driemaandelijks tijdschrift van de VLAAMSE VERENIGING VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE Afgiftekantoor 2170 Merksem 1 Periode: juli - augustus - september 2007 ISSN 0771-5277 Erkenningsnr. P209674 Redactie: Dr. J.-P. Borie (Compiègne, France), Dr. L. De Bruyn (Antwerpen), T. C. Garrevoet (Antwerpen), B. Goater (Chandlers Ford, England), Dr. K. Maes (Tervuren), Dr. K. Martens (Brussel), H. van Oorschot (Amsterdam), W. O. De Prins (Leefdaal). Redactie-adres: W. O. De Prins, Leefdaal 40 1B, B-3061 Leefdaal (Belgium). e-mail: willy.de.prins@telenet.be. Abstract. From 30 specimens, all caught in the south-eastem Turkish provinces of Hakkari and Van, Exoprosopa ahtamara sp. nov. is described. The new species is compared with closely related species in the genus Exoprosopa , but also with some species from the genus Hemipenthes which have a very similar extemal morphology. Samenvatting. Een nieuwe soort uit het genus Exoprosopa (Diptera: Bombyliidae) uit Turkije Aan de hand van 30 exemplaren, verzameld in de zuidoostelijke Turkse provincies Van en Hakkari, wordt Exoprosopa ahtamara sp. nov. beschreven. De nieuwe soort wordt vergeleken met de nauw verwante soorten uit het genus Exoprosopa, maar ook met enkele soorten uit Hemipenthes waarvan de externe morfologie sterk op die van de nieuwe soort lijkt. Résumé. Une nouvelle espèce du genre Exoprosopa (Diptera: Bombyliidae) de la Turquie Avec 30 exemplaires, tous capturés dans les provinces Hakkari et Van dans le sud-est de la Turquie, Exoprosopa ahtamara sp. nov. est décrit. La nouvelle espèce est comparée avec quelques espèces apparentée dans le genre Exoprosopa, mais aussi avec quelques espèces du genre Hemipenthes, qui ont une morphologie externe ressemblant beaucoup celle de la nouvelle espèce. Key words. Exoprosopa ahtamara sp. nov. - Description - Turkey. Dils, J.: Krekelberg 149, B-2940 Hoevenen, Belgium.jos.dils@pandora.be. Özbek, Prof. Dr. H.: Plant Protection Department, College of Agriculture, Atatürk University, TR-25240 Erzurum, Turkey. hozbek@atauni.edu.tr. In the period 1987-2005, 30 specimens of a bombyloid fly were caught in the South-Eastem Turkish provinces of Hakkari and Van. In the annotated keys to the genera of African Bombylioidea (Diptera: Bombyliidae, Mythicomyiidae) by Greathead & Evenhuis (2000), these specimens run to the genus Exoprosopa A new species of the genus Exoprost Bombyliidae) from Turkey Jozef Dils & Hikmet Özbek Jaargang 35, nummer 3 Introduction and apparently belong to a new species within this genus. The species has a rounded face, bud spines at the base of the claws and 3 submarginal cells. At first glance, the species looks like Hemipenthes morio (Linnaeus, 1758) (Fig. 3) a very common and widely distributed species. Paramonow (1928: 285) described Hemipenthes exoprosopoides, a species with 3 submarginal cells but without spines at the base of the claws, as follows: "Wie das aussere Aussehen, so zeigen auch die anderen Merkmale, dass wir es trotz der Anwesenheit von 3 Submarginalzellen mit einem Vertreter der Gattung Hemipenthes (H. velutinus nahe verwandt) zu tun haben. Anwesend sind alle Merkmale der Gattung Hemipenthes'. Gesicht abgerundet, nicht vortretend; Stim des Mannchens ausserordentlich schmal; das 3. Fühlerglied zwiebelformig, mit langem Griffel; Krallen nicht gezahnt; der obere Ast der 3. Langsader sehr weit vom Hinterrand abzweigend (die Strecke bis zum Hinterrand 1,5 mal kleiner als die Strecke zur Basis der 2. Langsader)." Zaitsev (1976) described Exoprosopa pullata from a female, an Exoprosopa species with a dark-brown basal infuscation and with distinct teeth at the base of the claws. The genitalia of Exoprosopa species are very variable and provide no characters for a more defmite classification, neither in the male genitalia nor in the spermatheca. We are persuaded that a careful examination of specimens in collections of Hemipenthes morio and Hemipenthes velutina (Meigen, 1820) from Turkey and the Middle East will reveal several specimens of the species described in this paper. As this species is comparable to Hemipenthes morio , a very widely distributed species in the Palaearctic region, the description of Exoprosopa ahtamara sp. n., can be kept short. Diagnosis The male Exoprosopa ahtamara sp. n. is immediately distinguished from H. morio by the white scales on t6-7, that of the female by the absence of brown hairs on the collar, on the metapleurae and on terga 1-2. From Exoprosopa pullata Zaitzev the new species is distinguished by the shape of the flagellum, which is conical and onion-shaped in E. ahtamara sp. n., and, like in the female of H. morio , by the absence of brown hairs on the collar, on the metapleurae and on terga 1-2. Exoprosopa ahtamara sp. n. Material examined: Holotype (7, Turkey, Van, Kuskun Kiran Ge9idi, N 38°23T3,5" E 42°47'42,0", 2300 m, 14/07/2004, leg. Dils J. & Faes J., in coll. ZMAN (Instituut voor Taxonomische Zoölogie, Universiteit van Amsterdam). Paratypes: 5(7 + 8$, Turkey, Van, Kuskun Kiran Ge9idi, 2300 m, N 38°23T3,5" E 42°47'42,0", 14/07/2004, leg. Dils J. & Faes J.; 1(7, Turkey, Van, Kuskun Kiran Ge9idi, 2100 m, 29/07/1992, leg. Lucas J. A. W.; 1$, Turkey, Hakkari, Yüksekova, 1700 m, 28/06/1987, leg. Zwakhals C. J.; 5(7 + 1$, Turkey, Van, Geva§, N 38°16T0,6" E 43°04T,3", 2000 m, 16/07/2004, leg. Dils J. & Faes J.; 1(7, Turkey, Van, Geva§, N 38°16'30,8" E 43°03'52,5", 1868 m, 17/07/2005, leg. Dils J. & Faes J.; 4c7 + 2$, Turkey, Van, Geva§, N 38°16'30,8" E 43°03’52,5", 1868 m, 11/07/2005, leg. Dils J. & Faes J.; Phegea 35 (3) (l.IX.2007): 82 1$, Turkey, Van, Edremit, 15 km SW Van, 1750 m, 5-6/7/1992, leg. Van Der Poorten D. & De Prins W.; in coll. Ataturk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, TR-25240 Erzurum, Turkey, JDPC (J. Dils personal collection, Stabroek, Belgium). Fig. 1-2: Exoprosopa ahtamara sp. n., Holotype S, Turkey, Van, Kuskun Kiran Ge9idi, N 38°23T3,5" E 42°47'42,0", 2300 m, 14/07/2004, leg. Dils J. & Faes J., in coll. ZMAN (Instituut voor Taxonomische Zoölogie, Universiteit van Amsterdam); 1.- Dorsal view; 2.- Tip of abdomen. Fig. 3: Hemipenthes morio L. §, left wing. Description: $\ He ad: Ground colour shining black. All hairs and scales black. Face protruding but rounded. Proboscis not protruding the bucal cavity. All hairs on antenna black, flagellum pear (onion) shaped with an equally long flagellum and a short flagellomere. Thorax: Ground colour shining black, all hairs and scales black. Hairs on plumula white. Wings: 3 submarginal cells, black marking more or less as in Hemipenthes morio but Cu2 and Al posterior not completely fdled black. Squama black. Haltera stem light brown, knob white. Abdomen: Ground colour black. Hairs and scales on terga 1-5 black, terga 6-7 with white hairs and scales. (Fig. 1). Legs: Black with black hairs and scales, no pulvilla. Spines at claws, pulvilla absent. No spines on tibia 1. $ : The female is identical to the male except for the thoracical hairs on the plumula which are black, the absence of white hairs and scales at t6-7, the black marking on the wing which posteriorly extend to the wing margin, fdling Cu2 and Al completely black. Phegea 35 (3) (l.IX.2007): 83 Etymology: The species in named after a small island on the south side of lake Van situated in South-East Turkey. Acknowledgments We wish to thank the late Dr. David Greathead for his generous and indispensable help. We also thank W. De Prins, J. A. W. Lucas, D. Van Der Poorten, and C. J. Zwakhals for their assistance in collecting some of the material. Literature Engel, E. O. 1938. Bombyliidae. - In: Lindner, E. (ed.) Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region , p. 1-48. Vol. 4, pt. 3. E. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart. [The entire work was issued in 12 Lieferungen from 1932 to 1937 as follows: p. 1-48 (7 September 1932); p. 49-96 (2 November 1932); p. 97- 144 (1 February 1933); p. 145-192 (20 December 1933); p. 193-256 (4 September 1934); p. 257-304 (6 February 1935); p. 305-352 (13 March 1935); p.353-400 (9 May 1935); p. 401-448 (18 May 1936); p. 449-512 (8 September 1936); p. 513-560 (8 December 1936); p. 561-619 (26 July 1937). Dated from a tip-in sheet bound with the completed series in 1937]. Greathead, D. & Evenhuis N. L. 2000. Annotated keys to the genera of African Bombylioidea (Diptera: Bombyliidae; Mythicomyiidae). — African Invertebrates, Pietermaritzburg 42: 1 05 — 224. Paramonow, S. J. 1928. Beitrage zur Monographie der Gattung Exoprosopa. — Trudy Fiz.-Mat. Vidd. Ukr. Akad. Nauk 6(2): 181-303. (before March) [The wrapper has the first word in the title correctly spelled as “Beitrage”. Dated from Nat. Novit. Also published simultaneously in Zbirn.Prats.Zool.Muz. 4: 1-125]. Zaitsev, V. F. 1976. The Bee flies (Diptera, Bombyliidae) of Iraq. — Entomological Review 55: 131— 135. Phegea 35 (3) (l.IX.2007): 84 Preliminary work on the moth fauna (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) of Kazdagi National Park - II (Turkey) Selma Seven Abstract. In this study, moth specimens collected from Kazdagi National Park are evaluated and 32 taxa belonging to 12 families are identified. All of the species have been recorded for the first time from Kazdagi National Park. Syndemis musculana (Hübner, [1799]), known from Turkey with uncertain locality record, has been recorded with an exact locality for the first time. The distribution in Turkey of Pancalia schwarzella (Fabricius, 1798) and Eudonia mercurella (Linnaeus, 1758) are discussed. Pyrausta ostrinalis (Hübner, 1796) is recorded for the first time for the Turkish Crambidae fauna. Samenvatting. Voorlopig studie van de nachtvlinderfauna (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) van het Kazdagi Nationaalpark - II (Turkije) In deze studie worden de 32 Heterocera-taxa uit 12 families, verzameld in het Kazdagi Nationaalpark, besproken. Al deze soorten worden voor het eerst uit dit gebied vermeld. Syndemis musculana (Hübner, [1799]), voordien bekend uit Turkije zonder enige vindplaats, wordt hier voor het eerst met een duidelijke lokaliteit vermeld. De verspreiding in Turkije van Pancalia schwarzella (Fabricius, 1798) en Eudonia mercurella (Linnaeus, 1758) wordt besproken. Pyrausta ostrinalis (Hübner, 1796) wordt hier voor het eerst uit Turkije vermeld. Résumé. Etude préliminaire des hétérocères (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) du Parque National de Kazdagi - II (Turquie) Dans cette étude les 32 taxa d'hétérocères appartenant a 12 families, capturés dans le Parque National de Kazdagi, sont discutés. Toutes ces espèces sont mentionnées pour la première fois de ce parque. Syndemis musculana (Hübner, [1799]), auparavant seulement connu de Turquie sans localité précise, est mentionné ici pour la première fois avec certitude. La distribution en Turquie de Pancalia schwarzella (Fabricius, 1798) et de Eudonia mercurella (Linnaeus, 1758) est commentée. Pyrausta ostrinalis (Hübner, 1796) est mentionnée ici pour la première fois de la Turquie. Key words: Lepidoptera - National Park - first record - faunistics - Turkey. Seven, S.: Gazi Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Biyoloji Bölümü Teknikokullar /Ankara (selma@gazi.edu.tr). Introduction The Kazdagi National Park is situated in the north-west of Turkey at the border of the Edremit county (Bahkesir province) and north of the Edremit gulf. It is the highest elevation of the Biga peninsula which separates the Ege and Marmara regions. The highest mountain of Kazdagi National Park is Karata§ Hill with an altitude of 1774 m. In this park, until 700-800 m Pinus brutia is present, and until 1400 m, mixed with Pinus brutia , are other tree species like Fagus and Abies. Also, the park has a rich flora in terms of medical plants like Thymus, Salvia, Rhus coriaria together with Castanea, Quercus , Alnus, Platanus orientalis, and sometimes Cistus, Erica , Prunus spinosa, Rubus sp. National Parks and Nature Protection Areas are very important due to the fact that they represent the faunistic and floristic structure of their region. Nevertheless, only a few faunistic studies about national parks in Turkey have been published. The only work known is about the Gelibolu Peninsula National Park (Karatepe 1997). The Lepidoptera of Kazdagi National Park have been Phegea 35 (3) (l.IX.2007): 85 identified for the first time during this study. The butterflies were submitted as a separate publication (Seven 2006), and have been treated as a separate group due to including some important and interesting records, giving some important data about the research area and being a basic work for detailed studies in the future, The moths of Kazdagi National Park are treated in the present paper and listed with their synonyms. Studies including some important records for the research area are Mann (1861, 1862), Staudinger (1878, 1881), and Hacker (1990). Works used for the identication of some moth specimens are: Bleszynski (1965), Back (1973), Kuznetzov (1978), Lvovski (1981), Zagulyaev & Sinev (1981), Hacker (1989), Roesler (1993), Arenberger (1995), de Freina (1997), Naumann et al. (1999), and Koster & Sinev (2003). Material and Methods Field expeditions were carried out in the research area between the years 2004-2005. Specimens were collected with a light trap and placed in triangle papers by using pliers. After that, they were relaxed in a softening container in the laboratory, spread on setting boards according to museum material methods, dried and placed in collection boxes after labelling. The genital preparation number (GP) has been added when appropriate. Oecophoridae Pleurota pyropella ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Material examined: Bahkesir, Edremit, Kazdagi, Kampalam, 0800 m, 04.06.2005, 4c? (GP2065c?). Cosmopterigidae Pancalia schwarzella (Fabricius, 1798) Syn: latreillella Curtis, 1830. Material examined: Bahkesir, Edremit, Kazdagi, Zirve, 1700 m 17.07.2005, 4c?? (GP2006c?). Sesiidae Chamaesphecia thracica Lastuvka, 1983 Material examined: Bahkesir, Edremit, Kazdagi, Zirve, 1700 m, 17.07.2005, lS (GP2067c?). Zygaenidae Adscita statices (Linnaeus, 1758) Syn: turcosa Retzius, 1783; heuseri Reichl, 1964. Material examined: Bahkesir, Edremit, Kazdagi, Kamp alam, 0800 m, 04.06.2005, 6c? 3?; 16.07.2005 6? (GP2070c?). Jordanita subsolana (Staudinger, 1862) Material examined: Bahkesir, Edremit, Kazdagi, Tozlu mevkii, 1200 m, 17.07.2005, 2c? 5?; Zirve, 1700 m, lc? 1? (GP2068c?, GP2069c?). Phegea 35 (3) (l.IX.2007): 86 Zygaena filipendulae (Linnaeus, 1758) Syn: aries Retzius, 1783. Material examined: Balikesir, Edremit, Kazdagi, Tozlu mevkii, 1067 m, 03.07.2004, lg (leg. Y. Durmu§), 1200 m, 17.07.2005, 2g; Kamp alam, 0800 m, 16.07.2005, 2?. Zygaena lonicerae (Scheven, 1777) Syn: graminis Villers, 1789; reichei Dujardin, 1965; microdoxa Dujardin, 1965. Material examined: Balikesir, Edremit, Kazdagi, Tozlu mevkii, 1067 m, 03.07.2004, 1? (leg. Y. Durmu§), 1200 m, 17.07.2005, 2 3 2$. Tortricidae Syndemis musculana (Hübner, [1799]) Syn: musculinana Kennel, 1899; nipponensis Yasuda, 1975. Material examined: Balikesir, Edremit, Kazdagi, Tozlu mevkii, 1200 m, 05.06.2005, \3 (GP2063c?). Pterophoridae Emmelina monodactyla (Linnaeus, 1758) Syn: sibiricus Caradja, 1920. Material examined: Balikesir, Edremit, Kazdagi, Zeytinli, 0150 m, 06.06.2005, 13 (GP2059c?). Pyralidae Synaphe mo/davica (Esper, 1794) Syn: schmidti Hartig, 1941. Material examined: Balikesir, Edremit, Kazdagi, Kamp alam, 0800 m, 04.06.2005, 9 3; Hasanboguldu, 0200 m, 06.06.2005, 3c?. Endotricha flammealis ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Syn: carnealis De Lattin, 1951. Material examined: Balikesir, Edremit, Kazdagi, Kamp alam, 0750 m, 29.08.2004, 13- Isaiiria dilucidella (Duponchel, 1836) Syn: ilignella Zeiler, 1839; laternella Eversmann, 1844; crepusculella Lederer, 1870; incredibilis Staudinger, 1879; subsoritella Ragonot, 1887; satanella Ragonot, 1887; odontella Ragonot, 1893; ledereri Ragonot, 1893. Material examined: Balikesir, Edremit, Kazdagi, Tozlu mevkii, 1200 m, 05.06.2005, \3 (GP2072c?). Lamoria ruficostella Ragonot, 1888 Material examined: Balikesir, Edremit, Kazdagi, Zirve, 1700 m, 17.07.2005, lc?. Crambidae Pyrausta ostrinalis (Hübner, 1796) (First record for the Turkish fauna) Material examined: Balikesir, Edremit, Kazdagi, Zirve, 1700 m, 17.07.2005, 13 Loxostege sticticalis (Linnaeus, 1761) Syn: lupulina Clerk, 1756 nee Linnaeus, 1758; miana Müller, 1764; sylvata Panzer, 1804; tetragonalis Haworth, 1811. Material examined: Balikesir, Edremit, Kazdagi, Zirve, 1700 m, 17.07.2005, 13- Heliothela wulfeniana (Scopoli, 1763) Phegea 35 (3) (l.IX.2007): 87 Syn: atralis Hübner, 1788 nee Fabricius, 1775; coerulealis Caradja, 1917; hübneri Ko^ak, 1980. Material examined: Balikesir, Edremit, Kazdagi, Zirve, 1700 m, 17.07.2005, 24(J?. Eudonia mercurella (Linnaeus, 1758) Syn: mercuri Fabricius, 1798; mercurea Haworth, 1811; mercuralis Hübner, [1825]; portlantica Westwood, 1845; frequentella Stainton, 1849; concinnella Curtis, 1850 \ frequentalis Herrich-Schaffer, 1862. Material examined: Balikesir, Edremit, Kazdagi, Tozlu mevkii, 1200 m, 05.06.2005, 1( J. (GP2060c?). Chrysocrambus craterella (Scopoli, 1763) Syn: rorella Linnaeus, 1767; klimeschi Toll, 1938; alpinus Bleszynski, 1958; abruzzellus Bleszynski, 1958. Material examined: Balikesir, Edremit, Kazdagi, Kamp alam, 0800 m, 04.06.2005, 1$. Agriphila latistria (Haworth, 1811) Syn: gueneellus Duponchel, 1836; monotaeniellus Herrich-Schaffer 1852; vectifer Zeiler, 1863; vallicolella Costa, 1885. Material examined: Balikesir, Edremit, Kazdagi, Kamp alam, 0750 m, 29.08.2004, lc?. Agriphila paleatellus (Zeiler, 1847) Material examined: Balikesir, Edremit, Kazdagi, Kamp alam, 0750 m, 29.08.2004, 1$ (GP2071). Geometridae Camptogramma bilineata (Linnaeus, 1758) Syn: brocatella Fourcroy, 1785; dumetata Schrank, 1802; bilinearia Boisduval, 1840; musauria Freyer, 1846; testaceolata Staudinger, 1871. Material examined: Balikesir, Edremit, Kazdagi, Kamp alam, 0800 m, 04.06.2005, 1(J. Chlorissa cloraria (Hübner, [1813]) Material examined: Balikesir, Edremit, Kazdagi, Hasanboguldu, 0200 m, 06.06.2005 1(J. Eupithecia breviculata (Donzei, 1837) Syn: anatolica Schwingenschuss, 1939; georgica Vojnits, 1977. Material examined: Balikesir, Edremit, Kazdagi, Tozlu mevkii, 1200 m, 05.06.2005, \S- Chiasmia clathrata (Linnaeus, 1758) Syn: almacola Wehrli, 1943. Material examined: Balikesir, Edremit, Kazdagi, Kamp alam, 0800 m, 04.06.2005, lcJ. Hylaea fasciaria (Linnaeus, 1758) Syn: prosapiaria Linnaeus, 1758; neustriaria Hufnagel, 1767; prasinaria [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775; biliosata Villers, 1789; viridifasciosa Esper, 1794; cleui Leraut, 1993. Material examined: Balikesir, Edremit, Hasanboguldu, 0200 m, 06.06.2005, 1$. Noctuidae Autographa gamma (Linnaeus, 1758) Syn: messmeri Schadewald, 1992; voelkeri Schadewald, 1992. Material examined: Balikesir, Edremit, Kazdagi, Kamp alam, 0800m, 04.06.2005, 1$; Tozlu mevkii, lOOOm, 05.06.2005 1$; 1200 m 1$. Phegea 35 (3) (l.IX.2007): 88 Ephesia disjuncta (Geyer, 1828) Syn: separata Freyer, 1848; luctuosa Staudinger, 1901 nee Hulst, 1884; fumigata Kuznetsov, 1903. Material examined: Balikesir, Edremit, Kazdagi, Kampalani, 0800m, 04.06.2005, 1$; Tozlu mevkii, 1200 m, 05.06.2005 \$. Hadula trifolii (Hufnagel, 1766) Syn: chenopodii [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775; verna Esper, [1787]; saucia Esper, [1790]; infraina Haworth, 1809; contribulis Duponchel, 1827; farkasii Treitschke, 1835; inquieta Walker, 1857; albifusa Walker, 1857. Material examined: Balikesir, Edremit, Kazdagi, Zirve, 1700 m, 17.07.2005, \S- Lymantriidae Lymantria dispar (Linnaeus, 1758) Material examined: Balikesir, Edremit, Kazdagi, Kamp alam, 0800 m, 16.07.2005, IS. Sphingidae Hyles livornica (Esper, 1780) Syn: koechlini Fuessly, 1781; tatsienluica Oberthür, 1916; saharae Gehren, 1936; malgassica Denso, 1944; tatsienluica Oberthür, 1944; renneri Eitschberger, Danner & Surholt, 1998. Material examined: Balikesir, Edremit, Kazdagi, Tozlu mevkii, 1067 m, 03.07.2004, \S (leg. Y. Durmu§). Sphinx pinastri Linnaeus, 1758 Syn: asiaticus Butler, 1875; saniptri Strecker, 1876; cenisius Jordan 1931; medialis Jordan 1931; euxinus Derzhavets, 1979; according to De Freina & Witt, 1987. Material examined: Balikesir, Edremit, Kazdagi, Zeytinli Deresi, 0150 m, 28.08.2004 IS. Macroglossum stellatarum (Linnaeus, 1758) Syn: nigra Cosmovici, 1892. It was observed between 0150-1700 m altitude in almost all localities. Results and Discussion From Kazdagi National Park, 32 species belonging to 12 moth family are identified. All these species are here recorded for the First time from the Kazdagi National Park and 31 of them for the first time from the Balikesir province. Pyrausta ostrinalis is recorded here for the First time for the Turkish Crambidae fauna. In the following, some of the important and rare species discussed. Heliothela wulfeniana is distributed in Europa except the British Islands (Parenti 2000). It has been known from Turkey only from Five localities up to now. In the research area, it was found in the subalpine zone at 1700 m altitude, where it occurs locally but abundantly. Huemer & Karsholt (2005) stated that Eudonia mercurella is distributed in Turkey (Taurus coll., Staudinger, ZMHB). Koelak & Kemal (2006) mentioned that this species was recorded from the Trabzon province in Turkey without stating an exact locality. It seems that this taxon is distributed in two different zoogeographic regions in Turkey. The taxon identiFied from the Kazdagi National Park is an important record for the Turkish Crambidae fauna. From Phegea 35 (3) (l.IX.2007): 89 Khalkidhiki (Greece) subspecies puella Leraut, 1982 was described new record for Aegean Region in Turkey. It has been thought that comparing differences and resemblance with the taxon determined from Balikesir province and ssp. puella add new distribution data to the distirbutional area belonging to this species by collecting more specimens. Pancalia schwarzella : wing span 14-15 mm. It is one of the important and rare species in Turkey. From the same genus, also P. leuwenhoekella (Linnaeus, 1761) is known to occur in Turkey (Kogak & Seven 2003). Sinev (1985) mentioned that P. schwarzella is distributed on high hills in the shore zone of Turkey. Turkey is also indicated in the distribution catalogue by Koster & Sinev (2003: 203). This taxon is present in the Kazdagi National Park and so its distribution in Turkey has been extended to Bursa and Balikesir. In the research area, specimens have been observed in the subalpine zone at 1700 m, covered with Astragalus, while they were flying near Lotus corniculatus and only four specimens were caught. Agriphila latistria : this species is known as rare and local in Turkey (Kogak & Seven 1997). It is here recorded for the first time from the Balikesir province and also from the Aegean region. In the National Park, it flies in the grassy, open places in pine forests with Juniperus , Berberis , Dipsacus , Echinops, Salvia, Verbascum, and F estuca and near water patches. Syndemis musculana\ the larva of this species lives in woody plants. It is distributed in the Palaearctic region and known in Central Europe as widely spread (Razowski 2001). Kogak & Seven (2003) mentioned this species from Turkey with uncertain locality. In the present paper, it has been given with an exact locality record for the first time in Turkey. The species was caught in Pinus forest but it is local and rare in the Kazdagi National park. Chlorissa cloraria : this species is confused with Chlorissa viridata (Linnaeus, 1758) because of the resemblance of their extemal morphology. It is distinguished from C. viridata by the dark outer margin of the costa and the sinuous edge of the hind wing (Hausmann 2001). The Turkish Geometridae list in Kogak & Seven (2003) does not include any data about C. cloraria. In Özdemir (2004) it is recorded from the provinces Bolu and Konya (Düzce). The taxon, identified from the Kazdagi National Park, is the first record for both the Balikesir province and the Aegean Region. Specimens recorded from Turkey before as C. viridata should be studied again to establish their true identity. Acknowledgement I wish to thank the project manager, Prof. Dr. Ali Demirsoy and Yusuf Durmu§, a member of the field expedition. This study was supported by Tubitak (Project number: TB YDBAG- 10341 10). The present work includes only the moths part of the project. References Arenberger, E. 1995. Pterophoridae. Erster Teil- In Amsel, H. G., Gregor, F. & Reisser, H. (eds.) Microlepidoptera Palaearctica9: 1-258, pis. 1-153. Phegea 35 (3) (l.IX.2007): 90 Back, H.-E. 1973. Untersuchungen über die Systematik und Zoogeographie der Gattung Pleurota (Lepidoptera, Oecophoridae). 413 pp. Bleszynski, S. 1965. Crambinae. - In Amsel, H.G., Reisser, H. & Gregor, F. (eds.) Microlepidoptera Palaearctica 1: 1-533, pis. 1-133. de Frema, J. J. & Witt, T. J. 1997. Die Bombyces und Sphinges der Westpalaearktis (Insecta, Fepidoptera). vol. 4, 335 pp., 27 Taf.., 126 Verbreitungskarten. Hacker, H. 1989. Die Noctuidae Griechenlands. (Mit einer Übersicht über die Fauna des Balkanraumes (Fepidoptera, Noctuidae)). — Herbipoliana 2: 1-588, pis. 1-12. Hacker, H. 1990. Die Noctuidae Vorderasiens (Fepidoptera). — Neue Entomologische Nachrichten 27: 1-707, pis. 1-16. Hausmann, A. 2001. The Geometrid Moths of Europe, Vol.1. — Apollo Boks, Strenstrup, 270pp. Huemer, P. & Karsholt, O. 2005. Microlepidoptera of Europa. Vol.4, Pyraloidea I (Cramidae: Acentropinae, Evergestinae, Heliothelinae, Schoenobiinae, Scopariinae). 304 pp., 7 pl. Koelak, A. Ö. & Seven, S. 1997. Türkiye Crambinae Faunasi Üzerine Ara§tirmalar (Fepidoptera, Pyralidae). — Centre for entomological Studies , Miscellaneous Papers 39/40: 1-16. Kofak, A. Ö. & Seven, S. 2003. Tentative Checklist of the Turkish Lepidoptera (except Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea). — http://www.members.tripod.com/entlep/Checklist2.htm. Ko9ak, A. Ö. & & Kemal, M. 2006. Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Turkey . — Centre for entomological Studies, Priamus Supplement 1: 1-196. Obtainable at http://www.members.tripod.com/entcesa/Priamussuppl 1 .pdf. Koster, S. & Sinev, S. 2003. Momphidae, Batrachedridae, Stathmopodidae, Agonoxenidae, Cosmopterigidae, Chrysopeleiidae. - In Huemer, P., Karsholt, O. & Lyneborg, L. (eds.) Microlepidoptera of Europe 5: 1-387. Kuznetzov, V. I., 1978. Tortricidae. - In: Falkovich, M. I. & Medvedev, G. S. (eds.) Keys to the Insects of the European Part of the USSR, Volume IV(1): i-xxvi, 1-991. Karatepe, Y. 2003. Gelibolu Yanmadasi Tarihi Milli ParkTnm Lepidoptera Türleri. — Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi Seri A 1: 167-180. Lvovski, A. L. 1981. Oecophoridae. - In: Falkovich, M. I. & Medvedev, G. S. (eds.) Keys to the Insects of the European Part of the USSR, Volume IV(2): 149-311, figs. 148-286. Mann, J. 1861. Zur Lepidopteren-Fauna von Amasia. — Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift 5: 155-162, 183-193. Mann, J. 1862. Verzeichniss der im Jahre 1851 bei Brussa in Kleinasien gesammelten Schmetterlinge. — Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift 6: 356-409. Naumann, C. M., Tarmann, G. M. & Tremewan, W. G. 1999. The Western Palaearctic Zygaenidae 304pp. 12 Pl. Özdemir, M. 2004. Bolu ve Düzce illerinin Geometridae faunasi. — Üzerine Ara^tirmalar Doktora tezi Priamus Supplement II (in press). Parend, U. 2000. A Guide to the Microlepidoptera of Europa. — Torino, 81pp. + 156 pis Razowski, J., 2001. Die Tortriciden (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) Mitteleuropas . — Pp319, Taf. 151, Farbtaf 24. Roesler, R.-U. 1993. Phycitinae. Teilbd. 2, Quadrifine Acrobasiina Teil. 1. — In: Amsel, H.G. (ed.) Microlepidoptera Palaearctica 8: 1-305, pis. 1-82. Seven, S. 2006. Preliminary survey on the butterfly fauna of Kazdagi National Park (Turkey). — Bulletin des Lépidoptéristes Parisiens 15(34): 74-80. Sinev, S. Y. 1985. A Review of Genus Pancalia Stephens (Lepidoptera, Cosmopterigidae) in the USSR. — Entomologicheskiy Obozrenie 4: 804-822. Staudmger, O. 1878. Lepidopterenfauna Kleinasien’s. — Horae Societatis entomologicae rossicae 14: 176-482. Staudmger, O. 1881. Lepidopterenfauna Kleinasien’s. — Horae Societatis entomologicae rossicae 16: 65-135. Zagulyaev, A. K. & Sinev, S. Y. 1981. Cosmopterigidae. - In: Falkovich, M. I. & Medvedev, G. S. (eds.) Keys to the Insects of the European Part of the USSR, Volume IV(2): 149-31 1, figs. 148— 286. Phegea 35 (3) (l.IX.2007): 91 Boekbesprekingen Brown, J. W.: Tortricidae ( Lepidoptera ). - In Landry, B. (Ed.): World Catalogue oflnsects. Volume 5. 17 x 24 cm, 741 p., Apollo Books, Kirkeby Sand 19, DK-5771 Stenstrup, Denmark, apollobooks@vip. cybercity, dk, gebonden, 2005, DKK 960,00 (ISBN 87-88757-41-2). Met meer dan 9000 soorten is de familie Totricidae een van de soortenrijkste vlinderfamilies. Ze komt wereldwijd voor en telt de meeste soorten in Midden- en Zuid-Amerika. De Nederlandse naam "bladrollers" komt van de levenswijze van sommige rupsen die een blad oprollen om in de holte daarvan veilig te leven. Vele soorten echter hebben heel andere levenswijzen, gaande van vrij levend tot boren in wortels en stengels. Deze catalogus wil een overzicht geven van alle soorten die tot nu toe wereldwijd zijn beschreven. Daarbij worden alle synoniemen vermeld, maar ook de infrasubspecifieke namen en foutieve spellingen. De catalogus is up-to-date tot 31 december 2004. Van alle namen werd de originele spelling nagekeken, de homonymie, het auteurschap, publicatiejaar enz. Deze uitgebreide klus werd niet door John Brown alleen geklaard; hij werd bijgestaan door Joaquin Baixeras, Richard Brown, Marianne Horak, Furami Komai, Eric H. Metzler, Jozef Razowski en Kevin Tuck, allemaal bekende tortricidologen. De hele catalogus is alfabetisch gerangschikt per genus en binnen het genus per soortnaam. Bij elk genus wordt vermeld tot welke subfamilie het behoort en meestal ook tot welk tribus. Tevens wordt de type-soort aangegeven. Bij de individuele soorten wordt de auteur en beschrijvingsjaar vermeld, en verder het originele genus, de referentie naar de oerbeschrijving en de type-lokaliteit. Indien bekend wordt ook aangegeven in welke musea de types zich bevinden. Gegevens over de verspreiding van de soorten wordt niet gegeven, omdat dit in vele gevallen een herhaling zou zijn van de type-lokaliteit; vele soorten zijn nooit ergens anders gevonden. Dit geldt jammer genoeg niet voor de meeste Palaearctische soorten. Ook gegevens over voedselplanten ontbreken geheel omdat de kennis daaromtrent nog veel te fragmentarisch is. Achteraan volgen nog een 32-tal notities over taxonomische wijzigingen en een alfabetische index. Het boek is erg volumineus, maar toch keurig uitgegeven en stevig ingebonden. Het is een must voor collectiebeheerders, musea en iedereen die zich ernstig op deze vlinderfamilie willen toeleggen. Willy De Prins Baldizzone, G., van der Wolf, H. & Landry, J.-F.: Coleophoridae, Coleophorinae ( Lepidoptera ). - In Landry, B. (Ed.): World Catalogue oflnsects , Volume 8. 17 x 24 cm, 215 p., Apollo Books, Kirkeby Sand 19, DK-5771 Stenstrup, Denmark, apollobooks@vip. cybercity, dk, gebonden, 2006, DKK 360,00 (ISBN 87-88757-76-5). In tegenstelling tot de overige families in de reeks " World Catalogue of Insects", is het bij de Coleophoridae nog niet zo lang geleden dat er een lijst gepubliceerd werd. Toch was een revisie hoogst nodig omdat sinds de laatste 17 jaar het aantal soorten met ongeveer 25% is toegenomen! De catalogus vermeldt 1342 soorten ingedeeld in 5 genera, waarvan Coleophora veruit het soortenrijkste is. Van elke soort wordt de originele combinatie gegeven, de auteur, jaar en referentie van de beschrijving. Ook worden alle synoniemen opgelijst. De tot nu toe bekende verspreiding wordt aangegeven met een landenlijstje. Gegevens over voedselplanten werden weggelaten omdat er vele foutieve gegevens in de literatuur voorkomen. Achteraan volgt een uitgebreide literatuurlijst en een alfabetische index. Het boek is, zoals alle delen in de reeks, keurig uitgegeven en gebonden in een harde kaft. Wie op de hele reeks " World Catalogue oflnsects " intekent, krijgt een korting van 10%. Willy De Prins Phegea 35 (3) (l.IX.2007): 92 New data regarding the butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) of Romania, with additional comments (general distribution in Romania, habitat preferences, threats and protection) for ten localized Romanian species Sylvain Cuvelier & Vlad Dinca Abstract. During a field trip from mid July to early August 2006, the authors found new data regarding the distribution of different butterfly species (Rhopalocera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea) in Romania. All observations of this joint research trip are presented and focus is given on ten target species by additional comments on the distributional, ecological and legislative aspects in the country. Erebia sudetica radnaensis Rebel, 1915 is recorded for the first time in Fagara$ Mountains and the male genitalia of this Romanian taxon is figured for the first time as a novelty. The habitus of male and female Boloria ( Clossiana ) titania transsylvanica Tiltscher, 1913 is also figured. Samenvatting. Nieuwe gegevens over de dagvlinders van Roemenië (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea & Hesperioidea), met aanvullend commentaar (algemene verspreiding in Roemenië, habitatvoorkeuren, bedreiging en bescherming) voor tien lokale, Roemeense soorten Gedurende een vlinderreis, van midden juli tot begin augustus 2006, vonden de auteurs nieuwe gegevens over de verspreiding van meerdere dagvlindersoorten (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea en Hesperioidea) in Roemenië. Alle observaties van deze gemeenschappelijke zoektocht worden weergegeven waarbij aandacht gegeven wordt aan tien doelsoorten met additionele commentaren rond de verspreiding, ecologische en legislatieve aspecten in het land. Voor het eerst wordt Erebia sudetica radnaensis Rebel, 1915 gemeld uit het Fagara§ gebergte en worden de mannelijke genitalia van dit Roemeens taxon afgebeeld. Ook de habitus van het mannetje en het wijfje van Boloria ( Clossiana ) titania transsylvanica Tiltscher, 1913 worden geïllustreerd. Résumé. Nouvelles données sur les papillons de la Roumanie (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea & Hesperioidea), avec commentaires supplémentaires (répartition générale en Roumanie, préférence de biotope, aspects écologiques et législatifs) pour dix espèces locales en Roumanie Lors d’un voyage lépidoptérologique, de la mi juillet au début aoüt 2006, les auteurs ont trouvé des nouvelles données concemant la distribution de plusieurs espèces de papillons diumes (Rhopalocera: Papilionoidea et Hesperioidea) en Roumanie. Toutes les observations de cette recherche sont présentées avec une attention spéciale pour dix espèces clés avec des commentaires sur leur distribution, aspects écologiques et législatifs dans le pays. Pour la première fois, Erebia sudetica radnaensis Rebel, 1915 est enregistré des Monts Fagara§ et les genitalia males de ce taxon roumain sont fïgurés. L’habitus male et femelle de Boloria {Clossiana) titania transsylvanica Tiltscher, 1913 sont illustré. Rezumat. Noi date privind fluturii diumi ai Romaniei (Lepidoptera : Rhopalocera), acompaniate de comentarii aditionale (raspandire in Romania, preferinte fata de habitat, grad de periclitare, statut protectiv) pentru zece specii localizate din Romania Cu ocazia cercetarilor pe teren efectuate ïntre a doua jumatate a lunii iulie §i inceputul lunii august 2006, autorii au cumulat o serie de date noi referitoare la distributia mai multor specii de lepidoptere diume (Rhopalocera: Papilionoidea §i Hesperioidea) din Romania. In lucrarea de fata sunt prezentate rezultatele acestor cercetari, punandu-se accentul pe zece taxoni „cheie”; in cazul acestora sunt prezente comentarii aditionale privind distributia pe teritoriul tarii, alaturi de aspecte ecologice §i legislative. Erebia sudetica radnaensis Rebel, 1915 este semnalata pentru prima data din Muntii Fagara$, armatura genitala mascula a acestui taxon fiind totodata figurata. Masculul §i femela taxonului Boloria ( Clossiana ) titania transsylvanica Tiltscher, 1913 sunt de asemenea ilustrate. Phegea 35 (3) (l.IX.2007): 93 Key words: Romania - Rhopalocera - Colias myrmidone - Leptidea tnorsei major - Argynnis laodice - Boloria titania transsylvanica - Erebia sudetica radnaensis - Erebia manto trajanus - Glaucopsyche rebeli - Glaucopsyche teleius - Pyrgus sidae sidae - Heteropterus morpheus - distribution - habitat - protection. Cuvelier, S.: Diamantstraat 4, B-8900 leper, Belgium (sylvain.cuvelier@pandora.be). Dinca, V.: str. Gh. Doja, nr. 5, bloc 36 C2, ap. 44, Ploie§ti, RO-100400, Romania (sudistu@yahoo . com) . Introduction The study of the butterflies of Romania started a few centuries ago with the field trip of Johann Centurius Graf von Hoffmannsegg (1766-1849) from Dresda who collected birds and insects in the area of Baile Herculane (south- westem Romania). He is the one who collected there for the first time Erebia melas (Herbst, 1796) (based on this material it was later described as new for Science by Herbst) and Kirinia roxelana Cramer (Rakosy 1996). The first paper on Tepidoptera published in Romania (referring to Transylvania) was an paper from Fuss (1850) based on the material collected by Joseph von Franzenau (1802-1862). Franzenau's collection is deposited in the Zoological Museum of the Babe§-Bolyai University in Cluj-Napoca. Many excellent publications have since then shown a high biodiversity and documented endemic species and subspecies in different ecoregions of the country. Despite this exhaustive documentation large parts of the country still remain un(der)explored mainly due to historical reasons. Actually at least 200 species of butterflies have been recorded; approximately 15 taxa are doubtful or haven’ t been found back in recent years (Rakosy 2003). Because nowadays land use is still very traditional, many species that are threatened in most of the European Community, still have good — albeit often local — strongholds in Romania. As since January lst 2007 Romania entered the European Community one might expect that just like in other countries joining the Union the agricultural, industrial and anthropogenic pressure will change dramatically and have negative effects on the natural richness and entomological fauna of the country. Recent data on the distribution and habitats covering the whole territory therefore are urgently needed to secure as much as possible this high biodiversity for the future. During a joint field trip from July 15th to August lst 2006 the two authors visited different places in Romania (Transylvania, Banat & Muntenia) to study the entomological fauna. This article is a contribution to increase the knowledge on the distribution of the Rhopalocera of Romania and to identify important habitats to be secured for future generations. Special attention is given to ten target species with new and unpublished data that are put in perspective with what is actually known on their distribution and habitats. All observations are presented in a synoptic table and all localities visited during this field trip are figured on a map showing the major relief. When Phegea 35 (3) (l.IX.2007): 94 available, information is given on legislative aspects in Romania for these ten species. Notes If available, the protective status is mentioned according to the Minister Order no. 1.198/2005 for the actualization of the annexes no. 2, 3, 4 and 5 to the Government Urgency Ruling no. 236/2000 regarding the status of the natural protected areas, safeguarding of the natural habitats and of the wild flora and fauna, approved with modifications and amendments through Law no. 462/2001 (Anonymous 2005). Through this act, while also adding several species of national interest, Romania embraced the latest versions of the Habitats Directive and transposed them into its own legislation (see also Rakosy 2006). Information conceming the Lepidoptera order appears in annexes 2, 3A and 3B. Annex 2 - includes plant and animal species whose conservation requires the designation of special areas for conservation and of avifaunistical special protection areas. They represent the comerstone for the establishing of the Natura 2000 network in Romania. Annex 3A - includes plant and animal species of Community interest, which require strict protection. Annex 3B - includes plant and animal species of national interest which require strict protection. A special mention needs to be made conceming the name of the lepidopterist Constantin Hormuzaki. Most of the authors who cited his work used the name "Hormuzachi". This also happened while citing him as the author of the taxon Erebia pharte romaniae which was followed by "Hormuzachi, 1937". According to Gu^uleac (1937), the correct name is "Hormuzaki" while "Hormuzachi" is an obsolete version used in ancient Moldavia. The nomenclature used in this paper is according to De Prins & van Oorschot (2005). Colias myrmidone (Esper, 1781) This endangered species is relatively widespread in Romania, as it was recorded from all its historical regions (Rakosy et al. 2003). Nevertheless, its large Romanian areal consists only of scattered colonies which often have small effectives and are isolated from each other. Faunistical records of Colias myrmidone were published by various authors (e. g. Mann 1866, Niculescu 1963, Popescu-Gorj 1964, König 1975, Capu§e & Kovacs 1987, Rakosy 1988, 2002, Rakosy & Neumann 1997, Bumaz 1993, 2001, 2003, Skolka 1994, Székely 1996, Stanescu 1995) and add valuable information to the knowledge of its distribution across the country. On the other hand, we have virtually no data which could indicate the effectives or the evolution of these populations in time. This state of fact raises serious question marks regarding the actual state of the conservation of this species. We have knowledge of a few certain cases of regression recorded in literature (e. g. Goia & Dinca 2006, Székely 2005), but these data are far from being satisfactory at the country’ s level. Phegea 35 (3) (l.IX.2007): 95 The optimal habitat for C. myrmidone seems to be represented by vast mezophilous to mezoxerophilous meadows marked by shrubs and/or trees, reminding of sylvo-steppes. The most suitable meadows are those which are moderately grazed, but still preserve an abundance of Cytisus sp., in a patchy habitat consisting of different tree and/or shrub densities altemating to more or less steep slopes of open land (fig. 2). During our visit in the areas south of Cluj-Napoca, we paid special attention to some places formerly known as very good sites for C. myrmidone , where hundreds of individuals could be seen in autumn on a few hectares. This situation persisted until the end of the 90’ s, when it was followed by a spectacular decline which led to the almost complete extinction of this species in the surroundings of the city (Goia & Dinca 2006). To our surprise and satisfaction, we found out that the species was recovering at these sites as we noticed several males and females. It is very difficult to asses the true causes which underlay the decline of C. myrmidone at these sites, as there were no visible signs of change in land use to which the butterfly seems to be particularly sensitive (Freese et al. 2005, Dolek et al. 2005) and the climatic factor is in our opinion quite relative and difficult to interpret objectively. A possible cause may have been the land buming practice (Goia & Dinca 2006), but signs of fire were visible only in a part of its habitat. Therefore, until further and more elaborate studies are undertaken, the pronounced populational fluctuations of these colonies in the surroundings of Cluj-Napoca remain quite enigmatic. We do not completely exclude the possibility of a rather naturally induced cycle. As a potential comparison to the case of C. myrmidone , we mention that C. erate (Esper, 1805) also seems to be strongly regressing in certain parts of the country; this happens for example in the surroundings of Bra§ov (Székely 2005), where the species used to be very frequent. Being a Community interest species, C. myrmidone is listed on annexes 2 and 3A of the Minister Order no. 1.198/2005. The Romanian Red List for butterflies (Rakosy 2003) designates C. myrmidone as a vulnerable species at national level, with populations ranging from near threatened to endangered at a local level. As a conclusion, compared to the general state of fact present in Europe (Ivinskis 1998, Van Swaay & Warren 1999, Benes et al 2002, Freese et al. 2005, Dolek et al. 2005), Romania may be one of the best strongholds for the conservation of C. myrmidone. This assumption is based not only on the many literature records, but also on the traditional land use practices which are still relatively widespread in the country and which are often favourable for many butterflies including C. myrmidone. This means not only that many of the previously recorded colonies may have survived, but also that there might still be several undiscovered (or unpublished) colonies which would increase the number of known sites. As a matter of fact, a new locality near Bai§oara was identified in 2005 (Cuvelier & Spruytte 2006). Phegea 35 (3) (l.IX.2007): 96 Fig. 1- Map of Romania with the visited localities (15th of July - lst of August 2006); BR = Bra§ov (Transylvania), BU = Bucharest (Muntenia), CN = Cluj-Napoca (Transylvania), CO = Constanta (Dobrogea), CR = Craiova (Oltenia), IA = Iasi (Moldavia), TI = Timi§oara (Banat). Fig. 2 - Habitat of Colias myrmidone, Romania, south of Cluj-Napoca, l.viii.2006 (photo V. Dinca). Phegea 35 (3) (l.IX.2007): 97 Leptidea rnorsei (Fenton, 1882) The current faunistical data conceming this species, suggest that L. morsei is relatively widely distributed in Romania, with records from several of the country’ s large historical regions, as shown in the Catalogue of the Romanian Lepidoptera (Rakosy et al. 2003). Nevertheless, although the Romanian areal appears to be quite large, there is a low number of records per region. The Romanian protection status of L. morsei , according to the Minister Order no. 1.198/2005, is that of a priority conservation species listed both in annex 2, and annex 3A, embracing the European legislation. The Romanian Red List for butterfhes (Rakosy 2003) designates L. morsei as an endangered taxon, both at regional and national level. Although the species is considered as highly threatened and possesses a strong legislative background, we should take into consideration the similarities with the more common and widespread Leptidea sinapis (Linnaeus, 1758), which is often neglected by lepidopterists collecting in the field. As identification in flight is practically impossible, it is very likely that many populations have been missed because of this similitude. As an argument, we identified it at seven distinct locations (table 2) during a relatively small number of days in the field and we also collected it at several other locations in the country during the last years (Dinca obs.). In Romania, the species is usually found along mature deciduous forest margins and clearings, also forest roads. Yet, not all forests are suitable for this species: ecoton areas with a complex structure implying trees, shrubs and parcels of well developed open vegetation seem to be the preferred sites. The adults can very rarely be found far from the forest, flying in open habitats such as hay fields. The statement of Tolman & Lewington (1997) thatT. morsei often flies in the same habitats as Neptis sappho (Linnaeus, 1758) is accurate for Romania too, where N. sappho locally develops strong populations. As both Lathyrus niger and L. verna are widely distributed and not threatened in Romania (Oprea 2005), the larvae may feed on both these species known as host plants (Tolman & Lewington 1997). Nevertheless, we have no detailed data to prove this statement; Niculescu (1963) in his monograph of the Romanian Pieridae doesn’t mention any host plant for Romania, as this wasn’t known at all at that time. All in all, this is a very poorly studied species in Romania. Although the available data suggest a local and fairly rare species, we would say that it is rather a data deficiënt taxon. Our observations in Romania support the idea that L. morsei seems to be associated to a type of habitat which is suitable for other regressing species such as Parnassius mnemosyne (Linnaeus, 1758), Euphydryas maturna (Linnaeus, 1758), and Lopinga achine (Scopoli, 1763) (Benes et al. 2002). Having no accurate data, due to the complete lack of a monitoring activity regarding this species, we can only suppose that it is somehow vulnerable, but with a question mark for the true causes of its (mainly) supposed Phegea 35 (3) (l.IX.2007): 98 decline. Under these circumstances the status of priority conservation species attributed to L. morsei through the Minister Order no. 1.198/2005 becomes questionable. Moreover, this is the only Lepidoptera listed as a priority species in the Minister Order no. 1.198/2005. This situation is far from being in concordance with the general status of the Romanian Lepidoptera. Argynnis laodice (Pallas, 1771) This species is known to occur in the central and north-westem parts of Romania (Cri§ana, Maramure$-Satu Mare and Transylvania), as well as in the north-east (Moldavia); a very old record (before 1900) comes from Dobrogea (Rakosy et al. 2003). Although a very local species, A. laodice still develops strong populations in certain places in Romania. In Transylvania for example, a paper published by Moldoveanu & Dely (1982) showed that, until 1981, there were known 56 locations were this butterfly was recorded, including the ones where we also found it, namely south of Sighi§oara (Mure§ county) and Raco§ (Bra§ov county) (table 2). At Raco§ we identified only very few worn out specimens, probably because we arrived too late in order to catch the climax of the flight period. Nevertheless, the visit to the area located south of Sighi§oara corresponded to the peak of the flight period and represented a good opportunity to see if the status of this population changed during the last decades, when it was recorded as common. We had the pleasant surprise to fmd that the butterfly is still abundant in the area and that its habitat is quite little affected by anthropogenic influences. The habitat of A. laodice is always represented by forest skirts (mainly Quercus forests) or clearings, characterized by three main features: relatively humid conditions, presence of Viola species (larval host plants) and well developed vegetation associated with an abundance of nectar sources (e. g. Carduus, Telekia ). This type of habitat is often maintained in Romania through a traditional type of land use which allows the development of relatively complex forest margins. The fact that such a good flyer presents only localized colonies suggests that this species is very sensitive regarding its ecological requirements and therefore the quality of its habitat. Given the fact that traditional (extensive) land use is becoming rarer and rarer in the country, it is to be expected that this species, as well as many other taxa with similar habitat requirements, will suffer significant declines on medium term. As an example, the vigorous population we identified south of Sighi^oara may be severely affected by the recent introduction of mechanical mowing exactly during the flight period of the adults. Another example is represented by the population from Cluj-Napoca which disappeared during the last two decades due to habitat alteration through pine plantation and anthropization (Goia & Dinca 2006). Phegea 35 (3) (l.IX.2007): 99 Figs. 3-4. Boloria titania transsylvanica, Romania, east of Gheorgheni, 20.vii.2006, leg. S. Cuvelier; 3.- male, 4 - female (a = upperside, b = underside). (photo S. Cuvelier). Fig. 5.- Habitat of Boloria titania transsylvanica , Romania, east of Gheorgheni, 20.vii.2006 (photo V. Dinca). Phegea 35 (3) (l.IX.2007): 100 A. laodice is protected in Romania through the Minister Order no. 1.198/2005, being listed in annex 3B. The Romanian Red List for butterflies (Rakosy 2003) designates A. laodice as an endangered species at national level, with populations ranging from endangered to extinct at a local scale. All in all, this is a local, but sometimes abundant species which is associated to a type of habitat that is very likely to suffer (or is already suffering) declines in many parts of the country. It is sure that many of the previously cited locations weren’t visited during the last two or three decades, so we have no exact knowledge of the actual status of this species at the country’ s level. Boloria ( Clossiana ) titania (Esper, 1793) This species is known in Romania only from eastem Transylvania, namely the area of Depresiunea Giurgeului. A single record (5 specimens) comes from Berhina (Retezat Mountains - Meridional Carpathians) (Stanescu 1995); as there are no other records from that relatively well studied area, the presence of B. titania in the Retezat Mountains requires confirmation. The Romanian populations are represented by ssp. transsylvanica Tiltscher, 1913. In the past the Romanian population has been classified under Boloria (i Clossiana ) titania cypris (Meigen, 1 828) by different authors (Higgins & Riley 1970, Tolman & Lewington 1997). The habitus of the Romanian population however is quite different (figs. 3, 4). It’s a smaller subspecies. The male upperside is brighter orange with finer black markings. The underside of the hind wing is marbled pale yellow-brown with violet tints with less contrast. The marginal chevrons are small and less marked. The ground colour of the females is paler on upper- and underside. Black markings are finer and the underside of the hind wing is less contrasted. The chevrons are less marked. Although brief, the original description given by Tiltscher (1913) points out most of the above mentioned characters which we remarked while analyzing the specimens we had at our disposal. The habitat of B. titania is represented by mesohigrophilous meadows situated in the vicinity of coniferous forests (fig. 5). Males fly actively in the sun, while females are much more difficult to spot. They usually prefer the thin band of small clearings which appears at the interference between the meadow and the forest. This is one of the most localized and most endangered butterflies in Romania. Looking for the species in suitable habitats in a narrow valley of the above mentioned region (east of Gheorgheni), we had the opportunity to observe several males and a few females. Although the species seems to be fairly abundant in favourable habitats, we noticed that it is highly threatened by land drainage due to the extension of holiday chalets. Therefore, the wet meadows present there are gradually replaced by buildings and often by a lawn while the species is forced to retreat to smaller and smaller areas fragmented by private properties. The traditional land use practices which are generally favourable for Phegea 35 (3) (l.IX.2007): 101 many butterfly species (e.g. manual mowing, moderate grazing) are also expected to regress, especially if the land is seen as a source of income through selling as potential building area. Based on our field observations, we believe that the species might be present in a few other suitable habitats in the area, but the lack of time and the relative inaccessibility of such locations, didn’t allow us to investigate those perimeters. In the Romanian Red List for butterflies (Rakosy 2003), the species is listed as critically endangered, with populations ranging from critically endangered to extinct. B. titania trans sylvanica is also listed in annex 3B of the Minister Order no. 1.198/2005. Despite its legislative protection status, we have no knowledge of efforts undertaken in order to actually preserve this taxon. The designation of some protected perimeters which should ensure the survival of the largest colonies seems mandatory. Further studies in potential habitats are also necessary in order to have a much more accurate situation of this taxon. Erebia manto (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) Although this species is relatively widespread in the Romanian Carpathians, its actual distribution has certain discontinuities; therefore, the current faunistical data indicate that E. manto is completely absent in the Western Carpathians as well as in the Parang Massif and presents large areal gaps in the Eastem Carpathians as it doesn’t occur in its Southern part and in the Ceahlau Massif (Popescu-Gorj 1994). On the other hand, the records from Fagara§ Mountains are very old (Popescu-Gorj 1994). Our data confirm the presence of this species in Fagara§ Mountains and also point out its presence in the central- western part of these mountains. The habitat is represented by subalpine grassland in the vicinity of coniferous forest untill well above the treeline (fig. 8). The biotopes in Fagara§ Mountains are steep south oriented slopes with tall grasses where grazing is probably not possible. The populations occurring in the Romanian Carpathians are considered to belong to ssp. trajanus Hormuzaki, 1895. This formerly contested taxonomical status was analyzed and confirmed by Popescu-Gorj (1963, 1994) who, based on a rich material collected in different regions of the Romanian Carpathians, stated that all the populations of E. manto present in these mountains belong to ssp. trajanus. This statement was later also confirmed by Varga 1999. This subspecies is fairly variable and usually develops very local colonies, generally between 1300-1900 m (Popescu-Gorj 1963, 1994). Due to its endemic character and because it develops local populations, E. manto trajanus is listed as vulnerable at national level in the Romanian Red List for butterflies (Rakosy 2003), with populations ranging from near threatened to vulnerable at local level. The species has no legislative protection status in Romania. Phegea 35 (3) (l.IX.2007): 102 Fig. 6 - Erebia sudetica radnaensis male; Romania, Fagara§ Mountains (surroundings of Cabana Capra), 25.vii.2006, leg. S. Cuvelier (a = upperside, b = underside) (photo V. Dinca). Fig. 7- Male genitalia of Erebia sudetica radnaensis , leg. S. Cuvelier; prep. genit. no. 304/Dinca (photo V. Dinca). Fig. 8.- Habitat of Erebia sudetica radnaensis and E. manto trajanus in the Fagara§ Mountains (surroundings of Cabana Capra), 24.vii.2006 (photo S. Cuvelier). Fig. 9- Piatra Secuiului, biodiversity hotspot with taxa such as Pyrgus sidae, Heteropterus morpheus, Glaucopsyche rebeli , G. arion, Lycaena alciphron, Polyommatus dorylas, Erebia melas runcensis etc. 5.vii.2005 (photo V. Dinca). Phegea 35 (3) (l.IX.2007): 103 Erebia sudetica (Staudinger, 1861) E. sudetica is considered to be one of the rarest and most local Erebia species in Romania. lts presence in the country is currently sure for only four areas, namely Rodna Mountains in Eastem Carpathians (Dinca & Goia 2006), Retezat Mountains (Diószeghy 1930, Capu§e & Kovacs 1987, Rakosy 1997), Godeanu- Tarcu Mountains (König 1975) and Ciuca§ Mountains (Czekelius 1900, Székely 1996) (all in the Meridional Carpathians), everywhere in scattered colonies which are poorly known or studied. A single old record is based on material collected during August in Bucegi Mountains (Meridional Carpathians) (Hormuzaki 1902, Popescu-Gorj 1952, 1963); the species has never been found in these mountains again and its presence there needs confirmation. In 2005, Sylvain Cuvelier and Stef Spruytte collected a pair of small Erebia specimens on the Southern side of the Fagara§ Mountains which, at a first sight, seemed to belong to E. pharte (Hübner, 1804) (Cuvelier & Spruytte 2006). During this 2006 trip to the Fagara§ Mountains, Sylvain Cuvelier had the opportunity to collect more Erebia specimens. Yet, after reanalyzing their habitus (fig. 6) and the genital apparatus (fig. 7) of several males, we arrived to the conclusion that they all belong to E. sudetica. Under these circumstances, this is the first record of this species from Fagara§ Mountains which therefore become the flfth group of mountains in the Romanian Carpathians where the species is surely present. Another specimen collected by Vlad Dinca during the last decade of July 2004 appreciatively in the same area (cabana Capra) was examined for this study and also proved to belong to this taxon. These new data make us support the assumption of Popescu-Gorj (1963) that the species might indeed be (or was) present in Bucegi Mountains, as this would link the populations from Ciuca§ Mountains to those of Fagara§ and Retezat Mountains. On the other hand, Bucegi Mountains represent the recording place of another doubtful Erebia taxon, namely E. pharte romaniae (Hormuzaki, 1937) (Popescu-Gorj 1952, 1963, Popescu-Gorj & Szabó 1986). Taking into consideration the description by Hormuzaki (Popescu-Gorj 1952, Popescu-Gorj & Szabó 1986), we believe it is possible that E. pharte romaniae was confounded with E. sudetica. Regarding this subject, Varga (2002) supposes that E. pharte romaniae was confounded with aberrant specimens of E. epiphron transsylvanica (Rebel, 1908). Although we cannot exclude this possibility, we think it wasn’t very likely for Hormuzaki to fmd four aberrant specimens (2c? and 2$) at the end of August 1936 (Popescu-Gorj 1952, 1963, Popescu-Gorj & Szabó 1986), as these specimens generally occur isolated. Furthermore, one of the locations (Valea Jepilor - in orig. "Valea Jepei") (Hormuzaki 1902) where E. sudetica was recorded in Bucegi is also a locality where E. pharte romaniae has been found (Popescu-Gorj 1952, 1963, Popescu-Gorj & Szabó 1986). The whole taxonomical status of the Romanian populations of E. sudetica has been subject to several modifications. Based on the study of Varga 2002, the current variant is that they belong to ssp. radnaensis Rebel, 1915 (Rakosy et al. 2003), described from Rodna Mountains. Yet, Popescu-Gorj (1952, 1987) Phegea 35 (3) (l.IX.2007): 104 considered that in the Romanian Carpathians only the nominotypical subspecies flies. In our opinion, these aspects might require additional studies, including molecular aspects. The fresh specimens collected by us bear small and little marked black spots, sometimes only visible on the hind wing, which makes them very similar to E. pharte. In less fresh specimens these small black spots are often absent. This makes us think it is possible that E. sudetica and E. pharte were sometimes confused (especially if the specimens are not very fresh), meaning that there is a question mark on the real Romanian distribution of the two taxa. In Fagara§ the habitat consists of subalpine grassland in the vicinity of coniferous forest from 1320 to 1400 m (fig. 8). The butterfly flies on south oriented slopes with tall grasses together with Pieris bryoniae carpathensis (Moucha, 1956), Erebia epiphron transsylvanica (Rebel, 1908), E. manto trajanus (Hormuzaki, 1895), E. euryale syrmia (Fruhstorfer, 1919) and E. medusa psodea (Hübner, 1804). According to the current literature data and to our personal observations, in the Romanian Carpathians the species flies mainly in upper-mountain and subalpine regions, generally being confmed to tall herbs meadows situated at the upper coniferous tree belt. It seems to develop very local populations, but while for example populations in the Czech Republic were thoroughly analyzed from the dispersal point of view (Kuras et al. 2003), we have no data conceming these aspects in Romania. E. sudetica is listed on annexes 3A and 3B of the Minister Order no. 1.198/2005. lts presence on annex 3B is rather redundant because annex 3A already includes the species among the strictly protected ones at European level (therefore including Romania). In the Romanian Red List for butterflies (Rakosy 2003), the species is listed as endangered, with populations ranging from vulnerable to endangered at regional level. Glaucopsyche ( Maculinea ) rebeli (Hirschke, 1 904) This species has a poorly known distribution in Romania. It has been recorded only from the north- western part of the country (Transyl vania) (Rakosy et al. 2003), but it is very likely that the lack of records is in many cases due to the confusion with the very similar G. alcon (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775). Nevertheless, the term "confusion" might not be the most appropriate one as the status of these two taxa is not completely clarified yet and it might be better to talk about different ecological forms of the same taxon (Tolman & Lewington 1997). Additionally, recent work regarding the phylogeny of the Glaucopsyche {Maculinea) group proves that the two "cuckoo" species (G. alcon and G. rebeli) show little genetic divergence, suggesting that they are probably a single ecologically differentiated species (Als et al 2004, Bereczki et al. 2005). Other recent data also support this statement as Gentiana cruciata was found to be an Phegea 35 (3) (l.IX.2007): 105 additional host plant for Glaucopsyche ( Maculinea ) alcon on a site in eastem Poland (Sielezniew & Stankiewicz 2004). Under these circumstances, one of the most reliable methods of distinguishing between the two (disputed) taxa is by identifying either the larval plant species, or the host ant species. Therefore, we identified the species at three locations (table 2), based not on the adults, but on the eggs laid on Gentiana cruciata, considered as larval food plant for G. rebeli. While the record from Cluj-Napoca is a confirmation for that area (Goia & Dinca 2006), the record from Lacul Ivanu represents the first known location outside Transylvania, as Cara§-Severin County belongs to Banat (fig. 1). Given the extremely poorly known distribution of this species in Romania, it is difficult to assess its habitat preferences. The available data suggest that it is a xeromountaineous species (rocky grasslands) (fig. 9), but it may also be found in hilly areas with moderately grazed bushy meadows. The Romanian Red List for butterflies (Rakosy 2003) designates G. rebeli as a vulnerable taxon at national level, but ranging from data deficiënt to vulnerable at local level. The species has no legislative protection status in Romania. This is in our opinion a rather normal state of fact; before elaborating concrete protection and conservation measures, it is necessary to undertake sustained actions in order to identify and survey the (supposed) genuine populations of G. rebeli. Only then will we be able to correctly evaluate the species' situation at national level. Nevertheless, taking into consideration the habitat preferences of G. rebeli and the distribution of G. alcon (which is not a common species in Romania), we may already assume that G. rebeli is very localized and already endangered in most of the cases. Taking into consideration the species' need for open and short herbaceous vegetation, one of the main management requirements would be, at least for some sites, rotational grazing which should ensure optimal condition both for the ants and larval host plants (Benes et al. 2002). Glaucopsyche ( Maculinea ) teleius (Bergstrasser, 1779) According to the current data (Rakosy et al. 2003), the distribution of G. teleius in Romania is restricted to the central, north-westem and north-eastem parts of the country. Yet, there is a significant lack of data due to the presence of very large regions that were completely (or almost completely) unstudied. During our trip, we identified two strong populations belonging to this species (table 2). While the species was known to develop significant populations in the surroundings of Sighi^oara (Rakosy & Weber 1981), the record from Raco§ is new for the country. In Romania, G. teleius is a local species although more widespread and common than G. nausithous (Bergstrasser 1779), the latter being currently known only from no more than three to four sites. Despite this fact, continuous Phegea 35 (3) (l.IX.2007): 106 monitoring of the known populations seems mandatory since G. teleius has relatively high ecological standards (Benes et al. 2002, Wynhoff 2001) and is the most sedentary of all the species of the genus (Wynhoff 1996, 2001). G. teleius is protected in Romania through the Minister Order no. 1.198/2005, being listed both in annex 2 and annex 3A. The Romanian Red List for butterflies (Rakosy 2003) designates G. teleius as an endangered species at national level, with populations ranging from endangered to critically endangered at local level. These statements are realistic as the suitable habitats for this species present in Romania are regressing following the sad European trend. We have no knowledge of any concrete management measures taken in Romania in order to preserve a certain population of G. teleius. Under these circumstances, the maintenance of most of the best habitats is due to the traditional land use still practiced in many parts of Romania, but the general tendency is against this state of fact. If accurate conservation measures are not taken during the following years, we estimate that most of the species related to marsh meadows will suffer significant declines in Romania. Pyrgus sidae (Esper, 1784) This is a rare species in Romania, usually very local and developing small colonies. It can be found in xeric grasslands or in more humid situations (mesophilous meadows), but almost always in places rich in flowers, similar to most of Europe (Tolman & Lewington 1997). Recent records (after 1980) come only from Transylvania and Dobrogea (Rakosy et al. 2003). Our record from Rimetea - Piatra Secuiului (Western Carpathians) adds another interesting taxon to the list of valuable species recorded from this area (Rakosy et al. 1999) and a new locality for P. sidae in Transylvania, where it is known from a few records only (Fuss 1850, Schneider 1970, Rakosy 2002, Goia & Dinca 2006). The species is listed on annex 3B of the Minister Order no. 1.198/2005. The Romanian Red List for butterflies (Rakosy 2003) designates P. sidae as an endangered species at national level, with populations ranging from endangered to vulnerable at local level. Heteropterus morpheus (Pallas, 1771) Although it was recorded from most of Romania's historical regions, except for vast areas in the south (Rakosy et al. 2003), this may be misleading as H. morpheus is a very local species in the country with few known colonies. We found it at Rimetea - Piatra Secuiului (Western Carpathians), this being a new recording place for Romania. This population is of particular interest as it seems to be confmed to two small areas of tall herbs surrounded by xeric habitats, at about 900 m (fig. 9); this is an example of how local this species may be, but also it suggests its ecological plasticity, being able to survive in such Phegea 35 (3) (1. IX. 2007): 107 isolated and reduced areas. lts frequent association to humid habitats such as marshy heaths (Tolman & Lewington 1997) combined with its local character and relative rarity, makes it a potentially endangered species. In Romania, this species is listed on annex 3B of the Minister Order no. 1.198/2005, while in the Romanian Red List for butterflies (Rakosy 2003) it is considered to be endangered at a national level, with populations ranging from vulnerable to endangered according to regional particularities. It is again the case of a poorly understood distribution due to the lack of data. It is obvious that the species is local in Romania, but we know nothing about the status of its populations. Given its preference for humid habitats which are almost everywhere menaced, it is prudent to consider it endangered because of habitat loss. Table 1. Visited localities in Romania (the symbols refer to the localities in table 2). Symbol Locality Altitude (m) County Date A Pecini§ca 200-680 Cara§-Severin 15.vii.2006 A Pecini§ca 200 - 250 Cara§-Severin 27.vii.2006 B Cheile Drastanicului - Prisacina 350-900 Cara§-Severin 28.vii.2006 C Bolva§nita - Varful Arjana 500-1350 Cara§-Severin 16.vii.2006 D North Motel Dumbrava - Varful Arjana 280-1500 Cara§-Severin 29.vii.2006 E Valea Cernei - Lacul Ivanu 535 Cara§-Severin 27.vii.2006 F Dobraia 850 Cara§-Severin 28.vii.2006 G Muntii Fagara§ (Cabana Capra) 1320-1400 Arge§ 24.vii.2006 G Muntii Fagara§ (Cabana Capra) 1320- 1400 Arge§ 25.vii.2006 G Muntii Fagara§ (Cabana Capra) 1320-1400 Arge§ 30.vii.2006 H South of Varful Laita 2200-2300 Arge§ 25.vii.2006 1 Balea Lac - Varful Capra 2100-2400 Arge§ 30.vii.2006 J Colun 400 Sibiu 26.vii.2006 K Muntii Bucegi (Cabana Miorita - Varful cu Dor) 1950-2100 Prahova 22.vii.2006 L Muntii Ciuca§ (Vf. Ciuca§) 1250-1830 Prahova 21.vii.2006 M Raco§ 500-550 Bra§ov 22.vii.2006 M Raco§ 500-550 Bra§ov 31.vii.2006 N South of Sighi§oara 550-600 Mure§ 23.vii.2006 0 Izvorul Mure§ului 850 Harghita 20.vii.2006 P East of Gheorgheni 950-1050 Harghita 20.vii.2006 Q Rimetea 500-800 Alba 18.vii.2006 R Bai§oara 500 Cluj 18.vii.2006 S South of Cluj-Napoca 670-800 Cluj 01 .viii.2006 Table 2. Butterfly species observed in Romania, the localities refer to table 1. Localities: ABCDEFGH I JKLMNOPQRS Papilionidae Papilio machaon x xxx x xxxxxx Iphiclides podalirius x x x x x x x Parnassius mnemosyne * Pieridae Aporia crataegi * Pieris brassicae * xxxxxxx Phegea 35 (3) (l.IX.2007): 108 Localities: ABCDEFGH I JKLMNOPQRS Pieris bryoniae Pieris ergane Pieris mannii Pieris napi / balcana Pieris rapae Pontia edusa Anthocharis cardamines Colias alfacariensis Colias croceus Colias hyale Colias myrmidone Gonepteryx rhamni Leptidea sinapis / reali Leptidea morsei Nymphalidae Apatura iris Apatura ilia Limenitis populi Limenitis reducta Neptis sappho Neptis rivularis Nymphalis antiopa Nymphalis polychloros Inachis io Vanessa atalanta Vanessa cardui Aglais urticae Polygonia c-album Araschnia levana Argynnis paphia Argynnis laodice Argynnis aglaja Argynnis adippe Argynnis niobe Issoria lathonia Brenthis hecate Brenthis daphne Brenthis ino Boloria pales Boloria euphrosyne Boloria titania Boloria selene Boloria dia Melitaea phoebe Melitaea didyma Mellicta athalia Mellicta aurelia Melanargia galathea Hipparchia fagi X X X X XX XX X X XXXXXXXX X XX XXXXXXXX xxxx X X X X X X X X XX X X XX XXX X X X XXXXXXXX X XXXX XXX X XX X X xxxx X X X X X XX XX XXX X X xxxxxxxxxxxxx X XXX XX X X xxxxx X XXX xxxxx xxxx X XXX XX XXX X X XXX X X XXX X X XX X XX xxxx X XXX X X XXXXXXXX X X XX X XXXX XX X XXX X X X X X X X X X X xxxxx X XX XXX X X X X XXX X X X XX X X X X XX X X X XXX X X X X X X XXX XXX X XX XXX X X XX X XXX X XXX XXX X X X X Phegea 35 (3) (l.IX.2007): 109 Localities: ABCDEFGH I JKL1V1N0PQRS Hipparchia semele / volgensis Minois dryas Brintesia circe Erebia ligea Erebia euryale Erebia manto Erebia epiphron Erebia sudetica Erebia aethiops Erebia medusa Erebia melas Erebia pandrose Manioia jurtina Aphantopus hyperantus Pyronia tithonus Coenonympha pamphilus Coenonympha arcania Coenonympha glycerion Coenonympha tullia Pararge aegeria Lasiommata megera Lasiommata maera Lycaenidae Hamearis lucina Neozephyrus quercus Satyrium acaciae Satyrium ilicis Satyrium spini Lycaena phlaeas Lycaena dispar Lycaena virgaureae Lycaena tityrus Lycaena alciphron Lycaena hippothoe Cupido argiades Cupido decolorata Cupido minimus Cupido osiris Celastrina argiolus Glaucopsyche alcon / rebeli Glaucopsyche rebeli Glaucopsyche arion Glaucopsyche teleius Pseudophilotes vicrama Scolitantides orion Plebeius argus Plebeius idas Plebeius argyrognomon Plebeius eumedon X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XX X XXX X X XX X XX X XX X X X X X XXX X XXX X X X XX X X X XXX X X X X X X XX X X XX XX X XX XX X X X X X X X X X X XX X X XXX XXX X xxxxxxx X X X X X X X xxxxxxx X X X XXX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XX X X X X X X X X X XX XXX X XX XXX X XX X XXX X X X X X X X X X X XXX X X X X X Phegea 35 (3) (l.IX.2007): 1 10 Localities: ABCDEFGH I JKLMNOPQRS Plebeius agestis x Plebeius artaxerxes Polyommatus semiargus Polyommatus thersites x Polyommatus dorylas Polyommatus daphnis x Polyommatus coridon x Polyommatus bellargus x Polyommatus icarus x Hesperiidae Pyrgus malvae Pyrgus alveus Pyrgus sidae Carcharodus alceae x Carcharodus floccifera Erynnis tages x Heteropterus morpheus Carterocephalus palaemon Thymelicus lineola x Thymelicus sylvestris x Hesperia comma Ochlodes sylvanus x X X X XXX X X X X X XXX X X X XXX X X X X XX XX X XX X xxxxxxxx X X X X X XX XX X X X XX XX X XXX X X X X X X X X X Discussion During our two weeks field trip to Romania, we identified 1 1 9 butterfly taxa. An additional four taxa require further and more carefiil examination in order to be identified at species level (table 2) and they will be subject to another study. All in all, this is an impressive number taking into consideration the fact that it represents about 60 % of the entire Romanian butterfly fauna. On the other hand, many of the visited locations bear an impressive butterfly diversity given the fact that, during only a couple of hours of field investigation on a few hectares, we managed to count more than 40 taxa in the following localities: south of Cluj- Napoca (42), south of Sighi^oara (43), east of Gheorgheni (46), Pecini§ca (47) on July 15, North Motel Dumbrava - Varful Arjana (48), Rimetea - Piatra Secuiului (51), Raco§ (54) on July 31. Besides the ten taxa discussed above, several other of the identified species are fairly rare and/or localized in Romania, such as: Pieris ergane (Geyer, 1828), Limenitis reducta (Staudinger, 1901), Brenthis ino (Rottemburg, 1775), Boloria pales (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775), Erebia melas (Herbst, 1796), Coenonympha tullia (Müller, 1764), Lycaena hippothoe (Linnaeus 1761), Lycaena alciphron (Rottemburg, 1775), Cupido osiris (Meigen, 1829), C. decolorata (Staudinger, 1886), Plebeius eumedon (Esper, 1780), etc. Our data also add information to the distribution in Romania of several taxa considered as data deficiënt (Rakosy 2003): Glaucopsyche ( Maculinea ) rebeli (Hirschke, Phegea 35 (3) (l.IX.2007): 1 1 1 1904), Polyommatus thersites (Cantener, 1835), Plebeius artaxerxes (Fabricius, 1793). Although these results represent only a "snapshot" of Romania's butterfly diversity, in our opinion it gives convincing clues about the excellent natural Capital and potential of the country. We use the term "potential" because, comparing the amount of available data regarding the Romanian Lepidoptera fauna with the vast areas of seminatural habitats present in many regions, it is quite obvious that many butterfly populations of conservative, faunistical or other interest still remain to be discovered. As an additional example to the previously commented species, we mention Polyommatus daphnis (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775), a fairly local species in Romania, which during the last 100 years was recorded only once (1984) in entire south-eastem Transylvania (Székely 2005) which is one of the best studied butterfly regions in Romania (Székely 1996, 2005). Therefore, we had the surprise to ascertain that the several males and females we identified at Raco§ represent the second record in south- eastem Transylvania. Romania's high butterfly diversity is mainly a consequence of its numerous natural and seminatural areas. Nevertheless, the main causes which determined the persistence of this favourable natural context often have nothing to do with active protective measures. It is rather a heritage of the Romanian traditional way of living which, among others implied (mostly involuntary) several very important habitat management aspects which are today highly appreciated and used as effective protection measures: manual mowing, non-chemized agriculture techniques, extensive grazing, selective and rotational deforestations, etc. Unfortunately, as Romania is stmggling to align to the European Union Standards, the traditional way of living once widespread in the countryside is now becoming rarer and rarer. This requires active conservation measures in order to safeguard at least the most important habitats and populations of the many national and Community interest species present in Romania. The studies undertaken in order to asses the effects on invertebrates of land-use type changes in Romania, although very few, provide valuable information conceming the threats emerging from such transformations (Cremene et al. 2005, Baur et al. 2006). A significant number of populations belonging to highly threatened butterfly and moth species should be safeguarded through the implementation of the Natura 2000 network in Romania. While the protected areas designation process is under way, we need much more recent distributional data in order to be able to elaborate effective management measures for the conservation of these habitats and species. Phegea 35 (3) (l.IX.2007): 1 12 Acknowledgements We would like to express our gratitude to: J. M. Brocal, W. De Prins, A. Keymeulen, M. S. Mölgaard, L. Rakosy, M. Goia, D. Trew and J. Verhuist for the information they provided us while preparing this field trip. The authors are grateful to P. Sonderegger for the confirmation of the Erebia sudetica radnaensis male genitalia. An invaluable help for us were the suggestions and bibliographic input from the late R. Leestmans. References Als, T., D., Vila, R., Kandul, P„ N., Nash, D., R„ Yen, S.-H., Hsu, Y.-F., Mignault, A., A„ Boomsma, J., J., Pierce, N., E. 2004. The evolution of altemative parasitic life histories in large blue butterflies. — Nature 432: 386-390. Anonymous, 2005. Ordin pentru actualizarea anexelor nr. 2, 3, 4 §i 5 la Ordonanta de urgenta a Guvemului nr. 236/2000 privind regimul ariilor naturale protejate, conservarea habitatelor naturale, a florei §i faunei salbatice, aprobata cu modifïcari prin Legea nr. 462/200 1 . — Monit. Ofic. Rom., part. I, nr. 1.097/6.XII.2005. Baur, B., Cremene, C., Groza, G., Rakosy, L., Schileyko, A., A., Baur, A., Stoll, P., Erhardt, A. 2006. 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Erebia pharte (Lepidoptera, Satyridae) a species less known in the Romanian Carpathians. — Travaux du Musée d'Histoire naturelle "Grigore Antipa", Bucure§ti 28: 85-88. Rakosy, L. 1988. A valuable collection of Lepidoptera in the Zoological Museum of the University in Cluj-Napoca (II). — Studia Univ. Babe§-Bolyai, Biol. 33(1): 72-95. Rakosy, L. 1996. Die Noctuiden Rumdniens. — Staphia, Linz, 648 p. Rakosy, L. 1997. Macrolepidopterele din Parcul National Retezat. - In: Rakosy L. (ed.). Entomofauna parcurilor nationale Retezat §i Valea Cernei. — Soc. lepid. rom., Cluj-Napoca. Chapter pagination: 87-122. Rakosy, L. 2002. Diversitat der Schmetterlinge (Lepidoptera) im Cheile Turzii Naturschutzgebiet (Siebenbürgen, Rumanien). — Entomologica romanica 6 (2001): 5-39. Rakosy, L. 2003. Lista ro§ie pentru fluturii diumi din Romania. — Bul. inf. Soc. lepid. rom. 13(1-4): 9-26. Phegea 35 (3) (l.IX.2007): 114 Rakosy, L. 2006. 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Cateva demente sudice §i estice ïn entomofauna colinelor stepice din ïmprejurimile Sibiului. — Stud. com. §t. nat. Muz. Brukenthal 15: 279-286. Sielezniew, M. & Stankiewicz, A. M. 2004. Gentiana cruciata as an additional host plant of Maculinea alcon on a site in eastem Poland (Lycaenidae). — Nota lepidopterologica 27(1): 91- 93. Skolka, M. 1994. Date referitoare la lepidopterele din Dobrogea (Grypocera, Rhopalocera). — Bul. inf. Soc. lepid. rom. 5(3-4): 223-244. Stanescu, M., 1995. The Catalogue of "Ludovic Beregszaszy" Lepidopteran Collection (Insecta: Lepidoptera). — Travaux du Musée d'Histoire naturelle "Grigore Antipa”, Bucure§ti 35: 221— 346. Székely, L. 1996. Lepidopterele (Fluturii) din sud-estul Transilvaniei (Romania). — Disz. Tipo, Sacele, 78 p. Székely, L. 2005. Noutati lepidopterologice din sud-estul Transilvaniei (Judetul Bra§ov, Romania). — Bul. inf. Soc. lepid rom. 14-15 (2003-2004): 41-56. Tiltscher, P. 1913. Argynnis Amathusia var. transsylvanica subsp. nova. — Entomologische Zeitschrift, Frankfurt am Main 26: 210-211. Tolman, T. & Lewington, R. 1997. Field Guide of the Butterflies of Britain and Europe. — Harper Collins Publishers, London, 320 p. Van Swaay, C. A. M. & Warren, M. S. 1999. Red Data book of European butterflies (Rhopalocera). Nature and Environment, 99. — Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg, XXX p. Varga, Z. 1999. Die Erebien der Balkanhalbinsel und Karpaten IV. Übersicht der subspezifischen Gliederung und der Verbreiding der Erebia- Arten in der Balkanhalbinsel und in den Karpaten (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). — Entomologica romanica 3 (1998): 15-29. Varga, Z. 2002. Die Erebien der Balkanhalbinsel und Karpaten IV. Übersicht der subspezifischen Gliederung und der Verbreiding der Erebia Dalman, 1816 - Arten (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) in der Balkanhalbinsel und in den Karpaten (II. Teil). — Entomologica romanica 6 (2001): 5-39. Wynhoff, I. 1996. Maculinea teleius (Bergstr., 1779). - In: van Helsdingen P. J., Willemse, L. & Speight, M. C. D. (eds.). Background information on the invertebrates of the Habitats Directive and the Bern Convention. Part I - Crustacea, Coleoptera and Lepidoptera. — Nature and Environment 79: 172-179. Wynhoff, I. 2001. At home on Foreign Meadows: the Reintroduction of two Maculinea Butterfly species. — Doctoral Thesis. Wagenigen Agricultural University, The Netherlands, 236 p. Phegea 35 (3) (l.IX.2007): 115 Boekbespreking Zilli, A., Ronkay, L. & Fibiger, M Noctuidae Europaeae Volume 8 Apameini. 21 x 29 cm, 323 p. waarvan 16 kleurenplaten en 41 zwartwit-platen, Entomological Press, Soro, te bestellen bij Apollo Books, Kirkeby Sand 19, DK-5771 Stenstrup, Denmark, apollobooks@vip. cybercity, DK, gebonden met stofomslag, 2005, DKK 1.160,00 (ISBN 87-89430- 09-3). In dit voorlaatste deel uit de reeks "Noctuidae Europaeae" wordt het tribus Apameini behandeld. Daartoe behoren enkele "moeilijke" groepen zoals Luperina, Photedes, Mesapamea en Oligia. Voor het eerst in de reeks werd ook gebruik gemaakt van mitochondriale DNA-studies voor het vaststellen van de onderlinge verwantschap in de Apamea- groep. Dit leidde tot nogal drastische, taxonomische (en daardoor nomenclaturale) veranderingen, waardoor o.a. de algemeen bekende Apamea monoglypha nu tot het genus Abromias Billberg, 1820 moet gerekend worden. In het boek komen zo nog wel meer nomenclatorische verrassingen voor; zo wordt de zustersoort van Mesapamea secalis opnieuw Mesapamea secalella genoemd, omdat wordt aangetoond dat M. didyma een synoniem van M. secalis zou zijn. Dit hoeft allemaal echter niet tot paniek te leiden, want in Fauna Europaea (www.fauneur.org) werden deze naamswijzigingen niet doorgevoerd. Het toont alleen maar aan dat we nog slechts erg weinig weten over de reële fylogenetische verwantschappen van de verschillende soorten en dat er nog heel wat werk zal moeten verzet worden vooraleer er een stabiele nomenclatuur ontstaat. In het boek worden 2 lectotypes vastgelegd, 7 nieuwe genera en 5 nieuwe soorten of ondersoorten beschreven, 3 genusnamen en 10 soortnamen krijgen een andere status, 2 genusnamen en 46 soortnamen worden gesynonymiseerd en 77 soortnamen komen in een ander genus terecht. Het inleidend deel bevat hoofdstukken over de biosystematiek en de evolutie van de Apameini, de geschiedenis van de studie der Apameini, de biologie, diapauze en vliegtijd. In het systematisch deel wordt elke soort uitgebreid behandeld: volledige benaming met referentie naar de originele beschrijving, taxonomische notities, diagnose (= korte beschrijving) met verwijzing naar gelijkende soorten, bionomie (habitat, vliegtijd, voedselplanten) en verspreiding. Voor elke soort wordt de verspreiding in Europa op een kaartje voorgesteld. Grote genera worden meestal opgesplitst in subgenera of nog verder in soortengroepen. Telkens worden de morfologische kenmerken aangegeven op grond waarvan dit gebeurt. Er is bij deze onderverdeling niet enkel rekening gehouden met de Europese soorten, maar ook met de andere die in het Palaearctische gebied voorkomen, en zelfs met die uit Noord- Amerika. De kleurenplaten zijn samengesteld door David Wilson en van voortreffelijke kwaliteit; op grijze achtergrond worden alle behandelde soorten in natuurlijke grootte afgebeeld met uitstekende foto's, soms tot 70 exemplaren op één plaat. Hierdoor kon de variatie binnen vele soorten goed gedocumenteerd worden. De meeste afbeeldingen zijn dan ook zonder meer bruikbaar voor determineerdoeleinden, al zal men bij enkele moeilijke groepen toch zijn toevlucht moeten blijven nemen tot het bestuderen van de genitaliën. Van alle soorten worden de mannelijk en vrouwelijke genitalia afgebeeld op zwartwit-platen. Ze werden gefotografeerd door Vladimir Kononenko. Bij de mannetjes wordt de penis met uitgestulpte vesica naast het ventraal geprepareerde genitaal afgebeeld. Bij elke foto wordt vermeld uit welk land het exemplaar afkomstig is, het preparaatnummer en de preparator, zodat het mogelijk is om in de toekomst snel de originele preparaten terug te vinden voor verder onderzoek. Achteraan volgt een literatuurlijst en een alfabetische index. Het hele boek is zeer zorgvuldig uitgegeven en gedrukt op kwaliteitspapier. Het zal voor lange tijd het standaardwerk blijven voor de Europese Noctuidae. Ondanks zijn prijs de moeite waard voor wie echt bezig wil zijn met Noctuidae. Willy De Prins Phegea 35 (3) (l.IX.2007): 1 16 An Oak coppice in Genk and its weevil fauna (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Cryptorhynchinae) Bart Bosmans Abstract. Oak coppice can be considered a vegetation type providing a long-term continuity in living conditions. By sieving, a soil sample was taken from one specifïc Oak coppice. This sample was analysed on the presence of Coleoptera relic species of the genus Acalles. Samenvatting. Een hakhoutstoof te Genk en zijn snuitkeverfauna (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Cryptorhynchinae) Hakhoutstoven vormen een relictvegetatie. Ze bieden een mate van continuïteit in leefomstandigheden over een langere tijdsperiode. Met een zeefstaalname werd op één specifieke locatie nagegaan of deze hakhoutstoof ook relict snuitkeversoorten uit het genus Acalles bevatte. Résumé. Un taillis de chêne a Genk et son faune de curculionides (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Cryptorhynchinae) Les taillis de chênes ont connues une exploitation constante depuis des siècles. Cette continuité végétale a du créer un biotope stable. A 1’aide d’un tamis un échantillon de substrat d’une spécifïque taillis de chênes a été enlevé pour chercher la présence des espèces coléoptères du genre Acalles. Key words: Coleoptera - Curculionidae - Cryptorhynchinae - Acalles ptinoides - coppice - small landscape dements - faunistics - Belgium - Flanders - Limburg. Bosmans, B.: Roerstraat 75, B-3600 Genk (bart@ongewervelden.be). Genk has some sites of old Oak coppices. Most of these locations have known coppice practice until the early 20th century. One such concentration of coppices can be found at the Genk locality of Zwartberg (Belgium, province of Limburg). The coppices are situated within a declining heather on sandy soil, next to neglected pine plantations. The most impressive coppice stool ( Quercus petraea - sessile oak) has been acknowledged as one of the most important autochthonous oak sites in Flanders (evaluated as certainly autochthonous) (Vander Mijnsbrugge et al. 2003: 210). Discussion The Oak coppice in question (FS7754, Zwartberg, Klaverberg), due to its autochthonous status, can be considered as a relic or indicator of a former natural woody vegetation (Vander Mijnsbrugge et al. 2003: 216). The cutting cycle in coppice favours growth of sprouts and the forming of ‘brushes’, knobs with an entanglement of fresh and dead twigs. The growing of ‘brushes’ and sprouts creates an ideal environment for the development of Acalles species. The presumption that a long-term continuity in vegetation should harbour weevil relic-species that are favoured by the sylvicultural coppice practice, was put to the test. A soil sample was taken on 14.viii.2005. Conditions for soil-sampling were not ideal. The Oak coppice stands prone to weathering by wind and rain. Possibly since the early 20th century, the coppice is no longer in cultivation. At the trunk level, few sprouts or branches are present. Soil erosion slowly erodes Phegea 35 (3) (l.IX.2007): 117 the top surface of the coppice mound. By brushing low branches and the soil around the trunks, some substrate was collected. The soil sample was processed during one week by method of an extraction funnel. Fig. 1. Sampled sessile oak coppice ( Quercus petraed) at Klaverberg (Genk, Zwartberg, FS7754). Further investigation After extraction, two specimen of Acalles ptinoides (Marsham, 1802) were retrieved. The fmd of Acalles ptinoides confirms the presumed presence of this species for the locality. Regardless of the fact that A. ptinoides is our most frequent species of the genus Acalles , it still indicates a continuity in living conditions at that specific site. Despite the unfavourable condition of the coppice mound, a population manages to develop. The sampled coppice is not the sole coppice within the locality. Many surround the sampled site. In contrast, most of these coppices are less exposed to the natural dements. They are largely covered by a layer of humus and leaf litter in which specimen can shelter. More shoots are present. Further investigation should point out if A. ptinoides is locally thriving and whether other species of Cryptorhynchinae are present. Acknowledgements I would like to express special thanks to Kristine Vander Mijnsbrugge for providing the necessary literature to appreciate and understand the special status of the Klaverberg coppice. Phegea 35 (3) (l.IX.2007): 118 References Alonso-Zarazaga, M. A. 2005. Fauna Europaea: Curculionidae, Cryptorhynchinae. - Fauna Europaea version 1.2. — http://www.faunaeur.org Heijerman, T. 2004. The weevil genera Acalles, Ruteria and Kyklioacalles in the Netherlands (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). — Nederlandse Faunisiische Mededelingen 21: 61-78. Vander Mijnsbrugge, K., Coart, E., Beeckman, H. & Van Slycken, J. 2003. Conservation measures for autochthonous oaks in Flanders. — Forest Genetics 10(3): 207-217. Phegea 35 (3) (l.IX.2007): 119 Boekbespreking Waring, P. & Townsend, M.: Nachtvlinders. Veldgids met alle in Nederland en België voorkomende soorten. 14,5 x 21,5 cm, 415 p., doorlopend in kleur geïllustreerd, Tirion Uitgevers BV, www.tirionuitgevers.nl, gebonden, 2006 (ISBN 90-5210-625-8). Deze veldgids is niet zomaar een vertaling van het oorspronkelijk Engelstalige werk, maar wel een bewerking ervan, vooral wat de geografische verspreiding van de verschillende soorten betreft. Dit onderdeel werd nl. volledig herwerkt naar de situatie in België en Nederland. Bovendien werden alle extra soorten die in beide landen voorkomen, maar niet in Groot-Brittannië, opgenomen. Van sommige maakte Richard Lewington zelfs afbeeldingen die in de bestaande kleurenplaten werden ingevoegd. Het is jammer, maar begrijpelijk, dat niet alle soorten konden afgebeeld worden. Het inleidend deel bevat o.a. teksten over de morfologie van nachtvlinders, de levenscyclus, veldtechnieken om nachtvlinders te vinden en bescherming van nachtvlinders. De tekst bij elke soort bevat een korte beschrijving van het uiterlijk, waardoor het in principe mogelijk moet zijn de verschillende soorten in het veld te kunnen determineren. Er wordt telkens verwezen naar gelijkende soorten. In aparte paragrafen worden details gegeven over de vliegtijd en het gedrag, de levenscyclus, voedselplanten van de rups, habitat en voorkomen in Nederland en België. Naast de talrijke afbeeldingen op de kleurenplaten, die werkelijk van voortreffelijke kwaliteit zijn, komen er ook nog heel wat afbeeldingen in de tekst voor, meestal kleurenfoto's van rupsen. Dat er nood was aan een dergelijk boek, blijkt uit het feit dat de eerste druk reeds na 2 maanden volledig was uitverkocht. Het is nu wachten op de tweede druk, waarin dan hopelijk enkele kleine drukfoutjes kunnen verbeterd worden. Tevens kan dan wat gewijzigd worden aan de informatie over de verspreiding, want door het succes van de eerste druk werd er zodanig naar nachtvlinders gekeken, dat er heel wat nieuwe waarnemingen, vooral over de verspreiding, bekend raakten. Willy De Prins Inhoud: Bosmans, B.: An Oak coppice in Genk and its weevil fauna (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Cryptorhynchinae) 117 Cuvelier, S. & Dinca, V.: New data regarding the butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) of Romania, with additional comments (general distribution in Romania, habitat preferences, threats and protection) for ten localized Romanian species 93 Dils, J. & Özbek, H.: A new species of the genus Exoprosopa (Diptera: Bombyliidae) from Turkey 81 Seven, S.: Preliminary work on the moth fauna (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) of Kazdagi National Park - II (Turkey) 85 Boekbesprekingen 92, 116, 120 CMITHSONIAN institution libraries 3 9088 01386 7221 verantw. uitg.: W. De Prins, Dorpstraat 401B, B-3061 Leefdaal (Belgium) — Tel: +32-2-305.37.32 Phegea 35 (3) (l.IX.2007): 120