Title: Pennsylvania vegetable growers' news, v. 3 Place of Publication: State College, Pa. Copyright Date: 1933 Master Negative Storage Number: MNS# PSt SNPaAg058.4 Volume 3 1933 No. i tmt^m^mm Putiication of The' Pennsi^lvania Vegetable Growers^ association ^/.^iliiam G* V/enker, Bustleton • Harry G.. Braclcbill, Malvern " ' - W. B* liaclc, State Coliege * President Vice-President Secretary -Treasurer ■<•-*■ aiM ' i. The annual irjee ting and educational sessions of the A^sociatibn, .held^.in connection with t lie Parm Show, frora January 16 to 18 inclusive, v;ere 'we 11' at tended,* and the prograriis were interesting and valuable. • : • ;, At the Business Meeting, presided over by Gilbert S. :yatts, Bellwood,as temporary chairman, the folldvring business was transacted-. .The officers listed above were regularly elected, and in addition, tliese directors were chosen: a. Kc Mende; Bristol; IT* H. Evans, iillces-BaAre ; W. B. Nissley, State rcoilege;H. N. Dudley,, Bustleton;. Charles' L. Meyer, Pittsburgh; :^7alter Peeling^ .'iyilliain.sport • - c ' • A resolut.ipn of respect was passed .for Charles M. "Stiith, Lewistown,President%f the Association for 1931 and Vice-President for 1932, news of whose death was received, and the Secreta^ry vra-s- instructed' to send a telegram of sym.;:)athy 'to tloe widov; .and familv. of the deceased. *Tlie Treasurer reported that the balance in the treasury on January 19, 1932, v/as $79.94; receipts during the year v/ere ^,^36.00, for membership dues; ex,)endit!vres were^^42. 48, including f ot the and balance on hand on January l6, 1953i v/as ;^73.46. TALKS- BE70RE TTS ANNUAL lOSE TING ■ '- . ' • ■ •*•.'■.■_ ■ f ITarke t Reports , liie ir G.olleotion and Use J. G Philadelphia Unti and vegetabl mechanism op commodities, movement of overloading supply grov/e unbiased inf Scott, U. S/ Bureau, of Agricultural Economics, 1 comj^ara'tively rece es was the lec^st inf eratine in tlie distr and,- in the. absence crops, the growers a certain markets and rs as well as other orvnation on market s nt. years, the grower of fruits orpied concerning the com;olex ibutlon and sale of his perishable of infornation about the nd shij.^ers were continually undersupplying others. To interested persons with accurate, upj>lies, movements I and prices, «• iC \n III T19 . ^^!q h H^ the Federal Bureau of Markets (now the Bureau of ntricai lurd.! Economics), started a market news service in 1915. whicu is now t;..e only nation-v;ide service of its kind m the world. The demand for news and marlcet information has been great at all times, but is es,.ecially no at present, when manj tiiarkets are dull and prices are low. The market reports are of three classes, with regard to the inforr^^ation given: ist, car-iot -shioments by btates^of orii^m, to show the number of full cars of various fresh .Droducts moving to market: 2nd, the prices and marketing and cro^o conditions in the large .reducing and shxpi?ing areas. 3ra, the prices, general narket conditions, and supplies m tne large markets. In addition, news on unusual market events, such as strikes, crop quaxantines, enburgoes, tariff changes, etc., are collected and reported. , The Market News Service does not attempt to fix prices or interfere with fair and legitimate trode practices. Scope of the Service The service aims to obtain full infortnation on the two itPDortant elements of marketing - supply and demand. In anaiyis- ing suT)oly, ootential or future supply must be taKen into •; account'as well as the existing or present supply. Similar analysis of demand must also be made. Daily receipts, track 'holdings, both at terminal rm^rkets and reconsifenment points, and stSrage Btocks are matters of first importance, isxport markets and imports must be considered, as il'^i?^^^*^"* ^°"°;^^'°"J,. afrectine fruit markets in fall, and vegetable markets in s^jrinfe. , Sources of Information S-oecial arrangements have been made with all rail- roads and boat lines of the United States for car-lot shi-)ment inforfflc'.tion. These agencies send daily telegrams <^%"^« ^,^^. ./ashington office of the Market News Sorvice. In ^^f J^l^^l:' news is collected by market reporters, wi.o rtfort a.vroximate suDolies on hand, market conditions, and the prevailing jrice ra^es for the various grades, varieties,, and k^nds. t>peciai representatives aie stationed in large producing areas, sucn as* the Presque Isle potato district, d^aring the harvesting . and shipping of the crop. Distribution of Information by Market Stations Primary distribution of almost all market information is made from J-ederal headquarters in 'Washington to branch of i ices located in the large cities, .it such branch f ^°^?' ,^^f * ^^..^ information is mimeographed and sent in the form of ^^^^^ "^^^^^^,3, reports to raailinL lists of ,,rowers, shippers, and produce dealers to newsnaoers, and to certain radio broadcasting stations. 1 - 3 - « i Tctnporury field information offices are located in heavy produc- ing^areas, to distribute market news to those most vitally interested. In addition, inf orination is distributed by teie.-^hone and telegraph on demand • Value of the Service All branches of the fruit, vegetable and produce industry hr^ve demanded services from tl:e Department of Agriculture to help in sol Vina their particular problems. Price quotations are used by railroads and Btearriship oot\ panics as a basis for Settling claims; railroads use crop estimates in determining car requirements for different areas; purcl.asinti' agents of state and federal institutions are guided by daily reports in planninj^ menus and in obtaining: supplies of foodstuffs; market representat- ives are often called upon to act as expert witnesses in court Icarings of suits or o-thei* marketing cases; buyers are advised when to expect various coranodities on the market; cold storage f ir-' 3 use quotations as a basis for detennining the value of produce in storage, in settleirjont of claims, and in deciding on the anount of loans; equipment and supply men, such as basket and bag panufac turers, fertiliser and seed dealers, etc., "vvatch the reports, both to Judge the size of stocks to provide, and to know v/1 en to press for payment of bills; farmers operating road- side markets ajjust their prices according to quotations in the daily reports. The Market Jlevrs man must be Jack of all trades - economist ^ credit nian, railroad traffic man, legal adviser on marketing matters, expert geographer, newspaper man, v/riter of magazine articles, advertising man, rcdio armouncer, and information bureau. Sample questions asked him are these: Kov; many cars of potatoes are on the tracks in Philadelphia this morning? How many cars of beans on the of Potomac Yards for Philadelphia Hov; many cars of cabba^je were state yesterday? t: 11 o'clock train out this morning? shipped from New York ov/ many bushels of ap;>les were held in cold storage in jphiludeiphia on the first of this month?. •?liiat information have you on the freeze in the Rio Grande Valley night before last? T/.at are the requirements for marketing apples in Pennsylvania? Kave you any information on musk^at farming? -^Vhere can I £et a bulletin on raising canaries? Has s-)inach an acid or an alkaline, reaction in the stomach? * The Marcet News man must average iOO per cent on such questions, otnd usually does so. .• • - 4 - ^ 5 - **Sun^)iyin4i Ve_ •1 tables i?or The Road3ido Llctrkc t Trade^' Harry G, Brac>l)ill ' Malvern, Pa. In supplying ve0eti:^'bles for tl'.ie .roadside rar-.eti 7e have it to 1:0" entirely a different kind of proj)0£ition from found grooving ror the vrholesale markets. Tliis is G5 )eciallv trie if jou Tvish to "build \xi a lar^e clientele of folks v;ho de^>end on you throu,.-:hout tl..e' seasor for their hone ^ro " n\M^ I* products '^hen we first etarted our farn icar^cet v/e were Just eromng a few vcaetal:;les - pcrha^Vs five or siit.. Today we grow fifteen or more different kind^ vitli ae many as five or six varieties of one vegetable. A larger assortment of vegetables encourages the customer to co..:ae 'Jhcro they canj-^. . Practically all their needs of good home i.xO'^m vegetables in season, \71iy should a lady be compelled to sto:? at the corner grocery store in i^ugust for sotne snapbeans, beets, carrot.s etc. because she v/as unable to purchase it at your Tr^urket when she bought her £weet corn and tomatoes? She no doubt felt sure she could get sore of tiiose tender beets or beans again \*iich she secured the last time she was there. 'Veil, here is the problem or rather two of the many problems: not only to have some fine vegetables on hand now and then, but to have a steady supply and a fair assortment of seasonal vegetables throughout the selling season* One tiling will help to sell another. Those fine limas and sweet corn v.lil often help to sell the - ripe tomatoes, carrots, summer squash, etc. » We shall first consider our assortment of vefeetables which we try to keep on hand as much as posr ible in Its season. Cn account of space we will not mention all nor the variety. Tl.e several vegetables are asparagus, sn^^o and lima beans, beets, carrots, cabbage, celery ,^ eggplant , sv:eet cotn, lettuce, cantalou-)e£ , peas, and peppers. in looking ^over our list v/e see come veget'.blas which we need to only consider one planting in order to liave a st^^ady supply, such as eggplants, pepjerrj, and purhaps peas. This latter vegetable does its best only in the early plantings. In the case of lettuce and spinach v;e run about tv/o plantings in every spring and fall. Toma to plants are set out every four or six weeks up till about the first of July vrhick keep the market supplied with fine fruit. Limas are planted about on the same schedule, but when we come to snap beans they ought to be run in about every ten days or two weeks up till the firet 01 August. Beets about three weeks ajart v/ith cai-rott3 about six weeks apart or three plantings a season. J.ast nut by far n>t the least is the growing of sweet corn throu;Ihout t3:e season end keeping a fairly steady supply on hand. 'T.^etler you are a ;>rdener grov/in,;, for your town route, or your stall :t ti-e market house or t3ie roadside market, much attention can profitably be given to the steady supply of this most likeable vegetable. We iiave built up a program in our sv/eet corn growing which brings us corn shortly after the fourth of July and supplies a continuous supply till a freeze knocks us out. Plantings are started Y/ith several different varieties during the last week in April and continued till the middle Of July, about four to five, days. apart. Our aim is always to have a steady supply without missing a day from start to finish during the season ' except on Sundays on which do.y we are always closed. \71j.at v/c have just written presents a lot of extra \;ork and attention. It is far easier to plant n:nd care for ten acres of s\;eet corn than to plant two acres at five intervals four or five days apart. In case of rainy v/ea the r plantings are increased a little as soon as it dries in order that'we can kcct) up the supoly. I'uch more might be written about the varieties preferred v/hero vegetables are sold" locally . i^ttention should alv/ays . be given to what your trade demands. Som^ classes of tr^^-de want very small bee tg, .peas, liiiKis and snap beans, then ag^in some sections want them more mature or probably a Ictrger variety . Gathering the vegetables at the right time is highly important and then see tl at your customer gets a fresh product and you will have the best advertisement any one can over offer you. **Grading, Handling, and St-jrage of Vegetables" . H. C. Thompson, Departs nt of Vegetable Cro^.s, Gornoli University, Ithaca^ Kew York ever b Our pr parts and pva and pa becauB charge Eaete efore t oducts of the eking, ck thei e low-g s -/hen rn vegetable .g^^^^-^rs must give greater care ttirn 0 the grading, packing, and handling of vegetables. come into coii/^etition with those shipped frau other United St-tcs where great c-.re • is .taken in grading Growers long distances from the ;narket must grade r products we Z.1 aod leave the lo^v grades at home, rade products vail not pay fae freight and handling shipped 2000 to 3000 miles to market. In some .studies nadc in New York State, it was found that peas shi.r ed from tJie State of ^Vashington brought from 50 cents to $il.50 more per bushel on the New Yor\z City markv-t than peas grown in up-state New York. On inv^^sti^atlon it was found txx-it '/a3hington peas were well gnded, and only the best grade was shipped. They were well packed ajid .v/eie kept in good condition in transit by good refrigeration, including top-icin^.;. New York grov/n peas, on the othv-r hand, were ungraded or poorly graded and the pa.ckages contained on the avex'age about 30 per cent of poas bdow U. 5. Gr-de 1.. iTev; York peas often rcaohcd the market in heated condition, while the '..Washington pe^^s had a temperature of 45 to 50 degrees F. Peas must be .copt at = relatively lo.v temperature to be in good condition for .uny considerable length of time. They deteriorate as much in quality in 24 hours at 70 degrees as ' they do in three weeks at 32 degx^oes P. . -. 6 - •1 • K ' , ipl i [it t 'H 1 Cold Storage . ♦ - Hesuitbof storage experiments carried on for one season indicates that practically v.ny of our vegetables can be kcot in storage if tixc pro,)cr temperature and humidity arc -provided* The following products keep well at 32 degroos ?• with high humidity . Ci^ Asparagus 3ett$ GarrotG - Cauliflower Celery Cabbas^e Peas RutabJQ'as bwee t corn Length of tirne in good condition 3 v.'cckr. 4 5 5 3 4 to to to to to ■5 6 s. 5 months months weeks r onths months 3 weeks Tl^e follpY/i mecjLium huiijidity: Brussels sprouts Sprouting broccoli . Cucumbers Lima beans .(in shell) Peppers . Peppers also kept v/oll at 4 to 5 months * • ' • • 3 we^ikb • * * • . * • Ing products keep we 11 at 32 degrees ?. xritl 8 50 to 10 weeks weeks » weeks we e :cs to 5 weeks degrees F. 2 5 3 ; Onions kt-cp test at lov/ humidity and "t 31 to 32' dcgrecfe ? Snap teans (racdiuni liumidity) keep bettor at 36 to 40 doerccs F. than at cltlior a lov/er or highor tcrjoeraturc . E^^rgplant kec )8 well for atout 4 weeks nt &0 degree^, v/ith racdiuni humiditv. TomatoGS keep \vcil for 3 to 4 wcoics at 50 to 60 degrees I*, 'vith high humidity. At lower teiflpcr^tuns, tlio toraato does not color well when removed from storage and at higher ternooraturc , ripening is too rn.;>id and disease is likely to develop quickly. < ' . . . • PRBI-UTUHS .SE3DIMG 01' CELI3RY H, C* Thoiiipson contrary to a fairly common belief, premature seedin or •bolting" in celery is not ca.^sed by cLeckin^ growth, by freezing, by dtauth, by disease, or other injury. In -fact, ail of t/xeae factors mentioned tend to delay seeding. In experiments carried on at Ithaca, freezing, tjie plants a,;d allowing them to becDn,e checked in c.rowth by crowding, in the transplanting flats and by allowing the. soil, "to "become dry r,;a te r ia 1 1;/ delc^yed aeedinfe. Of all factors studied, the only one that has resulted in premature seeding is subjecting the plants to relatively low tem- perature Ubove freezing) during the early stage of grovth. if' celery plants are grovm in a moderatelv cool (50 to 60 degrees P ) greenhouse or hotbed for about two months, they are likely to ^ o tc seed before they reach marketable size. Exposing young celery plants for two weeks or longer to. temperatures between 40 a id 50 degrees ?.. .will also result in premature seeding. On the oti-'er hand, if t::e plants are grown at a tetaoerature above 60 derrees F. until time for setting in the field, ordinarily there will be no seeding. During the' past ten years the .writer has conducted doze is of experiments and in ail cases celery plants that have been subjected to 40- to 50 degrees !!? . Iqr tv.-o v/eeks or lomer iiave produced some "seeders .": Exposure for 20. days to this te.-^erature l>as resulted ma large percentage of.seederu; in some ca^ee lOO per cent. In no case lies there been s-eed-stalk deveio'me-jt \vhen th6 plants ha^e been thrown. i-r. a tenioerature above 60 degrees -7, uo to the time of planting in tie field. • • " Experiments with cabbage a^id beets gave results similar to those mentioned for celery. .""■■ •. 9jMI^U:0:1: O:^ ^ajGS TABLE CROPS «> K. C. Thonroson . A comaon irDpression se^ms to :.;revail that one of the main ^enefits derived from oaltivatio.i i^s the conserving of moieture txirough tie f orraatioa and mainter^ance of a soil mulch. Experi- mental evidence does hot give a.jy htxuxn for the belief that main- taining a soil mulch is of as grerp^t value as is the destruction of weeds. In fact, all of the evidence sliov/s clearly that the main benefit derived from cultivation is through weed control. - ■ Experiments carried on ut Itl-:aca, N. Y. for 6 years with Dee ts, carrots, onions, cabbage, celery, and tonmtoes showed ti at maintaining a soil mulch by caltivating was of little valne. Jith carrots, cabbage, and tomatoes, the average yields -were )ihc- ricaiiy the same on the scraped plots as on thotie cultivated about once a wgek. ith the other three crops, there v.us a sli.>ht ; ain lor cultivation as compared to scraping to control weeds." r^^-P* Results of similar oxpat;e ^^re equal to an average of 8.6 .cultivations ; cul tivating onions 8 On In these a week growth culti- of ^ 9 - ii ':i m 1 k '^\ ^i ■!| it i i • 8 * * • , *■ '•.■■ ■ * times oroducod as large yield as oultiyating them 13 tines; while 5 cultivations of potatoes were equal to 6 cultivations, in some seasons cultivation late in the season ms of valuer while in others it was a disadvantage 4 TiiQ evidence indicates that late cultivation is an unnecessary expense unless weeds are trbublcsomc ■•■'•■■ ■ , • .. .. • " . ' . . Experiments carried oo at Tlie Pennsylvania Experiment Station gave results similar to those obtained in Hew York. 4 • • . - ■■ ' . • • . •■-,.•• • • • ■ " . ... • • . * • '. , > ^ All experimental evidence shows clearly that the main bene- fit derived from cultivation is, fr^mthe control of weeds. The time to destroy weeds is while they a.re small and before they have caused injury to the crop plants/ -/ecds are more easily killed while they are small than when they have become established. The most efficient cultivator for weed control is one that cuts off the weeds just below the surface of thc; soil.. Such a cultivator does not destroy many roots. . ■ Under most conditions, if sufficient .cultivation is t^iven to control weeds one need not conc.;rn hi;.\2c If about the soil mulch. '^Vhere there are no wcejis and. a mulch is already, formed, further cultivation is not only-an 'unnecessary expense , but is usually in- jurious due to bringing moiat soil tc'tli.e surface where it dries out, and also to thc destruction of roots. Tlie advice, ^^TnQ drier thc soil, thc of tenor you should cultivate /' frequently fcivcn cari .. not be justified by ex^)erimentai evidence or by good prc-ctico. One should besir in mind tUat if 3 or 4. inches of the surface soil is kept stirred, most of the roots arc: destroyed to that dc^^th, so ttot it is imposi:ibie for thc jLxntB to utilize the nutrients in the riches t^^art of the soil. . ». ^ Cultivation {i.lven after thc plants arc about half grovnn is likely to do more harm than ^ood, unless weed growth istrouble- some. 7/0 od growth is not.li'ceiy to be troublesome if woods have; * . been kept under com.-^lete control up to tliis time. - ' '. • ' ' ' • ■ '. * ' ' Stirring the soil by cultivating aoon af tor a litht rain (less than one -half inch) is liLcely to result in loss of moi-rture. F^r this reason, one should, delay cultivation until - the moislurc has had a chance to become distributed in tixe soil below tho depth cultivated. Deep cultivation is seldom jusuified and* is certain to be injurious c*-ftor the roots have dcvelo^xd in. the zone reached by • " the cultivator. If .the soil is well j)rc ^ared before the crop is planted, deep cultivation is .not necescory or desirable. Each time v;e tjo out to cultivate, ^should. consider What ' will be accomplished by cultivation 2^t this p:xrticulc.r time and" then do the job In the most efficient .v;ay. \.hen nothing v/orth * • while is to be accomplished, let^s take a v^^ci^tion and give tiie : roots a cliance . : ' ^ V/. 3 . Hist! ley .' • . * ' ' ' ' ■• ' , , .. ' ' ■ . . ■ • DurinE tLe past three yei^J:c especially,' vjgt tabic - rovfcrs have suffered cotn:)lcte or partial ero.o failures cuased by drouth, ooiae farmers have turned to portable .irrigation to save ti eir crops, and various appliances and devic s have been adapted to conditions on the individual farms. n^/""^'?*?*: °°^"*^ grower Uvigates. f ive acres of vegetables with a lateral imo 400 feet lontv, nozzles S')read every throe feet and usmc four si^cs of pipe froiu li inches to 3/4 of an incl in diairetor. lis supply line i,-^ 2Uinca pipe, laid underground. .. 3 -horse power electric motor supplies power and a small ceitrJfjrai pump proauces ,45 £:alXons of wr.ter a minute. " ■ " ' ^n Elk county ijrower uses an old. automobile motor fo-- .?rAA'/J pump. 200 feet of garden hose for a-supiDly line,' and an 80-foot nozzle line to ir.igate one nxrc . A Schuylkill county grov/er irrigates. 20, acres vath an It^iU'f ^on*r^^^^' rcotor,..,a- puno of. 5,000 -gaiions van hour laterals 400 fe, t lon-'^'. .- . ■ old ^ v,ov.o /''^^^''''^ ochuylkill county tiianr irrigates eight acres mth a 3-hors^power ^as engine, a pump of 5,000 gallons en hour capacity, a J-mch second-hand supply lino, and four nozzle lines 400 feet G.J. Gtout Or>{ f r,n« ■i.^^v,'^^^ rainfall in most p.rts of l-ennsylvania average's about °^nr.i^? ?•^'' '"'^^^ °'' ^^®^ darin.cT the uxm^oiox months. This is bSt Bin.? 2i^ *^i ''"S^iT* °- ^-^^^ required by a crop of vegetables ev^n^i"?? ° '^''°^' °- "^'^ ^'^" ^^^ ^--^^^ is lost cither bv%^ooaee, evaporation, or run-off, additional v.'cter in the form of irrir-tioA P^oSuce'':?' '" r^r *°.°^*^'i" -'^i^^ yi^idB of h^i qiiiJ^ ''''" will hn^ ^''5°'i'! ?"'' ^'^'^''" i^ *^''0' 0^2 Of the hot suSra.r months TrrLntT: '■'J^^'"^?^^^ i"^ *^^'''" ^"^^^ -^-n in^^- During such seasons serJon! r ^""f^s ti^<2 form of crop insurance for vdthout it, ?'o irri^^°?Sn . "i^^^^\'^ '^^""^^ ^° ''''^"^*- During. such seasons. Imr^unf if . application should bo sufficient to bring tU total inah?« ^! ^""l' ^-i"i'^'li Pl'^s irrigation, to at least four per mont^ ' °'' ''' ^°^^'^ °^ ""^'^^ 105,000 gallons oer a ere 'vVhcn seeds have just been aovm. i mo.y be necessary to "^-^--""^rf^ ^i^^^^-y -"d r.:^th.r frequently to keep tixc surface mvyinc out. as soon as the seedlings from 'lavo appe^^.red w^.bove fcrouna, the vv^.tcr ap.lications should be less frequent and heavier. v\ [ h -lo- in the case of shallow -rooted aroi)s such as cclGry,; 1l ttuco, radishes, and onion8li:.pjic. .u of - wcitcrr'crt'"tv tltno upjii^-d once a week is suf-icient except in very hot dry v/eathcri One" inch of water v/ill wet the soil to r- depth of from five to eight inches, depending on the type of soil. Jox most crops which root more deeply^, it is best to. apply more vrcitcr at o- time end r/^ioly it loss frequently, often put tins. ..on two or moje inches '.:.t c\ time r-nd Ttii"ikin£ the applicaitipns t"v;^o \/e.cks a>art.' " In this vvT^y, the deeper roots •. will "be- reached, Ic^s ^jTaterwill cv-pori^te from; the soil surfuce/. and deeper rooting of the crops -^ili* t^nd to reault. 'This ic c. particularly convenient practice v/ith a port^bie irrit^ation s^/st^n because the lines d,o. not. have to be mbvod nearly so often. ;:, "The importance of time, of day to' apply irrigation has. •. been unduly, emphasized*:'^ It is best- to VAt^r*^ early enoufe;h in • . the dp-y so the -plants ir?ay. dry. off before ni^ht comes,, but' during a dry season, it is usually ncoeLsr i^y to water continuously day and night over some parts of the farm and it is very unusual to flind any seriouu injury, v/lich caY> /be tr' ccd to v/r tcring at the v;rong time of day. .. •• ■. r ^ ••. ; • -• ■ •' ' '••..••■•. .•■•■•»'■•■•« ., ■ . •■•.:•., • s ' ■ -,•••■ ■ • : fc • • » . . . • A SUCCESSg'DL Tv-ET}iOD 07 G?vO'yi>TG CA3BAG]i! .: *^**"'*"~'~**~~~"7"'~~"~^ — "• • ' '' ~ I I ' ' I Ml I ' I I Mia up mill I III 11 IP 1 1 . ■ . . . . , ....>.••• ' . . . . . . • ' . .* * . • • • . , ....•■ , . . . . . • Grower r R. 3. Stutzman, Vintondale, Indiana County Soil Pre oarat Ian - .; -- • •• .1931 - Jlay. followed by r\e ^cover cror^ * '.' •■ .1932.— Ili^e- plowed l^y- 15" "• •• " • . .- . -Planted - June 20 . *•» • L'iianure used - Hone./ ' • • « ««• •• • « * 0 • . M • » • • •♦- Lime Used • Three-fourth ton lumo lime 'rer acre. ^ A fertilizer Analysis- 10vl6-10 Araount - 800 lbs. per acre . applied - broadcabt ' .' .Side dressine - 150 lbs', sulphate of arlmonia per acre. Source of :')lants - Eome rrovn Piantin- di5tancet-20" x -34" ITumber' of sprays - 2 Yield per acre - 13 tons.. •. • ' " ' Weather conditions -* dry Variety -. Sliort Stem Danish Bi^'llhjnd (iieed Bros .') • ' • . .•• ' \\ ^ A SUCGKSSFUL IIETHOD Q.? aRO':yi>JG S'^TBET CORIT '^^. B. Nissley Grov;err C. .a. Shenot, '.7exford, Pa. Soil preparationr Green manure crops are gro^vn; little barnvard manure is used. Commercial fertilizer is used in the row. Lir.i is done when needed, according to testa. Varieties r Own strains of Extra Early Bantam and Vfhipoie's yellow selected with reference to the nxirket requirements, and quite free from wilt, were used. A SUCCESSFIE. ^JETFCD 0>j' GRff^/T Tjg CELERY Charles K. Eallowell ' . Bhila. County .rtgent Growersr N. l" Comly's Sons, Bustleton. (...c-mTDers of the Comly • family have heen operating the one farm for over sixty years) Philadelphia County produces 1/3 of celery grown in Pennsylvania. In 1931 Philadelphia County growers raarlai ted through Philadel-ihi wholesale mar ice ts 127 carloads of celery. ug^i Jraixa icxpni Average yi«H of celery is approximately 250 two-ti irds crates ->er ac re • . "* ng a • . . ... Following; is applied to cerGr:'-fi'.eld ^jef-ore -.planting r ' * «^ ... . 8 tons manure per acre 1 ton ground ili-oGVone per acre 1 ton 5-10-6 fertilizer* »er acre. Seed sown May 5th - rov;s 12 inches apart. .' Plants sprayed twice ^vith Bordeau-- mixVaro. v^iiLe in seedbed. ^'"rfnoj;.*''^ to^ field July 11 in rows 36 inches apart and olants o Inches apart in row. ^ " Ail cultivation done with a'^ractdr cultivator. ;-'' '■ ^^"'•b?nnL''4°/°"L'''^*^ tractor w the sprayer pump being oTcrutud by power take-off from tractor. • 11 sprayings made with Boaijaajc-. : « B-lanchine - done by s oil . ••.--•• •,: T-. •••••.» . «. ■•*'•• • N I'h I •) h f* i> 'm \ 'I !l •* - 12 - For 2 years previoua Comlya llive conducted Vagr^^ demonstra. tions m cooperation with Agricul turpi Sxtenaion. i^vera^e increase of sprayed celery oyer unsprayed celery was '• • 58 two-thirds crates per acre. • .. . .• ■■ " . ■ ' • . ■ • '•*'.'■«• '.:'.., ■ • All celery placed^ in commercial cold storage where ti temr»erature of 31° and a humidity 'of 90° h::s been maintained. Under those conditii yellovv celery may be stored for 3 months,, and green celexv for ; ^ Philadelphia bounty .5 torod' 30, OdO crates. 'of celery in cold storage durlna October and llovember, 1932." TESTS .Gg '^'^RlEin^S-iam STBkTr^'W'YWnv?.^-t:Rn IN 1932 7' ■ ■. ■'■ ' ^imt^mmm I II III Ml. "' W. B. Mack" ibed I , Sweet Corn ^ « vpiin^ g;^5;» Early Marke^. tie Urge- et eai^ed of th^ first early yflow varieties. 'Jnfortunatoly sui3ce:)tiule' to wilt disease. Recommended if seed is treated. : . . .I- aoc oc. rr-^y^i.^,^^^"^ ^^'^ Bantom. \i few -fcy^ later tlxan the foregoing'' varieties, more vigorous and less 3U£:ceptible to wilt disease.. Golden B.^ntatn. ib'-l4 Hov Too Cross x 1539. h late strr.in of 10.14 row, .bantam,. 4uite yigorous'and resistant to wilt disease ' 7rfi ft T^;J^ '-°?'^* '^'■'" ^°^e^^''* lighter yellow th:.n typical Bantams, 7t to 8 inchen long, very uniform. . ' V ""» •'^ipU'sYcllo;^/ Which produces a large, handsowe ear of £Ood Resistant to' wiTf J'' '^'''^ the second eetrly varieties,. Not. ait og ether the'samfclasf in cuniS^ss .''' '^"°^ susceptible thannuny variotfos of •.A.' 193" triais^'t fetg f'nM'-^^^'\? ^\^ \ ^''^ ^^^* Evergrean in the bPr^n^rfi! at sUuc doiiege, tnou^h subject to-canvorm do,Tndgo because the husks are not heavy nor tightly clostd over the end of ^ 13 - Lilis' Golden Sunrine* ^ large yellow corn, v^ry vi^,orous and disease resisl-ont, of gjoK quality, mature at the ucime t inie a Bantam Evergreen (87 days.) • Ears 10 inches long, mostly eight- rov/ed, sorac^;Vhat taxjering, no commended for trial, as a late marlcet or canning variety. s Tdraat-oes- Pc nn Stv'^.tc Ear liana, a smooth and uniform fruited, vigorous, early strain of thiq r^-riety, nov/ v/eil known in the state. Speed, a *self-topping Earllana, yielding most of its crop . very early in the season, '/itli a little more breeding, this variety should prove very valuable. Recommended for trial. Chalk ^ s Je we 1 K o . 3 , a specially early strain, with all the other desir-ble clar-ctcristics of. this variety. fc«_ Iftevsi* ■ I •■■■ Scarlet Topper or Pritchard, a self-topping variety similar to llarglobe in fruit shape, but saaewhat more ota.jge-r^d in color. Little co-rlier tho.n Mar globe . Recommended for trioi.1 rs a i^ain-crop market variety.* • ^ Certified }l!:irglobe . Sevcr-1 t;; trains of Marglobc were very desirable in fruit typo; one strain v/as more vigorourj and productive than the others. ^11 are recommended for canning or riain-crop market plantings. • ' • •• "^ .' •■ _ •. Beans- Tendergreen, l?«r>^ .'Strln<^'lcsS| and Giant Stringiest Gret-npod are among the best round-poddea green varieties; they are si.oothcr than the ^;vcll-kncv;n Strin^less Gr^^enpod. " ' ' ^'■- '. Bount iful is the leading GjjmiCrcial f l^.wt-podded er^''^^^^ '^^*"**'^^ • Sure Crop Tax or YcHo't Bodntli^ul is the .leading flat- podded yellow bc:^-'x wo. pr oli^ia " /^^'^''^rf^:^''!'^P''S out IS Ijatu and not .very . 1 Sciuash «••«• . ^«v.* ^* • ^»^ * Golden Dclici ous is r o i.ao 4.1. 'tT I ""F/^.^.^^Hi IB rocntnu^cinded for trial. The yield is less tLaniioston IJarro^v. but ^u^l-ity •is-uxceilcht. Z ^T ,.« Ca'b'or'.gc . ; M. <*•»•« *" .'» • Golden Acru. Cooonhn^gjvn iLiiricct, 'ind Enkhuizcn G1-»t>v provide an oxcellcnt sucoGssi^TT^^F^g^i v -^y^^ rnfrj^lzl w^ . Ballhcad was best in tl-ria?t-ciass . '^- '^ -"l'^^^^?on;:.5ci3ia iJta tc Celery < . « th.-^ oiinHfT. r^^^-'-yi. ,t ':■ ' ^ x'^'Scai m Iwifiht .ind ouivlitv. For rortunf L^n^^^o.-fi'^l'''^ 'f "'"^ ^-^^*^^ tl^nyordhookr Early- ^'"^ fortune is on t:coellcnt early 'yellow variety. " -' ■■•■■ Cycumber t. eood in l?5rL?'i^:-T/.^7f^^' ^^^ Presid^, and Longfellow insf fw Kirby Stay Green, Henderson, . •:•:..• . Green Pack,- Short. • 'v; .*.,iarly Fortune, Veridark, Arlington iThite Spine - . .: • •: •' • Medium^ ' ' t. \' -.-Davis Perfect ^.ii.&C, President , Straight Pack, j. Clark^s .Spe.ciai, . ./oQdruff *s Hybrid - Medium to long ' ^Longfellow, Long Green,, perfection' ^ Long; late. Cucumber - Pickling: Snow* s perfection (.gnial..l)'f National Pickling ;•■• X.^^'^llf^ straight ^ 'greeh:) ,' Boston Pickling^ » . ^ . Chicago Pickling (medium) ,. DDUbie Yield (large) . • • • * - ,: • • ' ; i ■ - . . . • • • • .'i » If, II Lettuce - Loose Leaf :•> Grand Rapids Crisp Jiead'^: ' New' York.. No . 12 Butter He^difcVlilfee /Boston ' . . '-r .. • '' * • ••• - Muskmelan: Gold en- (Late) Champlain (Medium si.ied., local raarket)-5i;ar-ly " Delicious (Bender seledtibn) (Large , local) - Main crop Hearts of Gold (^Medium,, high.quality, local) - Main crop. Hale^s Best (Medium, local and trucking) - Main 'crop -to late- Onions - Sets: Yellow Globe Danvers ."liinieheze'r- Japanese ' (Sei^^ •:!';.•; yellow) * .:.;..;, '; Seed: Mountain Danvers (oiarlier' than Yellow Globe 'i^anvers) , Southport kVhite Gxobe (Pickling qirid bunching-^ fair rcaeper) i/hite Portugal 9 Silverskin (Plckring & buiJihing, poor xceeper, flat), Sweet Spanish (Riverside strain)'- (Largo, mild, good keeper, yellow)^ ..:..•.; r * • . Peas - Dwarf: Little Marvel (early) i Laixton's" Progress (Medium early,*-" large). Onward, .Stratagem, Dwarf Telephone (Medium to late, large pods). --" i..*-^ Medium: Thomas Laxt.on (blunt , pods) , Gradus (Pointed pods) (medium early) * ' '"•- ::••::; ^. .'. Tall: Telephone, ^Ideriaan (late).. ♦ . - • . ... .1 • . .. .-.♦••• • • , • - ' i « ♦ . ♦ ■ * Pepper - Red, tomato: Sunnybrook, Squiash " '" '" Pimiento; Sweet Mea.t Glory, Perfection. Large Sweet: -t^iarly Gi'ant (^arlyl, V/orld neater (llain 'crop) , California Jonder (thick wall, late). Yellow Sweet: Oshkosh (thick .vail, main crop) Hot: Long Red Cayenne, Hungarian \/ax. . t.«. * » pumpkin - Pumpkin - -3- Summer (Squatoh): Straightneck, »/hite Bush, Italian Marrow (Cocozelle) . ./inter: Small Sugar (Small, deep orange -ye How, good keeper) »/inter Luxury (Medium size, light yellow, russet netting^ good keeper) • Table Queen (Very small, for baking, light orange dry flesh, good keeper). Radish: Scarlet Globe (Mild, small to medium, good quality) - Jarly Scarlet Turnip //hite Tip (Small to medium, mild good quality) - ii^arly. »/hite Icicle (Mediura to large, mild, excellent) - Second early* iJhite Strasburg (Half-long, mildly pungent, good for summer and fall). Chartier (Long, red ivith white tips) - SUiOiiier and falli vfhite Chinese (Mild)^ Rose Chinese (Mildly pungent), i:>lack Spanish (Pungent) -* ♦/inter storage. Rhubarb: McDonald (Large, red), V^icto ria(Large) , Linnaeus (red). Rutabaga: Purple Top Yellow Globe (Macomber, Golden Neckless strains) Spinach: Long Standing Blooiasdale (Dark green, savoyed leaves) Viginia Savoy (Yellows resistant, for over-wintering oly) King of Denmark (Smooth leaves, long petioles) 4 Spring only. New Zealand (bush-like) - Summer. Squash - ./inter: Delicious, Golden Delicious (Medium, midseason, orange flesh, excellent quality, good iceeper) Hubbard-Green, r^lue, ;/arted (Large , late, excellent quality good .ceeper). Hutoard - Golden (Medium, midseason, excellent quality, good weeper). i:'Os ton Marrow (L::irge, late, excellent quality, ^od keeper). Tomato: ^rnip: Penn State xilarliana, Canadian - For very early crop only. Bonny Best - Jojin Baer-Chalk's Jewel - j^arly. Pritchard (Marglobe type, deeper criuson, but so.iewhat sualler fruit) - ^arly. Marglobe (disease-resistant, good quality) - main crop and canning i^arly Stone (fruit deep crimson, slightly flattened, smooth) - Midseason. Pink or Purple Fruited: June Pink (-n^lpha Pink, xiarliest PinK) Pink fruited ilarliana. *ireyi:.)usly described control measures may not prevent the disease, under ideal conditions for the devclo^xn^nt IRREGULAR PAGINATION ^i « ll fK ; I' i ff fli •V •.•••*.- ^ ^-••#»*»» ••■•' .-;:.];7 and sprond of the TDactoria thrtf c^use wilt* It is suggested that in 1933 growers j)lr.nt part of their acreage to the later, more resistant varietice or tic ncAV resistant hybrid "Golden Cross Bantam *". :■.-. .'..:■ • v ' • ■; .' •. ,^ .- .;,-,... . ; *.••... ■ • . * * ' . . . • ■ • . • • • ■ . ' .. -• * ■ . . . . > ■ ' . . » , . I i . . • " A • , .» . , • . " '. • Danping-Off ^ of Vegetable Seedlings .. • l?cw growers/realize that where the damping-off disease of vegetable seedlings is prevented by 6toam or chemical treatments ti.at nearly one -iia If of theuecds produce plants that otherwise would have died either before or; soon after the sucdlinps emerged^fr^m the soiF.; Furthlet,. such treatments prevent many root infections v/trich of t^h result; ih vreakened plants, having -l.o\ycred production capacities. Zpr. exnmplo, in Nc^«' York in 1932 it -was. shown- that untfeatod spinach; yielded 286 bushels oer acre, while seed treated with the eimfele, inexpensive xed -oxide '^]\?^^2^^^^^^ y^^^^oQ- 464 crates per acre . and seed treated ' ..with.thc copper sulphate, one hour soak, yielded 484 crates oer acre, buch croos as beets, tomatoes, and spinach usually show the greatest returns from treating, but the returns from treating egg - plc.nt,. pepper, salsify, jarsnip- cabb^^go; and cauliflower are such as to repay the grower many times over for treating. • • * .^.: . . Ifcmptng-off 'is a disease caused by any one of 5 or 6 funt-i 5team or forma Wchyd^ sterilization of thj soil a couple of weeks before planting the -seed is -the most- effective control. Only a few growers,: howevea*.; can use tLese methods, and for those \vho ?n M^^^"*??!! ^'''?; ■'''•{ ?'^'^''^*^'^^^^^' .several chemical ;treatment8 may r?f.r?Hf ^ ??^^"^ *'™^' '"""^ '^'^ ^^ two. treatnients may bo-used after the seedlings are uo. ...... ". "^"^^ be usedV'S^d^nSfiJ"?^*^'"'^ """^ '■''' '^ the ;foUowing, treatments may e^rr?f?'i^^,v?7 ! 3^ copper, cop'^er sulphate, formaldehyde dust, corrosive 8ublinatc.cot)p3r carb.nat^^, or" organic mercurials. Red ;-)xlde of co 4.-,^^. .-— _ jor' sood troatTnent . '"^ ffiia Is the easiest fun^i 'cSLin.'^"^.?^^' ^"^J verT1!?7e?-fr^^?ie against most of the lungi causing i^-m-oing-off . it consists of shakin^ 10 parte of seed (if ounces rod one. part of red oxide of <;ooper witii copper ;Oxide to one pound of seed) in..-- tight c=ntai„e*. eucH a^a fiSir jS? unui ha S3 -ro re™ovef.Hor.*,°Lh*u- *^*= ,*""• T»»^ oicoJs oop^Jrausf should bo removea after w..ich the seeds are ready for plant inc. If. red oxide of. copper cannot be obtained locally ; .ft may be oarcSse Commn3''SH J,'^'"''™!^ ^'^'^ ^' OrefieU, Pa.'- , Niagara* Sp^a?'^ Company, Middleport, New york, or K. ..G. . Liveriore, Hontoyo i-ille. d cd in hotf d;y*r;il'Buc"*-''-"?..°-??'.J ?-?''??^'* *'="" "^""^ J^"^"' Tnay re suit v- ns ma y occur in mid-summajj^ since injury • • ■ Rr^^,^',«ln ?^^ l^^^^^ ^^ copper may :e used in treating sued of beets spinach, tonatocs, eggplo.nt. parsni.o. and pepper. It may also ^e ' -18- usoa on lettuce; hov/ever, undci*^ unfavorable conaiticns, lettuce i<^;.asily injured* 0jx^2T SLl^mte seed treatment , The seed to be treated is soaked for one liour in a solution oi, "coppex sulpha tr (2 ounces of copoer sulphr-te dissolved in one quart of v/ater) . The seed tnay be olanted wet, or dried :vnd planted oevcral months after treating* The copper sulphate trecvtment is r^commended for beets, spinach, and. tomatoee . .. • - *•••<■ * - .."•■'. ?onrialdehjydo dUst and, organic n^ercurials should' be used as reconimended by tae nianufacturoxs • *" ^ ' C^^^ogJ'VQ :^ ^Vb Lima t e trJatniefitV'jf the k^pxl> I^akc a 1 to 2000 solutlpn' of ^ coxrosive-'iuHl^^ Uig seed, sprinkle on.e pint :>f solution ovc;r eapli square-foot af soil surface and then v^t the, a: oil (down thpr.Qu^^hly ;vith w The .corrosive sublimate trc-tmenl is specially recominended for cabbage and cauiif lov^er . \ " * Chcinical treatments after the soedlinfes are up . ^P pl i cation of chemicals to txhc soil at the base^oTtb will help to deck damping off. » the 'fhe seedlings '■■i Copper carbonato- treat ?ent Stir one ounce of copoer carb-nute duat int? six c;uarts ' oi" v;ator. Pour one pint of solution tp' each (aprpro.riTTiately) five foot of row. This solution should be applitd as soon as any ci^ne of damping-off apoear and repeated if ncccssr.ry. Copper curl; juabe solution is rec :]E!rcendGd fjr the folloy/irjt, jlantks gro./n un.i/r glass: beets, tomatoes, egeplant, ^.^ranii), pepper, lettuce-, spinach, and cucumber. ■ Corrosive snbliigp. tc solution. II:^kc'*K' I 1 6 1000 s oi u t i on 3^ corrosive sublinata Tone ounce in seven and one-half gallons water).' Pour one :^int of. soluti:>a to tt* as the first-beetles make their appearance* .,* . '.^ ■ Ca^^age ApiUdg? Cafcbage aphis became very abundant on ootJi early andTlate cabbage in nsany disttlcts and i>articularly in Lehigh, Garb on ♦Schuylkill and Columbia countiesi Southern ero'm cabbage pUnts^vere bought and planted by some of the local growers ^*^^x^ ^'^^^ seedlings. were infested n'ith aphids vAien thev arrived and^the aphids were- carried in tiiis .nannef to uninfested fields, cabbage: aphids winter over in .Pennsylvania on mustard and other cruciferous weeds in relatively sitiall numbers. There kre usually only a few. cabb-te, plants infested early in the season and if the grower will, examine his plants- f/o'r' "t Jig first three ^or^ four weeks after^theyh^ve been set and removes and destroys all those infested-.7ith a^jliids the chances are he will have but little, further trouble from .tliis insect., yfeeri olants are purchased from distant sources and ^mrticuiarly vtoen southern oiants are obtained, it is suggested that before setting them out the grower dip the toos of the plants in a. solution prepared Ijy dissolving 2 ounces of * nicotine sulphate (40^1 and 5 ounces of soap in 3 gallons of v«ater. This will destroy any aphids ^vhich may be present. Ehe most satisfactory means of destroying the aphids on cabbage in the >i®« 'iJ^,^ >AH|« .9^ a 3^ nicotine dust. This treatment should ne applied before the ;?lants have beert Seriously injured by the plant iicc. ixie dust is pjcpajTsd by nixing 7^ pounds of nicotine sulplatcvith 93 pounds of a very finely pulverized hydratcd lime, iie ^mixing, should be done in a regular dust mixer or other tight container.. Large l.ard tins or SO-gallon milk cans in which are* m^lzJ'^lll ^^°'^<:? ^^ size of an; egt are aatisfactoty for the ' ?i;i^!J!*-.trtr Placmg. the materials in the container and fasten- ing the lid tigLtly the can should be rolled or agitated , violently JJL; .vf ^5,°>f"u**-*? ^ntil the materials are thoroughly mixed. Store this mixture m a ti£htly closcd.containcr if it is not to be used imTicdiately . > •t Corn Ear-r/orm. This insect v.as more serious during 193ii than he re t of ore . Dauugc appeared on both e&rly fiCnd late crops. The most extensive losses cccurrcd in the valleys of the Susquehanna and Delavjarc rivers although damage vas general throughout the eastern half of the state. Demonstrations were. conducted on the control of this pest by the use of arsenical dusts. The results indicate that lead arsenate was superior to calcium arsenate- for this purpose. Application of the poison with power dusters did' not give as good results as when" the dust vas'applied with hand dusters. Equal parts of lead- arsenate and -a superfine dusting sulphur -vas the most effective dust mixture V'fhich was tried. Three applications of the dust gave a reduction of about 65% in the nu-nber of ears injured. The first upjlica.tion vias made '^icn tlie first ear in the planting showed silk, the second when about 6% of the ears had developed silk and the last aj,;lication was inade when the corn was in full silk and before, more than lOf^ of the had developed bro^-'n silk; To accomplish those results it is essential tLat the dust is thoroughly applied. Not only must the dust cover the silk and tips of the ears, but all ^arts of the husk should bo well covered, since about 25fb of the woras enter by cutting directly tl; rough the outer covering of the ear. About 12 to 15 pounds of dust are reouired to treat an acre of sweet corn for each application with hand dusters. : Aphids . Severe outbreaks of ajhis occurred on garden peas, in some of the et.-.ptcfn districts. A' ^ nicotine sulphate dust IS recoumended fbr.use tgaiuijt th^^se insects and it should be applied before tlie pea vines sl:..ov r.uy ^^'.-^ >reciable injury from the aphids . " ;. ■ "* " ears .. New Insecticides. The use cf. pyre thrum extracts, corabin-':- tions of pyrelJhrum and rotouorje and standardized insecticide soaos IS increasing among Pennsylvania £rov/ers. Pyrethrum being non- ' -poisonous to man makes It an excellent substitute for the poisonous arsenicala on vegetable cropfj vvhich must be treated immediately before harvest.. This materita can be used advantageously on beans againct the bean beetle after the pods have formed, and, also on tne various leaf or green crops such as lettuce, soinach, celery "na cJrr.rd on which the use of araenicals should be'aVoided. ' 3ever.il manufacturers £|,re now marketing liquid soa.js prepared from eocoanut fatty acid and a pota-ssium base. Some arQ liquid and contain 40?^ soap on a dry basis. They are more effective insecticides than laundry soap and contain a known amount of scan ^er unit and can tiius be measured with greater accuracy, a licuid soap 18 tnucl: easier to nix with cold water than is a hardqr sodium -oap thus saving much time in the preparation o.^ irtn teriala. " ^^^'^^^'***''— ' — ~— — ^ .. — _ ^-, ^ , IMIM Ml will 11 ' L. E. Crtwumer Ley/isburg^ Henna.. II HI .'. « K X. \ ASSOC Dean "fofts, Lcmberg of the Pennsylvania Vegetable Growers' eiation, and i?riend3 r ' ''# r» i( •t M k |. - 21 - My subject for discuesion this afternoon may iiot be very interesting to conmercial growers of vegetcibles, especially sinou it relates to ttie small unit of growing vegetafeieeiwhlcii; some miglit; consider as competing v^ith e. commercial gro:wer'.s busirjeas. But! assure 'you that in Union Covin ty, these small growers do not compete with commercial gr owe rs> In most instance's in Union • Cpunty, it would be impossible for tho average family to have vegetables throughout the year if they did not grow these tLeraaelve There ?^re no public markets, there are no hucksters, there are very few green grocery stores, and since uiost of the pbpalation lines on farms, it would be just impoasible for- many of the farm families to £(i;t ycgetables. Therefore, I ftelrtlaV.our program is -justified. ..■•*\I'. assure you that if more peppie.,voui'd develop an interest in th^growini, of vegetables, since most of them have no eash to buy them,, the health conditions would be griatly improved iind fewer people would need be fed from the "public trough" . * There is no que.stioni^in my mind that there: are many families in your counts W°*?^^ Ion relief" and are, b^int; fed by the public. If these" a«.«e 1 S l^iSTA°"i'^ *'^r used -a little, foresight. las.t spring and summer xy planting a -i.rden, s:uoh a .condition. Avould hat have existed this \vlntdr.' Of- course, it is Almost irniossioie to have a community' - Without this caiss of people who- will not and' cannot manage and help themselves. They would sooner ride around in automobiles and go fishing -and hunting thin trJce care of a garden. I havr very littl-e, sympathy for the adults of tlAc class but I am intensely lUtcre^ted in their. children and it behooves you and to« to sec ,that thes-e-little ones liavo plcntv to cat so that when they grow to manhood. and womanhood they will be ablc-bddied mi n and women to take a part in the world with you and me: •■ A^.i:^^^*'^*Srown vegetables may be produced under most difficult conditions; Tlie . soil and .climate of thO'sWte^ of U^e^n&ylvania. howevcri, are- favorable, for the production of vegetables and in most cases there are availabio;- mar ::ets for any surplus tliat might exist. ■-, The- home gv.rdcni .to be of thc^rfcritest value, must- fulfill a few needs.. First, it, should be i,;r£s for immediate nesd-s and for canning nnd winter storage. 17a w kinds, such a« tnnindnH^'"Ti;-.^'^^°'%?^T"''-e'^' &i>in:.ch. and rr.my others should be ir?i?nv?;"^^v '''' ^^-oul^ ^e at least, twenty-five different kinds of vegetables in every garden. ,;, . hoe cul • ■••■.- • • .- . ■•■..,•. The prdcn sho.uld -be planted in long rows so that a :tivator m.'."-y be uso^d ,to . iighten the vo.rk . ' Wheel '1 n-!.r^.poXi fea ?nL n °J ;;^f .u^ ^''*''^^"" ^•''^^'•y ^^=^^^^ ^"^ definite relation bet-iireen ' vP^?t?WY->^''^^^^' '^'??^°?"'=^ °^* especially the,:impQr.t.ncd of :'" ^ ' Sft tJin?.i? '^ ^veil.scieoted diet. yc-s,.,the ..roof has come to us mSde Srsiut'rn-^rg'n''^'-^'-^-^^^^^ ^« ::>romlnent ;,hysician niaae tnis stateraun-t concerning \;m use ^f^vege table q: • " "toen tiip • vegetables begin to, got, out, 6f the market, aS^hSc:;" off ?he Ixbles winter, I, as a plij'aician, must get busy .»•• - ' as thiey dp every ' '^ly docs to huraanlaealth? the consumption of vege tabic a! have a dircet • relation /Qgctcible& arc-ridh in rainorras; calcium to build boncs and tectli - iron :to build red blood cells* Aiivr^ rJj't^T^''^ "^V^ ^wnish-vitaiTiirts for. health, rionnal growth usId%o -e- rtcl^n.rf ^^''^^^ ■*? ^i^«^^^- The old nutritiono.l sloSn "! H !? .^^. ^^^"* y°^^ calorics," Todav the- max.im of good nutrition ^^U^^m f^,,----?! j;^. ie n^^..t:-?:.^^i- Eerlh^ J??^^P.^**r ^^''^^^'^-^"^^^^-"^ i? - loo. JuSfa -^ J -s • to'- ":•? °;;lJ.ri^Bvdn look after themselves! 5oW, : " im-oort4cJ -^^Tn^J'.' * ^v"*" ^it-"'inins arc .tliat have assumed 3^0^/ only o^c of v/^ich 1I nT^-^f 'f *'' ^''^r-^. ^^'^^i^y ^^^^ ">^"y "=^es7 . f vitnr,?-^£ 4,0+ • ,^^ "^^* *Jxcc;,)t on st'^t.^ occasions, so it iu- with wiat Jh?v ^ r^l-^""':^ '*'^°'''^ vi tanins, .vs- about- electricitf/ i s ^ ' ' frLnd ^I? -i?: J:;^ these vrlntxy month., -vitamin:, is our beut / infectin«"^V««? ^" eeneral- the resistiaco to diseases - ce^e'tiailv in Ii^L!t?.h Tt'? ••■.^''■■°!;°^'^^ gro^vth,. stimulates ..ovetitc .'and aide ihufl?e 1°?ively iro'ironc^'^Sy^S'l"''^^ ^"' olpccially^'SloK'' It is les. Joty ^'!^<^m^^^^^&^^^^ young pgaa, and toBatoes: t ' '■ " ''^.■°--*''.'^e«. l'-*.taoo. . oirtrote,, '' . • ; ; •• . • . . • • ,■ : ■• •••••- • • scurvy, ""ihif Sisca'c '"^orot^r^^I that v, re vent, the disease knov^n'as Of lack of vUa'l'rS in .Hi^ T^^nJ:^^-^^ '? ^°""^' children bpcause-.. vxi,c..zn u m tniiK. ,In.-3uf.iicicnt quantities ptjaJii.-. and mav result >>.n.r;;:;,^;:r;-.-?^'y:^:'V^-°5 fi-sinclousiy .Xike rheumatism ,yc,etables^^re important in holpihg..t^ keep the ai^ialinity^ •. cl. .ley arc outstanding for their, laxative ■• •• ■. of the blopd nor^^i health. The natu^niirrinr;;^^"'' use ifi a. distinct detriment to od it Bh^ld^S^Jy\i e^^^ reflected as nature intend- hcilthful foods. "^ ve^et^.b^cs m tiie diet ^ v/ith other - 24 - Our aooetite rebels against food that is poorly seaooned or unattractively served. Crisp rav; vegetables! Their high • yellows, greens, reds, aiid whites bring up visions of colorful and flavorsome vegetable meals. Yet, ail too frequently when cooked and served, these same vegetables have lost every vestige of their original beauty and flavor - and all because of poor cooking, 'ii/i'.at are the best methods of cooking vegetables'and can they be cooked successfully ^dthout water is one of the homenakers big problems, attempts to cook ^vegetables v/ithout water in a sauce pan on top of the ist-ove invites scorching and burning. * *Ve have found that cooking thevii. in just enough boiling water to coverthe bot toin of the utensil produces delicious ' and nutritions vegetables. T. ^. pan should be tightly covered throughout the' cooking period. In cooking cabbage, brussels sprouts, onions, anci strong, flavored vegetables, you may prefer a milder flavor tha.,n la produced by ' this method. In this case, cook such vegetables in a small quantity- boiling Water with, the cover off throughout the cooking period. The ajQoma will n-jt [.o through the house and the color will be better. "Will soda improve the color of vegetables?" is another question for the housewife. I prefer the natural color which is obtained by cooking "them as I just suggested. Soda tends to destroy 'the yitav^iins present. ^ As for the canned vegetables you use during the winter months, to bring tliem to the table deiiciously full-flavored, pour them, liquor and all, into a 3kiilet; turn on a full heat and boil them rapidly with stewpan uncovered until as much of the liquor as you desire is removed, oeason to taste and serve in their liquor. Today, w:-;en one remar^cs about a gbod dinner he has enjoyed at such a place, it is not al-vvays that common exrjression, "Oh, •Trpv ^ *^^^ ^®^* steak I" or "I hud the best cl.icken dinner!" cut That vegetable dinner surely ,^s tfgty and attiractive f" '.Ve are aod we should i;ive more thought to color ar^d consistency of our meals. To ex;?iain, cheese souffle, sreet .ootatoes, buttered carrots, and baked custard for. the same dinner sound weary because of sameness in color and consistency. To add wore spark to the meal, choose vegetables offering slarp contrast in texture ~ not cab .age and- s.)ina.ch. together but s .>inach and carrots or 3trin»j: beans and ste\ved corn. . " . * During the past year, stretching che family dollar has been tiie keynote of tlie home account. V/atch the itemized history of the Household dollar. Guard the food totalc i>ut prevent health co£.t&. novr? be there will e It is my hope that during this spring and summer v; ^A^% £^^'^^"s i"^ lots and backyards than in any year since th vorid ..ar. To provide the family with a variety of vegetables Uiroughout thd entire year, at least twenty-five different ones Should be planted. (i m II lif* ii I V. fll .. -.25. - frv -Flo ?'' "°* be afraid to struv from the beaten path to add zest 4?uJ^M I "? W'^^^tes by planting, Bone of: the newervegeLbles! ^haf- nv; ^i""^- ^^i^"fe to ,the cabba,.e fa.nily and are Ideal lor . i?H ;fZV°°^* ''''"":. ^°^ early winter. Tlus vegetable might Je conmarrd '.dth cabD.afee as a lemon Is c orn oared. wUh a grapefruit . ^omvarcd lemon t-If^'i^L^^^^''"^®— "^^^^" -. ''J^tricKtiy sepeaking, ' it is a' iernon tx.at has been given, a chance ana talcen advantage Jf. it." , varlot^'^i^r^^^T^ i:39.rly' Snowball the clief of Ireen- -^u-r^ fc^rden. would not be complete v/ithout mpnn^ r>«--^^*^5 ^"t,"^^'^'^ °'^*- ^'-^iss c.uard and Kale add to delicionc Sortant ?o^ fS^' J ^^'°protective fojdi;." he savs A^LJ^j?uJ^ ?ha^r?^^y^^^: ^^^r^''''^^ ^' ^-"-" i" si-?!^^, ... , 2. niey furnish vxtaminu for our well-being and building ,- -^i:S^t^' '-^'^ -calat..ody tlve.?aL".J1„l- *' fo'any'^ea?!^"' '■'^""' *'--^""^'' ^"* ™ricty. to add zest J . abundance, ^^Sli^i'^^llM^^^^ ^i^; ^d^^^^?tr^^^ protect hSaUh,Sy°?uJ°^?ig^J^, • iresorve. a:,d .rosier ^^^o.^n.^^ov^rfv -^^^C^"* "^^^^n. -^^ant , diet because they look co?d' tS.S L J^^ those .vegotabUs irv the you. ■■■ ■: ^-^.cy^oPk £opa, tiiey taste good, and they are .g ood for • .... • .„ , . . ■ . . . . • • , :.:•> ■ ^ •....."•.. ■ THE 'T^vj Q? vi;gis:;!ael3s • . . '""".' : Grace i-. Bacon ' ' • ^ • ■ f- by-referriS%o^t^P vffl l^^*^^!^ in £he di^t. pay .e ^omA>aat.. ^o^^'o^t^r^^^'i^^fi'^^J!^'^^^^-' f:i<^ vcgo tables a-ro: .. r strong bones, tle^J'a^i^^SeJ't t ° ranffft^^S^tTini^^.' '^^'^'^"'"^' of health in adults T^-'viLmfna^ persons., and for -.maintenance body to rnake thrls^ ^os3r^^ u^. r^f ^^^-'^.^^^^^ iael;ps the body building. ^ ,'^^t. ^°^-.i"-^' "->' ^f ^^P.ds.r »oth fuel -fo-raint. and if - 26 - Vegetables f or Linerals ♦ -^ ■ tiVMt^aMatfMiti*^ - The vegu cablea* Iibtud in the tabte-lBLov/. contain ..the minerals designated a,t:....t]rx.e:.h.ead of each column, in sufficient nuantity to make them important sources'" of 'suprji-y .• - .... S^«*»»' ♦ Itinera is in Different Vegetables * - " ' ' ■■"■ »i I. lijiiiiii ^m I iiTTi I 111 ■ t -jiM ■'*>^*«*** Caloium.*'i*-.» "If- pj'jQfiphorus Iron A'^'^Mh- •• 1»,- ...... Asparagus Beet Greens * Cabbage Carrots /^ Caul 1 f i'oW6 r Celery Chard Dand'plioh Greens Kalev Kohl.-rabi Lettuce •"•••• % *,r '*«*j».i»«** ■«.*#■ * • .Vl&. « ■ 'li-V^^Vivk^AiJ^ « V*.* .^^ ., ,--^ (4 . Rhubarti) Rutabaga Spinach ' « »,♦ «**>.. •••**TI *■« >? • « \. Beans .- ' . ". . ;,. Brussels ^Sprouts "'Celery Da ride 1 i oil- - Groo na iCale • Kphl-rabi Le-t-t uco ;'Parsnix)^- :*^ ' Peas - Puin]>kin Spinacji^ ■-WM»%- •W»- .^tring beans.. .. -X^'.^.' -•■••. rn^y.^ I'y^ a -.-^^ i^i. » .« <*i» iwrn . • ■ i^ - ,^^^.. «-*-»-.-—« *.-^«.-#. •♦; • " ~" ••*•"! ...» , . • N * .- fcV.. ..-• ' -#^ •^■^■•i Asparagus Beanj Beet Greons Cabbage Gauiifior/c'r Celery CLard I)andeii 60 Greens . ..... .,;.^, Kgg;j)lant . . . Koiil-rabi '* .......V-.-. . . Lettuce .Veajers ;-^ptatoes (v/hite) ^. ^fihubarb .gpinach Tomatoes ^ t^^im^. c*°«IM • ♦'".••^^-^ «*.•«»..,.•. .« -.« ••. — . . -NA! #•-:»" ^ m xfcluM I M ' ' ^geljablss for '"/itamins ••■••••, • ••- • ' • . . * "v.»r~'l~" ' ^^^^^.-ft'PJ^ Q^^^o tc^s.. growth and well -.being,,' and builds up o^cf -d??L-^; '"J'?^^°"^' ^" ^^"^ ^=^^^' j^rticuilrlytp colds and wm ^w^? tV ^^^^ air paasuge.3, eyes, .and lungs., .Vegetables '^'.*tf:^£'^l"i:i51^.»^^°r yellow, color are. richest in this vitamin. '"';;-' Vi tatnlTi B '^orptno tn a grov/th ;3U']d incrTase's ap^et^ » ■•■,-■ and mil^Sce: '? .^^^-^^.i^^ /^^ t.calthy .b.o.nri:;;d''Iort^ foxtnation .■C-. .V.I ••• ... --■h •".. i. dif-p«>wA^^^"'^"i? porao-tcs growth a«d stimulaVcs api>etitr.' It therefore ?L!^v^" ? '!" being- relatively gex^. haat -stable, and is tncrerore less subject to loss in Gooking. table bSow?;!!-^!?.°i°"-?* °^ different vegetables, is shown in the auLc peiow. In each column, the 4- al^n Hhov/c f.>,i.+ >>,,, «< i..,-.v, ^ -> 4_ I ■it it 1 I) ' II I 'I f II I ! -27- Vitamin Content of Different Vegetables !■» I« '■ Vegetable Asparagus 'Vitamin A Vit:!**!!!!!. B Vitamin C^ Vitarun G. Varies wit-h green color -f + t Bean sorouts lW>i »i iS a n.3 .... . 8 1 r4 na4.r/- ±. IvMMi •ft •ft 4- ^^ jfc. ±J^ abba^e , hoad ^ p o ok'e d abbage , sauerkraut antaioupe arrote, young, raw qtrrots, stored auiirlower ±. ■ -h-^r-: >«!.»■ I. "^w» iii^w^w^waw ^ kt ■ Lettuce ttkra >.,-/',4T'r iuL OnioQS, ravv^ Onions > cooked ^1*1 *■»■ •«*■»*< ^rsley ParsniT)3 ^eas, fresh green — — — — —>* « Volume 3 Cctolcr 1933 No.2 Publication of the Pennsylvania Vegetable Growers' Association V/illiam G. Zenker, Bustleton - President Harry G. Brackbill, I-Ialvern - Vice-President ^, B. Mack, State College - Secretary-Treasurer •»■■»■' The annual meeting of th. Pennsylvania Vegetable urowers' Association will be held as usual, in connection with the Pennsylvania 7arm Show, at Harrisburg, on January 16 and 17, 1934. W AH TED: SUGGESTIONS ?0R HiE PROGRAIJ Below is a list of possible subjects* This list does not include all the ^ood ones and i'ou rnav have some in mind. Now is the time to express your preference. Help the Proi^rain Committee by number ing the suggested tojics in the order of your preference, or write in preferred subjects in the blaik spaces provided. If you have any suggestions regarding speakers, write their names in the spaces pro- vided. Return your list at your earliest convenience to '7. B. Mack Horticulture Building State College, Pa* Beans and Peas Celery and salad crops ™ Cucumbers and vine croos Ront crops Other cro.os Xiw^l— »■► -^^fc— ■ Ip •• ' Varieties: New hybrid inbred varieties of sweet corn, market quality ^ _ New strains of canning and inarYeT tomaTo'es" Varieties of beans and peas Varieties of celery and Lettuce" Varieties of other crops their adaptability and Disease and Insect Control Seed treatment and soil sterilization Disease resistance and immunity Important insect pests of 1933 »V»^M Black rot and black leg of cabbage and r'elated"*cro,js' Other diseases and insects f II Subject Soil fertility in General Lime rer^uireraent and acidity Row applications of fertilizer Nitroei^enoue fertilizer materials Green manures and cover crops Other sugi^ested topics on fertility Order of Preference ^^— «— t » » ^^W* ' i^i>- ■! !■ mi ■ ■ II II— I ^>— ^ .«•• Marketing in General Cit2' farmers' markets The new Deal and Ve^ietaTDle Growers Trends in marketing Nc'/v developments in storage Other suggested to;;)ics on marketing «MMa«* ^m^^mn^^^ ■ m II— ■» I I P f Crops Sweet corn Tomatoes Cabbage Spinach and Greens Other subjects: »i ' > ■-^pi— iia^. --> ■■ 1^1 M I ^' HORTI C^JLTURB WEK AT STATE COLLEGE December 12, 13, 14. 1933 The special topi culture Week this year is th fundamental principles of in te illustrated for^all growe discucsed by separate groups florists and nurserymen. Gr disease and insect problems, production. All who are int meetings • Discussions will staff; a few outside speaker c for discussion during the Annual Eorti- 3 control of insects and diseases. Tl'.e sect and disease spread and infection will rs, and practical ay plications will be of vegetable growers, fruit growexs, and o.vers* round tables vvill be held on as well as on oth^r phases of vegetable crested are urged to be present during the be led mainly by memb;.rs of the college s may be featured. LATEST Iir^ORIiATION ON STORAGE 01? CliXERY i«»^a During the past three or four seasons, the trench method Ij^f storing celery, ordin-Tily a successlul method, resulted in serious losses in many cases because the weatl or wr^s wamer ti an usual during I'^te 3?all and early Yinter. Rots, which result from the condensation "Jf moisture always occurrine^ when the air temperature is higher than the temperature in the trench, caused most of the damage. i! H^ i.>^l ,. .1 ill ) •■••■•*•* '• •• ** • IM lltil it ill ...*^- - ; ^n . i Such regardless of the The trench method type of common or wilt, and some gr storage period, of temporary stor in which trench s followed, the fol condensati care ex^^e , however, unrefrige ov/th of he Trenching age. 'S^r to rage is lowing pre on is unavoidable under these circumstances, nded in constructing well-drained trenches, has certain advantages over any other rated storage, in that the plants do not art and some blanching occur during the is a cheao and usually an economical method these reasons, there are numerous cases to be recommended. Wlien it is the method cautions should be observed: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Only bli£ht-.free, healthy celery should be stored. Roots should not be trimmed, except that some of the root system is cut off when the plants are lifted. Only dead leaves should oe removed. The trench should be well drained, and deep enough that the tops extend only slightly above the level of the ground. The covering should not be placed over the trench until cold weather arrives, and only such covering should be supplied as is necessary to keep the leaves from freezing. Tops should be dry when celery is trenched, and should always be kept dry during storage. Cold storage is becoming the most popular method for celery, among commercial growers. The plants are untrimmed, both tops and roots, except for the removal of dead leaves around the out- side of the crown. Ci-lery is packed in slatted cjr-tes, and stored at 3l'^-320 F. The leaves should be kept dry. as in trench storage. If any blanching is done, it must be completed before the celery is placed in storage, because no heart growth nor blanching occur at the temperature specified. li'or these reasons, strains of Easy Blanching, such as Pull Heart, are preferred for cold storage in the Philadelphia district, though other varieties, such as 3*ordhook, Pascal, and \¥inter Q,ucen have been stored very satisfactorily. SPINACH VAFJETY TRIALS AT STATE COLLEGE III 1933. Tw^ variety trials of spinach were conducted at State College in 1933, one in early Spring* and a second in the Fall, the results of which are now just complete. Altogether, twenty-five varieties and strains, from ten different seed sources, were included, in the two trials. Of the seed companies represented, nine are American and one a Holland firm. Particular attention was ^^aid to strains of the varieties Bloomsdale Savoy, Longstanding Bloomsdale, Virginia Savoy, Giant Thick Leaf (Giant .lobel or Nobel Uaudry) and King of Denmark. In the Sprin(^ trials, the Bloomsdale strains v/ere test, as compared 7ith other varieties. They attained larger size, were satisfactorily longstanding, dark green in color, fairly upri^^ht, and beautifully savoyed. Lupton's Bloomsdale Savoy, Stokes* Dark Green Bloomsdale, Landreth* s*31oomsdale Reselected and Bloomsdale ^ong-Standing, Forbes* Lon^sta^iding Savoy, and Associated Seed Growers' Longstanding Bloomsdale were among the most satisfact'^ry strains. The so-calLed Bloomsdale, Bloomsdale Savoy or Bloomsdale Reselected strains were a little more erect than the Longstanding Bloomsdale strains, and were only a little less longstanding. (The erect character of a variety is important, in that the plants are easi:-r to c^t, and less grit splashes upon the leaves during rainstorms). 1 ii .1 ii •i^i* \r 0 '1 i i r, ni «. «- Several strains of Longstanding Gav.dvy v/ere quite satis factory in the longstanding character, but they did not attain the size nor thickness of leaf as did the Bloomsdalc and other Savoy varieties, nor were they as dark in color. In the fall trials, very satisfactory; the vir^^inia erect and taller, though somewh variety are quite long. Landre many of the desirable character Bloomsdale ; it is a little more strains, and is as uorij^ht and reputed to be more blight resis desirable in other traits, bein upright than the standard Vir^i the Bloomsdale strains v;ere again Savoy strains, however, were more at less savoycd. The petioles of this th^s Bloomsdale Virginia Savoy comoines istics of both Virginia Savoy and savoyed than the usual Virginia Savoy tall as the others. Old Dominion, tant than Virginia Savoy, was less g smaller, less savoyed, and less nia Savoy ty je . It is not longstanding m\ The Giant Thick Leaf, Viroflay, Gaudry, and Hobel strains, also appeared to (^^ood advantage in the fall trials. These strains do not p.resent as attractive an ap:)earance in the basket as do the Savoy varieties, but they have certain ver; desirable cliaracteristics . "fhen they are well grov/n, they are heavy, thick-leaved, and smooth, and because of the latter characteristic are less gritty, more easily cleaned and thus more agreeable to eat. Two new varieties fr-^m Zwaan and de 7iljes Holland seed gro.vers, namely Standwell Prickly and Kollandia i^rickly, .vere unusual- ly large and thick-leaved in the Pall trials. Both were low gr'^wing, broad, and shiny, very dark green, and a little less tender than othe? vartctiest but were by far the best in flavor of any of the vnrirtic^ tested^ .1. II \^ .' k, • ;■*■■■ il t ^ •?f:' £ . 1 ill I. '^♦4W* ♦?ii. 4l W •^^.i^ # 0i^ '• f, ?J|"«? W^' *i^>' w4 ,v wwi^ii. \''f * i: vf>r 01 "^rty r>-^ r^? • \j N.*^ t Volume 3 PENNSYLVANIA VBGETA3LI: GROWERS < ^EWS . Decer.it'er 1933 Ho. 3 ;. I Publication of the Pennsylvania Vegetable Growers' Association ?■■♦ ^7illiam G. "Tenker, Bustle ton Harry G. Braclcbill, Malvern 'Varren B* Mack, State College President Vice-President Sec'y .-Treasurer. The following is the program for the annual meeting, to be held in connection with the Pennsylvania Farm Show, in Room E, Fairo Show Building, January 16 and 1*7, 1934. t. I 11 n p u Tuesday Morning at 9t30 Pres, William G. -Zenker, Bustieton, Chairman Vegetable Crop Rotations - t. B. Mack, State College Influence of Soil Reaction and Organic Matter on the Grov/th of Vegetable Croos (illustrated) - H.H. Zimnerley, Director of Virginia Truck Experiment Station, Norfolk, Virginia. Nitrogenous Fertilizers and their Use - G.J. Stout, State College* Irrigation with Porous Canvas Hose - J.R^Haswell, State College ♦ Tuesday Afternoon at lr30 Vice-President, K.G* Brackbill, Malvern, Chairman. Address by the President - '7*G »7/enker, Bustieton. Business Session. Diseases of Cabbai^e and Related Crops (Illustrated) - G. L. I. Zundel, State College. Important Vegetable Diseases of 1933, and Suggestions for Disease Control in 1934 (Illustrated) - R. S. Kirby, State College. Important Vegetable Insects of 1933, and Suggesti'^ns "for Insect C-^ntrol in 1934 (illustrated) -L. B. Smith, State College. Soil-inhabiting Pests; the Tomato Pinworm, and Insect Pest New in Pennsylvania (illustrated) - C.A. Thomas, Bustle ton . Growers' Round Table on Diseases and Insect Pests of Vegetable Crops. Wednesday Morning at 9:00 '7# G. V/enker, Chariraan. Breeding New Varieties of Cabbage and Sweet Corn (Illustrated) - C. E. Myers, State College. Variety and Strain Tests of Vegetables in 1933 (lllus* trated) - J.M. Huffington, State College. Recent Improvements in Eastern Virginia in the Preparation of Vegetables for Market (Illustrated)- K. H. Zimmerley, Director of Virginia Truck Exper- iment Station, Norfolk, Virginia. The Agricultural Adjustment Administration and the Vegetable Grower - F. P. Weaver, State College. 'r' 'I \ 3 -. *- ' .1 • '■ -• ■ • \\i * . • I . It .. ^ • •* I • -2- ■Vednesday Aftern-^on at 1:30 Dean R. L. 7/atts, State College, Chairman The Vegetable Insect and Disease C-ntrol Prngram in Philadelphia Cnuaty • C. K. Kallowell, PhUadel- 1 • ... Results of Celery Spraying Demonstration on my i-arta Stanley Q. Beclcer, Philadelphia « i. ' The VegetabU Variety Program in Allegheny County - Hi R. Ehy, Pittsburgh. The Vegetable- Marketing Program in Luzerne County - Ji M. Hutchinson, ./ilkes-Barre . Vegetable Variety Demonstration on my Faim. - R. R. Braden, Berwick. . r, •, i '•/ -r Vegetable Growing Projects m Pennsylvania - v/. 3. Hissley. State College* , „ , 4. • New Ideas in Vegetable Production and Marketing - Growers' question Box and Round Table. The call f Not all topics which because of " the time were received after was given to the sub Other subjects membe speakers on closely inf'^rmation desired or t)rogram suggestions met with a good response. we?e Suggested could be included in the program, limit of two days, and because some sugge^stions the program was s.nt to tic .printer. Preference jeots for which most members showed preference, rs requested, however, are being given to - related topics, and, as nearly as possible, all will be tDresented, under one subject or another. Every effort should be made by members to make the program a big succers7aSd to make the exhibit of vegetables attractive and impressive . Ti^Am.Y HA^BAGE VARIETY TRIALS AT STftTE COLLEGE IN 1933 In 1933. seven strains of Golden Acre, three of Copenhagen Market, and three- of Enkhinzen Glory were compared on the College fSrms Several of the Golden Acre strains were designated by dt^^i^guishing names, such as Special. Viking Super Strain etc. while the remainder were named simply Golden Acre .All seven strains of G'^lden Acre were similar in many respects, as were J^^o two strains of Copenhagen Market, which could scarcely be ^^^tingui.hed fr-m the Goldin Acres, either in appearance, "zo, or earliness. The G-^lden Acre Special strain of Joseph Harris and the Super strain of Forbes were slightly smaller, ^"^ ^:^^^"^^°S/JH?^!r;nnn3 and time of maturity, than the other strains. The differences, however, were small, and all strains produced a very satisfactory crop. ^. Large Late Cooenhagen and Enkhinger Glory matured \t about the same time! nearly three weeks later than th%G^iJen Acre strains, which matured in about 135 days after the time of needing. Hairis strain of Enkhinzerr Glory was a little more uniform than the othdj strains, both in size and shape of heads. This variety appeared to be quite satisfactory as a second early or midseason cabbage. l! • IRREGULAR PAGINATION V'i III .3- ,t Marion Market, a yellows-resistant Copenhagen Market straij matured about midway between the Golden Acre and the Late Copcnhagou' or Enkhinzen strains. This strain is uniform, short-.stemmed*, medium in size, and seems a desirable second early, even if the yellows disease is not troublesome. . .' ii — • N I •i'. ' ■^• . ■ » till t • • > «•« %<^-J^;