi- culty already existin- ? We think si.." DamcLitic (Pcononnj. T(t bi:\ Vol mM iin KK\s. — A-^ tiiis i^ the sea^m tor \oung iducken>. N\'- eommeiid the tollowin- recipe for' frying them, lo our lad;, read' r<. d ake your rhickf'us from the coop, ju-t vJi-u _\ou are rea.dy to clean them. Chop or u rin-- oil" t le-ir h ads instantly disend)o\y(d tic ni— w.i-h tie-m iliorou-hlv wiin hot. inotc(dd) water, and drop them into a pun of b.»din; jiot. nice sw(H;t lai'd. I.' l ikon lr\ until nieely r ."Mt lou Hag I5ane« Mu. Kditor: — 1 send you the recipe U)T a mixture wliieh I think Mr. Keller will finr nniny years, and therefore confidently reciMnmcnd it. — Should it answer the ])urpose, the fifty dollars oiVcred inav be forwarded to you. 1 lb. lilaek walnut leaves cut small. 1 111. ra.s] ted < [U;i-sia '*n o. il. }. 111. s,H»t I V> 'IU (dumne\ . 1 Lralloii w atev. \ pint potash soap, i famdy sidt soaji.) Boil for thirly minute-, then add six gallons ol wa- ter, pour the who].' int<» a keg and ale r li:'.". iul' nia- rffated for tw eni \ -tour liou-'s it ^^i!l !"■ i'll l-r use, and mav bo -traiiiod thr-ujh a, muster bag by ex- pression, ft) be s{)rinkled (»n m 1 u, sijuash, cucum- ber vines, and UjH.n all other plants inie(i.d w,;h bu"-s and injects, by nn^ans of a bru.sli or the rose of browned, then serve them with iien (ream uiaxy. Having <.nce tried this plan, tic- wt;(» glory in tried ' .^ watering can early in the m mini: or at e]<^^>' ot (diicken will never try anv oth ultra mode. It is the n«; plu: do \-K\ P.iT.NTOES. — The usual practice of fryin notati)es until they are l>rown and crisp, is an abomi the da\ . A. 1 . II. or f . kf f r ('i.othfs Pi kk. — Lay between the fdds of 'Mrments that have accpiired an unph^asant odor from nable oiu^ Fried' potatoes to ho. of the right sort, | |^^.j^„ \.y^^\ r^^^-.^y f,,^ ^^me tim«\ ]»ieces of newly mait or two of sugar. This is less heating than if made of wine, aaid, if only to I'xcile perspiration, answers as well. — Lady's lU>(>k. How TO nF.sTRov Fmfs. — Poiir a little simple oxy- mel (an arti(des(dd by druggists) into a common tum- bler glass. an«l place in the glass a piece id' ca]> ])a])er. made into the shape of the upper part of a funind, with a lode ut the bottom to admit the flies. At- traeted bv the t^inell. thev reailily enter tin' trap in swarms, and by the thovisatuls soon collected prove that they have not the wit or the disposition to return. Av excellent wash for the mouth is made of half an ounce of tincture of myrrh and two ounces of IV- ruvi:;n l»ark. Ivccp in a phial f )r use. A few drops iu a glass of water are sufficient. - S M M I I ■ _ - } Oil •• t* _ 7 :.(» '• t !- Hot feu^uii-' d that all pa]>ers in a 'lub sh,.;,!.] .,111 t,, ,. no office. We will mail tiani \\\ w r.ip- t.> a- maai\ di'V, roui idliccs a- may \" necessa- 1-v \\ .■ mako thi~ arrang'-m ■111 in order that persons residing in ditferent imighborhoods may unite, and form larg<' (dubs, and thus secure the "dniK.NAi," at tln^ very lowest club rates;. Specimen copi.>s of the .ToiuXAl. will be sent on ap- ])lication. l^ist-paid, to tln^ ])ublisher. I'nsf Masters, are by law, authorised to remit sul>- scripti-n money to tlie publislaM'. free of }K>sfaye.— Particular attention is asked to this fact, as it will save expense both to subscribers .and publisher. Our Terms ar.MAsn i\ AnvA\< v. The exceedinirly- low rate at whi( h the Journal i^ furnished renders tbi^' imperati\e. Subscriptions may be sent at our risk, and m lun' at })ar where subsscribers reside. '.\i!l be taken. Where the sum to be s(»nt is large we pre- fer that a draft should be procured, if ]»ossible. vSubscribers and Post Masters are invitiMl to act as Agents. A receipt will ahvays be sent with tln^ first number of the copy subscribed for. All letters must bo addressed, i)oub- lisher. A. M. SPAXCLKK, Lancaster, Pa. :^Mis;M&,m^^&Mii: 15G ADVERTISEMENTS. isr.l.J ADVERTISEMENTS. ir>7 * A u STHAWJJERRV PLANTS.' ~' rjMir: sir.scrilx'r clTcrs for sal.,- !(J0() V(;!ii,- :m,l tliriuv Strnwlx-r- A ry pl.-uifs Mt, low prices. 'I'hi.s ami tlir' followhii: Mi-niii, h.-iii-r thii inniH-r iMiie to u,rin iiew l.t-.l3 to lu-ar fruit tli.- (ollou'in.r veur. A 1 ic^. '^ ''• iniiM'isTi' __'^"'- I'J^^lL N'"»- I^' T<::i8t Kin.i;^r,t..Xortltsi.),>.f.an. , , AGENCJY ^ Jor Ike irurchanc and .sale of iin]>n>rr do Ayrsliire do ^\^) ■ do ilo J)evoii8 do tlo do do South jJown Slieep. do Oxfordshire do do do lieieester (Jo Swine and IVmltry of dilferent i)reed3. AH letcrs post ,,r,id will he promptly ;.tteiided to Address A \H().\ CI I'M I '.NT _jVui^nst 1,18.1. Cedar .t, above (nh.'phila. .io( K\A!. OF Tin: filvYk UN jA8TrruTr:r oj t.ic HUttc of l\iinsfr((ui((,Jo,' //u promoilun (f!ke ^PIII'..ldestMeel,anieall'eri<.diealeAtantinAineriea,ispul)!ished J- '^M the hrst. ,»l <"aeli month in the Citv of I'iiilade!,,hia II has Zri^W^'^^^T""^ '•"■ "r^''^^*'« <>^' twenty-hve years, and is' or f M ^';l romnu tee <.| seienunc gentleuieu appcunted lor tlie pii.po.se. hy the IVanMin liisfilnte. ' ' Phe .h-servedlyhi-h lepntalion. hnth at hcnne and abroad. which ami ; v!'i?';'. ''•■'^'"•''"'^^•'| ••""• snstamed, has jiiven it a eirc.lation . i vH.aniie i.lof the best .-haracter, wh.eh enables the Com- " '"--11 InblieatK.nsto make the lH-:st selertioiis from r<.rei.ni ..•riiais.and to ^Mve eirenlation to <.ri-i„al eommunieations on > I c s,,t a thel'.tenrsi..:s,M.dat ti,e latent Oihee. Washinjrto, GUANO WAiUi ra<;u.**i:, ^ ^No 54, i>ovfh IVha vcs, Udow li'ahnd Sheet. LinU'VIAX and r,;ta«ronia (jnano, for sale in lanre or* sinal' ■»■ quantities, in barrels and ha|,'s. on reason;d)Ie terms •'<>^j:i'/i l. JO.NKS, . , . ,„ ,, N'>;'''l,^'.'nth Wharves, l>hihu!elphi;i. Aijulysis PhoBphate ot .vlajrucKia 4."). 1 Oirbonate of Maijiiesiu 1.7 Alkaline Salts (1.0 Oii-^anie ."Matter i;(),G Ammonia 2.^ Water idX Sand &(•.. O.o "The4.'i,l part.s <.f Phosphate of IMaoriH-gj;, contains 9R,7r> narti ol I ho.-^phone Aeul. The -uaiio is of e.xeelleiit .pial.t , ,' eunta,,.'. in- iiearlv one half of matter of the hi-hest vnln.; in A.-rienitiirf' to the ""soil"'"^'""^'' "^ or-unic matter m agood stale for applieutum Uesiiltot an analysis <;f a lot of i'atagouia Cnaiio ni St-.r- -ui,! •^"'V '•) No. .Ol, South Wharves. Plnla. GUASO, pERrVlANand Patagonia Guano for s:ile in lots to suit nur. '■!^='^7«; •'>• , J. CASSKDV& S().\.' Ao l-Jl, South Water bt., a few doors above Doek st , I'Jiila __."'^"^- 4-ly. JJKRKSIIIRE PIGS and South Down Sheep of Pure P.lo.,,! for /, ^''>' .IAS THOKNTON.Jr..' •^"'^'^•^'"- liyberry, Philadelphia Co. TO FARMS :H<^? LAXnilFR k GOIUIKCWT I > :^SPFXTFL^LI.A' ifivifr tfi,- Mtfenfioii of F'nrnpr-- It an.l others to their Kstablishment for the manufacture <,i i' arming Implements and espeeially to their ee'ebrated I'.f.. .,r,. .M.Ki; .1 I *i I ••'-'•-■ •«<'-i" wui.c, >> iisnnigion I M P R O V FD f i R A T \ F A V ^ Ti,. .u;,.,-n,,li„„ |„i,.,. is I.-.V,. Dolbrs ,,, r ',,' 'n,,,!, ,;;-v..,.,le „„ I IT ' '' "" ' """' "■"""'' '■""""'"". i''o«^/,.^,H,„r,u->. P^'"l) i" •"Iv^mo,: r„r v,-.-,r-» ^'1^1 , ,, '> ""'''''' ' , V, ,'.;', -in'' >':ri"">-'' "' 'I',' »""<"'' '' '^"^"■rior ,„ul,tv :, little the posMge pa d. An<.:ii.st 1, i8.";l W.M ilAAIil/rOX, Aetuary, F. I. TOEAinrERS,rLANTi:HS, '( AM>~M.iH>iJar!und (,uh/ iHf KKXriSU ii' CO " " ' ' rDMii- ^^^/"^ '''•'• ^''' ^''■^' ^^'^i'^ ^'^^' '^ '>'■/- r| ll-maimreis so e,md)iMed. that the Ammonia an.! other fer turning it, shon.l it not do good and quiek W(.rk tl,.- Marietta ,n..O.,un,h.. Tnr„piV;:;i^;:;,^: ".\;;::;;:^ y. small fiize. OO.'HI liizmg gases :.re absorbed, fixed, :,nd re iv ei o' , ve . ' "'^ V"''*;^^'- .^V"*'''''" •■'''•'"^'■^^^'"' t'> ''^'"rl- t. ion only as .t re.pures them'. N.', rot. imlde\v C rm v' ; '■"'''' * '•' '''"* '"''"' ''"'" 1^'"'^"'^* attentilm :; ';:" ;r'i;;';:;:r':::r;' '^; •'•' '••-i-tant eon.,.h.ration tonim.. - .Severag.)o.l and responsible Agents wanted in the Western am! Ali.hlie pa, o| Vim..ylvai;ia. to whom a fair pereenta-^e v June 1-tf. •ri'iiHriliv i,i.f .>..rii' I I I"" ■'" "^ ""•>"!( i;uion loiarmers :;.t;.; .1''^''"'' "'"'>' '" I^"'""" l»'-'""''"^^ »t will he admirably . d .t .1 o t,.e renovation, restoration and fertilizing m' sueh lands a.s lia\'e been worn out. ^ ^ i.wms It may be used broadcast, after the ground is ph)u-hed and then hnrow-d ,„w,th thesee.l. It is also valmd.le^s a top\l J^^^^^^^^^^ . IX aer.s per day ean be thus manured in a dav by one man n-he''.rT;i;''''''' ''^ '■ V"' *\-'''^"-'' a.lvamage on-.-om, I'oiatoes. Ah.at. lolK.eeo (.arden \ .'grtables, Kve. Oats, (ireen House l.m s, How.rs, \iues. Wall Fruit, .^e .and ni,,rethana L,:.- n I •••.litieafes from the most e,dehr,t,-.l Karmer. an.l Carde err,' H- shown,all testitying in the highest terms to its qreat valne'-Is -i rtiii/er. A jjaniidilet containing these certificates can be h'ld' In; applying to the manufacturers Tmk rnicH ,s o.v:r.v onk cS .fr'm'nMHlltoliaolhs.''''" '""-^^-^^"^'"^ t.33,bs.,orin casks, Ti:i{,\H (>„sh, «)r approved credit on delivery. Persons wish- ^^sion'-'uhir'"*''^ '"'*'" again will bealloxJ,.da liberal cm . ^ Aug. I, 1-^ '_^^_^_ No. 40, Peek Mip, Aew Y.uk. GUANO AND PLASTKR T^ o,;,Mi''"*";r' '57 ^•"" ^''^'' ''t the lowest market rates. IDUO Tons Dry Patagonia (inn, lo. v.^ .aiLo, ."I'D •' (;t)venmi.Mit P« ruviau'Cuano .'Joobbls. (iround Plaster. The (pialitv of the above is unsurpassed mul /.nn i,„ ,„„ i ed win, coMfi.Ienee t . fann,-rs and otlf, r.'',^ 1^? ? [,<^^""i'"«7">- A liberal deducti<,n made to Country Merehaills ''"'""• >.' ^^ . Ald.i;\ \- Xi^i.'ni T«a JuU- V ^^' ^- ^^^''^^'^^*^«' ^'"^ »^"^« ^^^^'ve CheV St , PMla. ^ ■ 4-7m. TllK MODKL SKKl) STO]?K. I MODEL 8KKI) STOKJ;. A'KOET.Mil,!: SIOKDS, ovorv KiKAvn variety. F Ti^AVKll SEEDS, 500 varictlo.^. CaiASS and FIELD SEEDS. May] Agricultuial and itorticultural Inipi* monts. TIFOMAS F. CROFT/Pnmnetor. f M Agent of Ponna. Farm Journal. Clu'stcr Cuiinlv Ai^rirultural WAREHOUSE Co SEED STORE. lliiih Street, ucdr the TlofUculturtil Ilall^ WESTCHESTER, PA. ^j^mC snh>rrdM'is in Ciniif'c^tioii wjtii ih^'ir ex'»^n,«:Iv»» |_ Nurs-ry Garden, and Green House establishmeiitH, have . rt rt-il a large Wareiionse, aiul will keep coiiistanlly on ii iiid and • nrsi'e.a complete assortment of A;iTicnltuT(tl ciivl 1 fortiru'tnral lm;'l> t!U)its. eoiisitiiig, ill part of Hor:;e Powers end Thrfshi rs, I'liiWH of dilferint sizes and p.atterns. among which .are tlie cele- hr.dMl •• I]ai,'le Self-sharjiening," I'roiily it Meats' Centre Draft. ' ve .it. PASCilALL MORRIS. i!i (Tan. J.')iij rJiiTio l.")fh <()c-t. l.lih (Veh. ];mJi (July P.fli <.N.'V l.-):]i ( M.ucIiIj ii J 1 1 1 1 (.; Oer. i <•!». .Inly Nov. .■\iar. An-r. D< .■. A 111! 1st '*^'<'{|f. Jsr J«a. ].sr I.-^t i>t 1st l.-,t 1st 1-t 1st l.-^r Djxo^ & !:s:i;irs TRY r~) U U CJ --/* v.^ k., I I V I LJ ^-^ V«y £ V JUST PUnLISHED, '. TREATISE ON THE HISTORY AND MAN- ^iLA(;EMEN'r OF ORXAME.NTAE AND DO- MES V\r P()IT.TRY. 13y Rov. Edmund Saul Dixon, A. .M., witli large additions, by J. J. Kerr, M. D. J;lus- ;rati d with mxtv-fivk purtrairs, from nature, engraved c.\prc?5ly tor this worI>. CONTENTS. TIio Tloinc.Qtic P\,wl. 'riie RcMriiig and .Mana^otnfiit o" Fowls. \\l'^^^ — Tlu'ir f'uior. Form and Sex. Eu'irs — Tlu'ir Prr-sorvafioi. lor Ctdinary Purposes. \\\::i> — 'i luir Preservation tor Incubation. Varieties n* ij-,!- Shaaudiae Fowl. The C'ocinn China Fowl. Rnrnham's Imponation of Cochin China Fowls. The .Malay Fowls, sometimes (though crronou^Iy) enlU"! Chifta;ron^r. The i'iinasini — M^A^v; Fowd. 'i'iie O lie Ider land Fowl. ^1 lie i)orkiiiLr Fowl— C(dored Dorkinija. The S(,ar.i:-h Fowl. The Came F.)wl— -Tlic Mexican Hon Cock Game V owl. Tiic CinttaiToncs, The Java, The Shakcbair, and the Jv-rsoy B.ue Fowls. The i'oland or Polish Fowl. 'i'hc Span-Ud Handmrgs— Tho Bolton (>'rcy.s or Creole h owl.^. The Ruttiple.^s Fowl, the Silky and Xe-ro Fowl;., the tn/.zlH or FrieslanU Fowl, the Ciiekoo r ow , the Blue Dun Fowl, and the Lark-crested l-owi. Tne Sniooth-ieceed Rantam. Tne Dun-hill Fowl, the Dominhiuo Fowl, Colonel Ja(! Jiute .-^wan (Cygnus Olor). liie vvildor Canada Goose. '^riie j)o?n' sti," (foosp. Tile ll-; Ltverpool. Capt. W. P. Gaid.ner. N e w .e h i p VV n .s r m < . n v. i. a x d Capi. P. A. D.ean, New j^hip SnACKM.Axo.v, Capt. \V. H WcM. Ship MARY PLEASANTS, Capt. R. R. Dccai:, r,M , r. , ,. es. ill The at onee ear.-, when pn.|M.,iy .•ij.i.li, -1. ...|i" ,.„r.,M,. „. j.ro|.n;;oroniieM. tridy v.iiUMbl,. .Mrdieir..-. mi-.-ht fill a v. ],-,,. with! ertifieate.^.-md i v.-f inionials in f.vor of hi^. ;wti.i... V.V.V eou.viderio- .^ueh ymlls wholly usele«... .sinee tbov ar.' o i ;.-, I v u.anuiaeain d. ai.J m d..- us,. „f to siuh kj, .xt. ;it to p .in, r(i w,,' i useh-. tr.tr-h ujH.n the ,e.:Mi... J sh;.!!. th-retuy.. .,.„,. .,r , ,• • ■ •'" vanuu«^.ii.-.e.vse. that ean bo s,.eM.iiy rnp-d J.v t !..-.' !rv,-„n.. IJorse Keiiov.itin- Powder . viz :_( ii;u,d.rv Ilif bound a.*..i ll r ;^ bloody It H ids., a >nh':xu,\ eertain ear- r.r th.- fl-ave.- if w i i also ehanse. at onee. the st,m,:K h and maw trou, l„;i, worui^ •• • and ii-au) n-tore tli.- >tenia. Ii and h-.w, l> |,, h'-.-lthvaeti-.M ' S'lMH.S lU NuVAlIN "■' ^ -- i Re.». ii Jill ki Spavins. Swct ny. Fistula. Crai^ks. jind .^eratrhe.s. The al.ove nrtiele.s .-..re to he had in nu,-t rf the riti,,, and prin ciiK.l Vida_-.- D.rourin ut the I nir,.,l Male..aMd th- ( -rn. a. I- or sale wholesal.. and retail. al.iolMi II. MnilaVDenut \o' 1>l Fulton Mreet. (I'a tlour.) New Vork. ' "^ i-rie, M:-.eent> p. r he .x lor the (Mntaient; .^50 rents for the Hor^e l.enovutin^' I'uwdeis. !• or ^ale hy \,\^ p, ^ 1>\"|" ^^"••^-^'^••J I^-'^^f Kin^r street: Lancasl: rVa. uih-.s1UnuvaiinuO,.v,mkv. i-.anJnv:d..-.I.h.nMMedvforhnr. HI thecureot theIolh.wintr«h,» i l^ ." i.««. Founder.. J F. -t. E. H. niJTLI.:R ^ cci 23 MixoR Street, Philada.* TheBK.^T nnd.M » T \'.\LLA1JL:": LxhibiUd at the Slate Fair in 18:.(). will he seen hy the award u{ I'ri iniuiii., helow : AU'AnDKD TO K. WHIT'T \\. JK.. 5-j Light Strett, nnltihiare, by the Maryland Slatt .la^ricufntntl Socitti/, At tlieir GrJ Annual fair. h. Id In f.altini<.re I'-'M. 2ith and ".ith (Jetoher. LS.iU. For the be.«t Plow in tlio I'lowini; .Match, tlie Proiify & Mear.s \o o^ For tilt! Itest riowin;,' with Ox Team, .same plow. (Spicial Pr«nuuui) ._ For the hent Plow on Fxhihition, liu;;;rle.s. Nour.«:e. Ma.qnn I. ( o ,■; .No. ., I- 1 I r[) Jill'^liliiml %. V ASNTJIi & ("O b«'t» leave to call tho at loiitinn of Dealers •md I'lanters ot Tnns. and the public in ^'.ii.'ral. to th.-ir v.-- $ ry i:;; : nd c.>MM>btc .toc-k of KKl IT AM, OI^N AM KNTA L oJ thr'^o Nnrs.Ti.'sarc »11 ^muwu .ai tli.- pirmiscs. and i-rcpi.^i.-itc .1 xunUnUr iunurdiatr Mip-i vision of Mr. Saul M'lins.- lon^: <-.„...(- ti..ii \ulli tlii> .■^laldi^liiiu'iit is SOUK' uMiivarit.r l'>v 11h> arciir.uN I ot tlu'st.Mk novvolTrrcdlbr^alr. it r,.i,^i^t^ ,n pavt "J";'''" , , i •'OIIUO IVai Tr.cs. f) toS IVrt lii-h. and .iiil-rann- all th- l'':ur I inKniandard Van.-ru'M. as wrll as tho-.- itc.mi11> ml r nlnc.-d. ..I I •'00(10 Al'id.- Tr.TS. of ^"x/ra v/c. S \n ]i) and 1 'J 1r(>t In-h m- , eluding I'Vt-rv variety wortlo- of c-uUna'uMi, ,. , ^ , lUOOO I'lmu Trees, a t«. H feet, of rvery l^nown kind uf reputa- \ tioii as well asall the nnv.lties(d rer.'tit inlr.Klueti.M. i U) 000 ( herry 'l're<. Gonseberne.« an-l ! fnrraiits Strawberry IMants and Kf^culent IU)(>t.s. .-ueh a.-< A^p:^r- acu^< liliulmiW. iieakale. Jce.. of the mo^t approved kinds Pear ami U"i'><-«-- « «"r'--v «>"M-'»^"'''^^-^"'l Ml'l*' '>" T"J•^(b^e Mtoek.s- for I'yraujids i>r Dwarf:- tor j^arden culture, and euiluaett* all the kind- that hueceed on tho.-e .stocks. Jkciduous (inil Kverr of fJOvr size; nuch as Sural- and Silver Maple. Chinese AilautU8 Morse ( hesnut. (.Htalpa Hun.pean and Anurb-an Arh. Tbn-e Thorned AeaiMa. Kentueky Cottee 'Iree. Silver Abele Tree. Ameriean and Kurope- nn iiaf I'me.s, firs. Spruees. Vews. Arhovvietas. ivc. , .. , W'KKIMNtf TK.r'.b''''^ — Nt'«' Weejiin;: Ash. (I< mxnni^ omiIi'-cI- M^a pendula) the Old Weeping' Ash. ANoepintr Japanese S..pli,.ra, Wceniiii? Kims, (of sorts) Lnibr.lla Headed Loeu.H. ^^ eepuij; Mounlain A^h. Weeping Beech, ice.. *;e ; toirether wdh t-Vv^ variety of rare Maple. Native and Koreign; V er ii) i'ea.uia inond'and Cherry; ( lieMiuts Spanish and American; Tom s^ne Copper Beech; Jud.is Tn.- baiali (Mini I ree. i iihp 1 ree. O iui; Oriiiu''- Paulownia. IVbomtani \-li (Aiio-ru-an ami l-.urope_^,o Mau'iiolias of sorts. Willi many -tin r t liin;^s - melmiin;; s..iiie , u- vnneties of Slirubs. Vines. &:e . lor wlurli ,>ee Catal-.mu-. a new .^.,. .l,..n of which i- just irsued. and will be forwarded lo all pu^t p npidie.ints .,..., i \ l:ir^:e qr.anlity rvi(a' for Screens, and IJucKlhorn an.l <,1sai:e tor ltevl;ie plants Th- .ibove will be sold on .-is iiln-ral t<-nns a" -nmlar stock <-:in be purchased elsewhere. 1- or furllo r p .rliculars we would a-,iin refer to priced ( atab'K'"'' A lib. -, al di-CMunt will be made {y perHon.«« who buy, to sell aj^aiu. and .jxt -n-ne plant.^r.^ on their own ftcouunt. April Sec«1 unci i;ri-i€-iiUiiral M areliouse, [•t4i Mai kit Strrrt, Phiujilclphia. W^ V ofTer to our friends and cu-toim-rs, the I art; est asi^ortmcnt V\ ot .Xnrieulturnl iinpl-nients (iardi-u tools and Seeds, ever ndered in tlMs Market, coiixislinii m p:irl of the It.Uowmi;, vIk — Prouty and Mears" i'atent hii^hesl iireiiiinm sell sharpenini; Ilouichs. ri^ht ami 1< ft Iwmdedside hill Subsoil, of various sizes, of superior materials and workmanship, warranted to ^Mve sati.s- faction, or the money retunud -Kour lii^:be.«;l premium^ awarded to those rioughs at the New York Fair. IH.'.u. Also !5.a(h and iRr Share l'lou>;hs: Spain's improved I'.arrel ( burn. cunstrurl<'d in sucli a manner that the dasher may be removed from the in- wide ».f the (hum by simiiiy unscrewing the hand!<« Inin the dn.-irt Scrxpers. Su^r^r .Mills Ox Yok<'8 a""l Bown. Turnip Drills. Hor»:e Hakes, Swathe SejlheR Cmieuved Hoes. Spring Tempered Cast Steel. Oval and S^u.-ire Manure and Uay Korks, Pruning Shears and ( bisel.s. Heach and Bar Share, rei>airing pieces and castinRS. Peruvian. Pataponia and prepared (.luano. toRetU^r wjUi a complete aj*sorunent of grawi. ftardeu and field seeds, all of which will be sold at the low- est poasible pric««. at lOi^ Market ■troet. Philadelphia ^ptil»-U FROUTY k bAllKIuTT. IMPORTANT TO FAIIMKIJS And I'lii t'sliiii;:; 31a€;hiui' Makers. ^l^'IIK subscriber respei-ttully l.eirs leave to inform tbepuh!;. JL that he has lately perfected a new 'I'hn-- bin;..' Machine and ilnp.M Power, which in point of stren;^'tli. durability, lightness of draii^rJi: and converience in moviiit; is not surpassed or <'(]ualled by niiy MachiiH! in the Uniti-d State«; he al-o confidently affirms that no Machine (d" its strenp;th and durability can be afforded as low _ The invention of this .Machine has been the result of several years experience and hard stiKly ^^'e do not <'laim to iiave ,11- covered any new principle in philosophy — but we doc-laim to h.n-p discov«M-ed a plan by which old philosophical principles are m ,ro correctly and advanta;^eously aiti^liid than on any other iMuchinn This invt ntion is secured by a caveat. These Machines can be had at Israel W f Jroff's Machine Sim;- mil at Prime tV Cob-.vtock's Sa>-h l-actory in .North l)ukestr..'i < :* ...:i .... 1 1.. 1 ...,., 1,. /.., t 1... ..i/....» , 1. Lancaster city, at retail or by whulcsalu on tin; most rca.soimbifj terms. The Power wi^'h^ 000 ])ound<. It is made entirely of Iron with Stei I lournals. and is warranted to Imld S Horses should il .■||,y t iine lie nece^sajy to we so ina.i y. I- roni 'J to 4 1 lories are a -utti - ierit iiuniher for eonuiion thresliinj^ We are about ^ettint; u;. one niiieh liL'bter lor .-^liop purposes tliat W'll lie the eheape.vt ;iii 1 ui 'st eonveiiii lit lliin;; m U'-e; il nn;j:lit a'~o be u-ed witli 2 er i !b.i-es ti.r t Iii'sliin^'; tin- I'liwar.-- an I ('ylinders .-nu! ('nncave rati be- had by the Maelr.ne makers throughout the country oil tin- nio>L lea- 1 iiiable t ernis . tj.*> • \11 ord<-r.^ directed to the su})scriber at Lancaster city w;,. be Ih.inkfnllv receivt-d and proinjtly alti lub-d to Lanc-r. Vi^Vil SA.MUKL PKLTON. Jr. i;i!morc'N 15re-IEIve, &r. ''l"'!!!'' alt« nli<.u (f liee euUnn.-ls is in\ili 1 to this improytt 1 pl.n . Mr. (Jllmore i« a gentleman of fjreat experience and succ^i !i the (ulture of Pees; his improvement is ther«'sult (dniar.y vt-ai* trial; his result has no p.-n-.-ilb 1 in the hi.-tory <.f tb<- iia>t. The .A^'ent ot the - Pennsylvani;i V'arm .lourn-ir" is the .\;'i"it of (iilin ore's System of Hiviiij; and Keedini; the IJee in this .Stitf The price of a Hive and Kixi ures ^i!''" Family Right otO Township Riirhts from flO to l^'Ju. County -■ " !h;;o '• ^2U0. •A Talk about the Honey B««e." a defence of fJilnmre'* «y ■ tern, contains also, testimonials awards of i'remiums l«» (iilni'Tf. Irom the leadini; Kairs and Institutes in this ( ountry ; I'Jctulu «in;.:le; $1.00 per doKcn — [jratis to patrons. ( 'ir'~ulars sent to any applicatit . Address, post paid. J. B. MAV-XARP. April— tf Tiancaster. I'». . « «»-«~ «■■»-•■■« ■ :>. ♦v- .,*' II \\F. been di^tnbut .-d thmu-hcut the rnion The cotii'^J" 1^ has been in succi--.-lul operation for upwiirds v*, S.i'y V'i"' ana may be said to have ^'rown up with the I ity ot 1 hiladell' >'*• where iL was .•\t til St located. It has been gradually enl 'r«'«-a -^ nieet t'le ;j;ru\viiig wants of the public, and is now. a* it evrr ■'■^ been, the most extensive of its kiml in thiscoiuitry Thej?reun ^ in cultivation being ten-fold greater than lho.se ot aii> 'Uni concern in the L^nited .'states. .^^, As the S.M'ds sold by the proprietor are (with slight ''^♦"'^'l^ ' ,,, of bis own rai.'^ing lie is conse<[ucntly. enabled to |[ ,' " ' ,i., I'/ir/a . a matter ot importance to the purchaser of an arlicl''- (juality of which canm't tie delernnned by the eye. Descri)^ (atalogues in Kngli'-h and (icrnian i^ratis . Also for sale, impbinent s lor h arm and < JardeTi in lar^e >.''.r • LANDKl-.TH'S Agricultural Ware liuu.-e, April Sign ot the Plough. 65 ( hesnut st , Philr.d. U''' » Sctening. Siirfare and Snh«o»i r >' which for (lural)ility and easy o( dratl is yet unequalleil. ^^^ The j^reat advantair^s tliese Plows potsess over all ',*'''*'.'^' ,|„ their peculiar conslmctioM .Tiid ttie ttulmlilutloiiot CaslMcel i place of Catt-lron, which only wants to be aeeii t<> be apiTet*'* all of which will Le lold on the m(*t rensMntable pricri t>y May.lbil. C B.BOOB^ VLL younjf persons should have a standard UK TION.\RV at their »'lbows \iid while you are about it ^it the htst; that UictionHry is NU.MI WKBSIKKS iXn^ g> ml wot k abridi^td If you are ttni poor, have the amount frum otf ^Our back, to put it into your head. I'lutuolo^ Jnuiiinl Dr \V ebsl(-r's great work is the best Dictionary of the I'nglish laiiguiige - 1,0 V don Morn tug Chronicle. Tliis volume must find its way into all our public and good pri- vat<- libraries, tor it provides the English student with a Ina.■>.■^ ol the most valuable information which he in vaiu Keek.s tor eLe- wln re lAtmlon /.Ktiaty (iazritr 'i he very large and increasing d'-in and fortius work, affords the brsi possihle eridence to the publi.shers that it is highly '"ueceptiible to the great bi dy of the American peopb- " Containing t/irtt ttmrs the amount ot matt'-r of any other Kn- gli'h L'ictionary couipih d in tin.- c 'untry, or any Abridgment of thi^ work l'ubli.-.be.l Iv (i k ( MF.inil A.M. Sprinu'tield Mav^.all.l f,,r sale by W II M'A.NdLKIt. LaiM-a-t.r la .\ pril. NKW YORK Agricultural ^^aieliouNC^ & Sord Stf three lalg( tive-^tol_v .store-. and roiilain^ a varied uml < ornpii'te a^.sorl me nt of evi rv de^(•riJ)- tioii »d Agrieulturnl and I lort uult oral I m ph nieiit - ar;d Mi I I and (inrdeii Se«d.- retjuired in the ( inti d Stati s \V e have iipu ard ol One Hundred of the lateht improved kiml- ot Plows, mostly nian- utactured by us expres-lv trthe dilJert nl .^tates of the Union. <'«lil<'rnia and Oregon, the British Provinces the West India Island-. .Mexico, and South Amtriea Also Harrows. Moib rs. Seed Sowers Cultivators. Horse iNiwers. 'i'hre.shers. ( *>rn Shelhrs. Heap- ing and .Mowiqg .Muchinch Hay. tJotton. Tobacco. Oil. and Dry (bxxl Presses Brick .Machines. Sliovels. Spades, llo.se .Manure and Hay horks. i^e . &c. (JiDiim [itii,Uments. — 'l hvsi^ an- imported by us direct fn ni the English nraiuifacturers. ormade here to our order. '1 hey consist of a gn-at variety of the choiefst kinds such as Trenciiing and VVee.Jmg horks. I runing and Hedge She.-iis. Hower and Twig (utters, iic. The awsorlmeut for ladies i.s particularly choice and well selected. tield and Garden Seeds— ThcKV are grown expressly for us both in Kurope and this country. They are of the choicest kinds a«id of great varb-ty. We also cddain. as soon a- sufficiently tried aiid well approved, evcr^ new kind uf seed suitable to becuUivated til the United States. J-'f>(tlizrrs -Peruvinn and P.itagonian Cikmio. Bnnedu.st. Poud- ri h;iv,. a large nmnulttvturinge.-tablishment in t his city . wieie we w.U promptly make to order any new article or implement re.iuired by the Far nier or Planter * "' Kxirlstor Sand Paper. — A new and very superior kind of the ^v('VTlO.N-. Kor the cure of t»weiung. Sweeny. 4:c. I'rrpared anT'^'. Vd' ,a""'' *" '''" ^"'"^' MedUinal. Drug and C'hern[;L\'sii;e'Vo'' 1''^"^' l\^"''^» Apri!~tf «»».ore, i\o. U Ka^t King st., " " Lancaslor .-rbe.tper,o,|toth;,:;^; :^ i^,;^'^":;;;;;^'^ P-.ons from the tmneMll.athen.MytholucT \atur ' I'h '^ '*PI><^n Vi" •^ Aj»rU— tf $500 to $2,000 ao Yar. I I o o o \u i: \ I s ^\ i \ a r n . N all the States of the Union, to canvass for the fdi .wmg Im- portant and Valuable Works, which are .-..Id by ,M:b.scnjd ion. We have now about two hundred .\gents in the lii-ld many of them cle.iring from two to kk.ht uoi.laks i-kr day. It will beM-en that th. y are all «.f a very popular and desir.-ible kind and calcu- lated to please almo-t every taatu. Fur further parto-ulais apply (postpaid) to the publisherh. DKRliV & MiLl.lHt. Auburn. ,N. y. liv K e e la and c ore 1 1 uj ••HOW \ FM?MFK M\V rKCOMF. HICH" RLAKK\S FARMKRS KVKRV DAY HOOK, Or. how a Farmer can h, euno- Kidi bi ing .-ketches of U.U' in ths t ountry; with th. I, |,,,i ,, ^ h „ients of practical and tlieor«-tical Agriculture, and tw. Ue hnndnd Laeoriies ;nid A pat h. gins r, 1 1- ting to .Moral-. \<> ginie ;iii,| i:eneral Literature; al-o fjOU Heciipti wu Health Tookets .uid In. no -tic- Fe,,,p.niv, with !■• fine illu.-tra- tiMiis re-pectiu- the vaiiais seems ;Lttend,uit U|-ou f.inuing. etc •'"'"' '' bl'ke ji l> riuthor ol • biograpliital Lietion.ii y," tinily Km- velo)>e(lia. ' i^'' Till- puMi-io I- re.jM cifuiiy announce. tb,-it they h.-ive uiob-r- t.ik.-n the p ii bl le 1 1 •■ oi <>t tins bir-e ;uid b.-autitui work, with a view to supply I de-id -rat iii:i th .1 h i - 1 .ng been fe|t - a book for KVKio h AHMy.u'-i l,iiiitAK> ; te In-vin^' that the veneral>le aut hi-r ha.-» produ(-ed a work th.lt W;ll be WMFtll i t ■« We|-ht lu gold to every '•"■ rs f iniily th.-it thorou^-hlv p. in-.- it It is pn-p.-r to stale that I'r I!! ike j.. a rn mi o . i k . ii m ^ n. and ha- reejaimed a sterile ami A ru ,,nl p;e,e ,,t l.ii,,| i,,t i a v.diiaMe and productive f;,nn-- which experience, with hi.s w.ll knowinjualirtt-aliousasan author, peculiarly Jit him to {)repare a book for farmers. 'i'he work contains Ga4 pages, lirge octavo, with a iimtto sur- rounding each page is printed on fine paper, aiicl hound in sub- stantial imitaliou Turk.y .Morocco, gilt back. Invariable r-t ul price. $;j.OO. .Agents wanted to canvass for the above. FROST'S nCTORlAL illTr^ORV OF CALIFORNIA, 'i he History of the State of Californi .. from the eurlu-st period ot her cn.iuesl hv tin- Spaniards, to her acquisition by the L nitc d States, with an account cd" the discovery ot the iininen e (i..ld Mines, and the .luantity of (;o:d already obtained; the enorniouji increa.se ot population; a description of the mineral and ,-igricui tural rcHourcesof the. country; wiih adventures and lr.>eis anion, the- Mines. Also, advice to Kmigrants, as to the most d.-sirabl' rc.utes thither. To which is add. d th.- ( iiist ituti-n of the Mat of California; with numerous illustrations, and a map .d i nlib.m and the (.old .Mines; in one << ti\ volume, o( 0 pagen, bound ia .same style as .Mexican War. Ketad price, v-j 00 •* I rim prepan-d I hav- . nde.iv-r- 1 to d > my duty •' T[iK LIFFOF ZACHARV TAYLOR, Late President ot th-- I nit. d .st.tt.-.s. m. luding th.- .o.sin' ,s.-r.,,e/i of his life and death by II Nlonigomerv J- nil).dl««h. .1 w a b u steel portrait an. 1 L. liliistrat i-ns, in ..ne .•bu:ant cn-lavo y..|uiue 4W pag.-s. w. 11 printed on line paper and b.-und in substui.u.il moroccc). gilt back. 'J lie lightnings may fla-h. tb.- thund.-r.«: m.iy rattle, He h.-ars re.f. h.- ii.-.d- t ..t In-'s fr.-.- from all pain, H.' -leeps his last -l.-.p h,- h.i- baight hi- 1 e- 1 battle. No sound can awak-- bun to gbrv .•tcnn iM' T.- th.in .0 OOo r,.,,!, .s .,f th.- above w.'i k hav. 1 n «. Id hv UM ami the- ibmami is niiabat.-d !t i- a 11mn», ,i b v en; r- t.. b.-' the most c MiHjjiet.- and auth.-ntie c..p\ ..f .mv o! the- w,.rU- | nrp rting tM be a Lite e J th.- «,r.at .M..U . ! lb.. \^',:. Udail pri. . --,u A CO.MFLFTK HIs'I OrTTm.^ IHF WAR RFTWFFN lilK LWT i Kl) SFATFS A.M) .MFXK (), From the commeoc.-nient ..f the- battle-, f, tin- raiiti.- iti n , f the Tre-aty of Peace, c-ntaining a concise account t t he ,Kpl,.,„i,a military achievements and gb.ri.iu.s vic-tories of the American Army under (Jt-uerals T.iyh.r and Scdt. an-l th.dr gallant com- patriots m arms Also, a concise account of the n.-w t I I>orado the (iolden Land of Calif.. rnia. which was annexed l,^ tlie I'nite.l' States by the treaty of peace- lllu-tr,ite-.l with U p. rtrats .-.nd battle scc-ii'-s. and a st-.-l lik.-m-ss of »,, rn ral ia^b.r. liy b.hii S Jenkins, author of • 'Phe- I it,> ,,f .SiUs \\ n-ht ' • Livs , f \i.,. ri- can (JeneraU.-' etc ,■{,- "j h.^ w,.rk is b no I m eie-^i,,; ., d -ut.- stantial morocco ..:ilt h,o-l< arnl contain- ;')J«i pai:-i .t bo.- liap >>l .Me xic'i and California accomj.anies each book '.* 1 * boo copies of the ab..ve- w..rk have been sold by u-<. chi»'fly in .N Y St.-ite It is t.r'.nowm .-.J by cnctics as the only eoinplrl* ami impartial histc^ry ol the war »-xtant. Subscriptiuu price i>2 5U April SCATTEIKiOOD k IIOWLLL, I)KSI(;\L\(;, DRAVMNG An€l Wood En^^rafliiK^ ■^stuhlisiimont, Iniimter Bun'ii » ^ . 'Vhiyi Street J.^Jnw Chf^?iul */ PHILADELPHIA. WATcaCoLoa Drawiho, PoR!R^,r, Hi/iLD!Wf;i. XfACHrrfrar N.wa r.p.H Hi:*nv I-AarL,. StA. » Sr r Drawn and Kuj;raTtd iulh« bsjT manner ami ou the mo«t reaionablc Torms. AprU,-tf IGO ADVERTISEMENTS. [Aucrs ST. HBlBftlWiiii ' - r wvcmi ■'■mr--» w.'t-nnti'igq— M^r«r— grtawn^i il arris !jur;r AiiricuUural Machine Shop. if *.P v'^.,; >i fiicUEc^vcll ^i Uavisoaa's Salts a^aisis! A CIIALLKNGr:! ! ! I^WY. tl»'('p interest now takon by Afrriculturi.-ts in all (Icsorij tiiiiis (if niJiKiirc. wuiiM seem to juslily Jiny ixi-filiiiit. j.y wliich fiiir .■uid uniucjiKliciMl (■\itcrii;»<'iits ni.iy In niiidc cf tin- v.i- ri()U« (ic.-criptions of inaiiure jil this tiiii" attrartinir tlio attiMid, „ of tlif puhlic. In view of this, and the nndcrsij^in'tl honi.wiiy |„. li< viii<; that the Cluiiiical ( oiiipoiiinl. iiiuiiiifacturfd \t upon the foUovviiiti condition:-/!,', will foit<-it Oiif Iluiiilred i^r»//f ilic stalk. i>r()vidfci the I'n >id<'nt of tin- Sl.u,. AirrieuKui'al Society will .select some persarty cau direct the mode ot u]^y\\. cation; two harrids ot the SalL> to hi; u.m d per ai ic. co.Miiii^ j,, Hiid .".':(> lbs. ot the (Juauo. cost iiij; ^7-0. the party nsakin- t!> e.\perimepnraUon The .'^•tiaw,a8 it comes from the machine, is thoroughly separated from the grain. IMMCRS AT IIARRISBURG. Ft Two-Horse Machine, . - - - f J JJ [JIl '• One-llorse Machine, - - ' ■ ' , 5:-l't><'<> Fvevv .Machine made an.l sold V'V tlieni or their Agents are war- ranted to -nve entire satisfaction to the purchaser, or it may be re- turned to'them after fan trial, and the luifchase monev (it i>ai.l) will he refunded. Five per cent, will he discounted on the ahove i.riees if paid withiu ten days. Orders respecilullv sollicifed. '"^'^ ' M 11 srr.FA'i'u ^ CO, Meadow Lane, between 2d ami od bt , IlarrisUurg, Ta. Mav, 1S51. ^•^^• NURSERYMAN -i- SMtiD GROWER, K.\S iilwiiys (Ml luuul ;c ins •- cti b '>•,'. v, ] C".'- .nu Street, rhiladelidiia, a larg(^ stock (.f Seeds ol" his own .•rowih,^ nry inii'Ortmititr )n U) /-»rr/mu7\s,as he isa practical grow- er.aiulhas ht-cii engaiied m his prolVssion -ver :J(l \ ears. Hi.^ nurse- ry "round isamplv stocked with I'riiii.Shadeand Ornamental '1 lees, accuralelv named and properly cultivated. Every article sold at the lowe.st rates and warranted to be as represented. SeeH Store. 07 Chesnut Stn-et, Thiladelphia. Nurseries and Seed Farm, Darby Road, two nii'es below Gray's Ferry. June 1, 18)1. w. nuisT. 1 l.Ue lu.vuraiici; lor llorsts, tSic. 'ID' .\moTicau Live Stock Insurance Company, (Stockholders in- di'vldna.ly Liable) l\>r the Insurance oi I'iors, s, Muh s. rmt J?j/7s iM:il, (Succc3S; known for a corv crop, tliun \b tei'ibrs they m.ake above ; and the certilieat is wliieh tht y inr'- with pre.-oiit. In the olter of a test, it is nut the ainouut inv( ;■ ed. but the uilHiigness to challeng'- result, tliat speaks their iii- tegrily .and eoiilidence. We could add e.ny amount to the tt~;.- niimy \vepubli>h: hut if the names we refer tt). do not cnniiiiiiiil contfdence no ;idditio;i;il number could. We have never li of the (quality of our art icde. we hav«' been content to leav cision to time, demand and cxi>erim»'nt. that has hi-en in our : vor — ll<^]>ing. if we have less ol • iJi-pliovphates." the public vv ; discover it. .".s they would if it was fuuntl v/.- lia:n ilar to the salts, at tlie rate (d' (uie or two barrels to the iicrf The price of this .article is \'^\ i» r barrel. Let the fanner v' doubts, try it at a bv-s exi)ense than the (dd mode of u.^iii!^ l''- dust. TOBACCO GENERATOR. Q*,Tl;is is a chemical coin]»oi:nd. made expressly fur the growth i ' lue Tobacco jihint. \\ e will caU more .--pecial utteutiou to it u'. the lU'oper season. CHEMICAL nESIDlITMS. Vri> have onst.antly on ii.-.ud < iiemieul liesidiums of ewr ('.< scrii)ti!i: hetl Agriculturist of rrince Ueergi' * county, who may at s(»me future day prc.ent the result of Iiibt-v periment. The price of this i.4 !; •- .00 per barrel. DIRECTIONS. Tlic nuxb' of Using the Kenov.'itor is .simple. inexi>euslvc. :i"' rciiuiring but littb- lab(.r. The tanner must bear in miiul- *'-;• in the jiri'iiar.ation of his f^(»il be shares an e(inal rcsi»onsibility ■ testing the merits of any Tv.;uuirc. Land negligently or h«"^' cultiv.ated gives no manure a fair chance. How to put land in/.'' der he ought to know b<'tter than we can t- in order— if one barrel to the acre is used -atid this (juantity i''"" pend.^ upon the (juality of the land — it should, tor graiu be t"«^'^'' i»road east, and slightly harrowitl in. If two h:irrels are used, one as stated above, and the other «* ' toj»-dri ssing uptm the wluat or rye. early in the spring »t ^^' commenei'iuent of the (irst th.aw. I'pou gr.iss it phould '•<* "^J'; broad-ca.-i upon the timothy or clover. On corn, either Ire."'' cast or in the b.ill. Where iwo barrels are ut-od. one each ^v''? V.*> . I'UICli of the UKNOVATUU, ^20 PER TON, or <3 I'f '^ DAPvHEL. Arnl-tJ_ Wm. B. Wiley, Job Printer, Lancaster, Pa. NIXIV —jmMiBmm 9mwiw± VOL I. L.\N(LVSTEIl, r.\., SEl'TKMBKR, I^.)l m. (). TllL FARM JOUll.NAL. .»^. S. IIAM)!:.MA\, Fditor. l^nlomolojrv, -No. 5. bV THK FI>I lOH. 'Hio colooptorriiiK in^.'.-t - tinii' 1 ]jtiU'llirnvu>'i liiivo till' ond of the antrniia' tliickoiHol, \u\^\ tlo- j.-'nts ol' tlii.s [iiirt fMrined of throe or ni.-rr lint phit* ^ . -losing aj^ninst each other like the leavca of a tmok. iSomt^ of the.se insects are verv de.'itructive to vorrr^ tation, ])j catinir tho roots, leaves an 1 ti.u.r^. Th- n>ots are eut-n i,v (ho !.irv;e. which ar.. s. \\\A JV!'' w. 11 known a.s thick wliitc wi.rnis hcnt in a .«(>ini- Iland jtickiiio-, with lau'iiiiiL:; 'T scahiinir, i.s Lhe best nio-h' yt kn.'wn {n dotn/y th,->,. In.scet.s in tiirlr fH-rfrct cMii(li[;,,n. Th.'v arc p*n.M-,illy iiiactiv*' in the iHurniii-. wli.'ii th-v ho .^iiakrn ^-wni the iVnlt trees and vines, without inducing them tull^-. JJcin*' noc- turnal th;< ina-ti-n niMV ;iri,>, rr,,m full fV.-, lino-, and :i dis|Mi.sith'n ti; rc.-t al'l'M- a i/;j;ht <'l" ucti\ itv. I.ott Tics, Varlnti^ States of the Union |.a-<' d law i a-:iln.«-'t N'lterv pimhlin^, even hofore it was a.scrtain.d that tiicsc !-nntrivancc9 comM 1... cnn.liict.-d in sih li a nnifi- ncr a.- !*» coinrrt th'in into swindliii;; ♦■n;:inc.M of the i^ViAi ,!•),; I. . .1 X >• -J 1' - hrst (da>s, and make lottery dcahrs more (hmo-erouH (^rtb . w iiic}! causes them to he npon one .side. \a ' . . . ' lan^. r* uh rinr^ loi Is n, r , i ■ i \ \\ • ,\ \ \' '"^'"»hers of soci'd^ than cuuntorfoitcrH or professed '''•^ '■•"'>*' -^i'' i'l-nied m dninj:. !)()th in the larva and , , "^ ' |)erh;ct state, .som • are inrined in dciwyin^ veiietalile matter, and others atta-k root.s when larvao, and leaves n\id flowers in tli,.;r perfect state. Some of these larva" are very destructive to pastures and fijrowinoj grain, from the oxtent to which thoy destroy the roots. Thi.s may he >:anihler'^. Anion-: the means adopted f)r j)rote(flnc; the prv [)ulatioii. the huv of l*enn>ylyania h»rbids tlie aJtvT- ^.s<«7 (d" lotr(^ries. hecause it was foreseen not to do this, was merely to chang*^ the scene of the plunder from Pennsylvania to a neighboring State. These remarks are made in consequence of having received through the mail, two documents, one of judged from the fact that in ^'^"^'^» ^^ ^ ^^^''''^ ^-^^^''^i Snni-77ionfhlf/ Courant, pub- Kngland two men colle«,'ted ' l>^^i«'' nobody and oHt^msibly at Jersey city. I n- / ^^H \ eiglity bushels of the perfect ' '^''^ ^'^^ .-•^^^' ^'^ ^ newspaper, it is a trap baited with / I inMe(>ts during th^slntrt pe- ; h>ttery a Courtlandt street. New York, whence he annots In this country various ' the citizens of Pennsylvania. The other document !«iv^*iies f,f VhnJli'phnrja are f.und, most of which are ' r-omes as a letter and is of a similar < haracter. It hnnfiil. 1 li-y are ge,i,>rjdl^v of a chesnut or brown purports to be from on*' l.i^iry, of Frederick, Mary- color, an 1 nniy he ree.,^nis(Ml from the figure. In , land. Although tliere is said to he honor among digging or ph.win- in Ay.ril. they are frciiuently met *****^^^, neither of the. e favors was j. repaid. with, ready t<> make th-ir exit. "We caution our reader.-^ against en.-ouraging lot- I' 1- ]>'i.->il.le that early spring, or hvto fall plowing, teries, e\en as an <>xp(>rinnMit. If any (.ne can spare hy thru\\lng the gnihs within reach of tho frosts, i the amount necessary to buy a tii"kt!t, he had b<'tter when t'o helpless to bury themselves deeper, wouhl ' bestow it in charity. The entire system is criminal; de«troy a great many of them. Variou.i birds as iho \ the ticket 's'-ller instead (»f showing himsfdf oisenlv <^ric,\ :t.i' ! haikhiril. fellow tli.^ plowman to feed upon i like an h(»neHt man doing an honest business, cur- tJiem ; and it i8 prohalle that moles devour them, as t^unsjils window, and hi^ deluded vi.dim skulks bo- thwc httle animals feed upon food of Uiid kmd. | hind a screen to hide hmi.^clf from the passers by. ^oL I. — H. 162 EDITOIMAL. (SEPTKMUFn Congress institutes or permits lotteries, and higher- law virtue never protests; probuljly ]>ocausc it has diHCovered the perfect morality and honcHty of the lott(;ry system; like the newspapers of Wii.sirm<^t()n city, in which the drawiii^H are advertised and sent into the anti-gambling States. Franklin Marshall C'oUej^c. in, well harrow. m|, or otherwise mixed with the Roll, it is generally <'f little eonsequence in whieh of th.j aliove states it is laid on. The (diiof condition in, that it 1»e in the state of a line powder, and that it ho well spread and inlimately mixed with the soil. Picfor*^ these operations are eoiieluded the lime will ho vory nearly in the state of combination in whicdi it oxisti in spontaneously slaked lime, whatever may liav^ been the state of causticity in whi( h it lias been ap- 1 pli^nl. We -are gratified to inform our reaphere previous to the tice a bau one. The virtue of barn yard manure, i: nlowinf^ down?" The "'^'^^ satij?factory answi^r W(> i^ ^vell known, is greatly lessened ])y being exposo^l can fe-ive to this querv ^^■■ll be found in .Johnson's • ' - ^ - -' - ■'- " --'' Agricultural Chemistry, from which valuabh^ work we copy the following: In what st. ^^<^ whouUl l^lmc he applied! to tlie action of the sun and atmosphere, on soiall heaps as is usually the case. When the manure is spread, and ]t«'rmitted to lie exposed any length of 3 copy i^Aio iv^iiv'i. "•^. ,1 1 • fTk The form and state of combination in whii h lime ^ time; on the surface, tl^^ .'ffects are still worse. Ihe oun tlw >^!>ecial ni. ri)Ose which the lime i ""^^'' . . . , • inU.ndoa U, ,"ir',,. ■K,;. t'u mly l.<- lu^vvy „r \l.ht. | ruins, k.vvins a rosiduuui, the f.Tlili.inj; y>rn^.^^V^ •«\rll^h^ culture or lairent mode ot procfMiure 111 tne ^^.jj^^H^. destroyed. Manure should be spreti 1- i.- ^», ,.r Tun.' S(» th(^ liiiKMtse 11 niav be intend- , *, , m i r i • appbcationot imu. .ouu. hiriua ^ ^ ,^^,. ! pbmed under ivs soon as possible alter being e I ritlMT :->o act more immediately or to l,e more pei- : . * maiu at in its acti<.n-or it may be .ipplied for the j from the barn yard. . , u , 'rnoso of destroying nnwh(»h^sonie hei bage, t.f qun-k- We shall bo glad t<» have this question th(»rougtiIT enm'-- imTt vegetable matter, of generally sweetening | ,|i^^.vjj,j,ed, and therefore hope that some of our cor- Uiesml, or simply of adding to the land ^i,"^^^;;^^^^^^^^^^^^ resi>ondenth will take up the subject, whieh is indisp(^nsable to its fertility. ili«' skiltul i ^ aLmeulturistwiU modify the form ami mode of a|v plication according as it is intended to serve one or other of tlKS(^ ],urposes. Kiom the considerations already presiuited to you n '\) in re<-ard to the changes which (piiek-lime uii- der«'oes in'the air, it appears to be exi)edieiit, 1° To slake lime (piickly, and to a})i)ly it mime Plvms and tii£ Curculio. — The editor of tlii^ ps; per succeeded last year in liaving an abundance oi pluras where they had year after year previously, all dropped off. A'ials ol swe(^tened water were luuir'" the treep, and insects which ha<-aty lands— ' ^^.^^^^ •j.^.j,,.,^^,.^^^ ^.;,^plij.^i ,,f ^jj,, -^vnter and in^wt* upon such as contain much inert or generally which - -■' ^ •' - -- ^ ^ ,._.:.. .u. .,nv ajouiid in other forms of vegctabh^ matter. oo To bents and h.^atlis which it is (h^sirable to cxt'irpate, it sh.)uld be applied in the same caustic Mtate or to unwholesome subsoils which contain much iron (.suli-hate of iron), as so(m as they are turned up by the plow. In both these eases the un- p,,^,,,,,., ,,, ., j., .,,., ,,.. ,,.,.,. ,,.„ ..,......,>. .. slaked lime-dust from the kilns might be hud on with j ^|^^^.^ ^\^^^ valley.— ^rcvz-e/zi Agvicultuyist. advantage. and r(^filled w ith sweetened water during the tini" from the flowering of the trees, till the rip"iii^,? *'^ the fruit. The fruit did not all escaj>e, but the tr."'; werc^ well loailed with sound and well ript^ncl tru't although much dropped otT })reniaturely. ^^''^ trees stimd in a dark sandy loam sc^il. on a S. ^"^^^ ])osure, in ap'^ach orchard one hundred ;:nd futy*^' Is.-')!.] rOM.MT'NTCATIONS. K.^ (Tomimtnirations. C.uano. We have received the following communications on (iuano, in answer to our request for the results of ex- periments : # 1*jiii.\m:i I'M I a, Aug. 5, l^')]. IhMc SiK:-.-In your numh.r for tin. month, you | Some I sow.d ... wh,.,t u ti . ...m T" '"\ "'•■'* '^• a.k f,rt!,<. r.Milts of .xp-riments with guano. I .ill ' j^. „fr.,.,s 1 v.ri . I ! • ""' '"'^ "' ''^^ 1 ^ » 10 t i>, 1 \arie.' .,f as you see ). roper. In IMt'., I l,nugiii a barrel (about ?m lbs ) of .^ua no, part of whieh T mixod with an e.,,ial .piantityof phisfcr. nn.l sowr,l it ,,n grass inten-i..,! i;,^ j,.,*^. __ Another ,,art I sowed unmixed alongsiring ol 1S4'). As the experiments were iriv.ii in detail in the Farmt-r's Cabinet, Si^pt. No. About the half of the barrel I kept for the <.orn part of which I put on, mixed as above, and some Inr tint y.ar. I will ,lo mo n.or,. now than to mention < ' ,„„, „.,, , ' ' '" •''■"^"' '""' ■-"■"« t!ie results in a general wav. My suc'"■»' ^vith to your readers, for their consideration " " :, '^^ '^"' ''""' '"' '^''^ =^'"' ''-''■' '^' i" the u>ual It is too delicate and dangerous a manure for -en '' ^'* ' y, '"^T? "^ ''""'• '''^'' '''"'' ''''>' ^^"' ^^^^'^- eral use, for where it does no good it does mueh un<' """" , '' '" ''^' "'^ ^'^"'^'"'^ '" ^'''^ '"^^""^-'^-^ chief. Y..U might just as well exp. vt v. ^.^^-^y, ""^'^^ '^'^ '^'^^' ^^^^rc was visible as so.tn a> th. corn acti.m frnn. el...tricitv <.r gunj.owtler as fn^rthi^ ar- ' '"•''"' "^'' '"■■"' "^ '' '^''''^"' -'■•""' =^'"^ ''^"^'' J^^^'^- ti.le. The three conditions abs<.lutelv neces.arv ''''''' '^''^'''^^^ ^^'^^'^ =^"y an.und it, and sonn had the be (deserved, when devi^ming to use it, make it incor.- '^'''^ ''"'' maintainetl it -hiring its growth, being from venient h.ompl.y. unless in small .piantities. The.e i '"^ '" '''"'}''' ""'"■' ''''^^"' ^''•■^" ^'"' ^'-^ inmietbately conditions are. t.. put it iu durini^ a rain, imme.liate- ! '^'''''"''I"''^'";^' 't- I>"t the season hei,,. very favtu-abje ly aft. r a rain, orjust before a rain. If these are • '" '"'^ ''' ''^'''''^ liniestnii,. ,, littl,. ,ni.„,i ,,it|. not Mbserve.i, it will burn all before it. | '"''"' ' '"." I-retty goud .■onditiMU, the yield was nt>tso 'Hi".! the trouble of ,,nun,ling it to a powder and "'''''! *'' '^ '"''" '^'''^"^' '^' -''"''^^'- ^ ^^''^"^ "'^t, however, inixing it with niouM or p.laster, gives additional trou- ^'''''''''^''' ''"*'^'-^^' ^o weigh the corn of this, and an ^'1" ^^nd labor to the man who has no extra hands and i ''^" '''''"''"' "^ ^"^'' '^'^^^^'i^''^^^^'^ <^nd compare them, ble and labor to the man who has no extra hands, an'""-i "Mirr, meappn- I .-^ .'.. . -u. i- -k .-^v ^^^'^erln v-iir paper '.peaks of I^Htion IS superfluous, as it makes ch.Ner grow several : the backwardness .,f PennsvK-ania in a.-r^uhure feet in height, but witii u stnlV ... ..:a- , ■ ,. Ti.:. : :.,..,.. ., . .t". , . ' '"tnre.— feet in height, but with a stalk so stiff, cattle might as well chew the rails of the ft.nce. Wheattoo.it ^-11 -'w into the uir, vigt.rouslv and loftilv, but gives no proportionate amount oV ..rain. (hi the whole, I .>a,ne t.. the e,,n.du.ion that .,n -^ , .1 il m good condition, it u.,uid u..t u■^^■ l .,r •: or worn-out SOI v. if car. fnllv ,,. > • ino..;. n ! , *'""^''> niaua.;-..!. us value is inestimable. i». huNareand Marvh,,,! r.,- . . . ' '^'^Ohuel are evidence This is a mistake, the truth i< tie- other w.av. a/..] 1 have iit) hesitation in a-erting, that a-riculture as an art. is no where in this cnuntry understr.otl as well («r practiced as well ;,s in baneasfrr. ('h.-t..r. I ). la- ware, Montgomery and Ibiekv In \,.w \nvk, (jt Xew Ku-laiel. or in ->me other States, there niav be individua's who cultivate their lands nv- ^\, M or bet- ter than it is (h)ne in iho^^n eonntle^'. but n-. where vauui):,^-. - 1 1 •i.i ^B r ^i • , , . " / "oei are evi(h">nces ler rnan ic is done in tie^e eonnfie^' f.nf t,,. ,. k^ out destroying the herhage, it 18 '^ ^ -. ca^^es ^au^ , ^^^^^^.^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ U> allow the hme to_slake spontaneouslv, rather than ,,.,,to starch, romrh bran flour, tallow e^ in a covered pit. It is thus obtaimMl in an exceed- incly fine powder, which can be easily sprt>ad, and, while it is sufliciently mild to leave the tend<>r grasses imharincd, it contains a sufficient (piantity of caustic lime to produce those chemical changes in the soil on which the efi&cacy of quick-lime depends. 4°. "Where Unac is applied to the fallow, is plowed (-•rouuJ with ])otato standi, rough bran flour, tallow (>r ^'reftf|^' and ground musty bisctuits, with sometim< '^ an in-' duction of red brick-dust. Lkt it not be forgotten that the best tilled la"" is alwavs more, moist, and hvwrn drouth bettor t*'* land of' the same cpiality when poorly tilled. ;::::,T ■;'■ 1 /"■"■—■•'"'...;;:;;; "t nat ^aU„.. hut tho working, farmor of Htn.ll ^"■^"■'1 'f"lb-^rH. A. L£,>,^,, Mr. E.,TOR:--Your repeated ealls in the Farm Journal, for U.e reaults of experuncnta made in our there. Wesliall see what will bed,,„,.at Harrishur' r -Cumberlan.l. Franklin and hauphin are fine c<,un tH^s.and it not too nnxlest.mav make JVnnsvivanian« proud wf^ their State. Hut when the exinhition i>. iield at l.aiKM.Mer. Norristuwn, \. wtown, or W^.f Uiester am sati^r.d tliat the triumph and exultA tion will be immens. . I.et Pennsylvania put herself a httle more forward and bristle up a little, and vou will see several other States droop their crests if -'■^^^IW-^:'^ 164 COMMUNICATIONS fSKI'TKMHF.R, TRANSLATED FOR TIIK FARM JOURNAL. basis of indopondent logical induction, lie muy devise and ivj)])ly n<'^^' processes and improved methods of Aj;rlrultural (Minnistry. culture; procec^l lntelli,2;fntly and with (^onfiden('e in Lore's Encycloi'^:i)Ia OF Agriculture, from uhirh the composition and ap|>lication of artifi.-ial stimu- the followinc; article is traDslated, is a German serial | hints and fertilizers; may -laality himsrlf to estimate now in the course of publication at Leipzig. Twcn- ! with precision the value of soils, manures an.l j>r^ ty-six livraisons or parts have been issued, and the | ducts; and. hnally, be able to form a correct opm.on whole is to be comprised in forty, illustnti.'d with ' of the won!M>r worthlessness o! pP.iM.,>.d lunovation- wood cuts. This ].ul,lication ditfrr.., in its phtn and execution, from otluM-s of like name or similar eliar- a^ter, mainly by the arrann;ement of tln> subjects in pr;ietice, :\nubli- | scicn<-e with untiring as^Muily ; and the celchratod cation of its Class issued since agriculture ba. pro- ; llrMrnuKV Davv, in the introduction to his course perly bccume elevated to the rank of a science h< ^ ori,.,tun.. nn agnmltural chemistrv, savs:- editor (who is also the pnbli^her of an agricultural paper, and of the Year Book of agricultural progress. " Tnformatiim collected after v!»'ws nf distict in- (luirv, would ntM-essarily be mori^ accurate, and in.>r" paper, ana oi un- e.u .... . .^ . o .^ ^^ ,.,nn.M-ted with the general prln. discovery and statistics,) is aided by nunnMous cm- ^ \^;f;'};^^.^^-^. ^, j,,, ni^^ories of the results . petent assistants, among whom are practical farmers, scientific gentlemen, ])riiicii)als of farm schools, and professors in agricultural colleges. The article on agricultural chemistry prepare(l f.r this work, has been selected i'or translation, uiel.^r the impression that the manner in which the subject is treate(l fits it T>eeuliarlv for the iirst volume ,.i the Fa!.ly, | ^.^^,^^^^..^1 ,.i„.mistrv. it is impossible to (h>ny. Itisnot have not hitherto ha.i their attention turn.'d in this ■• • - " ' - " direrti(m. To such, a general view of a subject, ac- pies of .sriiMice; and a few histories of the result.^ truly ])hilosophical experiments in agricultural cIk^ inistrv. wonM be of more value in enliglit(Miing and ])enetitting the farmer, than the greatest possible ac- eumulati.in of imperfect trials, o..nrsons who agn^e in f ivor of practice and (Wperienco, to c.ndemn generally all attempts to improve a.irri- culturc bv idiilosoplu'cal iufpiiries and chemical m^ ..•..' .' 1 i' 1 , <■ ,.,1-1.1 knowledgcd by those conversant with it, to be of creat importance to husbandmen, can scarcely fail to be interesting and instructive : and will serve to pre, pare them for the profitable perusal and study of more elaborate treatises. >V . No. 1. Ai;ricultural chemistry is the application of tin, (..^nscMiiey mr mwn- »^ ^i* i^i'«-. w » {/.,.>-... ., . T^r•,n('mleR and nroccsses of chemical science to the , in the night wishes to avoid being le- gen, carlxm and azote, as if the science dep<'nu.hm> jut; ai** mcnUl improvement which the study of them imparts --can scarcely be sulliciently appre..'iated. Kelyin Wll'TH'V""^'"'' ""- O' • , . case, if he were a mere ]>hilosophical eheiin>t; ai»^ nnless he had served his apprentic^eship to the pra- tice of the art. as well as to the theorv. But th.T(M* ISol.] COMMUNICATIONS. 1H5 —can Bcarccijf u^ n.....^ -i i - . ^-, ^^^.^ ^,| ^,,,» .^j.^^ .^^ vn-oii as lo rne iricory. I'^i •■■ ■ on the ascertained and demonstrated i)rinclplcs and ^ ,.,,.vj^on to b(^lieve that lie would be a more successtu truths of these 8cien(Mvs, the agriculturist is enabled i agriculturist than a pers(»n equally uninitiated ui »'^ to i„vcs...ate, .,Ue an.l .xplain evoo" u.tural ph.- '^^^.J':::, ^^^'^1:!;,'^:^'^^^ nomenon or occurrence falling withm the province ^^ u,^,ionbtedly happens in agricultural chemical <^^ of his occupation or pursuits, and thereby not unfrc- periments, conducted after the most ndined ^beo^*'^' nucntly to refute and expb»dc anthpiated or false [ <'al views, that there are many instances ot lai ur- ^ i.- 1 • • • r ^o forone of success. This is inevitable from the ca{ viowK erroneous practices and pernicious prejudices, u^r one oi »u^^. onerat<\ vic\^s, errui y i i j ^ious and uncertain nature of the causes that opern From personal obserTation and reflection, he will be ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ impossibility of calculating on all t>f able, also, to deduce and dovelope valuable principles eumstanees that may interfere. But this is tar frojB applicable in the routine of his avocation. On the proying the inutility of such trials; one happy r<^" I which can generally Improve methods of cultivation, i.> NV(.rth the labor of a wle.h' life; and an unsuccess- ful e.\}terinent wrll Mbserv*'!, must establish Some truth or teinl to remove ^mne prejudice.'' In point of fact, also, chemistry has alr( ady ren- dered no small service to agriculture. If we regard, in the first phice, the science of vegetable pn.duction, it will be evidciil in a Ivanc.' that ch' inl>H\\ mn-i have a direct bearing on this branch of agriculture, since the gerininati<,n, gmwth, develop. Moent. and maturity cf plant- arc result^ ttf cheinl<-al procfv<,.>. It i- \'T\ certain that bv making the farmer ac.piaint ever retain the merit of having incited to renewed in- vestigations, and cf iKp.inu; hirg.'ly contributed to (devate agriculture to the rank 'An science, 'i'hough farmers may hitherto ha\(.' deri\cd no practical ben- efit from the remarkable elucidations furnislnMi by chemi-trv ef the nature of as>^imilation and growth; .'f the relatieti \\hich }iuinu< bears to plants; of the composition "f manure- in \i<\v -if tleii* efbet- ; (d the nature and eh-nient- et" rain water; of the eH'crt ut' e-vii-niu el" le'^iiniiieu^ phiiits; cf the eonditccis rcijuisite for the formation i^^ albunn'O, gluten. i\:e.; , ., , • • • 1 f ,.....,,; if r ^ and of numerous other subjects and observed ])hen(v- eil w ith lie various inorganic suh>t;iiu es re«iu)Mt'' {sting a manner thi- o . • i _ ,, , ^ 1 r • ,•/■ • I . ,,,,.^. ,.,,,1 themselves, will be of the greater interest to e\ery the best modes lor pr'paniig artuiciai nianurev, and ... , • • ', • , r 1 . iiiN ni"-i'iit r;irne'r. bee;iu-e th-'V have reiul'Teil eh-ar the propcT com]to-it :i,u au'i mixture ot sui-tatu'ev ' -^ ^ ., , r ii f ' 1 *• 1 . ; • .,. ■ 1 1,. 1.. , ;^'el I'laii! t" him nianv a ].r\\. in irecver, not unfre(pirntlv b<' aM'-, by eoiuoinatiou aid iu'luc- tion, to derive from those explanatiiui-. the nc an- ot rendering his knowledge practically u.>etul ah occa- sions occur. But, apart altogether from the ]tractical miIu" of chemistry, every thinking larin-r will be anxious to give a scientific aspect t»> his pursuits, intimately con- nected as those are with living nature; for it is sci- ence alone which confers true enjoyment in the busi- ness of ^Ife, and elevates man aba - mere dea«l ma- <▼: anic elements (ammonia, carbonic acid, and water, <'liii»''^y- the products of this process); :ind that, conseqii'iitly, no organic combinatit)n is susceptible of being brought, by the organism of plants, into the form re(piisite to enable these to seize an 1 appropriate tlie nitrogen it contains. Furthermore, sinc<^ chemistry has demon^itrated that it is ]>r.>- tf-et.- in tlu' an;- ni.il ccononi\'. ('leiiii-try may ;il-o tak'- cT' 'lit i"i' haviu"" seieiiliticall\ ihiu'ii-l rat.''l tlio truth "1 those eipitated by rain, for the benefit of distant soils, but j observations as to the comparative vahn ami the composition of various kinds id' food, which had been f in combination with such salts as chemistrv ha? 1 pointed (mt, as },oing best a^lapte,] to fix tic ammo- gaLlicrcd and ir-a-nr.'^l up Ir-ni ;1." -AiM-Zmients iinnn iM.lthu^ enable the plants to experience of tli- bro'd^r ; aiel -f has liig tir-t 'Xiil lin- ed, aii'l nrrang. 1 under -iniph- law-, the remarkal-le aid in-cparahle eoiine-tiou whiidi exi>i.> between the ap].r.pn.ae it graJuallx and without lo^<. From the f .regoing remarks it is manifest that . I < hem.stry is by no means devoid of practieal value in i: the cultivation of plants; an 1 that consequentlv this branch of agriculture may derise Immediate and highly important .lb anta^',- from the resources of tbi> seience. As regard., the pheno,,,. n;^ ,.{• , ,,.,.t:J,lo growth, chemistry has certainly furnish. d the most satisfactory explications of observed appearances of the nature of which agriculturist- hal previously very vague and obscure notions. And though all the ex- planations hitherto submitted, should not be confirm- ed by furtiier research or future discovery, she will vegetable and the :;niiual kingdoms. Though, despite of the obviou- inijoiiance of clie- misir\. anart(Mi liy J/i^bifr pursued by the advocates of science was not always and Boussingault — have sprung forth in the last few the most judicious, or tiie best calculated to make ; ycnirs, witlur and fail, or ilourish ami niaLur(3.— proselytes. It was inconsiderate and rash, for in- stance, on the part of Theory, to s«^t down her sup- positions and conjectures as undoubtj^l and undenia- ble truths, without having previously subjected them to the test of rigid exp(^rinu'nt. It was wrong, in her, to deduce general conclusions from isolated facts; an advice, he asked for what he conld not reasonably expect to rc- It is gratifying to perceive that the necessity and ad- vantage of a thorou^ih reconciliation and union ;ir--, of late, f(dt more and more by both })arties; and thai the one-sided position hitherto occupied by imiiiy practical men, as wcdl as by theorists, is gradually bcinir a]»andoned. Even now, chemistrv ?« availed of by many farmers, though they are scarcely mvare of the fact, or still rtductant to admit it. When the farmer proposes to lime his land, he takes counsel from chemistry. If he buy gypsum or ashes, analj- sis alone can assure him that the article he obtuini is genuine and pure. It h<' jmrchase guano, chemis- trv uuist be invoked to determine whether it is free from adult(M'ation and r^itains the due amount ef fer- tilizing elements: and the same is tru(^ in scarodv less degree, wlu>n bone-dust is procured for the ame ceive. In short, it was irrational to exact, what it is Horation of the soil. If the farmer would manure hi* not the proper ])ro\inee of science to furnish. IJut here, precisely, obstacles oppose th(Mns(d\('s to jiro- grcss of chemical research, wlTudi greatly enhance the difficulty of ascertaininir the tru«^ conditii)n of thinirs. or of diseoverin;' and esta])lishin<:; truth bv crucial experimcMits. The operator is not here occu- pied with ]U'ocesses purely (diemical, but must first as(MU'tain, by close and vigilant attention what varia- tions or deviations are supc^dndm'ed by the inherent vital forces of jilants and aninuils. Wo h;is not here to deal exclusively with constant magnitudes and un- changing circumstances; but. whilst s(^ekin;r to th^ monstrate the correctness of his views an^'~ZJ meadow with earth, or mix this with litter lor Iro cattle, (diemistrv a^j^ain teaches him to select with certainty that which is ])Ost suitfui to his purj)es.'.— If he design to subsoil his land, he learns from f witcduM-aft. lie was one of tie' raJif* frequently as he might desire, those crucial ex].eri- : j^.,.^ ^,, jj,,^^ ten-ilde deb,sinn which slmuld leach m ments which are .o satisfactory in their results; lait .;^ j^, „^,„., ^^^^^j..^,_, ^j,^^^ ^j^,. infhnmtial classes is ofttimes constrained to wait ])atiently months or years, for (^]tportuniti<>s whicdi enable him to arriv(» at reliable conclusions. Viewed in this aspect, it is manifestly unfair to judge of chemistrv sohdv from her achievements in the comparatively brief period that has elapsed since she began to turn her attention •erioualy to the nature of soils and the processes of rural art. It would be more just and equitable to and tlmse Mdio tak»» upon themselves to be ti aeh' rsJ ef the people, are fully liable to all the pa>-i' '''•^•*-' error that ever charaetcris(Ml the maddest mol-.— ' Clergymen, judges, statesmen, the wisest, calmest, holiest persons of their day, stood in this inner circk round about the gallows, loudest to applaud the work of blood, latest to confess themselves miserably ^^ ceived. — llatcthorne. 1851.] an^ rear a new s(>ed. Others Ixdieve that an insect pro- duces the decay. I repudiate !)<»th ot" these nctinns. and a^-'-rt from mv own observation that these- causes do not generate the disease. The first potato r^t, as JT general epidemic in this section of the cniintrv oe, curred ill IS I'J. I had a field whicdi looked \<-v\ [>ro- mising for a large crop. In August, after the crop wa^ nearly matured we had a he;i\ v rain, -iicecrded by ;t h 't sun. It was ascertain"il that the p .tatoes innue^liatt Iv cnnnneiiccd rottin:;. and wlmn llcv were dug, a large portion witc found unfit fi)r use. The ground on which this crop grew, was a clay soil, which retained the water, and prevented its rapid escape. I'uder vijuilar eirciinistanees I noticed f)r several successive year<. :i like resiiU ; but attributing it to the popular opinion that the plant had deg'>io>rated, or tliat an insect had cau^- 1 th^' deeav. and adoptinu' the belief that lime wmuM ,,!»viate tie- difficulty, I had apiece of ground jtrepar.d hist y<'ar according to tie- most approve.l method nt" preventinnlj reply is, that the potato rot is not of recent origin. — It has always existed under similar circumstances, and though {)artial in it^ operations, like causes have produced like effects. Then ai:ain our -^eason^ ftr a fi'w years pa'^t have b<>en fa\orable to the develop, ment of the diseas(>, which has caused it to becom? mori' \inivi'r>-al. 1 have IloW to SUtrtr.^^f fh,. rfneili* }\\- Tiliiitinnr the potato near the surface, up^n grouml wher" the water can easily (^scape, the rot will be axoid'-ij. T would rec. uninend the process of ridging th<' land b\ turning t\\o furrows t«\tr''ther ami plantiri;^ np'>n th ' top of the ridge. The wat'-r will tlien settle awav and prevent the (diemical action ^^llil h prodnc-s th • rot. l»y exercisi:ig care in planting and in tlm s'-h',rion of the ground. I am *^ati>-tied thi> scourge which ha^ so extensively puevailed can be avoi(le(l, AV hile talkiuLT upon the subject of ]M!taloes. I an; induec*! to advert to an experiment which I tried la.sr fall. I planted a plot about the niiddh' of \nvcniber, by making deep drilN and depositinnr about four imdies of horse manure, upon which the potato was plante*! ann's Worth. Thi>- is an important rule, for muijy a noble spirit is covered I'V hahiline nt< <>{ the w onrt kind. l>ean S\sit"t said that nature has gi\rn e\ery man a capacity of b"ing agreeable, though not of shining in company; and " there are a hundred nnm sufficiently (pialilied for both, who, by a very few faults, that they may correct in h.alf an hour, are not HO mu(di as tolerable." The world would fe more hapj>v if persons gave up more time to an intcrtaairse of f^rlendship. But money engrosses all our defer- ence; and we scarce enjoy a social hour, because we think it unjustly stolen n-om the main businesi of life. — Selected 108 COMMnNICATIONS. [Ski't r Mi'.HR l^.M.l COMMI^XirATIONS. Ifll) I i Animal Heat, «fcc, Mr. Editor: — One of the must interesting develop- ments made through recent scientific investigation is t}ie source of animal heat, hitherto regarded as one of the most inexplicable mysteries of the animal economy. How such a discovery can be brought to bear u})()n practical husbandry may be Jillii-ult to comprt'lifiid by some persons, although it can be sulj.stautiated by tlio money test, one which fw will V»n uble to roj(M't as insufficient. Dr. Play fair, wlio has recently rxamliied this sub- ject and llirowii niudi light u{)on it, obsorves, that the avt'rage toniperature of tlui ImxHcs of our catth; is about lOt^"" of Fahrenheit, whifli is S(»m" two or lhre(> degrees above that of our own bodies, a temperature much higher than the mean of our seasons, (jspeeially that of winter. But b(.t!i summer and winter the heat of the l)odies ol' umsi imimals with red ])l()od remains the same. It is evident that more heat nnist be taken oil' during the winter than in summer, and hence, as the increased rpiantity d'-mandod mu,-t come from tlie food, more of this or a eiiange in its quality, will be r* (piired to meet the e.\ig(>neies ol the season; just as more fuel must ])e put into the stjve in the coldest weather. It is a well known fact, that the proportion of food consumed is very much greater among the inhabitants of the polar circle than in the tropical region. Dr. IMayfair gives an expbina'ion of tie- jibenonv'- na connected with the origin of animal ho;it wliieh cannot fail to interest every one wlio has the l('a>t curiosity to look into causes an^l effects. " The int]," he says, "consists of those ingretlifuis rf food from which nitmcren is absent: they all contain carbon and the' elmients of wati-r. W'e know tliat oxygen is contimiallv inhale(l in tlie air we lireatlu', and that it is never again <'xpired — as su'-h. Kxpired uir <'on- eists of carbonic acid, a ga*^ comjioscd ol' carbon and oxvcfu. In th(> bo(iv, tliercforo, the oxvii^en has nni- ted with carbon; or it lau produced the rcri/ ^/ds \rhicfi is obtained by btirnhuj a piece of charcoal in the oj)' n air. Now the heat generated hy the comV»ination of the carbon in the body must l>e exactly ev fond, and, to a certain extent, fuod an e(jui\al'nt W^r shelter. Ibit in h^t weath r it is, (■\idently a great oliji'ctto provide cattle witli shadt' or sh(dter fiom the boat of the sun as they will other- wise have BO little demand for animal heat as to in- duce them to take very little food and thus the supply of fuel being dimini,-hed the elements which contri- bute fat and muscle must both be deficient and the weight fall oir. These interesting d<'ductiuiis have been practised upon, with results whieh aj)pcar cwii- llrmatorx. Tlie folfiwlng experiment was tried bj the !"arl of Hucie at \\ hitefcld i'arm. (bie hundreil sheep were folded bv tens in pens, each of which was l!l2 feet in len;rtli bv 1'^ feet in brt'adlh, and jiossessed a covereil shed attached to it ol' lli I'cet in len;i;lh bv lO in breadth. Thev \ver<:' k(>i)t in these from the lOth oi October to the bitii't' March. \\:ic\\ slice]) coiisuiikmI on an average twiity pounds of Swcedish turnips daily. Another Inindft'd were lolded in ]>ens of a similar size, l)Ut without sheds attaclied. They were kept during tiie sam^ rime, and tii' ir daily consumjttii in of turnips amount- ed to twenty-tivi; pounds each. Here the circum- stances were ])r(clsely .similar with respect to exer- cise, the only diflerence being that the tirst hundrt^l sheep had sheds into whicdi they might retire, and thus he partially protected iVom the cold. This partial protection was tlieref.re equivalent t*^ a certain amount oj" food, anle is furnislte*! bv the white ttt an e;::g. lii'nn, or fle,->li. and cast be a dry ;'.nd a >cnolcs(niic warmth. To confine sheep, as is sometimes done, over jiutrejyin;;- mass(\s of fold. shed, or farm-yard 'lung, in an atmosphere saturated with the fumes of ammonia and the gases of putre- fiction, is to substitute one (Iraw hack upon the health and coiiilurt ol llie anim:d for another, wfiieh pro- duces a greater evil Lhan c.dd. The sheep, In a -tate of nature, carefully avoids all these tliiii-- : it leaves i-t of .sti.in/i, (Jit III, .iUijdr, vcc. ivn c.vinL:- the>r fact,«i it h(MVimes a inoiicv ^piestion as in the ^alue of par- ticular kinds (d'food for the -up])ort of aiomals, whfv tlier the pr. ifir fVolil these i >, to 1 to the (.X the deep rank growing grasses of the .lamp potatoes, meat, bread, oatm-ab beans, and vari e.l fi-i.m the accnmnlatioji of fat and tl-h, or f'-'Ui t!i" other de- veh.pm'iit of muf turinp^. lU? lowland i)astures. It carefullv seeks its food and its habitation on tlii.' highest elevations, amid dry rocks and heath-pnjJuciiig soils, far away from all great masses of dec(.niposing organic matter. The dtJiue.s- tic sheep of our inclosed hinds, bv alwavs occuTninep froai his uplaiul pastures, in the clear, dry, warm climate of Asia., auh. d i; is true, Imt with the Hour of that shid co\erid to ih,; depth of many inches with a mass of pntrefying dung, and then let us ask oui>rl\cs, 'Is this the way fairl} to t^ujt the advantages of shelt. r and of Nvarmth to^Jc domestic sheei ? b thi~ ih- way to fairly try tiic (X>moniy of raising the temperature of the almosphere in which it is placed?" The noxious influences to which sheltered stock arc so often subjected and the loss sustained there- from, have been alrea.ly ref-^rrd to In an article fur- mshed by us in the first nend.r of ,h,. Fan,, .Journal," oti - The importance of Ventilation, Cleanliness ami Dranunj, Jor the preservation of the Health of Do- mestic Annnalsr Mr. George Dobits, the author of a most valuable prize - essay on fattening cattle," published in tlie Royal Agrictdtural Soeiotv of Kncr- land. remarks, that cleanliness, warmth, and quiet arc the gn^at points to be insisted upon, coupled of eoorse with good feeding. Ho makes no mention of free ventilation or the necessity for an ample supply ^ ^'•-^b air, which we regard as an important omis- won. As immetHatoly connect<^d with this subject those Bufficiently interested would do well to consult the other kinds of food necessary to produce one pound of flesh, and the money-cost of its production, as well as the value of \arions kinds of fbo ill oj. rati'11. Wyo- ming', bike and Mo;ir,,e will not be long in f.lloNsing the example. The importance of local societies in connecti\ur.: nc n have pressed into the profes- sions and into m rcantdc pur.-ult.-, who \\oaiM__have been much more useful and prosperous in tlie pur- suit of agricultural science. One of the blessed ef- fects of these organizations is to correct this error by giving the young farmer a just estimate of the honor- able character of his profession. They have also furnished a stimulus to higher*ef- fort. This is an exciting influence in tlie competition 170 r()MMr\\i(\A'ri()\s, rSrpTf.MnFR 1S.'>1.] COMMCXirATIONS. 171 r.-^^imr.anmmtnimm introduced by these inRtitutions, productive of most salutary efFocta upon the fsirnilnnr interests. The scimcc of a}];riculture has hccn too mmh nopj- lected in Pennsylvania. AV'liile every oiIut Ijraiich of national industry has been excited ])y j)ro^ressive discovery and improvement many farniers }ia\o been content to trudge on in the old })eaton patli uiiniiiid- ful of the improvements made and makiii<:; in tli-'ir ov^rn dopartment. They have seemed to think and act upon tiie supposition that tlierc was to be no alle- viation of llie prlm(H"al curse and that "the sweat of the lirow'' alon(; was to ju'oducf; the bread whieh tfiey eat. But a bri;;hter day is dawnin the character and constitution of eatUe, sh.>ep and swine, and to perpetuate the good work. The k)ng wooled sheep of certain districts in Kng- hind, have obtained great \N(Mght of eareass and of fleece ; weighing fr-.m 10 to (]'> Ihs. per (piarter, and producing from lO to 18 lbs. of wool each. See Youatt on Sheep, p. 332. The South Downs liavo also been bred to great weight of carcass and wool, the latter of medium quality and well suited for general purposes. They are hardy and thrifty animals. A eri- > with ih- hmdvs of either of the above breeds on good connnon ur na- tive ewes, produces valuable stock, worth at hnist one- tliird to onedialf more than the native kind, either for mutton or wool. Farmers in the interior would find it greatly to their advantage to use such bucks. They may be raised with great profit also on rich and dry-lands within a reasonable distance of large cities, on account of the rrreat value r,f their mutton and wool, and the constant demiind^^therefor. Many persons over feed tht^ir higli bred sheep. causing them to IxM'ome too fat, whieh ! consider a useless waste of food, as sutdi meat can only be eaten by few j>ersons. The Stnith Downs are th(»ught to pro- duce the finest mutton that we have in the Pliiladol- j>hia mark<'t, having more Ihvsh in }>rop(irtion to the fat, and that better mixed than any of the larm? breeds of sheep, and had they the mountain rari;^- of pastures, their flesh ^V()uld perhai)s be as ihlieatf' and high flavored as that of any of th(> small hr^ ods. I am glad to see that many farun^rs are turning their attc^ntion to the improvement of their floek<. an} wcvo they not constantly subjected to the risk iind danger of their sheep being destroyed by worth- less and useless dogs many more flocks would hek'^pt. 'J'his r blood, bred by Mr. Pasidiall Morris, of ('h(\st(^r county, the othrr two were (\itswold and Leicester, with one-foin-tl! - iith down, l)red by Mr. dohn Worth, dr., al^o of (Ticster county, from a pure bred (^^otswold buck that I ob- tained fromd. M. >bdntyre, Es(p, of N. York, in I'^i'), and sold to him in lsli», with some ew<^s of thj^ ^am*' breed. Tiic wether bred by Mr. Morris wa^ al"*' sired by Mr. Worth's Cotswold buck. The buck and one of the ew^es had taken the highf\st prizes otiVnd for long wooleil sh(>ep at the State Fair lieM at Al- 1 bany anurchascd hy mc of Mr. Clavton V>. Hey- bi)ld. of Delaware, two years old the last spring, brjd from his import^< lo he no difficulty, from ihi^ I5ee .^lotli. Mr. EniTOR-.^ln a late number of the Kiciistadt '' Jiininizeifunr/," Dr. .Mef.M states that, in the ^um- ' source, in prosecuting be-i-culturo with success and m^r of 1850, he place (dia!ige(l to a yellowish brown, I bec<)ni(' destructi\e lere, if nature ha\e not pi- i\ ;d"d jiiid tlie insect perisiied soon after. On o[)ening it, some s))ecial means of limiting its incrca>Je and thui for examination, he was sui-prised to find its bo:e, in order to ascertain the partit'ular species to thoui^h it is po>>;sible that we have not tic iM'netit of whieh they hidonged: but, being calle.l from home, its services in thi< western hemisphere. I !i" lUiitt'T he f.Miiid the whole drie'{" our entoundogists. if tle-.r ;irrenrion u« w-rni and avoide(l doing it furtlier injury, 'fhis was to him a serious disap[)ointnn'nt ; f"or having thn^ ac- he turu'd thereto, m;iv be ahle to a-^e^rtain. v.hethcr the supposed ichneumon fly is to he found here; or cidentaiiv (n^covcreii, a^ ne l>eiieve(i, that a natural vNoeni.T uie an(i»b>h' has faibnl to accompany ta« enemy and destroyer of the In'c-moth exists, he was ''""" i" '^"^ tr.ui-irion to this country. very desirous of procurin;; the insect in its perfect It ha- been r'Tuarked that \"ry I'w mt!;-> ha^e state, tliat its proper oi-vorkers it has a natural enemy, doigned to ke.p it in urah!.' /i/'///.v fur the c-o;^ of the parasite, and one, f-r ahund.a'c f fora'^'\ and weather ta^'rable nrc.dudin'4 it^ simultaneous introduetion here. Tiiis : f-r it> eoihc i, n. 'jdie ( .dls are th'U stored \sith ina\ also he (tue (or the (diiefi rea.xai wliy the bee- ! honey, ;i> rapidly a- tie- early bro^d emerge: and moth IS so nuhdi more d'-Mructive in this country, , unless an eke be gi\en to tlie hi\c. in xJiL ii icw from the stre!ij:th and pre-. nt itidu-try ot this sto-U, 1 d'aihr wIieth'T a -in-l-' larv;c e!ud' d t Icir vigilance., or ^vas allowcuilt, the quc«!n will llnt of t'le hive increases rajudly, hive is used. In tic the v.dnncs of the - /i>rnrnzei- tunj)ears to have ai. aversinn t<> the (»(h»r of tliat plant — whicdi is said to he of like etficacy in cxp, LiniKnis. Cni*'us ars eii- ftis, Pm;ili, (this name is adopt. m1 hv iiionI nld Anieri- C4in botanists.) J5reea ar\rti-'is, L'ssin;/. It is evidently not a Cnicus, for the margiiud flow- ers arc not tuutral, the puppus is plumose, and tin? 8<)eds arc not ribbed I The name of Scopoli, therefore, takes precedence, because this jHant is a true V\r- eium; a ^I'uus established bv T"iin! 'Inrt ahait l'")Sl, and whicdi now contain^ muc huinlreil and sixty spe- cies. Torry and Gray describe nineteen sp was a reputed renedv. and (nrmse slL:;nilies ^rowinir in a li"M. It h; l(iii;:;s ti» the 1*.)/// cJas.K i S>//i>/' nesi'f,) and the Ist order (.1v[u;ilis,) ui'ihe Artificial System of Linnneus. To order Composltcv, tribe Cardiii, in the Natural System of Adamson, — but tribe Cynaria, in the Flora of North America. Tiiis species is a native of Kurope and Asia, and was introduced into the New Englaml State in 'MiniMihy seed," ajid i> the most detestable? weed that ever invadtnl the fai ni. The stem grows to from one to tlnec IcrL hi^h, "•'J^t, and marked with longitudinal lines, irre<;nlarly nranched from nearly to the base; branches slen- der and covered with a sort td' 1o(i-m mo. 1. TI;' leaves are som"tin».'^ a litthMvoolly nn tlie lower side, they are scalloped and toothed, (>a, h tooth terminated with a spine, they clasp th(» stem and are slitrhtlv continued down it. The branches are terminated with egg-shaped heads from one-fourth to two-thirds of an inch in diameter, with rose purple flowers, the filamaUs of which are smooth. The leaves around the head [involucre) are oblong ovoid, scarcely termi- I'cw hairs on the ('d;f('s. The HC(als are slightly four cornered, with the hairs on the crown branched, or plumose, so that when they are matured, they float through the air and disseminate tin lusidves far and wid(\ The roots are extrem(dy creeping, ;ind produce ad- ventitious buds whi(di tlirow up stems in all direc- tions. To con\ey an idea of tln^ir teiiarity ot" litl', I will copy a short artitdc pul dished l»y the llaiii Aj^ri- cultural Society : "April 1st, 177S. I ]danted in a garden a niece of the root ot" this thistle, about tin; size (d" a goone (piill and twoinchc's long, with a small head of" Imvos (ait (df from tlie main root, just iis it wa< .^priuLiMng of the irronnd, Bv tlie !2d of November tollnw- oi ing, this small r(>ot Innl thrown out shoots, scvrral (d' which had extended theinseh -s to the ili>taiiro uf (dght i'ccit — some had even throv/n up le;ivo.^ Ww feet from the oritiina! root. Most of the shoots, which had thus far extendo.l theinsidv fs, were about !ily eradicated, by lu'reiy prevcnt- iiii;- them IVom going to seed. Ibit the Canada this^- tle not only p!"o]>agates itself by its si>c(ls but hy il8 roots. Ahhough it is genorally r<\i:arde(l as ^vrennial, the slight ae(pia!nt;inc(> 1 have had witli it. indiicoa me to rctrard it a-; a bit imial. The st(an and h';i\'' die down to tlie ground the second season, iiu' •- seems to provide itself wdth U'^w ro(»ts wiiich produce new plants, tlie--o in turn liNc onlv two years. Ih'' only means to destroy it, is to prevent it froiu jti'" dueinji; leaves, for as soon ns the Icav xpan d, the roots must strike oil" and produce new plants. Many other plants lia\e been mistaken for the Canada thistle, 1 saw a.n account somewhere of an ordinance beiuir i)assed bv some citv airainst the Canada tlii^tle. whirh jtroved to b- the Xanthium spinosum, '" tlnaaiy cloldjur." vSonc ^poeies of the Centaurea, Onopordon, Carlina and the different thi^ ties have been mistaken f ^r it, ]»nrtieularly the Ca^ (]uns horridtdum, or "y(ll.»w thi-tle," but the floW- lU's of this are v•d^.^v. and (d'ten near iw^^ imdies ID diameter, d'his tliisth* may be distinguished by its small heads, crispecipes of such a value, that attention, and he kept from pro a f '-tili/Pr. ^!h.u!d he spread upon a lim-st ■ s-.ilin lo the acre havo 1 n '^ - , . though: to be the ri-hi 'piantity f)r the former, and twentv-five or ih'rty fa- iho latt'a-. '■ In the n-rlhorn ami oa-t-iai parts of Lancaster countv, there arc sa.ndstone ridg«'s, \Nlier.- lime ope- j rates with magical (dVeet. Twenty or thirty laidrN ]>roduce an (d)viou^ impn»vement in wlcat'^ver crops it is applied to: but experiment.^ hav" sin-w n, thai , [he product td' the skill of a worthy member of the connnunitv w-uld he of too high a price tube i)rupor- tit^yuate, and too (..-neroU-T lo the donors. But I think I could go to work upon a case (d" dis- ease, (should 1 be so unfortunate as to have to do so,) wiih more confidence in th ■ ni in- \' • r.' these more satisfactorily pr. .\. n to he infallible. Tic h.rn f ol d. S. li. is olth-r fixed upon a single tri.il. as presious to thl> ea-f. he says, ** every r.in.'dy of which 1 liad e\.'r hoard, v>a>tia'd \-. ;ili tie :ii. lait without succcss"--or h" mU'-t havo nm do his conclu- >i.-ns (d' infallihilitv of roiiio]\ tr'an lie- ccrtaintv of ril"ets lidlow ing cau>ev, and a konw hMJu^i^ of th' na- ture (d' the atf'Ction. a- w-dl a- iht' i/todud up, rawH ol t he nii-di»'ino«;, d hat thl> i'^ the cause of hi- c ntideiu-e we are led to l»»dic\c, parih, fn a.-i ilie ja^hdiitiou id water, siiow- iu"" investigalii n ■ t' the coniplaint by nm-rring sidenco. ^\ e i.uLve tried poke-root al-'ne, and have l>e<>n a><- the benefit incn^ases in proportion to the (piani'.ty, to ^,j,. .,| jj,.^, -^ p.^^ ^-ured, bv thos,. wh(,)se voracitv we the extent t" iho acre. A farmer, in order to test the eflect, nnai-urod off accurately a -piare perch, in his ji"] 1, an 1 -pr^ad over this p?reh exactly one bushel of lime, whi(di was waild not (piestiou — hut the results are .»nly an (x>- ra-i^nal ( ur" at best — and \\ > would sugd and sixty bushels to the , K^.^^t— seeing no one case is suffiident to establish a acre. The crop grown upon it, cin.pariii wiin the rest of the field, -ati-fi'd him that no p!U-tion oi" tin; inne wa- u-"less. ddie ^rnthinan fVoin whom this information i- d'Tivi'd. i-emarked that, fV'Un what he liad (disrr\n ;in a^re woidd i'c more (dlicacdous than any smaller iiouhl be known, so ar. tu l"J r'nenihif''!, at !■• ist, wit') e;ratitude. ^\ .' wish to hear again from d. S. Ih desiring a n)or>' i'ull expositi-.n of the nature of tll;'^ ma'ad;. call- that extent. Lanaistcr, Anrjiisi, \^^)\ H. Murrain. Me. Kditor. — Having had many a loss from that niost fatal disease, called murrain ; it was with no Hnudl gratification that I (d)served in the August nunih.r of your valuahh' ])a]>er. that by the skill of a momher of the family of J. H. S., of Fruit Hill, a cure has been discovered. The interests of the farming community will be much enhanced by this sine qua lum to tin* saletv of herds — parti, ularly should it prove, as d. S. U. be- lieves, an infallilde r<'medy. U.dioving it well w.-rth the attention of agri(adtural socioticH, I would sug- ge-,t that awards suitable to the imjH)rtancc of the 04'ca^ion shovdd be given for discov(«rie« of value to tlic faruirr and horticulturist, \^y ,^^^ v^^.^^^^ Societv. nnd inasnmch as the hcTiefits are bkely to be -..neral would not this he the proper awarder? in "ther Words, that the i .. • t x \<< t,.-i »- '-' ' ^^.,1 murrain; as nuich ignorance pre%a i- a^ to it^ n:v proportio!! to the amount of linu) applied, at h-a^t to ' ' J I ' tiif,. ,,r Its eau8(». " An ounce of preventive Is better than a jtound of I'ure," and if we ci.uld have some in->i::ht into the complaint, we ndght have a preventive that would be worth more than a cure. C II. L. I^n.'^e Vale, lierks ro., Au>j. V2, iSol. P. S. Sin<'e, upon conversing with «:ome brother farmer^, one ^ugL'est^ that this is the id aitical cur^ used Nery eff«-ctually in the neighlH)rhood wdv^re he formerlv resided, if this be so. it may n-.t ^t:!l d«^ tract from the merit of the worthy mem' er, seeing the r<'nn'dv has never been heanl (d' tli-re ; and leaice the credit due to investigation and discovery, still Ix- l.uo's to our eorrespondont's family- and infalli' .lity the more eff(H-tually .Mtahll^hcd. C. h II. SoRKEi- is ji perennial, and priders a poor soil. — Plowim: wdule m blossom will destroy it, and liming and def^p plowing will pr.went it'^ growth, ddi •>.air ttiste in the weod is caused by the hinoxaiate "t p- the cucumber bug; though 1 am not so sure fif\y kucst, but he who uttered the first doubt. 174 COMMirNlCATIONS, [Sev 'TFMHPR, 1S.>1.| AKHOlUrrLTUilAI., i 75 Progress iu Farininj^. It is not known to many avIio biivc been accustom- ed to hoar of the fertility of Lancaster ((.nnty, that crops. The scllinj; vahie ol" real ostato, lias advanoci in a siinihir ratio; and this isanatin-al rosult. This hill country ahouiidinu; in Npriii(i;s ((f the purest wa- there is a consideraWe portion of Iwr l.n.ad^vcres, 1 ^•'^-^'''' <=^'^'''"'^ ^0' ^^^-^^% ^^'^'^^^^^ i'"^ '^^^^ which is a thin, poor soil Standln- upon one of th.^ I ^'^l^^^-nous ,n llio world: and since it is ascertainod, eminences, in or near the citv, yon will Ixdiold, ixt^^'"'^ ^'^''^ <-^'"^ h' I""!"''' <»ltivatIon raise as ^^ood tlic distance often or fifteen miles, a girdle of moun- tainous elevations, which seem to enc<»mp:i>s you whichever way yon turn. Tln^so are 1 train lies ol' Uie South Mountain, aud ciul.racc, within our ]>nrd ers crops hcr(\ as in the ncij^hhorin;^ valleys, the niotivp' and the desir<; to emi^^rate have ceased. Tracts aro divid('(l t(» acconituodate the nuiltiph int!; ])opulutl(jn a, process, liy the )iy, which is nnndi extcud...!— so ^ s, the Conewa-o, Chesnut, Turkey, Martic, Octora- 1 ^^''^^ ^^''' ^''™'' <»^ Lancast(>r c(Minty will hanily avor- ra,'aiid Min- Hills, the Welsh Mountains and Mount '^'n^' '^^^ ^^'^' present time, one hundred acres cad,. Hope: and descend with various ^rad(>s to th(^ lime- Amon^r the mineral resources of our county, tli<-r^ stone valleys and plains. Avlu.se extent an. i fertility ^^ '*^'^' ^^'^^''^^ value, I think, is not fully appr.M-i,,t-! hi^ve conlril.utedso niurli to the fame of Lancaster | —^ ^^^''^^^^ ^^»^' '''''/'^•^■^"/'''- ^t is a UK.st important fer- county; for l.ein<; ori-:inally productive, they soon tdizer. It has already trebled the worth (.f many a enriched their first propi-ietors. Hut the hills and farm, and will ultimat(dy double the j)roducti\ ca- mou ntains, with a thin, <;ravrlly surfare, and a P'^^'i^V of every cultivable aero within our bonlcrs. grud;:;ln;j; soil, poorly rewarded tlu^ labor ])ostowed on them; and it cost the hardy iiduibltants a severe stru^'irle, to enay>le them, wiiii me siri.iesi econoniv, to rear their families and hold tluir own. Manv of Auf/usf ir>, l.Sf)! A. L. II A V F.S. Mr. KniToii: — Is not your Fruit Hill correspond- ent too sanguine in pronouncing a renuMly inf;illil)k' them, hopeless of betterint; their situations in the j ^^.^^^^ j^^ ^.^^^^.^.^^ j^^ .^ ^-^^^^^ ^.^^^, , ^^^^^^^ ^ j^^^^^^ .^^ neigh])orhoods in which they wen> born, enn^^rated ^y^^Yrrrni sections of the countrv are calle.l p.k.weed. to the far west. Few are aware ol the great dram j,,,,^ ,^,. ^,^^.^^^^ ^,^^. Plivtolaccadecandra of botanists?* of population, which Lancaster county has sulfered j,, ^j^,. ^^^^^^ rei.-re.l to this is said to be actively from this cause. The last fifteen or twenty years have, however, produced a ^rratit'vln;:; cdiange. It commenced with piaistcr ()f Paris, whiidi was f)und to have a marvellous effect upon the grass and grain. enu'tic. W hat is intended t(» l;e its mode of o]'"ratini' in d. S. B.'s case? What are the cause and Dunir'' of the disease? Without this know ledge our ]»re>('ri|i- tions nuist be entircdy enijiyrical. Is it not anahi^jui^ clothing the almost barren tiehls on these hill sides to dvsenterv in tlie human svstem? If so. tlca all with luxuriant vegetation. the 'jHitJn/a and ^ Urn's from alio to rJirvnoih'rmid Farmers began to discover, that it was better to ' have failed to find a remedy //(ya//i6/c' however "strict- confine their lal-ors to so nuudi land as they could ly adhertnl t(».'' prepar(> for their cr(»]>s by a propter aj)plication of | It is not intended to find fault with yourcitrp^- nuinure, than )>y a Nain eflbrt to increase their profits ' pondent, but with yours(df. Would it not b<' Nvdl. by ext'Midiiig the area of their culture to the utmost. , Ibr the acknowledged scientific editor, to add a n"t'' After usinsi nlaister for a few vears, tln^v i)erceived of connn(>nt upon artin lays an e;rg every day — ]>erhaps the cock lay^ ama/ang to see the inipr(»t"ement of this billy region Instead of the sterile fields marked with a sparse irrowth of stunted grass and brambles, and the mi- two (too) — it would amttunt to one hundred and (ML'Ii- ty. Now to make this mnnber, tln^ ten would r-'inii'' to jiroduce right^'en ea(di in the year. If th*' bov. I^- crablo wooden tenem-;nts and rickety fences, ^^hlell , A. !». will designate th.' variety so extraordiniry h'' were formerly the disagreeable features presented to : will benefit us farmers by enabling us to avoid tli« ni view, you nn-^v Itehold comfortable brick or stone man- sions and good baiik barns, in due season widl filled J. K. K. Chester eoiinty, Autjusf 15, IS,')!, the fields neatly enc,U)Ked and teeming with tln^ rich | f-^^ the ]>articular kind of pc^keweed used by -b products of agriculture, and orchards ladtMi with i ^S. H. was not communicate(l to us, wo, of c«iurs* fruit. Taking whole neighborhoods togc^ther, we are I cannot answer d. K. E.'s incpiiry, but hope utir Kruit informed that the yield of grain has been increased, by improved cultivation, five fold; and \Nhere no grass was formerly grown, they have now abundant Hill correspondent will. In regard to the Shanghao chickens, wu a^jsurc J * V\ Cr«tr p 283 Apricultura Dot. p. 147. r 9'.rmtk v<. K. K. that the eitravagunt statement -I' the Kev. S. A. Ibirjjstead, surprised us, as mu(di as it did him, nii'i we •'-ave it a jdac*^ in the' .bMirnab only because we could '"'t with pro[trl'tT d(Mjbt tie* veracity of the rovcrend gentleman, particularly \n hen endorsed by another; (th'' author of tiie work from whieh th(; ex- tract wasnnide.) We have written to Mr. Bumstead, and hope to receive a reply which will satisfy our correspondent. — Kn.] The Arboretum. Mu. KniToK:— In looking over the two last num- j l)er- 't !he I'arm Journal, I received nuich pleasure from !•■ .idiii;: th(; a[»propriate remarks of your lady ^ correspi.ndeiit-;, wdiiidi I hope will be continued, and i inihi' •• I'lh'T ladies to communicate with your valua- • all]'' jMTiodi' al. 'flu; iu\(' ol" the beautiful is a prominent trait in | woinari'- eliaracter, and is worthy of the most assi(Iu- i uus eulii\;iii'in, :lk a ne-ans (»f enjoynu'nt. Aside from mural arel patriotic motives, I know nothing more likely to developc this trait than flowers and rural scenery. 1 theref -n; append a list u{ hardy flowering .-iiruo^, chiefly exotic, of early culture and dilaptcd to the embelli'-hmcnt of '* home, sweet home," hoping to continue it monthly, and occa>i<»nally planting a few beautiful trees a/id \i!ie^, am-ng the shrubl>ery just to fill up the outlines. Wicijthi Jiosca. — This truly ];eautiful shrub is ncnv to most of vour readers. It is of rcicent introduction into this Country, iia\ ing been sent to Kurojie ivuin the north of China, by Mr. F(»rtune, during his re- cent botanical tour through tiiat country. It pro- ducers In prifuvion. clusters ut" di-iicate ros^-^colore*! flowers, of a tubular fi»rm ; it is (piite hardy iu all thr miiih' Slates, and is a splendid addition to the | shrul^ln'ry. Synr^f }>ninif(>Jia phu". — This uniipie shrub was h""id in ih. .Japanese ganiens, and introducer. Si. 'bold, it ha- a m..-t graceful app-'arauce when in flower, aini ;::-.. ws to tie- h"ight of about eight feet. Thc^ | flowers are pure \Nhite, not larger than a dollar pdd i piece, and pn-JWthj ciuuhjr. 'Yho petals (4' the I', an .ts are very numerous and beautifully imbricated. The tlow.r r.>en..b]es in miniature a d.^role ranunculus. It is beyond dn.il.t the hamb[' the tree is pendant and compact, and from the glaucous coloring of tin Ieavc< presents a silvery hue, contrasting beautifully with (un- dirk- leaved evergreen^. It is (juite hardy. We cannot , perceive that thi-^ tree bears any r -. mblance to the Cedar of Ltd)anon, as ha^ been asserteii. In e(>nse- quence of its recent introduction into this (M:)untrv all the specimens are small. Jamk.-^ 1). Fui.to.n. ridlailelpfi in, A H;/usf, I S ,') 1 . Mortality amonj^ the Poultry. Mr. Kditok: — For the past few mtrntliN there has been a very great mortality anion--t tie poultry in this county; so great as to destroy nior.> than tW(j- thirds that have been brought into exi-renc tiiis summiT. Failing in my attempts to div,-,,v-r the cause of this vast havoc, I have embraced this moth; and opportunity of awaking up some in!(M',i^-. nt in- formation u]ton tin' subject, and lijuASsible arrest th'> dise'\sc that is prev ailing amongst tlein. .\n iiiirjii- gent and })ractioal farmer within a mile <»r tvv.> of this plac'' has just informed me that owt of ,,no Jiundred youuL; chickens he has lost ei;;ht v-li\ ■ !)V thiv pi, a ail. ing tluaigh unknown disease. Our j.oultrv v.h- n hat(died I(;ok exc lin:j:ly wc|]. uTitil they are ai>out fiair to six vveeks old, when they begin to droop and hang their heads; refusing all kinds of fiiod antantaneously. 'fheoid'. j 'r'* ptibl*^ chang'' that can be obsi rsed witli regard to color, Is about the head, which is a vi ry de.'j, purph,', and when that change does tak(^ place, I find it utterly im]^nssible for tlieni to recoyer. Whin 1 lirst discov- • r.d that tfiey wore dying so rapid! v 1 was con:|i''llcd to think the difficulty lay in the kind of f „,(] j ^as.. them, but I changed their food St'Vt?ral tinn---. an(l I find that su(di is not the case, ('an anv ol" vour sub- scribers acc(Hint fi>r this singular, though destructive disease, and a remedy for the same? \'ery truly yours, J.so. 1*. T \(;', art. Jil'>u^isltir<;, Af/ij. lo, 1>')1. Hots in Horst'M. Mk. LmroK: All knov, . i>«rha]>>, that thi-i diseas*' is caused by worm-; in the stomach. "W'fien tlie worms begin to e.it i]i«> stomach, it causes great di- tre>s, and the animal will lie down and roj] in au-nri\, and if relief i^ not (d-tained, tii" worm-; oat throujfh ill a -I) irt tim ', arid tlie horse inevitaldv dies. A few days since a fin<* horse wxs Ivin;r in our street, the (»wner exceedingly frighton','d not knowing ^^hat to do. (_)ne of our ne!'_rhbor« saw th" aTiipril. and liis dis- tress, and that (d his master, and pratir ami a 'juantity o{' drv sail. le pour"(l the -alt and Nsat' r upon thf >!;iall of h'.f back, ami }"if th»^ salt in his month, .in i in a few moments the h< r.^e was ]>erf.vtly restored. As soon as he swallo\veK mmf^wMm:'/^'^' ■ '«"",; J ■ , '- "T • ^fe^^^^^^^^^^^^. ' ;\j !, , . lwWB^^H^^I^^^si£b''&-«j>i« v«i,b '.-■"iff.- . , ii'j^f -r.t?! ■ ' ' ' ■■ '''?■* 176 THE HACKNEY. [Septembkr, V m£Li.mL-L i i mUtr'ti rnt — "" — " ,^.^....^-~~-.~;^..-^..>^>,-. ^<^'^l T[TE TTArKNEV. 1 t t THE HACKNEY. Undor this t<^rm arc roniprisod tho tollowinc;: — the cover hack, the park hack, tlic hnW^ horHO, the road- st^T. tli(' (M.h, the jj^aUoway, and i\w ponej. The difihuky oi" procuring really ^nod hackn is ad- mitted hy all pcrKcuH who have kept thera for the va- rious piirp(jseH of either hnsineas or pleasure and for the folhnvin^ ohvious reafions,— that very few pe<^ple try to brec)l(l walk, however, with the head m proper place, ises^ential to a horse that has to carry a woman ; and his action should be very true, that \^ he should not ''dish," or throw his legs outward. »« the term is, in any of his paces, or he will cover tfi lower garments of his rider with mud when the roaa> are wet and dirty. To provide againat the latter ^ convenience, however, all horaea intondod for w^ fi ptirpose, should not be much under fifteen hands and a half in height, wiiich size corresponds with the lengtiiened drapery of a lady's riding c anil a half is the proper heiglit. Jli^ stPnglh imi-t also be thus calculated, for a light man does ii.t rid^ {.j.-a- santly on a horse equal to double his weiuiit. iJor a road hackney should have strenglli of >houhhr, with a round barrel, but not a large carcass, which on!v wears out his h-gs. His constitution and feeding can only be proved upon trial; but tleie arc certaiis in- dices, such as deep ribs, brown color, hardy muscle, itc, whieh very rarely deceive us. As to the neces- sity of well-|)laced hinderdegs, it is most clearly sh*.wn by the answer given to the following (juestion: If a horse make a serious blunder forward, and the centre of gravity of his body f\ill Ix-yond the pillars of support, and is for a nioin'Mit los't, what resfopw the eipiilibrlum? K it ni^-P'Iy th.- rhiid. iin^h^r the chin ti» an animal ..f liis luilk and wri-lit, and that ''chuck" given perhaps by the weak, p.w.rh-v Nvrist of a feeblo old man, or d' licate youn^- la tho ^n-nund; and if he did not do so, there ^^ouId h.' n ,ua] Minonrt f-r the hody, during tie- susjun^mn of tlie rniv-lr-r in tho air nor could the bo.iy ).■ mov.-l forwards, lunil tho hind- er-leg iKi.l, by ^luittu.g its station, tak.i. a n.w p..int (d support. SoMiig, then, that in the walk, a^ in all other paeoH, the eentre of gravity In the hnrs« is maintained as w.dl as the body pn>pelled, by the ae- on of he hinderdegs, the greatest attention should be naid to the po*.it,on and action of t],.ni in the vl w th^^^^^^ bon,^vh,.n he is .xhibitod t.M.ur for f \ ? : "'f' !'" Innd. r-foot oversteps the S be ^ l''"^J;^rdeg.s cannot do; anp(.r- tioned to the height of their action: but, alth(»ugh we do not advocate such exiremes, there are thou- sands of instances of horses goinir yery near to the ground, and never making a trip. It is, however, a well-establi>h.d fact, that if lie- I'.rm of a horse's shoulder, and the conse(iuent position «d'th" fore-leg, enablr him t.. i.iit 1i:> t'.'ot i.. th.- -roiui'l. Hat, \s!;li th<' h'M.l \s..l| (l-wii. ];i> litiin.: tin lii> fo,,f lii-h. i- n-t a; all ri''C">sary ;,wie r-av ,,n ihc ot h-'r haii!. if, hv a!:v improp.-r po^itioTi of th" h'_^, i<-ninu' ont <<( a >hort, upright, ill-fi.niiMl -liMnhha-, t' -• t-n- tuuclic. the ground tirUf!i a le-i-s.- niay lift up his leg in aiiv of h:^ paces, h- will always bo dangerous t* ri.i.'.— PloH'jIi^ Lao Hi d" J ill- a. Hiving IlccK. j;\ Mi;-. L. (,;. ahkij.. tollable and useful facts, and Iiints, will make the Farm Journal the indispensable coiniiani.ai ..f tht.' agrirultiiri-t. an! il'n.it alr.Mdy known to your read- ers, th" following recent inri.hi.r may be useful. I threw open my blinds a few days since and raised a window, to inhale the pure air anxt d.M' th(»y eamt' out .igain, and a man who know ^Mia<'t!iing of lu'.'s, was S(ai( t<> hi\ e them. lie .-alh-d f<'r ;i hin^r wooh'u storking, aiei drrw it on to thr ••m] nf a p«d>», and plac d it wIpt-' the 1 v^ ^faned th:rk--t n-'ar a tree, a^ if tli- y had srU-clcd it a^^ a pla<"<' wleTe to liirht. II • h -Id it a few ni.eM,ait-, an^l the stoekin was very soon covered completely wli'n \]v \, S,,],. swarm. A table had been spread with a white cloth and a hive all r-M^ly. lb' laid hi> poj • ,,r raihrr stocking ot b»'r>^ up'in th" table, ;in(l th'Ti jaif th" hive over, while he eareiully drew out the pole. In an hour or two the bees were all in tlie hive, and placed in t.he bee house — an*! in a short time more, they were at work furnishing tie ir ii'".s home. ^\'!iil" tIm'v were Uft'.n till' tabh' iliey "cleaned house" an^l di>lo(l"'(M.l every partiele of (In-t and nM matter adheriu" !• • :h"ir new abode. In two days more another s\\a\m tamo out iS.rn the old hive, and in the same manner the son and ie- males of the family secured, in this simple and ea«y way, another fine swarm. The ladies told me as I watched their movements, they could now do it any time alone. ^ 178 nOllTIClILTURAL. [Sr.rTKMHjiir 1851.J fTOKTICU[/^(TF^^L. 17^ i^ortUuUural Prpavtmcnt. -J Dwarf Pear Trees. Bcin--- disappoiiitod in tho hopo that somo moro nMe pen would have come to the rescue of the dwarf pear trecy, and in re[)ly to my friend Dr. Kshleman, . in last month's number of th(> Journal, I venture a i Th.^ quince is not injured ])y deep planting; likp -thcr a grower that it h almost exclusively ubcd })y nur- Berymen. We importi^d, last year, seven liiousind HtalkM of it for this purpose, some (^f which have p^ar shoots on them four to five feet, the g;rowtli ..{" ti,;,, season. The Portu)j;al ({uincu! is also a fn^-e <;r<)wer, but does not strike readilj^' from euttinjjjs. It i.-^.iuite distinct from either the orange .'ihaped, l^oth in the fruit and (growth. Its leaves are l)roader, lar«r(>rand more downy. It has no ad vanta;:;e whatever over the Anger's variety, as a stalk for the pear, even if iti high price were not an objection. Another difficulty sometimes occurs with dwarf pears in the quince borer. This insect works at tho surface of the ground, and his attacks may easily W avoided, by planting the tree so deep as to cover thr point of union. This rule should always be observed. few remarks, in the belief tiiat this mode of propa gating the pear, is a valuable acquisition to the fruit grower, and that it is rapidly coming into general use. trees, and throws out radicles under such einum- stances very readily. Tf l»nu nl«(» )wn>n vinid t}ip (KvMrf Ttfar tree is .short grower, ana luai 11 10 rupiuij vAtimu^intu ^^ n^i.^i n.-i*,. , So far as the experience of this immediate vicinity lived. This is mere assertion. The proof, so f;\r, is goes, it has been (piite successful : a large; numb(T that we have sold during the last two years biding now in full bearing, and thrifty and vigorous. I had decidedly the other way. T. llivers, and tliere i.s no higher authority, says they are growing pcrfrttW healthy and vigorous in the gardt^ns of thf llorticu^ the pleasure of demonstrating this fact recently to the i tural society, Cheswick, Kngland. twenty-five yrar? Dr. himself, in showing several varieties of roducing no tVuit. The probability is that his exposure is unfavorable. He informs me that there have been a profusion of blossoms, and that the trees are vigorous, and as they bear abundantly at West Chester, only a few miles oft", but at an (devation of some hundred feet high»'r than his residence in the valley, it is most likely that old, and tliat he has seen them on the contiu'-nt fortr years old equally healthy. In the gardens of nvinj of many of the private residences in Piiilaileli'hiiv they may be found eight and Un\ years planted, ^('a^ ing delicious pears, with no sign of want of vij^or, but quite][the contrary. Tln^ pear on (piince \» \<}9f liable to blight than on its own stock, and the frail of many varieti(^s more perf(^ct, and much iinpr 'vtMi in flavor. The finest, largest and most perfect Imtter pears we have ever seen, were grown on (h^.n'f trees. The same may be said of the Duchesse d'An- gonlbme and Louise Bonne de Jersey, two varirtie? at least second rate on pear stocks, but of the hi^lui^^ flavor on the (quince, and standing in the first ran^ for beauty, size and quality. They are in fact s}>e- his failure results from the same eause that other cially to be recommended for this mode of culture fruit trees are unproductive in certain situations and and for our own taste we should be satisfie.l witl. -ut exposure, viz : a liability to be cut off by late frosts, j experimenting on the four hundred other vurlnuf Another reason why the pear on (quince does not always succeed is, it,s being worked on our common orange (pilnce. It has been fully asct^rtained that tliis stalk will not answer. I have known seve- ral cases in this neighborh(M)d, where it has b(M>n tried and failed entirely. Even where th«7 unite readily, it is found they will not grow freely together, the pear soon becomes stunted, dwindles and dies. Tn a conversation at the first convention in New York now known, for fear we might be in the predi*^uii' nt of the judge, who declined to hear the counsel fer the other side, saying he was entirely satisfied of ^^^ merits of the case and was f«\irful if he heard n' '^ he might be confused. Most persons after tas'-f^i the fine buttery and juicy richness of these two peare, woidd l>e 8atisfi(Hl and ask for nothing better. Certain kinds do better on quince stock than eili- ers, and are improved as beft)re remarked in "'7,r, two years ago, with P. Barry, the (>xperien(MMl nur- : flavor and productions, and others only succeed a Boryman, at Rochester, he stated this to be his exj rienoe, and that when failures occurred, it might ge- nerally bo traced to this cause. The prop«»r stalk for growing the poar on.is the imported Angler's quince, which is a more variety of the orange, but is so free all by double working. The list of those whi-l' do W(dl, embraces some twenty-five or thirty, amplv bwip^ enough for the great majority of cultivators and \^ eluding such well known fine kinds as White and Grey Doyenn^, Buerr6 Diel, Gloux Morceaax, Mad«- I'ine, Caster Beurr6, Bartlctt, St. Germain, Napoleon, Dearborn's Seedling, (^e.. kc. "'Tm Bum op th" udvnntages in favor of dwarf pears, thev are very hardy, come into bearing often after the first season of being moved, with good rich cul- ture which tliey should :ilways have, grow vigorously ftfid benr plentifully. They muy bo planted eight to ttJi Icet u[>art, thustiikiiiLT op but little room, answer- ing w«dl to fill up the intervals in an oreh.-ird. and w\x\\ (lie pf'sent seareity (d" fine pears in the ni;irkets ( f our Atlantic cities, will prring, brings on a jiremaiure development (d" the bud. only to be niytpetl by a sui-ceeding frost. Sueli iruif trees, and indeed all «aliers, trom ttie great va- to procure just enough of the very best stamirn^-^ and aniic rnw of W'liite Bush Alpine, s. Pour niw^ lludsi.ii. p. One row Ko-is' PhoMiix, s. Pour roAvs Ki\ al I lud-^.n, p. One row lioston Pine, s. Four row> Hovcv's SiM'iHing, p. (hie row Karly Searli't, s. Pour rows 1 iovev, p. ()\\v row Ib'd liush Aloine. i. (Jrowing tree-j may ])ey>;7'/t'v/ muderattdy now, as at any other -^easou oj'tlie year (popular provrbs to thu contrary not with>tanding). It is \v. U to pruiio a lit tie at diifrcut seasons, when much is r quireil, a-s severe pruiiiiiL: at aiiv tirU'^ is ulwiiys pnjudi.'ial. — • Occasion for it i-^ a\(iidod bv tr;'.ininL: vouml: trees at tirst a^^ tie v .-h'uld afterwards errow. ( Md lvA>rr.KKiiv eane«< wtneti liave truite(l may Iwa "-la'dcness of our (diniate and the lialulity to sudden cut aw;iy. Sometime^ the yovin:^ c;ine>^ •'tart a^igor- eJumges, should rather be {Wanted on high ground, wiiere there is a free circulation of air, and if ytossi- ble with northern exposures, so Od to retard their growth. (>\i ti'inler L'rowtli afrwrwariN; they will op-Tiallj need protection in November. Budding is yet in seas(m. One good rule is t-o place the bud prompth* and boldly, without ai.} -u'^ sequent displacement or adjusting. Th<' tree -should Notch for Septcmb«r. y^,. ^^,,|j ,,,^ ^^.-^x^ |,„,|^ aeoording to the .i/„. of the tnp^ The cultiviifor \\ bo has been absent during previous- ; HO as to avoi.l necessity fir cutting away numy uionths is now the j.reud spectator of th(^ fine autuui- [ lirant-hes larger than the fmger. Instead (d" takiii'j; tht^ tirst scions at hand, select the best sort, and >uidi as will vieM fruit of a kind or season in whieh the i^arden is defieirnt. A (< w buds v.a\ growth of his vouul' trees, ami rich in the profu- sion and variety of autunnial fruit,s from older ones. r>ut trees lackiuLT eulture. standinir in bivrd soil or Rrj(aig htrong grass or weeds, make no "^-^'^'^'^d ^ ^^j- ,^ ^^^.j^^^^, ^^^^ ,,.^,j j,,, ^,^|-.i^, },,, .,,.,j( ;„ .^ i,.„,.j. t,, a ^-rowth " Nshile yonng, nor can they yield rieh fruit j ^.^.j^.i^^.j-able distane'e. If there is too large a propor- if oM. I Hon of .some vari(^ties of fruit in a garden, or if som« It is now too late to urge a growth this season— ' t^.,^^.^ produce inferior fruit, the sooner they ar« the late unripened shoots would be caught by ^><'^*^^' , ^-hanged the better, provided they are young and lH>tore they would become sufficiently woody and U^^^.^^^j,^. . if tl,..y are .d.l. they will scarcely repay the l.'arden.d. Pnseasonabh' luxuriance of growth is . ^^.,,^^,,1;. ..f grafting, and tlu^ much greater o.use.Juent >ne of the greatent sources of mischief incident to our irregular climate, and a common prciMiraor of dis e?rfie. Instead, thcrefor»>, of stimulatinr. E. Parry, <.f Lam ast^r, has laid on o\ir tal)le scYcral sufierb plums of the Gen. Hand variety. On measuring theni we found them t(» be 7i inches ea«ii in circumference and wei'-'hing each oue-fourth of a poun«l, less three eighths of an ounce. Although of extraordinary size, these are not as large as sevf^ral taken from the trm* last season, one of which measured S^ inrhes. WliiU in point of rich melting flavor the Hand plum i> infe. rior t:irth'tt, Cailot liosat, Washin;ji;t(m, liczi du hi Motto, Chauniontt'lh', Moyanionsin^^ Anch'iiwu. and Ak Man JHcu ; JlolxTt IJuist, tho Andrcnvs and Diicho.ss de Berri : Charlos l>()^Ynin^, tho Doarljorn'? Proceedings of tlie Pcniisyh ania IloitlruUural So- ciety The stated raeetin*:; of this association for the nionih of August, was liehl in the CliinoHo Saloon, on the! seodlino;; Jolm l(. iirinckh', tiio Kspcrion, St. Ghis 19th. The President in tlio Chair. Tho hall was lain, and tiiroo unnaniod varieties from France; .•\ immensely crowded. The object whi. h hr((U;2;ht to- gether so much of the beauty and I'ashion of the city was the announcemc^nt that it was expected a iiiu; specimen of tho Vicioria rcjla nii;j;ht 1)0 scon, as a bud which hai] appeared a])(ivethe surfac' of tlu; wa- ter on Mt)n(iay niornin^^, grcsw so rsipidly and had l)ecom(! HO onlar;i;(M|, that tho proprietor (our worthy President) felt contident that it would have; bei'n ex- pande(l by the tini(! oC the luoetinLf;. In this Ik; Avas disappointed, and therolbro the hud remained uncut. TIk; imnionsi; leaf", however, was ]trou;i;ht in, nuieh to the gratifieatiou ol" the visitors. Its diameter is six feet four inches, oi- ninotoon foot in cii-cuniforonce, peltate and of circular form, cniaririnate at that jxn ^I. JOastwick, the De Witt, liartram, lloussolot (k- lUioims, So(d^el. and a seedling varic^ty; (joo. \V. Earl, tho dulicnne. l^arly butter l^y Mi-. \. A.Pux'. and throe ^arieties from Miss(iratz. Apples hv .]n<-. Po)-kius — The l*orter, llagloo, Maiden's lilu^li, Www thornden, and I'earmain. Mr. liui.^t prcN(iit(;(l ;; ta])h' of iiitere ting jtlants, in ])ots. dohli Klli^ cxhi- l)it<>d a ver}' largo Ijaskot of cut i^)^^ers from ilic pp,. sidont's grounds; and a most beautil'ul oiir. w {-x,: bijou, ]jy Henry A. Droor; and Ity liobort Kihiii-- ton, one of ntitive llow^Ts. Anthonv I'-'hon. •!;•.,' s tensive disphiv (»f vov;f f .askot <^f ibl in th(> formation of the frame work oi" the root'ot liial extra- ordinary structure. The petiule is large, round, and ropedik(», and of considerable length. It is, as also the wliolo of the reticulate veins are. \^'■^>'\ with sliarp 1 Bissot, spines. The entire under surface of the leal" is ol' a beautiful purple tinge. A rej»resentation nf a tlower of the Victoria rcjia, in wax, obtained ])y A. Kiniber in Europe^ was exhibited. This m idel was taken oi" a specimen siim»>time after expansion : TIk^ flower is more beautiful when it first opens in its cup-like appearance than as represented by tho modcd shown. As the))lant is in a fleiirishii\g conditinu and is show- ing a succession of buds, no doubt fl(CA't>rs will 1)0 ex- hibited at th(^ Lrrand autunnial display conunoncing uii tlu^ 17th of Septemlx^r. In tlu; fruit department there wa-s numereus dishes of the various kinds of tho season. On the tahles wore seen superb bunches of Black I buuburg grapes, from the institution of the Insane, and fine spe<'imons of the same variety from the houses of P. V>. Taylor and Mrs. John I>. Smith, and handsome bun( lies of the White Chassolos from Mrs. II. M. Kowiand. Luscious specimens of the Cochin China variety, from Jos(^ph b. Lovering's, and a fine collectic^n, consisting of se- veral varieties, from Joso])h lupka's house. Beauti- ful Nectarines of the Klruge, \'ermash, and now whiw varieties, from the President '<. Red Itomau and Tit- maston Orange kinds, from P. \\. 'I'aylor's and Mr. Fergusson's, and fine varieties from James Pundas' house; Plums, very line, by Ca})t. Marston, variety cond ])Ost to II. A. Oreiir: for the best of indiiri'ikUr llowfU's, to Kobt^-t Kilvington. (trapes. — For tho best throe bunches of a Mark variety, the lilac k Ibimhurg, to Jn'i. liiloy, gardener to the Insane Asylum; for the second best, the sani variety, to Wm. Ilamill, gardoufu* to 1). B. Tayk-r: for the best of a white variety, the (diassolas, to Pe- ter ]N'^anning, gardener to ^Irs. IT. M. leiwland; fcr the second best, tho Cochin ('hin;i, to Julni Milbr. gardener to J. S. Levering. Xtcti(.'i//' s. — For th(H l)(>st six specimens to Jamt? a''dener to James l)unda^: for tho sewnil best to ^\'m. Ilamill, gardeie^r to !>. \\. Taylor. J'/tinis. — F(»rtlie best, tho Manunoth, to Alexarnkr rarker; for tho soccaid host to Capt. Marston. Peaches. — Eor tli" best, the Crawford's Early, t(' 11. W. S. Cleveland; f-r the second bot, the IlVath free, to John Perkins. rears. — For tho best, the Butter, to Cu\^. W.Karl; for the second best, tho W:ishington, to Mis. -k f Smith. Ap})hy. — For the best, Permain. to Jcdin Perkir'- f>r the seeniid best, the Maitlen's lilush. to thcf Cope. For the best display of vegetables l»y a market gJ^f' donor, and l"or the second best, to Anthenv beltoHtJ''' For tho best display by a private gardener to Jon" (Jallaghor, gardener to ^liss (Jrat/. The committ<^« iM)tic(>s two dishes of tin(> \'] committee on fruits reported that they h^'' examincMl tho following fruits ad interim since th-' last UKM^ting, viz: , ...., , . , ..j_. _, , Fine specimens of tho Bh^odgood, Dcarlvoru's 8©^^'' not recognised; Mammntir variety by A. Parker"; , ling Ananas d'Eto and Pxiioist pears, from Chark^ I>o\vning, Nowburg, N. Y. ; the (Jratz, Blather au'l Greengage by 0. W. Earl; a blue varie'ty by Mrs. N. A. Roe; the Cleavcngor variety, })y W\ S". Cleaven- ger, and the Quetch by Mrs. Wolbc^rt. Fiut ly flavor- ed and beautiful Cayenne pino-ap])los, grown at the President's, were exhibited. Pishes of very largo and delicious peaches, by II. W. Cleaveland, of the Crawford's early variety; by Jokn Perkins, tho heath Ott ])oars, and Cleavingor plum. The Bloodgood, Pearborn's seedling. Ananas d'B^ and Benoist, wore of the fiuest (luality, the last ^ particularly fine. The Gratz was of good quality anJ believed to be synonymous with Julienne. The Ma- tlier is a large fair native pear of Delaware cocutj f I i 1S51.] COMMUNICATIOxVS, &c. 181 {)( great productiven<;ss, but wants flavor. The Ott, n^ liorotoforo, sustains its high reputation, excelling in qmdity all the other summer pears. The (Teavengor is a native, j^urpde, free plum of the largest size and of good flavor. l)eferr*d business — being the amendment to the PiV-Laws reported at tho last meeting was taken up and adopted by adding a now article with sections as follows: Artici>e 17. Sec. 1. rrafes.^ors of Entomolrni}/, Ho- ta)iy UH'l Horticultural ('/in/iis/rj/. — At everv animal Mr. \\ ifts from the committee on the Address, re- ported that tlu^y had not yet nnnlo a sidection of a gentlonum to deliver the address, but he expected they would be ublo to report by tho next mooting of the Committee. Adjcmrned. To the J.ady readers of the I'arm .lournaU nv MliS. L. C. AI5EIJ.. If it could be reallv arranired as some wouM have laeetnigoi t lie soci<'ty, there shall bo (dected a pro-' ir. that Ns^man slp.ald lia\ e i ip. ri-lit to ;_r.. to tip' polls ffssor "f Lntemo|o'^\, a professor of Botanv, and a .,,,1 . ,,f ,, i ,,;ti, , , ,. ;.. . r,- i i- r i . •*• ,. ,. ,, ,•■',, I /ii -. I ' 1 M , au'l ccnt'inl \\illi man m p ijitical Ia<-ti..ii and ^tnte : pro{evv,,r ,.\ llortnailtural ( lu^mistry. It shall he tJieir diitv to (hdiver liefore tho societv occasional Ie(v [nr<< "\i -ulijeeis connected with his profe>he he print' ■/,,/ to li.'coin- the skilful operat the se\ered limh, as dl-menih'^fed fr^m the boil v ; eoul I ^he att'^nd our civil court--, and ne-''t with the \ nh-'ar- itvand r. ingliie •-<. he a^-^aileil Mith the coarse j.^r A\ ,,T,>Mn is naturally i}7fpulsiir, tciidrr v.r\(\ yield i rig. Those (luallti"^ lovelv in her (diaraefrr. and the ver\ s ml of d'liiiostic comfort might not an>\\ > r ipiite so ^ve!l. in t}e'jii--t and --lern decision of ;i .ritnina! ease. \s here the omnipotence of tho law demands the life of the offender ! the history, hahits, »5cc., of insects injuri^ms to vegeta- tion, as well as those that are benefieial to the horti- culturist. Soc. .*). Cnjiniiifffp ( n Ilftany. — A committee of five shall he appointed at tho stated meeting in Fe- hruary, to be called tho committee on Botanv. Tho profos.sur 4an!.;i! subjects that may h'e referred to than. Sec. 4. Committee (ni iCrfiruIftintl Chemistry. A Committee <.f five shall bo app..inted at the stated meetmg in February, io bo dcHLrnated th.^ committ(V 0*1 Ilortiiailtural Chemistrv. The profoss(,r of horti- eiiltural chemistrv shall hea ineinher of tliis eonnnit- . , , - ■ - t^'C and shall bo its chairnnm. It, shall be the dutv '""'' ^"^'"'P"' ^»"" ' ■'''''^ ^'"■'^- ae,■.>,npan^ ;.:: v,-.. To ^Oung >l(ii \\ In) read the l<'arm Jeiirnal. I have boon looking on. and listening to tlio voic^ of the world, and the ipo-stiou is — "What are wo com- ing to ? vshat -hall w •• «lo for young no n of worth. of character, Kji sedjriety .'* There \% in our land. and th of this committee to report to the society the ron^ti- t.i iit .l.ni.nts of such soils, fruits, trees and plants f^ tluy may ha\e analysed. •\ ^''O ''loro.tin- communication from John Ellis L^arderier to Cdeh ( ',,pe addressed to the Secretarv. \^;ls road dos.a-ihiug in minute detail the V irtnrin rc- f/ai.its growth >,f, orniin. at Sprin- Brook firm, --iv- Hi-: Its stages, de^eIope„,.>nf a^ it atary, pro ^ 'mpore. ^rfthe Kxliibition, and; list of prommms to be offer- od. ^>ro bou.s prepared for eir'eulation througillut that Some have tak-ii the alarm, and eriipiir--, •' wh;ir shall we do?'' Intelligkuit >on> of farmer^, aiel all (ithers who havi^ ^ti'-ngth of mind, and pi-imiple enoui:di to with-tand the tiiio ol' temptation, and ni e ral delint[U"n'V. voijr time is oominLr. (lo (tii in the wav^ of \ii-tue and intelli j:"nce — lav a ^ound and thoreiiirh f"iindation. an 1 a beautil'ul teniple of re- spectability e.nd ( liara'ter will be r.'ar-d tie i-e^n! Pespair no,t of ultinuite suc^cess, even though now unknown. The time is coming n^ sure as davs pass away, \vhen von ^^ ho T.ur-ue the ri'dit, ^vill he want- ed ! A\liat a tiooil tide of the voung di^'solnte ones will in a few years more be swept from tie' e.irtli, or be mere hanm^rs onto the outskirts of societv. Then you will be needed, in the strength and beauty of a pure and upright manhood, whh an eye clear witli beaming intt lligenco, and a heart shinin„^ .nt in tlio beauty of goodness, to give consistency to action auil integrity to principle. Yes, you will be needed in our halls of legislation, to be our councillors, our law makers and protectors. Spare no labor or expense in education — cultivate all your faculties — be earnest, true and faithful for the time is coming. Chittinango^ N. V. I 182 El>TT()iaAL. [Skitember, T]IE FA KM J on il N A'L Gub-(Pi)itor'3 Department. A. M. SPANGLEIl, Sih-Kditor. A;;t'iils, The Farm Journal may be had at the n)llo\vIii<; plac(^s : — AV. B. Zierer, South 3d St., ]trin<-i{i;il a;i;oiit for Philadelphia. W. II. Si'an(;li:r, B. I'\ S|'a\<;m;r, (Jkh. I^KiUiNKR, ]I. MlNKK, J. It. Shrvik'k, II. iM. i;\\\ l.I.NS, A. L. W MUIF.LI), Laneastor, Pa. CiiluinMa, I*a. lliiri'isltur;.';, Pa. l*itts^ul;L^ l*a. Cliamltcj-sliiir^, Pa. Carlisle, Pa. York Pa. and oi' Howk^-'lhTs generally. Our omcc. ThoHO having business io transact with us will please eall at the Book Store of W. 11. Spangler, in Nortli Queen street, Lancaster, Avhero we or our r(>- presentative will at all times be in attendance. New laud's StrawbcrrN Jlunibuir, The editor of the New England Farmer speaking of Newland's strawberry, which he pronounces a *' humbug,'' says: We see by u lute iunn]»er of the I'eiiiisvlvania Farm State Ag^riruKural I '.xliibil ion. Vir. ha\(! issued a supplement to th(> Journal con- taining a " liist of Premiums and Kuh^s & Ueirula- tions for tlu^ first (kittle Show and Agriculuiral ai^j Horticultural Kxhii)iLion, to be held by the Pennay]- vania State Agricultural Society. '' To tliis premlmn list w(! (earnestly invite the attention of every friend of agriculture in our State. The ensuing Stat(! Fair will be an event fraught with the highest iniportanm.' to th(^ prosperity of Pennsyhaiiia. Not oidy u'N' h,,r farmers deeply iut«'rested in rendering it a crcdi'uiliii" affair, but the interests of every nuH^hanii' an.l pn^ fessional man within her borders Avill be uioi-e o!' 1. #)» afl'e(;te«l by it. Let the Farmer, the Mechanic ani ibi' professiomil man go hand in hand, and sliouM' r ti.^ shoulder help on tlu; good work. From every hill, valh^y and plain, let the products of hon»'>t inihi-^trv be brought, until the thousands who as^cnililc ui TIarrisburg will be taught to know that the full rs- tent of tin; rcisouroes of the Kevst(»ne State lia\r in vur been thorougly understood. If, as we anticipatu, uai farmers manifest a proper d(>gree of interest, \v« jjit- diet that the display will be one that will cause a thrill of honest jjride in every Pennsylvanian's heart, and will lay the foundation fur future exhibitions that will be -surpassed in excellence by no other in thi' Union. Our exchanges throughout the State will ('"IimT h. special favor upon the cause of agriculture \>\- pul-- Journal, that the editor has receiveil a ])resent of 8ome vines from Newland's agent, ami before waiting | Fishing th<' premium list at length and calling attCD- to give them a trial he is commending them {■> the tion to it. public; thus aiding tlii^ importer in u!- objecit is the dissemination of valuable truths, and if, as in the case above ref(U-re(l to, we oursehcs are sometimes deceived, we hope that it will not be regarded as an evidence of a disposition on our part to deceive oth- ers. Fn amki.i.p:i) Ikon Miik Faxs. — We are indebted to Messrs. S.avery it Co., of j'hiladelphia, f 'r a ncst of iron milk })ans, for whi«'h they will phrase at^'^'^pt our thanks. These pans are beautifully (Mianirllnl iir- the inside, and are of a form admirably adapt'tl I' ' cleanliness and prevention of rust. Althouirli m r' costly than the common (\irthenwarr', or tin pari*. they are chea]>(T than the glass and hav(> the a'lv;U)- ta;ie over the latter of bein;:: le.ss lia])le to be hrokeii by a fall or a blow. Their slr-'iiLrth wa-^ ^atisfaetori- by tri(.Ml in our jtresenc' bv tic iiiain:!'.ie;iii-"i--, ^^n threw thcni a distance of sevrral feet on a hard floor, without liieaking. A\"e ha\eiiotyet had an opporto- nity of pro\ing their valu(> as milk pans, aii'l cU'i therefor(^ only sjieak of their form and material, loa^' ing it for the dairymen to test their true merits. Pennsvi.vama Toracco. — In our last, we spoke of the unusual rpiantitv of toliacco ;;rowinL' u our State Correction. — In the third paragraph :md fifth lim of Mr. P. Morris' article on " Kvorgre. n Tre(\s anoaranoc Shrubs," in our last num])er, the word "deodar" jit at that Unu\ ])resented. Since then, refroshin^J should have preceded that of '* cedar." Tlu' aceiden tal omission of it in the copy, drew from us a small note which places Mr. M. in the awkward position of calling the common red cedar a tree of "lively tints and graceful habits." We make the correction with much pleasure. rains have falhui, and although many li'Ms have not nor are liktdy to recover fully from the effects of tm' drouth, the gener;il apjxMirance of the crop has been much improved. Many large growers claim a full crop, and as prices promise to be nearly equal to those of last year, their profits will be large. ii^ h ■-v''E i 1851.] EDTTOPrAL. ]^'> I>c;irli (^ilture. •• W h\ is not m.rr .'attention given to tlio culture ,)f t!:> prat h in P.!in>y Is ania?" was impiinMl of us by an ardent friend of fruits, a day or two since. — The (pierv !ia 1 fr.'fpjmtly before presented ilstdf Uj iMv mind, as one of great interest and importance. — Tliat the Soil in very many stH*ti"ns of ^ur State is pe I'l >r t\s >'\\r successi\e var-^. and "in" id" which will jiroduc" more fruit in a Hin'j;le season than two averagf sized der- Klioiild satisfy the most skepti<'al, that i*enn^ylvania • n r ., 1 :.. .i.; , . ..^t\ .,i T,. r\ .- i s^ey trees will i)ro(iuci' durin;i their whole life time. ih a region espetually favored m ttiiH partnailar. Our | -^ ' '^ ,- ^ , • 11*1 .1 -,,...., ,.1 11-- * Tlie same may doubtless be said of neatdi trees in the climite. too, is all tfie peaefi growi^r could dfsire, so , - • that tl... almost total indlfl-erenco <.n the part of her '-»»"ties of ( du-ster, Montgomery, Bucks, Delaware, p.opl.. alone, prevents (mr State from becoming as ^ IMnladelphia, or in fact any of the old counties of the faiiiou< lor (dioit'c peaidies, as she has long been for : ' ''^^''• /. • I. 1 \' T • I * I I Lookiu" at the subici-t, then, in a m'im'v iioint of fin<- ;;ram. It make- a New Jersey man s In-art ache j iv i... .vi. i j , ^ . , , 11 I » /• 1- J r view alone, (hies it Hit asMime an important aspect? b> h'ok upon our nolue pt'ach trees, from one (unh of | ' ... I • , 1 i. .1 J- n i 11 ^ 1 1 : Should uoi -timate could b(; made be made. And then tic diflereiK-e in duration. A Jersey fruit tree generally comes to full maturity in | .1 r ♦ r .1 4. • n- • i. . of the ameaint paid l*v Feiiusvh anians f ir New der- tiiree years, lour vear> at farthest is sufhcient to ' . * sey aiid 1 '"d.iw ari' pe;udie<, it would d 'ubilex-, awaken ■e years. comj»let»' its growth arel tlien having thoroughly im- T|>overished I he Soil, it litorally dies of starvation. A Pennsylvania peach tree, on the other hand, bears a deeper feeling of inlere>t Protect Voirselves and Yoi r Fiioilktv. — The equally as mu<'h and decidedly rich(>r flavored fruit past season has been full of warning to our farmers, at three years, and then continues increasing in size I Never within our recollection has there been in any \ig'C*. I'Todueiug with eaeh successive year larger and : one summer so manv aciddeiit- from buditniiiLT. >M- better ei-..n> r,.r fiftt'cn or tweiitv ve-ars successiv(dv most i'\erv(lav. aeiMunt> of the awtu! de«truerion (d Wde r- \er prop'TJy attended to, it thrives and bears ii\e> and property have reached u-. and \n evei-y in- wejl f(,r at lea-t fifteen vears, ami without any culti- I stance w here tlcse accidents ha\e happened to dwidl- vatitui at all, the bearing life of our pea(di trees on ' ings or bai-n-, the u.^ual protection ol lightning re.d" our mellow loam soils V ill averatre ten vears. was wanting. Now. wden it i< rememberid that T , ,. ,. n 1 r X' T r I ,'verv farmer ha- it in hi-power I'uilv to ^niard aLMin-t in til ■ laer ,.1 all tlie^e tacts, .now Jc^rsev for many I , ' . , , . , • years held the innu-nse prtdits of the j»each crop, sup- plied to the IMiiladelphia and New York markets, almost entirely in her (twn hands. Recently, little lVda\v;!re has put in a (daim for the spoils, and the su- peri' n:v of licr peacdies has nearly driven (»ur Jersey frieiiN fV,,in the i*hihid(d]diia market. Hundreds of thousareN ( d' tioHurs have thus, for a lomj; period, N'en annually paid f»r fruits which, with comj^arativo- \y tritVmg cost and labor, our citizens miudit liave ^own themselves, and that too of a size and lIa\or infinitely M,pnn,.r to tle-sr brought from New Jersey and Delaware, and f -r \\\i'u-\\ they pay most exorbi- t;int prices. Very few pcrsuus arc aware of the difrerence be- tween the flavor of pea ?hes grown up n our ,4r lu'-er, heavier sfdls, and those cultivated in the Ij.dir >and8 ot Jersey, 'idns is attrihutable not to a want of taste on th.'ir pari, but to the fact of their rar^dv having an opportunity of cmparin^' the merits re- ppectively of the two kinds. While the former is richly flavoreil and possessed in perfection of all the finalities which gives the peach its pro-eminence as a fruit, the other is generally watery and insipid, or these aeridents. does not lii-^ ne^leet to do s '•••nder him highlv ■ tlpable. \\ r think so. A compaiati\e- ly small amount expemleil for lightning rods ensured the salrty ol'tle- family and projuTty. and during the pre\alenc" of >torms, relieves the mind from the dread and anxietv u-uallv felt bv tho>e who are without these im[>ortant appendages to their buildings. We therefore -av to .'verv farmer, put up li;:htning rods at once, and w hile _\-u are al-oiit i', put up th<)se of the most approved kinds. The mi^'netic ii-htning rod. patente, and we commend it to tht^ittention of our readers. Tin; <'oKN CRor.— The refreshing rains wdiich fell in our \i. inity during the middle and latter part of .Vu -u-t. in a measure revived the drooping corn, and a — i-ted niat-ri.dly in liliing the ear.^. It now I looks vigorou.-- and h •a!t!i\, and a tolerable fair crop ! may be anticipated, though not so large as a promis- ed to be, earlier in the season. We are pleased to learn that nearly every section of the State enjoyed the blessings of fine showers about the time we re- ceived them. i. -vif 184 EDTTOMIAL. RBfl r- rr icx? j-nerrrrsfrs [Septemher, I Fruit Stealing. Will some of our readers, versed in the philosophy of morals, define for us the diiferonce in crimlriaHtv between robbino; a man's orcliard and rob])in<'- his house. The law, we are aware, mak^s a broad dis- tinction between the two ; but this is a distinction without a difference. Why the theft of n 77inn'>^ honso- hold property or money should be cunsid»'r(Mi a m(,re heinous crime in the eye of the law, than th(» plun- dering of his orchard or garden, :int that those wh(. have seedling fruits will be kind (Mi.,ugli t - lur- nish us with samples of them, to be ])laeed in tlu- hands of compc^tent i)ersons who will decide upen their merits and describe them, and th(^ newspaper press of our State will confer a special favor hy n,,- tlcing our rec^uest. AVe regret that tin; lateness of the S(nison as well as the general defectiveness of fruit this year prevents us from entering upon thi^ \v.,rk at once-, with those fruits whi.di are grown in our immediate vicinity. Xcxt season wc shall c(anmoiice the good \\ork in time. Hope's Tmi)ruveri Plow. The above cu\ represents a ]>low with TTope's new improvement atta.duMl. A great difficulty witliplow- ,..,».: .u 4.1 r i- • -1, ■ , I •>i''J' h:i^ :ll^vavs been the (do'-M;,),,- ,,f il,,.;,. ,)]-,,y^ on,] punish them for prolanity, will not permit them to as- L, , ,. \ ''". " ' "' ii plo^^b aim „ • 1 •,! 1 1 , T , . I. , t'"' \\ant oi ai eiiuate nuan^ ii^i" (deMnno'- iw'iv tlx^ sociate with bad boys; but indirectly encourage them ' , , ,,, , ,/ < i- ..mn^ aua^ tat '^ wee, Is, grass, stubhle, etc. Many att-mj.ts have boon to steal a neighbor's fruit. Strange inconsistency, but no less strange than trie'. We cannot conc(>ive how any man isty, can so far forget the duty he owes his conscience and society, as to rob a fruit tr(M\ We consider the man who steals his neinhhor's apph\s or p"aches as much a thief, as he who j.icks his pocket, and were we the arl)itrers of justice w(.uld punish him as severely. And sucli should be thf' estimate p1ac(^d upon this mean pilfering by the whole communitv. If the voice of public sentiment were raised a<^ainst it, and the fruit thief regarded as he should ]>e— an equal with the j'lckj^oeket and burglar — there would then be some litLle i!ncourag(>ment to cultivate (dioic.^ fruits; but so long as he is regarded and t'-eated as an honest man so long will our farmer's orcluirds !,(> be plundered and the product of years of anxious toil carried away by dishonest men. made to remedy this evil, but with oiilv partial siio- cess, as no imj)rovement with whiidi w<' are acijuaiiit- now in use, at a trilling e.\j)onse. It <'onsists of the recurved pnini of tie' mould board, whi(di effectuallvfurns asid: and guides backward the (dioking mateiial. AVe have -r, f>. 1 ^^^ **^*^^'» <^"' I'h'^v in use, but hope that it inav realize i/EXNSYLVANiA Seedling Fruits.— It is universillv ♦! • * • . • . ' e 1 , o , -TV . ^^'"^^^*- Aiisunn.i.viiiy , ih- inventors most sangum.^ expectations, as an ef- conceded that Downing's Fru ts ,/%,. *. iU„ i ^ _. .i ^ ' <=» ^^v^i* a. \xy^a>.\Ai^Lu. America is a work of rare merit— the best on the sub- ject, and indispensable to every horticulturist— yet it is far from comprehending the whole of our choice fruits, and in confirmation of this opinion wo refer to with our farmers. Seeds should always bo kept iu bags, in a dry, airy situation. EDTTORT AL, 1S5 WW W ■ 1 ' »»l -^ WW.WF' Wn'* liortJcultural Inqt!* nients. For the fdlowing cuts of gardening tools and the accompanying description, we are indebted to Ko})ert Buist, Es(p, nurseryman of rhiladelpdiia. 'I'liry ap- peared originally in the "Faiiii!\ Kitchen (iardener,'' a work whi«di sliould be iu tic; hands of every farm- er, and of which Mr. B. is the author. We know of no treatise (m gardening, we can more( !ifidently re- commend. The different subjects are treated in a clear, familiar style, and fi .m the extensive* practical experience of the autii"i-, may be confidently rtdied upi)n. It 1- not (»ur inti nti^'U to go into a m lil. '{'he iaaterial> of which they are composed are (diii tlv of iron and wood : tic b. the best and nm^L durable to ucconi- pli.-h the end. The spade is a very comm ai t.i.d, and -b. iild be of steel, Avith a hickor\ "i- a--!i iian(lh', lia\iiiLrt\VM rivets through its hea' Vo. 2, of the manufactory, is the most coiiveni'Ut -i/.(^ S(une Am«rii an spad' - are equal to any of luiri-h manufacture. I le' H'lkr (Figure 1.) should be of the best wrought iron, with teeth i the latter is generally used, tli«»ugh the former is pre- ferable; handles four and a half feet long. ^ The Dutch, or Scuffle line, I'ig. 5, is very use- ful for cleanin;: walk^ and cuttingweeds where th(» ground is of a light nature". It is also calbxl a 'fbiu.-i lloe, (being u>ed by pushing from vou^ in contradistinction Fig. 5. \ FiR. 1. ground. The handle -h.aild ' '■ r^und. mad" of pirc. or any light wood, and from six to ei;j;lit fe.t fai-. Ihif /o/Ar. (Fig. 2.) — 'idiis \''ry u-rful inipb.mer.t about '1\ inches hmgand \\ apart. Tlie head is of any size from six to twenty iiudies. There a'.'c also rak's ,,f uiallea- t'h' iron, and wooibn r;ik'- w ith sleci tt'clh; the latt'T S(»rt are verv convenient for V'>\\ ■•■ ji t.. the hraw lie.c, Fig., which i> best adapted for all lieavy Work. The i:,l uu'l L'U'. V\-. '■'. Tlie reel is of w Odd or ir^ ai ; ile lat t(M' is prejcrabh'. It cMii^'^t-- cf two parts, the shank and la-'d. Tic head turns round on tic -bank and winds up the line or c ad. w iii(di can be {)[' anv b iej;th. Fi-. n. 'fhe T/nir, i ]']'_:. ~ . IS V. I'V \]<-0- ful for rfiuo\iriL: p!int> and lii'ting tboiii \s ith halU ot earth fbr trans- pl lilt, ml:-. 1l >houM 1)0 of the Inst iron or suci, wuu a .-'^u;ae socket into the handle, !s ci iinp 1 ard WCod, with St*'el teeth, obtUM'lv pointed, ahout two imhes wide, five iiudies lontr. and tVoiii nine to twtdve inches Fig. 7. and from five to nine inches long, exclusive of tlio handle. T\n} Jh/'l'hr is a ^lert jaece ( f round wood, ger.er- ally made from an old >pade or shovel hamlle, a! -ait one and a half t." t l^ng, obtusely pointed, frequently shod with iron on the one end, and conveniently 1 .riMcd for the hand -n the other. It should be w.U in:,, p.. as it is ot v. ry general use, and if iron-sb.tMl. will !a-t half a conturv. 'Who'- to i;[. \\!r.' W lat !■ wronir with the IMiila- (bdphia post office? (,>uito a numlM r of our .•'.ty sul^ serib.^rs conij^htln that tlcy havr fail' ■! to recrivo apart. It is exceedimrly use- tledr dournaN n^rwlarK. Now, u- ro it n t f.r the ful in draw in;j; drills iiiw hi, di W^ri, that w^' bav-' been s,'rupnlou-ly carclul in maw- _ to Sow Ib'et-, ( 'arrots. ( hiioii-. 'r^- -• and all sj|i;ilj v.M-ds or i-,.ots. '" u^ing it, strain the line, and draw with s'ane strength; when three drills will be made at once, saving the lab(jr of moving the line so frequently as when the work is accomplished bv a bore. /I"i .s' art' of' mail v and varied devrriptiou- an- were in fault; but having on several occasions mail' 1 numlcrs a second aivl even a third time, which failed to ri'ach the persunfl lor whom they were int-ndod. we charge tie- d-lin- (picacy "11 tlie p.o.t nriM''r. and bop. h- will endeavor to avoid this neglect iu future. Fig. 3. \ offered to the ]»ublic, great efforts are being mail.- tv the committee having it in «diarge to that entl. n th ii (( County Aj^ricultural Fairs. During the iimnths of Septemli(*r and OctidxT the different county societies in the State hold their an- nual and semi-annual exhibitions. Vie regret that we are unable to give a complete list of these socie- ties, their location, and time of holding their exhibi- tions. AV'ill not the Secretaries Im^ kiiid (^nough to keep us advised of these things? The State Fair will be held at Harrisburg on the 23d, 24th and 25th of October. Chester co. Hort. Society, 11th, 12th & 13th of Sept. Montgomery co. Ist and 2d October. Bucks CO. 1st of October. Phila. CO. Agr. Society, 8th and 0th orOct(d)er. Grand Plowing Match at Norristown, first Tuesday of October. Lancaster co. Plowing Match, September 29. Several valuable communications have again been crowded out. They will appear in our next. Book Xotifcs. The American Pomohnjist: confainhui finrhj colord '>f Fniif^i of' Af/ir/ici/i crii/in. Liiiteii W, 1). IJrinckle, A!M., M.D. Publish.Ml by A. lIoay,193 S. 7th street, Philadidphia. 1851. Dr. l>rinckle is well known to the horticultunl world as an ardent cultivator and successful cxj>er)- menter in the- d'partment of fruits, of which he hi! originated some important varieties; wliilst his sound judgment and g(Mieral knowledge of the subject pe- culiarly adapt him for the task he has undertaken. Mr. Hoffv is an excellent arti'-t upnn subjects of this kind, aid he n<»t only makes the origiicil paint- ings frt'iu ihe .specimens, but ti'ansf'rs thfui to stone, and supi'rintends the coloring, so that eviuw care is taken to have the illustrations accurate. I The first number is now ready, and is a stout .|"'^^" I to with ten beautiful })lat(>s, colored by hand in i careful and chaste styl(% affording an excelleui r.'prr sentation of the various subjects. Thest^ c(impr!?»o four varieties ui pcdr, one ap}>h\ one }>cac]i, {^w apn- cot, ono iJifrry, and two r(ispl>trn'( s, the last being amon;:; the doctor's oriirinsils. Havin tails, prepared expressfg for the use of p)'(,jrrt<>rsanil artisans throughout tjie United States, hj/ Samuel Sloan, Architect. E. S. Jones & Co., S. W. corner 4th and Uace streets, Philadelphia. Nos. 1 and 2 of this valuable wurk have been kind- ly laid on our table by the [mblishers. Time aud gpice will not permit us to n(»tieo it as it d< serves. — We shall do so in our next. In the m.antiiue we ciMniii' lid it to those of I lUi- reaV!A AMA FAKM JOIRNAI. In i>rd'r that tb.i' Fakm .Ioiiinm, may be placed within l';'' V'^d' h <>i >\t-v\- one who feels intero^tcd in tJi'' pntgress ot .V'.'rieuhure, we ask attention to the following terms : — ■ Si.vcJi.E Copies, Five Ten Twenty It is not rerjuire(l that all papers in a idub should Ix* Hcnt to one (office. We will mail tln'm !in wrap- pers,) to ;is many different ofticc:, im may b.- n.-cc-sa- rf. We make this arrangement in orthr that jur^ons njsiding in different neighborhoods may unite, and form large clubs, and thus secure the " Jolunal" at tiie very lowest club rates. Our Terms are cAsn 1 s \i\.\\cr. The exceed in f.dv \ir,\ rate at which the ,I>.urnal i< lurni^lc'l rtnd'T< Liiis imperative. Subscriptions may bo v,.nt at our risk, and money at ])ar where sul)sscribers re-ide. will be taken, ^^'here the sum to be sent is large we prc^ Tt that a draft should be proeurod, if possible. Subscribers and Post Masters are invited to act as Agents. A receipt will always be sent wiih tic first miniher ot the copy subscribed ior. All letters must be a^Mr •->>'-d. ]>"sf fnu'd, t<» tin pub- Iwli'- A. M. S1'AN(;!.KK, Lancaster, Pa. FA^.^I!;l:s ;M;«n r.cT voiu iiorsKS.t bakns. S,. iiKiiiy aroKlfiitslinve h:i;.p.n'Ml from liphfiiinp (hirms: tlx- past >'i:iiiner, tliiitevi-ry pnidfiit an, I .ar.'tul fariiu-r slmu M :it oiii-e ■^'I'Tt Bucli m.-ans .-iR will h.- iii.ist f ir-ctual in prrvciitmL- t'l.-in.— ^Mieii It IS remembert-d that rcrt .m satVtv inav he sr, iir.'.l at a ^t-Ty tririiiisr exiieiiBf, it l)pcniiu-s thr ciutv of .'•v.rv iirin.r aiul jTiHKlcitizfn to avail hirnsflf the proiort'*! means JJv s,. doing, le not only secures Ills property from fire l)y lightning, but pro- tects alt., his (aniily and tho le around hini T!o 8»; are~ important considerations nnd should have great wnght. 'I'hoso who d-'sirca « I'ltrhtmng Hod, p'oiiomiced by the first St-ientifif rn.ii in our \R\ii-r ^''*' '^'*'"^' ^'*'^^ '" '""'' ^^*'" '""' '^ "" ■'PP'"-''ti"" ^' TFIOS .^ty\l I .U,L at his Mi-n^t,r Li^htnini; Hod Factorv. Vui-- Street. 3.l..or8alM,vo l-2th. Philadelphia. Th.sr K,.d«ar<' fmiKhr I wah a 1 uic iinprovemeuts at nearly thr r.miu- [>u. -h as the old kind. (tl. rVGE'SdlUl L\|{ SAWMILLS. (JKOUOK r\(;i: ^ to. >hroeder street, between i;,iliiui.>re nnrpoH..s. Corn and f.^c^in^pump' Tc "'""^"" ^"'^'"'^"^ ^'^"^ P"«^«' ^■-''' wheels, M()\i(;n:\ii:i{vs r\KivALLi:i> iMid;'>\!.i' kulkawav b( Ki.KMd;. ThiBcelrhraled FAN has been th..r<.ughly tested and found lO excel all others now in URe f..rrleauing the (fifTrrf-nt kin.1>iof erain. This improvement by Montgomery & Brother, constats in a Uuu- bV 8i.o.'-liu- UiX^vT shoe-A us commonly attached to wmnowu.jf marhuH-s, having grooves into which llie screens, sieves or sievs boards are slid and rest. „«..,„« H riie riirved apron upon which the grain falls alter passiug through a hopper above. , , „„_^ C. rhe ,nv« The persons wh<. hire already uaed these (.IIALN ''^.^^ nivw not only Rpoken in tiaUermg terms of them, but preler them to aJ I utherathey h,iveu,sed-and very many of the best Agncu tur.^» have given their certificates that the fact of these machines screen- ing the gram twi.e by one and the same operation is the very im- provement U.ev have long desired. Our farmers will "/^^ ]>«;'• tb,' m. St i.rfV.t winnownc machine, which spreads the gra.n over the uimer Hereeii more perfertiv than any ..thers m^v in us€^ Tins unpr' l-ement .8 s- valuable a. to have induced he inventori and maimfa( tnrers to make application for I>etterB 1 nteiu. All or.iers f.:r the machne s will he P^'^^M^tlv attended oy lU^ 1 1 T VTf)\"r(;( )M I K \ h HK()IMl-,U. undersmned j mu.n i <>• i.>u .u i • • , , ^ ,,. p., yiept l-:i. i^ncastcr c,ly^2±_ TIIK FKl rr-(;K(AVI.irs nAM3-15()()K. Kncourage.l bv the verv warn; c. lumendntions of this work, re" ceiv. a alike from experienced Horticulturists and from the wholly inexperienced, the author ventures with some confidence to sun- mit It to the public at large. , ■ ,» u i^rtKA Notes of all the important questions on fruit culture asked of Uie writer dunnjf the last ten years, with a thorough research of ro- m.dogical works, have contributed to render this v-lume as com- plete'as possible. 111 ccmvenieiit compass. ^i^nt. To the lot-holder who wishes t.v make the most of a few pliinlf and little room. a8 well as to the extensive planter who w'shes U> arrange and cultivate his gardens in the most economical nd pro f itable manner, the Hand H.,ok will be lound a useful c>M \rTlV(J. LIFT AM) FOIU'K PUMPS The sMls.r.l.er manufactures Double-acting Lift and Foro€ Pumps, oi ail Bi/cs, fi'r _ c.-.»;^«- Factories Mmrs. Railway Water StalioM, Breweries, Steamboats, Steamships, T«n Works, Ships, Water Boats, Hot Liquids, Family Purposes, *C- ^,^„^_,a ^ VILLAGE AND FACTORY FIRE ENGINES^ Garden Engines, Cistern Pumps, Well Pumps, for a^Y "^'Pti;^,^*- quired, Hose Couplings, Copper Rivetted Hose of all sizes, Orua- namental Cast-iron Fountains, kv. Purchasers are respectfully invited to call. Any conuuunications by mail will have immediate attention^ G. B. FARNAM, 34 ClilT st., near Fulton, N. Y. 188 ADVERTISEMENTS. fS^Fl'TKMUFR 1S51.1 ADVRirnSEMENTS. 189 5 t . ." FRUIT & ORNAMENTAL Ti^KES, &C. The subscribers solicit the attention of Nnrserymen, Orchardists and Amuteurs, to their pi •seat large and fine stock of Nursery Ar- ticles: Standard Fkuit Trees, for Orchards: thrifty, well grown, and handsome, of all the best varieties. Dwarf Trees, for Gardens. The largest stock in the country, and the most complete. Dwarf Pear Tree». Our collection consists of well known leading varieties, and numbers more than 150,000 saleable trees.— The superiority of these, being grown in the country, over import- ed trees is well known to every intelligent cultivator. Nr the drawing room, while its accurate delineations give It the highest practical value. The projector will find in it ev. ry varietv of style and desi<»n accompanied, as mentioned below, by all minntia necessary to con- struction. By Its aid he may build without danger of making those ludicrous and expensive mistakes which so often occur The operative artisan of every grade will find the work of ines- timable value. It is a complete book of reference, and all plates are drawn to a scale with the utmost accuracy, so that he has only to study them with his rule ar.d compass. The work, in two volumes of twelve numbers each, to be issued monthly, until complete. Each number contains four Lithograph Engravings of original designs, varying in cost of erection'^from SSOOto SU,0O0. There are also four sheets of details accom- panying the designs, comprising ground plans, .Vc, ^c. Besides tins, each number contains eight pages of letter-press, descriptive of the designs, giving extended accounts of the various styles adopted, essays on warming, ventilation, fcc, Ace, elaborate spe- cifications, estimates, tables, and m short every thing desirable either for construction or for general information', in beautiful type- the whole being executed on the very finest paper, inauufactured expressly for the work. Prick 50 CEXT.S A M:m IJi:il Address, post-paid, E. S. JONES & Co., Publishers, n r , S. W. cor. 4th and Race sts, Phila., Pa. Persons forwardmg a list of five subscribers accompanied with the cash, shall receive a sixthcopy gratis. aept-ly ^ FINE STRAWBKRRY PLANTS K«?I?T^7^' ^.''*"J' ""[ ""''*'''''' varieties and fine qu'ality can be had by the hundred or thousand at the low price of , South Seventh at., between ChoBtiiut* Market streets, Philadelphia. sept.-eni HKNRY A. i)Ki:i;irs SEED AM) 7I0irri(HM;m;.\L AVAREIIOUSB, No. 59, Chesnut .st., notir 3d, J'hiladolpliiiv. Constantly on hand a large and well selected assortment of Garden, Field, Grass and Garden Seeds, Fruit Trees, Grape Vim«i R»ses, jrc. Horticultural Implements in great variety. Catalogues forwarded on post paid application. (sep.-4* AGKM Y ///• Ihe purchase and sale of improved breed of Animals. STOCIC Cattle of all the dillerent breeds, sheep, swine, poultry, 4cc.. purchased to order, and carefully shipped to any part of t^ie L'niled States, t'or which a moderate ctnuinission will be «4iarged. Tlie lollowing are m)W on the list, and tor sale, viz: Thorough bred Sliort Horns and Grade Cuttle, do do Alderney do do do do Ayrshire do do do do Devt)n8 (\o do do do South Down Sheep, do do Oxt'ordshire do do ib> Leicester do Swiue and Poultry of dillt rent breeds. All biers p- pt paid will be pr.niptlv attended to Aduiess AARON (.."LI l.M I ;.N T. Augiiht I, 1^51. Cedar bt , above Pth. Phila. .TorilX.M. OV Till-: FIt.WKLTX TNSTITl TK, / the State (>!' /' nusijlcdnia, Jor thr j)/'>i/t>'li"/i 'f (he Ml chanic ^LY.v. ^I MIL oldest Mechanical Periodical extant in .Smerica.is i^ub'islied 1. on llie tirst ol em-h month in the City of I'liiladcijdii.i It has been regularly issued for upwards of iweuty-hvc years, and is cftrefudy edited by a committee of s'-icntilic gentlem-ai apjKoiited :or tlie purpose, by the I'ranklin Institute, The deservedly high reputation, both at heme and abroad. which this Journal has ac(piired and snst.ained, has given it a cin ulation njid e\e!iaiige list of the best cliaraeter, wliicli enables the Com- iiiittee oil i'ubiicatioiis to make the beat selections t'rom I'oreign Joiirii I's, and to giv»* circulation to original <«om»niiiiicif ilds. averaging ..;J0 ,bs., or m casks, u,JI'oh.Vv'';hl?/;' 7 ?I'^^7«*' ''^"•'i' ^" (bd.very. Persons vvish- U»K toiniy the iirtie e tosc I U'^aiii vi-iii i. i i l i nnssiou. Address «o•""^vlll I'e "il-we-l a i.heral com- ^"^ ''^^'^^- No. 40, Peck Slip, New Yo,k. GUANO AM) fIasTIK 1 '"h)^ Tons 'iT^ VsM ^'" ""r "' '^' ^''^'''' '"^^^^^ ^atcs, J"oo Ions IJry 1 alagonia Guano, oil . .V f^«»^'»'rnment Peruvian Guano. 5(H) bbls. Ground Plaster. od wlut eo.u?;,"^^ " ""»^»;P=^-^''-l-«nd can be recommend- \ l.hli . . '' t'tarmersand others m want uf the articles A liberal deduction made to Country Mer.hanis '^rticits. ..Iv i ^' ^- ^^ ^*^"' First Store above Ches. st., i'hila. .74 m- sti;a\vhi:hi;y im.wts. '' I MIL subscriber offers for sale 4000 young and thrifty Strawber- X ry plants at low prices. This and the t'ollowins month being the proper lime to form new beds to bear fruit the (olh.wing year. J.F. lIIJNrjSH. Aug. 1, 1951. No. 18, East King st., North side, Lan. GUANO w AH! iiorsi:. No 54, Soutk ll'kaivcs, Uelow Walnut Street. pERLVlANand Patagcuiia Guano, for sale in large or small f quantities, in baiTels ami bags, on reasonable terms. JOSLPII L JONKS, No. !>4, Snith \\ tiarves, Philadelphia. Analysis Phosphat'- of >raL:ne.<^ia \',.i Carlionate of .Maginsi.i 1,7 .Alkaiine S.ilts ().() ()iL;anic .Malcer '2b. <> Ammonia 'j^-^ Water p;,t Siiid Ac. (i.o '• The 1.'),1 parts of Phosphate of Magnesia contains Q8,7j p.'iris of Phosphoric Acid. The; guano is of excellent (piality, contain- ing nearlv one half .if matt'-r of the highest value in Agriculture, besides one I'ourth of organic matter m a good slate foi application to the Boll." Result o{ an analysis of a lot of Patagonia Guano in Store, and for sale by J()S L JOM.S. July 1 ) No. 51, South Wharves, i'hila. GIANO, nF.nrV[\Nand Patagonia Guaiui for sale in b>t8 to suit pui ^ chasers, by J. CASSF.DV A SON. No. 1-Jl, S»uth Water st., a few doors abuvc Dock st , Phila. July I. -Mv To lAHllino? LA.M'Mi: \i; A .in-lKKIKS. 1> r.SPECTrCl.LY invite \hf*. aitf^iifioii of Farmer» V ''Hid others to their Lstablishment for the manufacture of larnuug Implements and e.spt-eially to their ce'ebrated lMrU()\ Kl) CRAIN FANS, which they confidently ass. rt will do more work in a shorter spar** of time, an I with less lalxT, than any other Fannowiu use. Tliest^ Fans, wherever introduced, have given complete salist'action.and a large number of testimonials could be procured, t'stifjing tt> their superu>r merits. • They also mau'.ifaeture, to order, Auriculttiral Implements of va- rious kinds : such as Utraic Cutters, Cultiinti)rs, Ploughs, ilarrou'S. fc. Having had many years' experience in the best shops in th« country, they are prepared to do work of a superior quality a litll* '■hcap»r tha;i any : .ther estbaliBliinent in the 5f. ate. Tliey will w;u . r.iiita!! their WiTk to lie what it is represented. A warrant givi » with every (tram Fan. giving the purchaser the [irivilege of re- tLirning it, sho'ild it int do i^oiui and (juiek work. The> will f Fans, No. 1 . laru'e size, - - - ^OMK' " " " *2. suiJill f'\/.''. - - - '^2.{uth Down Sheep of Pure Blo ;ii-4 Iious<\ 194.i Jfiile hill Sub.<<>il. of ^.iriou.s y'vA^-f. of .vuperiur material.^ and workiuansbip. warranted to give satip- fartit)n. or tin* money returned— Four hi;,'be-(t preniiuniM ftwar.UsI to these Ploughs nt the New Vork I sir. ISVj. Al.^o. Bear}) ;ir,(J Car Share Ploughs; Spain s iinpro%-ea Barrel ( burn, construrtrd in such a manner that the I ADVERTISEMENTS. VH Kettlewell & OavlsoiiN Salts ap^alnftt (iiiiaiio. A CHALI.KNGK! !I TIIK (IfM'p intcrost now taken by Agriculturists in all dcccrtn. lions of nuinurp. would serni to justify any rxpcilicnt, bj which fnir hiuI unprtjudiccl cxptTinunt^ ni;ty Ixi ui;i Ketili-Wkll ''mm PKIsN'A. I>ATF,N1' .UiKNCY OFFH'F,. InventorH and otheiF, havm:,' huRiiiess to transact nt the United Staves Patent olUcc, arc licreby udCrmcd, that the undcrsigiuMl will attend promptly t'« all huBiness coinu'ctcd with said ofTice, and will ccnnpleie I'erRpectivc and ScctiMual Drawings, and all requi- sac papers, (Caveats. Spcriliciitions. DisciauncrH, Aasignmcnts, Ac. .Mud make tlie propernpplications for the sccurnig of Letters I'a- lent, accordinj,' to law. MACMllMSTS AND INVKNTORS will save time, trouble and expense, hy first consulting him, and r.h** strKtest secresy will he observed, relative to their inventnms and claims. The (dRce is at present located in Centre Square, two daors south of the Lancaster Hank, wliere the list of patents granted snice tlie year 1790 to the present day can be exatnined, t get her with nu- merous specifications, drawings and models, and every iid'ormatioii o4)tiiined relative In the laws and rules of the l-'. S I'atent otfue. All tiic requisite papers, (Irawuiirs and models will be promptly and carefully forwarded t.. Waplnnuton city, free of charge by J. FRANKLIN RKIUaRT, Lancaster, Pa. - IJfe Insurance lor Blurses, *^€. THE American Live Stock Insurance Company, (Stockholders in- dividually Liable) for the Insurance of Horses, Mules, Prize Buih, Sheep, Cattle, 4-c , against Fire, Water, Accidents and Dia- eaM. Also, upon ^iiock driven to Eastern markets, or traaaportcd JOHN 11. FRICK. General Agent for remisylvania, rhiladelphm. HEFKHKNCKS : Wo(h1, Ablxitt fc Co., ) Truitt, Brother A. Co.. V Philadelphia. CtmteB & IJrown, ) JOHN ZIMMERMAN, Lancaster Pa. CHARLES F. FRICK, Reading, Pa. SAMUEL H. TAYLOR, Mauch Chunk, Pa. Dr. JouN O. ScovKRX, Vcteruiary Surr«5on, May, 1851.) Examiner for l^nnaatar Couitf^. - ■ ■ ^. — — — Wm. B. Wilbt, Job Printer, Lancaster, Pa. KrlLb-u'.ll <$• /)/jfison again call Lin ;itt 'ntiMn "f .\griculturi?l» to th«'ir various Cheuncai ManUM .-ind in -o dojn.i!;. they w(»uij be inM-iihible to commi'U Kratitude. it" tiny I'.iile(l to e.\i)rt;. t!i;iu ;L« teT'ders they make above ; and the certificates which they hew- with pre^cnt. In the offer of a test, it is not the amount innW e-d. liul the willingneFs to challenge result, that .«f>e;iks their In- tegrity and contidence. We conld :idd .any amount to the tofti niony wepubli>h; but if the nam. -^ we refer to. do nut C(»inmaD(l contid'uce no additional number could. We Inive never boajtcJ of the (luality of our article, we have been content to leave n de- cision to time, demand and exi)eriment. that has be('n in our fc- vur— lioping. if we have less ot •• Bi-pho.'sphate.s." the jjuhlir would discover it a.-; tiny would if it wa.s found we had more of '."anil' than any thing eis*'. K k.t ti.kwf.i.l & Datisow. ()f]'[ct ni Obtv 4' McConkry's. corner (if l.omhard and llunnMt Stmts. FiUloi y. Ftdernl Ilill. Bl I'llOSi'H \TKS. We keep couptantly (m Inuul this valuable manure. Bcafi with a proper portion (d the Sulphate of .Ammonin dis.'iolTnl ia Sulphuric Acid The ( hemiHtr^ of thi.s Country and F^urei-** hM» been preK^ing thin mode of n-ing bone-(lust up< u the sltin- tion (f farukcrs. with great 7,eal and ability of recent yeari«. K»- erv experiment h;ui confirnied the trulhlidne^'.'? of their thterj, and we hay.ard hut little in .saying llial in a very brief tiua-H will be Ut^ed in no other way. It is preparetl ,so as to be 8owii»ir ilar to the .«alt8. at the rate cf oin- or Iw.) barrels to the Hrre- The price of thin article \h ^\ })■ r barrel Let the tanner »b< doubts, try it at a lehs expense than tin- '1 t mode of Uaiiii; t' o<^ TOBACCO GKNKRATOR. K^Thi.s is a ch'-mical compound, ma ie expn\>-->ly fi^r the gri wthcf thn Tobacco plant. We will call un)rt; yj)eei;a utlenti"i; to it »t the proper tcafon. CHEMICAL RKSIDIUMS. We have rouhtantly on hand < hemieal IN-idium- ef fT^ drucription. Full infc^rmaiion of whii h can be h.nl by uppi)«6 ^'"combination of GROrXD PLASTKR AND POTASH. This \^ a preparstion made for .soil dellcient in Pot.ash. of whith d«ticicnry there iP. unfortunaU'ly, too many inf^tance5 in "'"^^^ our Maryland land. For thi.s compound we are indebted to tD? {«U|^ge«tion of an accomplinhed Aum iculturist of Krince (Joor|»» county, who may at nome future dry prtsent tlie re.iult of hn *'" Derlment. The price of thi.s is *■'! ;><) per birrel. DIRPXTIONS. ^ Tlie mode of UFing the Ilenovator i.s ,s;in}-le. i""'^P'"'''^'*' VI, ?«xiuiring hut little labor. The farmer must },.Mr in unu'l. tw In the preparation no manure a lair chance. Mow to put land in ^^ der he ought to know better than we can teach him; and n don't know, phould learn an .-peedily a.-> possible. '1 he l'^"^: /^ ^ in order if t>nr barrel to the acre ih u.«;ed- and thi.^ ^'''', Lvi ponds upon the (jnallty of the land — it .should, for grain b«' »^ broad euht. and slightly harrowed in. i r v » If two barrels arr ut'ed. one as stated above, and th'' otlnr ^^ top-drrsHing upon the wheat or rje. r.irly in tho ^'.""'f * ',, coBimencemeut of the flr^t thaw. Ipon gra.s.-^ it should D^ » ^^ broadcast np<.n the timothy or clover. C»n corn, either i' ' MUd or in the hill Where iwo barrels are n.'ed. one cacn '^ ; - TRlCt of the RI-:NUVAT0K, "^,20 TKR TON, or 'pi ^^ BAKHKL. _J^' — iiF.^^u'i I.. TiuiM s:r, (^uccf55or to Josejih V . 11. Coates.) r)cniler In Cira^s and C^ardcu sSeed** iS'o. 4'J, Market Street, Philadelphia. rfu'sler Couiitv .\;;;ricultural WAREHOUSE &. SEED STORE, ///g/t Street nmr the Horticultural Ilali^ wKs'i'CHi:sri:R, pa. ri^IlK 8ub«cribt*fs m CMHtieciion with th»'ir exfpn«ive _|_ Nursery (iarden, and (ireen House e8ti»i)'.i«liinent8, liave erected a large Warehouse, and will keep constantly on Irnid and forsile.a complete ussorimr-ut iic Fowls. Tiic Poland or I'oliKh Fowl. The Sp;ing'rd llamburgs— Tho Bolton Greys or Creole Fowls. The IJurnple.^s Fowl, the Silky and Negro Fowls. the Fn/./.led or I-'rie^land Fowl, the Ciicko,e Duck. This work iH well bound in mu.slin. md w printed on the Wst paper. 1 he ilb.istr.'itior s are eni^rared in tb^ most •iegnnt manner, from oriental and accurate drawings, and Ifce whole .9cne volumeot 480 page, duodecimo, price *1. A few copies have been colored ,. ftor nature. Price for id hv'Jh'. pTI •^•^^'- **''^^ "'^l- ^'y all f^>..k8eller8, «id by the Publieiicrs. E. H iniTFllR ,-t CO., ^**"«'"3^ a3 Mi^^a Street Philada: 1)mLAD};LPHIA .V LIVKllPOOL FLNF OF PACKFlS-'Po Bail from Philadelphia on the U)lh^ and from Liverpool on tlie 1st of each monih. From [Miila. From Liv<'rpoo!. Ship SIIFNANDOAH Ca{»t. W. P. Gardiner. New ship VVf.st.moRBI.AHD Capt. P. A . Decan, New sh'p SlIACKM.'^XON, Capt. W. H West. (Ajiril Ifiih 1.0th 15th May, L3th (April ^ Aug. (l)(iC, (May, <^Scpt (Jiin. i .1 lino •Ml.!. I lef>. , (July ) .Nov nth LOth irnh ];')ih L-ith l-^tb ■-);li June Isl Oct. iHt Feb. Im July 1st Nov. Ist MliT. 1st Aug. 1st Dec. l»i Ship MARY PLFAS.\NTS, (July l-^tb Sopt. 1st Capi. R. R. Decan, /.Nov. l');li Jui. let (. March l.Oih .May lirt 'Phe above first class ships are lim!' nt th,- best iiiaion- als, and commanded by e.xperifnced navi^'i'ors Due re- gfird has l)een paid to select mod. U for .s[)t rd wrii com- torl for pasHftigerfl. 'I'liey will >^:iii jiuncunllv oii iht.' days advertised, taking ud\antage ul ihe eteum tow liu.ita on the Delaware. Persons wi.-^bing to engage passage for their friends, roB obfaifi certilica'eH, wliicii will he good for twelve moiithn. Pues:igo to Liverpx'ol m ilie calMo, $-S() Forward cabin, 'JO Sfeeragp, T'i Passage from Liverpool in tho ca'.in, 1(H> Fo."v..ird cabin, 0'' " •• Steerage, 20 Those who wish to remit money, can be aceommodaied with drafts for X\ sterling aed upw.irds, at .-ii'^ir. w nhout discount. Ap[dy to GIlO .M(I{r:M:\' v.V CO. June 1, lt'>l. 37 \\alnut street. JOHN H. SMirii S RENOVATI.NG 0I.NT.)1E.\T m IIOII^E KL.NOV A'li r(l\VDER5. •^I ^H K. author of (ur exi'trnto- b.!"* ertu«ed to pr iw up ."p'litanw- X ou.'-'ly. tliroUKfo'Ut the wurll. -U' b vrj^etabb- prcp»rti>'.-> .i.^ will at onee cure, when prop.rly apjin i.all eurable di.'^easej*. 'I l)« proprittor of tb'-« .aluablc Medic ■.nc"* ini^lit fill a Toluin*. witli ( ertitieatts and 'I'e'-t imoniaN in favor (»f hi.>( artiele.s ; but eon.MideriiiK Fueh puffn wholly U'^ele--.*, hinee they are so readily manufaetured. and m de Uff of to !*ueh e.n extent to palm olT sorna u«ele.«s tra.'-hi up l'.,i!il,y ;ieti,)ii. S.WI1 >{'8 Ht >ovATiM#()rNT M » "avins. Sweeny. KintuLi. Strain.-* J.,iuieue3a, foundered hwU t rarks. and Scr.atehe? 'i"he nbove nrttclef" are to be had in ni'i-l ' f" the ( iti^'-i ntul prtn- cipal Vid.iire.- throught ut the Initcd ,- '. if •■ .m i lIici .-iri.d.i- For dale, wholesale an.l retail, at .i' lin II .^nuth'.s Deput. .No 133 Fulton Ktreet. ("Jd floor ) New \ nrk Trice. '2.'» rents per box fur the Ointment; f-O eetits f' r tto- Horse KenovatnifT i'l wderB l-.rsaUby Dll Kh\ l'AkK\. April bm] Ka»t Kinf? street. I.anra.stir. I*a. The TIKST and .MO<5T V AM'.\HI,K. Aji^riciiUiiral Iiiiplenients &, .>lau the Mtirylan^l State ..iprirulturiil Sorirty , At their ord Annual Kair. held in lialliiuore 23d. '24th and 15th Ortobor. 1850. For the be-t Plow in the Plowhij^ Match, th« Prouty & Mears .No .^i - MO 00 For th»» bent I'lowinj; with O.x Team came plow, (Special Prrmiuml - - 2 00 For the bent Flow on F.xhibition. HugKl*'''- Nour.«o, .Ma/ No 3, let ['rrmiuin, 8 00 For the be^Jt hdilway Horse-power, Whitman'rt ImproTed, Int I'muiuuj, ]f)09 For the be!-t Held Roller, Ist Premium. - - - • 8 CO For the bent C(.rn Stalk ( nttero nnl(jrind©ni,lat Prrminm. 5 (i« For the bent CbarriH, l*-! I reminm, 4 \jQ For th» best Hay and Manure Fork. l«t Premium, - - 2 •© For the beet Hay RakeB, Int Premiwm, - - - - 2 0« For th« l>«st CuitiyaUr, 1st Prfiuium, .... 4^ 192 ADVERTISEMENTS. [SFPTKMFirn, r->OU*'fe..UU >-« .^'^ "Get tBic 15eNt." \ LL young persons should have a standurd UICTIONAIIY at 1\. their elbows. And while you are about it t^tl the best; that Dictionary is NOAH VVKBSTKlfS. tlie .i??^^^/'")/.: abridged. If y(wi are too poor, save the amount from oil your back, to put it into your liead.--P/irfno/o^. Jowrna/. ^ Dr. Webster's j^reat work i.s the best Dictionary of the Kngli^h \\itt%\M\^i\— London Mornhiji Chrnnicle. This volume must lind its wjiy into all our public and good pri- ywte librarit-s. for it provides the J<:nglish student with a mass ot the most valuiible information, which he in vain seeks tor else- where.— London Litfrary Gazette. Tl»e very large and increasing dem.md lur Ihis work, affords the btst possilile evuhnct to the publishers that it is liighly '^acoeptiiltlc to the great brdy cd the Anieriran ).e;.].le "' Containing //n-ce /iw»e.s' the amount ot mailer of any i>tlnr I. n- gU.sh Dictionary compiled in thi.s country, or any Abridgnn ii( ol i^;i„(a.-ler city, at retail or l.y whole.lan by which old philosophical principles are Inn^ correctly and advantageously apfilitd than on any other .MachiDc This invention is secured iiy a caveat. Tliese .Machines can be had at Israel W. (JrolT's M;iclnnp Sh'f and at I'rime & (,'olestock's Sash factory in .Ndrtli Uuke stivw this work Publislieil Iv (J & C. .MKKUl \M. Sjirinrfi'l'l M'l''"^- 'i''''» <'"' sale by \V . H- yrANtJLLR, Lancaster. I'a. April, NEW YORK .4i;i 2< BiHisral Wiia elEOUsr & Seed Store, ib'.l and I'Jl W'nttr Shrrt. rpili.S is by far the nn)st extensive establishment in New Vork. X It occupies nearly the whole of three larg. live-story stoie^. Mid contains a varied and complete assortment .,f every deserip- , ^^ t,,,i„K-fnlly receiv-d and pr, inptlv utt. n.l. d t tion of Agricultural and Uorliculuaal Imjilenunls. and iMeldand 1 j .,,n.-r A „ril S\.\llll Garden Seeds re(j[uired in the United States. We liave ui.ward of One Hundred of the latest imj. roved !vinult of many yv;.r» trii.l; bis result has no parallel in the history of the past. 'J be .Agent ef the •• Pennsylvania Karm .lournal" i- theA(fP!: of «iilmore"s System of Hiving and 1' ceding the IJee in this Ststf Tlie price of a Hive and Fixtures i^'** *' '' • ** Family Right 3a Township Rights from !f.lO to !f2U. County •• " $30 '• $200. -A Talk about the Hf'ney Bee."' a defiance of Gilmore's «v- tern, contains, also, testimonials, awards and of "I'reat variety. W e also obtain, as soon as sunn ienii\ una I . "^ »•*..., r, .Hluvprovef very now ki„dor,v.a»uU.U.tob.c.,,,v..MHn,.,..^^ in the I niled totates. „ , ^ t> , IT. MAVN VRD. i-Vvff/ircrs.— Peruvian and Tatagonian Guano. Bonedust, Poud- ' rette. i'laster of Paris. <|*c. Manufactory of Jlfiricultural Implements. — Wc liuve a barge mfniutaVturing establishment in tliis city, where we will promptly make to ordir any new article or implement required by the Fur iner or Planter. Excelsior Sand Paper.— A new and very superior kind, of the different numbers in use by Machinists, Cabinet Makers, fee. The ^dmeriran ^ifiriculturist. a monthly publication (d" o2 pages. Price one dollar a year. A. B. Ald.h'.N ^:, CO . ;Vpril 189 and 191 Water-street. New Vork. April-tf Lancaster. Pa I lfliiiiit!sU'?i Ciic^i iiiaa Cattle Towtler. 1'»1I1S Powder is celebrated for the cure and prt-ventitm of all disea>-r-! to which Cattle, .\iilch Cows, Sheep a ud Pigs are subject, and is tlie only prep- uration upon which full contidenee can be placed. For .Mib h Cows it is of the greatest imporlanco, wonder- -xyiT^i^- -^i_l.u- luUy incr(>asing tlie quantity and C3^*&!^2^IS|^35?^"'.1js.^ quality of their milk, and will efTectually prevent and cure Hoi low Horn. Murrain, itc. VEGVyrABLE llURSi: rOWDKR. gi2,.f^. \S hich will cure Distempi-r. H idetiound. Loss of ^''^'- <7. Ajipidite, Founder, Yellow W.iltr. 1. owness of ^' '^'"^"' — "^T^ Spirits, Inward Sprains. lnllainaC;"n and Heat in M ^^^^ System, and all other diseases to which Horses »I*1 are subject. IIORSF KMBROCVTION,— For the cure of ig?iBI external injuries, as Wounds. Bruises, Cuts, Rub hing of the laddie. Collar or Harness, Stiffness in the Joints Swellings, Sweeny, &c. Prepared and sold at •^ ' CHARLFS A. IIKINITSH'S, Medicinal, Drug and Chemical Store, No. 13 l!:aj?t King st., April — tf Lancaster. SCATTKTK.OOD Si HOWELL, DESIGNING, DRAWING / 11 I I AVK been distributed thrnughiHit the Cnioii. The OOJic ^ X |_ has been in succv-stul operat mu for ujtwards of ^S'/J^W ''^^ and m.ay be .-aid to have grown uu with the ( ity of PhibiJ^^'i ',_ wht r,- il wa^ at liist located, ll 'has bt-en gradually enlarjl'y meet the growing wants of the pulilic, and is now. as it *-'^^^ ^^^ been, the most extensive of its kind in this country. ''^'"■^'^•!^- in cultivation being ten-fold greater than those of auj ^>c*^ concern in the Unite(l .States. .^j As th<' Seeds Sold by tie' ]>roprietor are (with slight cxcp^^ of his (uvn raising, la; is cuii.-r.juently, enabled to 017^ •)'*.:■ ll>> III . a matti r (d importance to the ]uir(diaser of an **'"' _ ''.j'^. HU.Tlity \v u raisiiig, Of receut 'I tation, and warranted to bi' as represented. nilt'." He 18, a!8o, manufacturing all tlienio>^t ^PPf^^^ed AgrK ^^^'j^^ Ancl Wood Etlp^ravillg i:'nl.l call the attentUMydrj^^^ Tj ./,. rr,, . , c. , , r^i I to a new article of J'low,ot ins own invention, called ^a» Inquirer JSuxldtvg, Ihird btreet.behw Chesnnt st., Extending Point, Self-Sharpening, Surface and SnhFod r»^ PUILADELPHIA. \ which for durability and easy of draft is yet "'^*'1"'^]',^'';,ti,rr» « WATr.RCoLOR DRAWnto, Portraits. BuiLDi!»o8, Machinery, Nkw« fAFER Hr.ADS, Labels, Seals, ^c. Drawn and KngraTsd in the Bbst manner and on the moat rca«oaabl« Terms. ApTU,-tf hicu tor (lurat)iliiy ana easy oi uraii is yei uiie()inii.-"- The great aMvant-igea these Plows possess over all otD ^ ^ ^,^ their peculiar eonstructicm and the substitution of *^'^*'*" ,L,air place of Cast-Iron, which only wants to be seen to beappr©f all of which will be sold ou the most reasonable P'ir^^r7(jf;B^ f -■ , /A \n|.. I. LA.NTASTKR, ?\., OPTOBKIJ, l^.)l. NO. 7. THE r AllM JUL 11 .\ A L. «. S. 1! \I l>i:>I AN. I'.diior. ^auzo,) if sunk in thr lieaps, might cau.sc thoin to loavo, as thi.^ suU^tiinoe is obnoxious to ninst in.soct?. Tlip FroTK'li roonmin."!,,! tinsvounMl m-o.;1 to bo laiil ii[)on inU'ctiMl wlioat, aa they aro .said to enter it and die there. -\. I.. II. The insect wliirh destroys the stalk of the Antwerp raspberry is the Ajrilu.'i riificvllis, i»f which we p^avo :vn aeeount (aeconipaniod by a figure) in the Quarterly Juurnul -f Science and Airrieulture in 1.^40. To Correspondeiifs. \\'.\i. Hartley, BalJ'ujd. Tiie jipLcimens sent by iMjtil inchide three distinet speeies. The larva is the uieal-ininn which jiroduces an inscH't named Ttucbrio wolitor, which is often found in mills, and is one of the speeies destructive to flour. The smallest bro^vn s|M'ciniPn amoni; the wevils, about an eighth (»f an incii l(>ng, is not a wevil, but the Silcaiiiis surinamcn- i/.v. whicli attacks grain. Tt is r.:i.]i]y dl>tlnguishf'd by a row of six spines on each sideot th.- thorax, as represented the agricultural part of t!i. Patenf ojicc licport for lh4".), pi. 2, fig. 24. 'Ihc r. niaiuiiig specimens are true wevils, and s vin to be Siinp/n'iu.^ (/ratiaritts, which is widely spread in Kuropc, and occurs also in -Java. It is tig- ujvd in the before mentifmr.l vobun-, p!. L\ il^r. lM. and described in nearly ,i hun^ir.'d .liH-r.Mit u-rks.— Schoenherr's description i-^ )„i: Imit lines hmg, ;ihd iP't suflicient fur iIp' i^Li-tiiieut i, .n nf the speeies. ;in.i wc have nut ti.,p. t- uvaI. Wmh .y r.^mu-u-l-^^u^ the Vresent month. In t!w ni..an tin,, we enumerate -^ome <,f the m.^les ^f u.unieracling it-^ ravages. Kiln dryinir the wheat destroys tie' insect, larva} and eggs. Mr. Wilkinson had a large eliamlier capa- h\- of holdmg eight hundred bags nf ^^ hoat at a time, |wlnrb was heated by means .fl,,, wat-r pipes to i;];> degrees Fahrenheit, a L.u .uiWr\.ni to kill tie " --••t. without preventin.^Mle. ^rain fmrn >^. NV . vds do not like to be disturb,.!, and may Uiert^ fore be driven from heaps .f wheat by frequent ^hnv- <^lnig, or passing it throijo-h a fin nr I i • J,- , ^ v-^" ifc lan or suint machine. .1 te same tmir Mnal! heapv- nf who^t are left un- | York Stato i.«^ sutJVring fr-.m the l,IIi;hr. Aeeount- ,""'''V'/'^""^" '■'""• "•■»">■ -^^^ 1- attraet.d l.v tli'Mu. and \ir n\\ n ^IjmiM nd be of <'f(ual interest. W •' lii'p' that thr sn^r^r,,„i;, .f, ,,{• ^j,,. jj,.,^ \ () Ilev'ter, (sc- pa,-.- li-T) will hr act- d uy^u, and a strong petition he M-nt in b- t!ie next Legislature m favnr ( fniK' (ir ninre agricultural (•■ 1!.-. ■>, which we re^rarl a< th'- rhi-'l' lU'-ans led i.nly '■!' aii\ anting a"-ri- cultun\ hut -frhxating tie- L'''Ti-ial standard of aea- demieal an 1 collegiate education amongst us. Uur o\Nn views nmy be learned to some extent from our notice of Mr. Hus^ell's plan on page 59, and if we have adniitt'-d articles c(.ntaining diff-r.-nt id. -as, it was that both sid.-s might bt} hear.). \\'.- .-.xpei t to n-turn t«. tlu.-^ sub;e(-t in a futur." nundxT. ipp A-^ th ^ grain is ^b..l,wth, ""7" "/'■"•'™"3' Mack^i a few inches ;-. or bottle, of xt, (uncorked, but covered with VOL. I — I. TuF, roT.\T0 "Bi.nniT. The j)ot}ito crop in X-w ^ >..... .1... i/.i(_^iij. ..II 1 >/ulHvS ()t disease have alr(\idy bct-n rec(Mved tri.m nin.' i->>\in- ties, viz: .Madison, Ontario, Krie, Livingston, ( i-ne« SCO, AVycming. Onundagn, Oswego and C/urtiand. — In the three latter, the Syracuse Journal says, the rot is extensive, and the farmers are generally digging and sending t<> market May, 1851. 192 ADVERTISEMENTS. [Sri'TFAn-i-p "Get I8ic Ki.sl.'' \ LL young persons should have si standurd DICTIONAIIY at 1\. their oibows. And whih" you an; about it n;et the best; that Dictionary is NOAH WKbSTKR'S. tl»e ^^iT-fi^ iror/.: abridged. If y(ni ari' to(j poor, save the amount from off your back, to put it into your head.- Phrenolof:;. Journal. Dr. Webster's great w(^rk is tlie best Dictionary of the Englihh lutixuan<*.— Lor/rfon Morning Chronicle. This volume must find its wiiy into all our public and good pri- va/te libraries, for it provides the Knglish student with a mass ot the most valuable information, which he in vain seeks lor else- where.— London Literary Gazrtte. Tlie very l.iige ami increasing demand for this work, affords th« bust possible evidence to tlje publishers that it is highly '' accept.'iblc to the great brdy ot the Anicrir;in )n'Oi.le."' Cohtainiog time times the amount ot luulLtr of any otlirr Mn- giish Dictionary compiled in this country, m- any Al)ridgment of this work. TuMi.^hed hy d & C.MKKHIXM. Spiiu.Lrticld. Mass.. mid Lt sale by \\ . II. .'^rA.Niil.KK, l.anea.slcr, I'a. April, NEW YORK Atrr^i eiaUiial ^Vaa-clfiousc' & Seoil Store, 1S'.» (Uid lUl li^dtrr Slrrrt. '^j MlIS is by far the most extensive e-lahli.-hiiHnt in .New ^ dik. X It occupies nearly the whole of three liir^M tive-story .•^t'>ren. Mid contains a varied and complete asM'rtnient of every de^ riyt- ti'Ui (d' .Agrieultiiial and liorlieuUural 1 nijilennnt.s. and 1> Hid and Garden Seeds re(iuired in the United States. We have up\\ard of One Hundred of ihe latest improved kinds of I'lows. m(»stly ni;in- ulaetured by us. expressly for the dillerent Statts <. Keaj)- ing and Mowing Machines. Hay. Cotton. Tobacco. Oil, :in I Dry (.iood Tresses. Brick .Macdiines. Sliovels, Spades. Hose. .Manure and liny Forks. &c.,&c. Garden Implements. — 'J'hese are imported liv us direet from the English manufacturers, or made here to our order, 'ihey cou.-ist of a great variety of the choicest kinds such as Trencliinii and Weeding Forks. I'runing and Hedge Shears. Flower and Twig Colters, &c. The assortment for ladies is particularly choice and well selected. Field and Garden Seeds. — Those are grown exprcs.cly for us both in Furope and this c»»untry. They are of the choicest kinds I.MI'ORTANT TO FAKMI:RS And Tliie^^liiii^ Maeliujie Makc'r^^. '^'^HK subscriber respectfully begs leavtj to inform th.- putlir X that Ik- h;i> lately perfected a new Threshing Macliine and Hdrec Power, which in point of strength, durability, lightness of drauifht and conveoience in moving is not surpassed or eipialled hy aLv -Machine in the l^nitevprai yeart; exiK-rionre and hard study. We do not clainj to have (li>- covered any new principle in jdiilosophy— but wedoolaini to havp discovered a plan hy wiii«h old philosophical principles are more correctly and advantat,'enii-ly ajiyjlicd than on any other .Machine This invention is .-ecnied by a eaveat. Tliese Machines can be had at Israel W. rrroJT's Machine 8h' r. and at Prime A: Colestocks Sash Factory in North Duke ,L reasocablir terms. The Puwer 'v«'!_dis GdO poiunl.-!. It is made entirely of Iron w/h St<'vl .Journals, and is warranted to hoM S llor.sr.^^ ,>^hnuld it ;u t time be iM'ce.-sary to use so many. From 1 to 4 Dorses ari' a Miflit lent number for eoiniiKin thre.siiing. We are iihout trcttiDi; up Oiu' mneh lighter for Shop j,uri>oses that will he the clie.ape.^t anJ m(tst e-.nvenient thing in use; it might also be u?^ed with 2orv IIor.>-es inr llire.'-hing; the i'.iwers and Cylinders and Coiirave can he hail hy tlie .Machine makers throu^'liout, the country on the nnist rea-ages. Price one dollar a year. .\ h. .\ I.I.FN .Sc- C( > . April 189 and lUl Water-street, New Vork. *■ lat'nlit^!l''s dieiiiian latMe l»o\V€ler, JJM.^^ rr^HlS T'owder is celebrated fnr the J cure and prevention of all dis(>a>i''s to wliich Ciiltle. Mibdi Cows.Sheepand Pigs are suhjeet. an^ external injuries, as Wounds Bruises, Cuts. Hub Vdng of ihe Saddle. Collar or Harness, Stiffness in the Joints Swelliugs, Sweeny, &c. Trepared ami sold at CHARLFS A. HFIMTSH .S, Medicinal, Drng and Chemical Store, No. I'! Fast King st . April — ti Lancaster SCATTERGOOD .^ TIOWELL, PKsi(;xiNG, drawim; And Wood ]L:uu;ravl!ii; i:fs(a8)lis1i«!iienl. Inquirer BuiUivfr^ Third i(low Chesnul st.. rUILADELPIIIA. ■Wi.Tr.RCoLOR Drawiwo, Portraits. Buu.oi-«o8, MACHmERT, Nkw« rAPRR Ilr.ADs, Labkls, Skai.8, Sfc. Drawn and Kngravfld in the Best manner and on the moat rcaeonable T^rma. ApTU,-tf ^ ^ 11 AVF been distributed thrnwghout th(> Cniim. The coticT' has been in succ-sful ojierat'.nn for upwards of >'/-r/i/ i'"'' and m.iy be said to have gmwn up with tin- ( ity of PhiluJ«*lp^'* win r • it was at lirst loeatt d. It has l>ccn gradually enhtrgciM*^ no'ct the growing wants of tlo- piililic, ,ind is now, as it ever t'|-| been, the mostextensive of its kind in this country. Thegreuouj in cultivatit)n being ten-fold greater than tho.se of any ^^iBi"*■ concern in the llniteil .States. As the iSecds Pold by the jiropriefor are (with slight cxceptKr. of his own r.'iising. he is cMiiscjuent ly, eii.ahled to lH/'* li'"^'^'"'* i/u//t . a mattt r ot ini[)"rtancc t m the jinri !i.i-''r of an article. t'l' ({uality of which c;innot he determined by the eve I'e.script"''" t atalogues in Knglish and (iermati gratis Also for sale. Implements for F.irm and ( iarden in large ^^rh'. LANDKKTirS Agrieullur.il Ware llou.<:t'. April Sign ot the I'iough, Ci> Chesuut st., Philadelj'ln* Seed and .\;i;ririjltnrul ^^ arelioiise. No. '20. Market Slrcct, VhiUi. "IirHl'dvl' the Buhscrihcr has oocjied an extensive assortitipnt '"■ " (.RAss AM) (iAKDFN sKKPs, of li IS o wu ra isi ug, Of receut uop^' ' tati»)U,aud warranted to he as repfseiited. He 18, also, manufacturing all tlicnio>tiii<:uished ly a row of six spines on each sitleof ilic tlmrax, as represent"t 8utii(dent fni- tho idontiliraiion nftho -j.^des, and v.-o hav^Mud tiiiio tn juakr furthT c.-nipari^on^ the ^^resont month. In tie- ,M..an li,,,.. ^^l ,.,miiu. rat.- V nioof the m..,h'.^ «'r<'nuntora.tiii- ii> ra-.a-es. Kiln drjin- the as ho.u destroys th.> in.sect, Larva) ''^iid e^rjrs. Mr. Wilkinson had a h.r-o .han.her eapa- »>lo of holding eight huii, In, I 1,;>_-. ,d nv h. .u at a time, vrhu-h was hetited hy moans nf Ind wat-T pip... to l.^) 'iogroesr.dir, nh.it.:, h-.tt M:ir!oi..nt to kill th.. in- ject without pnA.ntin,:: the grain IVnm gonninating. >V evils .lu n.,t like to he dhsturh.-h and mav there- <-re be driven from heap, nf wh-at Ly frequent shov- ^I'ng, or passing it through a Ian or smtit machine. H at the same time .^n.all h.>aps of wheat are hft nn- •^^-'^''^^'•"l I'rs.mo tim.. niany wdl be attracted Lv ^ '7- --i di Int. Test, and we lean; t! at various matters are in pr. parati(m of an in.>tructi\-t» and pleasing nature which will x. .ll repay a visit, even fn-m the adjoining States, Tho \ew Vork ex- IiiLitions have become so popular that they attract a crowd (.f lOO.OOO person., ami th oi'...'|!ial interest. A\ '' h-p:> that fh.' sugir.'.vti-n .^f th- Ihn. A. O. Iliestrr, (ser pag.' K'?) will h.. a.'t.d up^^n. and a strong pi tit:.. n h.> s.-nt in t.) th,' n.\r !.• gi.shature m fav..r .d'.'U'' or in..r.' agricultural (■■■ll.'g. -., whirh we rc-ard a< th.' .hi.-l' m-'ans n.jt only of a.]\ anciii'- a-ri- culture, hut .d'(h'\ating the general standard ..f a.-.a- demical and collegiate education am..ni:-t u-. (>ur o^vn view.'? may be h-aried to some extent iV ni our notice of Mr. lui^-.'ll's plan ..n })age 50, an 1 if \sc hav.' admitt.'.l arti.'lcs ci.ntaining difformt hi. -as, ii Nva^ that hoth side.- might h.' heard. \\'.' .'.xpcct to return to this subject in a future numhcr. TuK T'oT.\T0 BLKiiiT.— The j)otato er^p in \rw li'ork i^tate is sutfcring from the blight. A.'cers — Drouyht in Buchs county. Mr. Editor:— Yours of tlio 10th Inst., rt'inindin;:; mo of my promlso to commuiiicato somotliinf^ for your valuable journal after harvest, I received Ijy due courao of mail. "VVliat I had reference to in my arti- cle last spring, was principally the result of the ten acres of " i/ret'?i coriC' 1 had plowed down for wheat; and in fuliihiient of that promi«e, I now^ state that the result is quite as good as that cf last year, tlie yield hein<'' at least tliirty i)ushels to Ihi- arre, tiic -nmc as the remainder of tli(^ iil'iy arr.'s scclr,! i:i the u-.ial way. I am now satislicd, that where" grouo'l i-^ in good heart and hfftrif'/ Ji'/iK (!, two husliels (»I" rr.vn to the acre, sowed broa(k*ast about tip l^'tii mIMuiu', Idt "•row until well out in tassel, and tlicn tlunoiKjhhi plowed under, will produce the sanu» beneficial result as the usual amount of manure upon the same .i^round. This remark not only applies to the wheat crop, but to the grass afterwards. Believing that T h;ivn this year manure sufficient for all purposes, and having no field that I could con- veniently spare, I did not sow any corn broadcast. — I am now sorry that I did not do so, for if I had not used it for plowing under, it w^ould have answered a valuable purpose for feeding my cattle this dry sea- son. I shall not willingly let any year again pass without pursuincT my fav-a-ite pbn. This has been a very dry season in iliis portion of Bucks county, and the result will be light crops of corn and potatoes. The early part of the spring was cold and wet, and farnvTS were backward in getting in their corn, and in many cases when got in, the ground was too wet. I Imvp ah- ait f.>rty a^ros in corn, nearly all hcnivily niaiuircd; lau the loul: will be little more than onc-lialf nl" what I ;intiri).at upland equally well manured and better cultivat< d. will not produce half that amount. As I passed liirough Lan- caster county the latter part of June, I could not but contrast the appearance of the corn there growing, witli that of Bucks. Wliilo that in your county was three and four feet high, much of ours was litthiinor* than a foot above the ground. Indexed, in somooa?'^- in this county the corn was not planted until earlv ii June. The present montli, thus f\ir, has been unusi; ally warm, and we have had several refreshin;/: ruli;. which will helf» on the late corn, if not overtaken t<.' soon with frost. In addition to the drought of the season we lia\' been visitcd in many sections of our county witli n:v riads of Crftss-JiopjKr.t. The destruction eaust'v tht* f^ribs- JK.pjiers, and tliis to such an ext.'nt tiiat many of th- lleMs looked as if they bad be(^n I'l'ru'J. Aftor (If- stro\ in'j- tla- lastur^'s, thcv ;i;tai k^d lb" iields of jjui-i;- wheat and corn. Tii'^y rat up. foi- in'\ two acres cf buekwlu^at, and part^ of my fin Iields look as i( u hail storm 1i id passml through them. After cult":!:' the tender part of the blade, they likewise eat up th- silk and upjuT part of the ear, and in s tin- ^am ■ a> those we annuiilN meet with, for tbo d'-trm-tion caUM'd bv them ai- pears unprecedented, rrid^aldy your intelligent P!.:- ladelphia correspondent, wIk. ha> given mii(di att-n- tion to insects, would enlighten your readers up- this subject. To L:;i\c \ on. a proper \^\<'[\ of wliat some fannn laiin-'d. I \\;i8 0<''ni pelle'l t'j keep this ii.'ld joi- my eattb', and to cut ■• a patch of corn fodder and feed lo lIuui in addition thereto. Tlie top-dressing of manure kept the grounu moir firty head of cattle, n'^ ^ome rea'-oji there were but few gra--liop}>ers in tiU' field. The clover in my oat stubh> fiibd, and 1 ^ now plo\N in:; it up f>r \\Iieat \sitbout manuring, **' take the })laen of the held lelainiMl f )r pasture. ^^'^ need not, therefore, next year expecL to hear of anj large er(p of wheat (m my farm. WlIJ.TAM SlANtU. rurtri'J'l'^ UuJI Fijrm, Bucks CO., Si'i't. 15, 1851. vll.] C0MMrXICATI0X5;. 10.1 \ % f lluw often do men mistake the love of their c^ opinions for the love of truth. iTaiiiinuuhatioiiij. ^»^ pnouuiatie tniu-di { fh}. \.) into the TKANSI..MKIJ roil TME FARM JoLUVAJ.. Agricultural C'lirmlslrv. .Nil, i!. !i tving tlius sliown the importance ai:d direet iii- ;'.aence (d' eliemistry in agi'Ieultare, W(» sliall jnvKjoed ••» itrescnt a ctmcise view of agricultural chemistry :s.df. \('.:eiable bodies in general eoi'.sist of two classes i sedistances, n{ \vhi«di the one is term-'d the o;v/^/y//e r combustible, and the <)t\\vT i\\o inor<>'iiiu- or ine«»in- !iii>tihhi eleni-'uts of plants. ' h" theso constituent pints, the organic are in ell veg<»tables the more ;diundant in (piantity — composing fiom VMi to *l'.) per e. at. of their entircj w«Mght. I'iie organic |>ortion, ri;:a:n. e(.mprises various elements. By tlie term 'I'hi'fiis, or fundamental sub.-tanees (sometimes also a!le 1 original or simple substances,) we understand iiij.se bodies which are regarded as simple, because liitlierto, science has not succeeded in decompounding dicm — though it seems pndjable that the decomposi- ii'iiofmany of the su!)st'\nces now callcvl simple, v.ill yet be efl'ected. The present number of su»di •lemeiits, or simple substances, is fifty-eight. Of tiiese four are leriform or gaseous, two are semi-l!<(uid, tifty-one are solid, and one has n(tt vet been reduced to its true form. The organic portion of vegetables consists of the four followinir elements — oxviren, lu- Togen, liydrogen and carbon; though all of tliese are Mor ). resent in all plants. The most important of these elementary substances .s "u-yyf/i— sometimes called vital uir. This is a j)e- ' uhar kind of gas, contained in the atnmsjdiere and in Water, and ha'.ing a tendency to unie' .nel com- h'.nc with almost -very o;],, r s- ed into its elements, mercury and oxygen, both of wliich pass off in a ga.^eous state. The mercury con- denses in the interposed reservoir, while the oxygen passes on and is received in tlie air-jar. Niirofjan is a gas differing very essentially from oxygen. In pure nitrogen, animal life h instan a- !^rp# ■ "^v£-aS: 13^?« .J i* «sw^»^k '«f.3 .A jvi<" -i,' ,'..'. V 'i*ST-. -Jfl VwCH"/?! u,iii 106 COMMUNICATIONS. [OCTOHER, ■ lb51.] COMMUNICATIONS. 197 noously cxtinp^uishod, and it will soarcoly combine with any otiior substance AtmDsphoric air consists principally of nitro^on; it ftiruis four-tlftli^ oftho air we broatho, l)Ut mixiul with oxy;»;cn, whereby its pow- er and effectH are modified. Nitro^ron is a principal constituent of both vo;];etablo and animal bodies; bu* 'A^ it cannot be inhahul in itH purity, it in introduced tlieroin by varioun processes, a.-^ will be seen hereaf- ter. Nitro;;en is s]»eciiically s ur) in it. It is readily procured by the decomposiri' of water (which contains it in the greatest ahnu ance,) !»y means of the ^rialvanit; ]>yle. This 's cjV.^, ed hy acidu!at:n;j; water with a lew dr()|)s of snlplim aci. (Mdorine sented in fin. 7. A nuantitv of iron or zinc, insiu. « 1 la. ' w 11 ;• 'rn ■(• -'I 1' 1 1 . i \ i 1 gas is evolved in the flask, from a mixture of two 1 jyarts hydrochloric or nuiriatic acid and one part powdered peroxid of manganese, by the application of heat, and is conducted through a l)ent glass tube into a glass jar or reservoir containing the aqueous solu- tion of ammonia. The resulting nitrogen passes off through another glass tube provided for it, and is'ctd- lected in a suitable receiver in the pneumatic trough. It is a fixed gas which has not hitherto been reduced to a liquid form by pressure, on the application of artificial cold. It is specifically lighter than air, and is not chemically combined with the oxygen of the atmosphere. Hijdrogen \b a gaseous element, capable of combin- Fig. 7. pieces or fragments, is put into the flask, wliicli then closed tight by a cork through which is insort<'>l a funnebtopped glass-tube for the introduction < sulphuric acid, and another straight tube for tlic < cape of the gas evobcMl. The diluted acid is pour in through the funnel, and the gas is convoyed 1 the other tube to the receiver standing in the pno matic trough. Numerous bubbles are immediate' evolved, on the introduction of the acid. After U prcK;ess havS continued a few minutes, a small q»an tity of gas is passed into a vial {to test its quality 1',^ combustion. If it burn steadily, without explosior the gas is pure. Carbon is a solid combustible clement, having th*" property of uniting readily with oxygen, thus passing into a gaseous state and forming a 8ubsUinc« of very I .'reat importance in the vegetable economy. In all '"iV^os of combustion, or the putref ictive decomposition f animals or plants, and in every act of respiration v living creatures, carbon and oxygen ombSne and K'Upo into the atmospluTe in a gaseous (brm, as car- Miiic acid. Not the smallest plant can grow and hrivc. unless it imbilx^ and appropriate a portion of \{\^ acid, decomposing it into carbon and oxygen ,n,l using the carbon as its chief element. Other (dementary substances likewise are contained ,v various plants, and are of essential importance. — Nuli are : — 1) CJthrine. As a simple substance this is pr^n iirahlo only in the form of ^^i^i'.^. For this pnrjiose ix T.arts of nuiriatic acid are poured on one part (»f i.ulverize, in a flask, which i.' M }io then heated in a small bath. Th.- chlorine gas ij^vcleped is washed by passing it through a second ar called the " wash-bottle," {fuj. 8.) containing wa- sup})orts the combustion of many. It is a consti^tuent of a large number of plants, and is indispensable to the ♦j-rowtli of those in which it is found. It is the most Fig. 8. T. and is then collected in vessels containing liot v.Uer. As chlorine is much heavier than atmosphe- '• air, it may be collected by passing the conducting uhe down nearly to the bottom of the receivijig jar ,/e/. 0.). "While the chlorine o^as enters below, the fig. «. 'niospheric air is discharged above. When the jar " hottle is full, which may be known from the green- di color of the gas, it should be closed tightly with ■' -rreased stopper. Chlorine is one of the heaviest ' the gases, 100 cubic inches weighing 7G.J grains. lystance being thus ascertained, it follows that it would be iniiidicious to calcine bo. To oLtaiii silicon in it8 piiro state, tho doiiMe fluorid of silicon an residuum is treatcMl with water, wlucli takin;^ up from the atmos[)h<'re, even wh.^i not burn- ins;, — :tnd it is luminous in tln^ dark. Phosphorus is prc^piinnl in lar;!;e rpiantities from burnt bones, which contain it in tlie ].hos])h;it<' of l!nr\ The bones are first boiled to rem<;ve the j^idatine, and arc then calcinfMl until they become quite v/hite. After bein;^ pulverized, they are di«;este«l in dilut<^ sul})hu- rle acid. Af^'r standiii*^ a day or two, the clear li- , . , ... . .. ., ,.. (piid is decanted fn»m the siMliment, or j)assed throu;!;h ' dissolves the fluorid of potassium, and the pure sili- a iilter to free it from the insoluble sulphali' of l;m<», i con remains. Tlie silicon thus obtained is a dark resultiu*: from the action of the oil of viti-l(d on tlie ' ])rown powder, without metallic lustre, and is a {'»•»- bones. It is next evaporated to the consistence of ble conduetor of electricity. syru]), mixed with p-.d vductive; as is shown by tlj. _j;as(*s evolved. The ri'tort Ix'inii; ])laced in a furnace chalk lands of En;;land, whicdi arespecilily impruw Ls very ;;radu;illy bi-oiioht to a red heat, (las alon<* ;in,l become fertile on receivinir a dressin"- of siunl— is evoived by vti]M.r the cultivated i^la^its, i)ani(:ularlv the cereal "•r;liu^. which becomes con r*^- which it flows into the rtort. Piios- nuich silicious earth for their ;;rowth. phorus is never found free* in nature, thoui;h it is a | su])stance of the utmost imnortance in the cultivation I i\vT.-r,.p.^ i\'i,m • ii r x^ v vV I . I 1 t)TAio JvoT. — >> hue our neighbors of ^s, as without its in-eseniu'i the irrains at.,^ .w.i.,, . ,*., i it c^ i. i • • * *. , T . . I -^iJi^-^iuduiseits, and other States are complamm^"! cannot be iterit'ctlv formed. It exists in som;* com- ' .], , ^,,f,,,. ;„. ,, i r xi . , , , r , . . . ' ' , , , . p , , I the extensive pr(*valence of the potato rot, thus far. lunation \n almost i\\\ i>iants: and is iouud, as ])hos-i ^^ i „. . i . . i i • ^ /> . , , n ' ^ T . . , ^^^' *»'^^^^ "<^'iiJ'*^l nocimiplamt from anv ])ortion ot our ]>liat(* oi lime, m th(* Ixjiev-; of animals. It is msolu- , , c*. ♦ t • ,. ." . . , , , . , ,.,,,,.,,, nwn^tate. lu our own immediate vicinity, the carlT ble m itiire watiu", Imt r(*adilv soluble m alcohol or i .,. ^ it , , ' ' n 1 ' potatoes were never hner. How the later ones >vhi oil: and its solutions have tlie smell and taste of . „.„ .,<.,•-! xi , ^ turn out, remains to bo seen, though from })res(n; ^^^,/^**.,. n^^' ' ^ . • appcarauces, wc (lo uot auticipato tlic prcvalcuctM 1 4) Siliron. 1 his IS a suhstance as vet very miner- xi , ,. . x • , , .•'•'» 1 the rot to any serious extent. ft»ctly known, though of great importance to the far- n^er, being the chief constituent of silicious earth and of pure sand. As it do(>s not occur pure in nature, it is rarely sccmi even by cliemists; and the ])repara- tion of it is a difficult pnu'css. In nature, it is f)und only in combination with oxvgen, ((r silica, and is one isr>l.] ^o^ t -^ t XTrATTONS. lOf^ Fig. 11, 1 1 NoTUiNu sits so gracefully upon cliildren nn-' mak(*s them so lovely, as habitual respo(»t and diitilii' deportment towards their parents and their superior? f ,, i 1 1 i. 11 , . , TuF' influence which woman exerts is silent anJ of the m..st ,il,„n,l;,nt as ^v,.ll a. most important sub- s,iii, f,,,t rati,,.,- tl.an soon, not .•l,ai„i.,.^ the h>mb- stances known, tonst,tut„,g in-obal)!y oue-aL\tli part but rostraiuini; our actions bj- gliding inlo the lieaii- W^ •■ Mi^ m ■ I. »W «■ l< H >>l»riug \l lieat. This grain is already very important to large farm- in.^ districts in Pennsylvania and may most profitably l.t.'^ciiUivated in many parts of the State where winter wheat in a great nnvasure fails. The (dejections urg(Ml a;,'ainst it generally, are three. 1. That it is inferior in ((uality. 2. That it is liable to smut; and 3. That it is an uncertain crop owing to its being so frequent- ly blighted and shrunk by mildew. But from an ex- perience and examinations of seven years I am con- vinced that these o])jecti(ms aro ii-t \\oll ;, rounded. As ill all (Tops, the (pialWy d-ji'Mh!- nnic!: u;i"'i culti- viition. AVith good cullivatioii the h;i!'';in \\h-at weighs sixty to sixty-two pnmid< and yi'M- forty to forty-three pounds of sup(>rfine tl(»ur t ■ ili' l'U>iii.-l. — The flour, although not quite as white, makes as good l.road as any wint<'r wheat, h lias usually a slight wllowish tinge. If wheat were not too m?/eA judged of by the whiteness of its flour, I (h)ubt not that good Italian wheat would soon rank as high in the market a.'* Mediterranean winter wheat. The second objection is entircdy obviated l>y a pro- per preparation of the seed, I have had no smut for many years except where I have sown wheat without washing and liming. >Iy process is to wash my wheat thoroughly in strong lime, which raises to the j«urface, all oats and other light seeds, which are xkiinmed off. AVhile wet it is thrown upon the barn tloor and finely^ pulverised qui* k lime in small quantities is sifted over it. Th»^ whole is so mixed that every kernel is coated with lime. It may safely be left in this way for several days before sow- ing. If sown immediately, the lime is unpleasant to the hand, and to prevent its injuring the sower a small quantity of gypsum is scattered over it. Xo Fiuut is ever fouri'l in -j'rinL": wheat prepare 1 ia this nuumer. The salt, iiiue and -xp-um ar-' all ;i Imira- hle manures. I have tried the Baltic wheat, which \^ said to l>e successfully cultivated in Verinont, but it is great ly inf.'rior in quality as well as quantity to the Italian. AVm. JEShtr. , Montrose, Aug. K't, 18ol. Education of ^'armcr^' ?>. ighters. No. 2. Mr. Spanoler: — Agrei>ably to promise, I offer a few more suggestions in re'j;ard to the iMJucatiim of farmers daughters, bidieving, as I before asserted, that the c.'!u:ini- of your valuable Journal should not be entirely monopolised by the "lords of creation." The very prevalent but (erroneous idea, that woman is mentally inferior to man, has exercised a powerful iniluence upon tin? mind of the farmer in regard to the education of his daughters. Many parents con- ceive their dau;rhters fit onlv to become familiar witli household duties — to spin, sew, knit, understand cu- linary operations, and atiend to household affairs "•enerally. All these duties should be thoroutrhly understood, and the parents who neglect instructing tlKin in these important departments, arc scarcely less remiss than those who neglect the cultivation of their int.dlects. Fortunately, however, this perni- cious error is fast dying away. The sclio(d houne and newspaper are shedding abroad through the land their genial intluences, and fast dispelling the cltud^ that have hitherto intervened between the minds of many persons and the ediu'ation of their chiMreii. Speaking of woman's natural inf'riority, recalls sclnuddiov associations. How (»ften have we seen bovs made to blush at their ov/n ignorance in the re- citation room, as the girls at their side would prompt- ly answer the questions which had sor 'ly puzzled them. And yet, when arrived at a suitable age, the boys are sent away to academics, boariling schools and colleges, while the girls, according to hmg esta))- The third objection is ob.ia.t d bv eailv sowing.- ^'•^^^''^1 ^"^^^tom, have their places assigned them in the hi large districts In ii,o uortheni put M the State it kitchen, to perforiii the drudgery there. Now is net is difhcult to plow early. The .,,il is ;i heavy clay | th's morally wrong.^ f.. say nothing .d* the partuility and loam and retains the water very long. It is ab- solute ruin to th'b crop to plow while wet, and conse- quently the farmer who relies upon spring plowing f<>r his wheat will be unable to sow before the last of April or the first of May— a month too late here. — The phtwing must be done in the fall and the sowing at the earliest practicable day after the frost is out liown the boys, is it not a pernicious error, to endea- vor to impress upon the minds of the future mothers and heads of families that their .sex is unfit for any other duti(vs than those which ill advisid economy ha?' for centuries assigned them. Vou, Mr. Editor, should give the aid of your pen in behalf of the emancipation of our farmers' girls from the cruel and unjust servi- .f the ground. The best spring wheat in quantity , tude to which they are subjected. But understand Uid quality, which I have ever known raised, was i^^e, I do not by this mean that our girls should not be tau'dit to work, or that they sh..uld have a fash- upon a green sward, which had been turned under late in November and upon which the wheat was sown without further plowing, the latter days of March. — A very light dragging lengthwise of the furrow, bc^ fore sowing and the wheat lightly was dragged in so as not to raise the sod. Sown in this way it will be fit to harvest the latter part of July. Wheat which ripens in July is seldom affected by mildew. Two buahels of s«ed should be sown per acre. ionable boarding school education— be taught to de- spise honest industry— to prefer crochet work to the knittin*'- of good warm hose for themselves and fath- ers and brothers — to thump fashionably upon a guitar or piano, and not know how to cook a potato or fry a beefsteak. I would have them instructed in all use- ful branches which would fit tliem, when done witli their household duties to sit in the parlor and ccn • 200 COMMTTNICATIONS. fOcTHTlFR . verso intelli/^ontly. 1 would have tlicin fiuniliar with history and j^ooo-raphy, and thorou^lily vorscd in <^ramniar, and when) time and opportunity allowed it, the more elegant branches sliould be taught them. This would fit them to lay the foundation for the education of their own children, independent of the schoolmaHter. AVho will pretend to estimate the im- mense change that would be wrought in the intelli- gonce of coming generations, if the mothers that are to be, were educated sufficiently v.cll to enable them to impart the rudiments of all tlr ii.i[. itani branches of education, before placiiij; th- m un.l.i- tlio cnrr (,{' teachers, who, unTirtunal.'lv, aiv tw,. I'iv.jik ntK bet- ter (junlified to dig lii.ui Ir.iin yiHithfiil int^lleets.— Ifow greatly would it enhamre the respect which children entertain for parents, if they fbiiml in ih. m competent instructors, ready and willing to assist them in their studies and give them the inlbri.ialiim they generally are unable to procure i'n^m e.imtry schoolmasters. What more enchanting sight than that of an intelligent mother laying the foundation of a son or daughter's future intellectual (hiveh.pment. Ibtwkind and l)atient her teachings. I'uderstanding billy the temperament and abilities of her child she adapts her system of teaching accordingly and the < onsetpience is, they pursue their studies more cheer- ful ly and understandingly. With your permission I will renew this subject at some future day. Ploh' Bov. Lmwastcr, Scpf, 10, 1851. A^ricultura! Xulsanccs, \o. 2, \VIirrE DAIM, ox EVK DAISY, WUITK WEED, RICHARD- SON's CLOVER. FmwJi, L'oeil do Beuf. Ccnncui, Die Wucher- blume. Leucanthennnn vulgar.\ 7:^7//?. Chvy<:u\nvv.uiu\ Leucaiithcmum,/.///mry/.v. Mai lirnria i.^'iiianth. nm-,, :^-opoii. Chi^ysanthemuiM nh.iiiaiinni. ]ViUdtnvw, ^ It is a true rieucanthniiuin, a -, ims cstaMi^Iied by Turueforte. The name is derived fiM,, ih,. (irook Unl-os, white, and Anthemon a flowei- In i-(>ference to its white rays. Tlie genus contains twenty-two species. But three are found in North America, two of tlieseare natives of Arctic America, and the third IS the plait umler consideration, which is a native <.f ]:ur(>p.% but which has become extensively natu- ralized, and is a vile w(>ed, wherever it is found. It belongs to the IDth class, Syngenesia, and the Ist order .E.puilis, in the Artificial System of Lin- luvus—to order Composita} and tribe Senecioranidea of Do Candille and to subtribe Anthemida; in Torrey and Gray's Flora of North America. The root lives for many years, and seeds up many stems every year. The stem grows from one to two feet high, mostly sample, but sometimes branched; it is nnirked with Ime^ that are purplish and somewhat luiiry The loaves are one or two inches long and one-third to two:thn'ds of an inch wide, wedge shaped taperin- to 1851.] COA[\[r^\TnATIONS. ?oi the base, smooth on both sides, with the edges cut into rounded teeth. :i1ie heads of the flowers arc from one to two inches in diameter and ])ut on(3 „n a branch, the rays of the flower are white, ami in lei,.rti, about equal to the yellow central part. Tiie leav.'s around the head (involucre) has rusty l^rown mar- gins, and the seeds are smooth and of a dark purph^ color. This plant somewhat resembles the "• feverfew." :i5"' i!ie ''-ar.lcii chrysanthemiiin/' b,it is reudily diMiiigui.shrd !.y its large Ih.u.r.. ai,,| verywhito rays. Its annual roots, and hardy naimv. ,,,ake it •''"'"•"'' ''' "Mdiiaite. \\ ],nHl,ices seeds in greatpro ^;'^'""- ••""' '<■ l-i'>mi!-l. ^,M,n takr. possessi(m of a farm t^ tli^ r.x,.l,isi,,i, ni' iinjuMiaiii plani>. 1 believe it i^ uiN rly uoi-ihK..., though 1 iiave seen some cows occasionally crop it. It has been asserted that it im- proves the (inaliiy ..f butter, ],„( T am assured that this is a r.ilstake. It is very a]>undant in the upper end of Bald Eaj^le valley, and is rapidly extending itself. Aiumal croj.ping and plowing appears to be the most effectual meth.Ml of destroying it that I am ac(iuainted with, but e^ en by this means the whole community mu« co-operate, and vigilantly destroy every vestige of it, for it is almost useless for one farmer to ccmtcnd aganist it, if his neighbor's field constantlv f.irnislio? seeds for new plants. ,j_ y|^ 31 .Minx. Unionvillc, Centre co., Stpi. 15, 1851. '»he I>otato lint an. I a J;(•nH■,l^. T.>the farmers of Pennsylvania 1 would sav, th.> potato disease is not a worn out subject. It is again ;" '""■ ""''•■^'- ="..i still invitos inquiry, and with us it 1^' ''':''''^ ^" nmain ^^ long as a certain nv iuged insect ' n' i'lant-. I ec treason ))eing SO iar ad\a]ice.l, I ui!j reserve a descriptinn m!" this de- structive insect lor a iuuivr .•M,u,n,i,,;,,.., j,,,,. \Vt it ^" '''"''^'■"iliiu,.. :n,y .T niy iMl.u- };,,„,,.,■. f,.,.] in- creduloM. np,,n the M.l.ject, and are d* >irous of hav- ing a sight of the pest, they can be gratified by call- nig, within twenty days, at Pleasant Mount, VVavno county, and visiting, with me, the potato fields of this region, from eight to ten o'clock in the morning, or from five to seven o'clock in the evening of any clear day. I will show them their mode of attacking the vines— how their iH)ison comes in contact with the at- mosphere, and in conjunction with it, impregnates the sap, carrying disease and death with it. WhfTCver there is a change of atmosphere, from genial warmth to cold or chilly weather: wit], the return of the warm wcatlKM'. XN, !i;u,. certain evidence that the destroyer passed in and ont during the chan"'e. A certain remedy against the potato rot will, I fully believe, be found in the following mixture sprinkled or dusted upon the vines, commencing, for early po- tatoes, three weeks after they appear upon the gnmnd, and for later ones, two weeks, or when the stalks are about six inches in height. This dusting is to U c(^)ntinued at least twice a week, until the jwtatoes fire matured, and always on the first clear or moder- kU^ (lav after a rain. Mv mode of cultivation is this. After having plowed my ground at least ten inches deep, I j)lant the ])otatoes three inches deep, covering them imme- (liatelv with thoroughly pulveris:d earth. I never yond the reach of the great mass id' farnu'rs, are read — merely read and admired, perhai)s spoken of; but the experiment of attempting similar results by the same means is rarely undertaken. The desired ef- feet is thus lost, anil the conseipitMice is, a deep-root- ed prejudice on the part of farmers of moderate means airainst all "book farminir." Mv idea «>f a manure i^i the hill unless it is to drop half a gill of Pennsylvania Parm .Journal is, that it >hould be con- air slacked lime <.u the potatoes in each hill. If the 'I'lcted on ]>rincipl(«s that will have a tendency to S(»il is a stiff clay, or rests on ,i liarl p m. il.. n it should alwavs be subsoiled to the depth < i i-nrteen ft/ 1 inches (ir more, and It' tui I', the slice should ]>e lurii- cd six inches thick, and the subsoil stirred to the depth of eight to tm inches more, llan-ow wi 11 with K di"' his means, and \\ iuld also naturally increase its popularity. The i a ii[ijr characteristic of nearly all the agricultural papers publl>hed in the United Stales i>, a dispositi«ai to portray in their most glowing colors, tlie exp"riments tobacco; two quarts of lake or Nova Scotia plaster, of men whose wealth enables them to spend more eight quarts of fine sifted, air slaked lime, mix th(*se for the success ef a single experiment, than the en- ingredients well. Procure a stone jar that will con- tire amount of many small farm.'r's yearly income. tain f .ur gallons, into which place a large handful They do not sufficiently consult the interests of the of green tansey leaves, and on the top of the tansey great mass of farmers, and conseui b^caii-' \v f.',] d^-ir'H- if hearing all that can be said on tlir .-abject, l.-ping that finally, we shall arrive at tie' true cause of the diseftse. — Ed.] Statements of yicM. Mu. Editor: — Permit me to suggest to your con- j«ideration. the propriety of devoting a considerable department of your Journal to statements of common yields from improved soils— their condition when first tenanted by their proprietors— ]>y what process of cultivation they have been improved, &c. Articles of this character W(»uld have a tendency to stimulate the readers of your Journal to active exertion, and prompt them to efforts fi)r increased improvements in every department of farming. Such statements would also increase the number of your readers, as well as the popularity and patronage of your journal. The almost invariable result of publishing accounts of very extra, ordinary yields and their expensive cost of attainment, by wealthy farmers, or merchants, lawyers or other professional men, being entirely be- '•rci.it questiim with the conductor of an agricultural periodical should be, what course shall we adoj>t to induce tin' ni i-s of farnn-rs to (Miter the field and give us the valuable results of their ol)servation and ex- perience? I would answer this ractis in the cohnnns of the Farm .loin'iial. J. AVlCKKIlSHAM. Lewislmrif, ] \>rk co., 1 Sf) [ . fWe like the sug<^(istions of ourcorresi.oiil iit,;iii(l will ('n(l(:iv(»r t<» improve up;.ii Uu la. \i the same time AV(^ commend his ])laiu, comTn m ^fii-f^ wnv of speakini^ t<> every reader of the Journal. I't'Im t!i" start we have striven to enlist the interest of the mass of farmers and thus far have sucu-eeded, we think, in ])resentin;2; a rich and varied store of practical aetciioialion ol" rcnnsyl\ ania soils and Af^ricultu- ral I^^ducation. Mr. Kditor:— So much has the subject of a^-ricul- tural education ]>e(>n harped upon bv the a<>-ricultu- ral ])ress, that farnu'rs gemu-ally might be supposed to be fully awake {n the importance of the subject. 'I'iiat a (hvper interest than has ever ])(^for<» mani- fested its(df in regard to this important point, is felt through the agricultural comnuiuity geniM-ally, is very apparent : but it is equally apparent that, unless this interest Ixn^omes more (le«>ply seated. ]nt 1itt],> ^,,o,i i lii;.! ni!-! will ever result from it. Tidess t! rising generation take the matter In II '1. ;iii getically and perseveringly ])rcss it onward, Inn iitth hope exists, that Pennsylvania agriculture, as widl «>^ the agriculture of the United States generally, will for a c.Mitury at least be emancipated from the thraldom that now enslaves it. My honest con- victions are, that Pennsylvania is the best farmed State in the Union, but it is an undeniable fact, that with each successive year the f(M-tility, ami conse- quently, the value of her lands is lessened. The same '^skinning" system pursued so larirelv in Vir- What else is to 1)0 expected wiierc lands are crop- ped from year to year, with scarcely an interval of rest, and what is more, with not enough manure to restore to them a tithe scarcely of the fertilizin<*' con- stituents which these successive crops take from it. Is it a matter of surprise that under such a system of tillage our lands should deteriorat(» in quality— that lands which forty years agoyi(dded thirty busli- (ds of wdieat to the acre now yiehl scarc(>ly the half of it? \-y^t' in -'f ('iiniiii-j: whi(di m;iv answer \^'V\j W'H t;,r a (■.•wv'Mr- ^n iw'W !.i!p|, but \vhi»<>. ;iiiil s(dect Til- the ex}>erini'iit tlie (ddest and best farmed counties in the State — say Lancast^T. Ab)ntgomery and Ch(\^trecisely what ele- nients of futility they have lost, and the most effec- !':i.i..-i mode of restoring them. The sci- r thi' 'ii'"'' "I ••'•"n"iuiral niMiMirir'g must be ni >)•.■ thorough- (l in reckh^ss profusion by the generalit\ .•! farmers must Im; husbanded with that jealous care wdiich characterises the farming opera- tions of Kurope. But many of our ohh^r farmers wdll say, we have no time for such studies— our lands will last another generation, anenial neiMl not ' on the si firmer^, so that they niay w'Mi a he fcarecl, f »r so little has been asked by and grante Here, then, is a remedy — will the farmer aj^ply it? follows : It is gratitying to me lo iiiform voii that Will he yuit forth an effort to restore to the soil of : away u]) hei-e in little Wayne, witii our high hills Pennsylvania its original fertility, or will lie permit , :uid stony valhys, we have an agricultural society the pres<'nt ruinous system still to be continued, un- that has bei^n existence f >ur 3'ears and is now in a lil that which v.ould now prove an effectual remedy \ flourishing condition. Our farmers are n{»t asfarbc- will fail to be efficacious. Let them take warning by hind those of the more southern (^)unties as our lo- the examples around them before it is too late. j c- ition wouhl indicate. "\V(! hav a goixl portion of 1]. 1\ 1 reading; farmers: but many of tiiem iirefcr tin' news Wrst Ch,sf,r, September 10, 1851 of the day to valuable agricultural information. They are unv.illing to spend a d<»llar to make tie niselves familiar with th" experience and (experiments of oth- ers. But a better day is c(»mingand with the ai 1 !" th" Farm Journal, 1 hope soon to see better things. If our farmers. In »w(ever, are backward in subscri1»ing [There are man}' important truths contained in E. P.'s communication, although we are not prepared to endor«e all he says. His view of the " skinning" pro ce8S now so mmli in vo;i;ue is undoubtedly correct, and thedeplora)>ie results he anticipates, will certain- ly follow if it is persisted in; but we do m.t believe that i f'>r agricultural papers, it is because Pennsylvania iVnnsvlvanIa lands have deteriorated to such an ex- ^''^'''^ "'^^^^ >'"" ^^=^''^"'^ ^^''' ^^^^'*'" Journal, had no pa- tent a> he repres.'nts. The census report may show ' V""'' ^>^ ^''''' ^'^^■"- ^'"^^' t^^'^t you have made so good a ft falling off in the yiehl, but K. P. must remember | ^^^^''^ '^"'^ -^'^ furni.^hing us monthly with so much tiiat within a few year, pn^t many of the poor lands i valuable and interesting matter, nothing but tot.! in- of our State, which for a long period were considered i ^nfl-crence nn yon. |.a ; . n. preyent it fn.m having a unfit f .r .•ultivation, have been ta^ n in^ 1 v „nter- T^*^^"^''^^'^""^ circulation. W ,,,.! 1 , an n. i..ancaster county furnishes . condition. Lancaster county furnishes clear proof of this. (See article in the June No. of the Journal, pA^« 111' entitled "Progress in Farming.") The yield of th'sejiands. although double that of five years since, is still unecpial to that of the better lands. A Correction. — ^Ir. Spangler: — S \eral errors crept into my communication on (iiiano, whiidi was ]iub- ro« i-n.w. ■ ,., -11 ^11 iTP .1 11 ' lished ill the September No. of the Journal. I n the Je\^ 3eai> m«>re will tell a diff.Tent tale, and then ,. , / , , „ r , i i ..nU- ,-.M ., ,.,. 4. ^- ^ 1 , I t iird i)arai:rai»h, tlieworda;;'4lteforethe\voi^N ••wfien onl\ can a correct estimate be mad(\ , ' ,,,,,, i • . . i the corn was u[> should have been omitt( .f. 1 neant w..., v<*" «i ^"iiLut esuiuate ue maa(». , * ,,,,,, , •. i i the corn was u[> should have been omitt(.f. 1 neanl \\ e also agree with our correspondent that Penn- ! ^,^ ,.^^.^ . . ^^^ ^,;^,,^ ^/^, ,^,,.,^ ,,,, ,,^,r The other if sylvama is the best farmed StatjMu the Union This '. i n i i . i in »i / .iiuiLo oiatt in tiiL Lnion. i nis i ^^^^^^ ^j^^ ^^^^^| of the last paragraph. After the W(.rc fias always l»e'Mi our imr)ression Thi^ pJltni- xA^ tho ,. • ,, i ii i i • * i «--»•« »'*■*»»» A word on Manuring. Mr. Editor: — -An iiKjuiry is made by AV. II., of C(Mlft>r(l, whether it is better to plow tbnvn mamiro iiiini('(ll;it('ly jif'ter it Is tiikcii fi-om tlio yjird, tliaii to lot it ]je exposed to thr iuiluences of the sun s(7me time before [)]o\vir.2; under. My littl(^ exju'iiciHv? iiiji,y not 1)0 consiring fndds, ])ut bo retained in the straw, wee'ds, leaves, &c. By top dressing!;, or surface nninurin^, 1 am h'd to Ixdieve that only in a few instances are wo abh; to retain more than a small proportion of tlie h'rtili//in;j:; ({uali- tios of the nnunire in the soil, and those few instances are, when it is put upon li^ht sandy, or loose <^ravel land, just bc^fore a lon^ ^vet period of time — li«;ht showers and ]u)t sun, being as destructive to it us to well seasuned hay. Tin; system of manuring!; which I follow is better adapted to my circumstances, than any which 1 have yet been able to settle u])on. Takinjj^ into consideration that it is a leisure season for th(^ teams on the farm, and the stage of the de- compositivm (tf the straw manure, the month of Xo- vember is the time for drawing. If the ground is to be plowed in the fall, one team is plowing, while two teams are drawing from the yard at the rate of aliout thirty-tive loads ])er day: and if the land retjuires it A day's Work covers one acre, evenly spread and turn- ed under as so<.n as possible after the arrival ai ilie , iield. If the land is not to be plowed until spring, I station a man in the field whose special duty it is to level ofi'tln^ ]thuH; where each heap is to lie, assist in unloading, and cover each ])ile — which consists of half the l(»ad — with a laver of earth about six inches in thickness ; which when finished resembles a small potato heap eovcn-ed for the winter, 'f his coating of earth not only retains all the acids which are so es- sentially valuable, but protects it from the rains and snows of winter, which, if the numuro is left exposed, carries a great portion of the juices into the earth innuediately under it, enriching the spot to a nmch higher degree than is desired. These rains at the same time ttiking ])ossession of the compost, render- ing'jt as much the le>s valuable as the (quantity of water is increased. These heaps are put in straight rows across the field, that the plow may folhnv as cloeely after the spreading as possible. Some may qucsti(m the economy of incurring this extra labor, but if they will consider the value of a load of ma- nure prepared for use in the fi(dd, and then f(;el that during a few weeks the sun and wind are stealing away nearly half its virtue, there will be but littU* hesitation in protecting it, in part, from the reach of those "thievish elements." If any of your corn.'spondents hav<' a more econo- miial mode in the management of yard manures, m- formation concernin<]r it, wouhl Ix; re',-;'ive1. l''in:t Stcali;;^',' ''""'• ?.l ic. I'ltiToii OF 1'ai:.m floURNAL: — In the last Nu. (.f the .1 ai;ii:il, y-'U rr.piest " some of your readers versed in thr jhllosop!i\ ^f morals, to define the dif- ference in criminality between robbing a man's (jrch- chard and robbing his house." You say, "you are aware the law makes a Ijroad distinction between the two," but contend that "this is a distinction without a dil}\'rence." Verily, if there is any ditference the heinousness of robbing a man of his fruit, in my es- timation at least, is far greater than robl>ing his hen- roost, his smoke house, or even his pockets. The hit- ter crimes are mere matters of dollars and cents, and which a little economy willre})air — Ijut the ndjbing of choice fruit and nnitilation ol" trees, money alone will not replace, it r. ([uires time; years of liltor and toil- A 1 ]- not at this time intent! to intlict on you and your readers a thesis on moral ]diilosophy defin- ing this position, I will merely state a fact bearing on the (juestion, and which wiU show the (m<»rniity of the crime, (I can give it no other nam") that [/en- tlcmcn somc^times thoughtlessly commit. li i> well known to all readers of agrieultural pub- lications, that the late Judge Ibiel, o^ Albmy. N "i . devoti 1 much of his time and eminent tal'iiis to tlu' iiiipiuieni' iit aii'l tlevation of agriculture and horti- culture. Among other of his pursuits he (inployv'd many of his leisure hours in Improving our fruits — following the theory first pronudgat«Ml (if I n.iisrake not) by the late Andr(»s Knight, president of the Lou- don Horticultural Society — by impregnating tlu; stig- ma of one flower with the farina iVoia anotlier of a dilferent variety. This course ^Ir. Buel pur.uedwiJi the hope of originating something superior — by im- pregnating the stigma or pistil ol a choice variety of cherry with the ]>o11(Mi of anotluu' fine variety, and carefully protecting the flower operated upon with gauze, to prevent the adventitious intermixture of pollen from another variety, by bees, wind, &c. — When the impregnated fruit becann^ lip'S tiui stone, or pit, was carefully planted — a young tre»» raisedr — and from one year to another carefully nurtured and watched, and after ten years of ceaseless care the Judge's long anticipatotl hopes were about to be real- ized by the tree showing flowers, and a single cherry, the first fruit of the experimeut, was swelling towards 1651.J COMMUNICATIONS. 205 maturity. You may well suppose this cherry was watched and guarded with extra care, and vlsitem sight, the gentlein;i!i re- nnirking, that it was amostexcell(>nt eheny ! After re- turning to the house, ^\c i'uid had got thr-ii; h v,ilh his busijiess, and at onc(^ offered to accompany the t!;;Mitlemen (n'er his grounds. He was particularly nleascil that thev liad called uT>on him at this tim(Nis !»" wished them to test and examine with him the merits of a new cherry now fullv ripe, and which he had originated, and for ten years ol his life looked torward to, to see the resiilt of his experiment. The Jud'O' I'd his friends towards the identical cherrv tree from which his friend had plucked the fruit but « few moments before. But on coming to the tree niA finding his favorite cherry gone, his chagrin and mortification may bo more easily imagined than de- .scri})ed. Ami what wer(^ the feelings of tlie gentle- ni;vn who so heedlesslv destrovod the Judge's long cherished expectations? I will let the nnider judge. The gentlemen soon took their leave, and the one \t\v) eonnnitt an extreme case. So it is: vet thi' cri:ai' i^ n w- tii.' h^ps, wli-n a man, for instance, devotes his hu;!. hi- monev, and bis time, to collx-tinLC i:! I < ullivatin.: choice varieties of fruit, and after ten or fifteen vears of anxious solicitude, wlum his trees may commence lK»aring, and he is about belnir rewarded f 'r his labor ind his ]>ains with .i cr'.p '.A' !; nit, t^ find th:i: i-idlr- ti:rn with ' ory.s- and ut have scarcely hade\en ih' | > - ;• |irl\lh'gi' of tasting or see- ing it ripen, my peculating neighbor- having invaria- bly appropriated, it to their own [ ur])oses. So dis- co uraji'lnLT h;ive th(»se freciucnt thel'ts li,"i-n, tiiat I have almost determined to eiit ilown everv fruit tree upon my j^remises, uidess th" future ]^r« anises some hope of protection through legislative aid. Why should the farmer and fruit grower not b*: protected in their rights. X(» nth'T chis- oikhc eom- nuinity sufb'r more from dishonest persons, wliile none artj so poorly protected. Ii\ery thing behiiiglng to the merchant iscarefullv iruarded bv the law, while the farnu'r is left to the mercy of jdumh'rers on all sides, and in nniny cases without any r- -dress. Not only is our fruit stiden, but our farms are Invaded at every point. Fences are torn down, our growing- crops trodden down by idl ' hunters, and very often our corn fields are })illaged. \i' a word (d remon- strance is offered, a \()llev of Insid.nt abuse from these maraud(^rs is all the return we rr^t. Sev(^nil of my neighbors have, in addition to ih.ir fruits, lost larg(^ numl>ers of chickens, young turkeys, I'te.. and they inform ;:i<' that i: i- ;i- much as a (diieken's life is worth to strav one himdicd vard>^ iVoin the dwell- ft ft Inirs. i^ not thi.- ;i m i-t deplorabh' state of affair.-. ai: 1 does it ni>t demand redress? 1 think so. !'rovi to fencevj, aiid so far as that law goes it i- an excellent one; but it is not comprehensive enough to protect the farmer in all his riixhts, and it is not onlv mine, but the earn- estA\i.-h "1' all \\\i\\ \\\\'\n I have eonverse•( a yr»tinj' I'rat't.d tr^-' is bent down and a jxjrtion uf it ctA cred \s ith » arlli, where it remains till it has taken root, when it is cut away from the pa^ rent tree and planted out. We do not believe that the absence of seeds in the fruit is attributable to the mode of propagation*. — Gemiescc Farma\ son TIOTITTPT^LTURAL. »il«. ■Twrw— «T^ [(^ (Tonrp IS.OI.J ih'UTICULTURAL. 2(1- ^ naiii'Ml \\vm iU Loin;]; us(hI ]>y the llindttos in its niUlvo inoumains as iruMMisc ^v()(Kl and accounted Facred; is, in or.r . ^ ^ ..pinion, the first in jrracefiihi.'ss and beauty of all ^'i'^>"i conuld not pv >v(i hardv in the United States, ]»ut the experience of varioijt parts of the country has settled this ':\\\ !i..i!i .-iiiiim-T vwA vni.l- i'. \ few cf- dai- )»r;;iM-]icN phircd ;;)-.iiii,il :>< a shield from ex- tremes (,f weather, till ili.y InHuyme aivdimated it, their now homes, is - h)!:!1I trouble most amply r«- paid, and which would save many :i jdant and slirult o from the dcM']) hues and bold and heavy outlines of some of tlie more stately pines and iii's, it^ character- istic features convey the impression of somethin;!; li;i;ht, airy and <;raceful. The foliau;e of the doodar approaches a silvery color, more than any other cver- ;^reen, its branches are beautifully pend<'nt, and it has the jrreat merit of bein<;- (piite a rapid j;Tower. — To produce its best eft'ect, it should be planted sin^^ly and souRnvhat ay^art from other trees. Its native locality is the llymalayan mountains in Asia, where it is found of immense size at an elevation of ei^ht to ton thousand feet. llavln^j; b(H»n introduced into Kngland and this country, within comjtaratively a few years, it cannot yet be obtained (jf very larii;e size. The oldest Hpe<*imen in l'he-:l:M,d i> i.iii tw^ !ii\- prevent the water from seUiing about the roots. Cnj})lomcria Japonica or Japan Cedar, is oncof tlr valuable discoveries of the agent sent out by the hor- ticultural society of England. He found whole for- ests of it on the mountains of Japan, at the height of one thousand {act, and like most of the other tre-* and shru])s from that country, is believed to be per- fectly hardy le-r.'. It was only introduced into Kn^-- Innd about tlir.'e years since, and is there called tli'- ''(lueen of evergreens," and is considered quite a rai»id gnjwer. ( )ne great recommendation in accorii- ance with the prevailing taste of the day, for aev thing in the shape of a tree that drooi)s, is that ties tendency is one of its strikiu',- p-e.-uliarities. AVith a very ^trai'jht strm, wli'h'h i-'m^Ii-s .^iic ].uii.]i-.'.l feet. five to thirty feet ill leu-ili. hi [ir.- (,>iieun's gardens, i, ,.',•(■,,]<• i; , .. i . , , , , at l\ew, tlieiN' IS a wide avrnu'', two tiiou^-arid eiii-ht hundred feet long, lined wi'li dicdars. Arancaria hnhricata, or Chili J*iu(',offQVii the most striking contrast to the preceding, that can \n(11 be imagined. It is still", formal and altogether unique, and has been most aptly compared to a *' gigantic specimen of deep green coral from the depths of the ocean.'' It is a native of the C\)rdilleras in South America, where it attains a height of one hundred ima-. rv as a s\iii!.,I ,,( and fifty feet. Its peculiarity is its pillar-like trunk, which, as well as the horizontal branches, are cover cd with scale-like foliage, closely overlaid or imbri. cated. The branches spring out from the trunk, in whorls or circles, and bear at their extremities im- mense globular cones the size of a man's heaod by the Indians. They are oaten either fresh or roasted, and it is said the women prepare from them a kind of pastry. The fruit of those trees form the regular harvest of some of the native tribes of the Andes. From their not' being pan cedar is prn!,aMy, -..in:- i^ |m> m,s L-n a! a favoriti in tlc' [ iiit'Ml Stalo a^ any (CiinTyrt ;.,( ,-,„lucod.— The \v,H,.! is .;/!,! to ;„• MTV Inu'd and cia^lic, **an ih'j iii'j.sl icrrilic w ind.s or :nen«-,„,^-,.; which devastate that country." Tiic soil r.comm.^ndcd for this ivor is a sandv ]'>:un. Cedar of Jjfhamm, everywhere known by its histo- rical associations, and its freipient use in scripture ;ra)ulcnr and magnificence, is a t-e- iMjrfectly hardy in our ndddle States, and if of course necessary hi every good collection of ever- greens. In its great longevity, it,s immense horizon- tal growth of branches which is not so observable in young trees, as when mnro advanced, and in r nn;wv county, N. Y., about fifty feet high, and plant<'d upwards of forty years ago. The cedar of Lebanon is rather a slow grower, varying from six to twelve inches a year, and p<'rhaps more, accon ling to soil and cultivati(m, neither is it when small, particu- lar! v b. autiful. It accommodates itself readily to mo^'t soils, and there is no dilliculty with it afier lac- ing once established. In its native mountains, the , oldest parts (d ^Mount Liljanusand Taurus, travellers assert it is comparatividy scarce, and that there are fewer trees to ]je found there at this time than in Hngland. It is believed t!,;ii tiie forests have never rocdvered \'v"\\\ th- operations ui' Swl>>ni 'u's fourscore dioiisand hewi-rs. riniis rincster or Clusfcr Piiir, rmuj S>jlr'\s/ri.s 01' iSro/rh rinr, aiid J'in'fs Aiulriarr f* nein-. ti-n nia\ h-- h'ng, lail tliai 1; nniy not sn!]'-' hedger- di-eiprine, v.dii di | ■•rent- ^ ni'i.-h I'i'e {\\;',\ the hedge niav n"i. d!-', and so little that it shall grow onlv vi'ry slo\-, 1 v. o. Suitable size, cither naturallv or bv trimmini: or tdip]»ing: so that the soil shall not be nuudi ex- hausted by the support of the hedge. 4. Suitability of the species to the soil, exposur; and climate, where t!ie hivlge is to be made. Of the species having tlu^rns, the Craitvjvs oxi/nin- tha or English white thorn has been more used in England than any other, and a f-w hedges have been made in this country; but it has not answered the purpose here so well as our native species, of which we have so many that Crato'i/us may be almost ranke*! as an .Vnuudcan geiiu^. The jtojnilijhlia or ^V,^-hington thorn ha- 1 ■ ii more extensively propa- gateo elo^o planting A^ {\w jmjtull folia lie re-ei !lv if !•'■ ll-'t to b<' I' 'seventeen s[»ecn'> ot Ancnean th •rn ha.^\eiy Kiuch hulsided, thedi^eoveiTofeoa] and i;- ; '■'■•I'l'"'-- •-p"'-"'l.y n >Nv,n.' ar.' ii.^iio in- ^narile>; general use liavinir reb-ao.i „< from h>ars on aee,,unt ' ^^-^^ii-'t. Katon. in his ^laimal ^A Kotanv, describes of fn-1 : P.Tld tee L'')-eat faeilitV a!id small e\pon-e ,. transporting iencing tinder hy canal, rivei-, an-1 rail road, furnishes the supply in nierket, v,;th-nt dilli- culty or increased price, so that we scarcely give at- tention to its rapid diminution. But it is evident that the continued conversion of wf)oded hm 1- to cultivated fields, diminislies th • Mipply, and tlie increase of fences Irom dnnini-liing the size and inerea.^in^: tlu' numb(T of fields aiel j^hintation^, increases the .pian t.ity r'Mjuircd. On the subject of hed::e^, the' firM question generally asked is, ** What tree or -hrub is l)©st suited for the | nrposc?'' This can onlv be an- swered conditionally, having reference to the ].uipo~e for which tho hed-e is wanted, whetlcT to restrain men, h-rses, calllc, swiuc or other aninnils, ,,r onh »onie, ol those named— the place win re it is to -r-w. ipon high or low, wet or dry, fertile or sterile lands, fir we see in natural woods that each tree or shrub appears to have a particular soil and exposure favor- able to itd growth, and that in some localities it is ii n;o ' ■!' \\ h:»di are' e.'niTii-n iti th ' n'Tthei-n Sta:- -. and 1 A-.^add made of an_\ • f < nr native species, some of v. he h. however, are of h u o-rowth, and would re irurik fVc-iU'iiiIv conic out and grow six to ci-ht I'ect in a t-iugle s-a- 8on. 1 have some hop(> tiiat by a ilil!- -rent iiiodt' of treatment in Irimniinir. and by planiiii'.'; widiT a]»art — H.ay thrc^e te<'t or tiiereabout— tip v m.iv {"'i-m .r^Dd hedges. It will r(M[uire nmeli cxiMa-ieiice to (l.'i.a-- mine the best mode «>f treatment, and will reouire the riH)t8 to be cut or a ditch kept on each side t" pr'\en! them from affecting the productiveness of the adjoin- ing land. Seed will, ere long, l>e abundant, and 1 believe mav now be obtained in the winter (»r sm-inf^- fit the seed stores. Tho seeds are large, and mav be 80wn in the spring. They come up soon. The lloNKY Locust or Gleditschia friacanthns is a hardy tree, not less thorny than the Osage orange, and growing to a large size. 1 have seen some at- tempt to form a hedge of this tree ; but with ai^pa- rently much neglect. It made 'a hednr(^ uH^d for many years as an enclosure; but shewing occasionally a gap mended with a fence rail. The result of the experiment was more favorable than 1 •hould have anticipated. The plants are easily raised and the seed large and abundant. There is anoliier class of small trees of which 1 have some hope that they may be so reduced as to do service as hedge plants, as the stems and branches are stiff and unyi(lding and the terminal buds and spurs partake somewhat of the form and nature ei" thorns. In this class are the Bucktiiorn or Ji^/iam- Hits attharlicus, the buffalo berry or Shrij/nrdia anjeti- tm, the slieep berry or Vibinituni piiinijoliiim, tlic red plum and sloe or Prunui amerimna and Spiiiosa. Of the lUickthorn I liave seen one he tlhiu-li it cmu! 1 be iuade effective. I: ;- ]i'\v very imn-h \annt.'d a-; an hi'dg(^ i>lant by wri- ters in tlh' Ni.rthei-n States and in t'u! nursery cata- logues it is markol li ii d(»llars the thousand. The Buckthorn and all the other.-; id" tliis class are small trees and may therefore be permitted to grow vigor- ously without mnlilation. AVIiib* \ propose to n^ sume this subject hereafter, 1 desire that those win. have given attention to the raising of hedges and have succeet <■(' .lainiaiv, a.t wlii^h tinie thc^ were tra!ij:ruw, plentv of waterwas ifivcn ihein. p.artl.'iijarly wIkmi a'.MUt Ihadiu'j;. As much lighl and air \sasgi\ru tlean a- the weather wmuM permit. JoUN KiLEV, Gardener io Irwunr Asi/huu, riiila. I'fhe (\Hilillo\vers abn\(- nderrtMl to, we noticed ii^ iho [)rocccdings of the Fcnna. Ilorticnitura.l Society, as well as editorially in the .lune X<.. Mi'i!i,> .b.nrna]. They were certainly tie' lunst sup(M-b niics we ever saw, and Mr. Ilil.'v ^^ill accept our thacks for cria I'ling us to lay tiefore our readers his mode of tre^it- inent. It is simple, and within the reaidi of every one who desires an early supply of this fa\uritc vegc table. — Kd.J Early Nonpareil cabbage is one of the best sort? in eultivation. It heads freely, rnd 13 of a goodsiie, and Tcry delicate flavor. !^>F| 1}<)RTICULTURAL. 200 ii--**- -..--•r-j*'*--"- -t^ •■ ~' ■"nr" " * *»■' >" •-<.'"«»♦ -» ir-"^ - - W r -y "trnv i\ 'l I 1*1 toKigatiuii ul llic vine. Mk. KL»iTOK:--in the proceedings of tlie Penn.syl- vania Horticultural Society, published in the '* Fai-m .Ji.iirnal" for July, it is stated that "on the fruit uihlcs were six pots of grape vines, grown from sin- .'!e eves, one year old from the bud, in full bearing." I'hc correctness of this statement ha.-i been doubttvl l)V some who have long cultivated the grap'* : but tliero is certainly nothing impossible or improbable .Uxjut it. Fine, \ig"r'pus plants can utnjuestionably i/O grown, in th<' "pi'n air. friaii eultings lia'. irij- i^nlv \ ^iri'de eve: and th 'V'' i^ no I'ea^on to do\i}it, that. \\\{\\ proper treatment in a e"n-ervat"i-y. tle'V ean be hrouLrht int'» full b^'arin^ the second si aswu. Xearlv ail tl'.'' \ii!e'-; 1 ni'W !ia\e, weregrnwn IVdiii single eves, set Mut ctiri' in a ''arden. witli^ol tie' aid "f tVames or liotlp-d-^, and eani ■ intn bi-aring ;us early as thiKse icr'iw n from nrdinarv eutti!i'j:s. This mode (>!" multiplying the graj-e vine might perhaps not iniprnpcrly be termed tho "Lancaster jTucess," as it is ni't unlik haluts, he was alwav.'^ \^ Uling to coniriiunieate iTiforni,iti"n. and t.' a-;sie-n a f'^a.'^on for his peeuliai- i h- (d' treatment or liis de- viations from fhr e-mn)nn track. One id' hl-^ ^pniint liotions was that '• < 'hristianitv and vine-dr.-,>.->iie^ are l>e«t taught by example;" then -h .d' the latter onlv •lid he regard hirn=;e]f as (pialitied by exp,-rience to i>e n tea.di.T. lb. us(m1 to as-.'rt that so much h.ad bec-n -•". w and published about raising vines, that p(^opIe ' "1 h'veni.' ••frightened with the ghosts of diffi.ail- ties tluit never existed." In his estimation, the cub ■ '-i^ion of this \aluable plant, was a very simple bu- .^nies<: and in >ae- of h.is h-tters to Judge I^.t.,.,^^. he hx(^r< h.ini with t},.- r,,i|,„vir,nr],.SM>n. " sliort and easy ' ' p^ai'tiee. ' •' InTebruary, take a single joint of the vino voii ••hoose (the genuinr Tokay, ify.u .-an find it); eut it 'ff half an ineh above the eye, and again at tw,» irieh- ■s l.eh.w the ryo; rwver ra.di end with a ^ticking l>la.stcr of anj kind, and set it in ;i pot of garden mould, abnnt four or six ineh-s in red to settle it; after thib lay half an inch of horse dung on the surface to keep It from b.vondng dry and hard. Place the pot in your hot-b..!. prepared f.r raiding used, watering does more . harm than good, and does mo'^t harm in the driest tmi". \>i oth.or caro tlian ki'oping the ground clear of \n«mmN, i-i neci>s^ary f^r the fir^t sumtnT." If it be ask''(h'" continues he. " wdiv a sin:i:!e eve \< reconnm-ndod, rather tluiu :\ , utting ^ixtron iuidies lonir. it is replicl that roots shooting:; from a single ev are oxdusiveh from it-elf: are much the strou"-- est, and strike mor'" dir-'etly downward : tlie shimt i from it ha>^ lo-^v pith in it, the wood is tiianer and sic 'I'tfr {oint'd : i' I'ni/i'S s'^nn'r ))i*n f'l/// /itun' h/, mul aj'poar^ to 1,r m'i( !i th.e more healthv vine. TIh'^p aro important advantai''"-. and {" th^an nniv }>■- added I the (djvioUS fact that ,1 iip'ii-.uio piain^, m lo m<' set out, may be rai^'i'd trom single eyes, with l-'ss labor . and \'. lih mu' h 1< -s sp.ace, cither in a h-;. bed or in the open ;j:r-nnd. than a hundred j lant< |m raisrd I from long cuttings, which have not one single adv;iii- , tage in their fi\Nor, that 1 know of." I This method has beeji -imnlitiefj, |,v formln"- thf^ , o.t a future tinm, a kind of f,„,d to wdii(di th.' raspbrrrv i.s parthmlaily partial. The fu(jd to whieh 1 had refer- ence is tan. In raising ra-pbcvry phints from rof>t cnffim--;, I usually place about an in. h of tan -v* r tic p-'.. li.rd at th.' bottom of th<' p.d. whi(di is thru filled, to with- in an imdi and a half (»f the surface, w itli rieh mould. In this t}M> j.-rtioTi <,f root is plante(I, afi^;r wJiiih tho pot is fille(i up with tan. In "Ut-door cadture, w hen the rasjdHrrfes are plant- ed out, it sluRild be s]>read over th" ::roun^ " Very truly yours, W. D. Bkincki e mm/ fe«N.->J« .' 210 TIORTTOrLTrRAL. [October, The Victoria Kcj^ia. The following lutcrestlng account of iho mode of cultivating this splendid plant, was comniuuicatiMl t(j T. P. James, Esc^., Secretary of Pennsylvania llorti- rultural Society, to whom we are ind(d)t(!d for it. — We have condensed it somewhat by omitting the datc^s of the appearance of the difr(!rent leaves. Want of j-pace compelled us to do this. To Thomas P. James, Esq., Secretary of tke. Pennsyl- vania Horticultural Society. Sir: Ah tlie expcrinu'ot i»f cullivatin'!: tlic \ ictn- lia Ivegia at S{)ring Brook has j-cvultcii Micc(*ss{'ully, 1 }»ropose giviii;j; a I'rirt' history !i He' 'J1-t (biy of March last, a letter cnr.tniinn'X 12 seeds of tb(! Xictorin Regia was recri\c(! bv Mr. t.'ope from Sir. Win. Hooker, hiii ( t..r < I" the lloyal (jardens at Kew. Pour "f thcs.- w(n-e ]ibni!('d in small seed puns, in l(»;im iunl siiid, aini |ila<'ed in ;i tank of water in the forcing liuu.^e. This lank.v, iiuh was 5 by 6 feet in diameter, was heated to the tem- ]>eraturc of 85 to 97°, by a cli-culiitioii ^A' lict v:it(T i produced by a cop]H-r ]> i.\ being j'hucd ujiwn tip' furnace, and an inch lead pipe ])assing from it i\vi«< round the inside of the tank. A coil of half inch 1 pipe, of about ^)0 feet in length was also plaec^d over the furnace, in order that the water might be tem- pered, which was ipe tb<' ^^;Ut•r dropped (»n a small tin wheel, which agitated i\w- water in \\w tank, and di-^ipatod the vegetable mucusor slimy matter \vhi<}i act unuihi- tai" apj»eared, of a form similar to that of the Calla ethiopica, being long and tapering from a broad base. On the 21st a third h^af appeared of like form. On the 2otb the fairth leaf reaehed the surface of the wator, and wa^ in the shajto of an ellipsis, one I ond, however, being separated, till near tic point I where the petiole and leaf were united. On the 24th the plant was transferred to the big lank in the Lily house, which was especially con- constructed for its accommodation ; and of which 1 propose giving a description at a futur*^ time. It had five leaves on when planted, the largest mejusuring A\ inches. July 31. — 25. ThiR leaf 18 four inches larger than any produced in England of which wu have any ac- count. Aug. 1'*). This morning we discovered to our gr";e d(diglit a flower bud rising a little in advance of th< 2Sth leaf, whi( h was also approat hing the water'? surface. The latter pr(*sent<'d a dark (d.ject, whibi the former appeared to jje of a crimsom hue thou^di several inches deeper in the water. Aug. 19. At this time there are seven leaves on th* plant. 'IMie largest 0 feet 4 inches in diameter or ]!• feet in circumference. It is expected that the la.*Jt leaves up will attain a greater size at maturitv.— Three ilnwcr InnN are xinljle, .-iit; of tic ing slowly above the water. ^'ou will ob^erv"' that on th- '.'hli ..f May the h;!v wa^]»lanted in the large tank. I'-ini that time up t^ the 2()th of dune lire heat was apjdic 1 in the cveniii;: only. l)uring \\\\< perio(l tie- t!iernionr't"r ranged cii aii average at about S.")'^. ( )n ilp' "Jlvi ,,l" .Jun" firo liPiit was dispens( li witi!, and iias not be-n apjd.e I sir.''-. Inder the inlhirncc (ii"< ilarheat alone, the plant liii.'* made wonderful progress, and I tinnk its beauty ann well p:'-- I pared for the reception of the plant — first, by tlu.' bottom being covered with charcoal and pieces ef ; brick to the depth of two or three in(dle^3, and thd. half a do/en large c'art loads of burnt hiam and loiif 1 mould ]ilae'd therein, in the form of a niound. 1 Would here r( mark that good luam ;vh>nc is sufc- cient f'-r tho plant, but a iliiVi'rii.i ingredient v:a.» adopted in this niir first essay, as a similar eouij^"-! ^^ as found successful in llngland. « k^fttiSti^M as jKditic in tlu' process of our e.xperiments. AVe can easily appreciate the admiration aii'i '•■ light of th'()rbigny and Sliwiiilur.L in discovering this vc^getable jdienomenon so gigai.n in its jippearanee, unique in its formation, and ih • j ] interesting in its devidopment. ^^ hen we look i -' • to the seed in its first state of g'TminaLlun, and ly i'' acute (diservation perceive it,s feeble cotyledon like ■*» thread endeavoring to rencdi the water's surface, 1'^^' imable— -when \vv contemplate its minute thrt>addik' appearance, almost inuneasural»le, and then view .'• colossal leaves between six and seviMi fe(^t in diain' tcr, well may we call it a " vegt^table wond'T." ;H' the Queen of the Atjuatics. We liail with deliK^'^ the jtromised leaf anti watch its daily unf dint^ ^" suq^rising strength, an though destiuinl to protrit ih« '* Bovereign" from all invanion when we= h'^k at tiJ* ihori periiKl it luu< taken to germinate a seed no largt^ plants, to A. Marshall Sc Co.; .second best do. to Pas- chall Morris it Co. i^cst collection of Daldias in bloom, to Misses J. «.t M. Beniu'tt; *2d best do. to Tiiomas Ilarvev. B"St displav est do. to Mi-^ Jbdiecca Thomas; r»th best do. to Tevis Iloop«'s. licsi design in imitation of Ijasket, covered outside with nios :iii(l lilh'd w ilh indi.:.enou^ th'Wers to .1. A M. r.''!ineir. W \ Im.o^U!-: "f eut flow vr- !'< t <'en- ir.' tahh', '. " A lie.' .I,l.-!->, ,ji ; -Jii h. <.[ (|n. Ill L;/,/ie llllil. \\.'^\ nail' el" iii;,,ie 1 h .ou 'f. ti» I-;t:ie l>. W\ \ !*>(«. ; 'Jd b'arlingtoii : I'd l.e-t ilo. to Anna C. Iloopes. In ad^'.ition to the above there were smaller di-j b.ys of ]>ahlias bv ^Mrs. Sallie Ingram and PascheJ' ^^ -- ris .*( t'o. \ erbenas b\ Mr-. Ann W IViint'T and d . II. Ibill. K-j. CiltMiiaand Aehimen<'>. ly ^!l^s.Si- billa Ihubree. ('nhhienm ;iiiluTnnale by ^\ ni. Ja«'k- son, l'e--ign of a farm by Thomas \\ . Swe!e-\. Ik'- siirn of a lo^ cabm niad^ of wax bv Mr-. M. lb Tl.o- han a pea, and bring to maturity a ]tlant that fills a •;ii'.k of 24 {'^'i't in diameter, in the short space of -euiething like four months, well may we affirm that :t deserves the attention and culture of every true !„ver of nature who can bear the e.Kpei.S'\ Sucdi will v;ir('lv be amply remunerated by a constant unfbld- n-r (.f beauties mit to be ecpialled by any other plant ^Mown in the civilized wt)rld. In r(;ferencc to the temperature of the water in d:e tank, (after artificial heat was dispensed with) it has of course varieent the injuri- o\ifi eflect^ of" the direet rays of the -un. tie- 'jla," the lirgest measuring 14^ inches. Tiie nlant Irtis made a >lew nmwiii e niu- j'lired t4) its more favoui'-d cMnpanion in the Lily house, I'Ui it ha- ne\ei-ihel(^ss flourished, and it- larg- est leaf now measures '1\ i'«x'L diameter. \\ c du not doubt our ability to grow it successfully in this posi- tion next season, when the alterations proposed to be 1 xl XI- I • Jl ^ *„ ' . ^ , T, • T n 1 ('^- Ottoman desiL'ns bv the Misses I.indlev: centre mat ihi. t.v M:ss te.rof the Ib.rtieultnrivt. did 1 fail to mention here, , ^^^ ^^,^ ^ .|^..^,^^,j^ .; .^ ^-mup ef ( iermaii A-fer- in 'blcK^m tliatthe first hxiuL' plantsof the \ietoria which we hn.v(^ ' i,^ >ij^>. Kii/iilM.ih S. Marshall. in this ci'untrv, were produced from '^eed furni^le'd (I'mpcs. — liet »'» bunches trbert Ingram : mvxt beside. suNplv he received at ( hatsworth. Ihesc were lost, t ' , . .• i i Ti , . u • . .^ ' ' • .. Joshua Kmbree; b<^st(» bunches hlsenboro to Isnnt^n as I understand, by an ac( idental over heating .d' the j i).^riiiij.t<,n; In-st W bunches of foreign grapes raised •ank, eonsc.jueiit upon a sudden change of the wea- , in the open air, to llev. J. 15. (^lemson ; be^t .") buncii- der durim:; the night. | es do. raised under glass to .Mrs. Raclud Taylor; e. \T *. * c • T> V 11 I six'cial nremium to Caleb Cope, Ksq., (d" IMiiladeliiiii::, -Mv enL'airemeut at SprmiT Brook ciunmeneed sub- , T' '^"^M"' '"' , ,./••' i- i- ^ \, ^ for a tine displav of foreign grapes from his green - ■luent to this event. ^ ours, respectfully, j^^^^^^^ ^^^.^^ Tacony, Pa., embracing the foUowing va- m J as. Baskets (.f . ut f1ow'e la Palestine, i white Frontignan. chasstdas of Kontainbleau ^^ Aus- 1 triau Muscat. Mr. Co]>e also present<'d t<» the exhi- biti(ui a leaf of the \ l»'toria Kegia, tlie c(debrate,l wa- 1 t<'r lily, which was very nun h admireti. A special premium was awarded to l. V. Pennypa^'ker, Ks(j., ; fbr a new seedling variety of grap<» named " Bald- i win," in honor of the President of the Soei<'ty. dos. ■ Htuuphill, Ksip, exhibited some fine Cr) er of Chester county horticulturists. Tlu» (piantity, ' t<» Samuel Sharpless ; 2d best do. (Poid's ycdlow) to -K.. was large for so dry and unfavorable a season. 1 John M. Branson; )>est half-peck (PtHil's yellow 1 U» The hall was tastefully decorated with evergreen fes- | Joseph Perkins; bi^st () named varieties to John M. toons and wreaths, and evervthing arranged to the Branson ; best display. 21 varieties, to Wm. C. Hick- In'Mt advantJige. Vi.^itors vvjre agfeeabJv surprised, man. In addition to the above, there were many fine and the cxhibilion }>assevi olT pleasantK . ' i contributions. Indeed, the pea(di department, coubi- Prtmiums. — For tlie Ix'-st disjday of gr(>en house ' dering the eeason, was parucularly tine; and we 212 ITORTICULTUUAI. S()(MI:TIES. [October, MiM—rnvtr'-ir would be glad to give all the coiitril)utor8 naiuev^, if ■we had thtan. Pears. — For the best half-peck, Seckel, proniium tf. Elizabeth Townsend ; 2d best do., Barth-tt, to J. (\ Baldwin; bent one doz., Butter, to llirliarti A.-h- l)ridge ; bent display, 20 varieties, to A. Marsliall tt Co.; 2d best do., 10 varieties, to J. C. lialdwin. Oth- er contributors were Dr. J. K. Eshelman, 9 varieties, James H. Bull, Esq., liUMtlKvn I'axton, Elizabeth (J. Sharpless, Joshua Embree, each one variety, l>r. George Thomas, 5 var., Nathan Linton aii varl("ti<'s, Paschall Morris & C<>. 1 1 varittics, Henry llipj>l<-, 1 variety. Ajfples. — For the best pcM-k, : -<1 !»<'st, do., Maidf^ns' lilush, to E. Dilhvyn I >arHii;j:t(>n ; b'',st dis- play tod. !>. Taylor, IS varirtics, Other contribu- tors wor«' ('ht'viicy Jrfr«'ri('S, 11 \ar.. W ni. I >. Sugars, 1, Anuts 11. Darlington, *.>, d. 0. Daldwiii, ('», John Cox, I, Ev<'rett Oonrad, L d. ,^ M. H.rinrt, 1, Ziba Darlin;iten. 1, dnhn \Vliit<\ 1, L'wi^ Knibrco, (">, S. Sharpless, 1, /. Thomas, 1. Quinces. — Best Iiall'pcck to r>a\is AV. Enlrikcn ; 2d l)est do. to William Little. Other contrihutor-^ <•!" Quince were Jacob Dowlin, l' J'^ H-iI.Iwiti I)'uim'I M.-i'lni-c Sarah W. Himos, Jost^ph Dcnnock, Rachel 'I'avlor, Mrs. Lvdia Hrown and Lewis llnil^rec. Tlic disi>lav of this fruit was unusually line. Vrgetohh'S. — Best one liu>hel j^ttatoes, Mercer, tn Samuel Bailey; 2d best do., Mt reer, to Samuel Dar- lington; best one bushel sweet potatoes t> Lowi^ D. Hoopes; best 2 doz. Onions, silver skins, to William Jackson; 2d best do., silver skins, to Jnnatlian Pax- son; best 2 doz. Carrots to Daseliall Morris v^- Oo. ; best 2 doz. Tarsnips to Lewis I*, lluopes; best 2 do/. Salsify to Lewis V. lloo]>es; best one (pnirt Lima Beans to Pasdiall .Morris »^ Co.; ])ost *'• heads Cab- bage to Timothy Nolan: hest 1 dc/. Fxeis to Josiali Iloopes ; best G hc-ads ('( lery t«i James II. Bull. Kx[.; best 0 fruit of E«j;g Dlant to John \'. Dainter; hest 1 peck Tomatoes to Lewis i*. Iloopes: b<'st .1 Pumpkins for table use to AVilliam Crowley : best .1 do/,. Okra to Josiah lloop(\s; best display <»f ve!.:;etal>les, •}.') va- ficties. to Lewis P. Iloopes; 'Jd l)est do. to Mrs. Ua- «.di(d Tavlor, In adiiition to thtMibove, L»^wis llogors, ]>r. Isaac 'IMiomas, Albert noo[)es, James A. lni;ram, James Powell, jr., Danitd >b'('lure, Samuel Sharp- i.>ss. .\mos 11. Darlington, John Sanfortabl(>s award this COntriVaition a spei-ial preniinm. Giblx)n8 (Jray, Joseph Tom nsi^id. J. 11. Bull. Esq., Ziba Darlington. Josiuh lloopi -. L. P. IIoojms, (J. B. P. llingwalt, Richard Taylor, and Amos 11. Darling- ton, exhibited 2 doz. of Onions eaidi ; J(Ksi}ih Iloopes and Lewis P. Hoopes 2 doz. (^irrots each ; Paschall Morris &, Co. 2 doz. vSalsifv : Marv Shoemaker. S. W. Haines, William J^ickson, Thomas B. Jacobs, Jo- siah Iloopes, Lewis P. Hoopes, Uriah IL I'ainttTand Elizabeth Abel, 1 (piart of Lima Beans each: Paschall Morris & Co., and D. B. Hinman, jr., 0 heads of ('ah bagecach; Timothy Nolan. Iriah H. Painter. Jolm Vlckers, Rachel Taylor and Joseph P. Seeds, 1 doz. Beets each; Mrs. Sallio A. Ingram, t> heads >{ (Nde- Tv; IjCWIs p. Hoopea and Rachel Taylor i\ i'ruit of hgg Plant each ; J. & M. Bennett, Vhebc Embree and Lli/ahei!i AJpel, one peck <»! 'i'onjatoes each Lewis P llo(.p(;s, ;i fair sample d' Ohester count cultivated Cranberrv : Mrs. Rachel Taylor, 2 dozen Okra. /'(//■//^/ •' "//x Srn/s. - Preiiiinin ior the, ],ost hall bushel wheat t" Henjamin Snudley; 2d best (Jersrv White) to \\ illiani liitllo; for the hont corn {ni!ii/,(. to John lames; 2d best corn to James A. ln;rnu;. Other sanijd'- id' wh-at were exhibited !iy Kirhtu,! J*im; (AN'ashington) William Littl'', (Jersey Wliii^v Lydia Hiii\'. II, Jelm !'>. d'ayl^r, i'-\ erett Connard, J. & M. BeiiU'tt and Oilpin Hickman. Two desie-ns of" needle work on canvass, v.-orkoil j- the year 1 7'." » was exhibited bv Kli'/.a 1). Sliari'Ii- and attracted nmcli attention, A yase, tuirn (1 in stone by Thomas Hall, nf \V . . Ohester, deNcrves particular notice. It contain i bo»piet of cut llowers. There are many omissions and ])robablv s.iin ■ .- rors ill thi--: report, as sonu' of it was noted ui.i vei'v adverse clnaimstances. Ther" wer" le a;' !: r^ hundred parc(ds or spec;im<'ns exhildted. — ViUak !«ut l"ew n'>te<; of the !nan V thiuirs seen and admired. anienL^ wliieli are t he iMIowing : Displayef horn \ liv \\ . \ L. Oreeii, ((.n-isiintr of .")') boxes, c«ri- tainin;i ■'» \\<-. each, niakin;i; 17'» lli>. For this display the tirst pi'emium was awarded. The seeiml pre- mium was ;n\arded to Wm. Oijilm, fnr a small' rdi.- play })Ut nf eijually fine (juality. Our attention wa« attracted bv the display of about seventv Tea Plant,";. ;:;rown from impi>rte(i seed and exhibited hy Mr. Ja- c(d) llew«'<, nf Dtdaware eonntv. 'idiese were en an averai^e about ten imdies hi<:h, luel pres(Mited a very healthy 'appearance. W(> learned that lie had many Huuiller ones in jiroeess of <-ultivation. A specim*m of Rice corn was t^xhibited by Sket durin;.:; the fall and \t;r- ter. The corn has not escap(Ml without injury. ^ thoue;h it has not sutTered as nnieji mm mi^ht havr ])een e\])erted from tlie h^nir continuance of th^"" dry weather. The trardeners ('omplain LTr-'ady.-^ Their v(^;retables as a ;:;eneral thiuix are very interior and many varieties are scarce and hi'i^h. The American Pomologist. — WtOiave a (\ipyeftl '*= beautiful wprk, which we will be happy to .s!e>^^' ^^' those desirous of seeing it. We will also be pleased to forward subecriptiona to the publisher. Horticultural Implements. ((.%.nlii>ur(i (xmi pMtrc in) Garden Waterin(j JU. — Of this uten-il there are several sizes; those tlmt Imld fr-.m three to four ^al- ii mf are of the proper dinensions ; they should he made (d" the ])est dniihle tin, havin-j; two roses — the one pierced \vith h.des the twentieth, the other the fortieth of an ineli. Keep them well painLedj and when not in use, the mouth d.-\Mi\\ard. The Gra.^^-^'l'jin'j lion "/• h'/ii/'r, V\^^. .'^, i-^ lor eut- :in<'' the turf or ;:rass liorders or walks. It should be Fig. 6. ef the very best steel, with a r. und, -trni,/ liandle, ubitut three and a half feet lon^;. Garden Hooky Fijr. 9, for dressing hedges, made of tlio very best steel, having a handle of an oval form, fA "f strong wood, three and a half feet l-n.i:, aiel ef a Mnall size that the hand mav enn\enientlv 'j:ra-[. it. Ganhn Shrars. l-'i-^r. 1". ai-e of varieu-^ si/- ^, I'mm sx t<-> iuil\r ]iu-\[ Mades, and used fur cutting ed-i- poses. They are of great \ariety and quality. The seven and nine-inch si/e^ are most convenient. Jjadics^ Shears, Fig 11. These are of the' veTy Ijoet Fijr II. material, neatly made, for the use (d" ladles wlu; take a deli;;ht in gardening operations. (ii e are made exprc.>.-ly for cutting gras.^-ed^^ing^. and have a wheel Fig. 10. mgeofBox, clipping hedges, and many other pur- Fig 1-2. that rests (,n the walk xshile the .shears trim ^'iY the grass, It is a \ery e -uvenieiit and expedition.- iiii- J)lement. l^Ianagcmcnt o\ 'l"ol)arro« IKoAt llIK ri.ANT HKl) 1 ) TliK Hn(;snf:M). St Jf'eiion 'lud }\' ii>n'(ifin a^ f.' impi '\e them yx^rmanently, make good wheat and L'ra-^ or (dn\er eiwps aftei- the tobacco, aiol thus prevent the net'es-ity nf manurinu' the -ame hiiel, fir it is a Weil ascertained faet, that land made rich enough to bring good tobacco \\'\\\ improve forever under the rotation usually adopted on improyed farms in thi- part of Virginia. On land, able with a fair season to bring six or eight barrels of corn per acre, twenty loads of good manure with nice preparation and culture, lair season, kc.^ will make about ono pound of teep and thorouj!;h ])lowin;r, with tlu; suhsoiler in have done in the day. IMowini!; in the wint»T,*^ a- (^aoh furrow, should Ik.' doiui from I>ecem)>er to the ' al>()V(! directed, the use ol" salt, two or three huj^ht -^ llrst of February ; always, if ])ossible, when tlu; land j)er acre in ]Man-h, and frecjuent i)lo\vings, harn>v,- turncd each day will freeze at ni;;ht. AVe thus <«jet . in^^s, &c., in the same month are the best [>reventiv.'> (jirasshoppers also do some damage, but the groaUr diPs,*' called the tobact rid of a multitude of worms of diflerent kinds, the land becomes friable, and is more easily workecl, and it better r(?tains moisture. My own opinion (though i worm, jiroduccMl by a lly with ;l 1 -ng pro]>(»scis, ki-,., 1 dillVr with many good planters) is, that no large | and laying hundnnls of eggs in a short time. The plow should b(} used on tobacco land when it is once wntit be kept oiV nr the crop wji! I)e good for nothing, broken u]>. The new ground coulter, coulter shovel, | Co over once a week always after thev conio. an I '1- ^ one-jiorse mould-boar<] x'r- ■ ! : I i I < 1 1 1 1 ! ( • incri.'l^ ; \\>r illl:- -t tilth. :ni(] h< tlir !H'>t rl'..p< '.'" t Nvirc. if jiOSsil)li>.- ■iwisc KILI,. : wliou thc^v arc \('i'\ ooiiKrcii- I '' j Catcli clean, and cyu>:h iTnilM T"/-jH'it(/. — A\'c top till- fi!-:-! f'.'A ]i];nit> to ten Icavcv ( j>fi!iiii;;r Inw. s.iy !( 'ii r iiichc •; trciiUlM Kill.) to hriii • 'the (T'lp ill cVCldy: th( ll U I'c.V ^hnuld l,r toplXMl :. nine for the sanu' purjwsi'. IJut the great bulk oft!;- crop gntwn for long strips <.r ship]»ing should hav' only eight leaves. Foi- . Ic w'.ng tolracco, on the rid IVt'-li hinds Mi lbiii-\ coi-.nt V. I lii-v i > fourteen aU'l sixteen leaves to make a tlin'. silky tirticle. ('xtl'nuj. — Let the crop be rip(^ if you want a ;i;o, h(»avy article. It will improve from ten to twcntv i>li c>\ . li:ii-f( i\\ (►r all of them may l)e u->'(l ti> -( i tl feet order, which must l^' l;nit old land, — it is bad to ]>lant any on a season, i. e. just after a rain, on hills cut off to rec(*ivc it. It will bak«\ ann late there is dan^^": strength ol Uii^ soil. It would he a waste of ammu- ' of fi-ost; and at all times of storms and winds, whi»' nition to give threii feet eight inches distance on land injure it very much. only able to bring one pound to six, eight or ten! J/oif.sifif/. — Many persims scaffohl tobacco. I noTc ])lants, yet I find this the most convenii iit im land I do, and that plan is losing popularity. You can \nv that makes a pound to three or four plants. The ' nearly as much in the house as can be put on ?ca' hills should always be nearer in the rows, say, (»n | fidds,* taking off the time necessary to mak;' them, I. good land, rows three feet inches by three ieet two or | hauling on hmg hay huhlers and* hanging from tli four incln^s. After the land is i»ut in good order lay i buU;s.' Cut down hills on a space sullicient to liol; off with the shovid plow, having stakes (M(u;il in length ! from one hundred to three hundred sticks of ci^rhi •4o th(» width of two rows, and then s]dit in the mid- ' }d:ints to the stick, say 800 to l!,4(Mj plants, sliin-1 die. You may thus have the rows nearly as straight • down with the heads towards the sun, cover witi, as gun barrels, and of uniform width, saving land, straw, or bushes, or weeds, any thing to pnwent mhi and tending highly to good looks, which should be burn, of whicdi there is great danger in hot w«'athtr always observed when possible without t(»o gr(>at loss, j fre.juently a]dant will ])urn beiore it is limber encu^'i Next, list the land with a one-Jiorse mouldboard to handle* without breaking. Jiouse and regulate plow: one furrow on each side of the shovel furrow j at once. The old notion of scrouging, as it was cal' will answ(>r. If you have any nice manure to spare, | ed, ^.i- ( rowding ii in tlic house, to xTllow it, is a Nc sift it along th(^ shovi 1 iurrMW Ix'lbre the listiiiir is done, sow ]>laster }>roadcast t»\er it, oi^^ bushel per acre, and hill u]* wiili biotMlbocsj. A good lanl can i s\ ;i \ lo V] h cause- it i-i i <\'\\]\ lifeless. make from three thousand to I'miv tli ■ii^-niu (lav. rinstcr. — I use om^ bushel as beiore .viat< .1. hi >idt .^ one bushel when the manure is scattered, li.r (^ach acre, and tlien plaster each plant after it gets good liohl in the ground. 1 never use plaster on a tobacco lot after that crop is taken off for some four years. rhtni'uKj. — l>o not be in too great a hurry to plant. L)»t your plants be large and strong. I have seen William (Jarth, Kscp, top tobacco in tliv ■ wt^^ks from the day the plants were set out. Wor/iinij. — The best rule is to destroy everv crust which forms on tlu; land up to the middle of August, and sometimes later, according to the stage of growth. Plow twice. The tirst time run two strokes with a new-ground coulter and one with a coulter shovel, and then scrape down. The second tine run as be- fore, and hill up. This amount may answer in A\\ seasons, but it is frequently necessary to {Im'a three times. Never let your crop get grass or weeds in it if it is possible to prevent it. Some seasons it will be found impossilde; then we must work according to the tenor of the question. Some seasons we find it best to use mouldboard or turning plows to aid in keep down grass, &c. Many persons prefer them; some use the shovel altogether. Wof-vu! Wonns! — Last class animal kingdom. — 1 hills Vor IV-in ri-h! t 11. Ii !n:ik(^s it •■ jpaise-burn," lUi'; ■oiiif \-,l:;i! liif Jle'l•chant^s call starky (Jive umplo r')'.m lictween the stiok.v twi]\c incfi- iv jicst, even thoup:h :'. titrco V'lU to i('-l)an'j:\ Mi'i'ta! man eannot euro tt - haceo \N v\l too t luck in t !:o \\< lU-^o. ('if){h(/. — 1 find that m^> aiiiile is running nw in*- curing, so 1 had as w.dl come to that most ini})ortiUi' j>oint at once. After housing, the time necessary w wait on nature toprej^are the crop for fire depends en many contingencies, and must be decidiMl accordin,-'- ly. 1 will, however, give the best outline in my pov- er. Kipe, ri. ii tobacco will nMmllv. in hot weather. be ready f-i' fir- in fr..m tin-, o lu ti\,' da vs after heiivj housed. 1 liav(? on several occasions comnnMiced tir- ing on tho M cond day. There is great danger vi having the fire too hot fi)r the first twenty-fiair hour>. It must always be increased ]«rogressively and very slowly. Sudden flares do :i . niuch damage here a? in all other concerns. I lia\e s(>en whole houses of t(d.ae<'0 glaze«l mill greatly injur, d in ;t fr\s miiuites. Afioi' the nd.accM becomes t'iu-li»>ned and thoroughl} limhered, and that nearest the fire ])egiu8 to cur» then increase step by step from a slow to a strong fire. In order to make the best strips, or the best shipping t(d)acco, it will be found necessary to attaui to a very strong heat ultimately. I have seen a great many fine crops injured fi)r tln^ want of it. Tohacce contains chiefly water, woody fibre and oil; the water is by far the greatest ingredient in the green state, I I80L] COMMUNICATIONS. V! .' (Toii^niuniuitiauu. ..in.l after that the woody fibre. But the great active principleof the plant is its oil; and this we wish to nreserve in as pure a stat" as possible. To do so, Shall we {;r;)w t\ heat ui lobatto? have houses as tight at top as possible, except an j^ .^ qin^stlon, at ih\< time seriously agitating the ftj,erture extending at the top of the roof Us v. hole . ^^^ ^^^^^ fu-mers. The verv opposite l.n.rth made HO as to let off the vapor from within ", • , , , „ ..11/11 anllkl-p out the rain at the same time. Thi. idea nf th.^ <-auso v;h.ch leads them to think oi ahandon- idea I "••>t from Francis S. Seay, f »rmerly of IVMlford ing wheat, induces tlcm to enter ain the thought of eountyrhut who was in 1829 and IK]!) overseer f>r ,>,i,r;i.rin.r extensively in th'« cultivation of t(d)aceo— Win. Langhorne, K^q., of Botetourt. I think it one' ^ "^^ ,^^^^ ^^..^^ ^.^^^^ ^j^, ,, j,^^^^ -^ ^^^^ ^^, of tln^ swi. I ask through your c(dunin«<. the attention of such l)ie from th- fird ti-r i^dps up fo the eav--. oh^'-Nang, : fann -rs to a few simple trutlis which may n-i }ia\e however, liial raiu niu-t not ;u}i"'ro(l to l.ivit in •n suurge t''d to tli'Tii b- fore? The best house, ai-o n.ado , ,f inol, plaids r .ini.;d and ^ ^^ h,^'^^.M• 1 a r--a-d.d a- unwise policv to .-ive naih'd on the frame iKTp'aidicular!;,. 1 In — aroovage , ,•,,•• 1 r i ,' 1 , ' will allow the free pa^sa'ie of air, :>n 1 i.ro',..nt injury n|. ..!d ..nd tred inoi.U^ fa- m-v .,nd unn, .d ^^.a...- from rain. Tlci-- sli-uld l-' ar least iVomtu. t- d'!c' cultun' id' t(d>a<'co is a new field i i- lie Tonn^; 1 tliree feet of canli rnuowd from the floor and sh»ped .^.^,,;.i ia;i,i, r. and h- -liould enter it cautiouslv, and from it to prevent danger from fire; and '•*''"■ '■" '•;' , ,.-eu"aieU count ihe .ost bcAu'e enga-^nng in it." Tie also two or three feet more of sbme wall, all i!w bet- . " . w 1. 1 • i 1 1 . ter. Of all the houses that are burnt up 1 think nine- high price panl f..r 1 -nnsylvanm tobacco last sea^^on. tv-nine-hundredths have taken fir(» at bottom IV ui the has h-il many to believe that it will Ci)m!nind th" rolling down t)f logs. Nail strips also as iar uj) as : ^^.^j^^^; f,,i. many vears to come. This is an error, as a ,he first tier (,f p . „ „' 1 .. .,. 1, , •^.„„„ ' • . 1 i. 1 11 n .. 1 ; ,.1 .f ; wliK h it wa>^ taken. l>ut even und''r such circum- convenient order to handle. Fut down m what i> nm"* " ii^>'i t<'rmed single winrows, i. e. two lengths put with the , stances, too frcsition \\o have takt n in r vA to t(diacco. o/ • • J 4 t' Tl • . ,. , ' If ll' n, \\it!' an ;imrd'^ -uf-i.-ran- Slnppuid ai\n AssortuKj. — iln^se :ir'nna Mj,.ia " tions, and tie* prier> of the crop d ]> nd^. to a \"rv within reach to rotoia n. the sod iK" eonsidi'rable extent, oai :]i n 'A' nial'-rlal ;'! 1! !/ !n:r r\r landv n-nmrin win ai they are ,,, .,,ts it has lost, many farmers starv' ili'i'- executed. Put t::e best hands ti) assorting, and have ^^.j^.^^ ^^.^ ^^^, ^|^^ result when tobacco is substituttMl . or \ o 1 sllort. 1 — _ — — ... -,, _ ^_.. f )ur (iu-alities of tobact'o, viz: lon;c« <>r No. I, short, 1 , „ _„, . . 1 .1 i. 1 ^u third rate, and lugs. Tie nieelv. Have N,>. 1 and ; ^-^ ^vlieat? A\ hen the gram and the straw and the short hand by thr-e or four hands, ami hamled to the fodder are wanting, liow then will the manure heaj. biilker, to be by him packed straight in a box and \^q replenished? Ah, 1 ut savs one farmer, ''we will heavily wei-ht. Ml. 1 1 ave two hogsheads under prize ^^^ such prices for our tacco as will ena>d.. us to and pack in them at nit^ht Avhat has been striinxMl M^ , * „ t -i. ., ; 1 ..nn .luring the day of third rat(* an.l lugs. Pack it in I pn^vhase manure. ^ I ly it, we say i>> lo .1,, on nieelv, put on heavy weights, and take a fresh start 1 year's experience will satisfy you, that cmh .-houhi inth^ '--'- ^^^' ' ..,..1- . ,, .. .1 in the morning. If there should be too much of thirii<»s(«d of and which necessity uill soon iorcr intn market. The siiy.ply will he greater than the (hiiiand, and there must l»e a i-c(lu(ti(in in price. One of the most resj)ectald(i ami intelligent nianuractu- turer of tobacco in IMiiheh Iphia., assnrrd us :i i'.'w days since, that he did not think !'. ini^\ Ivania to bacco of the present crop,w()uld conujiand uion; tlum nine or ten cents. Now take your tol>acco at t. ti ets. per pound, and take witli it. ]'- nnccrtMintv a** a crop, the cost of manur(\s purehasetl t<' k •< p vour soil in good heart, and the cost of planting, dressing, curing and pre])aring it for market, and when you have summed up the aggregate of all these items,and ascertained the amount of your i)rofits, compare them with the average profits of your wheat crop f .r the last ten years, and let us know tln-ough the columns of the Farm eJournal, which is the mor." pr.^rnaliU. Our word for it, wheat will come off conqueror. If, however, wheat growing will not pay tiie farm- er, there are other things that will. A\'ill not some of your int(dligent correspondents, whose attention has been given to the subject, inform us whether gra/in- is not the most profitable pursuit in whi.li tie- P. nn- sylvtuiia fanner .-an en-age? I> ii nnt the ^r^•\ bestmennv. (uh.'n judiciously follou r.j j of rnriehing our soils, and is it imt uhat e\.Ty larneT shouhl ,1." (for a few years at l-a^t.) wh.,se kinds hav.' dr\rv~ iorated? These an> int.i-,.>ting .,u(Ti. >. which \n . hope to have satisfactorily answcnd. Xmp :iiv th.\ merely interesting—they are vastly iniin,nant.-^ Should we be blest with another such a harvest as that of the past Summer, the attention of our farm- ers must be directed in some other channel,thau ihat of wheat growing, and as the i'u-l] thry eiit.-,- up^n must be a new one, it becomes a matter of immense moment for us to understand thoroughly the chances (d profit or loss that await us. Hoping to hear more upon this subject, I remain &c, Lancaster County, Pa. i\ ^. L. 1 had my corn ground properly scored, and tlicn spread at every hill about a gill ^d' jikuio. Tiic hills were three; feet apart. 'Jdie corn was dropped en \\\o guano and thinly covered. The result was, that three- fourths ! a limestone mixed with sundand in a state (ddino cultivation. The remainder of the guano I applicM} in arcihtr p.vrt oi' the ficdd after the corn v,;is jihout an in.di in Ixdght, by sftreading it on thinly with the han.l.- Ib're the result was more satisfactory ; at h-ast it li costly a manure for ^-enc- ral use. In my MpiniMU, if plaster and ashe-^ ai-e ri-htly ap- plied wdieri the corn i- uj», its gi-owih \vlll h^ faci]it{i- te ai-i'e>te(l hy a cure of tie' hoof-ail in cattle, copied from tlie jJural .\t\v Yorker. As die season is a]>pruaching when thi^ disease is most pre- valent, especially in th(> stall ikd cattle, I offer your many read.,'r> a cui'- .M,ually .mhv. and attended with tar less incon\enIen''e and ti'ouMe. 'j'ake a con! about half an inch in diaun'ter and draw it between the hoofs of tJie sore foot, until il is wtdl irritated.— Then {lour turpentine ..n the irritated jiart, as widl .u^ upon the hoof", anil a cure will be eil'eetod in a Icw days. I have had cattle so ;uliected \si;h this disease that they were unable to walk, and always found that twooi- three applications as abovcdirected would result in a perfect cure. Samuel Mtmma. Locust Grove F'i/-i/i, JhuipuiiL cunfi/, Pa., S'j'f. '21, l-ol. l^uauo — lloul-ail. Mr. Editor:— Iu answer to your repeated calls for the results of experiments made with guano, by your own farmers in LancasU^r county, 1 will give you the result of mine in Dauphin, although upon a verv small scale. *^ In 1848, I ordered one barrel of Peruvian guano merely for the purpose of trying its merits upon corn! Ca-aiii and I'^Imir ^laiKct. P7u!aJcl2)hia.~\)^.uiiindivi- iduur has been limitcxl, fresh ground for exportation $4, for city use S4a4,12J, oxtra fimily ^Ijal^ r,ni,s;ilr^nnn jjye Flour, ?3,12;ia.".2r). Corn .¥ertZ— Pennsylvania no sale at $2,04. Wheat — New Southern lied has been in demand at 81a82c. New White, 8Gc. Prime old Pennsylvania white is held at 91a02c., and lied at 8Ca87c. Rye is in demand, Pennsylvania, G5c. Southern 61c. Corn— Dull, C)2a03c. Oa^5— 32ia34Jc. HM.l EDTTORTAL. 217 :;?li3!3ii5iant (Piiitar*5 Dcpavlincnt. A. M. SPANGLER, Assistant Editor. Agent.'-. The F.\R-M Joirnal may be had aL the following places : — W. R. ZiFi^.F.R, S((adi od St., priu'liial agent for Pliileh ■ Ilia. W. 11. SlANil.F.R, li. V . ^-v \Noi.i;ii, (ir.o. lb i; ,NHR, II. .MiMi;. d. 11. ""IIK'. oCK. II. M. i:\.\ I. INS, A. L. \\ AKi li'i.n, Tiancaster, Pa. Columbia, Pa. Harri>burg, Pa. I'ill-bur-. P.i. Chambersbiirg, Pa, Carlisle, Pa. \ ork Pa. and uf IJooksellers generally. Our Ollice. Those having bu-ini -.s to tran^ac»^ witli n- will ploa.se call at the Book Store of W. 11. Spangler, in they yvill be able to do so, but until this is done, we State Agrkuhujiil I ;ui. CHANGE OF DAYS. It will b'..; seen by the circular below, that the time for holding the State Agricultural Fair, has been changed to the 20th, 30th, and :Ust of October. This change wa?' rendered necessary on the part of the Committee of our State Societv, bv the strange con- duct of the mamigers of the Ma: \ land Agricultural S'icietv, ssli'i, wiib a c'rlam kni 'W l'd-;e t l the iat. 22d, and 2.;r(b days of Oct.d.er had been chosen four month- a;:o a'-" the time at. whieii Penn>vlvania Would hold ler .VLiricnhnial P.\hibita.u — and with the certain kuMwied.:" loi., ihat it bolli Kxhibilion-- Were le Id t/U th^' -am'da\ -.llie one would intcadere ^vitb lie ot!i''i* ->( In-ti il lur the ludditij; of their Pxhil'ition the vei'v .■«ame d.i\-- ;h'' Peun-viva- nla Commiit''e had ^"'t apart t'^r tieii' ] u/pose.-. The jMar\ land Commit te.' ma_\ p> rl;aps oWrv a goi^l exeusr in ext-iiuaiii 'ii "f their con be t. and v, e tru^t Xorth (^uecn street, LancastiM-. \sli r. wi- • r our rt presentativc will at all times be in attt ndanoe. Our .Vgciits ill the state I "air. For the information of those who purpose visiting the State Fair at Ilarrisburg, and yvho may desire to avail themselves of that oppoi-tunity to subscribo to the Farm Journal, yve state that W(^ and ^air aL^'nts will be on the ground dnri!'-- the \s hole of the Pair'- continuance, and that we \\il| be prepar. d to deliver cannot ci^c-id'r iheii- C(Mirs(^ in this ncaitt r. in any other lighl, liian tiiat "t" a total v;anl: id" courle.sy to- ward- P''nn.-\ Isania. If w.^ ar^' c irrtvtly informed, they were remonstrated with by our Ci>miiiittee, but declined changing the time. If they have good ;rn/unds of excuse let us hear them. Tile Committee (.f ib.' l\'nn.-\ l\:Lnia .^' ci.'tv are certii'nlv entitb^d t^ tb^ tbanlc^' of the communit v [^^r the course tlcv lia\e pursued. d't'-'r e. !,durt ]>re- sents a bold -'aura-t t.^ that of our Maryland neicrh- iho\ bad no otler aliernatlve than to do this, or have the oxhibiti'in ii.i^'rfcred with by that 'A Marylami, tle'V ha\ e done w t 11, ^^ e think. back numbers on the spot, .^lav we not ask that our friends throughout the State will aid u. ui our ellorts , ^'^''^- ^^^ '' "^^^^ '^''^ necessity that compelled them to secure a large numbar of subscribers at tlie exhi- ' *'* ^'^ =^ ^''^'''' ^•^^'^'^^' ^'^=^" ''''' '"^^dier period, but as bition. If they bidie\e the .burn.al worthy (d' patron- age, a word spoken in i;> behalf to a friend or ac- •[ua:ii*ance \^ ill (1,» medi towards in(rea.-inL' its cir- ■■nbit!Mn and n-- hilne-s. ♦\ .AN I ! \> \ niim'MM- . ,f ;i,(i\ r and comp'-tent aii'-nts to canvass for subscriber- at the Pair. None ncd appiv but those yvho can furni-h ,-at i-factory testimo- nials of character and ability. Address before tue State Society.— We learn that the Hon. Andrew Stevenson, id" Virginia, has ac- cu^pted the invitation t.. deliver the adf tlie K\r, ntivc Committ"'- of tie' Peiin-vKania St;i^' .\ j-i-icull iiral S.-eicty, b-ld at the hon-e ,d Mr. llerr, in liarri -^'Ur-. ^ .n d';e - lay. th.e 'JlIi day uf Scptemlier, ilej foUuwlng preamble and re- solutions were adopted : AVutreas, It has accidentally happened that the the Pennsvlvani'i State .A -rit-nltural Soidety and the Marvland Si;ite Agruailt\iral Sixdety have tixr,t the same dav"^ for their annual exhibition, ^^ Inch m:iy operate unfa\Mra)'ly t<' 1h tb : and as our Soeiety to recipiocate iivilies with, and promote t!u-' suc- cess of, all -tier Societies that have for their (d»ject the inn^rovement of Agriculture and the Mechanic arts ; therefore, Reifolved, That tlie days heretofore fixed ior the ex- hibition .d" the p. nn-yh'aTn'.a State A L'vicnhnral So- ciety, be and tb'' -ame ar(> hereby changed, and tixtd to be upiui the 2'.'th, .'iCtli and 31st of October, i>51. liiiiolctil, That the above and foregoing be printed and circulated, by transmitting the same throughout and to all agricultural periodicals throughout the United States. I certify that the foregoing is a true copy, from the minutes of the Society. ISAAC G. M'KINLEY, Secretary pro tempore. Mii -4 *. rf 91 • * . 218 EDITORIAL. [October, Horticultural KxTilhltions, AVlst Chester. — AVc visitod West Choster durliif]; tlu! Horticultural Exhibition and had tho plcaHuro of oxchan;i;Inc!5 congratulations "with many old and valued friends there. We left home with no exaltcnl antici- pations in regard to the charaoter of the Exhibition, as we supposed all fruits had suffered from the effects of the drought. Our ride across the country from Downingtovvn to AVest Chester did not serve to re- as move our anticipations, we never saw a country so completely dried up. On the hill sides, not a blade of | p^j^^^ snHi i. iiti\ ly dlsa[)[)i)into(l. The display was very crodital)le. arid served to (dicit general admiration. The llowers jinl jlants were in a good condition and lof>ked well — the designs taste- ful and elegant, and the veg(*tables as fine as any we have ever seen. The fruits also win*e in abundance and of very superior tiLi\. We atbjnded the annual exhi])ition of this associ- ation, and as usual, enjoyed highly, the rich tn^at. — The display of ])lai)ts, flowers and vegetables was not considered as good as usual, nor iiuleed was it to be expected. There w\)yo, notwithstanding, many tliiiiirs to admire, an^l which gave evidences of great care and skill in cultivation,. Amongst these, the A'irt(»ria llegla, grown ])y Caleb Cope, Esq., at an • xjMnse of several thousand dollars, attracted, uwl >l.-,r\('/l! v too, the greatest attention. Tlmusan U visited tlie exhibition mainly for the purpose (.f ]).li ■! lin: this great triumph of horticultural skill ai^l wro highly gratified. Several of the leaves measuring nineteen feet in circumference were placed in a basin express- ly constructed to receive them. Mr. Cope was also enabled to exhibit several of the magnificent flowers. As we give a highly Interesting account of the nunle of cultivating the A'ictoria llegia, wc refer our readers to it, for a more full and satisfactory description. The fruit department was, Ave thought, the most liNQJiiRiES AND Answers. — J". J I., of Jennerville. Chester county, desires to know whether locust or other suitabh^ trees might not be advantageouslv [)lanted along present fence rows, and when of proper size be made to answer the [impose of posts for wire fencing. AVe think they might. 'J'lie boring of the holes through which tlie wires pass, woob] prove no serious injury to the locust. The great objection to all win- fences has been tip' trifFnailty "f -Miii-ip.^ ihe end well !m JM'ir I !h' lica\ V .-! i-ii.iii n(" tl,' \vin<. This dlliicully wniiM br (»li\iat"d b^ tlic u-. of trees a-- p')st«. So far a> a}ei<'ai";niiT an! 'lurabi! ilv are ciini-ertieil, tliere 1^ e\ ( r\ lliiiii:; in ia\"r ofour correspondent's suggesiinn : but wliilhei- llie Hiimunt '.r,.!iail' lV"!ii t'i-' trees -w^uM nut be against th(^m,i.s a (piestion. The sami^ correspondent asks, '' W ii at is the best methini of j)i'eservlng winter pears?'' Our ','xperienco with winter pears has been limited ; but a gentleman upon whose judgment we rely, informs us that win- ter pears carefully packed in kiln-drh^d saw dust. \\ ill keep longer than any other way he has tried. PtT- ha})S some of our correspondents will be able to givo a more satisfactory plan. If so, we shall be glad to hear from them. Imposition. — A correspondent complains bitterly of several gross impositums practised upon him by certain nursery and seedsmen. As no names aro mentioned, we cannot say who the gnilty parties an-. but let them be who they may, their conduct I? highly reprehensilde and deserving of public ex)>e- surc. If persons whos'3 knowledge of trees and plaiit> i< iii.t ^ufTieient to (Miabh^ t!r:^m to dej' aid u]->on it in the seleclion- Anieh they wish t" make, cannot rel\ iiii r li -iiiv u'jii ii t!' ' honesty and Integrity of the nur- >ei'\ni ai Ir ail win ni thev nureha-e due-au' nt i'-r \\\vn\ to i uanl. M< ;- !•.■ ■- iiltlo ID- .h. not like to wa>le year.- ui'earefiil aiLciiLluii upon Irult irees of doubtful excellence. Every one who has ever plant- ed a tree WMth the expectation of enjoying its fruits, knows with what keen anxiety its first products are looked for. If, instead of the superior (piallty he ex- pected, lie finds, as in the ease of our correspondent. " siTubby l)itter fruit, nKMitlontnl by pomologlstsonly that it may be avt^ided,'' it is not difficult to conceive how deep is his mortification. For the honor (»f onr'^nursory and seedsmen wo creditable of the exhibition. The pears were mag- hope that our correspondent did not suffer at their nificeut, and the peaches and grapes, &c., very fine. As we shall have a full report of the proceedings we defer further notice now. Back Numbers.— We can supply back numbers of the Journal to a large extent. If any of our subscri- l>era have failed to receive their numbers regularly, we will forward them without cost, on post paid ap- plication. haie]<. <>'ir ibMilinjis with tlian have alwavs been of the most satisfaet(»ry character and we trust thai the causes of complaint above referred to, are rare. Ameiuc.vn Plows at tue World's Fair. — ^^^ learn with pleasure that ^lessrs. Prouty & Mears ce- lebrated plow. No. 40, was awarded the first premium at the World's Fair ; eclipsing in merit, all competi- tors. John Bull, we presume, will feel a little sore. I 1 iSol.] KOLTOiUAl. 210 of these monuments as due to a tremor or vibration of the earth, a phenomenon which may be imitated with cubes of a hard material placcnl upon each other at finding himself beaten out by the "riw yankees," in an implement for which England ha^ always claimed pre-eminence. The triumph of M'Cormick's reaper, too, is another sore thrust at the vaunting ..n a table, which is to be mad with the ge(dogIcal theory. l>y Kl -azar Lord. With an introduction by Uiehanl \V. hiek- insoin 1).P. Xew Y..rk, Charh^s Scribner, l^.)l. This is a remarkable book, devoted to gecdogical subjects by an author wlmlly unaennaint. 1 \N*'h 05^0- h)«n-, and the vi. u>-:'ne -l-rn _- -h'-ists. Viewsar- combatted whieh n.'h. 'ly niaaitain-. ;i;el w,.;-.! ean- not be ]>oint(.ii i/ut in ai^.y L^^ologi* ;.l b'>ok. The an- thers'* have been luM-i hy il ■ spirit -1 l!ev)risin/. i]"sire to ni i K nr- a 'I i>^tincti\e iKinr W . have received from C. I., b >gers, seedsman, .'! . ,, , m/ ,.,\ on,l ,,. ., 1 , 1- 11 1 rn • 1 , , -a : bv (h'viatln"- from received livpcthes.-, (p. m) J^ri ' riuladelphia, a small sample of Oeorgui ^^n. at. \Mth , ^:i '^' o , • • 1 ^ *i > .,^;..:f ,,£ , ^„ . , . ,. r •. ! . 1 1 I as " no one can surrend(T his nnn 1 to the spn.t ot tiefidlowmg description of its charaeit r an 1 mode , as u ^ un ^ „.,:.i,. '' (,, ,r.,un is .nail bi.t well fiUo,! and s„l,d. M ■ . Ko.ors ! xu.) tl.eread.n- ,n.y .•oll_ pn- t the ." ''•"^'•' ^ ' inte,Kl« exhlhitin? tho samnl- ho hn. receive,!, at, ho ! hy Rcologi.sts. t„ th<. tl.cor,r. „f tho.e wh„ know - .State Fair. There appearn to he a large diff.renec iu \ t''i"J^ '^'"'"t g^"''>S»--'\l scMcne..._esi,..c.all.v v en U^^> ,l,e via,ls „„ Mr. l4er.' tw. farms, th.e one heing | ^^^^ "'-'• '"^" ^"^''■'^ •-•'!r-'?-^ f-'^ '^ '"" '"'* ^ r.i-t; hushas to the acre, the other only twentv-four. 1 pretation ..i the words (.f Mos.v. ,,„. . ,-, , „ ' •: ,; The author of the introdueti.m states (p. \XMi) 7A«r ."^d;— Tins IS a white beardless varietv, cul- ^" .... ,■ „n;nt.>ii,.<. ^ sown broadcast on an acre gave a yield of fi>rty bush els on my farm in upper (Georgia. My mode of cultivation is as follows: Tb.e stubble was turn(>d under the first of Novemlx^r. with one of your two-horse sfdf-sharptMiIng plows. Sixty l)usheb3 of slaked lime to the acre, were then harrowed in, a ter which the wheat was sown ])roadeast at the rate of one bush«d to the acre on the lOth of Divember. — It wa<< tln'U imme(liate!v hai r iwed twice, aail a_a:n harrowed al»out ih.e Imiii ''I" Mii-h. wien in good growing condition; aii'! r-lh-i \vi:h a lea\y r"lh r. — V. harv('ste(l it on the I'Jth of I iin(\ the average* yield being twentv-four 1 n-h' 1 . llniT M;1» Pi.TKRS. I, -iM-irtv m ,,,.];. h t:. .>l'.^i-t. st;;- Booli iX allien. FArmrnt:^ of arohufj/, intended f r tle^ v the iu.> in any part of Europe. An sal d Mareb. \^-'>\. thai Mi llif eavt h It r 111'-.' l;a 1 ni.e- en a to The interest of the public in geology, has increased -tire new creation hM nu^ceeded .> -i--^^-^ such an extent that it is now tau-dit in the princi- ^^^d death."-Am. J. Sci. Sept. Ib.l, 1 - ' N -A- pal academies, and even In some of" the colleges of But, sa^s Mr. J.ad, p. S^, " This beggarly, eartii- of the ( ountry. l>rof. St. John's book is well adapted born scheme, is scarcely to bo treated of witheut im- for clas.ses in schools ; the principal facts of the sci- | :iti. n.e anl indignation"-and b^ dares to apply once are given; an outline of Amerl. an as well as i this (ami sti!! hai -h. r t. ani^) tn tli. . p.rations ol the foreign ge.dogy is included, and it is fully illustrated Almighty in creating :nel exterimnatne^ animals be- with figures. f,>rc the advent of man, because man eould not be at The condition of the obelisks of St. Bruno is cited the head of these ! < m p. I > I he asserts that " there by goJ)/nfft,l nnr aUe may expect a c(»n. stantHow froiti hisp(dluted fountaiti, llr has limited liiuiscH to Knglish and .Vncrii an works, even when he might have sustained some of his views Ijy French and (Jerman autJiorities ; although, if he hail (juoted som<'what lar_:i;t has thoroughly n-viscd his excellent manual. It is a snnvde concise treatise nunn t}i.> ,.iihi\ ..ti-.j^ (,f |jj^ most desirable varieties, the dir«'cti(;i).M litinL:: clear and explicit, and may ho readily undei>tn(Mi jind prac- tised by all. Mr. ji's Ion;; (WfuM-ience and complete success hav(.' given him an enviable position, and will n<» douht create a large demand fur his neat and use- ful little manual. The Modr.l Architect, Ko. 3, containing original de- signs for Cottages, Villas. Subin],:iii Residences, ifcc, accompanied by explanations, sj.ecifieiitions, estimates and elaborate ib-taiN. iVe., (fee. By Sammd Sh.an. .Vrchitect. L. ^S. Jones, & Co., l*hilad«;lphia, I'ublishcrs. It is gratifying to (d)serve the laudable efl'orts mak- ini; in various directions to disseminate a more *'eii- eral taste Inr beauty m ardiitect ure ; and it is more gratilying still t(. llnd that as a ]»eMpM\ we are fast rising above the mere utilitarian ideas wi.ieh ikht*'- sarily characteri/e a iiew and Njiar.-e popidatien. — Not only are we ra[)idy ad> pting ta.'^t- t'ul and ele^mt desio:;ns for citvand coiintrv residences, bu; are ((iii- bininir with beautv. e^e^v thinsuiwing tlie places of the im-i-litlv buildings, de\oid of elegaiiee or cnnif'»rt, \\hich arc met with in i'\^'\'\ sei'iinn ef the ciwhirv. Th<' \Nork bel'ore us is designed to aid projectors and artisans in their efforts to cultivate a more refined taste in build- ing, and as such, we commimd it to public attention. AVe will be jilease.l to icrward >ul»Ncriptiuus to the l»ublishers. Price 50 cts. [•<•)• \o, C'(mfen(s of Ortoher \«>. - lt):Ji No. '2, - vx\ To Correspnndt'iits, The Agricultural I'uir, Manure, l)r(>UL,Mit, itc, • V.)\ Agricuitural Ciicinistry, - !!».') Spriiiif wheat. - - . I'lf) Kiiucation W. ( 'oiitaiii^ alxiiil \'.M\ .•Keren, wirti iiiiuhtoiir ,iiid never fail. iiiiT springs o| water, an ahuiulanee ol wood and aimii.ar soil. Beaver liiin, a beautiful stream, with a valuahle water povver. runs directly tli rough the place. The la nil is in a high.ly productive Slate — the hue natural ijuality of the soil is known, and will be at- tested to by the whole neighborhood ; and tho.«m aSroad, such as Deodar cedars, Cedar of Lebanon, New Japan Cedar. Himalayan Spruce, Chili Piiie, New Junipers, several va- rieties ot \ ew, (Vc , A:e. Honeysuckle Vines and other creepers. Dwail Fearsoii Ciuinee, of fine size and quality, for immetlate bearing. Cherries on Mahaleb, also Hardt/ Ff.rpetual lioscs, a large asa.prtatnl; VfrUnaf, DaUlias, Phlo.rei, Chrysantkttnurns. liul- bons ro. ts, »88\ Hyacinth^, double and single Graje ^'inf.%, box Edging and (Jreen House I'laiits. Trees and Plants delivered m IMiiladelphia. carefully pa.-ked tree ol charge, and despati hed thence by public convryance to any part.it tire Tnion. Orders by mail carefully attended to; eata- logues turniBlied irratis , ,r ma y he olitaiiicd o( 'a .M.Spangicr, pub- Usher ot 1- arm .; .liruaj, iii Lancaster, who will receive orders. At our Agricultural and Horticultural Warehouse, we can also supply a,l kinds ol unproved Agricultural ami Horticultural imple- ments, a;so hiH.l, (iarden and Flower see.ls, fre-ih and genuine - Country Moreken-ers supphe.l at reduced prices wtli seede, neatly put up 111 papers tor retail cales. PA^CHALL MORRIS, .V CO. _______ West Chester, Pa. FKl IT ANi) nKNAMKXTAL TKKKS FOK SALi: At the Fair- View Nurseries Moorestown, Burlington Co . N J — 50,tK)0 Apple Trees, from S to 10 and Vi feet high, emlraemg about 150 Select Varieties, ripening in Buceesslon from the earliest to the latest. Also, a large (juantity of Peach, Cherry, Pear, Plum, Apricot. Nectarine, Almonils, < Quince, Crape Vines, e'.v. Th-- Fruit Trees have |irineipally been worked from .standard trees, which leaves but little room to doubt as to the correctness of tlie Fruit, which has taken the premium .at the PciinsNlvania U^ rticol- lural Society and others for the last ten years. 50,000 Deciduous and Evergreen Oiiianantal Trees and Shrubs, Btieh as Siiijar and Si! v r .Map'cfl, .\miriianaiid European , "Moun- tain Ash. Lindens. Horsc-fh. snuts, .American Larch, of a large size, suitable for road and f- ^ .tr'^ ; Rordtrs. etc. A liberal Discount will be allowed to persons wno buy to sell again Descriptive Cata!()gue8 furnislual grar.s to (uust-paid appli- cants. JOHN PKRKINS^ I'roprietor. TlIK MODKL SKKl) STOKK. Srx) }farh:t street, ahore 8M street, Phitad<-Ijdn'a. I MODKL SKKl). STOIIK. V/ VK(iKTAlU.K SKKDS. oy>yy kii'iwii \iiri('tv. FI.iAVF.i: SFFT'.'^, ".10 varieties. (iKA.^s ;u;ii rn:L!> eid and A-t icultural Warehouse. ^o. 20. Market Street, Pkila. -HLRl. thesu!,scribcrhasoo^,,ed an extensive assortment of Jr. ::,'';'', ''JIV'*??/'?*^"''''' ^'" "^^" ra.smg.or recent imjH.r. tution, and warranted to he as represented He IS, also, manufactunnir uU th#» nn^t .^.v.^ i a i. i , , ' vvuiiii^ uu ine iiK>at approved Agricultural mplen|ents among which he would call theattention o. Farmer. Fxtendm."/' ;^f':-^:''^ *"" "^" 'uventum, CHlIe,! Cast Steel, Which for durab.uty and easy of draft d • allot which Will De .old ca, the m-sl reasonable price. h^J ' "*^' ***'*• C. B ROGEHS. AgriruUur.il ;iiiil llnrtirultui.il 1 nipl.inojits. THOMAS F. CKcrr. J'r.ipri.tpr. A;r(*nt of" Fiiiii;i, I'-.mn -I' uriuil. i TO F.\K.>ll':i^> ! i FAXFUFAK .t JFFFKKIFS. REJ^PECTFULLV invite th»' aif.'nhnn ol K.irmers and others to their Estahl ishiTient T r the ii,:iioifactQre of Farming Implements ami especially to tin ir ce'chraicil IMPROVKD (;R.AF\ fans. which they confidently assert will do more work in a shorter spocs of time, and with less labor, than any other Fin now in use. The»e Fans, wherever introduced, have giv»m coiriplete 8ati8faeti(»n,ar»d a larce number of te.'itimonials roubl be procured, testifying to their superior merits. I They als«i manufacture, to order, Agricultural ItiiiiIciim nts of vn- ri nis kinils • su'h as Strdic Cuttcrf^ Cuilirators. Plcu^hs, Hamrtrt, I Having had many years' experience in the best shops in tH« country, they are jirepared to do work of a sii;)crn>r (juaiity a lilli*! ; cheaper than any ether estbalishment in th«' >fate. 'J lie\ willwar- ' rant all iheir work to he what it is represented. A warrant given with every (irain Fan. giving the purchaser the priviicye of re- turning it. sho'ild It not do good nnd quick work Thev will deliver them, free of expense, any distance wilhfn fifty miles of t!ie niamifact'Tv Their 5hop is .it flie junction ,4 the Marietta .and (^olumhi.a Turnpike. Laiic.asti r. T.i , s\ h< re they will be happv to have Farmers call and examine for themselvea. Price of Fans. .No l.'argesize, - - - f^'2i ()0 " " "2, small size, ... 'J'2XK) Several good and responsihle Agents want' d in the Western and Mi«ldle part of Pennsylvania, to whom a lair percentage wiU he allowed. All orders addressed to Lanphier and J-lleriea,. I^ij. caster Pa., will meet with prompt attentum. June l-tf. ^STKAWBK U KY I'LA Vl^T I^UV. subscriber offers for sale IDOO young and thrifty Straw?*r- ry plants at low prices. This anil the following month bem^f the proper time to form new beds to bear fruit the following yr^r J.F.HELNITSH Aug. 1, 185L No. 18, E act King »t .N. jtb *iOe,lcn. 1 oo ADVERTISEMExNTS. [October, IS.U.] ADVERTISEMENTS. MOMCiOMKilV^S UXUIVALLEl) IMlMtoVKl) UOCKAWAY 'Hub cclcbrutcd FAN hua been thoroughly tested and tound to axcel all otlierb now in use forcleaning the ti.der-nt V.n.iHof t-rum Tins .n.provc.i.ent l.y M<.nt-oinery & Brother consists m a dv't preier them to all others they have use.l-anl very many of the best Agriculturists have Kiven their cerlificates that the lact ol these machines screeii- iiitf theirram twire perfectly than any others now in u»!, r.uf J j^jTk, .1 ';it; .vi. , ! .' I| .ltli»..| f,' !-*)«, I- ■ .|i.i|l,., , ilV^l'Sttio-r:. ,.- J*' '''',' L '•' ■''>' . '-'■ ' :»» ►.-».1 Ml~< 1 ', ' ' \nvu |;i'|!:i.K:;ll'lf,;|,::il!. '!.Vif.i!f.|f-lii„:- so fill i\!J •' ^'oriU.E-A('TlNr., TJFT AND FOUrE PIMI'S The subscriber munufaclures Double-acting Lift and Force Pninps, of all sizes, for Factories, Mines. Railway Water Stations Breweries, Stemnboals, Steamships, Tan Works, i^hips, Water Boats, HotLiquids, Family Purposrf, kr. VILLAGE AM) KACTOIIY KIKK KNGINES. Gard«n Engines, Cistern Pumps, Well Pumps, for any depth re- quired. Hose Couplings, C«>pper Rivetted Hose of all size*, Onui- namcntil Cast-iron Fountains, &c. PuTchaters are respectfully invited to call. Adt ooiuiuunications by mail will have immediato attejntioD.B G. B. FARNAM, M CUIT It., aoM Faltoo, N. T. PKNNA. TATEN'r ACiEXCY OFFICE. Inventors and oiheis, having business to tmiisnct at the Unitnl Stales Patent offiec, are hereby informed, that the und( rsigiied will attend promptly to all business connected with said olhce, ar.fi will complete Perspective and Sectional Drawings, and all re(;i5i- site papers, Caveats Specifications, Disclaimers, XssiginrnMits. Ac. and make the proper applications for the securing of Letters I'ti- tent, according to law. MACHINISTS AND INVENTORS will save time, trouble and expense, by first consulting hitn, and the strictest secresy will be observed, relative to their invcr.tumi' and claims. The (tlHte iri at present located in Centre Scjuare, two doors sooth of the Lancaster Bank, where the list of patents granted since ttc year ITlKltothe present day ran be examined, together with ' u- nn-ri'us »pecitif;\tions, drawings and miMlcIs, and evrv iniormat;ckhoiderR i» rtivuUuiily Liable) lor the Insurance of liorsfi, Mw/'-s F^''-* BHih,SI\ffp\Cnitlf.. ifc . against Fire, Water, Accidents and I>'S- ease. Also, upon Stock driven to Eastern markets, or transpoitrtl ^)uth. JOHN 11. FRICK. General Agent for Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. RXrCRKNCKS : Wood, Abbott k Co., ) Trnitt. Brother \^ Co.. \ Philadelphia. Cootes & Brown, > Agents: JOHN ZIMMERMAN, I.flnca»ter Pa. CHARLE.S F. FRICK, Reading, Pa. /JAMl'KL H TAYLOR, Mauch Chunk. Pa. Dr. John G Ncovkrm. Vcteriunry .*?iirc<^^ May, 1861.) Examiner for I^nca«t«r Couufy KAi;.MKllS PROTECT YOUR HOUSES & BAIINS. ] S)inaiiy accidentshave happened from lightning during the past \ Suminer, that every prudent and careful farmer should at once | lubipt such means as will be most etfectual in preventing them.— When it 13 remembered that certain safely may be secured at a ' v.-ry tritling expense, it becomes tne duty of every larmer and f .Mxi citizen to avail himself the proffered means By so doing, he not only secures Ills pro|)erty from lire by lightning, but pr:»- I tccts also his family and thoie ar»)und him. These are important c.uisiderations and siionld have great weight. Those who desire a a Lightamg Rod. pronounced by the hrst Scientific men in our country, tlfe very best in use, will hiid it on application to TIlOS \R.M1 TACE, at his Magnetic Lightning Hod Factory, Vine Street, .editors above I'itli, Philadeli.hia. These Rods are finished with all the improvements at nearly the same pi ices as the old kind. (tl . rA(iF;S("llUlLAI{ SAW .\11M.S. CIloKdM VMU-: cV ("(). Shroi'l 8<-vt. Ship M \RY PLEASANTS, Ca;a. li R. licrari, The nhove fir^^t class ships arc limit ot the best inaiori- als, and ci)mm;uuled by experienced navigators. Due re- gard ha.s been paid to seh'ct models lor .speed with corn- April 1.^)1 h J 11 lie ]tii Aug. L^ith Oct. 1st Dec, L'lth Feb. ;i8t May, I'nh July L^t Sept. 13th Nov. 1^1 Jan. L^ith Mar. l^t June l.'ith A.i>;. 1st Oct. L^th Dec. l^t Feb. ir)th April iHl July l^th Sept. 1st Nov. l.^.ih Jan. IfM .Marc hi 5th May IPl JOniNAL OF THE FRANKLIN INSTITL'TK, of the Slittc of l*rn)isf/Innn'(tyJor the promolion aj' (/\r Mtc/tnnif A lis. '' I 'in' oldest Mechanical i'eriodical extant in America, is pub'ished 1 on the tirst of each rnonlli in the City of i'hiladdphia It li«8 been regularly i%.sued for upwards of iwenty-hve veHfs, :iiid ta carefully edited by a ciMiinuttec of scieiitihc gciitlemon uppoinled for the purpose, by the Franklin Institute. The deservedly high reputation, both at h' me and aliroad. which this Journal has acipiired and sustained, has given it a circulation mid exchange list of the best character, wlii<"h enables the Torn, mittee on Pnhlications to make the beat selections from Foreign Journals, and to give circulation to original coriiui'mic-ilions on mepp' r ami (ill wood of those subjects wliicii re(;iur«' th»'in. 'I'lif sii!'.«criiilioii price is F've D(dlars p'-r uiiiinm, payable on the completion of the sixtii nuuiber; and it will be forwarded frtf o^' j)o.st;ii:c w.n'ii five do[,;irs are r^llleS8 must be directed to " the .\ctnarv of tiic l^'runlviui liiotitute, Pliiladrip'na, /'eiirs-, : v.iii'.a.'" ttie postage pa d. W.M. ilA.MlL 1(,).\ . I August 1, 18jL Actuary, I \,1 TO IAR\li:i!S. I'j.ANTKKS. MARKET r.AUDENKRS t t»THKK<. PREPARED OR ARTIFICL^t (;rA\()--..]fu'uufhrfurcH onlj/ hj A7 A /7>7/a- CO. I JJcpof S'o. 40, reric *S7<;;, iWw Vork. I ri-'in-^ miimre is so combined, that the Ammonia and other fer- 1 tili/,ing gases are absorbed, fixi-d, and are given out to vegt- tation only as it requires them. .No rot, mi'devv, worm, tly f;: otiier insect can approach it: an i-fljiortant considrration tDl'arnitrs generally, but particularly in potato planting It will be admirahU I adapted to the renovation, restttratioii and fertilizing of such luixi? I as have been worn out. I It may be used broadcast, after the ground is ploughed, and then harrowcil in with the seed. It is also valuable as a lop dresslMg ^ix aeres per day can be tlius manured in a (biy by one in;in. It m;iy be u.sed with the greatest advantage on (.■orn, I i tnt<»4 8. Wheat, Tolacco, (iardeii Vegetables, Kye. Oats, (Jrecn ilousf Plants, riow»-rs, Vines. \Vall Fruit. iV'' .and more than a thousaul certificates from the most c«'lcbrated Farmer^ ;oi;t ( ianleners. c:iii lie shown, all testifying in the (Highest terms to its jjreat v.ilue as a ftrliiii:er. A pamphlet cont.iiiiiiig these certificates can be had. by applying to tlie manut'actiir'r.s Ti!i: rKicK 15 os.r.Y (^m: < km I PKB vorM). It is put up in bbis av r.iging 'J.3.5 ihs , or in casKK. from liKK), to IKMJ Ihs. TFRMS, Casti, or approved < redit nn ilclivery PerRoiis iv.i-^- Coin- lort for [las^enLiers. They will sail puneluallv on ihe days ing to i.uy the article to sell ujjam wbi beab.weda liberal c "hJVvhw;,,!^ '"^ ».lva„ing,. of ,l.o s.e.n, fow l,oa,s on , "■--", A,';!-. ^^.^_ ^^^ r,*:.!,- suL^Nct-V', .\GKN('Y Persons wishin^^ to engage passa«rc for their friends, can ol'tairi certificates, which will Ije good fur twelve months. PtttiHago to Liverpool in tlie cabin, $sn Forward cabin, '^) *' Steerage, Vi Passage from Liverpool in the cabin, 100 ** Forward cabin, 25 *• " Steerage, 'JO Those who wish to remit money, can be accommodated with drafts for X'l sterling and upwards, at sight, without dwroanr. Apply to (JKo. McHKNRY & CO. June 1, 1861. 37 Walnut street. J(jr V(*' ]>vyrJiasc R. BUIST, NURSERYMAN «t S E ED G ROW E R, HAS always on hand at hi8 seed Store, 97, Chppnul Stret-t, Fhiladelplun, a large stock of Seeds of his own growth, a I fry important item to rurrhnsnf^HU he is a practical grow- cr,andhH« been enguged m his profession over 3() years His nurse- ry groan< 18 amply. tockcd with Fruit.Shade and Ornamental Trees, accurately named and properly cultifated. Erery article s
    '^1' >■ *l • ••' '"'vc^ Vtli. Fbwa . _ GUANO AM) TLASTKR tHK subscribers offer for sale at the loweal market rates, 1 ItMK) Ttms Dry Patagonia (Juano. 5(>0 " (Joveriimenl Peruvian Guano. 500 bhls. Ground Plaster. The quality of the above is unsurpassed, and can be reromn>en«l- ed with confidence ti farmers and others in want ot thf: nrlifU* A liberal deduclnm made to Country Merchants. AI.LKN .V NKi:i)Lf?i. No. 2*2 A. 23, S. Wharves, First Store aU.>ve Ches at , Phiia. July 1. ;4m- BFRKSniRK PIGS and S«^ath Down Sheep of Pure Plood, for „> l)v J AS TIIOK.NTON, Jr . •ale by July 1 Coo. Bybcrrjr, Philadelphia Co. /*J ■."■?;■ iJWff-iv* •.'■ ^■^^v^W:^m 22\ ADVERTISEMENTS. [OCTORFR, FRUIT & ORNAMENTAL TiiliKS, &C. Tlie tubniTihers solicit the attention of Nurserymen, OrchardistB and AtnatcurB, to liicir pieaent lurgc and fine slocii ol iNurscry Ar- ticles: bXANDARO Fruit Tubes, for Orcliards; thrifty, well grown, and liuuilsorne, of all the best varieties. DwAKF Tkkks, for Uardena. 'I'Jje largest stock in the country, and the most complete. Dw\RF I'ear '1'kice«. Our collection coiisists of well known leading varieties, and numbers more than 1/30, OUO saleable Iret-s — The superiority ot tliest^, being grown in the country, over iin|>i)rt- txl trees is well known to every intelligent cultivator. Nothing, la fact, in this country, can equal our collection of Pear 'I'rt< b — Tliey can be had from one to four years growth, some oi wliich afe now covered with fruit. Dwarf apple Tkek.s. We cultivate in hir^t' (Hi:iutitiis tlie beat and handsomest varieties of Kp|)l<'8 on Doucam and I'aradiBe «t>ek8 for Uwarls and I'yramids. and can furnish thrni m huge quantities, from one to two years gntwlli. DWAKF (.'UKHKY 'I'UKICS. All the leading varieties iiXV. eultivafed (>n .Mahaleb slocks, extensively. We can lurnisii i^y tlie iiundred anl thniiH.ind, fioiri one to two years ^rowlh. Cheiiky ( LMUiANT, the largest variety known. I'pwardH of 1,000 plants on hnnd. KNfiLlSH (ioOSEI'.ERRlK.", all flie bebt « iftS. Lakue Fruiteu Monthly Ivasibruky, that gives a crop vi hue fruit m the aiiluinn. Strawijkkkik.h. all the best sorts. Ornaineiilal Siiade Trees, of g(»od size, fir Htrceta, parkH, A:e., large and well grown. (Jhoice Trees and Slirubs, for lawns and ple.isme grounds, iii- ciudmg all the hnest, new and rare articles reeenily intro(luce of large (Nies. besides nearly hlty new and rar« Kver^reens. ineluding Dett- (lar Cedar, Cedar of Lel>anoii, Chtii P"u> Ov nt,,tiwri-. dr i .nan Cedar, Himu ayan Spruce, cVc , fee. Roses, I'coniea, a large and complete collection, including the finest varieties. Fhloxks a collection of upwards o( sixty varieties, including thirtv new varieties imported last 8|)ring. Dahlias. Upwards of H>0 select varieties, including the finest KiiiTlish prize flowers of 1849 and 1800, The following Catalogues, giving full infi rmati(m ns regards terms, prices, ice. will be »ent gratis to all who apply by postpaid letters or at the olfiee. Ist, a General Descriptive Catalogue. •id, a Wholesale Catalogue. 3d, a CaUilogue of Select !- llousrs, <('t,, {('v., /'// S(H/i>al Shnn/, .{/>■'/. The above work is desi'^ned to meet the wishes ii^t only of those dlrec'.K interested in luulding, but of all those who desire the ad- vancement of this noble art in (Uir eonntrv, and wish to eiiltivate their taste and ac(inaint mce with arehiteeture. The handsome manner in whn-h it. i:< prepared and embellished, renders it a taste- t'nl ornament lor tlie dr.iwing room, while itKaceurate delineations gtvi- It tiie luss'liv'al [>ractieai value. The projector will find in it ev rv variety of style and design nre<)inpauied, as mentioned below, by all ininntia iiceesHary toeoii- Btiuelion. By ilH aid lie may build without danc:er of making those ludicrous and expensive mistakes wliieh so olten occur The <)perative artisan ot every grade will hiid the work of ines tlma!)lc Viilne. It is a complete book of reference, and ad plates are drawn to a scale with the utmost accuracy, so tli it he has oni\ to study them with his rule ai.d compass. The work, in two volumes (»f twelve numbers each, to be issued irhMithly, until complete. Fiach number contains four Lilho^niph Kmjravmcs of original designs, viir\ in;.x in eo.'t of erection irom .S8U0 to $14,0'I0. There are also four sheets of ilel.-iila aecom- pnnying the designs, comprising around plans. .Vc, \c. Ue-sides tills', each number contains eight pages of lcttt;r-pre«i^, dp8re8sly for the work. Prick 50 CKN T.s A N I .M ni;il Address, post-paid, K S. JUNJ-.S iV Co.. Publishers, 8. \V. cor. 4th and Race Kts , Pliila., Pa Persons forwarding a list of tivt; subscribers accompaniet! with tfae cash, shall receive a sixth copy gratis. sept-ly "~ FINE STUAWUKRIIV PLANTS. Stmwherry Plants of several varieties ami fine (|ualitv can be had bv the hundred or thousand at the low price o( Si per hundred, by addreBsing with amount enclosed, JAMES O'CONNOR. Safe Harbor, Ijancaater co., Pa Airorderi will receive prompt attention. (»cpt ISol, ANAbVilCAL LABORATORY, Va/r (\)lb'(je, New Haven, Cinuirctlrnf. JOHN P. xNORTON, Professor of Scie.ntific Aoricttltttbi This Laboratory is now fully organised for instruction m ali bramdies of analyses connected with the examination of soila rnaiinreM, minerals, ashes, animal and vegetable substances, Ac -1 Full eour.ses are given in each of these departments, and al8«j m^ general Chemistry, both organic and inf)rganic, Students can llins lit themselves to become instructor.i in the various branches of Chemistry, or to apply no much of that and kindred sciences as may be necessary to the practical pursuit nf agricu ture or riiaiiii(;ietiiring. The demand for te.ichers and pn;. fessors in the various !>ranelies of chemistry, especially agricultit- nil, is now great ami increasing, so that this is a fair field for tlio* who have a t iKte for such pursuits A co'iiseof LeetnrejioiiScientilie .Ai^TK ulture, by Professor Nof- ton, (•ommeneesin J.iiiuary ot each year, aad continues for two imd a half months. Tins course la designed especially lor tiie pracileal (ai mi r, and has given i;rcru satis/action to tlnse who h.ivc attend- ed It in previous years. It em!>ra( »•« a plain conncetcil nntliiir ,.; the leading points in improved agrieiillnre, treating in siicecssiuu of the composition of the soil, the plant and tie animal; (,f Dinr connections with each other, and of all th'- improvements in eiilti- vation. Ill iimring, feedin<,^ ;ind tattcnm^. which have been adopin; 11) th»- bejst auricaltural regions Tins c.airfcc is made nn plain .imj pr.actic.at.tlnit the farim.'r who .attends it can inidci^land the whole, and a[)ply it ill his own experience. More can be learned by atteiiilaiice upon ,s;ii'ii lectures, bv r';>d- ing in eonncctioii with tlicm, and by .is.son itiiig with olherH \\\]^^ are also desirous of ..btainiii^' a belter kiiowled.^i- of their \)tn{t^ sioii than 111 years aw.iy iri>m sucli ad van i ages The jouiig tarnjer learns to think fir himself, to t^ee thai .a practice is not necessarilv right be(an.«e It ns old. to understand the reasons f.>r all that lui does, and with this increase of knowledge is better able to iiulitj farming profitable as well as interesting. Roard and lodgiiiri; may be procured at from S?2 to .S3 p' r wtn-l, and the Ticket fir llie J.celnres is 810. in connection \v th the Lectures is a short I,a!)oratory cour8e,bT means of which those who desire it, arc taiiizht to test soils, niaa- iirt s, marls, c\e . ill a simple w.ay, and to make many elementurv examinations of a highly iisetul character. The charge for thii course is S'3 >• To those stidents who go through the full Laboratory courw, the charge isabo.-.t SJOO |)er annum, and they can be admitted at any period of the > ear at a [irr>portional charge. For fiirih<-r information apply to Prof. John P. Norton, .Ntw Haven, Conn. (sept-lt TllK MAGNFTK^ TJCIITNING ROtT THOS AR.MlT\(.i:S PATMNT M \L\S AU.MITAM'.. (M)TTA(;k FrUXiTlTvE. \N .\RU ICK ,V (a) , are const,intl\- manuf ictnriiig new find ap- propn.ile designs of enanndb-d. painted ami Cottage Furniture. l) per suit, and npwaid Lo SflOO, gotten uj) in the rrxft superb style. Tliost; who are aiiout furnishing hotels, cotta«Tes, or city. rf*k denees, ■should call and nee this style of furniture, which t^trchesp- ness. durability and elegance is far prefer. tide to the old heav kiiiils of mahog.ariy, <^ e Orders from all paits of the eonntrv jM-rn(f:v attended to aiW carefiillv [Kicked. W AR W K k \- CO . Warerooms, No 4 and G. South Seventh St., between rheptinil A. Market streets, Philadelphia. * sept -ftin HENRY A. PREKirS SKKf) AM) IlOKTim/rJK.M. \V A IJI'lTOrSK. No. 59, Chesniit st,, noar i'xl, lMiil;iilol]»iiia. Con.«tautly on hand a large and well selected assortment of (iurdfn, Field, Graff nwi GtiTil^n Sr^its^ Fruit Treef', Grapt V tMft Horticultural Imideinents in great variety. Catalogues f(»rwarded on ix>st paid application. '(ieps-^t I 1 VOL. 1. LWCASTKR, V.V, .XOVKMHKR, ImI. M). Til !•; !• .\ K M .lor llx\.\ I-, S. S. If AT.DF.MAV, Kdllr.i. uIho ashes and halt, are y>ror man tiro ^ for tlio-^o melons. TIk* analysis liotli nf >.,iU ami tlio |. hints thry are imeiulcd to idi.iiKM' cannot h- t.... liiuoh h.- Kist<'«l upon, f«tr althou<:h the throrios founrlod upon such analyses nuiy be at tini s erronetius, the facts remain from which more accurate theories and a This hody hohl its annual meetinn; at \ew York, \ uiore correct practice may he based. An interesting; cseay was read by Dr. J. L. LoCuntc of New Y(>rk. recently returned from California, on the geographical distribution of animals in that coun- try. Trofes.^or K. X, 1 1 dsfonl. of Camlirid-^e, (Massa- :^ttcntion, and they will Ion- remember the hospital- chu.setts), read a valuable chemical paper -u iho So- ity and kindness with which tliey were crreeted in the ' naifieation r.f th*' rocks of the Florida reefs, Kmpire State, which has done more f .r the cause of j Pn^fessor W . iiackley, of Columbia College, \. \. Ami licaii issjciatioa for the advaureineiit ol srienrc. in Au;i;ust. The attendance of members from various parts of the United States was lar^ijo, and the sessions drew together large and interested audiences of both s<^xes. The eiti/ens of All^anv showed the members ovorv ."•lenee than any other State, in t-i^t, th».^ Natural History survey has already cost about half a million fif dollar^-, ntvl is ^till prof'rcssin'^, I't'itfcs'-nr li. A'j;:i->i/, \v;is iirt^sidont of tliis vcar's meetin'j; atel in liis opciiiiij: romafk^^ b-^ .alvi-od the Ain"rioaii onlti\ ...tor.- of .^.•ion,,. to lo >k |o~> to Ku- prcsentcd his mathematical investi;^.ations on tie' j. ro- per (Jeometrical form oftlio you/d/joan! "t'tii> r'l.ir, one of the results oi' which is the neces.sit\ i\n- a ion"- .'^hare. "\V iiiS; iKm' in« :•• nea-hanioal \ .mil v of thi-^ eituntrv reeeive-l a (|u il to-ms witli ariv j.p.rt upon thN .Mde of the AthiMtie. He rcoounnonil-^ the ! (.f the world. Aredher exainpi'. ^r thi^ trutli was estaUi.shment of local mu^er.m. of the natural objeets ^Iven at the Albany meetin- where tho C ,nmiittee nf differ Mit parts of the country— an important hint, on microscopes decided that Spencer's Ameriean in- uut one which canuot be efficiently acted upon until | struments were not excelled l)y those of anv Ihirup an constructor, although the demand whieh the 'xten- sion oi micro>copic science has made f.r in.^^tniments our educational institutions have a better appn^'iation of general .science infused into the bodies which con- trol tlean. There was not nuieii matter of special interest to the agriculturist broucrht forward, as this generally finds its way to the agricultural societies and the pe- riodicals devoted t^) this subject. TV. d. II. Salis- bury. Chemist to the State A,;rieulturul Society of New York, presented an annlvsis of the water melon and niuvkntelon, with full details of the various ole^ ments which enter into tlieir organ i.sation. Both have marked quantities of phosphoric acid and soda, with lime, carlwnic acid, and chlorine. Other ele- ments occur in pmaller proportions. It results from these analyses that animal matter, or bones and flesh, TOL. I — J. of the very best kind, has call ■! ma. h m.ith'inatieal and mechanical tahnt into ihi- l-ran. h of manufac- ture. Whilst in Alb.any we visited the rooms of the State Agricultural Scjciety, where theri* i,-* .i :; ond .jisphiv of implements, including materials for a history of the pl<»w, such as old forms which, if jMt thus pre- served will not be known in future g le r ihons. Some of these arc very curious, as the awkward two wheel plow used in Canada. People too proud to }cork are much rarer than those who are too lazy. , ., a«J»^^^^J«J^^ 226 EDTTOPJAL. [NoVEMREK, Ifi - " •" - - tt^mB— Milk and Uh niaiiafi^emeiit, r Here are some wholesome buggo^tions In rrw. Many instances ar.- recorded , so well known as to admit of their hcngchiss.,] ])icaburc Lu Lii . t- J ■ ] ] J when those that are most nearly allied mav lie mix.! where cows whieli would not hd dewn a single aroj) j ^^^^^.^j^^,j._ ^yj^^.^^ j^ j^ intended to make butter of a of milk to one dairy maid, would K-t it llow m ahun- 1 ^,^,j.^. ^mo (jiiality, reject entindy the milk of all iIk-h- dance whenever aii(»ther approached tliem. j cows which yield cream id' a l)ad (piality, and al^ it iH put int(^ tlie milk-pans to settle for cream, nev^r thr<»ws up so much, or so ri(di cream, as if tlie sam » milk had been }»nt into the inilk-pans directly after it was milked. From tiiesc fuiKlameidal facts, the reflecting dairy- ist will dcri\(' many important practical rules. Some of these we shall enumerate, and leave the rest to be discov<'red. Cows should be milked as near the dai- ry as ])ossible, in order to prevent the necessity (A carrvinir and eo(»linws as it ].romotes cleanliness. The fact is, where clean milk is an ob drawn milk. Ibitter of the best quality can only be ccoiioiiiiciiuN in;uu- in those dairit.- ^ i.cre chec^se is also made; because in them the Ix'st ].art oi' earh cow's milk can be set apart for throwing up cream, the Itest part (d' this cream can be taken in ortler to be made into hotter, and the remainder, or all the rest of the milk and cream of the dairy, can bt; turn- ed into cheese. Tliespi'iitaiK ous separ.it'on < fcrenin, an.r^.^n^.il.le Itumcd sour b.'i'ore it is madi^ into cheese: and n^ washing of the udder are mbsp usable. ^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^ ^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^.^^^^^^ ^^^.^^ ^^.^^.^.^^ Snuff-takers and slovens should never be permittetl | j^^^^- ^^^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^.^^ to assist about the dairy, nor sh(»uld the milkers be permitted to enter it with a dirty apron covered with hairs from the cow house. 1. Of the milk from any ct.w at onetime, that part which comes otT the iirst is always thinner, and of a much worse (pialitv for nuiking buttA.'r, than that af- terwards uV)tained-' and this richiuiss continues to in- crease progressively to the very last drop that can be obtained. 2. If milk be put into a dish, and allowed to stand till it throws up cream, the portion of en am rising first to the surface is richer in (pudity, and greater in quantity, than that which rises in a second e((ual space of time; and the cream whi*h rises in the s« - cond interval of time is greater in ipmutity, and rich- er in quality than 'hat whieh rises in a third e(jual space of time; that of the third is greater than that of the fourth, and so of the nvst ; the cream that rises continuing progressively to decrease in (piantity. and to decline in quantity, so long as any rises to the surface. 3. Thick milk always throwp up a much smaller proportion of the cream whi(di it actually contains than milk that is thinner; but the cream is of a rich- er quality ; and i( waU'r be add no- ha If ^f ou' p'T c!;!. But he f.uud the caleare, lus earth in tiiese invaria! ly in combination with suljstances wiiich renderrd it. readily soluble animilation by the plants. lint ia such cases :i ra- pid diminution (d'the \- lowed the cultivation of crops; because, in additieu t<» what was taken up by the {•hints, mueh wa> leaeh.d out and carri"d (tff by rain water. Sulpliat«' of linn «£ommuiruatioiii3. TIIANSI. \ 1 f.l) I OR THK ISiMl JOt'RN.VL. AgruuKiiral (licini-try. No. 3. \) Potassium. This is the metnllic Iniso <»f ci»inmon potash. It does not exist pure in natui-r. huL is frc- (luently m(!t with in combination witji a -alt. In the form of a cliloriti''. it is found in mhiII ipiantity in uea water, more ahtindantly in the a>he.s (d nio.st ilaiits, and fre(|Uently in the soil. It is (me of th(^ prinelpal constituents of felspar, by the decomposition v[ wliieh soils are supplied with it, whence it is taken lip h\ Lir-wiiig plants. Soils contain it in the jbrm .if silicates, carbonates, mui'iates, nitrates and phos- pliatev ; and in \fgetables it is usually found as a rarhoiiate, p)iosj»hate, .sul]diate, or nitrate. Fota^-h is an iuili-pensable (dement of > eM-,.t;j^l,^,,<_ ()f the . - i .- cultivated plants, potatoes, turnips, rape, mai/,e, elo- | ^'^ present in many .soils, and is found in the a>hes of \er, lucerne, espaicette, beans, peas, \etch.s, and I'l^^'iy J. It is employed, in the state buckwheat, require liberal supplies of it; and so like- j ^^ P^^^I't .^ a means of increasing the fertility of wise, among forest trees, do the elm, the ] (di, the , ^'^'^*^' '^'^'^ '^ f'eiml to proiuot^^ the growtli of those ash. the hornbeam, th.- llnd.n, and the willow. plants espeeially whieh re.piire both linn, and sul- r.) Sod'u.w. This is never fouicl free, hut r.ccnrs I'^"^^'" '""l""'"- ^vater eontaining it. may he adsantage- ]:lentifully in nature, in various combinations. As ^^""^^' =^1'1'^'*"^ ^"^' ^^^^' i^-^'i^^^^^''^ ^'i' meadows, chloride of sodium it exists abundantly in sea water, from which it is obtained by evaporation as common sea salt. It is also found in inas. or bed.-, as r.K-k salt, at coiisidiraMe depth in tic earth, in \arious countries. Sodium in com hi nation with ow^en forms common soda, which has a powerful ailinitv tor aeid. We may properly infer t!iat ^o.la is indispensably re- quired by plants, and \v.> iind it in the a.-hes of must of them; and many will t}iri\e well onlv in soils con-. tainii;- it in ahundamr— such as tiu^ Salicornia and \ ^^^''i*'' ''-^''i'^'^ '^ very important influence on v.'g.taMo Salsola. the (Uuux maritima, the i\A maritima, .^c. ; ' ^'^*"' '^^^'^ '" ^^^^^ ^^*^^^' '^ ''^'^^-^ abundantly in nature. and hen. e those plants are fbund only in the Nicinily \ '''*'^' ^i'^^' "^ protoxid is rarely found in sojl.s, except of salt springs and on the seacoast. Of the inland I '^'^ e-mibination with an acid. The second, or pen x 8) Alunnnmn. Tills is the basis of clay, which is very abundant in nature and forms a large portion (if the crust of the glohe. Tliough belonging to their chemieal constituents, plants contain (uilv a ^■ rv small (pl^ntity oi' aluminous earth. SoiK whidi i ,n- tain a large portion of it are difficult to Wnvk : and the most fertile soiN usually contain e<'mparati vcly little i^'i it---not e.\eeeding from two to fwiir per .• nt. '.') //■(/;/. In its com' linatiori with oxygen, this sulh piaiit^. those ^^hich are very nutritious — such as the •landi rp n. the clovers, lucerne, esparcette, and the cabbages — are faimi to contain much soda, and doubt- less owe their great nutrieiousness to that «drcum- t^tance. Such plantsare not only dc\ourcd greedily bj itl, is much more common, and imparts the re(ldish color ((bservable in many soils, 1(1) Man'jaivs>\ This is a metal, but is n* ver founii in a pure state, being always in combination with oxygen or suljihuF. .\- It is found in almost all cattle, but are highly conducive to liealth and the ' }»arts, it seems essential to their growtli. Jbit it is production of fat. , not yet ascertained whether it acts tm them directly, /) ( ahiinn, '\\x\<. Is a sih er-white metal, whi(di ;>c/' .vr, or whether it is absorheih merely in conse- by union Willi oxy;ien, JMrms lime. It is not found | quence <'f its intimat*^ connection witfi iron, of whlcfi in an uncomhined state, but in its various combina- tions is of the greatest importance in pia.tical agri- culture. Calcareoup earth C(mil ined w ith < arhoni( it is a fiithful associate. From the foreg(»ing enumeration, it i^ oh\iou^ tliat very few of these simple substances occur naturally acid, constitutes common limestone and marbh; with i in a pure state, hut 'avv famd in \arious coinhina .'=ulphuric acid, it forms gypsum; and in eoinbination I ti(»ns and forms i" t!ie soil. Tlie chief cause of the^*' uith phosph(jric acid, it is f ,und in suveral mineral — «uch as apatite and phosphoriu>— in marls, in soils, and in bones of animals. It is also found combined wiUi silicic acid, not only in minerals, but in the soil and marls of alluvial districts ; and the ashes of ma- ny plants contain it in excess, in combination either combinations a|»pears to be in the powerful temlency of o.X3'gen to unit<" with the seviTal element^-, though there are some combinations in whieh oxygen bears no part. Furthermore, oxygen is present in very dif- ferent proportions in most of those combinations; and thus numerous bodies possessing various proper- with phosphoric, sulphuric, silicic, or carbonic acid.— ties are produced. When oxygen unites with auotlier ^ ^ > !«. 1» .rf ^ V «>H 228 fOMMrNirATlONS fNoVFM! 1 Fi, meaKmtKmmaancxi irm«ti> r mrvngrvmaifk 1S51.] COMMUNICAIIOXS. 009 *^ --^ t^ thinly covorin;]; tlio corn, and tlie field permitted to lio in this condition for <'\s or somn days, whoii, with my twelve-toothed liarrow I ^u over the whole, most tlH)rou;j;hly, covering the corn. The effect of this last harrowini; is to retard some'what the first a])})earaiu'o of the corn, (which, hv the wav i?" not an o])iecti()n.) and to keep down tlie weeds and irra^ss. \Vh<'n ah^ut lour inches iiip,h, 1 ^o t!irnii;;h the I'urrows lenj^^thwise with n shovel liarrow. whi -h is another deathhlow to fill' w<'i'«i< ;ui(l ;:-r;i--, :n!(l wIpMi it 1i:i^ r»'aeh iiH'lxs 1 :i'\<' it niK'thiM' ;i;i.! flii;i| liody in any small quantity, the result is called a pcroxUl, being an Imperfect oxid, in which the pecu- liar ((ualities of puhstance which the oxygen unites with are Ptill hir;;ut if the (pian- tity of oxygen he so lar^re that a kind of iiuitual saturation takes place, the resulting com])ination is called a proioxhl. In these the peculiar (qualities or properties of l>oth su})stance9 are totally changcsd. — When the quantity of oxygen absorbed is in excess ti\e combination is termed a In/peroxid, whi •]» pos- {^esses properti(\s more closely ;!|i|"-H\iiiiatin'j; tlmseof oxvo"eii. Iv'it if i'k' ox v--<-ti predominate so greatly dre>siii<: with nne of llnr!il"\"s <-n]-n pl..w<. Tlii.s that the eonihinaticn- iM'cnmc aeid, and act (•orn» wtM-ds atpj !. aves Iv when in a eoncentratiMl form, fhev are termed | the ground in a tine mellow connt all I.-hUcv; do not absorb oxyg'Mi in such | The advantagtis I claim \' -oil to a ciMiat mea^ur,' against take up only so much oxygen as suffices to form oxids. I the effect-^ n-iia!ly produced hy drought. A second Hutthescoxids, again, possess the pri)perty (ji nuiimg'good 1 .-.,.0, of the (U'(^p ))lowinir in. that in very wet with the oxids of the first mentioned class, aiul the 1 »casoti<. the o\er-mf v, i and grass wliich and then meets anotlu^r for \\hiih it ha^ a stronger ha\e CMnimenci-d ;j;']iu!nating. and either kills them attraction, it will forsake the foruu^r and combine with the latter. The oxid Nshih, by combination with an acid, forms a salt, is called the hasr. Basic bodies, accordingly, are oxids, whilst their c.»uiiter- parts are acids. conqiiotcl V, or -" iiijin-fs th 'in. that t)i''ir future growth ;!)id vigor is retarded s-) mneh as to place tlcm coiuph'telv at tlir meivv of thi» shovel harrow and corn )»low, with ^^hlcll iii'' alter dre--inu^> ;u*C given. Again, the last dr«'>sinu; with the C(»rn plow keeps the nndlow eartli around the stalk, and in nv^^t An old farnierN method of plantin*^ Corn. cases the result is, a s'mmmcI s^'N't" roots wdil^di givrin- Mu. KniToR.— Although not the seasim fi)r corn creased vig(.r to the ^^rowin- sralk and ear. jilantinir. I giNc v«ai herewith an aci'ftunt of the })lan By the plan above detailed 1 liave rar(dy, if coT. •which I alwavs pursue, and after an ex|»erienct.' of failed to have an average crMp. ev»Mi in tiie most un- nearly forty-eight rears, have found [under all cir- fiivorable sca-en Ini to thiiik the yicM to l>o fidly observation, has satisfied me of the fact, that my sys- c.pial to any «-f my nei'j;hbors. tern will answer as w(dl a.s any other in favorable sea- sons, and far better during such an one as that just passed. I always make it a point, when practicable, to put corn on sod ground, which may be ]>lowed in the fall, and with excellent effect, but which shovld br, at the earliest possible period in the spring. I always ])low eight inches in d^pth. then score out my ground very deep, leaving the distance between the furrows three feet. . The corn is then dropped, single grains, twelve inches apart. Where the ground is strong, the dis- tance may be less. My ten-toothed harrow is next brought into play, being fashioned as follows : four- teen inches in width in front, and eight inches be- As before remarked, this article mav be s am'wi.it out ofseas(>n; but a^ the lon;^ •■venings are aj»pro;bh- ini:, sonn« of your reader-^, w !io mav think it wortli their while to t- >t my ])]an, v.ill have an exceih ni (qiportuTiity of reading and retlocting u]»on the sub- ject, bidore ])lowing time arrives. OURI^TIAN' StOUFFF.U. Pi)i>' Fiirm. MnnJi^'iw fj>.. Lancaster co. Thk nmdes of sowin;.!; barley ar*^ eitlnn* bmad-ca^t or in rows bv the drill or ribi):n''. The bru:ui-cast mode is abnost universally adopted; unless in lands much infestcd) .juantities a- tie' tarner'^ ne ans iiir of. ;icv Nv 'i'^-' pom I Mil il le cli.ir;n-l' r M be J ;in of the •• .nilari \ .1, to o- aUO i;i" 'pMUtlty it y b " u 1 ■ classi'd am-'U'i-t tie' b-^t, not only oii a^-coiint f.f th" prr.nautnt fertility it impart< t^ most soils, bot abso from its abundance an I .leiipness. It is a wdl es- tablished fact, that guano, \\lole ir lapidly impait-a hiMi fertility to manv soils, loses its \irti'e-> in a cmhi- parativcly short period ; ihu.> rendering its fn'quent repetition necessary. This involves^ an expense which it uill b-; ih.- means of dra\s ing abb r p. n> than mine m Woi'-ii ii yn^uei lie apj'ln d i" ..edi, w o >h"ulv[ soon iind it 'j;r' i\\ ill,: int ifa\''r. and our b.i:;er> reap- in.: tb" b.-;i. ill- <-(' it- \ irtues. 1 have ]>enTe d the above, Mr, Editor, huplm: tiiat the generality of farmer's receipts will never justif\', hence its univers-al adoption, at once becomes imprac- ticable. Lime, on the other hand, i- not onlyclnuip- er, I'ut when once applied in th i' oii-ite (piantity, many year^ elapse before anotle r application is needed. Chemical analysis has satisfactorily shown, that lime exists in combination with an acid, in nearly all plants, it therefore becomes an almost iii'lispen- sable ingredient of the fixid which -le-uld besupplicil to them. There are also but few soils of which it docs not form a part, and \''V this reason its adipta- Idlity to the general uses of iarming is greater than that ')f any other manure — that of the farm yard ex- cepted. Wherever, T bidii've, tbi • pri a- a f rtibi/er i< but im j -rl't et- ly understood. Farnmr^ ar.' frctpiently m-'t NNith. whose ex]>erience with it has been anything elsetlnin satisfactory. If, however, inrpiiry is made, it will ]>e found that where it has faihMl to accomplish the de- sired purposes, it ba-^ b( rn thr iault of the farmer and not ui the linu'. The general and very correct impression, that it is useful npon n.arlv every kind of soil, has lcpon lent lb S. !,.'< ^iew< in relation to the deterioration of the soil of r« !in-\ l\ania be correct, it i-^ high tim.' to look around uk. and see what means are \' ithbi .air reach to arif^t tic . \!l. There are doubtless many, but it appear^ to me that there is no one so tb-r.ai;j;b- ly available as the judicious use of lime, and as our coal regions are being intersected at every point by rail r- ad-\ and a^ limestone exists in in'•xhau.-^tible .pnintities in a lar_-.' portiim ..f ..ur Stat", ihe u-e .,f lime will, in a feNs years, be brought within tb- r.a. h of the generality of farmers. Let us, therefore, un- di r>tan 1 its use perfectly, in advance. Enoch br.w is. Luzerne couufi/, l\iina. A rrartieal l-'anner's lc^tin!on_\ in tx iialf of deep plow iug. Mi:. liniToK: — In tra\.T;iiiz ihr.-u-h \ari.ai^ >ee- lion (if l'enn>-\ h ania, my att. nt: 'ii ha- b.-.ai itrri'>ttd bv the \erv >hallow pbAviii'j; iloia'' by mo^t farmers This reprehensible pra.'ti* e pre\ad> t.> as great an extent in i"untie>- nnIlU'.' tic ^"il a.imits of pfiwin.: til the d' [ith of seven or eight iutdies, as in thoso wlierc it is thin an..! [.^nr; an 1 it apjiears to me that it is the result not so much ot a .i.-ire to evade the (iilfereuee in the amount of lab-a- a- <'t an ign^ranee of the immense value of dei)» ]d'.\Ninu". 1 am a j^biin farim-r. pr.'teieiin- t.t no sedrntifie. knowledge, although 1 Inive tiie a.lvantage ot .^omc {brtv \ear^ practical [experience. I will not, there- fore, att.nipt t.. -ive you any scientific reasons for mv strong faith in dcej. pcoMn-. but will eaiiy.iir att(^ntion to a few tai 1 - which .^pftak jM^rr loudly to the- minds of practical nen tlnm scientific theories. lu the year I.'^ir. 1 |.u'.!ia-'d the farm -.•" 'vnanMT'W dition still. For ycara it had been rented out, and as is usually the case with tenants, every thing was taken frfrm the soil whieh it would yield, MTid when at lenp^th it was worn out completely, it was turned out, like an old horse to die. The land was originally as fine as any in Lancas- ter county, a fact of which I was fully aware. I had for years ohserved the mode of plowing adopted by the tenants, and felt satisfied that one of the princi- pal causes of the wretched condition oft]!.- faiin was tJie "skinning" systcin {»iii-ih d l,v tln'in. Mv lii>t step, therefore, was to iciuimIv thi- •■vll. Mv Ijoi-m.'.^ being of til'' kiml fainilitirly known a- th-' "Cnnoti*- g08 nil'] my jilow^, thns(; nianufaclni-" il in our own county, (which, for adaj^ation to licavy soil arc the best I know of) T con^nb'ur'd t]i('w<.rk ..frcnova- tion. A good motto for evcrv farinci- is, " -ro to iln- bottom of things." T (l.t.Minin. 1 ((; \\>\]n\\ it and went to the bottom of the soil (mi my farni. It ^vas hard work, ami my "Conestogo bam" irlt it. Uiu I fed Avell, and continued the undtirtaking. Km i , acre was plowed to tlu- dtpih ofri-bt inrluvs, and soil wa^ brought to the light and air w lilch Iiad not soon oluuir for a quarter of a century. Some of my noi-ld.ors looked in upon me and nearly all ])redicted that I would get tired before I was done. 'J'his, however, did not discourage me. 1 persevered until the whole was completed, apidying to the land all th- larm vaid manure I could gather, and \Nhen iliat lallrd, pnt ting- on lime. What was the result? The result was that tln^ first crops of wheat and corn were treble tlirMinantity of those taken from the firm when unj.r lease. 1 had nearly thirty bushels of fir^t rai> wh.'at to tli" acre, which was as fjom] n yiold a^ that of any oi niv neighbors fa lan^. A tioM from whi.di. al! told, six small two horse jnads of hay )iad Immmi -atjicred; two yearH after \ i.dd,,| ne- tlnrtv-idno lar-.T loads. Mv corn was gon,l a,.,! 1 was satisli(>d with the result ol' my experinumt. As my means of feeding stock nmltiplied, I increas- ed the number, so that my manure hcaj) grew in size and value. The deep plowing was jxTsisted in, and with this gratifying fact accomj an \ in t; it, thai wliere I with difficulty plowed to a depth (d .l-ht in, h before, I could now ]dow to the same depth \n much ease as my neigld)ors could to a depth ui" five inches. This was another spoke in my wheel and my neighbors began to see it. I was pleased to ob- serve that several of them set their plows a litth.^ deeper, and that the benefits of giving the suh-soii a chance to speak, were beginning to be ap])r(Mdated. During the past season I have had my faith in deep plowing greatly strengthened. While many farmers complain of consideraVdy lesH than an average crop of corn, mine lias never been better. During the drought, when in other fields the corn looked sickly itn as and yellow, mine grew strong and vigorous, and throughout the season retained a rich green color. Now, ^h\ "Rditor, wbilo T give the lime and ma- nure, I have applied to my farm, all the credit thev deserve, T attribute its prestmt good condition mainly fo dcej) j)hwin(/, and in concluding this plain state- ment of facts, permit me to say to farmers every where, that the first plowing is tlio only one that need be looked upon with dread, \nifn once tlio soil is lonsono fiv," intdio^. And 1 am fully eon\ in, -cil ,if the faet (j, ,• were tho laliur douMe that of shallow pi. >n\ iie^, it will ]iay liottei- to go to the lutttem, every y( ar, than nier(dy to "skin" the surface. A N Oil) F MJMKR. I. ale See(lin;r. ^h\. Editor. — The calamitous elTects of l>li;j;ht in our grain crops sonic ten or twJt blight ; f )r I have fre(|ucntly seen blighted wheat which had been sown early. There are, and ever will be cases of blighted grain, arising from causes "lie r than hue seeding, which the want of time will not permit me to enter upon now, but hope to be all ' at some future time to ex[)lain. IMy object at preson: is to say a few words on the necessity there will l«: to guard against the "wintering out," as it is term- ed, iif the fijrthcoming crop, and to secure agaliu>t l>light, as under the (drcumstance of late seeding.— 'Idle pri'\ailinLi; di-on^ht p. aiding the present socd time priMimMii'j; a condition nf ihinus tantnnioinit t<> 1 He Miwin;^-. \\ill re^t nf the < looked so luxuriant and so nm( h in advance of tho season, that fears were entertained by many, that so premature a grov.th w.udd iijuiiously affect thecrop by smotheiln- it nnd' r the sn''W,oi- in pr>aii"ting tho imrea,>c of the ily fiom the congenial shelter it would afibrd for its propagation : and hence some resorted to depasturing, and not a few to mownig, to provide against the a})iuvhended contingencies. The case i^ widely different now, as many of the grain field-^ look as if left to falhw unsown. The seed if germi- nated, has sent forth but feelde plants, having Imt little hold in the ground, and should November be even'so favorable as common, still the young grain can make l)ut little progress in root or blade, to fit it to withstand the severity and chanires of the winter. The question then is, how can the danger be avert- ed or the evil modified? I answer, through a judicious fim»'^^*<^9u 1 ""i' Tchvwavofshelterin- and protecting the think the practice here recommended too trouble- ^'^ ird'es irro. tMs tr^ intense frosts and j some. To such I take leave to say, they should not :: :: U r ^ ^^ tpproachmg season, and to hesitate to take a little .Iditional pains to sec..re a i ken then, int -'^ ^^'^ ''''^ ^^^^"^' already best... ed ; prln.^ breathes upon them, so as by rapid growth upon It, which present appearance, without some fur- ttv make up f .r their backwardness in the fall, and ' ther effort may prove labor lost. A poor crop of Ln h^slon to escape blight. To this end I re- grain at harvest, witl. badly set grass, are ei^nn^ nn.md a top dressing of unrotted litter, f>rked stances that every farmer must deprecate. A\ hat frlthe barn yard aruUtable n.anure, to be carted prudent man but would give a trifle to insure that n and spread evenly aial lightly over the grain, so ' whicli mlglUbe deemed at risk or i'^^J^;';i;^^^;^^ sw.n afte-r the fir-t fro.st .shall ha^e fp,.-n the -round sufficiently hard to prey.ait the v. heel< fr^m entiing into it. d'le- first rain or miow aft^'rward will llatton it dc»wn, elos.' over and around the roots, prMte,-ting them in a great .legrt'C frem the inlen<=ity -f MnM-eed- ing fronts, "md ad' ^rdin- t^ th lu invi-..ratin- warmth .^nd nourishnvMit fT an early start in the >pring.— llespeetfully, Mount Alrj, O-l. I's 1-"1 .1 \Mi:S Go\\ EN'. A'Ticulture In Pcnn^} !\ aula. .Mi:. r.niioK : --Mueh has heen .-aid of late about ihe a-rieiihural prwj^re.s and .standin- uf i'enn.-^J.Na- :uiu ..w...... . -^ - nia. and .unipari:,.;!!:, iiave heeii draun h lu.-n her If tlie ground ha- h-eii wrW manured j.revlous to ,^j,,i ,,.p.,i. ,,,,.i,i|„ts of the I ni,ai, ralher dero-atorj seeding, care nni-i ho taken to earrv out as llille -.d ^ ^^^ ^^^^^. ^^^^._ .^^.^^^^ the short dung with the litter a- possible; this can ' ,^^ ^^ ^^^. i-,|;,,,,. ] ]i;ive repeatedly e..nteri.!..i that easily be managed by shaking off extraneous matter p^.j^^^^^i^-.^j^i.^ i^ i^ advance of other State's, in agri- in forking. 1 f -eio r;dly. wards should occasionally be sprea d an! prac- straw upon their grain fields through fear of encour- 1 ^.^^^^^. ^j^^^ returns of fiehl crops equal t-. if n -t ex- agingthetly, or be so solicitous as to tho appearance ^^^^.^j^^,^ generally, those of otler .^L;iio>, while our the litter, when dry, in spring, will present, f.n- the ^_^^,^^^ linlMings, at least our barn< and stabling, are young wlunit and grass plants ^yill soon push through it, anTl it will in a short time sink to the -nrfi e a-- it becomes moistened with the dew and ram. and will moreover, exert a ben-dieial intlneno" nu th- wheat, tn 1 in-mv well >et gras> in the >Uihhle when the grain is reap d. greatly superior to those seen el.>ewhere. lla\inj; -aid ihn- mu-h i-r eiir fi-ld- and -air larm-, the .uperha-ity ■ d" whieh I think -h^aild l-o ,,,,„,„p,,]^ i. ,,iay 1 .. Well n. turn f.r a momont to tho uther h..rt e.anin--'* and i.'i 'ni Permit me to ad.l, th.at exp-rienoe in t-p d'-essing f irne r> n i -:> :h. • *^ ...,^ .,:,. l.i\. .,,,. t.> 1,,...,. t,..tin,,,nv in ta- i'la-iern States ,f ,,ur -mmI titi/.on<. Wh-n e,nr a-rieu1tni-al -li^w^ and filr- 'f the late sown .rain, H-hfv no. n.i..art,.-nno.nyin la- r.i.e.n State, ^^hioh tie,- d. ouite too ....ly, vor of its' great utility. 1 In.o practised it every surprise is excited at the great of producing, whether of quality or kim , the ya^et^ oring the potato crop, rendered the praetioo „f top I concentrated in tlaar .-leew .^r,,nn N. I .o' mm prise is 1 • • -1 • r 11. 'rhr.ui.Th ' Rtill n-reater when on visitin;!; th( hot markets nortn dressing, in my ^ud!:;ment. IP, lisnensanle. j nrougn siiii gu do i »ii u n • o • r T ' X •, 1 • • . i\r. ¥ r-nin ' onfl on«f of u«? thcv are not fouud to equal our own, a series of years I never in h'l m reaping a tir^t rate and east oi us, ue % ^ i orop of wheat under this practice, hi IS I'J I gather- \ and especially that of Philadelphia. ed over 4di» l>ushcds of fine Me,e. r potatoes to the I What, ther>. is the reasmmm Stock wiUi very few exceptions our farmers arc ex- ceedingly deficient; and equally ho in orchard fruits of nearly all descriptions. We should seek for better kinds, and when we have them should make it knnwn by bringing them out on public occasions as do our eastern neighbors. Even this inferiority of stock is overcome by the fruitfulness of our soil and the skill of our Ln-aziers as IS shown by our unrivalled shambles, wliil- tli" butter, the milk, the held vegetables im-i tli.- tln-r products of the garden ha\c -i\ri! \n thr markets of Piiihulclj»hia a higli tvpntaticn tlic wid.- \v..rld (.vcr. Aow, with tin* :!.l\:iiit;ig<' of a lin^ .liinat'' and our superior iariii-; s\U\rU |M»ur thdr v.caiih s., pi-oi'ii^'lv mto tiie jHjckets of mn- hardy vronim, v. hv is ii tliat we fail in 8..m(> iniportunt particulars/ is it not mainly owing to the want nf that free and ,M>cial in- tercwirse whieh distinguishes th.' citizens of thi; northern and eastern States. Unlike them, our farmers aiv ivsrrvcil and r.'(duse in their manners and habits; ihey stddoin min-lc to- gether in societies or associations, :ind of'cNanx' hasc not the benefit resulting from IV.Mjurni imucial conversation, arc the desire given to communicate knowledjre; the in- formation imparted or received; gradually aer|uiring the means of communicating our ideas and th .u^dits to others, and in a word rapidly j.r.niotinL^ th' hahit ofinquiring, reasoning, //a'/h^',I .•..mfortahl''. 1 wa^ asked by a f.dh.w iia-v,.,iMvr wliat they livrd np^n. The very natural r, plv ^u-^,n^.i,.l \tted I'hila., Uet. 1^ 1^51. A. S. Robertv. "ow should young farmti.^s, and by reading books which treat on the hn.iins. and pursuits of life. It does nut take such m^a, hat- to understand that a good horse or cow .a- ■ h- p rosts no more to raise than one of inh^dor kinj. u'inh It will when ready for market sell higlicr, and th,y therefore seek for the best. If we can induce our Pennsylvania farmers to form in every nei.di].orho<.d agricultural societies or clubs and especially to sub- scribe for and read such works as the Pa. Farm Jonr- nal they would not be long in discovering wiierein there is room to improve their condition and pros- pects. ^ ^^ Our fine fields would never bo covered with mountain scrubs- when a better race could be I \\ inter is- ap],n,a(hin-, !!,.• long evenings are at hnii 1, and ihr holiday oi'tie. larnc-r i. n .ar." V.,un, : »'':i", you, I m.'an, who purpos.j devoting Aiairlif,. I to a-rhailtural pursuits, have you det^rmin. d upon ^ :iny plan of spending your \n intc.- evenings? if you ; ha\ »■ not, let ine su'^"-est (aie i -^'"''.vo,, familiar with the great j^-inciples upon , whie!, tl.p nohlo sricnce to uhieh you purpose devot- i";-: y.urlif., I. ),ised? Perhaps you ^^il! answer, yes; hut h dorr you .L) so, pause a moment ;iiid re- flect. I do not desire to hn,,u whether y.ai can plow, -r reap or mow, in ,.. .,,,ua any or all of the duties ; "1 the farm: hut wlcther you are conversant with tl"-e broad prin.dpf.s v.hieh lie at the foundation of a-neuUnre, and wlth.ait a knowledge of which you cat. never becone a true farmer ? Or, to make mat- ters jdain, if not familiar with tliem, are you endea- voring to become so? If you are not, you have an ''"l""-ia^nt duty to p.adornr a duly you owe to yoiir- •"■'^''^';'' vour pndo.i.m: and that is, an immediiitr attention to those hfan.lws of study, whirl, il pursued with a ].roper spirit, will make you a 1, tier farmer, and a wiser and happier man. The long winter evenings are approaching, and dobghtful evening. i\,y ^iU be, if properly improved. ^";' •'■■*■ i''''''il-lv invare that (diemistry is the foiin- •J;'^i":i M"iieofagricultu.v. Ii p.rthrni- at. in.p^rt- :"'t part in almost every process in whi;di vou m- gag-, and. It .aiahh.s y.u -.,, in;:l,.,.:.n,d tho\arious uses.d- th:> materials y.ai uork with, or produce.- ■\ thorough knowledge- of agricultural (diemr^trv. will a.^H.t you in oNrrcoming the liu-.t of diflicuities thai stand in the v. ay of the nirr-- working iarnier. It will teach you the character and re^5-al mode of f.,. din;:- ynur >:.M.k-the manage ""•'" "< .^""'' dairy -the true ^aIue of tiie crops you grow: ,n lact it is the only thing that can enable you to know to a positive certainty, whether the system of firming you are purstdng is the most economical, as well as tlie must prolii.,hle. I might cite a thou- sand instances In which d.^m-^kry ha> i-emoved mis- :qd"-''f"nsions, an.l dispelled .rnmoous theories; this however, is not necessary. If you have an earnest desire to become a thorough farmer, a bare reference to the advantages to be derived from even a partial knowledge of it will bo sufficient. Now for my plan. Procure a copy of Liebig's Agricultural Chemistry, and if you can afl^ord it, got .Johnson's too. Petermine to give two hours at least of each evening to the study of th' m. an.i make it an unalterable rule to fix in your mind ai lc;u-L one iinpuitant irutk tcaij tcciunj. Persevere a few I)t\R Sir: — Airreeablv to lu-omise 1 send herewith a small sample of wheat grown by me this season.-— I procured tiie seed from the ^ValJash valley. Ca!»s county, Indiana — and c(uote the words id' a letter weeks, and as one great truth is added to another, j fmm the friend to whose kindly office I am indebted you will be surprised at the growing interest that is j for the seed. "The wheat was raised on the barrens •iwakenim'- within you. Thus continuallv and stead-' or oak openings, and yi«dds, with western farming, ily advance in your studies, and by the time spring thirty to thirty-five bushels per acre. i he seed was arrives, and you ar(>pre}>ared to rc.-uni'- y air- ait-doorj originally sent in a letter from the iialtie, weighs work, you will have laid up such stores of knowledge ^ sixty-fMir ])ounds to the bushel, and is considered the as will not only repay y^^w h-r tln^ mental lahe.ryeai be^t in the ciamtry — t'onimtinding Si por hu-dici lur have undcr""on', but \.air d.iily toil, instead ol iMang seed." drudgerv, will become a source cf deli-htlul ini-reM I sow 'd th' rhr-' • laislnds of seed on ;tti aere auo to you. Y«)U v,lll work more Int' lligeutly aiel eoiise- 1 a half 'd" -r-imd wlfeh had been m p-tatoe>, ihe\ (Hiently more advantagoou-ly. rnd'-rManding th^' ha\iu- been ^owed in th- - -i well maiiure.i v,iio (diaracter of the soil you cuhi\ate, the nianur s you barn yard nianure. ddi \'\' ' 1 was tifty-two busliOis. apply and the crops you grow, you will]"' enad.led to , Uwin- to tie' (hda\ in fe/v,ardiug the sed it was adapt one to the other and tints p,r-due- th- im.st de- . not sowed uiitil th- 1 1th (d'(.)ctober aiel was barvest- sirable results, with the least possible expense. ed on the Mh -fd ulv — one d;iv after a ii-dd ot Medt- T .• • T 1 1 F • 1 • , , 1,. 1 r.<.f t- rriiii an w Inat sowed on the bUh of Septi'iiibcr. — In m^intioning Johnson and Liehig only, do not:' ,.^-1111 , , , , • J Ti ^ iK ;^ It is a white beardless variety — l)earing a inil le ad sunnobt' that 1 wished to r>.iMe> u.e idea that their *^ '^ ''' '^"'''^' ► ,10 ,1,11 ' .. ,■ Ii n not so hai- as the M.'diterranean Init etitr straw, much the color oi are many others, on subj(»cts tntimat- i\ alnca to agn- 1 culture, which slnmbl also be attentl\ e]y -'udi-d. atM ^"''-:f'' h:un])oo. which vpe this may prove what we ucss that vou understand the various processes Uiat so much desire in this region, an early white wheat, engage vour attention, will lend t^ i: a charm that I I intend having the ground accurately surveyed will beguile many an otherwise icdi-u ■ le ;.r. and ; and the return of the miller to whom the crop was lead you step bv step, deev.er into thourehased a cow, which, at the time of purchase, was very thin in tlesh. She gave a large « quantity (d" milk, and I was led to believe that with careful folding 1 could -n improve her appearance. But my hopes have been vain. — She eats freely and gets as much as she can eat, but ^he will not fatten. The amount ©f milk has also in- creased very perceptibly, but not the tlesh. Can you account for this ? J. S. ^cdianicsbimj, Cumberland couufy. [Answer. — Good milkers are rarely ever full flesh- ed. The curd and butter of milk are formed (rom the same material as the fat and muscle of the cow, consequ(mtly, so long as she continues to yield a large quantity of milk, she will not become nltter.— Whenever the cow begins to fatten her milk faUs off i n quantity. J AS. A. Merid N. M. I). Whilcmarsh, Mnntjom>rij munty, Od. 'J, \^o\. To Mk\m i;r. \v Acre of CrRorND.- In. m "a^iir'rj land, 30^ square yards mtike one square rod, an ! e' stjuare rods make on square rood, four of which, or IbO rods, make one acre. It is evident, therefore, that -to rods long by 4 rods wide will make an acre. The same result may be arrived at by measuring 21",' feet in length, and 108 feet in width, or by measur- ing T.U yanls in length, by GO yards in breadth. To lay out an acre s^iuare, 2(i0 feet on each side is the nearest amount that will make an acre, being less than an inch each way over the fxacMistance ; i'\ 5G0 superficial feet, or 208 05—100 foet on each side constitute an acre of ground. Aif Knglishman observed a stone roll down a stair- case! Itljumped on every stair till it came to the bottom ; there, of course, it rested. " That stone," said he, ** resembles the national debt of my country : it has bumped on every grade of the community, bul its weight rests on the lowest." 34 nOMMlIXIC ATIONS. iNovEMPri?, B^icur ajT -sir;- j^Kamrr 1 I8.'>1.] COMMUNICATIONS. 235 I'ropagation of the vine. (('oiitiMued from page 209.) Some cultivators take single cycH with aljouL half an iiicli of the wood above and below, rounding off both ends somewhat, and jdace them in a hotbed or in pots, hori/ontally, so as to leave the apex of tli bud or eye (;veu with the surface of the soil — covor- irif!; th(! v.'liole slightly with moss, which is to be kept inoderatt'ly nndst. In connection with the preceding, Mr. Mat lack gives his system <>/ jiruning or drt^ssing, ]ia^''(| on i}p' physiology of tlu' vine; which being an css«'jitial y>art of the after culture, descTvo to b'' quoted in liis own language. " Every joint of a grape vine has its nw n separate pith. This most important cireumstanee commences at the lowest hnif that lias a ( lasper nj»jio>iti'. A solid wo(»dy substance, passing from tln' liaf to tie' olasper, through the vine, anth cases, all the eyes below are to be carefully cut off. '* Tlie eye thus left will sometimes produce more than one shoot, in which case all but the strouirest should be rub])ed off, and that supported and pro- tected. This, exeept the keeping the ground free from weeds, is all the care required this year. '' In the fbllowing February the vine is to be again cut off just above the second clasper from below ; that is leaving on two eyes to grow this season, and rub- bing off all the eyes below the lowest clasper. Both these shoots should be permitted to grow to tlieir ut- most extent — which, if the soil be favorable, will bo very eonsiderabl'^ : and therc^ will be reason to hop*' for t'niit tie- next season. '• Tho low or i lasper issues higher up on some kinds of vine than on (others. On some it appears at tho iliird lo;i,i. on some at the fourth, and on some kinds as high ii[i as at tin' iii'th leaf. But the sanif^ rule ifi to Ix; aj'plit li to all ; and (^vei'y eye below the hnvest clasper is to be rubbe(l ofV. " In tlh! third Feluaiary, thi'^o eves may be If^ft on' each shoot ; Ixit not more, houovor >triing th'' shoot* may ap}»ear to be. From this time f'orwar'I all th sidi' branches from the shont- of tin- yoar ;nv to ],. rublx'd off, taking care not t > injure tho h ai frui;. which t\\o\ spring, which is tic nui*>f of the bud at the base of the stem. " At tlh' fourth time of dressin;: tic vine, an*! fpom that time forward, it maybe en! IVoni ahoiif tln^end of Octojier to the middle of I'ebianirv. l-'our oyoi may be left on each shoot at ihi>^ time; and five eves may be left on each at the lifth dressing, liut muR- than live eves should nt VvT b.. left on a shoot even of the iiiost vigorous growth, at any age of tln^ vine; for ho\ve\ei- pj. asing the increase for tho year may be, the injury done thereby to the vine, will be seen and lamented in the following and probably many suc- ceeding years.'' So mneh i'e.- the I'-adie^t niodes of raising tho vine iVoni ( iiitiiigs, and it- Mil-sequent treatment. But tho pr(. j>a;j.ation of [hi- plant by seed, also deserves atten- tion and tii;il, because valuable new varieties arc not untrecini'nilv llin- ol,{aine(L and seedliuirs jrenerallv prove to b(^ hardli r and more productive than tlie pa- rent pl.mt, tliri\ing in inferior soils, and being less suscejttihle of injnry from at:n iphei-ie iiiihiences. — For this pur}i()se th»j mo>t p^rlect and eaiT!''-t in.i- ture(l seeds of a|>pri>\ed graphs are cJio^.'in m |«arat<'i from th<' l»ul{i, and drieil. Ahont the eh».-e (T A|)i\'l. a b-'il ha\ing a westeiai or northern expo.-ur ■ 1~ to be ]»rep;ired, hy depositing a laser ol lea.\t'S, or fresh horse (hiTiLi' ai>nnt a font hi-h, and covering it with ahoiii lonr iie lies ot' rich gardcMi mould. Tlie seed i^ then (jibldftd in three inches apart in rows six in- ches distant from each other, and covered about half an ini'h. Tic ground is to I >e kept moderately damp, and about tic middle of M,!\ tht! voun^x i)lauts "will •^ O I 111 make their a}»)'e;irance. i'ming the sunincr the lx''l must be kept elear of weeds, and oev'a**i«>nally'wattTod if the season lie dry. In August the seedlings must b^ pruned ditwn to eight or nine inches, anbinted where they are to remain permanently. an. I the -iihse(iuent treatment is to lie in accordance with the directions given by Mr. Mattack. An exi'cllent liquid manure f)r the vine, may bo prepared as ft)llows: Take one Imshel of cow . ' \ llaMt of Ob^LJ'- atien r--!" nnr narnre-. ♦ '.it ev.!T'-e than in agricultur- al operations, and practice of the fine arts. Vet even in th-' most simple an 1 monotom^us em- ployment, a I u,-y mind will (^V(»r lin.i exercise, and Ti >t unfre'juently originate an itlea which wlien dev(d- o-)ed ami applied., ij*-capable of working thi} greatest For the Farm Jnurnn!. \ ^Y^^^ \^^^^ curious, or Icds Worthy of admiration and study, because the successive changes are insensible, and require years for their consummatimi. Tlif! natural habits and requiroments of phmtH, — the circumstances that favor or retanl their growth, — the soil and manures which are best suiteil t > tlieir wants, — tlie changes which a given soil requires in order that it may yield the greatest profit^ for tho longest time, and at the least expense, — the accblcnts and injuries to which plants may be liable, and the methods by which they may be protected fnanthem; tic ], -, tiia • and eircumstances f^r s•^'st,— and la>tly th» best manner of preparing the -..;!, -d" i-eaiinL^ e .lleetin--. an 1 prtqniriiig f>r market 1'!,!- fa.ni, all require an exercise of n e i 1 1 . n ■ 'Manures. It has been said that on the first introduction of the steam engine, a bo}- was employ (^1 to open and close the valves. By watching the motions of the several parts of the machinery, he contrived to attach .1 fixture whi( h performed his task with precision. — Here was a labor as monotonous as could well be imagined, and to manv, as barnui of subjects for thought as could be selecb'd ; — but a fertile mind was n[)t to lay idle, and ingenuity wa- f.niid able to per- fect a great discovery. If we may h-!i-ve tra(liti>n. < .nc nf tla; greatest discoveries in science, liave h mh snggi^te I bv events so common asto pass ],v dailv nnlce.led 1^.- tl ■ ma^- of mankind. Tic- o|,or;itions of t!;- aiiim >t- W(.r!d around us, involve tiie apidieatiMn ,,(" | rimiple. in mechanics Mhich contain the germs (^ftli(» irreat^\st of Imman discovenes. Th<» operations of the aeronaut, the diver and the sailor have their analogies in the spider, and the nautilus, w hich practicealloons, or the adventurous diver si^ught to carry air with him into the watery clement, or the rudest sail was spread to the breeze. lu th" husbaiulman in an especial manner, is the book of nature opened for perusal, and his attention i"< nwited U) the operation of agencies so wonderful, that if they could be exhibited for the first time to a person who had never seen them, would call forth ex- clamatiims of surprise at their operations. If a seed, cast int«) the soil, should germinate, spring up, grow into a tree, blossom, and bear fruit within an hour, few persons would look upon such a wonder without tla'Og'it. and a Imlt . .f inq-rovcuients in the ways and means which the farmer has given to habits of obser- vation, Nvill not fi:l to notice and employ. .\ -imilai- reiuark m';,„hL b" a])pHed to the rearing of domestic animals, ami Lo e'lciy «!■ paitmwUi Oi a;^- rieultural operations. Under equal .irenmstanees an 1 habits of industrv. it will nniversallv he 1 miii i, tirat tlu^ most observtm: farmer is the most succ»essfu!. and that suec(^ss is di- rectly proportioned t<» the skill and care bestowed upon the adaptatiim of wants or retpiirements in the varied labors of the farm. With.mt suitable reflec- tion, (me may build a Mall or which might m [)roper situations have lasted a life- time.—or persists in cultivating the same crop m -^ field, wiieii another Wi)uld yield him tliricethe profits, or cimtinues in tie' raising of certain grain, c»r st^K-k, while the m ivk-t should Inuv wariml iiim t) adopt a ,ii,..^.^ — or rejects .a n-w iniorove- 'It lailtlv.i'in^^ the soil, ih t- by ;,;„,r Ml ITc own bin U. in competitb-n )rses ot' hr> n-iglih ts. — or allows to run hinidiel ^.,ur.'e> (d' lertilizing m.in ires, whieh ml-!it prollt.ildy and cheaply be applied ; . his soil, i.r penuriously denies himself and family the opportunity of learning of the n-w di8C0veriw tests to determine the quality of soil, antl judge of the kind of crop best suited lo the lo- cality. By closely observing the ehang-s of the weather, one may })y habit acquire the means of more p "oil table e neiit ifi implenc ill plaein- tie ' '^ with tic !e to Nva^t'' a awe and astonishment; yet the operation is not judging with some probability of accuracy, _tho au- ' I,"-* t,f m \^ M 23G COMMUNICATIONS. fNovEMnrii, piciouH time for sowing or harvcHting. Certain lo- journal kf>pt for tlic purpoHC, a n?gister of his duilv calities have thoso peculiarities of atmospheric con (litions, which afford data f >r estimatinc: cliauireft in the weather to a ji;ri^ater extent than others. The barometer affords the greatest assistance in tliese prognostications, and no well ordered farm should be without one of these useful instrumentw, well observed. Such is becoming the progress of knowledge, and its application to the practical business of life, that a certain amount oi' (.Mlucation, and an active an die or harvesting machine, as for the housewife to at- tempt to outdo with hor spinning 'wheel, and hand loom, the machinery of the woolen factory. It is true that a nuiltitude of tlie modern inii^rments offered for agricultural use are no improvementvS, — many ac- tually worse than useless, and hence ajtpears the ne- cessity of a cultivated habit of discriminaticm, to en- able one to select the valuable and avoid the worth- less. Having dwelt upon the necessity of a ha])it of careful and constant observation in the farmer, in or- der to enable him to adapt the means to the end, with the greatest success, it remains to enumerate some of the measures best calculated to ensure this end. The reason wliy men differ in their habits of ob- servation, is much the same as that wli;. li makes two fields under similar natui-.i] i-\\\\i\n-i:iur>'> (lifr.>ren(iv l)roductive. ^^ ^ often see a ti-M of L'r>i'n .if n-ivat luxuriance, by the side of an op-n anl nakrd com- mon, or a garden teeming vvitli .m r-v !i(;d wiiiint expentjc hy the Smithsouiii:i Institution .it \Vashingt<.in, to every one wi;shing t' observe, anu , . «c. fm v:.. . nm^i^ • ^m>j&»«Mm .ui'-ement might atlbrd business for a long winter one to tlirec inches h»ng, narrow, smooth, and thickly .„•„., [ scatt«;red on the stem. ■•, (Umg. ^ I \ habit of order and oconomy would bo ncrm, rrricultural laln.rs, before leaving the paternal roof, , op«'ning by several divisi...n» at the top, dividand.Mird with iri'cat rehictance. It is tlierel'ore t^- ".Ntirpat.- it. < kaitimnd -ulto!-.- witli th.' hn.>, is .,i,. VdHi h, and tic^se still T'l'minj; tlu's.* ha hits v.ho'ii am.ai:: the hr^r mcan> to dfstr^<. h is niiients oi t!i' ap 'r ai'c c II n.k- 1 \Nith t!i.- <- ihei-.-in containcti will !.•• adopted a^ i rule of life. They enjoin no self-denial, they re^jnii-.' 1.1 j>ecuniary expense. ;ind they will consume no por- ri>»n of time which shouhi be assigned lo olIp r iluii.-. th'' principal in-i-rdiao m \\ "Iph's cel.i.rat. .1 nmt- loait for the piles. It is a;-' n^j-d lor dropsies, jaun- dic'-, and (.•ntan.'.os i in] fions, and Linnun- -a.-, it i-" OS,' i a> a j)oison for liies. The plant has a liitlerish and saline taste, and \n;i; n ru'ihcd t.iiiil.> a -Jiudl re>cnilding that ot .-Ide;-. livery one hxts.- dailv in odd monv^nts a hundred .\otinir_: ^vill eat it. and '-xcrv Nestigeof it sliouil he times more tim. than n-. idi he required, Nvuhiut no- destnjycd ijy liic farmer as .noon as it makes its ap- tiriiig the loss, which if devoted to the ac(iuiremtlec- ! I'uionvilU', Crntrc co., ]\i., Oct., li*'r>l. tion and |dcasure in old a;re, when man ceases to de- ' ^•iv(< gratitication Ir^ni the Ijusy \M)rl 1 ar'am 1 hua. ^ '1 he adv aiiln;;*' of kte|>in^- ^nud ci)\.\. md must rely upim the stores of nnnea-v. a.nd the ' ^^^ Koit..u:— Tliere is ,me suh,cot which I think 'veoUecth.n (.f a w.dl or ill s].ent life f^r h:^ pleasant ^j^,^^,, , .,^^;,,^ ^,^ , ^^^^^...^, attcntion'(.f the farmers of •r mi.serable associations. r ain^vlvania, 1 nt which for s(mn^ unaccountable SomavUk, tr, appear^ t- hiNeh^m -trangely neglected—I : mean th.' rai-in'_- 'if tie m^ -t improved breeds of cat- ' tl'V }• >rsr\iral \^\<'n\ e. un- /•/r?ir/^ .Muitli^r Imaire. (,.iinnn, i'as Ma k'-i- fJ*':^'- ^ <'"""' ^'''^ ^' *"' ^'"^ ''^>'' • "'^'".v of rhe name is d.a-i\cd fr no the Ccdtie /.//;/, the mun-' 'h- cns. 1 kcnt. -ear-'.^N pa.un- th.- (»vp(«nse of kr..p- for flax, because the leaves reseinhj.- tho^e nf that n-.:- :i'i '^ ha.vin- -ati^ti-d my^.'lf .f this fact, 1 s>dd >ti" !nv entire i'lvnanaia. tiie 2d order, xVngiospermia, in the artificial system | the best dcv" ^)( Linnaeus,— to or hr Scrophularlaeae, of SpreiiL"'!- ' l'ro\. nnnt of i1>-m. ( ha\.' dc^.-ot'd niu.'h tim.' and Hf- and tribe A!i;;i i-hinid.M in (Irav's Botany of tlic : tention. and find mysojf v.. 11 r.'].aid f'.r hoth. North' iui and Middle States. The genu.s ci.utain.s 130 species. Two of them are natives of the United States, and two more ar. natu 1 will iiive \.,\i .a ft Nv laef^ in relation to ono ofiiiv w-;. which t.'ok the fir-t pr'tnium at our co\;ntv ex- hibition on tiie l>t and '2d ol Oi'toh.a-. \S, e,,ri!- I '( I ralizcd. The one under consideration is a native of menceed. It dura imt average yield , .f (utter ('^r eleven successive weoks icem t.) haNe Mircad itself ahLrmini;lv until receiitlv. ' ^^as H' Ih^. or 11 n 11 -. in all. On th.> '2:;d of ^\^^^ , now it takes almost exclusive possession of the soil la some vicinities. The root lives for many years and is almost as te- nacious of life as the Canada thistle. The stem grows from one to two feet high, not branched except near the vield of 1 uit r from this cow was ^)eginning, hnt in the end they will j^rove tlio cheapest. The sauK^ amount of feed is rcipiinnl for the common eow, the same attention is also nec^essary, while the return sfie makes, is not lialf a^ much n^ that of one of the improved l)reeds. ii 1 IkiI iIm choice, I wouhl rath<'r pay a handsom > ]»ri(" lor ii n-ood Devon, than t;ik(^ a comiimii cnw us a iiil't. vat(;d. r/UladcIphla, Oct., 1851. James I). Fllton. TcDiptr in the laniily, I)Y MRS. ].. C. MWA.].. None, perhaps, have so many provocations to ;> hasty temper as those ihinilics where business liur rics iukI drives from iiii'i-iiiiii: till iii;j;ht, mikI whore sn iiiuih (Icji'iids (-n <;ich dill' pri-rormin^- ilii'ir parf The cow abov.' referrr d tu is a d."..., iv' <^'"1 >''.-''' '''" ' ^^'''l p'^^"'". 120/,) lbs. A< I itit-'iid kc'-pin-j; a rc^Milar accdunt of the butter we mak<' from her tlif cotninLr season, jiiid a-s T lutpe to incrtavc tlic aiiioinit smn 'wliat, I will ive you a full and iair jUTdiint li!'i-cnft«M\ AV. ^\ . Tavi.ok. U^)})^' ProvidencCy Monffjomfi'i/ ro., Pa. The Arb{»rttum, Mdi/nolia ronspiinta — \^ a native of tlic district of Yulam, China. It is perlccUy hardy m nil the imd- dle States. The tree is of a iMautilul t'onical i'dnn and rapid growtli : it -.ittains an altitude of about for- ty feet; wlien covered with its tiiliji-likc wliitc !low<'i> it is a very attractive object, and as it bh)oms previous to the expansion of the h'aves is one of the earliest harbingers of spring. It is entir(dy free from attack ])y insects, and is unsurpassed as a lawn tree. MiK'Iio'ci (lurdufuini, ()citi(jr ormdjc. — This m i^'^nifi- cont deciduous tree is found in al»undance in Ti \as and all the southweytern States. It is n^t >uilici( nt- Iv appreciated as an ornamental shade tree ; \eiy ap- Ihit a little consideration, and care. an(l ^vatc}lf■l:; ness over the feelings and icoi-ils, will d>» AVundc;-^ antness all eilorts to cultivate theni, in tic hear; and hitnie. A }>ad tein]K r, long In troys the pleasures wf (lomostjc and scK'ial lile, anil is often .i -uurce oi ticcjnr aii- ;:ui-li tiian the heart can cdncei\e (»r pen dev,a-ihe. Tl le lit "I'd I in m;ii. should e\ei-take the preeedenct' in ;ill things; let hi> l)usine.v> he what it may \v should not forget that he has a capacity for enjoy- ments above those of SL>nse. Reflection for one moment, will often cool thr risings of a hasty temjMT. Keniemher that your own inadsertencc and unintentional otf'nciw hav' he, 'II mistaken {or iiialirr^ and you will soi»ti learn t' be a> lenient to otliers as ytiu nvmuM have them t(. v<»u. 'i'hink of friendshiris destroved, wounds ni;nl' , propriate to the park and lawn. Thw ti-e.' i- .if \,t\ i distress occasioned, alienations produced, by on*' rapid growth, very gra(!eful in it> outline, and ha> par-xy^m (I'arger and y..u will soon become master the excellent uualitv ol retaining it-> rich e;los-v irrcen \ of so dang(»rous an enemv. leaves until extrcni" frost. It is entirely free from attack 1} injects. As a he(lge jtlant its merits are fullv appreciated, and in that form is being rapidlv diffusetl o\.r eur country. Acacia julibrissim. — The "silk tr(^(\" oi" the south, is hardy in light soils south of New York. It is a mo t beautiful shrub, producing in clusicrs numerous tufts of straw colored flowers. The leaves arc beau- tifully compounded, very graceful, and of a light sea- green color; the contrast of the iiowcrs and foliage is ry striking. llxdcsia ittraptera. — The "silver bell" or sn(tw drop of Sctuth Carolina, is a beautiful tree, cpilte hardy in all the middle States and growing to the height of forty feet. The form of tie tre(> is compact and when covered with its innumei-able b«dl-shape(l silvery flowers, produces a flue etf(M't. If permitted to branch low, it is quite uni(|ue in the landscap»e. Rhus cotimis — Ycnitian shumace, Pmoke tree, mist tree, and brown fringe tree, for by all these names it is known, is a first class shrub, very singular in appearance when in bloom; when in clumps with other shrubs of same size and different foliage it hat If vou even rec(i\e an iniurv, or an insult, let th..' ners'-n know thiit vou are ir<»verned hv hivcrcome evil with i'^o.kI ' ami ' will bi-ing Comfort to ihe injurcil brea>t arei be thcrt IS a /'/^'///am of pnpciual peace. Chifknango, A', i". Mit. KniTou: — Th(T(> may be smu)' .f vour reader? who are SO unfortunate^ a^ to liav.- theij- 'j.^rato crop effected with rot in the cellar, which was mv laisfer- tune in 1 ^.V *, in on(> ], >rtion (,f tlie crop to a groat "xtent. A\ hen dis,'overed, I at onco turned them over, rtMnovlng all that were affected; ]>ut that did not arrt^st its progress. \Ve ML:ain tui-iied theni an*'' to(»k at the rat<^ of i>no buslicl air slacked line' nr'i I wo bushels eliarcoal dust to the hun<]red lan>hcls <- potatoes, nnd lib'Tally '-prinkleil them when turniniv Its effects were magical, tlie ^vhole atmosphere i>f tli^' c(dlar was purified, the disease arrested and even th' partjallv decayed })arts dried up. We ieol assured that an^ who try it will arrive at the same Imppy re- sults. Yours truly, R. BuifcX. UoscdoXc Nursery cC' Seed Farm, Oct,, 1S51. we observed several tine stallions, and tpiite a goodly number of nmres, eolts, young horses, tte. The display of agrieidtural imph'ments, wa", we understood, not so large as that of hi'^t year, it being confined mainly to those kinds manufaeture(l in the adioininir counties, vet it was creditable and attract- ed much attention. Samples «)f excellent corn, wdieat, and other pro- ;md are free to state that a m(»re agreeable visit we I ,|^^^.^. ,^.,,j.^, (>xhibited in the h.wer sah.on nf tle^ main iiave ne\'r ] :n*b ^^''-' reachcl tlie gr.nmd at ;ni i.„;i, !;„,_,. There were but f-w v. '-taliles, the exces- ive dr-MUglit ha\inL' iir'ire I tlpiii jr^at^v. "We <;'!k ihl laLTev, ^'cuiihj ric.viinltural (?v!]ilntion^. Montgomery rounty Fvhihition. The annual exbibitiun < f the .Mdut-omeiy .■Munty M.cicty was held at Springtown, two and a half miles from Norristown, on the first and second of Oct(d)er. We embraced the occasion ti) spend a few pleasant Javs with our agricultural friend^ in M-ntg(miery, .arlv hour on ilc nea-ning of tic fir^t, but fer.nd that there were "earlier bird-" than ourselves; a-^ tie- .'U- .-losur- N\;i- rapidly filling with visitors, and ouite a . ,,.nlH.r ,,f fine catil-, ;::id a large Nariety ^^^ agricul- :;:ral iniiaement^, j.roduee, \c., were in their aj.i.ro- ; !-iat- places. As the ih.y l.rumi>e . ^er\ed ^MiH" sup'-riir petate"> a.; \\ -11 a> e heat-, iVc. (^hiitc a imeiher (,f \\ aiseholi articles Wer' also exhlhlted lU tlll^ ai ia»"' Ml • 'I i * . i In tic upper -ahK.!i, the hnlie- liad it all ! • tie ri;- velve^. and as u-nal, hv their 's >"A ta~-t" 'nel -kill sueceeihd '\\\ ke"p: n :j t In i r apartment ei'^'W.hd with vi-iti'T^ durin;^ tic wh^b' tine' nf tic evhij,iii, n. On thc' altei-n>H,n "f tli-' >;;nn' dav. tiie aiip.'iai a !- dre<< wa< ilelivered t^ a lar:j:;e and a!feiiti\ e audience by the Hon. Wm. D. Kelley. of IMiiladelplda, and The grounds contain five acres, surrounded with a ' ^j^ j infinite credit te that gentlcmai.',. head and heart. A^ We li(;pe to be al le to jiresf^nt it to. our readers at some future da;., we d>f'' r f uriher notice. The number of visitors was very large, and all RC'^ni'Ml deli'rht<*d with the exlnbitioii. In cnneludinn: this ha-ty 'iket^'h, \\ c i ,;nnot Imt tnndf'r our most sincer" thank- f^r tic manv irentl.ananlv eourtesic.«i extended us hv tl C I •f'lcTs nf th" societv as wcll as ( au-e of ;ie;riculturt>, I V addinir several hundred most substantial board fence, six feet high. Th whoses. The building^', -heds, sta'i-, feiiee, vVi'., are haudsom(dy wbitewash- e]. iriving the wh ;le a neat and cleanly appearane<\ The use (y the own«T of the pub- lic house directly oppo-ite. If, at the end of that time the society desire to r< move to any otinr plac<\ thev have the ].ri\ile'-.' (f removin;: tin; ))uildini:s. hut iC't the ieiiee around the ene]i)sur(\ The fact deserves to be mentiiue'd that the proprietor of the grounds also contributed the handsome sum (d' 5)dliU towards the erection of the fence. All these improvem-nt- have been made within a few years. Tli.' societv i^ rr<-e from liabilities, and in a highly pros|ierous condition. And now a word .n repirtej»ped on a ru>iiy ii.iil. whi ii ran tbroU'di her shoe and foot. Tlie .nilrtmmai e-n and ])ain was t.f course very great, and hirk-iav,- aj^j-re- hetided. A friend of the family, howi\M,-. rec, m- ni'mded the a]>plieation of a ])e.•^ taken frc-I, frem the warden, anil lutunded fine, to the woniei. It \vas done, and tic -fiectwas \ery h- icficial. .^■"H tic inflammation lieemi [,, subsich". and by keejcng in the crushed bci't, tdianging it f^ i- a fre^h <'io as its \irture seemeil to become ijnpaired. a -j. of hi- h'tr. land, ami caj>ital devoted to this sphaidid fruit. One Icrtieulturii^t, in Connecticut, r(^ali.sed S^co f(,r Ids last veur's crop, on half an a"re, wdiile th" hu .d<- ster to whom he seld them gained nearly a^ ii:;i. .h more. A number of horecs were exhibited, amongst which ing. ^j^ Ail roots sliould be excluded from the light during thc winter, and kept in as low a temperature 08 can be made convenient witliout danger of {tqui- iJiliiM 240 TTTE ALDERNEY9 '■''■'^mvitn'isimfWi *« W *^'/-#i-* -r * ■■' , ' ■Sit.*'f«m'*''' '■•>«rJ("*l^'-..■»r■->^J|iWt■»-•*|■«e*tw»»r. ■*(■****■..; >w*-^-»«ur-« [November, The Alderiicys, The Normandy cattlo arc from the French conti- nent, and are larger and have a superior tendency to fatten ; otlu th are from tlie islands of the French coast; but all of them, Avlicthcr from the continent or the islands, pass under the commun name of Alder- neys. They are found mainly in /gentlemen's parks and I»leasure-gruunds,and they maintain their occupancy there i)artly on account of the richness of thc^ir milk, and the great (juantity of ])Utter which it yields, hut more from the dimunitive size nf i},.. animals. Their real ugliness is passed over on the^e accounts ; and it is tlHiught l'ashioua))le tlial till \ir\v riM.jii ihr hr(>ak- fsst or lr. rarkinsun, who Mums lo hav(> a det«u-mlieMl prejudiee against tliem, says that "th.'ir si/.e is small, nnd they are of as })ad a form as can pos^JMv ])e de- Herihe'l; the }»eHies of many of t h.-m are fouriifths of their weight: th<' neck is very thin and hollow : the nhuulder atandii up, and is the highest part; they are hollow and narrow ])ehind the shoulders; tln^ chin ia nearly without flesh; the Ini.-k^ arc narrow and sliarp ?!t the ends: tlu^ rum]) is -hort. and they are narrow and light in the brisket." This is about as bad a form as can possibly be described, and the })ieturc is very little exaggerated, when th(^ animal is analyzed point by point; yet all these defects are so put togeth- er, as to nmke a not unpleasing whole. The Alderney, considering its voracious appetite— for it devours almost as much as a short-horn— vields very little milk. That milk, however, is of an extra- ordinary excellent quality, and gives more butter per quart than can be obtained from the milk of any oth- er cow. Some writers on agricultural bubjects havo however, denied this. The milk of t!e>' Ald-rin-v cow fits hor for ihe situation in which she i^ UMiallv ]ilae(Ml, and where the excrni ii,-o .,f the artid-' i- r^- gard-MJ, and not the vx\^c\i^:': Imt it is not ri,!. <'nhe dof,, i,i nay f*r what she costs. On t!io south <'oa^t of \]u_^. ian.l. there is great facility in ohtaining the Alder- ncy cattle, and they an^ gn^at favorites there. < hie excellence it must be acknowh'dged that the Alderneys pos5^^ ; when they are dried, they fatten with a rapidity that AvoiiM be scarcely thought i)(isi- ble from their gaunt appearance, ,!n. <-•->,<>--» THE ALDKRNEY BULL. ::Px^ Mick in liARXS.— A writer in the Rural Ktw- Vork- \ , T,-nn'aster. I 'a, ('•'luinhia. i*a. 1 lari'i -iMi:"^'. I*. INtt-lMir-,' r.i. < 'haaib'T^burg Carlish', l»a. \ork ra. r. a. position V)'^fore their agricultural brethren elsewhere; but it was the innuense out|)ouring of th<' multitude, and t!ie hopeful spirit that pervaded all. There w.i-i no spirit of bravailo manifested, but an honest con- viction that Pennsvlvania could r to tliat of tjo oth'"»r State. We 111' and of booksellers gen";-all;. Our Olfirc. Those having business to trtinsact witii us will please call at the B(Mdv Store of \\ . il. Spangler, in Xorth (^ueen street, Lancaster, wlnu-e we or (ear re- ]ircsentative will at all times b" in attendance. ■■ - - -• - ('iip:i>'.T. — The article on Tobacco, \Nhleh appeared in (air la-t No., should j»roperly hr.ve been credited to th(; S,»uthern Planter, from which excellent Jour- nal it was copied. JB^' Our absence at th • State i'lir. iind t'le wwr- sual pressure of business which preceded it, ma.-.t he oar appol«>gy for the want of propter arranirement of articles in our present nnmher. State A^-» icultuiai! I AJiibitien. The first Kxhil'ition ol" tho r=iin-\ Uania Sta,t< Agricultural Soci<'tv \\;i> h 'M at 1 larrl-^ni^j: on W cil Di^sday, Timrsdav ;in 1 l'riet. •„''. ■'<•' and :. 1. - It was an even'' lo ik 'd forward to Wii'.i th'' (loej',.-t anxiety by the friends of a;_;a-i ultni-i^ throii._:;h 'Ut :1a' Stat;"*, as upon its success o;- i:ii!iir • .l-'p-ieled ;."'cat!v. the |X)sition Pennsylvania \S"iiM in lumi-o ^ -;imc m regard to her great leading interest. Man}' conjec- tures were hazarded as to the result of the enterprize, a:id not a few of those wiio most sincerely desired its coinpl'jti^ success, were fearful tha'^ it wadd prove a failure. For our own part, w ■ n'\er fur an in-tant, indulged a doubt. A\ . have ever contended that the agricultural resources of our own State are superior to those of any other in tic I'nion, an I while some have endeavored to create the impression that our farmers were wanting iu intelligence and enterprise, Vi^e have ever taken the opposite groun 1. ^\\i are ai-e neither a pr^ple t, no;- Uie son of a pro'.ih-'i, luit we viaitiir.' the pr • li ti'tn tliat th" next Fair of tia? Society v\-ill e([ual in cM-vy particular those of X. ^^■rk and far ♦•xcced those of Maryland <'V < diio. The spi- rit that has so long (piietl}' slumbered in Pennsylva- nia has at length been thorougldy aroused — a j)roper feeding of State pride has been awakenetl, and we look forward w 1th a de«'p and abidijiir eonlidcuce U» thedaywhen the people simll again be imited to l)r!ng forward for exhibition tlie rich airric'ultural resources of our noble State. And now a word in regard to the arran^reni'Mits. — Our limits will not })ermit us to say ;is much as we could desire, nor will it be in our power to particu- larize; we must H'serve our notices of stock, imph.- ne ait-, ct<:., for a future number. The grounds were beautifully located on the east- ern bank of the Sus(pielianna, ab(»ut one mile north of Ilarrlsburg, and lin( ly adapt«?d to the pur])ose. — Xotwithstanding the rain which fell before and dur- ing the exhibition, no inconvenience was sutfered fr-ni land or m a-tnre, every |ci.rt .f tlie enclojsure being in a loitiliti'ai fii: f i- a lad;,'- pi'omenade. The fencing, ^h''d-. A ■., w^r-' erected undt r ♦},« w ' ' r 1 , lit. i: r 1 1 a;": i • i ■:; tlt. I "^ an I st( ! K i'l-te/e to sav, hargi'd in tlie -up' rin'.' n^e lie ' ( 4' I *aniel \\ The reception and tli.-p'">iti -n of ar;i wa-- also enl:u-t''l t" hninaiel it i^ l-i; thaf hi- nniltifarious duties w < re ili- most satisfactory manTn-r. The tents were furnislied by Mr. <'. "William*, of Rochester, X. Y., who with his assistants, were on the ground during the wh(de time. M; . "\\ . also fur- ni-h '1 the tents for the X. ^ . Stae I"air. His ar- ranj-' nients were most excellent and we are indebted to him for manv courtesies. The President, IT n. V. Watts, arrived at Harris- bur;: on Mondav, and continued there during tlie whole week. A world of praise is due Judge Watt^ for the dignified yet energetic manm r in v. iiici; he now rejoiced t^) see that the honest yeomanry of discharged his arduous and responsible duties. Pennsylvania have taken the matt^T into their own | Various membera of the Executive Committee were hands, and nobly have th<^y vimiicated their charac- 1 also present rendering good sersice, and assisting tor. It was not the amount of st^>ck, the quantity of j materially in completing the arrangements, agricultural productions or the number of implements exhibited that are to be regarded as an attempt on The Committee of arrangement's were untiring in their cfTiJrts to provide every thing that could con- the part of the farmers to place themselves in a right ducc to the comfort of the animaltj and convenience Ij II 215 KOrTORIAL. r^■ Dvr.Murn M li ill 14 ^fitrtmtww^mma^uf m ■ wBg^ r-w^f— ifc J of the exhibitors. Nuthiug wtii left uikIouc tliat was roquircd, or of which they had notice in tlino, un dis- plav in this ilrpartmcMit was so much grtniter than had be.en anticipated. This will be corrected in fu- ture exhibitions. The display of stock was not (extraordinary, al- though it was fully c«pial to public anticipations, — Hatl it not been for the wretched arrangements of the Central Kail Road Tumpany it would have been much Ix^tter, as a large number of tine cattle from the east- ern counties, and New Jersey, intended for the ex- hibition did not reach the grounds for want of suitable conveyances. Tins is a matter to be deeply deplored. None e()uld have been more deeply inter- ested in the succt^ss of the exhibition than the com- }>any. both for the present and the future, and yet, their arrangements wer(> faulty both in regaJd to the conveyance of stock and paissengers. We shall at- tend to this de]>artment more fully luTcafter, as there were many animals on exhibition of the best breeds well deserving of notice. The display of horses was good in some respeets, and defective in others. We should have been proud to sec a larger number of our IVnnsyWania draught horses. C^uite a numlx^r of superior bloodeil and Other stallions were exhibited, as well as promising brood mares, colts, &c. The displaj? of articles of domestic manufacture was highly creditable. Here the ladies had the sway. and we most cheeifully accord to them the high praise they deserve. We would suggest to the Ex- ecutive committee, the appointment of a committee of ladies to this department. I^The agricultural produce department was tolerably well represented, as was also the mechanical. Th' e<»iitril)Uti in Floral Hall Wt.TC goml, tliough n^t large in number. The Ploughing match attracted nmch attention.— We considered it one of tho most important feature. i)i' the exhibition, and were glad to jxirceive tha: the lar-re maiorltv a;rreeii with ns. There i.s \,,t room for important improvements in ])loughs and tl.i more attention given to tln^ir construction niel wnrk, the sooner their improvement will b<' effected. .S*ijii.; of th(^ ploughing was excellent, and d«,'serv(\M spe 'i/ nnmtion hereafter, while others wert^ deficient in a. that constitutes good work. W<; wer<; hiy;hlv }4ratiti(Ml to obs(n'V(; that with k few exceptions, the ])lows were all manuiacturej j; our own State, and gave evidence (d' suj^fiior m - chanical skill, both in their construction au'l finl-ii. 'J'he (Contributions of fowls were excellent, .iml .i:- tracted as much att'Ution as any «)ther pari wf t^. exiiii)ilion. i ne* hrii n;ver :^>'i/.i'.>i ine peopic, mil everv chicken on the irround from the tiny l>aiitam to the tall Shanghae, that conM be bought, was pur- chased at high prices and sent in vari(»us dirertii'TH through tiie State. Kefreshments of excellent ouallty W(TC served up in aliundance bv Mr. iiinkle of Columl)ia. His ur- rangennuits, though extensiv(\ were not as ani|il'' a' they should have been. This h:.wever was the ivv ;.', not of any want of disposition to accommodate, but .: a mistaken notion in regard to the number of j)orsons wlio wouhl be in attendance at the fair. Mr. 11. w.'! know ])etter next ti.ne. The only ()bjeetional)le feature we obs(>rV(vi, wa- :i pcu-minsion granted a number of itinerant veni'.eis * worthless arti(des, to display their wares, and hy imh- sensical declamation, divert the attention of th(^ vvvwl from the careful examination of the implements. >t<'»k. tfec, thus defeating one of the great objects oftl' exhibition. It may be Cfmfidently asserted and we refer to th' fact with ]deasure. that ncn'er, on anv occasion di'l ?=•'' large a crowd assemble, anJ continue^ \u close pr v imity for so long a period with as little disturhaii-'^ All were agreeably sjirprised at tht^ extent of the di- plaj anred in our faith in th- a])ilitv of Peim^-y' vania to stand with the fo.'-emost in an aL^ricnltural point of view. t«) hear from thousands of lips, "thi^ is well, but next vear we will do better." Net ;i drunken man was seen on the urounds nor did "^il^ thing occur to mar in the sli^rlitest deirree the liarnv' ny and good feeling that [»revailed. It was :i j-r nl event for tlu^ Key.. powerfully upon her future greatness. Tho numln r of persons in attendance was variously estimated at from 35,000 to 45,000. In concluding this yery hasty and Imperfect sketch KDIToIUAL. O 1 ^ : ,,f the fair, we beg leave U) tender to the committee of irranfvni'nts. iis well a*' all tho officers our u.n feign. •(! thiinks for (lie ?nany courtesies extondorl us. A tout ,v'ii.s provided irt \slii(h w- opifed ouroffio(>, and in- vited our friends to call. 'Idiey did call, by scores | ft;; 1 hundroiN. and the gr'oetin;i> we ex(dianu'''d with t' ■!!! were of the m >:ate fair to take passag'' in any one of thou), twn ♦rvia^ iidv wrw Ket apart ftrthis purpose, and thene I wholly in^utfieifnt to accon\inod;\,te the vast crowd 'l'.'"*ir.>u8 of N i-ii ing in*' lair. >> e nniv salelv assert tn i[ thou-ands (»f persons from iianc:isler (dtv and '•<)uiitv were nre\ent(Hl fVoni nvhiir by the slinnn-^s id" the company's accommodations anil the unrea.-^onalde li )urs ai wliich the trains rt-achej liarri-hur;^. Wo will not advert to tfie < haracter of the ears, n r the ' insi)lence of some of the conductors. We have re- 1 c»uv!»d several letters from ''entlemen of tlu' hiirhest ■ ri'sj)»»ctahility in whiidi the c<»nduct of some (;f the . ''onductori i>^ spoken (d', and we think it l)ecomes the ! duty of the Presidf-nr and .Manag»'rs to tMKpiire into ' ■h!-j ni;itt' r. Among'^t those who .strove to aecomniin d.vti' passenger!^ we are pleased to mention, Mr. Pa»il ; lUjaihnn, w !>(» hd't nothie.g undone that wouhi in any ^ ly condiic" to tludr comfort. 1 li»^ arrangements for tiie transportation of stock i w r • equally deficient, and had the (»ffeet of render- :■',' t!i:s di'iKirtment of the exhibition far less credita- hi" than it would otluTwise have been. It ;s lUi" iniprelunisilde to us, why the most amjde ."i-'e )Ui:nud;nions were not afford. 'd. It certainly was a j^rotitahh' affair for th.- cnnipany and would hav IxMni m(»re S(», h;i,l th.>v manifestod a little m..ro li- t);'rality. \\ ,• know that the .-ntire motive power of Ih.^ Cn]uniM:i JIail Koji,| ^va^ placed at the disposal ol tli'J Central Kail Koad Comi.anv, bv the ('anal Pom- tnissioners for the C(»nyeyance .d" passengers and sto«'k if noces.sary. Where then is th.'lr apology ? We can f^nd doassur,. them, that a fnding (d' d(M'p in.lie;na ti)n pervades the ccnnnunitv and we think, very pn - I>"rlv. rKfiTANo (biVAMf.MAi, TuKKS. — Wc have mad. arr.-^ng-nvnts to supply orders to anj v\h'Ui f.r fruit .^id Mrnam.iital trees of (;vcry description at nurs.T\ jTi ,-i. l*'rv ms ur(i(.Ting from us may rest assured that the trees furnished will be all they are repre- sented, and that no pains will be spared to guard them against imposition. Catalogues may be had at our office. Pliiladrlj. Ilia Society for the I'romotion of \grlrul- turc. I h'' aniii: J .'\!iil)ition of this veniM'alde society was held at tho Kising Sii!i \ll!age(-nthe Sth and IHh of October. Having a hdsure day or two, we de- torniin. d to safe in asv,.rtiiij: tliat the display h:is n.\er beon e(pia!lfd a' anv C'un'v e.\hi- bition t !st'\y]irri'. .Vnmng^'t the c .nt!"ihntu!->; wcn^ Messrs. Ha;L'ne, ^\'istar, Pitnnir, Mc< lowen, Punk, H.-ndricks, PoMn:ird ami Ibimstead. An object of special int. -rest was a Shangha.- h ■!), the lirst ever imported to the Pnito-l State^;. Sh.' is se\rn years • U'l, iiii'Ks wi'ii. a MO wo w-To iiiii'rm''ii lavs wii. A ]>roo: L:i\.-'n great attention t" fowls, and has been hiLclilv successful m hre-din"- tii'iu. — AN'e reirrit th:it .»ur limits forbid a more extended no- tice .tf this intere«^ting dep:irTment >rineipal c.'iitributors to this d(>partment wt-re (len. Padwallader. ()wen I^h(^ ridan, .lames (Inwen, Samuel Williams, i)r. Karton, (fcorge lilight and others. If our Phila.hdphia coun- tv friends could infuse a little more of their spirit into other p.»rtions of the .^tate, Pennsylvania would s»)on be without a rival in this d"pj\rtment. * We did n<»t consider the di«er id' swine w.tc exhibited of the Berkshire, hlaek aiel whit*'. ( liester county an.l Huchess. tofefher with some tine cro.sses ot the Herk- shire an display was limited hut liighly sejc.d. One of the prineijuil attra.-tinn- in tliis department was a superb New Oxfordshire Kuek, exhihited by .Varon Clements, Ks(p, (-f Phila.hdphia. Mr. Winn], of a c.»ntribut..r t.. tliis dep:irtment. Tho display of implements was large, and int^^r- esting. Many implements of the most approved con- struction were shown by Messrs. Proutyand Barrett, C. B. Rogers, Mr. Wilkinson of Mount Airy, and others. p, ^^'^'f* i-f^^-l*"^*^ "--tW^ II II ii II 244 EDITORiAi.. [Novnrnrn. isn.J EDITOllLU. 21.J r**-*i 1. 1 • « -wiM «^ «r° HM * i. 1 WCT^iq The C()ntril)uti(>ns (.f a;^i-I(Hiltural prodiictiuii.s were excellent in quiintity }ineen Heleeted. Ir was listened to w ilh inui-kcd attention by the large! crowd, and aboundo"! iu much that was valuable and inte- To.stmg. According to custom, tlie Society with tln'^oni- mittccH and invitod -.ip-ts -;;t A<>\m\ in ;: 1,1..-.' 1. aio- .^^ ^^.,, i^.r^ i,;^,,^ ^^^ |,,,u .^ f.^^. ,,,)j,., ,,r ,1,, tifid rcpn^t pr-Nldr.i i,_v that cat-'ivr ..f - I tl,li,;j>- \[. ^^^ .j,;^ j^^^^^j^.j f.^,.;,,, ..\ j,,., uu-^-. XNliirh w. i;. .inii.-s, of luo iv\r!iangv ll'Kr!, '''''!■'' '■ I pi.ia.— | ^|j^, j.j..^,j,,,.^ ,,}■ tli.> J, >nnia!, \.\[\\ lii-'hu:,, Amongst the guests present u.n- Mr. Howard ..ftlw' ^^j,j j,..^^^,. ..f xt; ivje. Albany Cultivator. I'r. -I. i>a\i- i'r. -id^ii' of i'ik ' Montgomery county Society, dacoli rrai;!/, !!-i|r.. President of the Lancaster Countv Soci(^tv, Ibn . !>!. OholCvS of Khode Island, ( i.n. lii.hafd-; 11 'v iho aeti'-ii nl' the w;,'aiher, a.a.l aidiii : iiiatorially " ■d. and \\,;!i raeli ^rrov.tli a.nd \ i;i;or • f tli- w iMerness of weeds arte-:"' Ill - III iiMir ■. ai.d iiistc;'.'. Tlie farmer wUj had n<»tliin^ to learn. There an; in every ccmimnnity, larmers, who ci I ccive it imposeiblo to add anything to their alrcjuiTl acquired stock of knowdedge. We met one «f t;.:> class a few days since, who in answer to our iiKji;;: wdiether lie was a subscriber to an agri«'ultural i .1 pt.^r, indignantly rej)lied that "book farming ^-a^ J humbug, and that he kuew more of farming than ;i; . ])odv e<'i!l:i ir!l hini." We did \\>\ artr'-'.e the nu!,.- wi(ii ii'.iii. eo!icel\ in;:; it to })e worse liiMii ii-elops;! .• conditl •: .rt'sout : liiat ll.. > pr The pabncT fM^c''' en(d(^\\n iii sev(Tal ])la(M»s ; one oi" tlio hi-i;. < was tMiii ..ir i!ie gate, and directly in front of t. kit -Ihmi door several lank looking sAvine were wall' ins in the nni I hole,wh(Te, for dear knows howl^i; the slops of tin.' kitchon had Ix^en carelessly thnv We thouirht, that w^r » lie reallv as wise us he c . eeived him'-fdf to ))o. that fence would have boon :>■ pair»-d. that gate hin^'e fastened, — a good brop^! swine would have replaced tlni^^e lumgry looi;: .. ones, and the rich slops of the kitchen would liu been np]di(Ml to a better use, than to create an ", wheljsonie and unpleasant wallowing place forsiw;:.' Tie' barn stood on an eminence, and direct!} front of it, a small stream flow(Ml. From the ma;:;;' heap to this stream; the rich nninure water was {!•"•• ia\ <• 'an- a Had in' b.M n - . \.tv wis(\ h • w.aiM have chwl: ■• thr w a->t" of t Mat or >^ixtv--i\ years they 1 succeedin**" year are grttxsmu; more ^pi; li' d ami stronger, ami we ho))C to see tln' da.v \'. h' n th,- \rno- ral lie association shall lii\i' ^I'cund- nt tlraf ^wn. wortliy ibe character i.f the Society and th" LO'^d cause for which they have so long and nuhly haltled. of the weather, but lose in addition their very v:ii' • ble manure.) he would have* given them a |»la' i • aa 1 n t ; a 1 : i^ f.'Ah I ' I ■ 1 uj-ai l!ie c and llni- nol oni\ exii- [)-).-'• Lta-ni to herrv tP tav' inel prop r plae ( tination in the city and r.mitv wvr niad^ ; > n frequent have been these com plaints, that wo an* al- most afraid to meet a subscriber from that section, lest his first iiKpiiry should be, "why have I not re- (le-;- shelter ami by that moans secured their conitert pr.Mbirti\ eness, as widl as their excrement. An orehaial cf young appiv trees was ulni''- iirvl\ destroyed by the borei — tlie bnces that closed his m(\ulows wtu-e in a ruinous conditi"ii Several hogs were actively engag-i '.tn Iii'I'-, i'oHows that plowing \\ith the' 'oi] to ihi 'h a rh of idj-ht o'- t' ti raori", ha- a 'i<-ei- dad advantaiie ovrr Iii- nei;:hbor win* rejeels tin; use of it altogether, li: wet seasons, su))soiling acts as a drainer, and in !ry seasons it absorbs moisture larcrelv from the atm )STdiere. an 1 -etains it for a much longer perit»(l, than N^le le thtj land is plowed, as it is ordinarily don(\ The above cut represents a n^w cast steel extend- ing point subsoil plow, the in\''ntion of (\ !'.. 11 'gers, of Pliiladelphia. It will be observed that thi- imple- ment differs from any oth< r in u(«;e, in having but a single handle. This, we are informed by several gen- tlemen who have tried them, is a decided improve- ment. >uv iiart \\ ' >hoi;i 1 jT« ath tT- t^a- th' !;-■' "1" tie' Hjh>«oil plow to tie' ,MKiao.'\i II at tie' -.me' prii aa lamra^lcr CeiuitN !*leu;;liing Matrh. The }i!-; IM iij-hinLT Mat(h ever held in L mea-t' The advantages arising from subsoiling have been V. clearly proven, that the attention of farmors is be- ia^ drawn to it now in a greater than at any hnauer l-riod. We occasionally, it is true, hear a dissenting V lice, but this appears to be the result not of any want of faith in the use of the subsoil ])low, but of a ■I '>ire to draw out writers upon the subject. Not" wiilistanding all that has been said in regard to sub '^"iling, there are still niaTiy farmers \\]\'> <1" ti t ;in- i'Tstand its aflvantair'"'s. !■ i ■ a \\ '11 known i"a •: th;it v-'here land ha- hi'-n pl.e.\cd lu a ei rtain d.-p^ii i^^ r I'l'.iiiy years, the bottom or pan bia^une^ >o hard a.nd ^' lid as to prevent the water from ].' le-ira' in-- t. a i^o'ater depth than the pulverized soil, say live or six iiU'hes. la pc^nc soils the water may sink to a great- !• depth, l»vit it re([uires a h>nger time tfian itshould. | County, came off* on Monday S( ptember L*9th, en th" A- a C(msequence of this hard pan, tlie nx^ts ami ' lires of gn)wlng plants arc also checked m their ^arch for food. Instead of penetrating to their pro- l"'r depth, it will be found upon examinati(m that di-'ir n)ots curl round, just as though a stone Avail '-^1 been encountered by them. This, of course, for them to do themselves justice ; but with the aid '"aves them in an unhealthv, because an unnatural ''idition, and the farmer is often led to wonder what :"> be the cause of the sickly appearance (jf his crops. ^"W, where the subsoil plow is uslhI, this pan i.^ well 1 "'soued to a depth of from six to twelve inches. The •vatcr which hitherto hiw been confined to a depth of five or six inches, now penetrates twice that distance; t'le roots loUow, and the delighted farmer beholds a lino crop, where formerly, the yield had been next farm of Mathew Faulding, Esq.. ifi the S<»utii West- ern limits ol' l/ui'Ti-tfr eitv. Th^a-t wrrr nMe'iom- petitors, ever\ on^' .,1" wliian pi-ox. 1 hinedt a nia-t'T ploughman. Th*' \ • a-y Miit:i\ ■ laihh' i-'aidiLioii o.j th ■ irround. ]■ 1 us to believe ih i' j' wonhi be ini})t)ssihie diing to failure of their splendid teams, excellent plows and superior skill in their management, they succeeded most ad- mirably. The iurrow - \N -a-: plowed to i'm /i-pthof fn11 Sf'ven inches, and the ground, all tiling- ronsid- ercti, wall inilverized. We doubt whether better plowing could have been done under the circumstan- ces. The attendance of spectators was large, amongst whom were a great number of the best and most in- fluential farmers of Lancaster county, all of whom TIGHT BIN V '"l^^^ 24^ KJ)IT()RIAL. fNoVFMHFR EDITORIAL. •f expressed tlicmRclvoH lilghly pleased witii theconteHt. We reg. S. Ilerr, SlO.-^Ianies I{,,on, $:{().— Umben \V»M.ih;r, ^:!(l.-lsaac Lantz, $1().~ David (io(dia- iieur, .> ). It is but justice to all the plowmen to state, that the jud-rs had no little ditlicuhy in decidin-; upon their respective merits, an.I that their decision was made in strict accordance with the published regula- tions. We ark indebted to a frienl f.r the f,llowin- {spirited account of the supper of the A-rieultural S«i^ ciety at Tfarrisbur<;. We wore present durin- the early part of the evenin- but felt too much fatigu"d to rema'u during tlie whole time. Tlic llaM«iuet. Th" offir-rs (,f the Society ^ave a ehninnr banquot on Friday evening to Hon. Ainlrcw Stcvcnsu,,, the orator of th'^ day. an.l oth.'r .li^tin^^uishcd stran-ers nnd invited guests. The supp<-r was rurnishe,rbv ^Ir. Ib-n-in hl«^ UMial ;;o,,d taste. ( )win- to the hit ^ ness of thr li-Mir fixed for the occasion, in the (.vcnin- of the last day ef the exhibition, the eomjKiny was not as nunirrous a^ ,.,iul.i have been wished. Manv had left (br their JK.mes, anion- th in, we had to re- gr..t th. absence ,d' K. !>. IVentiee. Ks.,.. ..d th.' deputation tn>,M the New V.,rk State ALrrlculiural So- ciety. Notwithstandiu- a g.,ndly number sat down to tilble to discuss the p.n.vokiiii: subj.M-ts laid befuv them by th-ir proxid.-nt host, in the' shape of roast turkey, duck, partrid-candotle-r viands, with spark- ling champagne and other exhilirafin- wineg— to all of which, in order and detail, tie- .'onipauv addr-s.Jed themselves with a det.'rminatinn. that "pr-n.is.d ,., xealous and patriotic investigation, xxhirh thmu^rhnnt the whole sitting never seemed t<. abat.' or fla- until the wlnde bill of laiv had been gone through" The greatest order ami good fading prevailed, th,",::!, now and then there occurred some occasional cross firin- and the popping up of some cork lufbre it had leav'c to speak, which brought out other corks callin.r the delinquent to order, creating for a time a hubbub which could only be allayed by lettm- ihrm all y(,ur out, ad libitum, whatev.jr ihey halow that turns th^ furrow—the «.hip t!.:it plows the wave— the shut tie tliat threads the woof.'' *'The New York, Ohio and Marvland State a'^ri- cultural societi(\s, and other kiiidnvl associations throughout the bnited States— May the onh rivalry found among them })e. wliich can best j. remote the great cause of agriculture." "The Uoal and Inui fi.'l N of P(>nnsvl\ ania— May tlu-y soon be inad(; to yiehl a)-undant and riMimniT- ating harvests.'' To I;K CoXTINTKii IN NK.XT M-.MUEK. Amkric.w ('itij-rv. -It is truly gratifying to ob- s(>rve the progress, wt^ as a people, are inakint: in the various departments of arts and science. T!r recent trium]dis achieved by our countrymen at [L World's Fair, will dou])tl(-,s be fallowed l.y b -ii' fi/ial lesults, and will lead the v, ay to .still moro crcJituMc pnMluctions. Am-ai-st the jn.iny commendable spc^ eiuK'ns of skill and ing.'nuity which hixe recently billeii uiid-r .iiir nonce, w« know of none more d<'- serving .d' notice, (.r in which tlie abilities of Aiir ;v can workmen are morr sti-ikingly manif<"st. than .m the suj.erior .'uthM-y rn,in the oiabll.shir.eiit of (':■• Wat.Tvilh> Manufarturliig (^,I^pany. Fnlil wi;!.,:: a f 'w years, the' idea of competing with the Engli^l' '•ii!ler< was n -t to be thought of. Thdr superiority I wa«^ nniv.M-sally acknowledged, and foil aiil it is but ' .i'l^tice t.. th.Mu to say tliat the cutlorv of Fnghuul well deser\ed tie- prai>.- ir roeei\ed. Now, however. Yankee ingenuity arrays itself in oj^position t<> Khl' li-h skill and a most formidable rival it is. Wc saw a few days since a case of cutlery— fine knives prin- cipally, designed for exhibition at our State Fair, which for beauty of finish, elegance of design, and ^-lJ____ peodncss of (iuallly, e.pial>, we think, any Fnglish cutlervwe have ever seen. For several vears ]tast wc have used the pocket knivc? math' by this ent(»r- iirising company, and (dieerfully testify to their fine iiualitv. ^^ •' want no better for any purjtose. Their 1 ' » iiruning knives are sup'-rior. aid farne-rs w ill do well t(i examine them when about making a purchase. To C\»iitrl!)utorH. esent nnmber (d' our Journal has been J7 his customers \\iih an arti(de (d" sU'ii •pialitv. wc im- agine there are few complaints. StoU's Mills were j)ut in operation la^t spring, and now siipply an ex- celh'iit artich- of Farina, as well as all thf prrvations of (mr practi- ' in the extract. 'Jdie sentence from wlTudi the extract . i . . cal faninTs. Ih) not let the fact that you are not in ' is made, is a< follows: "Tell our Penii'-^ylvania farm- thc habit of writing for publication deter you from ers that one Pooster and two lens of tic ShangluC attoni] ting it. Give us the outlines and w c will put breetl, m ill gi\ e them more i",:.;:.'^ in tlir» c months tirnc, them in shape. If men (tf ol'^i'rvation and experi- ! id' a iji-xifcr .v/c*' and /-fc/^^ /w^//^f///;/, than ii\etim"H (■nee hut knew how much tliev couiu am us in our , tiiat numtter ot onlmarv fi< ns will do m one vcar iT^rt.s to sjtread broadcast throughout our State \al- and will hat(di out a liner brooil, with lex-; trouble lahle a^rricultural information, they would certaiiilv and more certaintv, than any fowls tbev ba\eberet*i- l*:'nd a h''lping hand. A fact worth five dollars to one firmer, is eciuallv vabnible to another, and iiiav bi'to tore iiiissessed. The neaning (»f the paragrayli i-, that two ^^ bite t-n thousand. We tbendbre rop.at it, send nlong s},.^i,^,|,.,. }„.,,^ ^^^^i. ^j,,, attendance uf a good cock the documents and we will cinailati" them. of the r stu and rirhrr ip/tilifi/, than {i\e tinn-s the number of or- dinary bens will do in one year; or. that f a ilifT'rent con- struction and such as might mislfad thost- unacijuain- ted with the habits of i'owK. tln^ writer w lUingly c()n- Tili.ixchast's pRKMii m ('in rn. — One (d lh(\s»> ex- rollont churns has })0on left at mir office Ity the pa- tentee, huring the State Fair we had an opportunity of witnessing its operations. Kxcellent biitt'T was cliurred with it in seven and a half ininnt<'S, in the presence of th« Committee on A;:ricultural Ininle- . . ted with the halots ol towK. tln^ writer w illmgl v <'<)n- inents, and we are assured )»v the »>r(»prietor, that this , i-. i • • , , i i' ' , . . cedes, ror this inadvertence Ik- has no apology t<» can h" (i( III' M f '1T1V fimo 'rii<> liodv (if tr»f» ehiirii is . . . * . (an h (}i ne at anv time. The bodv of the (diurn is t the ()i,io Iron Stone ware, mo!»t beautifully finish- • 1. an 1 ailmirably adapted to that great (>ssential in 1 'itt.'r making — (deanliness. ^S'e shall 1m» glad to )oW th' churn to thoso who desire it, leaving them i I" t<-t iiii.re fully it.s m«>rits \V«»rtli\ (d" Imitation. ^^ e are pleas( d to learn tliat the Bucks county Ag- ^-- -- • — ..... -- -- J ,_,^ !>ffer. If, unf irtunately, it has fallen into suidi hamb , he has only to practise th(> duty he has taught U) others, to confess their faults and iiiakt' such expla- nation as the facts re(piire. He thinks, however, that ther.' i^-- some palliation for the supposeil error, arising from the fact, that the lett'T wa-i not ih'-igned for pulplication entir'' ; but ,s furni^lit'd a"> a rcier-'iice for the author of tlie ome ficts from, in rilation to the He fe»'|s indebted to the kindness in in-^<'rting his letter entir<', wliieh was not expected, tir he sliouM have writt* n the whole with a nmrcM^areful construc- ^^ e are pleas(d to learn tliat the Bucks cunty Ag- was furni-le'd a-> a rcter-'i rloultural Society, at their last exhibition, sul stituted ^►-"'1^ h) glean somefict« tlic Farm Journal on their li>t, fir the dollar usually '"^Jiivnghu' breed of f>wls. K'ivenasa premiuni f.r certain arth les. If the same '''^'f'"" "f that work, f.r his I'lan were pursu.'d by e\ery other Agricultural society , 1*^ m Fcnnsybania, our li^t wonId bo lar-;olv iinTra-»'d. I ^ **iir IJucks eountv fViends have our warmest tliank> i ^*^'"' J^T their kindnes;. We will endeavor to deserve it. ^*' ^'^^^ =^^ '^ ''^^''''^^ ^^^^ V^'^'^^^'^ rx^vArt the writer embraces the ouly and tin- earliest opportunity wdiich Sri'ERioit Fi oru.--We are ind-ht.'d to Mr. B^tij. h" has bad. or could lia\i'. to correct the supposed ' navely (d' baneavtcr c( iinty, for a barr.l of ^u[.erb error. Tru-ting that it may be received a- a sati.-" factory explanation, by you and the readers of your J ' 4 - - A hite Wheat Fumdv 1 lour, manufactured at StolFs Steam >Fills, Lancaster City. We have tried it in various ways, and think it superior to any flour we have ever used in our family. If Mr. S. supplies all Journal, I am with due respect, Your8, &c., Saml. a. Blmstead. u^^ ;...' 238 STATE FAii; [NOVEMIJER, IJst of Articles Exhibited af the Slate Ayriniltural Fair at ITarris- Ininj, together icllh tJic flames of exhibitors and place vf residence. Wo liavc Ix'on at consI(l(Ta1)lo pains and expense to procure a full and complc^te list of all the articles ('xlii}>ited at the State Fair, ^vitli tb'' nnmos of the contrihutors. It Avill ])0 more int'-restiniz;, yonr- li» ncr, ilian at tlie present time, as it \Nil! >fi\r t'l >\\n\\ the ;i«l\ain-e Pennsylvania in;ik"s ill licr ALTiruhui'ul rxhihitii.ns. Our limits fn- tlir ju-osmt iiionili ai'f tun ii-in'ow to ^ive the li&t coiiijTt<'; ul* sluill (•«)iicliifl(' it in our next. A(;i:in i/n i:al imi'LKMi:\ts. No.l. Two-horse I'M w.'i-. I'.iiini-v A <'<)., AlliaiivAA'. 2. 'J'hreshiiitr nuKhioc, do. do. (](». o. Circular iur uood, -!!ii!"g. (). No. 5, do. do. do. do. do. 7. No. 7, do. do. do. do. d(i. S. No. 10, do. do. do. do. do. \K l>rill a!id broadcaster, grain and grass seed, Lt^wis Moore, Lancaster co. 10. Cultivator teeth, 1> IV Ivodgers & Co., A. Speer, I'ittsburg, Pa. 11. Separator and horse power, deffrey Smedley, Ctdumhia, V^. 12. drain tan. -I, .MtHiti^onuM'v I'V liro.; d. .Miniivro- mery, i/.uK'astor, l*a. li>. (irain Ian, Lanpliier ttdcnVies, Lancaster. 14. Clover huUer and cleaner, Jonathan Hil»l)S, Urijftol, Bucks co. 15. Agricultural im})lcments, Prouiy vV T) irr. \\ ater A\ Iici'l. do. do. 1'.'. l-'annimi; mill, •) . l)ani1»oron'j:li. I.anca^tcr. ?M ho.' do. ,i.>. do. 2\ . Model i'anniu''- mill, Mo. do. -2. Panningmills, do. do. 23. do. do. do. do. 24. do. do. do. do. 25. Ciow's fanning mill, Lorenzo Teed, maker; J. N. Lacv, exhihitor. AVyomins co. 2(). Carriage for pl(jw, K. P. Cavort, Pliila 1> Ipliia. 27. Corn planters, do. do. 2<"^. Seed sower, do. do. 2*.). (Jrass cutter, do. do. ,*>0. Harvester, do. do. 'M. (Jrass cutter, do. do. t)2. Crain rake, Perry Reher, r»erks county. r>3.'' Threshing machine, M. 11. vSteever, llarrishurg. 34. (^orn shellor. 11 inna X' C,ir]>enter : do. do. 35. Corn sheller. Ilanna A < 'arj»eiiter. N. V., do. 35. Hay, straw and corn stalk cutter, Ueorge New- cunier, Carlisle, Pa. 37. Self- sharpening cultivator, do. do. 3S. Ap]»le-])aring machine, do. do. 3'.). Hay and straw cutter, John K. Landis, Lan- ca.sier county. 40. Willoughhy's seed planter, J. Fulwiler, Cum- berland county. 41. TTu/zy's mo-wing and reaping machine, Garret & Co., makers, Mverstown, Le))anon county. 42. Plows, n. \\'\\\. Pittsburg. 4o. Hay. "^traw and coin ,-ialk cutter, J. ildir, ex- hibited \,\ i^. (laik. Ilarri. bill;:. 1 I. Tlii-ee plows, .1. Ilauman, ( anuberland co. 45. (irain fan, Charh^s Slireiner, do. 4(). Corn and seeding plow, W. Morrison, Carlisle. 47. Smut mill, (t. do. djis. W . Faw kc 5:;. i>o. do. !•:. wicks, do. do. 5 1. Corn ]ilo',\. |). A\ (dr, L'dinnon com'.'v. 55. Com ;-'ul < 1 planter. D. .V 11. AVoJi'. ,1.,. 5("». ('onltei- jilow, S. Plank, rninbcilam! county. 57. < 'niter plow, do. do. d,,. 5(S. ( 'ep.tre dlMn;;lil plow, (\i). do. o'.l. ( irain (M'adle, do. d(». do. (>i>, i'rid'jc ^jirit!'/ e. Smit !i A ilow!!, (.'nm. berland co. til. ri(c\, 11, X S. M. S.'ilar, Praidilin county. <'»2. < lap ))lo\\ , do. (io. *:::. r M-.rr. ^ W Ifiv-. Uarrisburg, r.4. Double plow. d. p. Moore; II .""c J ilbort, do. ro\\n'>; do. do. C-ti. l^air Jiand pain i screws, do. do. Co. I lav and manure Ibrk.d. Schebel; J. Fisher, do. ()S. Plow, do. do. ()9. Threshing machine, AVheeler's patent, made and exhibit(!d by Joseph Font, Pvea»ling, I'a. 70. Saw sot and tiling machine, Charles Lalfcrty, Adam- CO. 71. Win 'I pk.\\. .1. i I. Cr('. Sloiier, . Ibiuphin CO. S7. Separator and ^traw c in-ior. A\'. Pierpont; A\ . 11. Can-. IMiiladelphia. 7S. hrili and broadcaster. ^\ . H. (';nT, I'liila. 7'.». ri,.\rr hull, r, W. ( ». lliid.ok; La\MviK'Ou Sheet/.. M>. < irain | lantrr, S. M. P."in-ck, ( 'lio-acr countv. Si. Smut niachiiM'. T.IJ.W il-. ai A Co. llarrishu'/L'. 82. Thrc.-liing machine, .S. \\, Haines, Lancaster. Hi). do. do. , do. 54. Shelf-shar]ienor Plow, do. . Dwens, Mifflin co. '.»1. Ck \o!- huller, d ilowr, Adams co. 1)5. (uTinan wagon, H. Lencker, Lancaster co. 9t). do. plow. do. do. '.'7. I . S. -lain ian. d. Ibd)erts, IMontgomery CO. 98. Corn ])lanter. Sammd ANdtherson, (Jettvsburg. 99. Clover huller, F. & A. S. (iilbert, Montgomery county. P^O. Feed cutter, do. do. iOl. Cultivator, J. Smedloy ; S. Pelton, Lancaster. 102. Thesher and shaker, do.; do. do. 103. Patent Indck j)r<>ss, do. do. 104. Fanning mill, Jacob Beliel, Juniata co. I 1 f \ i SI IMMJ:MI:::\T to the rExNAbVLVAALV KUiM JOURNAL. STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. IJsi Ol l'Hi:>lil31S(.K V\ i KD KKPORT OF THE CO.MMI d'TKH ON STAId.IONS &- BLOOD lloRSKS. The Comviittee on Stallions and Blood Jlorst s rtspert fu Ihf rrpo rt : That they have pprtbrmod the diitiu.M devolv- inir oil thern as tlio Coiniinttee on Stallions and Hlood llursea, .as fully and careiully as in their now. r. die iie iid>er-- ot 'he coiiniiini c. wuli the exct'iiMoa ol Mr. Siimuel \V liliani-, mI I'hil- •ulelphia. Iia\ :ii^ all lir(Mi jire-en!. ddie nuni- lnT 'i! horses entered t«»r exhi'ti! ion wa.-' e.aii- j)araMveiv so sniiil that \\ wasaniatnrol k;- gret to ihe eoiunntti e, iliar m a lui^imss nt ^() liHicli censeijuDtice !(» Mie nlttre^Isot a^rnad- t are, as ilie hreciiuii; and rearni<^ <»! >u!)erier horses lof drauuhi and r'lad purposes, t le re wa^ not a greater compel nam tur ilie Sim i« ly's pri'/es, aiii't!ii.f the owners ot SiallaMi^; and i^lood llor-es. \'(iMr eonnuiitee, hnw »■ vi r, eon- lidenllv iriK-^t that in nituro Anrieali lual Show.--, when the tiuldic atniitUMi shall iiave been tully awakened to tie inipei lania' ut lie sai'jfe', n^i really valuable Hlock iiursL; wiii be wiihheld troin exhibiiieri by its owner. From among the horses wnw . \liihited, the eunnuittee have ad- judged die l.»llouin^ as the best m tbeir respec- tive classes, :nid awarded preniiuiuii to their owners, accordingly: I. To Henry Sherborne, ot" May town, Lan- caster county, l*ennsylvania, lor his bay liorye • James K. Polk,' as the best 'stallion for heavy draught purposes,' is awarded the premi- um of $12,00 'James K . I'ol!;' is a tni< iookiriir horse, ot great si/.e and powar, \\iiii uiiconiniuidy good action for so large an animal. The horse ' I ir: King,' belonging to Mr. C. Patterson, of Ibniinigdon, Pa., is a very supe- rior stallion tor heavy draugiit, .uid is deemed si> meritorious by the t ninmittee, that they would award him a pii miiini a> a ' heavy draught stal- lion,' had they \\.v [ uwer to do so. They, therrtorr, recMnniiend luin to the ("oininitfe? dii Discretionary Pn nniun< tor iheir con.^'idi ratinn fttid ar;i,iM. .A prtanmni ot 6^ awarded hy the 1 '^i 'a'. !vt ( 'wnnnittee.] - In Sanuiel Huston, ol" t 'iinilx rland coun- ty, Tfi . tnr hi- hlark horsti 'Clitnai.' a-: the hest *sfalh(in lor .piiek drat't,' is avsarded ilie prennarn ot P2,^^{){) ' Cecelia' is a bay mare, thoioughhrtd, and ot hne size. Combining, as she does, in her pedi- gree, such admirable crosses as those of Sir Archy, Bedlbrd and Messenger, she well de- serves a premium. 5. To Henry Sidle, of Dillstown, York co., tor his Jack, ' Virginia Jack.' is awarded the premium ot y,(M.> This Jack is of good size, and his get give promise ot beine superior rniiles All of which is resnecttuUy submitted, W.M \\l[)l)\M,Chairvian Committee on l)lo<'ii Horses, &c. REPORT Of lili: CO.M.MIl rid: ON DRAUGHT HORSES & RoA I )S l KRS. Tilt Cominittte on Draught Horses and Jload- sttrs reKptctfulhj report: That they have examined carefully all the horses cntert'd and presented, agreeably to the rules, &LC. That the number ot draught horses was less than miizht be expected in a State pos- sessing so niany tine ones — alli.rding so many laeilities and nulma nnaits lor raising sloek ot the kind. A iniinher ol superior drnniiln hors» s ss( r» , ln.\^■t■ver, preM'tiied, Hm walla.-- roa{Uier>. The niari- .lahy, No. .">. pri >< nfed hy (.'. I*. S'eii'nit'tz, thev e(jnsnJ( red highl\' .^iipi rior t^ir .-.■'Idh' oriiaick drauid't — possessing; great pow- t )■ and anion, liiiii'led !o jaernnnM ot !?'- {lO The mare, No. !.• iire^e/ntil Sy A. Iletrn k. is a s!i[wrior In a\ \- (ifaa:dit .and hrood mare, aiiil i-. in tm ir MjMnion, entitled to iIil* prennum "! --00 l he 1m .-'. mah' nam, > (»ii.--i-'nig ul si.v snjieri- or mules, w as pr. sented by John Evans, of ^ ork , • niitledto, in our judi^ment , v- im The bt'bl pair ol mules, preaeiited by A. ". ble, of Carlisle, entitled, to n premium of S"- <'o Tlu'V also recornun ml tli e a .-p* nai prt nnum be a\vard( d tn .Mr. .Mnnitna, lur ; \v'o tnie mules, $4 0) [This premium nwanlcd.l Your committee examined a number of tine roadsters and superior colts, well worthy of at- tention. to \thich, perhaps, strictly, theynhave not power to award premiums, hut would re- spectfully suggest that premiums be awarded JSo. '.*, the best Cobhani ti!ly. tw.i vear.-^oKi, pire- sented by Jacob Rohrcr, oi Lancaster. This colt is realh a superior otn . [lossessin.'^ iireat [)ower, of tine size and action, and entitled t.) a preniiuni, lu their judgment, ot l.no No. — , Cohhatn stud colf. eiglm m nmnihs old, presented hy Peter I'l^ok, ot J''r,ankin) co., possesses sound pom'- u.irt'iv ni aiimaaiiMn l^r draft. Entitled to a premmtn 'it .{.do The yearlmi: l>rown Cobhnm liilv, owned hy Mr. Kn/,miller. ot Shippenshurg, they deemen- t It led !o .1 prt jniani ot 3,00 No. 10 Mr. Ibin-er'v two years old hav colt ^>! Cumherland' hrok( ii to harness, i.-- a su[)erior one, and ha.> evidences ut tme hlood. h^ntitled to a diiiloma, Mr. Iloiision. lit (.'nmncriand. presented ti hiack. tuo vears old and a sorrel, ot the same aiie. t'lilion stoek "i tme ■,;/( and a. fimi En- title'! to a tliploma. Ml llabhard Randall presentt'd the best road- ster, No. \^t a blood bay, called Shaddi^ k, six years old, well broken to saddle and harness. — I'mfitled to preniiiirn fd' 3.00 Ii. C. Smith, ol ( hniou county, pn sented a gray horse, (No. 20,) Hve years old. .\ sujienm r(»adsier. and woidiv n! .i pn miam <•[ 3,00 iThe above discretionary premiums were awarded by the Executive Committee. ] Mr. lb rryhill, ot Uarrisburg, exhibited a tine bay mare. Mr VV. Taylor, a tine bay marc, Jenny, evincing blood. .irnr,rt and good training Mr. Bnrker, ot I umherland, e.vliibited a hue brow n draught mare. Mr. C. Patterson, ot Huntingdon, exhibited a tine gray horse. \ roadster of superior ac- tion. Mr. Ege, of Carlisle, exhibited a tine blooded sorrel mare. A good traveler. Mr. Wiler exhibited a tirstrate gray draught horse. Mr. Shank, ot , exhibited a very supe rior two years old brown tilly. Large, of hne style and action, denoting blood. Mr. VV. Noble, of Carlisle, exhibited a well trained brown riding horse, of superior action AI=o. Forrel. Both bein.f^ horses ol the tlrst cIsks. .IJ w ■ w I li If II ii Mr \ T Jonrs, of llarrisbiirg, exhibited a first premium of 12 oo superior dappled ^ray. For the second best no competition. K J Ross Ksq., exhibited a fine brown To A. O. Ueistcr, Dauphin county, ior the horse * A roadster of the first class. best Devon cow, ' Cherry,' over 2 years old. a A number of other gentlemen exhibited fine lirst preminm of lo ou iiorsos evidencing that care as well as judgment To S. W. Sharpe, for the second best Devon • •' d in their selection and cow, ' Jenny,' a prennum of 7 00 ,^,,:,-,,^ ToW. R. Crifbth, Ilarrisburg, for the best had b(;en exercised The exhibi.ion of horses of all classes, your Alderney cuw, Victoria,' the first premium committee from personal obs(Tvation know, has «l v 10 Oo not been such as might iiave been, so lar as mimbers are concerned, but ihey are satislied ol the present exertion having the most salutary el - feet. State pride, as well as the laudable spirit of emulatiiMi, now excited on the score ol rais- ing and training stock, will, :it the iuturc exhibi- tions of our society, bring into < (.tii|)t" III I'l i.nsylvania. Mncli 111 i\ vet be done, niid the doin^ resul jKissed iin- iat this de- ii iiei!;lect\ 8 00 To Henry Ltnickner, of Lancaster <'oinity, for the only yoke ot cows oliered, they a\\arda second premium ol M 00 The committee would recommeii(i a conipli- nientary [)remnnn ot ??<•, to [\. V . Horn, ol lial- tiinore couniv, tor his tine vtd o.\en. ^\ pre- inium ot S() awarded by the K.veciitive Ctiiii- niittee.; And also, to John l-(dtternach , oi l/uicaster county, tor in> match l»rown o.\en. a cofnpiinirii tary preimnni of sf) (id. [A prernnnn ol *.) awarded by the Ivxecutive ( 'oinnuttee. 1 These several y«d.' sot oxen were well trained and lit -ii|)eri ^ . Many other fine animals were exnibited. but for the best Durham l>u 1, Rockland, over .1 ^ ^ ,. femtums were somewhat limited, years old, they award the hrst premmtn^^ ^^^ ,he rommittee could bestow none o„ then., al- ^ ri. T ! 1^ i \7 I . . i' ' thouffh some were hiijhlv deserving. M-'"''n'''r"'';,,iy vZ,';.^! ..'i, H ■''■■ Tlf, ,on,mi.tee request iha. a" diploma be oudbest Durham bull. Yoimg Ura.llord ^^^ _^ __^ |.-r,.,l,T,cU Keller, uf l.a.uuster coumy. '"to John Evans, of York eounty, for the*be s, '« '- '-«^ -' - u'^'V' r""','"?:;hb„rn C Durham hull, between 2 and 3 yeL old, a pre ,'^^;±y^-il r' '^.L ' ', j' R,e"ha^ "fomL second best, none offered. ^-'^^^ -^ -'"''"«'' g""'* annuals o, various To John Kvaus ol York county, for the best '"« ''• ( I.KMIA r, Cte.rmau. Durham cow, ■ sally, over thre,. vear- ■. , ^ ,.|„,__,,,^ chairman ot the they award the brst piemiun, ol, , , *luoti ^„,„„;'„„ ,, „ ,^ ^ ,„ o\,..r.,. .bat on all To Aaron Clement, ot Thiladelphia county, for the second tust, M'airv Maid." > vear.-. old, ' <><' To Aaron Clement, of Philadelphia eounty. for the best heifer, ' Woodbine,' between 2 and 3 years old, a first premium ot .^ Dt) To Aaron Clement, ot rhiladelphia county, for the second best, ' Lilly,' 5 00 For the Hereford no competition was oliered. For the best Ayrslure no compeliiioa was ot- lered. rfpopt OF For the best Holstein bull no competition was ^.^^. X,^!;, r^W offered. i^.ATlLLU.^ To Zenas Barnum, of Baltimore, tor his im ported cow, ' Dutchess,' (the best lioistem, over 3 years old.) a first premium of 10 00 To Renas Barnum, for the second best, 'Re- gin,* a premium of 7 on oci HsuMis wliere li- stock came in competition With that ot any oiIut, he witiulrew and left the choice and decision entirely to the rest uf the committee. S.TrRBFT r, AMOS W. HOl'SK. ROHFRT r>RYS<>N CALEB BRINTON. ( (tmmrttee. TJ!i; ( OMMITTKK ''-"^ t..^ATfLE UNDER l \S O YEARS oLD. The Committee amtointed by the Executive Com- miitee of the rennsylvania State Atfricultu- ral Society to e.rami7ie and Report upon Catth il D'h r two yearn old xoould rc:^ pi rt fully report ■ n, u premium ui / i"- Thai ihey have endeavored to discharge their To Wm. B. Henderson, Carlisle, for the be.-.t duiy, as well as they were able, under all the grade bull, ' Perry,' over ^ years old, a first pre- circumstances in which they were exhibited. mium of $10 00 Your committee on the determination at whicn To Jacob Grossman, forthe second best, 'John they have arrived, have taken into view age, Tom,' a premium of 7 00 symmetry, &:c., and indeed all the points wnicn To Gen. Harlan, for the best j^radt t.ull, characterize the diflerent breeds, and render ' Dost Mahommed,' between 2 and 3 years old, them desirable as milkers, as well as prontanie a first premium of 6 00 for the genera! learpose ot the agriculturist lo To Frederick Killes, of Lancaster county, for breeding. . , the second best, a premium of 4 00 The want of a correct catalogue ^vitn in To A. Clement, of Philadelphia county, for proper names and pedigree of the cattle exhiDii- the best grade cow, over 3 years old, a first pre- ed, rendered it difficult to present sucfi a repor mium of 10 00 as your committee could have wished. To A. Clement, forthe second best, ' Fanny Aaron Clement exhibited a roan bull of tne Oat,' a premium of 7 00 Durham stock, twenty months old, ot 8°°".^ , . To John Young, of Harrisburg, for the best for hia age, but having "o .competitor of tii grade heifer, 'Lady Jane,' between 2 and 3 same grade, the drst premium of f\^ ; „ years old, a first premium of 6 00 awarded him, for the best Durham bull Deiwecu Second best no competition. one and two years old. To Augustus Loomis, of Wayne county, for To Paschall Worth, $4 00, for the best v\xt the best Devon bull. ' Duk©,' over 3 yew old, a ham bull calf, (Mark Anthony) two inontns oia. This bull was thought to be very fine tor hii A^e • To Aaron Clement, $3 00, for the second best hull calf, same breed, six weeks old. To John Fvans. Fsq., $0, for the second best l>iirham heifer calf, five months old. There being no other animal of the same class as com- petitor. _ T,, H. W. .\rCalli9ter. S4 00 lor the best De- vonshire hull calf, SIX months and twenty-seven days old. ToA.O lb i-tet , >t. oo t,>r ihe he.'.! I'.Vuii- shire bull, Itetwern one uid two ve;ir-^. There heing no .dier I »evoii«-hire stuck ot ihc same age of these named tor e.xhihilKm. No crade ot Avr-^hire. llolsiem or Alderny cattle were liroui^hr iindurham, 'hi'* tiiontlisold. This calt wjm \te\v.(l as po-;,, ss- 1112 some excellent pomi.-. To John Fvans, Ksq., $4 <>0. for the best grade hoifer. fifteen-sixteenths Durham, fifteen months old. Your committee cannot refrain from noticing two red and white twin heifers, of the native stock, as claiming attention, (the property of Henry D. Zook ) and w(uild recommend that a f)reniium of $5 00 be awarded him f)r the best twin heifers on the ground. [A premium of $5 awarded by the Fxecutive Commi'tce.l There were also exhibited, by Wm. Hendcr- .son, two pair of twin heifers, (native stock) which were deemed excellent for the age and keeping; but not coming within tlie range of a premium, your committee would, however, reconiinend 'hem as worthy of a diploma. In (;r.(>R(ii:. i uiuindli t . ivFP(»rri <>i' coM.Mi I'TKi; <'N siii:i:i'. //jc JudiSt.^- (ippoxtited to an (in/ prtmn/ms for Sheep, report : 1 hat they have awarded the premiums an- "iiorized by the Executive Committee as follows to wit : FINE WOOL. For the best buck to A. L. Bingham, of West Cornwall, Vermont, for his seven months old Irench Merino, the first premium, $8 00 ^OT the second best, to the same, for hisyear- liuff French Merino, 5 (K) For the best imported buck to A. L. Bingham, for his two years old French Merino, 10 00 In addition to the above, Mr. Bingham exhibit- ed eighty other French Merino bucks raised by him. These were all splendid animals. For "0 For the best pen of Fwes, Cottswold and Lei- cester, to the same, S'^ <^ For the second best. South-downs and Leices- ter, to R. H. Powell. $4 00 For the best pen of live lambs, Cottswold and liCicester, to Benj. Hood, 8^> 0(> There were exhibited manv other very fine < >xfordshires and South-downs, by the same gentlemen, to whom the premiums were award- ed, which do great credit to their skill and taste as scientific and practical affriiiilturists. .Ml which !!-• re».;p»^cTtully submitted. WM. j!;s.-rp. 11 W S\ \ Di.!; W W ll.XLL, I < ! } 1 .\ .!( • 1 1 X S O \ Ju.-i;i'i{ K<'M'-..MA(.llf,R. Committee. !;|.:P(>R'r ( .1^ r(.>rMrr'ri:F: onswixk ^ 1 iie committee on swine, m making their re- port, while they highly commend both the breed and the specimens exhih.ted, have never- theless to regret the absence of competition of a number of valuable breeds known to the dif- ferent members of the coniiniltec, and also known to be reared in different sections of the State. They have turtlier to express their regret that so small a number should have been exhibited, not enabling the c months 2 weeks, best, (Ches- ter\ $«i <^> J. J, ilickman, second best, 4 00 riGS. 8 pigs. Williim Ashbridije. best. $h 00 .5 •• L P. lloo!>e, \ Committee. kLr(»RToF CnMMl I niKoNPOl'Ll i:v. "^ To the Frenident of the State Aaricultural Soci fti/ of Penn^^ylvania : 'I'he undersigned committee appointed by vour society, as viewing judges on poultry for premiums offered by the society, respectfully report that they adjudge for The best pair turkies, to David ALimma $2 Oo The best pair of geese, to Martin Newcom- er, -3 00 The best Muscovy ducks, to Brua Camer- on. 2 00 The best common ducks, to John C. Heis- ter. ^ <^' Best pairof Jersey blues, to Joseph Cope, "J 00 Best pair of Dorking fowls, to Cyrus, 8. Hal- deman, '^ ^^ Bucks county fowls, none exhibited. Best pair of other breeds, to David Tag- gar t, -^ OO Best pair ot Capons, to A. T. Newbold, 200 Best Caponed turkey none exhibited. For the best large collection of poultry to Wm. Leonard, 8 00 In the above list of awards your cDmraiitee have confined ihemFelve.s to the printed list of premiums offered by the society, but from the creditable display of specimens, offered by av- riouH competitors not embraced m ilic j»ubli8licd pimi c«» , ot $!,(»(> \n prtinmin «»t $! awftrdrd list of premiums, your commiltnc would re- by the Kxciutive (Jcnumittco,l and one lorn spectfufly suggest ibat a prcmiimi be awarded bushel of fme turnipH to John lieel, oi l)au|)liin lor county, $1, a premium of $\ awarded by the The best pair of Sliaughai fowls, lo A.M. Executive [Committee. 1 There was no large Span^rjor. - <^<> display of vegetables exhibited by the grower, Second best pair of Shanghai lowls, to JkMij. sufbcient to merit either the first or seeond pre- Hood, 1 <^'> niiuni lor a general display. There were small One pair of Chittegong fowl?, l(j David Tag- eontributions of onions, egg plants, winter gart^ 2 00 squashes, cauliflowers, rnla baga, sugar beets, One pair of F?tissian dut ks to Martin New- piirpio broeoii, beans and peas. 'I'he unusual (•omer 2 00 drought of the season has no doubt interfered to One pair of Java ducks, to William JiCon- prevent this department of the exhibition from Ciiiiicr- tl (M) ! 0(1 I <•(!(' ri«k I IH) ( ord, Onr pair of geese, to Solomon Manly> (>ne pair of". Jersey Irluc fowls, to lloopes, Firu! pair ot wlntr imkies, t(» Dr. Orth, f^esi Oeole fowls, lo 15. (,'ameroi). One pail ol a^ed ('aixuis, to 15. on, Fine Oorking fowls, tu J«)sej)h ('o|m Fiiu' pair hall Shaii^iliai lowls, lo I Walts, Superior colkftioii is! laiicv [ugetju.s, to I!. Cameron. ^ •'<' Another Coilcciio!! ot tamv pi^<'oi!S, to A , .1 . .lones, I <"' All the above preminms :.wnrflrd bv thf \'.m tnlive CoiniiiitK'i'. All of whieh is sul)miit«(l l»v ' iv Iv B()III)IN()T, GLU, Si'ANuLER, P. R. FflP":AS, IMMAM KL Ai. KilLKKR. ANTHONY T. Ni:\V15(>LI). Coiiniiittc*'. REPORT (>F 'I'lIF CO.MMl iri:EUi\ A<;- RlCi'LTl KAL I'RODI C'llONS. The Cummittec on Agricultural Productions re 1)0 it : That ibey have examined earefuilv the vari oupariul's cotnint: within tlu'ir province, aiu 2 00 being more full and complete. 2 00 The eomrnittce were also mstructed to exam- .1 . P. ine, as coming wilhm ilie list of agricultural I (M) prcubictions, several specimens of toltaeco e.x- !!. I,. Iiibited l-v iIh' ::r<.\\ rr.,, and liny awiixl thehrst 2(H) preniiiini lo .b^hn 1 1 . Sniiili. ol liaiica.sicr eo. '.' (lo Sccoiiii [ociiiiiiiii lo Cyriis S. l.'aldt tiiaii, of ( 'oiioy, ]/iiicasi/i/ne7its bcfr Jeair produce, tor winch prennnnis Wire olb n d, there tartjiort: was lui! one ( oinnbuior who eanie up :o 'h. i- That iliey have devoted \\\r whole iinioallow. (juirenicnts ot thcsonety. m tumishin;^ a state- . .lames A AF- was far loo irrcat to allow of ilie deli! c>ratc con ('rea.ol .Moiii;_'omery county. Tiie \ a.rieiy \^ as the McditcrraiiORn, and the whole jiroibn' ol i; acres and T, perches was ():U bushels. Several handsome specimens ot other varictus ol wheal w(^re exhibited, ;is well as , each to be six-ciallv (diarL^ed w e ii ihe cx- "^riiis (Icficiency ihcv hope will \>v remedied an- imination ,,( nnpleinent ot a ceri i;ii ^ la.-^.-. Ami other season. i" Mt'W ot' the cmharra-snn n' ari-mir Ironi the In respect to vegetables they avs ard ihe fol- \\ ant of some sut h arram^Mineni . your commit- lowing premiums : tee would respectfully recommend the subject to i'or 'he best one dozen turnip rooted beets, to the consideration of the ofVicers of the society. A (1. llii ster. best one dozen carrots to Benjamin omi>simis. as the result oi the circumstances Hood, (U ("hrster county, of the long orange above named, and not ot .any disposition to variety. 1 00 overlook or undervalue implements ol real For the best one dozen bunches, of celery, merit. George Olwinc Dauphin county, 1 oO In class No. 1, embracing ploughs, cultivators. For the b( St pe( k ^we. l potatoes, to Henry »S:.c., the number e.t specimens is considerably W. Hofrman ot llarrislmrL^ 1 00 over one hundred; ol which a large proportion There was a h:dl buslnl ot seeding potatoes possess an undoubted excellence, and several exhibited bv H. lehes, marked Peach Blossom, are so nearly equal m this respect, as to maKC but as the committee had no opportunity of test- it difhcult to decide which bears the palm, vv ing their quality, after a t^ood boiling, they do would, therefore, rec< • of awarding a premium for a basket of fine 57. t ar f *ha Mercer potaiocs exhibited.by W. John, of Dau- They also award the premium of «^, lor uiw r I sinnh' horse plough, lo Hall and Specr, ol threshing machiiio. to No. ♦>•>, Wheeler's p«- Mtflburi: for their small iron centre draught tent machine, made by J . Jos. Font, of Read- '''ihplomas of merit for ploughs highly approv c(i. are awarded to the following : Robert Hall, of Pitt.sburg. For the best hay, straw and corn stalk cutter, a premium of $1, to No. 4:t, patented by W. I^ewis, South Carolina, made by J. Roller, ex- Jacob fiowman, of Cumberland county, Pa. hibited by I>ewis iSi, Clark, of Harnsburoj. E Whitmiii. .Ir, & Co., Baltimore. I^^r a corn stalk cutter and grinder, the prc- ^l' )j lla II . I, measter county. mnim of $.'), to No. 121, exhibited by I'.. Potts, •MonigiMiiery eounty. Diplomas are awarded for straw cutters of F B. (•arpenici, (4 Lancaster city Pawling ^^r Co., of Montcjomery county Corn pFough, bv Divid \V olt. 1 .^ ! huti P.arrett. (ieo. Newcomer, Carlise. .1 . l\ liandis, Lancaster county. F. \. A. S. Gilbert, .Montgomery county. A . Thomp-oM Ira Siiuth, ( 'hain''ei -'.Hirj;. Di|domas are also awarded lo — l^miiyA' <"o., Aliianv, N. \ . k-r Iimi ,e p;j To letlrv Smcdly, Ci harrow, to Pioniy exhibitors highly .animated. vS. Rarret, tor th< ;r c.\pa:;d.ing li.-irrows a.nd cul- No. *»7, 'he f^iited .-^taie-i j-ram I oi mide ,and iivators. exhibited bv Je--e Koberts, Morristowii, aimuf - Diplomas for i;o, id eiiltivai(M> to -- \hibited \>v .lolm Mamboi,. uh. (H Cultivator, Lcvvus Lam - ajru, Ivennet scjuare Laiicasier, and PrtMiiy vV ikarrett,.^! I'h.ladel- Chesfer eounty Hovey's cultivator, S. Pelton, Lancaster. Seven furrow plough. Wm. Sierett, Juniata county. Cultivator, "e.-hot -prinu steel, bidieved to be an excelletii article, made by D. I'.. Rogers »Sc- Co., riMslMir,' . In class No ..', the drillini: machines and broadcasting pioie.'ii- are ver\' nuiin r"M-. .and so nearly balajicrd m their repii \V. Fawk, LancasKT county. f'.dward Ilu ks, Lane isler county. Jenkins \ Laml), Dauphin county, Pa. ^^. .M. Peimoek, Chester t'ouniy. Pa, II. W , S/niih. LancastJ'r coiiniv. Pa. A. 'i'lioinpson, Reedsville, Milllm county, i'a. Like iNsards are i.'iven to — Drill and hroadeaMi .-ow cr an.iehed to a plougli, by \V . Hart Carr. Cum and seeding plough, by Wm. Morrison, Carlisle. Corn planter. Kol.er' .1. Colvin, Lancaster. phia, are of almost equal excellence, and diplo- mas are accordingly awarded. The judges also notice as worthy of praise the fan- exhibited by Whitman ct Co. .1. .Montii'unery t^^' Broth«T, Lancaster, I'a. Lani'iiier vV .k lints, Lam.a-er. Pa .1 . N . Lar\ W voin im: 'o-nr. \' , Pa. , a Ian made !iv Lor- n/.o i eed. CharlcH .^(direiin r, ( 'um'.K'riand coutiiy Pa. Jacob Behf !, Jnniata county, Pa. Ed\v lid W'.ilkm-^, \\'a-!iiii:,'loii 1 .iiiii;y . Pa. A itremmm '»t "?-'•'. t^r ;i portable hay press, is awarib'd lo .Mr. Whitman, of Ld! 'more, lor the onlv pre>js exhibiti d vshitii iippears lo b<. conve- nient ami ctln icnt. The premium ol S^C, tor t hi> best and most nuni'^rous display ot imph inents, is awarih d to .Mr. Wliitman, b>r his lar-o' and well .arraiiL'cd collections. Messrs. Front y vN. Parreti likewise make a very tin<' display ot afielos. lor whndi a (iip!(»- ma !- awarded. .A similar tivvard i< inadi to D. Landreth, ot Philadt Iphia, R. P>ui,-t,..l Pliilaihdphia. tor their St VI lal collections of gardening tools of excellent qualities. To the other articles in this class, for which money premiums are offered, no such awards are made, the equal excellence of those shown Corn [ilam. r, Si mm I Wniierow, Gettysburg, by tie e.xhibitors, to whom diplomas art aha adv T!i'' ptf miiim ol *Tln, !t,r the best reaping lmvi ii, makinjx ^i" h ihst int'tion unn«Ma--':ary . luaclimt', i- awanled to .M'Cormick's maclmie. Tlir .lud^jes also nolice, as worthy ot r(>jn- 'xhi'.;;ed l.v i:. Whi'man, Jr.. believed to be m awarded to Wjo Jtdin- O) county. To J. A. Steinmetz, Union county, lor second (irain cradle, Samin I Plank, Cumberland best carpet, \ m) county. To Miss .1. liiilc OiiipliMi county, tor heartli Sprmo: saddle tree, Smith 6c Hood, Ciunb< 1 m;.'. 200 land county. Ti' Mrs. S. Kvy, Dauphin county, lor fiiifai Collar machine, S. W, Hay?, II urisburg. shirt, ] 00 Hand and panel sawH, II. (iilberi, llarrisburg. To Mrs. S. A, Allm, Dauphin roinity, for Hay and manure forks, .laco!> I'isher, Harris- shirt, 1 00 burg. T(» Mrs. S. I',. Wallace, l>auplim euiuiiy, for Saw set and shai|uii., Harri.^- To Miss Stephens, Berks eouritv. f'nr ctu- hurt,'. liroidered piano and table CDver. ■ oo ("liikib' gram separator, (.'ha.^. Ivnbei;-, Ru- To Miss K. A. Sluxjp, Cumtjerland cuuuiy, eh«>ster, N. Y. I or enibrouiered table rover, 1 (X) ("lioppin;^' mill Im- ^M-aiii, .1. D t)\\riis, Mil"- To Miss Sarali A. /eigler. Simbury, North- lliii <'oiiii' \ . iitiiberlaiid eouiitv, lor .^peciriirn nt worsted Clover liuliii, .A.. I. Howell, . I miiaia eoiinty, work, S lUX) Churn, T. l>. Tilin^dia-i. <>liio. To Miss \] A iJi-iiop. hauidiiii county, for Clover ma(dime, G. (;.ird;ier\ Son, .\da!ii^ '-pecmien (d dx mile W(Mk. 101 county. 'I'o Mrs. .lames Lowe, l-'raiiklin county, lor Wagon (German) and old Piuw, ii. i.,uiicker. pair fine iiucn biieeis, 1 (X) Clover huller, F. «te A. S. Gilbert, Montgorn- To Mrs. VVitherow. Ad.uns county, lor jnecc cry county. ..t d..niestic lin«Mi, 100 Patent brick press, .1. Snn dh y, S. Felton, To .Mi>s Harriet Merediib, Dauphin county. Lancaster. lor net u widow curiain, 100 Clover lirirve.sfer. Mahloii t Inrretson, Adams ToMrs. M. Hellrr. Dnupbin county, for bask- county. et work, 1 00 Screen for grain and seeds, Oliver Etmire. 'J'o Mrs. James Buchman, Bucks county, for Huntingdon county. specimen of straw bonnets. 1 00 Clover hulling machine, ^^^ Brackbill, Juni- To Mrs. Jane Meredith, Dauphin county, for ata county. ILusiin^ machine,'!'. 11. Wilson v-S.:. Co., liar risburg. Cut stave ban(l. .\ . K. llursh, Cumberlan i. Diploma Sweets' pa!) Ill excavator, 1! (Jilberi, llarris- bonie-niatle l)read, I 00 To Mrs. Sarali Wyeili, <.! I larnsbiiri;, lur Ot- toman f iWo Mrs. l'>ve Cassel, til nil Sitcutij : (d Dauphin counfv. The Committee on Household J/anulacturt s, Tiie second. (;^, to ('. P. S'rinmcts. report :— That they have examined the articles The third, ($2) to Mr^. Martha S. Lspy, of named and described in the list submitted to Dauiihin county. them, over one hundred iu number. 'Phey are 'I'liey also beg leave to speak in terms of high gratified in being aide to say that tlu^y were comniendation of samples exhibited l«v Airs. A. highly creditable to the exhibitor.-. Many <>l < '. l!i(>st(-r and Mrs. Winebrenner, 01 Dauphin them, in our opinion d(\serviii«,; j)remiums which <()iiittv. undei till anihoriiy i:i\en lo us, we could no; 'M fioney Imt few lots were otlered, only two award. W'c will, hereafter, submit a rejiori of wliich contained ihe rcfjuisite »iuantity, HO more at length, noticing .some of the articles lbs.) all vcrv exci lleni. 'Phev award examined, and at present merely giving a list of The premium of S/), to Joh'n Young, of Har- the premiums awarded, viz : risburg. ^ To Mrs. iL A. Poreman, Lancaster county, C. \^ MMMMSOiV, for best quilt, .•?.''), 00 DA\' I D T At it ; \ RT. To Mrs. L. De Pui, Dauphin county, for the .h » 1 1 N MILM'.I.' second he, I quilt, 3 (X) 'Po Mrs. James Lowe, Franklin county for RFPORT OV llli; COMMPPTEH ON anks of Montg(»mery, a premium of ^ 1 00 For the third best [)loughinan ((; .lac;b Blake, of , a premium of '^ 00 For the next best plou^limaii to .loiiii II . C ros- ier. "! ( 'umSxrland, a premium (d ■]<'(> l"((r the next !»< >i plouirlinian to V. (i. Gre\. ui Daiipliin, a [ireinium of '- "" For the next best phuighniaii to John Jacobs. ot- •. a premium ot ■-' <"' 'I'o 11. iirv (>ili>ert, a complimentary premium ,,1 sill. !wr tin work done by his .NlndiiL^an plouLdi. Ttu' imiiiiIm r ol pioimh teams entered lor tie mail h \v a- t weiity-ono, ami iliere were a num- ber of others !ieside> those who were awarded preniiunis. \Oio were entithd to inmli credit tor the inaniit r in wiiu ii they jtertormed ihwir work. (iKO. W. SIIF.AFKR, VVM. U . BOB Fins, .' \ '.\ L^ M CLi ici^ MAR'PIN NFWroMFB, J. i'. PrTHFRf ORD, (\i/it)fnffpe. RHPf^BTol' (dMMITTFJ: ON fBl'II'S A.\D FIJ'W I;RS. To the I fo?i. Frederick liU 1 1. <, Tresideiit of t lie Pennsylva7iia State Atiricultitral Society : The committee on fruits and flowers beg leave respectfully to report: That owing to the lateness of the period ot" the exhibition and the unfavorable season, the I'oinribuiion'j m thi- ( partmeiil were not such a> ili* y toiild lia\ sired, and yet the di.-pla\ m maii\ res[ie(ts was exceedingly gratifying, and such as leads us to believe that under more favorable circumsfan- ces, the fruit and tiowi r d< j^artmem ot our State Fair, will compare favorably with those of our sister States, and docredii to our Conmion wealth. The eornniitfPr beg leave to make the follow- ing award- a.- authori/.ed by the schedule : To David Miller. 00 To Isaac B. Baxter, ot I'iiiladelphia, for the best and greatest number of choice varieties of Grapes. 500 To N. LonfTworth. buri:. I'T a basket ot the hirgest and most ma-niln < nt Pound pears ever seen by the committee, 2 00 To E. W. Carpenter, of Lancaster, for a dish ol Doyenne d'hiver pears, 1 00 To Isaac B. Baxter, ot Philadelphia, for four varieties of choice pears, 2 00 To Diniel D. Boas, of Harrisburg, for a bas- '^^j'of quinces of enormous size, 2 00 To C. S. Haldeman, of Lancaster county, for a basket ot quinces, 2 00 To N. Longworth, of Cincinnati, for a speci- men ol Sparkling Isabella grape wine, very nne, 3 qO To Mrs. Jameson, Miss Mitchell and Miss Ayres, of Lewistown, Pa., for a large vase ot ar- tificial flowers in great variety. '),00 T'o .Mrs. Agne« Sanders, ot IIarrisburL^ for a fine display, consisting of seventeen jars of pre- served fruits and jellies, 5,00 To Robert Buist, ot Philadelphia, for a large collection, embracing many varieties of the most valuable evergreens, .O.Ot) Phe committee take great pleasure in making honorable mention of C. P. Steinmetz, of Leb- anon county, for a vase of cut flowers, diploma. A Bombaugh. of Harrisburg, for a basket of fine (juinces. Diploma. -Vbraham Lightner, of Lancaster county, for a specini' u ot large peaches, preserved in alcho- ho! Dipioma. .\miF. .Aiid<'r.=5on, of Cumbeiland county, tor a \a-e ot artiti<'ial tlowers. Di[)l(una. Thomas Fiow<^rs. of Cumberland county, hjf :i \a-e ot eui tiouers. Di[)loma. II. Randall, ot Harrisburg. lor a s[)e,ii:ie!i ,,\ the ."^usouehanna ptatdi, original, d by Win. Gritbih, ot llarri.^burg, preserved in ahdndiol. — I )ipioma. Martin Crull, ti \ nrk eouniy, t ^r It inous of eniTiiiou- si/e, p!e-er\'(! in aictioiioi. Diploma. .Mr< .Mar'in ('iml. ol York i-o iniv. tor ;i spei imon (il lurrani wine. Difiltuna. Dr .1. C. V'erbeke, 01 llai risburg, lor a dish ot siewt d poiMid [)vjar8. Diploma. Louisa P. ^iuiiiii, of Adams county, for a jar of pickled cherries. Diploma. John Sheriek. ot Cumberland county, for a lot ol apjue trees, and Princes imperial gage. — Diploma. Same, for a jar of black Tartarian cherries preserved in brandy, l^iploma. •Miss Mary (iood. of Dauphin county, for a display of lemons. — Diploma. C. S. Haldeman, of Lancaster county, lor tine lioTiie-raised oranges. D. N ledhammer, ot Cumberland county, tor :'> 'u ^< ns of the cotton plant, tine ■Mr Kaw-or. ii I>auphin county, for a speci- men ot doni' slic wine. To Mm. M Sanders, for specimens of currant wine. WM. LLH.MAN, Chairman of Committee. VrxTI<'I.^ .•=; N')!' K.M .M:.i: \Tr l» Tit f/:i r rr ^ ti! ■ ut n/i'l O'^irtrn of tin !'< n n s i/l ra • Hiii •'^tdtr A i: rirui I u rul .Saritti^, iioii, iiitttm^ at II <},, imp '■•< ■! u;"ii ttum to th«' bf»ft ot' th''ir it ;' it i. -, r. a I -i lien II;; tin- >hi)i t tiuK" ii<'i'i'v,«;irily allot tid to ttum Tl.>- articles that cam*' unJi r thi-ir rHnc wi-rc so lii- \iT«ifi«'(i HUil various, and 8catt«'r»'(l ovor all parts of ihf fiflit ami Tory many ot thom not prnptrly »*nt«'red until within a It w hours of tho maki n^ of our tinal re- port, and many of th»'m very ditficult to find, that it can luirdly be presumed that they should do exact and perfect ju.stice to them all In very iiimy instances we could not find the exhibi- t.'f t" f-xplai 11 iiiiMv parts of workiuj; machinery, that l>t ing new. unkilit h,i ve esoapetl (airnntiie ("hemical weather guajje. \*. li Parson.-?, Bellefontt*. a neat and if correct, a useful article. ( ut nails, Coleman, Harlmau &; to . Pittsburg, an ex- cellent article.— Diploma Kartheuware parlor stove. Swope. Leitzenger & Co.. Lancaster county. I'ennpylvania. Harness and trunk. W H Duval. Wiiliamsport. IVnn- FVlvania The trunk is a very pretty article —Diploma " Ruling machine, W.(». Hickok. Harrisburg. a superi- or article both in usefulness and mechaninm. many parts entirely new. — Premium ib A steam boiler or cooking. <.eorge Newcomer, Car livl Bibles and Testament.^. G. Lloyd The Testaments a beautiful article. Cooking stove. .\bel Keeney. — Diploma. Stave jointer. Daniel Drawbach. — Diploma AVagon box. Jacob Fisher. The committee think it very excellent. — Diploma. Indian rubber good.i, E M. Penderaon, good quality and worthy of public attention. Planed boards. Brown, (hrist & (^0.. Portsmouth, the matching well done. — Diploma Window blinds and doors, Kendig. Hall & Du.^her a good article.— Diploma. ^ 8 Fall for raising hcayy weielits. J 1 1 Willson.-Diplo- Ord, Philadelphia, manufacturors, an improved article ma. - [Uploma. Corn and cob grinder, Tiii'uia.:5 ii. WiUson, a got)d One lot of blank books, and spt'cimens of fine W.k article. . binding, K. L. liutter & Co., HarriBbur^. Pa. We think Three ice cream freezers. II. iV Massttr.— rremium Up M.mk book.-* are excellent, and the binding very re- *3 luaik.ililc. Diploma. Butter and Water crackers. .1 i Hi' Imlen, a good i'aintin;,' an. I drawings. Mrs. Leconte —Diploma, article. -Diploma. <*ii' * ;> ' ' ' nii-cflJaMfouH bookH and fancy articleM Hub augf-r and box setter, 11. Sidle, a good article.— Oeoi.-' 1.. r-ui-r. ilarri>hurg, a line di.splay. — Diploma Diploma. A display of cooking stoven, parlor ntover and ruug.'s Shingb^ machine, ^^' W 1 The shingles made by Plnladelphia manufacture, and exhibited by M. A. it are good. Swiler. Harrisburg. — Diploma. Visiting cards and p« u drawing, (harles II. Fraily.— Model of bee hive. .James Robl. I.' ^ i ; wn.— Diplom.i Diploma I.iirht niiif r^i'l 'nni'^- Spratl. ucal article. I'atfiit. i.aiiiu'ry. I'alrifk < ulp 'iii'- model is very liru-k [n. -.. A K h .ilinc'-tock. HHrri>burg. An arti- neat, but tin- committee nw unable to judge of its de wrll a.laptcd to lli< piirpMSf. Premium f.3 pracitical op. -rations DaK'Hi rr.ut vpcs. M . ,\ IJm.t. .S'upcij.M- .•mj mo,;^ Otii' set Ircih (III yohi jil.'itf,'', ii'.ii.lainiii M. K..-t, Hope, i'liiladrlpiija. The com- Sniut Diacliiiif, Isaac Clu^rstoii TIk' committee re- mittiM- had no opportunity ot srcimr it in operation. ^'r» t tht-v halu' ( and a caster, good articde Centre draft i)lon^'l) elevis. ,) . H. Ston.r Modtd ijuilt frame. A. Kaufman. —Di|)'oma. .Marlile lamb. .John Smith, llarrisburir Diplnnia, l)aguerreol5])es, A. li. Tubbs - Diploma. Tarpenters hatchet and mill pi('ks. Win. Brady. Lan- Hydrauli(' ram, .\llen (iaiithrop. well made and a ca.ster county. Diploma, good article. Maps.by.J. H.( alton. Diploma. penmanship. .Mrs. I,. M Lawrence - Diploma. Ve,i.c«'t.'ilde <'att le powder, Breiiiii;^'. ]-"ran!iei 1 k Co — 'I'en pin alley. 'I'liouias K, f^huU. The model posses.ses The committe have no way of judj^nni^r ,,f \{< niirils. novelty and inV<'"itity. Force i)ump. S. I'. < ,ise. Diplonni. Board and plank, .MKinley. Bigler X Wilt. The Iron railing. <'. Kielfer. Laiu^aster. A neat article, thawing remarkahly wall done, Diploma. Sewing machine. J. I'. .Martin. A good machine. — Horse collar, (ieo. 11. Pennypacker. < Pester .-ounty . Diploma stulTed with hair and straw, thought to be ^^oo.f Patent harjies.s, NT Taylor. Diploma. (iuiin-y air tight cooking stove. Allen, Mart h ^V Co., < ollar machine. S W Hays, ilarrisburg. the.ster county. Smut m.odiine. .F . T. Wilson, (see other committee's One lot of woolen goods, John Clay, German town. — report '- ■ ■ Diploma, Model (.( lannm^' mill, .John Pamhorough. A beau- WuterviUe cuttlery. Waterville manufacturing coui- tltul arliide Diploma pauy . ( 'onneciicut . The di.sjilay is tine 'indtlo i^o. ,is One set teeth on '^'nl,! pl;tti.. Iauie> i'h miug. A good «'very way ei|iiai to the be.-t Knurlish good.s, -'i'li'.' eo-n article nut tee .award a premium of »f«."> 00 Saw setter and tiler." harle- P.ilferly. Petersburg. Harness. Lacy dt I'hilips. iiiiiadelplii.i. exhibited by Adam- county Diploma, t^amuel Hays, llarrisburg.- Diploma. He.id.-lone. Piiomas AlTred. Beautiful in design Spirometer, John Wilson.— Diploma. and finish.-Diploma. The base of this stone i.s a Five cases wtufTed birds, J. Thomaw. Lewistowti a fine sand stone from the y Hobl. .1 Heuiing for Samples portunily of testing it, but from tini-h ,a v> ly beautiful .article TJie pr^ portions fault- the appearance t hink it u'ood. le--. ;iti.l t In moii,,n vi ry ensv i'remium $!). Sausage stntfcr. W . >1 it ehell Lewi- ti w n ap|tni!tly S.ida tount.aiii e xlubited by \V K Meh.itTy. Diplo- \ cry usetul ma. One ea-e c,.ioj:;ne and Chine.-e bit ter.-, .John < > Doris. F.a^le butter machine, depo.sited bv loscph J. Lawn I'hiladtdphia -Diploma of Baltimore The conuuittce think this an exfcUeni. Disjtlay of (piguerreotypes. W.Parr. Ilarri-burg nnudiine. liut had no (Opportunity of seeing it tested. Diploma .Marble eagle, exhibited by Mr. .Johnson of Harris One set IxMtt trei'S and sample of lasts. .I,.J, B.iM, burg Committee award a diploma Harrisburg. -Premium >;') uO Allot which is respect fully submitted Four kinds of crackers, < . F, Muenth. Harrisburg — IMploma, Railroad cai' coupling. (;e(irge Winters. Portsmouth. 'Pile model rt'orks well, t)nt cannot tell bow it will work in practice Saus.age stutter, \ B Pouc. Lewi,-tovNn. I'.i. We tliink it ;i ^'ood article. Diploma. 4 4 sheet mg. Harnsliurg ( otlou company. The sam- ples exhibited are decidedly superior article}^. — Diplo- ma. I>ot of saddler\. S W Hays, il.irnsburg. P;i Lightning rod .and points,.! T < ireen, ( arlisle, ue.at Iv made HFNinM BIHKINBIVK. WM AVF.RS, LSAA<' I'KAHSON, W. O. HDKOK. Committ'''i'. REFOirr OF COMMll IFF ON IRON SAFK Slatel-jiir (Ground Oct, ."iO. ISol The undersigned appointed a cinmii fee for the pur- pose, by the officers of the State l<'air. were present this afternocm when Messrs ^".vans & Watson tested one ot' thei! -m.iU ,-i/.f,i S.ahimander Fire Proof Chest'', at which time they consumed t hree cords of wood on Knite .-harpner. .1 , C, Muldleton, I'hili b'lj.hia, a good it , commen.; .at 1 o<-bM-k.r \1 . aiol li.i vi n j; expos- article. .'d it to ;i wtiite lieat fortw.. hours, suflicieni to destroy Marlde lamb and dove lohii M I'.adden Diploma. t he cast iron teel Patent slate lined relrigcrator, Kvans A. W'atsuu, Phil- On opening tin- » la >t tlu' papers deposjiea ui our adelphia. presence were taken out. not only having beeu pre- Patent S.abim.ander i^:\U'. and patent comldnation serveiL but not having even the appear;ince of scorrb lock, Fvans \ Watson, i'biladelplua. - Premium of >.k upon them. Krets and b.uks for chairs, Jacob Stentz, D.tuphin The safe was exposed tti the disadv.antage of beini; <'iMitv cooled, by having a stream ol cold w. at .r played upon < tue Set si I VI' r uiouuted h.iiiie,-- e xhibiled by .V . Hum it. nieL Harrisbur^.C. la Diploma. ' JOSFPH i;! I'M li J'le.a.-ure carri.ai^e with Indiati ruliber spring-! ;intl se .f .A <> IILIS IK.H, h)cking brake. Lewis Lcnipton. Wimhe ter. Va . an i i- A I NKVVHOLD, genioufl contrivance. l(>ll\ U. COX, One lot of saws, Henry Gilbert, Harrisburg, Pa - ( HAliLFS F. HIESTFR, t>iploma. F. F BOL'DINOT. Six of Stewart's patent safety fluid lamps, Verger Sc Committee l^'A.] STATi: ]^\TR. 2.39 »J ui—» in itiHBmLJ _aj-~- - •■ .~t »«i«.».jiimFjM an II, ji -Kij .J. II 1 I ■■— ^—t— I ■» ■mi ID'). VU>w, K. W. Carpontor, Lancaster. !<)(>. lMt)\v, J. Pawling & Co., Munt;;()iiiory co. 107. dn. do. do. ]HS. Cl<)V(;r harvester, Malilon ("lariN^tson, Adams^co. 10'.). Screen I'ur *;raiu boedd, Oliver Ktmin', Ihin- U/)2di>n CO. ilH. (o-iiiii sfi'd'T, II. W. Smith, Laiu'astoiM'o. 111. ("lovcr hulliti;:: luid eleaDin;j[; iiiaehiiie. W. B. dills. )ii and Win. lirackhill, Jnniiita co. 11-. S(n'en furrow plow, AV. Stern^tt, Juniata co. ll."». Strtiw i-iitt(}r, A. Thompson. 1 1 1, drain dilll, do. 11'). Iloisiint; nnichlne, T U. A\ :i;- ii Si Co. ll('). diit sttivc htuTcl. -i. '<;-iani< 1 .WMnlheinuM-, Cumberland CO. l:'.*. lian-.'l of tlonr, Jno. I(. lleck, Ciim])orland co. .■')(). ( 'idrry, d(.H<. Oh'wini'. haiiphlnro. ;;l. Wheat, 2 varieties. l>r. d. A. McCrca, Mont-«f- nu»rv <•<>. .*)2. Tobacco, (ieo. S. Woll", i ork co. o.i. Cabbagf , Samu(d drove, i)aup!iin co. 04. Turnips, do. do. 05. (iround sc.'d corn, A. \oblc. ('arlisl.\ Ta. .')G. Flour of bluestem v. heat, il.a;.^cy *!c llenui^or, ( 'umbcrland *•<•. .'7. < ^i-;tn;^e Hour, do. do. I'lirlriii < ji!a-!i. '.'.I'iijaniin Kuhn.s, Delaware Jlur'^li. dtnnl)erlan tlint corn. -i. I!. Smith, r>urlino;tor., N.l. 1'-!!. Taylor's [Kitent hanies, Thompson &. Taylor, II. Lot (f vegetables, J n>. 1 1 au.<-c, Harrisburg. lialtimere. 4"). 1 bbl. Flour, extrti.dno. A. Aid, Cumberland co. \'2'2. V2:\. Do. Do. do. do. do. do. i'_M. Horse p.^wer corn stalk cutter and crusher, , n>burg. b>. 1 bbl Familv tlour, do. ih*. 47. d round corn, seed red cob, d no. A. lleib'V, llar- V.. potts. ('h<',«;ter county \'2'>. Mill ibr Lrrindiii;:: <<.rn, S. \\ . PowcTi. Carlisle. \2(\. drain drill, Llias Ltnidis, Mitllin eo. \'21 . Clover huller titid .separator, A. IJ. Crawfird, Wooster, Ohio. 12S. Clover seed cutter, made by Sevaycr; John \\ iiH'bnnncr, Ilarrb^burg. 12\). Hope pl,»w, d. D. Hope, Philadelj.liia. L")0. Horticultunil implements, K. rMi'.st, Philada. l-H. Hay ciHter, d. l>. liogers, do. Vlo. N'egetable cutter, do. do. NoTK — The implements e\hi!)ited by Prouty A; Barrett, Um- deljdiia eo. 4S. P>abu:g. oH. White silesian be:, do. (i«'. ol. Cauiitlower, do. do. i)'2. Barrel of tlour, Stolls Sieam Mills, A. M. St an- gler, Lancaster. o.'b '^ heads ui' cabbage, A. K. Fahnestock, HaiTiS- burg. ol. Sample of pied; ey(«. (Jen. flayer, Dai'.phln Co. ')."). Lot of carrots, Benj. H »od, dhe.. IT. S-.ii!]. I). 4. (^aim-es, 0. S. Haldcman. I.;ineaster, co., I'l. 7). Carrots, do. dn. d .. [^•. Turnip beets, do. do. .l... '. Sr. l>(aningo tobacco, ■*'^ <»r p) years o! I. -Licob 'iiuuly, Lnioii eo., I'a. ^'^. Sample r<'d beet, A. tL HIestcr, Dauphin co., Vii. 0. Tii.siarora ct)rn, do. do. d\). 1'^ Dncch Hat turnijs do. do. do. 11. Mercer potiitoes, do. do. «Io. 1-. One bu,shel Au.. ii do/,, bell pepp(^rs, do. do. l. Steinmetz, Annville, Lebanon co. I.. Sample becDs, do. do. do. 1^^- ^*<-^'V.s do. do. do. M' ?^^^^'''•' ^"^iunuel Shelly, Adams co. 20. T..bacco, do. do. Ll. ^ -How corn, do. do. 22. Cabbage, d,,. do. Ld. 2 r.ed beets, 0^ and 4; lbs. weight, AVm. Selieliv- hart, pro.lueer, Wm. Shellv, exhibitor, Adams, eo. L4. iobacco, deo. Cri.st, Middletown, Pa. '-0. Lot of vegetables, J. Hause, Dauphin co. Lo. Horseradish, Henry Cassel, Dauphin co. 7j7. I busliid aeclimateil ortygon corn. do. do. 7)^. 1 l;bl. Hour, (b'o. L. Iv.khart, Jv.mea^ter co. f)[). Tobacco, B. Hersle'v, Lancaster co. ()<<. B idish, d, d., Lebanon eo. C)\. Blue sti in reubl 'ended corn, Francis AVIlson, Lewlstown, liiion CO. ti}. Lot Ol' fruit *r' -. -T. C.iTiklir, ^ -rk co. »,.",. •: 1 I :, .1. Paim.r, M.^chanicsburg, <'uTi:ber- lai; 1 e'o. CATTLE 0V1;B TWO VFABS OLD. Xo. I. Duke Devon, A. Lo unis, (for sale,) Wayne CO.. Pa. 2. One irrade bull, B-mI Bnver, 2 vears old. A. d. Hiester, Susipiehanna, Pa. ;;. Cow it calf, cherrv, over 2 years. ^ <» Ilie.ster. Susijuehanna, Pa. 4. Durham bull. 4 years, entered by Bichard Par- ker, Cumberland eo.. Pa. o. dra ye'ars, dnjni Fox, li irri.d.urg. f). York l)reed, six vears old, dohn l-ichieruacht, Lancaster co., I'a. , 7. Buck Illinois, 4 years (dd, John Fishburn, Cum- berlanevons!iire, (mixed.) ?t years old, C. V. Stein- metz, Lebanon co.. Pa. 9. Duchess IIt)lstein, (pure,) Z-mius Barnum, Bal- timore. JO. Beginn-, Tfolstein, ^piire) do. do. 1 1. Jiady dane, mix'-l breed, 2 years and 2 months, J. Young, cxhibiLer, Harri.sljurg, P. 250 STATK FAIR. [N"ovE>nii:fij 1^ » i . fi Kwtmmjaa l-I llnirrKMLTrUAL S(K'1KTIKS. o- 2-,l 12. John 'l\irn, Devonshire, 5 joars, Jacol) (Iross- man, Lancaster eo., l*a. 13. Devonshire Ox, (i years old, Frederick Krller, Lancaster eo., l*a. 14. Devonshire hull, 2^ yrnrs old, do. do. 15. Durham heifer aud'eair 2 years nld, H. Cle- ment, i'hiladelphia. V). (Jreat Duriiain cow, 4 years, do. 17. Durhaui heifer and calf, i) years, do. 18. Duriiaui (tow, 5 years, do. 19. Durhaiu Iwifcr, 2 years old do. 20. Durham 'dw ;;nn, T) years old, entered hy L. I*. Home, Haltitnore, Md. 2(>. Kti^lish AVorkin;:; cow, n;::e o years, Henry ! (41, Iluntin^rdon co L.'nrk<'r, I'xhihitor. Laucaster eo.. Da. | 111. Leicester, IS mos 27. iUiHah* workiu'r e(»\v, ',] v<'ars old, do. do. 25. Victoria alderjiy, 0 years, Wm. U. (Jriflith, ]larrisl)urL!;. 29. I'<'i'!-y, sliort ItiriKMl durham, .". y(^ars, A\'m. M. Henderson, Carlisle. Da. 00. Jct;sc, d(ivon and durham, V years, entered Ly J, FiVans, York. 01. Cherry, durham. 5 years, do. do. ,'-52. K(.sa, durham, .'>.] years, do. do. ?)''\. Sally, durham, iJ years, do. do. 84. Bradford, dr., durham, .") years, do. do. 05. liradford, od, durham, 2 y., 4 m., do. do. 30. Silk stocking durham, 8 years do. do. 37. Du! hain, 5 years old. do. do. o8. Dui-hai!i. 1 \ears old, do. do. 2. In Kwes au«i 1 laiijh, 7 ino... A. I^. liiiii^h} Vermont, (for s;ile) I y^'urlin;^ iuiporttid. :\. 4 (\)tswold ])uck'lamhs, A. Clement, Dliilada. 4. .'i Cotswold ewes, do. do. T). Oxf »rdshire ratu, do. (lo. ^'- '^y'l^ wethers. South down, d. Cop.', V»'.( "iKjster. 7. .'> ewes, do. do. do. 5. 4 ewe lamhs, do. do. do. 9. 1 hack and pen of ewes, do. . 2 hucks, Cotswold and L(dcester, 14. 1 huck, Cotswold, 15. 3 ewes, ('otswold and Leicester, D», 3 ewes, Cotswold yearlin;j:;s, 17. lamhs, (\>tswold and Leic-ester, <1(^ mos. do. do. 22. Leicester crossed with South down, 3 vrs, (Ki. 23. Defiance, South down, 3 vrs. do. ''*' ' ■!■■■■ III,.. . III.. ■- ■■■IM.I ■^■^1^— — ■ tjorticuitural i3oiictic5. Procccdiii'^s of the I'cnnsylvaiiiu Horticultural So- ciety. The stated meeting of this Society was held in the Lecture Koom of the Mu-^cum huilding, on Tuesday evening, ()ctoh<'r 21, l>ol, i>r. W. D. liriin klc in the (diair. The displays of fruit and vegetahles w'.iH [ rich. Oi" ))lants there M'as one ci)ll(\-tion ("i' inter"^t- 39. 2 Devonshire, 7 years old, calf 4 weeks, entered ing grecn-lious(» sp(>cimen from Dvolw'rt iJuist's housrH by I'liilip Dougherty. Ilarrlshurg. ^ j — but tie- most admired ohjeet wa^ a cut of the \'a- 4U. J(!nny Devonshire'. 2 yi'ar<, ', ni'tntlis. S. W. foria />;//t heautihd Sharp, Cumherlandco.. Da. ^ I shown I'ef .re the Soeiny. A number of handsome 41. ^ Oke (tf oxen, D -no!!. \ years, James Cowcn. baskets of cut tlt.wers and very sup.M-ior cut ^ Phihuhdphia CO.. Da.^ ^ * Dahlias from Crrhanl Sehmit/. and Mrs. Sni 42. Ibickland. veai's. do. do. se.'.nilig ith. ami BotpH'ts were exhibited. ( M" bruits, ther.> W( re 43. Monte/aniia, (iurhani, 0 years, DascluLl Worth, (;raj»e<—verv large bun.h(\s of the whit.' Svriaii Che^t-r c... Da. ' fmm A. U. Kiden, Taconv : IMack Hamburg tVoin 11. lb Dui h-.-<. durham, 3 years, Paschal Worth, j \V. S. Cleveland, IJurlington, N. J.; Black Morocco W esident, and DcM'andolle from Miss (iratz. exn ."). Diirliam Lull. 2 years, 1') months, Oliver Ivlce, Of iVars there was a tine sliow, many (tf them hi?- ibit(>r. Deny eo.. Da. | cious : by Isaac B. IbixttM-, very large and p-erfect hb Cow a!ci .•alt. eonnnon breed, 10 years, Oliver Duchesse d'Angouleme ; hv MVs. .In.). B. Smith, Dice. IVn-y ..... Da.^ j Dasse (^.Imar, Sieulle, Duches-e d' AnL^>ulcme. Ihairre 4<. (\.\v and ealf, common bre.'.b 5 years, Oliver ' d'Ar.'mherg, and Ib.lland green, b.v the Droi.l.'nt. Uice, IVrry CO., Da. ' the lieurrc Ditd Sieulh> ujid i',hM-ker\s Mea.L.w : and 48. Cow and ealf durham br.ed, 2 year<, Frederiek u!ikn..\vn varieties hy A. M. Kastwick an.l A. D.h.'U, liarnett, Bloomfield, Da. 49. Duriiam hull, 3 years, SWINK. No. 1. Sow six mos. old. b. D. lioopes, Chest(T co. 2. 5 shoats, tliree mos. d.». do. 3. 7 s!H>ats, se\('n weeks, do. do. 4. Chester CO. !(► weeks, J. d. Ili.kman. , the , bines' and Ironi ..iher do. du. sources; from C. lb Lines, New lla'.en, ihe Calhoun, Jones' Winter, dones' D.'cenibcr ann ; tromd. D. Cuvding. D.oston. Doy- enne (Iris; fntni Jno. D. AViMer, Boston, six natae and nineteen fn-eign \arieties. (M" Ap))les, Mr. ^T. Snyder b'-ought tie' li.lblow.r. lla\es. Dennock, 5. 8 Khoats, Wm. Ashbridge. lurg, 7. Chester white, 4 mos. and 18 days, K. H. i'uw clb Huntingdon county. SHEEP. N. Y., the Ibiiley's Spice and Saill.'y Autumn ; troni J. 0. Hastings, an unknown kin.l ; from Matthew Mackie, Clyde beantv, and from -, N. Y., Bailey's S'pice. Falf Ilarv.'v, Jack, Jewett's Ke, No. 1. South down, 2 years, Hon. Geo. W. Wood- President, Sponge and Sweet Baldwin. Of vegctA- ward, Luzerne county. ' bles there were five Esculents. The following pro- irii^ mmmr'i'rwwmKjmwmm.mm-i^ TUOS. V. d-.VKS llecording Si-eretary mmms were awarded l>y the C(»mmittee on Dlants The reports of the Committees of Superlntendeni^ and Flowers:^ For the best hand Bo-piet, to Bobert and ih.- Connnittees appointed to awanf pP«miHm^ at Kilvington ; for tie- lK among th ni. th-- \ i.iori i r -ria. a truly h-auiiful Cope,for skill shown inVultivating Th- \ i.-toria regia. llower ; al>o a sjtecial Drtanium l.t lioli.-rt Bi;;st f,,r a display of IMants in p.)ts. Th" Committ. ■■ noticed ft specimen oi ^ uc.a gl.»ri..sa from the gar.h'ii of .]ii.|_'e Kaic', and a fnie cut seedlin-'-'Dahlia. hv (ler- hanl Sehmit/, and Mrs. d(dui lb Smith, liy tin"- (\.m- ^^ ^'''^ ''"" ^">'"'"'^ '"^'d't. 20. l^^Sl. mittee on Fruits — for the best twelve njime.i i'rars. to '1''*' fcc.»nd annual .xliihitiMn ..f tin; ilamiluTi isaa.- B. Baxter: f.r the second best, to Mrs. duo. B. Ilnrtii-ultural e.xhihiti..n whi.h has just closed, ex- Smith: for the \>'.'<{ twelve Anrdes, to >L Suvler: i j • . i . •' r •. ,. . 1 I * . I \i' i>' h I • Vi. ceedcfi ni everv r"Sj).'et th-' exi."etatn)ns ot its nn>sl lor the sccoFul licst. t.» J. W . lianev, ami speenu I're- ... * ,, ' iniinus f.r fiiu' Crapes to de.hn Kills, H. W. S. Cleve- ! ^^^'•^''»J"" baends. Tie' .[r.^i-ht \shich has prevailed land, .bdm ( biHiirhfr ami \N'm. Warnoek. I ii» tJn^ surrouu'llie^ c.amtiv duriie' th.' past sununer. By tie- Connnitt'.- ..n \ rg. 'tables special nremi- ; s.i drie-l uy all vegetati.-n. that it was judged by urns; f..r the he t ) hohl an .'xhilatk.»n. not\Mthstand- a market gird'acr to Ant'iony relton, Jr.; t.T the b "^t hy a private i::ard''n.'r t ) >Liurice Finn; f.r the H.'Oou.l hest, t.) Thoma^ Mah;in, gfirdn.'r to .\. M. Ing uliich. the s.iei.'tv d.'l.'rmin'.l lo do th<' b.-^t they C'.uM t"V,ai'.N h i\inj: .ae', aii 1 th -v succiuded hand- Kastwick, ;iril f..r (h- third be.-t lu dohn (bLlla-le-r. ^ ind v, an 1 \rrv cr.nlital K to th-ins'dves and iheir niini.Ton-> .'"ntributors. iliero iioi heiiig in all Wes Philadelphia a public gardner to Miss (Jrat/.. Sp'ritd !i! ))(,/!' : '{'he Committee on Plants ind Flowers re{)ort. tiiat . n tie' 'JMli August last, tle-v i visited Spriiej- Brook farm, tlie < '.>untr\ -^.'at of ( 'al-'b hall lai-u''' 'ae'iig!; to acc"mne>.hil»' su.di an exhibi- (!_ope. an.l .'xamined th.' won.i.-r of tiie v. g.'tahle ti..n, th.- Soci<'ty accepted Mr. \. B. ib..wn.''s kin.l king.l.'ni, (le' far fam-;] \'!i'ti»ria r.':j;ia. NVithout en- t an (dahorat(^ d.Mripti.>n. v..ur C.»mmittee beg leave to say, that they tbund the jdant growing in a circular tank, som<; 24 feet in .liameter, in a beautiful tnnl e.i'^tly house, construct. I « \pr.'<<]v for its growth aiel display. At tlie tine- .)f .air \i-it. tin- dant exhihited ti\e niatiir" h'av.'s and one euihrvo ";if, all tl.afMij:.>M the surface; th.' mature l.-aves measured '". t-et and .' in.-h.'- in .liani-'t.'r. thev ar» ofl'er l.t'h;.-^ h.Mi». and irrounds, N\iii',l! are admirably adapted for the purpose. The eyes of th(> numcruus visitors were fea.»f half an in. Ii in .liam"ter--- fr.tm Mr. ("noi-'s iriirantic leaf "1 Victoria lu'i^ia to th • hunddest speciunMi of pot | lant. all arrange.! [HM-h'-tly round, S(»nn^ .'i'tlean ha\-' tie' mar-in turn- with th" -r.'atpst possible taste and beauty. F)..oU'i (mI up, presenting a most singular app.aran.';'. In e..l our they are a b»'autiful light jr-^'n. lie' ufeh'r-i.le of the leaves with their innn'nse r.>p"diku f.'.>t stalks is of a dark purple hue, an.l lit' rally .■.i\.'i-.l with .H^rv.!)g spin.-, iie-bnin'j;, t. the centre of the h'af in great ai'unda:i a,' and every conceivable >hape :i;.d size, and >• \.ral \e;-y large and handsome design** of cut f1 wii---. betokened that tin; s... iety was un.hr gr. at ..hligati.ai^ t'i th' f.iir " x. So n'mntiin: w;is Th.' ejuhry . 1. if ^vi'!l its arrav -d' d:irk s|un.\s pre-''"", ,. , '^ ,. ,. • . • i i ' i '. i - J,,,,, n c ■ I ! 1 . "i r T ' • 1 ' tlH' (In^piav .Vi truits as tocause !;:iui:'i.raMo !>r.'acliei» S' nts a t.wni" al h' :i>neet no. r-Mni tie «si n ..n •. r i ' tf th-' t'ii!h <■ nniia'i liii !.f. and r. -t a !"• w .)f tl s-nts a f.wnndalb' asp.'et an s;;p. rb \Vat<'r Lily. Th.' tLw-T is • eighth, a> wa- .Nil. ait !r mi tli" .!i luini-leMl ^tat" < d' nnnn'uve. rbirig a l^w in.-h... ah.^ve the surla.'.' to , ,.;,„^ ,,{' tie- ha-k.-t. ab.'r th • .•xhihition. S..fir a* ui>play ns man\- i.iir ' whitfMi.'taN, it is he.autirub As i ,,, ,. , . . th»' t'vj. •II. v;;. ,, ,',. 1 •, • .1 • ! we .-muI. h'arn. eV'O-v (.re .»! tte' vi>it'>rs w>ntawav i.e < .xpan^inii pr,Mc. ',,>,, .t a'-^unn's m the nin-T po- UiU, a fiTi.' r.ise cofr. it i-< th-'U nni^nitic'-nt. The -.'■rati!!''d. and .-very thing }»a.ssed oiV with ih'vgr.-a:^ .'•I ti iwT wh Tl expanded, measured sev.'nt-'en in. h. - in .n-l. r an.l harmony. Tie- previous exhibition of this infant socdety wa* diamet.T FrMin th." r-ermination of the seed on the lOth of AtTil. iiptil th" fir-^t in!l 'r-^'cr-nee of the plant oti the 2Nt Aiig>'-t wa< I, lit a. p.^.-iul ,.f a Htth' ov.t four months. \\ i,,.„ ;v,' ron^i.f'r that the plant w:is mtire- 'y unkn.r.vn in this counti-v. it- hahits but p:\rtiallv 'understood, audits eulii\ ;ii"i.,n a lav-nrv. w.aresur- prLsed at the success of the experiin. ntl At»ur Committee are pnuid that tie- tiriawhirh. the influence to luM'Xpecte.l frourso innmfieent an expenditure in the field of Horticub t'ir.\ will give a new impulse to persons of wealth — tlie .xamplo Hct will create a desire to do likewise. i- iTlf V'*"^"^'^^*'^ recommend that the Society's <'-)ld Me.hil be awarded to Caleb Cope, for his libe- r.ility m havmg brought to mature growth the Victo- ria regia, to which the Society unanimously assented. held in September, ISoi), at the house <»f W : . ^^ . K'^en, F-ip. its Vic(i Pr(\sident, an ry liand.>om.' dinplay. was surpassed !■_) tlii-^ on-^. It is ex-pected that the Odd Fellow.s 11 all wdi'i h has just been ciunmrnced, will be finished in tim^ for the next autumnal exhibitiim, so that the society will not again be compell-d to trcspas.s on private gener- OMtV. T. We are indebted to tlie Hon. Tlmma-^ Kwbank, Commissioner of I*atents, for a cojn' of the Patent Office Report for lS50-r>l, and to the Hon. Thaddeus Stevens for a similar favor. We have also receivcartmentscan be us-mI in <;very country, no matter "wliere it was ori .'inaiiv printed, — thus dillering from those books on a-ricul- tiiral subjects wlilch must Ixi adapted tn tli" cir.-inn- stances of each locality. I'his Ijook tli icruir. ;il- thou;2;h prepared ander the auspices oi" a cclrMiatcd !lu;j;lish society, f!;oes so fully into the various brain li- es of the subject, American farnu'rs will lind iinuli \\\ it exactly to th(;ir })urpose — and they do not n'ljiiiiM' to be told \u)\\ much d(>p;Mids upon judieious luiiiur- in;r. The book is v;iluabl(% because besides <2;iviii ;• an account of an infinity of manures adapted to various I u'alitles, it «j;ives directions for employing them to the best advanta;i;e. The subject is divided into eiichteen chapters the • ontonts of which sire stated in such a mnnner as to • 'iiahle the reader to find what he Avants, without nuiding lar!:;o portions of the whole. Tiio m(H;hanical execution is credita-ble, an 1 th ■ i)o:>k will be a valuable addition to the library of the farmer. 'Mr. 'Stevenson's Aduicss, At the moment of goin;; to press wc received a copy of the address delivered before the State A;;ri- cultural Society at llarrisburg. We re^^ret that we have neither time to s])eak of its merits, nor space for it in our columns. liettubt that it is a document lit if will be read with interest and profit bv everv farmer in [Pennsylvania. 18'>1.1 .\i>VEllTISEMENTS. t>.*)M (rraham's Magaziiip, for Xoccmbcr, is on our table, and as usual filled witli excellent contributions and beautil^ul plates. The (^llbrtv«< of the publishers to pliuise the various tastes of their tliousaiuls of readers are unceasing and we have reason to think fully ap- ]treciated. (r)dc}fs hi^lfs Jhol:, for Xonnnbcr, has Ijron re- c.'ived. The illustrations are of a siijun-ior ( liiiracter b(jth in d.'sign and execution, v. !iih^ the contents arc n Imirably adapted t) their lady roailers. Those of our readers who desire a ]ni]>lication devoted to ]»olite lit^'rature, will not be disappointed in subscribing for ( Jodey's Lady's Book. TO i\\ KNTdiis .\N!> ]'.\ti:\ti:ks. J. ])i;,\NlS, Jr , rraclMMl M ichiniBt, iMaiiufacfurrr, ami l)r:iut;l)lsiiian. h 1 viiiii; hail t\\ii:l> _\ rars' rxptrhnu'i; iit iniil'ling ami oiM-iatinii in idi iii'-ry lor in iiiiiMctHnni,' (,'nU' 'ii. Silk, Wool, Strain I',iii,Mnc:s, I'milni;^ faliro, ,V c , with st'vral \ tar's « xpi-ri- tvii'c m p[ (iriii ni'jf patents, t-anltyrs liiS stTVices to mvciitia « id make cxainmati lis of tln-ir inN'rniioiis from a roii^Mi skeidi nr drawing and liinitcd dtsfi i jit ion. (Whidi niav ( »■ iorwardc! !iy mail.) and coin^iar'' llifin with the inv<;MlH)ns m the I'atfiit Ojii-'H and ^i\(' an opinion. wnfthtT lliC invt-Mitlon is pati-iitabitMif not, for a \rv of >! ) ; and sivf th<; inventor tht; expense of a[>pl\in;i I'^r a patent, wlinli usually costs §?>0, exelusive of tlie cost of ruodel, as oiilv ;;!> ml t \.vo-fifih8 of the patt nts applied for are granted. — His I'xprririice lu niakiii}^ (lravvint;s oi", and building and ojieraling inacliinery, enables hiin to undeistaiid an invention from a rough flrawmir and limited deneriptioii, and to conipreliend the points in wiiiidi llie invention differs from those already patented, with llie greatest faeility. I'e also preparesdrawings *<]ieeification8, cave- ats and us>i<>nnient8, or proctires ropips from, or nlteiids to atiy business eonnecli'd with tiie Patent Oiiiee. Counsellors in I'ateiit cases can have an opinion by stitinp^ tlie points in their case, and arguments prepared with the jiroper authorities cited, to sustain tilt; same, with despositioiiH if necessary, lie will also attend us Counsellor or Advoeate in I'atent causes iii any Court. Notice tt) 2.147 inventors whose :»pplieations were rejected in 1819 and '.Ml, that he will examine their cases for S.'», to ascertain if the refereiKcs will prevent obtaining a patent, if a pri>per claim is presented, and advise the applicant whether he had l)e8t witii- draw or amend his papers, and get a reconsideration, or Appeal, {)t Flit' n Hill in F.(iulti/. As he is the onlv attorney in this city, (W'ashinatoii, 1). C.,) wlio has succeeded in rtietsinii the Com- iMissioners clecisiim by an npiifal to the Chief Justice. ["(?■ OlTiee near the Patent Oiiice, Washington, D C. Letters, SKftches, and Drawings, sent by mail, (postage paid) coiitaiiung fee, will be promptly attended to. In order tliat tlie F.vkm ^Toirnal may be placed within the reach of every one wlio feels int ]>ro;i;ress of A;rricuhure, we ask attention to the lM!"\\ ill';' (oriii- : — Si NCI. i: t ''.M'lKS, V. \ 'f W IN TV ^\ 00 \\ V A:. num. 4 00 *' 7 50 "■ " 1", (M) >• « ni:roRT of co.m.mittki: ox iron safe. state Fair Ground, Oct. 30, 1?'jI. TflFi undersign.''d nppninted a committee for the purp^'se. by the o(iieer.-*of the State Fair, were present this afteriioon'when Messrs. i:vans h Watson tested ow,^ of their sin ill sized Silamander I'ire Proof Chests, at which time they consumed three cords of W()od on it, comineMciig at I o'clock, P. M., an. I liaving exposed it to a white heat for twt» hour.*;. KudH-icnt to d^'strov the ca.st iron feet. Oil opening the chest the papers depieited in our preS'-nce were tiken out, not only having been preserved, but not having evin the nppea'"nnce of a seoren upon tliein. The safe was exposed to the disadvantage of being cooled, by having a slrouin of cold water played upon it. josKiMi ritni:r, A o. iin:srKi{. A.T NKWBOLO, .KUIN U C().\. CM VRi,i:S F tllESTER. K !•:. BOUDINO T, CommitUc. It i- not recpilred that all p:i]>ers in a c'ub should 1)C s'Mii I'l one oiiice. ^Ve Avill mail them (in wraj'- pors,) to as many difTerent olhces as m:iy lie necessa- ry. AVe make this arran;::oinent in order that jiersons residinir in different ihsohliorhoods mav unite, and \\)v\\\ lar;i;(» (du])s, and thus secure tlie "Journal'' at tb<< \crv ln\v(wt club ratcb'. Oui- Terms are CASH i\ advance, 'i'iie exeeedina;ly low rah! at which the Journal is furnished render.'^ tills imperative. Subscriptions may be sent at our risk, and money at par whore snbs.scrihers reside, will l>o taken. W here the sum to be sent is lareje we pre- fer that a draft should l^e procured, if possible. Subscribers and Post Masters are invited to act as Ap;ents. A rect ipt will always be sent v.ith the first mimber of the copy suliscribed for. All letters must be addressed, posf jun'il, to tlie pub- Iwher. A. M. SIWXCLKK, Lancaster, Pa. GUANO, PERUVl.XN and Patagonia Gunuo for sale in Uits to suit ptj^ chasers, bv .1. CASSEDY & SON. No. 1*21, Si)Uth Water st., a few doors above Dock st , Phila. \i (M.OVKll TIIKL FARM R)K SALK. i Stuated m Carrland. It con- tiiiis upwards of FIVE IILNDKEI) ACRES, am', if not s >ld eii- lire, will upon the dav of sale be oHered in three tracts. No. I, Coiilaiiis about -»U0 Acres, an eipial propard— in the dairy— in Ibe kitclien— in the garden, and 111 the held on the place ; mid can by pipis be carried into the i;ar- ret. In a word, tlie buiidinsis are of tue lirst order, and the Land 111 the h ghest state of culUvatiui, havint: produced this year a crop of grass and corn ctpial to the best Pennsylvania land A clay subsoil retains every description of manure, and a kinder soil, or one more durable cann(»t he found. No. ti. Contains not piite 'Jf'O Aei.sof the same legh quality of 8.)il, with a tull propoiium of Wo.id and .Meadow, and a never lading spring of tlie best water in every field. A portion of this, like the lormer, has within two yeais been heavily dr. s."n wanted will b" promptly al'forded by wtiting to John Kettlewell, Raituaoie.o. E. Covet Cox, FnKksi.iiig. Car- loll county. Aid. Terms will be liberal and made known upon the day of sale, and the property will be so.d if an oiur i.« m ide wiMiiu any tliiiii! near Its valuation. U I . i'TLEW lil.L \ COX. riUiT AND UlLXAMKXTAb TKKilS iVli SALK At tlie Fair-View Nurseries >ro<>re8town, nnrlinpton Co . N .1 — 5<).(MMI Apple Treeii. iroiii S li» 10 and I'J trel higli, rinl>ru( :i>g about 1j(I Seieet Vari«-lies. ripening in suect-hslou iri in the earb< m to the latest. Also, u large (jiiantity of l*cacii, Chrrr\ , I'ear, l*lnm Apricot, Necliirinc, A'uutitCB, C^uince, drajie Vm«-s, cic. Tit F'ruit Trees have princij>ally been worked ironi standard tre< ?«. which leaves but little loom to doubt us to flu- correetitcsa of tii.» I'ruU, which has t«k< n flie premium at the Peiiiis) Ivaiiia Ilorllei.,- tural Society and others f«ir the last t«*n yeais. 5(i,(KKl Decnluons .iiHl I'.vir^n • n OrnMineiilal Trees and Si iid f>, such as Sug.ir ami Silver Ajaples, Ann ricaii and I'.nropean .Moun- tain Ash, iamleiis, Horse-Chesnuts, American Ijirch. of a large s;/e. suitabb- lor road and »tre«t plailtlllj; ; M I'rii (J: radv, \. ru .i v lias, Xrborvitas, I'liies of «lifr"creiit varielie.-* .1 mil pt r.--. Iiii:':nIi an I Irs!: ^ ' u (Vdars of I.elianon, Double and >iii;'. e Spueia. sulfa! If !i.r ( .iiiftiries. I.awiis and I'rival<- ^'ar'''^ , IJordrrs. etc. A i I ill I.I ! 1 i.Kconnt will be allowed t i pi : n t- w ao ! ir. to sel again. Dt.si ripl:vo Calal(>gues fnrnislied -ji, .',< lo p.>.>t paid api .i- canlf John rr.lMCl.XS, Proprie- r Tiii: :,ii).i;i:i- sri,!) stork. r.t'fl Mirhet sired, nhorr ^/h sfrrrf^ l*fill,rfhfnln,i. \ \/f VF/IMT.MIl.K SKKDS, 'V.rY ^1 Ali)^ ^ known varietv. \ t>I>>/i'r ri-nWKil SKKDS, 500 varieties. -\^W .r^^ CIIASS and FIKIJ) SKKDS. riMIT -^ (5K\AMK\T.\L TPv^KS k SillU U- WVAW. The subscribers offer for sale at the Nursery and Garden a large and tine assortment of F rwt ami (Jrniimfnlnl Twe^ niiU SfiiulMry. emliraemg many new and valuable varirles in each department, whuh lliey can supply in large or small (luantilies, viz :— .Apides, | Pears, I'eaches. Plums. Cherries, .\pricot8. Nectarines, Figs. Fil- \ bcrts, French aud SpauMii Chesnuts, F.nulish and other UiM»8eber- ^ rii-8. Currants. Raspberro-s aad Strawberries m variety; Fnijlish . Wulnuis, CiuiiK es, Asparagus ro<;t8. Osaiie Oiange lor hedging, j <"r iiiberries, iVe., al.so l'v-s. a large ass irta ent ; \irrLtna>, i>'r/j/iV/>. Fitlntcs. ('I\r y^nfiHii-viuin^. Hul- boiis r(H ts, assorted, Tulips, Hyacinths, double and single Grupt Vitt's, Box Edging and (iret-n lloiisi' Plants « Trees and I'lant.s delivered in Philadelphia, carefully packed free of charge, and despatched thence by pnldic cply all kiud-i ol iiiiprovcfl Agricultural and nortieultural imple- nieiits. also Field, (iardeii ami Flower se«'.ls. fresh and genuine — Country M'rckeepers supplied at reduceil prices wth seeds, neatly put up in papers hir retail sales PASCIIALL MORRIS. A CO. \\ est Chester, Pa. SSce(5;iii»! Xi^eiiu 1 1 ur.i I W.iiiliouvo. No. 29. M.f, ',.' S'rcet, Pkila. ■\rllKUE the 8ub8eri()er iias o leutd an extensive assortment of i.UAs.'* AMI o^RDKN sEKii."<. of his own r.iising,or recent iinjx>r- tilioa,und warranted to be ii.s reiireseiited. He ' A'M-iculiural nnd llortimhui ai lii!p!< luontM. THOMAS r. CKOKT. l»r..pri"t.T. A"-ent ot iVnna. I'arm Journal. I o b.VM'll 11. E^ f .1! 1 ;i; C. B. ROGERS. UKSIM'TTl'I !.IA 'Mvi»«* ih" ;rl»-it': ll.i .r I'.stabI islina nf for the laaiiuui!. lure 'l F ! rail 11'^ liiipifiuf! t.s an t cs tcliI'v to t t,fii ci-'rt laUd lMpi;< •\ i.p < 'i; M N I A ^^ •-. which they confidently assert will do more work in a shorter «|>ae»' of time, and with less labor, thin anv other I'minowin use. TneJ'e I'.ans. wherever infroiluced, have given t ipb t<- .s it isfactiouand a large number of ti-atiinonials could be procured, t'Stiljog to their superior merits. Thev also uiaujfafture. to order, .Xgricultnral Implemfntsof va- rions kinds : BUcU ui Straw CutUif, Cultivutor.s, Ploughs. Ilatnnrf. Having had manv years' experience in the beft .'shops in f.ie countrv. thev are prepared to do W(»rk (»f a fiiperior qualitv a l.lOe cheaper than any other cstlialisliment in the >'lnte. Tliey M-ill w.ai- rHiita.l their w-'rk to be what it is represented. A warrant gv. i, with every Grain Fan, giving the purchas. r the privilege of re- taming it, sho'jd it not i\o goiKl and (jiiiek work. They will de'i'/er them, free of rxpensc, any distTncf witVin fifty miles of the manufactory. Tin ir Miop is nt the .i'ln-tin,, „( the' .Marietta and Coluiidaa Turnpike, l.ancast- r. Pa., wiiere tl»ev ' will be happy to have Farmers call and examine for tiiein?e;ves Price of Fans, No. 1. inrge size, - - - !r-M ««* I' »> " 2. snia.'l size, ... ViVtut Several good and responsible Agcitti wanted in the Wesicrn and Middle paitof Penn.'«\ I vai ia. to whom a lair nerc'-ntHge wiU be allowed. All orders addresst-d to Eanphier ami J«iy<-rie»,. Fan caster P.i., will meet with pmmpt attentnui. June Mi ■ STH \ W WW W H Y I'T \ \TS. '^ piTE subscriber offers tor sale 4(MiOyonng «nd thrifty Stra^r' er- JL ry plants Ht low prices This and the foliowinjr month he.'ne the proper time to form new beds to beor t'mit the followiuf M.r. ' J F. HEINIT^M' 'Au? 1, 1S51. No. 18, East King tt., North »idc.J..sij. rj^ 2.54 ADVERTISEMENTS. fNo V F M Fl F n , IS.11.1 ADVERTISKMKXTS. 9-^ )> MoNICiOMKRY'S UNRIVALI.KI) IMl'ROVKl) UoCKAWAY SCRKKNKK. This celel)ratccl FAN has lit-t-ii llmruugli y icHted uud found k> eXL'el all iitlicrH iiuw m uHe u>r cleHiiing lue uilleiciil kiiidhol j^iuiii. Tins improvemeiil l»y iM«intgoiiKry &. lirollitl. ci>iiHUt» in a dou- bic 81IOC— tlie larger bIidc— A as cDiimnaily allaclied tii wiiiiiowiug iiMciimcs, liaviiig grooves into WliicU the bcrcei.8, HievcH vt sieve Innrda are BUtI and real. ... ■ . ,, r. L5. Tae ciirveU apr.ai npon whicli the gram tails after passing Uiroueh u hopper aUove. C. The d.ior which is made to extend nrrogs the curved wpron \l and opening back on hinges towanls the front end ol shoe A, re8l8 rtat upon the front part »)f Uie apron B. The grain pahStS aJ.Mjg the curved apron B and tlir.)Ugh llu- aprrture ol ine door C a«iJ falls ui>«Mi the screen D undtrnealli. Tlie apron is carried over the screen D on to the screen nndemeatli, wliiUl the streeu- liiiES pass through the screen I) into tne shoe G nndrnieatii, and are carried alcmg the bottom ot the shoe G to the itime, wherea spout 1! receives tHe screenings and carries thein down behind into a i)ox beh>w the bottomof the shoe A. The gram is curried back on to tlie gram board underneath perfectly fic-r.;enc.L ^ .^^^ , The persons who have already used these (jRAlN FA^Sh^v« not »mly spoken in tlattermg Lernis of tluin, but prtler them to all orlieri they iuive used— and very many ol the beht Agrn u!luri»48 have given tlieir certificates that the fad <»l these machines screeii- m<' tliegr:iin twice by r»ne and the same opeTjition in the Verv im- provement they have long (haired. Our fanners Will now have Wie in. "St perfect wmnowmg macliine, whicli spreads the gram over tlie ni)per xcreen more perfectly than any others now iii use. I'liis improveiiient is so valuable as to liave induced the iuv«;nt(T8 iitid n)aimfa( liirerH to make application for Letters I'ateiit. \ll orders Inr tin- m;ieliines wil! be prMinptly attended lo by the ^ AND FACTORY FIRE EXGINF^. Garden Engines, Cistern Pumps, Well Pumps, for any depth re- qairf*!, Hose Couplings, Copper Rivetted Hose o( all sizes, Onia- ni*mental Cast-iron Fountains, Ac Purchasers arc respectfully invited to call. A,ay oowiuttuications by mail will have inunediatft attention. G. U. FARNAM, 34 Cliff St., asAr Falton, N. T. I'KNNA. I'ATKXT ACIKXCV OKFJCK Inventors and orju'if. having busiiess lo transaet at the L'lut'il Suites Patent, otiicc. are lier« by iiifitrmed, that the imtb r!«igiierr applicalKiiiB i\»r the securing ol Lctleis Vn- lent, Hceordiiii,' to law. .MAI'HIMSTS AND IWF.NTOHS will save time, tronble and exprnse. h> fii.tt coiiHiiltrng him. mi'' ttie hlricle.«^t seeresy Will be observed, relative to their inveiilioDH and claims. The otflt e is at prcBt-nt hx-nt'-d in Centre Stpinre two dol.jine forward.-d to W'ashniirton citv, free of charge by J. FRANKLIN RKltiART, Lancaster, F«.^ lAfe liiMiraiice Tor Iloi>e.s, &,c* THE AmericnnlJve Stock Fnsnrance Company, (Stockholders n>- divitluaily Liable) I'or the In.snrance of Hor^fs, Miilc^, }'f>it Bull!>, She'!}), Catllf. ^r , agaoist Kite. Water, Aeeid.nts and I>i»- ea«e. Also, ujmjii Stock driven to I'.astern markets, or trauFix'iud Siwth. JOHN H. PRICK. General Agent for Pemisylvaiua, Philadelphia. RkFKKK.NC KH : W.mkI, Abbott A Co., ) Trujtt, Brother .V Co.. \ Philadelphia. Coates A. Brown, 5 JOHN ZIMMERMAN, I^mcaster Pa. CHARLh:5 F. FRICK. Reading, Pa. SA.MUEL H. TAYLOR, Mauch Chunk, P«. Dr. John G. Scovkrx, Veterinary 5arjjeor, VUft 1851 ) Examiner for [Ancaater Conntf . Wm. B. Wil*t, Job Printer, Lancasfcor, Pa- I KAKMKKS PKOTKCT Vol i: llol SK.S.t BAliNS. | So many accidents have Iiappent-d from lightning rluring the past Suiiniier, that every prudent and «-arelul t'armer slionid at once ail'pt. sneh means . -18 will be niost elfectn il in preventing them — When It IS remeinl»ered tli.it certain safely may be He( ured at a very tntiing expense, it becomes the duty of every furmer and eood Citizen to avail himself the proffered means. By so doing, he not only secures hi.s property from hre bv lightninj^, but pro- ti:ct8 also his family and th<» ;e around liim. Tlose are im[>ortint considerations and shonM have great Weiylit. Those who drsire a « l.iuhtiiing Uo<1, p'oii'iuiiced ti> the tirst Scieiitihc men in onr coiiiitrv, the very i)est in use. will find it mi a|>pli(ation t'> Till IS AlLMri'A(iE at hia Ma^nrtir Lii;l,t .m^ Hoi I'actory. Yine Str-'el, 3 doors above 12tli. I'liii.idelpliia Thi se Hods are (nnslieil with a'| tlie improvements ut liearK the B. line pi lees .i.H the old kind. (II, rA(ii;\S(lH(Ll.\KS.VW MILLS. CKoKiiK I'AdK .^ CO. Sliri)"'l<'r str(>/t, In-twcfn Uiiltiiiiitn? and F;;y»'tto .-sts.. I> iltiinoro. .M iiuil.ietiire to r^lthn tii Poitnhlf Pnt-nt Cirrulu S'lii.' Milh, with liMrtii iif hl'Miii pow « fsj. of several si/.ts. They also niaiinractiire Sawin-.! a.,d I'laiiiiig .M.-iefjiio s l"or rai'r.ia*! work, Tlirashiiifi: M;i( liiins, (iKlST .MILLS («.r farm purposis. ;n,' Al.ohm.-s. Si:H) AND CORN l'L.\NT- ! R^. i.Mi'KON i:i> iioK-i: row i:ks. corn siikllkks.'au- '^'■r» (tiT hi)riii^ Welly, an'.:i-r8 foi Imm iiig fence po^l.'^, wawr wheels, f(Wer. ;i;id do it ln'tfrr. fSt*pt-<» 1)ini.M'!:LriiiA v livkkpooi, iase ok r.\('Ki:'rS-'l'o sMil from J'liilMdelpliia oil the Lnli, luid Iroui liisnijooi oji ilif Ni ot each moinh. ]• roiii I'hila. h'rorii LivcrpfK*! .Ship SHEN \ .NDoAII Ca|)i. W. r. Gardiner. Xcwship VVestmi'f;i i.a.nd Cupt. 1*. A. Dfcaii, XCW ?lrp SnACKMAX'iV. Cupt. \V. ii Wc.i. 1 "fl l.'.th l.^th l.Mfl Iv.h ir)th lull l.'Mh l.'jih f Apiil ^ \i.g. (Dec, f.May, <^Sept. (jaM. ( .1 uiio <().-f. (Feb. Ship MARY rLi:.\SA.\TS. i July CapL. \l R. Uicaii, .| Nov. l.xii ( VInrchl.') h The abovo first class sliip,«5 nn- built ot the best mnicri Rl.'i. and coiiiiii nuKil by ('\;m- iiniced iiavionturs. Due re- ij.ird has bttn p.nd to s(;|f ■; models lor .speed with eom- lort tor [jiis-enucis. 'riiey will sail jxirirtiiaily ofi iho days S'lveriivc b lakiiig atlvaiuage ul llio etcum tuvv boats on tno Debiw.iie. Ft'rsoiis wishino to eiiirnfio pnssiiije for tlieir frieiid.s, cnw i>t>t.ii;i ctrnruau s, wlncli \\ill i»e gotid lur iwcivo iiioinhs. ra.>.s:igc to Liverpool lu the cabin, 8'^ '• Forwji'd eabin, JO " " St.eraoe, Vi 1 a^pagc frnm Liv( rpool in ibr camn. 10() Forward cabin, '2^ '* " SieerMi;e, 'Jfi 1 hose who w ivfi (,, n ,x)ir money, can be arrnniniodntcd ^Mhdratislor L\ sterlinL: and t'[)wards. at si'li!, wnboiit dibcoant. Apply to (i FCL Mcll KNR Y cVCO. June 1. 1^.-,1. 37 Walnut street. II Rfovvth. a vfr R HI'IST. lli:MtV I,.THII»I.FR, {Successor to Jificph P n Cnit^x) Dealer iu (;rRs« hikI (^arden^^ped-i. ^o. 49, Marhei Street, riiiladelphia. June l.st Oct. l=.t Feb. 1st .Iii!y i.M Nov. Nt .Mar. Nt •A u ^ . 1 -s 1 Dec. l.-t Af>ril l.st Sept. N: Jan. 1 «»( M a V 1 Rt JUlK.\-\L(»F I'lIK FRANKLLN LN.s'l ITl TK. (tf the Stni!iiitter (i( Hcimtnie gentleiucii appon.ltd for the pnr|)oBe. by the Frankli.i ^ll^lllnt. . 'I'lie deservedly hi;rh re|)utatiT "in- \ f ar's f«ul>sn. ( ■oiiumiiiieili. in« and Ititrrs > ai hu.sm.ns mn«t bf directed to '• ihe .^ctii:ir\- (lithe I'luiikliii liiat. lule, I'a I la'l'' I ph la. /'••nnav vaiua, ' Uie p< slasi:e pa d \\ .\1 H A.M 1 l.l ( )N . .\iimist 1, I". I Actuary. K. I. TO F\H\!l-'Rs7f'r,\\TKKS, MAflKK I f. \KliK\ Kl> .^ Mlllf K^. fit F F M; K I) nK \ ItT II'M 'I \ r, (j'i'A\(>-M"linf',!rf,>,tJn,Ui/ III/ h'/:.\TlSn A- Cit. Jffl"'( Sc. i'b y'ed. lixed. nml are given out to vt ge- UiU-iii on!) as it recpiires them No rot. mildew, worm, th or other Insect can approach it: an i*orCant conhidi r.ition toiarnK rs generally, but puiticularly in |HiUito planting It will te admiraldy ad i; ted 1. 1 tile r<-ii. ivatioii, restorattou and I trtiliziiig *>( hut a lands ns hive hcen woi n out. It Ml IV lie used broadca^if aflrr tlir ^t' niid is ploughed, and thf-n harr'tutd in with Ihesrt-d. It is al<<.i valuablt* as a top drihaiiig. >*.\ acres per day I an lie I'liis inaniired In a day b) one man. It m.iy !>e nHi.d with lio- ^;r>ati «i advantage on i oril, J otato. a. '.Vheat, Tobacco, (jardtn \ rgr lalib-s. H>e. Oats, (irefu llouv I'lants, l-'loWi-rs. \'iiii-s \V.^i, Irmt , iV c .a;id in. ri- than a Ihoiisand eel tu icates tnin the in >st cc i-lr it' d ^ aimers and (iurdeners, ran \)t' nh' iwM, a i i t'St :>' > ing in the iiii: Io-aI I' i ihk to its grciit value as a lertiiizer. A p;i;iij lift coiit.iiiii.,^ tii- hi- ( ■ rt.fic.iirs cnn 1)^- had. iiV nppi\ iiii; to Llif nianulactiin rM Ti'K ri;;rK n o\f.Y om? ( k>t TKIl I'OIM) It l.<* j lit np ill i lil.s a V< r.:i;l.i^ V.'.;^; b.-* , or 111 (-..sks, iroia KXHi. to 1 1(1(1 li'S TKR.MS. 1 'a."*M, or aj^pr. \-fd credit on d.-'i vrr y. IVrs >i'S wish- ing to buy the ;irtiib' to sel, ag.uii will i'eaI'VVida lilit-ral 'om- it. IU 1ST, NURSERYMAN <&, S E E D G RO W E R, AS iiKvay* ofi hand at his Pt'ed Storp. f>7, Cbe.«!iiiil Strcft, rinladelpliiri^ « larqe stork of Seeds i^' his own I. a vfrtf xfnf'Ortiintitftn to purrh'i.^fr.%,HM he is a practical ijr iw er,i*u 1 has heeii en^^.i^.-d m his profcHsioii oypr 150 years His mirsr- r.- ground i«iinipK 8tou/T/i(is( (tic/ .■oilr 0/ iinj>!iii-iown Sheep. do do ( )A('ordtfhire do do do Lelecstir do Swine and I'oii'tfv of ddfer'-iil t)recds. All letrrs post jviid will be proinpt'v :ittended to AdiJress AAHON (M.IMKNT. August I, l.Sil. Ccd.ir at . iit'oye Dth. rfaila. GITANO AM) TLASl KK. 1-IlK subscribers offer for snlr at the lowesi market rates, IIHKJ Tons Dry ratagonia (oiano, .')00 " (ioveTiimejit I'eriivi.nn (iuano. 5(K) bbis (■round I'iaMcr. The (luality of the above is unsurpassed , and cm '"* reromnv rul- ed with conhdence to larnora .and otlura in want of the )iri;( ks. \ liberal deduction made tu Conntrv MerrliMnts. Ald.KN .V NF.K.I)I.I> No.CW k 23, S. Wharves, First Store alx.ve Cheh %\ , ThiisL July \. "«''4na- Br.PvK?fTTRE PIGS and South Down Sheep of Puj^e Blotxl, for sale br " JaVy l^ro. J At* TilORNTON.Jr., Bybcrry, Philadrlphia Co. 2r>G ai)vi<:t?tis]:ments TukKj*. All Uii- FRUrr & ORNAMENTAL TREES, &C. TIm! bu1).h( riliiTS so'iiril the; attciitidn of .\iirs«ryrn<.'ii. Orchardists n^nil AiiiaUurs, to llitir pic.-'ciil larg'j and lin<; sU>cK ui iNuracry Ar- StandaR'^ Frtit Trkks. fnr Orr-lianls; thrifty, well grown, and lianilKCHii*', of all tlie Im.-«1 vari'JlitH. UwAKiT ri!'-.R?, for tjiirdeiis. 'Die largest stock iu the country, aiid I lit! iii'isi. coiri|»lete. Dw^ub' I'kah 'I'UKK*. Our loliectiou consists of well known leadin"" vam ties, an'l nitinherH more than 16(),()IH) aaleuhie trt-t-s — Tl\e aupt-rioritv of tli»«t;, beiiiy; jjrown ni the counlrv , ov^r inipv-rl- eit trees IH Well known to «'vcty lul.cllif'eiit cnllivalor. Nollilii.', in fact, in this conniry, can ecjnal our collection of I'eur 'I'recs — 'I'h'-y can he hail from oin; to lour yeurb growtli, Siane of whnli aic now coV'Tfd Willi fruit. UWAKK AJM'LK TkkKS. \Vc cultivatt! ill liTLji' (|na uti t !rs t licr lifKt and liaud.s niif-sl varictiis of apph's on Poinun a;i(i ^'ar.llll^ fct >ck8 lor l)wari8 and l'\ rainuiH. and can funusli tlu-ai m I tiwl li. (|iiaiititie8, fr< |>\vai;k <;iiki;kv TukKj*. All Ihr N-.-nlmt,^ varieties are cnllivat'i! o4i Maiia'fl) Hi icka, t-Alt-nsively. \\'ci;iii i iirni.sli li>liio Imiiiln 'I taoiisand. from o!ii- in i\\>) yciirs L;rci\\in. Ullll CiiKUKY CliKKANT, llic luTi^ebt vai n l> kn.iwa. I [lU ards of i,(i()() ANM,YTTrAI; LABORATORY, Ydlc (JoUtije, Acir Jliir< u, i.'oniKcti'ui. JOITV r \()IlTON, Professor of Scikmjfic AciRiciiLTcrF Till;? l.ahoritory is now fully oruamsod for iiiMriietioii m ai; l>raii(die.'< of ana yseei ••r.). ft-ssiir« III the various Itrancliea of (•lif'ini>f ry, opecialK aurieu!i;i. r il, IS now u n-at ami iiM-reaftiii;^. so tliut Ihiti lb u fair (icld'lor lfi< s^ who Jiiiv'c a t isti- lor Mi'li pnrsuiis. A i-irii.-,r (Il Lr( iiiffi (.11 Scifiilili'- A i^ric 11 1 1 lire, hv Picfrssor N'.r. ton. ' iiinint MC( s oi .Laniriry ol eacli ) uar, and eoiitliints for twoMin! il inonilis. Tills cdnisc is designed especially lor the piaetliH. !;o 111' r, ,111(1 Iia8 tji v'cii ^rcai Bati.-liicimn to those u ho have iitlt-ud- e.| It in prev'i.iii.s \tarH. 1 1 eintiraf f.s a plain eomicc'ted outline of the liadni'^' pciiifs 1)1 improved at;! iciillnre. treatiii;jr jj, succeHs.Kn oi liie e. iiiij)' i.siti. (il (it liie soil, the plant aiil tne aniiiiai ; df l|,» ir eonnection8 wiiii each otiier, alnl of all the improvements ni culti- vation, manuring', (ei liiiif^. aii-l iatleiiiiit auricuitiiral rciiioiis 'i'liis CMnrse is made so pliilii un\i praelical. that tlo- lai iiKT who iitt ai^.'s it I'an u ml ci stand tlie wlicic and apply it in h;s (.wn expirienee. More can he kariicii Ly alteiidanee upon SUidi lectures, hv reini- ilif? in ciMiiiection willi them, and ity associatiiar Willi others w 'n are also desirous (»fohtaiiiiii<> a hettt;f knowledge of their prmi*- sion tliaii III years away Ifoin Kiicli advaniaues I'lie young t'ariii' t learns to think for lumaeif, to see that a practice is not m'ct'ss::[i.\ right heeanse it is old, to undefslaiid the reasons for nil tiiiit 'n plains >in hand. KNGI.IhII (ioOSRBKKRIK;*. all (he liCSt SortS. L,\H(iK l-'uuiTKU MoMHLV Kasi'UKUI.v, that gives a crop of fine fniii in the autumn. SruAWUKUKiK.^, al! th«* hest s'ntrt. Ornuineiit il Sliade 'I'rees of good si/e, for streets, pnrk^, i\e., Liiiic and \\ «.ll -irown. Choice Trees and Shruhs, for lawns and pleasure grounds, m- clndimi all the finest, new and rare articles receiiUy iiilrodm-eil llAin)V KvEKiiUKKN TuKKs Norvvay >pruce and li.ilsam I'lr.of small bi'/e. in larj?e (piaiilities ; and a moderate supply of l.irge ^ aiion, Cliiii I'lne, Cr) i>t.nn«ria or Japan ; farming prolitahle as well as interesting. Cellar. Ilima avan Spruce, iVe , tVe. ■ , ,• • i Honrd and lodging may he procured at from 82 to S3 per wotl. Hoses I'eonies, a large and complete collection, including the ; ,,i„i the Tick, tfi.r the Lectures is SjU. liii'-st varieties. • ■ i r ' In connection w th the Lectures is a short I.ahoratorv coiiryr ' FuLoxKs A collection of upwards (>f sixty varietica, including , pieans of which those who desire it, are taught to test soils, ir. ' thirtv new varieties idiported last ^'p^lng. u r i ures, marls, Ac . in a simple wav, and t(» make nianv ele>iin:t:if Da'iiltas. I'pwardsof KMi Kt;,eet varieties, including the finest examinaih.ns of a liighly useful character. The charge f.r f. KiiL'listi prize flowers «if 1^10 and I8.'0. comse is r?'2"). The t'.dlowing Catalogues, giving full inf( rmation as regards , T<» those strdeiits who go tlimngh the fnll Lalx.ratTv reiirs. terms, prn-es, cVe.^^witl he sent gialis to all who apply by postpaid • ,i,y ^.\^nT^v isaho.-.t SCOO per annum, and they can he udinittt.: :. any i>f riod of the year at a |)roportioiial charge I'or further infunadii'ii a;ip')' l • I'rol". Jc)!iN letters or at the o.Tiee 1st. a (Jeiiera' »cs( riptive Catali»gue. y.l, a Wholesale Calalogne %\. a Catalogue of Select Hr****!! Ilo ouse Plants. 4lh a Soeeial Catalogue of Dahlias .and Hedding Plants, for Ir-jl. ' ' i:ll\vaN(;i:k .v ilmiiiv. Mount Mope and (Janlen \ Nnrseri«'8. Sept. 18r)L Rochester, N. Y. '"^ T H ITm O 1) K L A IMMn T K (' T, ^1 iterica of oritfindl (lcsi lie issued inoiithlv, until complete. I'.aeh numlu-r contains t'oiir Litliograph Kntrr.iviii'is of original designs. var\ ing in cost of erection from ftV'^ti!) to sVl.OtK) There are als;) fiajr sheets of details accom- panying the desiirns. comprising ground plans, ,Vc.. iVc. Pesiiies this, e.ich uumher contains eight pages of letter-press, descriptive of the designs, giving cxtentleil ae(, omits of the various styles Hdonted, ess.ivs on warming, ventilation, tVc, .^c, elahorate sjie- edicitions, estimates, tallies, and in short every thing desirahle, ♦Miher I'or c •nstruction or for general inforinatioii, in beautiful type; the whole heiii.^ execiit d oiUhe verv finest paper. ?nauufacturcd expressly for the w.rk. Prick .5(» CKXT.s" A N IM U! ,!{ \ddre8S, post-paid, H S. .lONF.S fc Co , FuMisher.'^. S. W. cor. 4th and Race sts . Pliila., Fa. Persons forwarding a list of five subscribers accompanied with tiie cash, shall receive a sixth copy grutis. ■<'pt-ly FINE STl^\^v^KlUlY plants. StTAwberry Phints of several varieties and fine quality can I'C hftd bv the hundr-d or thousand at the low price of 81 per hundred, Lv ttddre«eiiu with mnouiit enclosed, • * JAMES O'CONNOR, S-'ife Harbor, Lancaster co , Fa AU'oTders will receive proi^ipt ulleution. (sept 1S51. Haven, I'oim. Norton. NVw . (Sej^lU TIIK MVdXKTlC Ll(ilirN]N(r ROiV Tiios Ai;Mir\i,i;s i-allxi- m \(iNi-:ric LKiiiTNiN'' ROD. — Tliepiientee t.akes pleaHiire in iiitorming lis frinxls a ^ the pnhiie in general, that after many years' close, iiivestigi.tn.; and minnro'.is experiments, he has finally arrived at the tine priic ci|>Ie of mannraeturiiig aiul pulling up Lmhtning U- (!« and !'• i'''"' a.iid IS now rendy to serve his Iriends and the imnlic in general. ■>' the shortest n"tice, at his manufaetory, VI N I ', street, above T.''- Pliiadelphia. .siuitr. side, where- al! persons :tr< ri specifnily iaviti' to call and examine fi.r the ins-' Ives, fins hcoig tlie oiil\ place wlur tiiey can be p'o > lia.<- w li\ iiilt , who jiave pr( 'ii»runced it to be ti.f R I : |{ h) Al'. FI:1"5S'I'I-:AD, \v\>o- .STAND. TOILF/r TAHLK. and FDilJ CaM: SKaT (^ILMH* as i(>w as b:>i) per suit, and upwaul to if^imi, gotten up in ihe nw "'• superb style. Tln'se who are a!)oMt furnishing liotels. cottages, or eitv. f''*"' deuces, should call aiul see this style ol fiirnifiire, which for cin-'i'" iiess, durability and elegance is far preferable to the old lie-'^^ kinds of mahog.any, ^c. Orders from Jill paitsof the coimtrv prnmptlv nttnided to s^ carefully packed. Wa R W ICiv & CO.. Wererooins \o 4 and C\ South Seventh St., between I'heMni:' •'^ .Market streets, Fliiladclphia. sept -f.''^ IIFAHY A. DREEirS SEED AND lioRTicrLTniAL v/Ain:iiorsK. No. 59, Chcsnut st., noar ?>d, Pliilji.l«^lphia. Constantly on hand a large and well selected nssortment ef Gurdtn, Fitld^ Grass and Gardtn Ser>ls, Fruit TTet>, Uiaie » "•«' Rfses, S^c. Horticultural Implements in great variety. Catalogucfc|for warded ou iH)8l paid application. (sep.-K I I i \ I \()L. 1. L.\\r.\STEIl, r.\., DECKMBKR, is.n. M). fl. T 11 1: F A U M J OF 11 y .VL. s. s . ii\iJ>i: M w, i: dItor. ■ 1 « ■ * 1 1 . /• .it. n » .Vd(lrct»8 delivered before the Peuiibylvaula Slalc Agricultural Society, CORRESroNDFNr'F. Harrisbuhg, Oct. 31, 1851. To TUB ilo.N. AnPKKW StE\ KN50.N : Dkau 9ih .— Th- edifying nn be, Most respectfully, Your obedit lit servant, FRKDKRlCK WATTS. President of the Penira Slate .Agricultural S)ciety. IlARR!rfr,uni;, Oct. .Tl, l-i.'.l Drar Sir: — T have the honor t() acknowledge the receipt of vour letter of today, asking permission to have the address I (!e- livered yrstitrday before your Society printed for circulation tiiriagh'Ul FenngylvaniH. I hasten to place a copy of the address 111 y.iur pdSseBnion, to he used as you may deem best I beg you to believe that I ("eel tlie honor you do me by this application, and ran only express a hope that its circulation in the mnimer pro- pi sed. may Mntrdaite to advance the viewe of the Si)ciety and the ..■Viral uilerefcts cif agriculture in your noble state. 1 have the honor to be, Very truly, dear sir, Your obedient servant, ANDUHW STLVENSON. T FRKILRy K Wattk, I j»Q , PrcBident of the State Peiin'a Agricultural Society. FIRST ANMAL ADDRESS. .♦/• . IVesuknt ami Cmflnnen of thr A jri cultural So- rirft/: kindno.^H lias iropnsod upon m..; ;uul whilo 1 um fn^^ to a other iiuli\idu.il iiuai! i-ninjiotoiit hii^I w..rthv tlum I am to do justice to the ;.;n .vt i.m»- m nmikh wc aro^on^^'a^od. ;i!id fulfil tlio ju.st r.xiiortaiiuiis cf \nur Society. lint liH\iii- yio'ldod my av>..|it. and put my hand t<. tho |,]m\v. I oannut r.oodo. and I am Iiorc to redcrtn my jih-d^r,.. in the maniior I doom her*t and mo.st acct^ptable to you. Allow mo, however, iu advance to say, that my .situation is ouc of .a .some- what novel and emliarras.sinj; cdiaracter. lV'r.s«.nall\ unknown, with a few exe<»ption.s, to tlp^ va^t ernvd that surround.^ m<'. miLrht 1 md say that I stand hrr,- to day in the mid-t of an entire Ht^an^or.' Imt I will not, )>e('anse I (iu;:ht not {>> .say it -for win n wa.s 1; that a A'ir;:inian in i'unn-y 1\ ania, or a J'mnsylva- nian in \ iro^ini;). ^^as o\er re^rjirded as a stfan;;er in a strange land? For mure than throe .luaiters nf a century tlio Stale's df Peini.sylvania and \'ir;;inia. ami>no;>t the olde. A;;ricuF tural Society ()f my own State — an ajipointnnMU cer- tainly of div^tinctionand honor, Imt one whiidi, on my part, was an unsouj^dit and unexpected, as I f(Md it to h:ivcbecn unmerited. In ae.-eptin^r the invitation, theref.ire, to deliver tie Annual Addregs of your So- ciety. I be^ you i,^ do me the justice to bolioy,- that I wa.s intbienceortion of Vdur nohi. st.ue, tiuin from any impression of peculiar htness to discharge thc> duty which your VOL. I J. * -^ I can. in tlie glorious cause whii'h has brdu;^ht you t<:)gether, and to iiay the tribute iif my atle.-tidnat*' homape, as a A ir^^mian, Uj old and patrictie Pennsyl- vania. I am. in truth, no >^tran^or in Ict land; but feel that I am entitled to all tlie kindrod ri«^ht.s of brotherhoo lit ■**« 258 AGKTCTILTT'nAL Af>f»TlESS. fDECEMBKR ■VcwMVAffrfM l^")!.] AGRICn/rCKWL ADDRKSS. 25m time two sentimentH of a lively nature! llo prolmbly ' porti^ti j\s it may convoy infonmition. app]ica)>l»» t, Bpokc tlic truth; for, FiirrDundod by soonoH f(jr the | mere details of evory day farrnin^r, I shall fad m 1,. last three days, which mip^ht well have justifird vari- cilort 1 am about to make ou this (Mu'asion. liHh.'d, ous emotions of the most animat.-d and dclin;htful na- : without j.crsonal knowlrd^j^e or a like yours, or ft heart- namely that of dop and hoartf.dt ^'ratitudc ! the pn'vailiu<,^ mod.'s of cultivation, of wluidi I md And here let me con^^ratulate the Society and every 1 ignorant; h<.w«-ould it be experted, or .l.-^ired, thnt I friend of ac;riculture, upon the character of their j should occuj.y tlie attention (d such an au.Tlv b^dcn-t., 8id<'nt uiade'a disidav e(pial to the many imposinp^ ' the various auxiliary socn'ties ..| your Slate, to whom and I'l-iiscworthy spectacles of a similar character i tliey can more safely be eonh.i.d. My ])urp..Ne will which l\)r some y(^ars past have distinguished many j be one wholly ditlVrent, and ot a iuore efilar-e«l lu, 1 (»f your vistiT States of the north and east, and Mary- ! general (diaracter. I shall, in the first place, niuk.' i land in the south, (mkI lew, if any, are b.'fore her,) ' brief examinati.ju of agricultur.N m connecti-.n ^v,:il YOU have had enough to afford great encouragement ; with tiie other great branches of national in.histrv and promise of better thin.j;s hereafter. Your e.xhi- anrity and eKistence of the ,,1! lar^^e Indeed f. have witn.-s.Ml such an assenildage , Atlantic States, and espcvially I ennsylvania, I>'i;;- of "J'nli-htened'and patriotic men, brought together! ware, Maryland and \ irgmm, must hereafter niuiiily from alh.arts (,f vour .mn State, as well as from Mepend upon restoring and increasing the fertility nt thoMc adjoining' for purposes so loftv and patriotic ; \ their lands, and the amount of their produrtion.s; .,r acting spontamMmtly and harmoniously t«>geti.er, ' they must consent t(. aband«.n them Andthinlly~ with no collision of antagonist interests, and apart j That the onlv nvM,n« nf ne..i,npl.slnn- tins, will }. from all p(ditic:il and party considerations, was de- ' by a system of improved and scientific cultivation: Ib-htful and refreshing, as well to the feelings as the by placing the agri.-ulture of the country upuii ,t. intellect Mr President, in times like these, after true basis, and raising the agricultural classes to a ftuch scenes of exciiement into wliich IVnnsylvania higher and more (^l.vated standanl ! Jf I cansuo- has lately been thrown, and especially on such occa- 1 cccl in doing this, 1 shall have ..btained all I desired. 8i(ms as this, it is good to inhale an iitmy the din of controversy, nor tainted ; ably ex}.ect. r • i r i with party p^d^mics— and when, moreover, we consi- ' i >f tlir importance and value of agri. uUuve. few, j der the olViccts whi<-h brought tog(>ther such an as- presume, an? now disposed to (lou»>t, whatevr their Hembly~the place of meetimr, (the metro])olis of this ui>inions may be as t.) their relatiV(Muerits cemparM old'indr(n..wned (\)mmMinvealtli,) a State not less with commerce and manufactures: 1 hat. wh._th.T famed for its love of liberty and order, than for its we eonsi.ler agriculture as an art, or in its ctte.fM ircneral intelli-ence- for iis'devotion t<. literature an, by peacea- our prosperity an.l free institutions must ever rcp<>s.«. ble ami patriotic means, to the attainmciit of- sufe and To maintain this it may be necessary to e„ntra>t n>o-ihmate ends; h cannot fail to make a deep and agriculture with the other branches of national in- i.i:tin.'im]>ression upon the hearts of all present, and dustry, here and elsewhere, as sources of nutienil ami \ wealth and greatness; and lollow it up with a nim- rre-^r objects for which your Society has been formed. | mary review of the agricultural condition and r;i|':i- AVhat American could witness the'scenes which hav.' ! city of most of tie Atlantic States ami the hk » tran-pire,l lu«re within the last three days, and not ; they i,ossesH for high and improved farmin-. l'^- feel deeply impressed and elevated? AVhose bosom i however, 1 am aware, is a subject np<'n ^yhicl, t ,>-r. did not thVob with exultation ? What l»ennsylvanian ' may be, and are, various oi.inions i ohtical writ. p. did not feel proud in being the citizen of ^uch a State? in all age have diflered more or less witli respect t^ 1 wish most sincerely, that not only the good people the true sources of the wealth of nati(ms-somt a^ of vour own State. Mr. Presione tiia n mrtS^^^^^ in yeur festivities ! ginat<'s! (^.nflicting, however, as these opmn-n lUT Then would 'there come from every hill-top an oi iiiiiii, II" «..ii.i i.^ i.'" 1' . J tain of them all. That agriculture is the art by ^vMij -^ these productions are multiplied, so as to meet It^ wants of civili/.ed man, and which are common to ai —to the agriculturist, to the manufa«'tur.T aie ^e man, as well as to the artist, the stahvsman. '^'}'\'''-\ ons and diversniea sous oi a maw ukc i rMii>>i>jim;v. : ui.i.., .»- "v.. ... ..- . - ^.i.rui tr-m This would be a field (.f endless extent, and as un- ! of letters-and as all cpia ly . erive their -^f^J^^ auitiible to an address of the character I am about to the cultivation of the earth, all must '^'V' '1^'' -^|^^,„ suitable to an address of the character I am about to deliver, as to the objects of vour society. Into such pendent u|)<>n it for bustenunce a field I ehall not enter. an Agricultural address is to be tested alouc in pro- llegariling it j 1 cs 01 vour society, jnio .nucu piTuvir ..i, ..j^... .. .^ . ~^- - i i • nre-onii- afield! Bhall not ont^r. If; therefore, tho value of 1 as the basis of all other arts, it justly ^'^^^'^^^r^^jti, s is to be tested alouc in pro- ' nenco over all others ; and such is its connection ^u ;dl tlie comforts of the human race, that it may justly !.,» Faid, in a political point ressions, until jdiiloso- phv and 8cienc<\ by teaclii?ig nn-n to think, 'liable theta to trace effects to tlu'ir true causes, and a>ort:\ iici' ; and lieiice it is, that CoMMKRcK. from th-' display it maki-s hcfor,- th<' worhl, lia*^ often been cou^hl-Ted the first and gr-at est atrent in the pro can reeeiv,> and absorb a very large quantity, which it d,,es not a-ain vidd up or part from, until it is reduced to a Iow.t tem],era- ture. If this occur in the hi-her r.-gions of the air, clouds are formed; and, by further :>tmospheric changes, these become condensed and are j.reeipita- ted, in whole or in part, as ruin. Ibit tbe atmosphere also, when reduced to a lower temperature, though IJO clouds be formed, parts with a i>orfion of it, moTs- ture in the form ofi dew. Next to air and water, the most important and most widely diffused compound substance is car/nun'r <-,/,/. which is a combination <.f oxygen and c;ub,,u. Car- bonic ludd is produced by the combustion of carbona- ceous matters in atmospheric air; also .birin- tie processes of petrefaction and fcrm..iuation. Jt i.s likewise a product of the act of breathing. It is commonly procured from limestone or marble, pieces of which arc jjlaced in a suitable apparatus (fig. 12), and muriatic acid diluted with wator being'' then ourt d ( n tin m. the rapid! \ developed gas is received, u a se.v.s,.|, lunler water in the ])neumatic trough.— r.g. 1-2. Hut if the pis be re.piired dvy, it Is to be passed ,,vpr d 7 . Iiloride of calcium in a horizontal tul>e, wlierely ! cvvy tra<-" of m:»isture is removed irom it. Carbonic , aci'! i^ about one asel a half tinnvs as heavv as com- m >n air. At the comiii<'ii temperature it is a color- , le.-.s, transparent gas. it eouibines readii> ^>ithwa- t r, and 1^ a't!ael«'d aiel absorbed bv it, and hence Moist • arth t.ik< s it no intlv. It is whollv uniitt<'J loi" i-< sjiiration, and does not support combustion. — A^ huge ipiantities of carljonic acid are developed by I deca\ ing vgetables, nundi of which is taken up and retfiiu. d ly wat^T. It is }»roba))le that it is thu:i intro- dtn-ed int(t plants ]\\ the absorjition of sui h wat-iT, and is then decomposed to appi-oj>riate the carbon. — lint phmts als(! absorb it from th'- atmosphere; an*l this app"ar.- to ],e t!ie principal modt? by whi(di tliiy -npply lhemsel\(^s with carbon. Another property of carhonic acid. Is. that it can be taken wp in exce*i8 by many siilc-fances. as hv water for example. ]Mar.y , snlistances whicdi are insoiulile in water conlainii.i; oidy a small portion of carbonic aci:cop« will deromp()s<^ sultstarices on which it would oth.:- wi»e ha\e little or n<. effect. Carbonic acid iscvoh«d in large (piantities, fr >m natural souri'cs, in volcanit' districts. It is frctpiently contaiied in wells aiiJ I I'axerns, and Is priMiuceij al>undantly^)y the explo- fi'u)U9. which occasiomilly occur in coal mines. It i^ alwavs nreseut in the air. beinir i:iv(Mj off bv the res- }>iration of animals, and by uniting with alkaline j biises. it forms an important chuss of salts, the car- boiKitry: all roduct.lon of" this ariicle, the suljihurous acid resulting from the combustion of sulphur, and \\hir (doini'nts are liberated, escape into the air, and are lost. But l>y the use of sidphuric acitl tin ir escaj>e is prevent- ed, the sulphuric acid combining with them and forming non-\olntil.' salt- -tlni- vtaininf and vn- dering them aNailalile as r-rtiii/.ers. as they suhsc- ■pieiitl_\ h-ciiin'- ilciN .mpov.j a;^'aiii, an 1 fi.iiii-!i nu- Ma nil lit f'l" 'irow. lo^ plaiit^ or crops. /V/''>y'//'// //• III I'/, a comliination of '•w^^i-w ai:! ' J hosjiliorU"<, is liki^wise a •-ubstani e of irreat imptut- ance to tic farneT. Tlii'- aeiil -j-ri-atlv [e-.mor.'s \\\,- gr(•^^ ill of plants, c\ en wlcn wat. r^'l v, it I, 'nix a \n eak Solution of it in wat'T. Sucli mannrih.:, liowe\er. would be vi'rv .'Xpi-n--i\ e, lint tic farm r iiit r 'liuce-* Jthoxph, ifie ;«.eid into flc' ^oih 'j-i'n'Tall V W ", ' !;• et 1 •■•ili.f awai'<' of tie- laet, -;ie '■ a!mo-.t < \>v\ dc>' ilji'p'n id* manure cudiraccs more or le.s.s suh-t. an ces coiiiaining cr(mbinati. the sub ^ .~^^''='^"'' atfniity of the sulphuric aeid f.r t!c> lime. phuric acid f.rni'Ml, colhM'ts in the large cist'^n or •'••^''^•'^ f'"'^'' ^"' "'"J"^'"""' h-iN ing the ph. -] Iim-Jc acid reservoir ]], A free current id" air mu^t be pr>\id(Ml i'> nn invohihle state. ^\ hibt ph..^pleric ail g-ne- f^r, so that there may never be a t i^ alx^orl.rd from decaying organic matter hy i 1 the i.uiUT F, and is coiiducted int<. the lead cham- hising plants : and thes,-. in turn, ..r th- ir products, i'^'i's by the tubes (;,(;. The suli.huric acid thus ol,- are .onMime.l hy nen an-l animal. The plophoric U\i\t a|.propriat.'d for the production of ]n,n.. and tl-'-^h, i' one of the )nost important compounds known: and ! '^ lit once returned to the soil iu the iorm of excre- Very extensive use is manre stat'' ii is whollv insobible in wa- ter; but in combination with oxviren, c^r in the i'orm Of sulphuric acid which c,nit"< with oxviren to form a «:dt, it beco.nn • mot /endily accessihle to plants. — >■ Uiphuri • r.ciu is also decomposed hv certain sul «tiinces, rod the liberated sulphur then uintes with < '^rtam otJa^ sul.stanres, as hvllo\\inc important properties. First, \i ah-^orbs very litt!' \sior and readily parts with it agam hence sandj, -oiN -jteed- ily become dry. Sfcoudlt/, it appears to be insoluble ^ionally, forced, in small quantity, into the tank con- in water ; though this is true only to a ccrUin extent 270 COMMUNICATIONS, [DKcrMiuR, ISD ro>[Mr^\TrATi().\s. r> »■> -• • < ^ I WW^aiMiMKw^ In peculiar circumstancos, it is decomposed and taken up tm food by plants, wliich re(iuiro larnjo (juan- tities of it for the formation of their solid parts — as, for instance, the stalkn, i^rasHCs, reeds, &c. SiliciouR earth is seldom found pure in sand, but generally in combination uith other Hubntancea, as potash, soda, lime, iron, &o., forming .siltrfi/r.9 with them, liut carbonic acid has a nmch greatci- aHinitv for these substances than thev have for siiicinus acid; and one <3onse(pience thereof is, tlcit. \vh ith them, the union bctweon them and the Nilicions arid is dissolved and t!iL' {V>rnia(i(»n of rc.rbonak.'^ is th',' result -the silicious acid nieauw liil-' rfinaininir uiit'.)!n})iniMl, is taken u]» in itn solubl" star*' l)^ tie- water and thus nuide avaiiald*' as fo^.d f'»i- jdants. (>xy;!;cn in (■<»mbiuati( eonditioo, fur the potash unit^^S with carbf»Tne acid and fornis ;i s;;vlt — | the carbonate (►f potash — \v!iic)i is ;i v,ry .-t)lnble sub- ! stance and a principal constitut^nt of most plants.— i*otaali is also found in com])ination with suljdiurit' acid, and tlien possesses great fcrtili/ini:^ prop(Mties. With nitric acid it forms . in which crop-, re- quiring large supplies of this substance are intmded to be grown. This may ))e eftectcd in \arions ways. < If the soil contain nnndi cla\. it also contaiie^ poiash, ' and it is only neces^-nv_\ to r<-nd'r tie' laM"r solul.l". wliieh is accomplisli'd l-y ihe iVe.pient use of the jdovv, tli'-reby looK.jiln^ the soil ami enabling it to absorb greater (piantities k>[' car}>onic acid. It thus becimies di^inte^^rated, !ind the potash is rendered soluble. .Again, tic jiota di may lie incorporated with ' the manure, and tlius be caustMl to pas.s throu"h a ' process of circulation similar lo that of the jdiosplio- ' ric acjd. Straw also comahis much potash, wiiich | 18 reti^rned to the soil in the manure. The soil may ! also b(\ supplied with potash by means of nideai hcd ashes, and by the cultivation of taproot«>d plants, to ' 1)0 plowed in, in a green statf» — ^]);^caus(> tli" Halts of \ p^)tash, bein^ liighly hohiMe, are rtnidily carried into the subsoil by rain '\vat<^r, and nmy ])e advantageous- ] ly restored to the surface by means of tap-rooted plants, grown and plowed in green. CiiLORiDEOF SoniiM. — Comnn.n Suit. The expe- rience of almoHt every farmer will now contirni the l.»onefit derived from tlie mixture of salt with thu food of cattle. It appears to be the natural and univ^Tsal stimulus to the digestive organs of animated beings. Iji this place, however, its medicinal power alone^is tlie subject of consideration. It id a purgative second to the epsoni bait*?. Thf necessity ot inrrcasing tlie rcrtilit> ef our koU — Deep plowi -g— i:conoini/.ing miinures, Mi{. Mditor:— In tin? able addres.s delivered at the State Agricultural Kxl»il,.iti<.n, we luue a striking jueture of the ruinous effects of exhausting tilla<'e, a.* exrniplified in some (.f the finest portions of our comr try. Nothing can present a louder call on the atteii- ti(.n (d' the patriot, or apj)eal more directly to tl)« pride and interest of tin; agriculturist. A general survey of our iddest States in regard to their pr.-sent productiv<'nes« would doubtless result in tlie .onchr- sion that wherever tin; land has been un\iinii n i,«, pamiui lo tniuK ol. in niaiiv parts of the country the prica- of lands has been great- ly depressed l»y this cause, wliilst in otln^-s, the ^am'- result has only been pn.'venteut this is eount(^raeted by the liiLrher yv'n-v of our land and its inferior f'ortilitv. Our mxt w.'sf- eni neighbor and vcaing sister, Ohio, i^roduces sev^^- ral millions of Imshels more wheat than we do everv • year, and twic»' the le evcrj ^inal fertilitv ef his 1;ind. lleason will sliew. that drop of this ]io,uid nianure. the fertilizing" materials applieil to the surfae" will Tlu' drainag.' of the cattle sheds eentains. it Ita'" nink into the gr^'un I hy the natural process cf intil- been said, the es«ential eh ments of vegetables in s trati'Mi occasictued h^ the nedting of sPii.w.-, and the >tate iff r-oluti^ ^n ; yi.ldieL: aniin' nda. pi'M-Ii, ^nda. absorption (d rain>^ and d-'W^. Ilains ha\e i^'in lini'', niajie'siu and "'ilica, with alhunien, mucii-^. |^,i,,-,vii t" J.,' let rate the oartli f u* several ]iundri(l fct (dilonne and s»'veral a':d>^. S > of the dr:iina.:e trou\ 'u-d".v tie- "surface, and the great variety (d' particles manure heaps and harns ;'.'d ^. ''on-istinLC 'd' n rine and wliicli adia!t;i-t''r to tie- growtli of plants and which the richest maltor of dunL' and comp ..[. 'fho wash- tr . :i|ip!i. d to tic -urface will lic carii'-d to \ari'ais <1 'pths. It i> known that the oarih is reph'te with (he seed- 'A' an iidinite vai'iety of plants, ^oin-' 'd' which ha\e •^oruiiLT njt spontaneously out of the ;2;ri»iind rai'-'cd from ;jreat depths and exp.os,Ml t<> tie .lir and -un. More treipiontl v still, it has bt.n oh served that th*' i''i""und raisi-d fioni tlie bnit-t'. \.-.. pr.-l'tir in aniniMnia. fatty matter'' rich in carh' !,;c ;i,M. and --"aj". a c inp'aitul of tal and ''•■da. 'Ih-' hiirhest evi- d'UC' li;i> l.» .11 j:i\.n < d' lie' inip'irtajice ot tie -<■ in- L'r.'dunt''. Ihe-..- lepiid.-"! applied diroctU tt) ihe grow- int' t'r(iO>. 1 ir til ill .Jiirf^ of V(»"-i't i 'oK' ri'Tnv < weoc^** '-tickheap'-, iV-., t" <-ia;\tTi th- ni into mai.tir.'. will out, has proved t«> h>' ni^re f'-rtih- and pioductive than ani}d\ rep:iv tie- rare l-'sf, ,\vd. the adjoining soil.whi.h had h ■••n enhisat d for 'i'],,. g;is,...,is rxhalaii !i carrir-. o*}' 'lie carbonie many years. No on . .-an -uppo.-o that all th ■ mine- I J^^.;,l ,i,,,{ j),, vegetaM- and aniin.d ^-ihstances in the ral, vegetable, and anima! matter, which has been ^ „jj^„^j,,. ^^..^j, .j^,,,,,^, ^i^,. ].r re- ' r|,|^^„^. ^,^.,.^^^^. ^^^ ^j^,. r.rTn of ammonia and carbon.: maincdVithin six iied,... ,,f the surlace. 1 he verx ^j.^^ i,,j,,_, ,|,,. p_j j,.^,., ,.|- ji^.. ,„.,,,,, p. ,vhieh evaj.- tendeney of ve-etation to push its roe.ts downwards j,.^^,.^ (-j.^^^ 'f he maxim i-^. that •' n-. thin- b- all-w.-d in search of fo(Hl in-truct^ u< better. De.-p p!owinu^ ^^ run awa\ in th- hrm of a lluid. ^r :In away in the tiiereforc, is suggc-t-'d ly the >iniple intV'rmation nj ,liv,r|,i^.. ,,C;i v.,,,' 11 ' common sense. | ,, • , . ♦ ,i r » ii ! • i >> itli Vivp, ,t to tlie rciu-e v«»gota''l.' ai.i annnil But that alone is n^t ^aif!ici'!!t. Nothin-^ can full;, matt' r- of tlw farm, it inav b- stat.-d, ili it \s!!a'e\er r»'store and maintain tic worn out .-^od, but the actual ha-^ liad lif-or eMntains the nrif"ria!- d" w' p h t'c addition of fertili/.ing materiab to the surfac tV< ni lis ing ^tian-tur" i^ conij" - d. iiii;:;Iit t- I^e pre^' r\e I with Mr: thus returning to it wdiat tlie course of for- for manui'e. Hence th" \arious weed-, -tuldde, ner idla^re liad abstracted. All veir,. t:\tion dejieiid- gra-^. b'a^e-. dit«di--('ourinL'^. saw \ai-ious jiarts, and enable the organ- in furnishing direetly the proper c>'nstitiiii:s , ,f fu- of the vegetal.!' to elaln-rate its .structure. Main'.re> tore \ e;j:"tati"n. "V f.r admixture witli ntlea- hi;^hlv " " I e e -■ . are those mat' I'ials which supplv plants, directiv or ay."ti/ed riN Ing otf during decomposition much e^ir- cflieacy and ( e.,uoniy. It al^o enables him to aei u- lu.nic aci-l and ainmouia. Tt !ia- ].rcn found by a*> mulate and j.rev,.i^,. i],^ essential fot-'d of plant.*', tual analj. ^is. that 1 '• 1 !hs. o} tle-li. h. -n-s. M. . d urtd wheh c sutT'-red. to sm extent (pilte in(>redihl". to go I hair, c{ drainage trom barn-yards, ' manure, and a carcass of a dea'i hor^e i.>. believed to cattle sheds, nutuure heaps, and kitchens; of animal be worth more ihan a in of Uic Ixjst quality of such Hud vegetable refuse and offals, and i\Un in the form | manure. of gaseous exhalations from the.se sources. Lieldg ' The above remark^ indicate the necessity of much toys — '• that witli every pound of ammonia which ' -creator attention to the collection and preservation .« .^^^. fW I "1 .. .a? '•j.-i .">- - ■■♦- tT¥'^^. 272 nOMMl'M(\\TTONS. . . mi ^■urjr-m*,^imtvmiifn ^y-i*»y--w^MW>-ii'-4a wrrommfrtrmu ix JlJJLLLll i"nrrrM!;rR of manures than has heretofore been given to the hu1>- ject. Combined with proper de])th of plowin*?, and a suitable application of fertilizin;; conntitucnts to tlH> ' crops accordlnjr to their nature, it is {'Mnfidcntly be- 1 lievoljthat the care and Hkill of tlie fanner thuK tin ployed, would be ininiediately rewui drd hy tin- ;;r('!it j OHt yield, at the smallest cost; whieli must ever 1h' the aim of the highest eultivaiion. Should it be tliought desirable to junxn.' tin sub- ject, it may hereafter bn in({uir(Ml wluit is the best plan for economi/inii; l!i.' niMnircs \Nlii.-b niav be made upon tin- r.i.-ni — \sith mfnrence to ijuantity. (piality atnl ixprns.'. A. L. 11. JAinca.slcr, jS'oc. IT. l.^ol. Aj^rirulieral Xuisiiuces, \o. I. riGEON \vLi;i>, >io\j \\ KF.n, ?Tv)\n sf.kd, im.^k l.hom- WF,M., AVllKAT IlIIKF, STF.KV t ICOlT. Prcnrh, (Jremil des i|i;nnp«. (,'i iiiinn. Acker stt'in- aame. Llthosperninin ar\« ns^. Luni'rjis. The genus was estabiisiied by Tourni'ff.rtn : it now contains about sixty species. s»y <.( wM-li no n uivo^ of the United S{;if"s, ami tw" or tlii-tM' forci^rn ones have been introduc<.'d. 'i'lw^ n.nn' i- dcrivrd frMin tin' Greek Llthos, a stone, and s-jrrnKi, a seed, from thn at;)ny hard a[t[earanoe of tlu^ seeds. The one under consideration is a native of Kurope, but is extensively naturalized, and in this munty it i.s a very serious nuisance. It Indoiii^s to tbn 5tb ciasij P'Mitatnliia, and 1st ordrr Mono}i;ynia. in tli»' Artitifial system of i/mn;»'u>-. -to »»rdrr li^liotropna' of Kn ilieher, and iioraL:;ina(M'jL' in n iin In-s bij^li, usually nnndi })raindn'(|, ami ro\('rod with l.Tistln-Jikn hairs. The l^aNn-j aro from ' m- to ojic ami a half inches lon^ annKill, of a fuinnd form, in the nxles of the leaves generally near the toj> of the stem, yellowish, or white. The seed^ are four naked, rough, long nut- let^, at first milk ^^hite ini( brt)\vnish wdn'U nniture. This plant often almost covers the wlu^at fiidds in May, and seems to be peculiarly destructive to wheat. and when it once gets into the ground it is (juite difti cult to exterminate. It is never vei-y |)ad, if it does not get a start in the fall, but early si>.,vc(l v> in^nt of- ten suffers 8eriousl3\ Once ploughing, and that quite latt\ has ])een tried with success, jbit rotation of erop^ ami coirovidcd the plant is kept from producing a fresh supply. In harv(>sting the wln-it. it should be cut above the t<»p of this wc(^d, if m>t. ii will be necessary to destroy the .^traw. for if the seeds arc carried into the barn yard, there is but a poor prospect uf getting rid of the phmt on the farm. J. M. McMIxN. UnioHvine, XovA^, 1851. Birds and In^rrts. Mr. Kmtor:— In a forimT numl.T of s.„ir .Jour- nal, 1 (deserved a eommunicati(Ui, eallin^' ijio atten- tion of readers to (in. importanc ,,f f;irnn«rs prevent- ing, as far a.- pus.siijle. the \vanton deMrmtion of in- sectivorous birds. At the tJnu' th- .irtlelr appeann], I was doepdy impressed with the importance of thf subj<'et, and sul-e(|uent rdleetion has stren'^-thent-d mv ini jii'<'v>ion<. \\ hy bii-d'^ should be made the snbj.Tt nf v,;, ], .jj^ • ■xt"rnii!niting warlare a^ is now wage,} au^'iin->t ili.iii and why farnnrswill jtermit this work Souml IVuits, fine \cL':etables, oi- e\rii go.id timbci- will pTmltlhesc Inroads of guniu'rs upon lii.> pri^nuM'^. T am \('ry well aware tliat m my farnn'r> eun-id.r the destruction of bir«ls a small evil, while oiIkts, al- though convim'"d of the iiupoi-tance of tlie nialtcr, good naturedly permit it, rather than dri\ e froia their farm-^ the hi/y hdiuws whoin\ade ji Inr thi- piu-peso. To those vvli(» con^iih'rthe evil i'm> nf-^nnill magni- tinle. 1 wiMild ^;ay, that the re-ading of the able arti- cles oil l.ntonndi ■Liy Nshn h ha\i' reninlv aiMx'ftrod in your Jouina!. ought to satisfy tliem that iioxloii!* insects are alarmingly on the increase, ami tliat un- le«.,s a (dieck be put upou tlic dcslruciiou of birds, wo Nhall so,)ji be oNerrun by insec^ts to sn(di an ext..ritas will Set all our efforts to get rid. of them ;\t (f'tiaiioe. .\lready we ha\c ctiniplaints from e\erv ona'-ter. — Th" ra\ages of the eoreulio are -.'■■n e\e!\ whore, and exjM'rinnMits are making in ev.'r\- dir'Tii-^n for the purj)ov(> (if a'-certaiinng swunMmthod ],\ w ]\\v\i t*» iret rid of thetn. Twenty years aiC", it wa-> ui^t known as a dan^rerou*^ enemv to fruit ;:roweri«, and i^ven uow. comparatively few persons km>w what in-e,t it is that stings tlu^ir ehoici? fruit and cause-; it piciin turely to decay and fall to the gr(»und. More atten- tion to this sjibje.-t is imperati\ely demanded by th" ■xie-encies o f tl le ca^^' To the farmer \vho i^ 'too g,.o.l natuv 1 f.. drive trom hi- ]»i'ennse< the la/.v fell«.u>i who prowl around them, de-troying the little bird^, breakiuLi; d^wn th'' fencing, and very frequently carrying awav i'\>'V^ thinji thev can lav Indfl of. I would sav, eea-e [o be good mitured in this particular, I»v jternnttin;:; such work to go on. yiai arc inflicting a stM'iou-; e\i! upon vours<>i\ es and U[ton the counnunitv. N'Ci are cn- eouj-aging idleness and wanton crudtN. J.et ]>ubho warning notices l«e given. This (^an be done at a comparativelv tritlin;r cost, where ei]'all shortly be compelled to do without fruit^s. T. S. CrRTiJ. Kac. 15, IS.')!. « i l^-iM TTORTICULTrRAL. 27.' J n in- ...-^J>'- Ijorticultural Department. American Seedling I'ear^. >Ii;. Kmioi;: nf r-m-se yon an I 1 nv ui'ac.puunt- I d, exc(^j»t thi-' II. Ji t!ie e uumn- ofihr i h, ' i' I'lhi lisf, \s here I iVcipi'MiOv see yur iianc. I ..1,-. r\,' that vou nav eon>i''ei-ai !■' alt 'nlioii to pears and esp"cial- Iv American siMtUiug pears. V^v --:n" time I r^w- duetelanOhio nursery, but 1 am imw located o\\ a hir"-e tract of thin ehesnut land, or rather land with ,i ^reat mixture of timber including several varieties ^ undnMl acres of the best fruit ridges I have seen ijc tween the great lakes ane. I .j.ali iaid a" high >tand,.rd in i;^!,; and b-ave a .MU.il- liuibtopro\ • (he see(llin". 1' \\'\\w: \\ pos...iJ,l,. ihat vou or some nf vour In-r- ticulttnMl fii. iid~ nn-h' lak • interest in thl- matter and sejnl me .mall trees <,r seeds, I have a only, as I have verv mimerous \ariotie* ,.,,., , 1 . . Tlnl.„i;. "'"l"'^^''^^*'^ ^^'"1 'M'b'""^ '"'^inng, from which I am eul- I oak, hickory, poidar, dogwood, cVe. Ihe lan^ f''^^" "f my speculations and huits s(ddom fail, and mv young orchard had a nio- P^*'^^*^'^-^'"' fbrgetting perhaps, the many opportunities *lerate cn.p this year, one Jf irieat failure in the west, y^'' ^'•^'•' h i\\ \ "U ih ,11 - ' f tr as laud is concerned, I am admiraldy sitmit'd for luitiiig large orchards, and mv w!d profession of mirserym-an enables me to hope 1 am not wholly in- e'>ni]ubj«M't of fruit cul ii^i'i'U mv e(.n\er.se is chietK w'w'w trees as the' • gn»w in th" nur>ery. or a- they are to be removed from the primeval fi»rest— giants t 1 - made to t^ive way to the pigmie- I ha\e reared. .\ trieatwhiii wind, however, twenty-thre" years ago, di 1 mo>^t of the iriant work for m'\ and 1 have to conteml < hieflv \\ rJi a d'-n>e y -ung growth wliiidi ^piani.: np aft-T 'hi' -•■•!in. \\i;!rh h'fr n .t .1 U- ■■■ in (!.■■ main line «,f i' - e iu:--". It tlir^'W fh-' i-p- fi. in ■ ^tle'!- -id- inward, and twi-ii-.'i laim'T'Mi- hi' k.ii'"- "f i-'>n^id' :■ i! '!■■ si/a-, -ay tV^m i \', . !\r ti. (\\'ai!_\ ineiies. a- a nniii SNw.l.i .^ \\ithe. N '.N i'lrili pra^ (i«Mvs and -p .nl.it i. n-. 1. I d''id.'d1y pref.'r to grow .all t!;. li:irdi.-: \ ari - fi'- "1 lie- apple, pear aud pea(di mi tin ir own ro-it.-, i Ijelieve the trees ar«' lunger-lived and tin- fruit mor'- perfect, and beside, in the event of any injury a sprou; 'Rising to a person who. \\V. ,„v. If had ph ntv , f ' ^''^''' ''■'"" ^^^" "'"^ ''^^^>' "''l^''^'-^ =""' '"•^"veniently re- ^••H-m and who would tak. 'In^ tionl.h t,. n,a,k \\r n, »''":' '''l^ ^''' ' ' "* '' *:""^*'"^'^^ '-'^' "'> ^"'-^ ^^ ^ ' and infi.ri*. n, ,, , (• .1 ', <. f -1 M p'il''i i"i" -III", tree a- it>; own. i .mi n 't prepared 'luu nuorm t!iem ot tiie ri mhi. ( M- tw Inrni-h ^mall ^ * . ' * tvickio-ou ^+- . 1 i- .1 t • . • ,- 1 , i ^^ •"''^V trees sometimes niav in-t flourish bett?r wl;jr.,i l».n wages 01 seeds from tiie choicest varieties, but es- , * ., neei'ilU r,.« „. *u i ^ » • n- the soil or climate are ^erv uncongenial, on a stec : i" (-laiij trom the very best American seedhnj-s, on , , . . , ,. * .T , • cniulo;,,,-. ♦! .1111 xi 1 . 1 , , better suited to such (dimate or soli : but. Ill mv opm- '"'Huiion tl-aii 1 -hould grow the seeds m eaeli pack- I . , ,. , . • ^ ;, . . arrosoranw 1 i i • i . ■ . • ^ '""• thecascsarc verv few, and rarely it at all witli -^M soparately. marke.l uiili i... nai I tiw .•.-ntri- ,, , ,. ^i ' i i i- / » , ].,,t^. , . . tlic atlent! 'U ol (!;• market i.rehardist. AtadcM, rooi ^utor, and il any one or m*)re id ih-m -h-aild prove r. . , ,■ , , . , r .1 thio n..ii •. r. 1 • 1 .,- , 1 grafted so a> tip .ititr n. 1 take root, 1 • perfectlv a»o, call it after Inm or nn^mbcr:, -d hi- t.imilv. " ,, • , , , ' , n n i> * , _ • welb "I 1 aiseu trom hiyers do ecpially well. 1 ears >>hen it is recollected the time and culture neccs- 1 would do equally w(dl,Yut the graf> in seven cascp J^ary to produce a bearing state, it seems to m. I otVer out often rots, an.l very fre«|Uently the stock dies.— to make the honor of originating fine fruits to city To meet this diflioulty,'l bud the stock and then lay - amateurs very cheap. 1 have a.s yet only about thirty | er the bud when about a foot long, the first summer, acres m orchard, but I have room for mofe than five ' If the stock !s strong. I insert several buds and whf'u » ■m' % *U'« '%:*',^l;St.ifl [DECF.31nKR^ :TG TTOr/nCULTURAL. l'»(.r buds arc about foot long bring the whole under | Itonovatiiif; < intrusts. ground bj cutting the stock about twc-thlrd.s ofl' ;\nd j ^^'«- Ki>itor:— In a cotcmporary work is a Ion' ■shaving it off to the root so as to ])cnd over easily and | artiolo with extended rcniarks l>v th(» editor reooin^ »:' ts.u.i IlnHTKTLTrRAI. .^ornVI'I KS. ritliout breaking. But when 1 have once attained I variety on its roots?, I can multiidy it b«jth b}' la}- .Ts and by divisions of the roots. I must confess, however, they are sometimes tardy ingrowincr. T\\o most successful mode I have tri<;d, i.i to shave d-)\\n the stalk about six inches above the grounper d-'pth into the ground, cut I '^'"*''^ '■a''t*'d away. All r. .;)ts eucuuntered smnofMy jt half cflfis ift ongueiiig it and shave the lnyer side ; <''it nft'. Tlu^ tren^dics were filled with thi-* top . urth of the upper di\ision so as it will bend snugly, und ''"'^ ^^^''^^i^^ '"'^''^ which had be'ii ex}>CMMl t" JiM-r. then insert II Iik the ground in an upright jio>ition — ! and sun ; c[irerully njixed with charci>;il and ;t>h.'i .'-onietinu'S fii-st tying a le-ather string right in the up- I one ti'utli. ].. tash, sulpli^ite ;uid oxide of ire.n. an,! |,|ji per part of the open s]>lit, so as to {' each alH.ut one p ,und.t 'l'b'> l'>\\i\^- (Uitoffthe circulation betwcn the layerand root, and "'"n "^i'lin;; the trees were seven ly l»ead(^(l in, at tli- fcln^reby force it to form its o-smi roots. With peaches | same tini" insertii>g. in sonu' branches, grafts of th.* and apples this is almost »'ertain to be successful the : P»artlett. Tlu^so Hcieu.-i as well ;is the origin. il stock first year, but pears are ofn i\ refractory. 2. Next (for my sheet is alniovt full i T have ob- served that chance trees grow linelv \^hen thevsin-in" up in places where there i-; <'ondderable decavin" brush ] ones, &c. Following this idea u)> f hav(^ tried throwing brush arouicl young trees no thick as to keep the weeds and grass down — in other words, to mulch with brush with the loavf s on. Tt answers well. Pursuing the same idea still further. T am having holes dug four !'e(»t in diani'ter right thr(High a portion of the ])ruiiiittr«'d the mortar I'l winch fiirmshtdaj-. around the trees which will give earji tr- e (piite a aiuuniidxc. ^_ handsome (piantity, so as to keep tic root^, nini^t and \ CJerniinalion t.C C'luver Seed, cool for a considcrablo di.stancc. and the decay c^f the i Mk. Kiutok : Con.vivin"- that it nii-ht be ..f r.r.i.- leaves and Inrush, I hope, will act as a manure and j tical fenclit to p*>rhaps a f^w of the readers ef tlit* keep the ground >o loose as t(»render plowing and hoe- j 7.',^,. „, Jnirninl, I \^\\\ state a plan of se.airing th- ing unnci-essary. I will try oidy a few acres this Lr,.rmination (or as soroe term it) the taking .4^1.) year. AVill it do? May it not ])revent blight and y^r Seed. It is a w.dl known fact that with old lan«U make trees longer lived, from th.> absence of wounds ^^hich have und-rgone a continued course ol^ ealilui from plowing .and,esp<^^cially clo- grew vigoi-on>ly but the pears produ.'off, on ihe ]y tcr, were craeked and worthless. Looking with in terest f >r a cro]» last autumn you uiav |U'ij.ointm"nt to fuel tlienj worthless as before.— But what is strange y^^t .lot new, the Bartlett ]^<-;\Ti grown on the engrafted limbs were {^-ri'M t. Now until it is demonstrated by chemical analysis, that. Doyennes contain elementary constituents which Bart- lett's do not, w.^ must be allowed to dissent from tht^ cnWrt chemical theorT, as wi 11 as this hv>anure-i alto- gether on top. Yours, E. >.it hols. Walhounding, Coshocton co., Ohio, Scj>f. l>ol. [The above communication, not originally intenveral times reconiiO' nded us beini: of great utility in securing tiie germination of ('h'\''r it is simply this. Take a very light one horse iren by a friend to whom it was addres.sed. We ,,,,,^,t j t^>^^t5i' '^ '^^^^row with the teeth protruding ab. ut .> •^ ' - • s ; let erfullv give it a place, nnd at the same time, ask i ^"•'''^' ^^^'''' ^^^'' "'^'^* ' ''"'^'^ ''^ ^^''^ ^'"'^^"^^ ''' Uu-^J^^ it the' attention of thsse who feel an interest in the ' ^^'''^ ^"^^"^' "^'^"^^'^b' -^''t^ r the so^er. Tl)e frame shouhl \ the Dart ' '^^ '»»ado as light as possibh^ with the teeth a li'd<' clo.^or than the ordina-ry large harrow. It shoiiM h^ hinged in order to avoid scrn]ung or rubbing out di-* wheat on the riviges and ulso to lap in the furrows.— There need be no fear of injuring the wheal hul ^^^ th« contrary it would be of benefU to it. I have pur sued the above plan and it has uv(»rreached my most saiu^uine expectation. CuASL£b MvERS. cheerfi for [►ropagation of seedling fruits. The (dT- r en tin' | of Mr. Nichols, is certainlv a liberal one, and if em- braced to any extent, niight result most advantage- (msly to the fruit growing interest <lvaniai ll«»rticul(ural So- ciety. The stated meeting of this Society was held in the Chinese Saloon, rhiladelj.hia, on 'fu.'sday evening, ' Snveinber IH, l<^r>l. Tic I're^ident in tie- (hair. — \ '\\\\^ Ix'in*' tin.' sho\\ niL^ht for ( 'hrysantloninni-. there j were ei'dit collection' pre-mted ; in whi-h u-r- ma-' nv of the choi(!est kiiols ; the contributors \n . re Kehcrt Buist. dames iiisset, gardener to das. I Mm lias; (ieo. N"rth, .Maurice Kinn.tbihn iiainbert's M;ar- lentT ; Alex:'.nd(a- Parker and Jno. f^llis, gardemr fo Caleb Cope. The collccti<:n by the latter con-i^ie(l .)f those new and beautil'ul varieties called the IaU- yxiiian vhivh has but recently been iinport'd. and j ;or the first time shown ; and are decidedly ilo- pnt riot of this nil) ' of plants. A ctillcction <>[' plaiit> in I' 't^ bv M:'Mrit-e Finn, garderuu' to Jno. IcimlMrt wa^ interesting. The I'resident's gardener exhibited lUiether of tho-e e\(|uisitely beautiful }>askets i«| cut {lowers wliich h:L-> gra«'ed the tables on former occa- jiioii-, conta/miog the (dioicest llowers of his lenses, of which many were from air plants ; but as licrt^to- fwre the crowning flower wa'« tho Virfon'a rrr/ia, the -lili production of th':* plant, although of -mall' r^ preportions thm those born*- by the plant \slii n in tull ^igour, still it was u. perfect gem, iiiid mu h a 1 inireil. \ '.Cong the tVuits \\ ere three teuipting lonoli- •w (if iilack Hamburg (irap"s from II. \\ . S. ("ieve-| laud. Burlington, and beautitul specimens cd" Fears, ' i«>ine luscious in taste, which came from H. \V. S. i ''lc\>»land, Isaac B. Baxter. .\. W . Boe of WOinil ury. A. M. Kastwick, d. T. Cushing. Mass., the I>ix : and ;* specimen of the pouml Bear whieh weighed 'J.~ ounces, from the lat- State Bair at llarrisburg. Se- veral dishes of apples were also shown, and tVom Ba\id Milh r. di-., Cirlisle, the Balh u walhr, Bitt-j hurgftipjtin, Better-than-g(H)il and Herman's I'avorite: from das. 11. ^\■.l;ts, of Bocdn^stcr. the Nortliern Spy ; ' Cha*^. Lee, B- no \ an. N. V., the Wagem-r; Matlcw Makie, the <'lyde beauty. Of Vegetables. Anthony Hilton, dr.. (xh.ibiied extensive tabb-.s ; and M auric* ■ Kinn. gardener tt) John Lambert, dohn (Jallagher, ■gardener to .Miss (Iratz, and 'fhoj^. Meehan, gard-ner' to .\. .M. B.a^twick. \ery creditable displays, ind* ed. A iM li>!i of iiinnense proportions was noticed Iroiu the farm of Mi, lia. I Magee, ..f Lower Merion. 1 h" fMll,,\v;ng premiums were awarded ]iy the B<'nunitteeon plants and Flowers : ('hrt/sajithrjfium.t, for the best 12 speciin-Mis to Bobt. Bui^t ; f .r tlo- sec- ond best, to dames Bissct, garun- das; plants in ;>o^.v, for tlie 2nd best and most inte- resting collection to Maurice Finn, gardener to d .hn Lainhert : for the third best to d(d»n Fllis, garden-r to Cuhvb Cope ; JioiKpLct, for the second best to Bobt. ^v^ott; for the best hand boU(piet, to B(d>ert Kilving- ton and for the best basket of cut tlowers to John Idli". By the Committee on Fruits •; /Varv^-. for the best twelve specimens to 11. W. S. (develand ; for the sec- '^"■1 best, t<-) Isaac B. Baxter; Apples, f;.'r the best twelve ipoeimens to dames H. Watts. Bochest-r. .\ . ^.: for the soeond best to (diaries Lee, Bhuu Van. 'V \. And a -pe-ial premium of two dollars for three bun. dies ot black llamburgdrapes to 11. W. S. r the second best t<> dohn (iallagher. Ami a special pr- mium of tw<» : The t;i-i <'ommitlee respCi'tlully report that --iic »' th l.a.-t. me( iin;r ot" the Soci-tv the f'lh.'winu' fruit - l;a\' bo.-n rec» i \ eil : I I'ln l>a\id .^li!Iel•. ,lr.. of ("arli-Je; A) }>!• s, ller nKin'> ia\virite. Bittsbur^ Bij.pin, B- ucr than good, donathan. I'allen \\ ahh r, \andi\eir. IBttlerii-b see-|li(,,_r^ (i,>,l ia\orite. Fall -w-'.-tinH- j'l-. m .1. B. (ii-hit)'/; /*''/r>", the hix 111 L'rf'at jn^rf' et i, n, \erv tile-. F.i'in .bimoM jj. Watts, B uh* - t-r ; Aj>j'lf', th" N '0-; hji! s, the \\ agen^r. Tic Bi'i'sid' li! to.ik "oca-iiin t" make ,n, inc- ri maik«« Knderin'j; hi"- ai kriow h-dencnts for the unt vptrted co?nplinn nt by the Soci.r v < t tic rianib' n)e a\\ ai d of ihc gold medal for his ha\ing succes.sl'uliy culli\at<'d the Vi'f'-rid ri'ji>i, and to ani.oun<'> that In- h.a 1 just rccived a \erv int- ri^stini: !• tier {V-m >:r \V i.o. d. 1 b "'k* r, "f the Bri\ al < l;i''d' li** at K • \v, 1 w iitio-e (•a.me the seeds «d this \ iit- ria v hi' h v.asrea'i. in which le- stated that he was nin<'!i graliti-d \si'h the suc- cess which crowned ^!r. C'<»pe's exertions in the cul- tivation of tie \'icti»ria. 1 1 • ;i!' > rennirke.l that h« had sent seeds of the plant to Calcutta and tin- ^\ est I tidies, and tliat phmt- had gr- vvn in th-- op. n w .;!.'p« and ripened S'mmI'' abunduiiMv. Mi-.<".,pf vt;it."i \\\.\i t!;.' p!ar>t which he bid ;.T"wing the gar h-n tank. ba'I.Nslieu it was taken up a t''W days ago two tioXNcf buds ihereon. A eonimunlcatioii fr "in \. II. Brii.-it, Bi''s;d.iif ol tli" ( 'iocioiiatti 1 lorticwlni'-a! S'Miciy, • Apr- -'•ii'g a d»'sire to haNe sueli ww aiTiUL:' ni' nt (*>t the i_'reat Ft- hi 1 iti' a I ■< of the promim lit Horticultural S. .eiet ies. that the members rti]iriate i\ mmittee. The Committee on establishing j.reiniuiU'i report a Schedule for Ih'cJ. Thirt'-tjn member? elected. TnoM.\.S B. d \MK^ Record in<: See' v. Comnuiuications. Caloini'l tor ( hlrkfiis, Mk. Fi>iroH:--As so)u<- of your readers may h^v^r chickens suffering m ifh a discai'- similar to that whivdi 1 am about to describe, the m-ans J.ywfii h I suc- ceeded in relieving min". nny m^t pr.'Ve uninterest- ing to tliem. A }' w \ve,^ks since a favorite hen of six month-* r,| !, b-i^'Ttn to dr^op, and s"on aft- r I ol.s.ir\,(i ior gasp- in ' in -uidj ft manu' r a." hi me to believe that nhe v^as tr-'ubled with the fasci .l:i*, the small parasite Wv-jTiu. which sonntimes a'lher-s to tht^ inu'T m'an- brane of voung chickens' windpipe. ID-l. r t'ii>' im- pression 1 admini^t/^red turpentiu'^. but with ic» oth. r perceptible effect, than to inert a-^e the hen's illue»:«. A slender wire, and subsequently a bmall f-ather d^ vested of iti web, except at the farther end, were us«^tl 278 COMMrxrCATIONS. [DrcEMfrKir, rOMNirXTC ATlnyp •> 79 ♦ Tir'K'msr^^''*"** W*JfW .? 1 1 ■ ^rwa -v^-tmwaK: tjji to dislodge tlie worms, hut witlxnit siiccoss. A mix- ture of black pep]Hr and fresh butter was irxL ^l\.n ber, and tbis, lik«'. the other two rcii\ki).| "^'o subjoin :i rts, witli u ctuab At this time the condition < i' tin !i. u wn-; ' loiif synopsis of the remarks made by th'' ^<'ntlrnii'i> truly pitiable. 'J'lie disease had so weakened her, i especially complimented. that she could scarcely walk, and 1 bejran {.> tliink j ^^^ AVlUiamson, of lluntin.i^'don, proposcMl tL- her a " f:;onc case." A white foam completely cover- h, ilih n\' ili^ !l )M. Tredevirk Watts, l*r«'sideut of tlu* ed both her eyes, so tliat it was impossible for her to I' ini^N!' uiia State A^^ricuUural Society. hce. She refused food and drink e]itir ioial duti.'S, wiii^-li i>rovc!itt d hi-, attendin-" two calomel pills roiitaMiiM;j:_une ^n-alo ( a li. a'ld i!;ave |li.« fanm-r's eniivrnti'Mi la-t Janiiur;.. ulaii the So- tluMU to la'i'. It ^\as \\'\\\\ li'.it faint li.i['-- > 4' hct-inL:; ' cicty was (.r;j:ani/j- 1. W >\)^>kr of ilif uiiiuistak;il! - lier alive tlie next moiniii;:.- tlial I j.ho i .1 Ikm- in a cvideocc (•! l*rn\ id.'Ui'c li;i\ in-, ui a ]"', iiliar rumuii'r, Comfurliibl'' i;o;)|». Miiriiiit iiiv --ufjirise. in the morn- favoiT(l tie- eilbrts of ihr s. tleTc stood mv hon, leT tile eofifid-ti'M' in it,« a] oro\in;r -mil-^ u'ud al/uliu- eves perfectly clean of foam, a.nil th" Lia -tjiin;;- ju'.uly in'otcrtion. lli^ r nm-it li-tonedto with \n-'i- L;one. 1 offered sonns food, anIi:^ h. ^-le- dov^airt'd wiih found atonliou. and iii-oirrd a.il ]irr'-.'']it Nsith tin' much a]>])arent relish. She also drank ^vat•-r (V'^elv >ane' roiiful' tic-', in a !on<^ and iijirti.il • ar.;er (tf u>i'- and from that dav she has continu<'d im|»i-osin^. — fnln-^., in the ^j^ood work.-o wrjl ho-cn, and carri'.'J AVhether tin; cure is t(» l)e alirihiiiod t" tho raIoni«d ,,n^ sint-o th' >..ci(iv iiad 1>" n ii'.-iitutod. or to 8ome other of the o!h''r n ne'dic-. I will not \)Vr- (\d. Fr,i/., an afteetion «d" ihe lead, \\hirh ^jTiadingt hrongli rontau.li ai , 1 dn;\ hiiu-'df. P.nt in'i-i>ne di a- \\<- had tliH lielloT >, an' 1 • f acting undfi- thi- distinuui-h''d statoviu.iu *; \ ir- tliMTTrn* ucfti n".t"-"' ['"•'""- " 1 •-- - . . , ., . , 1- • 1 ^ . » .1 V the eiilir.' fliM'k. IS to eia^i ott tie fn'ativoi tlio^eliist - I .... , ,,M 1 ,,.,,.1, :,, tn; • ..MM.i.-rl. ^t ,. <^'"nri of St. damf<. h" ''Aa.s"con>*.vain''d t> iiai)re\ • affected. UeTi' mav lu^ truth m tlii>. although v, e _ ■ 1 ■\ f w :,, TmI! i\.n]v -n-p r-n-.'lv -if the moinrni In thankimj,- the cotnpanv f t tin' heiMi- ("innot '-u I i^'i'i 1 1(« to It 1 n 1 1I 1 ! . i < »v\ is a. m i .j m i \ ai - - ■ i • 1 ■ .-1 .1 ■ o ; ,- . . ,>fl>cw,l 1 .«f ^j-h; .h thi'V had done his friend in drinking; lii^ h« ahli. taek''d with It nniii thc\ an- -i.'^: nionth'* ol.l, at\Ahifh ^ ^ tarn- thrv arc not in lull pluhi-ago. KxpoMiiv to tliL' The Pr. .sident tlim ga\( — The pionr-T ,.t tir chillin^ rains and cold winds of antiiini\ and wintro\aiU, aets ; terward- ( njoinod. hr all'.ah'd to Mr. ( iowen. powerfully upon their scantily protected bodies, and | Mr. (J. being called upon ^aid. that wleMi the tofist the result is cold, wdiich settles in the head and throat, i ^ya* pr..p..-ed. he did not th'nk it r. ferred to him- causing^the discharge from tle^ nr.strils and IVerjuently \{,. ^,.\^ .«,niurwhat eniharra^s.Mh if not ov.iwlirlmod. the eyes — great dilfeultv in ro-piralion. and -ueh in- Py the llattning p..>.itinn in whi.di it placed him.— flammation of the tlir(»at as make, ^wall^w lug pain- 'ppe Philadeinhia ^--iofv for i.r.inotin- a'j;rieultiir'' I ' I ful. Wo have never known a case 'd roup, where ,,r Nshi.di jio wa^ f.r years a zealou< m .luber, ami the fowls have not suffered from exposure, alth.'>i.;h it is proper to say that our opportunities for (d)serva- tion have «ot been very extensi\e. Our frimd 'I'ag- cart, of Northnn\berland. or some otlni,- td" (air I'OrpespondentH will do us a favor by furnishing more satisfactory information up»e.i liii^ suhiiu t. lio. It is said that there is a plant, growing in the hot springs in Iceland, wl ich not only flowers, but bears seeds, in water hot enough to l>oil an egg. We don't believe it. ni'W ii- ih'esidoth sections of the State to co-operat^' liir' H'ver-todje-forgott'Mi farni'^r's convention at liar- | more eftieiently in promoting the cau^e of agricul- rishm-g, which hai)i.ily reso]v«sl itself into tlie' IN'MTi- , ture. svlvania State Agricultural Society, lie then made vi.nie remarks as to the gratitiealion it a/lorded him on witn'-s.^'ing such a noble assemblage of farmers as 1. 1 t iu convention at TTarrisburg, in -Tannary last, and at the agricultural exhibition just closrd. lb liati a few years back p.vtieipate«l in several >f H' \ew York Agrieultura! Kxhi'iiii^e-.., and .^.a- ini I reused with a high si'Use .-f the we;\lt!i. -piiit and iat'drn'"ence of the a . ri. iil' u; i,r^ .-pe- viallv (dAVe^teiai New \ vK d.u: /lot e\' n ti:e_v. iie'r ;!uv l.'od\ of fii-ne'r- le h a 1 ever t^rvn ei>e\\ h-Te. rould ^urpas.s in !li)se aitrdnite- e>dle, ti\ > !_\ . the farnvrs of Peiin- vis ania. Those ha I uei ine.ai\iai- tieii— had mat at their fr-t Siai- i:.\hi)Mtioii— had aoujoimly put their ''hand t^ di pi.o,\."' atid who «'Muld hidieve that surh ne n waild < . er 1 rok hack? lb ii'M-atulated the societv on tlie en rces*? of the • xhihitiiin they haxljn-^t made, and the p.r.e^jvet it >liadov;«'d forth, f»r fantting in I"*oi.n-_\l\anla in tie' fature. ]lis renmrks were applaudetl, Mr. (l, wdiile meditatiiiL!- a State "^ocdetv. for hoMiii"- its fir>t exhibition, but Harris- harg had mddy carri<.'d e.lf that honor. Tb 'h -n gave The health of (ad. lb*ah Trazcr, of Lancaster. V.ili If. .an i;\*\\ log cabin with its gi-en \ines lianging about the eaves, and trainel ar<'und ilie \\ind(»ws, with its simple beils of lloweis U'lerndu"- tin- walk-, and tiirmir the air with fra;iranc'i is a I' fre,-hing sigiit e\en to 'die eye of tie' traveller, t i wliose mind is presented an idea of haj»pin".>s and beautv sweetlv Idended toirether.' The land-^eape scenery of "air c oimtry might Ic^ •^reatlv imnrovcd it" 'J. \arious virnrrs of eaeh farm i~> V I made his o-.vn place and homi' attracti\'^ with neai fences and ornamental troe^, walks and llower<. It Would not onlv onlianee the value of iielividual no — session**, and increasa the aetual worth and price of a firm, but as '^ a tliinj of Unufy, is a iui/foirnr''' Who can estimate the comfort and delight of a taste- ful hoine! K\erv tree, and shrub, and thv.ver, ha- a Ijlessin"- for th.e leart which soothes and refresl.i .^ lh(^ weariest hours. There is no mind so dull and insensible, hut will To whieh Col r. responded in his usual happy I , i • *i ..i.:, .♦ i ,,.,., mwK .»n,1 td.-wMnt ^ ; sccretlv admire the culinateO i^ioumis, ami iiieasani. ■tvle. ■ * ' ii I \s n The I'eapili of (Jen. Cam 'fen. \va- ]ir"p' that irentleinan re^i- aid d. A. S. luiberts, li-ij.. 'd' riiilad Iphijt. pri'po-' d th- health of the 1' ard, ,d"( ana! <'..n-.ui Col. Painter, President 'A" ik. ■ !'"> d-mains of a man of taste, and e\en wish hi-> ni'^ius w.fe Min'i.i.iitly ample \~. own -ueh aliMned I' "- a I : 1 ,;j>ises-- !!!• ans amply T.eient t" ni.ike his own h(»nn' beautiful and \alua- . I ( 1 1 , ' •»• ri- ll' a e\ I'T'v la rni'a' ; ii ' 'Ui" hie and soinethiie.: to b(^ desir-d? There are many )■• innied .sy>a/r hours, and iiapidied to living out a n- at \arti, .-iliauk.- f»i' liiwiM'd^'ii i e,dlei4,-;ues. lie took ocea-i-n ^ ^ttlnt^ out tree, vj,; k -liall answer the treble pur- '0 say, tliat he was ^^orrv t- tind ihat e ,;ap!ai;i!v had , pose of fruit, shade and onnim--nt, bordering a walk, h'eti mad*' of the want of faeilities on the State road ' and making and enri«hing a beil for flower^, he i-^ for tlie f .rwarding of passengers and stock to the ex- not idling or wasting his time, but doing that w Inch hihitiun. whi( h i! u> 11 i>.oiiled. he greatly regretted. 1 shall be to his (.wn heart and that of hi> nmTo and That if suitahl.. tr.eans had let h. eu pre.ld d, tli- eh.ddr, n a eontinnal fea'^t of ^^njoyment while he lives, J-ard.d' (kinal Conimissiumr.. was not re-pou.ihl.' and adds dollars and cnt- to its real value, bosides f'r the omission, havip.g control only of tlm motive . being a public ble.s«ing and impro\em<'nt. ^^ h.. likes !>"v.('r on tlie roa.b wdiieh ha.l been ordered, in due to trav(d throu^vh regions that are merely inhabited. nine, to be ready to ftiiy extent re»juired. If the jn- Ttnictittns of the Hoard had not boon fully <'omprn'd with, in that particular, ii a aid ! iaatt«'r of deep «:(«ieern to himself and e^dleagntv-. il" -aid he was a lanuer, and whether as a jaiblic funetio?iary or pri- vate indi\idual, he would be found ever ready to pro- mote, as far as in his power, the objects of the Socie- ty, lie concluded by saying, that the j)rogress mak- withont b"ing enlivene.l with one spot of beauty or of taste to cheer the lonely and weary heart. The Kiedish tourist idctures to imr minds the green hcii'-'es and ^ni • .th verdant lawn<. and vine < lad cot- tao"f^s and all the common landscape sceu'^ry a> charming to the eye as a cultivated garden. Why may not Amorican farmers have some reference to beauty as well as use ? If all should do so, how soon ing in the public works, would soon overcome the wouhl the scene be changed, and the neglected spot harrier that separates western from ea"?tern Pennsyb "bud and blossom as the rose.' 280 COMMUNICATIONS. [Dkcf ■*< n.i R Lato in the fail any tree or nhrub can be trans- planted, as lonf; as the ground remains unfrozen. — The Huckers that come up from tlu^ roots, will make nice trees, and flowering; shrubs wIkmi spt out \v«'ll in the fall, will put out leaves in the Hpriii;^, umi suun gain an independence of growth that will bo fjuit*^ snr of our (?xehan;;.'s, HhowH t<» mIkU .xtrnt vs ine ^Towine is already carri^M] <„, l>y Mr. Lungwnrth and othei> Ifi the \it'iriity nf (.'iiniunati ; "111 Cincinnati an,<^<'<'b..tth'M,,{•^,,,al•k!il)-(^lta^^ba.an.| alx.ut 4().(!(X) places, and [>rovide thcmst'lvcs a^ ninth IVuit and shadi; and ornament as they choose with little trou- i ble and time. Let nothing be lost of this kini, hot give it a placf, and it will more than repay all your , tfoultl'-. Tilt' f.'iii lies ol" a Tamil V ran aid in th« >.> ujattyrs, and tlu'ir taste will oft-'u b<' found a valiia ble rt'LCulator and sa(«' ^uid^- tli<>v love th«j llowcrs. 1 neatm'ss and ord.T, and somu hoin-s would possess { Seedling tr. Budded Fearhes. little of rhariii or (.r brautv w, r it not for their skill ! r>. ,, ,..,/,;, ;/ ; / j j .i U Tl 1 I >>U/.ff . • ' •* . ., . ;.';all"!i< of wine in ca^^k^, varyin;; iVoni 10 to r>0 \r;il. lon> in carh. Tiiis cclltir is IllO ft>ot lonir. 40 f^.j \ud('. and 40 i\\'{ deep; and it is the intMiti.ii, iifth*- o\N noi- to inrrrasf it to double this si/i- d'lriiP' th- coming; yjiriii^j:. Hcsidcs Mr, Iion;j;\vortli, tin iv ^r, many other ])ersons in Cincinnati, and the nri.,r hood, «Mi<'i]y yard, and trerles'^ ; ^'>rts art; foreigners, many ol' whitdi ar^' n'>t woll premises, ami not even a roscliush under the ulndow ' ^.*'*M'^'"'^ ^*' ^^^^^ ^*"' '^"'1 climate, wher-jas uur i<»-ed- .,, ., ,, : bn;rs are mostly nati\es, 111 Wvjrse. Liie oiQ iit'i'-- or by the door — or what is atill wursc, the old neg Iccted abode, leaning fences, promlsfmous ;rrowth .>f all sorts of thmgs that choose to grow, making 1-r ..f the s.-...llings hav.> larg.Mlowers,which protect thfiu nil the inmates a cheerless, desolate honi", witii-ut ^'I'v nnieli against late frosts. external beauty, or any thing to cheer the heart I Lind. Cur tine sort^. g(M»'>rally, say nine t'^nths t! tle-n< lia\e small |]t.\^(>rs. A bout tht> same prop.irti'in witiiin. Chitttnanyo^ N. Y, l-ongui.rttrs Sparkling Catawba. Our esteemed friend Dr. lirincklc has laitl us un- der obligations ft>r a bottle of this truly dtdi-ioiis wine. Distrusting our own jiirv fit-.-t rate sort of peaches, a> \\. 11 as apphvs, p-a'r-. p.Iunis, chorric* and granes, is mt)re plctht.rie an I eon8e(juentlv mere tendiT than ordinary stM-dling^^. 'i'his is notVau<('d by builtiing, i)ut a ct>mmon or natural defeat in u great majt.rity -.f tair very tint st fruits. The saiiu ruli^ will ht.ld got»d when a))plied to animal-, vo^eta- blos, PiMWcrs, or grasses anrity of our finest s.>rt.<^ of ptvidiPB, Nsheili.r ^ettiling or grafted, hav(^ large fruit hud^ v.w, to assist us m pniieMnieing uj)on its merits. i'lte iir^t sip, liowevcr, s-atisfuMi u« that (»ur preemi- tions were uruieeessary, Ibr although not a habitual win(^ drinker, we had nt» hesitation in pronounein^'- I ^ it tlecitledly the finest < hampagne \\i\ had ever tasted, Cvir iViends agnMnlwith us unanimously, and we ct)n- gratulated Mr. Longwt.rth upon the hap|)y sueetss which has attonti-'d his t ffort.s to introdmie its manu- fa<'ture into the rniied States, and that too, from ..ur native grape. In a recent articl" in the ]\%stn-» II n- ticultural Revieir, Mr. Longw t>rtli says : MVe are ^^oon destin.^'l, not only tt) Kupply the United States with wine, but to e\pt">rt it largely. Most persons say, (hat they wouM not be willin'" i< rend-T tle'm m-.n liai)le tt) be kill'"'d by severe cold weather than the inferit^r sorts. oth. r>ndtl(>d or grafted tr<-es are geniTalW licttcr caretl for than ordinary seedlings, whitdi ha'^ a t.T,- d(Micy to produce a forced growth, aiul conM . ;inl> killed than on oM oiw^.^Wc^tfrn ll<,r(\rvUural lit- [l.ast season it will lie reintnibered that therpwrn' seart'cly any peaches in Lancaster city or tJic ira- me>liate vicinity, (the severe Iat(; frosts havin,: de- stroyed them) whil(» at the distance of a few mi!- in run oyer their eartJily . -Minse. 1 ^youhl willingly ,io ' '"very ^lire.tit.n, there was an abundane.^ ,.f tl.' m.- Tliis ?.\ lirst st'cuKHl strange. l,ut a little rt^tleotiol) solved th.' ,iifli,Milty. i\(>arly all ..f tie- p' a- h trcci in the city and vicinity are b\id.itNl .;r foreign^^rf, it again, men if 1 Jmd but one chang(\ The Ibre- thou^ht, earlier in life, to commcnc c the raising of 8oediing grapes, from our best native \arietios,^and a mixtupe between them and the best forei;.rn. i , this season raised a lt>w tlit>usand of the former ( lia- whilst those a few miles from the city ar.\ ^cncralW .Tnr!';J'''*^ '"'./'"' sup.nor variety, have SOO plants ! speaking, secdlin^rs. Of course there were eiccptions; ot extra growth, and shall be disanpointe( it 1 have ^r,.^ m .. . • , . • i » not grapes of black, white an-l red Voh.r among thnn, '^""^ ^''''' *"'''- '''^^ ^'^'"^ "'^^ ^'^"'= ^ equal in the size of tlie grai)e ami the bunch. "^to the ^^ ^'^ fi*^^^^*^^ thing, the budded crop was a fail'-i^ Black Hamburg, and its rival in quality. 'l\yo or ^^'^^''^ the seedlings ^^,.^c laden with fruit We could Uirec years will test the question. I add this to in- not but regard it a. a stron<^ ar-nment in favor of d^ce others to follow the example." The following paragraph, which we copy from ouo the superior hardiness of the seedling or native ra- rieties. — Ed.] I I 1851 ] ST\TK r\I]^ 2^; l.ist ol Artie Us Kxhihitfd a( Ike Sfate Agricultural Fair at Uarris- Inin/, toyethcr iciih ihr vamcs (>/ exhibitors aioi place oj r(i.vUn€e, frOXTINUFD,] llOADSTEUSiJL iUlArciIT HOUSES, 1. I'raujlit leir-.', 7 si-. ^\ . II. W iler. Cum KM eo. 12. l^rau^ht mar(\ Sail}. 7 vr-. b'.liarti I'urk- r, do. :\. I >i;oight ^^tallion, IJadgtr. •> \ r-. da-'-l' Hoover, York <'o. }. l>rau„dit lutire, C«'luinbus, >> yrs, Wm. T'o~s, d". :>. M;. re duly, br.fti ^Ja.iter, It.iuphin fi.. J^.' (ir-v Uill, lut ed unknown, C. Patt'fx'n, Ilun- tiii'i'liiii til. ',1. ( ,.l.li;iit). C'ibliaia brtfd, l2 v. o ne>. da-'oli Ibib rcr. L;iii'';i^tir co. 1(1. .b MM \ . ii'"^- Iwf.'d K fn\l.l'' aiitl lai;^lish lil'iid. 'Jl* Three pair Shanghae, 4 mo, W. L<3onai 1 . C 1 1 i 1 1 . ■ . • ■ I i u ' k , 7 ' ■ :j2, \N alk-up.lutks.o '* 'X\. ]*<•! and dufk-. .". " ',]\. r.Lo k ht.minics, O-i mo, Samut I Ureni/.er. liar ri^bur;:;. ;;.'». Ciiiif fork. 'Jo 1,1,.. lb nry bfj-'T. llarri^1)urg. ."a"'. Slianidia" hen, 7 i!it>, do. .".7. /.'// e.y .Wrfiira,^ " do. ."'.S. Su.ii; -_'.'cs,., 'J \ rs (un '. S. Manly, nan}'hir> co. ;',0. r.iir China. !>ne.. -C .M K-lktr. llarri*lairg. 1< •. bMur jiair ' 'hina, 1 ni", do. n. II \ hrid 'iu.-k- d. [\. i:-hl.in.in. Cht st.T CO. !•_'. Pair C;ip,,ns, mi\'. d •"; m-, A, V . N.;v. b' Id, Pb'- tlo. do. tl... do. do. d-. "Uii'l-tl. •; 1, l>>'rk-> CO. ■ .,',»• , , , . i' i s. i V, V II 1 ' 1 I - r II .n r,,. . -• Pair _r- s < aoous, br. , d < .r.-v bagle, S oi^. .1 .. II, Neil, lirced unkiiMNMi. ( \ r-^. < if'.r;:.' Iluli, ( uni- ' ~ • i ' .. .- r . .. tvrlaiwl c ib iN.rkiii- aiei .h-r- y lUu's dos.ph C.-p". We^l 12. Light (hau-iiL colt, 2 \rs, J. .^icnthebak'-r, , ' "•"r^' 'V ,. r , . .. TV.,,, ),in ,»., '^ ■ ' .. ' y^ I'aii'N li;^'-"!!-, Hrua < aiU'T'.n, I'auplnn Co. York CO. lib 1>:11\, liubl tirauLdit bor-. , t.ut of Stranger, o vr8. -1 . 1 >. < »u fiis. .Nlittiin en. \\ Mar- hretd Cumberlan-l, 19 yrs. .\ . Ib'ttrlch, ( ambcrland co. 1 10 bb Ibiv^iiin tiu.-k-. '• m . .^lartii. \' sn • -npr. I'Vank.- lin CO. 47. Kremt^n geese, do. 4s. Mu-v^\ tbnk, .^ mo. l>rua Cameruu, Pauphlo ), Mare, Cumberland, bi. ii breed, 8 yrs, do. do. : ^''""^^ , , . V, , 1. , oo . , J ,1 40. Swan (^eese, 1 vr, uo. ). Stud colt, do. JO Ml', tio. '!". ■" ' '^' , ii. I'lli, ^ vr«, S. \\ . Sharp. < iimOfrlantl <•'». ..,,,., , .^ i 1^ i> " T 1 • 1 i» .* i>i r 1 1 O 1 . I 1 I l.>ll, 1 uO. i>. P-a'-HK. .. N r^. r retitrn-k barrett. l>lo i Ki 11 .> ' I 1 i» 1 n I- ^J- ' Iiittae;oii'js. _ nil. do. 10. ll'.rsf, _ vrs, .).. in Keeb I'auiUiin c, i - > i^ - ^i i - • , ».* i T , l)r on P i , - I <- c -.» . b;. kens, oj mo. l><'n"ant;ii lioi»0, Chester c»). 55. •Tt'T'^t'V blue rbickcn-. '> nio t" 1 \ r. di">. <'ountv. 22. I.ion.Clirst\\ i s r<. ibiirLft' KiiTe'r. 2t. l'.i\ horse, 0 \ rs. .Mr. Ibink. L'Tant.n co. I^OCLTP.V, 1. Pair ..f Sh in;j:;li;e ft wis, A. d. donfs, Harri-Purg ■J. « au"'- "f i'ancv piget>ns, do. do. o. T»s I Mu-"<,\iv dueks, 1 \ r, Pa\ id Mun\ma. jr. I'auphin .o. 4. Coiimitin in)pri<\'Ml ebirkfus, 1 yr, do. kt ns. 1 yr. f». Pair of turkeys, 1 yr. »■ Pair mixetl breed tbnks. do, do. ^^, P'air Impr«»ved conuutai tbnk^. (b*. do. .♦. I'air coiuiiMTi improNfd tjui k^, .bdiii C. IIicst«.r, K>ith. rfoii, Pauidiin co. 1". Mie,_:i-I ('hina are! Pantam, age unknown, (\ ^- 1 biM, man. Lancaster eo. 11. Cross of whiio I >")-kin J- Sc Ci-,>,,],., »'. mos,, do, P-. FaiL'li^b wliitf i>orkin_:. id thissea^"n. 'I-. Lb Thr. 1' purt" games, 5^ and 5 mo, l>avitl d'a" g'Tt, NorthinuiMrlantl co, lb fw.i ^lian^ha*'^. 5 m >. b'. davs, di>. be ^^ hite i'hittaixoMgv-. .')^ t-<'ar rab^.Its, 10 m... ]\is.dial .Movri^, >Vt >^t ( l;<"^ttr. ♦bb Pur-' '^h;'.n;_di.e - '.k. 12 111", pulh t-^ '» mo, A. ,1... tio. ^L Span^l.-r, Lui.a-sr. ^l^y ^i^ ol. Ptaccoon, 0 \rs, doiin Y.nuig, IIurri?',-urg. v\M\\<, X.'., L.\TLiu:i) poll Tin: plcwinc. >r\T< IP 1. d'w.) plows by bob. rt Hall, i'itt-burg. 2. Plow h\ da oh Paunian, MechanicslLirg, Cum- lu'rland fo. ;;. ,l,din lbCr.>--l.r on- plo\v, Miidi.vd Cresslcr, Slii]ipt n-huri:. Curnl" rland « >J. ,\ Sp« I liuan - jdi 'W. b Piow bv Samu.d Plank. 5. Plow b\ d. lb Ston.T. 0. IMow h\ KiiJ.,! P. Morn •. Uall \ Sp.-er, makrrs. \X. Chittagong and Ibmtam, March 10 an.lM ;r. h N'<>. ''. <><' H^'lt"u M-e , o. o^ team.) 29, 2 vrs, do. burg PL Two white turkeys, E. L, Orth, M. D„ Harris- ! No. 4. 7, A\ b Crai-Iead one Craighead bill '.T ji! a 20. Thirteen Creoles, L. P. IIoopcs, Chester co. 21. Nineteen Jersey Blues, do. 8. E. G. Grey an iron plow. 0. Sod ph)w Jon afieifi F. Garrard. 10. Pair of oxen by John Echternach. •i82 SIiA.\(;TIAE FOWLS. fDllCI.MRRR ivlii'd iip:>ii as faitlifiil representation.s of tho various brevds. Improved I'ouis. We are indebted Lo Messrs. K. If. lintler & Co., tlie enterprising,' pu]>}islier.s uf I>ixon i^ Kerr's popu- lar work on Ornaniental and J>ornestie Poultry, as The followin;; is a suflici.ntlv unnute and aee„ru. \v<'ll as many (.tlier e]e- the various kliid.^, (-r iowls )i,,\v .■lainiini; publlr lift -n- ' ■^"^''"'' ^'^'^'^ '^"" i'''J'»;ii"l<:ib}y sliort lad and l,ir^:' iii"ii!id .>r l"-:i!ii.r^. p'!,.d n\.r t!i.' n; ;.- ■!■ |,;irt (.f JH ro'jt. ui\in-- i-ivr. t.. a (•(.n^i.i.Tal.Ic rl.-vation on that lion. As will be perceived, n^'ariv al! <>\' ili.- jMiiMra- li'.n are portraits taken frou) Hi'", and Iwm-r mav be i>ari nlth:- nmii.. (i di -n'.i !,,:• ir.,L,irL-d, also, tlu,; MR. E. li. ('i)vv:< sir \\(.fi a:;s. lie wnigs are (,uite slu.rt and small in prop(»rti(m to the size ot the fowl, and carried very hi-n nn tli- body, thus exposing the uh,,].. nf tlTc tbTd, ..|,,ei a considerable jM.rtion (d* (he sid,«. TIn.sc v lutract.Mis- tics are not found m the same degree in anv other lowl of whi(di 1 have any knowledge. Tliis pecidiar arrangement (d* feathers gives the Shnnghae fowl in f^ppearancc, what it has in realitv, a great(U- depth of (pnirter, in proportion to the dej.th of brisket than anv other fowl. As to the legs, they are n.^i n^In p-- -n bar. The c«»lor is usually nHldisli-wi.itc m- M.^sli- .••lor (,r reddish-yellow, mostly covchmI ,l,,^^^ the utside, oven to the end of the toes, with feathers.— I his last i« imt always the case. The Stag, in the prece.lmg illustration, has no feathers on his le-s, whde the Pullets, his sister^ are rather heavily fea- thered, lie 18, however, an cxceptiim to the rule, so ar at least, as his particular f\imily is concerned.- iiut other families of Shanghacs, equally pure are :^sr but very lightly feathered. A g(M\tlcman .d' mv .v- M ";'•"' ^'l^'^^ ^^ir. A. Xcwbold, of Pliihidclphia. p • *^*-'!^'''- "1 t'l" ^pMii- nf ISIT. Ironi ^'apiiin bock- wood, dire, a IVnni tic' ,-iiv ft Slian^!ia'\ a cock iinurc as any Slian-haes 1 have seen, ditfcrir- li-'ni other iiup(.r{ations only in being nearly smooth- legged, nnd not attaining t»)^he weight (d' o'thcr sjx- cimens. Ju the secoml or third generation there w;i* scjircely a featherdegged Sliani;}\ac on th.' pn^miso. The plumage of the thopoi-lid r-.l Sliaidiae is r»- )naikab!\ st.ft and silky, or rather .h.uiiy, and in, ii> in\ opinion, equally as good for domestic purpose?' as tJiose of the (Joose. They are certainly «piiic a- tine and soft, if m.t as abundant. The fertile (pialities of this breed may be infcrr» fowl is tender ami juny, unex(»''p- , vcr-clianeine- climate. I mvself have found tiie tionable in e\ery respect — in fact, a dish tit tor an i.u're ^h'lU'diae to e.pial, if n(".t to excel, any other Kmperor. In ve-w, then, of the g.MMlly Nize (d" the '•,\vl in lavTmi- «iualties— perhaps, the IMack IN.land Slianghae, weighing, as tho males u vear. in (onscpience »d" U't b"ing so fnMpiently and a halt to eight and a half p. umN, an I stags jiiid l.roodv but their eggs arc n.a s(» ricJi an! nutritious, pullets oft* months respectively S and »• lbs.— in view Kead'tiie testimony of .^I^. f. Am-, ol M,r-l!*iM. also of the economical uses to which its scd't downy M-iss II savs, *^'* that one of i'i- n.>ighbor^. M •. f-athers may b" applied, also it- pro. bn r.-. enesy, har- i'i'iillips ha< sr"')1l't of this brood. >.vli;/!i laid on- diness, and,* lastly', its (piiet and do.ile temper,— I'a l.un.lre.i andtwentveggsln. 11. luiinlivl an! tv.-entv- view of t!-^ • things, I am well ph-ased with puv.. tive (lavs, tlien stopped /.x .la\ ~. t'c-n l-i.i sixlevii Shanghu . 1 know not a b-tier h.wl. In trutn. I , r< more and ^t..ppe 1 ! r.r dav>, and a.el i-^ uow : might say of it, as th;' piou.s Is.iac W alien w.is \y<,ni l-"rin^- and iliat he ( Mr. Am- s) ha:i one ;lat has ' to say of tho trout, his favorite i;di--|:.d uvi^ht donc'".Miually w(dl." The eggs are g.'uerally of a h;is(Mnadea bett;h. but h • di I not; ^o o^ tli' ].a!e vellow i»r nankeen ctdor, not remarkably large pure uiwidulteratc- rous and prolonged, differing cDusidenibly from that of tho great Malay. Mr. Nolan SMy>. "thatful'- e-rown Cocks, from one and a half to t.v.) years old, average a weight of from ten to tweUe pounds, tlu* Hens from eight to nine pounds. ']':•..) male bird stands about two f'et high; the female about twoniv- tw<» inchs The Cock's <'omb is usually single, serrated, and erect, of a brilliant scarlet, but not al- 284 COCHIN CHINA FOWLS. 14 fDi:(:KMnFTT uwiiKMiiiB'MM'W'ii tmmfmfv*Mim m Mil. G. r. l)lUMiA.\rS COCHIN CHINA. (Six and a half months old.) ways single; 1 huN.- imi \yA\\ sicrnlo and d-uible combs in the namo clut.li; the wattlos ar.- lar^c ; thoy arc quite frcf rr(Mu tojt-kTiots ; tlh' harkl ll,,',v:^h-l»n>\vii ; th.' tnil Idark, with metallic lunrro, and, u hon iully furnislnHl, ]iresents ' the usual cock's ]dMnio ; the lo^s vary fruin a th\sh- colour t ) an oranf^e-yrllnw, and ;uo not ho lonp; as in the Al.ilay the V^^^"^^ are generally Iniff-eoh^red, of tan • ' ' - ' r»ool\ Xoticc 5. WtHlcrn, R'n-ticuJlurdl Rrview. — A\ e liavc for Rom»' time past been in rijcel[iL 'd' this excellent monthly and always welcome it to our table with sincere plea sure. Its ])ag(^s wvo fdh-d ^^ ith \ ibiable contributionF tar^^e si/p and blunt at th<' f^ids : the Chickens pro- from able pens aiid we are glad to Icpj n tli:^^ the un- gre*»s rapidlv in si/,r. but riirth«*r slowlv." \:..- ^cc ♦ r-« ? r.- ii r^ n \v .\,r ^ V I, i^ ' ir r I- -. 1 • , , tirmi' elh'i (^ ..{ itn itidfiatiirable editor. I'r. >\ urder. Tv. iv. \ (>p»'. hs(j.. of tins citv. and ni\i"'il iniporttMl • i , ' , • ii i a few Fowls from I,onu last suwinnM- ; tl»- thror J^f .f witli tho ,.ncoura-P!n.«nt thoy h > nrhly drs.>r',<'. Coehln rhina-j whose portraits jHTccdc this (diajitfT, l'"' l'^''\i''W is publlsluMl nioiuldy .it ( 'incinnati. ;ii were of th»' nninb^T, and were pr.uMinMl of the .M(>^srs. three dollars p.-r annum, and is, w. think, w.'ll W'Vlh Haker of Chrl.sea. and are now in tln> poMsession of ^j^,, ^^^ should anv ofoe.r friends desire a si^h: mr. lope. \>lio ivA^ had a puMl opportunity for !,.>- n- , . ' . ,. ' coinnig ae(ju;iint.d ^^ith tlwir habit- and qualities. — Illy estimate of th'-ru is »vvpressod in tii( jireeeedino- chapter, in the conneuiion with th. M)an;rhaes. Man (RING Fruit Trees.— This is the season for the amateur to look o\rr his fruit trees — es})eeiallv those whi(di have faihd to produce good erop*^ fur want of nourishment in the s..il. Carefully <^pen a trench at the very ends of the roots — throw out a third of the poorest of the soil, and replace it with a mixture of manure and ashes. I use a cart-load of barn-yard manure— no matter if it is fresh — to a bushel of ashes, and I find it nr\rrto fail in brin-'-iu"' up the tree. If 1 ^vait till spring before I ap[»ly this stimulus— I find it to do just half as much good as if I put it on the soil in October and November. It is quite surprising how old fruit trees can be brought to by this simple dressing— barn-yard manure and aahes, applied in the fall of the ye^v.-^Dojcnim/s HorticnUunst fit, the ran !>•' irr.atifird by eallinj; at 'V.ir office. Hydropatliic Encydopedia. — No. 5, of this hand- some work, publislnul by Fowlers k Wells, of X-'^ Yt>rk, is on our table. It« »sign is to pr.>< tit m ■^ condensed and practical for' aU the imjx/rtunt facl?^ and principle^ in medL.'ine a. th» )]latoral scien^'^^ pertaining to the water < nrr tr.'atnunit. To th"?=^ who desire a familiarity with this systtm. th*' work will be valualde. The typography i« Ix autifni. and each number abounds >vith well executed illustrations. Kight numbers of one hundred pagei each will com- plete it. rrli»' 2r» conts a nunibor= To Fatten Poultry. — Shut them up in the darli — give them a little light t\vo or tin- c times a daj. long enough to fill themselves with food, and then shut them up quite dark, and keep them there ten or twelve days at farthest. 18.01.] KhlTolU \[., 285 ! r II K V\ \l M ^ O V W N A L. ClaLii!3fanf C?Ditar*a Department. A. M. bi'ANuI.I, K. As."5i.-iA.Nr Ki>iioR. <.hFi(E OF TUE i*\. State Agrk ultukai. So( iktv, ) Nov. 22. I^:)l. J In accordance \\\'.\\ the •'ith section of the act in- corporating th- T'liii-j 1\ ,tni:t S'ato Aoe*aui).-r t > ;!.' Kx.-cut:v(« Coiu- I^Ijj.',-, - c ..fi. Q 1 sii . .;„ :, ,' ,f r, loltu-e of th(! IVnusyhauia Sta'-' .\ui i ulturai Societj W. 1. /iKiiKR, .^outli ou M., pnncipa/ .i.^-nt I"!- - •> l^iihid.dphia. \i;<'nl^, \\ 11. Si \N..i.!;K, p.. 1', ^r \ Noi.Kii, (ill. r»f.ii(.N i:»i, li. MlNKK, 11 M. Kav^ I ivs, A. b. \\ MuiKi.n, L'lncastor, Fa. Ctduinbia, Fa. Harrisburg, Fa, Fittxburg. Fa. ( 'hain}i"i"sbiir^. Fa. Carli-^lr. Fa. York Fa. jail -mil i' I" rt^ tr i-'iuin- a-« 0\>-\ ar'- i-i'|Miri 1 to ; dt'Oiand and r-'i . ix c irmn api'b'Mnts \\ira''i "f \\\'\y pi-.'c.r.iin/:- during : ihc yrar. F U K I >i: 1 1 1 < Iv ^^ ATT^. Prcsid'.:iU. and ol iiook.vidltTh gcu'-rally. Our Ollire. Those h;i\in;j bu."-int'^^ to u-ansact with >o< ^'.ii pleasf eall a', tli' U(H.k Sti»r«.' <»f \V. Ii. ."^^panglcr. in Vorth (^u»'en slrt-et, Lane?'-'-'- >* t,,.r.. tv.. ,,^..,.r- ,-. pres^'utatiM' v, ill at all tiioi's !••' in at!j'ndani''\ AnsEN< F OF TiiF F'lnrTnn. — The unav'idabl. ah sene.' "f I*r.>r. II\:m:m\n for sext^ral W''"k-^ p:i~-t, i^ the apology we off'r fur th*' \v.int of our usual amount of editorial matter. F'tr the above reason it will also be out of our Wliat will Penn*^\ U aula l-'armers di!bt -.^CvA 111'' -^iu r.' f:-!' W'l ■ «'i A^n- ,, rtilMir. it! I* >!.n-\lvania, son>'! gralilieation to know. that ^'u:- > ubseriptii.n bst has g( !.■• ' ^n -"tcsidily iii' rra- -intr. until -lip .-ir-'iia! i -n is -ufli.-irn'iv birge toju 'tify u^ in U'^S'-rtiiiL' 'hat rl;.- I i:ni l nrnii i- n-w piac'd \:p"n a l^a*-!" whi'h ■'• ifiinl\ ■■ uri-.t iti (Mintinuan e. l\.r ih'is wi-h'd i^v r.-'iii. \s ■ ar-' i!nhd>t''d t'KHTily, to :lv kind tVi.-nd- wh>. !ia'.' -i\'-n ih-'r tin"- i' d tal- ents to the good work, and to ihem ourwarrurbt th.nk^ are due. ibit while we thus iadlcihially expresa (.^urgralifi r;iti..n and t.iid-r-ur t!niil.-. w,> w-uld n-l las-tbe p<^W('r to ans\v( r as »=atisfaetorily jis nr..:ht b*' d" *ired, ;ho ,|urry 'd" v.ur friend hs«'^. it i- tru •. \n hi' h nr.ght b.' .su.-Laim^d b_v it saying, that th*' sorucipe r<'f'rroii to. was e»rtaiid^ not (h'sigin'd to coiu'v th'' id''a tlnit w*-, n- a t" "pie, ^fiould not justly !•<• pr.anl of tin' nnMhani^al skdj ,.{ otir t'ouiitr\ nu'!!, or that ^:inv^ tine' \s<- sh-iiM receive the pro!i:^. \( iuy ; but we ar. lesiron- ►^'■ntinn-nts (>{ the . 'iit^r of th.' , t.T id' F.nn^vhania A ::ri.ultur.\ and ,-n-t;in ;n- itP fia)UHr njdu I'ni'.n in r»';^ard to thi.s h^iiMrabh^ and int'T'-^t- ^vo cunnn n.-' d it- jiuVilicatn-n. ruyn,: U|:- t most usefr.l rhiss ^i' the conimunity, and a^Mir-^ hiin .,n th-.^- \n h-^'' r.putaf i.T. \s •■ i.-sirrd t.. ir.am' on and ♦h:H .Mr r.-p.-,'t f.>r thcin is only ♦^ipialh^d br nur w h-s.- int«•r.■^ts wr had r'-^-lvd t- .su]']. -r!, i-r the heariT'lt d"sirc t^i sco thmi advaindng .still nn.r.- ra- u.^i-t.in.T n-r' ^^-ary t.. ">u u aim ur fnt. rj,n- . M.mj pidly than they ar-- in-w dnin^'. t.Av.ird- ih. hi di. -t nr- du t> d lailur. w .» nevrrtl, .n-lit nf it. \ :■ ^ otr pOMUion it is possible t.. attain. In sayiu;; this, wp 1 couraged u-. and u- \\ • o' "f v- 'h a confident sjurit. foci porfeetly satiMi-'d ihat we are bur utL.-ring the ; We felt saf isti-. d that th." elann-. . f tie- Farm Journal •♦Mitinients oi \*i-4: llald.nnin. wouhl '.ne day iK-aeknn%sl d-^ 1. a!id thai Slate p.t ide ,, , w.-uhl not permit it t.. die l-u- \sant.d" sup]»ort. Nor ■ iK. >TKyFN.oN\ KnoKKSs. -We ;vsk t]n;aueuih.n, ^^^. ^^^. ^,„,..i^.,,^i i„,„^, ,,j,;„„„. A bhcral support '>t "ur reader. t<. Mr. Slovcnsun's abh address, whieb ! ^^.^^ ^j^^.^^j^ ^^^^^ extended it, an^i tl- t^ l i . h that ^0 give entire in the present nun.b.r, b. ab.und^ in ' p.,.^,^,, ,, ,;,;,, ,,,,„M „ot eneourage at: A^neullural hometruth<. and ^Mll w. !1 npay a perusal. < '^^ mg ; j^^,^^^^;^j ,,^ h.r .vn n has been wiped a^^ ay. -itslen;:th ue have h,..ne,mpe]led to omit the eon-! ^ .n-.-ulati.n t. snn^,.:..,:th tmuaf„,n .d- .ur arti.l.. on the Stat<' Fair. W, Nsill ^^ '"^" .ua. t.ai .nr n<'Xt. iai-i:«' to h^-eurr th»- p- iniMn in v of the dvjuin.'.i, hul it is not lar;j.- en-aiudi t.. en;.b! • m-* to r«-ndor it \Ojat ^ViiAT IS TUK VuTKC.E ON THK l\?.M .b>tRNAi.?— it should bc. <»or eHttemci neighbor of the (duo I'his question is frr^u' ntl\ a-k-'d us. We rrplvjle- CuUivator ask.x. and a-k- r..ni;d--Tiily too, for //:/WAoti- postage, if pny(t>!. is one cent per month, or iknc sand subscribers, and our i!n].ressi<»n is, that ho will cents per quarter. All will see the advantage of pre- get them. 1 he circulation of the Albany Cultivator payment, as it saves one-half. is now Jiftren thousand, and that of the Gcncssce '%sst»*Ai S8G EDITORl VI . [DKcKMnEn, Fainior, in, wc prosmno, Rtill greater. Krinemhcr ! tlioMo are nr)t tlio only Ap;iM(niltiiriil papers |»ublislie(l iji 0!n() jind Now York. There are more than n de/- nn others of oxeeUent chtiracter, nearly all ui \n ]il> Is are in a tl<»urisliin;2; eonditlen. The Farm Jouriial, is th*-' nnly strictly Af^rienldi ral Periodical published in our v^tat(\ and ni:jy we not ask that rennsylvania will extend to it, a sup- port as liberal as that extended to the Ohio or M l)an3' Cultivator? Ifow easily this iniL!;ht be accom- plished. A few h:.urs effurt oii tii ■ [Mil if cui- j'l-es- cnt subsc*ril»ers would du it. nnd witli smh a ].;i;i-n!i- age, what a ludil*' iiiw] ii< '{mI work wc otuld i-ii'''!'. — Friends of A;rrlcu!;iii-c is ii li.^t \v.»r!li t In' cliort ? — Is it not worth an hnin- <>v two's hi'x.i-, (-> Iw alJ.' t.. say, thiit Pcnmsylvania sustains hii- A •riciiltura! .lovu'util as 11 lie rally as New ^ ork or Ojiio, sustain theirs? And why should she not ? As a S( ii<' vj,,. ranks first in Ajiricultural and .Minv.'ral wcaltli — her fanuLM's are acknowled^rd superior to tho^e of otia r States, while her population is second to New Vierk only. With such resources, suidi a character, and su(di a ]>oi>idarI"n. why should we not have l«ai nr fifteen thousand subscribers? Sliall W(^ have tin m? Shall we ent(U' upon the year lSol2 with the jdeasin^i; consciousness that our s[»hcre of usefulness is laro;ely inor(,Msed — that our Journal is diffusinffniore wid(dv, it^ valuable Agricultural truths, and (hat it is awaken- in;j; the fanners of our gcuid old ^'ouinionwt'alth to die advantage's which scit-nce otTcrs. Friends — those who have stood by us so faitlifully. we ask another rlfort. It will not cost much, and if you stu'ceed in doubling our [iresent list, witli wiiat more j)lca^ing thoughts would 3"0u desiro lolcgin l!ie Xew \ ear, than tliat you iiave aided in liiiMinj: ii]. the agricultural reputaticn and interests oi' !'• iiii-\i vania. -Tanuary is the inontli in ^^l!i.•ll -ub^cripti.'U'- to monthly iieriodicals an* 2:enerallv conun m. • 1, so that now ic thj time for >ucc(\ssful action. NOTICFS OF TUE XkUSPAIT.H PkKSS. ^\ >' WnUid ],<' iti throughout the State, did w<^ not acknowliMliro our heavy indebt'.'dness to tle^m for tho many kind no- llces given the Farm •Learna!. Altliough oui- limits will not enalde us to reciprocate these \aluable fa- vors, it may be a source of satisfaction to (uir i dito- rial brethren to know, that they liave been lar'^-oly instrumental i\\ bringing our.Iournal before the pub lie, and in doing this, have, we trust, aided in awa- kening a deeper interest in the cause of agriculture. Our earnest and heartfelt thanks must therefore be received as pay, having nothing better to offer. r^ Bl—MBlBiJ ■ I'll » 1^^ ■• VlBW-l^ "VZ*!^ -^iw ^-' I^M.l AT>VKRTTSi:Mf:\T,^ 2.^7 /"5 , — ...,^- j*— «-i>- ,) A\ '' 'jL\\>' a!»'i\i', ao a'cnraio ^'epi-fsentatioii of :i liiiilily \aliialil<' |:"rtalde in.stiaini'iit, .li'signcd f<»r liiini'jat 11!^'; < ''"'"0 lb, uses. Fi-; lU;-. 1 >\\ 'Hiogs, Shi}i<:. t-losetsand W ai di'ob'- : also Shroli-, Ko^cs and oil' door plant', in tii n . ir wit!;' lit til' sli;rhtc-i iniurv to tho^r ,,t" i:,e m t d'li«-ate (diaracter. lt> use and value will be uuderstood from the follo\v- nig: ''The in-triini 'iit is availabl'- for Cuniigating Ajii- aries, (i- !i"!i-, - and ships * necc^ssarv is to introduc<' the nozzle into an apertar<' ii! til'' do',)' .a- L:!a— oT a < i rt- iidi^u -••, ;ind by turning til" hand!'' i: will >o(;j! be liilei \/iili -nn-ke : nor i?« the M,i -liine less efl''-'. i\ •in iln- ojh u air. t""!' ;licsnu>k'' b'inu" cniKM iiti-at<(l \^, a )i"in!, and ni el" t) issue Ul anv rci[!iir<'d dir'''-ti' ri. lh<' wiimIi- \\ Ir-ar nii any jMrti'-'dar atlect- ed |.art. A -r-'a.t d' al ^1" T(b.i'- Plant iind' r a paprr t- nr sheet, or some other t' Miporary covering, du.inir the operation. — It i> niannli'lni'tl and sold by ii. iiai^t. Seedsman {}[' I'liii.id'lpliia. To K\ou Wnn hi( ks.— The claws in t!ie uif'l species of Pmdx are biirk. %^'^ Tlie attention (d" the Presidents of the different County Societies is a^kcd to the notice of the lion. Frederick Watte, President of the State Agricultural oociety. ! ll',)\'FJrS INK MAM bACTOIiV ' Rcniovey incrt'iisi'd r:iialiUi .s. t'l .supply tlic growing (Ifinanu Inr ll<)Vi:it'S INK, which its wiilt-spr«;i«i repiit:(ti"ii hu.s created. i Tins Ink is so well cstaldished iii the go'td opinum in«l confidante , of the Aincric.ni ptd)lie. fhut it is scarct'ly iieecB8.iry to siy any- ' tliingin its l.ivor, and the mannfaetwrer takes thi.s opportunity *<•' j guy that the confidence tlins secured, shall n(»t be abased. I Ina.ldilion to tlu- vari.uiH kiiuls >^( W'ritinif Ink, he also nianu- I faetiires AD.\M A.NTI.N F CKMKN'T, for uiending tilass and Chi- na, as well asa superior HAIR DVK; a trial only is nocss.iry t" insure, its fntnrc use, and a seiilincj wax well adapted for Druggists and Bottlers, at a very low price, in lar^e ^r small quantities. I Orders addressed to J():»KPH H. IIOVKK, Mai.nfactnrer. INo. 141 Race ilrcet, between Uh and 5th, (»ppositc Ciown st., rhila. I i ' ■-tmm •--«'-*«>«•*• « »^ ■■ •^" in l.\\h:siuil;5 .\Nh i'.\TI'\'; i-.K>. I J. Pl'.N.Nir*, Jr , Practica! .M n^iinist. .Manufacturer, and 'F^SF UOr>l''l\T'S 1V\T!,\ T I \i !i.l' .STATES . l)r-jn»hliman, having had twrntv \ ears' expericiice in lu:!diii^ ' '' /'P VIV \ \ 1 ) ^ ' I ' 1 ) i \ V 1 "nd opcTutini? jnaehmor^ (. r niio.ui.icinniii^ Cdtli'ii, ^; a. Wool, ViivAl.N >V.M .1.1.1 J. . . Steam laii^mps, Printing Cuhco, Ac With ;,.ri! \ . ars . xperi- T 0 w II I '• M ^^ A -• \ ''V \ It n \ i> FIK.ST JMiKMllM T II E At llie PeniiRvU-ania ARrien'tnral Fa:r, aft^•r a trial the fairness of whi( Ii enuld nnt be disputed. These I'ans, the inventor n)iifideiit- iiFscits arethe mui n t';:it :i 'pi 'k slrtk.- c ui be . Vn^i S'<.iirii'- w h. n .b aired, a leas quan- t.tv o{ for oMiall feceils. Se<-ond. Wiicn ii-ccs.s.iry a ^''W .'*'i ik> rm !•-• sn-Mrc i •.•. r.ipid tirnni''. This i.s.'i immense ndv nil .;v, as ilmiiila I!;.- l^n, I" t.iu cb'anin;,'of a;l koidsof .scids. Third. A new ni'thod of ad.ois' nig the ii.Mlcaaii-l sen \v« Ts s gives the operator the advantage of p'aein- iIm rn ni nis position lieH. adajited to accomplisli t!ic I iirp ses ol .iL'r.iiii l":ni F.very ,l.|ie and screen ha.i a sep.-iratc .nljuhtim ii-. ^o ij.it t ai !i one can > fixed at any angle wiUmuU t!i.- iieeessity of taking tli- in out Fourth, The cram, n.stca-i oi lalioiu' on the lloor, as is usually gines, I'rinling ei.ce in prneuring patents, trndora lua sei vices to laveitifH to make exuminHli. ns of thrir iiiv'entioiis from a rough fc!.eti U tr ilrawiiig anil limited description, (which may te forwarded by mail,) and compare them with the inventions in the Patent Oliicn and give an opinu n, whether the invention is patentable or ii;!. for.a fee of !:rj ; and save the inventor the e.X[»en8e of applyin»{ for a patent, which usually costs ^^f). e.iclusivc of the eo»,i of n.-.l, 1. as only about Iwo-fifihs of the jvitf i:ts applietJ for .u -• f r n te^! - [lis fxperif nee in making drawings ..;', hi. i tuildiui; ^iiM :, > ratii ^ iiiaclo;.* ry. eu.ables him to nndeistan'i aa n,\eiitii n Ir n, a roii'rii ilrawiiiLi ai;il luuited deBci ipt iiui, apd to r ii;,; fr lieiid tl c pc lutn in uhicti ill'' in%-iiii. .11 (l;ftVr^ i"r,.i!i li-.o!-'- ::'Ti- iil\' j .-itenti'd. w.lh the i:rratc!«l far: ;it\-. 1 e alH 1 pf ■parrJ' i!r I \v;i s:k .^-pceifit :>ti' n.'s, eave- ars and as« iL;iiiiH'ut5, cr pr." it- .h e .r^ i; m, or ulteiuis to any liiisoieKs I'oMiicited witlitlo r.ileht t i.hce. (■( uiiBcilors 111 Pulciit c.iscs can h I ve an oi>inio!i liy bti!,i'^ the poinl.i in their case, and arguiiifuts prepared with tiie ji p' r author to h cited, to t(n."«tai;i t lie same. With d* Bpi.i«ilioi!3 if i;ee. . ,-,:i >• He wi.l a!. attend as ('onnsellor or .Xdvocatc m ri'-! t e;. ,m s iii an\ Ti nrt. Xvitiee to 'J,.|t7 inventors whob-- app icath .s W' re rejf ( ted I'l I^r.» and ■ (» tiiat he \\ i.l »-\aiii'he l'!ie;r ( :ityn.hlressii.g;,a.^r;,a/<7, the subscriber at N<.rnstow.' Montgo.ne- »Vars, Peaches, Plan s. t berries. Apr.co,,. NeeiariMe., M,s, Ml- r en.P.i. JHSSK K OUKRTS. .Norristo'.vn, December. 1, 1S.31. 9-ti". XKW ii MM)Y ('id.Mr.rj;. CAi.\sn:ijiA iM inxKNj?. Tliis new an I beautif.il climber, recfhtv iutrodnerd from China Ity .Mr. Fortune, proves perfectly i-arn. Train- ed to a siie.;'e piMaT; say^tcn feet in heinht, it is very striking and beautiful object from June ti'l cold weather, during which time it 18 covered with a profusion of its large doul)le tiowers of a delicate rise color. It is very ornamental planted in patidiea like Verbe- n.is; .nakes an admiralde pereen ; and is vc ry etleetive in\oung plaiitatiou.^. belts or slinil'berie?, tr;M:ii <: prettily on the surface, Hj.d running Hm";i:^r liM- low. r ' r inehes of the trees in a very pic- t'lresipie manner. Its cnUnre is very si'iip'.-, a'ul it wi' I llir; \<- in romniou garden soil. If re piircii in ci mim J.rable (juantilir'a the tubers may be ill vided into sins' I e (•\''s plmt ing each in a (o ir inch pot (»f gooti lit^lit compoit. 111 Fet'r;; ir\', nmler LT^ i.^s. 1 r i!i li' t ' m til e spring ; or I.ir^'er pi'ces coi.t iiiiiiil; sever il cyeg i lefl.S IV be planted iii the open i:roiin.l in Mav PI oif? •^T i>er '!"/■■:! TnbcrR fi mas ne .sent bv mill of express, to (Tiler script ion ■ f I'ruit ami Oriaimental TKl-bSand FKi IT .V »ii;n \.^li:\i M. 1 i:i:i..^ .v .^;iuri; i;i.i;\ . The subscribers offer O^r rale at the Nursery and Hnrden a 'Prg« and fine assortment of Fnt-t ami {.)Tnnrn'nlil Tiem mud Sh>vl>f>rrft. ombr icing many new and valuabb- varieties m each (lej>.artment, P , berts, French and Sj«inish Chesii'its, Knglish and other Goesebef- ries, Currants. Raspberries and Str.iwdieif les in variety; laiglish NV.alnuis. (^iiiiues. Asparagus ro. ts. Osage O.nice ('T bedginsr, Cranberrn b, \e., alno Kvernreen and Decidao.is 'I r- ry. \ Shrubs. nrf" native and foreign crowth. many of them of recent introduction from al road, such as DeiMlar cedars, Cellar of I.pbanon, New Ja; a.i Cetorekc»'pers supj li< d at reduced prices wth seeds, neatly put up ill pai>eri !' r r- tall sab s ' ' ' PAXJHALI, \: en HIS. .v ro \\ . Kl (ll- ster, I'a. Sec »l ami A e lieul t iii ;vl W a relioii.se, A ,. 21). M.iikit S'iftt. Vii'Ui. U- n I ".F'v F. tlie subscriber has onened an extensive assortment of (.HAS-* AM> r.ARPK.N SEEDS, of l.is owu raie.ng,or recent impor- tatioi.,und warranted to be as represented. He .8, also, manufacturing all the most appnnvvl .A -r e t .ra Implements, am. iig whirh he w!.•.•!. lor IfKi plants !?:t wi:i A's.i, (•', T",- 'I' scrip SflRl li.<,j Mr.iW otrried. Da'alias, R. ses. Vcrbena-s, FarLdiiis, Chrysanthemums. \e.. including every new v-riety of the present season. Stocks for Nurseryirien and amafcnrs.both fruit and ornamental ef evcrv description. Pear Seed of first rate quality. Address HM W a T^ON' Plymcmth, Mass. Carriage paid ta H. ston. Catalogues seni post-panlon applicatimi. ] Kl 1 r .\\1> (►!:.\.\M!,.\ ! .\ !, IKKi-:.^ i'l'll s am: At the Fair-View Nur.series .Mowrestown, iJurlinwtoii Co., N J. — on.ooi) Apple Trees, from » to 10 and Vi feet high, embracing •about ijOSeioet Varieties, ripening in succession from the earliest t'> the latent. Also, a largi; quantity « Priiit Trees have principally been worked from standard trees which leaves Icil little rooin ti> doubt as to the correetiicss o( th* Fruit, which has taken the preimurn at Ihe Pennsylvania Horticul- ' taral S)eicty and othe rs ;" ir tiie .isl ten years. 5(i,(K.K) Deciduous and \.\> rurceu Ornamental Trees and Shrubs. • ieh as Sugar and Silver .Maples, American and F.uropean .Monn- , t on Ash, Lindens. Horse-Clu snut.?, American linrch. o\ a large ■ize, suitable for road and street planting j Halm Uileads, Norway i Aug. 1, 1?->1. Purs Arborvitas, Pines of different varieties, Junipers, F.ngli»h . — #^»t A*ii-fc and Irish Yew, Cedars of I..ebanon, Double and .Vmgle Spucia, ■ Gl'ANO, ■uiUble for Ccuetencs. Uiwiis and Private Yards ; B..rder8, etc;. 1 pj^^y, .x>; ^„a Palagoiiia Guano for sale in bdi to suit puil M i:.xte,„li: u' Point. Self-Sharpeninjr, Surface nnd Sub.««oii /'Uw.-* will h I r ihirabdity and easv of draft is yet uiie(iualled. Th-j.freata;^vantages these Plows possess over all others y their peculiar c(.nstruction and the sub.^titutionof Ca. anu i aiag...ua ..ua„w .o. --^:^'^.^;T --— »"■ ^am. Descriptive Catalogue. fy^lf^f-';.';!»/j^?,'''J»;'jI,;,^,;f^^^^^^^ To'\"i, *:*ontU Water st., a few door-.aboTc D-ck st . PhiFa. cant! 288 ADVERTISEMENTS. [DKCEMnrn, isrA.] ADVKKTISEMENTS. 2 so I M()M(;()\ii;i(\ s UMUVAl.LKl) l.Ml'i:<)\ i:i> U0( KAWAY Tlu8 celebrated FAN haBl.ttMi i!...rough:y t08ted niul fou.ul »<> Mtc.-l i.ll uUktb U..VV ill UFf f(.rH.-j)iinc: l"** .unt-rrnl kimlsof uruii* Tl.iH ni,i.r.»vc...cul by M<...ig.>,nrry dc iin.U.f r cons.aU m a (l.ai- We slme-tlio larger slioe-A as cuiiin-Mily atiaclitd t.. svuuiowi.i^ mafluucs, l.aviMg uroi.vcs nilu vvhuh ihc bcrceu., s.evti or e.cv« boards arc til ul ami r«.'»t. . • ^ .. r. U. 'ni« curved ai.r.n upon whicli the grain falla after passii^j Ibroueli a hopper ahove. i . „ C ri.e d .01 which is made to extend across the curved npron II audopcwiig back .m hinges U.wards the front end of shoe A, r^surtatupou ii.e front part of the apr,.,. H. Ihe grain paBScH aionj,' the curved apron B and ihrongJi the aperture of ine d(K.r C oiidfaiiH upnu ibe screen D underneath. he apron 18 carried over the screen D on to the screeii underneath, whilst the screen- iiics i.adB iiir.aij'l. the Bcrcen D into tne shoe U underneath, and «re carried aha.K lh« botloiuol the shoe (J to the ce.uie, vvhcrea s,H.ut H receives ilie screenings and carries them down behind into a tM>x below llie b..ltoni of the shoe A. The gram is carried back on U> t»ie gram U»ard underneatli perfectly screened. „ ^ . „ . The persons wh.. have already u.sed these C.HAIN FANShnvc iK.t only iHu.ken m tlitlering terms of thein, but prefer them t(» all other* ihcy have used-and very many ol tlie best Aj>ncu!luri«t» have KP'en their certificates thai the fact ol these machines screen- UiK tiie^-rain twice by one and the same operatKui is tlie very \m- nrovcmcal llir> have haiR desned. Our farmers will now have the m..M perfect winnowmg machine, which spreads the griin oxfii ih- u..i.er bcreen more perfectly than any others now in us<- Thm iniiirovrinent iR »'• valuable as to have induced the inventors aju! iiiiunfat lurern to make application f..r Lellers Patent. All orders luT the inachmes will he promptly attended to by {}\v nnd.rK.^'ned. J VKiNH .OMKU V k HKOrm.K Sept Ibil. L.oRaster city, la. TllK KKLl IHiROWKirs liAND-nOOK. Kncourii;ed by the very warm comniendati«)ns of this work, re- ceived alike from experienced HorMculturista and trom the wludly iiifxptrieiieed, tiie author ventures with some coufidciice to sub- mit It to the pul)lie at hirge. Notes of all tlie important 'juestions on fruit culture asked of the writer during the last ten years with a thorough research of I o- fn(d(»gical works, have contributed to render this volume us cou»- plete aH poRsible, m convenient compass. To the lolliolder who wishes to make the most of a few plants and lilUe riH)in, as well as to the extensive planter who wishes to nrrMM^ie and cultivate his gardens in the most economical and pro- fitalile maimer, the Hand liook will be found a useful companion f(«- frequent reference. IV 1 rice, FIFTY CKNTS. Two copies, post free, (ct SI. ' Address, WM.G WARING. •ept. li«t. Boalsburg, CenUe co., Vn. nOUBLK-ACTINO. T.IFT AND FORCE PUMPS Tlir subscriber munufactures Doulde-actuig Lift and Forc« i*uinps. of all sizes, fur Factories, Ilreweriri, Tku Works, kioi l^iqiiids, :'!!•;!■ I,. I '"'il'!' 'if : 'iri.il sn I I ; mm It- : B 1 - '4-^. ii-.ii '!f I ' 'If V'':** PENNA. TAIKM AdKNCY OKI UK. Inventors and otheif, hnving business i«» traiifiact nt tli" I uit-'l States I'atejit ollicc, are hereby irforined. that the nml. rsigri' I will attend promptly to all buHiness connected with said olTiee, and Will complete rersp'^elivr :iiul SectKnial Draw iiit,'», Jind all reijii.- sUe papern, Caveats SpeejiiculK.ns. Di.sclaimen". AssigniM'-its. A • and make liic pr(>per appliealioiis for tht* securinj of I.ell'.is ["s te*»t, according t) !;iw. MAnilMSTS AM) INVKNTORS will rave tiiTi'". trouble and r xpellSf^ by first cdnsiilting him. «:«l tJie strietcPl secresy will be 'ilscfvcd, relative to their iiiveiitn ' • nn<\ I lairr.s The office Ia at present located in Centre Slaiiicd relative to the laws and rup'n of the \< S IV.tent ( ffiffl- All the requisite papers, dr.iu inq.'^ .-md tn.idris will be pr.'iniUlv «jkI carefully forwarded t^i \\ nRiiii.gti.r. cir) free ol rhurg'- hv J.FUANKMN Kriiivirr, I.uH.MSter. Vi.T Mines, Railway Water SmtioKa, Bteamboata, iunicMtions by mail will have immediate attention. O. a. FARNA.M, 34 CUrr at , near Fultou, N. Y. • I.iCe Instil ance for llor^{^s, «tr. THE American Live Stock Insurance ComjKiny. (Stoekhi^ldpri in* dividnnily I.inble) for tli»' Ini>iir;nue of JJot^f^. Mult"^. /'»»•< i?W/j, »SA««7», Coll/*, 4*<" 1 ag:onj«l I'lie. Water, Accidenfi "f"! I^-"' o»««. AIS'.K *i;>(m Stock driven to Eastern markets, or tran»|x'»f<»< Svwth. JOHN 11. KRICK Gener.i! Agent f.-r lVnns> Ivjinia, riolmlelphia. R!f^"rRE^f xs : W<)0<1, Abbott A, Co , ) Truitt.IJrother A Co , ' Philaddphia. Coutea A {?r(>wn, S JOHN ZIMM! IJM W, Lancaster Pa. CHARLE.S V. f'KK K Rni.lim,', P». SAMUEL H. TAYLOK, Mauch t hunk, Vn. Df. JoHH G. ScovBKTf, Veterinary Snxt^c^t May, 1851.) Examiner for I.«ancaster Co«iMi|r. Wm. D. WiLiT, Job Printer, Loncaifcer, P*. SoiuHiiy nccidentahave happened Iroiu lightning during tlie past «Hi 111 me r, that every prudent unc*. earefm farmer sliould nt once aJ, .1,1 such means aij will be m.'st <|f. itaal .11 preventing them — When it i^ remembered tlKil eei tiin jafety may be secured at a »fry trifling expense, it becouvs the duty of every farmer and c Lii^ht >inf.: Kod I'actory. Vine r^trett, J diHirs above l"2lh, IMiiladelphia These IIikIs nre firisln-d Wifii al| ihc improvements nt nearly tin- a.ime pi ices as the ohi kind. (tl "PACK'SI IRCl I.AllS.WV \\\\,\.<. {\VA)\UU-: IV\t\s(>('ii li.ihiinoro atil I'w'dt'' -i-.. IJiltiinoro. ManiiNo'tar.'.' ti« order. /V^t^'f'^ r'U'.rott'i Postahh }'< t 'it C.'rruln ^aic 3////-<- W'lth horse <'r bteMin p^wirh, cf 8<-V! ml sizes. They oJsi' niaiinfaeturc Siwiiij,' ai.d I'liuimg .Ma» liiu* s !"i>r railroiul work. Thrashiii"- Ma( hiiit s, dKlST .Ml Ll-S i.t l",.un pi;ri.. 'h'«i. C"ru am! C»»l. Criisrier.'', Trnoiiin^r .Maehines. Si:i,l) .\ M ) ( ('K\ TLWI' Kll^, INirKOVKD IK tR 1; POWLliS, COK.N Sill :LLl;H-i.^\:;■ jjerb fur Ihtid;; wel;^•, aUg^crs (vi boring feiice i^iflu, water \s liecia, forein;^ pumps, &e. Till y reHpeetfuiiy s.-ieit a share of public patr'>na:re, and wnld oe i.crin.ttL-il to feinaik. tlint their Circular Saw MM! can do juiore wiirk— aye, twice as mu' ii w^rk aa any ( tl.Lr miil with the same amiHint of power, and do it I" Uer. (sept-9 1)1111, \iii:Lriii\ V Li\i:ur<)()L \a\k or I'ACKKrs To wail from rJn!;.Ll. IoIum i o! each liioriih. l''ro!u riisla. I'ttM.: [.'vrrpodl Ship SIII:N.\M)().\II (Aj.nl I.vli Capt. W. r. Gardiner. New ship Westmoreland Capl. P. A. l>ecatj, N L w >li*' (I ."-* it V '. K :.; .A X " .v , Cap:. W. 11 W(-t. ^ \ u»' ) 'I !i ^l)e.', I'.lli .Mnv. I'vh I'l. rxh 1 ."• ( h C.Mnv ^Stpi (Jan f Jiiri" ) Oc!. .1 lllif 1st Oct. l.-l Feb. 1st .Inly Isl N..V. l-^t Mar. Nt Aun. Ihi Dec. l>t .April l.-t S^'pt. Idi .Tan. 1st .M.iv Ist I > ii i.Vli Ship M.\RY PM:\S.\NT^>. f Jii!y 1 -tli Tapi. R R. Decuii, I .Nov l">!h ( Mar< hl.rh The above fir.-^t class ships arc biiilt ot the be.-i initrri- ttls, nnd co!:iini!ui«'d by cxprru'iicod iiavi^ator.s. ])u() rp- ijiird ha>5 b^-cn jaid l<.) seltot models for .^^pced virh c 'in- * Tl lor ^)a^-■(■!l^l rt". 'riicy will .sail puticiually on the (l:iy.-' 1 ivcrli.'-f (I, taking advantage ot llio eieaiu low boats on «h(; l)t lawurt . Persons wi>hip;r to cTigae;r passa;:r for llirir friends, can «*^>t;iiii r» riilicatrs, which will Ik- ^ood iDrlwrlvc niontii.^. Pan.sage to Liverpool in the cabin, ^^ Forward cabin, L^^ Passaic froHi Ijm rpool in the (•abii\ 1"C Forward cabai. '^^ " " .S-ecraijf. Ji* Those who wish to remit money, can be acTonKr»(»daf( d *'«th dr:»fis tor XI Ptrrhn^' and rpward-. ji' ^i^ilit, wnhooi diHcount. Apply to G f lO. .Mi II K N R Y vV (' O. June 1, lt..-l. U7 Walnut street. Jul K.\Ah Ul- 1 lih 1 iwANKLlN INSTPrUTE. ' o/* the Stafc of r< nnsylvnnxa, f(tr the promotiini of the Mtrhauir Arts. ^1 Mil; (ildest Mechanical l'eri the I'rankli.i Institute. Thf^ dcserveilly hiph reputation, In th at home and abroad. which tills Journal has actpiired and aiist.tined, has civen it a cireulntiu* , ami exchange list of ilie best character, winch emdiies the Cora- ^ miltee on Pnblnations to make the beat selections from foreign Jonrnuls, and to give circul.t'.iun to original comniniiieittions oil mecdianieal and Bcienlifie subjects and mtices of new invent H'lis; notices of all the l'atent.«( is/.iied at the I ateiil ()ir;<-e. Waslnnpfon i I'lty. arc pablialod in the Jonniil. t i^t ther with a liiri;e aiii' unt i-f j ioti)rni ition mi .M( ihauH s. (in niislr\ . ami ( ivi ! Kngine< r mi;. »!v- ri vei'. from the latent and bf .st aiitliorif ics 'Iti.H J.inrnal is pnbi.siied mi the tir t >( eaeli nv iifh, ea^h niim- ■ her cont'uniii':^ al least sivciil; t\\'> pai;e)<, an. liigg ;>n copper ai: i nu wtx^l if tiii se Hubjeefs wli;fii require tli' in. I'li' H'lliseriptioii priie is f'v l)iiii,ir:i ;>■ r annum, pay;>!il(» (>d the (•< nupletion of the si \lh iiiiintM r ; ai;ii it \% . 11 be fi r w tril- il fr»*e <>i pout >ge when five d' I'ars are rrn.ilt' >! t" Hm: .\' t iir\ ti'.vtagt pM I I) iM advance f<.r mie \»Mr'rt sn'siriptmn. I oininuan'utions and le Iters on tniHiness nnu't If direi ii .1 t. > " th« ' Actuary of the Frankim hull'ite, riiiladelpbia, ?'eini9\ I vnnia," tlie p. stage p. ,! NV.M IJ \ M 1 l/IO.N. ' Aagiiil I, I.- 1 .V' Hi iry, f. I. I ' TO 1\|{MI:KS. 1'I,.\\ IKHS, " M wiwY 1 I. \i;i'FNKK- A. '>! iii.K \ ri:n' v P. T, I ' OR AHTIKirHL ^7 .1A'> M nuifarlurrti onf>i ih h' I.W I I:/I ii CO. ! /A/ . / .\". b', y-'/v .S7^, Am/ )• '/:. I '^I'lII^ manure is -^o c iinbined, that th»! Amnioi.i.T and other fer- 1 lilizing gases are absorbed, nxfl ainl are Riven out t. vepr- ttiti.in only ;«s II requires them .No ro'., miivlevv. wrin, liy or ' other iii?eet •••in appriKieh it: an iiiportint eonsub-ration to("ariii»-rB generally, but paiticniarly in potiito planling It will be admirably Mtlapteti to tile r« novation, restoration and Urtiiizmg y<[ such land* nn have been worn out. II may be used broadcast, after the gratn. (jfo n House r iiPs. !• lowers, Vines, Wall Fr rt.&c .and morethan a thouB«nd eeUilieates from the most cflebrat»il farin-l leni..^ I ■ its fjfut value as h lertilizer. ,V pamphlet conUiining these certificates chii be had, by applying to the mannfutiirers 'I'hkttkr la om.t o>k ( i:*t PEP r.>rM)' It is put up in bbls. averaging 'i3o lbs., (-r in easKi, fr.lii l(l(HI, to 1 Jl!0 it)8. "ri'.K.M"-. ( acti. CT a; pf' vr(] er-'dit on delivry. Persors wifh- .ii» to l.nv til'* artii-ic tosell aeain wi.l beal'oweda liberal rom- An.irrM KII.NTI- k « (». rniPHion Aug I, \-^j\ N.) \i\ VriK >hi\ New ^ I'tk. AdKNCV H. Ill IST» NURSERYMAN &, SEED GROWER, UAS always on hand at his ft^'ed Siort*, 97, ('hpf^nut i*lreet, I'tu'ailelphia, a l-'irge stock t^( Sreds of his own ?ri)wih, a V(ry tmj'Oftantitrrn to ]>urrhn^- ' <•, us he i,« a pra \ ears. II.s nurBe- '■r K^ uul isamp.ly storked with F not, Shade and Ornaiuental Tree 3, accurately nmned and prv)perly cultiviited I'.very nrticle Sold at w» eiowejit rates, and wnrrantrd to be as rrprcsented. Ser.tSi,,re. 97 Chesiiut Street, rhiiadelphia . Nurseries nut! ?eed Fartn.'Darbv Road, two mi'es bc'ovr (.ray's Ferry. June 1, ^^^51. n lU'IST. HKNRY I.TKIPI.FR. (^'ucc^.^sor to J()Sfph P. U (\>ct''n ) Dealer iu Cir.-iKN and <;ardci**^ceilH, No 49, Market Hirrei, I'hiiadolphta. ^'/• tJi'. J U'--/iilr '>t' {/.ijjroWiJ l-v^d of STOCK r.-itt!'* if .nnthe diHereiil breedg, sheep, swinr. poultry, Ac. pi-rehaKCil to order . :ind e'UefnllN slopped lo any part of Uie I'liiled Stat"*, f"r whn h a n- 'derate coinmiRSiori wdl U* r*-.rg.d. The followine nre now on tlo- iist, ar.d for 3 oe, vu : Tl;ortmgh bred Short Horns and Ur.iile Cattle. do do Alderney do do do do .A', rshire do do do do l)ev. MB do dk> do do South l)'>wn Slorp do do (ixfordshire do do do Leiee«tr--ed« Al' b frri P'""' V^^'' wHl i;pron.ptlvaU-nd.:dlo Ad.'r,.- A.MMl.M 1-'^'J'-VI\ August bl-M ' -' '^ «» • °''"^^* ^A_»il'Jl- GIANO AM) PLANTER Tlir unlseribers oH- r for «.-iir .it the lowest m.-trL.t rste*, 1 IIMKI Tons l>iv ratagonm (Jumo. f,00 '* Governnnnt Prruvisn Gunno. jnl Idds Hroiind I*in>ter. ... . Tiie (inal ts ^4 'he above is niifurpafs^-d, tnd can he recommrrwi- ed with co„|u!enc« to farmers and ott rr. in v/ant of the article*. A l.ber-.' dtducln.n made to ^'"^"^'>^^J7; .^^^I'l^^.p^.-^, ^m. No 2*2 fc 'Ii i^ Wharves, First Sljfc abv»ve Ches. it . !Mol«. July I. T>rilK*ulh Down ^h^no of Pure Rlond #i.t 1<' lid 'l'fl/\U VI'^^M I. July 1 •:!!. JA8 TUORNTO.N.Jr Bybtrry, rUilndelphU Co. !»?n' • i„ ^i'^Viji^ ADVERTTSEMii^NTS. fDi:cF:3T *-r<***4wi FRUIT & ORNAMENTAL TRKKS, &C. Tlio gul)scnl)r?r» S'jlicilthHutteMtion of Nurserynicii, Orchanlists :iii.l Aiuiiteurs, to llujir i>ie.scnt large and tine stock of iNurscry Ar- r^TANPARD Fkjit TiiEKs. for Orchards; thrifty, well grown, Jind hmi'lsonie, of nil tlic bi-ht \';iri'.tic3. Dw.\Ki- I'UKiis, i.ir st comijlotj'. Lsv-^Ufc- I'r.AU 'ruKKn. Our collfction conRists of well known K'udin"- vnrulMS, !in-.l nhtnlxrs ni.rc th;ii» ISOjOOO Siileahlti trocs — 'lilt- »'j|)..'ri.»rity oi tin^si-,, li» infj grown in the c<»niilry, over iniport- r.l iri'cs la u'«:il known to t very inlolligcnt cnltivalor. Notiiuig, ill f.icl, in llim co.ujiry, can ccjnal our collection of Tear TrccH — 'J ii. y can bn had from Oi\r. Ui four years growth, Bonie of whicli lijf now covered witli fruit. DWAiu- Arri.L; 'I'kkk.s. We cultivate in large (j'lantities the Ijt-Hl and iianils inicst varicli»'3 of applets on Do\icain and I'aradise wt icka Tor Hwaris ami Tv rainidjj, and can furiii.s!i tlnai in lar;;*' u la'.itilifS. from one to i\\o \c:iis gr iwtli. UwARf CuKKKV TlJKK-*. All tlic I'-aMiiii: V irii-lics arc cnUivatrd (Ml .Malta i-li f-l 'cks. «*xtfn6i\'<'ly. We can ( iii iiirfii l»y tl.e I.iiikIil;! ii,i,i tlioasand fionion<' to two years ;;ro\\iii. i^IlKRllY tLUHA.M, the lafgesl vai u ty La .ua r;>\var .!.s ( t 1,000 piantti (Ml liHiid. I'^MiM'.n (iooSF.KElJUIKS. all tlie !c*t Sorts. l.AUr.K I'KL'iTKn .MoMiii.'* IJasI'BKRUY, tliat gives a crop of fmr fi'iit in the aiMtiam. SiKAwnKUKiiis, ul'i the heat soitiJ. Ornamental Shade Trees of good size, for streets, parks, Sec, large: anil well grown. Choice Trees and Sliruhs, for lawns and ])lcnsuie grounds, in- cluding all the finest, new and rare artudes recenlly iiitrodneed H\lti)Y I-IVKKHUEKN ThKF..s. Ni)rway Spruce and Halsain l'ir,(>f small size, m large (pianlili.-s ; and u moderate snpp'y ri large iwi«. I'l ofcgs.ir \,,y. ton, eonunenc. .sm .1 iiunry (.1 r.u-U ye;ir, aad c hav attend- ed it 111 jirevioiis years. U.anbrace.sa |i'aiii coimk et.'il 'utliiieot liie leailoig j)oii;ti in iinprovrrl ai>ri( nil lire, treatiig in success:'.! of the coiirpositi.n of ttir soi;, the pl.mt and t.'ie animal; of their coiinecti^m.s wirii each other, and of all the improvcnuaits in culti- vation. Ill innriiig, feeding, and fattening, which have been :i(hiiit(rj 1.1 the best aiirieiiltnral region.'-i Tins c-curse i.s made so plain ami praclical, thai the fanner who attends ,tcaii understand the wliolf, and apply it in hts own c.xje'rienee. •^I re r Ml !),• leiinieil b V a 1 1 f luhi iicc u pou such lectures, hy renib iiig ill e(aini etioii \\ ith l!icm, and by assoei iting with others \\h^ are also desirous i.f nbta iniiur a better knowledge cf Ihtir i)rcf»B- sion than in \ i ar.s away (ruin siich advantages The young lariarr learns to thiiiU tor hiUiSelf, to 8ee that a jiraetice is in't neee.s.sari'v right because It JS old, to understand the reasons for all tliat hr does, and with this inerease of knowledge is belter able to nuke farming |)rof!tabIe as well .ts interesting. Iloara and lodging may be procured at from Jr'J to S3 per week and the Ticket for the Lectures is !i?10. In connection w th the I>e( tares is a .short T,nl)oratory course, ly means of wiiudi those who desire it. are taught to test soils. m:ii:- ures, marls, Ac . in a simple way. and to make many elementary examinations of a highly usel'ul character. The charge fcr lli» course is JR'2). 'i'o those strdents wlio go through the full Laboratory course the charge isaboit ^'^OO per annum, nnd they can be admitted at aav period of the year ;it a proportional chnrg«". I'T lartlier inl'ormatioii apply tii Prof. JoiiN P. Norton. New- Haven, Conn. (sept-U ninli I •! il a tasli - urate deliiii .iti iii.s st> and ('esisii. TH K MODEL ARCil ! TKTT, A series iff' or'ujiiud dcsiifus for t'<»'tttol- /f;)Hs'rs\ (i'r., dr.. f'j/ S.rhnnf Sfn'/n, .Ir-'/. Tlie .ibovc work is designed to una t the wisln .s u.it only of lli...v;e (lireclly interested in building, i'Ut o( nil ih> se who iiisne tlie ad- v;ineeii'ient of this no])le art in our eountry. and \\i>li to < uitivate tbeir taste and aeipiaintMiee with arehilei t iire Tin- h niHs .me inHnner in which it is ; repared and emiie!!is,'ied fill ornament f>r the drawing r > an, while itsa( give it the higheht pr.otical value. The projector Will hnd in It ev rv \irotv oi • ceompauied. as mentioned btdow, by all minnlia m et .';sar;. tocon- ■M uetiou. Ijy lis aid he may build willn ut tlang. r of making tiioke ludicrous nnd expensive mistakes which «i) often occur The operative artisan of every grade will find the wt>rk of ines limable value. It is a eompW te book of ret'ereiiee, and all plates are drawn to a scale with the utmost aeciiraey, so that he has only to sindy them with his rule ai.d eompass. The work, in two vohimes of twelve numbers each, to be issued nianthly. until complete. Kaeh number contains four l.ithigraph K.'igravings of original di'sigus, var\ iiig in ci si i^f ( rretii>ii iri m J^'^IK) to !i?l4,0(K). There are also fcuir sheets of det.iils aca-oiu- P'lnying the designs, comprising ground plans, Ac, iV e lb siiles this, ea(di number contains eight pages of letti'r-pre*s, descriptive of the designs, giving extended mc( ounts of the v.arious styles »4h»pted, essays on warming, ventilation, Ac, Ac, elaborate spe- cifications, estimates, tables, nnd in short every thing desirable, either for construction or for general information, in beautiful type; the whole being executed (Ui the vcrv !i h st paper, manufactured express'y for the work. Prick 50 CKNT.S A M .MiUlM Address, post-paid, Iv S. JONKS A C , rulih.Kher?!. S. W. cor, lib aiel Haci' Kt.s , Phihi.. Pa. Persons forwarding a list of five suhseriliers accompanied with l^e cash, shall receive n sixth copy gratis. septly FIXK STRAWT^EP.T^Y PT,.\NTS. Strnwherry Plants of sevenl vnrietieg and fine quality can be Had hv the hundred or thfiusjind at the low price of !b»1 jier liundieil, by addresgii>g vriiti amount encUscd, JAMRS 0'Cf).NN««. Siife Harbor, [.iiurasler eo,, Pa All'order« will receive prompt attcMtioa. (tept IS.H. Tin; MVdNKTir TJCTiTXixr; ]\n]). TIIOS AH.Mri'A<;KS P.\1']:NT .MA(..Ni:riC Lli.ill.MNf^ IKM) — Theptteiitee takes p'f.ism l- in informing his fru luib ai.tl the public in general, that aiir many years' close investigatu:! and nunurons expcrinn-nts, he has finally arrived ;it the true prn>- ciple of maimfacturing and putting up Lightning R. ds and PoiiiH and IS now ready to serve his fnends and the public in general. :>' the sh irtest notii-c, at his iiianut"a''l"ry, \'I\ I' .-street, above Iv'th Philadt Iphia. south si le, where all |)erscais are reppectfully invited to call .and examine for themsels rg, t !i ik liciiig the on! \ place wher' they e,ni be jMirehased. This i..d ha.i heen examined l>v the mo»t seicptihc giaitlemen imw living who hn\-(> proiuajneed it to he Ih only safe H.xi that has heen put up or .simmi. N. \i —Patent Rights aie now ollVred for States. counticR or ill!*- till tx in the ruited Slates, Pliiladtlpli la and Chester eoimtieS tX- eeplcd. .\-4e1uMcs ean lie f,>rmeil be c.aMin:: at l''e Tafdory. Vi.'.e slfctt al>o\<> Twelfth, soulli fci.le, Pinladelplila s' jil 1-1 ' THOMAS AlJMlTAGi:. rOTT \(^r FT'nXTTT'TUv WAin^'ICK .V Co., are constantly manul'acduriiig new and np- propri.ate dcMgns of tnamelled, painted and Cottage Furniture, lj)lii:i. Constantly on hand a large tml well seleetpd usst^rtment of GutJeit, FifldjffraM ami CnriJ^n Seetit^ Fruit Tretfj Graye !'»•'<'-*• Httsef, ^e. Horticulturnl Impleimentsin great variety. Cutalogues'forwardcd on pcgf jMiid application. (■^P -4t i I I I — ri O"^, Sj?-' ~ ^ '^- -T S ^^ « ^ <^r ir '3c?t^ i W.^^ '--%»■»* — 1 "MVIHW^W^ \i L.\.\r\sTi;i}, r.\., .i.\.\r\i;v, iv- NO. 111. T II 1; lAJiM .10 1 K.\ AJ.. S. S. !J \ 1,1)1 :>1 \\\ IMItor. For the Farm Journal. The Ini jioit ;i !i' »■ ■■!" \:;ii:!illur;il 1 ".(liiCtil iom. i;v jdiiN I-. ni..\KK, i>. I). ^^ hat i.s a;:r*H'iiltur:il (Mlno:ition ? Th;* qno.^'tion ir* i;.>ro pnijniuiHkMl that :i reply in:iy )u^ irivon . lor tlio iiiasso.-* of tlio airrioiiltttral comininiitv do not soomto kiinw wliat it is, jilthoiiLrli it has boon a romnion tu]»ic ol' (lorl.iination in tlio annual !i;i,Ticiiltin nl aol inoio t!ian half a ocntiiry sineo. Wa^hiniz;ton inciil- t-;itrf;ite. wer»» consecrated to it. 'I'iio ,\.t t> l-o laiuoi,;' d dildir" Ihifl, (d New ^ i'rk. dov(d(\l t.»it tiio i.r^t ]h,\\. •'■'■s of his acconiplivii .,1 mind. If wo ]..,]< farih. r n irth an 1 o'\>rward lor '..in ):•,■. i la'^-r^. v^ -Mil! tin. I t!iat tho vcnera' 1" TiiM ,t};\ I'l •!.,,. rinir, the companion "i >N a.'^hington. ^^:l- ,i.' tnu h distin;xuished tor his efiorts in the cause of Ji^rictiltural education as he was in tho science of trovernmeut and tho political history of his country. An i the veni^nihle John Lowell, ot liiiston, one of tho most accMmplishod ^eholars of his tinv\ <|»road an nndNiu:: h:il > ar'>Mnd rural literatun; ;ind ao:ricuitiir,il science. .\nd ihe rvvntly decoase us, the apathy and tho want of apprehension on subject, nnionp; tho maRses of our agriculturists •aradox. We know not how to account for it. — ▼ OL. I It I>oth instinct and reason '-■eom opposed to it. Inter- est too i.s ».ppos(«d to this tipathy: sind, we nii^hr seemingly with as mui-h success apply touur h"j;isla- turcs, for hall' a million of dnllar"* to mako l>alloon.'' to go to tho planot Jupiter, a!< to expend it in or^ran- izin;: our coUc^r.^j* and common .«ichools for tlie purpo- ses of agrirultur.il (Nliication. Why is this? Is it because the multitudos of our firncrs think it unn'^- cos.sary : think that the boin;:; born . n a farm is suf- ficii'iit for tho labors of a;^riciilture ; that with tho.^o being m born, thoro is as mudi of an instinct f« r tlnvse labors, as thero is with th" m-wly droppo,] (.^jf or colt for tindin-' the natural f(»od vi.dd'xl by its dam.' So far aro thoy tVom sup]>osing th;»t books and study are needtiil to t!ie successful [iroeoeution of theHo la- bors, that they imag-ine all n>av b(» loarned in a cnm- paratiyely short jx^riod of p(^rsoual observation during the season of tillagi^. U it mvt a fact, that we might suppos" tlioy thiiik tho m-'ridiaiit may at.M,'. moment f'-r-ako hislodgor and hi- ' .ink 1. ..k-. tic hla»'ksmith i 1 i - ; 1 1 1 \ i 1 ; I n d ! >■ • ! tl- -lik ihvsician his saddlo liafr** 1 h' . lorr MmI':: an aii'i 111- n -' I'niM l">"i;. th'- r;;:!or 1.;- pre.-s hoard an 1 i. -tr-. aii'! tli- >h't 'iiialv' r ios bri.^tl -^ and his lap -n.U(\ al:iii d:seas(»s : ftud, above all, the antidotes and reni'MJies kn<.wii tn exist and constituting- the mysteries of the in liiu"- ait. They avcU know th\t a theological education embraces a lamlliar knowledge of ancient languages, ])articularly those in which our sacred books wero originally written, with a histoi-y of ancient usages and customs, having relation to ihem, and v.ith the well established and authorized interjxittition to the^•e books. Tlun' well know that aleiral cducatitMi i mbracts A thonaigh knowledge of the acknowledged principh's of justice in the diverslJied ramiticati(tns of l)usiness and })n>perty, as understood by connnon usage, and as settled by our courts of jurisprudence. They well know that a mercantile education (ni!>rac(.'s a knowl- edg(! of trade in all its departments — the various kinds of merchandize — whence* tlx'y are obtained — whore they will be wanted — what is their ])resent or ))rospectiYe value — together with ev(M*y fact con- uocted with judicial and monetary o})eraiions, wln'th- or of interest or exchange. And they well know that u mechanical education embraces a knowledjre of the raw materials re(jui;iito in the formation of any ju-e- scribed object; of tin; various tools necessarv in pro- •lucing such forniutiMn ; in,,]. ('v]K>i'ialIy dI" a i.tnrilrir habit and experience in using ilp m. Are not our farm.>rs !".ini:l!,ir w ii !i a'l i!i'~ '.' ! >o t!i"\ not generally act wl'li a!! retjuisite wisdom :mm1 shrewdness in regard to it? Thev surely (h). I; tii'V have a son, designed to be a phvsician, do they sim- ply furnish him with his saddle bags, his nostriims, aid his ponoy, and send him direct from the plough, on missions for the curing of f(n'(M's, for performances in ol,'stetrics and for the amputation ot limbs? If tlicy wish to make him a divine, do they send him direct from the plough to the ])ulpitwith no prepara- tion but a suit of black clothes ? I f they wish to nnike him a lawyer, do they send him innnediately from the manure heap to tho bar, with no [(reparation but a green bag and a quantum of impudence, the oifspring of ignorance ? Or, if they wish to make him a mer- chant do they not place him fi : a due period of time in a counting house of established reputation ? Or, if they wish to make liim a mechanic do they not place him as an apprentice for live, six or seven years, with an artist well skilled in his particular vocation? It id all so. This is as it dhuuld be. This is the way to make young m<'n respectable in their sev.-rnl i.r f(^ssions, and to enable them to bei-ouic ('miii'ii! - This is the secret why so many youi»g lai n fiom ;... ; distri(;ts ])ecome so distinguish.'d in tiie l(;irn..l i.r.. fesaions, in merchamlise, and In the m(?(luiiii.- art< It W(»uld seem that with such an an-av offi.-is |, fore us, there would be no difficulty In t.'!!In'«- tli.-,,. cess for an agricultural education ; and that fanner. would be prom|»t in pro\Idingit foi- tlieir soiiv; v.;.. are to succeed their fatliers in tilling the groun.l.^ ThesMil like every material object is siibj.M-t t »cli;i;i - liki' an aniMial i'tvin. fV..!ii u^f it I)'coiii»'s euiTvati-, •III'! r.iiiii ioi- its legi'.iiaai'' f:i::cti x- tcmtion to tlu» use of food, lieconn^s feeble and soin- tlmes sicddy. Whai i-ihendoiu*? Whv a i)livsiri:/ .is bnnight to his aid ; regiisien is pi-cscribed \\,\- }ii::i. medicine is adinlnistcrev III ''"J • ous torrmts, ]i;e^ not failed ;ii.\ ma-e to satistV it. » \\ i'''ii iMi-r!ir,l ail ! \ liirst v, now . in {[■.■• nineteenth (■' n- lury. liian when the Pniit;ui< v.ere spnnuling tli' ir." seK OS over \("A- Kn-lan 1, >j.l\ the restorative process to the soil, t!i> :• should br an agricultural physician — a chemist, li' will t(dl at once how it ran be done, as well as i'-' regular practitioner In the h*'aling art, can tell li-'* to purify and rej)lenish the blood, or to remove blK"' fever from the human svstem. A'<-ricultural eJuoa- tion teaches the process for restoring a worn out !="-• the best process of tillage ; il.. liest kinds of aniniii^ to renuuifrate the owner ; the best rotation of cr.'j"^ to prevent exhaustion of the soil ; the best imph'»»' ''■ in rural culture ; and, indeed it teaches whatevir i? connected with the amelioration and profits of »<-''"'' cultural labor. Agriculture should as much be taud'* in all our schools as arithmetic, or granunar, or <:'''"'s' ra])hy. Till this is done, every farmer must Jop* u*i COMMUNICATIONS. 29,3 ii»Bi uwm 1 1 ^' ■ipi ■■■ ■■! Wi I I 1^ >i|wwwiT'i» ■■■■■■Ilia I iM naa ■JiiM'i P ■■■■Kl« «n ^vl: lly on agricultural books, e.gric ulturai journals, perfect grain, is a bad one and leads inevltablv to a riiid on t!ie improveil mod(>s of culture among his , failure (.f tho crop. Tle^re are verv f-w .seasons in t lirctlirai and neighbors as madf> known in agricultu- • which for reasons very dillicult to get at, the wheat rf\l l:il:s, ol For the Farm Journal. is not laid. S onetimes it is ascrilu^d to II 'ssian flv, sometimes to the ground boing t«»o highly mainnvd, and the stem being weak nrd by overgrowth; bul throwing asiilc tho c:ui(d\*e. wheth- <)n cliange vV Seed. .Ml!. Kj.:tok:_As you live In a county nanarkable ' .j. ,^,.,,i,, f,,,j,j plants 'that hale b:>en laid, and which u.r it^ good .-ultlvatlon. aiid espviallj/ f-r Its cn.p< j necessarily Is an imporfect seed, is [\i to be Si.wn. 1: .{•^^heat, can you, from s..me of your woll-Inform--d ^ niay, as we have said, goimlnate. but can wo a.>ure finii'-rs, get any satisfactorv practical inf)rniation a> to tho follow ing ]ioints : )urselves of a g .., I cr^.p ..r ;i hoalthy fruit. A\ •' b«^ lieve every expt riem*ed agrlculturi>t, has dorldod l4. Wh.^ther a fre(pient change of seed, is a onr- : this point, and against the sowing of .s I that is in f' '1 and judicious procoiMJing, and whether, on 'j:«»(id soil and under good tailtivation, v.c may not >ow th« 'i:\VM' si'< «l on the stimo farm, so long as those two I'wndlfious continuo. 1 am aware there is a prejudleo in favor (.f fre(|Uent changes of seed, and I am also •itain tliat I have suMcrecl, fr(»m vieldinn; to thi> |>rejutiie(». My observation, is docidedly against it, i'Ut mv experi(^nc(* has not been suflicientlv lou"- in authorl/a* me to be very decided and dogmatic. About once in two or three years, the farmer, (»r .« ni"' farmers, think it necessarv t<» trv the seed from the farm of some one else. It does not seem to bo "f nmeh t'onse((uence, whethor it comes frian a neitato. or from another part of the world, the oljoct >erni.s to be tiic excitenvnt and novelty of new seed, vithoiit regard to circumstanc.vs. Is this prejudice and this action upon it, right? (tr 1' not one of those ill diirested ami unreflectinir im- pulut mu< h tiio larger portion of farm -rs reserve this bad grain without a question, and Inive W(» not in this practice an (>xeol- lent reasi.n f>r the failure ( it not from this source too, that much of the land in the cuinitry has be- come gradually unfitted fur the raising of large crops of wlu'at, of which at one time the country could Itoast? In this wav, we have the farmer plavinir into the hands of his own ruin. The rule should be the same In sowing eoMvMcrwhat are the conditions, that nnikc^ "^'•'•d ^\orth the sowing. In tl:e first plae<', it should to have eminent success in It, or desires to improve it. Bat it is tln^ same with every occupation, botli the Soul and mind must engage in the W(»rk, or the individ4uul and his pursuit, will be stationary. A man should do something more than like a chicken, merely scrat< h over the earth to collect his morning worm — he has, or should have, a purpose and a de- si;rn hi;rher than to irratify the mere aninnil wants of Ins nature. On this seemingly insignificant point, of whi( h we ■■•■••«• ••• 11" 111. -'I ii|.i«', II r-iiiittiM v_. ..V... --.v. ...... j^.^, -f^ J - be p 'rfoctly ri]»e or matured, and then < arofuUv yw- \ are speaking, depends vastly more than would be ^•M-vod. so th.it It mavnotsuffa- the slbduo^r deterlor- ; disch).«ed upon a superficial examination. It Ini'^ mo- :uion, before being put into the ground to leproduce. I ral as well as physical results. There is deep disap- It is a matter of common observation that impt^fect, badly matured seed, will germinate, and somctinie.«5 produce healthy plants, but the chances are the other ^ay, and tlu^ disposition, no matter how favorablf the circumstances, is unquestionably to disease. A? a practice, therefore, the sowing of unhealthy or ini- pointment and mortification in a failure; there is waste of time, labor and land ; there is perhaps an abandonment of the soil, a change of pursuit, or a hange in the crop, and the mod«» of farming. All these may follow on the wrnt of care, the want of ob- servation, the want of reflection, and too hasty yield- COMMUMCATinXS. oo' 20G COMMUNTO A TIONS. |.Tammt?v ing to the opinion of others, ;ind tu the lorming of ! Wo cannot venture to do it, and should like tlit- ...x pression of an opinion from some oxperi»^neo(l ani obKervin^j;; fanner, 'j'here is another point on \\\i'u'\' we sliould like to hear soinetliin^. Is it a fjcH,*! oj- prejudice. But wo will suppose that the farmer has acceded to the supposed necessity of a change of seed, an^'^ practice to rc-sow the grain tliat you have just is better than his own? Does it look better, or does j harvested? It has this objecti«.n, you cann-.t vW it weigh more, or has he gained any thing, but the ' whether you are or are not putting in th.« -miui.I, sim]de change? Does he know the soil wlipre it ; nuwli 1,ad or imperfect grain, whereas that of th grow, the mode of cultivation by which it was raised? J^ar before has givc^n som<> evidence of its vitallty.- lle cannot answer, perhaps, one of these (luesticms ; -^^ tli.-r. ar. ]>r.h,N r,r i,np^T•tan.■,^ if ^-ould b. dui. yet he has m)t hesitated t.. i.mk. a Na.u- ;nul ui.rrr- ' -^ ^^'^''^'^ f'^^'"- '" ''"' a;;rnn!l ur.il comiMunity, \Umv, ft. tain experiment, liii'ltf Hi*' iiiipn!~f and lnl!u''iice of an opinion iha! }ia< l>iit a j'i>lilc rniiielatioii. and ■\vhicli ba> forced him iutn the sti^'ii'j; tidi' nl' a bad custom. V, hile tli<' tiaitli i-. ll'.at it '\< lii.< want ..{" in- telligence or industry that eauses his inl'm-iority a^ an agriculturist, and that he who sdN him th-- -rain is superior from great(M* care, zeal, lalt.i' ami atten- tion. It may be that the nature of the st.il dill'.rs so much in the place Avhere the seed is to l)e sown, from pressinll I >!' op: i; l> 111 Wrl-f ! I-rcly gi\ .■!! A. I-. El.WYN, l'< r tlie selection > seed potatoes is past, an i the generality of fanii'': have already made up their minds in regard to t! that whence it was selected, that the experiment can , l-ii> 1 "r]M,tatoe^ th.-y intend using for ,^eed next s* but be unfortunate. Yet this is not ronsi»l(M-(Ml. nor is the equally important circumstance of climat , at all regarded ; two elements, it might bo suj)posed, of essential iniportanee, in our decision. Two ques- tions, would naturally come into every cautious farm- cr's mind, when on the point of executing; what mav be to him so serious a matter, as a change oi .se( d. son, It will perhap- !e tiss for me ti> offer ai su2;j!:eytions to your reailers in re;rard to th(^ m;Ul> : However, as there may be a few, who would likt^ t' hear a suggestion, and try a small experiment, I will oflier the one, and give them a chance to try tlif nther. Manv N'ars ;i'^), I was in^lii'-ed U> believe tliiit in First, is the person from whom T intend to pnreha-e, ' s(uvin'/ .t planting seed<, the host and most pertirtiv a worse or a better farmer than I am. ani i> hi^ -..il ; developed, were the kin 1 to be used. i;xperi(>a.rli:i' the same or different? Then he would also conshler ; satisthd me that my belief was correct. A innnhrr r ■M*- ■^- ^tr■v■wr^^ '• IS.- 2.] ,j„u.di to make the examination, tliey will find that been ha.i, and great difference of opinion exists with ir .econd growth of p<>tatoes almost invariably af- r.'gard to late an.l early sowing; our experience f. t^ the first to such a degree as to cause them ' teaches, that there is no better rule by which to gov- "tl.e first) either to rot entirely, or partially. This is ern the subj.M-t, than this :-Sow at any time before i.< H-cialiv the case in wet seasons, and for this rea- [ the first of S(»ptember, when the grounitaioe>, wi.ii^>»"r-i "^^ V . i^ I • n 1 1 hrtter crops, but insure myself perfectly against stan«l the many vici.^situdes i ha acter, and the i)lo \s in general u-^e are calculated t-* make ex- ceedinglv bad wnrk : for that wddch is called pretty ■ p'owiu'-- when everv land slice exhibit-* its exact 1„ the interh.r of Pennsylvania, from whence we -^^ ^^^^^^ prop./rtion, in a nn;ss as or even more ,]ate, wheat and c<.rn maybe sanl to be our -^^^M'l" ^^^p,,i ^j^.^„ p,.f.,,,> -.^ ,va< turned up. is a wretched productions. Of the cultivation of the former, bemg ; ^^^^^^^^ ^^^ accomplishing the object. If the w.rk of the niori' inqtortant. we }»ropose to treat at ]>resent. Our >oil is limestone, a tenacious red clay, highly im- pregnated with iron, and in nniny hu-alities with an infusion of flint gravel. Wheat is usually jait in land manured after an oats crop has been taken off, or up- on a clover sod, plowed either before or after harvest. If the farmer desires to enrich his lai.d by turning in a coat of clover, the work should always be done th,.ni '• trot it out." All that I ask is, that they will nflrr the resnl' of a fw expi'riments to te>t its va.bi". I have tried mine, and fonnd it t > an.^wer a^ w.ll in nrai'tice as in theory. hi/rox. For the Farm Jouriuih >>h!a1 ('iiltiire. plowing be thus done, there is much h'ide of the sod be uppermost than i< usually imagined. If we but reflect that the earth is a »et of mouUis and lungs that c.nstantly feed upon the pro- ductii.ns of the natural elennnts. and that air and light and he:it are as essential to its protitabl- exis- tence as they are to that of th.> animal ; an.l that the hefoH' harvest, ami the reason f >r this is more inqtor- j ' d.ject of plowing is to (q^en these me»uth< and lungs ,. .. , , ,• 1 , ! instead of Ci'mpaetnir it and making It nuperMous to tant than obvious ; for if plowed at this earlv stage ; '"^^' '^^^ "' ».»iiiia .„ . •. , ,i ..t tl.o , , , .• * 1 li.rht Mnd heat and foo., we cannot hesitate about the of the season, the grass has had time to undergo | »»^'»^ '^'^'^ '" '^-^" ' ' ' . ,, , i ; ...f \n , r . .• .1 . ] ti . . uve of an imidement that will attain that object in the necessary fermentation, so that when tiie sea- " i .,, , i. ,v;t>» tiic same or aiiierent: j nen ue wouni aiso consnier , • n'-"- " ""^ i..o ui;u \Mieii uir mu- ^ ' ir i c • . '1' 1 t look with the cliniate, if it wen^ at a distance fr()m his own n- : 'd^'xpeiineii'^. with largean(lsinallp(>tatoesfur8('.'.i. ■ ^^„j arrives for stirring, it is in a lu'tt^r cou.lition . ^^>'' ^".-^^^'''^ *^* "'''"*• , ^ "' -i^'^"^ ^^ ' ' "' "* alwav- resulted largidy iii laN-r oj' iho former. Th'' difi'Ti'iioe 111 \ ii 111 ha^ ho.-ii s,( LTToat. that 1 \\eulii rather pay a doHar a hu>h"l for iarue potatoes \<'' it wa-> put in the -ronnd upon hit \ ^'''"'•l- ^1''"' ^■^'^'' ^"'■^" ""•'^ -^^ '^ '-^''"l- =^"'1 "'^" ''^'^■'""^ if it >ueree(l sidencc. Ibit we hav(^ never knoANii th'-o .pi. ^li. n< to be asked, and whoilicr the grain came tVoin New '^'ork, A'iririnia, iiin'ope or Kirypt, seemed to lie ol little consopione or miss prineipl... and if' it .Mier.'edcl. he ilatt.Mvd anMhe.o: Th.Te is evory -r.a.nd for preMiiaiii;; tlu: himsolfthat it wa^the re.nlt of jndicion< {arming the hirp-t potator. are ^vimrally t he mo.t thoruiiL'h- operations; and if it was unMeT',....ful. lie did not ] l.v ripened that they h^^^r imhihod a lar- r pro|-r- disparageorldamehims.dh but ^ented hi» sen" I "tatoes, it is true, may sometimes be e.iiml,v excepting where the seed is of nn inferior eharaeter. ^vell ripen.], hut it is very evident, that they ar' and brouMit from a soil and .rimat.', not a- w,ll eal- Products ufthr hi-^l r. inamin- dements of life in tla' 9 i ..,•,., -11 T,v • ' the eve of a mechanic upon his pl.w. and fuel the or nnxmir more intimately with the sod and diltusmg tin i.y oi a m i lui i ,,',., , , ,, . ; ., • • , . relative nosition <.f its beam and land-side to I) • sucU ts b.-n.iic more extensively to the 'growing gram: but r. mum po. m« o ,• • i -ii f ,1... ,,l..wi„.- in of tl„. p-uss 1„. d..r,.m.,l to a l.a-v .L-t th.-.v an- tonkins in .liir..r,.nt .hnvt.ou.. h. ^MlI ,>rl...l. nrarlv aM,,.-..aa,-M,:i; tlw tim. f..i- suum/. lUo , l-'viv,. at om-.- l,..w uuuU m..rr ^,„^^■,^T l.o is um,,;; I '}->' o culated for its development, as that into which it is I'l-t-nt. to be transferred. For instance, let the golden dro]\ or some other of the celebrated wheats, be broiiL:;ht from the moist climate and cultivated soil of Knuland. and sown here, in our hot and dry atmo-^ph-r. , and under an inferior cultivation, AvonM it not immediate- ly deteriorate ? Tt woiihl ],('■ the same with L:;rain ALi'ain: Small ]>otatoc-> are nitv freipi-ntly ol •"*•'" cond growth. It i- well known to t hos- w ho pt*e^ ])otat(>es, that tii- tirst irr m)t seem to posseo.''. it^ as threat degree, t he re pri> im'tivf^ prop(>rt us rcqUiM'* brought from France. But the Mediterranean is an ' n> tin* perfection ' • i»ui ini> i .- • . ■M-il.m of l,„tU ar. whollv ,.,„.,n^,-nial widi ...a, wLioh xv •\-u> ..f \6^.r ,H,p...-tan.-. ,s .1... -rea ntl,..,-. Tl.,. l.,.at ana s,a,rm.ss „f r..n,u.„(atiuu cer- : IT-'ssun- a.^'aiM.t tl... hu.MW M ,s ma.l.. ,v M..M. Ulnlv „p:M-at,.s t,. pr,.v,M,t a h,.a!.l,r.l ;rnuinafiau of ! a r^.^v. ^ivh,,^- it a sMi.lit.v wl,u-l. .-an I..: w. > ..^o.- tl... ;.,.,! : a,„l tl,is wo think is a .uu^i in.|.onaut po- \ cm... bv rop.at.^ Imrn.win^rs. 11,.' oT.tr.M raa^l. no.l|-„rth.M.Ui,ua.0M.,v,.s..„ftI,.>. •,-..,,: for u,- think I'lov ^vl.i■■l' 'l"riv.-s its nan... fr,.,,. >ts ..,.vl,a,„. ., , , ... ,. . , M II ,., , ..tract...-.' i-iiot..l.no.\i..us to thoso ol.p'L-tions: \Mi.i. It ...;.v I..' sa.il, .11 ]ic'i'iect ai'conlai.i'i' w.tU all . xj..'- >."'cuii..i -i ., ,.,.<« ri.a,,,,"., that .... -.,o.l o.-.,p cvor .vsult.'.l IV.an an i...p.T- it r,..|..ii-.-s n.u.l. h-s." V^^^y^■r. .....st i.o.-'ssar. s ■ '^ f.rt o.-unh..alth'v -..r.ni..atIon ..f s,....l. A...I h.av, i.. i.'o"' li>;l'll.v 'M'"" ''"' '^'■"' ■^''^■"- '"''""- ",'" , ,o a ....hvriz.Hl .^tal.' as it s,.pa.-at.- f.-.'... th- nvnM- ci^imection with this idea, it mav be reiuark<'d, that 3 an the time lor sowing should always be reirulated bv I board, l/.ght is beginning to shine m up .n th.^ i.n the condition of the ground, taklns^^ care that it should ! P'Ttaut operation, and it is U> be hopcl tliat laimer- be neither too wet or too drv, but iu>t in such a state will study more the policy of doing i/"o>f, ratliei tliar of moisture as will ensure the most speeilv ami at- ;>/""'''.'/ ^^"'''^k. live ::, nuinaiion and ;;rowtli. Seed >own in :,r.nnd ' AVhea^ with us is n v.v alnm^t universally i^it in loo wot and cold has a tardv and sickly growth, with a drill. It is sufficient to say in comm.'udation ^^hile that put in ground too drv has no growth at of this mod.' that all the seed you u.s' is aduahy all. until it gets moisture, and bv this time, the seed planted and coven>d ju- ' i.-encies of y.»ur s.dl and your own julgm. nt dictate. duce a remunerating crop. Much discussion ha. ' Tiie implement, if a good one, placos this subject en- 208 COMMUNICATIONS. tirolj Avithiii your own contnjl. iJut there is ini (»tlirr advantanjo, of wliioh our oxporiono(3 enables us to speak, tliat of harrowir*^ wlu^it in liesprin;^^ as ear- ly as the condition of tln^ ;2;round uill allow. We have ])ractised this for several years with deei(l(Ml ad- vanta;!;e, not only heeau.se of the benefit which the growin<; wheat derives from it, but of the adniiraljle condition in which it })uts tin; <:;round for the recep- tion of t .e clovcr-.-^ecd wiiich is usually sowed at tliis period. If th(^ ;;round )>e htirrowed, the clover-se(Ml be then sowed, and a roll.'r of considera))le w(M<'ht passed over the whol(>, it will be an extraordinarv and unfavorable season il \our stubble after har\est be not well set with clover. ]5ut I must not drop the subject, even at the risk of bein;; tedious, without some remark up(.n tlie subject of the four cornered harrow, wliich is in common use and whicli is a very inefficient implement for this, as it is for all otiier ])ur})oses. The harrow which we use, is composed of two parts, bein^; connected in the mid(ll(? by hin^i^es, so that it may conform more per- fectly to the incMiualities of the «!;roun(l, and iia\in;;' in each part sixteen teeth of tiie usual lcni;th and seven-eights of an inch scpiare. It Avill be f uuid that in the o])(n'ation of harrowin-- wheat, the c(.mmon har- row will do very little work : it Avill be r(>lenient would do. If a harrow-tooth be propcu'ly made, bv hammerin-i; inch and a r sipiare iron, without intense heatin;:;, down to sev(>n-ei^hths of an inch. stjuare, you will find the smaller tooth to be stron-cr stdler, more durable, and of cours(« as vou mav mul- tiply the number, nnich more efficient than the large clumsy one whicli has had no oth(>r work upon it than that which Avas necessary to draw it to a jx.ir.t at a white heat. There need be no fear of distnrbin-- the roots of the Avheat by this ()])(M-ati(.n. ^V, u-,- a heavy, shar]) harrow with thirty two teeth, whidi j.ro- duces no other effect than tliat which is entirely ]n-u- <^^^''^i^^- FllED'k. W ATTS. Ciu'liiy the s(dection of bad sccmI, it has occurred to mo that a fcAv hints throAvn out to vour nviders, mi'dit serve to save them from the sam<^ unpK^asant consc^- quences. It is Avith seed precisely as it is Avith cat tie. As the finest animals Avill almost invariably- l)roduce th(« W>t i)ro«;eny, so Avill choice seeds ].ro duce the most thrifty plants. The only diflicultv in the matter is to knoAv Avhen' to procure the b(\st. So many establishments f)rthe raising and sale of gar- den seeds have been opened in every direction within the last fcAv years, that there is no Avant of places where to purchase, and as a consequence of this ri- valry in the busin(>ss, many seeds that are wh„Jlv Avorthless, are s(dd to the unsuspecting, It ^vi's through (me of these establishments that" I reccivnl the seeds to which I refernMl above, Som.> \\,.ul,l n^i vegetate at all, although the most < ar >ful attentieu was paid them, Avhile (jth«,'rs turned out to b > any thing else than tiie labels on the packages represented them to ])e. To blame the ixm-souavIio sold tli<' s. , .1 for ail these defects, might seem a litth> unfair, and yet I do not knoAv Avhere the ]»lame should att.uh ii' not to him, unless it Avould be to my own Avant of judgm.'ut. Perhaps it Avas the latter, and then-lnrc in <'r'l'i- I.) guanl against any such mi>haps in riitiirc 1 liMve determine.! to purchase no s(M'(1s unless I :u:i p«'il"ectly satisIi-Ml tliat the seedsman from wIva I purchase tliein, is not only honest, but a C(.nnMt..ir, judge of the article he is seUin'^ While on the subject of seeds, I will n^mark thut too much car(M'annot be exerciser depth lor see.l iji. such a covering of (>arth as Avill enabh} the t^Mid-r stem of th'^ plant to reaidi the surface, and at th- same time prol(s-t the gei ni from destruction by Iicat. Another important matter in puttiu'r in se"(l, i« the condition ef the ground. I Avidl remend.er Imw when I Avas a boy, av(» ahvays Avaited until af't.r u shower to plant our garden scimIs, and I rememlMT also, that although the soil had i)r(niouslv been wA\ pulverized, by the lime we Avere done, it was nearly the eonsisti>ney (d' UK.rtar, and as so(>n ;is the sim sla.ne upon it, became a l;ard crust. (If course tho y<»ung plant would have great diflicuhy in makingit.- Avay through this crust, if it succeeded at all. M\ plan is, to soAv my seeds in drv Aveather er when practica])le, Avhen there is a ]u-ospect of a shower.— l>y this I do not mean that the best time for soAvin^' seed is, Avhen the earth is very drv, luit Avhen the sell is in suidi a condition that it Avill readily pulverize, so that itce.n be brought in contact Avith the snialK'>t see expected shov/er comes, so mueh th-' ))etter, as it brings the earth still closer round tho seeds and thus promotes earlv and vi<'-orons "-erniin;!- tion. A litth^ att(Mition t(» t]i(> s(d«N-tion of simmI, and th(^ time and manner of putiing them in th.^ gr-anid is vastly important. ]•]. [,. \\ JAdirasfrr, Dcrcwhcr, ISol. Fer the rnrin Jeurinl. Corn vs. ^Vlieat. ^lii. KniTou: — Your correspond, >]U A. L. 11. in urging the " necessitv of increasini'- the fertihtv i^i our s ils." mentions as c^ne reason, the fact, that tli.' conq)letion of the various rail roads and canals, llo^v in process of construction, will ])ring UiJ into warm l^r,?.] COMMrXICATIOXS. •209 ■ ■ ■■ nyw m^m9wm i ,.,„„Metition Avilh the farmers (d' Ohio, heliana, and ,,tle'r W.v-tern States. Ir appeare(l to m^, in readiro.: \. b. ll.'> truthful artich\ that he did not attaeh su!li'i'".it imi).»rtance to that fav-t, as to me it seem^ ;,, l,r one that should claim earnest and (\irly atten- tleii. Til" diie rence between the price of our liest Avheat . •ir.ving lands, and land- of the sane (pialily in the \\'.>t is so great, that nur market facilities are al- most etamterbalanced by it. An Indiana iarniT as- mu'cd nil* tlie other day, that wheat could be raised FiT l!ie Farm Jeurual. Tlie Inip«)rta:.ce of CuminunicaUug I'acts. Mr. Ki)iri»ii: Some time since in looking over niT weeklv ]!apers, 1 »-am" aernss an article whi. h inte- rested me vevv mu I), and in which tic triumph of Sci auparentlv so completelv exhausted. :,r„li;al.!v, in tl.at Slato, :it liHy r,.uls a l,u>l,..l.- | ^_^ __^^^ ^^^ ^^. ^ |^_ ,^ ,._, ^,^;^_ ^^ ^.^_,_,,^. ^^^;,^ ,,,. ^,„^„ ,,, Will, U-. wWtis >,„t v.urtl. ni,s,n-,l it "'H ■'■■>„„, ,j,,„j„„ ,„.,,„, ,,,,,||,,,,i„„ „r :i .hvA- in:;.v.li- r >iniii;in.| il •l"llar. iiiid i-vcn ;it tli:it iiricc, i.iit lit!li i.iMii'V i- iiiadi'. Nuiv, il' an lu'liaiia fanner ran ni.:- whe.it onditablv at. lifrv cents per bu>htd h-ss than the Lancaster county farmer, it leaves him lifty (cnts to '»av the iVeii^lit on that bushel of Avheat to the Atlantic seaboard. AVlll tliat sum pay the freight? X.Av, p"rhaps, not: but so soon as the great Central llailreail is conqdeted to Pittsburg, (vrhich Avill lie, :,i le.> than a twelvemonth,) it certainly Avill. — ^\'Iien th'Te is a continuous line of railroa*! from IMiiladclphia to the heart «d' the State (d' Indiana, wlcat can be tran<>d, but if they ••innot, wheat irroAvinir must be abandoned, at least, il ci!uit»t b'» continued as thf staph' crop of the lime- .>*one lands. In reverting upon this subject, it has occurreil {o liic that corn, umler any circumstances, is a more pnditable crop than Avlu'at. Of course f>rty busluds '■ft'oni to thi' a-'re will not i>av a?} AV(dl as twentA'- live ..r thirty bushels (d' Avheat : but whv should not ent ("biphosphateof lime") was maile to yield twenf\ nine bushels to the acre, the first sea-on after it Avaj a])])lied. 'fhe story at first ap]>ear(>d a Utile iiuTcdi- Ide, but Avh.en 1 .diser\ed that it was sustained by the very best authority, and that un.>rring science had |>roven the Avant of this particular ingredient only, to render the soil pnxluctive, my own c<.mmon sense tauglit me that there was no mi 'take about it. Ih'ing 'a i»ractical man my- If, and lia\inj: f .r many year.* stood opposed to any other than the --good old Avay, of firminj:.voii will not be surprised at my in. bilging a doubt in regard to this experiin -nt. I have always contend'vl a-^ttinst the innovation-* of theorists and mere exoerinienter-i, lion >stW believing that they Aven^ doing serious misidilef, not only t > th 'Ui-elvos but to thousand- of oth.'r-; Avho were induv'ed tO udojtt th'dr suj:'.re^tions. So il"'p rooted Avas my prejudice that I have n-'yc^r {.ermltted an agrlcuhu ral journal to come into my house, and there are thousands (d' others like me. liut after reading that articl- I -at .lown to reflect upon it, and the more 1 thouglit about it. tic more fully Ava^ 1 conAinced of ihe fact that I had )»eeu standing in m} "»\\n liglit. T beran to have a littl" fiith in '-book firmim:," and for the first tim? in my lif' regretted that 1 hi 1 not expend'd a dollar or two ea di year f.r one or twv. good agrieultural papers. if TvLverdy Johnson's farm u'e.lrd tie* ap])Hcation of but a single ingrc(ru.nt to red Ml 1 it from utler barreness to a fair degree of ' '-'.r excellent land ]»ro.luee eighty or ninety bushels j.^^.^.p^^,^.^ j^^p^.,^j ^^y^ ,,,,,,j,. „f ,^,v own land be in pre^- "f corn a. AVell as fe.-ty ? There are farm 'rs in l/.m- | ^^. ^^ ,J^.,'^^. ^^"^ .^^.^ , eonlition and word 1 not tie- ad- oast,.r county whose yields .d\-orn are rar dv less in ; ^j.^.^^^^ ^^ perhaps a single fertilizing eh-m-nt enable a fivorahle sea^^on than eiglity busleds, and tle-re is ^^^^ ^^^ Pu-r. dv increase my crops. I just then remem- ii ' gut I am satisfied, that it AVould not be as trreat as the differcMici' in the valin^ of the two c^rops. ' hav(^ Avritten tli<» ab oye, more Avith tli<^ hopeof awa- kaiMig attention to the subitH't, than Avith anv desire t ) intrude my crude article upon your read-^rs. HcsY Lumpckr, Lancaster co. E. II. fx^^See the.t your imi dements are in jrood order. bered that my crop^ had been lessening in cpiantitT ey,«ry year for the last five or six y -ars, noiwith-'iai d ing all my exertions to keep up to the averag<^ vieM, Thi^ rather alarmel ni'. It uev.-r apj.eare 1 half.«o serious be.M)r-\ and I resolved at onc(^ to inquir.^ into the matt.T : but where to begin or how, I Avas at a loss to know, I v.-cal I he.ve ]iaid any price to be en- abled to tell wiwit the constituents of my s.dl Avere. ])Ut that was our of tlie (piestion, unless I could se- cure the services of some (diemist. avIi > avouM anal- yse it for me. And now Mr. Editor, having under- dtt)od from a n '• -hl>or Avho takes A'our Journal, th^*': iii t! V _.»• Ji* _ » »4w«,««teJ»*"1> 'MHeiisj" 300 COMMUNICATIONS. r.TvVT^y^y you propose having soils analyscHl, uill you bo kiiul ; almost every where found in the soil, and u.uallv i, enough to vvnte to me, and inform me how 1 shall quantities ade<,uate to the wants of ;huUsl 1 , -^ proceed, a.Hl at the same tin.e, send me the Farm vated crops. But where a d.fieien.i of thi^ t ' Journal the suW.pt.on n.oney for which you will ent of the soil becomes apparent, it can be su^pli j find enclosed. 1 am determnu.l henceforth, to know by a dressing <,f eonunon coarse salt, sown broa. ' ^vhat science is domg for the farmer, and thougli 1 Of the various combinati(ms of sot;ii>ip ^ri-,.\vtli. especially when applied to the elovers an. I h-umin- those of our readers who do not think it W(e.-th their i *^"^ I'lsmts in gen. ral. hs ellieary, lik(; that nl' irv- while to coinmunicale facts for the Journal. If the hoarded u]) expfM-ience and observation of our practi- cal men were given to the i)ublic, what immense be- nefits would result. As A. 11. remarks, 'Mhere are thousands of others lik(» him:" and all that is neces- sary to root out their long cherished jn-ejudices, is some striking fact presented to tli(>m in a form calcu- lated to arrest their attention as in the case of A.U. himself — Kn.J Translated fur Farm Jounial. Agi ii-ultural Clicmlstrv, \o. 5. Oxygen in coml/mation wiih so'Juini f )rms nut ran or *•(>roduct of the et.nver- Hion of comm )n talt into carbonate of soge lia'.c ))ecn published. AVherever this article can he j.r- cured at a low j)ri<-e. as in the imuKMliate vicinity . I chemical works, the hiinier will iind the judicious^M," of it advantageous. Another w^ry important, as well as frequent com- bination (.(■ oxyg<'n, is that with calcium, ])r: diicini: lino ,»,,,...... u- . .1 •, ,, . I ^'^'^''"''^'^'^•'' ''^/'■/'/' or ////<('. In its pure state calcare..n« liu> purpose c.nnmon salt is treated AVith su i.hur c i...,.fl. ; • >, .• i • , „,.:,.,/... , ^ , ,..,,, , »'''''^^'^^^'» ^'^'i ^^'0'^"lil'^f'c >vhite i.ov/der, but it loses it^ ac^l Ml a reverli -ra^ )rv urnace, l-^ 1 1,) t le silt be- «o.. <• •* • . ' ^ '' ^^^ '^'^^^ ^^ causticity as soon as it combines with an acid. C;,!- *4<^s • --f^ri :m. ■^if-^r'-^^r^M^ ^^^'-.'■i^V: mm 1 1 . careous earth is most commonlv found in combiiiaii' !i Avitli carbonic acid, constituting connn<»n /////<. v/.'/c er witii suljihuric acid, f.rming [/upsuni, uv plasicr • f 1 aris — botn (»l which contain a c(M'tain , Ave obtain burnt linu — \\\\kV. if left exposed to atmospheric air, Avill a'i,ain ahscH' carbonic acitl therefrom, alter it has becomo >ial:(''l by imbibing moisture or water. In conseucii v.at.r. on from above ]>y means of a funnel. When the ev- I This sobibility of calcareous earth is a (pialitv of i:ir:.t olution of gas ceases, the rh- Soda is never found in a pure stat<', but always in er a soil contains much lime bv jdacin- a small m*'^^"" combination with an acid, for which it possesses great , tity of it in a vial and ]H.uring somMlilute sulphuric afriniiy. In such nmibinations it serves as a substan- acid tlu'i-eon. Jf e{ferv..>c..nce ami di^.-n.-a-enient m ual ahm.nt ol plants. liul animals likewise re.piire ; gas ensue, the pivseuce of llni. is certain. To sup- soda, and hence they must regularly and frequently ply the soil with calcareous earth, it is divs.-ed with be supplied with salt, which is a combination (»f soda marl or caustic lime. 'J'lu^ latter combines with th-' ami chlorme. It is in conse.jueuce of the extensive acids in sour s<,ils, ren.lering those a.-ids harml-sshv consumption of salt by m.n and animals that soda is ' converting them into a neutral salt. f 18.V3.] r'nMMf'xirNTiny^^ :\o 1 A coinl/mation of lime and sulphuric acid eonsti- tMt'S sn/j>hn/c of lime, ur '/i/p.'ium. This possesses nei- formed si'h'raf'' of Jini'\ a substaner» (leeompo^iilde by almost anv acid, and f>und In various mint-rals. As tiicracid nor caustic pnj[>erties, and do(\s not appi^ar to ! it is wholly insoluble in water, the snil may contain li(> s,, bible in water; though it is really slowly taken up a large proportion nia in the soil has a stronger aflmity ;ibiminum, almniioi is produced— a >ub>lance by no for sulphuric acid than the lime, an form with it the highly fertilizing and | combination (»f alumina with .silii-ic aciulphi;r. nitrog' n in ,:irli..ni,.- acid, It is rar.-ly. and th-n ..nly in v.-ry ;\nd lime, substances essentially re,piisii,> t.> tle-Ir li„,it,.d (juantity, absorb, d by plants, an-l is conso- '^rowth. On many kinsum isaltng.'ih.-r ,juently n.-t to be regarded as supplying them with iiK-jM-rative, either because they already contain a ' .i|i,j^,>m On the c.ntrary it possesses tic property sullirii'ut supply, or because the sul>stan<-''s indisp.-n- ,,f j,r,.j,;u-ing the s,,;i itself f.r tie' r.c.-pti..n <.f ali- sabh- to its solution auil decomposition are not pres- | ,)i,>,,(.^,.^. „j.j^j,.j.^ Alumina is d;stin'.raish»'d bv the cut. liut by the apidication (d m;uiures containing | |;,ii,^ving characteristics : — l. \[ ,..i,, jjubibe a large carbon and ammonia, tht) more rapid decom])osition piantity ..f wai.r an.j th<'r.'by br.-.an.- pla-tic. Wle-n of sidj.hate of lime may be eHect.'d. If gypMim con- I ,i,.j,.,| -^ bardens, contracts v.-rv much, and b.'.-.an-'S tain a consideralde juv.portitm of caninon salt, it i jj^,^,,,.,,,] .j |t is soluble n-ith.T in wat'-r le.r in car- will prove the more valuable for agricultural purposes, bnnic achl. but na.lilv enters into combina'iou with yUntfr (,f' Jiuic, who, is an excellent lu-omoter of ' various oth.-r acids, tin n h'.wever acting Injuriously vegetation; but the artiiicial pre]iarati(»n td' it wdild .>n v.grtati.)n. ('lay. on the nther band, not only render it to<( (wpcMisive f »r us(\ It can, however, imbibes «'arb.»nic aci.l rea.lily. but also the oxyg'Mi (Sometimes be obtained cdieap, in the shape of lim.' (rf th" atiiDsphrre and ammonia — thus establishing rubhish from old buildings — the lime it contains ha\- its great importance In agriculture, ing combintMl with saltp'-tre— ami may then 1i'> l>en- 'p|j,. ,oiubination of oxygen with magn '>ium firms eficlally apjtlied to the soil. It is occasit.nally met ' ,n,i'inisi,i. This vub-tance fre(piarth or silica, but more g.in-r- iti.'s .,f that article. This effect is attributable mainly allv with carbonli- add. Alm.-t ull plants nM,nire to tluMarir*' le.-oiiortion of nitrog'Mi ir contains: an-l ^,,nj,. nni'-nesia, and to a i'W it i> alto-.-th'-r in lis- it i:- tran.-i.'Ut cbietly iM»cause tliis salt is excee.lingly • .^.n^aide. IJut wh-n ma^rnesia predominates in the Hobibh' In watM', and tln-refore easily lea.ded out of ^,,jj^ ij.^ etVects an^ invariably jiernicious, as In all the th. soil by rain. It h i> bc.>n allegrd tliat alb'r laml ^.,,i,i ^.,i|^_ if .^ jj,.lj bedress--d wlthUncc. ntaining has b-cn marleil, nitrate of lime is form.'.! in the ; .^ ^,,,.^. i.^,.._,,. i,r..),..rti'n of magm'sia. lb.- ensuing I % < I i soil, and tliat this is tic chief b'Mi.dit d»'rived from ,.i.,,,,< are vcrv likelv to be injurrd, b •< aus.' tin' mag- niarUn'.-:. Ibit admitting that nitrate (d' lime is thu> ' n,..s'.a i-.-abs ,rb> verv slowlv, iV'-m the atmo-pli.-re, formed, the ([uantity ]troia -jteedily to the exclusion of the rest. en-u.'s : which r.MiuIrin;: but llltl > water f »r its s,,lii- Ati.tther combination is lime witli ph'.splioric acid. '"IT i>', to lie recommended. This substanc(» constltut.vs the tion, suppli.'s the growing ple.nts with much nitre magnesia than tley are aMe to a^sinilh.it.'. Ture magnesia alone couM n.-t injure plants -..< .\t» ntab/"!t>>spJio, l!* ami ///'//".»■- ^fc. M.ist kinds of marl contain it: an.l it Is faind m the ashes of most ve;retables esjK'ciallv of h^j-umi- nous and crucif trous plants and cereal grains v.hib' tier" is not en"Ug!i of tli • latter; it to pro- duce entir" saturation. Tlie dltTer-'iice b.-tween the protoxvd and th.' p.'r-xy.l .f in-n con>ists in this, that tin* f >rm.'r is \rY\ soluble in w.it -r •■ontaining carb..nic a.-hl, wdilbt tlie lat(.M- is not. lb nee the Fiom a ('..mbination of lline with silicic acid, is fornrn* becmes injuri<»us wdieii tlie soil c«mtain«^ it in ,^02 COMMCNICATIONS. [January, cxcoss, Avhilst tho Ijittor contliiiK^s inojKTativo, and Cf)n.sc((ii(Mitly harmless. Tin; injuriousiKvss (>i:t]u> pro- to.\v(] <»r iron manifests itscdf \ory oliviously tlicrc, for example', wlion^ the .voil is jilowcd very dcvp at oiu-o. ir a larL!;o (juantity of the jtrotoxyd of iron lias 1m'(;ii deposited on (Ik^ hottoni oi' the I'lirrow 1)V a])i'as:on iVom the sole of the ]»lo\v in ))iv'\ ious yoars. this is now hnMi^.Jit up :it once nnd mixed \vi(h tli<' surface s..ij. It is thus dissolved hv tlu; rain water Avhieh has a])sorl>ed the earhonio acid of the soil, and the planis ai'e thus injured hy an (\\i*essive supply of this suosl.iiief', furjiished hy the water which holds it in solution. Such a soil does not a-'ain i-ecover it^ fo)-m;'r Icrlllity, till t!ic pi-otoxvd has jx'-n ,'onvert"<] into a ]!ci-oxyd, hv the 'gradual ahsorption (d' oxv'-en from the atmosj)here. Hence, wh'Mi a soil is i'ound to conlti n too 1; r ;e a ])rop(.rtion of ])rotoxyd of iroi', the pro]>er course is to plow it M^ry freepientlv, that it may a^ speedily as possihlr, ahsorh (Vom t! (^ atnios- ]diere as nnudi oxyL'''!i as is re(juisitc for the eonver- thc disposal of which bothered nu; a litih'. J niii:!it it is true, have dt)ni' a'^ I hav<' seen hundreds of oth- ers do, haul It into a ditch hy the road si.hs or mn it info the stream, ])ut believin;!; that it could he ap- plied to a hetter purpose, I onhn-ed it to he drawn • •n my wh(.'at land. My fireman raised many oh-..,.. tii»ns to this, and my nei;i;hhors ])redicte(l faihire.— Hut 1 went ahead, and the result w;is the (in">t crnr, of wheat 1 ever saw. It was decidedly letter tliaii where the lime and manure had heen applied aloii,'. [The (|uautity (»f pumice and tin; extent (»f surfact' to which it \Nas ai.plied j-ht.uldhave hecMi mcntioiie.I ill ' * " *• llMxIui: a coneroxyd. A dressinir <^***iiM''^'^^' ' .i;*:i\(' my corn a p)od top-dressinir, and the (•f fresli ]»urnt lini" also raiders excell(>nt s(m \ ice in such cases, because the lime withdraws the (excess of carbonic acid from the Mater, and thus diminishes its pow(U'"of solution. A2;:iin, (.xyd of iron combines uilh acids. Thus protoxyd (.f iro!i unites with sulphuric acid, and forms s}i!phiifr <]d. ^\\ plan to oradicat/^ them, is to i'(niove mv fences every six years, and the advantti'iv^s I (daim for it, are these; Tirst, it elfeo- tually destroys the briars, ehh^r busluvs, and other troublesome plants, Tn the secon(l j)lace. it «>nahle?' its suip'iuric acid, it acts as a fertili/ei', if the soil \ mo to rejiair my fences in a proper manner: and laJtusuJi,i- icil }in>fn.ni.l oj' imn oc(M:rs abundantly in swampy or marshy soils, and in the deposites of old stauaiant ])onds. It may be r(>c!»-nis(>d by the bluish color of the clay, when recently uncovered, which turns brown or rus'v when exp(»sed to the air f w a season. This substanie is ins(duble in wao'r, and is scarcelv solu- ])le in carbonic acid, but is readily taken Jip by am- monia : ami in this coniltination mav be advanta'»r- (»usly ap}»li al to tadtivated crop^;. Uut whei-e it exists in (\xcess, in this siate, united Avith various oth.er sub- htances, wliich rend, a- it soluble, it may l)ecome iniu- nous by ii< supera.bundance. u I'er t]ic Farni .Ttiirn;il. Apple Pumice— Compost— .iUMno\ in«; l out lines are pven, you will iill up the rest, I send vo a few fu-ts, which y!»u can use or not, as in yuur jud^niont may seem best. In the fall of iSlS, 1 undertook the mana-vement of certain portions of my firm, and f >(dinix soimnvhat int(avsted in the pro-ress whicdi was makin- every Avhere around me. I determined upon experimentin'ij a little, and here are the results. After cider-making, I had a hirgc lot of pumice, H(dd formerly covered bv the old fence, will fully n;iv the ex])enso t«». ]Mi:. Ili'iioii: — Some tin >-ears sim-e, mv latliei' was en:;aged in burning lim(\ for the purpose (f lim- ing some land on another farm. After applying the rcipiisite quantity, W(> found that tlnn-e wore about sixty busiel> remaining in the kiln, rmm a drain from the public road we ctdlected about fair I'.id^ of rich sandy loam. AVe mixed ihe sixty l.aishcls of lime with the h;;im. \<\ ihe fall, by puitin-^- alternato layers of each. In the spring, the mass was a'^ mel- low as Till ash heap. The whole of the hcaj. wa** th;Mi diav,!i ujxai an acre and a half of timothy i^^'^. which had b"en previously ]>1oW(h1 {<> ut in corn, aiTd the yi(dd was e(]ual to that of the pret-cd- ing year. Wt> tluMi put in wheat. The average of the whole field, of which the acre and a Inilf was a 1^32.] com.mi:nicatio\.-. 3():j I Wt I «■ P>l«l ;-art, was iorty bushids, and Irom the detided >upc- | It is asserted by those who have invest;.::. ted tho i-i..ritv of the part composted, I cannot but tinnk the subjei-t, auo<. d to h.ver -'•'.w. 'Jdie dith-rence between the composted ,..-Id and cliilling weather, w.-ull. if it w-rc kept :viid non-composte(l ])art was plainly apparent. On \\ arm'y -h* Irer.d. be con\ "i-f ,1 into f .r ami mu-cle. t!ie f.naer it was lodged early in the seas(»n. a!id w ■ ( i,, j],,. se,.re (^f ccaiom v, tlcn. to say nothing of iiu- l.ad considerable ditliculty in mowing it. Ir lay in manity to the p,„,r cattle, whose only ni'.de ..f c la- rra>s for four \ears, untd la^t spring, wh-n w.- phiiut is t h' ir shiNerin: and wasting form<. i- it no; a-ain plowed it down and put it in corn, 'flie vi-hl ^v<-ll {"..r th" iarnier to or.. vide e>>mfortabl.' lac < Ibr >\as so Icavy that I had purposed measuring it. and \y^^ stoek. 1 Iia\e tri.d it, and tind mv- If larj---!y r i.ortiu'i: it to the State Agricultural Fair, but wa- the -aiicr. n-r (.niv in th • st r"ic.'th a-al fatm-^ of i,revcnt( d by a jMrtiiailar circum^tane". my cattle, but in the sati^fietioM 1 f' 1 in knowing 1 mentioji these facts f»r the purpo-ropi'r t )-tatc that at the time <.f aj>plyii!«j; the compo>t to the acre aiid a half, the (.thoi- part of the field was fi-avilv manur'-d with barn-yard manure, and :i!- l!iou'j:h the vield on it was large and fine, it »lid uit Cjiial t'lat where the lime and loa.m wa-^ a]tplied. 1 n ev coiisid-'r it in such prime condition that I purpose puttiii'j; it in corn icxt spring, without any additional f-riilizer: but I shall enriidi that part on wlTudi tie' C/'u.s/rr ro., Jhr, 1". l-'.l. I\.r the r arm J.>'.ir:i:il. Mic. MiuToii: — A> tlie in ilori'v of calses ar'^ irivcn to th" butchci-. ir bi'c i.i'"i a m:itt-r of cen-;d. rablo int re-t to the fiiau r to kice,vh wt* put tleau in the be>t c«.uilitiou b.!br!' haiciin^' tli la o\"rt-> be slaug!iter< d. Ilaxlm; trh-d \ari'a;- plan- of fe.-»lii;g farmyard manure had l.--n applied with a dre< mu h a-^ ]•■ --1- ble, is the obie.-t fir->t to be attained. Mdk beinj; its natural fb id, the calf should of cour.-e have a p-rtioii ol" the same kind, reserving the acre and a half f»r the ?airpose of testing thoroughly the length I'f tiiu" that will R; — Then' are many errors in farmiu"" (d" the nuantity it'^ dam yiold<. As all of m^' c.wm \ield .1]) an avera'jT" lVo:ii f-'ur to li\e gall -n- a day while Ir.-h. I fwund that one third (d' that ipiantity wliich are the r"sult. not of a want ol" disp(»-rr(C/s. (hie proiuiicnt amon'j:-t them mix. d with the m al of b. an-, wa> a- efb'.-tu il in is. th" pour shelter generally aflbrded to far.u ^lo. k fonalu'j: bou • and nni-cl", a- the v.la-le ..f it- .l.-mi ? in whiter. A\'e (d't»ai see cattle exp.)St d to the bitimc >»»il'-^' "'' ^'"" •l"^'^'*''^^' ^^ ^^''iil'^ ^'i "'^ ^'""''^ '' '' 'li'-'-i'.ib blasts and chilling rains, even where tiie o uer ha- tic di'v and niglit. all the coinenhaices and room f u* kcepin-j: th< m warm A-> mv calves are always sent i«» the butcher :;t four ajKl co:af u-tabl,.. jn thi<, a^ in many other particu- we"ks old. at the e!.,-e..t tlie s"CMnd y.aek I -hange hir-, the old system is reialned, and cattle prcsum -d th- f ^od and in-t"ad of the b. an ne •!. give tieia bii- t • be eapable uf b-'aringany degree(if exposuie, w ith- seed ncal mix'd with milk, of which th^y r-addy uut injury. i>id those who tliii< incdUsidi'ratelv tr^Mt partake, aul iatten on it so rajiioon hear ililferent accounts of tli<' character of our and nothing el-e. it i- j. roper to state that I le ver farm stock generally. Let them lo(dv at the jeahai- permit them to have much exercise. a> I have {bund care of the Mugli^h fainiers in this partii ular. and them much more .liflicult to latt. n than wh'uthey when they have noted the sinxa-iority. •'•emM-al'y. of have not a chance to ran-e much. tiieir stock, let tli.an comj.an' them with the majoritv I wa- indue d to ailopt thi^ j.lan. fV'iu havitc: ^"en od were discussed, and the praitical \abi" of ways be repaid ly the increased value of the cattle. i«cieiitilic knowl«-'dge to the farmer clearly shown.— :V*?, 304 COMMUNICATIONS. [.Iamiaky, By this ineaiiH I htivo sccurod asultstltutc, wliich on- al)lc.s 1110 to use tli(^ milk from mv fresh cows several weciks earlier, while my calves are, I think, liner than l>efure, and on calculating' the ex}>ens(i, I find a con- siderahle balance in favor of the Huljstitute for the cow's milk. E. T. Davphui connfijy Di'cemher 2(7, 1851. I'or tlic Farm Jounuil. Th(>r()u:r]i Tillaire. !MiJ. Kditok: — One fact should ever ])c l)()rne in mind by the husltandman, and that fa(;t is, that there is somethin;: wantini: beside manure, to s(M-ure i' imi- nei'atin;^ crops. Theri; are those whoconcciive it suf- ficient for all uscd'ul ]»urjM>s<'s, to stir their ;j;i'ouiid with the plow, to ;i c\>j>th oi" lour or live inches — ap- ])ly manure in such (piantity as to them :i])p;'ars necessary, ami leav(! the ri st to Providence. Some go even farther than this, and one in jtarticular, some- \vheres "awa}' down east," urp's as an (.'llV'ctual rem- edy for the " potato rot" an abiding; trust in Provi- dence. Now tliis is all yery well, and 1 cheerfully agre(> with tin? "down cast(M'," that our confidence in Providence should always be stron;: — that as lliM-on- trols (lu^ wind and the storm, in II im should our faith be i)laced ; but at the same time, while lliihas prom- ised that there should always ]>e a secnl time and a liarvt >t, He has also lUMpTuHMl that the incuns necessa- ry to bring about these seasons should b(i used. The farmer tlnu'efore who does his work Itut htdf, and consat elements of fertllizatinu in soils, is tlie ]• 'lii'ct loosening of them, so that the diifen'ut ingredients com})osing them, be thoroughly incorpo- rat d, and l»rcught to the surface, and thus receive the advantages ol'exposure to the sun and atmosphere. None but a simpleton W(juld pretend to doubt the yalue of manure, or assert the possil>ility of growing good crops for any liMigth t)f time without it, liut he is scarcely wis(»r who b(diev(>s (autl manifests his bt^- lief in his daily practice,) that his crops will he aliun- dant ^vhere his tillage is meagre. Sh(»w me the hus- bandman whose plowing is shallow — whose breaking of the clods preparatory to seeding is inijierfectly done — whose liehls are strangers to the roller, and look yery much jis though the harrow or cultivator had iK^ver been used upon them, and 1 will show you lioor yi( Ids — yields that will scarccdv oay i'>.r tlu> laiior and expense, \\\\\'\\ less leave any proiit behiiul. AVhy, is it not th(^ simplest matter in tin* world to un- derstand the advantage which a deep and well work- ed m.'llow soil possesses oyer a shallow, hard one ? If there is any ad\antago at all to be gained by breaking up the soil, will not the l)cnetit be greatest, when thu pulverization is most effectually done ? Why are our gardens more productive than our fields? Because we spade them twelve or fourt»'en inches deep, and so thoroughly break up the soil that we would b(^ ashamed to have the beds show a lump the size of a ha/h^ nut. Po garden seeds r.'(|uiro more thorough tillage than wlu^at? Sow wheat in your garden, and vour vegetables in your wheat fitdds — give tlu; lunn r the -;mi > attention u>uallv driven the latter, and !> i the n -wh he your answer. — \ iii'ire sati>faet<'rv ai-'Mnrieut in fn'. r of tlioreip<-li tilla-e will not ])r ii.mm1i'({. W 1)1 II II. •x! vnii prcjiare yi.iir gi-' iiiel- ("or seelln':-. -.•! apai-: half an acre, plow ii iiiiie in(du's ii!-!.:iil el" li\e, p 1 1 ! \ crizo it Well . In- st<'a'l "(" p riiilniiig it tnli(3 ill l,i i ge ch^ls, n<'^ the harrow and roller till llii- i- ae.Miuplished; giv(? it ot course, the same (juaiititx nf manure you give the other parts of the liehh ai.-l w ai'!i th*^ result. It will sur))rise you. 'I'here is no necessity for al)ating your confidence in I'rovidt^nce ; ])ut with tlu'samt* tru>tfiil heart, that induced you to believe that lie would give good crops with bad tillag<', try the other i>lan, and if ycai are disati}»ointed, it will then he time enou;j:li t(j condemn thorough tillag<\ J. Uldmo.m*. Yinlc conn/ 1/, JJccajiO' r "2(1, I Sol. For the Farm Jouriiiil. ' Cost of rencing — iSt lg» ^ — ^;;i!l l»a>turing. Mii, KmxoK: — 'fhcre is no heavier burthen restiii;: upon the shoulders of the farmer than fencing. Hav- ing had a considerable (piantity of feiu-ing to put up within the last twcdve months, mv attention has h-'ii drawn more closely to th(» subiin-t, and reflection ha« ft, •' satisfi in larming. but that the day is coming when we shall be comptdled to resort to seiji" substitute for the present m-'de of irnc'ng. If r- ([uires but a moment's thought t() satisly any jM-rs-ii that our forests are rapidly disapjiearing, and \\ith them, th(^ materials for rails. PriMpient attempts to construct a durable fen •• with wire have been made, and I havi> rcaut wh(M*ever the<(^ directieiis hav^' ])iMm follower arrive. Tledj^ing has strong claims u])on tlie farmers atten tion. and might uu'iuestiomtbly ]«" mail" to an^W'" the purpi)se fully. Tin* only objection to the hedg'' is, that it HMpiires too much attention to suit the ir.- (dinations and tastes id' the generality of farmers.— Nothing beautifies a landscape more* than fine hedg- '*cs, but at the same time the laljor and skill re^piired 1852.] rOMMi MCATIONS. 305 , , k....p them m order, are greater than would be given ' only in the partieulars alr.ely enumerated, hut also t„ them, and as a e.mse.pience we should .^oon have in th- use of the land oecupud by the lences which .M ».t un'si-htlv affairs. With men of taste and per- ' is another item of impertance. Hcverance'theV would succeed ad.mirably, but with ' if any of yonr correspondents can sul— st a better t,,. ,,u-eless f^irmer they w-nld soon be wors(^ tlian plan, it is to he hoped they wdl do it, as tie- M,b,ect ti,. ^sire fence. In many parts n{' Europe, we are | is one of nuieh importance. K. L. T. tn].!, that fencing has b.M.n wholly abamh.ned.— Where large flocks or herds are kept, herdsmen are F>>T ll»« Farm Journal. Mi:. Ki.:tok: — I find in t!ie ( '(.nstitulifU nf the pen>ive in l-:uro])e than iiepla:i we are fbUowing, w!iv not adopt it liere? 1' ai ly i><' answi-rod that the ,.,n|.loyed to wat.-h them, an.l it has been foun ^^^^^ '"^- ^^ ,,{• j|„. otTicer- to furnivh informatinn in regard to the airrieultural condition of their (iwn district, in r,,inpliaue" with the aho\e, 1 wnuld say. that s.i far great scarcity an 1 e ai^-pe nt Ingli priee ,,r fon ang ^^^ ^^^^, ^ ^^^^^ j.,^j^^ distriet i^ e.^neerned. farmi!!- i- in material, compelled tie I'.u:-. j^e;-,- to ilii<. Aoiuit .^ j^^osperous coiulition. Hur nnuiy large ami eoiumo- it. and we shall soon lind. lor the very same reasons, we shall soomi' ^ r 1 at' i- l-e compelled to follow m tleir f.otsteps. r>ut as il \^■.!l 1 '■ wholly impracticable to iu.lueeour farmers n. minloy herdsmen now, 1 would su'"-e>t another ]»lan, whaii my own experience ju.s- dious hank barns, an.l comf .rtahle dwelling-, all in- dieati' comfort ami abundanee. Some portion- ot the di-triet are too hilly and mountainous f .r larming, these portioji< la-wcver. are covered with tine timber and ahound in minerals. Water power to any re(pii- tifies me in recomujending, and wliicli 1 know can be ; ^_ ^ ,,^,,.,,, uiav he h:id. so that tic want of adaj.ta- ])rolita)>ly ado}>tcd. ' ^j^^jj ,,j- th.'se portions to agricultural purpose-;, is well Instead of turning my cattle into pasture during ,.onipensated for in thes.. other respect^. 1 pre>umo tlie summer, 1 keej) them in my cattle yard, where (ij,.,.t. .^y^, ,i., l„'tter lands in I'.iin.^ylvania, than -ur sheds have been erected to ])rotect tluMU from the ^ ^.j^^.j. |^^,^j,„,^^ .^^.j y.^n^.vs. They possess many great heat (-f the sun, and the rain, ttc. Twice a day, ;^,lv;vntages, prominent among whii h is. the abund- orning ami evening, a sufhcicmt amount of grass is .^,^^.,> (,f Pnnestone of exeellcnt •luality, and eon\( nicnt to almost cViM-y firm in the di>triet, <',.al i> brought to ns at -ueh reasonable rate^, that lime ean be pur- chased -at six tents ])cr bu-hel, and mmh ehcaper where it is burned in stacks on the ground. The lat- (ait ;uid carried into a «=h.^d, from which it is divided out to the cattle, 'lie' a hantages are two fold. — First, a saving of pasture, as 1 iln 1 iliat a little more than one half will answer the purpose, while the cat- tle are in just as tine ctmdition as when permitte*! to ^^^^ ^^.^^^ j^ much practised here, run in the fiehN. Seconl. tin^ manure is all kept to-' •▼ether in the vard, anl a- 1 make it a point to have it all collected evcrv neirii'm: aivl tiir(A\n nn !■■!• a shed erected for ih-' pari.osr. I h:i 1 ::ninen^e aUaii- tage in [\\\< ]iar'!:-ular. Our firmers use liiu" very liherally on their lands, the (piantitv per acre varying from fifty ti) fair l.un- in 1 hushels. The average me r!>.at thN ].^in mi-hr he ade^. .]. a, -re i> deserving of mention. The fi..ld was sponty. and hv mean"^ of it 'il.Niate the nee-'^vtitv :\\ ,■ I- and entirelv too wet for .ailtivation. rmler-draining ene half of th.' f.ii 'in Miow absoluflv re.iuire 1 ni. .!i waMirst resorted to. after which it was ph.w. i .i^ eur firms. Tlie exinn-' ..f entring. carting an 1 h'e(l- ,u.,p as a very large ph. w and f)ur horses ,-, ail 1 da ing the grass will be repaid by the snmller amount of it. The lime was tlnui put on at the above rat.- p.r ]>asture re.piired, and 'le great advantage of having' acre, and with it ten fair hors<' loads of stahh- ma- the manure during the hot months under slied, in- ' nure a.lditioual. The result was that this field whitdi st'\id of bein«^ exposed to tiewastimr influences of ' was worthless ])ef)re, became as productive as any J^iin, i-aln, ^tc. Ih-sidi's thi-. the saving intheani -unt ..f -e.r best river bottoms. of fencing i< a large item, 'fake f .r instance, a farm The same person aj.i.lie^l r.OO bushels per acre on of one hundiaal a"res, divideper i>ante 1, t.. tte. handsome sum ' owner. Prom this, it is very apparent that some s' 4 ''■^•«W 800 Cr)M,M[-N|(:ATIONS. [JAM:\nT. ■■■■>— ^■■w I ■!— M ■■■■■■HI ^-.■,»-. -^„.-. ,. i,^^^^ _ Tiw! rotation of crops ;:^onornll3^ ol;si!rv^' it qnito so, l.ut it is nlpi.lly inipr.,vin^ romaia ono, two or tlircc y<':irs j'or li;iy cr pasture i ^Vll<•l•l^ recently, t!ie forest stood, iields of wlicat ii,>n- For the Fnrrii jMiirual. A Lcller from \'cnan«:() Count \. Avlien it is a;;'ain put in co: n (,r wheat Comppj-aiiv'ly f 'V,' comity societies liave :in e.-cist- oncty, wiiicli For sniu" c-\u:e Avhich I cajniot "xplain, wa^ ])'Minitted to lan-nl.- I5 and finally ais, aiid tiicn r( fusin;i; to re- fund tli.^ money to those who could not ^et into tlic oars. Another complaint was, the extrava.ixant pri- ces (dniri;ed at Ilarrishur-. Ourfarnn-rs did not ex- pect to pay more than one dollar p.a- day, |mt vere clnir-ed nnudi hi<.r!ier |>rices, ami compcdled tohiy on the floor at tliat. ^ly own impression is, that the S.h cieiy slKaild make an arrange, n,.nt hy which ontv (in'- dollar a day sliould he char th . Wolf and h(-ar prowlej; tlnir \ve:i!i!i. The only exception to o-cneral pro.ources >.!' 1 li.M'ouiiiy, and this seeu'.s i., 1 .. a sad .Aception. liMc lion laisiness were in a ].ru>.- )»er(.us stare, it Wi»nM fniaii a \( ly iinportant it. m ".n the husiness of this st'ction of country, jiul tle-nid^t fxaananent husiness in this county is tillin;.: the soil. ai:d in that are tie' )nost of its citizens en_ira'2;<'d. Something;- has seemed to awaken anew the farm- ers of I'ennsylvania to the suhjcn-t of airricadtural ini- pn.v 'inents, and the formation of airricultural s; f.-r their promotion. An a'j;ricultural society has recently heen f .nn -1 in this county, wlTu h is to nn>et at the Court lleu<" in Franklin, on the i:4th inst., t) «dio(.se its (.ffici-r'? and transact su(di other laisiness as mav conn' h(>f(>r.» the m-etini;. A\arren county lias a society, vrhi.li held its iirst annual fair in September Last, and l*cmi- sxhania was destined to hold Ikt iirst State A-Ticiil- te.ral Fair in 1 >o j . It is nnndi better to awaken to the importance cf this subject at the sixth or even the eh'Vrnth hour. number in atttMidance Would ol.Aiate, 1 thiid;, tie- nr- ! ^'''^" ^**'^ ^** awaken to it at all. But why need w- "'' I'ennsylvania. be so much in the rear of (Uir f 1- low (dti/.ens of onr ^ist(M' States in these matters?— New ^ nvk, Massachusetts .cid ctip r States liave d(>- volcd a <1<'-Tee of attention i.. iiii< subject, unknown 111 b'tni^ylvania. nn ! :l!,\ haveluMMi richlv rewanlcl ter il. 'I iicy lia\e rorr^rd i!->ir reward in ni:L::V cessity of r<'(pi!rin_::; inor.ey from tln^ cill/ens (d' th. ])lacc when> it Is to be held, while at the sann^ tim,- it Would <;ive muidi more ^en- ral satisfaction. .) \( or. («iM)\. K'fsf Ih/J}}i/(> (//'!,,. rninn n>., />Ui Ii a vast amount of human labor is saved. A man, a Ixy, and a pair if horses with a ased acconi- same of other imph'ments. modations, and that provisions, such as p(d. The doctrine thatdisai*- [)roves of the use of nnudiines because it throws so many nr>n out of employment is but "the Idiiul leading the Idind." It wa*s urged at the introduclieii of the ]>rinting ])ress and the spinning jenny, hut what r(^V(dutions liave they not wrought' in lit(M-a- ture and mamifactures ? And revt»lutions, appn^xi- mating to these in some degree have already been wrought in agricultural labor and progress. J. r. Starr. AUrghauj, Venango co., Fa,, Nov. 10, 1851. 4 i^r,-j I COMMINKWTIOXS, »■■■■■ ■■1 »■■■■ r..r tlic Furm Ji'ioial. draw it to the barn floor and sIhmU. wlea-f sut h <|Uan- CuriM^ of Corn l'\) lit f..- tu,^l.ing — topping corn f)r f-dder has been su)»er-^ed-d by tlic \V.. ,.,ire the ivmaimlcr 1 y laying rall-r.ur -r live |,..,,..,,ae' of .aitting off the stalk within :i f-w in. h- ^^.j^| .^ , ^^ ^j^^. ^.j.. ,„,,|^ rai>-ing tli.' outside onr, by ... of the ground, th.' value of fodder as provender ,j,,.,„; ,,,• |.i.,..i^, ,,, ,..„„,,^ Yhe but;s .d' th.- sf;,lks {,;;.. •laine.l mor.> attention. Much, h.,wever, n mains .j,,. j,i;.,,,i ,,„,!,, ,,,;,.,,i ,,111. ^^ hi. h is sulHci.a.Mv high t„le due t.> secure coiai f.-lder so as to r^'^^^^''^' ^^ ^,, ,,,,,.,. ,,,,y .,,],, ^],,,, ,,,,,^ ^,,\\ ^,, yy,,, ,,^ „„,^t palatabl." to cattle. Whih' the pr-enl pra.ti.-c ^j^...^ j; ,,; ^^^. ,j^,. |,,„^^|;, ,.|- ,..^:i,^ arranged i.i this uf cutting off tlu' stalk n. ar tlie gromul is, for-es^-ral ^^^j^^. ^^jj, ,,,. .^ni^.j^.j^^ {;,j, .^ j^^,.^, . .juantity -d" f.dd.r: na>ens prcl.-rable t.. th.- .^.l one, tleav an- yt som.- .^^^\ ,|,,. .^.p ;,,itiig.-s of tl;!-^ m tii.-.l ..verihat ..-f Mr. objecli..ns to it, which, howt-s.-r, a \.-ry litth- .-are p,ji,.„-. .,,,.^ t|,..t ,|,.. .vlcde ..f the stalks are kept will ell" ctually ob\ iate. I char .d" lli;- ground, whih- tic air ha- a much Letter Th.' ]"ractice which now generally prevails, is to chance to .-ir.adate throuuli ih.m. cut ..il'the stalks, ami immediat' ly t,in w. 11 .aired, a!.d wlen ii is free er in (lose sh.H-ks, wh. -re they are |,en::itieta.-k. .1 hutt . uiwar.!^. .are h.-Ing tak.-n to k.-'p the .ulation .d' air. s.. essential to the swcctne-s of th.- mid.lh- ..f th.- sta.k th.- high.-^t. 'fhi- pn eauti.-n is fud.h-r is pr.'vented l>y it. il c..ntends thait corn necssaty if w.- wi>h t.. pr.-v.-nt th.- rain > an. ! melting f >d.l.'r shouhl b(M'ur.'.l bv laviui:; it on lo.;v,- heaps sn.^ws from running t.. wards the c-ntr.- .d' th.- stack. iuim.'.llat'-lv after .-utlin'-^with the butts hi-hs. This plan causes the rain \\hieh may fill m.-n.-.- using it at tie- S..uth \Ve>i .-nd.hy thl- ne-an** whih' th.' Ib.ldc-r is in tie- th-hl, l.> run <'if. in- ea.l .d" , }»r t.-.-ting th.- oj.eji . nd iVom the .irlsin^ .\. rth W t-t saturating th.- Ida.lean. I stalk, l»y penetrating beiw(-en , St.>rms. Sie.w i> n'-\.r !.■ *. mitt.-.l lo lav tai tie- >tack th.-m, as is the case wh. n the stalks an- ]»lac.-d in and m. -It. i>v this mean> the lo.l.h r is eurdswe.t shocks. IJesi.les, it giv.^s the air a chance t.) circu- ami clean, an. i the cattle eat it a> r.-a.lily a- hay.e.n'i late an.l thus cur.-s thi- f.>.lder in the best condition, (with an ..c.asional change,) with us muej; a| par. nt Tlu-n- is go.»d s(-nse in the suggestion if w.- only a.lvantage. kn.-w h..w to arrang.- the stalks so tiait tie* butts woul.l lav hi'di.--t. 'fhis he ttroposes t.Mlo fv la\In:^| lilt- butts "en the corn." If h\ thi> \ve ;ir<- t.» un- | derst;in.l that th<» corn is t.) be pull.d fV.im th" stalks an.l thrown iti heaps on the damp gr.iuml. t.* form a resting ]^la.'e f 'r tic butts of the stalk< until .hy on. .ugh t.) b.' tak.-n to tli.^ l^arn ..r sta.-k. th - .himage tli<- corn would be lik.dy t.) sustain, wouhl nior.- tlieJi | ^ v.dnm*^ .d' truth in a f. w w-rds. it" cul:i\ at<.rs of "Utv.f-igh the a.lvantag(-s to tic fo.hhr. 1 t)io s.iil appreciat.-d as tle-y sh.aild tic advantag"^ Again, if the stalks an- hiidar full length up .n the I of stirring the soil frequently an.l wi il. s-as.jis ,d" ground, with tin* butts sutHi iently raised to cans.' the I dr.)nglit w..uluring th.' last sumnn-r, we suf- Ciu.^Ur CO., y^.". 1 •"», l"^'l. K. MANiHi i.n. t'l r tlic rarui J.iurr.ul. -» 1 i • I I : c '•• . ' 1 1 . Mil. Fi»it.)K: — Soinebo.ly has said, •• 'I'll.- ia.>r.- we hoe. The mt.ri' we L;rt s.-tiled, may .b- Very well, wlier.- the corn crops are small, hut wouhl Scarcely answer where the fodder from twenty or tJiirty acres (d' corn is to be taken eare of. The question then is, how shall our fo.l.ler be secur.-d when taken from the field, so as to keep it fr.>m the ruinous effects of moisture and conseut tliat tlio hoaltliy a^jpoaranco of the vc- fj;('tal)l('.s Avas attrilnitalilf^ solely to tlio ronrular work- in;^ whk-li it r(M-'M\(Ml. '' My old lady, "although my neiuli- l»urs j;ardens do, and tlie reason is a very simple one. 1 alwavs keep down the weeds l»v lioeiniz; tin; irrunnd lu doo]) as I can withont ininrinii; mv ve"*etal)les. — This ;;ives the roots a (dianee to spread theinscdves in ovory direetion. and 1 liiid where 1 keep the L^ninid W'(dl loosiMP'd, that it never l>eci»mes as drv, as when it is jK'rmitted to renniin liai'd and rou-j;!). This is tlie wholt' seeret. Your <:ar(len wouM he in as irood Condition as minci if you would lolliw the same plan." IMiere was truth in every word tin* old i.i 1\ vp.il;e. Her garden showed it, and reason sani'timnd it. i learned an inj[)ortant I'aet, which 1 sliall endeavor to improve upon hereafter, that is, /o sfir the soil (!<'< phi (lltil Ihoioinjllh/.'^ K. SrANCJLEK. York CO., J)cr. IS, l^.-.l. I'or the Fnrtn JnunitU. What Avill Pennsylvania farmeiN tio wiilmut Mu ii •I oil rn a I i You sc(S Mr. K jiui half a])])roxinnite to the amount .(' htn.-tlt v,m! will confer to the State, bv ili.' diflu-iwn i<[' •: ■ \\\\\ pra. il- eal intelligenco on tlie culti\ai!iin for car- rots and turnips in the Philadidphia market, and a market at the door. It is many vtnirs since I was favorably impressed with the benefits of subsoil plowing, but the past season put a climax on all my former experience. Land that was subsoileJ was more moist, the crops of a better color, and more lux- uriant, so much so, that 1 hav(> d<'terininod to d-aihi,. plow ten or more acres of my lanor In p',,/. ^ |._ j>^j .^_ Jiosahdc Farm aiul Xii)\srr^'/, l) enemy to S:'i(>nce than la:noranee— ;iii ' as your dournal justly elaims to be an advocate (,( Tiiitli and KtK.w !(v!-.'. you will indulg(» me in a fcv bii'f lii!<. ai i'\\.' cT iliemost o1>ri<»is ])opular d.-lu- ■"^'"ii- "'!" the i;in"<. 1 \^^in^l -rwvn \\ arri.gate to inv- scli lie !-i-!it lo a>>ail anv 1 iit nich as are too ei^^ri'- giou.s and ti'aii^parcnr. to \. -.w di cussioii. It was once ahiii'^i n i i\ <'!--a!ly believed, and ^til'i credited by manv.that tii- ^i m-i. not content with her proper and pre-ordered functions keeps watch u]- on th<» Karth, for the purpose of regulatinir the growtli of cabbage and other matti^r <»f iMpial or even great": importance. These things, she is supposed to etf'''': by h(>r (dianges. A- lie re sciolists, standing at the threshold of tli ' 'temple, letu^ Iniinbly iu'piire what these chaiii:"'> ar(>. It is taught by the vast science of astroiii»niv. that since the first dawn of creation, the M,,nn ha^ ncrrr rhoni/n/ ,- that she has looked down on the tran- sient and \aiylng lortunes of mankind, with t!i'' sam(> uni)itving face "sinc(? the mornin ! nil — soni"tiin '^ (d the 1 ba\ ens. Someliniev; half - <(anetirne< .loart'']'. mi - an.'! inn'S, /to/ (f/ '""• Xo, Sir I She i> alwavs, and e\ei- ,-iiall ]>>. till t!i" Power tliat ereatr.!. -la'! nner.^atc. Thougli tlu' M" n jer( >. lit-. a!v\ays the same face to the bar;!;. sheiiermits tie Sun to shine (ui every side of lior, hv turns. And as the J>un can illumine but one half ii' a tinu% it ft)llows that we do not always behold th-^ " lighted" portion (d her, or the whole of it. TliI' makes tie' a]'] ai-ent dil!''T(>nce in her surface. "\t't she is all they ■, ;inl iorever ^/W//, to him who couKl choose the point of his (d)servations. AVe hear m-n of sense, and occasionally learned men, speak of the next change of Moon, and proph- ecy "a spell of weather " or si>mething else, as a consequence. ^VI^(n docs it cliangef (I nlludo to it^ apparent nintatidn^.l T>o(>s it jump -uddeidy from one (puirter to another .'' Or dot^s it vary as much one in- stant as another, (jnvtualh/, constaiitb/, and etermu- ty f Most undoubtedly the latter. Then how can its variations affect the weather — the garden-truck the fence-rails — the shingles on the roof — the manure on the grass — the apples in the cellar — the dinner »'* i-.v:.] roMM(\\fr\\Tlo\; nfM 1 iKmarr,-^ -• ^ss-w* - I If,, ii>l, and nniltifarious other little tilings, niori' yi'M'-riJav than to-morrow.' ( he-e upon a time, a (dio- l,.";e old lellow. wlio had >timu!ated hi- or_^an (d' ■ 111'. itiv'?ie-<. hy imbiliiii;;- som •thin'j: sD-nugei- thati )U""u<''tiii , e iile 1 i!ie sii'tH-ribei- butii a I' 'ol and a - ; \\ ':'>]• atr-mp ing to dispi-o\ e to hint the in la Hi hi 1- (V "! tli''^" -igns. .\ - tlii-; mode nl ar,:umen(- is caj- ' ( I 1 M 1 to still gr- atM' dili'erenees of op!ni(»n, ; IIY hi' '>! .'O'-rlv ^i't down as one of tile troubles to be • II led uil'i. in c >nlut ing i!i -se d iwdoii^; — oartie- tdar'iV as the d!>e,iMcs oi" Fals,'hii;i(l .are Lreii mmHv i)t>i!i pei-iiinicious ;i!i(i jai" iiaeiiHis. A uoiher trouble i-;. a i.eliev :• in sluti^ is :;i\vav< safi-fl'il, ii" the\ h'>!d ed one 'in rvv'o o.* three times, wh -rea^. i iit re should I. ■ /<" \arialions, ifth-v be. lu realiiv, l:i\v> of .\ature. r r laws oi' N'ature are iniperati\" and inevitable, an I u it ) '.o.". e:- oiitra;ie> an\' ou" oi' ih ■m >!iall suifer tl: ' p.'iialty ]i;-"- ):••!<•!•- d by tlie (J;-ea. Creator. Yet tli'-e laws o!" m i(!'i--!iine nre MTiti 'd oi- fa.il, alter- irit'ly. They c i iiiiaieuee tlie coukillg of Miy pi rk a.id sour-cr.a;t. Tfd-- t-^ (h- s(.rt (d" logic, establi^Iu's tit' all perva ling p..\v?r o|" buna, •! ni"at-lab>, e}-.,i-.-).-rreis :nd er( am-pots. Ib- ••i u,.; nece.^sarilv l"'i 'W (Il It iv c in dr;iw a load ol w.ed, ■ oiird to a voke o! .K II— \.-; ill' on ' s'oui'iue is al'eiit as rational i^ tlie oth'-r. l)\ ;i --re u natural hr.v, called "-ravi- ti*: en. t!;." M'-ai .md San ar-r.ict ihe waters oi" the •;u't!i In di:feria!t a d -gre". aeciidiie^^ to their p >ihoiis, with ;« certainly. thaJ w. uld a-haii p-rhaps "I la (thc:a':i. al eahulation liu- milli.ns of a"-es into '• ' l"t'i;v. Ami with eeual <• r: airily and preeis- >.o:i woidd >.'\cv\ other re.ii hiilm iic" be lelt. ' Wo year> a-: • 1 1,;!.m1 a juan to gather apples. — 'I" \''.-y gravely uvxired lae, tie V— A (lid j-,,t iu a ' • • . ' ' 't 'oil •. if tak"H theu. be a-i^e it vras the wrouir ^•,-11. I n-p]ested him to proce-d with his work as ''•'»g''Mil\ as j.ossible, th.it ihi' apples migiit alt be I'' Iign came right. In sjdte of my •^'•-"pti. al audacity,tlu'y la^t.-d longer and better than J "ver U„t'w ih.au to la>L b fore. What a most "^'■"''''"'ertible pror.f ..f the si-n, if s<.mebodv else 111 ^ '■^'i git.iea-ed their appl,\, at the same time, and tost t'o III : 1 ,» a certain qKiLitcr must produeo rain or ^iiow, or *^l"ir weather, as an unavohhible r-sult, why does "' i "Ht' sort of weather pervade the whole earth, at t'U* same time ? F,,r certainly at the same instant, a ^:;:n of the Moon will prevail e(iually in Terra del liX'.'Jio, and in Kamschatka, in (ireenland and in Horneo. And as these (piarters must occur within sovendays of ea. h other, "no sj.ell of weather" can commence more than three and a half days from any rha,,.;,: And 1 know. Sir, b-licvers are willing to conclude ( •., ,1 greater vai-iations. When v,e rell.vt that the (il,,!.c we inhabit i-^ but "" "''""~tcms "f which it i^ a pnrtion.w,. shall be {bred l- beli,.ve, lliat the vaste.n I inliniie w,,rid<, that Mirround us! ha\o nmre important fu:ie!i.,n>. than tim i'..niro| ..f the huniMe .! -liiii,.. ,,r Karth and \u'V (;..!. Ic tdiild- r'-n. I tru-"J''i to I.,, c.mhatte.l. ,.,,r t..o InM-nili. ant to be oNtrthrowii. Truly \air-. l*.\vin Taoo m;t. yi:i.i.!in.F. Ink loji m.\j:m,\,; i.\i;ri.s kor tuffs, snia i;s .^M) n.,)UF!:<.— .V/. i:dil.,r: — \ am . X. lM st., I'hihnl.'lphi i. thai I ana imbued to inf .rm you of it, that you might publi.vh ilfor liiebemditof your readers. It is a. blaek ink, writes beautiiully on zinc, and will biur exposure t > the weather fi.r manv vears. It t-an be i.btalucd of Mr. Kell, y, at Si, on jM-r pint. 1 know (d n*« method of hi'M-Hng irei^s so econom- ical a^ to ( ut small card> ..f/inc. maik them with this ink, and .ittadi them t<» trees by a liM.p of enppcr w ire. J(»1L\ Wll.KIN.^oN. Moinif Air;,' A'/rirullnral Ttistltiifr, ) O'rrm'Uitotrit, Pa., /),,, C/h, Is.",!, j For thf Farm Jnuriial. ^. . ii rotatocs. Mi:. biMToi:: — Now i< the tim- to sd-'ci and look over y. ur -■ ed potatoes. Spread them ..ut tliin (-n the cellar lloor. turn ili an iVcpeaitlv. do not allow them to -proiit. the fretpient turnings prefj-nt it and res,.r\es the i-nergie.s ofthetuber to make a healthful growth as SM,.n a» it is deposited in its destination in the soil. Thi>>; is no theory. It is a solid practical fact for every gard«»ner and farmer. n. IJrisT. Postdate Farm and Xarsrri/, jKr. l(i, l>c»l. Parlri'^i's ami \\ cc(I«>'. Mr. Ewitor: — Po vou ni>t think the destruction of Partridges, one of the most pndific sources of weeils? It is well known that these birds are granivorous, and that when tleir fav(!rite foixi iMjcome.s scan-e, tln-y rcadilv eat the seeds h luld not comjilain if his fruits arc wormy. A\ is. 310 COMMaNICATTONS, •lANUAIfY COMMfJXrCATIOXS. nil „ -rf - 'fla, * ■#«** r tlic I'ariu Jimniul. Af^ricuUural Nuisances, No. .'>. CHKAT, CHESS. French, Bromc Sci;:;!*'. (tttmian, lio^^i^n Trcspo. Bromns Hociilimis Lin. Broinus arvonsis; jind Uroiiins vitic siis, of \V(i(irl, hut not B. Jirvensis, of Llii. Wvo- mus Khrliiirtc, Ronn, 15. hordcuKJons (wit, 1>. maxi- mus (jlilih, not of DcJJ'. and B. si^uarrosus, 7>f////. /io/ r>/' Li tin. The namo of tliis ^onus vn^ proposed l)y AToiitf ^^^ ^^^, cheat about 1720. It is derived Irom tlir (li-cc!^ r.i'iiDn which si^nifi(!H food, :i ml it ^ ^jircitir ii;mii< (•(vmc I i-oiii the Celtie, .s'^//^/, a sickl*' to cut witli a >i<-kli'. di- per- haps U'oux li\c, iiifa ill ii'i; r\i' irra^-^. The lii'Iiii-; iidw contains al)i)Ul 11- >]M'cir^s. -1 ww iiati\c^ .if t!ic I ni- tcd States, aTid '^> ^r ! hut*' have \\vr\\ int r(Mhi(i'd. It belon'^-H to tic .'.rd class. Triandria and "Jiid. < >r- dor Diirvnia in tlif A i-titicial System of Limiaiis. — to Order (Jraniinic and Tril>e Fc^stucinje iii tiiciSat- ural System. The Natural Order Uraminea', or in other words AUe;^hcny Mountains — Ironi the .>an«ls ul tlic \,,^ »lersey beaches to the ro(d , ,ri" n! ;j>fat nn''iini!t\ of (di;iraetor, vu',. i''<'t to l.ijt \\\\ \arieti'-. ii' imh.d ;,,,\ h.s chara,- ter> are the ^an\e aiicin'r all kind- oi w ir';^_ ulict! . - Nvhite *.r red, heai-dfil ,.r --imo,.iIi, in-diterraiifiii hlue .-^teni. \\lnl!ialcs ctf ( Meartield—'V Kn'j:hihd, !"i-;inei'. ; sissipj)!. ALL;ain, the •■hesn.l. \\ li ! 1 " all evccss wllI rcud'r inert that whieli i.:i'_'lit liriN" l)"cn food. ^w; ]hn\\x\2 n,a-i. F( r t!i»* Farm Ji.iiniul. roulfry. Mr. KniTOR: — When modem poultry fanciers an- _ sert that to he of j,un> breed, Shanrrlja-'s must he (,f .lu-t so. •• too much (»f a jr<»od thln.i!; is worse than =* ]»:irticular cof r ; Coejiin China's of a certain other \ mtliiii'.:." Super-;;-eates made hy liiu- are ns(des> T >e iniieh devotion t# (me idea ]>r(nent.simpro\ enn lit. Why not usi; Cuano? containing as it docs a;.'cord- i:;' to \ och k'd. Irate (if amTnonia, < hxalate of ammonia, < Oxalate of lime, IMiovphate of ammonia, l*ho>phatc of ammonia and ma one. and coTitains of it. It sfMUii-' to escape the disi-ases incident nearly 2r)()0 species, wlTe h prev.r\,> a reniarkahle aimilarity of character, for wh'tli* r we examiiM' a mi- niite Poa, or a mi;:;hty ]>aml[)oo bl) leet in hei hi. we are often perph'xed with the p;eneral resemblance in the characters and habits of all the meml)ers. Every farmer knows this too common w^oed, and it is, therefore, useless to describe its ircneral n]i]>ear- ance. Ibif. H'^ a TT'tiiai yire-vail--. tlial t'heai i^ umiIi inir but a deiirenerate w hwat . 1 w ill trv i " fn id "iH -' 'ue- of the distinctive characters ol tie- tw^ pi ints,a task, diffuMilt for me to render inttdliL;il»!\ Nvith iit recourse to botanical terms. Hut the two p!ant< aio\rr\ dis- tinct and do not Ixdtuii; to the same sulj division in the Xatural system. W UK \'I'. Tic !l' i\Vel">; Ml a enluT>aet CHI' \T. The l]owei-< di^iMf^rd on wiieat. and iho attaid^s of the insect, peculiar t> tl ^rain. It has j.eculiaritics of its own. Its .s",;, are uk. -e hardy, the embryo smaller, the wliok- jd.uii more ])r(dific, both in the number (d* stalks freni . n^ root, and the amount oi" fruit it produces. It hi- its own diseases, and insects pin-uHar to it are fouu.i on it. Ihe emmeous iihnis r(^snc('tinir its orid, an1 ein |<"eondai"V stalks, \viii(di * 1 ' do ui-n;i pre-i'iit uii;" d sides. iar<' loose and vai'iou^lv am d he !lo\vuli-di\ i.h'd. of fn)m i> to o 1\ Iul; o\ . an an ;ele upou Linie. hv ihioeh 1 eahailaled. | f,-ir, t' • urelori-afe th- noeli nportaii''' rol.)r; P.dands entindy hlack, f^xront th:^ cre^t. whi.di nmst be white; and derv,.y Blu.vs entirely Mu, ; d„ th'-y not -"> to<. far? 1. it not almo.r unlversall v a ^^,. not also! pure ^vhite. aim. -St entirely black, and many ^h i hs hetween, of lluincafowl.s? So, to,,, mi-ht ho instanced Mil the host authority, {.articular cases of isolated pairs (d" Canary hird^ are! JNdand .d.iekens, who^e doeen- dants in a few years, materially iduui-ed their c(dor. \\ ho would dare to assert that these are no lon-er Turkeys, (iuinea's, INdands or Canary^ .,f pure breed.x? 1; IS IK »t ne<'es^arv to refer to the surnrisinn- efforts ' \v\ .■ i. ..i i , i r • , ., , ,, * , , p X- \ -'"^(jicis >> I'N should \en(h-rs uf partu'ular bre(M.. derliiin } reduced on the waste ancs of ^e\v Jersev M-.rv- • i • • . , t'.iainj , ,v .. ,. ;.,''''' h^^-'i'^-^t the impurity ,.f those s,dd I. v,,thers h.eause IjMdaul Xiririma lor proof. Kverv .)ne can see itL.r.. i .,.v s ,/i • • . ,, , * , „,., f 1 . 1 ; M 1 1 , r •. " ^ ^ ' *'' '^- ^^"'' '^ '^ '"'^ •■quallv al.Mird, t<. sweep in- I'M-t he hi-!ilv valuable, from its verv stron^ arrav i i; ..;, ; . i • . i <• ,r ' ,.,..,.. * ., ,, , . • i"".^.nr.iy .liscrimmalely into one class (d .^b.^(;I^KI.s and en- '»Mertili/mi,- materials. ,. b. adm ts that it ranidlv i ♦! . . • • ,, . "'^''" - -^'''i < " , . . ,, .,. m.iL u iapmi\ deavor therehy to stiirmatize, a iddekens that hrecd impart^ a hi-hlertibtv to man V. soils." He continues ,r ra- ,. nf /l •> . • .. " ^7'" '^''^^ '"^^^ <* .-itl ,.;, • , .' * . , , eri(.d " * „ ,. n 1 1 • , ' '^ nuiip.K.u, t(Mnptilde monirrels mav, with care, he *' hred to a Here i> a rare combinatit>n of salts and L^eju, and M e"rtaihly one of the most powerful manun - we can apply '^ •• May 1 not a>k, what is lo.-t bv an increased feather?'' But wie. do.sires jn to do.' Is not a varie- wheat er,,p,,| sine ei-ht or ten bushels per acre**— .,- r 1 • i • ,, ,, • ' '"^'i^'ine- \r,. vv.. n :.. . 1 . , ^ , ' ^^ "^ cohu-in- desiralde, as Mell h.r hcautv a^ to dis- Af' we not paid too by in«rreas»,'d manure piles? <>ii';r"od crop .d"(doyer will ht; th.* means (,f pn tiuLMii.-h individuals? lla\e we not already white, red. spfekled and huff SLaipirlue's ? Mi;;iit we n. t each other, with scare rly any footstalk, u})riii;ht, 'A of tluMU usually producing fruitand2ofthomal)ort ve. Tln^se clusters eirjr sha- . einhraein<^ ,(// //^ ///- .//rv ,,r f .;-i ili/ii ;,,,, that w.' I'l ^ I he til iWel-s lu I lu'^ter-; i • • , .,,- jV,,„, S In 111 a liille re- "'''•^"' 1 ':"' ^ 1 e u hi r Iv I li at hi-hly vahmlde niuiiur.'. in^te at the hase, f7/i// 7jo^ I ^''"•>'i'=• /////^// over ea^ h -i 1m r, t urn W hih I wish it vuiderstocxl that Lime iis notuiflr- ed downwards! These clus ters,loos(\ .^leuih'r.- w "lied. valued ]»v me. but considered < ine ot t he valuahl''*- ped, blunt flatted, ron,-h m smooth, and -<"n. Tally all ' "I"''"-^^'"- ^^ ' l>:iii-" I he nature of .-n.nout.ds-liM- th(» upper surface, outer chaff, swidled out in the niiddh^ crosswise eg*:; slia- ped,bluntand neartij eipiat in lenn;th, 7wt ribbed, not notched. shorter than the upper, with T) ribs taperin*:; to a small sharp ])oint. TIh^ u])per one Idunt and 7 ribhed, two cl(d"t. The seeds arc differently shaped and the Iwo plants arc quite distinct throughout. I hear that a distinn;uished botanist In 7airr>po has a«scrtcd that it is possible for this transmutation to be effected, but 15 years of careful examination on all the varieties of soil in the Middle States, from the marshy diluvian of the Delaware to the plateau of the I'rodu.ini: fruit. alin;; useful materia! and reiehrin- soluble tli»{ niiti-i- ehatl'l.oa! .shaped, whi.di i-> iusohihie — still we are in. lined to qursti' 3 huLithwi-e. the /.wo,,. half the proprmtyoftoo much use. d this, in.h'pcndcnt "! (dher nnmures. .\ n acre of wheat contains s.mr' '' lbs. of linn*, by analysis, exhihitiie^ th(^ nci'essitT ' ' other manures thaji ili^ \shMh mu-^t be snp}'l:<'"l- • not alreadv on hand. l)r. i>.(,,a tMuck MaJUink !'■ 45,) says: " All soil contains (Hou«rh of lime, alkali, and otli^^ inornjanic elements for any crop gn^wn on thoin- " And this, too, for a great many generatiitns, a rop-'- tion of cropping being pursued. It is also exhihi' by the same writer that the silicates, uretes, &c. l)Oii - according to chemical afl&iitj unavoidable, we a' 1 • , ' 1'^ iv X.. .-|-- . iMi .1 .iMM nun .^UUIllXIUe S .' .>Jl,"Jlt We n^i ' •■■i".--:.n.,tl,,.r 1,, 1„„. ,;„, ,-„.,t. ,,. ....tratin ; tl;.. I,av,. IkwI a trn-aU-r vari-tv, Lailoiir in,,mrta.i„„s ),o,.n ■» ■■-...1 w,ll l.r,,,;, to ,1„. .,„.,■„... i„ !l„. stalk an.l .liiv,-, IV,.,„ China. inst,....i.,f l„.M,l,.M.„!„.r,.. n., ,l,.„l,t ""'■;".'"■ ';•"'"""'•''■ ^""•l'"' '■■•• 1 1 i. an.l t;,r,„m..>t. an. is ,.!,,„,. I.,- 1 „r a .„/,.„/,/,• ,■„!„/ " -1 VM,I, ,1„. u,,p,.,. ,„„„!,| .V ,.,r„i,,uM .!;....„- U !„„, hat i. .lisint.roKt,.,! , -an r.,r ,w„ .,:,„„ .l,,,,),/ :.:iri'''Zu ""■ '""" "'■'■' "'^'^- ^'^-""''''•- "'«'- "-^-^ .■■-„ „.,ri..h h.wls .v,.n. ,„.i,i,.,;i, I ' ' " tlenvcd fr».m the same stock a< C, ,!,;,, ( 'Idnas ,,r i , . T' "'':' ^ ""^ ^'^y^ ""^^''^ begun. ^^.• have yearly j Shan-havs, and that the Jersey l;iuys are their crosw ^•^McJit, dating to our first application of guano, a ed descendants? Why then pav twenty, ten . r five "^"'Ircd ft dd repaying. dollars for chicb^ns no t.ttn- than those' we have or ^\vpsum in its power (»f eedleetifiL: amm.uii:i will ' ^'"' *^^^^'^' ^"^ -'^'''^ **»* ^''K^d cents per p.^(it as to be, appivrently, almost too Insignificant ^ ' ^varrant the cost. Yet Is not the impetus given to '>nrcrop. oftentimes the means of enlarged -rowth ^'I'^d the Ulack Spanish; a number the Shanghir, »Piinan,l again? " "^ ' ' ^ ^ Ji'T'? we consent to seize le^id the chances of in- ^-i-eii^cd fertility hy other means than Imie alone that 4 ll,!!r" '^" """"^"^ ^^'"^^ ^ manure. We will find (mr I -i'l' ^grijw fatter and our purses larger— our stigma I " being skinners removed and all cla.^ses benefitted. N J S , ^!'"^"'^7^oirn, Chester co. ^'^- I liavc no guano to scU. buff and white, and Cochin China: and still a greater immber. the Creole.* AVould it not appear from this that individuals of every kind are f)rolitie? If a dis- position existed to add to this excitement, Instances of |»roductivenes8 could be given of dunghill nnjngrcls —is that low enough, Mrs. Shanghie— that would aa- tonish every thing but natives. Then again, these modern prodigies produce eggs *See iho different lettcis in Dixon 4 Kerr. 312 OUR POULTRY YARD. [JANrART. Ill of a " j^rcatcr size ami riuli(3r (luulity." Ah, indf-rdl ; licaltli (»!' lli" iinllvidutil propcil^, to claliomto it.^ Isit soromarkaLlo tliat hirj];o hens, 1i()ii-^dr.;ii:i. wit 1 th(; best of food, oven wheat ocra^^ionally, shiudd cd <»!' in 's philosophy. produce hir;;e ejji;,i2;s ? Do not th(» (pialily of thi- tlrsh 'i'he only hcnciit, ih('i-(dor(\ Avhitdi ran r« suit fn of animals and their socrotions, as \V(dl as tlic c^-^ijs tliis (dii(drin;j;, uhen oth«M' ^reen ("ood is scare**, )>i'r- i>y thi^ coiirse we may, my word lij- ii. h i\ ccdved tiio llavor of j;arric in e_i:i!;s, as well as ih(.' milk and ])utter of cows, and indeed heel? Di)es not (di(Mnlstry t'^ai h, that no new '-lemtMits are formed in tJ»e animal? If so, tlieii of c(»ai-se (he qnality of Ih • eu*;.; will d<'it'Mid npor. the food and the l^o?. OUR POri/niY YAIID. S13 ^/oixl prolific chiid;ens of dlilereiii eul. red ;aen.;rt K. >:. Chdslrrro., Jhr. lo. ISol Ilr.N MAMin-:. — There is no more \alu liyl'Miia'iu, llian this. I'reser\!' it care,fnl}y. xMU. 1>. TAG iAllT>; CillTTAt.oMi lOWLS. Tiib: MALAY 1M\\ L--S()Mi:'riMi> ^Tiior.;ii r.HKONKorsi.v i (' A I Jd'.D « i ! !T TA^UiNC.. TllK .M-Vl.A 1 1 nW i.. This is a mnjestic bird, and is found on the Penin- pula from whii h it derives its nam(\ Its weiirht, in i;entM-al, exceeds that of the (^)chin China, the male woi;.i;hin,ii', whon full *;rown, from eleven to twelve, or even (hntcMni pounds, and the female from i^ii^lit to ton pounds; — h(>i^ht, from twenty-six to twonty-ei;2;ht inches. Th(\v present no striking; uniformity of ]» u- ma, as seen in the portrait, ll ll-.iv-'re . wiieii tn'.- have been jtr>i]Mrly i"att(Mied : and their jj, !!::;> «'•'! larir<' and lieh, that two nf them are e(|U;d t" : " (d" those of ouronlina.-y T.-wN. Tlie Malay C.)(•^. his perfect-on, is a remaikaidy C'.ura'j:<"'U"< and *'' ' * hir.l. II is beak is remarkably thick, and he i> :» : midable anta;j:onist when oiVeu'ded. Jlis cvow i-- '"|- harsh, lett ■j>rolon^»;ed, as in thu ca-e ot the t • '• tliina, but broken (df abruptly at th.o t< rmiiut."! this is (piit'j characteristic l.s : siibse(pientlv and within a few ) V' ;ir^, .'thers wtc ad(h»d. Th,'se all, except in a few !-«. lri\e l.een mix"d, .and hreed indiscriminately: 'lie! ill., re.tdt is tlie Fowl to which, accordini: to the , I' "ide, the above names have been applh'd. It is of all - 'I rs. tn.m hlaek to white, fre(pieutlv speckled, som.»- "'•> ■> i-'d and hlaek. and apiin dun.' Wle-n hred. it \V'I1 i:en,.iMlly pn,duce iis'like in p.iiit of >•/:<, hut I'HreU ;,, j,.,,,,t of ro/o"ine twenty six inches ]ii;:h,*a!id the Hens twentv i^V'» !iic!ies. A iirst cross with the Shaiudia.^ wouM '"'>'^•' a /•'/•// /anir and valuable l,ird ibr the talde, not lor Lrecdinortrom. Mr. Ta-Mart. of XorthumlMMdand. Pa., is disposed " t'luik iavorablv «d" some Chitta;:on;:s he received '""" ">"' NNilli apairof Shan-haes. Tiiev are all vet 'l" = f".VMun- II,. savs: "'*' all lar-e breeds, it strikes me the Cliitta^on-^s 1^^" "' -t prnlif,,.. My Hrown Pulht be-an t<» lav o!i ,"; '"['1 "t ()<'tober, when not mmdi over fiveinoluhs fW'.ar" ind'-hted to 1 ». Tairir-irt. F-q., of Northum- lierlmd, for a ]>air of his ChittaLron;.:s. We d'» » ot know their ].reeise ai^e. but from their a]>pearance, presuni'' they are nor more than six mo:ith> «'ld. — The cock is a fini^ le. ikin:r bird. \ei-v larc^e jiiiil well f»rmed. The pullet we th'nk Mpin's in ibrni t<' any «d" our best Sh:in<:haes. In point of *«ize she ex«-e«'di them, and her layin;^(]u.il!ties e.juals tlieirs, v. I'Ji this \ in favor of lu^r i";:,^;^s, that t!i(>y are mueji larjer. NV'o propose testini: the c;'i!i}>;irati\ •' \alu" id' the two breiMls. Iiv ;rivin;r both the sani" feed ami h'tli^i-n;*.- — ■ Mr. T. has our best thanks for the fuwls. — }!i».| Id. 1 iiriv 111 twenty two days she laid ei;rl,t,>on Fu'i^s, (or, [ '.V say nin.-teen. Ibr one was d,,nlde,) and then O, .), ^ '.^an to sit. Her layinjx ^vas after this fashion ••'••». No doul.t r (MMild have kept her at it hv "-yVp'in- h,Tnest from timo. Itisextraordinarv that •■'"'• -^It-a- iueubatin;: a week, she irrew very sick :^'"i 1 was forced to break her F-irs and take her .df "•'!> ^he h,.^ran to h^y she wei-hed six and three- I larter p<,„nd.s, now only tive pounds. But she is iJst ( r \v\ icics Kx}til>ih'il ill ilir SUilr A'lriculhiral Fair at Ilarris- //)()';/, />>/ K. Wliihnaii d ('•>,, /hi/fl/non'. \N hitman's Impro\ed Wr«.u;:,ht Iron llailway Horse Powrr, l2 horse ; do. 1 horse. Fddy one wh"el horse power. Whitman's Ireu Cyliniler Threslier ami Cleaner: d<>. and Straw Cutter: do. Plain: do. Oversln^t: do. Improv»'d Hay Press. McCormick's Impr(»ved Rrapimr Machine. Wliitman's Ii'on Corn Sheljer: d(>. Double; do. sniftll Double: do. Single : do. NCrtical Plate: do. Cylin- indrical Straw Cutter. Maci.mber's Straw Cutter. Ituirides' Straw Cutter: do. Vegetable do. Pitt's Citrn and ('*>)* Cruslier. Beals' Corn and Cob Crusher. Whitman's Improved Chain Pump: do. Ciard Minor it irorton'siMow, Nos. 1«, 18], VJ, Vj.\, 2«>, 21. Choiiowcth's Plow, Nos. 7 and 8. Djivis's Plow, Nos. 7 and 8. INlooro & (!lni?nl)('rlain'8 l^low, No. <», 7. Bcnudi's Cuiicavo do. " 7, 8. Barsliaro do. " 2, 8. Su])S(nl Plow. Woodcock's do. *' 1, 2, 0. AV hitman's Improved CultivaturH ; do. Kxpanding Cultivators. («i(Mld('s Harrow. No. 2, Kx l>aml)oron^l»'s Wli»'at l';ui ; No. 5, < Jrant's do. do. (iatclicis Wator H nu. \-. 2. (Jnint's Improved <«i;(iii « im(1I'\ (Jrain Scytlie and Sikm! Ii : r>i-.iin!»H' -In. d... A;i;rii'ultural (\iul'!i^, .i'-''' C)orticnltnral Oifj.u [iiuiil. I'l T the I'lirm .Ti.nriiri!. Kverjjrccn Ti-oc^ atui Sluuhs, %,,. i. Many of the new Kver^reens of recent introdiie tion into the United States are y(>t ot^ so snnill a size •'^"^'' ^^'^' mouth (»i" the Ore^;,.!,, (lod \W[ uitli.ui tlirou^h tlie winter in tlie open ;j;round. It is ;,M(:itly to )»o hoped it may prove; hardy. Tlie f li;i^^> js u[\ dark rich green, and its growth aii to the brc*.' (MIL l;i-lii.iiiali|i' -! a ii/>//i;/ at all >taL:<'s of its giM'.sth. It will pi- .l,a!>Iy attain in our diinnre u hei::lilh of ('»i I tij- nuirr I'c.'t. I'nid riiisiijin ,.r Mniiiit Atias ('('liar, i.s aNo imt- fectly Iiai'il_\ Ii-m'i'. and so lai' a- (Mif <'an juili:" fmin >p'>iin( ii> a'^ini 1"^ in 1m - liij^li, pi'omiscs tu h'-cjUiil in h"auty t(»an\ (.ili- i-. It has attracted con;ist season. The Icuvcs are very dark and li ii-p pointed, and grow all arniinl the lu-tuudies. 'Y\\<- wv.w growth at I he exirciiiitic! differs in the colour an(i length of tin? h'aves. ami in general appearance fret, and ni up right hahit. In its native plac(^ it reai he> a li< i_dil from (Jl) to 70 feet. \V(^ think this tree will )in>\c;i great favorite with the public. Abies J)ou(/fat!i. 'flier-' :ir<' \[> sp.riiii.'ns \r{ i ) be (da liip d ill tlii' I'liiti'd Siat'f Imt a r.\\ inches lii"/h. 11 ( 'i'/nrs,sits /'.i-K/osa i-r Twisted <'\ press, is a ^l""- oies I'll in t!c !! wi^l^y.iw ^l untains, perfectlv li:ir'!v here, graceful and beautil'ul. It is Ibund in the Nt'l'-^' ranges at an altiiude of about 80(10 ieet, and al"'"' 40 ieet high, pyramidal in sha]>(\ with numerous tl'i- ible bi'anches. Its ^^()od is fragrant and buiiu'd I'J the natives as incense wood. This tree has dcvclep'*! suflicicntly in growth and habits jiere. t») pp've il a decided acciuisition. Its lblia"'e is li'i^ht irretn. Jnnijxnt.s Hxnistt, Tall Juniper is foinid in *'-'>•' the same ranges as th(> preceding, and is c(|H;i hardy, and also whole forests of it in the Island-' ^• the (Jrc(Man Andii|Hdant MJ fiiteen s})ecies (d Juni[»ers we have grewin:' wcctuisider the K.xccdsa the most beautilul. Its liab' is strictly erect and pyramidal, vt^ry regular in it- ' i-^" line, with foliage of light green colour and very;:!'''^ sy. duniperus isa prolitie genus, thirtv seven spocit^ l)eing enumerated in »uir foreign catalogues. l*irea Gnuiiiis, and Picea Nobilis, are two ef tl-^ as to give but little notice, and a di-j-'-iiion seems to (ixist among foreign nurser\ men. i , niij-iidx mere vari(»ties, ibundei] upon <^\c(M'dinLii\ ^li-lit dl!i' r- ences, and only serving to mid to our alj' ^nh I'ln- 1 n ed catalogues. Excepting mIici-c. a- a ni 1': a- o| riosity and refiTence, th(M)bject is to m ik • a complete coll(\'ti(»n, nnniv of thes(» vari(»ti(^s mav rcadilv be dispens(Hl with. We shall notice su(di, as amon"-our own importations, we have observc^l to offer sojmc stri- king characteristics and will probably i)rove decided actpiisitions. TaxoiJium Scmpcrvirens is one cd^ ile new discov- eries from Califcu-nia, and from accounts of it in its uative wilds, may fairly be ])lace(l at the head of all coniferous Trees. It has been found of the almost incredible hcighth of ilOO feet, and measuring 00 feet in circumference at (> ft»et from the ground. Kven in dense f()rests it has been found to average 200 fet't. The bark is represented as exceeding thick, (» to 12 incln\s. The tindier is of a beautiful red c lor, close grained and light, and isexciHMlindy valualde — larire quantities being export(Hl. It is called l»y the Amer- ican settlers red wood or bastard cedar. Specimens of this tree may be obtained at the nurs<'ries,2to o ft. high, but we do not know that it has yet been tested ' invaluable ac(piisitious from California and OrcpD i I for whi«'h we are in.lel>ted tu the entcrpn.se of Diaig la>s their first discoverer. Neither of them are yet to be obtained in the U. S. })ut a few inches high.- They are rfectly hardy here. IWea no- iil.s, was found by him near the cataracts of the Co- lumbia in extensive; forests, and is descril)ed in Mii- tliiisiastic terms ''as combining in itself all that is ma- jestic in furm ami statunv beautiful it. outline and majestic in proportion. Attaining in its native forests thcstupend.ai-^ li.'i-li! of 1-0 (•.•.Lit throws O^fat e.pial intervals its h-ri/.oi,!al 'hraiicl.,- in wli.ad^ ut such unllbrni ord, r and arran.'-'ain nt. that - u, 1, |.rics foruis a bciuitiful d-n-e ciivnlar piattorni of tae deepest verdnro, l.roadei-at tic l-a-'. and -ra.lii- allv narrowing ;!i''i'' ni'lin- a-- ila y asc^aid. N. itle i- is there tlic b'a-t appro I'di to -;itrne<^ in ihi- nnit-r' miiv, nil the contrai\ iVoiu 1 lc> tino ncn i\ n nre. both of tlie dense foliag" :;nd i!i" 1 an ral shoots, inin irt" ini: a feather like softness to the !a-anches, tic .1,1 na- tre ' is invested with a grace to which no description can do Justice." J'lrni (ii;(iii/is was found by liini in jreal luxuri- ance in the humid valleys of northern Calif-uaiia. attainiu"- there the hci;rht of 1T'> fo 200 feer, and 1- censpiiaious no less for its great stature, than the rich brldit verdure of its foliage." It is n(»t .so vahmble as a timber tree. Pascuall Morkis. IIV.v/ Cluster, 1851. h\N< A^TER CorNT^ A.iRK'lI/riRAL SoriF.TV. — Th(» re'.;idar amnnd meetinjz; of this soci»'tv will be held at the Me(iour\. K<«p of IMrdadel|diia county. The read-i - "f il." dMwnal are familiar will) \\\ ■ !iii:!i practical clia:-a t'r "1 "^Ir. ^J'^. writings, and \\.' 'm-' tiiai h.' will !"■ \\ 1 K-omed by a lar;;e audience. \\ •> are i' jU'-t 'd di~;in> ilx t" Ptate, iliat ALL are iu\iied o l,e prev.ai!. wletlcr in. iuhers of the so»-ietv or not. WUh the feeling that at present animates the farmers i»f this great oeuntv, the nn'etiuLr abt)ve mentioned should not onlv bf a lull (.ne, liut it should V)e the occasion on which th" future prosperity of the society should be estali- lished beyond the conting(Micy of a doubt. T.ur Mull, I An-hitccl No. '), has Ikhmi received. We »re M^Kul to observethat each succeeding number gives niarKed e\ idence of impritvement upon the last. The (l»'si;:ns ;ir(^ not onlv well conceived, l)ut beautifullv executed, and the specifii*ations. i\:c., accompanying them are full and complete, 'fhe ])re^.ent number ''"Uiains a representation id' a villa in tlu' Norman nt\le (d ar(diitecture. x-iviu"' not onlv full front, side and rear view, lait also a very large number of litho- graphs illustrating th<» details (d' the building. We »;rain connneii 1 this valuable work to the attention of our readers. Tin: FA w M jor 1^ x a l. ^!3yi-tiiit ersliur^-, Ta. II. M. 1; \u 1 INS, Carii-l". I'a. A. L. \\ \!^i 11 1 I'. "^ "''^^ ''■^• and •! Uookselld- _eiierally. Oiil- Ollu ('. Th..se having business to transact with u^ will please call at the Hook St.u-e of W. II. Span-l^'r, in North (^leen street, Lancaster, wlu re wc or our re- presentative will at all times be in attendance. \iiiiiial Mc( ling ol tlie *-I.itc \-iiruUuial *-.a-iety. It will be remembered that the annual meeting of State Society will be held at IIarrit to con- tributor<. a !,nni'' ■ r -f excidlent .• nnirinicalion- have been recei\-d. t!i- vain- ..fwld-ii v ill ■ nnd.a-^f. -l 1,, ..^..ry i-.'ad. 1-. W ii> -1" '-^ ' '" ^ hise Mi.'h num- bers for all tim.' to ,. lu' .' W- 'lai^i ::n appeal t' those uii- have been in tleOiabit of corresponding for n-rieulrural publications as well a< to tho^. v, h . havenot, will rceiveattentiou, andindu.eevery friend of agriculture to i.ut his hand to the work. Aim -t every day W(> meet with farmers who have had he advantages of many years practical exper.- ence, ami yet, who, in answer to i.ur repeate.l re.piest.*^ to communicate a small i-ortiou of that experience for the benefit of ..ur readers r.-ply, - W<' ^vill, so soon a- anythin- occurs worth publishing." Many of these reipiests are made of men. who have been till- ing the soil for twenty or thirty and even fil\y years. C;ui it be iM)ssible that they have been engaged in agricultural pursuits for so longatime and not learn- : ed something w«u-th communicating for the bendit of their fellows. We m<'t (-ne of ibis kind a few days since, a most excellent practical farmer. The usual reply, *' I know nothing worth writing alnait," was "■iven, and yet, before ten minutes had elapsed, ho gave us, in conversation, the result.** of J?everal highly 31G Khl'Coi;! V i, t-ivr «tj;i v-flL j;f«.dt\» a W**^^ -WW •»^- (fAM'AKY, intiirostin;!; oxjxiiiiuciits. SIttiii;; at our desk wliilc h(^ was relating them, wo took notes as l)(MV(Mit aloii(^ and when h(; left our oflico, put tli(* notes in the form of* a conmiunlcation. lie returned shortly afterwards and was not a little surprised to find that one (»{' his | oxperinuints formed the hasis (tf one of the l»est prac- ! tieal arti(des in our present iniuih'r, and he h ft us far ])etter satisfied than wlien he entered our oftico. \ He felt that he hail done soniethin;r whieh ini<'-ht h(» valuable to (»tliers. The ice was })roken, and we have not a douht that this little incident will he the means ' of eallliii;- nut other facts e(piallv valuahle. A r. ihere ' not thousands and tens of thousands such in \\ im-vl- vania? There ar<', and thev are wautiii;;- in dutv to' themselves, and those who are to succeed them, if ! they permit valuahle truths to die with thcm-elves. ''Believe that you can do a thin;:, aiul it is half done already," was a favorite saying with om^ who was never known to fail in any thin^ he undert(M)k. AVe Hay to those who hesitate ahcait writing for the Jour- nal. )>e]iove that von can do it. if vou don't succeed it will then he time enough to say you cannot. The State l<'air— The IMuuin- Matcii. Wc could not hut regret that the «rreat vari(^tv of plows entered and the necessarily limited time alhw'd for trial, prev(Mite are none of these: ami ther.don^ ref th(» jilow when at work, in order to judge* of its merits. Neither is the turning of h;df a do/.en furrows in soil of the same character, a conidusive criterion Ix \\!ii,!i id judge of the value or \n -' ! !il' — ii.-- mI" ;i i,h w. ^- mc plows from their peculiar cnii-iiie !:,,ii .n-,. h. ,-,( ;.,! ,|,- tcd to light soils, othiu-s, to stiff he:r, v one-^. ;;ii(| therefore, to (h^cide upon the mci-it- ol' ili.' t\\M. I r. m a trial in soil of the sauuM-haracter is m Mii!i-;|\ un- fair to on<' or the otluM-. Again, however competent the g«Mitlemen who compose a ploughing committee. it appears to us utterly iiu) ossil»le for them to de- cide properly u])on the value of four or fiv(> out (d' twenty ])loughs, when the regulations are such as usually govern idoughing match(>s. vi/, : comiMdlin^'- all the ploAvnuMi to start their t(>ams at the sanu' mo- ment and complete the amount of work alloted to he dime, within an hour. \\\ hour we should think lit- tle time enough f)r the trial of a single ]do\v, much less twenty, and as th(> agricultural communitv is looking for an imphMiient l>est adapted to general use, it would seem next to im]iossi)»Ie, to (hv^ide up- on its character in this respect, when the trial (.f it is confined to only (.ne kind of soil. It should U tried in different kinds of soil, and hy different plow- men. The skill which a man may acquire in the use of a very inferior implement, may be such as to enable liini to do fair W(,rk witii it, :,nd thus impose upon the judgment of the connnitt.>e. Ditfovnt plowmen should hold them in different s(.ils, and to the plow most easily managiMl and performin- the best work, should be awarded the first prf laiina." ' • In sp(>aking thus, we (h.sign, no reflections ur>„n the decisi n^ of tlie Committee at the Sate Fair Pliav- ing .Match, for we believe Ihey were made with strict reference t(t the m, i-i sulject, niMj-cly W^v the purpoH> of cailin: attention to it. with the hope that it wiii I <> dcnnr'd sufficiently important to call forth at tie- next State hiir, a new set of regulations in whiidi more tiuican-i better opportunity will be aflonled the conmiitt. e to make their deci-ions and a fair (diance to the diiK'ivnt manafacturers to exjiibil the commendable points of their implements. The first premium \; as awardeil to Jesse I^awjin/ «»f Montgomery county. At seviTal plowing niatc}i»', we attend(Ml during the fall, we were favorahlv im- pr<>ssed in rei:ard to the Pawling's J'low. The .viv.-" with which it was operated, the a}>parent liglitii-^s of draft, and l!i(> (dniracter of the work perfrui'd by i were all in its favor. It i< a centre draft, and c(»nstructed upon nearly the stime principles as I'n.ut- ty's. It does not appear to bt; w«dl adapti'd to iirnvv or stiff soils, but Inning never seen it te^tcfl in mr-Ii. it would b(^ unfe.ir to give an opinion c.)ni'crii!n;: it in this particular. The second pr. mi urn was awarded tofoMt. Hriiullp "• ^ 'ii!iil-r!,Mi(l county. W ■ ha\e no recollecti(»n ef .1 plough l.a\in.:- 'dr. lo-indle's name a< maker, (hir iiii!'i.--nii \\;i-.f!iat the second p'-. inium wa-^ award- ■■'1 to j'liink'v ( 'niier Pl^w. madi' in the same cciaitv ll \\ear' nii-;;alM n. we will clieerfullv ci>rrect th- ' ''''"I'- '1 he j'ii-^t prcnrjiiM in duplicate, was awardnl l'\ the ('onnniite(> on lmj»lem(>nts, befi.re trial, tc I'routy A M ars. No. 5.], and to Phudv's Cutter P!e\r. No. 57. and we may have gleaned our impressitin? from this fact. Troutv .^ Mear's No. o.! was awarded th(^ third ]>iemium. This pl,,w has acquiie 1 a celebrity wliifh renders an extended notice bv us unnecessarv. In many sei-tions of ihe country it is (a>nsidere«l the nr phis }(//ru (.f plows, and for adaptation to li,::!il soils, we think it an admirable im]ilem(Mit. AVhetlior it will compare in lightness id' draft with Pawlin.i:'^ we had no o)t)»ortUi.iry af ascertainin*'-: but if the condition of the t(>ams nmy be regarded as a critcri- rion. th(> odds wcnM'vielently in fav(»r of Pawling s. The fourth premium was taken bv Jonathtui F. (Jarrard of Allegheny county, for his Sore and during trial, we were not disappointed in the 1S.VJ|. EDTTORIAL. r.\7 W9r-^wmm^mtmm* (ic.i^ien -t b"autifullj sieii of hed implem-'Uts on the groinid nud afra-ted !v ••\''rv \<'^tig" "if grass. Thi^ wa^ a< effectually dene much attention, not mei-elv from the (^Ic/ane • of its l.v ill ' |»l'>v.'s already named, thou'.rh \ve think they had finish, but the simplicity of its movem-aits. 'WImt- ni.iawhat the aburg, the fifth prranium \va> ':;ivcu for tiair Iron IMow, Xo. 1<\ No inud> - 111''),;- on the grouiul attracted more attention than tin* iduws exhibiti'd bv these gentlemen. Pinished in the ]]]■ ■ beautifed styl", and of a cor.strUi'tion admirably K'i.ti •. d to -j'^'d W('rk, the fav(»rable impre-^sinn crea- tr ! i.\ tla'ir aptMar:ince was strengtheiitd by t:'!;:l. ver th> >e drils have been trie wh-» u-e them, all of wh..nj ^jx-ak oi' i\\'U\ in the hi'.rhe^t t' \'\\\<. Cii^t-r'- i>r".Ii, exhibited byJenkin-i vV Lamb, [» ai>oan excellent inipfam-nt, an 1 i> bein .<, c\: ai.-ively introduced. Pcnnock's Hrill, ha- In en hair aiel fiv.a'aidv known and i-; one ,,[' the fir-t introdin-id e' Ara'-ri- Maiiv olh'r pl<»ws of exc'llent make w.^ie entered can .n\ciition, p^sessed of m< rit. 1; i->a 1^ ;i\ier im- •i\\\ to (juite a number of which diph-mas of merit phan -nt than Mooi-e's and more conipl'«-atcd. buf does Nv •••' awarded, and favorable mcniion nmde by the it- work wcli. CMiuiaittee on implements. Our space will noi enable I U-; t I narticu!ari/.e. Ir u \\ iso been ruae«r''d al>n»ad that the citl/.'-ns ///v//// />/-/,7.v— Of the«e quite a numb(T were exlil- "f ll:uri>buru- d'^i-ned purcha>;;n'r thirty a. r-s of hitcd ut the mo.t approv.'d cnstru.aion. It being p-'.und. erecting <.n it permin.-nt f-ncitig. sli-dd'ng, ime....ib|e to tct the merit of th.se drills by actual : ^^■•"- '^'^'l donating \[ to t!i« S:;Ue S,M-iety upon the trial, the Committee awarded diplomas t<. alL Sev.- >'*'«»"lii:'"» '1' it H irri.bur,- he selected a- t'c p rnui- ta\ of those .'xhibited were entirely new to u^. The ' '^''''^ l''^^''' I'"' '»-l<''iiig the atnmal exhibiti-n - .-1 (he |)rinc;ples np..n which they w.a-e con^-truct'-d ap- , '"^""'•'"^ • >»'V:>ral corre.p .nd^n's eneuire whether p.ared to promise good work, but witli the drill as ' ^'"'^" '^ ^'"^ f-i!»«'l:«n"" l'"' l-'"' nnn-r. at.d if so. '.vi ii i!ie plow, we re.piire to sc" them in actual ope- ' ^^'^''^J^'" it would I xp.dh nl for t!ie Soeh ty to ac- railuu i.ef ,re we fVel willing to pass .air opinion, upon ^"'1'^ ^'"' pi'"p"^in"H. tleiu. And her*« wetakethc liberty of suggesting to I" ''T'.^' ^" ^•'- *'»'>' in-pi-ry w would stat- that wc th-e who miy ha\e the selection of Committees f .r ; ^''''' ''"'•'''l ^'"' ^^I'ne . umor, and believe ther.- i. truth th'ii -xt State Lair, the propriety of appointing a se- '" '^t, a.hle ugh w cann..t sp. ak pxitiv -ly. parage Cmmitiee, to each particular cla.->< of imjde- j -^ ^ ^" ^^"' pi-"l"''''^'' "♦ p nnan.-ntly h casng the mentsin order that tlie true vabu' (»f those exhibi- ' ^^=^^'' exhibitions at o//y .,^*' ce.nnor think it ad->i>able. at h a^t, mt in .lie in- * * I luauii to any kind of implement, by a Committee of I'l'- Slate Society, is a matter of no small m"m(>nt, ;ui'l should therefore he nnit premium inijih nients ;?enerally connuand the best sale. i*urchaser8 are hias-ed in their favor, and more readilv admit their Uitruduction on their farms, from tie- fact of tie ir lilUcV of the Society, 'fhe jiT'-jiriciy of holding the State fair p'-rmaui n;ly at ('olumbu^'. i^ a i'|ee ef dis- cussion with our brethren of Ohio, and ihe fdit^r of the Culti\ at^r spe ak^ our \ iews en thi ^ -ubi< c > auaiu-t th • p:ieji.siiion, thiiiivinj^ thi'iu a< v.efl adaotcvl to the ( liujate <.f I*eiin-v!\ .ania as of Ohi... S) loirj; a> tliere ai th -r t •wn-- in the hfi\nig re»a>ived the premium fr>ma !»odv|of compet nt , iui-e.. jb-nce the neeessiivof a -reater number oi '"^-^te, :nnl tie re are ..Neral -uch. wh..>e^ ra.ilr-.a 1 fa- cilities and a< con) niwtlati "lis :'!•«■ e(pial to tlio ,• ..f II ar- rishurg, iu>f -i> long there will be clainjan*< i"r t!;i» exhibitieu. Alr-adv. -e\eral are in th • lie! !. an I 'he I number will doubllcs> l»e incre;u->e 1. Ibi; bar Mr. IJatdiam : — "Tlie firs; an<:i\ ed. ^' nd: the the nuav ;^' n a-al intro.hiction to public iioti.-e. (d' the verv best >ii>d most improved implements. To attain this ob- J''t no pains slaaild be sjKired,and w«.' think, that if :ifter the plowing match, a trial (d* the drills should l"^ iaade.it Would be the most effective meiho.l of as- certaining their true worth. Although we t-an sp(-ikonlyin general termsofthe [•»'••-:•• majority of Drills exhibited, we can parti* uhir- »Z' I few, from the fact of ha\ing seen them in uatent, several .d' \\hich were exhibited by 1 • ... » aiiti'nait makers. Thcdrill of this))atenS mauufactu- and lastly, the hotel and loardinghou.su k.ej >ers ..•m ^'r.niT.' Mif^^ > .t« .^; b-. 318 EDTTORTAL. f.T\vi\nr I8r)2 ] ROOK \OTirivS. ni!P would iiiaki; IxitUT arr:m^(;moiits tor accoiiuaodatin;:; tho (n-owd of visitors. " Adinittin;!^, as wo do, tlio importanoo of thoso ron- sidorations, avo am still not prepared to ben- efit IIk' S/u/c a/ /((r(/e — not one p ii li' ii!:ir portion. — Now it is ea^sy to see that a I'aii' h-M iii aii\ "Hc phic". is \('i'V little bciaiit !'■ ih' laniea--; 'j^- im ra II w CXeept those rcsidiFi^ w ilhlii "tO oi-i'dl imlcs ai'niind. It is true that a few of the more wcalthv and f'nt<'r- prisi 111;- will attend IV'iiii ]\\"V'- di-iaiit paiMs. lai! it i- only Iht' \»a'v f'rir, while the mas.s\ athi those who most need (h(» .s/inndns '<> inipnn'enicnf wlTudi suidj Fairs alford, are not reaehe(l (»r benclitttal, becaus<' they ha\e not the m<'ans or disposition to attiMid. — Th » sam" is true in rei:;ard to m(Mdianies, thoup;h not quite to till' same d(»<:;ree. This ai';:;ument tilone is, to our mind, of sufficient wei;:;ht to eiamterbalanee all tliose on the other side. " A'j;ain, it is not only important that the poojih^ of ftll parts (tf th(^ State should be able to witness these Fairs, but also that they should all liav(* opportunity to exhibit tli-ir most a]^proved stock, implements, manulaetures and productions; and who that has attended su(h exhibitions, docs not know that ncarlv all tlie ai^ricultural part of the show comes in from not over ')() mil(>s around? A'erv few farnuM's are williii;;- to drive or transport cattths sluv^p, swine, itc., for such puip(tses, even thou;2;h they attend the Fair thems(dves. llcncc ii" we desir(» to sia^ and comjiare the faian stotd< and prcduclioiis oi" ihc Stale at lar;;-e. it nnist be (htiie by h.'Minj: the Fairs alternat"lv in differcMit parts of the Stat(\ " Lastly, therois every reason to suppos<\ that thesr> Fairs, would in a very few y(^ars become "an old storv,*' lose tiuar interest and fail of success, if held each vear in the sameloeation, when' thesann'jjrrounds and :irranu;em"nts would meet the ey(\ and i:;en(M-ally, tho same lit^ojile, animals, machinery, productions, &c., or so n(\irlv the sam(\ that all the novelty and zest of th(» occasion would be lost, and even the (»ffi- ccrs and citizens who now contribute funds, and labor 80 ehe(M('u!ly and efliciently at a Fair without f e or reward, wiaild soon feel it to be sore drudii;ery, or a tax whi(di would (Uily be born(^ by those who expin-t- ed to be directly benefitted in ri'turn. " In view of these eonsiderati(tns and th<'v are the »amt^ that have always been aeted upon by the New York Stah' Society — wo believe that once in three to five years it as ol'ttMi as the State Fair should be ludd ft. at any one placv* ; thou<;h, of course, a central local- ly miiriit very properly be chosen somewhat oftener than any other. In this way we believe F'airs would ronduce to the greatest good of the greatest number, and would continue* to do so for the longest tiiiii\~- But if any of our readers think otherwise, and will point out the defects in our ar'/nrnents, wo will cheer- fully give them space; in our cohimns. 13ook Notices. The following books have been laid on oin* table.— Want of space compels us to delay a more extendjMl noti(^e of th' 111 iii.iih)iii' lext : 'i"he I nite.j States, itn power and I 'r' 'i/ress, Mi'^. KM---" I'raetieal le-cint l>i'nk, iViiiii LiMjiiia < it t. (iraiiilm A <'ai!.'a!"'s Common .'^^dienl Arithmetic, ria-- I'.M'ik <>! i'luse and l'wetr\. aii-i ( Jreenloaf"'s i'laiiiaiy A i iUiiieUe, l'"iu li. S. l'a\i.s,V ( 'o., 15t)ston. WiinsTEii's Diction AKY, Umihi i'J>♦' have used it for a numbm* of years, and woul 1 ratli- part with every volunn^ on our shelves than it, »" those of our reaehrs who have not secured a copy we would say, do not hesitate betw(^en it and others. Thoie is no other dictionary so complete and conipre- h(^nsiv(\ and consecpiently no otlier so valuable. ^<^- advertisenu'Ut on hist page of cover. TiiK S.Now FivKi-. a (Miristmas. New Year and Hirtli Day Gift, for lSo2. K. II. IJutler k Co., Fliilaaa. The r.Miutation the Messrs. IJutler have for yc:ir^ .11 sustained as publishers of elegant annuals, is \^«'" supported in the beautiful book bef«)re us. 'I'iie ilhi^' trations are, we think, superior to those of fornioF volumes, wdiile the ccmtents are fully equal in p"i"* of merit. The favor the Snow Flake has received ^t the hands of the public, has encourag«'d the pub- | Tin: Mostiii.iks. — (iinlidin's M,>iis ot" ])re-eiit number more attractive, and they have sue- , literature to whit h it is devoted. 'I'lie illustrations coeded admirably. IJv a reference to the secontl pag<' i are numerous and beautiful, and if th-' number be- of nur citver it will be seen that Messrs. Butler of^'er ' fi»re us is to !..• regarf its ri\als stiiii'laid Scho(d Books. to e.. r'iilad--1phia. J.ippm- ' . , ..,,' ,.,.'. ... .. '. : , ' ,, tions, and filled with interestiii'.: contributi n-- from 0"tt. < «rainoo iV l o. Thi^ b-autiful .\nnual is unquestionably oiu> (.f the mo>t eh'irant e\er issued from the American Fre>-. and the enterprising publishers have surpassed them- soiiie i.f th" Iie-t )>ens (,!' our cnuiitrv. The skill man- |e.>te(l l.v i iodry ill caterinir t<» tie* \aried ta.-tes id' his many rcader> in b\-'j;on . year-", seems imt t" havt? ft » I »> lost any nf its power; and like that <.f hi^^ distin- Lruisheij cdtianji'irary < i rah am, hi^ In -Id upai the li'ioiI will (if til" community at large is a string one. — 'forms .s;; p.r annum. g(d\"s in the number and gorgeousness of the illu>- trari-ins and the neatness of the typography, 'fhe desijrns which an; entirely original, are ])riiited in coh'is in Ihivall's best style, and so happily has the artist suc«-e(ded, that they resemble painlings rather ' //"//" /'.v Mtjitz'nu b.r December is ,.n our table than prints. '{\v^ whole of this sujierl) volume is do- , ^^•' always welcome thi.- delightiul m-.nthly with uii- sigiad to illu^trateoneof the most interesting depart- mingled satisfacthui. A\'.' hav" littl" time to dey<,te ineiit^ ..f .\meiican history— Indian lifi' : the literary to mi^e.dhmeous re ding, i ut \Nheiicv"r we have, we porti.n being a c(dle<-ti•> per annum. guide.! writers, and the illustrations from a series Tin Inh I ii'ifioHiil Me( ember, the fir^l uf oriuiiial drawings (d' sonn* of the most striking and ^ve have re«-eived in ex( hange.) is a monthly c(,ntain- remarkable objects connected with these legends and ! iiw nearly one hundred and fifty la-j^e,^ of (degant traditions, furnished l)y (.'a}>tain Fastman. *' The and closely print- d mati"r. of tic nn-t interesting Iris" i< American both as to subjects and authorship, \ eharacter. 'fhe International, is coiulucted mainly uj>- and a> su,.}| cMnnnends itsidf to tiii>se who desire the ' (,n tin- plan of ilaiper's Magazine. It- c. intents are progress of literature and the fine arts in our coun- of high ord"r. both original and selcct.Mf and the try. A\ekiiow of no more idiaste or ele;rant nresen- whole work Lrives evidence oi' lastc and iudLiiucnt in tdtion book, as it deservedly ranks amongst the first the enterprising publi.sht is. 'forms S.'i p.-r annum. of American Annuals. ..•./- w ti i I .'^•//•/'fiii s { iimii M'lijazin^. — 1 he ele;^ant appear- TiM- In-,.- n., 4 -1 ) i- i?- /• i>i -1 111- aiice ..f this ni-nthlv — the beaut v and finish of the il- iin. I't.w \nn)\\ (f frihu/r ftf affcrfiou. J liiladeiphia. • ". . l^ipi>ineott, (;rambo & Co. ' 1 bi^trati.ai. and the pjeasin-j; and in-!nicti\e character \i,..,, 1 , ,. , . 11 * * . 1 *i of the contributions, all betoken a hiudi dei:r«'e of -\ iniiMsome \olume, III ui some of our very best writers, and ha\e * . i i i he.M. vol , .t I ,. -fi *i 1 •* i- • • *i 1 1 . publishers assert that it is to be re-j-anhd (.nly as an oKii selected Mitli the design of giving the l»ook a ' • i r ohar-ieter ...W 1 ♦ . •. 'I'l n u • averaiT'' specimen of the (pialitv oi tin,' succeeding tiiaiaaer suited to its name. I he Dew Prop is a ,, - new ■••.i..r.,l.,t . 4- ,. 1 r r i n i i ; numbers. 'I'erms S.J i^er annum, ii«-w 1 aiKiKiate tor puhhc favor, and one W(dl calcuia- | . ,, , , , i i- tod to deserve and merit it. TiiF Sr \n or l>KTm.KnF..M, or S/ifri's/hr Christmas. I'hihnh'Iphia. Lindsay tV IMakistoii. This is a very eh^gant little volume, designed as a (11 • . /. I , ' ami opposite I row II 31 . I 111 I. .II""" ••■••• ' - .... ,..■■^ V'lnistmas present tor tiie v«>ung. Its ;nn)earance at is mabu-.i. l)v inrT'-:is''»'iepiiii"ii nuiionfi.iriic .Ml <>{ the above monthlies may be had ft* V- H. Spanirler's liook Store. North (^ueen street, Limaster llu\ KIFS IMv MAM F.VtiOKV n»'m')Vf.l toN.i lit H.\Ci: STKi:r.T '..'fwe^n Fourth , in.! Fifth, aii'l opposite rre^vii si . I'M 1 1,.\ l>l ll -I'H I .\. wli.re tlu- proprietor ■ * ' •' - ' - '• *' ■ -" ' d keeping ^yith its title, it furnishes a most appropriate present for those whose minds should always be train- ed to the contem]>lation of subjects at onc.» calculated to gratify and benefit. Tho illustration.s, six in num- ber, are very beautiful, an.l its g«Mieral appearance' highly creditable to the publisher?. of ilie .MiuTM-au ptiltiir. th:it It is BCiirc^-lv iirc sh ir\ fo 8.u jmiv- tliiii-rm lis laver. and th«* maiinr.icturer t ikrs tlii« opporluiiity U) 8a\ that tiie (Miilidt'iU'O tliilS S.ciirfd. 8li:>ll M.'t 1'^ ;il>i8f(l 111 adilitioii ti> tli«' varioiiB kmils of Writmir Ink. l.«* a so ma?\n- factiirrs \ D.V.M .\NT1\ 1'. rP.MKXT. t*or tn.-ndin!: \;>.»rfX Till] IM'IjI.ISIIKIt would rcsprctfully call jittciit'on to tlio rullowiiiM; nnnounopincTit of tlio niMst (..ni- ])loto :i)j(l iK'tmriiiil work on American Trc.'s jiow ])u]>lislHM|. li is of^jrcat valuo t<) Lil>r:)ri("s, n .'hh-ins iu the c.HnKvvv hotaiiisfs. and nursorvm-n, and those who take an inten^st in th<' cnltivation oC trees. Huhs(:n]),M-s will i)U'aso desi<5nate whether they wish t!ie ^vh()le work, or Nutlall's Supidemcnt s-pa- ratel y. ^ ' Sul,scii])t"ons received by the pu])lisher and l.y G FJ ). ('IJXTOX SMiTil 'rravcHino- A"ont fur tho nih'd ^States and Isi'itish Auicriea. An-an;j;!-nientM ha\e heeii maih* that \\ c tnnor h" siipplird throi ;rh Dooksellers. '""'"i" '^'liji"' ''k'';;iii '-iiiii 'i-^uii y .iim \iii;ii,iiii M,i.iiiiii 'iiiiMiiii ■'iiiir''':iiiiiiii y .y ''i.i;i.iiil liiip 'W 'u...:Hli ''iiiii '4;. .Lj lii^ (»;i ooxsii)i:m:i) pau'1'I(h:i..\i:l> wrnt iM:si>r<"r to 'nii:iij isimxtiie aiits, andthkiu INTllUDlCTh *\ IN in CO.MM KIU^H ; AVith a description oC tlie most useful of the KntOPKAX FOilKST TIM^KS, illustrated by 1 .')<'. fuioly cohji-ed c;)pp..Tphite en-ravin-;s, by Uedout<', i\:r. In Three Vohunes. Translated ironi tin- French ui F. A.\l>!ti:W MKMIAFX, M.mber ofthe Ameriean Phih)sophical Society, F'.tc, Kte. With Xotes by JOHN JAY JSMiTIl, ^b inl>er ofthe Acadmiv of Xatural Sciences, i.-rsous who possessed the fovni'^' (nlition of MKTIAI X'S work can procure the three addi-ienal volumt^s by XUTTAFL se])arat(dy, and thus com])h^t«^ their co])ies. CONDITIONS. Th(^ wh(de work in six Y(dumes, Pvoyal Octavo, in gilt edge^, and gold stamped cloth, or in stamped s-he;^]), will he furnish(M| for forty-five^ dollars. Or in extra full turkey gilt, 'for fiftv-five d(»llars. PrOliFPT p. SMITH, Publish* r, 15 lAFn r street, Philadelphia. 1R:2. ADVERTISEiMENTS. 331 FAIFMFUS i'PvOTFCT VOlK llol SFS.t P>AKNS. ; jori»\ A L OF TIIF FIIANKFIN INSHfrTF, ii .,...,. •..•i-iilriitsli.ivi- li:iin>'ii'"«l Tt'in li>;litiiiii'j tluruiK tlif t);igt ,. ,; i-/ y i- /> / • < // y- -.t Saunu :rt,;:;t.v'rNpnMt.nt^ .ar.Mu. t .ruuV suonM ai L-c "J ^/"' >^'^^'- "J 1 ^ n,is,,l n, u,n , Jn,- Ihr ^.runt.in.n ,J ihc i,i,.l,f ».i. II ni.Mie*;i8 will !••• m...sl rH". ctiiil in pr.vei.liii}; tlinii — Mtrlniiii<- A, Is. Wli'ii It !:■< r.iii' inli'Ti-tl thai ••irltiii s il. ty iniN iie Bt-nirt'd at a r p 111'. oMrst .M.-rhaiiual I'tTiodifa! ••.xtinl in A!i;» ri'-i.is pub Julied ▼er\ mtliiiii t X|)«-i.si-. it l>trniiiiS tin- ilutv dI rvt-ry lariut r ami JL mi tin- tlr^t til rucli lii<«liUi lll tll»: Cil> t'l rueadi .|'|,i.i It tins fooil iifi/- M to avail liiiii.-Jfll tlif prtifMTfd iiii-aiis JJy hu tloiiii,'. |,tn-u ftiiularl) ihhiu d ti»r iipwanls nj iwmiv tu «• >taib. ajuJ is f,e not only 8f( lifts Ins propi ity from tirf tiv linlttuiiii', Imt pr.«- carcinli) rdib-d i>> ,i coinmitlff of ^.•i. iititii gi-i.tiviui ii hj p.«iuttii tccts also Ins raiiiii) aiil tlio ;c around limi Tin 8i- an* import. nit tor tin- jhu pogr. I)) tlif l"raiikll.i lli.slii n'»-, puiifMii r.itiopK and hluMild liaVf f;r<'al Writ; lit. Tliost* who tit »irfi« 111.- dt-sci Vcdlx IhjjIi if(Mii:itioii. |.. t!i at Ik tiw anil alinrad.uliirh a l.iL'iitiiinn ll"d. p'oii •iPMfd l)\ tlu" lifst Scirntilii- inrii in our ties .loiii iial h is actjiiirMl and siistaimd. has m veil it a rirLUlalion i-oiii~tr'.. til'- Vi r\ iM-vf in list', will liiid It on -ii.itiicatn'n t • TiU'S and i'tir Liiiht ii>u /.'o'/ l'a< tor\ . Viiu- Str<-. t niiru-.- ..n rntcic .tmnh to makf iln t t a ^i(-.^•«•ll..nH fr. iii I 4T»'I;.'!i ?{ (1 ofj* alir'\ <• I'illi. l'.illa(!cl|ilii:i 'l'li< .*'•• l\od» ar-* liliistirt Witlia , Juni naiM. and to u I Vf i-iri-nlatioii t.> o|t^ii,.il coniiUMnicatn ns on the iiniir' '\ fnifids at in-ariy the sannt (ii ici-k as Hit* old wind. (II iii'MhannMl and mm -nil in- hiil.Hi fn an.i n- t:< i 8 of in w inv«-no..|i!« ; n-iiri 8 ol all tin- I' .t«-nts i.s,-.ntil at t.i- at ml C'.i;«c. \\ asllill^t^ n i>\/''"'s; ^'IP^'I I \P ^ \ \\ Mil I "' ' I'A. ;ir<* pn'n i.-!in-d in til'- J.airn il. t L'- tfnr wiOi a lar^i- aiiatiiiit of Avlji k> V 1 FiV L JjAIV t V\> •»i^Oli">. ii.l Tni lioii on .Mfcli inns. « lirnu.««ti V . and ( ivii l^ii'.'iiU'i rin^, df- (;i:Oi:tiF PAtli: \ CO. ru-. lI•r.^.tiM.iat.•^landl..•8tantl,..r.i..s '. p , . 1 r * <- I Ills J..urini IS jiiiti i8!i«-d on tlif lir lot rifli m.intli, farli ntrin- Sliroe.ler street. t.etVM'. n 1>. lltllil.de a:i.| 1 ;iy''tt.» stS.. („ r ( ontum.iu' at l.vi.st 8-v<'i.l> -two ;v.:,.,. ;,,id loriiix f ,vo volnii.«» I » ll' illlofe, annually of aiM.nl |:{-J paijis rac i. il ,>!ratf.! w;tii fi^rai iu^s lU Mirnficfiir • t ) (.rd.T. r.t.;ini pow.rs -l k.v< ral si/rs. 'n;.v I'.o- sni s.-rq tio,, ,.| ,.•,• i« l-v.- D rs ,..r a>linim. |.aya».l.- on alK . Ill nn.lart.ir.' Sawm-' a,.d IVaninj; Aiacl.in. 8 lor raiir-ad w rk. l''*' •onii.lt ti..ii oi rl »• sixtl; nnnd.rr ; ...i it w.!l !>.- |. rwaiil..-.i trre ri,f.s',hi.» Marliiii.s. (Jin-- i .MILLS lor l mn pnrpos.a. ( •(•rn and «d po-stty.- wion tiv dollars ar.- rnniOd t . tiu- Ait.i;i/> (poi,tai;e I'..!, ToMli. rs, IV inj .Molon.-s. SI' I M) AM) CclIN i'LV.NT KK-. iuriu)VKi) iidii I". I'ow i:ks. (OKN siii;li,i:i{s. \q- ffrrs f ir boiinii Wf iJ.s, ang'TS foi l)()iinif frnc- |>osts, wattT whttis fiir<;ii'j: pumps. tVc Til. V rrs.i'Tlfiiliv solifit a slnro of pnliln- iiatroin^- lo sail from i'iiiiiid* h»lii;« oa tiie If^.li, j*iiJ tiuiii l.;v« rj;«M)| rn tht^ Isi ol en h nir.n'li. From l*li:I». From I-'viriool ?hi:» ?i:FN.\xnnAii (Apiii i.vii ) \l o p lid) III atUain-f |i.r oiw >»ar'8 s-ill h<-ri|>lii'n C'oiniiniiiic.aii.'n-* and U-rtrrs on Imisim ss i!»n.st !•»' dire- ted to '• llie Artnarv of tin.- I'raiikim Indl.l'itf, i'ai.adfipliia, /'mnsx 'vania,'- tlir [...stm.- pa d \V.\1 llA.MII/io.N. Aiii;n.>t 1, I*" 1. A'ti! «r\ , I . I. 10 rAi!\ii;i;s. i'i,A\ii;i;s, m.\k;;rt •; \i;i>knk!:- x oi iik;:.-. c.nirAfci i. oi: mitjmci.m. (;r.! \n -\f'i„,ii',!rhi,"] "iii'i h>i Ik i:\Tisii (', c''^ y^/o/ Ao. lit. /'..'.• .s./y,. A r- ;:. /.-. ' I 'IIH niannn- IS so coinlniif-d. tliat th" Aiiitnonia ruid < tli»!r ict I , • W. 1'. (larduier. Xcv i. ;• Wl-vTM: Rll.AND (.',.;'.. 1*. A. J)(. CUll, J Dr. , I'Mll .May, IVli 'ji! IVJl .i.tii I.'mIi I nee l')tlj O.-i. l.-,;!i F-' s N'( NV -ill p SllACKM AXON, ( iipi. W. II V. e.M. ( F. U. l.VJi Shij) M.M^V V\ FAS ANTS, (July 1 dli C.ipi. U . II . lV'>;an, I'llH niannn- IS so coinlniif-d. tliat th" Aiiitnonia ruid < th»!r I'rr tili/ii.iT i;a8» .s ar»* al'S4 rtu-d. |!,\« d. and ar«* f ivt n ont to Vfm"- jiii.c \<\ tatioii (,ii!\ as II r»M|niM's iIumii .\.> r»'. i. ;' t<- .v. W' riii. Ily of ( ),.j I , J otluT ii>K« rt > <"»•' I't lli«i8 inannr'-d in a day l>j ono in in. I , ""' 1 , It nri\ li.- ll.Sfti Willi tilt- <:r>'atrst ad Vlati^'i- "n I , fii, I nt ito. n. JM e. 1 t r July 1 dh ^ N ov ).')! Ii ( \! air III.') I) * ^^"l ' ' 'A I, .It Tol acco. (J.irdrn V. s;«tali!is. H\»-. <'at?. lirr.n llMise A{iri. 1 -t I'lants. i l"W«rs \'iu«» Wail Frtut. A •• .and in- r«- tlian a ttn-nsand Si I't. is' rri III icatt 8 ifoin li'r most rrlt lTat< d I .ariinr.'? ai.d ( iardrnrfs. j*an Jill 1 s( ' \)e Htiown, all ti st !f\ ini: in tlif tiiu'tifst t rm!" to its ^rral valu-- as '.\ M n v I'-t I' rli'i/«r. A pampirft lontiiiiu ij tl • «•• r-. rtil icau s cin l'»* ha ok,.x onk tknt 1 ,,,,'• , ,v I'Ki! roiM). It IS pnt lip in b!)!s jivtrritini; 'J-Jo l.s.. « r la taiki, al-^. Mini ••oinm oi'.led by expcruMiml i.jiv uate.is I'lio re- ir,.|ii lene. to i die li.s ' U-r-l Iris bi (11 pud to solr.-t mh» ieF tor .• |M'r(l wiiji rf nPow»d a liiK-ral coin- adv' r:'vc.i, takui^ advaiiuijj;*.- id llio .-|r;,m \ow bouls on mission Address hi:\Tl< AM). thr D.l.w.P'. , Ang.I,l-..I. No -te.lV.k -:■,.. \.wVo,k. F' :soi.>; w i.xliiiiij to ('nL'nldaiM (•( r'ili«-ati«., wt.ii h vs ill lie g. liJ It r twelve laoelis. ' \(i!. Ni. V rus.s.iiTf lo l.ivi rpot)! iii the caSiii, i-'-O . . , » / ,• • i ? » •jO ^''>' f'"' jiff t «■':'( sf auil sii/c i.f i!,>p,(':"ii (.n"l it Ij Aiiiii"!''-. Joo 1 1 Foi wa «l ea'oiii, Su frai^e, r^s.-iaiie from Livi rp 'ol in the ca' in, h'oiwirii eal'in, Su t ra^jo, it [OO (•'! « n K Cattli- of ai! tin* dilbT'-i.t Ipricdi. sht'e'p. swiin*. ponlfry. '2.') r^ A «•.. pnrrhafifd to nrdrr. and cari lii'ly sni)>pi-d to an) part of •Jo ''"* 1 I'll"''' Stat»'8, fiT wlii< h a iiio.ii r it«- <■• tninisiOfin u ill l« TI.os. w}owi-h to remit teou. y,"; an be aeeomrre.!:iM(l ^IV'^J?-'- TluMolN.w.ne nt^ u.AV..iti,. list and ^ -..;.i 1 , , ... , I •'^ . I I . TiiOfoiich t.rfd Ml. rt llofiiB and dratir tattle. >^i'ii (lr,il!s tor XI St. rh ,L' aod ..puard-.at s.obi, wi;};oiit , ,,„ ^,,, Aldmny do do UuscoiiH. A-pjily to GLlJ. Aleili'lN li Y «.V ro. | ,|o do Avrsliirc do do Jinu- 1. is.)!. 37 Walnut .•^!.'-« <'f, li. IU i>r. -von8 do d ) do do S-iinli |)own Sin '"p. do do Oxfordsliire do do do Lf'icfSttT do I Swnn- and I'.iiiltrv of diir»T»-nt l>ricd^ .\" I. tr rs popf paid ^-'d NUFISERYMAN Vf «>t!i IMti'a. \ \I^ li • a\s (Ml band at hiH ^ »-,! ^ on^ 97, C';e«noi ^-^ i.,i""«. ■• •' Stri'it, riiiladrlphin, a hucfi otock of Sffds of h\A own iji'u ;h. a V. r\f i/niiortrtnt it' tn ty purrnasfr\,nn In' is a pra, Market Street, Phiiatlclphia. (.1 \>. i» A.> 1* 1 i asti:k. 1 IIK snl)Sfril)i ra olFi-r for lalf at the lowest niarkit rates, I JiMi I Tons I'ry rataconia (Juano, :,(ti) •• ove ir niisnrpas."' d, and em tip rerorr.Trrnd- ed with eonlidrncf t» farnuTS and i t.n-r.s m want < f the uruci^f A liL)eral dcdu'li >n nnule to Conntr\ .M"rr Japan Cedar, llima a) an Spruce, etc , tkf-. Hoses, |'e(Miies, a large and complete collection, including tlie finest varielu s. Phloxes A collection of upwards of sixty varieties, including thirty new varieiu's ini|)oiteil ia.'-t spring. Dahlias. I'pwards of itid selc-t varieties, including the finest Kni'lish prize tlowcrs of l.s|9;,nd IHjO, Tile following Catalo^incK, i;i\iiig full inA rmation as rec^ards terms, priei.s, \.r . will be sent f;ratis to all who apply by pobt paid letters or at the olVice. Ist. a rjeneral Descriptive Catalogue. 2il, a Wholesale C'alalogne :M, a Catalogu<* of Select Cireen House Plants. 4th, a Special Catalogue of Dahlias and Hctldnig Plants. forlHil. i:LLWA.\(iKK \ IJARKV, Mount Hope and Garden tV Nurseries. Sept. 1851. Koch ester, N. Y. T li K .modi: I. A IK II I TKOT, A f{r){rs of ort'i/iual (i'.si'/u.'i /'(»• Co/ldj/rs, \ illtt.f, Sii- biulxtn Ikcs-it/oicrs, (\iuniru ( '/iinr/ir.s, Sr/mol- iftiuses', <(v'., ((v., />// S>iniinl Sloun, Arr'l, The above Wi>rk is designed to inei't the wishes ii' I < ii'v ni' those directly interested in building, but of all those who desire the ad- vancement of this noble art in our country, and wisli to cultivate th«ir taste and a<-'piaint nice with arciutecfnri'. The handsome iiMxnner in which it is prepared and embellished, renders it a tiisle- \\\^ orii niient fur tiie drawiiiji room, while its accurate delineatti'iis g«ve It tlie highest practical value. Tlie projector will tiiid in it ev ry variety of style and design, accompanied, as mentioned below, by all miiiutia in ccs.sary to con- Htruelioii. Ity its aid he may buiid without danger ' I ni ikmgthose ludicrous and expensive mist tkes which 8(» often occur The operative artisan of every grade will hnd the work of ines- liniable value. It is a complete l)ook of reference, and a 1 plates nre drawn to a scale with llie utmost accuracy, so that he has only to study them with his riiie aid compass. Tlie work, in two volumes of twelve iininbers ea<'li. ti be issued inr nthly. until complete. I\acii nunil)er contains fMiir Lithograph Kugravimrs of original (b'signs. var\ ing in cost of erection (roin lt-<(M) to SN,( the designs, giving extended accounts of tiie varnnig styles adopted, essavs on wirmiin:, ventilation, «Vc., .\e., elaborate ape- cihcaMons. estimates, tables, and in short every thing firsiralde, either for eonstrnction or for general information, in beautiful t\pe; the whole l)ein!r executed on the- verv finest paper, m lunfactured rxpresslv for the work. Prick 50 (^F.NTS A Nr.MHi;il Address, po.st-paid, K S JONL.S fc Co , l>nblishers, S. W. cor. -Itl) and Hace sts . Pl.ila 1':. Persons forwarding a list of five 8ub8crit)er8 accompanied with tlie cssh. shall receive a sixth copy gratis. sept-Iy FTNK STRAW?,K1UIY PLANTS. 9tmwb«Try Plants of several varieties and fine quality can be k«d bv the hundred or thousand at the low price of $1 per hundred, by addressiitf with amount enclosed, JAMBS ()'C<^)NN«il, Safe Harbor, Lancaster eo., Pa AirorcUrs will receive prompt attcatton. (*cpt iB51. AAAiA IK AJ. L.VH()KAT()i{V, YiUe Co/l('(/(\ New Haven, (oiuirrfiruf, JOHN P. NoKTON, Profks.sok ok Jiscikmific AGKicrLxcHi This Laboratory is now fully (.ri,'ani.sed for inslruclion n. mi branches ol analyses <'onnectcd with ti.e cxaimiiatiM,, ,„- ^,,,7, manures, minerals, aslns, uniinai and vegetaijie snbslai.c, s Vc Full c(.ur.s.s are given 111 eacl. t)f these departments, in d a.8o"iii general Chemistry, both organic and inor^'amc. Students can thus hi theiri.seives to iHCoine instruct ts mi tha various branches of ChemiMry. (-r to apply so much of tint .md kindred sciences as may be iiecc:,aarv to llie practical purMiii ni agncu ture or maniilactnring. 'Jhe demand lor teachers aial afo t.-ssors 111 the vari.ms [.ranches of cheml^try, e.pccialh ngricuitu ral, IS now t^'reat and incrcasnig. so that tins is a lair held lor itii«. who li.ive ii taste Inr sucli jmrjMiits. A eo'iise of LectnresonSeientlfic Agriculture, by Prcar. aad eoniiiuiet^ f,,r tv\..uinl a hall months. Phis eoiirsi- is desiuned especially mr the pi:,ctlcal laimer, and has given great s ilisi .clion to thobe'who have attei,,!- »!.s,.ciat mg with others who are also desirous of obtainintr a better knnwled<;e ..f tlicir jifofei- sion than in years away !rom smdi advantae.s The young larmrr learns to think fur himself, to see that a pra< ticc is int lu-cf hwirily ri'j:!it because It IS old, r,, understand Ih,- reas.Mis f.r aM that h« does, and with tins incrensc of knowledge is belter aide to make farming prohtable as Well as iiitcrtsting. Ili.ard and lodging may be |ir<'ciired at from !ir"2 to Si per Wetk. and tlie 'Picket for the Leetuies isSIO. In connection w.th the Lei tnres is a short Laboratory course, ^y means of whicli those who dc^in- it, arc taught to test s. il.<, inaii- nres, mar's. &c . in a simple way. and to make inanv elenniitarv examinati'.iis (d' a hinhly useful character. The charge f, r this CiUMse is ?'Ja. To those stcdents who go throngli the lull Laborat' rv rniirB' the charye isalio-.t .«v»()(l p. r aiinnm. and tiny can be admitted si any p« rn>d at ihr year at a proportional cliarge. For furtlier information applj to Pmf. John p Norton. New- Haven, Conn. ' (sei'l 41 TIIK M.\(i\i:il( I If.'IITNlXG HOI). 'nii).->^ \iLMrrA<,i-. s pai'l.np .m stixi: ric r.fr.iirMNn I^OD. — Tlie p tentee takes |ileasnrt in ininimiMir Ins frn iiis ;umI the public 111 gei.eral, that after inaiiv \ears"clos.- iiive.st;j;;itnm and niiiuerous experiments, he has linalU an ived at the line priu- ciple of maiinfaclnr.ng and putting U|i Liyhtnii g K ds and i'.iiilB. and IS in.w ready to serve his ti lends* and tin- pun le in gem ral. at tiie shortejitiK. lice, at his manufaetof y, \'IM; street, alx-ve I'ith, Piiiladelpiiia. soutli side, where all pers- m.x arc r« s|a-ci|nlly nivited to call and ex imme for tlieinsdvt s. this being the oni\ place where they can be pnrciiased 'PIiik rod lias been cxanriiKl by tin' iii»»«l scieiifiHc gt-nt:cinea n^w living, who lia\ e proinnuct d it to be tlw* only sate Kod tli.it lias been put up or Seen. N. \i — Patent Hisilits are iKUv offered lor States, ('ontities rrned by callinp at the Faetorv, Viae street above Tw«liih, south side, i'hiladclphla Sf-pt L-N.l THOMAS AHMITAGK. nviTAGE FlTlJMTrrK. W .MiWirK A- Co., are constnntlv maniifacfiiring new and ap- proi'fiaie designs of ciiiimelled, painted and ta.tlage Furniture, c«' warranted materialsnnd workmanslnp Suits of Chamber Furtu- tiite cnnsistniii of IMJ I SSI \ ( i H T i; | ', \ L L.l Ii^TI'M) W \S!1- .SPAND TOILFP TAKI i: .o,,! 1 (Jllj ( \M; SL \T CIIAIKJ' as tow as liivUJ per suit, and npvsardto $lt)0, gotten up in the iiK)f» supcrli style. Those who are about furnishing hotels, cottaires, or eity, rW- dences, should call and see thisslvieof furniture, which for rheiip- ness. dnrabilitx and elegance is far preferable to the old heaty kinds of mah(igany, A c. Orders from all paits of the conntrr promptiv attended to and carefullv packrd W A RW K^K A' CO.. Wi'rer .oiiiH \nst5U>tly on hand a larfe and well selected asw^rtmriit irf" Gwden^ Fifld Gras$and tiatdtm Sf/wlt, Fruit Trtti-y Gntf ^ *>'" nortieultnral Impiementa in great variety. Cataloguwa ftirwarUed on poat paid application. (acp.-* l^'l-l A!»VFnTTSEMK\TS. no.* up.^*^ K j 4 4 u«\\ KoliKHT'^ iV\ 1 !.\ I' I M 1 i 1> * '■ ■ (;K.\i.\ AM' M.i:i' I \ N. T() 1N\ ENTOKS AND I'A i K.\ ri.L>. T n 1,^ II 1 (• 11 W A SAWN i: !• t: 1> T II E FIllST niL.MUM >t the Pennsylvania AcricuHural Fa;r, after a trial the fairness of ited J. Di;.\.MS, Jr , I'ruelual Mucliinii't, .M.omuu tur« r, and STATES Draiigi.lbin.iU, liavli.g liaU twenty > eara e.\pt i u n«. e in l-uoUiitg und opeialiMg maeiiour> |«.r uiaiiuiuelui n.g loll n.M.h. N\«ai., Mcam l-.ng.ties, I'riuling c aiU ai, »Vc , VVilU ^L V' fai ^ • .o ^ t,\p«.ri- e.cc in piueuiin- puUiilb, undura liibbeivuift i- i;.\tnl. lalo UluKc tXaminali. lib oi Hit ir In Vtiilloiib liiin a l..np.n hhiKii (.f drawing ami limiUtl Utbciiplioii, (wlucli ln.i> e loi w ..n.eii by inali.) and ioni,.arc tilt Ul v\ illi Inc lnVL^^ll».l.^ Ml lat 1 .ili nl 1 Uhc* uiid -/lu. h ••'•uld not he (lisptileu Phese fans, the inventor eonhileiit- l-,b.s.iis aretliet.iily ones n..w in use eiitiiely adcpiale to the ^a'nt.of the farmer. Tlu'ol.ject of the inventor was not Uirecied ^^^ uuoul iwt.-mu.b ot lac paU i.U appotai lo. art g.ai.l. o._ ,„..,to the purpose ot ceaniin. grain, bnt o Hea miig mi j,,^ ^./ .„..,.„, ,..^»,. „,,,...,,„,«..,. uu.noug an- op. .aling V,ngalthea.ai.ie time the lariUcr the tr..ube ot ga herin..' t „..,,..„. 1^, ,. ^„^i,^,, „„„ t. um.c iblanU un invenlua. I lo... a lougu Nh tfainiiie H. . or, llins not only avoiding labor. I)nt keeping the ^lUii ironi tae diit on the Ib'or. In addition t.> this, these Fans, poss.ss gre.it r advant i«e8 than those construeteil upon the old plan — These advantages are as follows: Kir.»t Tin- arr.ingemeiit i» smdi that a .-j^k -'i iKe run be oli- liimd bv turning slowly, tn.is s. .. nrn- v. inn desired, a leas tpiaii- tlty of for hinail .^eeds. S-oiid When neeess.ary a s ovv .Ml ike ■••an be se.nr. .1 '> r^pat turaim,' This is of imim. -use advantage, as ll adapts the Ian. to tlie eleannn: »>f aM kinds of seeds. Tund. .\new metliod of adjusting the riddles ami screws. This fives tlie operator llie ailvant.isie ot placing them in any position be« adapted to accomplisii tile pur|>ose8 ol a grain Fan Kvtry riiMIe and screen has a sep.trate adjnstmeii". so that each one ( an be lixed at any angle without ihe necessity (d taking them out Fourth, The t'rain, instead of failing on tlie tloor, as is usually the (• ISC, IS diseliais;ed, by means of a small trough, into the half bushel, or oilier measure that may l)e placed under it liy tliis ar- rii'neuieiit tin* f>raiii is all measured, by the time it is cleaned, ihiH s I vols' not only lal>or. but time, and ronscqiicntly expense, as well as kee'ptni: the i;rain from contact witti the dnsl and win re. »vi!ii as little trouble as the common fans can be used in a liarii ll »or Fii'ta. The simplicity of llieir constructions renders them less liable to get out of repair than other mills. For the ahoV'J reasons, we confidently reeoinmeml our FaiM to p'llibc ptironasifj. Privileges to minuiacture will be granted on faviinble terms Satisfactory information can be prompt y had uv aildiessiug jiof't paitt, the subscriber at N«»rr'stown. Moniiroiue- r> CO . Pa. JKSSi: KOHEK IS Norriht own, December, L 13,>1 9tf. yive un <»|(innai, wUellicl llie invei M.i; Ui. — m:\v I! \i;i>Y (M.iMi'.r.iJ. ( A'.\ Si'i;<.l \ IM LLSLi \S. This new and beautifal (diml)! r, recently intnxlm'ed from China hy .Mr. Fortune, proves perfectly hardy in New Kngiand. having stood in the uroiinds iiere two winters without prot. (11011 Tr. lin- ed loH sing e pillar, say^teii leet in lici^hl, it is v»ry striking and h«autifui ol)ject from June till cod weather during which lime it IS covered with m |>rofnsion of its large doulile (lowers of a delicale r >8e co'or It IS v« r> oniamental planted in patches like Verbe- nas; makes an admirable screen; and is V" ry etfeitive in \(aiiig p'aiitatiouH. bells or shrubbericH. tr.oontf prettily on the surface, ^1x1 r'nnimg amonsr the lower It niches ol liie trees in a very ple- tiiresipie ni. inner llsenllur' is ver\ simple, an. I it w 1 ! thrive in '"Oiniioii garden soil. If retpiireil in consid« r.ibU' (jn.nilitiea the tu!a-rs iria\ be divided into single eyes, planting each in a foui hk h I'vd ..f good light comp<»at. in Feliru iry, under glass, <'r in hot betis ni the sprini; ; or lar<;er pieces eont nniuLT several e\e8 may be Halted III the o|-.cn ground in.Ma> PI. ^lll^ SJ p^"" "'"''•'■" Tnbers lor IliO plants S:{ whi(diini\ be h. iit l.y mall or express to ortler Also, every description -t' I'rnit ;oid Ornann-ntai THKF.Saiid >>ilKI PS,, Str.iwberrie«. Do'iIkin. Iloses. Verla-nas, Farchias, «." o.ix 01 WHICH tlic iiiveiillon uiturb iroin llu.be alle.mv pulei.lril. Willi ll»« grcilt hi l.ici.ily . e ulS>' piipuit b ur.tU n.^s <-i i eiiital.. i.s, ea ve- als and us-mnmeiits. or proc ui es cpies lioin, tr alt. ii<:» to any businrbs ct iiiitelcil \\ illi llie 1 alt nl Oliiec. Loio.bci.. r^ in I'-.tcnl c.sts can liave an opinion l>y bUillng lUe pmnlb in li.eii ea»« . uiid aiguimnU prepared vMlli Ine propi r aulitoi iln b ciu n. to hu.^laiii Ine s.inie, Willi UeSpoSiUona il ntcihbal). l«t VN n. a.^oalUl.^l as l.;oun.<»cooi or Ailvoeale In Putt nl eaubts in aii> i oi.rl. .\..liec lt» -'.14 7 invei.lorb win. be appmaiio.,s u < re rtj«tled in IM'J and '-H, tlnil lie wid t x.inine llieir e.ibib loi f.. lo .l.^cl ilatu if llic relermees w ill prt vent ol.laining a palt lit. il a i.ro,,i 1 « aiiiu lb piescnteil, and inlvibc Ine aiipiicanl Wlo Un r he bin l-tbl U iVU- dra w ol amend his papers, ami gel a recoiibiut lalioii. or .1; / t'O. i.r J lic u hiii in t-nuity. .AS lit IS ttic oni> all'inis in m » eil), ( \N ashlii^loii, D. C,» WHO lias sueeeetleO in trKr>>.ni'^ Inc I i Hi- iiiihsn ner b iitil>ivn liy an nyptiii lo ttie Cliiel Jn>ine. LC' Odiee near llie Pateni Ulllee, V\ abliingl n. I> ^ l.i tiers. Sketches, and DravMiigb, sciit b> mall, (poblagc paid) eonl.iiiul»g lee, will be pi 01 u pi ) alteini' 'I I' • i"ia ir tv oiv\ \.Mi \! \r tki.es t'c siikih- liLK\ . Tlie subscribers ofi'er u>r bale at Uie NurKrr\ .-iiid Garden a arifa ami line absodiin nl ol i lut ami Orn.fnnilot T >r> >,i ttU' i*,, eiiihi.ieing man) new un.l valuulac vaiitlobi.i t.nh «le,...ri meni, Which lilt > lan supply in l.ir»;e or sinaii tiuanliin s, viz .— .V) pies, Pears, i'eaenes, I'lUn.b CneriltS. .\prieoiM, .\. ( t.trint », Fl^s. Fl»- t.erls, I'reiich and >iHinl»li Clubiiulb, Kn»>nali .mu oliu r (j. • »t bcT- ritb, Cuir.tnlb. Kabpnerries .i.ul r*lra Wl.< l rn s 01 \arol\, l.n.;:i»f\ . Wamuih. (.iuiiaes, Asp.ira^ns r.N.ls. U«ai;e Oiange |or heO^ing, I Cranlierries, &c., ul«4» Fveimeen and Dccuiuons I lees A. SiiruLs, i4 native and loreign giowiii. m.mv o| iiiein oi rrci nl n.lroou M ion I iroin uhroa.l, bucii .18 iJeoUal eeilais, Cedar ol LeOanoii, .New J. pan 1 Uctlai, liimaia>an >pr'Jee, Cliili Pme, New Jumpeib, bcvcia. va- rn lleb ol ^ ew. Ac . &e hone)8Uci»le V iiiei* and « laer ereepifs, Dv\all I'tarsou t^uinee, tU Unc bize ami tpnuiiy, lor imm. Ial« Pearing. Cherries on .NLilialeb, also Hnriiy trifttuul /vio'.*. a urge abSoii . ent j inrO.na.s, liittUt(i>, l'nl>>xt^, tin yxint'iftnntn.^. liui- boiis roots, asb. rleil, 'I ulifs, Ht^'innth.'', doub.c and binnie (imiJ'« Vitir", box ll.lging anil dreen House Plants 'Plees and I'lanta dellv. rd iii Phinnlclph la, care ul'y packed free ol charge, and ilespalelied llience b) piiniic eouvev ince to any partol llie I lllou OrOers b> mall eareluoN ntleiaUd to; »ata- lognes lurnishul gratis, or inav be obtained ol .\ .M . >| aiig.t r. | ub- lioinr ot Farm Joiunaj. m Luncasler. who will re.-t iv<- onh ih .At onr .\urieultura. and llorticultural \\ art lioiise. we can a!»» *uppl\ all kiiid.-^ ot improved Ajj' Knitaral :tiid iloitan tnrai in plr- iiients, .ilso Fieid. fjaiden ami Flower mm h and g« nnine — Country Morekeepers supplied at reduced priet S wth beei.s. neutlj , out nil 111 papers ut r. i.o .-1 . >■ lA^ilJ \1.L .MOIIPIS. A to. \\ efct Cm bUr. I'll. >fi ll .iml .\^ t u 111 Uii ai \\aMliwii>c. No. 29. Mu, kit Siieet, rhiid. ir n Lltl'. the subscriber has ooened an extensive assortment of '' uKA.H.-i a.M) gakukn sKKi)s,of liis owii raisiiig^oT rccei.l iinjfOr- tatioii,aiid warranted to be as represented. He 18, also, muiiufaeturing all the most approved Agricuitural Implements, among wliirh he would call ihe nttenlion oi I ,irm«»8 to a new article (d i'low, ot his own invention, tailed CastMeel, Kxlending F.iint, Self Sharpening, Surface ami Siihmil }'. w* which |or durabilily and easy of oralt is yet umiiuaiied. The grt at aHvanlages lilt se Tiows p< f-segs oyer aii other." .if« A.\l> oil.N.X.MIATAL Tlti:i:.^ iuU s.\Li; At the Fair-View Nurseries .\l,)oreRt-wn, Burlington Co., N. J. — oD.dOO Apple I'rees. from 8 l<» 10 and V2 feet high, embracing tneir peculiar construttion and the substituliouoi C.ist-Meel mihe •^>'»ui LMl Select Varieties, ripening in sucress! .u ir-.m the earliest pluee of Cast-iron, which only waats to be s«en fi« be apprecialtsl ; t" the lateM. Also, a large ipiantity ot iVach. Cherrs , Pear, Plum, 1 Aprieoi. Nectarine, Almonds. Quince, (irape Vines, etc. Tli« ' h"\ 1 **' * '''^'' P'"'"<"'P=''ly •"■'■" worked troni standani trees. Which leaves i)'ii little r(H>tn to doubt as to the correctness of tlw ••ruit. which hasmken the pr. (noon il 1(0 Peniis>ivania Horticul- tural NMNety and <.thers for the Inst t-n ve.ars. SO.IKIO Decniuous and Kvergreen Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, i*4l of wSieli will oe •^)ld «>u iLe m«»t r»a*.naLi»» i;rK'i s by May, IKil. C H ROKF.Rft. SiKAW liKKKY I'J.AMS. 'UK subscriber oners for s;iie 4(iOO young snd thrilty StTawhw prices Tins am) the following month beinn tteh as . uijar and Silver Ma|>leB, AmericHii and Kuropean Moun- j the propwc lime to lunn new beds to bear frnii the tt>llowing yMia ^«" Ash, Lindeiig, Horse-ChesnuU, American I-irch, of a large J.F ULlMTyFI '1 JJie, suitable for rond and street planting ; Halm (Jileads, Norway r-UTs Xriv.rv.t.R, Pines of different varieties, Junipers, Fnplish 1.! V"]- *'^" ^**''"" •»<■ l-cbanon, Double and .ViiiRle Spucia, ■u1l.1i) e for Cemeteries. Uwns and Private Vards ; Borders, etc. A in,eral Dis,-.,u„t will be alU.wed to persons wno buy to sell ■J*j" Descriptive Cataloguea furnished eiafis t.- post-paid appU- ^'" JOHN PKRKINS, Proprielor. Aug. 1, 186L N o. Ih Fuf>t KilgM .NiiU Side, Uiu GITANO PKRFVLAN and Patagonia Guano for sale in lots to suit ptn^ chasers, by J. CASSFDV k SdN Nu. lil, Sooth WHtcr it., a few doori at>orc Dock st , Pbikk. yvciVoj M .24 ADVT^RTISEMENTS. [.TXNUARY, lMUVALLi:i> LMi'linVi:!) IKKKAWAY Th'.R ci'lchritfd FAN li;.s Immu tiior.iuj^ii y tt-st^d and foiiml to CXr..t!i.i. r.msuth ill ;i il.il- h\v s:i.)i-— tlu^ i:ii«>cr shoe— A as roiiiiH"nl> atlac-hinl to wiuiii.wi.ijr inu.'liiiM-s, iiiivmu'^irroov* > ini.i Wiiicii i.lic M;refiis, sK-v. s or suvi- ho.oil.s ;;rc s;iil -ii.tt rtht . ,, - Ji. III.- .iirv.-il i.pr 11 upon whirli tli«: i^nuii lalls wltcr passinj; throiiyli a l:o,i|MT ab-tv;-. C. ' riu! 'I. .or whK-li IS ma-l.- to i-xt'-ml arr-.ss Wv ciuv.mI :i|.r. n n an I o|.t-iilii'4 i>ack on hiii'M s lowiirtB tlit- UiHit rii-l ol slio.- A, rtfVl.s il.it n|)-ii Iho ironi parlor u.c apfoii |{. Tli.- ginii ;.a.vs. 8 aloniAlii.- rur\'.-l ;ii»ron i; ..n.l liiron-h ihc up. niir.- ol inc ilo..r L" uiiiifiiis upon the s.-r.M-n I) .in-i.-rntMlli. Tin; iipr..n is carru'd oVL-i t!if sciifii I) on t ) ihf a«-ri- '11 muliTn.-afh. win si Hi' «« ni-n- iiiijs p,i>s i.',ron-it liM- s.T.oii D mlo l-it- siio.- (i U(.d. rm-;Hii. :iii>l are CMirn d aloim lac h..|i..i,. oi lli.- shoe «i lo ili.- (■.iiin , wlu-r.-a s,.out 11 MiTiv.s no- si r.-. nnii-saiPl i- .rrit-s Ih.iii down l..h!ii.l into a Dox l)r,o«.v 111. I..>ll...in have nsfd— ami v.ry n;aii\ <.l the Im-.-I Aui u ninrists have Uiven tit. ir cerlirieat,. s thai tlie laet ..I t li.-s. nr.elilioN m-- ...ii- inU t!i.-;i-ahi I ai.e hy .aie an.l III'- same ..pe'atioii is lli.v' rl.itl> H. an any . Unrs ..,.w in use. This im-ir.v.Miient. is Ko valnal.le ;;s !.> Iiave indiietil llic inventors ati.l nian'n'act li' rs t.. liialve a;.pM.-..l ion IT L<-tl. is fat. nt. Al. OI.:. lb inr the mael.lo s wHl I"- iT-mplU aUei..l. .1 i- le. t!i<' Uilii rsi^rae.l J Ml > \ I' 'O.M IlK V A IJiJ^IIIlilL :iepl 1-.I. ' ' ' '1 '1'' ' • '',/ f Jul t: C •o i 0\>Vi.l' ' '^^:ii- I I 'I 'ir^t/l^^^ii'iiH'M' NV i.aneiibU-r i it) , Pa. Tl!!' FKI. lT-(;KO\Vi:!rS 11 VN!;-i$()()!v. Ki icon rai; I'd l»y tiie v-ry waiai <-iiiiini.-iid it i tn.s oI I Ins w.-rk. re- CeiVd altM' ir 'ai espi rien.-i.it ll..lM< nllni isis aa.! ir nn tin- wli..|l\ in.'xp. f n-nee'l. Ilie a'ltli.r veiilnr»-s w illi s.aiu' eonlid :i;-.- to sid>- nut It to Hie pn'nlie al iario'. iX.l.'.s oi :iil tlie iniU'Ttiiit i|H.-Htions i>ii rriiil i-nltur.- as'., d ol" tlie "writ. T dai on; llu- last ten yeais with atiinoii'^li irseir.-h oT o- m >lo:V'f il wrKS. liave eoiitriimlftl to remter tins vi.liinn as eoiii- plete as p issihu'. in e.nivenieiif eoinpass. 'IV) the lot holder who wislii-s to iiiaKe the m>st of a lew pl:iiits and little ro.. Ill, as well :is t,.< tin- ext.nsiv plant' r who U'lsl.t-s to arr in -e aai cut i v .te his i^ar lens in the nii>st feoiionin-al and pro- fit ililT- in mii'-r the Mhii.I |]".ik will be I'ound .i iisetul c.tiii|i,inion f.>r fri-ipniit nTeienec L\?' . rie.r. K11-' TV C KN PS. Two copies, post Ire.', i- r 9^\ . Address, \VM (i W AKI\(;. sent, l^^ol. JJoiilBlnirg. Centre ( o., I'a. i)(M r,i/.:-A(TiN<;. ui-r am> roiJcK pimps The sn!>siril>.'r mn'Mifaetnics Double-aeling Lift ami l-"<.ree PiiiMDS. "f ad si/A'S, lor ."act'ories, Mnea, Hailwav Water ^'latioiis, Breweri.'S, S^teaiiiboats, 8teaiiisl.ii 8. Tan \NorlvR, t^hips. Water H.-ats, Hot IJiini'ls. FaniiK rurpoges. Ae. ViM.xnK AM) FACroUV kirk rA(U\K?:. Gnrdf'M t-',iiri •«••»• ('"*tt'r'» I'nnipa. W.dl I'lnnps. ("■ r anv depth re- quire,I. Il.ms ('i>iipliiitrs. Copper Flivelted Hose of ul| sizes Orna- ment il net 'nst-ir.tii Konntaiiis. Ac. TurrhaK-ra ar. r.-Rpectlnlly invited t.» eall. Any couiUiUmcalioiis l»v mail will have iiiiinediat« nttention. U. 13. FAUNAM,3» Clilf st , near Fulton, N. Y. r.KNNA. I'.VTINT .V(ii;.\(V Oil KF. ^ Inv -nfoiH and .. h.-is. Iiaviiii; husiin ss to frans-o't .'it the I'liit' ' States I'.it. -Ill .tiie,-, !ir»- lier« li\ nil. 1111.(1, that till- Hint. rsii.'iii will ; tr.'iid proinptiv t ' all hnsm.ss e.aine't.-d with s.ii'l .'lli.-''. )""! will e,.iaplel.- r< rsp. ctivand S.-eti.,n:il Draw ii!i:s. iRti all ffiiiu- site p-i,,ers. Cav. aLs >,'ee(|i(' . It. ns, I )isela liners. .APMUini.. I'i^ ^'' .-ind in ik.- tne pr, p« r applieati,,iis li.r tlie Sceuriiig ol l.clkis 1.* tejit, aetordiiii,' t'* law Ai M'lilMSTS AM) IWF.NTOHS wil! save time tronl. f and expeiis.-, by fii.>t coiismt liicr him. n the stii.-i, St sf.-r.sy will he <»hservcd, relative to their iiivciili^' » and elaims 'riie.iihe i.-< ,-it pr.-sei.f loeal- d in Centre S-pin re. two d.»er!= S'^u:"! of the l.aiie;,st. r Hank wlnre thf list of patents gralit.'.l siiiOf t.;' y«ar !T<»n to tlo' | r.>. nl tlav eaii heexamin.d. t gelh. r witli n'!- in.r i.s Kpeeitieati.ins di i wimrs aii't mod. !p, and evrrv inf' rn,:'t!< n • >lifaiin'.l re ativ t.. llie h.\v8 and niirg of tlie V S Patent ■ (ii'a* _ .Ml tin- re()irsite p.-ip. rs .iia wuaj.q and ni.,(UIs will la- [ rnr pl'r and carefull) forwar.l.-d t-. Wasi in<;toii eitv. free of eliar?.- t'V J FRANKLIN HFKJ \Rr, Laiuaster. V T\ l.itr It: III aitrr Wv lloisis, Ar. 'I'lll'. Anirrie.-iii lave ?r..ek IiimiraiK e C. .mpanv (Stoelvhold-r' '"" • divi.liia.ly l.iiM.') f..r the In-nrioiee v( Jlrrsf.s. Mult". F"i* Fnlfs,Slir"^lt.(''iittl . A-r.a'.'.-i nst Fir«', Water. Aeeidents :iimI 1^'^; e IS.'. Also, upon Stiiik: driven t) F... stern markets, or lraiisp"il*''' Sou til. .ToffV ri FinrK fleneral Ajjeiit f<>r Pennsx Ivani i, Philadelpliiu. HKKHIKNCES : Wood. \l)l.. It At Co., ) Truitt. nr.'ilH r^ Co . [• Philadelj hia. C(>at«-s «V Hr.'Wn, > JOnX ZIM^TFRM W. I am aster Pa. CD \KI,I".V F. FHICK. Readin?. Pa. fcAMl-Kli EI. T \VI OK. M.neh Chunk, Pa. Dr JoH.N (i. yrovKRN. VVt.r.narv .*?urp'*oa. May, 18.')1.) F-xaminer f..r Laiieaglcr Conutf ■» !' C^-^-^ WS^ 'P p: ■^'. ^^(' ^t^ M' \ ^.#"^ ■,^^'~::t;.v^^ \ !.'!.. I. l.\.\(\STi;i{, I'A., PEHIMAin', jv-,), .\<». II 11! 1: I'A 1; .M .1 0 L J:N a !.. <. ^. II \T l)I/\| \\, laliior. •'•v: arol :t. it wn„M },. rHMjuonM l.v m:iny>tM,! n- wlu, wi.sh to hav.^ a nioro }.rartioai oauoiitiiHi ihui. ti'"v r:>n p-t HI ••xrlusivolylitcrarvinstitutiun.stlios* w.Mil i 1.0 compellod to m.KlICv nr oxtoml tl.oir .".nr«. of instruction. The result wmiM ]>c a riso i,, :].^ gonoral stan.lani ..f t .lueation, so that a;:rlcultural colli-oe wouKl he the linal triumph of our . aueational system. Th.' information dissemlnate.l hv those in«!titutlnrii wouhl Iiave a tendeney to advance the general stand- ard of education, and its inlhi.'nce wuuKl he v. rv bciv c^ficlal, even in the case of those students who would not hocome practical a-riculttirists after completing- their course ; as thf^y would he ahle to disou.^s and explain the various suhjects which are continually -^ J i.. .. I P^^^'*'»^'"n them.^elvcs iu an airricultural community ^..iter decree than the fluctuations of any other in- 1 Then- ar. materials enou-.h within ro.ch to enahU <1ustrial pursuit. It is therefore importao iliai a i. M.f:... :.. . •. , knov.-led^reof its principles sh-ul.i ! ,- iui_^!.' a^ ^x.^ U'matically and as fully us in Law -r .M.-divjlnc. ^N li"'ii tluise who are inter sr.^d .lir.^.-tlv .,r iinlirect- 1/ in tiic culti\a!l..M ..f tli- ^.iU aiv .iiv.,,,-,.,1 t . oivo tlicir soiH a lih,.ral education ii..v 1 av,' i,,. n^.,uiT.- A«;Tiri; 1 1 i.r.i I I aliH-ai j.in. Althoup^h discussions on a;:;ricuhural education have occupied a pM.d deal of space in the rami Jonrnnl, the suhjeet has nut received more attention than it deserves. Our own views are f;Iven to a ccr- taiti exr.Mit in our notice of Mr. Ilussell's j)lan for an .\-rieu!tural Colle^re, on pa.c^c 59, to which we refer mjr realors, as well as to the essays of our correspim- dnnts upon the same subject. A^^rieulture h.-ino; more import nu than all oilier hranchcs of industry combined, its good or bad con- ^ ^ ^.,.., .,, ;;r.. to the _i:r,:ir fiiniiii!- interest, u,- , ai! th- ati.iitoii ir I";:i.>iatMr^ t- tlii- m -' imp, irt.-.nt >iihio,.t. with , , (M I li'' li"t"' t liar ir w but to send them to institutions v.h. re m-ro attention ' ^i^'I*^ jM^riod. a 'M at t:i III I ,-1 I ' ' ."• i p , « >- 1" paid to literature and the studies required by pro f'V'^sional students, than to science ; and as a result, "10 fanner's son soon acquires a distaste for the pur- suits of his f\ither, and fancies le- mny have a p^nius f'r becoming a lawv-r, doctor, ..r r. taller ^f nenliin Ji-"^e. This accounts l^r tie i-inul . r ,,r pn.tessiunal rii'^n and retaileri which swarm in every town of anv Bizo. lHi»j evil would be le.s.sened if a;^ricultural cdle^res Th'? employment of a^^ricultuial leeiurcrs to tra- verse the State, has been proposed: but this would not be sufficiently practical; and it would be very difficult to collect ;iii-l!.>nces am ,iij- u p, pnliu.ii N distributed. \s 1 II e 1 1 1 iH'oessai il\ ili 3Ii( L i.N Kakns.— A vsnter in the Ji'ural AVir Vorfe- er, who has suffered j^reatly by these pests to the farmer, states that he has found that hay-mows hav- «-re established, in which this and collateral branch- [ in- speurnnm in tl ,m. were free from rats and t AVm. B. Wilet, JoS Printt r, Lancaster, Pa- <*«<>f science would be tau;;ht. Pet a-rieulture la jjnderstood as a science, and it takes rank as a pr.^ foss.on, with all the di-nitj which professional pur- ^its acquire, fram the extent to which they give employment to the reasonin^r f^iculties. A colleoje of this kind would be adapted in a great degree to the higher educational wanta of the coun- TOL. I — L tl I'-f \\ 1 1 1 N ■ li'i -. Ill M' sane lain, having none of tlni* herb scattered about, were nearly destroyed by tiotn Other experienced farmers concur in the opinion that spearmint is a complete antidote against their opera tions. This is an easily tried remedy, and our farm- ers, suffering from the same cause, arc recommende« - r% :V^ ra^B! WME M '»iui*»r< ■ ■!' AH-^. (Hammunications. For the Farm Journal. Guano. As tills 8ul)]>ct has n«^t occupied niucli space in the Farm Joiirniil, and indeed Home experiments liave been detailed rather disc()ur;j<;lnji; and unfavoraMeto ita use, it may be well to examine the matter a litth; and a few remarkn are here olfered more with a view to ('licit than to convey infovmuti<-n. The farmers of this State hiue, perhaps, m:ule less use of it than in adjoining; States, probably" more from want of appreciation of its value, than flint the in- crcaj^c of their crops and the value of tlujir kind would not have been promotetl. It is inconceivable that a manure, Avhich has restored and made productive and quadraphnl in vahn; many of the worn out farms in Vir^i^inia, Maryland and Delaware, and iii (ncry oth- er State where it has been tried, a largely increased quantity is annually demanded, should not be very valuable to the farmers of Pennsylvania. In Great i>ritain, the amount imported last year was over 100,- 000 tons, beinj^ a steady increase, excepting in one year, since 1841. In regard to the use of lime, some of our Chester countv farmers when asked as to the best method of applying it, whether fresh from the kiln, or after ir has airain become a carbonate ; whether in spring or fall ; on sod or mellow ground : have replied, that Uie main thing is to get it on. Now this getting it on, does not seem, frcm all accounts, to be all that is necessary with respect to guano, for its active princi- ciplc, volatile salts, may easily '< nio-t ho ()bs.i i;i the appli- Under ^^lull cir.'ims-tiinces <'i' 1 1 ;•' atmosphere, or soiisou of the year, is its cfViciency most promoted? Is there any important diiierencc in the (qualities of guano ? To what crops is it most serviceable, or is it equal jy beneficial to all ? How and in what (luantities should it be applied? These are questions iu wWwh every reader of the Farm Journal is interested, aul it is hoi>ed that th050 who have experimented with it, will l)e willing U> contribute their experience. In the vicinity of West Chester are about the best farnis and farmers in Pennsylvania. AVherc over one hundred bushels of corn has been raised to the acre without manure, fi^rty to iifty of wheat, eighty and ninety of oats, it inight well bo thought guano was not badly needed, find accordingly very little has been used, till the present fall, when we havo supplied from our agricul. Uiral warehouse a considerable quantity of the gen- uluo Peruvian article for the wheat crop, and shall bo able by another season to Bpeak of its eftect as ooinparcd witli bam yard manure for wheat, on good (■' I 1st. As regards the general rules for its aj)plicati(in. It is mostly conceded that it ought to bo plow.vl \^^ immi'diately after sowing and neither left on tin? f-ur- face or merely harrowed in, otherwise the Ii1;:1i1tv,. latllo carbonate of anmionia, the active priin Ipjc good guano is dissipated and in a mrasuru lost.— There have been instani^es where it was sown in th« bottom of a deep furrow, and stirred in aftiTwari' with the sul)soil plow, and tho beni^fit felt f)r scvcru'; croppinga. There is probaljly more dang- r of h being covorr(l too shallow than too do(M». A '.:.*(! plan doubtless is, to prepare it som*' tlni-' \)v\\>n using, liy mixing it with phister, say one part (fpk- ter to three of guano. The sulpiiurlc mi'l of t-t plaster having' a groat<-r affinity forannncmla tiKUifMr lime, unites with it, making a sul]>hatt> (;f aiiiuionia. whi(di is not volatile, and is soluble iu wat r. a;.^- imun'iii msLUiir I' thu.i l)eing produced. Tiiv ii- • 'I plaster with guano, would probably reconcile tlio v;t ii tlicting statements about its durability. In rospect to the season of the yinii" to apj>iy it. : would recommend the fall by all -moans, i'IUkt f r winter or spring crops. i*low it in deep in the fall, so as to be dissolved and incorporated thruuzh tl* soil by the rain and snows of winter, and to 1> ' na':/ for immediate action on the roots of gr .vriiig nmr If that is impossible let it be applied broftd-e:\st i:ii- mt'dlately bofore or at the time of rain. It li;i^ i'^'^'^ ubaerved that the effjct of guano, as of pla.-ttT, ^Tui not so ])erceptiblc iu a very dry season. As to tlie dill'crent kinds of guano in tic* luart- cartiful analysis has settled the questi-jn, that \tr< v> lue consists in its containing chlcjbj amliK»nl:K•lll^al!^ pljosphate of lime, with some animal matter, and t:w proportions (if tiijse determine the qvalilj. Aii aiK»- lysis of Peruvi.i:i. < Gillian and African resulted a.^ lir lows : P(Ti:vi;in Aminnniaral suite, o'' to I!' i^r. c{ Animal iiiMtl'-r. .'> to 7 S.;ll« oi p(.l:mh\ soila, 8 to 1"J Miii,' A: lOMi. of Iniic, 2J to tiS Water, 10l.>13 Chilian 1-J S'T. ct. • > 8 53 22 .•lionilsr, of Mas^aclm.^ett.'*, says, '' it conn's noarer to covered tho st(»nos witli loaves or long straw, and i\\V jui nnivorsal comport, than any otliernuinure known." ed the tremh again with the excavatod groiinil. Tho !: !i:is <>no vi-ry gre;it advtinlngo ov.t barn yard m;i- li'avi'.> or >traw wero so laid as t«' pnvmt tli'» oarth ;.•,!•.< in coniainlng no d"trlm''iit:tl seculs. The ex- ' from lallin;: thr'-iiwh ihf stnnos and fllJinL: uy the (• i iM' (il'lifivy lianl'Mg i< ai^o a gr^aL saving. passag.' f.r ih- v.at.T. In this wav I havi- niadw Tim" huiitlrod p lund-* t«t tiio aor-; is consnha'cil .a loDy^irds of ilrain-^, all rnqi'ving into tho diioh al ■: niappVu-ation f- rordinaryoropptn,:. Siven hundred ! tlio foot kA ih" hill, ;ind by liiis means have »ii'fftual- :. ■•.nils lias b."'n found iuiiiriov:s. I'or.rloh »ultui«-, i ly draini'd niu" main springs. d prop''!" ni 'dium woiiM bo five hundrod j»oun(h. — I'l r ili" b"nelit oi" thos." wlio aro tjlsposod i.i rf/ard biiurv :ia^ ro-ultoil fi- ni its ooming in cor.tact with draining: a'' too. fonnidablo an undrrtakiuL'. i :inn''x g . 'l-, \\ li'Mi aop!;.' 1 t ) tbe hills K)T rov.s. It -hould i b«-lo\v a .»-t:ilt ni-'Ut «'l" expense-^. 1. • fir^t »• -Ncr-id v.Ilh M>il befbro dr"pping thcni. !'. !•> to 'e li'tpr], iho rowiih, of oxp'Tiniiaits with j;iiii!i«'. f'-rdi;!"' rtur cri j)s. under variuus cirrum.-^tancc.^ ! . I)- M',,ii I..' roj>orted for th ' Farm di^urnal. Pas<;]iall -Moiirtis. V,',:-l Clnsf'.r, 1 ^/o/. 10, h-'.-J. African i>." tif.'- pr. »» 5t.. « 9 I'll 30 t'-7 IS to 5iJ LNruvian «ruano commands the highest price id tji market, and is most to be relied on, as is sliowu .. the above. The "p-p?ir.'d and improved guanos," po w"^" extolled by the manufncturer.i, should bo cntirelyd:*-' carded. There is no doubt about their being '•J'-j pared,'' but very much about their being '* improve: hj The preparation may consist of about ninety per ot"' (, of soil, with a pinch of bonedust, and charcoal f'" ' ji coloi-Ing nnitter. Those who are resolved on [ ; ij chasing these nostrums, should insist, where souiJ^'; soil is used, that it, at least, ehould bo of a ffilr ^'^ ity. ^ ^ In rosppct to the kinds of crops, where it niaj ^ used. The experience of tho country secmfl to fU " , as its constituent principles would also demoufitrq that it is applicable to every kind of field and gft^^^^ crops, fruits, flowers and vegetables. An emm^- ' Fe(or.' I purchased, 1 IouikI It stiMiv on tho top. I.'it not ,'.'. iit'tlu' d<'pth o{" a iVv." inchr^. As it in- "lii. -l to I'io south, and being gonerally inters'H-t(Nl bv ^ Strata of siHV.-lav, 1 lolt assured it woidd l»e in mv ;..;\v«T t-» c'lnvort it into g.>od arable snil. Spouty '"nid. it i-i v.'ill knoun, contains in tli '"spring, a su- I' "rahundanco of w.itor, tho springs approaching near '•' '• >url. .(•:'. 'i'lie water, on inelinin;r crroun*! will '"••'[ \*< ^.•;(v '.vitiiout tii.>turl ing tho surfsic*, where ti.- sod is grav.'liy or porous lim.^stoue, but wh. re it ia"rt> a strata of stiff elay, it<-annot penetrate it, and ;- o:.ii^o,pi,.,itlv forced to th" surface, and fiieU otr,.,ws flt every p )^>i! !(; ,])oning, conveying tlie impression diat {]\o land abounds in springs, when in fart there :-^ f'Ut on... 1\, a>C(rialn iJie luation of tho niain "♦pring. it i> .aily nocessary to mark, in" wet wealieT ^Ii ' different places Avhere the water is f >r<"Ml out.— >Vl»en the dry s(-.ison arrives, and tho water sinks ilM.hially away, that spot where tlie temperature of fii" water is coldest, in the seat of the principal Spring. ^ I '''»rnnienc(^d operations, by digging, at the foot of fJ'^doclivity, a ditch, three feet in deptli and two feet >^''d.» at the bottom.increasing the width to four feet a' i!i'^ "Surface, and three hundred and twenty (uibic yards '""i^. From that ditch I started what is called French •Ir:un8, in diflerent directions, to break through the '^tifTehiy towards the main springs, tho whereabouts <>l which I had previously a^scertainod. Tho French !• vMrd, S u8 40 7'')'> vard-.. diggiiitr, laying the stones and fill- ing up again, (i et^. prryard, running niea- sur< , Tlie gath'-ring of tlio sf, n<'<, h.-miing tlo-in, to tlio drain, whieb was done bv mv hirocj nian N\it!i a liors(» an(l eart, JiaNini:; the doiibl..' ad'.antaire of clearing tfi*' laiel of stones and applving tln>m to a -"od and jirotJfiM • u--, JO f,n S\iHi (Id l>y this operation. 1 have reolainnd thirtv-six acres of land at an exprn-o of ut.." Imi^d.r.-d (JMlJar-, 'v\itlnn ^:T(nty miles of a iT'K.d laarlc-t ( F.)tt>\ i!I.'\ and bv liminjT and good nianagoin,.nt, it now produ'-e^ from twcMity {•* tv. .'nry-ti\.- busJuN of g..,..l wheat, f.-rtv to iorty-fi\o bu-hrls of* e. rn. i:»rty l<» fifty busla-ls of oat^ (T one and a half to two tons o{ clover or timo- thv liav per aere. Many of owr fni'nior> ar<' v( l!in._r ,»f|' their ])rot ertr and m(.\itigto tip. wr-t. Laving the ji'.nios .f tlndr youtli and tlio gravos of tli(\rf; thors, to be.jin a now lifV in th" wild- rn»N<, while tliou-inds ,,1' aI(Htn. Tn a --plrited uud sensible artiele upon thishulject, puhlisi)ed in your last ninnbor, sttme g'H»d argument;* are given by Mr. Tugpirt against the jiopular b«-ii(.f in lunar influence, as capable cf producing cliangt-s of weather and affecting the durahill y (jf wo, 4e. It is one thing to a^-sert disbelief in the existence of such an agency, and qnite another, to demonstraN> its fallacy. Perhaps cmo of tho strongesi demoTu^trar tions of the incapacity of tho moon to eflbct « hange« iu the weather, is to bo found in tlie rich page.3 of the Farmer's Encyclopedia, a work wliieh should be within the reach of every one anxious to be pofl^ n XT GUT OFF .^28 COMMUNICATIONS. fFrnit rAiu, 1 4 ' o 1 T»('i,sin!i m ih<^ atniosj)her(' (Mitirely to hcatji^'priviMl . ;! w lurh 1 liioniih any means, it 1 t'i;()nies ciml 'n -cil^ uivitii!; rise to clouds, rain, anper distinction ]>etween two nii;.:;hty ;i;rents 0{)eratini:^ in the prohenoinena, nanielv ;:;ravitation and tem]>eratur<\ that M'e are enabled to umlerstand, why the moon nniy iidluenije tho atfairs of our planet in one way, and yet have no power to control the states of tlu; weather. After referrini: to tlu; supposj^l ai^eneies exerted by the moon upon animal substance'^, ve;^etable fjrowth, *^c., anl' , iiiiii iy 'jnivitation ^r cf tract Ion. od. Most, if not all the eiTct'ts upon aniin i] .iiKJ \ e- j!;etabl<» substances, populiriy ascrib(»d u> th" a.-tion of the moon, are to be traciul to natural agencies, en- tirely ind<'[)endenl of this satellite;. Notwitstandin^ our skepticism in re;j;aril to the RU})pos(>d inilucnce exerted by th(» mot>n at i-ertain of her sij-called chan<:;es, — for, a-i Mr. Tai:p;art has trulv remarked, real chancres sin; has none, — still w(» cannot help thinkin;r, that many who hav<' been h-d by their crcMlulity t») a strict observance of lunar changes received benelits irom so doing, simply be- cause tln\v were impelled to greater exactness in making those })reparations, upon which success gen- erally depends. ]'it\\M.iN. I'ur the Farm Jourual Af^rlruKural Nuisances, No. H, wii.K CAKifoT. i:iiii>'s m:st. Froic/f ('arota. (iLnimn. J>ie M(ehre. Spanis '/an.-ihopfa. haucus carota. IJtui. 1). sylvestris. Mill. 1>. vj. garis, AVc/r. ('aucalis carota, 7.'o///. I'astiiiuca svi vestris, (iirarti. Daukos' is the ancient Creek name of th(» carrot. It br'longs to tin; ')th class ]^> iilandria, and IM m d'l" />{(/'/fu'a in the Artiticial Sysiem ol' KinnaMis. \\ belongs to lb" natural order l'//itKtliJ'rni, andtri'.i l)ii/iriii>r in the l''l(*ra of North America. ]»etween forty and iiriy spe.-ies <'r Uu; genus urt l.iiowii : one id" tli''se ioimd in the S' ;ii!ii rii Stater and o!if \', Iiicii is 'di./ii;.dit. to 1 >' ».nl v a \ strict y ot" ttu Soniliern on^, is fdiiiid W(\stoftlie iJii 1^\ Mountain* 'Idie (.!!.' uiuIt conside!-;ilion is a initiveof" tin Iva^t, and h'i< long Iteen nndir en!tiv;it!on. an(l i; t!iis situation ]tresents ieverai strongly nnirked vuri- tieSi The wiM eai'r bush(ds were raised on one-f)urth of an f'»t sooner or later reeonnnend its culliva- ti>a more general and extensive. J. M. .^l■Ml^^v. IJni'niriUi, Jan. 'd, iNo^. d. \ariou-^ oile'i" •ubstance'^, ■^ue'i inii! " .rins to ripen, ilr v draw i> iL"' iiiei" III t.ie 111 Ink I'OVvnEK for immediate use. — Reduce to pow- der ten ounces of gall nuts, three ounces green cop- peras, two ounces each of powdered alum and gum arable. Put a littU of this mixture into wlute wine and it will be fit for immediate use. dl''. \,\r\ cioii present M'ne'\\ fiai 'de^ api^'arancc el •» bird s ne>t, winiice one of its conim 'ii ikipk'^. TIk^ f!(e.v,-r- are wdiite or yellow i-di : l!i'' tVni: .• egg shajied and parti.iUy covei'< 1 with bristlt'diK^ liair-. t'e \ ha\e a light aromatic, sne'ii au'! a '«\: :'• acrid taste. The rot)ts of the wild carrot are frequently given t«' children as a vermifutre. The exnressed iuice is nst^l in caKuhis eomplaints, imd f r die sure mouths 'f iiii'iiii-, and a ponltiee ol lie- scrajir^d carrot is Hr-I on the list ani'^ng our donu'stic remedies, to ubut*; pain and rtaiujve the stench of foul ulcers. When under i)roper cultivation it becomes one «f the most important vei^etables. They arc raised i'- Furope in pi' digitius ([uaiitities; the white btL'.'- prodiirrs sometimes thirty tons to the -Acvr. 'ff"5 ar" used extensively mix'-d with linir t" inuls'' brt':; i lii)rses and all kinds of utock are fond ^A' tieia, a'- the butter made from cows fed on them, is of t!i* finest quality. One hundred bushels of carrots. ' tain as mu4;!i nutriment as one ton of hay. Tb^y '^f* Baid to contiaia fourteen per c«ut. of casein an(J sturcl. Trniislated for Farm Journal. .Agriculluiai C'hcini-.tr\ , \o. V,, TJie last c(unbination of oxygen, which wo shall n-ttice, i< that w ith manganese, the jirufoj-r/d ainl the jy'^rhji/il ,,f' ,n(fti,/ancse. These are closelv ndated to tilt j.iotoxyd. and peroxyd of iron, and their prop.T- jti"^ are nearly the stune. Almost all S(dl-, and manv .{.hulls, contain a small jiortion of one (-r the other of tiu'se (»xv«ls. N'tt oxygen only, but nitrogen also, form.=; coinbd- nadens with other substances. Ann-ngtliese of s)te- •ial importance to the farmer, i.s tlie combinatiin i'i" intr..g,.ii uutl hydrogen, formin": a/m/fonia — which i^'t> >>• ini})ortant a part in vegetable eectnomy. Am- n»"iaa consists of four parts nitrogen and oni* part iiylrogen. It Ixdongs to the clas-. of basic salts, as it re-acts with acids in the same manner as potash, '•"la, ite. Annnonia never occurs free, but alwavs in '"inl-ination with hydrochloric acid, as salannnoniac. b IS frined likiwvise in the process (»f putrefaction iTiuderay, and bv the \\y\' distillation of nitroijenou.s '>rL'anic substances. It appears alscj in tlie cxhala- Ueiis of rertain animals ami jdants, and is produced '11 all the processes of oxidation Avhiti(' lime unities w^ith the (ddorine forming chloride >^ I'alclum, and the ammonia is given off as a gas. Fig. 15. a-^ a'n.iina, also possess the power ed' ab^orluiij; ami retaining aunu«jnia. 'Jdie ammonia in nianu!-o niay be fixcti by strinving earth or gypMini o\(r it ; or by adding sulphurii' a.-id to t!i" urino and occasitina!! t pouring the mixture! over the manure heai*. A^ • lib tivated soils alwavs contain niwrt,' or less dci'avinn or- ganic matter, this constantly furnishes (.pportunify for the formation of annnonia, and hence scar. . ly any soil is Ibmid to be whoHv «iestituto of it. Am- moniti is very readily decomposed into its tdiit-f rle- nients, by growing plants; and as plants reqnirw large (pumtities o{ nitroirt-n ami hvdroiren f(»r their sustenance, it is evident how bentdicial to thc^m nuisl be the pr 'sence of annintnia in the stdl. The excesi of annnonia beyond what can be taken up bv th« acid j)resent, frequently causes horse manure, when recent, to destroy or burn vp vegetation if applied iTT drv weather on poor sandv soils. Horse nninure. fn-m its very nature, produccvs an abundaiu'C of am- nn^nia ; and consequently reipiires, dtiring its decom- position, a large amount of acid to neutralize or fix the annnonia. Hut, on sandvsoil ; and in drv weatl - er, the requisite quantity of a- Id is nut supplied, and thus the annnonia aets destructively as a caustic. — A similar result follows the applieati'»n of other ma- nures in a fresh or rank state. Frc >h urine also aeti thus destruetivtdy on vegetation: luit this can readily be prevented by mixing suljdniric acid with such urim^ tiil efFervescence ceases to take place, in ;:d- dition to what they receive from the soil, plants like- wise absorb annu p.'a from the atmi)S|diere. Ammo- nia, as ha^' been stated b"fore, readily coni)>ines with all aei(N. One such combination is the larhonafc of ammonia. whi( h plants eagerly take up, and which is rapidly produc«Ml when warm and damp weather favor and promote the liecomposition of organic sul>- stant^es. The carbonate of ammonia, when abund- ant In the soil. caus«\s the cereals espeihj>\ and producing small, imperfecfc grain. In such ca>es the formation of carbonic acid and ammonia is predominant, and the decomposition of the more earthy substanc'^s is retarded or prevenv- ed. The .mlphate nf ainmoiiia has already been advert- ed to, when speaking of g^'psum. It is a resulting MGHT BINDING TEXT GUT OFF - ^ f'ff-- S30 COMMUNICATIONS. |Febkuaki, »fsr-Ti*-» -viaii* •••^MMw.**-/-''*'*'*.- wv*<« iM-'K< *-rw product ill tlio manufacturo of jT;as from l)itiiminoua ooal, aiul -svhorc it can Ijo procurod at a ow ])ri<*o, may ])0 usefully oniployed by the farinoi*. H' applied to soils roiitaininp^ iiiucli carbonate of lime and mag- nesia, it will speedily be decomposed, yiroducing !iate of ma'cnc>Hia, i^c. "wliidi cannot but ]>rove b(Mieiicial to the soil. Tlic miiriatc of uminonia K;xl ammoniac, as also the nifidfe of (ininiont'L, arc oxo(dlent f<'rtilizers ; but as the application r practical us<», we shall j)as8 thorn liy without further notice. Of mudi grrat- t)r importance and value, on the other h.aiid, is the piuji^pimic of ammonia, which is inti'oductMl into the soil by urine, ann- the oxygen of the atmosphere, decomposed ajid cur.- vertcd into carbonic acid ; which is then absorbed, aj a gas, by the plants, and d(^con)poscd into its i-K- merits, carbon juid oxygen. The <'arbon is a])[)ropri- ated and assimilated b}" the plants, but the oxvon Is, in the main, again rcturncfl into the atmosph'-rj' Ifumus consists (;f tlu; remains of pre-exisiing plant" and animals,decomposed by putrefaction and dc<*av,})iu which have not vet l)ecomc combined V\ith the oxvzcr. of the atmosphere, nor commenced a new cnre< rof'cir- culatiim as carbonic acid. A>.ma:iv accid'Utal lausu may (oncur to j^revent the pc^rfin 1 dec(im]M)S'ition (.1 these remains in the soil, so also tlie hume.s it^r'/ mil V be more or less decoinposa])ie. Som.e kinds i:av. in a gn^ater or less d<'groe assuncd the f<»rm and i;};:; rarter of mineral (!oal or carbonaceous matter, nn! frnm thi- causv' offer more protracted resistant e to tL action of oxviien, and are besides less solid di' in ih'.j stattMhan oth(T kir.ds are. This lias bcc n (lr!ii)i;ii- nated carhotiizi'l hinnn.], and constitutes the principa; ates of lime or magnesia in the soil, or v;itli tin; prot- portion of the black, friable jind turfy soils. Auoil ox^'ds or ]> 'roxyds of iron or manganese; — tiie plios- plnn-ic acid })tirting from the ammonia, and uniting with one (tf tlieso bases. And since all soils contain at least oni; of these :'ubstance<<, and the jthosphates influence plants mainly liy nvans of the phosphoric aciloy phosphate of lime ov ]diosphate of ammonia, as maiuuv^; for, though phosphate of lime be insoln'ole in water, it is soluV)l(! in huinio acid, which is found in all cultivat"d soils. Another combination interesting to the farmer, is that n» ly, but also cd' hydn»g''n, nitrogen, sulphur, phosplu us, potash, ^^'c., the source of the ( fficiency oriiur.i •• in supjxirting vegetable life is soificiently obvious. - Superadded to this is the fact, that nearly nil tl.' substances are present in a sohrole scate, and c; theiefore the more readilv be absorbed and :ir^>ii: lated by plants. Another favorable effect of huui' • is that it serves to keep tin* soil loos'^ ami porou.>«, tin ■ enabling the roots of plants to j^em^trate it v>'itli c:> ■ in all directions, and allov.inir the oxvgen of tlio • mosphere i(} enter aiul penetrate it — thus fu 'litati: decomposition and the preparation «d' aliment fur. tur<^ crops. Yet none of these advantages would ■ suit from even an increased abundance of humus, that sul)stance did not possess the property of absor ing a very large amount of moisture from the atuv - phere, and retaining it; so that a soil containing i»i- humus, will also retain moisture much longer tii- any other. During the decomposition of humus sovi: kinds of acids may be produced, which, if not su ciently ccmcentrated, will arrest or retard its tliorou decomposition or tr.ansformation. When this is - case the humus becomes acid annt after the iiuin- eration or decay of plants or animals, there remain as ashes, ccu'tain other substances wlTudi were origi- iiallv derived from the soil. These are th<' n-tn-vola- tile, iiide>tructible or inctunbustilde substances — the earths, the metals, pho-phcrus, and sul[dnir, i'v:c. — These remains are usually called ashes. The rela- ■ess a ]:nowl<^d""e of the different substances which . . . ^ , .*, , ,. i i.'i i . ,f icx*) ck uii 1-, ^^ ti\(» (juantitn^s of combnstible :uid incombustible mat- iiHve be 11 enumerate.!. !le must also know which ■• i i ^ • • i • ..r ., i^ iiaM M ^ ^^^j. ^vii,,.}, |,|;i,its contain IS always in proportion to hav of tlii'ia are most reipiisite or essenuul in the gi-'.e.vtli ..fphiMt^: wiiich of them are supplied by tic soil, find which of them are derived from the atmosph(u-e ; M also, what means are to be n-i^l to furnish plants at all times with tludr necessary aliment. This leads us, in ihe next })lace, to the consideration of the nour- ishuKMit of })lants. Plants dmt^lope themselves and p*ow by receiving their aliment in part from the soil and in part from the air. From the soil they receive carbonic acid combined with oxyds, and ainnnmia coinbined with acids, in so far as these salts are s(du- hle in ..ater. AV'iih water they receive also those in- ectively. 'W) the farme!- the indestructible or ini'<»mbustilde eh'meiits of plantf are tla- nmrc imjx^rtant, because the gaseous elements can be, and in nost instances are supplied by the atr mosphere. IMaius caniMt themselves produce those elenu'iits, but must tind tle'in already prepan-d for their use, if they are to thrive vigorously. Now the pre]>aration of thov^c necessary alimentary substance! is almost constantly going tui in the soil and in the air; and the firmer has for the most part only to take nnnisures that the reqiii-ite mall proportional quantity of ashes remains after incineration, it is maniiest that plants iHMpiire f »r their growth a mmdi larger quan- tity (d* gaseous or icriform, than of solid >ubst.ince8. Nor is the fict unimportant, practically, that plants, in order to thrive, require that tic- alimentary *ub- stanc«>s they ncd should 1m' pres.'ut or be presented in certain ndaiive .pumiities. An excess of one in proportion to aiiMih.T may fnMpicntly arrest growth , anment more of one substance than ol another. ^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^ because a v.>ry small .piantity of them is Thus, the stem or stalk of a cereal plant contains much >ilicic acid, while a greater proportion of phos- phorus, or sulphur, or nitrogen is found in the seed or grain. (Uher plants again contain iiore carbon, or lime, or carl»oni(' acid, or nitrogen, or oxygen, itc. ^hi this difference in the reecies of plants. It pr'd>ablj results fnmi or depends on the greater (»r smalhT de- gree of vegetative power with which each particular 332 COMMTTXTnATIONS. [Fehruary »(."*■ a.,; "irv^.'^-ii*;- » L's^'K.rt^xtEi**.-'' , ■J»r'MP'r.-^..-*'aT»sr» «* f*- ■ ■f.y wcy^wwi— — '•< ICAA««l«««'«rS"a!<^*SB>9aQB plant is naturally endowed. The farmer may turn this fact to account, ]jy cultivating plants possessing tlio higher degree of vegetative power, in soils wliidi do not part with their nutritious matters as readily fi3 others; while his richer soils are allotted to those plants which possess a more feeble vegetative power. For the Farm Journal. A{^ricultural I'diirailon — Change ot s< (mI, iSir. Mr. Editor : — Permit mo to congratulate you upon the indications that the Form .h'unin' i- iilimit tu be- come the " hantl-l)()ok'' of l\'nn>\ Kania i;ii-iMtTH. T»i \ give the most prolitulilr dl'M-t t<> :i;:ricultui-:i] o.-says tiiey «hnii!»l be iikuI' \\\\ of {Iniii'jlit, (»b>rr\ation :inrr « i- !•■•-■< Av-al-i'iicd in their inlluonces, by tli<' sus])i('i(ni, at lra:t. that th(^v are 8urround<'n the whole rnimr life of his children; — if he would but believe that lii^ lieavy hand is constantly pressing upon the germ of int(d- lect, buried in the mind of his own oifspring. which only wants an opportunity and his aid to enable it to spring into liberty, and light, and life ;— if he wouhl, in his imagination, but follow his untaught boy as he follows the ploAV, and lltyon-h the medinni cf lii^ unenlighten(Ml countenanci* eih|M!:'e tlir -nbj.Tt d' lii^~ Uiought, and tin'] it Im ],,■ lait light of philosophy to the aid of practical experience* It has become almost a self-evident truth, with farm- ers, that eeed should be changed, but with us tU change is"' n^f nidy ol the seed, but from sandy or slate land to limestone land ; and vice versa. It is not to be denied that proiitable results have been at- tained ]jy tins change ; the experience of very nianr attest the fact. " IMy observation is decidedly against it.^' And in Hiy judgment, the exper'en^e of oth( rs on this point is fou!id in the faet, that he who gci g from licni" aftf^r M'.Mb goes aft ii- ywo^Z seed, better I than lii'^nwn. i'at IT tie I'c b^' an v tiling true in nature, it is. " neii" hut tlie bcvt Miid nn-t ))••! feet si a in M U "or t le' I'f-rn'iMbirt !( n of its kini' \\>ri\ 1 r(H >ingi ;lo grad^' alioV(^ that of the animal !i- di-ives: if ids li.art did ni^t »!nk within liim il w^aild !.> luTan-cIic lia:| n.' laart for grief. Ibu ii', vn the eontrary, la' I'-amd th< r,> ;i countenance brightened by it; own thought — a pur suit of labor made easy by the int(dleetual hope that that his observations and discoveries were addin<'- something to the stock of knowledge — if \\!iut new wheat, prepared as I have suggested, never wants vitality, ami is ready to spring Into life as soon a^ e. nimil I 'mI t' > t ln' ^i il, <,..., 11 !>...., ,,,... .... i^;i-,-._r,> i'mat^M'S for the \ ; . h a ■ "I gitud t a> I'd'eiMe with- tatoes are sometimes of I Ml ma I ! I m -1 1 1 I > r>'. set'd." i.-- antithri- dlii.si.ratiou (] >eed : anil it wnuld have becTi in «>nt t lie rra >n hat .-ma till' second tcrowt h. 1 n the article (ai ■' ^^'lleat Culture" your C(unpopi- tor has made me to say that wdieat may be sowed at any time *' brforr^^ the first of September — instead of W7i-'r that period. iuLOK. \Vatt3. Carlide, 2Uh Jainnir>/, 18o2. For the Farm Journal. Prnrfieal 1 ',\ pj rieiicc I'r()tccth)n for Trccu against 'Vlie*. IMk. Editor: — Dear Sir — I have received yonr Journal from its commencement. I als(M*eceive se^ eral of the leax\ of that biif/-hcar callo^, stock, &c., I am sure it treated in this maimer, mav be destined tt» be even- would assist vnu verv mucdi in your efforts to fundsh ' tuallv removed when the tlnw cf sai. l.» them has llieni a useful and interesting Journal, As making! been ^. wht n sntHei.n Iv ,.f ]>rotec!in'.: fniit trees from being gir'li' d liy mice, Seine (if \ 'air r-.e't I' ti.at ma\ Ix- -< • Inrtunate as not u* he troulil"d with ttKMn. inm ihiidv it a .-nmll -ul)- ' shortened by a el-au dia"-onal oi- ^lantin"- eut. at a j"et to write about, ho: I . iri a- n'" you tleit in this 1 propei-ly plae^d leadini: twig. i< h-tt to eiiatri-e ;iTid part of tlnM-nntry, they are nut to be overlooked. If ' renmiii perman-nt. 'i'his operati'ii is |>arti(ad;;r'y tiicv were, in tln^ sprinir we W'uld discover that the suited to boundarw avenu" or street trees, where ele- mice had not overlooked our Ajiple-trees. I procure sheet lead, tin* lining (d* old tea chests, vaterl h(\ids and clean elt.ngated stem are important; but may be oeeasinjially u^-ful in park trees, to stop cut in strips of from tt go ar.nind the tree, laj.ping it ' however, as it ou-ht to be, in the' nursery, and thtem, found effectual. the after pianiing of trr.vs will )).> r.ii-tly and sparing- Last winter I hat season fnr pruning, 1 conceive hut a heavy fall of snow occurring, I was fearful the ! to be between Septend.er and tin; end «d' February, mice miglit be at work at my young trees. Three or when the sap having been elaborated in th-- leaves is four days after, as soon as the weather cleared up 1 beginiiing to deseejid and be distributed for the ma- lent my man to examine the trees in a voun;: orihard , t«-rialof next year's growth ; and v. lientli ' \ ital ee..iu> of fifty tree><. Ho fi)un4^1an will prevented further loss. j be found ver}' satisfactory, and t!ie most unpromising As to the expenses, twenty-five cents will buy lead U^nd unsightly heads gradually brmight in a few on(»ULdi for fifty trees, ann of the vear when the farmer has tiUK* to hiuk over his <.f littLi ce>nsefiuence when the wimTiTl Issmtill, and in avenutt or park trees, cultivated rather for ornament than fi»r timber; and 1 think the operati'-n p'-rf >rmed on ihpping," is the rude practice of cutting off branches large aiul small Indiscriminately, to In- orpa.se the length of the stem, or as is supposed the p'owth of the tree; the other, which is properly ''pvn- Qing," Is the stopping or shortening gradually by •uccessive annual ami>utatu»ns, such branches as are Ending unduly to enlargi; themselves, and, by divert- bears luaming least of any, and should rarely l-v toutdied. In fruit tnnvs we deprecate the idea of be- in"" armed with the axe and the hamlsaw: all the ro- <(ulsite Implements Is one of J>ulst*s be-t ])runing knives, with which the ap]de and th<^ pe-ar. the .-ach and th(» cherry can be kept In perfiM-t ])earing rder. The plum and the quince shoiihl be sparing dciUt ^ the sap from the proper central leading stem, to ' with, unless to shorten exuberant shouts. 3,34 AaillCULTUilAL SOCIETY. [FEfiRUAllY. «.?", , -_!!;': ■sqn ^.r,vicultural Societies. Pcit!!sylvaiiia Slalc Aj:^ricu!tural Society. TuE.-DAV, JimiKiry 2^), lsr>2. lu accoiNLince\vli]i tlio loiirtb section (»f the Coiistl- tutioii of tlio IVunsylvanIa Stale Aro- ject, inthe'ji;«.neraiint(M*cst it excited — the lar;i:e attend- ance of farmers, theo-rand ;i;rand display of a;i;ricuUu- ral products, ijupleiuents and stock, and they found thcmselscs n-.-.v with all the exj.enses }-.;iid, and si^v- eral thoi!sar\d dollars in the treasury. If* el.) "d bis remarks by saviTi'jr that the Conv(>mioii a year ul^o had been harmoidou.s, and tlnu'hoice ofoffuMTS j2;ood, he trusted they would be e(|ually conciliatory and equally fortuntile: to-ni!j:;ht. On motion of J Vivid iMumma, dr., it was Rrsoh'cd, That wluni this m(MMin^ adjourns it ad- journ to nuH^t in this place to morrow afternoon, at 2 o'clock. On motion, the Treasurer's report was read and adopted. tueasurer's account. ISol. PU. Feb'y. 7— To Cash of R. C. Walker, initia- tory fe(!^^ ^ S lOd 00 April — C^ish paid by members this mo., 4 (HI May Sept. Oct. << 4 00 11 00 20 00 *' for tickets at the fair, aiul admission fees of member- ship durin;; the sam(% Nov. 19 — " D. Kalst(m, (Indiana,) J), (i. Mt l\inl(\y, membership fciubscription paid him, 450n 20 1 00 80 00 $4813 29 (( (( (( <.. <( (( it ^^ 50 427 0(1 is 1 • > 1851. OU. April — By ]>ill of J. Clyde, for a 0 rpiire blank book for Ti-easurer, and posta;i;e paid wit iiin the y(Mir, $ 3 20 I5y various ])ayn)(.'nts nmde appia-tainin;:; to the e\hil)ition of th(^ Society, for which see foUowini:; vou(4iers : List, termol T. VMw, dr., rani(4 Wilt, work, haulin;^;, I'lcc. to AV alters & Oaks, Clerk hir(>, .Mni-risi\: Sawyer, policed watchmen, ^. li. i>rooks,tele^raphicdespatchcs, .!. W I lutherford, horses and liands, Forster, Funk t^' Colder, clerk biro, M. I\l .; 'x. IViider iV Wilt, haulin^^ 1' iNmI lluunnell, rent of u'l-onnd, (ieo. liiiumK ll,straw, havA: haulin, T AVilson, watering stock, >l i\lnl(>y. liii^ler k Wilt, hnnber, ien(dn;i;, ttc. W. ColdtM-. Sr., haulinf!;, Daniel A\'ilt, chief of fair ground, C. S. Funk, clerk, J. M. Forster X J. Colder, clerks in ticket ofiice, C. C.Mullin, expenses forpreparin;j; and cleaniup; llouse of ivej)re\s. ^'«. r>;'rij;ner, freiirht on certiticatep, \V . roid(>r, dr., livery and hauling, 0. r>. Laird, clerk, d. Ii"scure, clerk. Dr. lleilly, Philip iToak, horses and lianris, i\lcKinley& licscure, printing, &e., Le-icure k Laird, clerk ng, A. d. dones, postage, Pr(>miums awarded at exhibition, IS.^2.1 AGRICULTUIIAL SOCIETY. ,'^.'^'> 52i 00 0(» 73 00 45 00 27 00 15') 00 ;'.s 10 71 31 33:; 00 5S 45 5 25 7 «DI 7 M) 30 ^^ or (( (( (( (i <( i( (i i( l( 805 30 00 75 0(1 20 00 25 (H) 21 00 50 37 00 30 00 GO 00 55 43 S 00 270 40 100 (H) 34 "^^y 0';3 (to Dalance in Treasury, S4 27; >' 53.5 42 .^4S13 2l> Ai>]-)ropriati«>n by the State, unpaid f* :• Camrantee of ^Messrs. Coverly, Buehler, &e. 1 20(> ru)i)ertC. AValk.r, Secretary of the Society, sul»- mitted the following report, "sthich was adopted: To Ihc wcmhcrs of the rcinsi/Icania Suite Ajrici'ltnrd Socirf}/. Okntm--mkn — In laying before you a report i'or the first year's proceeiliiigs ef the l^enni^yivania Stat*i Agricultural Society,! am pleased to say th;it, in- stead of (»nly having to reci)rd the proceedings ot a f.'W nominafmcM'tings of a few theorists, met for tbtf purpose of hguring U])»)n ]>aper what can only be a^ comi»lish(M} by the practical working of the bonaji^^ farmers, I have registered the doings of a socjctv whoso members compose two thousand and ninety ot the farmers, mechanics and arti/ans of IVnnsylvamrv. Only a year has elapsed since the organization of this association, and we are now about to enter up'>n the second of its operations. AVhat y>'as cousiib red a problem by many at its commencement, namely, whether the proper elements existed in our State t*> huild up aiiers;>n to deliver the aniurd aldress at the Auriculniral ilxliibition. selected tlio Ib'U. Andrew Stevenson, (.f \'ir;:.inia, who in aeccrdance with the ,1'vs (.f .ianuary last, the l.e'/ivlaturc of thi>^ Stat- Stevenson, of Virginia, who in aecordance wjtii tlie liaV ]»v its act, a]);.roved the 20th day of Manh, in\itation extended, Avas promptly (.n the gi\.'un:;itly, by his exclh nt address, to the rd Society, the provisions of \vhi(4i are hen-A-ith pre- edifii-ation of all wiio h.id the ])leasuiv .»! hearing gpj^tr'd.— |2S0, l'^(n>j,liJrl Lair.; 1(^51. him, and did lasiing ser\i,-e to the cause h- so ably Thus has the L''gislatin-e of Pennsvlvania, with a advocated, liboralitv eli-iracttn-'lstie of the State, aVpropriati-d di I Th- address war; puldidi.Vl 1 > iheSo "lety mpamph- rectlv to* the use of said S(»cie{ v, two thousaml doMars, let form, and one copy .s.-nt to ea.-!i oi its m-mbers. witlwi like amount annually heivafter to that j.iid It was resolved by th-^ Kxeeutive Connnittee that in bv its membt'rs, proviiled such sum d.oes noi ex- j we de.MU t!i'M'vtabii,>hinent aiel ••ucc--;s oi :in Agri- •-eed'two thousaii'l in any ('ue year. .\ot only has ; cultural dournal, )'ubii>hed in l\'r.n>ylvaii;a, as cs- .iir LeoMsln-.ire rend.Mvsf eflicient aid in th^^ great j sential to the proper expositi-.n .f t!;.' j.rinciples of cause of :i/ricub lire (>v ai)p»ropriating numey to our i agriculture as practiced m t.i'^Mate; an I i.iat we Siate Soci-tv, but bv the i>rovisions (d' tmr act i)f in- ' approve of the iVnn.-ylvania I'.-n •) -unial. publish- corpora>iou"it auihoVi/.es the tnasiirer of every conn- I (m1 at the city of Lancaster, by A. M. ^pangler, aTid r in tl: > Cwmmo'iwcaltii to pay the sum of one bun- edited by S. S. Haldeman. tv .... (ired doll-ars to a c unty society, to l»e di'^bursed for the ]iromot!on of agricultural knowledge and im proveni nt. Vvr>\\\ the fict that ov(n* two thousand persons have already Im come members (d'this associ- ation, v> ' have rea.-on to b(dieve that our anjsual ap- pr. That ior the present it be :idopte.l at th- organ of the State Society, and that fann-rs an! all others in- terested in th" subject of anirl-ulture b«^ t'.ivise 1 to patroni/eit and contributeinfiriuation to it- column*-. __^^ ^ h was aNo resolve, I that t!: • pn-c-^iMliii-s of tiiis p'-..pr':'.t'oii froni th;> time forward will not be diniin- nutting be published in the American 1 e.rmer a •^l„',p Agricul ural dnurnal, iml-l'-lM-d m the t.erman hu There h ive been twelve nmetings of the Executive | gmig", in llarrisbuig, bv d. M. r>eek. and that tbi Commiite.^ and (»ne of the Society, since the adoption ' ]>erioui"al be reconnnend. d i • ilie patronage ot tho of the Constiturion, each of Mhich disposed i>f a pro- (hrman farnei-s of Pennsylvani n i- ])ortionate an>.(»unt oi' business required in making preparations for the Anninil Kxhibition. At a meet- mg of the Executive C;»mmittee, held in llirrisburg, OJi Thurs lav. the 27ih day of February last, it was /t\..r>//-. J." 'f hat We(;iu\>'dav, Thur.-day and Friday, the 22 t'lu" for h. Iding ilie first Annual Kxliibition' of th(» Pennsylvania rotate Agricultural Society. At a sneci'il ra v'ting, h"ld in Harrisburg, on Sr]> toniber :-»ih, L>51, pur.-uant to a call of the Presidimt, tlie foll',n-Ing pr'amblo and resolution were unani- meuslv a«!ooted A r- solution was pa-sed' asking tin; ditycrent Couri- tv ALiricultural Sn-ieti^s of this State to inform this ,^oci«"^iy (4* tlieir.xi.>lenc.'. 'flii> resolution was ].ub- lished'in the new.-]>ap"rs, but as yet no such society \i'd< furnished the desind in:--rnrition. Suitable book- have been \ io< uied in whleh have been tran books in vJiich has been maile an alphabetieal ariangement of the name;* of its mend>ers with th -ir r.-i.i nee ;ind i-'st otiice. Certiticaies of annual mMid.erddp liave be-n ])ro- cuivmI and issuid to ncarlv e>, ly m niber of the so- Wiir.iJKAs. It has accidentally bap])ened that the ciet v ; also eeitili.ates of li:e luemh. .-.^hils^ none <,f Pennsylv.-.nia State Auritadtural Socielv, and th« Maryfaiiil S;ate Agvieulrural Society have fixed th same d^vs for their Amnial Kxhibition. which mey operate uni"avorably to bot}i,an»l as our Society de>ircs to r(>cipi-oe:ite faciliti<'s with, an!nj. b-ing fixed a; too hiu;h a ]»ric\ A I'.ox of mln.nals and .(/d 1 .i- b -.n^pr. s.-nte-l to the society f »r analv'/.atio.n, by U. i*. lljbmson, ot iierks county. » • i In conseMUence of the ?davyland Stave Agriculiu- ral Soeietv having ,I and 2 lib days o{ Oet-ber i^t c.ur first hibiti(ei of the P<.nnsvlvania State Agricultural Sod- annual exhibition was n-t lebl until the diree lask oty, be and ihe same Is hereby changed an.l fixed to davs of Octo!)er, 1S51. Alloough bed too late i be upon .lie 20rh.3(>;ii and 3istdavs of October, '51. the season f.r the presetitation (4 many Iruits aim T.^-_ 7. , , m. , * /^ If *._-. /I , IT n.. .1. <..,m... .,„,1 ni M time when <-iiod \reatlier coulii It wa< Ii\'s»Jn'I, That A.O. Hiester, (Jeo. H. Bn -b cr, Dr. jailher Uiley. David Mnmina., jr., and Isaac (». M'Kinley, be a committee of arrangement, wlntse duty it s'p.rdl ho d(>finit( ly to aid unon all subjects per- tiining to the first Annual Exhibition^; and that they shall have power to emph^y such aid and assistance a.s necessity rdiall require. A connnittef c(msi. and at a time wl'.en ge.d \reather con l.i hardly be exi-eck (d all kin.ls was far greater than the most san-uine anihipators ha.l rea-^.-n t-<'.^b'';t-. Durin- the three davsofth.^exhibitioni; is thought that more than twentV thousand p r-Mi^ wi^e in at- tendance. The groun.l (lios;'n by the committee of arran-eni.Mit, u])on which to h-ld the fair, was pecu- liar in its a-biptati.m to the purpose, ar.d was located about a mile above Harrisburg, on the eastern sido \s the Susquehanna, emb.raeing nearly fiJbMU acres which was substantially enrh>sed by a f-nce ten feet On the side of the entrance was the ,,flice ot tlio trea-urer. an.l on the oth2. AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 337 "ra in books proporly ;irr;mji;(Ml and classlfiod, and a card given to tlio cxliil/itor, Avith tin* nuiiilx!!', naino and dcHcription of tlio artich', ownor and inv(>nt()r. All articles ior cixhihition wcro haulod l)y tho society to and iVoni the railroad depot, withuiit charge to the exhihitor. More than a hundred covered sheds were erected iuaid(^ the enclosure, for horses and cattle, with many others [)ut up for sheep, hogs, &c., and lur holding hay and feed. Jiarg(i ring^ wen^ constructed at a convenient dis- tance from the stalls used for the exhihition of horses ! and cattle. ! Lung houses were ncudly hulli :irnl jiari'iLitwitMi oil' , for poultry, which were filled will' alinost evtiy \a- riety of the feathered ladi*'s, the In .uri's of the farm, tln^ mechanic arts and inventions, and inipruve- nients in (Midless variety. The agricidtui-al implements and th(^ coarser arti- cles of housj^hold arts were assigned extensiv(! })lats of ground in S(>veral parts of the (Miclosur(\ and wer(^ cxhihitr \\ . A. Si^kiv, James Fitfe, Wm. Hell, der. Ulackainl .Mmii- h li, was ap]>ointed by the chair to consi(l(>r and ii] ert ( n the expediency of holdin;>; a fair in tin* we- 1. ;n p-jt of the State, and that they apointed a connnittce to memorialize Con- gress, on ln'half of the Pennsylvania State Agricul- tural Society, for the establishment of an agricultural IJureau; adopted. On motion, a committee ccmsisting of Andrew M. Rpangler, Isaac 0. ^IcKinley and Tlieo. r(>nn, was appointed for the purpose of in(juiring into the ex- pediency of memi)rializi ng the Legislature relative to the appointment of a State Agricultural Chemist: Mid conunittec to report to this society on to-morrow aftern(U)n. The following preamble and res(dutions were offered by David ^Luuuni, dr.; which were adoptei" 1 Ikm r pi'i m r.-t h-n :\\\^\ iic dilrcllv \\>V \\\- \\(\- \ .inii'int'iit of a':;nrnli or.'. h 1> trnt\ that tjii- re- jirn.icji to our h'gislation >lio!il.l fc roi,io\ r.i. and I sincerely liopc that tli ' presc.'iit Congress will no! (dose ih'ir labors \Niihnut adopting sufficient nn-aus to supply the onii--ion (»f those; who ])reced(>d them. "An Agrirnltui.il ijureau, charged with the «luty of collectin*!" and disseminatini^ cornri information as to the best m<»(le of cultivation, and of the most (dficient means of preservinir and restorin;r the fertil- ity of tin; soil, and of ]>r(M'uring aiul disti'ibuting seeds and ]dants, and other vegetable productiona, with instructions iu regard to the soil, climate* and treatment best adapted to their growth, could not faU to be, iu the laujiua^re of AV'ashin;::ton, in his annual message to Congress, "a \(^vy cheap instrument of im- mense national benefit," therefore Untion of agricul- turists iVoiii til' several States of the Cnion. w.i-. m nio(i-,i). lai'l oil foi' i.;o1i' uii'i] ! )-inori"ow. < hi nil 4 ii II, I ' \\ ;'. s //'■'"''••'/, TIm' tliis society ])roeeefl t,> tie- rli it< olhccr--. on to-iiii .;to\\ a I o'lai' ioii. at '■'< o"c|,i On ini I'll 'n. I > a \ I'l M nnniia and \\ . A were a.[ip'ilnLLd Lo a, I a- L.il.Ta of ilie election for officers. ( hi motion, it was Hesobril. That all the officers to be elected sliould be voted for on one ticket. On motion, the Secretary was orelered to have hand- bills })rinted anl posted, announcing the meeting to- morrow at ."') o'clock. Adjourned- O I I I •t ion >iokei "WrONESDAV, '2 o'clock, p. M. On motion of A. O. lliester, \\ . A. Stokes, Esq., was called to the chair. On motion of David Mumma, Esrp, the nomination for oflieei's was re-()p(Mied, and moved the nomination t)f d. ^1. lieck, (d' ]Iarrisburresent L«'gislature in relation to tlie aojiointnn'nt id" a »**^tate Agricultural Chemist, beg leave to r- port, that, after consultation, they un;ini- inouslv ret ommend to this society the selection of a c<^nuuitt« «■, V, hose duty it shall b<^ to draft a memorial t) the present L 'i^ishiture, asking the ap])ointment of a State Agricultural Chemist. It is not c, it being de.nied suflici(;nt merely to ud\ert to the fa'f thai \N!;or.\ -ra State (^]i.nii>t has been a]>[toint<-l. the very !m'-,l ro-ults liuvc icdlowed. [Signe(l.| A. M. ^1' WilM'.il, 'i lii:<>. I i.\ \. 1. (.. M Kl\ l.iA , .1 \-v i li I';. I'llli.ll' i'<)l iMlilllTV. On moti<«n of (len. AVilliam Avn^s. it was lirso/rcJ, That the tluinks of th(» l*ennsvh'ania State Atrrieultural Societv be tendered to the nnan- IxTS of the llouse^ of Pepre'-'entatives ftr their kind- ness in giving to this Society the use of their hall. On motion of A. O. lliester, it was : Ji\\s(»lr>>/. 'fliat, as a society, we approve of the te^io, spirit and ;il»ility with which our organ, the* Farm dournal, has been e'e)nduct( d durin^j; the past year, and that we* cordially ree^annu'iid e'very member of the societv neit oidvto subse-ribe for it himself, but t-o use his infliu^nce to extenel its circulation ame)n<' hy neighbors. On motion of David .M.ji!ima, dr., it wa-? /,'r.vo/re//,That the* Ame'ricanisther l>auer,pr"nteel at Harrisburg, in the (lerman language, by d, M. iJe'ck, is Well w(»rthy of the patro!iage» of our Oerman larm- tTs, a'lel that wt^ cordially re'c(Mnme»n 'i-. when on- hnndre«l and thirty ve)tes were polled. :in ( the f )llowing ollicers were se- leoted lor thi' ensuin-r vevtr: rresii/in(~i i; i ; 1 'hi; h k w a i ts. lire JWsitJefif.s'. 1st Congres«ieuHil District — Pede^ir: P. Saverv. 2d ' - dos.'U. IngeTSedl. .'^1 *' Cahd. (\>pe. 4th " .)a<. Cowe-n. ''th '* fJoJiii l\'>n)ieelv. <^»th - AVilliam Stav/'lv. 'J'th " Ab. i;. ^^!lvaine. ^^th ** Jai'ol) Frantz. ^^h " Henry Shubert. Idth •' Conniel Shim.r. Hth " Jaeol) Drundie'ller. l^th '• AVilliam Jevssup. b'>th '• Jaeol) ( Jiindy. 14th " A. 0. HiesteT. 15th '* J. S. lialdeman. 16th " Finlaw M'Cown. 17th " Jno. M'Williama. l^th '♦ Henry l^e^esem. loth •• AVm. A. Stoke*!. 23th *' >V m. Pattorbou. -1st Congressional District — Hiram llaltz. •^l^d '• M -rris I u< le-r. Ijihnninn — Lu' her ll-illv. r//.///;.v/— Charles U. Tr-iro. Kxx-uh'r.' ( 'ih:i mill' f — I. nt fae t that the formation of a Naii»>nal A;j:ricultiiral Se)ciety is at this time* a matter of ureat nionn-nt and impor- tance'; there'feu'e, for th" p.urpose of" fonuing suedi so- ede'ty, be^ it Jie:;oIrrd, Tiiat we^ rocommind the calling;- e.f a eor,- ventieiii e)f agricult'-rists . f the Initi^d State-, to met i at the citv eif AVashington at su< h tiiu" a-; mav be fixed upon, as soon fis it is a««eerlained thai a >utlicient numbe'r of States ed this I niou have' a{»pre»ve'el ed tl»« plan to warrant its undi-rfakinir. lifsti'itd. 'j'hat ihis soe-ie'ty will elect e»ne Ueh ;j;i?t' froni e-aeh ( 'on;rressioi,al eli.-trict of th" State', w Ic siiall be a meinlicr of this society, to represent tinf societv in ?aid propo^d national convention. Yi'.vo''/-"/, Thar this setedety e\xpeets and c.i'-n'Ktlv requests the' co-o^)eration of e:very State; in th" I ni. ai in tills nuitter. I!r.^olr(d, That all Statee etr State societies willing,; te> ce»-e>pe'rate with u< In this laudable e-nterprise, art* reepiesteel to inform th«' Pre'sieh'iit of this soeie'ty of suedi fact: anel so sevtn as five States have* so siixnified their w illingne'ss to ai't in th" matte»r. tl-en tlie' Presi- dent e>f this seude'tv shall imme-diatelv after asc'ertain- ing. (bv ce>rre's|)onding w itli the' se'veral State sejcie- ties u]Hin the subject,) th" most sintaMe tirTie ior callinLT such e'e»nventiein, fix on a time for the' meeting e)f said c<)nve'ntiem, of whit h he shall give- ne»tice in as many T^apers as may be necessary. /.'r.s/;/r(n. by a unanimoui« vote, so ae to r«ad " quarterly" instead of "monthly,'' -*, «ii!i 1 II On motion of ({eor;:;o II. Bindier, tlie ronatitntion | ited space will, tlierefore, only ill low u.s to ]»rpt;ent {\. was ann'n(h'(l in the Ur.st section so us t(» i"<-;id '*ten'' j very concise ;;eneral view otitic su!>i<;ct. with a i^rii'i' iuHtcad of "Isv -nt V." ! an«i condensed outlinii of sucli ol' its c'laracterLstie A motion v.iis nia'h' ])y John lieule t^) ulti^r the ' fentiires as have an a;;-ricullur:Ll h-arin;;. second section of th(; Constitution, hy striking:; out the Jn r<»;j::ird to the (!Xtent of this hranch (jf /oole;^y, words " ihreedhurthsuf \vh(.ni siiail he practical a;.:ri- no lit{Li> diversity of opinion h:i:^ prcvaihsl nnion;; i:;i- eidturists or hni-ticuUur;;4s.'' Lest. On m..tion of A. M, Sp>an;.;lcr, a vote of tlianlv wa^ fivcn to 1\ V'. Carson any some it hus heeu in:eh' to include all, or nuiirlv all, id' the articulate or inverteltrate ani- rjm;i!s; such as crahs, lohsters, »\iitn-werm-. Icoclics, I sp!>lers, c(Uit.ij)LHles, tte. Others coniine its limits to tlie win,ire'fl insects (IMlota) of jv]"i.-t(»tle; thus, v»'r> jic.s'jtt;'!!, J uau f.ii; j^.v. » .iu. , .. v.......... .v. , pvopcrly, a\ oldiu^j; the UTuuitural a-soclation of t'--i.-.. atiach(-.i ^ix ler. lirinchlc's *'Kemar]:s on .l!ntomolo;*:;Y" for puhlication in the Farm Jounial. — Ono W(»rd of explanation. Dr. Brinehle was calIecem'.n'r last tin; Dr. placed the article in mv hands in I'hiladejphia, Avith a rtMjuest (»n his . . . .t.*. I 111. ''II.. they e:ui arriv" ar this state, nud acquire tliis strut- ture, they must necestuirily piss thr<*ii,i.']i vari.n.is wou- derful clian;.^es and tranyformitioiis < ailed their mc- tamorpin>ses. Li their linal or pm-fect insect form, the prominent, and in n:aiiy insi;tnces, the oidy oh;ect of their «xu+- tence, is the perjictuation oT tlieir kind, hy n-prodac- ,n mv nanus .n inm..v^yuuu ^wu. ....{... .... , Hon. Soon aft;T paiiin- the iemale, fueled hy an mrt and a nroniis(« on mme that it shouhl i>e laid be- j inscrutahle mstinct, dep.»sites her eoc^sy in some RuiV ■/,rc the Societv, I tu-ed tiie i>r. t.. come to Harris- able place,.!; where the api)ropraite Iom n| tiio youni; bur- and read' it himseli; hut this he jM-remptorily is at iiand Tlie p. reat purpose ol 1. o Ikmu;: m.w ac- declined and exiieetinj^ at that time to f.e present at ': cempiished, hotli tlie male and ieuuiL' usu.vUy dic\- ihe annual meetin-, I received it from him lor the | Oeca-iomilly, l..>wever, tin; ]>rovia(nt care ot the pa- nurnose (U suhmitUno; it to the S.ciety. lUa, the rent is necessary t.. the support and sustenance ch smi.Iy h-ink< delayed my arrival Iw^re till after the So- 1 their olisprin-. AV fien this is thy ras.;, and in some oi'etv had hehl its nu^eimp; and linaliv adiourne.l. I ; instances wlunv no such necessity cxist<, their hi:* then ccmsultMl the officers of the S:a-;ety wh(»m 1 for a time is pmlon.L'eiL iiiund here as to tlie disposition to he made of the es- After th.e lapse nf days, weeks or months, the egg «av, and hy their advice 1 i>lace it in ymir hands fi»r hatches, and becomes a*cater})ilhir. «:;rub, (»r maj2:;i;«ns i)ublieation and accompany it with this not'> ol ex- 1 'Pjiis is the inscr-t's tirst state of existence; and in i.lanatiou, as du<', not only to the Society. )>ut to the j this state it is termed a kirva. Except in a few Ok- I ^ 1 ,,,,(J,,vi. \.'.>i..- ti.i-ili-' T/viii« fiMiiliil ,..-.... *... '..•l.*..!. ♦K.A i>-> , .f-.i t»i. ii'i.U, i^' : »• lu 1 til < i1lH»l<:»i"l» i lit Ver}' truly your Irieud, '(jli;o. \\ . W ooiMVAiii). Ch'iefhj ill Inference {<> an AijnniJ!ui\'l t'CWjU. i j;v \c. D. lUnNTKl.K, M. I). I In compliance more with tlu^ spirit thtin with the j letter of a reM4uti<»npas.stMl by the Pennsylvania State 1 Ai^ricullural t/euvention held at Harrisburii-, in -Jan- UiU-y, 1(''-">1, f present, at this time, Ibryour consider- ation, somc^ remarks on KNT0M0T.0(iV. J lad, however, n. copy of the resulutiou referred to. reached me prior to the ad"ournment of the Convention, tli" pnjifT'rred honor would have been respectfully declined, and the name of a j]^entleman^" sui^i^ested, who is inlinitely more comjwHent totheta.sk than mjself, and whoso iMitomolo<:;ical fame lias passed beyond the contines of our own State and our own country. And should an Kntomologist bo required to draw up a R'^ort on th' noxious iiistrf.^ of J'mnsi/lcania, no one more amply qualified could be selected. EsTOMoi.oov is that branch of Zoolo;:y which treats of Lisects. The term haa its oriujin in two Greek words (vrofiov Xoyac, literally signify inr*; ijus'irf — hitt- hn-i/. This department of Natural Science exorcises au important agency in the economy of the physical world, and is intimately connected with the wolfiiro «nd happiness of our race. To enter fully into its ♦I'rofcMor S. S llaldemuu. DF.iJs in whicli the metamorphi»sis is in{C'm!)lete, th»- larva, 'lo's re.t p;>sscene;ith the old one, which then splits open, and the larva by its cnmtortions castf a^ - — •ThfB.^ tlirce portions of the body are suhdivifled into joint* or rings teriu..il si'gui.Mils. The houd consMluf.'s the lirst segment-- thJ^Lher.'ix conUiuisUiri-e. which are c:illt*r Hbdotniiuil stcuieiits vary m imuil)er in the (litHreiit orders, and sometinics It IS )U't iniiiorm m Uio s^jxcs of the s'lme species: lu rlie hiittcrtlics and mnthh (Lt'pidoi-.tera) it is usually iiine, in bectits (Tolfaptfua) six or seven •flMSixMsareovip">r(.u8. To this ceneral !avv there are some np- parent exoeplionf; tiuistlic plunthouHe. (Aphiu) at certain s^.a- lone o( the \car, and the Flebh-l--ly (t:arcoi>haga carnaria) and :i lewc,th*rs, ijivi; Itirtli lo lavvas the yotini? of the Forest-hi.\ (Mippoh(»seH) nn.l coiiijeners are retained witlnn tin- matrix of t-w jmrcnt till tin v have courplcU'd their Uivi! lite, when; they ent.T the worhl in the pupa state. In these inetamu-s, h(«\v.n'er, the lai- v;i isnot"'; positor-the drajron-fly (Libellala)and other insects a(p.iatic in tncn Inrta state, on water plunt»— aud lU« paiaaitei, m the eggB o» liurra of other iu»€Cte. i 'i- 'l REMARKS ON ENTO.MOLOGY aS9 it olf. 'I'l'is moulting proees.s may occupy two or / wood or leaf to which they are attade'l. in a phial, three davs: during which time the larva is languid, and closing the mmitli wiih gao/.e nr .-i'm;> vuitable Mul takes liilleor no food. JSliortly after it has forced contrivanci' tbat will admit a ^utlieinu supply of at- itself from its old s!;in, ifs ravenous appetite returns with renewed vigor. At intervals of six or eight «fivs, a second and a tliird moulting takes place. — Tlie.'e in lullings are always suceei'ded by an imu'eas" oi' verae'.rv; whi'h in some instances is so great, that a caterpill-.r will consume, in twentv-l'our leiurs, one Lunilreil aiel fil>y times its own weight (»f iood. Th • le.rva, at length, attains its full size; it rlcn ninspherle air. (h-nerally. in the oouire ot' a few davK or weelt:u«\ It i.^ perhaps even n<»w unkie>wii t<> v« u ; in which c.ase viu musl end»'avor t<» find nut its approj)riate alimei,r, by fur- nishing it with f>(>d of dilfereiit kind>. Should these attempts to discover its pr./iier nnl!ri^}:m :;i jiinvo un- successl'ul, tlcv will, at !• ;ist, re\eal in v. ii llie sub- ,v.;^i^,.s to '*at and prepares for its last moulting. It I stances on whieii it do"s lu-t ii-- I. — an itom (/f uo lit- di'lci.'ts au appropria,te phiee, where it spins il< w»b, , tl-' im])orta!e;e. J5u: if th<' kind ol' iood it re-juires lie makes its cocoon, rcjtoses for a few days, and Hnally | ascertained, you can then furni.'-!i sin a'l« <|uate diily casts oif its larval skin [\}V the basttimt'; alter which \ supply for its re |uirements till its lull grown is at- its ferm is so essentially diif«i'ent from what it haditainel; eJter whicli It comob te> ii.'i mei;miorjih(;ses, nreviouslv bcvui, that it would not be recogoi-ed as ^ and you will ha'.ethe gruti!h-atii.;n ol .scfin-- ti;.- pcr- tjie same ins(M;t, by one noi conversant with these j fc/t insi ct. ^\g.iin, you ol'itai ictice on vegi table pro- tr:in.-t"»rn.at;ons. j ductioiis a great variety <»i" lar's.e difl'-ritci; es-;t«iuiully It is now in its seecmd state of exist'Mi'c, and is no \ in their I'orm, eojor, and geioail a^pet-r. .\iev by cn. In its pujial poriod ; niorphi'Sed into bectli-s, some Init mo;i)> orbiittrr- of existence, wher. the metamorphosis is cemplete, i Hies, and >ome into iiisecl.s belongin;r l«' tlie varinu* the insect is rpiiescent, and takes no fooii. In this : other orders. .Many in-'-cts, alter con)p!"iing their form, resoml'liuir in some measure a mummv sv.ath- larval existence, alwavs lairrow in tie- grnutai to iln- v'\ in its .'enMiients, it remains Ibr wcek< <»r months, ; ish tiieir transf -i-eiations. in suupa case or shell, ami :tssum<»s its sary to ]>lac" an inch or two of earth in toe boiKan fmal coniiguratioM. ! of the glass ve>sol: and If this ]irer.'.uiion be not It is now ttu-m mI an hno'jo or P<'rJ'' and its linal niet-.nnojphoviN. 'j ho ^^o^lo^ v «u njo-t witti Anp'MKle.ges, including the sexual, wlrch were bri'ore in plum< isot this de<( riplion. If,wiup. li:I!y grc.v.ri, either absent or in a state of imiierfect development, voii c<>nhne it in the wav and under tic (. ndilion? sn yon Mill b:.v(» an oj- And allhough still the sjime insect, its form and g' n- ; p irtunity of s'-elng a .^mail )>telle wiiieh you have eral aspect are so materially altered, that it no long- : often In^ird of, thniinh probably you ha', e \i< wi- seen er retains a vestioro of its former identitv.f Several orders of insects (Orthoptera. Ib'miptera, l)elbr< the far-lamed and desfrueii\<' (oiculio or rium-weovil I lihyncho'iius n umr^har). Ihit ti;" worm, and 3eme of the Neuroptera) never jiass through the j so C(jmmo]d\ met with in th" ajipleand pear, is eapa- transiormations now described aTul whieh a];plj chief-, ble of completing its nn- ;imorphos» s wlthor.: burrow- 1/ to the butterllies ami moths, ( Lepidop.tera.) \ev- ' ing in the ground. It is unneees.vary. thorefore. !>» <'rthel(«s«5, they also undergo certain changes which ! place earth in tlie b tt b-.u- ii! e' i r lr;s .simllltudw to that of the perfect insect. T';is is tjir case with irrasshopp.'rji^ cockroaches, the cicada', «icc. The ru- diments (d* tie' wings are f 'r(e])tible soon after the confined. The mouth of the v «•• 1, iiowc. er, in thi>« case, should be secured v.iih a g!a>s .^t^pper; for T cork be Used for this puriiose, the woim s^ill readilv liberate itself fn^tu its captivity, ly ( ut:!iig iis w.iy t!irou«di it. When it tire Is oscatie imru'aa state, and eventually is metamorjthoscti int(<;ii t ijn.w't is; piiImiI m \ . i>i?.1i i. 1i:,.1i i. >i.i.<.oiw,ri.ic w oil r).i. codllm'' iiietli ( ( 'arpocapsa pomomdia) fo often s< • n sporting and hovering around the light in our man- sions on summer evenings. All of you, I tru'-^t. will e!nl,>rae<' every oj^porturdty (.f ituttimi into practice th(» iilan now designated. msect is called a .\\inph, v. Inch corresponds with tin l*upa (d' other (U'dnrs. Tiie third moulting terminates the iinal changf\ and the XvM]di beconn^s an imago. J nose insects that undergo this incom]dete metamor- phosis, are, in all their stages, capable of locomotion. \ L?i.)wledgc of the various transformations, we u.ive now been considerin;r, will enable voii to cm- fXage in many curious and interesting entomological invosticration.^, by whi'ch vou will obtain much iirac- '•••al information. For instance, vou oeeasionallv ni'l, on your fruit trees, plants or veg(^tables, clus- ters of small e'j:irs, and vou are probablv anxious to now by wliat insects they wer(^ deposlt^^d. This can rea|)aratus can sub- gist on solid food; nor can those with a manducatory Dioulh liv(^ on li(|uids. If, then, you observe a])lant, tli(! leav(!s of wiiich have been much eattm, and you find on it insects with a haustcdlate mouth, vou havi^ in their oral structure, con(dusivc (nidcucc t|i;i( these iuii(5c^(;s did not commit the depredation on iJn' foliH_C!;e. One of the most i inai knlh' j>eculi:iritles of inscct- llfc is their mo(le of breaiiiiii;:. In ih^'in, \\\r ri!!i<'- tion ol" rcsj)iratiou is pcrliirnM.! f\ un (ir;.';::iii' in t!il' furin^r in its ;irran«, air-tubes or root oi'the branchia\ and ramil'y in ;ill diriM-tions, thus iurnishiuL!; to th" blood the oxygen it requires for the support (d' lii'e. In reirard to tlie Senses, there are stron;>; grounds for bcdicvin;: tliat iinects jiossess them all : though that can, with ce;-taii;t\. b«' re- believed that insects Avcre destitute of a urmiester, and others. A heart, in all respects analogous to tlnit of the higher O'durs of aiii nulls, it is true, they do not j)0ssess. xVevcrthdcsi this name lias been applied to a longitudinal tul.. consisting of }i congenies of chambers, and exteuiliri" the whole length of the bo- loi-les^. y"ll'e,vidi, ov of a, greenish tint. Nor it ii
  • of tlie ';\ I I i' i;"ri nfih- IiearL-chanibe: -, ii i ) ropt-lhd IuIm' [<\ ihe head, wli'r • ii j- pourci! out. rind i'oiT' d, liv the i'i.s' it /'';/", intn tliecrevic? and interstices of every lan ^i ;!i.' b.idy, |MMi-tratiiu' even the legs, wing^;, and a:i!i nine. After nnitir.- live iniei s tliat transude through tl.» I iv a •iy:ht is th<' only one ferred !>» a |i w: \<-\\ lar ' m-l" m. however, lav ";• t lie njiioii ^n. with the nul: pari'tes of the intestinal can:;], n is a'ram (irawn into the dorsal chambers or reservoirs Ijv their ex- ])ansion. Th*' :iir-tubes extend tlnir multitudiuoai ramification- in all directions thruugli this fluid, and convey to it, .L— ai Inne already b" eninformf'd.tlifSU|- ]dyof oxygen so necessary totheexistenceoftheinsbtl. The digestive system of injects does not prescni any (diaracteristic peculiarlti»vs recpiiring special m- tice. In them its poAver is commen-urate with th' ir vonnity. Many herbaceous substances that arc pel- soinous to other animals, are devoured l)y s»>nie ef the herbivorous insects with impunity. Not only if every ]dant subject to their attacks, but each jiartef it becomes tie- favorite food of om^ t-r more trilit;8.— AVhile some subsist entirely (»n the root, the apr^mpr'- ate arunent of others is tlie blossom, fruit, stx-d, h af. bud, ]»ith, bark, all)uiii.n, or (yvn liic s(did weed it- stdf. Of those that obtain their nourishment f r» m the foliai!;c, som ' onlv extract its iuices, as the Idatit- Lous.e, and Hessian Tly ; others eat the parenchym:i alone, tis the mining caterpillar: not a feu prefer hit under ^al^flee, ay li:e I al' ]•■ Ii. i-.- ; many select tl«^ up]»er suri:ice, as the slug; whi!.' ih" cat' ipillars »f \ ariou.s con'?iderati"ns. i niost ofilio butterdics and nealis eat tlie wladcleiif entte/taiu'i! b ' inanv en- tomologist.-. ih;i! t'.ie iug — the palpi ol anienna' are the or;ianf> ol hear my-,. thet on^m "fta.ste — iu\'] \ mucous or living m aul)rane of the trachea ■ of -in,!]', no. 'J'he Kyes of insects diifer iV^ni ihoso <>;' nih.p .mi- mals in their immobility. Th(> . are (d' two do.-crij>- tions, simple and composite. The c(.)mposit(^ eye is placed on ea( h side of the head ; and though ap])a- rcntly a single organ, it is com|)osed of a great luim- ber t la- meta) arcV generally three in number, of -niall size, liemispheritail in form, and placed triangularly on the crown of i\\o head. The <\yes (d' larva' are simple (vcelli arranged in groups. Sim]*le as well as compo- »it.e eves are usually met \\ilh in insects in their Yrin2:('f tliose tint (.htain their ii-<«d iVtmi ti^u ers, som*' sub is t t'U the petals, o tin I's en ilie pell. 11. a, nil a ft a! gTi ate;- nunrser en tlie heiie\ in ih ' iieeta:'iiies. A\a- tlifir t raiisi" ■raia'/aais, a clia;,:'' of iixid genorallj tleU'.rli not in\ariahl\ be.-oin.'s n-ee-sarv. The <■"''' erpillir. Ike mangel, and the enib, rMpiire. usually a vi>. take ne food whateyer; .•^urh arc itie day-tiH*- (lienierebii 1, the caddice-tlies (^ riiryganca'), and t.^« maydlies (Jlplnaninx}). The amount of food consumed by insects is alnie^t incredible; conse<(uently the iniurv dene b^ thoni t«' \egetatioTi, nin-i ai tines be exceedingU grea(. A'ou ai-e all ramiliar \\ ith ilie ajijialling account? of the devastation eennnitted by tlie f.octisf^ of [^** r.iist. Occurring, as thoy often do, in clouddiH swarms so dense as to obscure the liglit of the sun,'* is not surprising that they should, in so short a ]>erioo. destroy every vestige of vegetation where they ali^^- and that their course should frequently be foUowe * Not the common house-fly. i \ k 1R52.] OUR rOULTRY YARD r> < ^11 by famine and pestilence. ^ Fortunat(dy for us, this | lies in a nut shell. Where a large' number Is ker.t insect-scourge has never visited our western hemi-fiw, .in,r.,.r.f..ro • i r i .i i- i • . , ^ sphere. J5elonging, however, to a closely allied fam- : , ''"''"* ''^ animal food they find ,n the barn yard, ily idthe same Ortln.pterous order are the grasshop- ' '^ wholly insufficient to make them good layers. pcrs, many varieties of whiidi are common tIanageineia of l''(i\\ Is. .Mk. hniTou.— Since evei-ythin-- e.aiiiected m iili the jariiiing inter.'^t, ?-i;_diti"iil!y elaim- a place in tic Journal, {'< lanlt nie f. oll'er ;i few suggestion- in i- I.i- tieii te the iiianau-ment ef p mh vy, belicviu'*- it to Ix; a branch ef il-nie^tie a;:rii iiliure entitle*! to greater attention lliaii it gene'r.lly receives. Many hirmers kec]. a large number of fowl? run- ning at large, paying little or no attenti(m to them, presuming that food sufhcicnt for them vn ill be found and hence the necessity of supplying the deficiency. This can be done by giving them a small (piantity id* meat. The olfal from tiie table should always, in- stead of being thr(»wn into the slop barrel and given to the pigs, be thrown to the chickens, 'f le y will devour it readily. When the (piantitv ^A' ^laip. i^ nni large, a little ir--h meat shouhrne lhre^su to them occasieiialh . iMii-in-- the ni-iiltlng seaseri iliey d^aihl h^- parti- culaia_\ \\>il le.h and cianf'i-tahle shelter pr.>\ id-d h a- tleaii. The t'ood should a!-, he \arl-d --new h;it. as chickens love a ■ haiige oca-haiaoy. If f w N ;ire neglected through the moulting season, /'dniin- v. hieii time they always cease laying) they rarely e .mnn nee laying again before the spring niontiis, when eggs are ibout the barn, or in t!ie fields adjoining it. The ! P* The object of the farmer should be to keep result, as a matter of course, is, that they are unpro- : ^^^P ^^i-*^ fowls laying thrMii-!, t!ie Nsint. rni aitii- wh. n litahle stock. Others anain keep comparatively few, r^^^ oominan-l a good price. which are kept in a yard, well fed, and cared for, By pursuing this plan, ehiekens will -.nerally lay and during the season when they could damage crops during the whole of the winter niontlis, and prove not permitted to range at large. Facts prove that ' profitable ; and a small number well fed will be the smaller, but better fed stock is the most pro- litahle. Now the whole secret of making fowls profitable more valuable, than a larger numiMr hadlv k ^* »^ MR. d. WlSTAbS r:l^\Y GA.MK InW LS. THE (1 A Mr rowL. I of the race-horse as compared with the scrub. — deli- l all the varieties of Domestic Fowls, except, per- cate and very nutri(dou8 ; but the extreme difficulty |<>'p-'<, the fSmooth-legged Bantam, the Game Fowl is of rearing the Chickens, owing to their natural ]>ug- 342 OUU POULTRY YAKR fFEnRUAllT, --.*ewjrw t^vvrrv::; Icat individuals ; the rival couples moping in cornors, and rencwinrr their battles on obtainirg the first ray of liliht.'^ The game Eggs are rather smaller than common, but finely-shaped and ('xtiviu.ly r.'-h =n_..l delicate. The weight ot this l'..wl is fn>iu o, to o, lbs thouo-hl have heard of 8 lbs., and my friend, Wm. AVistar, Esq., near Germantmvn, assures me that he has a Game Cock, thon.ugh-brrd, that now xs-eiehs Dl lbs. The practice of lighting Cocks is sup- Tupposed to be of (h-cn .ian origin. It was adopted by the Kcmians about 470 years before tlu^ Chnstiari (Ta. ''There are evidently two varieties ol the (.aine Fowl if not more. (Assuredly.) The first nrea- wlouailv seni iu the vanl of the fanner, is a bird over Z avera-e si'/e, and rather lu.ivily formed ; rather ioo much" omb ; breast quite bla<-k ; neck, back and winffs of '.i vrv ^I'^'^P ^'' back. Th.'V ar(> hardy littl.) things and easy to n^xxv.— Dixon tf- Kerr's OrivunrnUd and l)oiii('Htic roidtry. W i r**^-^'^ --*<*^ Mil. WISTAll'S SEABUIGIIT 15ANTAMS. Tin: SMOOTH-LEGGED BANTAM. The small AVhit(% and also the c(doured Bantams, ^vhormaiitown, and were procured for him by a friend in England.— Th'^y are, as may bo seen in the portraits, b< autifully marked ; the ground of the feathers being a rich or- ange bi own or cream-colour, and eatdi feather pencil- led round the edge with black, witli the greatest uni- formity. They are sometimes called the " Sebright Fowl." They are bred in and about London, also in yarious parts of England and Ireland, with the niost scrupulous care. In London Uicre are stated times l^^.-'-^.l OUR POULTRY YARD. n \ i 343 ■JWJ^— -^ ' — WWi< bftronet's stock ; I liave no doubt, ])ut under their fos- tering care, the ] treed will jjo k(^pt U)) with as much wdor as during the lifetime of the great poultrv-pa- tron Sir John, and that we will be breeding them, as in the baronet's lifetime, "to a singh* fcutTier," and retain their character of the ''prettiest of domestic birds." The male birds should stand about tw(dve inches high : the standard weight being twenty-two ounces; the plumage* as abovedeseribed, (the ruse coDib is preferred ;) the wattles are moderatelv long- face and throat bare; no top-knot ur ruff on neck; as \-^ ! U'QQ as possible from hackle ; tail without the phime. or what is called hen-tailed ; porfiMtly clean-legged." — Dixon (('• Krr/s (h'Jianir/ifa/ and /)oi/ir.sfir Ponltrfi. THK SPA\GLI,1) UAMl;l KG ]Y)WL. This beautful variety is distinguishc^d from other members of the same family, bv their large top-knot*" being c(.loured inst»>ad (»f white, and the black and et»nspitin)us muflle or rutf on the throat and under the beak. There are two kinds, the gol.lcn and sil- ver spangled : the ground of the feathers k}{ the f-ol- for the exhibition anr th.- exhibition, an.l \^^^) bid himself; and ])ut on a pndiibitory amount of juir- chase-m(m«n'. It is on record that Sir dohn hi. I up one of his diminuliNe liens to CIW and b.mght icr in at that price. An.l it is rec.r.hM m tlie illu^U^^- ied London AV^r.^, of llOth F(d)ruary, ISlT, that so late as that date, two Ib^is and a Cock, of these beauti- ful emblems of ])ride and consequence, sold tor t-'V and Is., being a shilling m«>re than the auMunt put \m them bv their owner. At the sale of the late hv ment.Ml baronet, the gohini grounde-l birds averagea ' C> a brace, and the silv.T spangled CS a brace ; a- though they are bee.>ming i-..mparativcl_N ahuii'lant, thev'still kt>ep up a hiirh ].rice in the Lmi.h.n market, if well marked. Th.>re has 1 n lately nlfere.l henN some fine syxM-imens, from Sir d(.hn's own sto<'k. at . verv low figure. I do nnt think any thinL' couicimen> oi '"^^V/^l an. f silver spanghM. from this neighborhood^; i sne still retain them, 1 think she may challenj^e Lnglaua. as far as 1 can judge, they are quite superior to tlio.t that took the prize in London. Some ladies in Q"<^^ ' County, have procured fine specimens from the law- ^.'^ TlAMBlTj; roM [. don spangled being a rich y^'lh-w, appTi^aehini; t<. an orange-red, with bla(>k spots or spangles. Thesihor spanL:;le(Uliffers from th.> preceding, bv the grMiin.l nf tiie feathers being silvery whii.\ The comb, as in other highly crested I'owiv;, is .juite >ma]l ; t!ie \sat- tles are also diminutive ; legs g»ii. 'rally Mu.> ; ^.kin and flesh white : Kggs ;i nKMl.M-atesize. hiit a! untlant ; Chickens easily rear*-.!, h, an. I ah-Mit \r\v Ynrk, a few years since, this Fowl ah.'UiehMl— botii th.'-nl.h-n ttnd silver varieties. Tie y may \V(Mi:h, say. tin-.,, and a half pounds, fbr th«^ frmahC an.l fV(.m' four aiMJ a half to five an.l a half f.-r (!i/ mah'. 'i'he Cock >tan.N niore iliaii iwriity inehcs high, an.l tli.' lien al>..iit eighteen inchoii^.— Dixon aiii]i!\ i''i:iurie- ratc'l. Ir is \ |»..\vev to fix the gases essential to the liie of plani-, and ni\ own experience satisfies me tliat it cnji b<' applied \\>r tliis purpose in no way more beneticiaP.v ilian a^ aljove stated. I am led to think that stable manure will rot nnu h sooner when plaster is mixed with it, and. that as ii fixes the ammonia, a load of it is far nmiv vahiaM. than where it is left exposed to the action of the sun and rain. '^' ^- ^^err. Straaburg, Lancaster ro., Jan. 5, 18;V2. For the Farm Joi.irnul. The cliirnit\ (tf Ui1)(»r. vating and gathering the fruits, rearing the animaU and investigating su])jects ccmnected with such em- ph)ymentM, has higher (daitn to respect, if with it he connects that degree of intelligence whieh his suc- cess and advancement as an intelligent being du- mand. A 1. lighter day is dawning on the Agricultural in- ter(\sts of our country. Chemistry is throwing new and lirilliani lays into the secret operations of nature and. is there unfoldiu'j; tlif w a:i!< < I" tli^' plant and tho soils') plainly, that he ^vilo reads may understaiul, and tlie enriehed earth in convispien,-- i< pomintr out j her increased treasures into the granaries of ilio hii^handiMa.n. I'racta-al seieiiee ha> b'M'oiue a need of tla; fanner and a pa.rt of his hn^ine--^ Th'- ii:!iiro\ cinents and dev.do]»nients coiiM.intlv eoniing to light, and given ;o the pnolie, must aiel will l;a\e their effect. I'eace, rienty and ( 'oiitontnient are in his abodo, cvrn wh(Mi discordant eicincnl.s may be all around liim. I iie .loniesLie tie^ streni^-then and the best af- frrihais are culti\al<-d away \vi^u\ the noise and tur- nil >ll ' d lite. 'lliere is time and pbico also for calm thought, and intellectual improvement wliich gives dignity to tlio character and will inevitably command tlie hi^luKt respect of mankind. 1^- ^J- -^^ CJiiff'naiiiin^ X. )'.. 1852. For the Farm Journal. Mij. r.nriou: 1 t.dxc tlio liberty of in(iuirin;r, through the medium of your \aiua])h* douriuil, the hest mode of , can gi\e m.' -. me inl' •'■iiiation on thi> sohjert, vou will mneh (ddige vuur inenu, \\ . 11, ./ riiiladdphia Subscriber. Fhiladclpliia, Jan. 'J". 1 vV2. For the Farm Journal. Mr. Kditor : — Can you, or any of yonr suhscri- berK, inform ni • how 1 can uhMin the Ihi^h Cranher- rv, and abo the Ihirherry ? ii any one having them. or either of thei-i. Would he so l-ind a ; to send me h 1 hon^r the man of achievement! If matters not whether his employment be that of ih- hands or of the head, he of all others has my respect and venera- tion. He who regards labor as ennobiinL^ and eleva'm:. is the man who will earn rr-^pect and -a.in^ ii. when the pride of the weak-r and moiv indoha-.t h:is heeii like a strong (diain hindin- the faiailiirv and]M.wer^, and dragging him d.^wnward into (d)od a.^ .I i.l.nnar.n hv whllM mi.ht obtain them, 1 noble! Then who would not be a labcn.r, a u h J ^ ^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^.^ ^^.^^^^^^^ in silent scorn the being who m Ins lota thomjld ^nou u ^ j may consider it servile or degrading to wield a manly strength in the useful and hcmorable aehievements and occupations of life. It has been said, and that most truthfully, that '* Agricultural labor has the sympathies of the uni- vcrs'al conscience of mankind. It is indeed co-oper- ating with Nature in the most interesting, because most useful parts of her work ; and who like the 1 February, 1852. J J //■{sJil !'/'>/, 1 'T/,' llespcctfully yours, I h on in boSTER. /v.., J, in. 'Jn. 1>:>'J. 1852] cn\\\]rNir\T]n\: p>\ tee th Office of the Pa. State Agricultural Sncidy, | llarri-bnrL^, -Tannary 29, 1852. ) There will be a meeting of the Executive Comnut- e of the I'ennsylvania 8tate Agricultural Society, at eir ofiice, in llarrisburg, on Thursday, the 2bth t'l farmer sowing the seed, reaping the harvests, culti By order of the President, RoBT. C. Walker, Secretary. I iN)r the Farm Journal. +],n ^ht.!, ,-»..! i • i^i , , *• .^ • . ^"' ''^rn yard (hiring the summer. Seventv-five e-irt J.aercstinjr lixpcrnncnts. Ii i ,• , ' < >» my im( can ^, ,, T , ., , , i '^'^"^'^ ^^•-i*ea])phed to about five acres of sod .^ronnd Mr. Kditor:— 1 send you below a sliortcliapter of 1 wlii(li WIS nln.te.l wWi. ^ .».,. 'v\ . r ' I '""* " W''^ )'iaiit(Mi ^^ltJl C(^rn. J lie corn ercn was niv exTxTience in iarmmo:. i .,]...iif ii,,.,i j >i r • • ,. . i. ^ . , ? , , , . ' ^^^"'"^ douhhMl, I presume, in virtue of the manure S)me years ago, wishing to hasten the improve- Vt the nronpr t;,,,.. 1 1, . .,. . r , . ^ ,, , , , ^ ^ . ' '^'^ ^"' P*"P'r time the crop o( corn was rem(.V(Nl and mentof my land by extraneous manuring, and not .hoeked un a strip of sos hoed .'if-the «rn,und plowed and hy e.Kperiments. The first one was in plowing down partly manured a-ain, ami the whole Kowed with about three acres (,f oats after it was in head, and Medifrranean wheat. The result was a verv heavv al>out tlie time it began to change color. The ground | ernp where the land had re.ei^ t ,, .vend -n nljc.; was sown w-ith whea, ahm^ with tie- reM .f th. fiojd, ti-m ..fn, nnir.. and a ^, r.li^^htone N.h.r " ' all of it having been manured alik'' fi-i'in the vard. There was 11 > )>orc.-i,;lhl,. ditforencc in :a\oi !'f ! • lia- el one not. I eaeiiMi v^x V h, ih.-r th-re was a loss or gain in ihi. tnal. Ibii ther. nre .lillicnhi.vs in the way oi applv , .1 .1 I -III . ^'" '" "" *^'*> ...•. e i • . , . ' ,-,oj-. , .IIP,- , . ■■ , . '^^^^'^^'^ P^^^'^^t 'f <'"<'"^ h.'ing reeeived into eommon ^v!t!l a \i,\v of scM'iiring tlie same grouii-l ,, ,,. i^m. that eannot well be overeome, and will. 1 pi- uiao. plied 24t> bushels of lime, and sixty-six tliree-horse cart loads of stable manure . Thy grown ! was ]»re- pared and the buckwheat sown sonnUime in dune. — It <:^ro\v finely, and when in full bio ni. and much of it from four to live ii'ct high, I drew the harrow over it in tin.' direction that 1 wished to plow: w,- followed witli Wiley's iron plow. No. 70, w hicii, hv the bv, is admirably calculated for that kind of work. "While plowing it down, an aged nein-lilx^r, whose knoAvled'n' was drawn from observation and experience, assured me that it would not answer: that there was no -ood m It applied in thai way. il.>wever, I Avi^hed to fry and .see for myself. I therefore finished the ioh and favor. Hauling out and spre;idinnr would occur at a very busy pcrio.l. Tlic ground is generally too soft to haul over, and the manure mindi heavier than it i- in autumn. Bi'sides that, it make^ a very heavy job in the fall, and must necessarily be don«^ in a hurrv. as the wheat should be sown about tiie time that tho corn is fit to remove from the ground. Anv consid- erable delay at that tim.' from wet weather or anv other cause, wouKl generally be fatal to the wheat crop following. I have generally town tdover with oats and plowed it down the following year fi)r wheat, applying the f..wo,l i, ut tl.0 us,u.l ,i,„o with wheat. The anpe:.r- ' 'T'^'! '"T"' 'l' "",' """" '"''' "'""''" ^"^T '" "^''" anee .,f the eron was never nr„n,i,in.. n,„i ,.,.l„U.,l •''"""'- ''""" """ '^"'''- '^■'"- =>I'I"''^"^^ '* '"^ ^"' "'1- vantage to the wheat, but there are sometimes diffi- culties in getting it plowed at 'he pn.per timt> on ac- count (d 'dry weather. I am not sure that the gain in thewh«\at will compensate f(U- the additioi.al ir u- ble an 1 jnil t! !oss of the land, for it in not ]»est <:en- ance nf the crop was nev(*r promising, and resulted in a deci5, and hanh'd it up in ;K« ^\in^•v -n part "fa .^^od field that I int-aeh d fbr c(.rii. '1 he dust was JTi-ead in the spring, and the v. hole field limed at the tame time with from fifty to sixty bushels of lime I'cr aore. I guessed that the lime might neutralize the acidify contained, and easily detected in the saw ^iist. It was all plowed down together, and the .unround j>lanted with corn. Shortly after it canio up. tliat part growing over the saw dust assumed a yvl- I'Av color, compared with the rest, and never grew so ^^•dl. The result of this experiment was a loss of at l«'ust one-third of the crop on the dusted portion, which contained about seven acres. 1 be next experimt>nt was in hauling out barnyard crally to pasture it the same season alter the oats has been lemoved. So far as mv e.xnerience '^oes there seems to be but little um' in jdowing down anvthing as food for crops, except stable manur(\ and that I appndiend h:id better be left on t<>i). If tlunii reallv is anything lost by evaporation from exposure, 1 have b 'cn unable, in a practice of more th.an twenty years, to disc(»ver it. (hi the contrarv, manure so aj)plied, has invariably done the best for me. If we can secure the solid and liquid parts of th<^ ma- nure, we can, T think, afford to b-t the gasses go for the beneiit of the world at large. A A" \\ . Cuthriiville, Chester co. Ai)i r^TEa.vTF.i) Tk\ is becoming more common ere- mit, !,>..> • *i ' • r .1 " •• ,1 ". • rv dav. There is scarcely a pound (.f "-ood tea td be m.nmn^ ni the si>ring of the year— a tJiing that is / T • . , , .\ . ' ^ ' i i' '«- w ne rarelv .1. r... 1 i 7 i ^ •. i c 7 i r f'^^^d : if i"* Jidulterated first in China, and then il run i\ (i.,ne hereabouts, unless it be a few loads fi)r * ]>otatoe8. I had seen it recommended some vhcre on the authority of a distinguished farmer of New York, tliat manure so applied was worth as much to the sue- ^ 'ioeding or second crop, as if it had been left lay in ney— and died." undergoes a finishing ]>rocess when it comes here. Ei'iTATMi ov A Rich M.vn.— " He lired— made mc- ! 5 . '.r-iJI 346 TTOUTTCITLTURAL. fFEURUAKY, i. .flw**-** "tW**.* 'A ^-^,viK ^' (lavtuultural Ocpartnicut. ties. Many like to sec a variety of colors, forms and flavors on the same dish, ami choose to sip of this, and then of that, and there is no reason why this tasto may not be iTnlnlioil. To hocrin \yitli Spring]; — who would not rejoice to have the benelit of a sup{»ly of refreshin*:;, cooling, astrinj];ent cherries, diirin*^ tlw firj^t heats of summer, and whu wouM prefer to wait for the latest, or having enjoyed dn' earliest would havy none of the latest? AVho would not choose to havo scjme acid eiior.'^di to stew, as well as some to eat from the tree ; and wli'i lual ha- room to i!'row tlien; ^v((u]'l object to having two or three sorts glowlnL:; and lau'diin'T from the tree iit one time ? l>e>Id(!S that, i;i this case, there is a trijile rliance fur an annual .-^up- ])ly •'(' o/^■ sort, i{" not <»i' all. As to citrrriis tlien ; on aecount of llie transient na- For the I'arm Jenrnal Tlu' ('irrle of bruits. A few years since. Nursery catalogues v.. re gor< r lea>t, 12 ditlerent sort^ set before him '' whence to choose." PtiMic i^^ten- ^^^.^^^j^^^^ .^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ,..^,^^ th,. last of May till Aii- tion was called to this evil, and so well was it shown • ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^,j^^^^ ^^^^^^^ .^^.^ .^^j j^^ bearing, the posses- up, that as a consequence, we have now the oihtr ex- , ^^^ ^^.j,j j.^^.,^,,,. .^y^ ^^, ^|^,^ y^^^ ^^^j,,,.. ^.-^^j^ ^j^.^^^ ^^^-^^^ treme :—o«r thinks half a dozen sorts quite enough, , ^^^^^. ^^^^. ^^j. .j^^^,],., ^„.,^^ yAnm<, wlii.h extend find anothar avers that there are not many more iirst i ^^[^^, .^ longer season and have greater divu-rsity of rate varieties of any fruit (pears for example) known ^.^^.^j. .^,^j"(^f ^^^s, a still greater variety will be de- to proni(dogists. An old g<'ntleman remarked in my ^^.^,1^1^.^^ hearing the other day, that he could not see any use j^ requires some skill and care to select a suit of In planting more than three or four sorts, some f.r ^ ,i,.i,.f„,. ;n,i;^.-„,i,sly,(M. Inao inustconsulthisownpre- aummer, and some for winter. This man has no idea | ^'.^.^.i^^.,.., Vor eevta':n qualiiios ol'le lraits,and cliuoso of over-indulging himself evidently, his appearance j ^j,^gg j^.p^pf,,,} in hardiness to his location. Thea^' li- able fruit. A Iri. iid renuirkctl tlte (,iher dav tliat he felt a want in the evenings whieh he ei)uld not for g.mie time account for. He missed his ev(Mnng dish of apples, and the loss aft'ecting hi- dig'' -t ion. rend- ered him uucomU)rtable de.rinj,- the dav. One (d tli" Buahliuij, Ike. 20, 1851. W. l^>r tlif F;ir:ii J 'urnal. C^)()sc])eT ry- Mil. IjiiTxii :- -Soni" V(\irs sine, • I saw an artlcl- in some puldieation, hi»\v to treat g(^os(di -ry hiisli^* to ])roenre large and line i'ruit. Jlaving tried niarv oldest and ablest physicians of our county says that , ditiVa-ui plan^. hui always without success, I natii- Rpples and abstinence have been the only medicines , vally had very Utile faith in this new recommonda- be has used himself for many years. | tion. Last spring, however, I made trial and the rr- It is natural to man to desire rhawjc. Variety is I suit, 1 nmst confess, disappointi^d my expectationi the spice of life. There are iiuudrou. .d' paiaLahie , most agprahlv. 1 had lar,-:^ and iiie' fruit, free from flavors of fish, flesh, fowl and vegetable, hut llo^re is \ mildew. Though 1 had heeu cultivating the goo?t>- not one among them, nor any half dozen to which berry f.)r more than twenty years, I never succeedjM wc would be wholly conflned. Much more, and more iafely may we partake of every fruit " pleasant to the eye, and good for food," their flavors are mingled by the hand of Nature, and the more acceptalde to tlie palate, the more wh desomo they are. Only un- ripe, unscasona})le fruits, are injurious, in the free and constant use of others there is no danger of excess. But how to have a constant supply. Summer fruits lire transient. Many desirable kinds last but a few in procuring the fruit Hnm^ from the mildew. 1'*^ plan simply is, to transplant the lusher every spring. It ought to be done early, as the gooseberry is onfl of the earliest growers, and the ground should W made rich. In a year or two the roots become mii^' ted together, and the plants can bo lifted with a hai^ of earth, attached to the roots, the sam« as if taken out of a pot. Whether this pla» will continue t^> succeed, I am not at present prepared to say, from ft days, and we must accept these or go without for a I single year's trial, yet it is sufficiently encouraging time, deprived of the relish of their peculiar quali- ' to persevere in the same course. If any of your rea i I 18')2.1 nORTICULTUllAL SOCIETIES. 317 L'M "m wM'ir WW (Ts have ""ooseberry bushes (and no douljt there are orciiid and C'y7>r/;>r^//»7/i rr/.hicl. is an..uully dest.-oyod by ! '"'t ''""•'^cs- And threo boquet« from uth..r sources. '"^ -^ , , 1 r r^i Of fruits, there were dishes of Pears, the '*.\des va- inildew, I would suggest tnat tn.y take a few (d them ^.j^^^^. ^.^^^^^^ y^y y |>,^^^j^ . ^j^^, -..^ster beurre" from H. ou trial this spring, and report the result fur the W.S. Cleveland, and a winter IVar fr-'fn \. Loit, Kea- Journal T will give the result of my experiment I ding. Pa. Of Apph\s, the " north-rn >py " IVom • .; J i> Garher. ' '^- '^' Thomas, Maeedon, N. Y., and the "Keim " vari- ,7, ,7 19/7 10-0 ; ety from 0.'Kes.(iiditures: aiidl»\ uhi« h it appears From tho kind of stalks .serve.l uj. I0 l^itt-hnr-h there ar^' n- -w ujeN ;,rd- -f umi." huiidr-l a!id iifty fible^ and nilh'd •• a^paraLOi-."' -n-' wnuld n;ilui-allv v. luno-^ on a pprMpnat- hiLumIs. _ ; • , ,.,,„.. hid.' nur ..Mnloner^ never ivad. and s.. th.-re is no ^ The spivial cMnnnntr.. ,.m n.miinafo.ns suhuntt.-d a u>e tiikiu- to them- hut soniehodv wlio dors read, tiek.>t.d-nmr..rs t.. ho N.,t..dhu-at lh.-annua!ne-iing, and likes this exe.d'leut \egetahh\ mi-ht tak-the and a r.]-rr d.-e;,ntnii: lull v -i, th.- Mihj.rt -I t li- 1 r--- f,,ll ,l,,,„i to -alt thoir h.ds. A^para'^^us ido-it "> dei.aaniuat ion Im d-dm- a n-cU,>-li-u, ann-un- For the Furm Jo'irnal. i trouhl," n. f..!l them to -alt th.-ir h-d^. \-para-us i.lont > ^leLaaniuat io,m, . .i..,Mne- a n-cie>-U' .11 ai.iM .on f h.'ds never nouire wo..din- for there r a::n. .xnn --.inu^ re_a-t ih.Teat. and -ttm: ii^iinieh ^alt put nn tl.eiu a^ to kill e^ .rv Ne,n.tah|o torih hi- ni. rit .ri^u- -.'rM.- ai.d -!..u m- l h^- aO 1- exr.pt a-narao,.. I Ue w i- -houldall he killed ^antag.•^ !.■. t.v lii- lii-yrair^ . ha- PaeWT^d n. tho with salt- an. fih.n tho ..,il i< in proper <.rder. if ri,h eauscMd' I h .m.-iilture m this comui wMity: iiKewiseal- enou-h,tobeara-para::n^hk.'h..d,andl.-^. W. tin- hidln:: t^ 1 1„. r, Mir^. purMed hv i h-. Society , a, i>- .M)riiig put half a peck of >alt. and three or four pr .!u-r .xp.aiditur.- -d ncan^ 11, i:_- awarN. au'. an- iiichcs deep of w.dl rotted .-tahh- manure, ,a, a h-d ticipating a iiop- 1 hat a,, association s..u>.tu.may two feet and a half square. The stalks shoot up . yet become the recipients of donations and h.ra.M.s there alxmt as thi. k a^ an .rdinarv e ,ndle,— a dozen .. to enahh" it to establish what was originally out. la- uf them about everv tw., davs. Thev uiH nM bear , plated, a liotani^ C'lr.hn, .uding with a recomne n- inorethanA// n.inm..^- bailing: fifteen n du.-. th.an dation. that a committee h. :. pp.., nt-d to d-wse some to a pulp. Theasparagu- is mtindv !>.■.■ tr..ni that suitalde testimonial to Mr. U.pc m appreciation ot hitter pun.-ont taste whudi rescmhh^ ha.l .-alad; and , the good he has cjlected. las that delicious flavor peculiar to itself. A communication fnau L Lohinson ^cott ,^a^ ^ . read, the subject of his remarks was in ndation to Mr. Sr.vNoi.ER. — The above is taken from the ^}^^, award niade to him (d* premiums at the last /V/^.s7>?//-^ ^h.o gardemr t.) C. Cope ; for the best bo<|uet for the hand TT-^.,11 *. 1 • -.1 1 1 . 11 <.ri 1 to dames Bisset. <'"ardeiier to danu'S Ihiiidas ; for the would not adniir*^ it idaeed oimIi' tahlo ''hk' hoe- o> '''H"^ ^ ^'»' ^^^ r<'^* \^ . t 1 rii:^ , n M . . 1 r. T 1 r . 11 n best basket f.rmed of cut floW(>rs. to Joiui Idiis. liandles, instead of the kind (d stalk generally seen, | rpj,,. ^,,^,,^,,^5^^,,,, ,,|^,^,rved ui;l, mu. h ] k i-ure a tough as I'^ather liir- . d". urth- ..f th. ir 1.';, j-th'.'— fin,. tl.e>vrr of th • \dctoria re^ia, tV.an Mr. <.'(»pe*a Tile fact is, ::-paragu- i-a marine plant, niel natural- h..u>^.'-. \\\ t!;-' < '..lumittee on bru't^ : rh.»l)est lV'ar<. tic •■\i!.'-," t.. Wm. V. JVatit: Iv jxr o\\> n.';i!- till' s.'a--li. .re, \\ h.'re til'' -"il is.-tron;ilv iinpregnat^ed wiih -;;ilt. iiut wh.. .vcr before; plaerd "half a p''.l: ..f-alt. aiel thre.' ..r lour in ..fw 11 rotted stahh' manure .ai a h-.l tuoand a half feet square?" \\k 11, -h.> i^ generally right, and 1 intend to try her plan, and Avoiild advise you. Mr. IMItor, I' ■.!■ • r lie Th aua^. -! \ ., III.' ,N..rt' t'l d. d L'lie ^'-auinitf.'e n.-ti.'.'d a\'a-v Ln...d <]. ■'iiii. n o, I^^ar•. \'v<^u\ lhMliii_-..':ill d th.' V\ iiit- r I'.Mr.al-- the "K.'im" .\j.(d.', hoih uf goo.l lla\..r and v, ■ .rihy of att-nteai. Some specimens of ih.' Master Beuiic ii-'^ you are going into the gardening line, to experi- -wen^ exhibited, which were passed prime. ment on a part of your large bed, and give us the i ^.Hv the (\>mmittee (.11 N'egetables :— For the bc^^t resuh through the Journal. J. 1>. C • '1'n"'^'> ''.^ 'Z"''' ''"''' ^^^^^i';;!"'-- '' -'^^I'n '-^'I^^^^'^^^' ^ar.h ner to .\li^> (.rat/.. j m .m n^ I . -I v m i -. Rfxordinj Sc'rclary. rcnn^v 1\ :»?iri lloidlcuTf ural Socirf \ . ing was organized by calling -Mr. tolhe chair, and appoiiitig d. K. James P. Fulton and l>r. u. tiou fur ofiiccrb rt- The annual meet ^ The stated meeting of this Society was held in the ' d •'. \'and fnini ;:!ving it fntirc in the pi-cscnt number. Our Ollii'c. A Word to our friends. Willi the n^'xt inniib' I- eloses the first voluiiie of , . ^ . 4. M ... -..ni the Farm •inunia]. In ifn-o.-iicctini; the events of Those having business to transact v.itli tis ^Mli uici.nni i ,^ the y.nst ve;ir. \v<' camK-t re])r('ss a fechng ot honest please call at the Book Store of W. li.Spangler, in North (iueen street, Lancaster, wliere we or our re- presentative will at all times be in aUendance. To old subscribe is. Frequent inquiries have been made of us recently, whether old subscribers will be permitted to renew their subscriptions at club prices. As a general re thaiikiiiliiess f'T lie' v.tv roi-ilial and encouraginf: sup|)ort extendi'! to our iiiel'iaakin-. We entered th(^ lleM alne-t alone. All <-onnii. iidi ■! the enter- prise, but few had faith i)i it-^ nltimale success. All agreed ihaL l'enn>}l\ania iarner,- uu-hl lo support an a<^ricultural journal of their own, but few believed they would. Encouraged by a small number of con- ]>ly to these inquiries, we answer, mod as^suredlf/. — 1 lldent IVi -nd-. w t launched our craft, and trusted te Our terms now, are the same asformerl\, an^i w.' indulge the belief that not only shall w. i( tain our old friends, but that our clul) lists (with large addi- tions of new names) will bo renewed. the "H^nerositv aii 1. In-- wrecked. "With the issue of the first number came ip a hiends. The skies brightened. Wurd> ul' good cheer from good men encouraged onr hearts, and with each succeed- ing;- eifort h) win li'r ii an liMimraMe position amongst the ;i-ririiltin'al pfriodieals of oiii- CMuniry, came re- 1 iindt iiila »1 ( X! "ressiidi^ ct' fas'ii', until at 111 \vt(i aiei Baciv NuMiJERS.— We repeat the notice gi\i n in former numbers, that we can snpplv any or all ..1 the back nundi'T^ Mi" iIh" lir-t veri. nee is valuable, and every farmer in tlie State is com]->et(Mit to furnish something to enrich our colmnn>. We care not how plainly these articles may be written, as we ask not for polished essays, but for ]dnin facts. Give us the facts in your own language, and we will prepare them for publication. Valuable Farm for sale. — The attention of those desirous of purchasing Virginia lands, is directed to the advertisement of Mr. Boiling, of Petersburg, Va. who offers Sandy Point farm for sale. This is said to be a most valuable and desirable property. il> pennaneney. Aiodliev nninlM-r ehv>es (aii" ilrst volnnie and we a.>- snre oni- r.'a ItM's tha.t w<' shall entir np-n tlf' second with a hdpMdnl t In ai'.zh trmiMiim' ]\>av\. A ! housand \ai:nc lears beset us. lias tli • I'ami Journal mot the expectations of those wlio liave kindly aided i" giving it an existence ? Will the (efforts of those wb interestiMl th'^mselves in its beliall' wlien in its infancy and so essential to it< I'm nr^ prosperity. h(^ again pui forth, or will ila'v hr ndax'Ml.and we eompelled to strug- gle on with the elieerless prospect of a bare existeneo before us. < hirs has never been a desponding s})irit. We may not have succee< i"eel that we liave your aji|a-<-bali')n, and thuiugh we real- ize nothing more tl; m the Tnere expeTise^j of puhhea- tion, we shall have the c:onseiousness that tan- . iforis to huild n{) the character of ]'eiin-y1\ ania agriculture, if not profitable to ourselves, ma v lia\e In n so to others. riiUurc ef Hie T'|>!.-»nd Cranberry. A correspondent asks, ** whether the Cranberry may not ])e successfully cultivated on upland." The; practicaltility of growing the Cranberry on higii land has l)i>en satisfactorily shown, ])y the success whicli has attr'ude'd the effort wliorever properly made. In tho New Knghind States, great attention has been given to the sulject, and the result has settled the question beyond a doubt. "*^li-. Snllivan Bates of Bel- lingham, Massachusetts, gathered 4(»<) bu-leis from a single acre, and other cultivators have been ecpial- ly succesful, though we do not believe that t]iis(pian- tity is to be regarded as an average yield, nor iiukx'd is it necessary that it should be in order to render the culture of the upland Cranbery a matter of pro- fit. Cranberries command from S\,')i) to i*^3 per ])U- sheh and as those ti^rown > ii ni.Jand ari -aid I" 1)0 inueh larger than the Swamp Well adapted to enlinary jiarp^ h" :i decided advantag(! in < ihti\ating the tormer. The culture <>f the Crardx'rry is simple, and at tende(l with hut slight ex|)ense. A clay soil mixol n W(> have frecpiently seen the CranV)errv growin wild, but never under cultivation, and are compelled thercf )re to glean our information in regard t«) the proper mode (d' culture from other sources. We have how(»ver, nut the slightest douitt that they uill suc- eeed well on upland, and would be glad to see theni introduee(l into Penn\\'ii, l!s(p, of ^l "i;!)! .\i!-\. 1 Mi:l I I'lphia countv. liocklaii 1 i- !m ii!;:p- 'Ml • I'l' th- t'lnest animaL in the State, aii I \\'' li-| - to follow up ids portrait with oth- ers of a similar character. Fannino Mills. — Amon;^ the manv exctdlent Ag- ricultural implements exhibited at the State Fair, was a larcre varietv of Fannin;r MilK'. manufactured in in our own and the ailjoining States, emboilying all the recent improvements, 'i'he display was large, and no portion of the implement (hqtartment attract- ed so much attention. A fair :ind inqiartial trial was "■iven each, and resulted in the award of th(» first premium to Jesse lloberts, of Xorristown, M(»ntgom- erv countv, Va. This mill possesses manv exec Ih'ut qualities and attracted great atta- ders to "^1 • Ilobert's advertisement. Baml)or<>ugh's celebrated mills were als3 on exhi- bition, and were awarded a dijdonia, the committee considering them of almost e(pial excellence with •ri-, and e(pnillv i liobert's. The .Mi-ssrs. IhoutyA Ihirrett. A nnm- ])(M- (d'»»ther .MilN of high merit were (.n the ground, which the committee mentioneil a< worthy of j>raise. These were exhibited by AMiiinnui <•(: Co.. of Ihilti- ^ith a sufficient quantity of sand to prevent its ba-iinore; Montgomery & Bro., Lancaster: Lanidiear king, s.^ems best adapted to its growth. Any soil that 1"^ suitable for tho Strawberry will answer for the Lranherry, and as it is propagated both l)y runners and s<'cd, there is little difHculty in growing them, if a proper bogining is made. i ^ ^^^*^ land intended fur Cranberries should be plow- •^^J, and if a quantity of swamp muck is applied so much the better. It should then be tlioroughly har- ^ rowed, and the plants set out in drills from eighteen to twenty inches apart. Some hoeing will be neces- Kury the Jirsf season, after wliich they require no cultivation. A very rich soil is not necessary. Mr. ^ates contends that the soil should be so poor, that nothing will grow upon it to obstruct the growth of the Cranberry, and to accomplish this he recom- fnends tlio removal of the top soil. Si Jeifries, Lancaster : S. X. Lacy, Wyoming co. : C. Sihrciner, Cnmberland ci). : J. ndicl, Juniata, and L. Watkins, W ashingtuu county. Laxcasteh Countv Aoriciltir al SoriFTv. — The annual meeting of this society was Indd >«wj -^sir^ilo »»«.-*i. r». *■* H^^ijv Lessons III Mo Jem Farming, or A(jrlculture for Schools ; confainiwj scientific exercises for reeila- tion and cleijaiit extracts from rural titeraturc,for academic or family readinr/, hij Jler. J no. L. Blake, 1).I). M:irk \\. Newman tt Co., New York. Fur sale by Lindsay & Blakiston, Phlliulclpliia. Th<^ iniportiuico of a;i;ricuUural education lias l)Con po much dwelt upon of late, that it is scarcely ncc^es- sary for uh to point (tut its cLiinis unw. 'V\w couvic- , lion that the son (>rih.' tamici- ^IkmiM receive an edu- , cation anah»(;oas to lliat pr(i\i(!eil [\^v y(»uni:; tu-'h de- si<^ncd for the liberal pi-cfossions, !> daily stren;;then- ing. There are those, iiud pei-liaps the greatest! number, who advocate the estaljli.'-liiiieiit nl' atiricul tural collews. AVhile we hrariilv second tlieir eiTnrts ' and trust that the day will come wluai such insiltu- tions will abound, if is vorv evident to ns that Wu^ \ I day has not yet arrived. There are certain prelimi- j nary stops necessary, whicli liave not been taken. — j However favorable public opinioi! niav bo to the es- 1 tablisliment of such institution^, it i> apparent tliat to put them into successful practical operation will require mightier energies than can be brought to bear upon them now. To the rising generation — the 3'outh- ful yeomanry of the land — we must look for help, and in order to interest them sutliciently, it is in'ces- aary that the importance of scientific agricultui-.> ho inculcated into their minds at an early age, and the means to be used for the accomplishmeiiL ui' >u de- sirable a result, must l)e placed within the reach of all. Tf it be asked how this may be done, we answer, tJirough the Common Schools of the Commonwealth. Agriculture nuist be made a Itrant li er>tudv, so that every youth in our Stat(> vslio i>;(lestined to hcciiue ;l fiirmcr, ma} hase the L:i-eat leadiinj; pi-inciples -tilled into \\\< mind at an early age. Tf it ]->e nrcrfMl, that cMnijn t'^nt t'aidier^ ceiuld not be jirocurtid, we meet the dhjcction by asserting tJuit so soon as it is ascertained that a general knowl- edge of the principles of agriculture is a necessary qualiiication of a teacher in the public scho(ds, just 80 soon will t(*achei?( mak(^ it a stul>, a> they are compelled to do the diil'crcul branches of ai-ithinetic, grammar, Sec. The work before us is eminently cal- culated to promoto this object, and we in lulu' the hope that those who have charge of our public scliools will see the importance of giving to this subject the attention it so richly deserves. Aildress of Peter A. Browne, L.L.P.. hefore the Agri- cultural Society of Hucks county, Pa., Oct. I, 1851. This is a well prepared and useful address by an author well knowni to agriculturists by his writings upon wool. It traces the rapid growth of the flour- tfing county of Bucks; contrasts the condition of ^'. ) American farmer with the system of "white sla- very" practised by the English in Ireland, gives va- rious statistical and historical facts of much intoro8t to the citizens of the county, and includ(\s some ku"- gestions for the advancement of agriculture. The extent to w hich matters of local interest are treated is worthy of imitation on similar occasions, whontlwj local audiences of county societies are addressed. ]V()man in hrr various liclaiions, confa ininfj praetival rnJr^ fur Antrrii'dn JrinaJ's', d'v;., by Mr<. L. (i, MxH, uiitli'.r if '■ s'LHi'iiI //' us'wifc," '' Gems hij thf l('(///.s'A/'. ," d ■'■. W'llliiLiiL I h'^'l ird(je,Kew York. The readers of the Journ;il will i-ecognise in the author of this 11' 'at volume, one < d' our most esteemod contributors. AV'e have examined its pages with ffy'l- in;j;^ of deip interest, CMHtaining a:' tli'-y do, a mi--' ofNaluable jiints upnu -libjeets wit h \\hi(di every wo- man >houId ])(' familiar. It is de.-^igued t<» bring be- lorc the winnen of our c(undrv, in tlicir true c(»lors, the weiglit and inip'Tiauce of the duties and respon- sibilities resting ujioii til! ni, and with sucdi a nobk mission in \iew', av(> wish this excelhmt book Clod speed, eafii'v-tly Impiii^- that tlic wi 11 ired result.-. / lU)- A Catechism of Familiar Thiuf/s ; their history, am the events which led to their discovery. With a shor explanation of some ofthcpvindpal natural ])/ie-'- inena, <(v'. Lindsay X ]'>1akistoii. Philadelphia. A most excellent volume containing a mass of valuabh^ aiid r(diable information upon subjects which entir into the dally concerns of life. ^Vc have ex- amined its contents, and with honest sincerity recom- mend tlie volume to the attention of our readers in genei-a1, and -d" pan sit^ and f^'ae]i