LEATHER DRESSING APPLIED! >^L7V— / ^ ^ £ \y (>/ A a ^ ?r mu &or THE PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE c- 1 Merrill: Plants from Sorsogon Province, Luzon 35 floribus 5-meris, extus dense hirsutis, corollae tubo 3 cm longo, sepalis late lanceolatis, circiter 2 cm longis, persistentibus, sepala foliacea circiter 7 cm longa. A shrub or small tree, 3 to 4 m high, most parts prominently hirsute with stiff, spreading, pale-brownish hairs, the branches terete, brown. Leaves in equal or subequal pairs, membra- naceous, olivaceous, ovate, 10 to 20 cm long, 6 to 10 cm wide, the midribs and lateral nerves of both surfaces prominently hirsute with spreading hairs, apex acuminate, base equilateral, attenuate; lateral nerves about 11 on each side of the midrib, prominent ; petioles proper 1 to 2 cm long, hirsute. Panicles terminal, ample, prominently spreading-hirsute, up to 20 cm in diameter, with numerous, crowded, subpersistent bracts and bracteoles, the flowers 5-merous, somewhat crowded on the ultimate branchlets; bracts and bracteoles similar, lanceolate, acuminate, hirsute, 6 to 13 cm long, the former sometimes cleft or trifid with lateral lobes much smaller than the central one. Calyx tube narrowly ovoid, densely hirsute with stiff, spreading, 2 mm long hairs, 8 to 9 mm long, the lobes persistent, broadly lanceolate, acuminate, hirsute outside, sparingly pubescent inside, about 2 cm long and 6 mm wide, the foliaceous one ovate to elliptic ovate, about 7 cm long and 4 cm wide, sparingly hirsute, acute or obscurely acuminate, base acute, prominently nerved and reticulate. Corolla tube cylindric, rather stout, densely hirsute outside, 3 cm long, the limb about 13 mm in diameter, spreading or recurved, the lobes broadly ovate, glabrous inside, obtuse or acute, about 5 mm long. Luzon, Province of Sorsogon, Mount Pocdal, Bur. Sci. 23585 Ramos, August 10, 1915, on damp slopes in open forests. Apparently also referable here is a fruiting specimen from the same mountain, Bur. Sci. 23715 Ramos, collected August 6, 1915. The alliance of this species is with Mussaenda philippinensis Merr., in the section with persistent sepals. It differs from that species, however, in its more prominent indumentum, its much broader bracts and bracteoles, broader persistent sepals, stouter, densely hirsute, longer corolla tube, broader limb, and longer corolla lobes. ' • ■ ' The Philippine Journal of Science, C. Botany. Vol. XI, No. 1, January, 1916. A NEW SPECIES OF HYDNOCARPUS By C. DeCandolle (Geneva, Switzerland ) In November, 1914, Mr. T. Alcala of Daraga, Albay Province, Luzon, submitted to the Bureau of Agriculture in Manila, some rather large detached fruits, accompanied by an inquiry as to whether or not they were edible. The fruits, which resembled nothing that had previously been received in the herbarium of the Bureau of Science, were identified by me as belonging to the Flacourtiaceae. A request was then sent to Mr. Alcala, that an attempt be made to secure flowering material of the plant. To this request Mr. Alcala courteously complied, and in February, 1915, collected flowering specimens of the plant which he trans- mitted to Manila. This material reached Manila after my de- parture for the United States, and in view of the possible special interest of the plant, a portion of it was transmitted to Dr. C. DeCandolle in Geneva for identification. In view of the fact that chaulmoogra oil, which is produced by Asiatic represen- tatives of the closely allied genus Taraktogenos, and perhaps by representatives of the genus Hydnocarpus, it was thought that this Philippine form, having numerous large seeds, might prove to be of some value, and that its oil might possibly have the same curative value in the treatment of leprosy as is found to be the case with the true chaulmoogra oil. — E. D. M. FLACOURTIACEAE HYDNOCARPUS Gaertner HYDNOCARPUS ALCALAE C. DC. sp. nov. Monoicus, foliis breviter petiolatis, glabris, limbo oblongo- ovato integro basi inaequilatera latere latiore rotundato an- gustiore attenuate apice obtusiuscule acuminate, penninervio, nervis lateralibus adscendentibus utrinque 7 ; racemo simplici glabro folium superante dissite cymuligero, floribus hermaphrod- itis longe pedicellatis, sepalis 5 ovatis glabris, petalis 5 quam sepala paullo brevioribus ellipticis basi truncatis apice margine intusque breviter hirsutis, squamis basi petalorum affixis obiongis apice acute apiculatis extus dense et breviter hirsutis ; staminibus 37 38 The Philippine Journal of Science 5 petala fere aequantibus, filamentis tenuibus antheris extrorsis ; ovario oblongo-obovato dense et albescente hirsuto, stigmate sessili radiatira 5-partito, laciniis carnosis deorsum reflexis apice dilatatis emarginatisque, placentis 5 parietalibus dense ovuliferis, fructu magno obovoideo glabro seminibus oblongo-ellipticis. Arbor 4 ad 5 m alta trunco 50 ad 60 cm ambitu ramis glabris. Folia alterna. Limbus in sicco firmus, usque ad 25 cm longus et 11 cm latus, petiolus 1 cm longus. Racemus floriferus 54 cm longus. Pedicelli 2.5 cm longi. Sepala 1.2 cm longa, 0.7 cm lata. Petala 0.8 cm longa 0.5 cm lata. Antherae 0.2 cm longae. Fructus in sicco atrorubescens 23 cm longus et usque ad 14.5 cm latus. Semina 80 ad 90 usque 3 cm longa. Luzon, Province of Albay, in damp ravines in Daraga and in the Camilig Mountains, T. Alcala, in herb. Manila and DeCandolle. The vernacular name is dudu-dudu, and regarding the plant Mr. Alcala writes: “It is said that the oil extracted from the seeds is a good cure for wounds. It is generally believed to be poisonous, and when I ate six or eight of the boiled seeds I had a slight sickness; however, many children eat them raw without the slightest ill effect.” The Philippine Journal of Science, C. Botany. Vol. XI, No. 1, January, 1916. MISCELLANEOUS NEW FERNS By Edwin Bingham Copeland1 (From the College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines, Los Banos, P. I.) ATHYRIUM RIDLEY1 Copel. sp. nov. Filix insignis gregis A. Swartzii (Bl.) Copel.; rhachi inerme, in sulcis minute pilosa; pinnis alternantibus, stipitatis, brevi- falcato-acuminatis, basi truncatis, deorsum grosse crenato-ser- ratis dentibus obtusis vel rotundatis, fere 40 cm longis, plusquam 10 cm latis; venulis 10-12 paribus, irregulariter anastomosan- tibus et medio inter venas areolas plures steriles includentibus ; indusio angustissimo. Pahang, Ridley 13970. Javan ferns referable to Athyrium accedens or A. Swartzii rarely have additional areolae, included between the regular rows, but are never ample in a measure comparable to this fern. Digrammaria robusta Fee, treated by Van Alderwerelt and Christensen as included in Diplazium proliferum, was described by Fee from Bourbon material as generically distinct because only the lowest veins unite. M ICROLEPIA RIDLEYI Copel. sp. nov. Fronde grande, bipinnata, rhachibus sub lente minute pubes- centibus; pinnis ca. 70 cm longis, fere 20 cm latis, brevistipitatis, acuminatis; pinnulis subsessilibus, basibus perobliquis, acumi- natis, apicibus rectis vel subfalcatis, inciso-crenatis, costa deorsum indusiisque puberulentibus, aliter glabris, membrana- ceis; lobis ca. 8 mm latis, truncatis, integris vel crenulatis; venis inconspicuis ; soris in lobo magno basale acroscopico pluribus, aliter infra incisiones solitariis; indusio semicyathiforme. Perak, Ridley U200. Different from Microlepia platyphylla (Don) J. Sm. in texture, incon- spicuous veins, hairy indusia, and most essentially in the form of the indusium. Don’s diagnosis of Davallia platyphylla is too brief to permit certain discrimination. Hooker 2 describes D. lonchitidea Wall, as iden- tical with it; his figure is that of a fern very similar to M. Ridleyi, with sessile pinnules, while the text says “primary and secondary pinnules much petioled.” I believe that both names, platyphylla and lonchitidea, 1 Dean of the College of Agriculture, and professor of plant physiology, University of the Philippines. 2 Sp. Fil. 1 : 173. 39 40 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 apply to the plant figured by Beddome,3 which is very distinct. It has naked indusia, broader than long, usually cordate, and with free sides. ANGIOPTERIS MADAGASCAR! ENSIS De Vriese. Madagascar, Humblot 546. De Vriese4 concludes his description with “An fortasee potius evolu- tionis status?” That his specimen was decidedly immature is shown by several of his notes; especially, “Sori . . . nigri, propter indusium quo teguntur, haud bene conspiciendi.” The character on which he lays most emphasis, the very thin and pellucid pinnule, depends on the immaturity. Humblot’s specimen is mature, and permits the following corrections to be made in the description: Rachis pale brown and, like the costa, nearly naked; pinnules up to 20 cm long, lanceolate, dentate with moderately serrate tip, papyraceous, subpellucid, veins opaque, conspicuous, false veins present, but incon- spicuous and reaching less than halfway to the costa; sori 2 mm from the margin, 1.5 to 2 mm long, deep brown, on the outside almost black because of the dried and adherent indusium, of which there are no loose fragments; sporangia 10 to 15, or rarely 18. The pinnules are rather long-stalked (3 mm) ; the lowest has a stalk 2 cm long, and bears 2 free leaflets on the lower side- — as sometimes observed in other species with very ample fronds. As these deviations from De Vriese’s description are all such as a mature frond could be expected to show in comparison with an immature one, I have no doubt that the plants are the same. ELAPHOGLOSSUM PARVUM Copel. sp. nov. Rhizomate breve, suberecto, paleis ovatis ferrugineis decidue et sparsiter ciliatis occulto; stipitibus confertis, frondium sterilium ca. 2 cm altis applanatis squamosis sursum mox gla- brescentibus, frondis fertilis 6 cm alto; fronde sterile oblan- ceolata, obtusa, deorsum sensim angustata, coriacea, angustis- sime deflexo-marginata, glabra vel glabrescente, 10-15 cm alta, 2 cm lata ; venis obliquis, occultis, costa utraque facie applanata ; fronde fertile 6 cm alta, lanceolata. China, Fokien Province, coll, on Mr. Dunn’s expedition to central Fokien, 1905, Hongkong Herbarium 8821. This has the form of a very small E. decurrens, but utterly different paleae. ELAPHOGLOSSUM MACGREGOR! Copel. sp. nov. Rhizomate crasso, repente, paleis 1-1.5 cm longis linearibus integris rigidis castaneis nitidis dense obtecto; stipitibus con- fertis, frondium sterilium 1-4 cm altis, applanatis, alatis, stramineis, nudis, frondis fertilis fere 10 cm alto sursum solum- modo alato; fronde sterile 20-25 cm alta, 2-3 cm lata, subacu- minata, oblanceolata, deorsum sensim ad alam stipitis angustata, coriacea, inferne sub lente pilis stellatis sparsiter ornata, an- gustissime cartilagineo-marginata ; venis obliquis, immersis, in- Ferns of Southern India, PI. ISO. Monogr., 23-24. xi, c, i Copeland: Miscellaneous New Ferns 41 conspicuis, costa utraque facie applanata; fronde fertile 10 cm longa, 2.5 cm lata, basi abrupte cuneata. Luzon, Mountain Province, Polis Mountain, Bur. Sci. 19780 R. C. McGregor. Most nearly related to E. callifolium (Bl.) Moore, but very much smaller and with almost sessile sterile fronds. Elaphaglossum callifolium is not known north of Negros. ELAPHOGLOSSUM BASILANICUM Copel. sp. nov. E. decurrenti (Bl.) Moore affine, frondibus sterilibus subses- silibus, acutis, oblanceolatis, inferne praecipue costam et mar- ginem secus squamis laceratis sat dense vestitis, costa inferne carinata. Basilan, Bur. Sci. 16232 Reillo. Very distinct from other species, but closely related to E. decurrens, the scales both on the rhizome and scattered over the nether surface of the frond being of the same peculiar types. The denser scales along costa and margin are larger and less completely dissected. All fronds, even the oldest, remain decidedly scaly. The sterile fronds are narrower than those of E. decurrens, and not quite so coriaceous. The color is a rather light reddish-brown. LYGODIUM VERSTEEGII Christ in Res. de l’Exp. Sci. Neerl. a la Nouv. Guinee. 8 (1910) 163. Luzon, Tayabas Province, Guinayangan, Bur. Sci. 20821 Escritor. As I have previously noted,5 New Guinea plants believed to represent this species are far from uniform. These Philippine specimens are not quite identical with any I have from New Guinea, but agree with Christ’s brief description rather better than do the latter. LOMAGRAMMA BIPINNATA Copel. sp. nov. Fronde 40 cm alta, ovata, bipinnata, rhachi castaneo-straminea, sparsissime et minute paleata, glabrescente ; pinnis lanceolatis, acuminatis; pinnulis valde auriculatis, basiscopice excisis, super auriculam lanceolatis, acutiusculis, serratis, herbaceis, glabris, venulis liberis simplicibus; pinnulis fertilibus modo contractis, sporangiis apices versus more Acrostichi paginam complentibus, deorsum saepe in soros venas terminates nudos congregatis. Samar, Cauayan Valley, Bur. Sci. 17515 Ramos, scandent in dry forest, alt. 100 m. Aside from the incomplete dimorphism, this is distinguished from L. articulata (J. Sm.) Copel. most evidently by the much narrower pinnules. In the moderate specialization of the fertile frond this differs decidedly from any other Lomagramma, and for this reason it appears to be the most primitive species of the genus and the most likely to indicate relation- ships and origin. The appearance of the sterile frond is decidedly that of Polystichum, but the rhizome is that of typical Lomagramma, which, in- cidentally, is not really naked. It bears a fine, sparse pubescence, suggest- ing ultimate descent from Dennstaedtia rather than from Dryopteris. 5 Philip. Journal Sci. 6 (1911) Bot. 68. . ■ The Philippine Journal of Science, C. Botany. Vol. XI, No. 1, January, 1916. THE GENUS LOXOGRAMME By Edwin Bingham Copeland ( From the College of Agriculture , University of the Philippines, Los Banos. P. I.) four plates Loxogrctmme, as the name of a group of ferns, originated with Blume 1 who used it for a subgenus of Antrophyum. In dis- cussing the affinity (a curious expression in pre-Darwinian science) of Antrophyum, he points out a resemblance to Gram- mitis, especially to the species (now known as Polypodium) with coriaceus fronds and the sori oblique to the costa, and continues : “Plures adeo Grammitides ut sectionem propriam, a soris obliquis nomine Loxo gramme (a A 6£os obliquus et y pafJL/JLr) linea) insig- nitam, subjungimus Antrophyis.” As a generic name, Loxogramme dates from Presl,2 with the following diagnosis. “Venae internae, tenuissimae, ramosis- simae, venulisque in maculas hexagonoideas elongatas inaequales anastomostantes et reticulam laxam efficientes. Sori dorso venae lateralis longioris unius aut duarum supra-positarum inserti, lineares, elangati, crassi, obtusi.” He adds that the rhizome is creeping; the fronds coriaceous, simple and entire, and the sori immersed, in the upper part of the frond. The first species listed by Blume is Antrophyum lanceolatum, the type of which is Grammitis lanceolata Swtz. It is partic- ularly fortunate that Swartz figured this fern himself 3 for Schkuhr, to whom we turn for figures of many illustrations of Swartz’s species, has in this case figured a diffenent fern, not belonging in the same genus, under this name. Blume in turn gives an excellent plate of his fern, which is still another species, but this time at least a Loxogramme. Presl also presents a figure, to illustrate the generic character (1. c. Tab. IX, Fig. 8), and labels it L. lanceolata; but it is the Antrophyum lanceolatum of Blume, not the Grammatis lanceolata of Swartz. The first species listed by Presl is Loxogramme coriacea [Grammitis coriacea Kaulf. in Spreng. Syst. Veg. 4 (1827) 71]. 1 Flora Javae 2 (1828) 73. 2 Tentamen Pteridographiae (1836) 214. 8 Synopsis Filicum. Plate I, fig. J. 43 44 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 Grammitis coriacea Kaulf is described as differing from G. lan- ceolatea Sw., in being acutiuscula instead of acuminata, and with sori linearihus elongatis instead of costae contiguis subobliquis. The type locality is the same for both: “Ins. Mascaren.” The two are now treated by all authors as identical. LOXOGRAMME (Bl.) Presl To Presl’s diagnosis, the following addition is essential : Genus ab Eupolypodii section e frondibus simplicibus (Gramittide auct. plur.) derivatum. In this section, elongate sori, approaching the type of Loxogramme, are found, notably in Polypodium magellanicum (Desv.) \_Grammitis magellanica Desv. Berl. Mag. 5 (1811) 318; P. Billat'dieri (Willd.) C. Chr., non R. Br., best known as P. australe Mett., non Fee], and less conspicuously in P. dolichosorum Copel. and many other species. In the same group the occasional anastomosis of veins is far from rare in species or individuals with notably wide fronds. The genus is typically Malayan, extending outward as far as Africa, Japan, and Polynesia. It is supposed to include also a Mexican species, L. Salvinii (Hooker) Maxon. I have included this in the key to the species, having no valid reason for not doing so. By diagnosis, it is certainly a Loxogramme, and it has altogether the appearance of one. Still, I suspect that a study more careful than I have been able to give to it and the Eupolypodia of the same region will show that it has had a separate origin in the parent group, and must therefore not be included in the same daughter genus. Key to the species. 1. Fronds very dimorphous. 2. Fertile frond narrowly linear L. dimorpha Copel. 2. Fertile frond linear-oblong L. conferta Copel. 1. Fronds somewhat dimorphous. 2. Sori parallel to costa or nearly so L. paltonioides Copel. 2. Sori moderately spreading I. iridifolia (Christ) Copel. 1. Fronds uniform. 2. Fronds lanceolate (broadest below the middle) L. Brooksii Copel. 2. Fronds linear. 3. Under 20 cm tall I. parallela Copel. 3. Over 25 cm tall L. linearis Copel. 2. Fronds linear-oblong, stipitate, small I. africana Copel. 2. Fronds oblanceolate, broadly or narrowly. 3. Fronds 1 to 2 cm broad. 4. Fronds opaque. 5. Sori costular L. lanceolata (Sw.) Presl. 5. Sori divergent. 6. Stipitate 1. Fauriei Copel. 6. Decurrent L. malayana Copel. XI, C, 1 Copeland: The Genus Loxogramme 45 4. Fronds pellucid L. Salvinii (Hook.) Maxon. 3. Fronds more ample. 4. Fronds narrowed to the base. 5. Stipes short or none. 6. Costa most prominent above L. blumeana Presl. 6. Costa most prominent below L. involuta (Bl.) Presl. 5. Stipes ±10 cm long L. grandis (Racib.) Copel. 4. Fronds abruptly narrowed at base L. Forbesii Copel. LOXOGRAMME LINEARIS Copel. sp. nov. Rhizomate repente, 2 mm crasso, paleis griseo-castaneis lan- ceolatis 3 mm longis acutis vel acuminatis vestito; stipitibus proximis vel subremotis, validis, atropurpureis, nitidis, 3-6 cm altis; frondibus 25-30 cm altis, 10-15 mm latis, acuminatis, coriaceis, glabris, costa praecipue superne praestante ; soris angulo acuto cum rhachi positis, margine remotis, imbricatis, linearibus, saepius ca. 25 mm longis. Formosa, Arisan, alt. 2,500 m, in rupibus, Faurie 959, Junio, 1914. Between L. parallela and L. Faurie, and more like the former, from which it differs in being larger throughout and in the less caudate but broader paleae. LOXOGRAMME AFRICANA sp. nov. Rhizomate late repente, 1.2 mm crasso, more generis paleaceo; stipitibus ca. 2 cm distantibus, usque ad alam decurrentem laminae 3 cm altis; fronde 10-15 cm alta, ±15 mm lata, lineari- oblonga, sursum abrupte acuta vel subacuminata, deorsum ad alam brevem angustata, subcoriacea, opaca; areolis usque ad 7 inter costam et marginem; soris 7-10 mm longis, latis, subim- mersis, superne haud praestantibus, costam prope et ea subpara- llelis, rarius imbricatis. Angola, Pungo-Andongo, Mechow’s expedition No. H2, distributed as Poly podium Loxogramme Mett., coll, in 1879. This differs from L. lanceo- lata (Sw.) Presl in the shape of the frond, which has an almost uniformly broad central part; the texture is thicker, and the stipe much longer. Gymnogramme abyssinisa Baker seems to be L. lanceolata rather than this species. ♦ LOXOGRAMME FA U R I El Copel. sp. nov. Rhizomate repente, 1-2 mm crasso, lignoso, paleis lanceolatis acutis vel acuminatis plerisque deciduis apud baseos stipitum persistentibus castaneis vestito; stipitibus 3-5 cm altis, validis, teretibus vel sursum applanatis; fronde 15-30 cm alta, oblan- ceolata vel lineari-oblanceolata, acuminata, deorsum sensim an- gustata, coriacea, glabra, siccante interdum subinvoluta; soris rectis, patentibus, imbricatis, linearibus, ad marginem fere attingentibus. 46 The Philippine Journal of Science Formosa, Bunkihiyo, alt. 1500 m, in arboribus, Faurie U05. This is the so-called L. lanceolata of Japan, of which I have in hand specimens from Nippon and Quelpaert. It differs from real L. lanceolata in the paleae, in being more coriaceous, and most conspicuously in the sori. From L. malayana, it differs most notably in not being winged to the base; and the fronds are more scattered and more coriaceous. In texture it approaches L. involuta. LOXOGRA M M E MALAYANA Copel. nom. nov. Antrophyum lanceolatum Blume, Enumeratio (1828) 117; Flora Javae 2: 84, Tab. 36, non Grammitis lanceolata Sw. Blume’s description and plate in “Flora Javae” are complete and make a new diagnosis superfluous. L. lanceolata (Sw.) Presl is a plant described from Bourbon and found in East equatorial Africa. It is represented, for instance, by No. 9 of Rosenstock’s Filices Africae Orient. Germ., collected by Daubenberger on Kilimanjaro. Its sori are costal and much less spreading, and the frond is stipitate and has its broadest part farther from the apex. L. malayana is decidedly taller, broadest near the tip, then less acuminate, and winged nearly or quite down to the insertion on the rhizome. The sori are spreading, and imbricate when in full fruit, and may reach nearly to the margin. Mettenius (Polypodium No. 216) has described the Javan plant as Poly podium Loxo gramme, but that name must probably be held as fixed by his citations of synonymy and therefore as itself applying to the real L. lanceolata. EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES [Photographs by Cortes, Bureau of Science.] Plate I FIG. 1. Loxogramme malayana Copel., from Elmer 6276, Benguet. 2. Loxogramme lanceolata (Sw.) Presl, from Swartz Synopsis Fili- cum pi. 1. fig. U. 3. Loxogramme lanceolata (Sw.) Presl, from Rosenstock 9, Kili- mandjaro. 4. Loxogramme africana Copel. Type. 5. Loxogramme Fauriei Copel. Type. Plate II Fig. 6. Loxogramme Brooksii Copel. Type. 7. Loxogramme parallela Copel. Type. 8. Loxogramme linearis Copel. Type. 9. Loxogramme blumeana Presl, from Raciborski, Tjibodas. 10. Loxogramme involuta (Bl.) Presl, from Copeland 1558, Zam- boanga. Plate III Fig. 11. Loxogramme grandis (Racib.) Copel. Cotype. 12. Loxogramme Forbesii Copel. Type. 13. Loxogramme iridifolia (Christ) Copel., from Copeland 1629, Zam- boanga. Plate IV Fig. 14. Loxogramme dimorpha Copel. Type. 15. Loxogramme paltonioides Copel. Type. 16. Loxogramme conferta Copel. Type. 17. Loxogramme Salvinii (Hook.) Maxon, from Maxon & Hay 8262, Guatemala. 47 . . ■ : • ' . • . ■■■■/• ■ • ■ Copeland: Genus Loxogrammb.] [Phil. Journ. Sci., XI, C, No. o Copeland: Genus Loxogramme.] [Phil. Journ. Sci., XI, C, No. Copeland: Genus Loxogramme.] [Phil. Journ. Sci., XI, C, No. PUBLICATIONS FOR SALE BY THE BUREAU OF SCIENCE, MANILA, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS— Continued BOTANY A FLORA OF MANILA By Elmer D. Merrill Order No. 419. Paper, 490 pages, $2.50, postpaid. Practically a complete flora of the cul- tivated areas in the Philippines. Descrip- tions, with keys, of over 1,000 species, 590 genera, and 136 families, with native names, glossary of technical terms, etc. PHILIPPINE DIPTEROCARP FORESTS By William H. Brown and Donald M. Mathews Order No. 432. 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The usual keys and diagnoses of orders, families, and genera help the novice in identification. A CHECK-LIST OF PHILIPPINE FISHES By David Starr Jordan and Robert Earl Richardson Order No. 102. Paper, 78 pages, $0.75, postpaid. This list will be found a convenient guide to the synonymy of Philippine ichthyology. The nomenclature is thoroughly revised, and the distribution of each species within the Philippine Islands is given. A CATALOGUE OF PHILIPPINE COLEOPTERA By W. Schultze Order No. 436. Paper, 198 pages, $1.00, postpaid. This catalogue includes the names of all species of Coleoptera that have been recorded from a definite locality in the Philippine Islands. References to original descriptions and other important notes are given. The economic appendix includes comment on those species of beetles which are known to be injurious or beneficial to man. 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I., or to any of the agents listed below: AGENTS The Macmillan Company, 64—66 Fifth Avenue, New York City, IT, S. A. Win. Wesley & Son, 28 Essex Street, Strand, London, W. C., England. Martinus Nijhoff, Lange Voorhout 9, The Hague, Holland. Mayer & Muller, Prinz Louis Ferdinandstrasse 2, Berlin, N. W., Germany. Kelly & Walsh, Limited, 32 Baffles Place, Singapore, Straits Settlements. A. M. & J. Ferguson, 1 9 Baillie Street, Colombo, Ceylon. Thacker, Spink & Co., P. O. Box 54, Calcutta, India. Entered at the post office at Manila, P. I., as second-class matter. Vol. XI, Sec. C, No. 2 March, 1916 THE PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE ALVIN J. COX, M. A., Ph. D. GENERAL EDITOR Section C. Botany E. D. MERRILL, M. S. EDITOR WITH THE COOPERATION OF W. H. BROWN, Ph. D. ; E. B. COPELAND, Ph. D. F. W. FOXWORTHY, Ph. D.; L. M. GUERRERO, Phar. D. C. F. BAKER, A. M. ; R. C. McGREGOR, A. B. MANILA BUREAU OF PRINTING 1916 PUBLICATIONS FOR SALE BY THE BUREAU OF SCIENCE, MANILA, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS ETHNOLOGY A V 0 C ABUT, Alt Y OF THE IGOROT LAN- GUAGE AS SPOKEN BY THE BONTOC IGOROTS By Walter Clayton Clapp Order No. 408. Paper. 89 pages, $0.75, postpaid. The vocabulary is given in Igorot-English and English-lgorot. THE NABALOI DIALECT By Otto Scheerer and THE BATAKS OF PALAWAN By Edward Y. Miller Order No. 403. Paper, $0.25; half mo- rocco, $0.75; postpaid. The Nabaloi Dialect (65 pages, 29 plates) and the Bataks of Palawan (7 pages, 6 plates) are bound under one cover. THE BATAN DIALECT AS A MEMBER OF THE PHILIPPINE GROUP OF LANGUAGES By Otto Scheerer and «F” AND “V” IN PHILIPPINE LANGUAGES By Carlos Everett Conant Order No. 407. These two papers are issued under one cover, 141 pages, paper, $0.80, postpaid. THE SUBANUNS OF SINDANGAN BAY By Emerson B. Christie Order No. 410. Paper, 121 pages, 1 map, 29 plates, $1.25, postpaid. Sindangan Bay is situated on the north- ern coast of Zamboanga Peninsula. The Su- banuns of this region were studied by Mr. Christie during two periods of five and six weeks, respectively. The 29 plates illustrate the Subanuns at work and at play; their industries, houses, altars, and implements; and the people themselves. THE HISTORY OF SULU By Najeeb M. Saleeby Order No. 406. Paper, 275 pages, 4 maps, 2 diagrams, $0.75, postpaid. In the preparation of his manuscript for The History of Sulu, Doctor Saleeby spent much time and effort in gaining access to documents in the possession of the Sultan of Sulu. This book is a history of the Moros in the Philippines from the earliest times to the American occupation. ETHN OLOGY — Continued STUDIES IN MORO HISTORY, LAW, AND RELIGION By Najeeb M. Saleeby Order No. 405. Paper, 107 pages, 16 plates, 5 diagrams, $0.25; half mo- rocco, $0.75; postpaid. This volume deals with the earliest written records of the Moros in Mindanao. The names of the rulers of Magindanao are recorded in five folding diagrams. NEGRITOS OF ZAMBALES By William Allan Reed Order No. 402. Paper, S3 pages, 62 plates, $0.25; half morocco, $0.75; postpaid. Plates from photographs, many of which were taken for this publication, show orna- ments, houses, men making fire with bamboo, bows and arrows, dances, and various types of the people themselves. INDUSTRIES PHILIPPINE HATS By C. B. Robinson Order No. 415. Paper, 66 pages, 8 plates, $0.50 postpaid. This paper is a concise record of the history and present condition of hat making in the Philippine Islands. THE SUGAR INDUSTRY IN THE ISLAND OF NEGROS By Herbert S. Walker Order No. 412. Paper, 145 pages, 10 plates, 1 map, $1.25, postpaid. Considered from the viewpoint of prac- tical utility, Mr. Walker’s Sugar Industry in the Island of Negros is one of the most important papers published by the Bureau of Science. This volume is a real contribu- tion to the subject; it is not a mere com- pilation, for the author was in the field and understands the conditions of which he writes. A MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE SILK CULTURE By Charles S. Banks Order No. 413. Paper, 53 pages, 20 plates, $0.75, postpaid. In A Manual of Philippine Silk Culture are presented the results of several years’ actual work with silk-producing larvae to- gether with a description of the new Philip- pine race. THE PHILIPPINE 1916 % Journal of Science NOTES ON THE FLORA OF BORNEO By E. D. Merrill1 ( From the Botanical Section of the Biological Laboratory, Bureau of Science, Manila, P. I.) The flora of the great Island of Borneo is very imperfectly known, and for this reason it has been quite impossible to work out in detail the phytogeographic relationships between the Philippines and Borneo. From the geographic proximity of the islands, definite phytogeographic relationships are to be expected, yet so far as publications go, and so far as collections already made have been studied, the cases of special distribution of species between the Philippines and Borneo are strikingly weak when compared with those between the Philippines and the islands to the south and southeast of the Archipelago. With the object of determining more in detail just what the relationships of the Philippine and Bornean floras are, an attempt has been made, in the past five or six years, to secure Bornean botanical material for purposes of study and comparison with that originating in the Philippines. Through the kindness of Mr. J. C. Moulton, director of the Sarawak Museum, Kuching, Sarawak, a native collector was secured, who worked intermit- tently for the Bureau of Science for several years under Mr. Moulton’s direction, the specimens thus collected being trans- mitted to the Bureau of Science from time to time. Additional collections were made in Sarawak by Dr. F. W. Foxworthy in 1908 for the Bureau of Science. Important collections were also received in exchange, notably a nearly complete set of Charles Hose’s Sarawak collections from the British Museum, C. Botany VOL. XI MARCH, 1916 No. 2 1 Associate professor of botany, University of the Philippines. 140974 49 50 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 some material from Dr. Hubert Winkler from Dutch Borneo, miscellaneous Bornean material from the Botanic Garden at Buitenzorg, Java, and from the collections of Mr. H. N. Ridley, formerly director of the Botanic Garden at Singapore. Recently there has been received a small but interesting lot of botanical material, chiefly representing the commercial timber trees of British North Borneo, collected by Mr. A. Villamil in the service of the Forestry Department of British North Borneo, and finally very extensive collections from Mount Kinabalu, British North Borneo, made by Chaplain and Mrs. Clemens and Mr. D. Le Roy Topping, October to December, 1915. This Kina- balu collection is probably by far the largest that has ever been taken from that mountain by any single expedition, but the material, only recently received, has not been available in the preparation of this paper. It has been known for some years that there is a remarkable phytogeographic relationship between the Philippines and the is- lands to the south and southeast. Without taking into consider- ation cases of special and limited specific distribution, it .is only necessary to enumerate some of the striking genera that are known only from the indicated regions. Some of these are Sararanga, Microlaena, Ascarina, Phrygilanthus, Spiraeopsis, Clianthus, Wallaceodendron, Reinwardtiodendron, Strophiobla- chia, Koordersiodendron, Oncocarpus, Pleiogynium, Cubilia, Tris- tira, Ganophyllum, Euphorianthus, Pimelea, Schuurmansia, Eucalyptus, Osbornia, Xanthostemon, Gyrinopsis, Anompanax, Lepiniopsis, and Dolicholobium. On the other hand, only four genera are known from Borneo and the Philippines and confined to them, and two of these hardly extend into the Philippines proper. These are Philbornea, Borneo-Palawan ; Eusideroxylon, Borneo-Sulu Archipelago; Clemensia; and Hallieracantha. The list of species known only from Borneo and the Philippines is equally poor when compared with the list known from the Philip- pines and Celebes, or the Philippines and the Moluccas as a group. In the year 1909 but about thirty species of the limited distribution Philippines-Borneo were known 2 and but a single genus, Hallieracantha. Some of the species have since been found in other regions, so that this list has now been somewhat reduced. Additions, however, increase the total, such as Dino- chloa ciliata Kurz, Albizzia scandens Merr., Dalbergia subaltrni- 2 Merrill, E. D. The Malayan, Australian, and Polynesian elements in the Philippine Flora. Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. Suppl 3 (1909) 287. xi, c, 2 Merrill: Notes on the Flora of Borneo 51 folia Merr., Erythrophloeum densiflorum Merr., and Omphalea malayana Merr., reported in this paper, Gardenia merrillii Elm., Artocarpus superha Becc., Clemensia, the recently collected Bor- nean plant perhaps representing a distinct species, and a few others. Of special interest is the recent discovery on Mount Kinabalu, by Mrs. Clemens, of the very peculiar Blechnum ( Lo - maria) fraseri Luerss., previously known only from the higher mountains of the Philippines and from New Zealand. As was to be expected, a study of the Bornean collections has materially increased our knowledge of cases of special distribu- tion between the Philippines and Borneo, yet a preliminary exam- ination of all the material so far received from Borneo does not indicate that the floristic relationships between Borneo and the Philippines are any where nearly as marked as between the Phil- ippines and the Moluccas. It seems to be very probable, more- over, that on the whole the flora of the Moluccas is about as little known as is that of Borneo. In the present paper one new genus, Moultonianthus, and forty-eight new species, in the families Cyperaceae, Euphor- biaceae, Flacourtiaceae, and Leguminosae, are described. A number of other species are definitely recorded from Borneo for the first time, while the genera Sphaerocaryum, Omphalea, Tri- gonopleura, Erythrophloeum, Pahudia, and Osmelia are new to the island. In the course of the study I have been able to reduce the Philippine genus described by me a few years ago as Alcinae- anthus to the Malayan genus Scortechinia of Hooker f. GRAMINEAE DINOCHLOA Biise DINOCHLOA CILIATA Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 422 (18 73 ) 253, in nota; Camus Bamb. (1913) 170, t. 95, /. D. Dinochloa scandens 0. Ktze. var. angustifolia Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 392; Gamble 1. c. 5 (1910) Bot. 279, 8 (1913) Bot. 206. Dinochloa tjankorreh Biise var. angustifolia Hack, ex Merr. 1. c. in syn. Sarawak, Native collector 1719, 2U27 (Bur. Sci.). Dinochloa ciliata Kurz was based on Cuming 637 from Laguna Province, Luzon, although the specimen is not cited by Kurz, or by Camus. Munro 3 referred it to Dinochloa tjankorreh Biise, as representing the typical form of that species. Kurz 4 merely mentions it in a note following his 3 Trans. Linn. Soc. 26 (1870) 153. 4 Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 422 (1873 ) 253. 52 The Philippine Journal of Science 19.1 6 description of Dinochloa andamanica thus: “Specimina ex insulis Philip- pine, valvula interiore ciliata gaudentia et a cl. Munro cum D. Tjang- korreh conjuncta mihi est species nova et etsi earn non vidi D. ciliatam nomino;” Camus adds a figure of it. The Bornean specimens, while not quite identical with Philippine material, differ less from the type specimens of D. ciliata Kurz and D. scandens var. angustifolia Merr., than does other Philippine material placed here. The last two are un- questionably identical. The only other species of the genus known from Borneo is typical Dinochloa scandens O. Kuntze, represented by Hose 65. PANICUM Linnaeus PANICUM BARBINODE Trin. in Mem. Acad. Petersb. VI 3 2 (1835) 256. Sandakan, Drs. F. & C. Baker, January, 1915. This species, apparently purposely introduced for forage purposes, has not previously been reported from Borneo. It is very frequently confused with Panicum molle Sw. Commonly known as Para grass. PANICUM PERAKENSE (Hook f.) comb. nov. Panicum humidorum Ham. var. perakense Hook f. FI. Brit. Ind. 7 (1897) 54; Ridl. Mat. FI. Malay. Penins. (Monocot.) 3 (1907) 137. In describing this form originally Hooker states “Probably a different species,” i. e., distinct from P. humidorum Ham. This I am convinced is the case, and accordingly I have rased the variety perakense to specific rank. I have specimens from Perak, Ridley 14386; from Johor, Ridley 11007; and the Bornean specimen cited below. Sarawak, Mount Sudan, Native collector 2048 (Bur. Sci.). The species is new to Borneo. PANICUM MALABARICUM (Linn.) Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1910) Bot. 248. Poa malabarica Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 69. Panicum arnottianum Nees in Steud. Syn. PI. Gram. (1854) 59. Borneo, Tambusan, Ridley 12328; Mount Sudan, Native collector 20 47 (Bur. Sci.), the latter with prominently ciliate sheaths. This species has been sunk in Panicum nodosum Kunth by some authors, but I consider it specifically distinct. For discussion see Merrill in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1910) Bot. 248. SPHAEROCARYUM Nees SPHAEROCARYUM PULCHELLUM (Roth) comb. nov. Isachne pulchella Roth Nov. Sp. (1821) 58. Panicum pulchellum Spreng. Syst. 1 (1825) 322. Panicum malaccense Trin. Gram. Pan. (1826) 204. Sphaerocaryum elegans Nees ex Steud. Nomencl. ed. 2, 2 (1841) 620. Borneo, Kuching, Ridley 11841. The species is new to Borneo. India and Ceylon to the Malay Peninsula, Singapore, and southern China. xi, c, 2 Merrill: Notes on the Flora of Borneo 53 CYPERACEAE FI M BRISTYLIS Vahl FI M BR ISTYLIS DURA (Zoll. & Mor.) comb. nov. Isolepsis dura Zoll & Mor. Syst. Verzeich. (1845-46) 97; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 3 (1857) 312. Fimbristylis asperrima Boeckl. in Linnaea 37 (1871-73) 40; Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 7 (1893) 643. Sarawak, Lundu, Foxworthy 325, May 31, 1908; near Kuching, Native collector 670 (Bur. Sci.), August, 1911. The species has been reported from Borneo by Ridley, by Winkler, and by Miss Gibbs, as Fivlbristylis asperrima Boeckl. Isolepsis dura is, how- ever, the older name. Ceylon to the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. MAPANIA Aublet MAP AN I A FOX WORTH Yl sp. nov. § Halostema. Foliis coriaceis, usque ad 120 cm longis et 2 cm latis, basi haud angustatis, apice longissime sensim attenuatis, margine aculeato- scabris ; capitulis longe pedunculatis, globosis, sub anthesin circiter 4 cm diametro, spicis circiter 25, distinctis, oblongo- ovoideis, 1.7 ad 2 cm longis, bracteis 1 ad 1.5 cm longis. A coarse perennial glabrous plant. Leaves numerous, linear, coriaceous, somewhat shining, up to 120 cm long, 1.5 to 2 cm wide, base scarcely narrowed, sheathing but not widened or in- flated, the upper portion gradually narrowed into a slender, aculeate-scabrid tail #> to 20 cm in length, the margins rather prominently aculeate-scabrid, the midrib aculeate-scabrid on the lower surface in the upper part of the leaf. Scapes about 40 cm long, obscurely 3-angled. Heads, in flower, globose, about 4 cm in diameter, composed of about 20 distinct spikes, the indi- vidual spikes brown when dry, oblong-ovoid, 1.7 to 2 cm long, each composed of very many spikelets. Bracts ovate, brown, coriaceous, 1 to 1.5 cm long, those subtending the spikes 2 or 3, boat-shaped, keeled, about 8 mm long. Bracteoles about 12 mm long, 3 mm wide, oblong, coriaceous, striate, glabrous, obtuse. Two outer glumes linear, boat-shaped, scabrid on the keel, 10 to 12 mm long, the others linear, thin, about as long as the outer two. Styles bifid, rarely trifid. Sarawak, Mount Poe (Rumput), Foxworthy 392, June 3, 1908, near the summit of the mountain. A species well characterized by its long narrow leaves which are very gradually narrowed upward to the long, slender, aculeate-scabrid tip but not narrowed toward the base; its long scapes; and its large globose solitary heads in which the individual spikes, about 25 in number, are distinct. It probably is as closely allied to Mapania palustris Benth. as to any other species, but is entirely distinct from that form. 54 The Philippine Journal of Science me MAPANIA PLATYPHVLLA sp. nov. § Pandanophyllum. Foliis petiolatis, petiolo 15 ad 20 cm longo, laminis usque ad 40 cm longis et 8 cm latis, apice longe abrupte caudatis; scapis 10 ad 12 cm longis, monocephalis, capitulis anguste oblongis, 1.5 ad 2 cm longis. Rhizome stout, the upper part covered with the much-broad- ened, somewhat inflated basal portions of the petioles. Leaf- blades oblong, chartaceous, up to 40 cm long and 8 cm wide, 3-nerved, gradually narrowed below into the rather stout petiole, which is 10 to 14 mm wide when spread, the basal portion rather abruptly enlarged, somewhat inflated, sheathing, when spread 4 to 5 cm in width, the apex rather abruptly narrowed into the slender, scabrid, 10 cm long, caudate appendage. Scapes 10 to 12 cm long, solitary or several in an axil, subtended by several overlapping bracts. Heads solitary, of a single oblong spike 1.5 to 2 cm in length. Bracts coriaceous, glabrous, about 8 mm long, the bracteoles similar but smaller. Outer two glumes somewhat ciliate on the keels. Sarawak, Native collector 993 (Bur. Sci.), 1912. Manifestly allied to the Bornean Mapania petiolata C. B. Clarke, but with leaf-blades twice as wide and half as long as in that species and shorter scapes. EUPHORBIACEAE ANTI DESM A Burmann*. Few species of this rather large genus have been credited to Borneo, yet it is evident from the material at hand that the genus is largely developed in the island. Species previously credited to Borneo are Anti- desma auritum Tul., A. ghesaembilla Gaertn., A. gibbsiae Hutchins., A montanum Bl., .4. moritzii Muell.-Arg., A. neurocarpum Miq., A. stipulare Bl., A. tomentosum Bl., and A. venenosum J. J. Sm., of which two are endemic. In our Bornean material three additional forms are represented by material insufficient for description, neither of which can I refer to any described species. Antidesma cuspidatum Muell.-Arg. is here credited to Borneo for the first time, while nine species are proposed as new, making the total number of species known from Borneo at least twenty-two. ANTIDESMA CUSPIDATUM Muell.-Arg. in Linnaea 34 (1865) 67; DC. Prodr. 1 52 (1866 ) 252. Sarawak, Native collector 266, 50U, 507, 508 (Bur. Sci.) ; Hewitt s. n. Localities given on the labels are Santubong, Tabuan, Matang, and Rock Road. The specimens are all with staminate flowers, but agree closely with the description of the above species and with a full series of specimens from Singapore, eight sheets, mostly collected by Ridley, and mostly erroneously named Antidesma moritzii Muell.-Arg. The Sarawak specimens have somewhat larger leaves than the Singapore ones, up to 20 cm long and 9 cm wide, but in all essentials seem to be identical with the xi, c, 2 Merrill: Notes on the Flora of Borneo 55 Singapore plant. The species is very readily distinguishable by its relatively long petioles, on the Bornean specimens the petioles varying from 1 to 2 cm. in length. The species is new to Borneo. ANTIDESMA VENENOSUM J. J. Sm. in Ic. Bogor. 4 (1910) 41, t. SIS. This endemic species is represented by Hose 317, from Long Tarkun, Baram, November, 1894; by Native collector 281b (Bur. Sci.) from Selungo, Upper Baram, November, 1914; and by Winkler 2513, from Hayoep, south-eastern Borneo. ANTIDESMA FOXWORTHVII sp. nov. Frutex 1 ad 2 m altus, partibus junioribus inflorescentiisque plus minusve rubiginoso-pubescentibus ; foliis coriaceis in sic- citate brunneis vel olivaceis, oblongis ad anguste oblongo-obo- vatis, usque ad 20 cm longis, basi acutis vel obtusis, apice promi- nente acuminatis, nervis utrinque circiter 7, adscendentibus, prominentibus ; racemis 2 axillaribus, solitariis, usque ad 12 cm longis ; floribus 5-meris, breviter pedicellatis ; fructibus 1 cm longis, valde inaequilateralibus, brunneis, leviter rugosis, cari- natis, plus minusve inflatis, stylis terminalibus. A shrub 1 to 2 m high, the young branchlets, leaves on the costa and nerves beneath, and the inflorescence more or less rubiginous-pubescent, the fully mature leaves becoming glabrous or nearly so. Branches slender, terete, pale-gray. Leaves oblong to narrowly oblong-obovate, coriaceous, brown or oliva- ceous when dry, somewhat shining, 12 to 20 cm long, 4 to 7 cm wide, narrowed below to the acute or obtuse base, the apex rather prominently acuminate, the acumen 1 to 1.5 cm long, blunt or somewhat apiculate; lateral nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib, prominent, ascending; petioles stout, pubes- cent, 2 to 3 mm long ; stipules oblong-ovate to lanceolate, brown, obtuse to acuminate, 10 to 12 mm long, sometimes in unequal pairs. Pistillate racemes axillary, solitary, 10 to 12 mm long, the rachis rubiginous-pubescent. Fruits about 1 cm long, their pedicels stout, 1 mm long, the subtending bracteoles narrowly ovate, acuminate, pubescent, as long as the pedicels. Persistent calyx 3 mm in diameter, slightly pubescent, the lobes 5, trian- gular, acute, extending less than one-third to the base of the calyx. Fruits dark-brown when dry, glabrous, strongly inequilateral, one side nearly straight, the other strongly curved, somewhat inflated, keeled, somewhat rugose when dry, base rounded, apex apiculate, about 1 cm long; stigma small, terminal. Sarawak, Mount Poe, Foxworthy 268 (typ e),.2b6, May 25 and 26, 1908, the former from thickets at the edge of clearings, the latter from an altitude of 1,000 meters. 56 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 This species strongly resembles and is manifestly closely allied to Antidesma cumingii Muell.-Arg. of the Philippines, but is readily distinguished by a number of characters, notably by its much fewer-nerved leaves. From the glabrous fruit it is assumed that the ovary is also glabrous, while in Antidesma cumingii the ovary is densely pubescent. ANTIDESMA GRANDISTIPULUM sp. nov. Frutex vel arbor parva, glabra, vel ramulis junioribus leviter puberulis ; foliis lanceolatis vel anguste oblongo-lanceolatis, usque ad 35 cm longis, longe acuminatis, basi acutis, nitidis, nervis utrinque 15 ad 17, prominentibus, anastomosantibus ; stipulis sessilibus, inaequilateralibus, usque ad 4 cm longis, acutis vel acuminatis, persistentibus, junioribus chartaceis, vetustioribus subcoriaceis, nitidis; inflorescentiis $ racemosis, axillaribus, solitariis, usque ad 35 cm longis, glabris, floribus 5-meris, pedicellatis ; fructibus 1.3 ad 1.5 cm longis, compressis, leviter inaequilateralibus, in siccitate brunneis, nitidis, reticulatis, stylis terminalibus. A glabrous shrub or small tree, or the young branchlets slightly puberulent. Branches and branchlets terete, pale, slender. Leaves lanceolate to narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 20 to 35 cm long, 4 to 6.5 cm wide, firmly chartaceous to subcoriaceous, brown and shining when dry, apex rather long and slenderly acuminate, base acute; lateral nerves 15 to 17 on each side of the midrib, prominent, anastomosing into a distinct, arched, submarginal nerve, the reticulations distinct ; petioles stout, 5 to 10 mm long ; stipules large, prominent, persistent, chartaceous to subcoraceous, brown, shining, in texture and color similar to the leaves, some- what inequilateral, narrowed toward the base and to the acute to acuminate apex, the larger ones up to 4 cm long and 2 cm wide, those on the younger branchlets smaller, sometimes only 1.5 cm long and about 1 cm wide. Pistillate racemes axillary, solitary, in fruit up to 35 cm in length, glabrous, the fruiting pedicels 2 to 3 mm long, the persistent calyx with five short teeth. Fruits oblong-ovate, somewhat inequilateral, brown, glabrous, and shin- ing when dry, reticulate, compressed, 1.3 to 1.5 cm long, the stigma terminal. Sarawak, Native collector 1148 (Bur. Sci.) (type), and a specimen, without number, from the Sarawak Museum, marked Kuching, November, 1905. A very characteristic species, readily distinguishable by its long, narrow, slenderly acuminate leaves; its large persistent stipules; its very long, simple, pistillate racemes; and its large fruits. It is apparently closely allied to Antidesma pachystachys Hook. f. of the Malay Peninsula. XI, C, 2 Merrill: Notes on the Flora of Borneo 57 ANTIDESMA SARAWAKENSE sp. nov. Species praecedente affinis, differt nervis lateralibus magis numerosis, 20 ad 22 utrinque, stipulis late ovatis vel subrhomboi- deis, obtusis, basi truncatis ad subcordatis, 1.5 ad 3 cm longis, racemis 9 brevioribus, circiter 20 cm longis, pedicellis paullo longioribus. A glabrous shrub or small tree, the branches slender, terete. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 20 to 28 cm long, 4 to 7 cm wide, brown and shining when dry, paler beneath, apex rather promi- nently acuminate, apiculate, base acute; lateral nerves 20 to 22 on each side of the midrib, prominent, anastomosing and form- ing an arched intramarginal vein, the reticulations distinct; petioles about 1 cm long; stipules coriaceous, brown, shining, persistent, broadly ovate to subrhomboid, obtuse to rounded, base truncate to subcordate, 1.5 to 3 cm long, 1.2 to 2.5 cm wide. Fruiting racemes axillary, solitary, about 20 cm long. Fruits similar to those of Antidesma grandistipulum, their pedicels 5 to 7 mm long. Sarawak, Rock Road, Native collector 503 (Bur. Sci. ) , July 27. Manifestly very closely allied to the preceding, but with more numerously nerved leaves, quite differently shaped stipules, shorter pistillate racemes, and longer pedicels. A full series of specimens may present intergrading forms, and thus ultimately lead to the reduction of the present species. Judging- from the material available, however, it is sufficiently distinct. ANTIDESMA HALLIERI sp. nov. Frutex vel arbor subtus foliis ad costa nervisque ramulis junio- ribus stipulisque plus minusve rubiginoso-pubescentibus ; foliis chartaceis, oblongis ad oblongo-lanceolatis, usque ad 18 cm longis, prominente caudato-acuminatis, basi acutis, nervis utrinque cir- citer 9; stipulis lanceolatis ad ovato-lanceolatis, tenuiter acumi- natis, 1 ad 2 cm longis; racemis 9 axillaribus, solitariis, usque ad 12 cm longis, floribus 5-meris, paucis, pedicellis sub fructu circiter 1 cm longis; fructibus subobovoideis, haud compress, rotundatis, stigmate sublateralibus. A shrub or tree, the young branchlets, petioles, stipules, and lower surface of the leaves on the midrib and lateral nerves more or less rubiginous-pubescent, some parts densely so. Branches slender, terete, glabrous, pale-grayish when dry. Leaves chartaceous, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 12 to 18 cm long, 3.5 to 4.5 cm wide, base acute, apex slenderly caudate-acuminate, the acumen usually about 2 cm long, the upper surface olivaceous, glabrous, the lower brown and prominently rubiginous-pubescent along the midrib and lateral nerves; nerves about 9 on each 58 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 side of the midrib, prominent, anastomosing ; petioles 2 to 4 mm long ; stipules lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, slenderly acuminate, slightly inaequilateral, 1 to 2 cm long, 3 to 7 mm wide, more or less rubiginous-pubescent. Racemes axillary, solitary, the pis- tillate ones up to 12 cm long, somewhat pubescent, the flowers rather few, scattered, the pedicels in fruit about 1 cm long, spreading. Calyx pubescent, 5-parted, the lobes extending about one-half to the base. Fruit glabrous, not compressed, subobo- void, about 5 mm long, the stigma sublateral. Borneo, without definite locality, Hailier 1773. A species well characterized by its rubiginous indumentum, but more especially by its scattered, long-pedicelled, obovoid, smooth fruits which are scarcely compressed, but sometimes roughly triangular in cross- section, and their sublateral stigmas. It is not closely allied to any species known to me. ANTIDESMA PACHYPH YLLUM sp. nov. Arbor, ramulis junioribus inflorescentiis ferrugineo-pubescen- tibus exceptis glabra; foliis crasse coriaceis, oblongis, usque ad 17 cm longis, prominente acuminatis, basi subacutis ad rotun- datis, nitidis, in siccitate supra olivaceis, subtus brunneis, nervis utrinque circiter 8, distinctis ; stipulis lanceolatis, circiter 4 mm longis, caducis; inflorescentiis 2 brevibus, parce ramosis, ramis circiter 1 cm longis ; floribus confertis, sessilibus, 4-meris, calycis ultra medium divisis ; fructibus breviter pedicellatis, leviter com- pressis, circiter 6 mm longis, stylis terminalibus. A tree, glabrous except the very young branchlets, stipules, and inflorescences, which are ferruginous-pubescent. Branches terete, pale-grayish. Leaves oblong, rather thickly coriaceous, dark-olivaceous on the upper surface, brown on the lower, and prominently shining on both when dry, 8 to 17 cm long, 4 to 6.5 cm wide, apex prominently and usually acutely acuminate or the acumen apiculate, base subacute to rounded; lateral nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib, slender, distinct, anastomos- ing; petioles about 1 cm long; stipules lanceolate, acuminate, pubescent, about 4 mm long, caducous. Pistillate inflorescences axillary, solitary, in anthesis about 1 cm long, densely ferrugi- nous-pubescent, the branches, from or near the base, usually 2 or 3, sometimes one or none, cylindric. Flowers sessile, densely ar- ranged. Bracteoles pubescent, broadly ovate, rounded, less than 1 mm long. Calyx-segments 4, oblong-ovate, pubescent, 0.8 mm long, extending about two-thirds to the base of the calyx. Ovary ovoid, glabrous, about 1.5 mm long; stigma terminal. Fruit ovoid, slightly inequilateral, about 6 mm long, somewhat com- xi, c, 2 Merrill: Notes on the Flora of Borneo 59 pressed, red, wrinkled when dry, on somewhat thickened, gla- brous, 1 mm long pedicels, the branches of the inflorescence in fruit 1 to 3 cm in length. Sarawak, Baram District, Miri River, Hose 69 (type) with pistillate flowers, January, 1895; Baram, Hose 139, January, 1895, in fruit; Lundu, Foxworthy 32, May 10, 1908, in fruit; without definite locality, Native collector 1431, 1589 (Bur. Sci.), the latter with staminate flowers. The last number cited, with staminate flowers, is referred here tentatively, and probably represents the same species. The inflorescences resemble those of the pistillate plants, but the branches are more slender and up to 3 cm in length. The flowers are sessile, 4-merous, and the calyx-segments extend more than half way to the base. The species is well characterized by its thickly coriaceous, strongly shining, prominently acuminate leaves; the few, short, cylindric, densely flowered branches of the pistillate inflorescence; and its sessile flowers; the fruits, however, on short, thickened, glabrous pedicels. ANTIDESMA PHANEROPHLEBIUM sp. nov. Arbor, ramulis inflorescentiisque griseo-pubescentibus exceptis glabra vel subglabra; foliis oblongis, subcoriaceis, usque ad 23 cm longis, brunneis vel olivaceis, nitidis, abrupte subcaudato- acuminatis, basi acutis ad subrotundatis, nervis utrinque circiter 12, supra impressis, subtus valde prominentibus ; inflorescentiis 5 terminalibus vel subterminalibus, usque ad 15 cm longis, ramis 2 vel 3, valde elongatis ; floribus breviter pedicellatis, calycis trun- catis, 1.5 mm diametro, margin minute denticulatis, extus pubes- centibus; fructibus ovoideo-ellipsoideis, glabris, 6 mm longis, utrinque angustatis, acutis, aequilateralibus, in siccitate rugosis, leviter carinatis, haud compressis. A tree, the branchlets and inflorescence grayish or cine- reous-pubescent with short hairs, the older branches terete, glab- rous. Leaves oblong, subcoriaceous, 12 to 23 cm long, 5 to 10 cm wide, when very young somewhat pubescent on the midrib and lateral nerves on both surfaces, at full maturity quite glabrous or with a few hairs persisting along the midrib beneath, when dry somewhat shining, olivaceous or somewhat brownish, the apex abruptly subcaudate-acuminate, the acumen 1 to 1.5 cm long, acute or somewhat apiculate, the base acute to somewhat rounded; lateral nerves about 12 on each side of the midrib, im- pressed on the upper surface, very prominent on the lower sur- face, looped-anastomosing near the margins, the reticulations distinct; petioles 3 to 5 mm long, somewhat pubescent; stipules lanceolate, acute or acuminate, puberulent, about 5 mm long. Pistillate inflorescences terminal or subterminal, pubescent, up to 15 cm in length, each composed of two or three elongated branches, the flowers rather numerous, racemosely disposed. 60 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 Pedicels pubescent, stout, about 1 mm long, the bracteoles oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, pubescent, about 1.2 mm long. Calyx cup-shaped, pubescent, 1.5 mm in diameter, truncate, or with three or four very broad, very obscure lobes, or these not at all evident, the margins minutely denticulate. Ovary ovoid, glabrous, including the rather prominent, terminal stigmas about 2 mm long. Fruit ovoid-ellipsoid, 6 mm long, narrowed at both ends, acute, equilateral, glabrous, wrinkled, not compressed but obscurely keeled. Sarawak, without definite locality, Native collector 138U (Bur. Sci.) (type) ; Lundu, Foxworthy 37, May 10, 1908, known to the Dyaks as camaiit. This species somewhat resembles specimens of Antidesma moritzii Muell.- Arg., but is not closely allied to it. It is well characterized by its truncate, minutely denticulate calyces, which are not at all or but very obscurely and shallowly 3- or 4-lobed; the few elongated branches of its terminal inflorescence; and its very prominently nerved leaves. ANTIDESMA RIVULARE sp. nov. Arbor 7 ad 8 m alta ramulis subtus foliis ad costa nervisque petiolis stipulis inflorescentiisque plus minusve villosis; foliis coriaceis vel subcoriaceis, in siccitate brunneis, nitidis, usque ad 20 cm longis, oblongis ad late oblongo-oblanceolatis, prom- inente acuminatis apiculatisque, basi leviter inaequilateralibus, plus minusve angustatis, rotundatis ad subacutis, nervis utrin- que circiter 12, adscendentibus, supra impressis subtus valde prominentibus, stipulis lanceolatis, acuminatis, circiter 1 cm longis; racemis 2 axillaribus, solitariis, usque ad 18 cm longis; floribus pedicellatis, 4-meris; fructibus anguste ovoideis, reticu- latis, compressis, basi leviter inflatis, brunneis, nitidis, parce pubescentibus, circiter 8 mm longis, stylis terminalibus. A tree 7 to 8 m high. Branches grayish, terete, glabrous, the branchlets rather densely villous with brownish-gray hairs. Leaves oblong to broadly oblong-oblanceolate, 11 to 20 cm long, 3 to 7 cm wide, brown and shining on both surfaces when dry, prominently and rather slenderly acuminate, the acumen api- culate, base somewhat narrowed, somewhat inequilateral, round- ed or sometimes subacute, the upper surface glabrous, the lower pubescent on the midrib and lateral nerves; nerves about 12 on each side of the midrib, impressed on the upper surface, very prominent on the lower surface, ascending, anastomosing; peti- oles densely pubescent, 2 to 4 mm long ; stipules narrowly lanceo- late, acuminate, pubescent, about 1 cm long. Pistillate racemes solitary, axillary, in fruit up to 18 cm long; the rachis, pedicels, calyx, and bracteoles pubescent. Fruits rather scattered, reddish xi, c. 2 Merrill: Notes on the Flora of Borneo 61 when fresh, brown and shining when dry, reticulate, with few, short, scattered hairs, somewhat inequilateral, compressed, base somewhat inflated, rounded, about 8 mm long and 5.5 mm wide ; stigmas terminal. Sarawak, Sungei Tingei, Foxworthy 571, June 25, 1908, at the edge of a tidal stream (type) ; Retuh, Sadong, Native collector 2535 (Bur. Sci.), February-June, 1914, from debris attached apparently from the banks of streams subject to inundation in times of flood. This species belongs in the group with Antidesma tomentosum Blume, and is well characterized by its narrow, somewhat inequilateral leaves, the nerves impressed on the upper surface, very prominent on the lower surface, rather strongly ascending, and its pubescent branchlets, petioles, inflorescences, stipules, midrib, and nerves on the lower surface of the leaves. The fruits are very sparingly pubescent and much smaller than in Blume’s species. ANTIDESMA RUBIGINOSUM sp. nov. Frutex vel arbor parva, partibus junioribus stipulis subtus folils ramulis inflorescentiisque dense rubiginoso-pubescentibus ; foliis oblongis ad oblongo-lanceolatis, usque ad 15 cm longis, tenuiter acuminatis, basi acutis, nervis utrinque 6 vel 7, pro- minentibus, curvato-adscendentibus ; stipulis lanceolatis, tenuiter acuminatis, circiter 1 cm longis ; inflorescentiis ? racemosis, rari- ter depauperato-paniculatis, racemis pedunculatis, 2 ad 3 cm longis; floribus 4-meris, confertis, breviter pedicellatis, disco glabro, cupuliforme, truncato, prominente; ovario glabro, stylis terminalibus. A shrub or small tree, prominently rubiginous-pubescent with rather soft, short hairs. Branches slender, terete, pale-gray, glabrous, the young branchlets densely rubiginous-pubescent as are the petioles, inflorescences, and the midrib and nerves on the lower surface of the leaves. Leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate, firmly chartaceous to subcoriaceous, 9 to 15 cm long, 2.5 to 4 cm wide, narrowed below to the acute base and above to the slenderly acuminate apex, the acumen tipped by a long and slender apiculus, the upper surface dark-colored when dry, glab- rous, the lower dark-brown, prominently rubiginous-pubescent on the midrib and nerves and with fewer hairs scattered over the surface; lateral nerves 6 or 7 on each side of the midrib, curved-ascending, prominent, anastomosing; petioles about 2 mm long; stipules narrowly lanceolate, slenderly acuminate, ru- biginous-pubescent, often somewhat inequilateral or slightly falcate, about 1 cm long and 2 to 3 mm wide. Pistillate racemes spikelike, axillary, solitary, the upper ones sometimes with a single branch, densely rubiginous-pubescent, peduncled, 2 to 3 cm long, the upper part densely flowered. Pedicels stout, pubes- 62 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 cent, 1 to 1.5 mm long, about twice as long as the subtending bracteoles. Calyx pubescent, the lobes four, 0.5 mm long, ex- tending about one-half to the base. Disk very prominent, cup- shaped, truncate, glabrous. Ovary ovoid, glabrous, the stigmas terminal. Sarawak, Baram District, Baram, Hose 297, October 10, 1894. A species well characterized by its prominent, rubiginous indumentum; its short-petioled, slenderly acuminate leaves; its simple, axillary, spikelike, peduncled racemes; and the prominent, cup-shaped, truncate, glabrous disk of its pistillate flowers. . ANTIDESMA STENOPH YLLU M sp. nov. Frutex vel arbor, glabra; foliis lanceolatis ad anguste lan- ceolatis, usque ad 17 cm longis et 3.5 cm latis, utrinque sub- aequaliter angustatis, basi acutis, apice longe acuminatis, coria- ceis, nitidis, nervis utrinque circiter 10; stipulis anguste lan- ceolatis, acuminatis, circiter 7 mm longis; spicis $ axillaribus, solitariis, tenuibus, usque ad 5 cm longis ; floribus 4- vel 5-meris, calycis laciniis brevibus, rotundatis. An entirely glabrous shrub or small tree, the branches terete, grayish or brownish. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, coriaceous, olivaceous, shining, 11 to 17 cm long, 2 to 3.5 cm wide, subequally narrowed to the acute base and to the long and slenderly acu- minate apex ; lateral nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, slender, curved-ascending; petioles stout, up to 5 mm in length; stipules lanceolate, coriaceous, acuminate, about 7 mm long. Male spikes slender, solitary, axillary, up to 5 cm in length. Flowers 4- and 5-merous, sessile, the bracteoles small, rounded. Calyx about 1.5 mm in diameter, shallowly 4- or 5-lobed, the lobes rounded, much shorter than the tube. Pistillate flowers and fruits unknown. Sarawak, Mount Sudan, Native collector 2081 (Bur. Sci.) February- June, 1914. A very characteristic species, distinguishable at once by its very long and narrow, slenderly acuminate, narrowly lanceolate, coriaceous leaves. ANTIDESMA TOMENTOSUM Blume Bijdr. (1826) 1126; J. J. Sm. in Koord. & Valet. Bijdr. Boomsoort. Java 12 (1910) 264. Sarawak, Baram District, Entoyut River, Hose 382, December, 1894. The specimen is with pistillate flowers, and agrees perfectly with Smith’s extended description. The species has already been reported from Borneo by Smith, as well as from Java, the Batoe Islands, and Celebes; and, by the reduction of Antidesma Jcingii Hook f., to Perak. APOROSA Blume APOROSA EUPHLEBI A sp. nov. Frutex vel arbor, inflorescentiis exceptis glaber; foliis anguste oblongis, usque ad 25 cm longis, utrinque nitidis, concoloribus, xi, c, 2 Merrill: Notes on the Flora of Borneo 63 integris, margine revolutis, subcoriaceis, breviter obtuse acumi- natis retusisque, basi obtusis vel subacutis, nervis utrinque cir- citer 12, supra leviter impressis, subtus cum reticulis valde prominentibus ; stipulis inaequimagnis, coriaceis, orbiculari- reniformibus, rotundatis, 1 ad 2 cm diametro; spicis $ e axillis defoliatis, ferrugineo-pubescentibus, usque ad 2.5 cm longis, sepalis 4, 0.5 mm longis, staminibus 2, rariter 3. A shrub or tree, quite glabrous except the ferruginous- pubescent inflorescence. Branches terete, grayish, smooth. Leaves narrowly oblong, subcoriaceous, pale brownish olivaceous, of the same color on both surfaces and rather strongly shining when dry, apex abruptly and shortly broad-acuminate, the acu- men retuse, base obtuse to subacute, margins entire, revolute; lateral nerves about 12 on each side of the midrib, somewhat impressed on the upper surface, very prominent on the lower surface, as are the lax primary reticulations, curved, arched- anastomosing; petioles thickened at the apex, 1.5 to 2 cm long; stipules orbicular or orbicular-reniform, equilateral, rounded, coarsely reticulate, in texture, color, etc., similar to the leaves, rounded, margins revolute, base cordate, clasping the branchlets, 1 to 2 cm in diameter, those of each pair unequal in size, one about one-half as large as the other. Male spikes in the axils of fallen leaves, fascicled, few in each fascicle, up to 2.5 cm in length. Flowers about 1 mm in diameter, the sepals 4, about 0.5 mm long, elliptic-obovate or elliptic, rounded, very sligthly pu- bescent; stamens 2, rarely 3. Sarawak, Upper Baram, Selungo, Native collector 2823 (Bur. Sci.), November 26, 1914 (original number 75). A species manifestly belonging in the same group as Aporosa lunata Kurz, but with entirely glabrous leaves and branchlets, and entirely different stipules, which are orbicular to orbicular-reniform, rounded, cor- date, equilateral, not at all falcate, pointed, or semicordate as in Kurz’s species. APOROSA HOSEI sp. nov. Frutex vel arbor partibus junioribus inflorescentiisque exceptis glabra ; foliis oblongis, integris, coriaceis, acuminatis, basi rotun- datis ad obtusis interdum obscure subcordatis, usque ad 20 cm longis, glabris, nervis utrinque 8 ad 10, curvato-adscendentibus, subtus prominentibus; stipulis lunatis, falcatis, acuminatis, cir- citer 1 cm longis; inflorescentiis $ fulvo-tomentosis, 2 ad 3 cm longis, floribus 5-meris, pedicellatis, ovario subglabro; floribus S sessilibus, sepalis 3, obtusis, staminibus 2, longe exsertis. A shrub or tree, glabrous except the very young tips of the branchlets and the inflorescences, which are fulvous-pubescent 64 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 or tomentose. Branches and branchlets terete, brownish to gray- ish. Leaves oblong, coriaceous, rather pale or pale-brownish- olivaceous when dry, entire, somewhat shining, quite glabrous on both surfaces or the very young ones slightly fulvous- pubescent on the midrib and nerves beneath, 10 to 20 cm long, 3 to 6.5 cm wide, the apex rather prominently acuminate, base obtuse to rounded, sometimes very obscurely cordate; lateral nerves 8 to 10 on each side of the midrib, not impressed on the upper surface, very prominent on the lower surface, curved- ascending, anastomosing, the primary reticulations fine, distinct, subparallel ; petioles stout, about 5 mm long, when young fulvous- pubescent, soon becoming quite glabrous; stipules foliaceous, coriaceous, similar in texture and appearance to the leaves, lunate, strongly falcate, acuminate, about 1 cm long and 4 mm wide, when young very slightly pubescent, becoming glabrous. Male spikes short, cylindric, dense, 1 to 2 cm long, axillary and in the axils of fallen leaves, one or two to several in each axil, somewhat pubescent. Sepals 3, obovate to narrowly obovate, rounded, obtuse, slightly pubescent, about 1 mm long. Stamens 2, their filaments long-exserted, about 2.5 mm long. Female in- florescences racemose, 1 to 3 cm long, densely fulvous-tomentose, solitary or several from each axil, peduncled, or at least without flowers in the lower part, the pedicels stout, fulvous-pubescent, about 1 mm long. Calyx fulvous-tomentose, the sepals 5, oblong- ovate, acuminate, about 1 mm long. Ovary and styles black when dry, glabrous, or the ovary with very few, scattered, fulvous hairs, about 2 mm long, ellipsoid ; styles 3, stout, spreading, nearly 3 mm long, cleft to about the middle into two stout arms. Sarawak, Baram District, Baram, Hose UO, 92 (type), 278, March, 1895, and October, 1894; near Kuching, 5th mile, Rock Road, Native collector 558 (Bur. Sci.), July 27, 1911. A species manifestly closely allied to Aporosa lunata Kurz, from which it differs, however, in many characters, notably in its glabrous branches and leaves, and much fewer nerves which are not impressed on the upper surface. From Aporosa benthamiana Hook, f., to which it is apparently even more closely allied, it differs notably in its much smaller, fewer- nerved leaves. APOROSA SUBCAUDATA sp. nov. Frutex vel arbor subtus foliis ramulis inflorescentiisque dense ferrugineo-pubescentibus ; foliis subcoriaceis, oblongis, integris, usque ad 20 cm longis, apice prominente subcaudato-acuminatis, basi acutis, nervis utrinque 9 ad 11, subtus valde prominentibus ; spicis 2 numerosis, 1 ad 2 cm longis, fasciculatis, axillaribus et e axillis defoliatis; sepalis 4, leviter pubescentibus ; filamentis 2. xi, c, 2 Merrill: Notes on the Flora of Borneo 65 A shrub or tree, the young branches, the inflorescences, and the lower surface of the leaves rather densely ferruginous- pubescent. Older branches glabrous, reddish-brown, terete. Leaves subcoriaceous, oblong, 16 to 20 cm long, 5 to 6 cm wide, entire, base narrowed, acute, apex rather abruptly subcaudate- acuminate, the acumen slender, at least 1.5 cm long, the upper surface pale-greenish when dry, entirely glabrous, somewhat shining, the nerves very slightly impressed, the lower surface uni- formly ferruginous- or brownish-pubescent, the indumentum dense on the midrib and lateral nerves, the hairs scattered on the reticulations; lateral nerves 9 to 11 on each side of the midrib, very prominent, curved-ascending, anastomosing, the primary reticulations prominent, subparallel; petioles 8 to 10 mm long, pubescent, ultimately glabrous ; stipules deciduous, not seen. Pistillate spikes very numerous, 1 to 2 cm long, ferruginous-pubescent, densely many-flowered, 5 to 10 or more in each fascicle, the fascicles axillary and in the axils of fallen leaves. Sepals 4, somewhat pubescent, oblong, acute to obtuse, about 0.7 mm long. Stamens 2. Pistillate flowers unknown. Sarawak, Baram District, Baram, Hose 20b, April, 1895. A species well characterized by its indumentum, its numerous, crowded, fascicled staminate spikes, and its prominently subcaudate-acuminate leaves which are acute at the base, entirely glabrous on the upper surface and prominently pubescent beneath. APOROSA NIGRICANS Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 5 (1887) 347. Sarawak, Matang Road, Native collector 1155 (Bur. Sci.), May 15, 1911. The species is new to Borneo. The specimen is with pistillate flowers, agrees well with Hooker’s description, and matches Singapore specimens, coll. Ridley, fairly closely. The leaves are less acuminate than in the Singapore specimens, and are distinctly pubescent on the lower surface with scatered hairs, especially on the midrib and lateral nerves. BREYNIA Forster BREYNIA RACEMOSA (Blume) Muell.-Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15 1 (1866) 441; J. J. Sm. in Koord. & Valet. Bijdr. Boomsoort. Java 12 (1910) 177. Melanthesia racemosa Blume Bijdr. (1825) 177. Phyllanthus reclinatus Roxb. FI. Ind. 3 (1832) 669. Breynia reclinata Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 5 (1887) 331. Sarawak, near Kuching, Native collector 559 (Bur. Sci.) ; Dutch Borneo, Hallier 13b5. The species has not previously been reported from Borneo. The Bornean and Malay Peninsula plant is unquestionably the same as the Javan species originally described by Blume and of which J. J. Smith has recently given a very complete and detailed description. In addition to the Bornean specimens, I have before me three specimens from Java, Singapore, Ridley s. n., distributed as Breynia coronata, and Pahang, 140974 — 2 66 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 Burn Murdoch 206, Ridley 5043. As Hooker f. has pointed out Mueller referred to Breynia racemosa representatives of at least three species, but the form described by Hooker under the name Breynia reclinata is unquestionably the same as Blume’s original Melantliesia racemosa. The latter specific name, being the older, is here retained. COELODEPAS Hasskarl COELODEPAS HOSEI sp. nov. Frutex vel arbor inflorescentiis exceptis glaber ; foliis oblongis, firme chartaceis vel subcoriaceis, usque ad 20 cm longis, acumi- natis, basi acutis, obscure stipellari-biglandulosis, margine dis- tanter denticulatis, nervis utrinque 7, prominentibus ; inflores- centiis 9 axillaribus, solitariis, racemosis, 2 ad 4 cm longis, leviter adpresse-pubescentibus, ovario pubescente, stylis brevi- bus, fimbriato-ramosissimis. A shrub or tree, quite glabrous except the inflorescence. Branchlets pale-olivaceous, terete or somewhat compressed, len- ticellate. Leaves oblong, firmly chartaceous to subcoriaceous, pale-olivaceous when dry, 12 to 20 cm long, 4 to 7 cm wide, apex rather abruptly and prominently acuminate, base acute, with a small stipellate gland on each side at the juncture with the petiole, margins in the upper one-half distantly denticulate, below entire; lateral nerves 7 on each side of the midrib, prom- inent, curved-ascending, anastomosing, the reticulations distinct, lax ; petioles 1 to 3 cm long. Pistillate racemes axillary, solitary, 1 to 4 cm long, appressed-pubescent with short, pale hairs. Pedi- cels about 1 mm long, pubescent. Calyx-segments triangular, acute, about 0.5 mm long, pubescent. Ovary ovoid, pubescent, pale, 3-celled, cells 1-ovuled; styles about 2 mm long, spreading, divided into numerous slender fimbriae. Sarawak, Baram District, Entoyut River, Hose 465, November 13, 1894. Apparently closely allied to Coelodepas wallichiana Benth., from which it is readily distinguished by its much smaller, longer-petioled leaves, which are acute at the base, denticulate above, and its racemose not spicate inflorescences. CROTON Linnaeus CROTON ENSI FOLI US sp. nov. § Eucroton. Frutex vel arbor parva, foliis junioribus inflorescentiisque exceptis glaber; foliis numerosis, linearis, usque ad 7 cm longis et 7 mm latis, coriaceis, junioribus parcissime stellato-lepidotis, margine distanter crenulatis ; racemis 3 ad 6 cm longis, floribus inferioribus 9 , superioribus $ ; floribus 9 sepalis 5, circiter 2 mm longis, ovario stellato-pubescentibus ; 8 petalis lineari- oblongis, margine dense albido-ciliatis ; filamentis 10. xi, c, 2 Merrill: Notes on the Flora of Borneo 67 A shrub or small tree, nearly glabrous, the branches slender, terete, brownish, the younger ones somewhat striate. Leaves furfuraceous-lepidote, numerous, crowded, linear, 4 to 7 cm long, 4 to 7 mm wide, coriaceous, subequally narrowed to the cuneate base and rather blunt apex, the margins distantly cren- ulate, pale-greenish, rather dull when dry, entirely glabrous, the very young ones with few, scattered, pale, stellate scales, the basal glands rather prominent; lateral nerves about 6 on each side of the midrib, very obscure; petioles up to 3 mm in length. Racemes 3 to 6 cm long, sparingly stellate-furfuraceous or stellate-lepidote. Female flowers: Pedicels 1 to 1.5 mm long; sepals 5, oblong-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 2 to 2.5 mm long; petals none; ovary ovoid, pale stellate-pubescent, about 1.5 mm long, 3-celled; style arms spreading, 1.5 mm long. Male flowers above on the same inflorescence, more numerous than the female, about 4 mm in diameter, their pedicels 1.5 mm long. Sepals oblong-ovate, acute. Petals linear-oblong, flat, 1.6 mm long, margins prominently white-ciliate or lanate. Stamens 10; filaments about 2 mm long. Sarawak, Baram District, Lio-matu, Native collector 2770 (Bur. Sci.) (original number 21), October 30, 1914. A very strongly marked species, readily recognized by its very narrow, linear, distantly crenulate, coriaceous leaves, which at maturity are entirely glabrous, but when young with few, scattered, stellate-lepidote scales. I know of no species to which it is closely allied. It probably belongs in the group with Croton heterocarpus Muell.-Arg. GLOCH I DION Forster GLOCH I DION PEDUNCULATUM sp. nov. § Euglochidion. Arbor (vel frutex) floribus $ exceptis glabra; foliis ovatis ad oblongo-ovatis, firme chartaceis, nitidis, usque ad 8 cm longis, acuminatis, breviter acute apiculatis, aequilateralibus, nervis utrinque 6 vel 7, tenuibus ; floribus 6-meris, perianthii segmentis interioribus quam exterioribus paullo minoribus, glabris, $ pe- dicellatis, antheris 5, coalitis; 2 in capitulis breviter peduncu- latis dispositis, pedicellatis, ovario dense vestito, 5-loculare, columnis stylaribus cylindraceis, dense pubescentibus, quam ovario multo longioribus. A glabrous shrub or small tree, the branches and branchlets reddish-brown, slender, the latter slightly compressed or angled. Leaves distichous, ovate to oblong-ovate, 5 to 8 cm long, 2.5 to 3.8 cm wide, somewhat brownish-olivaceous when dry, smooth, shining, the lower surface paler than the upper, equilateral, the base acute to rounded, apex somewhat acuminate and minutely 68 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 and sharply apiculate; lateral nerves 6 or 7 on each side of the midrib, slender, distinct, curved-anastomosing; petioles about 4 mm long. Flowers axillary, all 6-merous, the upper ones mostly pistillate, the lower mostly staminate, sometimes both found in the same axil. Male flowers pedicellate, about 4.5 mm in dia- meter, the pedicels slender, 4 to 5 mm long. Outer three perianth segments ovate, recurved, about 3 mm long, the inner three similar, but considerably narrower, rather coriaceous. Anthers 5, united into a globose mass about 1 mm in diameter. Pistillate flowers numerous, crowded in definite peduncled heads, the pe- duncles 3 to 4 mm long, flowers 3 or 4 to 10 in a head, their pedi- cels 1 to 2 mm long, each head subtended by numerous, oblong, acuminate, 1 mm long bracts. Perianth segments 6, oblong- ovate, about 2.5 mm long, the inner three somewhat narrower than the outer ones. Ovary very densely pubescent, 5-celled, the column densely pubescent, stout, cylindric, not constricted at the base, slightly narrower than the ovary, densely pubescent, the stigmatic portions usually 5, glabrous, the column about four times as long as the ovary. Sarawak, Native collector 150 (Bur. Sci.). A very characteristic species, easily recognized by its peduncled heads of pistillate flowers, its 6-merous flowers, densely pubescent ovary and style, the latter cylindric, stout, about four times as long as the ovary. In aspect it somewhat resembles the Philippine Glochidion trichogynum Muell.-Arg., but is not closely allied to that species, and belongs in an entirely different section of the genus. GLOCHIDION BREYNIOIDES C. B. Rob. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1909) Bot. 95. South-East Borneo, Hayoep, Winkler 2565, June 22, 1908. Luzon, Mindoro, Palawan, Negros, and Leyte; new to Borneo. GLOCHIDION LEIOSTYLUM Kurz Forest FI. Brit. Burma 2 (1877) 345; Hook f. FL, Brit. Ind. 5 (1887) 324. Sarawak, Baram District, Hose S56, 1894. This species has been previously reported from Pegu to Tenasserim, the Malay Peninsula, and Singapore. The Bornean specimen cited above presents only male flowers, and agrees closely with Singapore specimens collected by Ridley. GLOCHIDION KOLLMANNIANUM (Muell.-Arg.) J. J. Sm. in Koord. & Valet. Bijdr. Boomsoort. Java. 12 (1910) 166. Phyllanthus kollmannianus Muell.-Arg. in Flora 23 (1865) 378. Sarawak, Native collector 179 (Bur. Sci.). The specimen is identical in all respects with the Celebes plant collected at Baleh Anjen by Teysmann, mentioned by J. J. S. Smith, 1. c. 168, as probably representing an abnormal form of Glochidion kollmannianum. The inflorescences on both are somewhat cymose, although some xi, c, 2 Merrill: Notes on the Flora of Borneo 69 fascicles occur. The specimens appear to be different from Javan material supposed to represent the same species, but the differences may be due mostly, if not entirely, to the abnormal inflorescences, probably caused by insects. MACARANGA Thouars MACARANGA INSIGNIS sp. nov. § Caladiifoliae. Arbor parva, glabra, ramulis teretibus, crassis, laevis, pruino- sis, cavis; foliis longe petiolatis, glabris, usque ad 40 cm longis, basi late peltatis, 7- vel 9-nerviis, late rotundatis ve! truncatis, profunde palmatim 5-lobatis, lobis oblongis ad oblongo-lanceola- tis, caudato-acuminatis, integris; inflorescentiis $ axillaribus, pedunculatis, subcapitatis, bracteis magnis pruinosis persisten- tibus suffultis, floribus dense confertis, staminibus 5 vel 6; floribus $ dense confertis, ovario cupreo- vel ferrugineo-furfura- ceo ; capsulis 5-locularis, extus laevis. A small glabrous tree, the branchlets cylindric, smooth, prui- nose, 6 to 10 mm in diameter, hollow, perforated, and inhabited by ants. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous, broadly ovate in outline, very deeply palmately 5-lobed, up to 40 cm in length, shining, peltate ; base very broadly rounded or truncate, sometimes slightly undulate, sometimes with a very few minute teeth, the basal lobes spreading or slightly falcate, 8 to 11 cm long, much shorter than the three central lobes, the petiole inserted 6 to 7 cm from the margin ; upper three lobes oblong to oblong-lanceo- late, 5 to 10 cm wide, caudate-acuminate, entire or distantly and minutely denticulate, the sinuses extending to within 3 to 7 cm of the insertion of the petiole ; nerves 7 or 9, palmate, very pro- minent ; petioles pruinose, 25 to 40 cm long. Male inflorescences axillary, solitary, their pruinose peduncles up to 7 cm in length, the inflorescence dense, subcapitate, 2 to 3 cm in diameter, ovoid ; bracts coriaceous, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, concave, curved, acuminate, 1.5 to 2.5 m long, pruinose, persistent. Male flowers very numerous, very densely crowded on the short branches, subtended, and more or less covered, by the bracts. Calyx externally slightly puberulent. Stamens 5 or 6; anthers 3- and 4-celled. Female inflorescence similar to the male, but the bracts apparently not persistent. Flowers crowded. Ovary cupreous- or ferrugineous-furfuraceous, smooth, ovoid, mostly 5-celled. Capsules depressed-globose, pedicelled, when dry about 1 cm in diameter, the valves longitudinally sulcate when dry, not appendaged, glabrous or somewhat furfuraceous. Sarawak, Native collector 169 (type), 171, 1156, 1509 (Bur. Sci.). A remarkable species on account of its leaf characters, its dense inflorescences, and its symbiosis with ants. It is intermediate between the sections Pachystemon and Caladiifoliae, but on account of its anthers 70 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 I have placed it in the latter section, from which it differs in its deeply lobed leaves, more numerous stamens, and its cocci not appendaged. Macaranga caladiifolia Becc. is well represented by 167, H32, and 1511 of the same collection. MOULTON I AN THUS genus novum ( Euphorbiceae-Cluytieae-Clutiinae ) Flores monoid, petaligeri, racemosi. Sepala $ 5, imbricata, libera. Petala 5, calyce multo longiora. Disci glandulae nullae. Stamina 8 vel 10, 2-vertieillata, libera, antherae dithecae, intror- sae, longitudinaliter dehiscens, filamenta brevissima. Ovarii rudimentum evolutum. Sepala 5 5, imbricata, libera. Petala 5, elongata. Disci glandulae nullae. Ovarium 3-loculare; styli liberi vel basi brevier connati, bifidi ; stigmata papillata ; ovula in loculis solitaria. Frutex vel arbor parva. Folia alterna, pen- ninervia, breviter petiolata, obscure crenata; stipulis ovatis, profunde cordatis, persistentibus. Racemi axillares, elongati, flores s numerosi, secus rachin fasciculati, $ pauci, solitarii, longissime pedicellati. MOULTON I ANT H US BORNEENSIS sp. nov. Frutex vel arbor parva inflorescentiis exceptis glabra; foliis oppositis, oblongis ad oblongo-ellipticis, coriaceis, usque ad 25 cm longis, apice late obtuse acuminatis, basi rotundatis, nervis utrin- que circiter 10, prominentibus ; stipulis 1 ad 4 cm longis, folia- ceis; inflorescentiis $ racemosis vel depauperato paniculatis, usque ad 12 cm longis, multifloris, floribus tenuiter pedicellatis, fasciculatis ; racemis ? elongatis, paucifloris, floribus longissime pedicellatis. A shrub or small tree, glabrous except the inflorescence. Branches terete, slender, smooth, pale- to dark-brown when dry. Leaves opposite, oblong to oblong-elliptic, coriaceous, brown and shining when dry, 12 to 25 cm long, 5 to 9 cm wide, base equilat- eral, rounded, apex prominently but broadly blunt-acuminate, margins distantly crenulate or dentate-crenulate ; lateral nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, prominent, obscurely anasto- mosing near the margins, the reticulations obscure; petioles 5 mm long or less ; stipules foliaceous, coriaceous, persistent, orbicular to ovate, 1 to 4 cm long, rounded to obtuse, base deeply cordate and clasping the stem. Racemes axillary, solitary, or sometimes one staminate and one pistillate in the same axil, sparingly pubescent. Male racemes many flowered, up to 12 cm long, sometimes developed into a depauperate panicle by short branches in the lower part. Flowers fascicled along the rachis, their pedicels up to 10 mm in length, slender, each fascicle sub- tended by several ovate, somewhat ciliate, 1 mm long bracteoles. xi, c, 2 Merrill: Notes on the Flora of Borneo 71 Sepals 5, ovate to orbicular-ovate, rounded, margins slightly ciliate, free, imbricate, about 2 mm long. Petals 5, free, imbri- cate, membranaceous, oblong-spatulate, about 5 mm long, 1.7 mm wide, rounded, base gradually narrowed, cuneate. Disk glands none. Stamens 8 or 10, in two verticels, entirely free, all inserted on the disk ; anthers ovate, apiculate, introrse, longi- tudinally dehiscing, about 0.7 mm long, the filaments of the shorter anthers about 0.4 mm long, of the inner about twice as long. Rudimentary ovary present, consisting of three, free, slender, 3 mm long styles. Pistillate racemes slenderer than the staminate ones, up to 15 cm long, with very few, scattered, long- pedicelled flowers, usually not more than five flowers to a raceme, their pedicels up to 4.5 cm in length, somewhat thickened upward. Sepals 5, more or less pubescent, imbricate, free, the outer two reniform-ovate, rounded, about 2 mm long and 3 mm wide, the inner three ovate to oblong-ovate, obtuse, about 4 mm long. Petals 5, free, imbricate, oblong-obovate to oblong-spatulate, rounded, narrowed below to the cuneate base, glabrous, about 10 mm long, 4 to 4.5 mm wide. Disk glands and staminodes none. Ovary densely pubescent, composed of three cocci, 3-celled, cells 1-ovuled; styles stout, spreading or reflexed immediately after anthesis, pubescent, cleft half way to the base, free or very slightly united at the base, the stigmatic surface papillose. Fruits unknown, but apparently 3-celled, and composed of three dry cocci. Sarawak, near Kuching, Native collector 412 (type), 464, 510, 563 (Bur. Sci.). One of the sheets is marked Matang Road, August 12, 1911, and another Rock Road, August 16, 1911. A very characteristic genus and species, dedicated to J. C. Moulton Esq., director of the Sarawak Museum, through whose interest it was possible for me to secure rich collections of Bornean plants. The genus is probably best placed in the Clutieae-Clutiinae near Trigonostemon and Schizostigma. The only other genus placed here that has its anthers in two verticels is Trigonopleura, but Trigono'pleura and Moult onianthus are entirely dissimilar and not closely allied. The plant is strongly characterized by its opposite, short-petioled, penninerved, eglandular leaves; its prominent, clasping, foliaceous, ovate, cordate, coriaceous, persistent stipules; and its dissimilar staminate and pistillate racemes; besides the peculiar floral characters given above in the diagnosis and description. OMPHALEA Linnaeus OMPHALEA MALAYANA sp. nov. § Penninerviae. Frutex scandens, glaber, vel inflorescentiis parcissime pubes- centibus, ramis ramulisque teretibus, griseis vel brunneis ; foliis anguste oblongis, oblongo-lanceolatis vel oblongo-oblanceolatis, 72 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 coriaceis, usque ad 40 cm longis, nitidis, apice breviter obtuse acuminatis, basi acutis ad obtusis, nervis utrinque circiter 15, prominentibus ; inflorescentiis vel ramulis floriferis usque ad 40 cm longis, floribus paucis, pedicellatis, fasciculatis, ramulis floriferis sursum foliis juvenilibus instructis. A scandent glabrous shrub or the younger parts of the inflore- scence obscurely pubescent. Branches and branchlets terete, grayish or brownish, usually wrinkled when dry. Leaves coria- ceous, shining, narrowly oblong to oblong-lanceolate or oblong- oblanceolate, 20 to 40 cm long, 4.5 to 7 cm wide, the apex blunt- acuminate, the acumen usually about 1 cm long, the base usually acute, rarely obtuse, and with a pair of prominent glands on the upper surface at the juncture of the petiole with the blade; lateral nerves about 15 on each side of the midrib, prominent, somewhat curved, anastomosing, the reticulations lax; petioles 1.5 to 4 cm long, stout. Inflorescences axillary, up to 40 cm in length, somewhat paniculate, the branches few, greatly elongated, and with rather numerous, thin, membranaceous, juvenile leaves toward their tips. Female flowers in scattered fascicles along the branches, their pedicels 6 to 10 mm long. Sepals 5, oblong, obtuse, glabrous, 2.5 to 3 mm long. Borneo, Sarawak, Baram, Hose kU (type), March, 1895; without definite locality, Native collector 105 (Bur. Sci.) . Philippines, Luzon, Province of Camarines, For. Bur. 21116 V alderrama, April 6, 1914: Province of Isabela, Palanan Bay, Bur. Sci. 21130 Escritor, June 25, 1913. This species is closely allied to Omphalea philippinensis Merr., otherwise the only species of the genus known from the Indo-Malayan region, differing distinctly and consistently in its larger, fewer-nerved leaves. I can see no valid reason for considering the Philippine and Bornean specimens, cited above, other than the same species; the former were originally determined by me as Omphalea philippinensis Merr., to which species they manifestly cannot be referred. OSTODES Blume OSTODES FAUCIFLORUS sp. nov. Frutex vel arbor, ramulis junioribus inflorescentiisque parce adpresse pubescentibus exceptis glaber; foliis firme chartaceis, oblongis, oblongo-ellipticis, vel oblongo-obovatis, usque ad 18 cm longis, brevissime petiolatis, acuminatis, basi acutis ad subrotun- datis, vix stipellari-biglandulosis, margine distanter glanduloso- crenulatis, nervis utrinque 8 ad 13 ; inflorescentiis s axillaribus, solitariis, brevissimis, racemosis, floribus paucis, longe pedicel- latis ; petalis obovatis, 5 ad 6 mm longis ; staminibus circiter 12, filamentis latis, exterioribus liberis, 3 interioribus alte connatis. A shrub or tree, glabrous except the sparingly appressed- xi, c, 2 Merrill: Notes on the Flora of Borneo 73 pubescent young branchlets and rachis of the short racemes. Branches slender, terete, gray or reddish-brown. Leaves alter- nate, firmly chartaceous, subolivaceous, shining, oblong, oblong- elliptic or oblong-obovate, 10 cm long, 4 to 7 cm wide, apex rather prominently acuminate, the acumen blunt, base acute to somewhat rounded, not or very obscurely glandular, the mar- gins distantly glandular-crenulate ; lateral nerves 8 to 13 on each side of the midrib, prominent, anastomosing, the reticulations lax, distinct; petioles 2 to 4 mm long; stipules ovate, obtuse, about 4 mm long. Staminate racemes axillary, solitary, very short, few-flowered, the rachis 1 cm long or less, usually but one flower maturing at a time, the bracteoles oblong, about 4 mm long, persistent, the upper inflorescences sometimes reduced to mere fascicles. Pedicels up to 2.5 cm long, thickened upward, slender. Sepals unequal, orbicular-obovate, margins ciliate, about 3 mm in diameter. Petals free, glabrous, obovate, rounded, 5 to 6 mm long. Stamens about 12, the exterior nine free, their filaments broad, flat, about 3 mm long, the interior three stamens with their filaments united for nearly their entire length. Rudi- mentary ovary none. Sarawak, Baram District, Baram, Hose 244, March, 1895. Apparently not closely allied to any of the previously described species, well characterized by its short racemes, its short petioles, its long pedicels, and its broad flat filaments. OSTODES MACROPHYLLUS (Muell.-Arg.) Benth. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. 3 (1880) 299; Pax in Engl. Pflanzenreich 47 (1911) 18. Tritaxis macrophylla Muell.-Arg. in Flora 47 (1864) 482. Ostodes serrato-crenatus Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1910) Bot. 283. Sarawak, Samatan, Foxworthy 141, May 19, 1908, known to the Dyaks as tuchung. I consider that Doctor Pax is quite correct in reducing my Ostodes serrato-crenatus to 0. macrophyllus. The known range of the species is now Malacca, Pahang, Borneo, Sibuyan, and the Provinces of Laguna and Cagayan, Luzon. DiMORPHOCALYX Thwaites DIMORPHOCALYX (?) BORNEENSIS sp. nov. Frutex vel arbor, partibus junioribus exceptis glaber; foliis oblongis ad oblongo-ovatis, usque ad 11 cm longis, acute acumi- natis basi rotundatis, obscure stipellari-biglandulosis, margin distanter denticulatis, nervis utrinque circiter 12; inflorescen- tiis $ axillaribus, longissime pedunculatis, floribus paucis, pedicellatis, ad apicem depauperato-fasciculatis vel solitariis, pedunculis vetustioribus bracteis foliaceis suffultis; fructibus circiter 12 mm diametro, glabris, laevis, sepalis liberis, leviter accrescentibus. 74 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 A shrub or tree, glabrous except the slightly pubescent young- er parts. Branches slender, terete, brownish or pale-greenish, glabrous, the young branchlets somewhat appressed ferrugi- nous-pubescent as are the very young petioles. Leaves dark- olivaceous when dry, somewhat shining, glabrous, oblong to ovate-oblong, 7 to 11 cm long, 2.5 to 4.5 cm wide, rather prom- inently and sharply acuminate, base rounded and usually with two, minute, stipellate glands on the upper surface near the juncture with the petiole, margins distantly and minutely denti- culate; lateral nerves slender, about 12 on each side of the mid- rib; petioles 1 to 3 cm long. Pistellate inflorescences axillary, 10 to 20 cm long, solitary, the flowers few, depauperately fas- cicled at the apex or solitary, the long peduncle without leaf- like bracts, or with several scattered along the upper one-third, or near the apex, the bracts leaf-like, lanceolate to oblong-ellip- tic, up to 1.6 mm long, persistent. Pedicels about 5 mm long, in fruit exceeding 1 cm in length. Sepals oblong, obtuse or slightly retuse, about 4 mm long and 1.5 mm wide, in mature fruit about 6 mm long and 2.2 mm wide, free or nearly so, per- sistent. Petals 5, glabrous, free, broadly spatulate, 5 mm long, 2 mm wide, much narrowed in the lower two-thirds. Disk- glands truncate, nearly square in outline, 0.5 mm long. Ovary ovoid, glabrous, about 1.5 mm long; style very short; divided into three parts, the arms bifid. Mature fruit depressed-globose, dark-colored, smooth and shining, about 12 mm in diameter, composed of three, dry, dehiscent cocci. Sarawak, Baram District, Entoyut River, Hose b.20, November, 1894. It is with some doubt that I have placed this species in Dimorphocalyx, as the staminate flowers are as yet unknown. In aspect it distinctly resembles Dimorphocalyx longipes Merr., but is not closely allied to that species. It is readily distinguishable by its few-flowered, very long-peduncled pistillate inflorescence, the flowers borne at the tip of the long peduncle, and the presence of leaf-like bracts scattered along- the upper part of the peduncle on most of the inflorescences. PHYLLANTHUS Linnaeus PHYLLANTHUS RETICULATUS Poir. in Lam. Encycl. 5 (1804) 298. Sarawak, Retuh, Sadong, Native collector 25U (Bur. Sci.), February- June, 1914. Not previously reported from Borneo. Tropical Africa and Asia through Malaya to the Philippines and tropical Australia. PI M ELEODEN DRON Hasskarl PIMELEODENDRON ACUMINATUM sp. nov. Frutex vel arbor glabra ; foliis longe petiolatis, oblongis, firme chartaceis vel subcoriaceis, usque ad 18 cm longis, integris, te- xi, c, 2 Merrill: Notes on the Flora of Borneo 75 nuiter acuminatis, basi acutis, eglandulosis, subtus distincte re- ticulatis, nervis utrinque 4 vel 5; racemis $ solitariis, circiter 2 cm longis, pedicellis quam floribus multo longioribus. A glabrous shrub or tree, the branches slender, terete, reddish- brown. Leaves alternate, firmly chartaceous to subcoriaceous, brown when dry, oblong, entire, 9 to 18 cm long, 3.5 to 6 cm wide, base acute, eglandular, apex rather slenderly acuminate, the acumen 1 to 1.8 cm long, usually blunt; lateral nerves 4 or 5 on each side of the midrib, prominent, anastomosing, the primary reticulations rather lax, slender, distinct on the lower surface; petioles 1 to 6 cm in length, slender. Staminate racemes solitary, rather slender, about 2 cm long, axillary, springing from a small pulvinus ; pedicels about 3 mm long, the staminate flowers about 2 mm in diameter, the calyx at least twice as short as the pedicel. Sarawak, Baram District, Baram, Hose 2b0, March, 1895. Manifestly allied to Pimeleodendron borneense Warb., from which it is readily distinguishable by its long petioles; solitary, axillary, staminate racemes; and its thinner, f ewer-nerved, rather slenderly acuminate leaves, the reticulations distinct on the lower surface. To Pimeleodendron borneense Warb. I refer Hose 206, 295, and Native collector 10^8 (Bur. Sci.), all from Sarawak. SCORTECH 1 N I A Hooker f. SCORTECHiNIA ARBOREA (Elm.) comb. nov. Alchornea arborea Elm. Lead. Philip. Bot. 4 (1911) 1274. Alcinaeanthus arboreus Pax & K. Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenrich 63 (1914) 415. Alcinaeanthus philippinensis Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 7 (1912) Bot. 1274. The genus Alcinaeanthus proposed by me in the year 1912 must now be reduced to the older Scortechinia in spite of certain descrepancies between the original descriptions of the two genera. In proposing the genus Scortechinia Hooker f. placed it in the tribe Phyllantheae with doubt, being uncertain as to the number of ovules in each cell, giving the number doubtfully as two. Pax 5 considered its position doubtful, and placed it among the uncertain or imperfectly described genera at the end of the family. This was overlooked by me in working out the description and status of my genus Alcinaeanthus. While the female flowers are as yet unknown, I have been able definitely to determine from the examination of very young fruits that there is but a single ovule in each cell, and am confident that the genus was placed correctly by me in the Platylobeae-Crotonoideae-Gelonieae, and very close to the genus Cheilosa Blume. It is to be noted, as already mentioned by Pax, that while in the original and, for that matter, subsequent descriptions of the genus Scorte- chinia, the stamens are described as free, in Hooker’s 5 figure of the type 6 Engl. & Prantl. Nat. Pfianzenfam. 35 (1890) 118. 76 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 species, S. kingii,6 the filaments are drawn, apparently by error, as united at the base. With this probable error corrected, and the number of ovules indicated as one in each instead of two, there remains no essential difference between Scortechinia and Alcinaeanthus ; and, in fact, the Philippine species seems to be very closely allied to the Malayan ones. The type of the genus, Scortechinia kingii Hook. f. is described as having leaves without basal glands, at least the glands are not mentioned in the description nor shown in the figure. In a second species, S. nicobarica Hook, f., the basal glands are present. In addition to the Philippine species mentioned above, the genus presents the following forms: SCORTECHINIA PARVIFOLIA (Merr.) comb. nov. Alcinaeanthus parvifolius Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 9 (1914) Bot. 461. Philippines. SCORTECHINIA KINGII Hook. f. Ic. PI. Ill 8 (1887) pi. 1706; FI. Brit. Ind. 5 (1887) 366. Perak, Malacca, Borneo. SCORTECHINIA NICOBARICA Hook. f. Ic. PI. Ill 8 (1887) sub pi. 1706, nomen; FI. Brit. Ind. 5 (1887) 367. SCORTECHINIA FORBESII Hook. f. Ic. PI. Ill 8 (1887) sub pi. 1706, nomen. This last species seems never to have been described. New Guinea. SEBASTIAN A Sprengel SEBASTtANA CHAMAELA (Linn.) Muell.-Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15 s (1866) 1175, var. ASPEROCCA (F.-Muell.) Pax & Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenreich 52 (1912) 117. Sarawak, Santubong, Native collector 2359 (Bur. Sci.), February- June, 1914. The species is new to Borneo; India and Ceylon to Kwantung southward to northern Australia, with another variety in tropical Africa. Cuming 232U, reported from the Philippines by Pax and K. Hoffmann, was from Malacca, not from the Philippines; the species has not been found in the Philippines. TRIGONOPLEURA Hooker f. TRIGONOPLEURA BORNEENSIS sp. nov. Arbor, ramulis petiolis subtus foliis ad costa nervisque flori- busque pubescentibus ; foliis oblongis, coriaceis, acuminatis, usque ad 15 cm longis, nervis utrinque circiter 11, prominentibus ; floribus $ fasciculatis, pedicellatis, sepalis extus dense griseo- puberulis ; petalis oblongo-spatulatis, apice rotundatis, basi longe angustatis, 4.5 mm longis, ferrugineo-villosis, columna sursum incrassata. A tree, the branchlets, petioles, and leaves beneath on the costa Hook. f. Ic. PI. Ill 8 (1887) pi. 1076, fig. 3. xi, c, 2 Merrill: Notes on the Flora of Borneo 77 and lateral nerves more or less ferruginous-pubescent. Branches terete, brown, eventually glabrous. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous, olivaceous and shining on the upper surface when dry, the lower surface brown, midrib and lateral nerves rather densely pubescent with short hairs, 10 to 15 cm long, 4 to 5.5 cm wide, apex rather abruptly acuminate, base rounded; lateral nerves about 11 on each side of the midrib, very prominent on the lower surface, anastomosing ; petioles prominently rugulose when dry, pubescent, rather stout, 7 to 10 mm long. Staminate flowers in axillary fascicles, their pedicels 1.5 to 3 mm long. Sepals oblong- elliptic, rounded, 3 to 3.5 mm long, densely cinereous-puberulent externally. Petals oblong-spatulate, apex rounded, base long- narrowed, densely ferruginous-villous, about 4.5 mm long. Glands oblong, glabrous, 1 mm long. Staminal column 5 to 8 mm long, shortly stipitate, much narrowed below, densely fer- ruginous-villous; anthers 8, about 1 mm long, their short free filaments densely villous, 1 mm long or less. Arms of the rudi- mentary ovary slender, glabrous, about 1 mm long. Sarawak, Baram District, Miri River, Hose 676, April 25, 1895. Trigonopleura borneensis is the third species for the genus, one being known from the Malay Peninsula, and one from Mindanao, Samar, and Leyte in the Philippines. The form above described is very distinct from the other two, well characterized by its leaves being pubescent beneath, with more numerous lateral nerves; its spatulate petals; and its staminal column distinctly thickened upward, not cylindric. TRIGONOPLEURA DUBIA (Elm.) comb. nov. Alsodeia dubia Elm. Lead. Philip. Bot. 8 (1915) 2875 (March 27). Trigonopleura philippinensis Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 10 (1915) Bot. 275 (August 9). Mindanao, Province of Agusan, Cabadbaran, Elmer 13956 (type number of Alsodeia dubia Elm.). Samar, Bur. Sci. 17457 Ramos (type of Trigo- nopleura philippinensis Merr.). Leyte, Wenzel 709,854,935. Opportunity is here taken to adjust the synonymy of the Philippine species, as it was nearly simultaneously described both by Mr. Elmer and by me; Mr. Elmer’s specific name being the older, is here adopted. The material on which Alsodeia dubia was based presents only staminate flowers, but it is Trigonopleura, not Alsoidea, and matches Trigonopleura philippinensis Merr. in all respects. While placed by Mr. Elmer in the Violaceae, it is evident from his statement regarding it that he was very uncertain as to its true position: “Rather uncertain as to the right family and may possibly belong to Flacourtiaceae or rather to Icacinaceae." LEGUMINOSAE BAUHINIA Linnaeus This genus seems to be rather highly developed in number of species in Borneo. Those previously credited to the island are as follows: Bauhinia acuminata Linn., B. brachyscypha Baker, B. burbidgei Stapf ( B . creaghii 78 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 Baker ex deser. is probably a synonym), B. diptera Blume, B. elongata Korth., B. excelsa Blume (B. ferruginea Korth., non Roxb.), B. excurrens Stapf, B. finlaysoniana Grah., B. foraminifer Gagnep., B. kingii Prain, B. macropoda Blume, B. menispermacea Gagnep., B. semibifida Roxb., and B. stenostachya Baker. More than one-half of these are known only from Borneo. The species proposed below are apparently distinct from the above-listed species, and from all other described Malayan forms. Several of the above species, notably Bauhinia burbidgei Stapf, B. foraminifer Gagnep., and B. menispermacea Gagnep., are represented in our recently collected material by fine series of specimens. BAUHINIA BORNEENSIS sp. nov. § Phanera. Frutex scandens, ramulis inflorescentiisque dense subferrugi- neo-pubescentibus ; foliis late ellipticis, coriaceis usque ad 8 cm longis, basi cordatis, 11- ad 15-nerviis, subtus minute pubescent- ibus, apice usque ad £ vel £ divisis, lobis late rotundatis ; racemis terminalibus, floribus longe pedicellatis, saltern 2.5 cm longis, petalis extus parcissime longe pilosis glabrescentibus. A scandent shrub, the younger parts and the inflorescence densely pubescent with brown or ferruginous short hairs. Branches terete, brown, glabrous, lenticellate. Leaves coriace- ous, broadly elliptic, 5 to 8 cm long, 4 to 8 cm wide, the upper surface dark-brown, glabrous, the lower minutely appressed ferruginous-pubescent, base cordate, 11- to 15-nerved, apex divided from one-fourth to one-third to the base, the sinus narrow, lobes equilateral, broadly rounded; petioles 2 to 3.5 cm long, ultimately glabrous. Racemes terminal, simple, densely pubescent, up to at least 20 cm in length, the pedicels densely pubescent, 3 to 4 cm long. Buds broadly clavate, the tube cylin- dric, somewhat gibbous at the base, 1 cm long, the limb oblong- cylindric, rounded or apiculate, just before anthesis about 2 cm long, striate. Sepals narrowly oblong, about 2.5 cm long, 6.5 mm wide, somewhat acuminate, coriaceous. Petals as long as the sepals, glabrous or with a very few, long, scattered hairs on the median portion of the back, the limb oblong to oblong-elliptic, rounded, up to 11 mm wide, base acute, claw 2 to 3 mm long. Fertile stamens 3 ; anthers oblong, 12 mm long. Ovary and stout style densely appressed ferruginous-pubescent. Sarawak, Native collector 1906 (type), 1010, 1787, 1871 (Bur. Sci.) ; possibly referable here is Hose 575 from Baram District, but in my specimen, which presents rather young buds, the petals are densely pubescent on the median part of the back. A species in the g'roup with Bauhinia ferruginea Roxb., from which it is distinguished by its petals being quite glabrous, or at most with very few, long, soft hairs on the median portions of the back, not densely tomentose. xi, c, 2 Merrill: Notes on the Flora of Borneo 79 BAUHINIA CARDIOPH YLLA sp. nov. § Phanera. Frutex scandens, glaber; foliis late ovatis, usque ad 6 cm longis, integris, obtusis vel obtuse acuminatis, basi cordatis, 7-nerviis, subtus glaucescentibus ; floribus racemosis, longe tenuiter pedicellatis, petalis oblongo-obovatis, circiter 11 mm longis. Species B. menispermaceae similis et affinis, differt foliis multo minoribus, floribusque minoribus. A scandent cirrhiferous glabrous shrub, the branches and branchlets reddish-brown when dry, terete. Leaves subcoria- ceous, broadly ovate, 3.5 to 6 cm long, 3 to 5 cm wide, base cordate, apex obtuse or obtusely acuminate, entire, the upper surface pale-brownish when dry, the lower glaucous; nerves 7, slender, none of them reaching the apex; petioles slender, 1 to 2 cm long. Racemes terminal, glabrous, rather few-flowered, the pedicels slender, elongated, up to 3.5 cm in length. Buds clove-shaped, the tube slender, 4 mm long, narrowed into the pedicel, the limb ovoid, subacute. Sepals reflexed, oblong-ovate, acute or slightly acuminate, about 4.5 mm long. Petals some- what ferruginous-pilose on the back, unequal ; two oblong-obovate, rounded or retuse, about 11 mm long and 5.5 mm wide, base gradually narrowed, acute; three oblong-oblanceolate, as long as the other two but 2.5 to 3.5 mm wide and obtuse to somewhat acuminate. Fertile stamens 3; filaments glabrous, about 5 mm long; anthers short, wider than long. Sterile filaments nearly as long as the fertile ones. Ovary and style glabrous. Disk ferruginous-villous. Sarawak, Native collector 1858 (type), 1857 (Bur. Sci.) ; Baram District, Hose 289, October 26, 1894. Manifestly closely allied to Banhinia menispermacea Gagnep., which it greatly resembles, differing however in its much smaller size throughout; much smaller, thinner leaves, which are obtuse or blunt acuminate; smaller, few-flowered racemes; and smaller flowers. Bauhinia menispermacea Gagnep. is represented . by Native collector 129, 1282, 195h (Bur. Sci.), Matang Road, March, 1912. BAUHINIA HAViLANDU sp. nov. § Phanera. Frutex ut videtur scandens parce pubescentibus ; foliis oblongo- ovatis, acuminatis, integris, basi late rotundatis subcordatisque, 5- vel 7-nerviis, chartaceis, usque ad 10 cm longis; inflorescentiis terminalibus, racemosis vel depauperato-paniculatis, dense mul- tifloris, bracteis bracteolisque linearibus ; petalis oblongo-obovatis ad oblongo-spatulatis, circiter 7.5 mm longis, crispatis, obtusis, extus pallide pilosis; ovario dense hirsuto. A shrub; apparently scandent, the branchlets, inflorescences, 80 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 and petioles sparingly ferruginous-pubescent, the branches and branchlets brown or dark-brown when dry. Leaves chartaceous, brown and shining when dry, oblong-ovate, entire, acuminate, 7 to 10 cm long, 3.5 to 5 cm wide, glabrous, base broadly truncate- rounded and often shallowly cordate, prominently 5- or 7-nerved ; petioles pubescent, 1 to 2 cm long. Inflorescence terminal, a simple raceme or with one or two branches from the base, up to 7 cm in length, rather densely many-flowered, the rachis and pedicels appressed-pubescent with rather pale hairs, the bracts and bracteoles linear, pubescent. Pedicels slender, about 2 cm long. Buds somewhat clove-shaped, the tube slender, narrowed below to the pedicel, 2 to 3 mm long, the limb oblong-ovoid, narrowed at both ends, acute, pale-pubescent externally with grayish or cinereous, short hairs. Sepals lanceolate, acuminate, reflexed, about 6 mm long. Petals subequal, 7 to 8 mm long, oblong-obovate to oblong-spatulate, much crisped, obtuse, base narrowed, acute, rather densely pale appressed-pilose externally, the claw 1 to 2 mm long. Fertile stamens 3; filaments slender, glabrous, about 6 mm long; anthers broadly ellipsoid, 1.7 mm long. Ovary shortly stipitate, inequilateral, oblong, densely pale- hirsute, about 4 mm long, much shorter than the style, which is glabrous above, hirsute below. Sarawak, Native collector 199 (Bur. Sci.). Well characterized by its entire, acuminate, glabrous leaves; its densely flowered inflorescence; pointed buds, the tube short, gradually narrowed to the pedicel; and its densely hirsute ovaries. It does not seem to be closely allied to any other Bornean species. BAUHINIA HOSEI sp. nov. § Phanera. Frutex scandens partibus junioribus inflorescentiisque dense cupreo-ferrugineo-pubescentibus ; foliis oblongo-ovatis, coriaceis, in siccitate brunneis, usque ad 9 cm longis, basi 5-nerviis, cordatis, apice acuminatis retusisque; inflorescentiis racemosis, floribus longe pedicellatis ; petalis extus parce ferrugineo-pubes- centibus, obovatis, usque ad 16 mm longis, rotundatis; antheris circiter 2 mm diametro; ovario deorsum dense piloso, sursum glabro. A scandent shrub, the younger parts and inflorescence densely pubescent with short, mostly appressed, shining, cupreous- ferrugineous hairs. Branches brown, smooth, glabrous, terete. Leaves thickly coriaceous, oblong-ovate, 7 to 9 cm long, 4 to 5.5 cm wide, base rounded, prominently cordate, 5-nerved, apex acuminate, the acumen slightly retuse, the upper surface quite glabrous, the lower surface similar in color, pubescent on the nerves, ultimately glabrous or nearly so; petioles densely pub- xi, c, 2 Merrill: Notes on the Flora of Borneo 81 escent, 1 cm long or less. Racemes terminal, solitary, sometimes with one or two short basal branches, all parts densely pubescent, the pedicels slender, up to 5 cm in length. Buds clove-shaped, densely pubescent, the tube cylindric, slender, 8 to 10 mm long, the limb ovoid. Sepals oblong-ovate, obscurely acuminate, about 8 mm long. Petals externally slightly appressed-ciliate, obovate, about 16 mm long, the limb broad, rounded, up to 14 mm wide, the claw stout, 2 to 4 mm long, base slightly narrowed, rounded. Fertile stamens three, stout, glabrous, about 10 mm long; anthers suborbicular, 2 mm in diameter; sterile filaments seven, 6 to 7 mm in length. Ovary oblong, appressed ferruginous- pubescent especially in the lower part and along the margins, glabrous above; style short, glabrous. Sarawak, Baram District, Marudi, Hose 254, June 12, 1895. A species belonging in the group with Bauhinia pyrrhaneura Korth., but with shorter petioles, fewer nerves, and obscure reticulations. It also resem- bles Bauhinia bidentata Jack, but differs from that species in many characters. BAUHINIA MEGALANTHA sp. nov. § Phanera. Frutex scandens ramulis infloreseentiis floribusque dense ad- presse ferrugineo-tomentosis ; foliis chartaceis, late ellipticis, 9- vel 11-nerviis, usque ad 10 cm longis, basi late rotundatis, foliolis usque ad f connatis, apice rotundatis ; infloreseentiis ter- minalibus, racemosis, paucifloris, floribus magnis, usque ad 8 cm longis, longe pedicellatis, sepalis petalisque extus dense ferrugineo-tomentosis. A scandent shrub, the younger parts and the inflorescence densely ferruginous-pubescent with short, appressed hairs. Branches terete, brown, becoming quite glabrous. Leaves broad- ly elliptic, chartaceous, 7 to 10 cm long, 6 to 8 cm wide, the upper surface brownish-pruinose when dry, quite glabrous, the lower paler and appressed-pubescent with scattered, short, brownish hairs, base broadly rounded, sometimes very shallowly cordate, 9- or 11-nerved, apex cleft about one-fifth to the base, the lobes rounded, the sinus very narrow, the midrib excurrent as a slender, somewhat pubescent, 4 to 5 mm long mucro; pe- tioles slender, 3 to 5 cm long. Racemes terminal, solitary, few- flowered, the axis 8 to 20 cm long, and with the pedicels, calyx, and petals densely appressed ferruginous-pubescent with short hairs, the pedicels about 5 cm in length. Buds widely clavate, the tube cylindric, slightly gibbous at the base, 1.5 to 2 cm long, rather abruptly enlarged at the base of the oblong, acute limb. Sepals 4.5 to 5 cm long, about 8 mm wide, coriaceous, acuminate, at least twice as long as the tube. Petals subequal, about 5 140974—3 82 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 cm long, 1.5 to 1.8 cm wide, narrowly oblong to narrowly oblong- obovate, rounded at the apex, base acute, densely pubescent outside, glabrous within, the claw stout, 4 to 5 mm long. Fertile stamens 3; filaments glabrous; anthers narrowly oblong, 2.2 cm long. Ovary rather long-stipitate, all parts, including the stipe and the stout style, densely ferruginous-pubescent. Sarawak, Baram District, Entoyut River, Hose 168, November 10, 1894. A species well characterized by its large flowers, belonging in the group with Bauhinia exelsa Blume ( B . ferrugmea Korth., non Roxb.), from which it is easily distinguished by its slender, much longer petioles. BAUHINIA MOULTONII sp. nov. § Phanera. Frutex scandens, ramulis subtus foliis inflorescentiisque fer- rugineo-pubescentibus ; foliis coriaceis, suborbicularis, usque ad 9 cm diametro, prominente 7- vel 9-nerviis, basi cordatis, apice breviter lobatis, lobis rotundatis; floribus racemosis, racemis paucifloris; petalis oblongis ad anguste oblongis, circiter 12 mm longis, extus parce pilosis ; staminibus fertilibus 3, antheris latis ; ovario glabro. A scandent shrub, the branchlets, petioles, lower surface of the leaves, and the inflorescence more or less ferruginous-pube- scent, the branches and branchlets terete, brown in color, the former ultimately glabrous. Leaves suborbicular, rather thickly coriaceous, 5 to 9 cm long, base prominently cordate, divided one-fourth to the base or less, the sinus narrow, lobes broadly rounded, prominently 7- or 9-nerved, the primary reticulations lax, prominent, the secondary ones obsolete or nearly so, the upper surface brown when dry, glabrous, the lower somewhat paler, rather uniformly pubescent with scattered, short, brown hairs; petioles 2 to 5 cm long. Racemes ferruginous-pubescent, short, rather few-flowered, the lower pedicels longer than the upper ones, deciduous, slender, up to 2 cm in length. Buds clove-shaped, the tube slender, cylindric, 2 to 4 mm long, rather densely pubescent, the limb ovoid, slightly pubescent or nearly glabrous. Sepals oblong-ovate, acute or slightly acuminate, 5 to 6 mm long, in anthesis spreading or somewhat reflexed. Petals oblong to narrowly oblong, about 11 mm long, 4 to 5 mm wide, sparingly pilose on the back with long scattered hairs, the base acute, the claw 1 mm long or less. Disk ferruginous-villous. Ovary oblong, compressed, glabrous, about as long as the style. Fertile stamens 3, the anthers wider than long. Sarawak, Native collector 201, 202 (type) (Bur. Sci.). Apparently quite distinct from the other described Bornean and Malayan forms, characterized by its shortly lobed, pubescent, cordate, rather thickly xi, c, 2 Merrill: Notes on the Flora of Borneo 83 coriaceous leaves, the lobes rounded; its short racemes with clove-shaped buds, rather long pedicels, glabrous ovary; and anthers wider than long. ERYTHROPHLOEUM Afzelius ERYTHROPHLOEUM DENSIFLORUM (Elm.) Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1910) Bot. 267. Cynometra densiflora Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1907) 222. British North Borneo, Sebatik Island, Villamil 52, September 26, 1915, locally known as miamot. Previously known only from the Philippines, where it is widely distributed. The specimen is sterile, but is unquestionably identical with the Philippine form. Doctor Foxworthy notes that the wood structures is also identical with the Philippine form. CRUDIA Sehreber CRUDIA TENUIPES sp. nov. Arbor glabra ramis ramulisque tenuibus; foliis plerumque 4- foliolatis, foliolis alternis, firme chartaceis, oblongo-ellipticis, prominente acuminatis, basi acutis ad rotundatis, usque ad 10 cm longis, nervis primariis utrinque eirciter 7, tenuibus; racemis circiter 6 cm longis, floribus longissime tenuiterque pedicellatis, pedicellis 2 ad 3 cm longis, sepalis reflexis, oblongo-ovatis, 4 mm longis, ovario dense ferrugineo-piloso. A glabrous tree, the branches and branchlets very slender, terete, brownish, smooth, the ultimate branches less than 1.5 mm in diameter. Leaves alternate, 15 to 18 cm long, the rachis 4 to 6 cm long, not produced beyond the last leaflet ; leaflets usually 4, alternate, oblong-elliptic, firmly chartaceous, glabrous, 7 to 10 cm long, 3 to 5 cm wide, apex prominently acuminate, the acumen usually about 1 cm long, rather slender, blunt, base acute to rounded, upper surface brownish when dry, the lower faintly glaucous ; primary lateral nerves about 7 on each side of the midrib, slender, anastomosing, scarcely more prominent than are the secondary ones and primary reticulations; petiolules about 3 mm long. Racemes on the ultimate branchlets solitary, opposed to the ultimate leaf, about 6 cm long, the rachis and peduncle slender, the pedicels of the flowers very slender, 2 to 3 cm long, each with a minute bracteole, or its scar, at about the lower third or fourth. Calyx-tube nearly 2 mm long, the lobes 4, reflexed, glabrous, about 4 mm long, oblong-ovate, obtuse or rounded, reflexed, brown when dry. Ovary oblong-ovoid, about 3 mm long, densely ferruginous-pilose, narrowed upward, the style slender, about 7 mm long, pubescent below, glabrous above ; ovules 2 or 3. 84 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 Sarawak, Native collector 1385 (Bur. Sci.). A species very readily distinguished from all described forms by its very slender, much-elongated pedicels, which vary in length from 2 to 3 cm. It is not closely allied to the only other known Bornean species, Crudia havilandii Prain. A third species is represented by Native collector 688 (Bur. Sci.), but the material available is hardly sufficient to warrant describing it at this time. PELTOPHORUM Walpers PELTOPHORUM RACEMOSUM sp. nov. Arbor, ramulis petiolis inflorescentiisque ferrugineo-pubescen- tibus; foliis circiter 25 cm longis, circiter 5-jugatis; foliolis oblongo-ellipticis, coriaceis late rotundatis apiculatisque, basi subacutis, aequilateralibus vel leviter inaequilateralibus, circiter 10-jugatis, usque ad 3 cm longis; inflorescentiis axillaribus, soli- tariis, racemosis, quam foliis brevioribus, floribus circiter 2.5 cm diametro. A tree, the younger branchlets, petioles, and inflorescences prominently ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves about 25 cm long, bipinnate, the pinnae usually 5 pairs, 8 to 12 cm long, their rachises ferruginous-pubescent. Leaflets oblong-elliptic, coria- ceous, equilateral or nearly so, 2 to 3 cm long, 8 to 12 mm wide, apex broadly rounded, minutely apiculate, base subacute, mar- gins usually revolute, the upper surface dark-brown and shining when dry, the lower paler, uniformly and rather densely pube- scent with short subferruginous hairs. Inflorescence racemose, the racemes axillary, solitary, about 14 cm long, ferruginous- pubescent. Pedicels slender, about 1 cm long. Calyx densely ferruginous-pubescent, the tube very short, nearly flat, 4 to 5 mm in diameter, the lobes oblong, rounded, about 1 cm long. Petals obovate, much wrinkled, rounded, pubescent on the back, about 1.5 cm long. Stamens about 1 cm long, the filaments much thickened and densely villous at the base, glabrous above ; anthers versatile, oblong, 4 mm in length. Ovary and style pubescent. Southeastern Borneo, Hayoep, Winkler 2lt2U- Distinguished from all the oriental species of the genus by its racemose inflorescence, few pinnae, comparatively few, relatively rather large, and nearly equilateral leaflets. PELTOPHORUM INERME (Roxb.) Naves in Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 3, pi. 335, ex F.-Vill. Novis. App. (1880) 69 in syn. ( P . ferrugineum Benth.) . Sarawak, near Kuching, Sarawak Museum 11; near Mount Santubong, Native collector 2373 (Bui-. Sci.) ; Miri River, Hose 562, 685, January, April, 1895. Malay Peninsula and Indo-China to the Philippines, Malaya, and north- eastern Australia. xi, c, 2 Merrill: Notes on the Flora of Borneo 85 I NTS I A Thouars INTSIA BAKERI Prain in Sci. Mem. Med. Off. Army Ind. 12 (1901) 13. Sarawak, Baram, Foxworthy It82, there known as miraboo. Siam, Malacca, and the Andaman Islands; new to Borneo. INTSIA RETUSA (Kurz) O. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. 1 (1891) 192. Sarawak, Baram District, Hose 507 ; British North Borneo, near Sanda- kan, Villamil 52, sterile. Delta of the Ganges, the Andaman Islands, Malay Peninsula, and Cochin- china; new to Borneo. MEZONEURUM Desfontaines MEZONEURUM PLATYCARPUM sp. nov. § Eumezoneurum. Frutex scandens, aculeatus, partibus junioribus subtus folio- lis inflorescentiisque plus minusve brunneo-puberulis vel pubes- centibus; foliolis alternis, subcoriaceis, usque ad 4.5 cm longis, oblongo-ellipticis ad obovatis, apice late rotundatis vel subtrun- catis, basi inaequilateralibus ; fioribus circiter 15 mm longis, extus dense cinereo- vel griseo-puberulis, calycis tubo valde obli- quis, gibbosis ; petalis valde inaequalibus ; fructibus inaequilater- aliter oblongo-obovoideis, circiter 12 cm longis et 5.5 cm latis, glabris, nitidis, seminibus circiter 5. A scandent aculeate shrub, the younger parts, lower surface of the leaflets, and the inflorescence brownish- or griseous- puberulent. Leaves apparently large, bipinnate, the rachis with retrorse spines. Leaflets numerous, alternate, subcoriaceous, ob- long-elliptic to obovate, 2 to 4.5 cm long, 1.2 to 3 cm wide, apex broadly rounded or subtruncate, the midrib forming sometimes a very short apiculus, base usually distinctly inequilateral, rounded or slightly cordate, the lamina on one side extending farther along the petiolule than on the other, the upper surface glabrous, shining, nearly black when dry, the lower puberulent; lateral nerves 7 to 9 pairs, rather slender, anastomosing, scarcely more distinct than are the secondary ones and the primary reti- culations ; petiolules about 2 mm long. Flowers numerous, some- what crowded on the racemelike branches of the inflorescence, their pedicels pubescent, about 10 mm long, the flowers about 15 mm long. Calyx-tube very oblique, gibbous, 4 to 5 mm long, externally densely puberulent, about 7 mm in diameter, the lobes very unequal, the larger one broadly obovate, rounded, puberu- lent, concave, about 7 mm long and 6 mm wide, two lateral ones about 5 mm long and 3.5 mm wide, elliptic-ovate, rounded, the remaining two suborbicular, 4 to 5 mm in diameter. Petals very unequal, one about 10 mm long and 8 mm wide, glabrous, prom- inently two-lobed, when spread about 8 mm wide, the lobes some- 86 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 what falcate, rounded, divaricate, the sinus with a short stipi- tate process, base much narrowed into the stout, 6 mm long claw, the other four petals subequal, oblong, acuminate, about 4 mm long. Filaments stout, 10 to 12 mm long, below clothed with long hairs. Ovary narrowly oblong, pubescent, somewhat com- pressed, including the pubescent style about 13 mm in length. Pod brown and shining when dry, about 12 cm long and 5.5 cm wide, inequilaterally oblong-obovate, slightly curved along the winged side, broadly curved along the other, slightly reticulate, with a short pubescent apiculus, the wing about 1 cm wide ; seeds about 5. Sarawak, Baram District, Miri River, Hose 70, January, 1895. The first repi’esentative of the genus reported from Borneo, well character- ized by its broad pods and very unequal petals. PAHUDIA Miquel PAHUDIA ACUMINATA sp. nov. Arbor, inflorescentiis exceptis glabra; foliis circiter 20 cm longis, 3-jugis, foliolis firme chartaceis, oblongis ad oblongo- ovatis, nitidis, usque ad 10 cm longis, tenuiter acute acuminatis, basi acutis ad rotundatis, subtus pallidis, nervis primariis utrin- que circiter 10, tenuibus; inflorescentiis cinereo-pubescentibus, paucifloris, depauperato-paniculatis, circiter 6 cm longis; petalis 1 vel interdum 2, superioribus flabelliformis, circiter 12 mm longis, longe unguiculatis, inferioribus lineari-spatulatis ; stami- nibus fertilibus 7, usque ad 6 cm longis; ovario circiter 2 mm longo, stylis brevissimis. A tree, glabrous except the inflorescence. Leaves pinnate, about 20 cm long, the leaflets 6, opposite, firmly chartaceous, shining and brownish-olivaceous on the upper surface, the lower surface pale, oblong to oblong-ovate, 7 to 10 cm long, 4 to 7 cm wide, base acute, apex long and slenderly acuminate, the acumen up to 1.5 cm in length, acute ; lateral nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, slender, anastomosing, scarcely more distinct than are the secondary nerves and primary reticulations ; petio- lules 2 to 3 mm long. Inflorescence a depauperate, few-flow- ered panicle, or reduced to a few fascicled racemes, excluding the flowers about 6 cm in length, all parts rather densely ciner- eous-pubescent with short hairs. Bracts in general broadly ovate, subpersistent, rounded or obtuse, about 6 mm long, often wider than long, densely pubescent. Calyx-tube about 5 mm long ; outer two sepals narrowly elliptic, about 8 mm long and 4 mm wide, rounded, the inner two broadly elliptic, about 9 mm long and 6 to 7 mm wide, all pubescent. Upper petal about 12 xi, c, 2 Merrill: Notes on the Flora of Borneo 87 mm long, puberulent, the limb flabellate, 7 to 8 mm wide, broadly rounded, base much narrowed, the claw about 6 mm long, pubes- cent below; inferior petal, when present, linear-spatulate, up to 7 mm in length. Stamens 9, the upper two sterile, very slender, 2 to 3 mm long, the lower seven much elongated, somewnat ciliate near the base, about 6 cm long. Ovary shortly stipitate, oblong, compressed, including the strongly incurved or involute style about 2 mm long, pubescent along one side, the stipe short, pubescent. Sarawak, Baram District, Baram, Hose 93, March, 1895. The first representative of the genus known from Borneo, in appearance resembling Pahudia javanica Miq. and P. rhomboidea Prain. It differs from both in its fewer leaflets which are prominently and slenderly acute- acuminate, not blunt-acuminate or retuse, but especially from the above two forms and the other known representatives of the genus in its very short style, which is at most 1 mm in length. FLEMINGIA Roxburgh FLEMINGIA MACROPHYLLA (Willd.) 0. Ktze. ex Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 662 (1897) 440, in nota; cf. Merrill in Philip. Journ. Sci. 5 (1910) Bot. 130 ( F . congesta Roxb.). Sarawak, Lundu, Foxworthy hOU, June, 1908; Baram District, Hose 215, November 30, 1894. New to Borneo; India to southern China, the Philippines, and Malaya. ALBIZZIA Durazzini ALBIZZIA SCANDENS Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1909) Bot. 265. Sarawak, Baram District, Hose 523, 691, January and April, 1895. Previously known only from Palawan. The Sarawak specimens very closely match the type. DALBERGIA Linnaeus f. DALBERGI A SU BALTERN I FOLI A (Elm.) Merr. in Philip. Journ Sci. 10 (1915) Bot. 15. Sarawak, without definite locality, Native collector 1891 (Bur. Sci.). This specimen certainly represents the same species as our Palawan material. It is characterized by its trifoliolate leaves, belongs in the section Amerimnon, Endespermum, and is allied to Dalbergia densa Benth. DALBERGIA SI M PLICI FOLI A sp. nov. § Amerimnon, Endespermum. Species praecedente similis et valde affinis, differt foliis om- nibus 1-foliolatis inflorescentiis multo brevioribus. Apparently scandent, glabrous except the young branchlets and the inflorescence. Branches terete, rugose when dry, lenti- cellate, brown in color. Leaves all simple, elliptic to oblong- elliptic, 7 to 13 cm long, 3.5 to 7 cm wide, castaneous and shining when dry, base rounded, apex rather prominently blunt-acumi- nate, the lower surface slightly pubescent along the midrib when 88 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 young, becoming quite glabrous; lateral nerves about 7 on each side of the midrib, slender, not prominent ; petiole, including the petiolule, 1 to 1.5 cm long. Inflorescence axillary, cymose, fer- ruginous-pubescent, 2 to 3 cm long. Flowers about 6 mm long, their pedicels 1 to 2 mm in length, sparingly pubescent. Calyx somewhat cup-shaped, 3.5 mm long, sparingly appressed-pubes- cent, shortly 5-toothed, three of the teeth narrower than the other two. Petals sparingly pubescent externally. Standard with an orbicular, rounded limb about 3 mm in diameter, re- flexed in anthesis, the claw slender. Keel petals as long as the standard, prominently hastate or appendaged at the base, the claw slender, 2.5 mm long, the limb inequilateral, oblong-obovate, somewhat falcate, rounded. Stamens united into two phalanges of four each, with an intermediate one between the phalanges, the vexillary filament wanting. Ovary narrowly oblong, stipi- tate, densely and minutely ferruginous-pubescent, the style subu- late, about 2 mm long. Sarawak, Baram District, Miri, Hose 678, April, 1895. A species well characterized by its unifoliolate leaves; the single leaflet comparatively large, castaneous and shining when dry, and of nearly the same color on both surfaces; and its short inflorescences. It is manifestly very closely allied to Dalbergia subalternifolia (Elm.) Merr. of Pala- wan and Sarawak, which, however, has much longer inflorescences and 3-foliolate leaves. PTEROLOBIUM R. Brown PTEROLOBIUM BORNEENSE sp. nov. Frutex scandens, aculeatus, inflorescentiis foliisque exceptis glaber; foliis circiter 20 cm longis, rhachibus griseo-puberulis, pinnis circiter 10-jugatis, 4 ad 6 cm longis; foliolis 10- ad 14- jugatis, glabris, anguste oblongis, circiter 1 cm longis, 3 ad 4 mm latis, apice rotundatis, leviter retusis, basi inaequilateralibus ; inflorescentiis dense pubescentibus, circiter 20 cm longis, flori- bus numerosis; leguminis glabris, 5 cm longis, circiter 1.4 cm latis, basi turgidis, obscure reticulatis, apice late rotundatis, later- aliter apiculatis. A scandent shrub, the branches terete, smooth, dark-colored, glabrous, somewhat pruinose when dry, armed with short re- flexed spines at the nodes. Leaves about 20 cm long, the rachis with short retrorse spines at the nodes, griseous-puberulent as are also the rachises of the pinnae ; pinnae about 10 pairs, 4 to 6 cm long ; leaflets 10 to 14 pairs, narrowly oblong, glabrous, dark- brown when dry, about 1 cm long, 3 to 4 mm wide, apex rounded, usually retuse and sometimes with a minute apiculus, base inequi- lateral, rounded, the lamina extending farther along the petiolule xi, c, 2 Merrill: Notes on the Flora of Borneo 89 on one side than on the other, nerves ad reticulations obsolete. Panicles terminal, about 20 cm long, the branches rather few, densely brownish-pubescent with short hairs, densely many- flowered. Flowers not seen. Pedicels in fruit pubescent, 3 to 4 mm long; persistent calyx sparingly rusty-pubescent, inequi- lateral, 3 to 4 mm in diameter. Pods glabrous, about 5 cm long, 1.4 cm wide, the basal seed-bearing portion somewhat turgid, nearly black when dry, very obscurely reticulate, subrhomboid- ovate in outline, about 1.5 cm long and 1.2 cm wide, the wing brown, shining, the upper side slightly curved, the style subper- sistent as a long slender apiculus up to 1.5 cm long, falling and leaving a very short apiculus, the wing broadly rounded at the apex, slightly narrowed above. Sarawak, Baram District, Lio-matu, Native collector 2761 (Bur. Sci.) (original number 12) October 29, 1914. A species manifestly allied to Pterolobium densiflontm Prain of the Malay Peninsula and P. microphyllum Miq. of Java. From the former it is distinguished by its shorter pinnae; rather fewer leaflets, which are smaller in size; its shorter inflorescence; and its rather wider wing, which is distinctly curved along the upper margin and not narrowly rounded at the apex. From Miquel’s species it is distinguished by its fewer pinnae and leaflets, larger leaflets, and pubescent pedicels. SPATHOLOBUS Hasskarl SPATHOLOBUS OBLONG I FOLI US sp. nov. Frutex scandens partibus junioribus inflorescentiisque exceptis glaber ; foliolis oblongis, usque ad 22 cm longis, acuminatis, basi acutis, nervis utrinque 9, prominentibus, adscendentibus, rhachi- bus haud productis ; paniculis axillaribus, dense tomentosis, sup- pyramidatis, pedunculatis, circiter 20 cm longis, floribus circiter 8 mm longis, in ramulis ultimis racemose dispositis; fructibus junioribus dense adpresse tomentosis. Scandent, glabrous or nearly so except the younger parts and the densely tomentose inflorescences. Branches terete, lenticel- late. Petioles glabrous, 5.5 to 7 cm long, not produced beyond the lateral leaflets, the stipels linear, about 3 mm long; leaflets oblong, subequally narrowed to the acute base and the rather prominently acuminate apex, pale or brownish and shining when dry, 18 to 20 cm long, 5 to 6.5 cm wide, coriaceous, the terminal one equilateral, the others more or less inequilateral, their petio- lules black when dry, 8 to 10 mm long ; lateral nerves 9 on each side of the midrib, prominent, ascending. Panicles axillary, about 20 cm long, peduncled, subpyramidal, the rachis and branches rather densely tomentose with spreading ferruginous hairs, these in age becoming rather pale. Flowers racemosely 90 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 disposed on the ultimate branchlets, about 8 mm long, their pedi- cels ferruginous-tomentose, about 2 mm long, the bracteoles min- ute, about 0.5 mm long. Calyx 4 mm long, pubescent, the lobes oblong, acute or acuminate, nearly 2 mm long, the upper two connate into a notched or retuse lobe. Standard 9 mm long, the limb orbicular, retuse, 5 to 6 mm in diameter, the claw slender. Wings and keel similar, oblong to oblong-obovate. Ovary pube- scent, narrowly oblong. Young fruit membranaceous, narrowly oblong-obovate to oblong, inequilateral, apex slightly falcate- rounded and apiculate, rather densely appressed-pubescent with pale-ferruginous hairs, when very young about 3 cm long and 1 cm wide, apparently much larger at maturity. Sarawak, Baram District, Mount Skiwa, Hose HI, December, 1894, in fruit; Apoh River, Hose A86 (type), in flower, November 20, 1894. A species well characterized by its tomentose inflorescence, its oblong, subequally narrowed leaves, and by the rachis not being produced beyond the lateral leaflets. In the last character this species approaches Spatho- lobus bracteolatus Prain of Perak; however, it is otherwise quite different from Prain’s species. SPATHOLOBUS AFFINIS sp. nov. Species praecedente affinis, differt rhichibus supra foliolis lateralibus distincte productis, petiolo usque ad 15 cm longo, foliolis majoribus, usque ad 9 cm latis, paniculis minus pube- scentibus, calycis lobis superioribus integris, haud retusis. Scandent, glabrous except the inflorescence. Leaves 3-folio- late, the petioles about 15 cm long, the rachis produced 1.5 cm above the insertion of the lateral leaflets. Leaflets coriaceous, lateral ones more or less inequilateral, the terminal equilateral, subolivaceous and shining when dry, base acute, apex acuminate, up to 25 cm long and 9 cm wide, the lateral nerves ascending, prominent, 9 or 10 on each side of the midrib; petiolules stout, 10 to 12 mm long. Inflorescences tripinnately paniculate, axil- lary, branched from the base, pyramidal, appressed subferrug- inous-pubescent. Flowers about 9 mm long, very similar to those of the preceding species, but the upper lobe of the calyx quite entire. Sarawak, Baram District, Mount Trekan, Hose 632, July, 1895, altitude about 600 meters. Manifestly closely allied to Spatholobus oblongifolius Merr., but distin- guished by its produced leaf rachis, much longer petioles, broader leaflets, and entire, not retuse or notched upper calyx-lobe. SPATHOLOBUS GYROCARPUS (Wall.) Benth. PL Jungh. (1852) 238. Sarawak, Baram District, Lio-matu, Native collector 2775 (Bur. Sci), October 31, 1914. Malay Peninsula and Luzon; new to Borneo. The specimen differs from xi, c, 2 Merrill: Notes on the Flora of Borneo 91 our Philippine material somewhat in leaf-shape, and in its duller indu- mentum, while the flowers are nearly sessile. Other than the three species considered above, and S. ferrugineus Benth., represented by Native collector 690 from near Kuching, there are at least three other distinct species represented in our Bornean collections, but the specimens are rather inadequate. DERR IS Loureiro DERRIS ELEGANS (Grah.) Benth. PI. Jungh. (1852) 252. Sarawak, Baram District, Hose 361, January, 1895. Tenasserim to the Andaman Islands, the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and the Philippines; new to Borneo. DERRIS DIADELPHA (Blanco) Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 5 (1910) Bot. 103 ( D . sinuata Wall.). Sarawak, near Kuching, Native collector 692, H05 (Bur. Sci.). Ceylon and India to Indo-China, the Philippines, and Malay Peninsula and Archipelago; new to Borneo. FORDIA Hemsley FORDIA ANGUSTIFOLIOLA sp. nov. Arbor glabra vel subglabra; foliis usque ad 40 cm longis, foliolis circiter 17, estipellatis, coriaceis, lanceolatis vel anguste lanceolatis, usque ad 14 cm longis et 3 cm latis, tenuiter acumi- natis, basi acutis, subtus pallidis, nervis utrinque circiter 8; racemis e ramis vetustioribus, usque ad 25 cm longis, multifloris ; floribus circiter 1 cm longis, brevissime pedicellatis. A nearly glabrous tree. Leaves up to 40 cm long, glabrous or nearly so. Leaflets about 17, coriaceous, estipellate, lanceo- late to narrowly lanceolate, 10 to 17 cm long, 2.5 to 3 cm wide, apex rather slenderly acuminate, base acute, the upper surface rather pale when dry, the lower much paler than the upper; lateral nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib, prominent, curved; petiolules 5 mm long or less. Racemes from the older branches, solitary or in pairs, up to 25 cm in length, many- flowered, sparingly pubescent. Pedicels about 1 mm long, some- what pubescent. Calyx cup-shaped, somewhat inequilateral, subtruncate, about 3 mm long and wide, the teeth broad, obscure, externally slightly pubescent. Standard externally subferrugi- neous-puberulent, about 10 mm long, 6 mm wide, retuse, spread- ing or reflexed in anthesis, narrowed below into a short, broad claw. Wings narrowly oblong, rounded, as long as the standard, about 1.8 mm wide, the claw slender, about 3 mm long; keel up to 2.5 mm wide, the claw equalling that of the wings. Stamens glabrous, the vexillary one free at the base, united with the others above. Ovary linear, minutely appressed-pubescent, nar- rowed upward into the slender curved style. Pod flat, about 2 cm wide, the valves much twisted when dry. 92 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 Sarawak, Matang Road, Native collector 198 (Bur. Sci.), January 3, 1911. Closely allied to Fordia coriacea Dunn, but distinguished by its much more numerous, narrower, glabrous leaflets which are acute at the base, and by its longer racemes. I have before me a specimen of Hose 75 on which Dunn’s species was in part based. CLITOREA Linnaeus CLITOREA CAJ AN I FOLIA (Presl) Benth. in Mart. FI. Bras. 15: 121. Sarawak, Santubong, Foxworthy 422; Tabaan, Native collector 703, 1038, 1905 (Bur. Sci.). A native of Brazil, now introduced and naturalized in Siam, the Malay Peninsula, Singapore, and Java; new to Borneo. CAN AVAL! A DeCandolle CAN AVALI A LINEATA (Thunb.) DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 404. Sarawak, Buntal, Native collector 1636 (Bur. Sci.); Baram District, Hose 54, 605, January and April, 1895. A littoral species of wide tropical distribution, not, however, before definitely recorded from Borneo. CAESALPINIA Linnaeus CAESALPINIA CRISTA Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 380 (C. bonduc L., C. bondu- cella Flem.). Sarawak, Santubong, Native collector 2213 (Bur. Sci.), along the sea- shore. Tropics of the world. DESMODIUM Desvaux DESMODIUM GYRO! DES (Roxb.) DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 326. Sarawak, Native collector 1410, 2025 (Bur. Sci.) ; Baram District, Miri River, Hose 515, January, 1895. New to Borneo. India to Formosa, southward to New Guinea. DESMODIUM UMBELLATUM (Linn.) DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 325. Sarawak, Native collector 1045, 1620, 2210 (Bur. Sci.) ; Baram District, Hose 264, December, 1894. New to Borneo; along tropical shores, Mascarene Islands and India to southern China, northern Australia, and Polynesia. DESMODIUM TRIFOLIASTRUM Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I1 (1855) 248. Sarawak, foot of Mount Santubong, Native collector 2319 (Bur. Sci.), February-June, 1914. Perak, Java, Mindanao, and New Guinea, probably also in other islands of the Malay Archipelago; new to Borneo. FLACOURTIACEAE CASEARIA Jacquin CASEARI A ELLI PTI FOLIA sp. nov. Arbor, foliis firme chartaceis, ellipticis, nitidis, subtus ad costa nervisque leviter pubescentibus, usque ad 11 cm longis, integris, basi acutis vel subacutis, apice late obtuse acuminatis, nervis utrinque circiter 8, prominentibus ; floribus axillaribus, fascicu- xi, c, 2 Merrill: Notes on the Flora of Borneo 93 latis, breviter pedicellatis, 5-meris, sepalis late ovatis, punctatis ; staminibus fertilibus 10, brevibus, staminoideis triangulari-ova- tis, acutis, apice ciliatis; fructibus ovoideis vel subellipsoideis, circiter 1 cm longis, glabris. A tree, the branchlets, petioles, and midrib and lateral nerves on the lower surface of the leaves more or less pubescent with short, subcinereous, appressed hairs, the older branchlets slender, terete, olivaceous, nearly glabrous. Leaves firmly chartaceous, elliptic, entire, 7 to 11 cm long, 3.5 to 5.5 cm wide, equilateral or nearly so, base acute or subacute, apex abruptly and obtusely short acuminate, the acumen often obscurely apiculate, shining, rather pale-olivaceous when dry; lateral nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib, prominent, slender, curved, scarcely anas- tomosing, the ultimate reticulations slender, close, subparallel; petioles 8 to 10 mm long, somewhat pubescent. Flowers in few- flowered, axillary fascicles, but one or two developing at one time, their pedicels sparingly pubescent, about 1.5 mm long, the subtending bracteoles broadly ovate, somewhat pubescent, 1 to 1.5 mm long. Calyx in fruit about 4.5 mm in diameter, the lobes somewhat pubescent, broadly ovate, usually obtuse, 1.5 to 2 mm long. Fertile stamens 10, about 1 mm long; staminodes triangular-ovate, acute, about 1 mm long, apex ciliate, the tube somewhat united with the calyx below. Fruit ovoid or some- what ellipsoid, glabrous, somewhat rugose when dry, up to 1 cm in length; seeds 6, about 5 mm long, the aril not lacerate. Sarawak, Baram District, Miri River, Hose 528, January, 1895. A species well characterized by its elliptic, entire leaves and its triangular- ovate, acute staminodes. CASEARI A HOSEI sp. nov. Arbor (vel frutex) ramulis subtus foliis ad costa nervisque fioribusque plus minusve cinereo-puberulis, ramis teretibus, ra- mulis plus minusve angulatis; foliis integris, oblongis, acumin- atis, firme chartaceis, nitidis, in siccitate brunneis, usque ad 17 cm longis, basi leviter inaequilateralibus, rotundatis ad subacutis, nervis utrinque circiter 9; floribus fasciculatis, breviter pedicel- latis, 5-meris, staminibus 10. A tree or shrub, the branchlets, lower surface of the leaves on the midrib and lateral nerves, and the flowers rather minutely cinereous-puberulent. Branches terete, glabrous or nearly so, very dark-brownish-red when dry, the branchlets nearly black. Leaves oblong, entire, firmly chartaceous, brown and shining when dry, 11 to 17 cm long, 3 to 6 cm wide, the upper surface quite glabrous, |the lower puberulent on the midrib and lateral 94 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 nerves, apex distinctly acuminate, acumen usually blunt or slightly apiculate, base somewhat inequilateral, subacute to rounded; lateral nerves about 9 on each side of the midrib, prominent, curved and obscurely anastomosing, the reticulations fine ; petioles puberulent, about 8 mm long. Flowers in axillary fascicles, the subtending bracteoles broadly ovate, acuminate, 1 mm long, slightly pubescent. Pedicels 1 to 1.5 mm long, cinereous-puberulent. Sepals 5, oblong, obtuse, about 2.5 mm long, externally sparingly cinereous-pubescent with short hairs. Stamens 10, the filaments alternately long and short, up to 1.5 mm in length, the alternating staminodes oblong-linear, densely villous at the apex, otherwise sparingly pubescent, about 1 mm long. Ovary narrowly ovoid, glabrous, the style slightly ciliate, the ovary and style about 2 mm long; stigma capitate. Sarawak, Baram District, Long Lama, Hose U83 (type), October, 1894; Mount Murud, Native collector 2932 (Bur. Sci.), December 6, 1914. A species characterized by its oblong, entire, slightly inequilateral, acu- minate leaves, which are puberulent on the midrib and lateral nerves beneath; its dark-colored, cinereous-puberulent branchlets; and 5-merous, puberulent flowers. Its innovations, including the very young leaves, are rather densely subferruginous pubescent. CASEARI A MINUTIDENS sp. nov. Arbor, ramulis subtus foliis ad costa nervisque floribusque prominente pubescentibus ; foliis oblongis, firme chartaceis usque ad 10 cm longis, in siccitate brunneis, acuminatis, pellucido- punctatis, basi leviter inaequilateralibus, late rotundatis vel sub- truncatis, margine minute glanduloso-denticulatis, nervis utrin- que 7 ad 9, prominentibus ; floribus fasciculatis, pedicellatis, 5- meris; staminibus fertilibus 10, staminoideis 0.3 mm longis, oblongis, truncatis, villosis ; ovario dense villoso. A tree, the younger parts, lower surface of the leaves on the midrib and lateral nerves rather prominently pubescent with short, spreading, yellowish-cinereous or cinereous hairs, the in- dumentum on the innovations somewhat ferruginous. Branches and branchlets slender, dark-colored when dry, the latter some- what angular. Leaves pellucid-punctate, brownish when dry, firmly chartaceous, in general oblong to ovate-oblong, 6 to 10 cm long, 3 to 4.5 cm wide, dull or slightly shining when dry, base broad, abruptly rounded to subtruncate, slightly inequilateral, apex rather abruptly acuminate, the acumen 1 cm long or less, usually acute, margins with numerous, very minute, glandlike teeth, not at all crenulate, the upper surface glabrous !or some- what pubescent along the midrib; lateral nerves 7 to 9 on each side of the midrib, prominent, somewhat ascending, these with xi, c, 2 Merrill: Notes on the Flora of Borneo 95 the midrib and, to a less degree, the reticulations prominently pubescent; petioles pubescent, about 3 mm long. Flowers 5- merous, in axillary fascicles, their pubescent pedicels about 2 mm long. Sepals 5, elliptic, rounded, pubescent, 2 to 2.5 mm long. Fertile stamens 10, glabrous, the alternating staminodes forming a very short tube, narrowly oblong, truncate, villous at the tip, 0.3 mm long. Ovary narrowly ovoid, densely villous, including the cylindric-capititate stigma about 1.7 mm long. Sarawak, Baram District, Entoyut River, Hose U07, August 11, 1894. Manifestly in the group with Casearia grewiaefolia Vent., but with fewer lateral nerves. Above all easily distinguished by its numerous, minute, glandlike teeth. CASEARIA PUBESCENS sp. nov. Arbor, ramulis subtus foliis ad costa nervisque floribusque prominente pubescentibus ; foliis oblongis, integris, usque ad 20 cm longis, chartaceis, abrupte acuminatis, basi aequilateralibus, rotundatis, breviter petiolatis, nervis utrinque 12, prominentibus ; floribus axillaribus, fasciculatis, breviter pedicellatis, 5-meris, staminibus fertilibus 10 ; ovario pubescente. A tree, the branchlets, flowers, and the lower surface of the leaves, especially on the midrib and lateral nerves, prominently pubescent with short, spreading, pale-brownish or somewhat tawny, rather soft hairs. Leaves oblong, chartaceous, brownish- olivaceous when dry, dull or slightly shining, 11 to 20 cm long, 5.5 to 8.5 cm wide, the apex rather abruptly acuminate, the acu- men 1 to 1.5 cm long, rather blunt, base equilateral, rounded, margins entire, the upper surface glabrous, or somewhat pubes- cent along the midrib; lateral nerves 12 on each side of the midrib, prominent, curved-ascending, scarcely anastomosing, the reticulations fine; petioles pubescent, stout, about 5 mm long. Fascicles axillary, the bracteoles very numerous, ovate, acute or acuminate, pubescent, about 1 mm long, forming a dense sub- globose mass up to 5 mm in diameter, but few flowers developing at one time. Pedicels pubescent, about 1 mm long. Buds sub- globose. Sepals 5, elliptic, concave, rounded, densely pubescent, in bud about 2 mm long. Fertile stamens 10. Ovary ovoid, rather densely pubescent with cinereous or pale hairs, the style very short. Sarawak, Baram District, Entoyut River, Hose b5b, November, 1894. Apparently as closely allied to Casearia philippinensis Merr. as any other species; readily distinguished, however, by its leaves not being gradually narrowed upward but abruptly acuminate, rounded, not acute at the base, and its densely pubescent ovary. From C. lobbiana Turcz. it is distinguished by its more numerous lateral nerves and pubescent flowers. 96 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 CASEARI A LEUCOLEPIS Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 31 (1858) 463. Sarawak, Baram District, Baram, Hose 79, December, 1894. This species was originaly described from Singapore, based on Lobb 468 so localized. In some herbaria, however, Lobb’s plant is localized as “Luzon.” Lobb collected in Singapore, Java, Borneo, and Luzon, and it is a well-known fact that his specimens were often erroneously localized; see Merrill in Philip. Journ. Sci. 10 (1915) Bot. 184. King 7 does not recognize the species as occurring in the Malay Peninsula, and Stapf ‘ gives its range as from Java and Borneo to the Philippines. Koorders,9 however, does not admit it as Javan. It is probable that Lobb’s specimen was from Borneo, not from Luzon, Java, or Singapore. I have seen no Philippine material that I can refer to Casearia leucolepis Turcz. Hose’s specimen cited above agrees very closely with the fragment of Lobb’s plant that I have for comparison, and I believe that they represent the same species. CASEARIA I M PRESSI N ERVI A sp. nov. Arbor, ramulis, subtus foliis ad costa nervisque floribusque griseo- vel cinereo-puberulis vel pubescentibus ; foliis oblongis, coriaceis, integris, acute acuminatis, basi acutis, usque ad 8 cm longis, nervis utrinque circiter 8, curvato-adscendentibus, prom- inentibus, supra impressis; floribus 5-meris, axillaribus fasci- culatis, breviter pedicellatis, sepalis 3.5 mm longis, obtusis; staminibus fertilibus 10, staminoideis anguste oblongis, sursum dense villosis; ovario glabro vel supra leviter ciliato. A tree, size not indicated, the branches and branchlets nearly black when dry, the former glabrous, the latter somewhat pubes- cent or puberulent, somewhat angled, the internodes about 1 cm long. Leaves coriaceous, oblong, entire, 6 to 8 cm long, 2 to 3 cm wide, sharply acuminate, base acute, equilateral or nearly so, the upper surface quite glabrous, dark-brown and shining when dry, the lower somewhat paler, pubescent with short, rather pale, spreading hairs along the midrib and lateral nerves ; lateral nerves 8 on each side of the midrib, curved-ascending, prominent, distinctly impressed on the upper surface, obscurely anastomosing, the reticulations very slender; petioles 7 to 10 mm long, somewhat pubescent. Flowers rather numerous, in axillary fascicles, their pedicels slightly pubescent, about 2 mm long. Sepals 5, oblong, obtuse, somewhat pubescent, about 3.5 mm long. Stamens 10, the longer about 2 mm in length, the alternating five slightly shorter; staminodes narrowly oblong, densely villous above, nearly glabrous below, about 1.2 mm long. Ovary narrowly ovoid, glabrous, or the upper part and lowrer ’Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 672 (1898) 14-18. * Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4J (1894) 164. s Exkurs. FI. Java. 2 (1912) 635. xi, c, 2 Merrill: Notes on the Flora of Borneo 97 portion of the style sparingly ciliate, including the short style about 2.5 mm long. Sarawak, Native collector 1731 (Bur. Sci.). Similar to Casearia hosei Merr., but with much smaller, sharply acumi- nate leaves with fewer nerves, which are impressed on the upper surface. In the Bornean species Casearia laurina Bl., and C. capitellata Bl. the leaves are obtusely acuminate, and they differ in various other characters. FLACOURTIA L. Heritier FLACOURTIA RUKAM Zoll. & Mor. Syst. Verzeich. (1854) 33. Sarawak, Retuh, Sadong, Native collector 2527 (Bur. Sci.). This species, not previously definitely credited to Borneo, extends from Burma and the Malay Peninsula to the Philippines, through the Malay Archipelago to Samoa ( Vaupel 219). The Bornean specimen has the midrib rather densely pubescent, and some of the leaves present as many as nine pairs of lateral nerves, but it is manifestly referable to this species. HOMALIUM Jacquin HOMALIUM MOULTON 1 1 sp. nov. § Myriantheia, Eumyriantheia. Arbor inflorescentiis exceptis glabra ; foliis oblongo-ovatis ad oblongo-ellipticis, coriaceis, nitidis, integris, vel obscure den- ticulatis, acuminatis, basi subrotundatis ad acutis, usque ad 10 cm longis, nervis utrinque circiter 8 ; inflorescentiis racemosis, racemis elongatis, puberulis; floribus 10-meris, circiter 5 mm diametro sepalis petalisque linearibus; staminibus 20, glandulis magnis, dense tomentosis. A tree, glabrous except the inflorescence. Branches and branchlets, rather slender, terete, reddish-brown, glabrous. Leaves olivaceous when dry, shining, coriaceous, oblong-ovate to oblong-elliptic, 7 to 10 cm long, 3 to 5.5 cm wide, entire or ob- scurely and distantly denticulate, apex distinctly acuminate, acu- men blunt, base acute to somewhat rounded ; lateral nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib, slender, distinct, curved, anastomos- ing, the reticulations distinct ; petioles about 5 mm long, pruinose. Racemes axillary, solitary, slender, cinereous-puberulent, up to 18 cm in length. Flowers 10-merous, the narrowly funnel-shaped tube cinereous-pubescent, merging with the short pedicel; the flower, including the tube and pedicel, about 5 mm long, 5 mm in diameter. Sepals 10, linear, pubescent, in anthesis about 2 mm long. Petals similar to the sepals, slightly wider below, some of them eventually nearly 3 mm in length. Stamens 20, their filaments about 1 mm long, intermingled with the large, densely tomentose glands, which completely fill the throat of the perianth ; styles 3 or 4, short, glabrous. Sarawak, near the foot of Mount Santubong, Native collector 2376 (Bur. Sci.), February-June, 1914. 140974 — 4 98 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 A very characteristic species, the third of the genus to be reported from Borneo; well characterized by its elongated, axillary, puberulent or pubescent racemes; its 10-merous, rather small flowers; its linear sepals and petals; and its large, densely tomentose glands, that completely fill the throat of the perianth-tube. Dedicated to Mr. J. C. Moulton, director of the Sarawak Museum. HOMALIUM HOSEI sp. nov. § Myriantheia, Eumyriantheia. Arbor, inflorescentiis parce pubescentibus exceptis glabra ; foliis coriaceis, integris vel leviter crenulatis, ovatis ad oblongo- ovatis, nitidis, usque ad 16 cm longis, obtuse acuminatis, basi rotundatis ad subacutis, in siccitate supra subolivaceis, subtus castaneis vel brunneis, nervis utrinque circiter 7 ; racemis axil- laribus, solitariis, ad 9 cm longis ; floribus 5-meris, cum pedicellis circiter 8 mm longis, calycis anguste infundibuliformibus, se- palis 5, coriaceis, anguste ovatis, obtusis, petalis dense pallide pubescentibus, oblongo-ovatis, obtusis; staminibus 15, filamentis glabris, 2 ad 2.5 mm longis. A tree, glabrous except the inflorescence. Branches and branchlets grayish or brownish. Leaves thickly coriaceous, ovate to oblong-ovate, 7 to 16 cm long, 4 to 7 cm wide, entire or somewhat crenulate or crenate, apex distinctly acuminate, the acumen blunt, base rounded to subacute, when dry shining, the upper surface subolivaceous, the lower castaneous or brown; lateral nerves about 7 on each side of the midrib, prominent, curved, anastomosing, the reticulations distinct; petioles 2 to 3 mm long. Racemes axillary, solitary, sparingly pubescent, 7 to 8 cm long. Flowers mostly in groups of twos or threes, spread- ing or reflexed, including the short pedicels about 8 mm long, the pedicels and calyx very slightly pubescent. Calyx-tube brown when dry, slightly sulcate, narrowly funnel-shaped. Se- pals 5, coriaceous, brown when dry, nearly glabrous, oblong- ovate, narrowed upward, obtuse, 2.3 to 3 mm long. Petals about as long as the sepals, densely pale-pubescent, oblong-ovate, obtuse. Stamens in groups of threes opposite each petal, their filaments glabrous, 2 to 2.5 mm long. Styles 4, appressed- hirsute, 2.5 to 3 mm long. Sarawak, Baram District, Baram, Hose 409 (type), December, 1894. Here I also refer Hose 128, 270, from the same locality, and Native collector 1377, 1943 (Bur. Sci.), these four specimens presenting only very immature flowers. The species is readily distinguished by its floral characters. OSM ELIA Thwaites OSM ELIA BORNEENSIS sp. nov. Arbor dioica partibus junioribus inflorescentiisque exceptis glabra ; foliis oblongis, usque ad 17 cm longis, in siccitate brun- xi, c, 2 Merrill: Notes on the Flora of Borneo 99 neis, chartaceis, integris vel obscure crenulatis, prominente acu- minatis, basi acutis, nervis utrinque 5 ad 8, prominentibus ; inflorescentiis racemosis, 3 et ? quam foliis multo longioribus; floribus numerosis, 4-meris, sepalis glabris; fructibus circiter 1 cm longis, dense tomentosis. A dioecious tree, glabrous except the young branchlets, very young leaves, and inflorescences. Branches slender, terete, us- ually pale-gray, the young branchlets minutely appressed cinereous-puberulent. Leaves oblong, entire or very obscurely crenulate, brown and slightly shining when dry, 8 to 17 cm long, 3 to 6.5 cm wide, base acute, apex rather slenderly and prom- inently acuminate, the acumen 1 to 1.5 cm long, usually apiculate, both surfaces quite glabrous or the midrib and lateral nerves beneath minutely and obscurely puberulent; lateral nerves 5 to 8 on each side of the midrib, prominent, curved, anastomosing, the reticulations very slender; petioles usually about 1 cm long; stipules linear-acicular, 3 to 4 mm long. Staminate and pistillate racemes in the uppermost axil, sometimes in lower axils, usually simple, rarely with a single elongated branch from the lower part, up to 30 cm in length, both much exceeding the leaves in anthesis, appressed-pubescent with pale hairs. Flowers num- erous, few in the axil of each bract, the pedicels about 1 mm long, pubescent, the acuminate bracts about as long as the pedi- cels. Flowers all 4-merous. Sepals broadly ovate to elliptic ovate, membranaceous, glabrous, rounded, of the staminate flowers 2.5 to 3 mm long, of the pistillate ones about 2 mm long. Scales densely pale-pubescent, about 1.5 mm long. Rudimentary ovary of the staminate flowers oblong, densely pubescent, shortly stipitate, about 2 mm long; filaments slightly pubescent below, about 3 mm long, those of the pistillate flowers about 1 mm in length. Ovary globose, densely pubescent, tipped by three short glabrous styles. Fruit about 1 cm long, oblong, usually some- what inequilateral, with three rounded angles, densely pale- tomentose. Seeds ellipsoid, about 5 mm long. Sarawak, Baram District, Marudi, Hose 323 (type) ; Lembang, Hose 747; various localities in the vicinity of Kuching, Native collector 642, 643, 1143, 1144, 1145, 1152, 1168, 1826, 1908 (Bur. Sci.). This small genus has previously not been reported from Borneo, the known species being Osmelia paniculata Warb. ( O . gardneri Thw.) of Ceylon, O. maingayi King of the Malay Peninsula, O. celebica Koord. of Celebes and Mindanao, and three Philippine species, O. conferta Benth., O. philippinensis Benth., and O. subrotundifolia Elm. The species above described appears to be most closely allied to Osmelia maingayi King, from which it differs in its usually simple, elongated racemes, its glabrous leaves, and its entirely glabrous sepals. 100 The Philippine Journal of Science RYPAROSA Blume RYPAROSA ACUMINATA sp. nov. Arbor, ramulis adpresse hirsutis, inflorescentiis $ elongatis, dense adpresse ferrugineo-hirsutis ; foliis oblongis, subcoriaceis, tenuiter acute acuminatis, usque ad 22 cm longis, basi acutis, subtus pallidis, nervis utrinque 3 vel 4, curvato-adscendentibus, prominentibus ; racemis $ axillaribus, solitariis, usque ad 30 cm longis, floribus numerosis, breviter pedicellatis, sepalis petalisque circiter 3 mm longis. A tree, the branchlets and the leaves on the midrib and lateral nerves on the lower surface appressed-hirsute, the staminate racemes densely ferruginous appressed-hirsute. Leaves oblong, subcoriaceous, 12 to 22 cm long, 3.5 to 7 cm wide, the upper surface pale-olivaceous, smooth, shining, the lower pale, sub- glaucous, the base acute, the apex slenderly and acutely acum- inate, the acumen 1 to 2 cm in length; lateral nerves 3 or 4 on each side of the midrib, prominent, curved-ascending, the reticulations distinct; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm long. Male racemes axillary, solitary, 15 to 30 cm long, apparently floriferous throughout, but the lower flowers caducous. Pedicels pubescent, about 1.5 mm long. Sepals three, elliptic-ovate to elliptic, 2.5 to 3 mm long, appressed ferruginous-hirsute. Petals 5, mem- branaceous, oblong-ovate, acute or somewhat acuminate, some- what pubescent, the basal scale densely ciliate, about 1 mm in diameter. Staminal column glabrous, 2.5 to 3 mm long, slender, somewhat thickened upward ; anthers five, 1 mm long, forming a depressed-globose head. Sarawak, Baram District, Miri River, Hose 501, January, 1905. The second species of the genus to' be reported from Borneo, readily distinguished from the other described forms by its slenderly and sharply acuminate, few-nerved leaves. Hose 430 possibly represents Ryparosa longi- pedunculata Boerl., a Javan species, but the flowers are quite too young to warrant a definite determination of it. VIOLACEAE RINOREA Aublet R [ NOR E A ANGUIFERA (Lour.) O. Ktze. var. NERVOSA (Capit.). Alsodeia echinocarpa Korth. var. nervosa Capit. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 57 (1910) 394. Sarawak, Native collector 438, 878, 1370 (Bur. Sci.) ; Samatan, Fox- worthy 168, May 2, 1908. The above specimens are apparently referable to Capitaine’s variety, which is here transferred to Rinorea anguifera. Medusa anguifera Lour., FI. Cochinch. (1790) 406, supplies the oldest specific name for the species. PUBLICATIONS FOR SALE BY THE BUREAU OF SCIENCE, MANILA, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS— Continued BOTANY A FLORA OF MANILA By Elmer D. Merrill Order No. 419, Paper, 490 pages, $2.50, postpaid. Practically a complete flora of the cul- tivated areas in the Philippines. Descrip- tions, with keys, of over 1,000 speoies, 590 genera, and 136 families, with native names, glossary of technical terms, etc. PHILIPPINE DIPTEROCARP FORESTS By William H. Brown and Donald M. Mathews Order No. 432. Paper, 150 pages, 1 map, 13 plates, and 12 diagrams, $1.00, postpaid. 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Paper, 53 pages, 20 plates, $0.75, postpaid. In A Manual of Philippine Silk Culture are presented the results of several years’ actual work with silk-producing larvae to- gether with a description of the new Philip- pine race. THE PHILIPPINE Journal of Science C. Botany VOL. XI MAY, 1916 No. 3 THE AMBOINA PTERIDOPHYTA COLLECTED BY C. B. ROBINSON 1 By C. R. W. K. van Alderwerelt van Rosenburgh (Buitenzorg, Java) The present paper consists of an enumeration of the Pterido- phyta collected by the late Dr. C. B. Robinson in Amboina. The object of his field work there was to collect a series of specimens that should represent the forms actually described by Rumphius in the Herbarium Amboinense, so far as such material can definitely be connected with the Rumphian descriptions. The definite or suggested identifications with the Rumphian species cited in this paper, are for the most part those made by Doctor Robinson during the prosecution of his field work in Amboina, July 15, 1913, the date of his arrival there, to December 5, 1913, the date of his untimely death. The entire collection was divided into two series: First, those that can definitely or fairly definitely be referred to species figured and described, or merely described, by Rumphius ; and, second, those that were apparently unknown to Rumphius, or at least that were not described or figured by him. The former are to be distributed with special labels, Plantae Rhumphianae Amboinenses, with 1 The present paper is the first publication to be issued on the results of the field work of the late Dr. C. B. Robinson in Amboina. Work on the remainder of the collection is being prosecuted as rapidly as possible and it is hoped that the whole can be prepared and issued at no distant date. The complete publication, as being prepared, will consist of a critical con- sideration of the Rumphian species so far as their status can be determined, worked out not from a study of literature alone like the interpretations of Burmann, Stickman, Linnaeus, Henschel, and, to a large degree, Hass- karl, but from a study of the literature supplemented by the fairly comprehensive Amboina collections now available through the active field work of Doctor Robinson. In view of the special plan on which this proposed work is being pre- pared, it has been considered best to publish the present paper without delay and in its present form. [E. D. M.] 141512 101 102 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 both the modern and the Rumphian names, the latter in a second series, Reliquiae Robinsonianae. Appended to this paper is a complete list of the Pteridophyta described by Rumphius with their modern equivalents so far as these have definitely been determined. HYMENOPHYLLACEAE TRICHOMANES Linnaeus TRICHOMANES CUPRESSOIDES Desv. Prodr. (1827) 330; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 103. Amboina, Heotoemoeri road, Rel. Robins. 2388, September 30, 1913; Hitoe messen, Rel. Robins. 2478, October 18, 1913, altitude about 300 meters. Distrib.: Tropical Asia, Madagascar, Mascarenes, Comores, Seychelles. TRICHOMANES DIFFUSUM Bl. Enum. PI. Jav. (1828) 225; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 90. Amboina, Lateri, Rel. Robins. 1940, September 9, 1913, on trees, altitude 300 meters. Distrib.: Java, Amboina. TRICHOMANES HUMILE Forst. Prodr. (1786) 84; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 94. Amboina, Soja, Rel. Robins. 1944, 1976, August, 1913, on rocks, altitude 400 meters. Distrib.: Malaya to Formosa, Polynesia, Australia, New Zealand. TRICHOMANES JAVANICUM Bl. Enum. PI. Jav. (1828) 224; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns. 799. Amboina, Soja, Rel. Robins. 1964, August 31, 1913, on rocks, altitude about 375 meters. Distrib.: Tropical Asia, Malaya, Polynesia, and Australia. TRICHOMANES MEIFOLIUM Bory in Willd. Sp. PI. 5 (1870) 509; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 105. Var. A LATUM v. A. v. R. 1. c. Amboina, Salahoetoe, Rel. Robins. 1966, November 27, 1913, terrestrial, altitude about 800 meters. Distrib.: Malaya to Polynesia. TRICHOMANES PALLIDUM Bl. Enum. PI. Jav. (1828) 225; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 93 (exclud. Craspedoneuron album v. d. B.). Amboina, Salahoetoe, Rel. Robins. 2589, November 27, 1913, on trees, altitude about 750 meters. Distrib.: Tropical Asia to Polynesia. TRICHOMANES MINUTISSIMUM v. A. v. R. sp. nov. Plate V, fig. 1. Hemiphlebium. — Rhizoma filiforme, decidue et obscure tomen- tosum. Stipites seriati, 0-2 mm longi, cum parte inferiore xi, c, 3 v. A. v. Rosenburgh: Amboina Pteridophyta 103 costae decidue et obscure tomentosi. Frondes tenues, 4-5 mm longae, 1-4 mm latae, costatae, apice rotundatae vel rotundato- truncatae, venis pinnatim dispositis, in frondibus latissimis si- mulate flabellatis, in frondibus angustissimis erecto-patentibus, venulis spuriis paucis venis parallelibus ; frondes steriles rotun- dato-oblongae, late ovatae vel cuneato-obovatae, integerrimae vel subintegerrimae, apice nunc integrae nunc emarginatae ad 2-lobatae, costa apicem versus sensim evanescente; frondes fer- tiles cuneato-obovate vel lineari-cuneatae, apice emarginatae ad 2-fidae, costa in sinu terminante. Sori ad costam terminales et solitarii, exserti, sessiles vel breviter pedunculati; indusium in- fundibuliforme, limbo dilatato, 2-valvi, valvis patentibus, semi- orbicularibus ; receptaculum exsertum, fragile. Amboina, Soja, Rel. Robins. 1944 p. p., August 2, 1913, on rhizomes of Trichomanes humile Forst. TRICHOMANES PERVENULOSUM v. A. v. R. sp. nov. Plate V, fig. 2. Gonocormus. — Rhizoma repens, filiforme, copiose ramosum, probabiliter caespitosum, ferrugineo-tomentosum, demum saepe glabrum. Stipites sparsi, filiformes, 0.5 ad 5 mm longi. Fron- des tenuissimae, glabrae, simplices vel saepius 2-3-fidae, basi cuneatae ad anguste longe decurrentes, segmentis primariis erectis, erecto-patentibus vel patentibus, simplicibus vel furcatis vel raro irregulariter f urcato-flabellatis ; fronde simplices linea- res, 5 ad 15 mm longae, 1.5 ad 2 mm latae, costatae, integerrimae, apice rotundate et interdum emarginatae; frondes divisae, 5 ad 20 mm longae, 3 ad 20 mm latae, segmentis ultimis brevissimis vel usque ad 15 mm longis, parte superiore frondium simplicium similibus ; venae desunt ; venulae spuriae adsunt, copiosae, breves, rectae vel leviter curvatae flexuosaeque, erecto-patentes vel costae marginive parallelae. Sori 1 vel plures, ad frondem simplicem vel ad segmenta frondium divisarum solitarii terminales- que; indusium infundibuliforme, immersum, limbo dilatato, patenti, vix 2-valvi; receptaculum non vel breviter exsertum. Amboina, Hitoe lama, Rel. Robins. 1947, November 6, 1913, on limestone rocks, altitude about 100 meters. This species resembles in aspect Trichomanes Aswijkii Rac., which, however, is larger and without spurious venules. CYATHEACEAE ALSOPH1LA R. Brown ALSOPHILA AM BOI N ENSIS v. A. v. R. sp. nov. Stipites 50 cm superantes, in sicco ± fusci, gibbis brevibus, conicis, acutis aculeati, decidue ferrugineo-furfuracei. Frondes 104 The Philippine Journal of Science m6 3-pinnatifidae, rachide primaria in parte inferiore aculeolata, cum rachidibus secundariis supra pubescenti, juvenili subtus probabiliter furfuraceo-tomentosa et squamulosa; pili (partis ventralis) breves, patentes, incurvati, rufi vel castanei; tomen- tum (partis dorsalis) ochraceum; squamulae anguste subulatae vel filiformes, fuscae. Pinnae patentes, breviter petiolatae, acuminatae, rachide apicem versus anguste alata; pinnae maxi- mae ovato-lanceolatae, usque ad ± 50 cm longae et 17.5 cm latae ; pinnae inferiores valde remotae, reductae. Pinnulae firmiter herbaceae vel subcoriaceae, glabrae, usque ad 20-25 utrinque, breviter petiolulatae, obliquae vel inferiores patentes vel hori- zontales, profunde pinnatifidae, basi cuneato-truncatae, apice longe acuminato, subcaudato, grossius serrato-dentatae, costa supra fusco-puberula, cum costulis subtus squamulis minutis, ovatis, bullatis, acuminatis, pallidis (squamulis minus bullatis intermixtis) munita; pinnulae maximae ± 9 cm longae et 1.5 cm latae. Segmenta conferta vel approximata, patentia vel subhor- izontalia, lineari-oblonga, recta vel subfalcata, usque ad 1 cm longa et 3 mm lata, parte inferiore crenata vel crenulata, apicem obtusiusculum vel acutiusculum versus serrato-dentata, venis usque ad 8-10 utrinque, furcatis, superioribus simplicibus. Sori subcostulares, venas inferiores occupantes, usque ad ± 6 utrinque, demum confluentes; capsulae pilis hyalinis, articulatis (capsulas non conspicue superantibus) intermixtae. Amboina, Hatiwe, Robinson PI. Rumph. Amb. U6U, September 15, 1913, in forests, altitude 300 meters; Soja, Robinson PI. Rumph. Amb. Jf65, August 4, 1913, in forests, altitude 400 meters. Representing: Palmafilix nigra Rumph. Herb. Amb. VI, 65 (tab. XXVII?). The esential parts of Doctor Robinson’s notes regarding this tree fern are as follows: Trunk 4 to 5 m high, 8 to 10 cm in diameter, somewhat spiny. Fronds tripinate, about 2.5 m long, narrowly elliptic in outline; pinnae about 35 on each side of the rachis. The stipes run down on the trunk, which has a tendency to branch. ALSOPHILA RUM PH I AN A v. A. v. R. sp. nov. Frondes 3-pinnatifidae, rachide in sicco subfusca, gibbis mi- nutis, oblongis, apice atro-brunneis scabra, subtus decidue fur- furaceo-tomentosa, supra hispida et paleacea; tomentum pallide ochraceum ; pili longiusculi, pallide ochracei, longitudinaliter subappressi, setis articulatis, patentibus, basi rufis (sursum in- terdum applanatis, non-articulatis, pallide flavidis, breviter cilio- latis) intermixti; paleae longae, anguste subulato-lanceolatae, pallide flavidae, pilis brevibus, suberectis, acutis, rufis ciliolatae. Pinnae breviter petiolatae, ± 50 cm longae, acuminatae, rachide xi, c, 3 v. A. v. Rosenburgh: Amboina Pteridophyta 105 (cum costis) laevi vel sublaevi, subtus decidue pallide furfuracea, supra pilis proportione longis, subappressis copiose vestita. Pin- nulae herbaceae, glabrae, confertae vel approximatae, sessiles, horizontales vel subhorizontales, profunde pinnati-partitae, acu- minatae, acumine obtusiusculo, apicem versus serrato vel crenato, deorsum grosse dentato; pinnulae centrales maximae, ca. 11 cm longae et basi truncata ca. 2.5 cm latae. Segmenta approximata, subhorizontalia, lineari-oblonga, usque ad 1.25 cm longa et 3 mm lata, obtusa vel obtusiuscula, crenata, basi dilatata; crenae sim- plices, retusae vel 2-3-crenulatae, certe inferiores ciliatae, ciliis patentibus, articulatis, ad apicem venularum solitariis ; segmenta infima non raro libera, horizontalia et basi non dilatata; segmenta fertilia supra ad locos receptaculorum non profunde sed distincte impressa; costulae et venae supra pilis setiformibus sparsis, acutis, pallide flavidis munitae; costulae subtus squamulosae, squamulis minutis, ovatis, bullatis, acuminatis, acumine graciliter fimbriato; venae usque ad 12-15 utrinque, subtus leviter promi- nentes, furcatae ad duplicato-furcatae, superiores simplices. Sori ad venas inferiores, usque ad 8 utrinque, subcostulares ; capsulae pilis breviusculis (capsulas non vel vix superantibus), articulatis, fuscis intermixtae. Amboina, Hitoe messen, Robinson PL Rumph. Amb. 463, October 14, 1913, in light forest, altitude 175 meters. Representing: Palmafilix alba Rumph. Herb. Amb. VI, 63. Doctor Robinson’s notes on this plant are as follows: Twelve meters high, trunk 14 cm in diameter, the basal part densely covered with purple- black fibrils, this fibrous portion about three-fifths of the whole diameter of the trunk at the base, but the fibers mostly absent above. Fronds about twenty-five, 3 m long, the stipe about 5.5 cm. wide at the base, up to 1 m to the first pinnae, the pinnae about fifteen on each side, alternate, the lower three to eight about equal in length and longer than those above. POLYPODIACEAE DRYOPTERIS Adanson DRYOPTERIS DIDYMOSORA (Parish) C. Chr. Ind. Fil. (1906) 262; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 225. D. parasitica 0. Ktze., conf. C. Chr. in Ark. for Bot. 9 11 : 26, fig. 4. Nephrodium didymosorum Parish ex Bedd. Ferns Brit. Ind. (1866) t. 200. Amboina, Rel. Robins. 1959, July 23, 1913, riverside, town of Amboina, locally known as paku. bau busuk. Robinson’s specimen agrees almost exactly with Beddome’s plate men- tioned above. The sori, however, are apparently smaller, and the conti- guous pairs placed so closely, that each pair of sori seems to be a single sorus only. New to Amboina. Distrib.: Northern India, southern China, and the Malay Peninsula (?). 106 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 DRYOPTERIS FEROX (Bl.) 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. 2 (1891) 812; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 221. Aspidium ferox Bl. Enum. PI. Jav. (1828) 153. Amboina, near the town of Amboina, Robinson PI. Rumph. Amb. 439, July 23, 1913, river banks, altitude about 10 meters, “pinnae 25 to 40 on each side of the rachis.” Representing: Filix amboinica mas (sive agrestis) Rumph. Herb. Amboin. VI, 69. Distrib.: Malaya. DRYOPTERIS INTERMEDIA (Bl.) 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. 2 (1891) 813; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 199; Dryopteries rhodolepis C. Chr. Ind. Fil. (1906) 288 p. p. Aspidium intermedium Bl. Enum. PI. Jav. (1828) 161. Amboina, Hitoe messen, Rel. Robins. 1956, altitude about 450 meters. Somewhat larger than usual, and the lowest pinnae broader, much produced on the lower side. Distrib.: Malaya. DRYOPTERIS PSEUDO-ARBUSCULA v. A. v. R. sp. nov. Nephrodium. — Rhizoma breviter trunciforme, apice squamis longis, subulatis, integerrimis, pallide fuscis vestitum. Stipites conferti, infra pinnas reductas 2.5 ad 3.5 cm longi, breviter his- pidi. Frondes lanceolatae, 20 ad 25 cm longae, ad mediam 5 ad 6 cm latae, acuminatae, rachide pilis longis, acutis, pallidis dense hispida. Pinnae herbaceae, utrinque breviter puberulae, ad costas venasque subtus hispidae; pinna terminalis triangularis, apice subcaudata et subintegerrima, basi prof unde pinnatifida; pinnae laterales remotae, ca. 18 utrinque, horizontales vel paten- tes, lineares, obtusae, costulis (main veins) obliquis, superiori- bus simplicibus, ceteris pinnatis, venis 1-3 utrinque, venis infimis anastomosantibus ; pinnae superiores adnatae, ceterae subpetio- lulatae ; pinnae maximae 3 cm longae, basi truncata vel subtrun- cata el paullo dilatata (sub-l-2-auriculata) usque ad 7 mm latae, margine costam versus usque ad J lobatae ; pinnae ceterae minus incisae vel subintegerrimae ; pinnae inf eriores sensim vel abrupte reductae, infimae minute auriculiformes. Lobi obtusi, integer- rimi vel parce repando-crenati. Sori ad venas mediales, majus- culi; indusium persistens, copiose hispido-ciliatum. Amboina, Batoe merah, Rel. Robins. 1962, August 24, 1913, terrestial in bed of a ravine, altitude about 20 meters; the rhizome horizontal, often exposed from 10 to 20 cm. Differs from Dryopteris arbuscula O. Ktze. in having the pinnae blunter, hispid on the veins beneath, the veins less numerous, less copiously anasto- mosing, and the indusia ciliate. xi. c, 3 v. A. v. Rosenburgh: Amboina Pteridophyta 107 CYC LO PELT IS J. Smith CYCLOPELTIS PRESLIANA (J. Sm.) Berk. Introd. Crypt. Bot. (1857) 517 ; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 164. Lastraea presliana J. Sm. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 3 (1841) 412. Amboina, Ayer putri, Rel. Robins. 1960, July 29, 1913, on coral rocks at low altitudes. Distrib“. : Burma, through Malaya and the Philippines to New Guinea. ASPIDIUM Swartz ASPIDIUM REPANDUM Willd. Sp. PI. 5 (1810) 216; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 236. Aspidium pachyphyllum Ktze. in Bot. Zeit. (1848) 259; v. A. v. R. 1. c. 252. Aspidium persoriferum Copel. in Perk. Fragm. FI. Philip. (1905) 177; v. A. v. R. 1. c. 251. Tectaria crenata Cav.; Copel. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 2 (1907) Bot. 414. Amboina, Soja, Robinson Pl. Rumph. Amb. H7, August 2, 1913, altitude about 250 meters. Representing: Lochitis amboinica recta minor (nigra) Rumph. Herb. Amboin. VI, 71. Distrib.: Malaya and the Philippines to Polynesia. STENOSEM IA Presl STENOSEM I A AURITA (Sw.) Pr. Tent. Pterid. (1836) 237, t. 10, f. 2i; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 726. Acrostichum auritum Sw. in Schrad. Journ. 1800 2 (1801) 12. Amboina, Way Uri and Halong, Robinson PI. Rumph. Amb. Hi, Sep- tember, 1913, altitude 25 to 50 meters. Representing: Filix Florida Rumph. Herb. Amboin. VI, 78, tab. XXXV, fig. 1. Distrib.: Malaya, Solomon Islands. DIPTERIS Reinwardt DIPTERIS CONJUGATA Reinw. Syll. Plant. Nov. 2 (1824) 3; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 523. Amboina, Salahoetoe, Rel. Robins. 197i, November 27, 1913, very com- mon, altitude 200 to 800 meters. Distrib.: Tropical Asia to Polynesia. DIPTERIS LOBBI AN A (Hook.) Moore, Ind. Fil. (1857) LXXX; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 522. Polypodium lobbianum Hook. Journ. Bot. 5 (1853) 309, t. 11. Amboina, Salahoetoe, Rel. Robins. 1970, November 27, 1915, on rocks along a small stream, altitude about 750 meters. Distrib.: Malaya. 108 The Philippine Journal of Science me NEPHROLEPIS Schott NEPHROLEPIS HIRSUTULA (Forst.) Pr. Tent. Pterid. (1836) 79; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 160. Polypodium hirsutulum Forst. Prodr. (1786) 81. Aspidium hirsutulum Sw.; Schk. Krypt. Gew. 1 (1804) t. 33. Amboina, Binting, Rel. Robinson 1957, July 29, 1913, on grassy slopes at low altitudes. Distrib. : Pantropical. HUM AT A Cavanilles HUMATA SUBTILIS v. A. v. R. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 7 (1912) 18. Humata perpusilla v. A. v. R. 1. c. 17. Amboina, Salahoetoe, Rel. Robins. 1968, November 27, 1913, on logs, altitude about 650 meters. Humata perpusilla is a juvenile form of H. subtilis; consequently both forms may be found on the same rhizome. Distrib.: New Guinea, Amboina, Taliabo. HUMATA GAIMARDIANA (Gaudich.) J. Sm. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 1 (1842) 425. Nephrodium gaimardianum Gaudich. Bot. Freyc. Voy. (1827) 335, t. 12, f, 1. Amboina, Wakal, Rel. Robins. 1939, November 5, 1913, on Sonneratia trees along the seashore. Distrib. : Burma to Malaya and Polynesia. BAVALL1 A Smith DAVALLI A ELATA (Forst.) Spr. in Schrad. Journ. 1799 a (1799) 271; Hook. Sp. Fil. 1 (1846) t. 55; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 302. Davallia denticulata Mett. (var.) C. Chr. Ind. Fil. (1906) 209. Trichomanes elatum Forst. Prodr. (1786) 85. Amboina, Ayer putri, Robinson PI. Rumph. Amb. UU9, July 28, 1913, epiphytic at low altitudes. Representing: Dryopteris arborea Rumph. Herb. Amboin. VI, 73, tab. XXXII, fig. 1. Robinson’s specimen differs from Hooker’s plate in having the adnate basal portion of the indusium subsemiorbicular, the free apical portion triangular with rather straight edges, and the spurious veins less numerous and less distinct. Distrib.: Burma to Malaya and Polynesia. TAPEINIDIUM C. Christensen TAPEINID1UM AMBOYNENSE (Hook.) C. Chr. Ind. Fil. (1906) 631; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 315. Davallia amboinensis Hook. Sp. Fil. 1 (1846) 178, t. LVI C. Amboina, Lateri, Robinson PI. Rumph. Amb. UU3, September 9, 1913, in forests, altitude about 250 meters. Representing: Dryopteris silvestris terrestris Rumph. Herb. Amb. VI, 73 (?). Distrib.: Moluccas, Samoa. XI, C, 3 v. A. v. Rosenburgh: Amboina Pteridophyta 109 LINDSAYA Dryander LINDSAYA CULTRATA (Willd.) Sw. Syn. Fil. (1806) 119; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 269. Adiantum cultratum Willd. Phytograph. (1794) 14, t. 10, f. 2. Amboina, Hitoe messen, Rel. Robins. 1951, October 18, 1913, altitude about 350 meters; Hoetoemoeri road, Rel. Robins. 1948, September 30, 1913, on banks, altitude, about 200 meters; a small, young form. Distrib. : Madasgascar, Reunion, tropical Asia to Queensland. LINDSAYA DAVALLIOI DES Bl. Enum. PI. Jav. (1828) 218; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 274. Amboina, Hitoe messen, Rel. Robins. 1937, October 18, 1913, altitude 350 meters. ASPLENIUM Linnaeus ASPLENIUM NIDUS L. Sp. PI. (1763) 1079; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 439. Amboina, Ayer putri, Robinson PI. Rumph. Amb. 448, July 28, 1913, epiphytic at low altitudes. Representing: Phyllitis amboinica arborea Rumph. Herb. Amboin. VI, 82, t. XXXVII, fig. 1. Distrib. : Paleotropical. ASPLENIUM AMBOINENSE Willd. Sp. PI. 5 (1810) 303; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 441. Amboina, Hitoe lama, Rel. Robins. 1946, October 11, 1913, on small trees, altitude about 150 meters. Distrib.: Malaya, Polynesia. ASPLENIUM BELANGERI (Bory) Kze. in Bot. Zeit. (1848) 176; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 474. Darea belangeri Bory in Belang. Voy. Bot. 2 (1833) 51. Asplenium tenerum Forst. (var.) C. Chr. Ind. Fil. (1906) 134. Amboina, Hatiwe, Rel. Robins. 1942, September 15, 1913, on rocks along streams, altitude about 250 meters. Distrib.: British India across Malaya and the Philippines to Polynesia. ASPLENIUM TENERUM Forst. Prodr. (1786) 80; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 458. Amboina, Soja, Rel. Robins. 1931, August 31, 1913, on rocks, altitude about 300 meters. Distrib.: Seychelles, British India, across Ceylon and Malaya to the Philippines and Polynesia. ASPLENIUM LASER PITI I FOLI U M Lam. Encycl. 2 (1786) 310; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 472. Amboina, Hoenoet, Rel. Robins. 1938, October 18, 1913, on trees, altitude about 200 meters. Distrib.: Malaya, Polynesia, and tropical Australia. ASPLENIUM sp. Amboina, Hitoe lama, Rel. Robins. 1963, October 8, 1913, altitude 220 meters. A young and sterile specimen near A. cuneatum Lam., or a form of it. 110 The Philippine Journal of Science me ADIANTUM Linnaeus ADIANTUM ROBINSON 1 1 v. A. v. R. sp. nov. Eu-adiantum. — Rhizoma breve, squamulis anguste lineari-sub- ulatis pallide rufo-fuscis vestitum. Stipites approximati, basin versus squamulosi et demum asperuli, ceterum (cum rachidibus) glabri, atro-brunnei, nitentes. Frondes ± 10 ad 15 cm longae, usque ad 12 cm latae, ramosae; rami laterales infra ramum ter- minalem 1 vel 2 utrinque. Foliola coriacea, supra leviter niten- tia, subtus subopaca, approximata, breviter at graciliter petiolu- lata, dimidiato-oblonga, 1 ad 1.5 cm longa, usque ad 0.75 cm lata, margine superiore et exteriore serrulata (vel leviter 2-lobata et serrulata) et pellucido-striata, venis subflabellatis, in sinibus serraturarum terminantibus. Sori in quoque foliolo 1 vel 2, ad marginem superiorem positi, transverse oblongi vel lineari- oblongi, sat recti; capsulae ad et inter venulas ortae; indusium angustum, coriaceum, obscure fuscum. Amboina, Amahoesoe, Rel. Robins. 19 bl, September 16, 1913, altitude 80 meters. CHEILANTHES Swartz CHEILANTHES TENUIFOLIA (Burm.) Sw. Syn. Fil. (1806) 129, 332; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 339. Trichomanes tenuifolium Burm. FI. Ind. (1768) 237. Amboina, Way Tommo, Robinson PL Rumph. Amb. bb%, August 19, 1913, altitude about 80 meters. Representing: Dryopteris campestris Rumph. Herb. Amboin. VI, 74, t. XXXIV, fig. 2. Distrib. : Tropical Asia, Australia, and Polynesia, to Tasmania and New Zealand. PTERIS Linaeus PTERIS ORI ENTALIS v. A. v. R. in Bull. Dept. Agr. Ind. Neerl. 18 (1908) 12; Mai. Ferns 355. Var. GLABRA v. A. v. R. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 7 (1912) 26. Amboina, Binting, Rel. Robins. 1958, July 29, 1913, roadside at low alti- tudes, locally known as paku kawat. Large; pinnae remote; lower pinnae with the base obliquely cordate, i. e. the upper side of the base shorter and broader than the lower. Per- haps a derived form of Pteris moluccana Bl., with the pinnae unequally cuneate at the base. VITTARIA ZOSTERI FOLIA Willd. Spec. PI. 5 (1810) 406; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 554. Amboina, Hitoe lama, Rel. Robins. 1950, October 8, 1913, epiphytic, at an altitude of about 125 meters. Distrib.: Mascarenes, Comores, Malaya, to Polynesia. xi, c, 3 v. A. v. Rosenburgh: Amboina Pteridophyta HI SCLEROGLOSSUM van Alderwereldt van Rosenburgh SCLEROGLOSSUM PUSILLUM (Bl.) v. A. v. R. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 7 (1912) 37, t. 5, fig. 1-2. Vittaria pusilla Bl. Enum. PI. Jav. (1828) 199; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 560. Amboina, Salahoetoe, Rel. Robins. 1965, November 27, 1913, epiphytic, altitude about 950 meters. Distrib. : Ceylon, Malacca, Java, Borneo, Philippines, New Guinea, Queensland. ANTROPHYUM Kaulfuss ANTROPHYUM CALLI FOLIUM Bl. Enum. PI. Jav. (1828) 111; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 535. Amboina, Soja, Rel. Robins. 1943, August, 3, 1913, on rocks, altitude about 400 meters. Distrib.: Malaya, Polynesia. ANTROPHYUM PLANTAGINEUM (Cav.) Kaulf. Enum. Fil. (1824) 197. Hemionitis plantaginea Cav. Descr. (1802) 260; v A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 533 Amboina, Ayer putri, Rel. Robins. 1945, July 28, 1913, on trees and coral limestone at low altitudes. Distrib.: Northern India, Ceylon, Malaya, and Polynesia. DRYMOGLOSSUM Presl DRYMOGLOSSUM FALLAX v. A. v. R. sp. nov. Plate VI. Rhizoma longe repens, gracile, firmum, ramosum, in sicco obscure fuscum vel nigrescens, squamis ovatis vel lanceolato- subulatis, subrufis, acuminatis, irregulariter denticulatis, basi pel- tatis ornatum. Stipites remoti, 2-seriati, supra basin articulati, frondium sterilium 2-3, frondium fertilium usque ad 12 mm longi. Frondes steriles coriaceae, pilis stellatis, pallidis, appressis, pau- cis munitae, late oblongae vel ovatae, integerrimae, apice obtusae vel rotundatae, basi late cuneatae, rotundato-truncatae vel sub- cordatae, ad stipitem abrupte et anguste cuneato-decurrentes ; costa sursum sensim evanescens ; areolae subhexagonae, obliquae, venulis liberis, excurrentibus parce munitae. Frondes fertiles lineares, semiteretes, 1.5 ad 4.5 cm longae, 2.5 ad 3 mm latae, sub- tus profunde et late 2-sulcatae, apice obtusiusculae, marginibus parallels, basi anguste cuneatae et longe decurrentes. Sori lati, continui, in sulcis positi, costam subapproximati. Amboina, Hitoe messen, Rel. Robins. 9152, October 14, 1913, epiphytic in light forests, altitude 175 meters, locally known as paku tali. Very remarkable in having the sori flanked by rows of long-stalked peltate hairs, and the capsules of each sorus separated by a longitudinal series of densely crowded, simple or variously branched, pale paraphyses, 112 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 so as to form two parallel series of capsules to a sorus. Drymoglossum carnosum J. Sm., reported from Amboina, differs in having the areolae provided with recurrent free veinlets, and the sori covered by peltate scales when young. HYMENOLEPIS Kaulfuss HYMENOLEPIS SPICATA (Linn, f.) Presl Epim. (1849) 159; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 728. Acrostichum spicatum Linn. f. Suppl. (1781) 444. Amboina, Mahiya, Rel. Robins. 1949, October 3, 1913, epiphytic, altitude about 350 meters. Distrib.: Madagascar, Mascarenes, Tropical Asia, Australia, and Poly- nesia. POLYPODIUM Linnaeus POLYPODIUM CONTI GUUM (Forst.) J. Sm. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 3 (1841) 394; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 616. Trichomanes contiguum Forst. Prodr. (1786) 841. Davallia contigua Spr. in Schrad. Journ. 1789 2 (1789) 271. Var. MONOSORA Copel. in Perk. Fragm. (1905) 179. Amboina, Hitoe messen, Rel. Robins. 1935, October 18, 1913, on trees with Polypodium decorum Brack. Distrib.: Java, the Philippines, and New Guinea. POLYPODIUM DECORUM Brack, in Wilkes U. S. Expl. Exp. 16 (1854) 7, t. 2, fig. 2; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 608. Amboina, Hitoe messen, Rel. Robins. 1936, October 18, 1913, on trees, altitude about 400 meters. A young specimen with the fronds shorter and narrower than usual. Distrib.: Ceylon across Malaya to Polynesia. POLYPODIUM MERRILLII Copel. in Perk. Fragm. FI. Philip. (1905) 188; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 579. Amboina, Salahoetoe, Rel. Robins. 9169, November 27, 1913, on trees, altitude about 950 meters. Distrib.: Philippines (Palawan only). PLEOPELTIS Humbolt & Bonpland PLEOPELTIS M USI FOLIA (Bl.) Moore Ind. Fil. (1857) LXXVIII. Polypodium musifolium Bl. Enum. PI. Java (1828) 134; FI. Jav. 2:171, t. 79; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 654. Forma typica: Fronds linear or ligulate, cordate or rounded at the base, sessile; main veins long, rather straight, reaching nearly to the margin, con- nected by transverse veins forming several rows of nearly regular, sub- quadrangular primary areolae. Amboina, Ayer putri, Rel. Robins. 1954, July 28, 1913, on trees at low altitudes. A young form intermediate between the type and the variety by its lanceolate fronds acute at the base, and its irregular lower venation. Distrib.: Malaya. xi, c, 3 v. A. v. Rosenburgh: Amboina Pteridophyta H3 Var. SCHUMANNIANA (Diels) Ros. in Nov. Guin. 8 (1912) Bot. 729. Polypodium schumannianum Diels in Schum. & Laut., FI. Deut. Schutzgeb. Siids. (1889) 139, t. 3, C-D. Fronds smaller, varying from ovate-oblong or panduriform to lanceolate, sessile with a cordate base with overlapping lobes to stalked with a long- decurrent acute base; main veins forming a series of large, costal primary areolae; a second series of stout veins forms smaller areolae outside the costal ones, both including numerous finer ones resembling those between the second series and the margin. United with the type by intermediate forms. Amboina, Lateri, Rel. Robins. 1961 , August 25, 1913, epiphytic, altitude 175 meters, locally known as paku karang. Distrib. : New Guinea and Amboina. PLEOPELTIS PHYMATODES (Linn.) Moore Ind. Fil. (1857) LXXVIII. Polypodium phymatodes Linn. Mant. 2 (1771) 306; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 664. Amboina, Ayer putri, Robinson PI. Rumph. Amb. UM, July 28, 1913, epiphytic at low altitudes. Representing: Polypodium indicum minus ( sive glabrum) Rumph. Herb. Amboin. VI, 80, t. XXXV, fig. 2. Distrib.: Tropical Africa, Asia, Australia, Polynesia, and southern China. PLEOPELTIS SINUOSA (Wall.) Bedd. Ferns Brit. Ind. (1865) t. 8. Polypodium sinuosum Wall. List (1829) No. 2231; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 623. Amboina, Kati-Kati, Robinson PI. Rumph. Amb. UU5, October 17, 1913, on trees in mangrove swamps. Representing: Scolopendria minor Rumph. Herb. Amboin. VI, 84 (?). Distrib.: Malaya, Melanesia. PLEOPELTIS PUNCTATA (Linn.) Bedd. Ferns Brit. Ind. Suppl. (1876) 22. Polypodium punctatum Sw. in Schrad. Journ. 1800 2 (1800) 21; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 653. Acrostichum punctatum Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 2 (1763) 1524. Amboina, Hoenoet, Rel. Robins. 1955, October 18, 1913, on trees, altitude about 200 meters. Distrib.: Tropical Africa, Asia, Australia, and Polynesia. PLEOPELTIS IMBRICATA (Karst.) v. A. v. R. in Bull. Dept. Agr. Ind. Neerl. 17 (1909) 3. Polypodium imbricatum Karst, in Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 12 (1895) 168 tab. 15, fig. 29, SO, tab. 16, fig. 1>9, tab. 19; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 624. Polypodium mirabile C. Chr. Ind. Fil. (1906) 545. Amboina, Salahoetoe, Rel. Robins. 1953, November 27, 1913, on trees, altitude about 350 meters. Known only from Amboina. 114 The Philippine Journal of Science me CYCLOPHORUS Desvaux CYCLOPHORUS BEDDOM EANUS (Gies.) C. Chr. Ind. Fil. (1906) 198; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 695. Niphobolus beddomeanus Gies. Farng. Niph. (1901) 101. Amboina, Hitoe lama, Rel. Robins. 1979, October 8, 1913, on limestone rocks, altitude about 150 meters. Distrib.: Northern India and southern China to New Guinea. CYCLOPHORUS ADNASCENS (Sw.) Desv. in Berl. Mag. 5 (1811) 300; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 681. Polypodium adnascens Sw. Syn. Fil. (1806) 25, 222, tab. 2, fig. 2. Amboina, Binting, Rel. Robins. 1932, August 28, 1913, on trees at low altitudes. Distrib.: Tropical Asia to Polynesia. LOXOGRAMME Presl LOXOGRAM M E INVOLUTA (Don) Presl Tent. Pterid. (1836) 215; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 537. Grammitis involuta Don Prodr. FI. Nepal. (1825) 14. Polypodium scolopendrium C. Chr. Ind. Fil. (1906) 562. Amboina, Soja, Rel. Robins. 1930, August 30, 1913, on rocks, altitude 300 meters. Distrib.: China, tropical Asia, and Melanesia. DRYNARI A J. Smith DRYNARIA SPARSISORA (Desv.) Moore Ind. Fil. (1862) 348; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 699. Polypodium sparsisorum Desv. in Berl. Mag. 5 (1811) 315. Amboina, Ayer putri, Robinson PI. Rumph. Amb. U50, July 28, 1913, epiphytic at low altitudes. Representing: Polypodium indicum majus (pilosum), Rumph. Herb. Amboin. VI, 78, t. XXXVI. Distrib.: Ceylon to the Philippines, Polynesia, and Queensland. MATONIACEAE M ATOM A R. Brown M ATOM A FOXWORTHYI Copel. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 342, t. 2. Amboina, Salahoetoe, Rel. Robins. 1982, November 27, 1913, common in places, altitude 300 to 800 meters. New to Ambonia. Distrib.: Borneo. GLEICHENIACEAE GLEICHEMA Smith GLEICHENIA MICROPHYLLA R. Br. Prodr. Flor. Nov. Holl. (1810) 161. Gleichenia circinata auctt. plur. (not Sw.) C. Chr. Ind. Fil. (1906) 320; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 56. xi, c, 3 v. A. v. Rosenburgh: Amboina Pteridophyta H5 Var. SEMIVESTITA (Lab.) comb. nov. Gleichenia semivestita Lab. Sert. Austr. Cal. (1824) 8, tab. 11. Amboina, Salahoetoe, Rel. Robins. 1980, November 27, 1913, in open places, altitude about 850 meters, growing with Gleichenia laevigata Hook. Distrib. : Malaya, Australia, Tasmania, New Caledonia, New Zealand. GLEICHENIA LAEVIGATA (Willd.) Hook. Sp. Fil. 1 (1844) 10; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 59. Mertensia laevigata Willd. Sp. PI. 5 (1810) 75. Amboina, Salahoetoe, Rel. Robins. 1978, November 27, 1913, altitude about 850 meters. Distrib.: Malaya. GLEICHENIA AM BOI N ENSIS v. A. v. R. in Bull. Dept. Agr. Neerl. Ind. 18 (1908) 3; Mai. Ferns 62. Amboina, Salahoetoe, Rel. Robins. 1977, November 27, 1913, in open places, altitude about 925 meters. This may be a more compound form of Gleichenia hirta Bl., but it is not identical with a duplicate of Elmer 10909 from Mount Apo, Mindanao, in the Buitenzorg Herbarium. Distrib.: Amboina and Buru. GLEICHENIA LINEARIS (Burm.) Clarke in Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 1 (1880) 428; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 59. Polypodium lineare Burm. FI. Ind. (1768) 235, t. 17, fig. 2. Var. FERRUGINEA (Bl.) comb. nov. Gleichenia ferruginea Bl. Enum. PL Jav. (1828) 249, affin. Amboina, Batoe mera, Robinson PI. Rumph. Amb. 446, on rocks at low altitudes, July 18, 1913, locally known as paku kawa. Representing: Felix calamaria Rumph. Herb. Amboin. VI, 85, tab. XXXVIII. Distrib.: The type paleotropical, the variety scattered here and there. SCHIZAEACEAE SCHIZAEA Smith SCHIZAEA DICHOTOMA (L.) Sm. in Mem. Acad. Turin 5 (1793) 422, tab. 9, fig. 9; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 116. Acrostichum dichotomun L. Sp. PI. (1753) 1068. Amboina, Salahoetoe, Robinson PI. Rumph. Amb. 460, November 27, 1913, altitude about 200 meters. Representing: Equisetum amboinicum silvestre Rumph. Herb. Amboin. VI, 92. Distrib.: Madagascar, Mascarenes, tropical Asia, Australia, and Polynesia. SCHIZAEA MALACCANA Baker Syn. Fil. (1868) 428; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 116. Amboina, Salahoetoe, Rel. Robins. 1972, November 27, 1913, altitude about 600 meters. Distrib.: Burma, Malaya, Philippines. 116 The Philippine Journal of Science me LYGODIUM Swartz LYGODIUM CIRCINATUM (Burm.) Sw. Syn. Fil. (1806) 153; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 111. Ophioglossum circinnatum Burm. FI. Ind. (1768) 228. Amboina, Amahoesoe, Robinson PL Rumph. Amb. 451, August 13, 1913, on limestone formation, altitude 30 meters; Binting, Robinson PL Rumph. Amb. 542, on limestone formation, altitude 5 meters; locally known as paku kawa. Representing: Adianthum volubile polypoides ( sive majus) Rumph. Herb. Amboin. VI, 75, tab. XXXIII, and A. v. medium Rumph. 1. c. 75. Distrib. : Tropical Asia to Queensland. LYGODIUM SCANDENS (Linn.) Sw. in Schrad. Journ. 1800J (1801) 106; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 111. Ophioglossum scandens Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 2 (1763) 1063. Amboina, Soja road, Robinson Pl. Rumph. Amb. 453, August 20, 1913, in thickets, altitude about 70 meters; near the town of Amboina, Robinson Pl. Rumph. Amb. 454, October 27, 1913, in light woods, altitude about 30 meters; locally known as paku kawa. Representing: Adianthum volubile minus Rumph. Herb. Amboin. VI, 76 tab. XXXII, fis. 2-3 (No. 453), and A. v. minus alterum Rumph. 1. c. 76 (No. 454). Distrib.: Tropical Africa, Asia, Australia, and Polynesia. LYGODIUM FLEXUOSUM (Linn.) Sw. in Schrad. Journ. 1800J (1801) 106, p. p.; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 114. Ophioglossum flexuosum Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2 (1763) 1063. Amboina, hills behind the town of Amboina, Rel. Robins. 1975, October 27, 1913, in light woods, altitude about 30 meters. Distrib.: Southern China, Malaya, and Queensland. LYGODIUM DIMORPHUM Copel. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 6 (1911) Bot. 67 (July 2). Lygodium novo-guinense Ros. in Fedde Rep. 9 (1911) 427 (August 15). Amboina, Batoe merah, Rel. Robins. 1981, August 24, 1913, in ravines, altitude about 20 meters; locally known as paku kawa. Mr. Merrill thought that this specimen was a more compound form of L. semihastatum Desv. In my opinion it is absolutely identical with Cop- land King’s No. 134 from New Guinea, on which Copeland based his diag- nosis of Lygodium dimorphum. Of this number we also possess a duplicate, and we have a specimen, from Skore (New Guinea, leg. Treub), bearing on the very same rachis: a, sterile pinnae like those of L. dimorphum; b, fertile pinnae like those of L. dimorphum and of L. semihastatum, but the latter only sparingly spiciferous; c, fertile pinnae more or less resembling those of L. trifurcatum Bak., as intermediates between those mentioned un- der b. It may be possible, that L. dimorphum is a strongly developed form of L. semihastatum and that Treub ’s plant unites both extremes as well as the intermediate; or the first two are not identical and L. dimorphum shows, when in a juvenile state, forms resembling L. semihastatum and L. trifurcatum. The true Philippine L. semihastatum apparently never reaches the strong development of the Papuan L. dimorphum, and the xi, c, 3 v. A. v. Rosenburgh: Amboina Pteridophyta \YJ sterile pinnae of the former are described as palmate or 2-partito-palmate while those of the latter are once or twice forked. Distrib. : New Guinea. MARATTIACEAE MARATTIA Swartz MARATTIA FRAXINEA Sm. PI. Ic. 2 (1790) tab. 48; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 765. Amboina, Soja, Rel. Robins. 1971, August 31, 1913, along streams in forests, altitude about 400 meters. Perhaps identical with M. pellucida Presl. Distrib.: Tropical Africa, Asia, and Australia. OPHIOGLOSSACEAE OPH IOGLOSSU M Linnaeus OPH IOGLOSSU M PENDULUM Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 2 (1763) 1518; v. A. v. R. Mai. Ferns 777. Amboina, Soja, Robinson PI. Rumph. Amb. 440, August 2, 1913, in for- ests, altitude 400 meters. Represnting: Scolopendria major Rumph. Herb. Amboin. VI, 84, tab. XXXVII, fig. 3. Distrib.: Tropical Asia, Australia, and Polynesia. HELMINTHOCTACHYS Kaulfuss HELMINTHOSTACHYS 2EYLANICA (Linn.) Hook. Gen. Fil. (1840) t. 47. Osmunda zeylanica Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 1063. Amboina, Kati Kati, Robinson PL Rumph. Amb. 455, October 28, 1913, altitude about 70 meters. Representing: Ophioglossum laciniatum Rumph. Herb. Amboin. VI, 153, tab. LXVIII, fig. 3. Distrib.: Tropical Asia to tropical Australia and New Caledonia. LYCOPODIACEAE LYCOPODIUM Linnaeus LYCOPODIUM CERNUUM Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 1566. v. A. v. R. Mai. Fern All. 47. Amboina, Batoe merah and Soja road, Robinson PI. Rumph. Amb. 457, July, 1913, altitude sea level to 250 meters, locally known as daun rai rai. The spikes are partly cernuous, partly erect. Representing: Cingulum terrae Rumph. Herb. Amboin. VI, 87, tab, XL, fig. 1. Distrib.: Tropical and extra-tropical. LYCOPODIUM PHLEGMARIA Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 1564; v. A. v. R. Mai. Fern All. 44. Var. LONGIFOLIUM Spring, Monog. Lycop. 1 (1842) 65; v. A. v. R. 1. c. 45. Amboina, Binting, Robinson PI. Rumph. Amb. 456, August 13, 1913, on trees at low altitudes. 141612 2 118 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 Representing: Equisetum amboinicum arboreum squamatum ( sive foliatum) Rumph. Herb. Amboin. VI, 91, tab. XLI, fig. 1. Distrib. : Malaya. LYCOPODIUM CARINATUM Desv. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 3 (1813) 555; v. A. v. R. Mai. Fern All. 36. Aboina, Amahoesoe, Rel. Robins. 1973, August 30, 1913, on trees at low altitudes, locally known as bunga ranti. In habit this specimen resembles very much Lycopodium laxum Presl (non Spring) , but the leaves are longer and not rigid. Distrib.: Tropical Asia to Polynesia. SELAGINELLACEAE SELAGINELLA Linnaeus SELAGINELLA ROBINSONI! v. A. v. R. sp. nov. Heterophyllum, Monostelicae, Intertextae. — S. brevipinnae v. A. v. R. affinis. Caules decumbentes, repentes, dichotomi vel subpinnati, probabiliter caespitosi, graciles, usque ad 0.5 mm crassi, straminei, in sicco irregulariter sulcati, foliis lateralibus inclusis 3.5 ad 4 mm lati ; caules secundarii pinnati ; pinnae remo- tae, obliquae, simplices, furcatae vel subpinnatae; ramuli ultimi usque ad ± 6 mm longi, 1.5 ad 2.25 mm lati. Folia heteromor- pha; folia lateralia patentia remotaque; lateralia caulina late ovata, 1.75 ad 2.25 mm longa, usque ad 1.5 mm lata, valde inaequi- latera, obtusa vel obtusiuscula, supra minute (sed sat copiose) papilloso-puberula, semifacie superiore apicem versus obsolete serrulata, ceterum serrulata et basin late rotundato-cordatam versus sensim ciliata, semifacie inferiore subintegerrima vel obsolete serrulata, ad basin anguste rotundato-cordatam saepe parce ciliolato-serrulata, costa in § supra basin evanescente; lateralia ramulorum ultimorum usque ad 1.5 mm longa, minus inaequilatera, magis remote serrulata et ciliata, basi superiore rotundato-cuneata, basi inferiore rotundata; folia intermedia erecta; intermedia caulina remota, ovata usque ad 1 mm longa, longe acuminata ad cuspidata, subcarinata, semifacie exteriore minute serrulata, basi producta et rotundato-subcordata, semi- facie interiore ciliata, basi rotundata vel rotundato-cuneata ; intermedia ramulorum ultimorum minora, contigua. Spicae soli- tariae vel 2-nae, 4 ad 6 mm longae, 2 ad 2.5 mm latae; sporo- phylla lateralia patentia, subremota, lanceolata, breviter subapi- culato-acuminata, supra glabra vel breviter puberula, carinata, margine superiore carinaque remote ciliata; sporophylla inter- media erecta, imbricata, ovata, longe acuminata, proportione longi-ciliata ; sporae .... (microsporae juveniles flavidae vel aurantiacae, minute verruculosae). xi, c, 3 v. A. v. Rosenburgh: Amboina Pteridophyta H9 Amboina, Salahoetoe, Rel. Robins. 1987, November 27, 1913, terrestrial, altitude 150 to 250 meters. SELAGINELLA POUZOLZIANA (Gaudich.) Spring Monogr. Lycop. 2 (1842) 142; v. A. v. R. Mai. Fern All. 216. Lycopodium pouzolziana Gaudich. in Freyc. Voy. Bot. (1827) 287. According to Spring’s diagnosis this species is said to have the axillary leaves obovate, narrowed at the base, and the lateral leaves entire. Amboina, Kati-Kati, Rel. Robins. 198U, October 17, 1913, along small streams, altitude about 70 meters. Forma typica: Lower axillary leaves broadly cordate or ovate, broadest at or near the base; lateral leaves often, if not invariably, very minutely serrulate-denticulate toward the apex; macrospores verruculose, whitish or pale-brown when young, gray-brown or black-brown when mature; micro- spores whitish or yellowish, provided with crowded, bacilliform or stipitate- capitate projections. Distrib. : Nicobar Islands to the Moluccas, Formosa, and southern China. SELAGINELLA CUPRESSINA (Willd.) Spring Monogr. Lycop. 2 (1842) 153 p. p.; v. A. v. R. Mai. Fern All. 140. Lycopodium cupressinum Willd. Sp. PI. 5 (1810) 42. Amboina, near the town of Amboina, Rel. Robins. 1983, July 26, 1913, on shaded banks, locally known as rutu rutu. Largest lateral leaves 2.5 mm or more long; intermedial leaves, at least those of the principal rachises, finely serrulate. Selaginella leytensis Hieron. is near this, but differs in having the branching less compound and looser, the rachises narrower, and the largest lateral leaves at most 2.5 mm long. Distrib. : Borneo, Sumbawa, the Philippines, and New Guinea. SELAGINELLA BELANGERI (Bory) Spring Monogr. Lycop. 2 (1842) 242; v. A. v. R. Mai. Fern All. 172. Lycopodium belong eri Bory Voy. (1804) 16, tab. 1, fig. 2. Amboina, Batoe Gadjah, Rel. Robins. 1986, August 5, 1913; near the town of Amboina, Rel. Robins. 1985, July 30, 1913. Distrib.; British India across Malaya to Papua and northern Australia. SELAGINELLA D’URVILLE! (Bory) A. Br. in Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. (1869) 585; v. A. v. R. Mai. Fern All. 225. Lycopodium d’Urvillei Bory Voy. (1804) 245, p. p. Amboina, Hatiwe, Robinson PI. Rumph. Amb. U69, September 4, 1913, in light woods at low altitudes. Representing: Muscus fruticescens mas Rumph. Herb. Amboin. VI, 86, tab. XXXIX, fig. 2 (?). Distrib.: Amboina to Polynesia. SELAGINELLA PLANA (Desv.) Hieron. in Engl. & Prantl. Nat. Pflanzen- fam. 1 4 (1900) 703; v. A. v. R. Mai. Fern All. 215. Lycopodium planum Desv. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 3 (1813) 158. Amboina, Gelala, Robinson PI. Rumph. Amb. U58, July 16, 1913, on banks at low altitudes, locally known as daun rutu rutu perampuan. 120 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 Representing: Muscus fruticescens foemina Rumph. Herb. Amboin. VI, 86, tab. XXXIX, fig 1. Distrib. : Malaya to British India. PSILOTACEAE PS I LOT UM Swartz PSILOTUM TRIQUETRUM Sw. Syn. Fil. (1806) 117; v. A. v. R. Mai. Fern All. 24. Amboina, Batoe Gadjah, Robinson PL Rumph. Amb. 461, August, 1913; Amahoesoe, Robinson PL Rumph. Amb. 462, September 16, 1913, on trees, altitude sea level to 150 meters. Representing: Equisetum amboinicum secundum Rumph. Herb. Amboin. VI, 92. Distrib. : Tropical and extra-tropical. LIST OF PTERIDOPHYTA DESCRIBED BY RUMPHUS IN THE HERBARIUM AMBOINENSE In the following list those species included in brackets do not occur in Doctor Robinson’s collection : Adianthum volubile polypoides (majus), 75, tab. XXXIII —Lygodium circinatum Sw. Adianthum volubile medium, 'lb— Lygodium circinatum Sw. Adianthum volubile minus, 76, tab. XXXII, fig. 2, Z— Lygodium scandens Sw. Adianthum volubile minus alterum, 76=Lygodium scandens Sw. Capillus veneris Amboinicus, 77, tab. XXXIV, fig. l=[Adiantum sp.]. Cingulum terrae, 87, tab. XL, fig. Lycopodium cernuum L. Dryopteris triplex arborea, 73, tab. XXXII, fig. 1 —Davallia elata Spr. Dryopteris triplex campestris, 74, tab. XXXIV, fig. 2 —Cheilanthes tenuifolia Sw. Dryopteris triplex sylvestris terrestris, 7Z — Tapeindium amboynense C. Chr. (?) Dryoptris triplex sylvestris petraea, 74 = [Adiantum or Lindsayal ]. Equisetum amboinicum arboreum squamatum (foliatum), 91, tab. XLI, fig. 1= Lycopodium phlegmaria L. var longifolium (?). Equisetum amboinicum minor, 92 = [Lycopodium nummulary folium Bl.?]. Equisetum amboinicum secundum, 92 = Psilotum triquetrum Sw. Equisetum amboinicum silvestre=Sc/iizaea dichotoma Sw. Filix ambolnica mas (agrestis), 69=Dryopteris ferox 0. Ktze. Filix amboinica urens, 69 = ? Filix aquatica, 65, tab. XXVIII = [Angiopteris amboinensis de Vr.?]. Filix calamaria, 85, tab. XXXVIII = Gleichenia linearis Clarke ( typica or var. ferruginea aff.?) . Filix canarlna, 64 = ? Filix esculenta (femina), 67, tab. XXIX = [Diplazium esculentum Spr.]. XX, C, 3 v. A. v. Rosenburgh: Amboina Pteridophyta 121 Filix florida, 78, tab. XXXV, fig. l=Stenosemia aurita Pr. Filix lanuginosa, 69 = [Cibotium baranetz J. Sm. or Dicksonia sorbifolia Sm.]. Lonchitis amara, 72 = 7 Lonchitis amboinica recta major rubra, 70, tab. XXX, fig. l = [Blechnum orientale L.?]. Lonchitis amboinica recta major alba, 70 tab. XXX, fig. 2 = [Polypodium pallens Bl.?]. Lonchitis amboinica recta minor nigra, 71= Aspidium repandum Willd. Lonchitis amboinica recta minor alba, 71=? Lonchitis mucosa, 72 = 7 Lonchitis pilosa, 72 = ? Lonchitis saguaria, 72 = 7 Lonchitis volubilis, 71, tab. XXXI — [Stenochlaena sp.]. Millefolium aquaticum, 176, tab. LXXIV, tab. l = [Ceratopteris thalictroides Brongn.]. Muscus fruticescens foemina, 86, tab. XXXIX, fig.. 1 =Selaginella plana Hieron. Muscus fruticescens mas, 86, tab. XXXIX, fig. 2 =Selaginella d’Urvillei A. Br. (?). Ophioglossum indicum simplex, 152, tab. LXVIII, fig. 2 = [Ophioglossum pedunculosum Desv.]. Ophioglossum laciniatum, 153, tab. LXVIII, fig. 3 =Helminthostachys zeylanica Hook. Palmafilix alba, 63 =Alsophila rumphiana v. A. v. R. (?). Palmafilix nigra, 63, tab. XXVII (?) = Alsophila amboinensis v. A. v. R. (?). Palmafilix postium, 63 = ? Phyllitis amboinica arborea, 82, tab. XXXVII, fig. l=Asplenium nidus L. Phyllitis amboinica terrestris, 82, tab. XXXVII, fig. 2 = 7 Phyllitis polycipes, 76 = ? Polypodium indicum majus (pilosum), 78, tab. XXXYl = Drynaria sparsi- sora Moore. Polypodium indicum minus (glabrum), 78, tab. XXXV, fig. 2 =Pleopeltis phymatodes Moore. Scolopendria Indiae orientalis Musae facie, 83 =[Platy cerium coronarium Desv.]. Scolopendria major, 84, tab. XXXVII, fig. 3 = Ophioglossum pendulum L. Scolopendria minor (sive tectorum), 84 = Pleopeltis sinuosa Bedd. (?). ' ■ ■ ' ■ i: . ■ ■ / V ' ' ' ‘ " ' ' '■ ' ■ ' ■ ’ - . . . - EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES [From drawings by the author.] Plate V Fig. 1. Trichomanes minutissimum v. A. v. R. a’, rhizome with variously shaped fronds, natural size. a”, rhizome with fronds showing the veins and sori, enlarged about 10 times. 2. Trichomanes pervenulosum v. A. v. R. b’, rhizome with variously shaped fronds, natural size. b”, b”’, portions of a sterile and a fertile segment showing the spurious veinlets and a sorus, enlarged about 8 times. Plate VI Drymoglossum fallax v. A. v. R. a, rhizome with fronds, natural size. b\ b”, rhizome scales, enlarged about 50 times. c, portion of a sterile frond showing the venation, enlarged about 5 times. d’, portion of a fertile frond, lower surface, showing the sori and paraphyses, enlarged 10 to 15 times. d”, transverse section of a fertile frond showing the capsules and paraphyses, enlarged 10 to 15 times. e, stellate hairs flanking the sori, enlarged about 40 times. /, paraphyses separating the capsules, enlarged about 40 times. 123 . ' . :: '■=: i: .. ‘ • ; - j Y 3113 . ..... : dr.-.,'.,: !' . - ' ' ' ' .. v. A. v. Rosenburgh : Amboina Pteridophyta.] [Phil. Journ. Sci., XI, C, No. 3. Fig. 1. Trichomanes minutissimum v. A. v. R. 2. T. pervenulosum v. A. v. R. PLATE V. v. A. v. Rosenhurgh : Amboina Pteridoph YTA.j [Phil. Journ. Sci., XI, C, No. 3. PLATE VI. DRYMOGLOSSUM FALLAX v. A. v. R. ■ ■ . The Philippine Journal of Science, C. Botany. Vol. XI, No. 3, May, 1916. NEW OR INTERESTING PHILIPPINE VITACEAE By E: D. Merrill * ( From the Botanical Section of the Biological Laboratory, Bureau of Science, Manila, P. I.) In the present paper are included notes on various of the older and better known species of Vitaceae, with descriptions of new species in the genera Ampelocissus, Cissus, Columella (Cayratia) , Tetrastigma, and Leea. Fourteen new species and a few new varieties are described, while some new combinations are made. The most radical change in proposed or accepted nomenclature is the adoption of the generic name Columella of Lourerio, dating from the year 1790, for those species placed by Planchon in Cissus § Cayratia, but more recently by Doctor Gagnepain placed under Cayratia as a valid genus. The adoption of Columella of Loure- rio for this genus of Vitaceae will invalidate the genus Columel- lia of Ruiz & Pavon which typifies the family Columelliaceae. This action in restoring Lourerio’s generic name is taken delib- erately in order that the case may be brought to the attention of botanists generally, and that at some later date perhaps Cayratia may be included in the lists of nomina conservanda supplementary to those already adopted by the Vienna and Brussels Botanical Congresses. AM PEI OCISSUS Planchon AMPELOCISSUS OCHRACEA (Teysra. & Binn.) comb. nov. Cissus ochracea Teysm. & Binn. in Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind. 27 (1864) 35. Vitis ochracea Teysm. ex Planch, in DC. Monog. Phan. 5 (1887) 409, in syn.; Ceron Cat. PI. Herb. (Manila) (1892) 51. Ampelocissus imperialis Merr. & Rolfe in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 110, non Planch. Culion, Merrill 668, February, 1903. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens SSI, March, 1906, s. n., November, 1906: District of Davao, Mati, Piper 1,1,7 , May, 1911: Province of Agusan, Elmer 13600, August, 1912. Basilan, Hallier s. n. (sterile), January, 1904. Var. TRILOBATA var. nov. A typo differt foliis profunde trilobatis. Polillo, Bur. Sci. 10773 McGregor, November, 1909. Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Infanta, Bur. Sci. 9351 Robinson, August, 1909. Mindanao, Province of Surigao, Hinatuan, Piper 1,90, May, 1911. * Associate professor of botany, University of the Philippines. 125 126 The Philippine Journal of Science me This species has previously been reported from the Philippines as Ampelocissus imperialis Planch., but that identification was certainly erroneous, although manifestly Ampelocissus ochracea and A. imperialis are closely allied. There is now a specimen in the herbarium of the Bureau of Science collected in Sumatra by Teysmann, manifestly a cotype of Ampelocissus imperialis (Miq.) Planch., which differs from our Philippine material in its larger, more numerously nerved leaves, and especially in the basal lobes of the leaves overlapping. Planchon has reduced “Vitis ochracea Teysm.” to Ampelocissus imperialis, but from his citation it is evident that he did not see the published description of Cissus ochracea T. & B. The type of Teysmann’s species was from Celebes, a plant cultivated in the Botanical Garden at Buitenzorg, and his descrip- tion appears to me to apply to our Philippine form and not to Ampelocissus imperialis Planch. I have accordingly reinstated Teysmann’s species, and transferred it to its proper genus, Ampelocissus. AMPELOCISSUS BOTRYOSTACH YS Planch, in DC. Monog. Phan. 5 (1887) 413; Gagnep. in Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun 24 (1911) 20. This characteristic endemic species was based on a specimen collected by Cuming in the vicinity of Mount Banahao, Luzon, distributed as num- ber 820 of Cuming’s Philippine collection, but until recently has not been rediscovered. Additional specimens, all from the Province of Laguna, Luzon, are as follows: near Paete, Baker 3695 ; Lilio, Gates 6k71 coll. Quisumbing; San Antonio, Bur. of Sci. 1099k, 16660 Ramos. AMPELOCISSUS MARTINI Planch, in DC. Monog. Phan. 5 (1887) 373; Gagnep. 1. c. 22. Ampelocissus barbata Merr. & Rolfe in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 110, non Planch. Luzon, Province of Batangas, Balayan, Phil. PL 1879 Ramos, August, 1914. Cuyo, Bur. Sci. 21376 Escritor, July, 1913. Palawan, Apulit Island, Taytay Bay, Merrill 9k25, May, 1913. Banton, McGregor 350, July, 1905. Guimaras, For. Bur. kS Ritchie, August, 1903. Semerara, Merrill kl50, June, 1905. This was previously determined and reported as Ampelocissus barbata Planch., a very closely allied species, but Doctor Gagnepain has recently referred my number 4150 (not 3150 as cited by him) to the Indo-Chinese species A. martini Planch. After a reexamination of our material, the descriptions, and a duplicate of Pierre 1803 from Cochinchina, I agree with Gagnepain’s identification of the Philippine specimen. AMPELOCISSUS PAUCI FLORA sp. nov. § Euampelo cissus. Species ut videtur A. aculeatae et A. acetosae affinis, differt inermibus, omnibus partibus glabris, foliolis oblongo-ovatis ad ovato-lanceolatis, acute acuminatis, inflorescentiis paucifloris. A slender, unarmed, scandent vine, entirely glabrous, 6 to 8 m in length, the branches and branchlets terete, brownish or purplish when dry, often glaucescent. Leaves pedately 5- to 7-foliolate, their petioles 2 to 2.5 cm long; leaflets submem- branaceous or chartaceous, oblong-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, the outermost lateral ones smaller than the others, 4 to 8 cm long, xi; c, 3 Merrill: New Philippine Vitaceae 127 2 to 3.5 cm wide, the base acute, the apex rather slenderly and very sharply acuminate, the margins in the upper one-half or two-thirds with distant, small, usually appressed, sharp teeth, dull, the upper surface pale-yellowish to olivaceous when dry, the lower surface paler and more or less glaucous, the nerves and reticulations distinct; petiolule of the middle leaflet 7 to 10 mm long, the common one of the lateral leaflets usually a little longer, their petiolules proper 3 to 4 mm long. Peduncles leaf- opposed, slender, 7 to 9 cm long, forked, bearing the inflorescence and a slender, usually forked tendril. Cymes subumbellate, the flowers few, 6 to 15 in the material examined, umbellately arranged, their pedicels 2 to 3 mm long, the bracteoles oblong- ovate, 1 mm long. Calyx shallow, very obscurely 5-toothed, 1.2 mm in diameter. Petals 5, free, purple, oblong, obtuse, 2 mm long, cucullate. Filaments about 1 mm long, more or less flattened ; anthers orbicular-ovoid, 0.5 mm long. Ovary ap- parently purple, ovoid, distinctly 5-angled, 1 to 1.2 mm long, the style none. Fruit dark-purple or nearly black, fleshy, globose, 7 to 9 mm in diameter when dry and often somewhat glaucous, containing three or four seeds. Seeds narrowly obovoid, 6 mm long, smooth and shining, the base acute, the apex rounded, the two internal faces concave, the back convex, with a median, longitudinal, shallow depression bearing the linear-oblong chalaza; albumen T-shaped in cross-section. Luzon, Province of Zambales, Baquilin River, For. Bur. 6957 Curran (type). May 9, 1907, clambering over shrubs in dry river bed: Province of Bataan, Lamao River, Merrill 3280, October, 1903, in thickets on bluffs along the seashore: Province of Union, San Fernando, Bur. Sci. 21116 Escritor, June, 1913. Cuyo, Bur. Sci. 21363 Escritor, July, 1913. Pala- wan, Taytay, Merrill 9377, May, 1913, in thickets along the seashore. Calusa, Bur. Sci. 15659 Fenix, July, 1912. A species well characterized by its pedately 5- to 7-foliolate leaves, its sharply acuminate leaflets which are more or less glaucous beneath, and its slenderly peduncled, few-flowered inflorescences. AMPELOCISSUS MULTI FOLIOLA sp. nov. § Kalocissus. Frutex scandens subtus foliis petiolis ramulis inflorescentiisque dense rufo-tomentosis, vel ramuiis pallide tomentosis, foliis pedatim 13-foliolatis, foliolis anguste oblongis vel oblongo- lanceolatis, usque ad 20 cm longis, acuminatis supra repando- dentatis; inflorescentiis pedunculatis, spicis numerosis, patulis, gracilis, 2 ad 5 cm longis; floribus 5-meris, glabris, brevibus; fructibus carnosis, ellipsoideis, 2 cm longis. A scandent tendril-bearing shrub, the branches terete, tomen- tose with rather long, matted hairs which in age become nearly 128 The Philippine Journal of Science 1m white. Tendrils stout, 40 cm long and upward. Leaves pedate- palmately compound, each with 13 leaflets, the three central leaflets palmate, their petioles 2.5 to 3 cm long, the other 5 leaflets on each side serially attached to a branch of the petiole which is 5 to 6 cm long, subscorpoid in arrangement; leaflets narrowly oblong to oblong-lanceolate, chartaceous, the central ones 18 to 20 cm long, about 3 cm wide, the outer lateral ones shorter, the outermost one very inequilateral, all distantly sinuate-toothed above the middle, subacute and somewhat in- equilateral at the base, or the outermost ones rounded, sharply acuminate at the apex, the upper surface glabrous and shining, the lower densely rufous-tomentose, the lateral veins distinct, 7 to 9 on each side of the midrib; petiolules tomentose, those of the interior leaflets 2.5 to 3 cm long, of the outer ones pro- gressively shorter, the outermost leaflets subsessile. Inflores- cence tomentose, peduncled, the flower-bearing part 15 to 20 cm long, the spikes 20 to 30, slender, spreading, 4 to 5 cm long. Flowers 5-merous, sessile, glabrous, scattered, each subtended by a small bracteole, the calyx shallow, 1.5 mm in diameter, obscurely toothed. Petals 5, oblong-elliptic, acute, 2.5 mm long. Anthers about 0.8 mm long. Ovary ovoid, sulcate, glabrous. Fruit very fleshy, pink, glabrous, ellipsoid, rounded, 2 cm long, with a single seed, the seed narrowly ovate in outline, acuminate, base rounded or slightly cordate, about 1 cm long, 3-angled, two lateral angles much sharper than the inner one, the back with an obscure protuberance, the outer face convex, the inner two slightly concave. Luzon, Province of Laguna, Dahican, Bur. Sci. 16539 Ramos, September 14, 1912, in damp forests. A most characteristic species, distinguishable by its leaf-characters from all forms previously described. The numerous leaflets, thirteen, are pedate-palmate in arrangement, the inner three with their proper petio- lules, the outer five on each side attached to a common branch of the petiole proper. AMPELOPSIS Michaux AMPELOPSIS HETEROPHYLLA (Thunb.) Sieb. & Zucc. in Abhandl. Baier. Akad. Wissensch. 42 (1846) 197; Planch, in DC. Monog. Phan. 5 (1887) 455. Var. SINICA (Miq.) comb. nov. Vitis sinica Miq. in Journ. Bot. Neerl. 1 (1861) 125. Ampelopsis heterophylla var. hancei Planch, in DC. Monog. Phan. 5 (1887) 457; Gagnep. in Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun 24 (1911) 6. This variety is represented in our herbarium by over thirty specimens from the Philippines, from the Batanes Islands, Luzon, Mindoro, Palawan, xi. c, 8 Merrill: New Philippine Vitaceae 129 and Mindanao. It is especially abundant in Mountain Province, Luzon. It is widely distributed in southern China, and is known from Tonkin and Formosa. Var. HU MU LI FOLIA (Bunge) comb. nov. Ampelopsis humulifolia Bunge Enum. (1831) 12. Vitis heterophylla var. humulifolia Hook. f. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. t. 5682. Ampelopsis heterophylla var. bunged Planch, in DC. Monog. Phan. 5 (1887) 455; Gagnep. 1. c. 7. Luzon, Province of Nueva Vizcaya, Bagabag, Bur. Sci. 8170 Ramos; Bontoc Subprovince, Bur. Sci. 5973 Ramos, intermediate between this variety and the preceding one. Mindanao, District of Davao, DeVore & Hoover 132. Widely distributed in China, extending southward to Hongkong, not previously reported from the Philippines. Under our rules of priority, if these varieties are to be recognized, the earliest valid names must be adopted, not those arbitrarily selected by Planchon. Many American botanists would consider the specific name heterophylla S. & Z. (1846), to be invalidated in Ampelopsis by the earlier Ampelopsis heterophylla Blume (1825) =PARTH ENOCISSUS HETERO- PHYLLA (Blume) comb. nov. ( Cissus landuk Hassk., Vitis landuk Miq., Landukia landuk Planch., Partheno cissus landuk Gagnep.). CISSUS Linnaeus CISSUS DISCOLOR Blume Bijdr. (1825) 181; Planch, in DC. Monog. Phan. 5 (1887) 354; Gagnep. in Not. Syst. 1 (1911) 354. Mindanao, Province of Misamis, Mount Malindang, For. Bur. 1,528, 4737 Mearns & Hutchinson, May, 1906, altitude 700 to 1,500 m: District of Zamboanga, Sax River Mountains, Merrill 8105, November, 1911, altitude 900 m. Gagnepain, 1. c., refers to this species Lolier 377, 878, from Luzon, which I have not seen. The Mindanao specimens agree closely with the descrip- tions of the species, and with specimens in the herbarium of the Bureau of Science determined by Gagnepain, Thorel 1392 from Cochinchina, and Bons d’Anty from Yunnan. India to southern China, southward to Java and Celebes. CISSUS OBLONGI FOLIA sp. nov. § Eucissus. Suffruticosa, scandens, inflorescentiis parce furfuraceis ex- ceptis glabra; foliis oblongis vel oblongo-ovatis, membranacels, 10 ad 20 cm longis, basi subtruncatis vel rariter acutis, apice breviter acuminatis, margine distanter denticulatis ; cymis usque ad 10 cm longis ; floribus 4-meris, 4 mm longis ; fructibus oblongo- ovoideis, junioribus breviter rostratis, 1.2 ad 1.5 cm longis. -A scandent, tendril-bearing vine reaching a height of from 4 to 10 m, somewhat fleshy when fresh, the older stems somewhat compressed when dry, the younger ones straw-colored or some- what greenish, terete or obscurely angled, smooth, slightly striate when dry, glabrous except the sparingly furfuraceous inflores- 130 The Philippine Journal of Science me cence. Leaves green, membranaceous, of the same color and shining on both surfaces when dry, oblong to oblong-ovate, 10 to 20 cm long, 3 to 8 cm wide, the upper ones usually smaller or at least narrower than the lower ones, the apex shortly acuminate, the base truncate, rarely subacute, never cordate, the margins with distant minute teeth opposite the excurrent ends of the primary and secondary nerves; nerves about 6 on each side of the midrib, rather prominent, the reticulations lax; petioles about 3 cm long. Tendrils leaf-opposed, entire, up to 20 cm long. Cymes axillary and terminal, lax, up to 10 cm long, peduncled. Flowers 4-merous, greenish-white, 4 mm long, the buds narrowly ovoid. Calyx cup-shaped, truncate. Petals oblong- ovate, 3 to 4 mm long, 2 mm wide, acute, glabrous. Anthers 1 mm long, longer than wide. Fruit dark-purple when mature, fleshy, ovoid, 1.2 to 1.5 cm long, when young oblong-ovoid and somewhat rostrate. Seed smooth, ovoid, base somewhat rostrate. Luzon, Province of Bataan, Lamao River, For. Bur. 2122 (type), 1927 Borden, October, 1904, altitude about 130 meters, Whitford 1056, Williams 248, 586, Merrill 3793, Elmer 6669, For. Bur. 2193 Meyer: Prov- ince of Laguna, Los Banos, Bur. Sci. 6611 Robinson, February, 1909. In thickets and forests, at low altitudes. I originally wrote the description of this species in 1904, but later considered it to be the same as Cissus rostrata Korth., and so recorded it.1 After an examination of the material in the Kew Herbarium, I came to the conclusion that Cissus rostrata Korth., was a different species, as yet not found in the Philippines, from which Cissus oblongifolia differs in its broader leaves which are not rostrate-acuminate at the apex. The present species is manifestly allied to Cissus repens Lam., but is distinguished by its quite differently shaped leaves and much larger flowers. CISSUS QUADRANGULAR IS L. Mant. 1 (1767) 39; Planch, in DC. Monog. Phan. 5 (1887) 510. Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 16871 Bacani, February, 909: Province of Batangas, Cuzner 41, December, 1907: Manila, Merrill s. n. September, 1909. Cebu, Barrow 25, June, 1904. Negros, Piper 50, May, 1911. Siquijor, Piper 395, May, 1911. A species found in the drier parts of the Archipelago, with the appear- ance of having been introduced. It is well characterized by its stout, green, very fleshy, 4-angled stems, which shrink much in drying. Tropical Africa and tropical Asia to Malaya. CISSUS REPENS Lam. Encycl. 1 (1783) 31; Planch, in DC. Monog. Phan. 5 (1887) 504. This species is based on Neriam Pulli Rheede Hort. Malabar. 7 : t. 48, for Lamarck in his original description cites no specimen, giving only the reference to Rheede cited above and a reference to Ray’s Historia Plan- tarum. Rheede’s figure is an excellent one, but represents a plant with Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 89. xi, c, 3 Merrill: New Philippine Vitaceae 131 leaves having a deeper and much narrower basal sinus than any Philippine material referred to the species that I have seen. In our abundant mate- rial the leaves are always broadly ovate, but with the basal sinus very broad and rather shallow, the base sometimes being truncate or subtrun- cate. I refer here the following material: Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Elmer 6467 : Province of Nueva Ecija, Bur. Sci. 5267 McGregor : Province of Zambales, Hallier s. n. : Province of Bataan, Williams 193, For. Bur. 1785 Borden, Merrill 3151, 1582, Elmer 6751: Province of Laguna, For. Bur. 13315 Tamesis, Bur. Sci. 12014 Ramos: Province of Rizal, Bur. Sci. 1386 Ramos: near Manila, Marave 135. Apo Island, Merrill 410. Palawan, Bur. Sci. 246 Bermejos. Ticao, For. Bur. 1071 Clark. Negros, For. Bur. 13704, 17425 Curran. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, Bur. Sci. 11787 Robhison: District of Davao, Piper 462: District of Cotabato, Bur. Sci. 11557 Robinson. One nearly constant character of the plants referred here is that they readily break up in drying, the stems breaking at the nodes and the leaves readily becoming detached, this fragile character being also indicated by Rheede for his Neriam Pulli. The plant is somewhat succulent and difficult to dry properly. The fruits are fleshy, purple, and very acrid to the taste. According to Borden the stinging sensation in the mouth lasts for twenty- four hours after tasting the fruit. Var. LUZONIENSIS var. nov. A typo differt foliis minoribus, 4 ad 6 cm longis, membrana- ceis, in partibus f superioribus sensim angustatis, longe acumi- natis, basi late cordatis vel truncatis. Luzon, Province of Rizal, Bosoboso, For. Bur. 3317 Ahern’s collector, September, Bur. Sci. 4576, 13613 (type) Ramos, August; San Mateo, For. Bur. 1840 Ahern’s collector, September. This form is very different in appearance from the material I have above referred to Cissus repens Lam., and is not at all like Rheede’s figure, the type of Cissus repens Lam., in leaf-form. It is much more slender than is the Philippine form of Cissus repens Lam., does not show a tendency to break in drying and has smaller, thinner, differently shaped leaves, more or less gradually narrowed from the lower one-fourth to the rather slenderly acuminate apex. When mature fruits are known it may be found better to treat it as a distinct species. COLUMELLA Loureiro ( Cayratia Juss., Cissus § Cayratia Planch.) In the year 1911 Doctor F. Gagnepain 1 2 in connection with his studies on the Vitaceae of Indo-China, came to the conclu- sion that Cayratia, as characterized by Jussieu in 1823, con- stitutes a valid genus distinct from Cissus. He accordingly adopted Jussieu’s generic name, and considered under it sixteen species, most of which had been described by previous authors 1 Un genre meconnu: classification des Cissus et Cayratia. Not. Syst. 1 (1911) 339-362. 132 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 under Vitis and Cissus. After considerable study of the Philip- pine forms, and such Indo-Malayan representatives of the genera Vitis, Cissus, Cayratia, and Tetrastigma as are avail- able here, I have very definitely concluded that Gagnepain’s position regarding the validity of Cayratia as a distinct genus is entirely justifiable, and that it is just as distinct from Vitis and Cissus as are, for instance, Tetrastigma, Ampelopsis, and Ampelocissus. As to the validity of the name Cayratia, however, there is a distinct cause for disagreement, at least if we accept literally the rules of nomenclature promulgated by the last two interna- tional botanical congresses. The oldest generic name for the group is Columella Lour., published in 1790, and typified by Columella pedata Lour. ( Vitis pedata Wall., Cissus pedata Lam., Cayratia pedata Juss.), which extends from India and Ceylon to Indo-China and Java. It is distinctly unfortunate, however, that the adoption of Columella of Loureiro must invalidate Columellia Ruiz & Pavon, 1794, a genus that has been universally recognized since its publication, and which typifies the family Columelliaceae. However, this case is not covered by the lists of nomina conservanda adopted by the Vienna and the Brussels Botanical Congresses, and a strict interpretation of the rules adopted by those congresses will necessitate the adoption of Loureiro’s generic name Columella in place of Jussieu’s name Cayratia. In order that this case may be brought to the atten- tion of future congresses, and that Columella of Loureiro may definitely be abandoned in favor of Cayratia, which should be included in the list of nomina conservanda if any generic name is so included, I purposely take up the generic name Columella, and transfer to it the Philippine species known to me at this time. COLUMELLA GEN 1CULATA (Blume) comb. nov. Cissus geniculata Blume Bijdr. (1825) 184. Cayratia geniculata Gagnep. in Not. Syst. 1 (1911) 345. This species extends from Indo-China to the Sunda Islands. To it I refer the following Philippine material: Luzon, Province of Nueva Vis- caya, Merrill 219, Bur. Sci. 8219 Ramos: Province of Batangas, Cuzner 25: Province of Pampanga, Bolster 22: Province of Laguna, Alberto s. n., For. Bur. 21310 Foxworthy & Catalan, Gates 5751, Bur. Sci. H975 Ramos: Province of Bulacan, Bur. Sci. 21721 Ramos: Province of Pangasinan, Bur. Sci. 18310 Otanes. The material here referred to Columella geniculata is characterized by being rather softly pubescent, with long petioles, rather long petiolules and inflorescences, the latter about one-half as long as the petioles. The material agrees closely with the published descriptions, and Planchon has XI, C, 3 Merrill: New Philippine Vitaceae 133 credited the species to Luzon on the basis of Cuming 513 from Laguna Province. Blume’s original description, however, as well as Planchon’s later one, is incomplete and unsatisfactory. The specimens cited above appear to fall under Cayratia geniculata as keyed out by Gagnepain, and are apparently close to the form designated by Blume as the variety mollis. Doctor Gagnepain credits to the Philippines the closely allied Cayratia. mollissima Gagnep. ( Cissus mollissima Planch.), the references being to specimens collected by Baume, near Manila, and by Perrottet, from Zam- boanga, Mindanao. I have seen no Philippine material that I consider referable to this species, and I suspect that flowering specimens of the form I have referred to Columella geniculata may match the Philippine material referred by Gagnepain to Cayratia mollissima. The latter species is distinguished by its large fruits and large seeds, and I have no Phil- ippine material that agrees with the species, as described, in these characters. In fruit and seed characters the material cited above agrees with Columella geniculata, not with Cayratia mollissima Gagnep. Var. SARCOCARPA var. nov. A species differt subtus foliis ad costa ramulis petiolisque parce ciliatis haud molliter pubescentibus, foliolis lateralibus basi rotundatis vel obtusis vix cordatis vel subcordatis nervis reticu- lisque prominentibus. Luzon, Province of Bataan, Lamao River, Merrill 2531 (type), June, 1903, For. Bur. 19136 Curran, December, 1909, For. Bur. 1786 Borden, August, 1904, Elmer 6700, November, 1904: Province of Laguna, San Antonio, Bur. Sci. 10951 Ramos, August, 1910. Mindoro, Baco River, Merrill 993, April, 1903. This form may ultimately prove to be worthy of specific rank, but as there is some doubt in my mind as to the correctness of my present inter- pretation of Columella geniculata, I have considered it expedient to indicate the present form merely as a variety. In aspect, pubescence, the much more prominent veins and reticulations, and somewhat in the shape of its leaflets it is decidedly different from the form I have referred to Columella geniculata, although in floral characters it closely approaches that species. The fruits when fresh are soft, fleshy, somewhat watery, pink, globose, and about 1.5 cm in diameter, shrinking much in drying. It occurs in thickets and in forests along streams at low altitudes. COLUMELLA CORNICULATA (Benth.) comb. nov. Vitis corniculata Benth. FI. Hongk. (1861) 54. Cissus corniculata Planch, in DC. Monog. Phan. 5 (1887) 563. Cayratia corniculata Gagnep. in Not. Syst. 1 (1911) 347. Luzon, Province of Bataan, Lamao River, Merrill 2535, 7206, June, 1903, March, 1911, with flowers and fruit, Whitford 23, April, 1904, with fruit only, For. Bur. 19155 Curran, December, 1909, with flowers and fruit, For. Bur. 2170 Meyer, with flowers and fruit, Williams 25, with fruit, Elmer 6672, with fruit: Province of Tayabas, Lucban, Elmer 7207, with flowers: Province of Laguna, San Antonio, Bur. Sci. 10935 Ramos, August, 1910: Province of Albay, For. Bur. 12389 Curran, June, 1908, with buds and fruit. 141612- 134 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 This species has previously been reported only from Hongkong and southern China, and most of the specimens cited above have here been determined as Cissus japonica Willd. In fact Gagnepain, conforming with this identification, recently cited Whitford 23, fruiting specimen only, under Willdenow’s species. An examination of the material in all stages, however, shows that the petals are very prominently corniculate, and the anthers are not longer than broad, so that the material cannot be referred to Cissus japonica. In all essential characters the Philippine specimens appear to agree with Cissus comiculata Planch., and with a single Hongkong specimen, Hongkong Bot. Gard. 1982, April 22, 1904, in the herbarium of the Bureau of Science. This latter specimen has some- what narrower, differently shaped, and fewer-nerved leaflets than has the Philippine material, and comparison of a full series of specimens may show sufficiently constant characters to warrant the later separation of the Philippine plant as a distinct species. At any rate our material cited above represents a form as distinct from Cissus japonica Willd., as is the Hongkong (typical) Cissus comiculata Planch. COLUMELLA TEN U I FOLIA (Heyne) comb. nov. Cissus tenuifolia Heyne in Wall. Cat. (1831) no. 6022; Planch, in DC. Monog. Phan. 5 (1887) 563. Vitis tenuifolia W. & A. Prodr. (1834) 129. Cayratia tenuifolia Gagnep. in Not. Syst. 1 (1911) 348. Batanes Islands, Batan, Bur. Sci. 3702 Fenix, June, 1907. Luzon, Province of Tayabas, Casiguran, Bur. Sci. 3110 Mearns. Basilan, Hallier s. n., January, 1904. The specimens cited above previously have been referred to Cissus japonica Willd., but following Gagnepain’s recent arrangement of the species of Cayratia they can hardly represent Willdenow’s species, as the anthers are orbicular or suborbicular. The Philippine specimens cited above certainly represent the same species as Callery 93, and Bodinier 2290, in our herbarium, both cited by Gagnepain under Cayratia tenuifolia Gagnep. India to southern China and Formosa, southward to Indo-China and the Andaman Islands. I have seen no Philippine material that I consider to be referable to Cayratia japonica (Willd.) Gagnep. In the present paper most of the specimens previously so named are referred to Columella comiculata (Benth.) Merr., and the remaining material to the present species. COLUMELLA TRI FOLIA (Linn.) comb. nov. Vitis trifolia Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 293. Cissus carnosa Lam. Encycl. 1 (1783) 31. Cissus trifolia K. Sch. FI. Kaiser Wilhelmsl. (1889) 71. Cayratia carnosa Gagnep. in Not. Syst. 1 (1911) 347. This species is common and widely distributed in the Philippines, being found throughout the Archipelago at low altitudes in the settled areas. India to China and southward to tropical Australia. COLUMELLA PEDATA Lour. FI. Cochinch. (1790) 85. Cissus pedata Lam. Encycl. 1 (1783) 31. Cayratia pedata Juss. in Diet. Class. Hist. Nat. 4 (1823) 136. xi, c, 3 Merrill: New Philippine Vitaceae 135 Luzon, Province of Rizal, Pantay, Bur. Sci. 13628 Ramos, August, 1911. This species is the type of the genus Columella of Loureiro, and extends from India and Ceylon to Indo-China and Java. COLUMELLA PTERITA sp. nov. Scandens, glabra, ramulis ramulisque herbaceis alato-hexa- gonis; foliis pedatim 7-foliolatis, petiolulo medio unifoliolato, lateralibus 3-foliolatis, foliolis membranaceis, grosse apiculato- serratis, longe tenuiter acuminatis, usque ad 9 cm longis ; semin- ibus 4, faceibus ventralibus 2. Scandent, glabrous in all parts, the branches somewhat fleshy when fresh, 6-angled, narrowly winged down each angle, the wings about 1 mm wide. Tendrils slender, forked, up to 30 cm in length. Leaves pedately 7-foliolate, their petioles 3 to 6 cm long; leaflets membranaceous, glabrous, ovate-lanceolate, the base acute, the apex long and slenderly acuminate, the margins coarsely serrate, the teeth apiculate, 7 to 9 cm long, 2 to 3.5 cm wide; petiolule of the middle leaflet 1 to 1.5 cm long, the common ones of the three lateral leaflets somewhat shorter, the petiolules proper of the lateral leaflets 5 mm long or less. Cymes rather lax, leaf-opposed or subterminal, about 12 cm long including the peduncle. Flowers greenish-white, 4-merous. Calyx truncate. Petals 4, 2 mm long, somewhat cucullate at the apex, obtuse, not at all corniculate. Fruit subglobose, about 1 cm in diameter, 4-seeded, the seeds trigonous, about 5 mm long (immature), the angles sharp, the faces somewhat rugose, the albumen in the form of the letter T in cross section. Ubian Island, Sulu Archipelago, Merrill 5388, October 12, 1906, in thickets back of the beach, distributed as Cissus alata. Similar to and manifestly allied to Cayratia japonica (Willd.) Gagnep., but distinguished from this and allied forms by its 7-foliolate leaves. COLUMELLA SI M PLICI FOLIA sp. nov. Frutex scandens, glaber, ramis ramulisque teretibus; foliis 1-foliolatis, petiolo 3 ad 4 cm longo, foliolis coriaceis, ovatis ad late ovato-ellipticis, usque ad 10 cm longis, acuminatis, basi late rotundatis, margine distanter crenulato-serrulatis, nervis utrin- que circiter 7, tenuibus, indistinctis vel subobsoletis, reticulis obsoletis; inflorescentiis axillaribus, 5 ad 7 cm longis, floribus ut videtur in ramulis ultimis umbellatim dispositis; fructibus carnosis, ellipsoideis ad obovoideis. A scandent glabrous vine, the branches and branchlets terete, glabrous, brownish when dry. Leaves reduced to a single leaflet, the petioles 3 to 4 cm long, the leaflet coriaceous, very brittle when dry, ovate to broadly ovate-elliptic, 7 to 10 cm long, 3.5 136 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 to 6 cm wide, narrowed above to the rather prominently acum- inate apex, the acumen blunt, the base broadly rounded, often slightly inequilateral, margins distantly crenulate-serrulate in the upper two-thirds, the basal part entire, of about the same color on both surfaces when dry, rather pale, not shining; lateral nerves about 7 on each side of the midrib, slender, obscure or subobsolete, the reticulations obsolete. Tendrils slender, 7 cm long or less. Inflorescence axillary, solitary, 5 to 7 cm long, rather narrow, the primary branches 1.5 cm long or less. Flowers not known, apparently umbellate on the ultimate branch- lets. Fruit, very immature, ellipsoid to obovoid, very fleshy, 5 to 8 mm long (apparently larger when mature), crowned by the remains of the style. Leyte, mountains back of Dagami, Bur. Sci. 15S08 Ramos, August 5, 1912, in forests. A species, although known from imperfect material, young fruits only being available, manifestly belonging in this genus. It is well characterized by its unifoliolate leaves, the single leaflets very greatly resembling the leaflets of a number of species of Tetrastigma. It was at first thought that the present species was referable to Tetrastigma, but the remains of the style and stigma on the young fruits shows no indications of the Tetrastigma-character, being quite entire. TETRASTIGMA Planchon • TETRASTIGMA HARMANDII Planch in DC. Monog. Phan. 5 (1887) 435; Gagnep. in Not. Syst. 1 (1910) 320. Tetrastima strumarum Gagnep. 1. c. 321, p. p., quoad Merrill 3258. Luzon, Province of Tarlac, Bur. Sci. 7798 Ramos, April, 1909, in flower: Province of Tarlac, For. Bur. 5169 Curran, September, 1906, in fruit: Manila, Philippine PI. 778 Merrill, March, 1911, in flower: Province of Bataan, Lamao River, Mount Mariveles, Williams 388, December, 1903, Whitford 16, April, 1904, in flower, Merrill 3258, October, 1903, in fruit, For. Bur. 2061 Borden, October, 1904, in fruit: Province of Rizal, Boso- boso, For. Bur. 1855, 819k Ahern’s collector, September, 1904, July, 1905, in fruit; Antipolo, Merrill 17 kO, March, 1903, in flower: Province of Laguna, Calauan, Bur. Sci. 12359 McGregor, December, 1910, in fruit; Los Banos, Hallier, December, 1903, sterile; Province of Tayabas, Sariaya, Whitford 578, August, 1904, in fruit. This species is known to the Tagalogs as ayo or ayu, and is the one described by Blanco as Vitis pedata FI. Filip. (1837) 71, ed. 2 (1845) 52 (non Linn.). The fruits are globose, russet-brown when mature, the pulp colorless or cream-colored, very juicy, acid or nearly tasteless, edible, and are eaten by the natives with fish. According to Mr. Borden’s notes the fleshy leaves are also eaten by the natives. Doctor Gagnepain a has referred Merrill 3258, fruiting specimen, to Tetrastigma strumarum (Planch.) Gagnep., and on the preceding page Not. Syst. 1 (1910) 321. XI, C, 3 Merrill: New Philippine Vitaceae 137 Whitford 16, flowering specimen, to T. harmandii Planch. He says: “Je ne puis separer de T. Harmandii les echantillons suivants des Philippines: Luzon central, Manille, Balic-balic, n° 356 [Loher] ; prov. de Bataan, monts Mariveles, n° 16 [Whitford].” There is absolutely no doubt but that Merrill 3258, October, is identical with, and is the fruiting stage of, Whitford 16, April, from the same locality, altitude, and habitat, and that Gagnepain was in error in referring the two to different species. The Philippine material appears to me to be referable to Tetrastigma harmandii Planch., rather than to T. strumarum (Planch.) Gagnep., and so far as the specimens are comparable, agrees with Thor el 13 U5 from Chochin China, in the herbarium of the Bureau of Science. The species is not uncommon in thickets on the low dry hills about Manila, and is now occasionally found in cultivation for the purpose of covering walls, shading porches, etc. Most of the specimens cited above have been determined, and the duplicates distributed, as Tetrastigma lan- ceolarium Planch. TETRASTIGMA PAPILLOSUM (Blume) Planch, in DC. Monog. Phan. 5 (1887) 429; Gagnep. in Not. Syst. 1 (1910) 317. Cissus papillosa Blume Bijdr. (1825) 183. Cissus suberosa Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 2 (1908) 493. Luzon, Province of Rizal, Oriud, Loher 5831, August, 1905, c? flowers. Negros, Cuernos Mountains, Elmer 9500, March, 1908 (type number of Cissus suberosa Elm.). Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Mrs. Clemens s. n., four collections, September, October, November, 1906, September, 1907, with both flowers and fruits: District of Davao, Mount Apo, Elmer 11650, September, 1909. Java, Borneo, and New Guinea. This species is well characterized by its papillose branchlets, and is apparently closely allied to Tetrastigma ramentaceum Planch., of Cochin China, a cotype of which is in the herbarium of the Bureau of Science. Although I have seen no extra-Philippine material of Tetrastigma papillo- sum, I have no hesitation in reducing to it Cissus suberosa Elmer. Mr. Elmer’s species is in all respects a Tetrastigma, not a Cissus, and our material agrees perfectly with the descriptions of Blume’s species. TETRASTIGMA CLEM ENTIS sp. nov. Frutex scandens inflorescentiis exceptis glaber; foliis 3-folio- latis, foliolis chartaceis vel subcoriaceis, subellipticis, utrinque subaequaliter angustatis, basi acutis, apice breviter acuminatis, usque ad 15 cm longis, margine distanter serratis ; inflorescentiis densis, brevibus, ferrugineo-pubescentibus, multifloris, breviter pedunculatis, quam petiolo brevioribus; floribus 4-meris, petalis extus pubescentibus, obtusis, ovario pubescente. A vine, glabrous except the inflorescence, or the younger parts slightly pubescent, the tendrils up to 20 cm in length, the stems and branches terete, brownish when dry. Leaves 3-foliolate, their petioles 3 to 10 cm long; leaflets subelliptic, 9 to 15 cm long, 4.5 to 8 cm wide, subequally narrowed at both ends, the base acute, the apex shortly acuminate, chartaceous or subco- 138 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 riaceous, when dry of about the same color on both surfaces, pale or brownish, dull or slightly shining, margins distantly serrate, the teeth mostly small; nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib, the reticulations obscure; petiolules of the lateral leaflets 8 to 10 mm long, of the middle one 2.5 to 4 cm long. Inflorescence axillary, dense, many-floweTed, ferruginous or brownish-pubescent, 3 cm long or less, the peduncles usually about 1 cm long, umbellately branched. Female flowers 4- merous, their pedicels short. Calyx shallowly cup-shaped, 1.2 mm in diameter, very obscurely 4-toothed. Petals oblong, obtuse, cucullate, not at all corniculate, uniformly pubescent externally, about 2 mm long. Staminodes slender, dilated at the apex, about 1 mm long. Ovary cylindric-ovoid, uniformly pu- bescent; stigma sessile, distinctly 4-lobed, about 1 mm in dia- meter. Male flowers similar, shorter, 4- or 5-merous, the anthers 1 mm long. Fruit not seen. Mindanao, Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley, Mrs. Clemens s. n., November, 1906 (type) ; also from the same locality, No. 85, January, 1906, s. n., January, 1907. A specimen with male flowers, November, 1906, is probably the same; this has its leaves 3-foliolate and 1-foliolate on the same branchlet. A species well characterized by its pubescent petals and ovaries, its 3-foliolate leaves with elliptic leaflets, and its very unequal petiolules, that of the middle leaflet being very much longer than those of the lateral ones. The dense inflorescense which is uniformly brownish or ferruginous- pubescent is also characteristic. TETRASTIGMA ELLIPTICUM sp. nov. Frutex scandens, glaber; foliis 3-foliolatis, foliolis ellipticis, coriaceis, in siccitate brunneis, usque ad 13 cm longis, apice acu- minatis apiculatisque, base subrotundatis ad subacutis, margine distanter serrulatis; inflorescentiis amplis, ut videtur laxis, cir- citer 20 cm longis; fructibus anguste obovoideis, circiter 1 cm longis. A scandent glabrous vine, the branches rather slender, terete, lenticellate, dark-colored when dry. Leaves 3-foliolate, the pet- ioles 4 to 5 cm long, the rachis produced about 3 cm above the insertion of the lateral leaflets ; leaflets 3, elliptic, sometimes ellip- tic-ovate, coriaceous, the smaller ones 6 cm long and 4 cm wide, the larger up to 13 cm long and 7 cm wide, brown when dry, slightly shining, the lower surface a little paler than the upper, the apex prominently and rather slenderly acuminate, the acumen apiculate, base somewhat rounded on subacute, margins distantly denticulate; lateral nerves about 8 on each side of the midrib, xi, c, 3 Merrill: New Philippine Vitaceae 139 not prominent, the reticulations lax, faint ; petiolules 5 to 8 mm long. Inflorescence axillary and terminal, lax, the axillary ones in fruit up to 20 cm long, the terminal ones sometimes 30 cm in length, divaricately branched. Flowers unknown. Fruit nar- rowly obovoid, about 1 cm long, 5 to 7 mm wide, smooth, nar- rowed below to the acute base, the apex blunt, tipped by the remains of the stigma, the pericarp thin, brown when dry, show- ing the rugosities of the seed which is about 8 mm long, slightly compressed, subelliptic in outline. Basilan, Bur. Sci. 16178 Reillo, September, 1912. A species greatly resembling Tetrastigma laxum Merr., and unquestion- ably closely allied to that form; different, however, in its much larger leaflets, the rachis of the leaves much extended beyond the lateral leaflets. TETRASTIGMA EVERETTII sp. nov. Frutex scandens inflorescentiis exceptis glaber ; foliis longe pe- tiolatis, pedatim 5- ad 7-foliolatis, foliolis oblongis ad oblongo- obovatis, usque ad 20 cm longis, acuminatis, basi acutis, margine grosse irregulariter acute sinuato-serratis, nervis utrinque 7 ad 10, curvatis, subtus distinctis; inflorescentiis axillaribus, longe pedunculatis, 2- vel 3-pinnatim umbellatis, pubescentibus ; floribus S 4-meris, umbellatis, petalis extus pubescentibus, oblongis, acutis, intus cucullatis, 3.5 ad 4 mm longis. A scandent vine, glabrous except the inflorescence, the branches terete, striate, dark-brown when dry. Leaves long-petioled, ped- ately 5- or 7-foliolate, the petioles 13 to 16 cm long, the leaflets oblong to oblong-obovate, 12 to 20 cm long, 4 to 8 cm wide, slightly shining, of about the same color on both surfaces when dry, the base acute, apex sharply acuminate, the margins in the upper two- thirds prominently and coarsely sinuate-serrate, the teeth irreg- ular in size, acute; nerves 6 to 10 on each side of the midrib, distinct beneath, curved, the reticulations subobsolete; petiolule of the middle leaflet up to 4 cm in length, those of the lateral ones much shorter. Inflorescence axillary, pubescent, solitary, 2- or 3-pinnately umbellate, 10 to 12 cm long, the peduncle longer than the floriferous portion, bearing at its apex 3 to 5, elongated, primary branches. Flowers white, 4-merous, umbellately ar- ranged at the tips of the ultimate branchlets, their pedicels pubescent, 5 to 8 mm long. Calyx disklike, truncate, 1.2 mm in diameter. Petals 4, oblong-ovate, acute or obtuse, prominently cucullate at the apex inside, 3.5 to 4 mm long, not at all cornic- ulate. Disk prominent in the staminate flowers, glabrous, 2 mm in diameter. Filaments 2 mm long; anthers orbicular-elliptic, 1 mm long. Female flowers nor seen. 140 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 Negros, Barlin, For. Bur. 11217 Everett, April 21, 1908, reaching the tops of tall trees, growing at an altitude of about 90 meters, locally known as langingi. Well characterized by its ample, long-petioled, pedately 5- or 7-foliolate leaves, its coarsely sinuate-serrate leaflets, its long-peduncled, pubescent inflorescence, and its relatively large flowers. It resembles Tetrastigma magnum Merr., of Luzon, but differs, among other characters, in its pubescent inflorescence. TETRASTIGMA LAXUM sp. nov. Frutex glaber scandens, ramis ramulisque teretibus ; foliis pal- matim 3-foliolatis, foliolis coriaceis, in siccitate brunneis, ellip- ticis vel ovato-ellipticis, 4 ad 7 cm longis, utrinque subaequaliter angustatis, basi acutis, apice acute acuminatis apiculatisque, margine supra denticulatis ; inflorescentiis oppositifoliis, laxis, circiter 10 cm longis, longe pedunculatis, divaricato ramosis; floribus $ 4-meris, in ramulis ultimis umbellatis, petalis glabris, 2 mm longis, apiculato-acuminatis. A scandent, entirely glabrous vine reaching a length of 20 m and a diameter of 12 cm, the branches and branchlets slender, terete, brown, the branches sparingly lenticellate. Ten- drils not seen. Leaves palmately 3-foliolate, their petioles 1.5 to 3 cm long; leaflets coriaceous, dark-brown when dry, slightly shining, the lower surface a little paler than the upper, elliptic to ovate-elliptic, subequally narrowed at both ends, 4 to 7 cm long, 1.5 to 3 cm wide, the base acute, the apex rather promi- nently and sharply acuminate, the acumen apiculate, the margins in the upper one-half distantly and minutely denticulate; lateral nerves 4 or 5 on each side of the midrib, very obscure, the reti- culations obsolete ; petiolules 6 to 15 mm long, those of the lateral leaflets usually shorter than that of the middle one. Inflores- cence slender, axillary, about 10 cm long, often wider than long, slenderly peduncled, divaricately branched above the mid- dle, lax, many-flowered, the flowers umbellately disposed on the ultimate branchlets, 3 to 5 in each umbel, their pedicels 2 to 3 mm long. Male flowers: Calyx subtruncate or obscurely 4- toothed ; petals 4, spreading, oblong, 2 mm long, distinctly cucul- late at the apex, quite glabrous, not corniculate, but the apex apiculate-acuminate ; filaments slender, 1 mm long; anthers about 0.2 mm long, broader than long; disk prominent, glabrous, obscurely 4-lobed. Female flowers and fruits not seen. Luzon, Province of Bataan, Lamao River, For. Bur. 2495 Borden (type), For. Bur. 2510 Meyer, January, 1905, climbing on large trees in dry forests and thickets, altitude 30 to 60 meters; the flowers fragrant, pale-green. A species well characterized by its 3-foliolate leaves, the leaflets dark- xi, c, 3 Merrill: New Philippine Vitaceae 141 brown when dry, coriaceous; its lax, long-peduncled panicles; and its apiculate petals. It appears to be allied to Tetrastigma brunneum Merr., but has entirely different male flowers. A third species with its leaves consistently dark brown when dry is represented by fruiting specimens from Benguet Subprovince, Elmer 5976, with immature fruits, and Bur. Sci. 13512 Ramos, with mature fruits. It may prove to be the same as the species just described, but it appears to be different, and has 3- to 5-foliolate leaves. TETRASTIGMA LITTORALE sp. nov. Frutex scandens inflorescentiis exceptis glaber, ramis tere- tibus; foliis pedatim 7-foliolatis, foliolis ellipticis vel ovato- ellipticis, coriaceis, usque ad 15 cm longis, in siccitate pallidis, abrupte brevissime acuminatis, basi acutis vel rotundatis, nervis utrinque 5 vel 6 ; inflorescentiis axillaribus, leviter pubescentibus, 3- vel 4-pinnatim umbellato-corymbosis ; floribus 4-meris, pe- talis oblongo-ovatis, acutis, vix corniculatis, supra extus parce pubescentibus; ovario glabro. A vine 10 to 15 m in length, glabrous except the inflorescence, the branches brownish, terete, more or less lenticellate. Leaves pedately 7-foliolate, the petioles stout, 5 to 6 cm long, the middle leaflet larger than the lateral ones, its petiolule 3 to 4 cm long, the common petiolule of the three lateral leaflets 1.5 to 2.5 cm in length, the petiolules proper 5 to 15 mm long; leaflets sub- coriaceous or coriaceous, rather pale when dry, of the same color on both surfaces and dull or slightly shining, elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 8 to 15 cm long, 4.5 to 9 cm wide, the middle one larger than the others which gradually decrease in size out- ward, abruptly and shortly acumnate, the base acute or rounded, of the lateral ones somewhat inequilateral, the margin more or less recurved, distantly and irregularly serrate-crenate ; nerves 5 or 6 on each side of the midrib, curved, the reticu- lations lax, obscure. Inflorescence axillary, peduncled, solitary, about as long as the petioles, sparingly pubescent with scattered hairs, the peduncle 1.5 to 2 cm long, bearing about 4 umbellately arranged primary branches of about the same length as the peduncle, these again umbellately branched, the ultimate branch- lets with from 10 to 15 umbellately arranged flowers, their pedicels pubescent, 3 to 4 mm long. Pistillate flowers greenish- white, 4-merous. Calyx very obscurely and broadly lobed, or truncate. Petals 4, oblong-ovate, acute, 2.5 to 2.8 mm long, free, reflexed in anthesis, neither cucullate nor spurred, below glabrous, near the apex sparingly pubescent. Staminodes slender, 1.5 mm long. Ovary ovoid, glabrous, more or less nar- rowed upward but not attenuate, about 1.5 mm long; stigma 142 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 sessile, disklike, obscurely and shallowly 4-lobed. Fruit (im- mature green, ovoid to ellipsoid, about 1 cm long. Palawan, Ulugan Bay, sprawling over trees along the seashore, Merrill 7215, September 19, 1910. Apparently closely allied to Tetrastigma lanaceolarium Planch., but distinguished by its 7-foliolate leaves, and its very differently shaped, relatively broad leaflets. TETRASTIGMA MAGNUM sp. nov. Frutex scandens glaber; foliis pedatim 7-foliolatis, longe pe- tiolatis, foliolis oblongis vel elliptico-oblongis, chartaceis, usque ad 18 cm longis, subcaudato-acuminatis, margine grosse irreg- ulariter sinuato-serratis vel serrato-lobatis, nervis utrinque 12 ad 15, distinctis; inflorescentiis oppositifoliis, amplis, usque ad 15 cm longis, laxis, subumbellato-cymosis ; fructibus immaturis obovoideis, 6 mm longis. A large, coarse, scandent vine, quite glabrous, the branches terete, striate when dry, usually olivaceous, sparingly lenticel- late. Tendrils 20 to 30 cm in length. Leaves large, pedately 7-foliolate, their petioles stout, 8 to 12 cm long; leaflets char- taceous, brownish-olivaceous when dry, shining, oblong to elliptic- oblong, 10 to 18 cm long, 4 to 7 cm wide, the middle one usually somewhat larger than the outermost lateral ones, base acute, apex rather shortly, abruptly, subcaudate acuminate, margins very coarsely and irregularly sinuate-serrate or serrate-lobed, the teeth sharp ; nerves rather prominent on the lower surface, 12 to 15 on each side of the midrib; petiolule of the middle leaflet up to 5 cm long, the common ones of the 3 lateral leaflets about 3 cm long, their petiolules proper 1 to 1.5 cm long, of the outermost shorter than the inner ones. Inflorescence leaf- opposed, lax, ample, about 15 cm long, peduncled, at first dichoto- mously branched, then umbellately branched, the flowers umbel- lately arranged on the ultimate branchlets. Flowers 4-merous. Calyx truncate. Petals not seen. Ovary ovoid, glabrous, the stigma sessile, distinctly 4-lobed, the lobes about as long as wide. Fruit immature, obovoid, about 8 mm long. Luzon, Province of Rizal, without definite locality, Bur. Sci. 13610 Ramos, August, 1911, in forests. A species well characterized by its large, pedately 7-foliolate, long- petioled leaves; its rather prominently nerved, very coarsely toothed leaves; and its ample, lax inflorescence, which is about 15 cm in length and about as wide as long'. TETRASTIGMA ROBINSONII sp. nov. Frutex scandens inflorescentiis exceptis glaber; ramis tere- tibus, striatis, leviter lenticellato-rugosis ; foliis 3-foliolatis, xi, c, 3 Merrill: New Philippine Vitaceae 143 foliolis oblongo-ovatis, breviter acuminatis, chartaceis, usque ad 18 cm longis, margine distanter denticulato-crenatis ; inflores- centiis axillaribus, pubescentibus bipinnatim umbellatis, quam petiolo brevioribus ; floribus 4-meris, petalis extus pubescentibus, oblongo-ovatis vel ovatis, obtusis, apice vix corniculatis, haud cucullatis; ovario glabro; stigmatibus sessilibus, 4-lobatis, lobis brevibus. A scandent shrub, glabrous except the inflorescence. Branches terete, striate, brownish-gray when dry, longitudinally striate, sparingly rugose with prominent lenticels. Tendrils simple, leaf-opposed, 15 cm long or longer. Leaves 3-foliolate, their petioles about 5 cm long ; leaflets oblong-ovate, chartaceous, rather pale when dry, of the same color and slightly shining or dull on both surfaces, 11 to 18 cm long, 4.5 to 10 cm wide, the apex shortly acuminate, the base acute or somewhat rounded, the margins distantly denticulate-crenate ; nerves 7 to 10 on each side of the midrib, distant, curved, not very prominent, the reticulations lax, obscure ; petiolule of the middle leaflet 3 to 3.5 cm long, of the lateral ones about 1 cm long. Inflorescence axillary, peduncled, bipinnately umbellate, pubescent, about 4 cm long, the peduncles solitary or in pairs, 1.5 to 2 cm long, each bearing from 3 to 5 umbellately arranged primary branches 1 to 1.5 cm in length, each primary branch bearing numerous, um- bellately arranged flowers, their pedicels 3 to 5 mm in length. Staminate flowers: Calyx disklike, truncate, about 1.5 mm in diameter. Petals 4, ovate to oblong-ovate, uniformly pubescent externally, 2.5 mm long, free, obtuse, not corniculate at the apex and but little cucullate. Staminodes about 1 mm long, slender, spatulate. Ovary ovoid or subglobose, glabrous, not attenuate, apex abruptly rounded, 1.5 mm long; stigma sessile, 4-lobed, the lobes spreading, short, about as long as wide. Polillo, Bur. Sci. 10400 McGregor, October 18, 1909, flowers pale yellow. Apparently most closely allied to Tetrastigma quadridens Pierre of Cochin China, but still very different from that species according to its description. TETRASTIGMA STENOPHYLLUM sp. nov. Species T. loheri similis et affinis, difltert foliolis angustioribus, ovario papilloso. A tendril-bearing slender vine, glabrous except the inflo- rescence, the branchlets terete, slender, grayish-brown, sparingly lenticellate. Leaves 3-foliolate, their petioles 1 to 1.5 cm long; leaflets lanceolate, chartaceous, rather pale, of the same color on 144 The Philippine Journal of Science ms both surfaces and slightly shining when dry, acuminate, base acute or somewhat rounded, the margins very distantly and obscurely denticulate or subentire, the middle leaflet longer than the lateral ones, equilateral, 10 to 12 cm long, 2 to 2.5 cm wide, its petiolule as long as the petiole, the lateral leaflets somewhat inequilateral, sometimes slightly falcate, 7 to 10 cm long, their petioles about 3 mm long; lateral nerves about 10, obscure, the reticulations lax, subobsolete. Inflorescence pubescent, 2 to 3 cm long, 2- or 3-pinnately umbellate-corymbose, the flowers umbel- lately arranged on the ultimate branchlets, their pedicels 1.5 to 2 mm long. Female flowers: Calyx very obscurely lobed or truncate. Petals 4, oblong, obtuse, 2 mm long, free, reflexed in anthesis, pubescent externally, slightly thickened and cucullate at the apex, often with an apical gland but not cor- niculate. Ovary ovoid, pubescent, 1.5 mm long; stigma sessile, 4-lobed, the lobes stellate, narrowly .oblong, 0.4 mm long. Luzon, Province of La Union, Bauang, Bur. Sci. 12964 Fenix, December, 1910, along streams, flowers pink. A species with quite the general appearance of Tetrastigma loheri Gagnep., differing in its pubescent ovaries and stellate stigmas. TETRASTIGMA LOHERI Gagnep. in Not. Syst. 1 (1910) 265. 323. Tetrastigma philippinense Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 7 (1912) Bot. 86. This species is merely enumerated to call attention to the reduction of Tetrastigma philippinense Merr. to T. loheri Gagnep. Fragments of Loher S71, the type of Gagnepain’s species, received from Kew and from Dr. Gagnepain, convince me that the form I described as Tetrastigma philip- pinense under the impression that it was a species distinguishable from T. loheri Gagnep. in certain floral characters, is really identical with Tetrastigma loheri. It is accordingly here reduced. VITIS Linnaeus VITIS FLEXUOSA Thunb. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 2 (1793) 103; Planch, in DC. Monog. Phan. 5 (1887) 347 ; Gagnep. in Mem. Soc. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun 24 (1911) reprint 28. Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Baguio, Elmer 5880, March, 1904, with perfect flowers and immature fruits, Williams 1052, June, 1904, with mature fruits, For Bur. 5142 Curran, August, 1906, with mature fruits, Bur. Sci. 3371 Mearns, May, 1907, with male flowers, Bur. Sci. 13488 Ramos, May, 1911, with male flowers. Gagnepain, 1. c., has referred Elmer 5880 to the forma malaiana Planch., previously known only from Java, but if the various forms desig- nated by Planchon are to be maintained, there is no reason why Blume’s original name, sylvestris (sub Vitis), should not be retained. Gagnepain notes that the different forms designated by Planchon pass into each other xi, c, 3 Merrill: New Philippine Vitaceae 145 without well-marked differences. The species extends from Japan and Korea to the Himalayan region southward to southern China, Indo-China, and Java. Except for the introduced and occasionally cultivated European Vitis vinifera L., the above is the only true Vitis known from the Philippines. LEE A Royen ex Linnaeus LEEA PARVI FOLIOLA sp. nov. Frutex circiter 3 m altus, inflorescentiis minute puberulis ex- ceptis glaber; foliis decompositis, superioribus circiter 45 cm longis, foliolis numerosis, oblongo-ovatis ad oblongo-lanceolatis, acuminatis, 3 ad 6 cm longis ; inflorescentiis amplis, laxis, 15 ad 20 cm in diametro, ramulis ultimis puberulis, ceteris glabris; floribus 5-merous, rubris. A shrub about 3 m high, nearly glabrous, the younger portions of the inflorescence only puberulent. Leaves about 45 cm long, their petioles hardly dilated at the base, decompound, the lower pinnae about 20 cm in length. Leaflets numerous, membrana- ceous or chartaceous, slightly shining, the lower surfaces some- what paler than the upper when dry, oblong-ovate to oblong- lanceolate, 3 to 6 cm long, 1 to 2 cm wide, slenderly acuminate, base acute, margins regularly and rather finely serrate; lateral nerves slender, about 10 on each side of the midrib in larger leaves, fewer in smaller ones; petiolules slender, short, terete or sub- terete. Inflorescence ample, 20 cm long, in full anthesis 15 to 20 cm wide, peduncled, di- and trichotomously branched, flower- bearing only on the ultimate branchlets, the older parts glabrous, the ultimate branchlets puberulent. Flowers 5-merous, reddish, very numerous, their pedicels puberulent, about 1.5 mm long. Calyx 3 mm in diameter, with 5 very broadly ovate, acute, 1 mm long lobes. Corolla 4 mm long, the free parts of the petals narrowly ovate, tapering gradually to the acute tip, 2 mm long. Tube obovoid, about 2.5 mm in diameter, the lobes oblong, about 1 mm long, prominently retuse. Anthers 1.5 mm long. Mindanao, District cf Cotabato, Gian, For. Bur. 1^2bl Tarrosa, May 25, 1912, slightly above sea level. A species well characterized by its numerous, comparatively small leaflets and the retuse lobes to the staminal tube. Its alliance seems to be with Leea manillensis Walp., from which, however, it is readily distin- guished by the characters given above. [Vol. XI, No. 1, including pages 1 to 48, was issued June 12, 1916; Vol. XI, No. 2, including pages 49 to 100, was issued June 24, 1916.] ■ . I ■ . ' ■ . . ■ . ' ■ - ■ ■ . ' ■ ' . •• PUBLICATIONS FOR SALE BY THE BUREAU OF SCIENCE, MANILA, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS— Continued BOTANY A FLORA OF MANILA By Elmer D. Merrill Order No. 419. Paper, 490 pages, $2.50, postpaid. Practically a complete flora of the cul- tivated areas in the Philippines. Descrip- tions, with keys, of over 1,000 species, 590 genera, and 136 families, with native names, glossary of technical terms, etc. PHILIPPINE DIPTEROCARP FORESTS By William H. Brown and Donald M. Mathews Order No. 432. Paper, 150 pages, 1 map, 13 plates, and 12 diagrams, $1.00, postpaid. In Philippine Dipterocarp Forests the authors present a very comprehensive discus- sion of the growth and development of dip- terocarp trees and of ihe other elements of lowland Philippine forests. INDO-MALAYAN WOODS By Fred W. Foxworthy Order No. 411. 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O. Box 54, Calcutta, India. Entered at the post office at Manila, P. I., as second-olass matter. VOL. XI, Sec. C, No. 4 July, 1916 A. THE PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE ALVIN J. COX, M. A., Ph. D. GENERAL EDITOR Section C. Botany E. D. MERRILL, M. S. EDITOR WITH THE COOPERATION OF W. H. BROWN, Ph. D. ; E. B. COPELAND, Ph. D. F. W. FOXWORTHY, Ph. D.; L. M. GUERRERO, Phar. D. C. F. BAKER, A. M. ; R. C. McGREGOR, A. B. MANILA BUREAU OF PRINTING 1916 PUBLICATIONS FOR SALE BY THE BUREAU OF SCIENCE, MANILA, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS ETHNOLOGY A VOCABULARY OF THE IGOROT LAN- GUAGE AS SPOKEN BY THE BONTOC IGOROTS By Walter Clayton Clapp Order No. 408. Paper. 89 pages, $0.75, postpaid. The vocabulary is given in Igorot-English and English-lgorot. THE NABALOI DIALECT By Otto Scheerer and THE BATAKS OF PALAWAN By Edward Y. Miller Order No. 403. Paper, $0.25; half mo- rocco, $0.75; postpaid. The Nabaloi Dialect (65 pages, 29 plates) and the Bataks of Palawan (7 pages, 6 plates) are bound under one cover. 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I.) We all cherish and esteem the truth. Those of us engaged in educational work and in scientific pursuits are devoted to the discovery, understanding, and promulgation of the truth, but our effectiveness in this work is somewhat qualified by individual and general peculiarities of mental equipment. Aside from the individual extremes of attitude, such as, on the one hand, that of the man who has such confidence in the stability of the truth that he trusts it to rise triumphant after every assault, and, on the other hand, that of the miser who treats it as one famous miser did his cheese, as something too precious to be exposed to the light, there is a very general disposition, based on the common love of novelty and contempt for the familiar, to value truth in proportion as it is unknown, unfamiliar, or unaccepted. The bizarre always attracts attention. Nobody publishes the fact that two equal two, or that two plus two equal four ; and the demonstration that the square on the hypoth- enuse is equal to the sum of the squares on the other two sides of a right-angled triangle would attract no attention and is only published in elementary geometries. On the other hand, a plausible argument against the last proposition would be published and widely circulated and would attract considerable attention, even if it were not believed. No one pays any attention to the accepted fact that parallel lines will not meet, but a geometry based on the assumption that they will meet is widely heralded. The general principle of natural selection has been accepted as an established fact for the past fifty years, and for twenty or 147 143044 148 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 thirty years it has been accepted as truth so definitely established and generally accepted that any evidence, that is subject to con- struction as impairing its validity, attracts an undue amount of attention for this reason alone, and is likely to be accepted by those to whom the novel appeals with special force, and by others who may have escaped thorough grounding in the evidence for natural selection. The latter class is a larger one than it was some time ago, because the practically universal acceptance of natural selection has seemed to make unnecessary the presentation of evidence for it with the thoroughness that was customary when it was a subject of dispute, or while it also made an appeal on the basis of novelty. As examples of ideas that have made their appeal largely on the basis of their assumed value as evidence against natural selection, there may be mentioned the determinate variation heresy based on geological evidence, and the mutation idea, when extended be- yond its author’s intention and construed as having any relation to the validity of the natural-selection principle. In general, such attacks attract little or no attention from those whose belief in natural selection is thoroughly grounded, for the reason that the iteration of familiar truth is not always wel- comed, and that in general, any argument against a principle that seems to those who appreciate it to be absolutely unassail- able, seems hardly worth replying to. In spite of these two ideas, it seems to me that, for the sake of economy itself, it is occasionally worth while to defend a principle even as widely accepted as that of natural selection, for the simple reason that intelligent but unqualified acceptance of really fundamental principles is always conducive to the efficiency of investigation, and that if scientific heresy be too completely ignored, the weakening of real scientific foundations may reach a troublesome point. Therefore, at the risk of placing myself in the un- popular position of an Aristides, I expressed myself publicly regarding the unreasonable application of the mutation theory, while it was new. Too little attention to this and other similar publications about the same time and the continued entertain- ment of the novelty of an idea that could be entertained as in opposition to natural selection have let the errors grow and have recently justified the publication of more careful and ex- tensive work in contradiction of the same kind. There comes now Dr. John C. Willis, who, as an excellent botanist, has accumulated a mass of throughly established and very interesting information — valuable if properly construed as collateral evidence on the general principle of natural selection, XI, C, 4 Copeland: Natural Selection 149 but which he construes as opposed to this principle.1 This evidence has been published from time to time, always with the implication which seems to me to be clearly a mistake, until it seems to be well worth while to point out that this mass of information has its value in the field of science that has its basic principle in the doctrine of natural selection, but has no value whatever in opposition to this doctrine. Doctor Willis’s early attacks on the theory of natural selection were devoted primarily to the support of the mutation theory and its application to questions of survival. In making the facts then at his disposal seem to invalidate the theory of natural selection, he made demands upon the theory that seem to me quite unfair, and then proposed that the theory be discarded, because its supporters could not meet these demands. For example, in the Annals of the Paradeniya Royal Botanic Gardens, volume IV, page 3, we find (italics mine) : Now, upon the theory of natural selection of infinitesimal variations, it is evident that any structure whatsoever must be capable of being shown to be or to have been — (1) Of some actual use now; or (2) Of some use in the past, in its present or in a different, and perhaps larger (less aborted) form; oi- ls) Correlated with some useful structure, whether visible or not. I will agree that, upon the theory of natural selection, any structure must be of use, have been of use, or be present as a result of correlation. Perhaps, if it be of use, it is capable of being shown to be of use. But by whom? To demand that any particular person or any one generation explain the uses of all structures is to demand omniscience. It is no more the fault of the theory than it is of the structure, if its interpretation escape us. I believe that the use of the great majority of 1 1. Some evidence against the theory of the origin of species by natural selection, etc. Ann. Roy. Bot. Gardens Peradeniya 4 (1907) 1—15. 2. Further evidence against the origin of species by infinitesimal varia- tions. Ibid. 17-19. 3. The geographical distribution of the Dilleniaceae, etc., Ibid. 69-77. 4. The floras of hill tops in Ceylon. Ibid. 4 (1908) 131-138. 5. On the lack of adaptation in the Tristichaceae and Podostemaceae. Proc. Roy. Soc. London B. 87 (1914) 532. 6. The origin of the Tristichaceae and Podostemaceae. Ann. Bot. 29 (1915) 299. 7. The endemic flora of Ceylon, with reference to geographical distri- bution and evolution in general. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London B. 206 (1915) 307-342. 8. The evolution of species in Ceylon, with reference to the dying out of species. Ann. Bot. 30 (1916) 1-23. 150 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 familiar structures is understood at the present time. Addi- tional structures are being interpreted in terms of utility from time to time. I can remember when the serrate leaf-margin was apparently a good example of a distinctive structure pre- sumed to be beyond the reach of selection; but, for the past decade, the serrate margin has been understood to be useful under particular conditions and to be correlated in usefulness with other adaptive structures. Doctor Willis continues to preach mutation in his latest paper, and I would argue at greater length against the application to natural selection of his opinions on mutation, if it were not that he has himself presented with striking clearness a con- clusion which does away with any necessity of argument on the subject. In the Philosophical Transactions (pp. 329, 330) he says: We have no criterion to go by, by which to affirm that a certain specific difference is “small” and another “large.” We have no right to say, for example, that if a leaf of one species is simple and of another compound, this is a larger difference' than if one is pinnatifid, the other pinnatipartite. We have not the least idea whether the changes in internal construction of the nucleus necessary to form Jordanian species are in any way different from, or smaller or larger than those necessary to give Linnaean species. And a little farther along, We must simply take account of all definite and hereditary differences, whether we consider them large or small. Every one appears to imply a mutation, but whether some mutations are large and others small, we have no idea, for we do not know in what a mutation really consists. It seems to me better to adopt the' hypothesis that any specific difference may appear at one step, whether it be large or small. But we may go further than this, and claim that even “larger” differences than any we' have as yet discussed may also arise at one step. For instance, the endemic Coleus elongatus on the top of Ritigala differs so much from all other Colei in its equally toothed calyx, and raceme-like inflorescence, as well as in other points, that it must probably be regarded as almost, if not quite sub-generically distinct. Yet the whole species is confined to the summit of this one mountain and exists there as about a dozen individuals, a number which can never have been much exceeded, if at all; and it must in all reasonable probability have arisen there at one step. But even with the formation of a sub-genus the possibilities of single mutations do not cease. * * * The distinction between genus and species is really more or less artificial, depending upon our ideas as to what are large and what are small changes. With these ideas, I am in most complete accord. As long ago as 1904, 2 I concluded (p. 426) that “Mutations, or discontinuous variations, and the most insignificant of individual variations J The variations of some California plants. Bot. Gaz. 38 (1904) 401-426. XI, C, 4 Copeland: Natural Selection 151 are parts of one unbroken series.” The distinction between genus and species is certainly artificial. So, likewise, is any attempt to frame a definition of a species by which one may decide what differences are specific, what are varietal, what are Jordanian, and, without prolonged study, what are merely inci- dental and not hereditary at all. There is no way of distinguish- ing between big and little specific differences nor between big and little differences that are not specific. Certainly, we may affirm that some differences are big and some others are little; but, between the big and the little ones, nature presents an absolutely continuous series of intermediate differences, which we can surely find, if it is worth our while and we exercise sufficient patience. In the recent paper which most completely summarizes his views,3 and which presents facts and methods of presentation of such value that they deserve careful attention, Doctor Willis places in apparent opposition to the theory of natural selection, the theory that the commonness of species and the distribution of species is a function of their age. In the Flora of Ceylon by Trimen and Hooker are notes by Trimen indicating the commonness or distribution of all Angio- sperms, except Gramineae (for which family Doctor Willis has himself made these notes), by classification into six groups, which in their order are Very Common (VC), Common (C), Rather Common (RC), Rather Rare (RR), Rare (R), and Very Rare (VR). “Very Rare” means very local, and, on the whole, the classification refers more to distribution than to local abun- dance. Doctor Willis has extracted and tabulated these notes on distribution, in connection with the preparation of his Revised Catalogue of the Indigenous Flowering Plants and Ferns of Ceylon, and the analysis of all these statements is presented with consummate clearness in a series of tables. In making these analyses, he has classified the indigenous plants of Ceylon under three heads: First: Endemic species; second: Species confined to Ceylon and Peninsular India; and third: Species of wider distribution. His tables show conclu- sively (p. 311) that: “In general the rarest plants in Ceylon are the local endemics, and the commonest those of wide distribution. This is not at all the' result that one would expect had the endemics, as is usually supposed, been developed by the aid of natural selection to suit the' local conditions.” From 3 Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. B. 206 (1915) 307-342. Pag'e references not stated to be otherwise are to this paper. 152 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 these tables and his discussion, he makes two chief conclusions (p. 320), “The first of which is that the' local endemic species have not been— as I have already shown in other ways in other papers — developed in any kind of advantageous response to local conditions, as must have occurred did natural selection obtain.” To this conclusion, we will return later. (p. 325) “The second conclusion that we may, I think, justly draw from the remarkable Tables which have been set out is that, on the average, the commonness of a species depends upon the time that has elapsed from the period it was first evolved in, or arrived in, the country.” And again (p. 340), “The second conclusion drawn is that on the average the commonness of a species depends upon its age from the time of its arrival in, or evolution in, the country. The commonness of any individual specie's will, of course, also depend upon its degree of adaptation to local conditions, and upon many things which can only be regarded as chance, such as the sudden appearance of new factors, like diseases, etc., in the problem. In other words, on the average, species are developed quite indifferently to local conditions, though it is possible that they may be developed because of those conditions.” It is the second of these conclusions which unquestionably follows from the figures that Doctor Willis has collected and so clearly presented. This general idea, that geographical distribu- tion and the age of species are correlated, was explained and used by Doctor Willis in 1907 [Annals of Royal Botanic Gardens, Peredeniya, 4 (1907) 69-76] ; and in the paper now under dis- cussion, page 338, he says : In 1907 was the first time, to my knowledge, that they were put forward in so many words, and a proper understanding of them will make a great difference in the handling of problems of geographical distribution. As Doctor Willis notes, “there is nothing surprisingly new about these views.” In the preceding year,4 I had made use of the same views, and had done so without reference to literature, because, as far back as my student days, at least two of my professors explained them to us as commonly accepted principles. In the paper just cited, page 62, I note: Even geographical characters are' useful. The whole of the character of not a few genera, as Prosaptia, Niphobolus, and Acrostickum, is intel- ligible when, and only when, the habitat is included and recognized as the dominant character of all. More broadly geographical characters are of value too, for no plant has progeny in places inaccessible to its re- productive structures. The relative antiquity of groups, as definable by their pre'sent characters, is important evidence in judging their relation- ships. If a species or genus is confined to one locality or one part of the world, it is probably not very ancient. If it has a very wide and con- tinuous distribution, its age cannot be less than sufficient to permit such a dissemination. Our oriental Prosaptia, Acrosorus, Loxogramme, “Schel- 4 The comparative ecology of San Ramon Polypodiaceae. Philip. Journ. Sci. 2 (1907) Bot. 1-76. XI, C, 4 Copeland: Natural Selection 153 lolepis,” Niphobolus, Drynaria, Dryostachyum, Thayeria and Lecanopteris, and the American Lepicystis, Campyloneuron and Phlebodium must all be younger groups than the cosmopolitan Polypodium, ancestor and cousin at once of them all. A group with wide and discontinuous distribution must be ancient enough to have become widely distributed, and to have died out in the intermediate territory; it may not be older than a group with equally wide continuous distribution, but its minimum probable age is greater. The relation between commonness in one country and distribu- tion outside that country has not been in the past so well appre- ciated as the relation between age and distribution, but is made equally clear by Doctor Willis’s tables. It is unquestionably true that in almost any country such a relation exists, and a little re- flection suffices to show that it must in general exist. Without ever putting it into words, I have for years acted on the assump- tion that there is such a relation. It has repeatedly happened that after describing a species from a single collection, under the impression that it was quite local, and after a reasonably care- ful search for previous description elsewhere, I have found the plant to be rather common in the Philippines, and have then made a renewed search for previous description from some neigh- boring land; the idea being exactly that which Doctor Willis has demonstrated to be sound — that a species common and of rather wide distribution in a given island, or group, or region, is therefore to be expected to occur in other islands or regions. Locally extensive distribution and commonness are evidence both of considerable age and of the ability of the species to maintain itself and to spread, and age and the ability to spread are in themselves reasons to consider it likely that the plant has spread extensively. For the sake of emphasis, I repeat that both time and the ability to survive and spread are necessary in order that any plant can have become widely disseminated. In the four-year course of our College of Agriculture, some students graduate in three years, some graduate after five years, while the largest number of those who enter the course graduate in four years or disappear without finishing the course. In determining when any student will graduate, time is one paramount factor. There is probably no human being who could finish the course in one or two years; but, because time is a paramount consideration in determining who will graduate during any given year, shall we conclude that ability has nothing to do with it? Surely not. In the case of any given student, the date of graduation is fixed by the date of entrance, by his ability, and by other considera- tions (sickness or death, for instance) ; and the fact that time is 154 The Philippine Journal of Science ms indispensable does not in the least impair the fact that fitness is also indispensable. The student uses his time according to his ability, and his fitness for the work of a student becomes effective as time passes. Now, likewise, in the case of plants, if the plant be without fitness, time avails it nothing. Assuming the plant to exist, but without fitness to endure and to spread, it stands still for a longer or shorter time and finally disappears. The doctrine of natural selection and survival is a rational one; but would not be so, if it ignored time. The fitness of any plant is merely ability to make use of time in which to survive, to spread, and eventually to keep or to become adapted to the conditions under which succeeding ages find it. There could be no sane doctrine of natural selection without consideration of the element of time; and the early fight of the idea of natural selection for general recognition was forced primarily by the necessity of past time for the possibility of the evolution that natural selection postulated. Now, if we recognize, as I do not see how we can possibly escape doing, that the demonstration of a relation between time and geographic distribution not only does not impair the doc- trine of natural selection, but is rather an indispensable and inevitable corollary of the theory of natural selection and a con- sideration that must be taken into account in the application of the theory of natural selection to the understanding of the bionomics of any single plant or structure, I believe there will remain nothing in this paper by Doctor Willis that consititutes an argument against the doctrine of natural selection or that offers anything but an invitation for the investigation of partic- ular problems in the application of this doctrine. To some of these applications, I will return presently. First, however, let us note that the difference in view between Doctor Willis and myself lies again in the demand made upon the doc- trine of natural selection or, in other words, upon what we mean by this doctrine. To me, the proposition is simply that those plants survive that can — where, when, and while they can. Their presence is obviously necessary before they can begin to survive. To Doctor Willis, the doctrine of natural selection is something which ought to explain the initial presence of the plants. In passage after passage, he recognizes the necessity of fitness for ultimate survival, sometimes without reservation, sometimes with decided qualification for another element classified as chance; thus (p. 341) : XI, C, 4 Copeland: Natural Selection 155 “Species do not, so far as we can tell, appear in any sort of advantageous response to local conditions, which are the only conditions that matter when they first appear. Having appeared, a species will, or will not, spread, according to its suitability to local conditions. In each locality the ultimate commonness of a species will depend upon its degree of adaptation to the local conditions, and to a large extent, on chance.” And from the paper on the Dilleniaceae, “Dillenia ovata was perhaps the first, or the best adapted, for it has spread comparatively widely.” Regarding myself as a confirmed adherent of the doctrine of natural selection, I do not hold it in the slightest measure directly responsable for the origin of any species. Species originate by variation. There is not the slightest doubt that in very nearly all cases — if not in quite all cases, the exceptions have never been well demostrated — variation is indiscriminate in direction. Now, if any man chooses to define a mutation as a variation that gives rise to a new specific character, then, certainly, species originate by mutation exclusively. My own objection to this use of words is that they are newer than the ideas they would express, are therefore superfluous, and consequently are a nuisance. There is nothing new in holding that the mutations are in- dependent of natural selection, since the variations have always been held to be so. Doctor Willis maintains that the species originate by mutations which occur independently of fitness. The older idea is that the species, or characteristics, originate by variation, independently of natural selection. Neither the validity nor the scope of the doctrine of natural selection seems to be seriously impaired by the substitution of the novel word. When any man distinguishes a mutation from a variation by a usable definition, it will become possible to see whether the change of words is justified and to test its effects. The author of muta- tions (de Vries) presented no such definition, unless it be the one already suggested, that a mutation is a variation which produces a specific character; as to the latter, de Vries took us back to the starting point, from which we might wander around the circle ad libitum , by identifying specific characters by their origin through mutation. If any subsequent writer has identified muta- tions more intelligibly, it has escaped me ; Doctor Willis, at least, will hardly attempt this, in view of his clear recognition of the inherent hopelessness of attempting to draw any line between small differences and bigger ones, between the measure of inci- sion of a leaf-margin and the characters that are used to dis- tinguish species, genera, and even families. While the choice of diction as between mutation and variation has properly nothing to do with the recognition of natural selec- 156 The Philippine Journal of Science ms tion, it is genetically associated with the scope of our idea of a species; and approaching the subject from this point, I may come again into agreement with Doctor Willis, and this time on his own ground. There is a constant tendency among both botanists and zoologists to place an ever finer construction on the idea of a species. Each decade sees the recognition as species of many groups of plants which previously were combined with other groups, either as varieties or without even varietal dis- tinction. In some cases, this change is due to more careful in- vestigation of resemblances and differences, but frequently it is merely the expression of a change in attitude as to what a single species should include. The extreme in this direction was reached years ago by Jordan, in the recognition of what are commonly referred to as Jordanian, in distinction to Linnaean, species. As a matter of fact, no botanist of to-day holds himself to the Linnaean idea. If the present tendency continues un- checked, our descendants will all find themselves following Jordan’s policy. In practice, I do not expect the tendency to extend so far. Such a practice applied to all plants would make systematic botany a subject inconveniently vast and cumbersome, even for the larger number of botanists that may be expected in future years. In the case of the very great majority of plants, the recognition of Jordanian species, supposing that they exist, would serve no useful purpose. In the case of such plants as rice, and other plants of great industrial importance, it will be worth while, and will surely be done, whatever the nomenclato- rial rank the forms may be given. Our nomenclatorial divisions — families, genera, species, and varieties or forms — are, as I have repeatedly pointed out, in part functions of the diagnostic peculiarities of plants, and in part functions of our convenience. The old idea, that a species is a group of plants distinct from any other group, in the sense that we know no practically continuous series which connects it or has connected it with any other group, was never anything but an expression of contemporary ignorance, and is as dead to-day as the idea that the species were separate manifestations of the Creator’s activity. This is as true of genera and families as it is of species. “We would still want to recognize genera and species, if the tree of life could be reproduced in every detail.” 5 As we fill in our skeleton structure of the tree of life, it is convenience that must determine what genera, species, and other 5 Philip. Journ. Sci. 8 (1913) Bot. 153. XI, C, 4 Copeland: Natural Selection 157 groups will continue to be recognized. As we fill in the finer details, suppose that we recognize the twigs as species, shall we recognize the leaves as well? The leaves are parts of the whole structure, but are transient in their nature. Eventually, the most of each season’s twigs, on each individual tree, also die and fall. Of the species that occupied the world five million years ago, some may survive, but the most have doubtless dis- appeared. Working in any particular age, as we have the opportunity to work in our own, we may identify each recog- nized twig of the tree of life as something that for our purposes, extending over a period of generations, is established, and we may give it a specific name. But, again, what shall we do with the leaves, of which each season perhaps yields its own crop? To my mind, this figure of the tree of life is appropriate and useful. Granted that we retain the finest twigs as species, the leaves are each season’s crops of variations. As the morpholo- gists distinguish easily in general between leaf and twig, so the systematic botanists can distinguish in a general way, although with less accuracy and with more difficulty, between the fluc- tuating variations and the recognized species, which hold their own through the time with which we are acquainted, and are widely scattered. Yet, there is no sharp line between these. Of each season’s crops of variations, the most disappear in their turn as regularly as they present themselves ; yet of each season’s crop, some variations in form perpetuate themselves for a longer or shorter time — some for one more generation, some for several generations, and so on up to what in a practical sense we refer to as “forever.” There is no sharp line between the most tem- porary variations and the most lasting. And in selecting among the plants that manifest these forms of varying distinctness and durability those which we will recognize as species, convenience is the only ultimate criterion that can possibly guide us. In each locality, each species produces its own crop of varying offspring. In each season, each species that occurs on a number of islands or a number of mountain tops produces in each locality its crops of variants. Some of the variations are so slight as to escape any attention that they might receive. Others, the visit- ing or resident botanist notices, but ignores as of little impor- tance. Others are more striking. If they impress him as suffi- ciently marked, he describes a new species. What constitutes sufficient markedness depends on the idea of propriety held by the individual botanist. Visiting one of our mountain tops, Linnaeus would have found a few species; Jordan, a very large 158 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 number. Even Linnaeus, if he could have visited all our tropical summits, would certainly have described some species that a visit a few years later would fail to relocate. For the particular plant forms found at a given time in a given place, natural selection may or may not be responsible. If they have been there for a long time, they must have been fit. But for the plants that appear this season as an expression of indis- criminate variation — usually slight, but with increasing rarity increasingly conspicuous — natural selection is not responsible. If a botanist, visiting a mountain summit, discovers a peculiar plant which he knows has originated in the course of this year’s variation and which he knows will disappear with the death of this year’s generation, he may or may not describe it as a new species, depending upon his general attitude or his chance humor. It is perfectly possible that he foresee the fate of this “species.” Willis states that Coleus elongatus, confined to the summit of Ritigala, is represented by not more than a dozen individuals. Unless it is protected by authority, an ambitious collector will some day exterminate this plant, and, in so doing, secure partic- ularly valuable material for sale or exchange. One of the Cali- fornia botanists, some years ago, described a new species and refused absolutely to tell any other botanist where he found it, stating that there were but few plants and it would be extermi- nated by collection. In the overwhelming majority of cases, the botanist cannot foresee the extinction or survival of any given rare and local species. He describes what looks distinct enough to appeal to him, as a species, and lets it take its chance. Now, remembering that the striking form which makes its appeal as a species is at the time of its first appearance perhaps nothing but the ex- treme of a series of other and minor variations, and that it is the individual botanist’s judgment which decides how extreme the given variation must be to constitute a species, and that natural selection has, according to old theory, nothing to do with the occurrence of these forms in the first place, it follows that the number of species which exist completely independent of natural selection, so far as their distinctive characters are concerned, depends upon nothing except the judgment of indi- vidual botanists. If we were to split so finely and industriously that every variant were given a specific name, then an almost infinite majority of our species would exist independently of natural selection. If it were possible to know the history of each kind of plant and to restrict ourselves to the description XI, C, 4 Copeland: Natural Selection 159 of those distinctive forms that have endured for a long time, and to recognize these, and these only, as species, then natural selection would be responsible for them all. Obviously, our opportunities, our judgment, and our conven- ience all combine to make us adopt a middle course. A very considerable proportion of new species are described from single plants. It is far from unheard-of for two species to be de- scribed from a single plant. In the groups that vary widely, of which I presume that the genus Crataegus is one, it is probably not unusual for more than one species to be described from the progeny of a single plant. Up to this time, such a practice has not been adopted, except in cases where the parentage is unknown. If the same freedom of species-recognition and de- scription were practiced with various cultivated plants, for ex- ample, tobacco, where the parentage is known but the offspring vary beyond the bounds that would be recognized as specific among wild plants of unknown parentage, there would be almost no limit to the number of species ; but systematic botanists have so far mercifully abstained from doing this. The responsibility of natural selection for the species recog- nized at any moment in a given place depends then very largely upon what we recognize as a species. The possible origin of species by the summation or selection of variations, whether slight or great, is another question to which the answer is fixed chiefly by our choice of definitions. In so far as the species originates by a single variation — which may always be true, if we define species in that way — natural selection is never respon- sible for its immediate appearance. Even if we go as far as the veriest determinate-variationist might, and assume that species N has been derived from the species A, through B, C, D, E, etc., all steps being in the same direction, and the most of the steps being individually short enough to escape our notice, still each of these intermediate forms by the definition just sug- gested is itself a species, and N, in its turn, originates by one variation from the different parent species M. That the species which occupy the world to-day have originated by the selective accumulation of relatively small differences, it is not worth the mutationist’s while to deny. None of them will waste his time looking for an Angiosperm as the mutant of a Flagellate, nor will any mutationist be disposed to deny that between these extremes there has been a large number of inter- mediate steps. If we agree with Doctor Willis that the only difference between little steps and big steps is one of degree, 160 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 and that even the degree is beyond our power of measurement, the particular number of steps between the Flagellate and the Angiosperm loses all possible importance. We may then agree that, on the one hand, the species that occupy the world to-day are, each and every one of them, products of an exceedingly long series of selected variants or mutants; but, at the same time, we may also all agree that species may be so defined that natural selection is never immediately responsible for their origin. In conceding that natural selection may not be immediately responsible for the origin of the “species” we may discover, I am not detracting one particle from the claim that it is ultimately responsible for the presence of every plant and for every typical and normal structure of every plant that any man can find any- where in the world. Among each season’s crop of variations, a few may endure because they are particularly fit to endure. These are naturally selected. The vegetation of the world to- day has been selected, and reselected, countless times, out of the crops of each season of past time. Though we may define a species in such a way that natural selection is not this year responsible for the majority of the species on any particular mountain top, there is no mountain top where it is not respon- sible for practically the whole of the vegetation — responsible for its particular form as well as for its presence. By defining species in a way that removes a large part of them from the scope of immediately past selection, we leave the vegetation of the world made up — as it actually is — almost entirely of a small minority of all species. For the vegetation of the world in every conspicuous aspect and attribute, natural selection is entirely responsible; and even though we accept definitions that make natural selection not responsible for single specific characters of single small groups of plants, we still leave it responsible for the most of the characters of every individual among these plants, and leave it (natural selection) with entire ultimate re- sponsibility for the presence of each, even of these rare excep- tions ; for, without the sanction of natural selection, their parents would never have born progeny. I turn now to a fewr of the details of Doctor Willis’s papers. Quoting from page 328, “In cases where we get two large and well- deffined groups in a family, we may compare their degrees of rarity, when the difference between them is what is usually looked upon as an adaptation. For example, in the Rubiaceae it is usually supposed that the sections with fleshy fruits are more recent than those with dry. But on the other hand the former is supposed to be an adaptation to enable the seeds to be easily dispersed.” And from page 329, “It is evident that the fleshy fruit has XI, C, 4 Copeland: Natural Selection 161 not proved of any special value to its possessors, and is probably a more recent development. There are many other so-called adaptations in many other families which can be dealt with in the same way. Always the figures go to show that evolution of forms is on the average indifferent, and that these so-called adaptations are of no special advantage to their possessors.” Now, if we agree that the Rubiaceae with fleshy fruits are more recent than those with dry fruits, this alone might be responsible for the greater abundance of species with dry fruits, in spite of more perfect adaptation on the part of those with fleshy fruits. In reality, however, this does not hit the kernel of the matter. The fact is that the dry fruit is also an adaptation, just as much as is the fleshy fruit. One is adapted to one set of conditions, the other to another set, and the two sets of conditions may perfectly well be encountered at the same time and in the same place. A perfectly parallel situation is presented by the structure of the pileus of the Agaricales. As Buller has beautifully shown in the Pfetfer Festschrift, most of the species of Coprinus have one type of structure and beha- vior, while Psalliota and nearly all of the other Agaricaceae have a different type, the two differing in almost all possible details, even down to the finest, but both being recognized by Buller as highly and appropriately specialized, the two occurring side by side without the slightest prospect that either will drive the other out. It is important to each group of plants, for the sake of the completest possible success in holding what place it has and in spreading, that it occupy every available habitat, make use of every available means of dispersal, and make the most of each factor that will insure the reproduction of any of its members. The fact that some Rubiaceae are adapted to dispersal by the characters of their dry fruits does not make it at all a dis- advantage that related plants of the same family be adapted to the same end by the possession of fleshy fruit. The family is better off with two general methods than it would be with one general method. In each generation, the family as a whole is safer because every possible method is taken advantage of by some of its members. The members that scatter their seeds by the medium of fleshy fruits are, in this respect at least, out of competition with those that scatter their seeds by methods depending upon the dryness of their fruit. To this extent, the family can have more members and be more successful, because in this respect competition within the group is removed. 102 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 Years ago, my friend Professor Peirce 6 undertook to argue that the algal constituent of a lichen gained nothing from the association with the fungus, even though it was enabled to live in places, that without this association would be inaccessable or intolerable. To make his point perfectly clear, Professor Peirce makes use of “A homely analogy. A cow would never climb to the top of a twenty-story building, but once elevated to this position in opposition to her ordinary habits and to the force of gravitation, would she be any more advantageously placed than her more commonplace relatives in barn or pasture?” A Chinese student in this college once presented, as a piece of English composition, the story of an imaginary dream, in which he saw the vacant places of the earth occupied from time to time and made productive for the use of men, until every desert was watered and every rock covered with a mantle of soil. The mountains were leveled to an altitude where rice could be produced; and finally even the seas were bridged, and the bridges covered with soil and made to produce their crops of rice. The Chinese boy’s imaginary dream is truer to life than the argument of the wisest professor who overlooks the fact that the one test of fitness, of appropriateness, is survival. As the struggle for food grows keener, the time may indeed be anticipated, when no foot of the Earth’s surface can well be spared from producing its portion for our use. That time has not yet come for us; but for the lichen, for the Rubiaceae, and for the cow, it is here, and it has been here so long that we can almost say that it always was. The twenty-story building is located where there is no room for cattle in green pastures ; and where there are green pastures, there are already as many cattle as men think can thrive upon them. If the roofs of twenty-story buildings could really be made available as places for cattle, then more cattle might exist in each generation ; and this, by the one final standard of judgment, would be an advantage to the race of cattle and would assuredly be of advantage to the individual cattle that lived because this peculiar habitat fur- nished them the opportunity. The algal constituent of lichens grows in places that are fit for it and within reach. If slavery to a fungus increases the number that can live, by furnishing a new place or a means to reach a new habitat, this is to the advantage of the gonidial species, as well as that of the indi- viduals which live because of the opportunity the fungus offers. r' Proc. California Acad. Sci. Ill Bot. 1 (1899) 230. XI, C, 4 Copeland: Natural Selection 163 Likewise, among the Rubiaceae, any method of reaching a new habitat is an advantage to the group as a whole, because it is of advantage to the members that acquire the method. Some may be specialized to scatter their seeds by means of the wind, some by floods, some by the use of various quadrupeds, others by the help of birds or even insects ; each one of these methods, and each added method that may be developed, is an advantage. The structures adapted to each method or to the employment of a common method under varying conditions all survive and become numerous in the individuals that possess them, because they are advantageous ; but it is not to be expected that any one of these will enable the plants that exhibit it to become more numerous than the plants that propagate themselves by some other equally desirable but different method. There are many families that have some members with dry fruits and others with fleshy fruits. Each of these methods is an adaptation to a common and wide range of natural conditions. Doctor Willis’s second paper against individual selection [Annals 4 (1907) 17] is chiefly devoted to the point that — While the characters that distinguish species and genera are largely characters of the floral organs, the struggle for existence is almost entirely among the seedlings and young plants, in which these organs are not yet present. By the same argument, in a government school where expenses of every kind are paid by the state and only the brightest students are selected for promotion, the wealth of the parents cannot be a factor in determining who will graduate. Yet, every- body knows that, in schools of this type, it is often impossible for a poor man’s son to graduate, simply because he can never be admitted. Flower and fruit structures surely do not take an active part in the competition between seedlings, but they determine the entries for this competition; and no one will claim that this is likely to be without influence on the result. The struggle between old trees probably is not keen. By the time the tree is grown, the fight is settled, so far as it is concerned, and is carried over to the next generation. The essential strug- gle of any individual is not to survive in itself but in its progeny. Tennyson knew all about this. Quoting from page 323 (Philosophical Transactions), But we may go further yet, and take the two genera, Doona and Stemono- porus, which have 11 and 15 species respectively, and on the theory of natural selection would therefore be supposed to be especially suitable to the local conditions. They show: 143044 2 164 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 TABLE XIX. Doona. Stemonoporus. VC . 0 0 c . i 0 RC . i 0 RR . 2 2 R . 4 4 VR . 3 9 11 Marks 51 15 Marks 82 Rarity . 4.6 5.4 And page 324, TABLE XX. Number. Marks. Rarity. Species of wide distribution. 1,508 4,579 3.0 Species confined to Ceylon and Peninsular India 492 1,714 3.48 Mean rarity of all 3.49 Species endemic to Ceylon 809 3,518 4.3 Species of all 23 endemic genera.. 52 236 4.5 Specie's of Doona 11 51 4.6 Species of Stemonoporus 15 82 5.4 Such figures as these no ingenuity can torture into any kind of support for a theory of development of endemics to suit the local conditions. These figures likewise throw no great light on the multiplica- tion table, but do not therefore impair its validity nor jeopardize its general acceptance. For the understanding of this situation, it is not natural selection nor multiplication, but division, the effects of which need to be understood. There is no question that in the Philippines the commonest timber trees are the lauans, likewise dipterocarps, but there is a considerable number of species of lauans, and individually they are not exceedingly common. As to Ceylon dipterocarps, note the expression 7 “The Dipterocarpaceae, so common in Ceylon * * *.” If Dooyia had a single species, it might be very common, and Stemonoporus might be common, or very common, if it were monotypic. There are no figures by which to decide how many times “very common” must be divided in order to produce “rare,” but any man who has ever seen an apple divided knows that the portions are smaller than the whole. If Doona and Stemono- porus were as a whole only as common as other genera or as the mean of all Ceylon plants, then the fact that Doona is split into eleven species and Stemonoporus into fifteen would suffice 7 Ann. Roy. Bot. Gardens Peradeniya 4 (1907) 18. XI, C, 4 Copeland: Natural Selection 165 in itself to make each of these species a rather rare plant. The effect of this development of numerous species has probably been in each genus to increase the area available, and so the aggregate commonness. But the improvement in this respect cannot be expected to suffice to offset the rareness resulting to the single species from the fact of their considerable number, unless the differences between these single species are such as completely to remove them from competition with one another. This probably never happens in any genus. Therefore, in every genus, the more numerous the species, the greater their indi- vidual rarity. “When the genus contains one or two species only, rarity is 4, when it contains more than two it is 4.3” (p. 331). If this rather elementary application of mathematics does not torture the phenomena in question into any kind of support for a theory of advantageous evolution, it certainly leaves nothing that can be construed as in opposition to such theory. As to the relative rarity of Doona and Stemonoporus, Doctor Foxworthy points out that Stemonoporus is a decidedly isolated group, while Doona is closely related to the widespread genera Hopea and Shorea. If Stemonoporus is the rarer, as well as the more isolated morphologically, this is another illustration in support of Doctor Willis’s general thesis. In several places, Doctor Willis notes the general tendency of endemic species to occur in the wet and mountainous districts rather than in the dry. Thus, page 319 : It is also very noteworthy that in the dry zone there are only 28 endemic species against 743 in the wet, though the species of wide distribution are only in the proportions of 304 to 648, and the dry zone has twice the area of the wet. There appear to be two valid explanations of this condition. The dry region is closer to the dry region of continental India, and there is, accordingly, a better chance for species to spread across the channel in either direction ; that is, the dry region of Ceylon is much less isolated from the continent than is the wet region. A second explanation is that conditions are much more varied in the wet region and that any given set of condi- tions is much more restricted. If, therefore, a plant varies so as to produce a new species in any given spot in the wet region, its favorable field for dispersal is almost sure to be decidedly circumscribed, as compared with that of a new form adapted to dry-country conditions. High mountains are particularly “local” in their conditions, and, accordingly, in Ceylon, as is true everywhere in the tropics, each mountain of any age has 166 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 a considerable endemic flora. What we have here is merely a manifestation of the principle, which various evolutionists have strongly emphasized, that isolation is essential or at least favor- able to the establishment of new species. “Isolation, as isolation, favours the production of new forms.” 8 Even this does not exhaust the explanations. On the whole, the plants of dry districts are probably more likely to scatter their seed to great distances than the plants of wet districts. Facility for wide dispersal of seed is of course conducive to commonness and inimical to prolonged endemism. And, still again, in a district where there are marked local differences of conditions natural selection tends to permit a wider freedom of variation than it does where conditions are uniform or comparatively uniform over considerable areas.9 For this reason, variation being more frequent and wider in the more diversified wet region, more new forms, susceptible of recognition as species, are continually appearing there; and the more such forms appear, the more are likely to be perpetuated and to attain recognition. Doctor Willis is also puzzled by the fact that (p. 319) — Adding up all the species of the dry zone, we find 472 confined to it with 1809 marks, or a rarity of 3.8; those of the wet zone only are 1692 with 6497 marks, or also a rarity of 3.8. But the species that occur in both zones, 645 with 1505 marks, are much commoner in both, and show a rarity of 2.3, i. e. are fairly near to the level of “Common.” How this result is to be interpreted it is difficult to say. To this, as to the rarity of numerous species in a single genus, a merely mechanical explanation suggests itself. The common- ness of a species being graded according to the number of collections and their remoteness of locality from one another, the fact that collections are possible in both districts must operate to make the plant seem common, even though a plant is rated very common, if sufficiently abundant in the district climatically suitable. The fact, moreover, that a plant can produce seed under a variety of conditions, and have these seed likely to grow likewise under a variety of conditions, gives it, in the struggle for existence, a material handicap over any plant that can thrive only under comparatively restricted conditions; and this handicap, given sufficient time, will inevitably make the more adaptable plant the commoner. s Ann. Roy. Bot. Gardens Peradeniya 4 (1908) 135. 8 Variation in California plants, p. 413. xi, c, 4 Copeland: Natural Selection 167 One of Doctor Willis’s objections to natural selection (p. 321) escapes me completely: Natural selection, again, to be effective, requires that many forms shall modify in the same direction. * * * The most numerous group of the Ceylon endemics are these Very Rares, and the numbers decrease steadily up to Very Common. They must obviously have begun at one or other end of the scale. They could not begin at Very Rare (on the theory of natural selection), because the numbers are insufficient. I do not believe that natural selection, to be effective, requires that many forms shall modify in the same direction. If “modify” means “vary,” I am skeptical as to there being any evidence, proving that many forms ever do this in the same direction. Natural selection, to produce a definite species, requires rather that a fit form maintain its advantageous characteristics without modification, while the individuals can become numerous and spread. A single isolated individual, well adapted to its location, may surely become the ancestor of a common species. If the theory of natural selection really required that a species could not come into existence at “Very Rare,” but must be very common at its first appearance, it would be a strange theory indeed. It is hardly fair to a theory to impute to it quite that measure of absurdity. On page 340, Doctor Willis says, “One may conclude that the local endemic species have not been developed in any kind of advantageous response to local conditions.” More explicitly, on page 15 of the Annals of the Royal Botanic Gardens, volume IV, he says, “It is at least entirely doubtful if any given species is especially adapted for the circumstances in which it is found.” This shows how widely men of training and field experience may differ in their views. For, aside from the distinctive features of possible ephemeral species, 1 do not believe that there is a plant in the world that does not exhibit adaptation in the whole of its structure, nor which, so far as it is restricted to localities by environmental conditions, fails to be specifically adapted to the local conditions under which it thrives. My paper on the Comparative Ecology of San Ramon Polypodiaceae contains hundreds of illustrations of particular adaptions to particular local conditions. It is not merely that water plants and land plants differ, or that plants restricted to the shade differ from those thriving in open sunshine; but that in genus after genus, where the genus has species under varying conditions, the different species differ from one another in ways that specifically adapt them to their distinctive environments. 168 The Philippine Journal of Science 10:6 If Doctor Willis could see Stenochlaena areolaris where it thrives, he would surely be convinced that at least this plant is specifically adapted to its peculiar habitat. It is epiphytic on one species of Pandanus. Its adaptation to the very peculiar conditions presented by its “substratum” is such that it can grow nowhere else. Geographically, it is restricted, therefore, to the few square miles where Pandanus utilissimus occurs. I expect to describe this most extreme case of adaption at greater length. For the point under discussion here, equally valid evidence is presented by thousands of known species of fungi. Almost every species of parasitic fungus has one host species or a single group of host species, which it is able to attack. Is it imaginable (not to ask for a demonstration) that it is anything except specific adaptation of parasite to host — that is, specific adaptation of the fungus plant to its own peculiar environment — that lets the fungus attack its host, but not the infinitely more numerous other plants growing in the neighbor- hood? Such a question seems to answer itself. Finally, the last of Doctor Willis’s papers, so far published, deals with the dying out of species, and seeks to show that the extermination that must occur, if natural selection operates in the usually supposed manner, does not occur or seems not to be occurring among the plants of Ceylon. The body of the paper is chiefly a restatement of the facts in the more extensive paper in the Philosophical Transactions, the minor attention, given to the question of dying out, earning one paragraph out of eight in the summary. It may be, as Doctor Willis maintains, that his figures do not furnish any reason to suspect species of being on the downward grade. If there are no species dying out in Ceylon, the number of species in the island must be under- going a constant increase, and, indeed, this is probably happen- ing. Increase in the number of species must result in a de- creased average commonness — that is, abundance in indi- viduals— of all species. Otherwise, the number of individuals in Ceylon is increasing and this is not so probable. If no species is driven to the wall, while the average number of individuals of all species decreases, it is rather strange ; but it must certainly be expected that, as many new species are introduced or evolved, and some of these become very common, the disappearance of old species will be comparatively slow. In a study of the flora of four towns in southern Wisconsin,10 in which particular atten- 10 Shriner and Copeland. Deforestation and creek flow about Monroe, Wisconsin, Bot. Gaz. 37 (1904) 139-143. XI, C, 4 Copeland: Natural Selection 169 tion was paid to the possible disappearance of species in a place where we had the advantage of possessing notes and herbaria prepared in previous decades, the conclusion was reached that five species, none of which had ever been other than strictly local in those towns (by local, I mean confined to single small areas, as single hill-sides or bogs), had been exterminated so far as these towns were concerned. The conclusion reached was : It is a most instructive lesson in the survival of what exists that above thirteen-fourteenths of the native habitat has been altogether changed in character, and the other one-fourteenth decidedly modified, without the extinction of a single common forest herb, shrub, or tree. The chief factor modifying conditions in Ceylon is surely agriculture. With its advance, the existence of the species restricted to such land as is demanded for agriculture must at least be jeopardized. It is hardly possible that there are not during each decade some species lowered in the scale of common- ness by clearing and cultivation. The most conspicuous victims of the advance of agriculture are those trees that grow on land of agricultural value. The dominant forest trees of this kind of land throughout the far eastern tropics are the dipterocarps. I have already shown one reason for the rarity of the species of Doona and Stemonoporus. It seems to me hardly doubtful that the development of agriculture in Ceylon has materially decreased the commonness of these and the species of other dipterocarp genera, and that the existence of some of these trees in the near future will depend upon their deliberate protection by men. Among the peculiarities of the flora of Java, the most outstanding single peculiarity, as compared with that of Borneo,- Sumatra, Banca, the Malay Peninsula, or the Philippines, is the limited number of dipterocarps. While seventy-five are known in the Malay Peninsula, and more than one hundred from Borneo, while scantily explored Sumatra has yielded more than thirty, and the Philippines at least seventy-five, Java, botanically better known than any other of these regions, possesses only twelve known species outside of cultivation. The unquestionable explanation of this extreme scarcity of dipterocarps lies in the use for agriculture of the part of Java suited to dipterocarp forest. It may be that they were never as numerous in Java as in Borneo or even in Sumatra ; but that Java contained less species than Banca is incredible. Is it to be supposed that the factors which have cut the dipterocarp species of Java to twelve, while leaving Java with a flora vastly richer 170 The Philippine Journal of Science than that of Ceylon in plants whose existence is not so directly menaced by agriculture, will not operate likewise in Ceylon, as the increase of population and the intensification of the use of land brings Ceylon to the point that Java has already reached? Surely, on any well kept plantation in Ceylon, many species once locally common have disappeared. As plantations become more numerous and more extensive and cultivation becomes more intensive, increased rarity and eventual extermination of species, once thriving where agriculture now becomes active, is altogether inevitable. In a sense, this kind of extermination exhibits artificial selection ; but artificial selection is never any- thing but a particular phase of the general process at first distinguished as natural selection. Artificial selection is simply selection in which the will of man is intentionally or incidentally the determining factor. The validity of the doctrine of natural selection would not be essentially placed in question by the fact that plants are not dying out in Ceylon, even if this were established, unless there were furnished reasons to believe that plants do not die out in general and have not died out in general. That they have died out, everybody knows. Otherwise, where are now the whole groups that, as fossils, we know each year better, which once bridged the gaps between the Pteridophytes of Devonian time and the seed plants? Some good palaeophytogists may tell us how many extinct plants are known this year, but not how many we may know a year or so later. Plants grow rare also, as we know from evidence of the same kind. Sequoia, Taxoclium, Glyptostrobus, Torreya, and Cephalotaxus were once genera of very wide geographical range. The Cretaceous or Miocene botanists would have rated these perhaps as very common. With the passage of time, they have become very rare. Matonia represents a group of ferns which for ages was probably world- wide in distribution. It is now known from at least five moun- tain tops in the Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra, and Amboina. The dying out of species must be usually a very slow perfor- mance, and one that might easily escape attention. We know, though, that it has gone on in geologic time, in early human time (otherwise, where are the wild forms of our common grains?), that it has gone on in recent historic times, in various localities in England, Java, and elsewhere, and it may well be suspected that, at least as agriculture develops in Ceylon, the same process takes place there. However, even if Ceylon conditions are peculiar in this respect, it would be hard to show that natural selection or its failure is responsible for the peculiarity. The Philippine Journal of Science, C. Botany. Vol. XI, No. 4, August, 1916. HAWAIIAN FERNS COLLECTED BY J. F. ROCK By Edwin Bingham Copeland (From the College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines, Los Banos, P. I.) Through the courtesy of Mr. J. F. Rock of the College of Hawaii, I have recently had an opportunity to study the ferns of the College of Hawaii herbarium, and have found among them the following apparently undescribed species. In some groups, especially Polypodium, this collection is notably richer than Faurie’s,1 while in other, such as Asplenium, it is not so com- plete. All the specimens here described were collected by Mr. Rock. ATHYRIUM PSEUDOARBOREUM sp. nov. Asplenium arboreum Hilleb. non Willd. quid Athyrium arboreum Milde. A. arboreo (Willd.) Milde similis, sed paleis brunneis latio- ribus prope baseos stipitum, soris longis marginem fere attingen- tibus, et indusiis latis versus margines suas albidis distinctum, et propter eas indicationes versimiliter phylogenetice diversum. Lanai, Mahana Valley, in shady, damp places, altitude 770 meters. Rock 8081. There is no question that this is the Asplenium arboreum of Hillebrand, page 609, who modified the description, as regards the sori, to fit this fern. But much as the two are superficially alike, Asplenium arboreum is a clear-cut member of an American group of species, while1 Athyrium pseudo arboreum represents the Oriental group of Athyrium japonicum. Athyrium kaalaanum Copel.2 is also one of this group, but I do not believe it is a juvenile or reduced form of Athyrium pseudoarboreum; it has fleshy stipes, a long apex, obtuse pinnae, and short sori. Except for acuminate pinnae and the absence of a gemma, Athyrium pseudoarboreum fits Presl’s diagnosis of Diplazium sandwichense, and I would be tempted to use this name if Asplenium sandwichianum were not already in use. SADLER 1 A RIGIDA sp. nov. Caudice ignoto; stipitibus ca. 15 cm longis, validis, ubique densissime paleatis ; paleis linearibus, rigidulis, crinitis, rufocas- taneis costa spuria castanea, infimis 3 cm longis pallidioribus, sursum usque ad rachides secondarias etenim ad costulas decres- centibus, ibidem costa carentibus; fronde elliptica vel ovata, ca. 33 cm longa, 20-25 cm lata, abrupte acuminata, rhachi dense ' Philip. Journ. Sci. 9 (1914) Bot. 435. 2 Op. cit. 438. 171 172 The Philippine Journal of Science ms vestita castanea; pinnis medialibus maximis, 13 cm longis, 2 cm latis, imbricatis, acuminatis; segmentis infimis liberis adnatis, aliis anguste confluentibus, 3-4 mm latis, plerumque ob margines involutas angustis, obtusis, integris, rigide coriaceis, superne pilis interne pilis et paleis angustis fere hyalinis sparse pubes- centibus; venis immersis, nigris, trans sorum plerumque sim- plicibus ; soris apices segmentorum fere attingentibus, linearibus, indusiis atrocastaneis. Kauai, near summit swamp of Waialeale, altitude 1550 meters, legit Rock. September, 1909. This may be the Sadleria pallida of Hillebrand and of Christensen’s Index, but not S. pallida H. & A., of which Hooker 3 says, “It is clearly a trifling variety” (of S. cyatheoides) , and the Synopsis (p. 18) reads “The original . General Biology, Ethnology, and Anthropology (Sec- tion D began with Volume V) 2.00 Entire Journal, Volume II, III, IV, or V 5.00 Entire Journal, beginning with Volume VI 7.00 Single numbers (except of Volume I) .50 Each section is separately paged and indexed. Authors receive 100 copies of their papers free. Volume I, 19 06 (not divided into sections) and supplement, sold only with a complete file of section A, B, or C 10.00 Supplement to Volume I (botany) 3.50 Volume I (without supplement) , sold only with a complete file of section A, B, or C... 6.50 Single numbers of Volume I .75 Publications sent in exchange for the Philippine Journal of Science should be addressed: Library, Bureau of Science, Manila, P. I. Subscriptions may be sent to the Business Manager, Philippine Jour- nal of Science, Bureau of Science, Manila, P. I., or to any of the agents listed below: AGENTS The Macmillan Company, 64—66 Fifth Avenue, New York City, TT. S. A. Win. Wesley & Son, 2 8 Essex Street, Strand, London, W. C., England. Martinus Nijhoff, Lange Voorhout 9, The Hague, Holland. Mayer & Muller, Prinz Louis Ferdinandstrasse 2, Berlin, N. W., Germany. Kelly & Walsh, Limited, 32 Raffles Place, Singapore, Straits Settlements. A. M. & J. Ferguson, 19 Baillie Street, Colombo, Ceylon. Thacker, Spink & Co., P. O. Box 54, Calcutta, India. Entered at the post office at Manila, P. I., as second-class matter. I VOL. XI. Sec. C, No. 5. September, 1916 THE PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE ALVIN J. COX, M. A., Ph. D. GENERAL EDITOR Section C. Botany E. D. MERRILL, M. S. EDITOR WITH THE COOPERATION OP W. H. BROWN, Ph. D. ; E. B. COPELAND, Ph. D. F. W. FOXWORTHY, Ph. D.; L. M. GUERRERO, Phar. D. C. F. BAKER, A. M. : R. C. McGREGOR, A. B. 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This volume is a real contribu- tion to the subject; it is not a mere com- pilation, for the author was in the field and understands the conditions of which he writes. A MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE SILK CULTURE By Charles S. Banks Order No. 413. Paper, 53 pages, 20 plates, $0.75, postpaid. In A Manual of Philippine Silk Culture are presented the results of several years' actual work with silk-producing larvae to- gether with a description of the new Philip- pine race. THE PHILIPPINE Journal of Science C. Botany Vol. XI SEPTEMBER, 1916 No. 5 PIPERACEAE PHILIPPINENSES NOVAE VEL NUPER REPERTAE 1 Auctore C. de Candolle ( Geneva , Switzerland) Sectio Muldera Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 5 (1886) 79 PIPER SARCOPODUM C. DC. sp. nov. Rartiulis glabris; foliis modice petiolatis glabris, limbo ovato- acuminato basi leviter inaequilatera utrinque obtuso apice acute acuminate, 7-plinervio, nervo centrali nervos 2 adscendentes al- ternos mittente quorum supremus a 1.5-2 cm supra basin solutus, nervis lateralibus adscendentibus utrinque 2 a basi solutis, petiolo basi vaginante ; stirpis fern, pedunculo glabro petiolum superante, spica glabra limbum aequante vel paullo superante, receptaculo cupuliformi in apice stipitis recti et crassi, bacca globosa, stig- matibus 4 minutis rotundatis. Dioicum. Ramuli in sicco nigri, spiciferi 3 mm crassi, collen- chyma libriforme in fasciculos discretos dispositum, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenus centralis pluresque peripherici. Limbi in sicco firmi opaci, 9-10 cm longi, 5-6 cm lati. Petioli usque ad limbi latus longius 1.1 cm, inter limbi latera 0.2 cm, pedunculi 2 cm longi, bacca matura 4 mm crassa in sicco nigra. Luzon, Laguna Province, Bur. Sci. 1 6536 Ramos, in forests near streams. Sectio Sarcostemon C. DC. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 5 (1910) Bot. 413 PIPER KORTHALSII Miq. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 1 (1863) 39. Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Merrill 7805, on trees in ravines, altitude about 1,500 m, stems angular, flowers greenish-yellow: Bontoc Subprovince, 1 The species are arranged in sequence with those in my ‘previous paper on Philippine Piperaceae, Philip. Journ. Sci. 5 (1910) Bot. 405-463. the new species being interpolated according to their relationships. 143573 207 208 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 Vanoverbergli 1178, vine 3 m high in forests, altitude 1,650 m: Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 1981b McGregor : Cagayan Province, Weber 1567, Bur. Sci. 13881 Ramos, For. Bur. 19559 Curran: La Union Province, Castillo, Loher b522: Laguna Province, San Antonio, Bur. Sci. 16535 Ramos, fruit reddish-yellow. Sectio Eupiper C. DC. Prodr. 161 (1869) 339 PIPER COSTULATUM C. DC. in Elm. Lead. Philip. Bot. 3 (1910) 760; Philip. Journ. Sci. 5 (1910) Bot. 420. Luzon, Nueva Vizcaya Province, Bur. Sci. 20071 McGregor. PIPER MINIATUM Blume in Verh. Bat. Genoots. 11 (1826) 166. Luzon, Rizal Province, Montalban, Loher 6812. Samar, Bur. Sci. 17b39, 17575, 176b5 Ramos. Leyte, Bur. Sci. 15256 Ramos. Basilan, Bur. Sci. 15b66 Reillo. Forma b C. DC. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 5 (1910) Bot. 422. Samar, Bur. Sci. 17586 Ramos. Leyte, Wenzel 721, 866. Forma c C. DC. 1. c. 422. Luzon, Laguna Province, San Antonio, Bur. Sci. 12018, lb998 Ramos, on trees; Mount Banajao, Elmer “A,” much branched, in clumps, fruit brownish-red. Samar, Bur. Sci. 17586 Ramos. Biliran, Bur. Sci , 18856 McGregor, in forests, altitude 500 m, fruit red. Leyte, Wenzel 91b, Mindanao, Bukidnon Subprovince, Bur. Sci. 157b7 Fenix. PIPER FRAGILE C. DC. fj MULTINERVE C. DC. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 5 (1910) Bot. 421. Luzon, Tayabas Province, Mount Pular, Bur. Sci. 19b26 Ramos. PIPER VARIBRACTEUM C. DC. in Elm. Lead. Philip. Bot. 3 (1910) 764. Emend. legerBaccis inf erne in rhachi immersis. PIPER ATROSPICUM C. DC. sp. nov. Ramulis glabris leviter costulatis; foliis modice petiolatis gla- bris, limbo elliptico-lanceolato basi ima inaequilatera acuto later- ibus aequilongis inaequilatis, apice acute acuminato, 6-nervio, nervis lateralibus altero latere 2 altero 3, petiolo fere usque ad medium vaginante ; stirpis fern, pedunculo glabro petiolum multo superante, spica in sicco atronigra quam limbus pluries breviore apice obtusa, rhachi glabra, bracteae glabrae pelta rotunda centro pedicellata, ovario inferne in rhachi immerso, stigmatibus 3 linearibus acutis, bacca superne libera globosa et glabra. Dioicum. Ramuli spiciferi 1.5 mm crassi in sicco nigri, collen- chyma in fasciculos discretos dispositum et haud libriforme. Limbi in sicco rigidi fusci et minute pellucido-punctulati, cir- citer 7.8 cm longi et usque ad 3 cm lati. Petioli circiter 12 mm peclunculi 6 mm longi. Spica 1.4 cm longa et cum baccis usque ad 5 mm crassa, bracteae pelta fero 0.75 mm diam. Leyte, Dagami, Bur. Sci. 15359 Ramos. XI, C, 5 De Candolle: Piperaceae Philippinenses 209 PIPER POLISAN U M C. DC. sp. nov. Ramulis hirtellis, foliis parvis modice petiolatis, limbo ovato- acuminato basi inaequilatera oblique rotundato, apice acute acuminato, supra glabro subtus praesertim ad nervos nervulos- que puberulo, 5-nervio, petiolo dense hirtello usque ad medium vaginante; stirpis fern, pedunculo puberulo petiolum superante, spica quam limbus pluries breviore, densiflora, l’hachi pilosa, bracteae pelta glabra rotunda centre pedicellata, pedicello piloso, ovario libero ovato glabro, stigmatibus 3 ovatis, bacca ovato- globosa. Dioicum. Ramuli spiciferi 1 mm crassi, in 3 mm crassis collenchyma in fasiculos discretos dispositum et haud libriforme, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenus unicus centralis. Limbi in sicco membranacei creberrime pellucido- punctulati, 5.5 cm longi, 2.7 cm lati. Petioli 4 mm, pedunculi 6 mm longi. Spica matura 1.5 cm longa et fere 0.5 mm crassa, bracteae pelta fere 0.75 mm diam., bacca in sicco fuscescens. Luzon, Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 19617, 19816 McGregor. PIPER PI LI PES C. DC. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 5 (1910) Bot. 423. Leyte, Dagami, Bur. Sci. 1536b Ramos, Wenzel 20, 717, 773, 889, 89b, 948. PIPER RHYNCHOLEPSIS C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 1 61 (1869) 344. Samar, Bur. Sci. 17409, 17563, 17595 Ramos. Leyte, Wenzel 56, 733. PIPER ROTUNDIST1GMUM C. DC. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 5 (1910) Bot. 425. Adder Stirpis masc. spica florens limbi dimidium superans, rhachis hirsuta, bracteae glabrae pelta rotunda centro pedicel- lata. Stamina 2, antherae ellipticae 4-valvatae quam filamenta oblonga multo breviores. Ley'TE, Dagami, Bur. Sci. 15247, 15379 Ramos; Palo, Elmer 7079, scandent, not much branched, staminate inflorescence about a foot long, curved, infructescense somewhat shorter, rigid, yellowish-red, irregularly curved. 13 PI LOSI US C. DC. var. nov. Ramulis villosis, limbo supra puberulo subtus hirtello; stirpis masc. spica subfiorente quam limbo paullo breviore, rhachi hir- suta, bracteae glabrae pelta rotunda pedicello longiusculo, stami- nibus 2, antheris ellipticis 4-valvatis filamenta paullo angustiora fere aequantibus. Samar, Bur. Sci. 17434, 17653 Ramos. 210 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 PIPER AURILIMBUM C. DC. in Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 3 (1910) 768. Adde : Stirpis masc. scandentis, pedunculo 14 mm longo, spica florente 2.5 cm longa et 3 mm crassa, rhachi et bractea ut in femina, staminibus 2, antheris rotundato-ovatis primum 4-locu- laribus, adultis magnis paullo ultra 1 mm longis et 2-valvatis. Luzon, Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 19821 McGregor : Cagayan Province, Abulug River, Weber 158 If. PIPER CRASSI LI M BUM C. DC. sp. nov. Ramulis glabris; foliis breviter petiolatis glabris, limbo late ovato basi cordulato apice acute acuminato, 7-plinervio, nervo centrali nervos adscendentes 2 mittente quorum supremus a 7-15 mm supra basin solutus, nervis lateralibus utrinque 2 a basi divaricantibus, petiolo basi ima vaginante; stirpis masc. pedun- culo glabro petiolum subaequante, spica florente quam limbus pluries breviore, rhachi hirsuta, bracteae pelta rotunda carnosa centre breviter pedicellata, staminibus 2 antheris rotundatis filamenta fere aequantibus; stirpis fern, pedunculo ut in mare, spica florente quam limbus pluries breviore, rhachi parce pilosa, bracteae pelta rotunda carnosa centro breviter pedicellata, ovario basi in rhachi leviter immerso superne oblongo carnoso glabro, stigmatibus 3 rotundatis carnosis. Dioicum, scandens, 2-3 m altum. Ramuli in sicco flavicantes, spiciferi 2 mm crassi, in 3.5 mm crassis collenchyma in fascic- ulos discretos a latera productos sat crassos dispositum et baud libriforme, fasciculi kitramedullares 1-seriati, in mare canalis lysigenus unicus centralis, in femina canalis centralis periphe- ricique multi, cellulae aurantiacae in cortice et in medulla cre- brae. Limbi in sicco coriacei flavescentes et haud pellucido- punctulati, usque ad 12.5 cm longi et 8.7 cm lati. Petioli circiter 10 mm. Spica masc. 3.5 cm longa et inferne usque ad 3 mm crassa ; spica fern, fere 2 cm longa et usque ad 3 mm crassa bracteae pelta 1.5 mm diam. Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Baguio, Merrill 76^9, 7660, in thickets, limestone region, altitude about 1,550 m, flowers greenish-yellow. PIPER PALAWAN UM C. DC. sp. nov. Ramulis glabris ; foliis breviter petiolatis glabris parvis, limbo ovato basi aequilatera cordulato summo apice acuto, 7-plinervio, nervo centrali nervos 2 adscendentes mittente quorum supremus circiter a 7 mm supra basin solutus, nervis lateralibus adscen- dentibus utrinque 2 a basi solutis, petiolo basi ima vaginante; stirpis masc. pedunculo glabro quam petiolus multo longiore, spica limbum superante glabra, bracteae pelta rotunda centro xi, c, 5 De Candolle: Piperaceae Philippinenses 211 sat longe pedicellata, staminibus 2 antheris ovatis 4-valvatis filamenta superantibus. Dioicum, scandens. Ramuli 1.5 mm crassi tenues et costulati, collenchyma continuum et in costulis auctum, haud libriforme, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysignus unicus cen- tralis. Limbi in sicco membranacei, minute pellucido-punctu- lati, usque ad 5.5 cm longi et 2.9 cm lati. Petioli 2 mm longi. Palawan, Babuyan, Bur. Sci. 15573 Fenix, near the seashore, flowers greenish-yellow. PIPER RAMOSII C. DC. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 5 (1910) Bot. 426. Adde: Stirpis fern, spica matura 1.5 cm longa, bractea ut in mare, ovarium liberum glabrum, stigmata 3 linearia, acuta, bacca ovata in vivo et in sicco rebescens, 2 mm longa. Luzon, Rizal Province, Bur. Set. 191A9 Reillo, Bur. Sci. 13397, 13U3S, 22279 Ramos. Mindanao, Bukidnon Subprovince, Bur. Sci. 15788 Fenix. PIPER DAGAMIENSE C. DC. sp. nov. Ramulis hirsutis; foliis sat longe petiolatis, limbo oblongo- ovato basi inaequilatera cordato apice obtusiuscule acuminato supra glabro, subtus praesertim ad nervos nervulosque hirtello, 11-13-plinervio, nervo centrali nervos adscendentes utrinque 2 mittente quorum supremus a 3. 5-4. 5 cm supra basin centralis solutus, nervis lateralibus utrinque 3-4 a basi divaricantibus quorum extern! aliis multo tenuiores et breviores, petiolo hir- sute ultra medium vaginante; stirpis fern, pedunculo hirtello quam petiolus multo breviore, spica quam limbus pluries bre- viore, bracteae pelta glabra rotunda margine denticulata, pedi- cello brevi hirsute, bacca interne rhachi immersa superne libera glabra et in stilum sat longum attenuata, stigmatibus 2 oblongis apice obtusis et longitudinaliter dispositis, vel interdum 3. Dioicum. Ramuli spiciferi circiter 4 mm crassi, collenchyma continuum haud libriforme, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canales lysigeni peripherici nulli, cellulae aurantiacae in cortice et in medulla crebrae. Limbi in sicco membranacei minute pellu- cido-punctulati, 18 cm longi et 8.5 cm lati. Petioli usque ad limbi latus longius 2 cm inter limbi latera 3 mm, pedunculi 1 cm longi. Spica submatura 2.5 cm longa et cum stilis usque ad 1.2 cm crassa, bracteae pelta 2 mm diam. Leyte, Dagami, Bur. Sci. 15181 Ramos. PIPER MYRM ECOPHILUM C. DC. sp. nov. Ramulis spiciferis longe villosis; foliis brevissime petiolatis, limbo ovato basi cordato et plerumque altero latere a petiolo plus minusve latiore ac magis arcuato, apice longe et acute 212 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 acuminato, supra, praesertim inferne, ad nervum centralem pilo- so et haud bullato subtus glabro, 12-plinervio nervis subtus prominentibus, nervo centrali nervos 2 adcendentes alternating mittente quorum supremus a 4 cm supra basin soiutus nervisque lateralibus altero latere 4 altero 7 a basi solutis, petiolo hirsuto basi ima vaginante ; pedunculo hirsute petiolum superante, spica limbo pluries breviore obovato-cylindrica stilis dense hirta, rhachi hirsuta, bracteae pelta orbicular! parva et glabra pedi- cello longe villoso, bacca libera glabra oblongo-obovata superne in stilum tenuem ea pluries longiorem producta, stilo apice in stigmata 2 longitudinalia breviter bifido. Dioicum. Ramuli spiciferi 2.5 mm crassi, pili usque ad 3 mm longi in sicco fuscescentes, collenchyma continuum et haud libri- forme, zona cellularum sclerosarum subepidermidali cinctum, fasciculi intramedullares 2-seriati, canalis lysigenus centralis periphericique 2. Limbi in sicco firmi creberrime et minute pel- lucido punctati, usque ad 19 cm longi et 8 cm lati basi altero latere in saccum rotundatum et formicosum deorsum reflexi. Fetioli circiter 5 mm, pedunculi 1 cm longi. Spicae fere ma- turae 5 cm longae cum stilis 2 cm crassae rhachis fere 3.3 mm crassa canali lysigeno centrali peripherisque pluribus munita, bracteae pelta 0.5 mm diam. pedicellus 4 mm longus ; bacca fere matura 1.5 mm longa et ejus stilus 7 mm longus. Samar, Bur. Sci. 17599 Ramos. PIPER MERRILLII C. DC. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 5 (1910) Bot. 426. Samar, Bur. Sci. 17527 Ramos. Negros, Canlaon Volcano, Merrill 7033, in forests, altitude about 600 m, fruit green. PIPER PSEUDOCHAVICA C. DC. forma b C. DC. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 5 (1910) Bot. 428. Luzon, Bontoc Subprovince, Vanoverbergk 691. PIPER MAGALLANESANUM C. DC. sp. nov. Ramulis glabris ; foliis breviter petiolatis glabris, limbo oblongo-ovato basi ima aequilatera subacuto obtusove apice acute attenuate, 7-plinervio, nervo centrali nervos 2 adscen- dentes et alternos mittente quorum supremus fere a 1 cm supra basin soiutus, nervis lateralibus utrinque 2 adscendentibus a basi solutis quorum externi aliis multo breviores, petiolo usque ad limbum vaginante; stirpis fern, pedunculo glabro petiolum paullulo superante, spica submatura quam limbus pluries breviore apice obtusa, rhachi hirsuta, bracteae pelta glabra rotunda centre pedicellata pedicello dense hirsuto, ovario libero ovato glabro, stigmatibus 3 oblongis brevibus. xi, c, 5 Be Candolle: Piperaceae Philippinenses 213 Dioicum. Ramuli in sicco fusci, spiciferi 1.5 mm crassi, eol- lenchyma continuum et haud libriforme, fasciculi intramedul- lares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenus unicus centralis. Limbi in sicco rigidi, minute pellucido-punctulati, usque ad 10.7 cm longi et 3.8 cm lati. Petioli 5 mm, pedunculi 7 mm longi. Spica fern, submatura, in sicco fusca, 2.5 cm longa et 4 mm crassa, bracteae pelta 1 mm diam. SlBUYAN, Mount Giting-giting, Elmer 12313 p. p. PIPER WENZELII sp. nov. Ramulis glabris; foliis modice petiolatis glabris, limbo ellip- tico-lanceolato basi aequilatera acuto apice acute acuminato, 7- plinervio nervo centrali nervos adscendentes utrinque 2 mittente quorum supremus a 2-3 cm supra basin infimus paullulo supra basin centralis solutus, nervo laterali adscendente utrinque a basi soluto, petiolo basi ima vaginante, stirpis fern, pedunculo petiolum fere aequante et glabro, spica matura limbi dimidium paullo superante, bracteae pelta rotunda glabra pedicello sat longo et dense hirsuto, bacca libera obovata, stigmatibus ovatis brevibus. Dioicum. Ramuli in sicco flavescentes, spiciferi 3 mm crassi, collenchyma continuum et libriforme, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenus centralis pluresque peripherici. Limbi in sicco coriacei pallescentes, usque ad 15.5 cm longi et 5.4 cm lati. Petioli fere 2 cm longi. Spica matura usque ad 9.5 cm longa et fere 4 mm crassa, bracteae pelta 1 mm diam., bacca 1.5 mm longa ut bractea in sicco rubra. Leyte, Wenzel 628. PIPER ALBIDIRAMEUM C. DC. in Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1905) 153. Leyte, Wenzel 1151, in forests, altitude about 700 m, a vine about 6 m high and 2 cm in diameter, fruit red. Forma c C. DC. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 5 (1910) Bot. 429. Luzon, Laguna Province, Bur. Sci. 16597, 16630 Ramos; Mount Banajao, Elmer “B,” a tall climber, fruit brick-red, branches few and quite rigid: Tayabas Province, Lucban, Elmer 8117a. Biliran, Bur. Sci. 18706 Mc- Gregor, in forests, altitude 500 m, fruit red. Leyte, Wenzel 1006. PIPER HIRTIRHACHE C. DC. sp. nov. Ramulis glabris; foliis modice petiolatis glabris, limbo subo- vato-elliptico-lanceolato basi aequilatera acuto apice acute et sat longe acuminato, 7-plinervio nervo centrali nervos adscendentes utrinque 2 mittente, quorum supremus ex 2.5 cm supra basin solutus nervo laterali adscendente utrinque a basi soluto, petiolo basi ima vaginante, stirpis masc. pedunculo glabro petiolum fere 214 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 aequante, staminibus 2, antheris 4-valvatis filamenta brevia aequantibus, stirpis fem. pedunculo glabro petiolum paullo vel usque ad duplo superante, spica florente limbi dimidium supe- rante, rhachi dense hirsuta, bracteae pelta rotunda glabra centro breviter pedicellata pedicello hirsute, ovario libero ovato, stig- matibus ovato-acutis. Dioicum. Ramuli spiciferi fere 3 mm crassi, collenchyma continuum libriforme, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, cana- lis lysigenus unicus centralis. Limbi in sicco firme membrana- cei pallidi epunctati, in mare usque ad 17.5 cm longi et 4.5 cm lati, in femina usque ad 17 cm longi et 5.5 cm lati. Petioli 11 mm, pedunculi 22 mm longi. Spica florens 10 cm superans et fere 2 mm crassa, rhachis in mare et in femina canali lysigeno centrali periphericisque multis munita, bracteae pelta fere 1 mm diam. in sicco pallide fuscescens. Leyte, Wenzel 1168, 819, 1197 spec, femin., 779 spec, masc., 891 spec, masc. cum staminibus in staminoidia mutatis. PIPER VILLIRHACHE C. DC. sp. nov. Ramulis glabris crassis ; foliis modice petiolatis glabris, limbo amplo subobovato-elliptico basi leviter inaequilatera utrinque acuto summo apice apiculato, 13- ad 17-plinervio nervo centrali nervos adscendentes utrinque 4-6 mittente quorum supremus alte supra medium centralis solutus, nervis lateralibus adscendenti- bus utrinque 2 a basi solutis, petiolo basi ima vaginante ; stirpis fem. pedunculo glabro quam petiolus breviore, spica quam lim- bus pluries breviore, rhachi dense villosa, bracteae pelta glabra obovata centro longe pedicellata pedicello villoso, floribus dense condensis, ovario libero glabro ovato apice attenuate, stigmati- bus 3-4 oblongis, bacca ovato-globosa glabra. Dioicum scandens. Ramuli in sicco fuscescentes, spiciferi fere 7 mm crassi, collenchyma continuum haud libriforme, fas- ciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, cellulae fuscescentes in cortice et in medulla creberrimae. Limbi in sicco firme membranacei creberrime et praesertim secus nervulos pellicido-punctulati, punctulis rubris, superi 25.5 cm longi et 14 cm lati. Petioli usque ad limbi latus longius 3 cm, inter limbi latera 4 mm pedunculi 2 cm longi. Spica matura 6.5 cm longa et 6 mm crassa, rhachis canali lysigeno unico centrali munita, bracteae pelta 1.5 mm longa, bacca 2 mm longa et 1.75 mm lata, in vivo rubra, in sicco fulvescens. Mindanao, Bukidnon Subprovince, Sumilao, Bur. Sci. 15778 Fenix, a vine on trees, locally known as tugpuan. xi, c, 5 De Candolle: Piperaceae Philippinenses 215 PIPER PSILOCARPUM C. DC. sp. nov. Ramulis glabris ; foliis sat longe petiolatis glabris, limbo ellip- tico basi aequilatera acuto apice acute acuminato, 9-ninervio nervo centrali nervum adscendentem utrinque fere a 3 cm supra basin mittente, nervis lateralibus adscendentibus utrinque 3 a basi solutis, petiolo basi ima vaginante; stirpis fern, pedunculo glabro quam petiolus breviore, spica florente quam limbus plu- ries breviore glabra apice obtusa, bracteae pelta rotunda centro breviter pedicellata, ovario interne in rhachi immerso superne libero et conoideo, stigmatibus 4 ovatis apice acutiusculis. Dioicum, ut videtur erectum. Ramuli in sicco fuscescentes, spiciferi 2 mm crassi, collenchyma libriforme in fascicules dis- cretos dispositum, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenus centralis pluresque peripherici. Limbi in sicco sub- rigide membranacei minutissime pellucido-punctulati usque ad 20 cm longi et 2.8 cm lati. Petioli 3 cm, pedunculi 1.5 cm longi. Spica florens 2.8 cm longa et cum ovariis 5 mm crassa, rhachis canali lysigeno unico centrali munita, bracteae pelta 1 mm diam. Leyte, Jaro, Wenzel 896, in forests, altitude 500 m. PIPER MACGREGORII sp. nov. Ramulis glabris; foliis longiuscule petiolatis glabris, limbo oblongo-ovato basi leviter inaequilatera utrinque obtuso apice obtusiuscule acuminato, 7-plinervio nervo centrali nervos adscen- dentes utrinque 2 mittente quorum supremus fere a 4 cm supra basin infimusque fere a basi soluti et nervo laterali utrinque a basi soluto aliis magis arcuato ac multo tenuiore brevioreque, petioli basi ima vaginante ; pedunculo glabro petiolum superante et tenui, spica florente quam limbus pluries breviore cylindrica et apice mucronulata, rhachi puberula, bracteae glabrae pelta rotunda late sessili, ovario inferne in rhachi profunde immerso superne emerso glabro, stigmatibus brevibus ovato-acutis. Dioicum. Ramuli spiciferi 2 mm crassi in sicco fuscescentes, in 3 mm crassis collenchyma libriforme in fasciculos discretos dispositum, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenus centralis periphericique plures. Limbi in sicco membranacei minutissime pellucido-punctulati, usque ad 17.5 cm longi et 7.3 cm lati. Petioli usque ad limbi latus longius 2 cm inter limbi latera 2 mm longi. Pedunculi 3.7 cm longi. Spicae 1.9 cm longae et circiter 4 mm crassae, rhachis canali lysigeno centrali peripherisque pluribus munita, bracteae 1 mm diam. Biliran, Bur. Sci. 18U91 McGregor, altitude 300 m. 216 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 PIPER BETLE Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 28. Luzon, Camarines Province, Bur. Sci. 2213 k Ramos: Laguna Province, Bur. Sci. 15053, 16639 Ramos. Forma b C. DC. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 5 (1910) Bot. 431. Luzon, Laguna Province, Los Banos, Bur. Sci. 9689 Robinson, in forests, altitude about 30 m: Tayabas Province, Tagcauayan, Bur. Sci. 13386 Ramos: Bulacan Province, Norzagaray, Bur. Sci. 13031 Ramos: Rizal Province, Bur. Sci. 1353k Ramos, flowers yellow. Forma c C. DC. 1. c. Luzon, Nueva Vizcaya Province, near Dupax, Bur. Sci. H172, H179 Ramos: Bataan Province, For. Bur. 23212 Alambra & Caulas. Panay, Iloilo Province, Bur. Sci. 18153 Robinson. PIPER SARCOSTYLUM C. DC. sp. nov. Ramulis glabris; foliis breviter petiolatis glabris, limbo ellip- tico-lanceolato basi aequilatera acuto apice acute acuminato; 7-plinervio nervo centrali nervos adscendentes utrinque 2 opposite mittente quorum supremi a 2.5 cm supra basin soluti, nervo laterali adscendente utrinque, a basi soluto, petiolo basi ima vaginante; stirpis fern, pedunculo glabro petiolum paullulo supe- rante, spica florente quam limbus pluries breviore, rhachi hirsuta, bracteae glabrae pelta rotunda centro subsessili, ovario inferne in rhachi immerso superne in stilum carnosum oblongum gla- brum producto, stigmatibus 3 ovatis brevibus. Dioicum, in arboribus scandens. Ramuli in sicco fusci, spi- ciferi 1 mm crassi, collenchyma fere omnino libriforme in fasciculos discretos a latere productos dispositum, fasciculi in- tramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenus unicus centralis, zona cellularum sclerosarum cum phloemate fasciculorum peripheri- corum continua, cellulaeque sclerosae in cortice glomerulatim dis- positae. Limbi in sicco rigidi creberrime pellucido-punctulati, usque ad 10.5 cm longi et 4.2 cm lati. Petioli 5 mm, pedunculi 8 mm longi. Spica florens 2 cm longa et usque ad 8 mm crassa, bracteae pelta 0.5 mm diam., stilus paullo ultra 0.5 mm longus. Species P. chabae Bl. proxima. Mindanao, Butuan Subprovince, Agusan River, Merrill 7305. PIPER CHABA Blume Verh. Bat. Genoots. 1 1 (1826) 168. Luzon, Laguna Province, San Antonio, Bur. Sci. 16608, 20520, 20582 Ramos; Mount Maquiling, Bur. Sci. 17003 Robinson: Camarines Province, Mount Isarog, Bur. Sci. 22077 Ramos. Leyte, Dagami, Wenzel kO, 802, Bur. Sci. 15503 Ramos. PIPER RHOM BOPHYILUM C. DC. Prodr. 161 (1869) 352. Luzon, Tayabas Province, Bur. Sci. 13282 Ramos: Camarines Province, Bur. Sci. 22150 Ramos. Samar, Bur. Sci. 17507 Ramos. Leyte, Elmer 7080. xi, c, 5 De Candolle: Piperaceae Philippinenses 217 PIPER FUSCESCENTIRAMEUM C. DC. sp. nov. RamuSis glabris; foliis modice petiolatis glabris, limbo ellip- tico-lanceolato basi aequilatera acuto apice acute acuminato, 9-ninervio, nervo centrali nervos adscendentes 2 alternatim mittente quorum supremus a 3 cm supra basin solutus, nervis lateralibus utrinque 3 a basi solutis quorum 2 adscendentes tertius subadscendens aliis multo tenuior ac brevior, petiolo basi ima vaginante; pedunculo glabro quam petiolus multo breviore, spica cylindrica florens quam limbus pluries breviore, rhachi hirsuta, bracteae glabrae pelta rotunda centro breviter pedi- cellata, ovario rhachi immerso superne in stilum liberum sat longum conicum et glabrum producto, stigmatibus ovatis. Dioicum, scandens. Ramuli in sicco fuscescentes, spiciferi 1 mm crassi, in 4 mm crassis collenchyma libriforme in fasci- cules discretes dispositum, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenus centralis periphericique plures. Limbi in sicco firme membranacei pellucido punctulati, superi usque ad 19 cm longi et 7.7 cm lati. Petioli 2.5 cm pedunculi 0.6 cm longi. Spica florens 1 cm longa cum stilis 4 mm crassa, in vivo alba in sicco fuscescens, rhachis canali lysigeno unico centrali munita, bracteae pelta 1 mm diam., stigmata 3. Leyte, Wenzel 118k, a vine in forests, altitude about 500 m, flowers white. PIPER VIMINALE Opiz in Presl Rel. Haenk. 1 (1828) 150, t. 26. Luzon, Laguna Province, San Antonio, Bur. Sci. 20k00 Ramos. Cami- guin, Bur. Sci. Ik6k5, H685 Ramos. PIPER CAGAYAN ENSE C. DC. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 5 (1910) Bot. 435. Luzon, Cagayan Province, Bur. Sci. 13838 Ramos, on trees in forests. PIPER PODANDRUM C. DC. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 5 (1910) Bot. 436. Luzon, Rizal Province, Loher 6008. PIPER CALVIFOLIUM C. DC. sp. nov. Ramulis glabris; foliis breviter petiolatis glabris, limbo ellip- tico-subovato-lanceolato basi aequilatera acuto, apice acute et sat longe acuminato, 5-plinervio, nervo centrali nervos 2 adscen- dentes mittente quorum supremus a 7-15 mm supra basin solutus, nervo laterali utrinque a basi soluto, petiolo usque ad limbum vaginante; stirpis masc. pedunculo glabro petiolum superante, spica florente quam limbus pluries breviore, rhachi hirsuta, bracteae pelta glabra rotunda centre pedicellata pedicello hirsuto, staminibus 2 antheris ovatis quam filamenta longioribus. Ramuli spiciferi fere 1 mm crassi, collenchyma in fascicules discretes dispositum et hand libriforme, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenus unicus centralis, pholoema inter fas- 218 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 ciculos periphericos continuum. Limbi in sicco membranacei minute et inconspicue pellucido-punctulati, 8.5-9 cm longi 2.S-2.8 cm lati. Petioli fere 4 mm pedunculi 10 mm longi. Spica florens 1.7 cm longa at 1.5 mm crassa, rhachis sine canali lysigeno, bracteae pelta 0.5 mm diam. Luzon, Loher 679b V • P-, h. Monac. ex h. Kew. PIPER POLYCLADUM C. DC. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 5 (1910) Bot. 438. Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Baguio, Phil. PI. 751 Merrill, in thickets, limestone region, altitude 1,500 m, flowers yellow: Rizal Province, Bur. Sci. 13396 Ramos, on trees in forests. PIPER SARMENTOSUM Roxb. FI. Ind. 1 (1820) 162. Negros, Cabancalan, Merrill 6729. Camiguin, Mambajao, Elmer Ib2b5. Forma b C. DC. forma nova. Limbo brevius acuminato. Mindanao, Davao District, Piper bb9. PIPER CORYLISTACH YON C. DC. Prodr. 16 1 (1869) 346. Luzon, Laguna Province, San Antonio, Bur. Sci. 20527, 12030 Ramos: Rizal Province, Antipolo, Bur. Sci. 11867 Robinson: Tayabas Province, Bur. Sci. 1332b Ramos: Pangasinan Province, Umingan, Bur. Sci. 18338 Otanes. Samar, Bur. Sci. 17b20 Ramos. Biliran, Bur. Sci. 18785 McGregor. Mindanao, Davao District, Bur. Sci. 15859 Fenix. Leyte, Malitbog, Weber 1523. Forma b C. DC. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 5 (1910) Bot. 439. Luzon, Camarines Province, Philip. PI. 1575 Ramos. Biliran, Bur. Sci. 18775 McGregor. Leyte, Elmer 7083. Forma d C. DC. 1. c. Luzon, Rizal Province, Loher 6801 : Cagayan Province, Bur. Sci. 13882 Ramos, on trees in damp forests, flowers yellowish-white. PIPER RE1NWARDTIANUIV1 C. DC. Prodr. 1 61 (1869) 354. Panay, Iloilo Province, Bur. Sci. 1813b Robinson. PIPER RETROFRACTUM Vahl Enum. 1 (1804) 314. Babuyanes Islands, Dalupiri, Bur. Sci. 10638, 10651 McGregor: Cami- guin, Bur. Sci. b092 Fenix. Luzon, Rizal Province, Bur. Sci. 118bl Robin- son, fruit dark-red: Laguna Province, Jala-Jala, Bur. Sci. 11935 Robinson & Ramos. Mindoro, Merrill 33b2, near the seashore. Palawan, Bur. Sci. Weber, Bur. Sci. 190 Bermejos, Ulugan Bay, Merrill 7216, in coconut groves at sea level, Bur. Sci. 851 Foxrvorthy, in forests along streams, growing on trees and shrubs. PIPER PENNINE RVE C. DC. in Perk. Frag. FI. Philip. (1905) 157. Adde: Stirpis masc. spica canali lysigneo central! peripher- isque munita, rhachis glabra, bracteae pelta rotunda centro pedicellata, stamina 2, antherae 4-valvatae tetragonae. Leyte, Jaro, Wenzel 719, in forests, altitude 500 m. xi, c, 5 De Candolle: Piperaceae Philippinenses 219 PIPER PERPUNCTATUM C. DC. sp. nov. Ramulis tantum ad nodos parce puberulis ; foliis modice petiolatis, limbo ovato basi aequilatera rotundato apice acute acuminato, supra glabro subtus parce pilosulo, 5-plinervio nervo centrali nervos 2 adscendentes oppositos a 5 mm supra basin mittente, nervo laterali patule adscendente utrinque a basi soluto, petiolo superne parce pilosulo paullo ultra medium vaginante; stirpis masc. pedunculo glabro petiolum aequante tenui, spica florente quam limbus pluries breviore apice attenuata, rhachi hirsuta, bracteae glabrae pelta rotunda margine undulata centro subsessili, staminibus 2, antheris parvis rotundatis 4-valvatis, filamenta oblonga aequantibus. Dioicum, scandens. Ramuli in sicco nigri, spiciferi 0.5 mm crassi, collenchyma libriforme in fasciculos discretes a latere productos dispositum, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenus unicus centralis. Limbi in sicco tenuiter membranacei creberrime pellucido-puntati, superi 7 cm longi et 4 cm lati, subsequentes rotundato-ovati basi cordati apice acute acuminati 7 cm longi et 5.6 cm lati. Petioli superi 4 mm, subsequentes usque ad 20 mm longi. Spica florens 9 mm longa fere usque ad 1.5 mm crassa, bracteae pelta 0.55 mm diam. Palawan, Malampaya Bay, Merrill 72U6, on trees in forests, altitude about 8 m, flowers green. PIPER DELICATUM C. DC. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 5 (1910) Bot. 443. Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Mount Tonglon, Phil. PI. 750 Merrill, mossy forest, altitude about 1,900 m, a vine 1 to 3 m high growing on tree trunks, flowers pale yellow: Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 19815 McGregor : Bon toe Subprovince, Vanoverbergh 11J+0, in forests, alti- tude about 1,600 m: Camarines Province, Mount Isarog, Bur. Sci. 22061 Ramos. Forma b C. DC. forma nova. Foliis minoribus, limbo usque ad 4 cm longo et 1 cm lato. Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Pauai, Mrs. Clemens 9160. PIPER LONG1VAGINANS C. DC. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 5 (1910) Bot. 444. Luzon, Camarines Province, Mount Isarog, Bur. Sci. 22057 Ramos. Forma b C. DC. forma nova. Foliis minoribus, limbo usque ad cm longo et 1 cm lato. Luzon, Province of Rizal, Loher 6789, 6811. Sibuyan, Elmer 12313 p. p. PIPER EUPODUM C. DC. sp. nov. Ramulis junioribus baud dense hirsutis; foliis modice petiolatis, limbo ovato-acuminato basi fere aequilatera in mare rotundato in femina acuto, apice acute acuminato, supra tantum inferne et subtus ubique ad nervos nervulosque haud dense hirtello, 220 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 7-plinervio nervo central! paullo supra basin trifido nervis late- ralibus utrinque 2 a basi solutis, petiolo sat dense hirsute basi vaginante; pedunculo parce hirtello petiolum triplo superante; spica subfiorente quam limbus longiore, in mare rhachi dense hirsuta, bracteae pelta glabra rotundato-obovata pedicello sat longo basi parce piloso, staminibus, 2 antheris ellipticis 4-valvatis quam filamenta aequilata multo brevioribus, in femina rhachi hirsuta foveataque, bracteae pelta glabra transverse elliptica centro pedicellata pedicello hirsute, baccis condensis obovato- oblongis glabris, stigmatibus 3 oblongis brevibus et hirtellis. Frutex scandens. Ramuli spiciferi 1 mm crassi, collenchyma in fasciculos discretes dispositum, libriforme, fasciculi intrame- dullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenus unicus centralis. Limbi in sicco membranacei minute pellucido-punctulati, superi 6.5 cm longi et 3.5 cm lati. Petioli fere 1 cm, pedunculi 3.5 cm longi. Spica subflorens 8.5 cm longa et usque ad 2.5 mm crassa, brac- teae pelta 0.75 mm longa. Leyte, Dagami, Bur. Sci. 15227 Ramos, masc., in forests, altitude 500 m, Wenzel 1C05, fem., a vine, fruit green. PIPER LEYTEANUM C. DC. sp. nov. Ramulis velutine puberulis; foliis sat longe petiolatis, limbo oblongo-ovato basi fere aequilatera cordato apice acute acumi- nato, utrinque velutine puberulo; nervo centrali nervos adscen- dentes utrinque 4 mittente, quorum supremus a 5-7 cm supra basin centralis solutus, nervis lateralibus utrinque 3-4 a basi divaricantibus, petiolo hirtello et velutine puberulo paullo ultra basin vaginante; stirpis masc. pedunculo fere glabro petiolum superante, spica suflorente quam limbi dimidium paullo longiore, rhachi hirsuta, bracteae glabrae pelta rotunda centro sat longe pedicellata, staminibus 2, antheris 4-valvatis. Ramuli spiciferi 2.5 mm crassi, collenchyma in fasciculos dis- cretos dispositum et zona interna vel fere omnino libriforme, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenus centralis nullus, peripherici plures. Limbi in sicco membranacei incon- spicue pellucido-punctulati, 15-20.5 cm longi, 8.5-9 cm lati. Pet- ioli 2 cm, pedunculi 3.5 cm longi. Spica subflorens 2 mm crassa, bracteae pelta fere 0.75 mm diam. Leyte, Dagami, Wenzel 21 It. PIPER OVATIBACCUM C. DC. in Elm. Lead. Philip. Bot. 3 (1910) 782. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Banajao, Bur. Sci. 9755, 9759 Robinson; San Antonio, Bur. Sci. 20418, 20428, 20486 Ramos: Tayabas Province, Mount Pular, Bur. Sci. 19870 Ramos. Leyte, Wenzel 735, 1114, 1162, Bur. Sci. 15363 Ramos, in forests, altitude 500 m, fruit scarlet. xi, c, 5 De Candolle: Piperaceae Philippinenses 221 PIPER CHLOROCARPUM C. DC. sp. nov. Ramulis viilosis; foliis modice petiolatis, limbo ovato-lanceo- lato basi ima leviter inaequilatera anguste cordulato apice acute et sat longe acuminato supra et subtus densius piloso, nervo centrali nervos adscendentes utrinque 4 mittente quorum supre- mus a 2 cm supra basin solutes, petiolo villoso usque ad medium vaginante; stirpis fern, pedunculo tenui parce piloso petiolum multo superante, spica limbi dimidium subaequante apice rotun- data, densiflora, rhachi pilosa, bracteae pelta rotunda glabra centro sat longe pedicellata pedicello piloso, bacca libera oblonga obovata glabra, stigmatibus 3 ovatis brevibus. Dioicum. Ramuli 2 mm crassi, collenchyma libriforme in fas- ciculos discretos dispositum, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenus unicus centralis. Limbi in sicco firmi, pellu- cido-punctulati 15.5 cm longi et usque ad 5.2 cm lati. Petioli usque ad limbi latus longius 7 mm, inter limbi latera 2 mm longi. Pedunculi 4.5 cm longi. Spica in vivo viridis, matura 7.5 cm longa et 0.6 cm crassa, bracteae pelta fere 0.75 mm diam. Luzon, Laguna Province, San Antonio, Bur. Sci. 16638 Ramos. PIPER AGUSANENSE C. DC. in Elm. Leaf!. Philip. Bot. 6 (1914) 2291. Camiguin, Bur. Sci. 14644 Ramos. PIPER TOPPINGII C. DC. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 5 (1910) Bot. 446. Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Mount Tonglon, Merrill 7770, vine 2 to 3 m long, on trees, altitude about 2,000 m; Baguio, Bur. Sci. 14114 Robinson: Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 19818 McGregor: Rizal Province, San Isidro, Phil. PI. 274 Ramos. PIPER OVATIBRACTEUM C. DC. in Elm. Lead. Philip. Bot. 3 (1910) 784. Luzon, Tayabas Province, Bur. Sci. 13368 Ramos. Mindanao, Butuan Subprovince, Agusan River at Talacogon, Merrill 7316, on trunks of palms and other trees, flowers yellowish. Camiguin, Bur. Sci. 14646, 14771 Ramos. PIPER LONGI LI MBUM C. DC. sp. nov. Ramulis tantum ad nodos hirtellis; foliis breviter petiolatis, limbo elliptico-lanceolato basi leviter inaequilatera acuto apice longe et acute acuminato, supra glabro subtus hirsute, nervo centrali nervos subrectos adscendentes utrinque 11-12 mittente quorum supremus a 16 cm supra basin solutus, petiolo hirsute basi vaginante; pedunculo parce piloso quam petiolus breviore, spica subfiorente quam limbi dimidium paullo breviore, rhachi pilosa, bracteae glabrae pelta rotunda centro pedicellata, stami- nibus 2 antheris obovatis filamenta tenuis superantibus connec- tive ultra thecas peltatim et tenuiter producto. Dioicum. Ramuli in sicco complanati fere 5 mm crassi, col- 222 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 lenchyma in fasciculos discretes a latere valde productos dispo- sition et baud libriforme, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenus unicus centralis, cellulae fuscescentes in cor- tice et in medulla crebrae. Limbi in sicco membranacei epunc- tati, usque ad 27 cm longi et 9 cm lati. Petioli usque ad limbi latus longius 10 mm, inter limbi latera 3 mm longi. Pedunculi 8 mm longi. Spicae 10.5 cm longae et circiter 2 mm crassae canali lysigeno unico centrali munitae, bracteae pelta fere 0.5 mm diam. Samar, Bur. Sci. 17602 Ramos. PIPER INTERRUPTUM Opiz in Presl Rel. Haenk. 1 (1828) 157. Luzon, Rizal Province, San Isidro, Phil. PI. 267 Ramos: Cagayan Prov- ince, Abulug River to Linao, For. Bur. 11611 Curran: Nueva Vizcaya Province, Bur. Sci. 201 44 McGregor. Forma b C. DC. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 5 (1910) Bot. 448. Luzon, Laguna Province, Calauan, Bur. Sci. 12425 McGregor. Forma c C. DC. forma nova. Limbo minore et angustiore, nempe usque ad 9 cm longo et 3 cm lato antheris quam filamenta adulta oblonga multo bre- vioribus. Luzon, Bontoc Subprovince, Bauco, V anoverbergh 1184, 558, in forests, altitude 1,250 to 1,690 m. PIPER SUBARBORESCENS C. DC. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 5 (1910) Bot. 449. Luzon, Rizal Province, For. Bur. 3299 Ahern’s collector, Bur. Sci. 22273 Ramos. PIPER PULOGENSE C. DC. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 5 (1910) Bot. 453. Species propter baccam vix stipitatam hie collocanda. Luzon, Benguet Subprovince, Mount Tonglon, Phil. PI. 749 Merrill, vine 2 to 3 m high on trees, altitude 2,200 m, flowers green. PIPER M ULTISTIGM U M C. DC. sp. nov. Ramulis glabris; foliis modice petiolatis glabris, limbo ovato- acuminato basi ima aequilatera acuto apice acute acuminato, 5-nervio, petiolo ultra medium vaginante ; stirpis fern, pedunculo glabro petiolum paullo superante, spica quam limbus fere duplo longiore, rhachi pilosa, bracteae glabrae pelta obovato-oblonga apice rotundata deorsum attenuata et tantum marginibus libera, ovario glabro libero, stigmatibus 5-6 linearibus apice acutis, bacca matura ovato-globosa. Bioicum. Ramuli spiciferi fere 1.5 mm crassi in sicco nig- rescentes, collenchyma libriforme in fasciculos discretos dispo- situm, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenus unicus XI, C, 5 De Candolle: Piperaceae Philippinenses 223 centralis. Limbi in sicco membranacei pellucido-punctulati, 8.8 cm longi, 3.5 cm lati. Petioli 1 cm, pedunculi usque ad 1.6 cm longi. Spica baccifera usque ad 15.5 cm longa, rhachis ca- nali lysigeno unico centrali munita, bractea fere 5.5 longa et apice 1 mm lata, bacca in sicco fuscescens, fere 4 mm longa. Luzon, Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 19819 McGregor. PIPER LOHERI C. DC. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 5 (1910) Bot. 450. Luzon, Laguna Province, Calauan, Bur. Sci. 12421 McGregor : Rizal Province, Montalban, Phil. PI. 269 Merrill, Bur. Sci.. 11840 Robinson. Forma c C. DC. forma nova. Limbo 5-nervio, rotundato-ovato-lanceolato basi aequilatera acuto apice acute acuminato, usque ad 7 cm longo et 4-8 cm lato. Luzon, Union Province, Bauang, Bur. Sci. 12983 Fenix. Forma b multiplinerve C. DC. 1. c. Luzon, Bulacan Province, Norzagaray, Bur. Sci. 12242 Foxworthy, fruit orange. PIPER SAMARANUM C. DC. sp. nov. Ramulis glabris, foliis modice petiolatis glabris, limbo ovato- lanceolato basi leviter inaequilatera utrinque acuto apice acute acuminato, 5-plinervio nervo centrali nervos adscendentes 2 al- terne vel opposite mittente quorum supremus a 1 cm supra basin solutus, nervis lateralibus adscendentibus utrinque 2 a basi solutis quorum externus aliis multo tenuior et brevior, pet- iolo tenui basi vaginante; pedunculo glabro petiolum multo su- perante, spica quam limbus fere duplo longiore, glabra, bractea subobovato-oblonga inferne attenuata apice rotundata, baccis condensis subglobosis, stigmatibus ovato-acutis. Dioicum. Ramuli in sicco cinerescentes, spiciferi 1.75 mm crassi, collenchyma fere omnino libriforme in fascicules discretes dispositum, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenus nullus. Limbi in sicco cinerescentes firmi inconspicue et minute pellucido-punctulati, circiter 7.7 cm longi et 2.7 cm lati. Petioli usque ad 0.7 cm, pedunculi 2 cm longi. Spica 13.5 cm longa, bractea apice paullo ultra 1 mm lata, bacca 3.5 mm longa, in sicco fuscescens. Samar, Bur. Sci. 17546 Ramos. PIPER NIGRUM Linn, forma GLABRISPICA C. DC. forma nova. Stirpis masc. rhachi glabra. Mindanao, Butuan Subprovince, Lake Liluan, Weber. PIPER ARBORISE DENS C. DC. sp. nov. Ramulis glabris; foliis modice petiolatis glabris, limbo subo- vato-lanceolato basi aequilatera acuto apice acute et sat longe 143573 2 224 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 acuminato, 5- ad 7-plinervio, nervo centrali nervos 2 adscendentes alternos mittente quorum supremus a 10 mm supra basin solu- tus, nervo laterali unico vel nervis lateralibus 2 adscendentibus utrinque a basi solutis, quorum externus aliis multo tenuior et brevior, petiolo fere usque ad medium vaginante; stirpis fern, pedunculo glabro petiolum fere aequante, spica matura limbi dimidium fere aequante, rhachi hirsuta, bracteae glabrae pelta obovata centre sessili, ovario libero ovato glandulis subasperato, stigmatibus 3 ovato-acutis, bacca oblongo-ovata glabra stipitem suum glabrum multo superante. Dioicum, in arboribus scandens. Ramuli in sicco fusci, spici- feri 5 mm crassi, collenchyma in fasciculos discretos a latere productos dispositum et zona interna libriforme, canalis lysige- nus unicus centralis. Limbi in sicco rigide membranacei pellu- cido-punctulati, usque ad 11 cm longi et 3.5 cm lati. Petioli circiter 12 mm longi. Spica fern, matura 5 cm longa, subdensi- bacca, bracteae pelta 1.5 mm longa et usque ad 1 mm lata, bacca 6 mm longa usque ad 3.5 mm lata, in sicco nigra. Luzon, Laguna Province, San Antonio, Bur. Sci. 24984 Ramos. PIPER MARIVELESANUM C. DC. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 5 (1910) Bot. 457. Luzon, Rizal Province, Montalban, Loher 6792: Laguna Province, San Antonio, Bur. Sci. 10952 Ramos, fruit red: Tayabas Province, Tagcauayan, Bur. Sci. 13349 Ramos. PIPER CANINUM Blume in Verh. Bat. Genoots. 11 (1826) 214. Luzon, Ifugao Subprovince, Mount Polis, Bur. Sci. 19820 McGregor: Camarines Province, Sagnay, Bur. Sci. 22133 Ramos. Samar, Bur. Sci. 17508 Ramos. Leyte, Wenzel 856. Mindanao, Surigao Province, Piper 244, 245. Camiguin, Bur. Sci. 14645, 14672, 14685, 14699 Ramos. Pala- wan, Malampaya Bay, Merrill 7213, on small trees in forests, flowers green. PIPER M ERRITTI I C. DC. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 5 (1910) Bot. 460. Luzon, Camarines Province, Mount Isarog, Bur. Sci. 22623 Ramos: Laguna Province, San Antonio, Bur. Sci. 16537 Ramos. Samar, Bur. Sci. 17557 Ramos. P parvifolium C. DC. var. nov. Limbo rotundato basi cordato apice acute acuminato, 7 cm longo, 4.7 cm lato. Leyte, Wenzel 1095, a vine in forests, altitude 500 m. PIPER V1LULIMBUM C. DC. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 5 (1910) Bot. 461. Luzon, Cagayan Province, Bur. Sci. 13895 Ramos: Tayabas Province, Mount Banajao, Elmer “C.” Camiguin, Bur. Sci. 14472 Ramos. XI, C, 5 De Candolle: Piperaceae Pliilippinenses Sectio Heckeria Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 5 (1886) 95 225 PIPER UMBELLATUM Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 43, var. SUBPELTATUM C. DC. in Donn.-Sm. Enum. 6 : 39. Luzon, Laguna Province, Mount Maquiling, Bur. Sci. 16897 Servinas; Pililla-Mavitak trail, Bur. Sci. 1191^6 Robinson & Ramos; Benguet Sub- province, Sablan, Bur. Sci. 1269 U Fenix. Basilan, Bur. Sci. 15^56 Reillo. Camiguin, Bur. Sci. H723 Ramos. Mindanao, Bukidnon Subprovince, Bur. Sci. 15787 Fenix. Var. GLABRUM, forma b, C. DC. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 6 (1898) 494. Luzon, Laguna Province, Calauan, Bur. Sci ■ 121fH McGregor. The Philippine Journal op Science, C. Botany. Vol. XI, No. 5, September, 1916. GROWTH PHENOMENA OF DIOSCOREA By Edwin Bingham Copeland (From the College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines, Los Banos, P. I.) Studies of Dioscorea of several kinds have been in progress at the College of Agriculture during the past three years. These studies, before this year, have included the systematic determi- nations (by Mr. I. H. Burkill), the preparation of keys for the identification of varieties, the investigation of behavior in the field of a large number of forms, studies of their chemical and culinary characteristics, and growth studies. Considerable in- formation as to the growth of different varieties, with notes as to growth movements, was collected by Mr. Mariano Ray- mundo in the preparation of a thesis, publication of which is delayed until Mr. Raymundo’s return from America. As a feature of the irregular postal service during these years of war, reviews of the Pfeffer Festschrift 1 reached Manila in advance of the Festschrift itself. From one of these reviews I learned of Professor Newcombe’s work, “Das Verhalten der Windepflanzen in der Dunkelheit,” 2 and was immediately struck by the natural advantages with which Dioscorea would lend itself to such study. It presently developed that Duchartre 3 had long since used Dioscorea batatas for this purpose and that De Vries 4 repeated Duchartre’s experiments, both agreeing that there was neither circumnutation nor twisting except under the immediate or deferred influence of light. As neither of these papers, nor any other available literature in the same field, showed any reason for a relation between nuta- tion and illumination, and as a supply of roots of various varieties of Dioscorea was on hand at the moment, I had a series of these roots placed where they might germinate. For this initial work, 1 Jahrbiich. f. Wissenschaf. Bot. 56: (1915). 2 Ibid., p. 511. 3 Experiences relatives a l’influence de la lumiere sur l’enroulement des tiges. Comp. Rend. Acad. Sc. Paris 61 (1865) 1142. * Zur Mechanik der Bewegungen von Schlingpflanzen. Arbeit. Bot. Inst. Wurzburg 1 (1873) 327. 227 228 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 I am indebted to my assistant, Mr. R. B. Espino. Of each of thirteen varieties, and working with a single pure strain in each case, ten roots were placed in darkness on a concrete floor, three in darkness in moderately moist soil, ten in the plant-physiology laboratory on a wooden table beside the windows, and three in the latter place, but in bamboo tubes of soil. The names and numbers of the plants used for these observations are given in Table I. Table I. — Names and numbers of plants of Dioscorea used in the experiments. Col- lege No. Botanical name. Vernacular name. 88 329 331 938 952 956 958 969 960 1094 1101 1369 D. aculeata var. tiliaefolia D. alata D. hirsuta D. alata do do do do do do D. aculeata D. alata Tugui. Binaksan ube. Calut or nami. Ube. Lagkitang-morado. Tumque. Sinanto. Kinahoy na pula. Dinaliri. Ube inanislog. Apari or tugui baliran. Ubeng ligao. For darkness, the photographic dark room was used, since it was at that time, April, needed for no other purpose. The dark room and the plant-physiology laboratory are in the same building. Occasional observations showed the temperature to be the same in the two rooms, and there was no evident difference in humidity during the early part of the experiment. During the latter part of the experiment, the soil in the dark room was not kept moist, so that the air there was drier than previously, while in the laboratory, the air became more humid as the rainy season came on. Therefore, growth during the latter part of the period of observation is not available for a judgment as to the effect of light and darkness on the rate of growth. With some interruptions, daily growth measurements were made from April 25 to May 26. In presenting statistics of this kind, the use of averages has become usual and one is tempted to present them. With one hundred fifty-six plants in light and an equal number in darkness, it would have seemed that I was working with sufficient material to justify the use of averages. xi, c, 5 Copeland: Groivth Phenomena of Dioscorea 229 However, while the behavior of the different plants from the time that a sprout became active until its growth ceased, or at least slackened, had so much in common that in a general way it can be described as uniform in its larger features, there was such irregularity in the time at which this occurred that the difference, which would appear at any time between average growth in darkness and average growth in light, would have been an expression of the number of plants that happened just then to be active, rather than of a difference in growth under the influence of the illumination. Some plants started, reached their maximum rate, and nearly or quite ceased to grow; while others remained quite inactive, but retained their power of growth, as proved by subsequent behavior. Tables II and III shown the growth in millimeters, for one day, May 8-9 and for one week, May 9-16, respectively, for each of the plants. The exceeding irregularity is seen at the first glance. While these tables contain many blanks, indicating that the plants in question had not begun to grow, there were very few of the entire lot of roots that did not grow before the experiment was discontinued, about the end of June. There was no rule as to which plants would grow first, except, perhaps, that a large tuber was likely to germinate earlier than a small one ; even to this rule, there were so many exceptions that it would not be worth while to pair the tubers by size and to expect them to be comparable in rate of growth at any partic- ular time. Some varieties on the average germinated sooner in darkness and others in light. On the whole, germination of the plants in soil was quicker in darkness than in light. This was possibly due to the soil having been kept wetter in the dark room; but there was no intention to do this. In the light the plants of more than half of the varieties germinated more slowly in the bamboo tubes than on the open table. In spite of this, my conclusion from observation of the whole series is that germination can be hastened somewhat by moisture, but is in- dependent of illumination. In spite of the diversity of figures in Tables II and III and of the further fact that this diversity would be the same if any other days or weeks were chosen for presentation, I believe that one may conclude from all of the figures that the rate of growth of young shoots of Dioscorea is independent of the light. Pfeifer, probably on Sachs’s authority, says that this is the case. The average growth of all cultures, as has already been noted, was 230 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 greater in the light. But, as also previously suggested, I suspect that this was due to the atmospheric moisture. The average growth of reasonably active plants was usually greater in light than in darkness. Such an average is meaningless, unless the plants compared are at the same stage of the grand period of growth of the shoot being tested; but, if such averages are greater on the one side consistently, day after day, outside con- ditions may be regarded as responsible. However, there were constantly conspicuous exceptions to this rule, there being at all times from one-third to one-half of the varieties of which the most rapidly growing single plant was in the dark. Table II. — Growth of tubers of Dioscorea during one day, May 9-10. Growth in millimeters. Col- lege No. Illumination. Without soil. Tuber No. — In soil. Tuber No.- 1 2 S 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 I 2 3 962 6 6 19 7 4 11 1 6 2 3 1369 12 4 2 7 6 958 14 8 6 10 1 2 960 3 6 1 3 4 7 10 40 7 16 12 33 i 5 31 9 17 4 4 62 331 1 Dark 9 16 70 26 5 4 70 157 6 135 4 4 34 951 2 5 2 2 12 6 26 1 6 3 4 88 13 3 26 10 28 25 2 2 24 39 76 116 18 4 159 97 127 26 91 6 91 121 956 2 4 2 2 4 61 4 1 1 1101 9 11 11 2 31 41 5 14 54 71 120 3 31 3 5 5 329 7 1 2 32 7 19 5 13 5 3 18 5 6 5 16 1094 7 7 1 2 12 2 3 938 [Dark 10 7 3 1 1 xi, c, 5 Copeland: Growth Phenomena of Dioscorea 231 Table III. — Groivth of tubers of Dioscorea during one week, May 9-16. Col- lege No. Illumination. Growth in millimeters. Without soil. Tuber No. — In soil. Tuber No.- i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 8 14 2 58 3 77 64 111 952 70 38 12 9 15 16 6 48 4 27 14 25 1369 15 32 9 9 58 9 28 40 958 17 9 6 20 35 65 2 19 33 52 40 519 191 960 115 329 15 121 246 85 137 57 42 42 288 J Dark 109 309 70 749 419 331 15 156 701 580 64 717 8 13 306 17 43 9 2 25 60 85 959 5 185 7 19 8 5 34 44 88 ) Dark - 73 29 208 21 312 324 52 11 262 286 998 489 74 6 769 320 788 399 338 470 743 423 10 ] Dark 3 21 22 8 11 6 906 8 966 9 3 14 160 1G1 168 16 218 330 79 244 262 344 1101 634 116 14 103 614 61 23 122 149 I Dark 34 42 37 40 1 6 1 171 60 84 329 68 124 17 10 9 159 82 64 71 159 51 21 46 1 20 84 23 1094 9 69 7 14 6 16 19 8 938 10 16 10 7 86 140 10 24 17 20 1 35 9 During the whole period of experiment, the plants exposed to light reached a decidedly greater average length, as is shown by Table IV. Table IV. — Length of longest shoot and average of most active plants. College In light. In darkness. No. Longest. Average. Longest. Average. 88 mm. 3,860 mm. 3,457 mm. 1, 690 mm. 1,321 329 1,967 1,324 860 634 331 4, 780 2,540 1,900 1,695 938 2,235 792 1,052 672 952 722 496 682 430 956 865 790 2, 844 924 958 2,591 1,454 919 678 959 2, 540 1,455 448 960 2, 718 1,371 2, 150 1,160 1094 1, 107 963 421 375 1101 2, 661 2,010 875 1369 1,900 1,342 1, 130 945 232 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 The chief reason for this very considerable difference is not the rate of growth of active plants, but is rather the fact, that after the middle of the time of experiment there was a decided tendency for the plants in darkness to die at the tips. This was perhaps due to the dry atmosphere, perhaps to darkness itself. The death of the tip was usually followed by the appearance of branches. The plants in darkness had usually several axes, either by the branching of the shoot, or by the production of a number of successive shoots from the roof; while in light, the plants of most varieties produced a single shoot, which did not branch during the period of the experiment. What would ob- viously be expected, was true — the plants with one shoot reached a greater length than did equally thrifty plants with several shoots of which only one was measured. The possibility has just been suggested that the darkness is itself responsible for the blasting of the young tips and their replacement by branches. In the course of the experiment, it happened to nearly all of the plants, which were first to germinate and grow vigorously, that the vigorous shoots gradually grew less rapidly and presently ceased to grow altogether. This happened sooner in darkness, but eventually to many of the plants growing in light. My first impression in the case of the plants in light, which in several cases reached a length of nearly, or quite, two meters before growth ceased, was that the store of food was becoming exhausted or that the distance to which food might be transported from the root to support activity at the growing point had been reached or exceeded. However, it presently developed, that in every case of this kind one or more branches developed soon after the cessation of growth of the first tip and that at least one of these branches grew as actively as the main shoot had previously done and presently exceeded the main shoot in length. The experiment was continued long enough so that some of these branches in their turn ceased to grow in the same manner and were likewise outgrown by other branches. The total length from root to tip of branch was in a number of cases more than twice that of the main shoot. The plants in the laboratory, although spoken of as exposed to light, were not illuminated as plants are likely to be in nature. It occurs to me, that with anything less than normal illumination it may be natural for the tip of any one stem or branch to cease to grow after a time, unless it comes under conditions quite favorable to development as a permanent main axis of the plant. Under these conditions, the attempt is made next with a branch which at first, at least, follows a different course from the parent xi, c, 5 Copeland: Growth Phenomena of Dioscorea 233 shoot and so tests the possibility of growing into thoroughly favorable conditions, following a different line. If this be the explanation, the dying of the tips in darkness may be a more pronounced expression of the same power of the plant to test out a succession of possible lines of growth, instead of consuming its whole food store in an attempt to reach the light with a single attempt. I have observed that branches of Dioscorea luzonica, growing beside my house, reach a limited length and stop rather abruptly under the eaves, but continue to grow much longer and develop as vegetative shoots, if they happen to grow outside the eaves. Direct, but not very careful, observation seemed to show that the plants in the laboratory grew as fast during the day as during the night or somewhat faster during the day. Doctor McLean kindly checked this observation by the use of the auxa- nometer with one of the healthy plants of Dioscorea hirsuta, No. 331. The results of this test, from 9 o’clock in the morning, May 30, to 9 o’clock in the morning, May 31, with the thermo- graph reading at the same hours, are shown in Table V. Table V. — Hourly growth of a healthy plant of Dioscorea hirsuta, No. 331, during twenty-four hours. Time. Growth. Tempe- rature. Time. Growth. Tempe- rature. a. m. mm. °c. p. m. mm. •c. 9 27 9___ 6.8 27.8 10 6.8 27.6 10 8.7 27.0 11 8.8 28.5 11 7.8 26.3 m. 12. 7.5 25.8 12 8.9 29.5 a. m. p. m. i 6.5 25.5 l... 9.1 30.1 2 7.3 25.2 2 8.4 30.8 3 7.0 25.0 3 10.1 31.0 4 6.0 24.9 4 11.3 31.1 5 cn CO 24.7 5 11.6 31.1 6 6.6 24.7 6 11.6 30.6 7 6.3 25.9 7 9.5 29.8 8 5.9 26.7 8 9.2 28.6 9 6.4 26.9 ' The growth of this plant during the daylight hours was conspic- uously more rapid than during the night, but the distribution of growth is very evidently much more closely correlated with the temperature than with the illumination, which was stronger during the forenoon than in the afternoon. The slowest growth recorded for any hour was from 7 to 8 in the morning, while the 234 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 illumination was not much less than at midday, but the temper- ature was 4° or 5° lower. This experiment substantiates the opinion previously reached that illumination in itself is practi- cally without direct influence on the rate of growth ; but the same experiment demonstrates that temperature has great influence on growth, and suggests that an increase of 5°, say a change from 26° to 31°, is sufficient almost to double the growth rate. A considerable number of measurements of growth by centi- meter zones were made in light and in darkness, using in all cases plants which were among the most rapid in their growth. The general result was that the plants in light had a considerably longer growing region, and that the region of most rapid growth was farther from the apex. A few illustrations will suffice to make this clear. Table VI. — Growth in millimeters of centimeter zones. Centimeter zone. May 18-19. College No. 88. May 9-10. College No. 88. May 9-10. College Mo. 331. May 18-19. College No. 960. In light. Dry 9. In dark- ness. Soil 2. In light. Dry 1. In dark- ness. Soil 3. In light. Dry 6. In dark- ness. Soil 1. In light. Soil 6. In dark- ness. Soil 2. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. 1 5 8 3 7 3.5 6 1 o I 2 8 14 10 14 5.5 7 1 3 1 3 3—_ - 7 17 10 16 10 9 2 13 4 4.5 20 12 8 10 16 2 3.5 6 4 16 10 3 11 19 2 2 6 4 13 9 0.5 12 17 2 0.5 7 3.5 12 7 0.5 12.5 10 2 8 4.5 9 4 10 9 2 9 3 8 4 10.5 8 1.5 10 2.5 7 3 10 5 1.5 11 2.5 4.6 4 10 3.6 i 12 3 3 3.6 8 1.5 i 13 2 2 3 8 1.5 i 14. 1.5 2 2.5 7 1 0.5 15 _ 1.5 1 3 6 0.5 16. _ 1 0.6 3 4.5 17 1 3 4.5 18 i 2.5 4 19 1 3 3 20 0.5 2.5 3 21 0.5 3 2 22 0.5 2 1.5 23 0.5 2 0.5 24 0.5 2 26 2 26 1 27 1 28 1 xi, c, 5 Copeland: Growth Phenomena of Dioscorea 235 In all of the pairs of plants tested, it happened only once that the plant in darkness showed a longer growing region than that in light ; in this case, the plant in light proved to have a surpris- ingly short growing region. It happened repeatedly in the course of these observations of paired plants that the plant in darkness showed greater total growth than the plant in light and yet showed a much shorter growing region, in some cases less than half as long. We have here, I believe, the whole of the immediate explanation of the conclusion of Professor Newcombe:3 Die ummittelbare Ursache des Verlustes des Windens ist der Verlust des einseitigen Wachstums im Stamme eine betrachtliche Entfernung riickwarts von der Spitze — bei den meisen der beobachteten Pflanzen mehrere Zenti- meter riickwarts von der Spitze. It is not merely that this zone on the stem loses the faculty of one-sided growth; the region that would execute the circum- nutating movement in light almost ceases to grotv at all in dark- ness or does actually cease entirely to elongate. In Pfeffer’s Physiology, volume II, page 13, I find the citation of a paper by Strehl said to show that the elongating region is longer in etio- lated than in normal stems. I have been unable to check this by reference to the original publication, which is a Leipzig doctor’s thesis of 1874. Without testing at all a variety of stems, I strongly suspect that the condition I have found in Dioscorea will turn out to be quite general. On the one hand, it can be harmonized easily with my old observation,0 that the turgor of etiolated stems is less than that of normal stems. The lower turgor in the zones which lie beneath that of rapid growth may well be associated with a cessation of growth prompter than would occur if the turgor were higher. On the other hand, the short elongating region of stems in darkness invites biological interpretation. It is an old and, I believe, generally accepted idea that the rapid elongation of etiolated or etiolating stems is a response to darkness that has been selected and fixed and is, therefore, inherited, because this rapid growth is likely, in nature, to result in the shoots’ reaching light sooner than they would do at the normal rate of growth or in reaching light from positions where the normal rate and manner of growth would result in exhaustion before light could be reached. The typical phenomena of etiolation are best shown s Op. cit., p. 523. 6 Ueber den Einfluss von Licht und Temperatur auf den Turgor. Halle (1895). 236 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 by seedlings, and in this work with Dioscorea I am working with stems analogous to the primary stems of seedling plants. The primary stem of seedlings most frequently finds itself in darkness because buried by the soil; rapid growth is nature’s method of bringing the shoot to the light before the exhaustion of its food store. If etiolation is an adaptive phenomenon, selected pri- marily because it preserved plants that germinated below the surface of the ground and enabled the growing point to reach and pass the surface, then a short growing region is just as natural a feature of this phenomenon as is rapid growth in length. The short growing region of the etiolated stem is explained then in a biological sense just as is the relatively short growing region of roots. A structure elongating where mechanical resistance is likely to be encountered has need to be short, as compared with the growing region of other structures, which elongate in the atmosphere and normally have no outside mechanical resistance to overcome. I have made no experiments with the change in length of growing region and manner of growth, when plants are taken from the light to the dark room. When plants are brought from the dark room and exposed to the light, the growing region be- comes longer. This lengthening of the elongating region (if I may use the same word twice together in different senses) consists in the retention of the power to elongate on the part of the zones that in darkness would cease to grow in length. This is easily tested by measuring the same zones for successive days. Under constant external and internal conditions, the length of the zones that cease to elongate during any day is naturally approximately equal to the increase in length on the same day. If a plant be brought from the dark room into the open labora- tory, it may happen that no zone ceases to grow during the next day or even two days; and in any case, the length of the region that ceases to grow is much less than the daily increment. Thus, in the case of Dioscorea hirsuta, May 23, plant No. 3 on the floor of the dark room was brought into the open laboratory. During the following day, it grew 6.8 centimeters and the region which ceased to grow was only 2.25 centimeters long. The increase in length of the elongating region continues until the normal length for a plant growing at the same rate in light is reached. This seems likely to be accomplished in about three days. The remeasurement of zones on successive days is a valuable test of the accuracy of one’s measurements and observations by these methods. It has just been suggested that if on successive days measurements are made of the distance between the same xi, c, 5 Copeland: Growth Phenomena of Dioscorea 237 marks, growth should cease each day at the back end of the growing region, in zones having a total length about equal to the day’s total growth. I noticed years ago, that published figures by as careful a worker as Sachs do not stand this test, but that, if one might judge from the figures, the total elongating region is much longer on the second day than it was on the first. Since noticing this, I have always made it my practice to check meas- urements occasionally by remeasurement after a second day. This kind of check is illustrated by the measurements on plant “Light Soil No. 1,” Dioscorea hirsuta No. 331, May 23-25, shown in Table VII. Table VII. — Growth of the same zones on successive days. [Dioscorea hirsuta , Light Soil No. 1, May 23-25.] Centimeter zone. Growth, first day. Growth, two days. Centimeter zone. Growth, first day. Growth, two days. mm. mm. mm. mm. I 5 14 6 6 2 8 15 5 5 3 12 16 4 4 12 17 _ 3 5 14 18. 2.5 13.5 6 15 19 __ 2 2 7 19 34 20 2 8 19 26 21 1.5 9 15 17 22 1 10 14 15 23 0.5 11 12 13 24 0.5 12 9 9 25 0.5 13... 8 8 26 i Analyzing these figures, it appears that the growing region the first day was 25 centimeters long. At the end of the second day, zone 11 extended 25.4 centimeters from the apex, and was the last zone that showed any increase in length. In other words, the figures checked in this case and the length of the growing region was unchanged. Many of the plants in darkness had a short apical portion rather sharply bent. This was usually not more than 1.5 centi- meters in length. Repeated observation showed that the move- ment of these apical segments was quite irregular, which agrees with Newcombe’s observations. The most remarkable behavior shown was that of occasional plants that kept the bent part at nearly the same angle and in the same direction, while the stem as a whole was growing. The movement of this apical part resulted sometimes in a twisting of the stem and at the other times did not do so. Dioscorea alata is a remarkably convenient subject for the observation of twisting. 238 T/ie Philippine Journal of Science 1916 While the growth farther from the apex, which would have produced nutation and twining, ceased in most plants in darkness, the length of growing region and the activity of zones somewhat remote from the apex did not change uniformly. If this region was especially active, nutation was possible very much as in light. In a number of stems in darkness, always especially vigorous specimens, there was an unmistakable movement, apparently in the distinctive form of normal nutation; and in a single case, Dioscore a aculeata No. 88, dark soil No. 3, the main stem being broken and replaced by a very vigorous branch, the latter, during the three days preceding May 16, wound three times around a stick of wood in a perfectly regular spiral. Growth is a complicated process. Defined as a change in form or size, it of course includes metabolic processes that find no expression in the definition. Environmental conditions that find an expression in growth may do so in a variety of ways, which have hitherto escaped adequate analysis. Aside from metabolism taking place in the region or structure that actually grows, the growth of higher plants is dependent in all cases upon changes taking place elsewhere in the plants. In the case of the yams, the growth of the distal part of the growing shoot depends upon the metabolic processes taking place in the food store, by which the food is made available for removal, and upon the transloca- tion of this food from the place of storage to the place of use. It has already been indicated that the rate of growth varies with the temperature. Aside from the effect of temperature exerted directly on the growing region, which effect may itself be subject to analysis, temperature may have an influence upon the preparation of the food for translocation or on the rate of translocation itself. For the analysis of the problem into three phases — metabolic processes in the food store, translocation, and processes in the growing region itself — Dioscorea is an especially suitable subject for study. The experiments that I have made along this line are no more than introductory. However, the question is an important one, and the methods are believed to be worthy of general use. For these reasons, the tentative and inclusive experiments already made are reported here. The investigation of the influence of temperature on the pro- cesses taking place in the food store was made by the very simple and obvious device of inserting a part of the tubers in ice water, and comparing the growth of the corresponding shoots with that of the shoots of plants, the whole of which were kept under ordinary laboratory conditions. The results of this experiment are recorded in Table VIII, showing the growth of plants of xi, c, 5 Copeland: Growth Phenomena of Dioscorea 239 Dioscorea hirsuta No. 331, of which 6a, 66, 9, and 10 had the tubers in* ice water, while the remaining plants were not so treated. The second horizontal line of growth figures shows the growth from May 26 at 5 o’clock in the afternoon to May 28 at 10 o’clock in the morning at which hour the ice water was applied. The remaining figures indicate the growth in milli- meters during the preceding time-interval. Table VIII. — Effect of cold on tubers of Dioscorea hirsuta No. 331. [Measurements are recorded in centimeters.] Growth of stem. Tuber No. - 2 a 26 3 4 a 46 5 6a® 66“ 6c 7 8 9a 10 « Length of shoot, May 28 .. 47 34 92 12a 6 82.3 87.1 71.9 68.8 28.9 40.5 54.9 70.2 50 Growth, from May 26 at 5 p. m. to May 28 at 10 a. m 14.0 12.0 25.6 17.2 14.7 27.9 16.4 15.2 3.5 18.8 23.8 28.1 12.6 Additional growth: May 28, at 11. 40 a. m_. 1.0 0.7 1.5 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.9 1.3 1.0 0.3 May 28, at 1.40 p. m __ 1.2 1.0 1.4 0.7 0.9 1.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 1.3 1.2 0.5 0.3 May 28, at 3. 40 p. m . . 1.1 1.0 1.4 0.7 1.0 1.0 0.4 0.4 0.1 1.0 1.4 0.6 0.3 May 28, at 5. 40 p. m __ 1.1 0.9 1.4 0.5 0.5 1.1 0.2 0.0 0.2 1.1 1.1 0.3 0.0 May 28, at 7. 40 p. m .. 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.3 0.6 1.0 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.8 1.1 0.2 0.1 May 29, at 7.40 a. m... 4.8 3.2 3.3 2.0 2.6 6.6 0.2 0.3 0.0 5.3 4.6 0.4 (*>) 14.3 11.1 16.1 9.7 10.2 16.2 0.4 0.6 0.1 13.9 0.6 May 31, at 6 p. m._. __ 22.6 18.7 24.1 18.3 16.8 21.3 6.0 8.4 0.3 25.0 6.9 June 6, at 11 a. m 70.4 80.7 83.4 62.9 40.2 48.9 54.1 79.9 28.1 — - 81.2 62.0 — Tubers in ice water. b Injured. As Table VIII shows, the effect of chilling the food store was shown with considerable promptness in the rate of growth, even when the growth was occurring at a distance of more than 1 meter. The figures near the bottom of the table show that, after the food stores were permitted to become warm, there was a prolonged after-effect of the chilling. However, this cannot have been due to any permanent injury, such as killing the food stores or many of their cells, for the ultimate growth was at about the same rate in all of the plants; and it occurred at about the same rate, whether or not the roots were immersed in water. To test the effect of cold upon the rate of translocation, double glass tubes, 20 centimeters in length, were prepared, the inner tube containing the stem and being so small that the stem nearly filled it, and the outer tube carrying a stream of water which ran from a can containing ice. As I set the experiment up, it was impossible to lower to below 8° the temperature of the water leaving the outer tube. The temperature in the inner tube was 143573 3 240 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 practically the same. At this temperature, there was no con- siderable checking of the rate of growth. When I ^succeeded in keeping the temperature constantly at 8°, growth seemed to be influenced slightly, but when it rose to 16°, growth was not appreciably different from that of the control stems at a tem- perature throughout of, say, 26°. Better arrangement of the experiment would of course effect temperature down nearly to the freezing point. To do this temporarily, I disjointed the outer tubes and fill them with shaved ice, and kept this up, renewing the ice constantly, for a period of two hours. The effect of this was to check the growth quite appreciably, and this effect continued, and finds expression in the growth during the twelve hours from 7.30 at night, May 28, to 7.30 the follow- ing morning. During the ensuing twenty-four hours, the plants which had been subject to local chilling grew faster than the control plants, which may be construed as merely showing that the effect of the treatment had been completely overcome. De- tails of this experiment are shown in Table IX. Table IX. — Effect of cold on stems of Dioscorea hirsuta. [Measurements of growth are recorded in centimeters.] Date. Tuber No. — Remarks. i 6 a 6 b 9 May 25-26. ........ 18.0 14.1 12.5 14.1 May 26-27 . . . . ... 20.6 13.2 14.6 14.9 May 27, 6 p. m., to May 28, 6.7 4.9 6.6 5.9 Cold water turned through 6 6 9 a. m. May 28: 9 a. m- .. . a 161.0 a 164. 3 a 128. 2 a 134. 0 and 9; temperature at 9. 20 a. m., 6° C. 11. 30 a. m 1.7 0.6 1.5 1.3 Room temperature at 10.30 a. m.. 1. 30 p. m 0.9 0.7 1.4 1.0 26° C. Water slowed at 12 m., temperature then, 8°. Temperature at 1 p. m: Room, 3. 30 p. m . .. 1.3 0.8 0.7 0.9 28°; 6 b, 16°: 9, 19°. Temperature at 3 p. m.: Room, 6. 30 p. m . . . 1.3 0.7 0.8 1.0 27°; 6 b and 9, 8°. At 3. 15 flow was checked in 9, temperature, 16°; corrected, dropped to 8°. Temperature at 4. 20: Room, 28°; 7. 30 p. m 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.6 6 b and 9 (outflow), 8°. Shaved ice put in place of cold May 29, 7. 80 a. m 4.6 2.3 1.1 2.1 water, 5. 30 to 7. 30; temperature then about 3°. Room temper- ature at 7. 30 was 27. 5°. May 30, 7.30 a. m — 8.9 8.1 10.6 11.5 May 31, 5 p. m . . .. 8.6 7.7 15.3 8.1 June 6, 10 a. m 31.6 21.9 65.3 46.8 * Total length at 9 a. m.. May 28. XI, C, 5 Copeland: Growth Phenomena of Dioscorea 241 SUMMARY 1. Previous observations, that a nutation of shoots of Dioscorea ceases in darkness, are in general correct. 2. Especially active stems may nutate and twine around a support in darkness. 3. Professor Newcombe’s observation that the failure to twine in darkness is due to changes a number of centimeters from the apex is correct. 4. The rate of growth of vigorous young shoots is but slightly, if at all, influenced by the illumination. 5. The elongating region is much shorter in darkness than in light. The part of the stem which executes the movements, in active nutation in light, almost, or quite, ceases to elongate in darkness, and it is for this reason, that twining ceases in darkness. 6. The short elongating region in etiolated shoots may be ex- plained biologically as a selected adaptation to the condition under which young shoots in nature are most likely to find themselves in darkness — this is, in the soil, where a long grow- ing region would be just as dangerous as the production of ample leaves. 7. The growing shoots of Dioscorea are excellent material for the analysis of the influence of temperature or other external conditions upon growth, into: A, effect on the growing region; B, effect on the metabolic processes, which make food available; and C, translocation of food to the growing region. Low temperatures, applied either to the food store, or to the stem through which the food must pass to the growing region, result in prompt checking of growth. 8. It is suggested that the blasting of the growing point and its replacement by a branch, which at first grows at a right angle to the axis from which it springs, is a selected phenomenon, by which the plant, the shoot of which is under unfavorable con- ditions, tests a wholly different line, instead of using itself up in one attempt to reach a place where conditions are good. ’ . The Philippine Journal of Science, C. Botany. Vol. XI, No. 5, September, 1916. RELIQUIAE ROBINSONIANAE By E. D. Merrill 1 (From the Botanical Section of the Biological Laboratory, Bureau of Science, Manila, P. /.) A critical investigation of Rumphius’s 2 “Herbarium Amboi- nense,” a pre-Linnean publication of preeminent importance and one of the classical works on Malayan botany, shows that about three hundred fifty binomials have been based wholly on its descriptions and figures since the establishment of the binomial system in 1753. As Rumphius’s descriptions, while often ample, are non-technical ; as the figures are not infrequently crude; as the arrangement of his material follows no definite system of classification; and as there is no extant botanical material representing the plants that he described and figured, the matter of properly interpreting numerous species that are typified by his descriptions and figures is a very complicated one, and is a subject that has not been given the attention that it warrants by modern botanists. In organizing the botanical work for the Philippine Govern- ment I was confronted with a similar problem in connection with the proper interpretation of the numerous species described by Blanco in his “Flora de Filipinas,” 3 species, like those based on Rumphius’s work, that are not represented by extant bo- tanical material. Field work in the Philippines with special reference to the data assigned by Blanco to the various species has enabled me definitely to determine the status of a very high percentage of them. In the Philippines, as in all other parts of the Indo-Malayan region, the systematic botanist is very frequently confronted with the problem of interpreting species based on forms figured and described by Rumphius. As the work on the Philippine 1 Associate professor of botany, University of the Philippines. 2 Rumpf, G. E. Herbarium Amboinense, plurimas complectens arbores, frutices, herbas, plantas terrestres et aquaticas, quae in Amboina et adjacen- tibus pereriuntur insulis, adcuratissime descriptas juxa earum formas cum diversis denominationibus, cultura, usu ac virtutibus, etc. Amsterdam, volumes 1 to 7 (Auctuarium) 1741-55. 3 Blanco M. Flora de Filipinas (1837) LXXVIll-f 1-887; ed. 2 (1845) LXIX + 1-619; ed. 3, 1 - 4 (1876-83). 243 244 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 flora progressed, it became increasingly evident that, in order to establish a stable basis of nomenclature for numerous Philippine species, a botanical exploration of Amboina was urgently needed. Plans for this proposed work were prepared in the latter part of 1912 and the early part of 1913, and the actual work of the botanical exploration of Amboina was assigned to the late Dr. C. B. Robinson, at that time assistant botanist in the Bureau of Science. Doctor Robinson left Manila on June 17, 1913, and proceeded to Amboina via Buitenzorg, Java. He arrived in Amboina July 15, 1913, and actively prosecuted his field work there until the day of his untimely death, December 5, 1913. On this day, while on a botanical trip, unaccompanied, he was murdered by some Boetonese men who had established a small settlement between Aerlo and Seri, about fifteen kilometers from the town of Amboina. An investigation of the case by the local authorities has definitely shown that Doctor Robinson’s death was wholly due to a local superstition.4 During the time that Doctor Robinson was in Amboina, and including a few species that he secured, enroute, at Boeleleng, Bali ; Baoe-baoe, Beoteon ; and Macassar, Celebes, he collected ap- proximately 1,750 numbers of plants, most of the numbers being represented by abundant duplicate material. The collections were approximately arranged in two groups by Doctor Robinson, during his stay in Amboina; first, those that could definitely or fairly definitely be referred to species described by Rumphius; and, second, those species that were not described by Rumphius. Of the first group there are approximately 600 numbers, and these have been arranged in a special series, Plantae Rumphianae Amboinenses, and will be distributed with special labels giving both the modern binomial and the Rumphian name and reference for each species. This material has been utilized in the prepara- tion of a special report in an attempt to interpret the species described in the Herbarium Amboinense, now practically com- pleted. The material arranged in the second group, Reliquiae Robinsonianae, that is, those species not described by Rumphius, is the basis of the present paper. As the work in Amboina was originally planned, it was our intention that Doctor Robinson should remain in the field for a period of about five months. As the work progressed, it became evident to him that he could not hope to solve any where near all the problems presented by the identification of the Rumphian * Merrill, E. D. Charles Budd Robinson, Jr. Philip. Journ. Sci. 9 (1914) Bob. 191-197. xi, c, 5 Merrill: Reliquiae Robinsonianae 245 species, and on the basis of data supplied by him, arrangments were made to extend his time in Amboina until the first of June, 1914, thus giving him nearly a year in the field. The work he actually accomplished in his four and one-half months in Amboina has been of inestimable value in determining the status of the numerous Rumphian species, but his collections would have been far more valuable had he been spared to complete his task. It was no part of my plan to work this Amboina material, for the final reports were to have been prepared for publication by Doctor Robinson. However, owing to the unforeseen and unfortunate ending of the Amboina exploration it has devolved upon me to complete the work that was made possible by the material and data secured by Doctor Robinson. The present contribution is not, and from its very nature cannot be considered, more than a mere contribution to our knowledge of the flora of Amboina. None of the numerous species described and figured by Rumphius are included. How- ever, under the circumstances associated with the untimely death of Doctor Robinson, it has been deemed expedient to compile an enumeration of the miscellaneous material included in his collections. While the enumeration is practically complete for higher plants represented in the Reliquiae Robinsonianae series, this statement does not hold true for the cellular crypto- gams. In the Reliquiae Robinsonianae series there are 1,142 numbers — nearly twice as many as in the Plantae Runvphianae Amboinenses. About 217 of these are fungi; 72 are mosses; 54, hepatics; and 14, algae. Owing to the unsettled conditions brought about by the present war, it has not been possible to include in the present paper more than an enumeration of the lichens among the cellular cryptogams. The manuscript report on the mosses, prepared by Doctor Brotherus, of Helsingfors, Finland, has been lost or destroyed in transit ; the hepatics have not been submitted to any specialist; the algae still remain unidentified; while the report on the fungi, which were placed in the hands of Doctor Sydow only after many difficulties had been overcome, and then only after the third attempt, has been retained either for publication in Europe or for transmission when conditions shall have again become normal. Likewise, in the present paper, the Pteridophytes have not been included, as these plants have already been enumerated by Captain C. R. W. K. van Alderwerelt van Rosenburgh.5 Reports on the Orchidaceae ‘ The Amboina Pteridophyta collected by C. B. Robinson. Philip. Journ. Sci. 11 (1916) Bot. 101-123, t. 5, 6. 246 The Philippine Journal of Science m6 and on the Rubiace ae are not available for publication at the present time. All the material of the Orchidaceae is in the hands of Doctor J. J. Smith, and of the Rubiaceae is in the hands of Dr. Th. Valeton for study. In the present enumeration the vast majority of the species included are those already described by the other authors. The percentage of novelties in the collection is small, as was to be expected from a small island that has been visited by so many botanists as Amboina, for Amboina is classical ground in Ma- layan botany. The work of most botanists and collectors in Amboina, however, has been confined for the most part to visits of from a few days to a few weeks, and it is apparent that a considerable amount of Amboinan botanical material still remains in various herbaria unidentified. A few new species have been proposed; namely, about twenty-three by myself in various groups, two species of Piper by M. C. de Candolle, and three species of lichens by Mr. G. K. Merrill. The collection has supplied material by which the status of several of Rox- burgh’s species, based on material originating in Amboina or in the Moluccas, and which were very imperfectly described, can definitely be determined, quite apart from the value of the specimens placed in the other series, Plantae Rumphianae Am- boinenses, in determining the status of the very numerous spe- cies based on Rumphius’s descriptions and figures. Like many other parts of the Malay Archipelago, the vegeta- tion of Amboina has been much changed since the time that Rumphius wrote his Herbarium Amboinense. It is evident that the forests were then much more extensive than they are to-day. As the population has increased, the virgin forest has been de- stroyed to make way for cultivated lands, and it is very probable that in Amboina, as certainly in the more densely populated Island of Java, species more or less common in Rumphius’s time, have since been exterminated or at least have become very rare and local. The virgin forest supports a type of vegetation en- tirely different from that of the settled areas and the second- growth forests, and as a rule, this type of forest, when once destroyed in the Malayan region, is never replaced by the same type of vegetation, or if replaced, the original species grow again only after the lapse of many years. As the present contribution is by no means a study of the flora of Amboina as a whole, it is hardly the place to discuss the characteristics or the relationships of the flora. It is very prob- able that eventually the island will present a very small endemic xi, c, 5 Merrill: Reliquiae Robinsonianae 247 flora, yet at the present time a fairly high percentage of species enumerated are known only from Amboina. Due to the proxim- ity of other islands, and to the backward state of our knowledge of the flora of the Moluccas as a group, it is only reasonable to expect that an intensive exploration of the neighboring islands will yield most of the species that are now known only from Amboina, The flora is, of course, a typical Malayan one. It contains some Australian types, but most of these are rare or at the best are nowhere dominant, quite as similar Australian types are found in the Philippines. Among these may be included Flin- dersia, Eucalyptus, Stackhousia, Schizomeria, and, perhaps, re- presentatives of a few other genera. Like other parts of the Moluccas, Celebes, and New Guinea, the Amboina flora presents a striking similarity to that of the Philippines, not only in its species, but also in its genera. In one of Doctor Robinson’s letters, he mentions the fact that so far as the general type of the vegetation was concerned, and for that matter most of the genera and very many of the species encountered, he might as well be in the Philippines as in Amboina. In the course of the study of this material a number of species have been detected that were previously reported only from the Philippines, among these being Thoracostachyum lucbanense Kukenth., Abelmoschus mindanaensis Warb., Gyrinopsis brachyantha Merr., Dysoxylum euphlebium Merr., Polypodiuui merrillii Copel., Litsea perrottetii F.-Vill., Hypoestes laxiflora Nees, Pratia ovata Elm., Erycibe lateriflora Elm., and Aglaia multifoliola Merr. The Amboina species Callicarpa pentandra Roxb. proves to be indentical with Geunsia hookeri Merr., of the Philippines, and Roxburgh’s specific name is hence adopted. Polygala polifolia Presl, previously known only from Luzon, the Caroline Islands, and New Guinea, appears in our Amboina collections, as do Clerodendron macros- tegium Schauer, previously known only from the Philippines and Ceram, and Stackhousia intermedia Bailey var. philippinensis Pamp., a characteristic Australian type, previously known from Luzon and Guimaras in the Philippines, Yap, in the Carolines, and the only known representative of the family north of Australia. The discovery of a representative of the genus Gyrinopsis in Amboina, the genus otherwise known only from the Philippines, adds another name to the already long list of genera that are known only from the Philippines and the islands to the south and southeast of the group, including : Cubilia, Gyrinopsis, Sararanga, 248 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 Microlaena, Ascarina, Phrygilanthus, Spiraeopsis, Clianthus, Wallaceodendron, Koordersiodendron, Reinwardtiodendron, Stro- phioblachia, Neotrewia, Oncocarpus, Pleiogynium, Tristira, Osbornia , Anompanax, Lepiniopsis, Dedea, Dolicholobium, Euca- lyptus, Pimelea, Euphorianthus, Vavaea (also in Java), Xanthos- temon, Schuurmansia, Ganophyllum, Uncinia, Normanbya, Pothoidium, Macropsychanthus, Tetraplasandra (also in Hawaii) , Couthovia, Nycticalos, Calogyne (also in southern China), Phacelophrynium, and Paralstonia, Here we have a list of nearly forty genera, many of them monotypic, and very few that contain numerous species, confined to the Philippines and to the islands to the south and southeast. No list at all approach- ing this can be compiled for the Philippines and the islands to the west and southwest, or the Sunda Islands proper, including also the Malay Peninsula. A similar list of genera confined to this area would include practically only Eusuderoxylon, Philbornea, Koompassia, Kunstleria, Clemensia, Polytrema, Hallieracantha, Monophyllea, and Adinabotrys ( Whitfordioden - dron) . As to the limited distribution of species, the special distribu- tion between the Philippines and the islands to the south and southeast is strongly developed, in close correspondence with the special generic relationships, while that with the islands to the west and southwest is correspondingly weak. So far as deductions can be drawn on the basis of our present knowledge of the Philippine and Malayan floras, the evidence preponderat- ing^ points to a closer connection between the Philippines and the regions to the south and southeast than with the islands to the west and southwest of the Archipelago. At any rate, the evidences of floristic relationships between the Philippines and Celebes and the Moluccas is so great that the systematist working on the flora of either area should give special attention to the species already described from the other area in working up his material. In connection with the present enumeration of Amboina plants included in the series Reliquiae Robinsonianae, I am indebted to Doctor 0. Beccari, Florence, Italy, for the determination of the palms; to M. C. de Candolle, Geneva, Switzerland, for the treat- ment of the genus Piper; to Doctor Th. Valeton, Buitenzorg, Java, for the treatment of the Marantaceae; to J. Sykes Gamble Esq., East Liss, Hants, England, for assistance in determining the identity of the single bamboo enumerated, and to Mr. G. K. Merrill, Rockland, Maine, U. S. A., for the consideration of the lichens. xi, c, 5 Merrill: Reliquiae Robinsonianae 249 The present paper, as noted above, is based on the material that cannot definitely be referred to any of the forms figured or described by Rumphius. The most important results of the work of Doctor Robinson in Amboina are to be included in the general report on the species of the Herbarium Amboinense, to be issued in the near future under the title : “An Interpretation of the Herbarium Amboinense.” In closing this introductory statement I would call attention to the fact that through the interest of Doctor J. C. Konings- berger, director of the Botanical Garden, Buitenzorg, Java, Doc- tor Robinson’s work in Amboina was greatly facilitated by the detail of a native assistant from Buitenzorg, the mantri Mard- joeki, to aid him in the collection and preparation of material. The work done by Doctor Robinson in Amboina was in a way cooperative between the Bureau of Science on the one hand, and the Botanical Garden at Buitenzorg, Java, on the other. It is hope that the work accomplished will be to the mutual benefit of both institutions, as well to botanists and other botanical institutions in the world at large. ENUMERATION OF THE SPECIES ALGAE This group is rather poorly represented in Doctor Robinson’s Amboina collection, 14 numbers being included in the series Reliquiae Robinsoniayiae, all, or nearly all, marine forms. No report on this material is available for publication. FUNGI There are about 217 numbers of fungi included in the series Reliquiae Robinsonianae, for the most part minute parasitic forms. This material has been placed in the hands of Doctor Sydow for study, but owing to the exigencies of the present European war, no report is available for publi- cation at this time. LICHENES (By G. K. Merrill) M ICROTH ELIA (Koerb.) Massalongo M ICROTH ELIA GREGARIA G. K. Merr. sp. nov. Thallus subcortical, effuse, fulvo-fuscous ; apothecia collected in trypethelioid stromas, blackish and of irregular shape; peri- thecia immersed, the black ostiole with a surrounding area of whitish tissue only visible, entire ; spores 8, fuscous or decolorate, bilocular, one cell cuneate, the other rounded, 22 to 25 by 8 to 11 p. ; asci ventricose; paraphyses distinct, filiform. Amboina, Lateri, Rel. Robins. 2435, on branches of Eugenia, altitude 200 meters, August 25, 1913. 250 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 PYRENULA (Ach.) Massalongo PYRENULA MARGINATA (Hook.) Mull. Amboina, Batoe merah River and Hoetoemoeri road, Rel. Robins. 2410, 2413, on living and dead tree trunks, altitude about 200 meters, September, 1913. PYRENULA NITIDA (Weig.) Ach. Amboina, Hitoe lama, Rel. Robins. 2426, on trunks of living trees, altitude 200 meters, October, 1913. PYRENULA SEXLOCU LARIS (Nyl.) Mull. Amboina, Mahija, Rel. Robins. 2416, on trunks of living trees, altitude about 200 meters, August, 1913. PHYLLOPORINA Muller PHYLLOPORINA (STEGESTRIN ULA) OCTOMERA Mull. Amboina, Hitoe messen and Way uri, Rel. Robins. 2418 p. p., 2430, 2444 p. p. On leaves of various trees at low and medium altitudes. PHYLLOPORINA (STEGEDIASTRUM ) M ULTI PUNCTATA G. K. Merr. sp. nov. Thallus rounded, or difform by the confluence of several indi- viduals, effuse, filmy, nebulous at the circumference, lead or ashy-lead in color; perithecia numerous, minute, hemispheric- conoid, ostiole very minute, dimidiate ; spores 4- to 6-locular, fusi- form, 15 to 17 by 4 to 4.5 p,; paraphyses distinct, lax, filiform; asci clavate-cylindric. Epiphyllous and associated with Phyllo- sporina octomera. Amboina, Hitoe messen, Rel. Robins. 2418 p. p., associated with P. octo- mera Mull. On leaves of trees, altitude about 150 meters. STRIGULA E. Fries STRIGULA ELEGANS Fee. Amboina, Ayer putri, Rel. Robins. 2195, on leaves of trees at low altitudes, July, 1913. STRIGULA FEEI Mont. Celebes, Macassar, Rel. Robins. 2473, on leaves of Mangifera indica, July 11, 1913. STRIGULA COMPLANATA var. Cl LI AT A (Mont.) Mull. Amboina, Kati-kati, Rel. Robins. 2411, on leaves of Heritiera litoralis, October, 1913. ARTHRONIA (Ach.) A. Zahlbruckner ARTHRONIA ROBINSONII G. K. Merr. sp. nov. Parasitic on the thallus of Phyllosporina ( Stegestrinula ) octo- mera MUll. Apothecia rounded or difform-rounded, black, plane or slightly convex, scabrous ; spores 8, oblong-ellipsoid, 10- to 12- Merrill: Reliquiae Robinsonianae XI, C, 5 251 locular, 34 to 36 by 9 to 11 g, colorless; asci saccate; paraphyses deficient. Epiphyllous. Amboina, town of Amboina, Rel. Robins. 2414, on leaves of Garcinia mangostana, July 17, 1913. BIATOR INOPS IS Muller BIATOR INOPS IS FOLIICOLA (Kremp.) Mull. Amboina, Rel. Robins. 2442 p. p., associated with Lopadium epiphyllum Mont, on leaves of Agathis alba. COENOGON I U M Ehrenberg COENOGONIUM INTERPLEXUM Nyl. Amboina, Hitoe messen, Rel. Robins. 2434, 2438(, on trees, altitude about 300 meters, October, 1913. LOPADIUM Koerber LOPADIUM EPIPHYLLUM Miill. Amboina, ReU Robins. 2442 p. p., associated with Biatorinopsis foliicola Mull, on leaves of Agathis alba. Celebes, Macassar, Rel. Robins. 2474, on leaves of Cit?’us decnmana. LEPTOGI U M (Ach.) A. Gray LEPTOGIUM PHYLLOCARPUM var. DAEDALEUM (Flot.) Nyl. Amboina, Roemah tiga, Rel. Robins. 2440, on trees at low altitudes, July 20, 1913. LEPTOGIUM TREM ELLOIDES var. AZUREUM Nyl. Amboina, Kati-kati, Rel. Robins. 2427, on trunks of coconut palms at low altitudes, October 6, 1913. PANNARIA Delise PANNARI A PANNOSA (Sw.) Del. Amboina, Kati-kati and Way uri, Rel. Robins. 2443, 2444, p. P- , on trunks of coconut palms and on leaves of Eugenia, September and October, 1913. PANNARIA FULVESCENS (Mont.) Nyl. Amboina, Roemah tiga, Rel. Robins. 2423, on trunks of trees, August, 1913. COCCOCARPI A Persoon COCCOCARPI A Cl LIOLAT A Mont. Amboina, Soja, Roemah tiga, and town of Amboina, Rel. Robins. 2417, 2436, 1237, on trunks of trees at low altitudes. COCCOCARPI A HOMALANTHA Nyl. Amboina, Amahoesoe and Lateri, Rel. Robins. 2406, 2421, September, 1913, on living and dead branches of trees. 252 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 COCCOCARPI A PELLITA (Ach.) Mull. Amboina, Kati-kati, Rel. Robins. 2424, 2428, on branches of Timonius sericeus at low altitudes. FARM ELIA De Notaris PARM ELIA SULPHURATA Nees & Flot. Amboina, near the town of Amboina, Rel. Robins. 2422, on tree trunks near the seashore, October 8, 1913. PYXINE Nylander PYXINE COCOES (Sw.) Nyl. Amboina, Kati-kati, Rel. Robins. 2432, 2446, on trunks of Cocos nucifera, October 6, 1913. HEPATICAE There are about 54 numbers of Hepaticae in the series Reliquiae Robin- sonianae. It has been impossible to secure a report on this material from any specialist, and accordingly no attempt has here been made to enumerate the various species. MUSCI The mosses are represented in the Reliquiae Robinsonianae by about 72 numbers. A report on this material, prepared by Doctor Brotherus, for- warded in December, 1915, failed to reach me and has apparently been lost or destroyed in transit. PTERIDOPH YTA The Pteridophyta of Doctor Robinson’s collection have already been considered in a separate paper by Captain C. R. W. K. van Alderwerelt van Rosenburgh/ and those species apparently not described by Rumphius are accordingly not here enumerated. The groups represented in the collection are the Hymenophyllaceae, Cyatheaceae, Polypodiaceae, Matoniaceae, Glev- cheniaceae, Schizaeaceae, Marattiaceae, Ophioglossaceae, Lycopodiaceae, Sel- aginellaceae, and Psilotaceae. SPERM ATOPH YTA A. MONOCOTYLEDONS HYDROCHARITACEAE HYDRILLA Richard HYDRILLA VERTICILLATA (Linn, f.) Royle 111. (1839) 376. Serpicula verticillata Linn. f. Suppl. (1881) 416. Amboina, Batoe gadjah, Rel. Robins. 2000, November 8, 1913, in fresh water at low altitudes. Central Europe to Australia. ‘ The Amboina Pteridophyta collected by C. B. Robinson. Philip. Journ. Sci. 11 (1916) Bot. 101-123, t. 5, 6. xi, c, 5 Merrill: Reliquiae Robinsonianae 253 GRAMINEAE POLYTRI AS Hackel POLYTR I AS DIVERSI FLORA (Steud.) Nash in Torreya 5 (1905) 110. Andropogon diversiflorus Steud. in Zoll. Syst. Verz. (1854) 58. Andropogon amaurus Biise in Miq. PI. Jungh. (1854) 360. Pollinia praemorsa Nees in Steud. Syn. (1854) 409. Polytrias amaurea 0. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. 1 (1891) 788. Polytrias praemorsa Hack, in DC. Monog. Phan. 6 (1889) 189. Bali, Rel. Robins. 2531 , July 7, 1913. Malay Archipelago and Singapore; introduced into the Philippines and into the West Indies. POGONATHERUM Beauvois POGONATHERUM PANICEUM (Lam.) Hack, in Allg. Bot. Zeitschr. 12 (1906) 178. Saccharum paniceum Lam. Encycl. 1 (1791) 595, t. 40, f. 1. Pogonatherum saccharoideum Beauv. Agrost. (1812) 9, t. 11, /. 7. Amboina, Negri lama, Rel. Robins. 1652, September 8, 1913, on cliffs near streams, altitude 20 meters. India to Japan, southward through Malaya. ANDROPOGON Linnaeus ANDROPOGON HALEPENSIS (Linn.) Brot. FI. Lusit. 1 (1804) 89, var. PROPINQUUS (Hack.) Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 336. Andropogon propinquus Kunth Enum. 1 (1833) 502. Amboina, Negri lama, Rel. Robins. 1642, September 8, 1913, in fields, altitude about 10 meters, locally known as tebu tebu. Ceylon, the Philippines, and the Moluccas (the variety) , the species of wide distribution. THYSANOLAENA Nees THYSANOLAENA MAXIMA (Roxb.) O. Ktze. Rev. Gen. PI. 1 (1891) 794. Agrostis maxima Roxb. FI. Ind. 1 (1820) 319. Thysanolaena agrostis Nees in Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 18 (1835) 180. Amboina, Negri lama, Rel. Robins. 1644, September 8, 1913, on cliffs near streams, locally known as bulu perampuan. India through Malaya to New Guinea PASPALUM Linnaeus PASPALUM SCROBICULATUM Linn. Mant. 1 (1767) 29. Amboina, Koeda mati, Rel. Robins. 1651, on margins of a small pond, September 3, 1913. Widely distributed in the tropics. PASPALUM CONJUGATUM Berg, in Act. Helvet. 7 (1772) 129, t. 8. Amboina, in a sago swamp near the town of Amboina, Rel. Robins. 1653, July 25, 1913. This species, originating in tropical America, has doubtless been intro- duced into Amboina since Rumphius’s time. Now in most tropical countries. 254 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 ISACHNE R. Brown 1SACHNE MILIACEA Roth Nov. PI. Sp. (1821) 58. Amboina, in wet places near the town of Amboina, Rel. Robins. 165 b, July 25, 1913. India to Malaya and Polynesia, reported also from South America. PANICUM Linnaeus PANICUM PIL1PES Nees & Arn. ex Biise in Miq. PI. Jungh. (1854) 376. Panicum hermaphroditum Steud. Syn. 1 (1854) 67. Amboina, Hatiwe, Rel. Robins. 16J>8, September 15, 1913. India to Madagascar, Malaya, tropical Australia, and Polynesia. PANICUM PATENS Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 86. Amboina, Kati-kati, in wet meadows, Rel. Robins. 16b0, October 19, 1913. Linnaeus, Mantissa 2 (1771) 232, adds to Panicum patens a reference to Panicum patens Burm., FI. Ind. (1768) 26, t. 10, f. 3, who in turn cites Rumph. Herb. Amb. 6, t. 5, f. 3. Panicum patens Burm., however, is a species entirely different from Panicum patens Linn.; Rumphius’s figure is Oplismenus compositus Beauv. India to southern China, Malaya, and Polynesia. OPLISMENUS Beauvois OPLISMENUS BURM AN N 1 1 (Retz.) Beauv. Agrost. (1812) 54. Panicum burmannii Retz. Obs. 3 (1783) 10. Amboina, Ayer putri, Rel. Robins. 16U5, July 29, 1913, in forests. Tropical Africa and Asia to Japan and Malaya. PENNISETUM Persoon PENNISETUM M ACROSTACHYU M Trin. in Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI 3" (1835) 177. Saccliarum caninum Reinw. in Blume Cat. Gew. Buitenz. (1823) 38, nomen nudum. Amboina, Hoenoet, on dry hills, Rel. Robins. 16b3, October 7, 1913. Luzon to Java, New Guinea, and Polynesia. SPOROBOLUS R. Brown SPOROBOLUS INDICUS (Linn.) R. Br. Prodr. (1810) 170. Agrostis indica Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 63. Amboina, Koesoe koesoe sereh, Rel. Robins. 1656, along roadsides. Tropics of the World. LEPTASPIS R. Brown LEPTASPIS URCEOLATA (Roxb.) R. Br. in Benn. PI. Jav. Rar. (1838— 52) 23, t. 6. Pharus urceolatus Roxb. FI. Ind. ed. 2, 3 (1832) 611. Amboina, Wae, Rel. Robins. 1655, November 26, 1913, in thin forests, altitude 10 to 20 meters. Malay Peninsula and Archipelago, the Philippines, and New Guinea. xi, c, 5 Merrill: Reliquiae Robinsonianae 255 GARN0T1A Brongniart GARNOTIA STRICTA Brongn. Bot. Duperry Voy. (1829) 132, t. 21. Amboina, Salahoetoe, Rel. Robins. 16^9, on rocks and on prostrate logs by streams, altitude 250 meters, November 27, 1913. India to the Philippines and Malaya, and the Hawaiian Islands. CHLORIS Swartz CHLORIS BARBATA Sw. FI. Ind. Occ. 1 (1797) 200. Amboina, Batoe merah, Rel. Robins. 16U7, August 5, 1913, along road- sides. A native of tropical America, probably introduced into Amboina since Rumphius’s time; now in all tropical countries. CENTOTHECA Desvaux CENTOTHECA LATI FOLIA (Osbeck) Trin. Fund. Agrost. (1820) 141. Holcus latifolius Osbeck, Dagbok Ostind. Resa (1757) 247. Cenchrus lappaceus Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 2 (1763) 1488. Centotheca lappacea Desv. in Nuov. Bull. Soc. Philomath. 2 (1810) 189. Centotheca malabarica Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 385, non Poa malabarica Linn. Amboina, Negri lama, Soja, and near the town of Amboina, Rel. Robins. 161>6, July, August, and September, 1913. Tropical Africa and Asia through Malaya to Australia and Polynesia. ERAGROSTIS Host ERAGROSTIS UNIOLOIDES (Retz.) Nees ex Steud. Norn. ed. 2, 2 (1840) 364. Poa unioloides Retz. Obs. 5 (1789) 19. Eragrostis amabilis Wight & Arn. in Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. (1841) 251, excl. syn. Linn. Amboina, Koesoe koesoe sereh, Rel. Robins. 1650, August 12, 1913, along roads. Tropical Africa, Asia, and Malaya, introduced into Florida. BAM B USA Schreber BAMBUSA GLAUCESCENS (Willd.) Sieb. ex Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. 26 (1868) 89, in syn.; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 7 (1912) Bot. 230. Ludolphia glaucescens Willd. in Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berl. Mag. 2 (1808) 320. Bambusa nana Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 25, FI. Ind. ed. 2, 2 (1832) 199. Amboina, Koeda mati, Rel. Robins. 1605, September 3, 1913, introduced and probably cultivated but left to grow naturally. Locally known as buhi china. 143573- 256 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 CYPERACEAE KYLLINGA Rottboell KYLLINGA BREVI FOLIA Rottb. Descr. et Ic. PI. (1773) 13, t. U, /• 3. Amboina, near the town of Amboina, Rel. Robins. 1897, July 25, 1913, in a meadow, associated with Kyllinga monocephala Rottb. All warm countries. PYCREUS Beauvois PYCREUS NITENS (Vahl) Nees in Linnaea 7 (1834) 283; Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. 19 (1843) Suppl. 1:53. Cyperus nitens Vahl Enum. 2 (1806) 331. Cyperus pumilus Linn. Cent. PI. 2 (1755) 6, Amoen. Acad. 4 (1759) 302, non Pycreus pumilus Nees. Amboina, Koesoekoesoe sereh, Rel. Robins. 1891, August 12, 1913, along roadsides, altitude about 250 meters. Warmer parts of the Old World. CYPERUS Linnaeus CYPERUS COMPRESSUS Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 46. Amboina, near the town of Amboina along sandy beaches, Rel. Robins. 1896, August 22, 1913. Tropics of both hemispheres. CYPERUS HASPAN Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 45. Amboina, in meadows, near the town of Amboina, Rel. Robins. 1898, August 20, 1913. Tropics of both hemispheres. CYPERUS ZOLLINGERI Steud. Syn. PI. Cyp. (1855) 17. Amboina, Soja road, Rel. Robins. 1888, August 1, 1913, altitude 50 meters; along roadsides. Tropical Africa and Asia to Queensland. TORULINIUM Desvaux TORULINIUM FERAX (L. C. Rich.) Ham. Prodr. PI. Ind. Occ. (1825) 15 ( ferox ). Cyperus ferax L. C. Rich, in Act. Soc/Hist. Nat. Paris 1 (1792) 106. Mariscus ferax C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 6 (1893) 624. Torulinium confertum Desv. in Ham. Prodr. PI. Ind. Occ. (1825) 15. Amboina, near the town of Amboina, in wet places, Rel. Robins. 1893, August 20, 1913. All warm countries. FI M BRISTYLIS Vahl FI M BRISTYLIS ANNUA (All.) R. & S. Syst. 2 (1817) 95. Scirpus annuus All. FI. Pedem. 2 (1785) 277. Fimbristylis diphylla Vahl Enum. 2 (1806) 289. Three forms of this polymorphous species occur in the collection from Amboina, Batoe merah, Rel. Robins. 1902; Soja road, Rel. Robins. 1901; and Koeda mati, Rel. Robins. 1900, all collected in August and September. All warm countries. xi, c, 5 Merrill: Reliquiae Robinsonianae 257 FIMBRISTYLIS FUSCA (Nees) Benth. ex C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 6 (1893) 649. Abildgaardia fusca Nees in Wight Contrib. (1834) 95. Amboina, Soja road, Rel. Robins, 1887, August 1, 1913, on grassy hill- sides, altitude about 200 meters. India to China and Malaya. FIMBRISTYLIS MILIACEA (Burm.) Vahl Enum. 2 (1806) 287. Scirpus miliaceus Burm. FI. Ind. (1768) 22, t. 9, f. 2. Amboina, Hoenoet, Rel. Robins. 1894, October 18, 1913, in grasslands, altitude about 150 meters. Hasskarl, Neue Schliissel (1866) 151, has suggested that Gramen bufo- nium Rumph., Herb. Amb. 6:4, is Fimbristylis miliacea Vahl. Tropics of the World. SCIRPUS Linnaeus SCIRPUS ERECTUS Poir. in Lam. Encycl. 6 (1804) 761. Celebes, Macassar, Rel. Robins. 2453, July 11, 1913. Widely distributed in both hemispheres. LIPOCARPHA R. Brown LIPOCARPHA MICROCEPHALA (R. Br.) Kunth Enum. 2 (1837) 268. Hypaelyptum microcephalum R. Br. Prodr. (1810) 220. Amboina, Paso and Koesoekoesoe sereh, Rel. Robins. 1890, August and September, 1913, roadsides. Malay Peninsula to Australia. RYNCHOSPORA Vahl RYNCHOSPORA RUBRA (Lour.) Makino in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 17 (1903) 180. Schoenus ruber Lour. FI. Cochinch. (1790) 41. Ryncliospora ivallichiana Kunth Enum. 2 (1837) 289. Amboina, Soja road, Rel. Robins. 1899, August 1, 1913, on grassy hill- sides, altitude about 100 meters. Tropical Africa and Asia to Japan, southward through Malaya to Australia. BAUMEA Gaudichaud BAUMEA GLOMERATA Gaudich. in Freyc. Voy. Bot. (1826) 416, t. 29. Cladium globiceps C. B. Clarke in Kew Bull. Add. Ser. 8 (1908) 46. Amboina, Amahoesoe, Rel. Robins, 1895, on steep banks, altitude about 80 meters. I am not sure that the identification of this specimen with Baumea glo- meratet, Gaudich. is correct, as I have not access to the original description and figure, while the description given by other authors is very short and imperfect. The type, however, was from the Moluccas. The specimen very closely resembles a series of allied forms that have been described as Baumea deplanchei Boeckl., of New Caledonia; Cladium colpoides Laut., of New Guinea; Cladium sinuatum Ridl., of New Guinea; Cladium juncoides Elm., of the Philippines; and Cladium gaudichaudii W. F. Wight of the Caroline Islands. 258 Th, e Philippine Journal of Science 1916 VINCENTIA Gaudichaud VINCENTIA ROBINSONII sp. nov. Dense caespitosa, glabra, usque ad 1 m alta ; f oliis equitantibus, coriaceis, glabris, 1 ad 1.5 cm latis, obscure acuminatis; in- florescentiis longe pedunculatis, paniculatis, paniculis circiter 30 cm longis, spiculis omnibus sessilibus, fasciculatis, brunneis, circiter 5 mm longis, filamentis longe exsertis, usque ad 2.5 cm longis. A densely tufted, perennial, glabrous plant, reaching a height of at least 1 m, the roots stiff, fibrous, the leaves equitant, more or less crowded in the lower 10 cm, up to 90 cm in length, 1 to 1.5 cm wide, straight, coriaceous, smooth, gradually nar- rowed upward to the obscurely acuminate apex, pale and shining when dry. Inflorescence apparently about as long as the leaves, the peduncle compressed, bearing a few, distant leaves smaller than the basal leaves, the uppermost one bract- like and about 5 cm long. Panicles brown, about 30 cm long, the lower two branches from the axil of the uppermost reduced leaves distant from the others, slender, up to 20 cm in length, somewhat flexuous, perhaps somewhat nodding, the branchlets subtended by a sheathing bract. Spikelets sessile on the ul- timate branchlets, usually three in a group, brown, about 5 mm long. Empty glumes two, oblong-ovate to ovate, some- what keeled, about 3 mm long, rather abruptly and slenderly acuminate. Flowering glumes two, rarely three, 4 to 4.5 mm long. Ovary narrowly ovoid, glabrous, narrowed upward, smooth, 3-angled; style, including the three, slender, 2 mm long arms, 5 mm in length. Stamens 3, the filaments very slender, 2 to 2.5 cm long. Upper two or three glumes empty. Amboina, Salahoetoe, Rel. Robins. 1892, November 27, 1913, terrestrial on open hillsides, most abundant at an altitude of about 900 meters. In aspect this species much resembles Vincentia malesiaca Stapf (Cla- dium latifolium Merr.), but it is at once distinguished by its very long and slender filaments, these the most striking character of the present species. For a consideration of the genera Baumea and Vincentia in rela- tion to Cladium, see Stapf in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 42 (1914) 178, 179. THORACOSTACHYUM Kurz THORACOSTACH YU M LUCBAN ENSE (Elm.) Kiikenth. in herb. comb, nov. Mapania lucbanensis Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot'. 2 (1909) 573. Amboina, Hitoe messen, Rel. Robins. 1889, October 18, 1913, in forests, altitude about 250 meters. Previously known only from Luzon. The Amboina specimen has im- mature spikelets, but agrees in all essential details with our full series xi, c, 5 Merrill: Reliquiae Robinsonianae 259 of specimens from Luzon. The leaves are slightly narrower than in the Luzon plant. DiPLACRUM R. Brown DIPLACRUM CARICIN UM R. Br. Prodr. (1810) 241. Amboina, Kati-kati, Rel. Robins. 1886, October 5, 1913, in clearings, altitude about 80 meters. India to southern China, through Malaya to Queensland. PALMAE GRONOPHYLLUM Scheffer GRONOPHYLLUM M1CROCARPUM Scheff. in Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 1 (1876) 153. Amboina, Wae, Rel. Robins. 1610, 1611, in light forests, altitude about 20 meters, locally known as waylilin. The specimens were determined by Dr. O. Beccari. The type of the species was from Ceram Island. DAEMONOROPS Blume DAEMONOROPS sp. Amboina, Salahoetoe, Rel. Robins. 1613, 1612, November 27, 1913, on rather open slopes, altitude 850 to 900 meters. Doctor Beccari has reported this as a distinct new species, but no diag- nosis of it is at present available for publication. COMMELINACEAE AN El LEM A R. Brown ANEiLEMA M ALA BAR ICU M (Linn.) Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 7 (1912) Bot. 232. Tradescantia malabarica Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 2 (1762) 412. Commelina nudicaulis Burm. FI. Ind. (1768) 17, t. 8, f. 1. Commelina nudiflorum Linn. Mant. 1 (1767) 177. Aneilema nudiflorum R. Br. Prodr. (1810) 271. Amboina, Paso, Koeda mati, and Soja, Rel. Robins. 1829, 1830, August to November, 1913, in waste places, fallow ground, on clay banks, etc., altitude sea level to 250 meters. India to southern China and Malaya. FORRESTIA Lesson FORREST1A HISPIDA Lesson & A. Rich. Sert. Astrolab. (1832) 2, t. 1. Amboina, Soja and Way tommo, Rel. Robins. 1831, August, 1913, on river banks and in forests, altitude 80 to 400 meters. In various forms from Formosa to Sumatra and New Guinea. POLLIA Thunberg POLLIA SORZOGON ENSIS (E. Mey.) Steud. Nomen. ed. 2, 2 (1840) 368. Aclisia sorzogonensis E. Mey. in Presl Rel. Haenk. 1 (1827) 138, t. 25. Amboina, Koesoekoesoe sereh, Rel. Robins. 1828, August, 23, 1913; Paso, Rel. Robins. 1827, September 9, 1913, in meadows at low altitudes. India to the Philippines, through Malaya to the Moluccas. 260 77te Philippine Journal of Science ms LILIACEAE SM1LAX Linnaeus SMI LAX sp. ? Amboina, Hitoe messen, Rel. Robins. 2008, October 13, 1913, in forests, altitude about 150 meters. Possibly a species of Heterosmilax, but the flowers are unknown. The species is a very characteristic one, unarmed, with solitary umbels of comparatively large fruits which are blue and fleshy when fresh, globose, about 1.5 cm in diameter when dry, and shining. The prominently reti- culate, 5-nerved leaves are 13 to 30 cm long, 5 to 16 cm wide. IRIDACEAE BELAMCANDA Adanson BELAMCANDA CHINENSIS (Linn.) DC. in Red. Lil. (1807) t. 121. Ixia chinensis Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 36. Belamcanda punctata Moench Meth. (1794) 529. Amboina, Liang, Rel. Robins, 2001, November 29, 1913, along roadsides at low altitudes. A native of China, now widely distributed in cultivation; in Amboina apparently an escape from cultivation. BURMANNIACEAE BURMANNIA Linnaeus BURMANNIA LONGI FOLIA Becc. Malesia 1 (1878) 244. Amboina, Salahoetoe, Rel. Robins. 181^9, November 27, 1913, terrestrial, altitude from 200 to 700 meters and above. Malay Peninsula (Selangor), Borneo, Mindoro, Negros, Mindanao, Am- boina, and New Guinea. MARANTACEAE (By Th. Valeton) PHRYNIUM Willdenow PHRYNIUM CAPITATUM Willd. Sp. PI. 1 (1797) 17. Amboina, Way uri, Rel. Robins. 2035, September 9, 1913, near streams, altitude about 50 meters, locally known as pohon rit. The specimen is in fruit only, but is possibly referable to this species although Willdenow’s species is otherwise not known from the eastern part of the Archipelago. India to southern China, the Philippines, Su- matra, and Java. B. DICOTYLEDONS PIPERACEAE (By C. DeCandolle) PIPER Linnaeus PIPER GELALAE C. DC. sp. nov. Ramulis dense villosis ; f oliis breviter petiolatis, limbo oblongo- ovato basi aequilatera utrinque acuto apice acuminato utrinque xi, c, 5 Merrill: Reliquiae Robinsonianae 261 villoso, 5-plinervio nervo centrali nervum utrinque adscenden- tem opposite ex 5-7 cm supra basin mittente, nervo laterali adscendente utrinque a basi soluto, petiolo villoso basi ima vaginante; pedunculo villoso petiolum superante, spica subflo- rente quam limbi dimidium breviore tenui, rhachi dense hirsuta, bracteae glabrae pelta rotunda centre pedicellata, staminibus 2, antheris subreniformibus 4-valvatis. Dioicum, 1.5 m altum. Ramuli spiciferi 1 mm crassi, col- lenchyma in fasciculos discretos a latere productos dispositum et haud libriforme, fasciculi intramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenus nullus. Limbi in sicco membranacei minute et incon- spicue pellucido-punctulati, usque ad 12 cm longi et 4 cm lati. Petioli 5 mm, pedunculi 10 mm longi. Spica subflorens 3.3 cm longa, in vivo flava, bracteae pelta 0.5 mm diam. Amboina, Gelala, Rel. Robins. 1606, July 16, 1913, in light forests along roadsides, altitude about 5 meters, locally known as sirioetan and siriboea lakilaki. PIPER NUDIRAMUM C. DC. sp. nov. Ramulis glabris; foliis modice petiolatis glabris, limbo rotun- dato-ovato basi rotundato vel repando-rotundato apice breviter acuminato, nervo centrali nervos arcuatim adscendentes utrin- que 4 mittente quorum supremus a 2 cm supra basin solutus et infimus tenuissimus, petiolo fere usque ad limbum vaginante; stirpis fern, pedunculo glabro petiolum fere aequante, spica limbi dimidium paullo superante, bracteae pelta orbiculari centro pedicellata, ovariis arete condensis ovatis glabris, stigmatibus 3 minutis. Dioicum, ramuli striolati in sicco flavicantes, spiciferi circiter 2 mm crassi, collenchyma subcontinuum libriforme, fasiciculi in- tramedullares 1-seriati, canalis lysigenus centralis pluresque pe- ripherici. Limbi in sicco tenuiter membranacei minutissime pellucido-punticulati, circiter 13.5 cm longi et 10.5 cm lati. Pe- tioli fere 2.5 cm longi. Spica florens circiter 3.5 mm crassa, stigmata sessilia. Species P. austrocaledonici proxima, foliorum nervatione ac consistancia ob illo descrepans. Amboina, Itu, Warburg 17652, h. reg. Berol. ULMACEAE CELT IS Tournefort CELTIS PANICULATA (Endl.) Planch, in Ann. Sci. Nat. Ill 10 (1848) 305. Solenostigma paniculatum Endl. Prodr. FI. Norfolk. (1833) 42. Amboina, Liang, Rel. Robins. 1795, November 29, 1913, altitude about 15 meters, locally known as wawakar. 262 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 The identification of the Amboina specimen has been made wholly from the description, and is, accordingly not certainly correct. If not Celtis paniculata Planch., then it represents a very closely allied form. The cymes, in fruit, are shorter than the petioles, and the leaves are notably dark colored when dry. Timor laut and New Guinea to Queensland, New Caledonia, and Tahiti. G I RON N I ERA Gaudichaud Gi RON N 1 ERA AM BOIN ENSIS Lauterb. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 50 (1913) 326. Amboina, Hoetoemoeri road, Rel. Robins. 1 79U, September 30, 1913, locally known as umian utan. A species known only from Amboina, considered by Lauterbach to be closely allied to Gironniera rhamnifolia Blume. The material I have placed under G. amboinensis Lauterb. rather strongly resembles Gironniera subae- qualis Planch. TREMA Loureiro TREMA OR I ENTALIS (Linn.) Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 2 (1856) 62. Celtis orientalis Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 1044. Amboina, Amahoesoe, Rel. Robins. 1763, August 13, 1913, on limestone hills at an altitude of about 40 meters, locally known as rufu. Himalayan region to Formosa southward to Queensland, with varieties extending to Polynesia and Hawaii. Doubtless this was included by Rumphius in his general conception of Cortex piscatorium, but his description and figure do not apply to this common and well-known form, but to T. virgata Blume. MORACEAE FATOUA Gaudichaud FATOUA PILOSA Gaudich. Bot. Freyc. Voy. (1826) 509. Urtica japonica Thunb. FI. Jap. (1784) 70, non Linn. f. Fatoua japonica Blume Mus. Bot. 2 (1861) t. 38. Boeton, Rel. Robins. 2502, July 13, 1913. Eastern Asia, Malaya, and Polynesia. MALA1SIA Blanco MALAISIA sp.? Amboina, Soja, Rel. Robins. 1691, October 24, 1913, in light woods, alti- tude about 375 meters. Doctor Robinson describes this as a small tree about 4 m high, but the specimens look as if they were from a scandent shrub. If a Malaisia, then the specimens certainly represent an undescribed species. Unfortun- ately, however, our material presents only matured infructescences, and in the absence of flowers its generic position cannot be determined with certainty. The mature receptacle, when fresh, is yellow, succulent, and the carpels are nearly black. xi, c, 5 Merrill: Reliquiae Robinsonianae 263 FICUS Linnaeus FICUS MYRIOCARPA Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 230. Amboina, Nontetoe, and Negri lama, Rel. Robins. 1687, 1688, July and September, 1913, along small streams, at low altitudes, locally known as tulan babi. A most characteristic species, known only from Amboina. FICUS VILLOSA Blume Bijdr. (1825) 441. Amboina, Way tommo, Rel. Robins. 1677, August 17, 1913, climbing on Ficus trees, altitude 45 meters, locally known as tali mera. Malay Peninsula and Archipelago to the Philippines. FICUS CONGESTA Roxb. FI. Ind. ed. 2, 3 (1832) 560. Amboina, Negri lama, Rel. Robins. 1690, in light forests, altitude about 20 meters, locally known as gohi batu. A species manifestly closely allied to the Philippine Ficus nota (Blanco) Merr. It was originally described from Amboina specimens cultivated in the botanic garden at Calcutta. King includes it in the doubtful and imperfectly known species.7 The Amboina specimens agree fairly well with Roxburgh’s description and with the figure given by Wight, Ic. t. 6UU. FICUS AURITA Reinw. ex Blume Bijdr. (1825) 462. Amboina, Halong and Way tommo, Rel. Robins. 1679, 1689, August, September, 1913, along river banks, altitude 10 to 40 meters. A most characteristic species known definitely only from Amboina, but reported from New Guinea, and also from the “Moluccas,” although Rein- wardt’s original specimen probably came from Amboina. FICUS UROPHYLLA Wall. Cat. (1831) no. 4483. Amboina, Hitoemoeri road, Rel. Robins. 1683, September 30, 1913, in light forests, altitude about 150 meters. The specimen is referable to this widely distributed Indo-Malayan species as it is interpreted by King. FICUS RET USA Linn. var. NITIDA King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 1 (1888) 51. Amboina, near Castle Victoria, town of Amboina, Rel. Robins. 1678, September 13, 1913, locally known as waringin. FICUS RIGESCENS Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 278. Amboina, Kati-kati, Rel. Robins. 167U, October 7, 1913, in light forests, altitude 80 meters, locally known as tapialu. Ficus rigescens Miq. was described from Amboina material, and has been reduced to Fiscus ramentacea Roxb.; however, I consider that it represents a valid species, distinct from the form described by Roxburgh. FICUS RIGIDA Blume Bijdr. (1825) 465. Ficus gibbosa Blume Bijdr. (1825) 466. Amboina, Eri, Rel. Robins. 1686, September 22, 1913, along the seashore. The specimen is not quite identical with the Javan form but is probably referable to this species. Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 1 (1888) 180. 264 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 FICUS H ENSCH ELI I sp. nov. § Eusyce. Arbor circiter 8 m alta ramuiis junioribus petiolis pedicellis- que adpresse villosis; foliis alternis, chartaceis ve! submembra- naceis, integris, nitidis, usque ad 20 cm longis, oblongo-ovatis ad eiliptico-ovatis, prominente acuminatis, basi rotundatis, nervis utrinque 6, subtus prominentibus ; receptaculis obovoideis, circiter 1 cm longis, parcissime pubescentibus, pedicellis subaequilongis. A tree about 8 m high, the young branchlets, petioles, and pedicels appressed-villous with pale-brownish hairs. Branches reddish-brown, terete, glabrous. Leaves alternate, chartaceous or submembranaceous, oblong-ovate to elliptic-ovate, entire, smooth, 18 to 20 cm long, 9 to 10 cm wide, prominently acuminate, the acumen stout, blunt, 1.5 to 2 cm long, base rounded, somewhat 3- nerved, the upper surface somewhat olivaceous, shining, the lower slightly paler, sparingly pubescent on the midrib and lateral nerves; nerves 6 on each side of the midrib, prominent on the lower surface, anastomosing, the primary reticulations lax, dis- tant, subparallel; petioles 3.5 to 5 cm long; stipules lanceolate, acuminate, densely pubescent, about 1 cm long. Receptacles in the axils of fallen leaves, mostly in pairs, obovate, about 1 cm long, apex rounded, base somewhat narrowed, externally smooth and rather pale when dry, very sparingly pubescent with scat- tered appressed hairs, the pedicels appressed-villous, about as long as the receptacles, the three bracteoles at the apex about 1.5 mm long. Amboina, Hitoe messen, Rel. Robins. 1684, October 18, 1913, in forests, altitude about 250 meters. A species in the group with Ficus alba Reinw., apparently most closely allied to the Philippine species Ficus camiguinensis Merr. Dedicated to Dr. A. G. E. T. Henschel, author of “Vita G. E. Rumphii, Plinii indici, accedunt specimen materiae Rumphianae medicae clavisque herbarii et thesuarii amboinensis” (1833). FICUS HASSKARLII sp. nov. § Eusyce. Arbor circiter 6 m alta, species praecedente similis et affinis, differt foliis minoribus, usque ad 12 cm longis, tenuiterque acu- minatis, petiolis multo brevioribus, receptaculis globosis. A tree about 6 m high, the younger branchlets, petioles, and pedicels appressed subferruginous-villous. Branches terete, dark reddish-brown, smooth or somewhat wrinkled when dry. Leaves alternate, chartaceous, pale-olivaceous, oblong to oblong- ovate, 7 to 12 cm long, 3 to 6 cm wide, entire, base rounded or somewhat cordate, apex slenderly and acutely acuminate ; lateral nerves 6 to 8 on each side of the midrib, prominent on the xi. c, 6 Merrill: Reliquiae Robinsonianae 265 lower surface, anastomosing, the reticulations lax; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm long; stipules lanceolate, acuminate, nearly 1 cm long, densely appressed-pubescent with ferruginous hairs. Recepta- cles numerous, solitary or in pairs in the axils of fallen leaves, orange when fresh, pale-brownish and smooth when dry, very slightly pubescent with appressed hairs, about 8 mm in diameter, their peduncles about 5 mm long. Amboina, Hoetoemoeri road, Rel. Robins. 1685, September 30, 1913, on a fern-covered hillside, altitude about 250 meters. A species similar, and manifestly closely allied, to Ficus henschelii Merr., dilfering in its much smaller leaves, shorter petioles and pedicels, and globose receptacles. It is dedicated to Dr. J. K. Hasskarl, author of “Neuer Schliissel zu Rumph’s Herbarium amboinense” (1866). FICUS sp. Amboina, Way tommo and Negri lama, Rel. Robins. 1675, 1676, August and September, 1913, along river banks, altitude 20 to 40 meters, locally known as gondal and as gohi ayer. A species, perhaps undescribed, allied to the Philippine species Ficus benguetensis Merr. and F. laevicarpa Elm. URTICACEAE CYPHOLOPHUS Weddell CYPHOLOPHUS MOLUCCANUS (Blume) Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 4 (1869) 305. Urtica moluccana Blume Bijdr. (1825) 491. Cypliolophus macrocephalus Wedd. in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. IV 1 (1854) 198. Amboina, Soja and Batoe merah River, Rel. Robins. 1697, September and October, 1913, in ravines and along streams, altitude 20 to 250 meters. Widely distributed in Malaya and Polynesia. CYPHOLOPHUS COERULEUS (Blume) Wedd. in DC. Prodr. 1 61 (1869) 23512. Urtica coerulea Blume Bijdr (1825) 495. Amboina, Hitoe messen, Rel. Robins. 1909, October 10, 1913, on forested limestone hills, altitude about 150 meters, the fruits bluish-green when fresh. A species allied to Cypliolophus lutescens (Blume) Wedd. It is known only from the Moluccas, and the type was probably from Amboina. LEUCOSYKE Zollinger and Moritzi LEUCOSYKE CAPITELLATA (Poir.) Wedd. in DC. Prodr. 161 (1869) 235aT. Urtica capitellata Poir. in Lam. Ency«jl. Suppl. 4 (1816) 227. Amboina, Soja and Tengah tengah, Rel. Robins. 1906, 1907, August and November, 1913, in forests, altitude 25 to 375 meters, locally known as sasapu utan. Formosa to the Moluccas and Java. 266 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 FLEURYA Gaudichaud FLEURYA RUDERALIS (Forst.) Gaudich. Bot. Freyc. Voy. (1826) 497. Urtica rudera-lis Forst. Prodr. (1784) 334. Amboina, Batoe merah, Rel. Robins. 1908, July 20, 1913, on coral rocks at low altitudes, locally known as daun gattal babi. Boeton, Baoe-baoe, Rel. Robins. 2491, July 13, 1913. Java to the southern Philippines, Marianne, and Society Islands. PI LEA Lindley PI LEA MICROPHYLLA (Linn.) Liebm. Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. 52 (1851) 302. Parietaria microphylla Linn. Syst. ed. 10 (1759) 1308. Pilea muscosa Lindl. Coll. Bot. (1824) t. 4- Amboina, Rel. Robins. 1911, on damp stones, town of Amboina, July 19, 1913. Introduced from tropical America; now in all tropical countries. PROCRIS Commerson PROCRIS LAEVIGATA Blume Bijdr. (1825) 508. Procris philip pinensis C. B. Rob. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 5 (1910) Bot. 505. Amboina, Hitoe messen, Rel. Robins. 1916, October 10, 1913, on trees and limestone boulders, altitude about 150 meters. The specimen appears to be typical Procris laevigata Blume, rather than Procris lignescens (Hallier f.) ( Elatostema lignescens Hallier f.) which has been credited to Amboina by Hallier f. India and Ceylon to Malaya and the Philippines. ELATOSTEMA Forster ELATOSTEMA MACROPHYLLUM Brongn. Bot. Voy. Coquille (1829) 207, t. 45. Amboina, Soja, Rel. Robins. 1915, August 2, 1913, in forests, altitude about 400 meters; locally known as assayu utan. The type of the species was from Amboina; it extends from Java to Fiji. ELATOSTEMA SESQUIFOLIUM (Reinw.) Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bogor. (1844) 79. Procris sesquifolia Reinw. ex Blume Bijdr. (1825) 511. Amboina, Kati-kati, Rel. Robins. 1913, October 17, 1913, near streams, altitude 70 meters. This species has been reduced by Weddell to Elatostema integrif olium (Don) Wedd., of India, but the Malayan specimens appear quite different from Indian material. Widely distributed in Malaya and the Philippines, perhaps extending to tropical Asia. ELATOSTEMA ULMIFOLIUM Miq. PI. Jungh. (1851) 21. Amboina, Hitoe lama, Rel. Robins. 1910, October 8, 1913, on limestone rocks, altitude about 150 meters. Weddell makes this Elatostema sessile Forst. var. ulmifolium (Miq.) XI, C, 5 Merrill: Reliquiae Robinsonianae 267 Wedd. in DC. Prodr. 16 1 (1869) 173. I cannot distinguish the Amboina material from authentically named -Javan specimens representing Miquel’s species. ELATOSTEMA sp. Amboina, Salahoetoe, Rel. Robins. 1912, on rocks in ravines, altitude 200 meters, November 27, 1913. A small, slender plant, perhaps undescribed, but the material is rather scanty. ELATOSTEM ATOI DES C. B. Robinson ELATOSTEM ATOI DES POLIONURUM (Hallier f.) comb. nov. Elatostema polioneurum Hallier f. in Fedde Repert. 2 (1906) 62. Amboina, Hatiwe and Kati-kati, Rel. Robins. 181b, 1917, September and October, 1913, along streams, altitude 10 to 70 meters. Amboina and Celebes; very closely allied to the Philippine Elatostema- toides manillense C. B. Rob. PROTEACEAE HELICIA Loureiro HELICIA MOLUCCANA (R. Br.) Blume in Ann. Sci. Nat. II 1 (1834) 216. Rhopala moluccana R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 10 (1811) 191. Amboina, Hitoe messen, Rel. Robins. 1657, October 13, 1913, in forests, altitude about 200 meters. The type of this species was from Amboina. Its further distribution in the Moluccas is uncertain, as it has been reported only from Amboina. SANTALACEAE EXOCARPUS Labillardiere EXOCARPUS AM BOI N ENSIS sp. nov. Arbor (vel frutex scandens?) glabra, ramis teretibus, ramulis tenuibus, angulatis; foliis firrae chartaceis vel subcoriaceis, oblongis, usque ad 11 cm longis, utrinque subaequaliter angus- tatis, acutis vel subacutis, basi acutis, 5-nerviis ; fructibus axil- laribus, solitariis, longe pedicellatis, subglobosis vel late ovoideo- globosis, circiter 6 mm diametro. A small tree (or a scandent shrub?) , quite glabrous. Branches terete, smooth, somewhat reddish-brown, the branchlets slender, paler, somewhat angled. Leaves firmly chartaceous to subcori- aceous, oblong, 5 to 11 cm long, 2 to 4.5 cm wide, dull and rather pale when dry, subequally narrowed to the acute or sub- acute apex and to the acute base, the basal nerves 5, slender, distinct, often one or two additional nerves leaving the middle one above the base in the larger leaves. Fruits axillary or in the axils of fallen leaves, solitary, purplish-black when fresh, brown when dry, globose or ovoid-globes, about 6 mm in diam- 268 The Philippine Journal of Science m6 eter, their pedicels 5 to 7 mm long, with several minute obtuse bracteoles scattered between the base and apex, crowned by the five, usually indexed, short, acute perianth lobes. Amboina, Hoetoemoeri road, Rel. Robins. 1810, September 30, 1913, in forests, altitude about 30 meters, indicated thus: “tree, woody vine, small.” The specimen looks as though it came from a scandent plant. A species well marked by its fruit characters. H ENSLOW I A Blume HENSLOWIA ROBINSONII sp. nov. Frutex parisiticus glaber, foliis obovatis ad elliptico-obovatis, coriaceis, in siccitate brunneis, usque ad 9 cm longis, apice ro- tundatis, basi cuneatis, 5- vel 7-nerviis, distincte petiolatis, petiolo 0.5 ad 1.5 cm longo; fructibus breviter pedicellatis, 7 ad 8 mm longis, oblongis, sursum angustatis, subrostratis, solitariis vel in racemis 2 ad 15 cm longis dispositis. A parasitic glabrous shrub, the branches terete, brown, the branchlets dark reddish-brown, somewhat angular or compressed. Leaves obovate to elliptic-obovate, 3.5 to 9 cm long, 1.5 to 5 cm wide, coriaceous, dark-brown when dry, dull, apex rounded, base narrowed, cuneate, slenderly 5- or 7-nerved; petioles 0.5 to 1.5 cm long. Fruits shortly pedicelled, rarely solitary, mostly in racemes which vary in length from 2 to 15 cm, the racemes sometimes with a few very greatly reduced leaves, usually leafless, the pedicels 1 to 1.5 mm long, with several minute bracteoles forming a small involucre at the base of the fruit, also with others at the base of the pedicels and usually one or two intermediate ones. Fruits oblong, reddish when fresh, brown when dry, 7 to 8 mm long, narrowed upward and subrostrate, crowned by the five, short, oblong-ovate, acute or subacute perianth lobes. Amboina, Ayer putri, Rel. Robins. 1809, July 29, 1913, parasitic on trees at an altitude of about 10 meters, shrubby with a tendency to become scandent. This species is apparently allied to Henslowia reinwardtiana Blume of the Sunda Islands, and to H. spicala Blume of Borneo, but is well character- ized by its distinctly pedicelled fruits which are usually arranged in racemes, very rarely solitary, the racemes varying in length from 2 to 15 cm. OPILIACEAE CHAM PEREIA Griffith CHAM PEREiA MANILLANA (Blume) Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 7 (1912) 233. Cansjera manillana Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 1 (1850) 246. Opilia manillana Baill. Adansonia 3 (1862) 124. Opilia cumingiana Baill. 1. c. xi, c, 5 Merrill: Reliquiae Robinsonianae 269 Champereia cumingiana Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 50. Govantesia malulucban Llanos in Rev. Progr. Cienc. 15 (1865) 191. Champereia griffitliii Kurz For. FI. Brit. Burma 2 (1877) 330. Champereia griffithiana Planch, ex Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 442 (1875) 154. Amboina, Amahoesoe, Rel. Robins. 1811, August 30, 1913, in light woods at an altitude of about 2 meters, locally known as sayor garing. The Amboina specimen certainly represents the same species as the common and widely distributed Philippine form. The species is rather variable in vegetative characters, and I have specimens of what I take to be exactly the same form from Formosa and Indo-China. Gamble 8 expresses some doubt as to whether or not the plant that occurs in Burma, the Malay Peninsula, and Sumatra is identical with the Philippine form, and retains the specimens from those regions under the name Champereia griffithiana Planch. Philippine material referred to Planchon’s species by various authors is certainly Champereia manillana (Blume) Merr. The genus, at least, has not previously been reported from the Moluccas. POLYGONACEAE POLYGONUM Linnaeus POLYGONUM BARBATUM Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 362, var. Amboina, Rel. Robins. 1667, July 25, 1915, in a sago swamp near the town of Amboina. Widely distributed in the tropics of the Old World. AMARANTHACEAE PUPALIA Jussieu PUPALI A LAPPACEA (Linn.) Juss. in Ann. Mus. Paris 2 (1803) 132. Achyranthes lappacea Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 204. Achyranthes atropurpurea Lam. Encycl. 1 (1785) 546. Pupalia atropurpurea Moq. in DC. Prodr. 132 (1849) 331. Boeton, Baoe baoe, Rel. Robins. 2488, July 23, 1913. I do not agree with Moquin in regard to the synonymy of this species, as between the two forms indicated by him as Pupalia atropurpurea and Pupalia lappacea. I interpret the type of the Linnean species as FI. Zeyl. 103, and Hermann’s specimen is Pupalia atropurpurea Moq.; see Trimen FI. Ceyl. 3 (1895) 399. Widely distributed in tropical Africa, Asia, and Malaya. NYCTAGINACEAE PI SON I A Plunder PiSONIA CAULI FLORA Scheff. in Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind. 32 (1871) 417, Amboina, Hitoe lama, Rel. Robins. 1796, October 8, 1913, in forest at an altitude of about 150 meters, locally known as putak putak. 'Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 75 2 (1912) 277. 270 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 This species was originally described from specimens collected on Ceram Island, and Bargagli-Petrucci reports it also from New Guinea. It is also cultivated in the botanic garden at Buitenzorg, Java. PHYTOLOCCACEAE RIVIN1A Linnaeus RIVIN1A HUM1LIS Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 121 var. ORIEMTAL1S (Moq.) H. Walt, in Engl. Pflanzenreich 39 (1909) 105. Amboina, Rel. Robins. 1662, September 25, 1913, in waste places near the town of Amboina. The variety is widely distributed in the Malayan region; the species, in various forms, in all tropical countries. Undoubtedly an introduced plant in Amboina, as Doctor Robinson queries “cultivated? weed?” MAGNOLIACEAE MAGNOLIA Linnaeus MAGNOLIA COCO (Lour.) DC. Syst. 1 (1818) 459. Liriodendron coco Lour. FI. Cochinch. (1790) 347. Magnolia pumilia Andr. Bot. Repos, t. 226. Talauma pumila Blume FI. Jav. 3 Schizandr. (1828-36) 38, t. 12 C. Amboina, from cultivated specimens in the town of Amboina, Rel. Robins. 501, November 23, 1913, locally known as sampaka salak. Probably a native of southern China, but occasional in cultivation in the Philippines and in the Malay Archipelago. Liriodendron liliifera Linn, has been cited by many authors as a synonym of this species, but it was based wholly on Sampacca montana Rumph., Herb. Amb. 2: 204, t. 69, which is Talauma rumphii Blume. SCHI2ANDRA Michaux SCHIZANDRA AXILLARIS (Blume) Hook. f. & Thoms, in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 1 (1872) 45. Sphaerostema axillare Blume FI. Jav. 3 Schizandr. (1828-36) 14, t. 3. Amboina, Hatalia, Rel. Robins. 2005, October 24, 1913, climbing on trees, altitude about 350 meters. India, Java, and probably in other islands in the Malay Archipelago. ANNONACEAE AN NONA Linnaeus ANNONA MURICATA Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 536. Amboina, Binting, Rel. Robins. 1 782, September 16, 1913, locally known as nanka blanda. A native of tropical America; now widely distributed in all tropical countries in cultivation. MYRISTACACEAE MYRISTICA Linnaeus MYRISTICA sp. Amboina, Lateri, Way uri, and Hitoe messen, Rel. Robins. 1877, 2033, 20U2, August to September, 1913, along river banks and in forests, altitude 50 to 300 meters, locally known as palautan. xi, c, 6 Merrill: Reliquiae Robinsonianae 271 Perhaps an undescribed species, but the specimens present only staminate flowers, and I cannot place it with certainty by the published descriptions alone. It is apparently not one of the forms described by Rumphius. HORSFI ELDI A Willdenow HORSFI ELDi A BIVALVIS (Hook, f.) comb. nov. Myristica bivalvis Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 5 (1886) 107. Myristica globularia Blume Rumphia 1 (1836) 190, non Lam. Horsfieldia globularia Warb. in Nov. Act. Akad. Naturf. 68 (1897) 288, t. 21, f. 1-4. Amboina, Hitoe messen, and Lateri, Rel. Robins. 1878, November, 1913, in forests, altitude 75 to 250 meters. I consider that Myristica globularia Blume (1825) is invalidated by M. globularia Lam. (1788) and have accordingly adopted Hooker’s specific name bivalvis for this species. HORSFIELDIA sp. Amboina, Hitoe messen, Rel. Robins. 1874, November 1, 1913, in forested ravines, altitude about 100 meters. The specimen is in fruit, and does not appear to be any of the forms described by Rumphius. I cannot definitely refer it to any described species. MONIMIACEAE K I BARA Endlicher KIBARA MOLUCCANA Perk, in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 45 (1911) 425. Amboina, Hitoe messen, Rel. Robins. 1855, 1918, October 13, 1913, in forests, altitude about 200 meters. The species is known only from Amboina. LAURACEAE PHOEBE Nees PHOEBE MACROPHYLLA Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 1 (1851) 326. Persea . macrophylla Blume Bijdr. (1825) 568. Amboina, Hitoe messen, Rel. Robins. 1997, October 14, 1913, in light forests, altitude 175 meters, locally known as halaor batu. Malay Peninsula, Singapore, Java. LITSEA Lamarck LITSEA PERROTTETI I (Blume) F.-Vill. Novis. App. (1880) 180. Tetranthera perrottetii Blume Mus. Bot. 1 (1851) 384. Amboina, Wae, Rel. Robins. 1996, November 25, 1913, along roadsides at low altitudes, locally known as daun titti utan. The specimen closely matches Litsea perrottetii F.-Vill., which is very common and widely distributed in the Philippines; some of the leaves average slightly larger than in Philippine material, and some of the racemes are longer, but I can detect no essential differences. Previously known from the Philippines, where it extends from northern Luzon to southern Mindanao, and Celebes ( Hose 796). 143573 5 272 The Philippine Journal of Science L1TSEA BANCANA (Miq.) Boerl. Handl. Kenn. FI. Nederl. Ind. 3 (1900) 143? Tetranthera bancana Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I1 (1858) 950. Amboina, Hitoe messen, Rel. Robins. 1998, November 1, 1913, borders of clearings, altitude about 200 meters, locally known as halaor puti. The specimen agrees closely with Miquel’s description, and with material from a cultivated tree in the botanic garden at Buitenzorg, Java, but may eventually be found to represent an allied but distinct form. CAPPARIDACEAE CRATAEVA Linnaeus CRATAEVA RELIGIOSA Forst. f. Prodr. (1786) 35. Amboina, Way uri, Rel. Robins. 1905, September 9, 1913, on river banks, altitude about 90 meters, locally known as kayu susu. India to Malaya and Polynesia. NEPENTHACEAE NEPENTHES Linnaeus NEPENTHES sp. Amboina, Salahoetoe, Rel. Robins. 1903, 190U, November 27, 1913, climb- ing over bushes at from an altitude of 800 meters to the summit, 1,127 meters. Both of the specimens, manifestly representing the same species, are sterile and are indeterminable except by comparison with authentically named specimens. Possibly they represent an undescribed species. The relatively large pitchers are very characteristic. (To be concluded.) 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Box 54, Calcutta, India. Entered at the post office at Manila, P. I., as second-class matter. Vol. XI, Sec. C, No. 6 November, 1916 THE PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE ALVIN J. COX, M. A., Ph. D. GENERAL EDITOR Section C. Botany E. D. MERRILL, M. S. EDITOR WITH THE COOPERATION OF W. H. BROWN, Ph. D. ; E. B. COPELAND, Ph. D. F. W. FOXWORTHY, Ph. D. ; L. M. GUERRERO, Phar. D. C. F. BAKER, A. M. ; R. C. McGREGOR, A. B. MANILA BUREAU OF PRINTING 1916 PUBLICATIONS POR SALE BY THE BUREAU OF SCIENCE, MANILA, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS ETHNOLOGY A VOCABULARY OF THE IGOROT LAN- GUAGE AS SPOKEN BY THE BONTOC IGOROTS By Walter Clayton Clapp Order No. 408. Paper, S9 pages, $0.75, postpaid. The vocabulary is given in Igorot-English and English-lgorot. THE NABALOI DIALECT By Otto Scheerer and THE BATAKS OF PALAWAN By Edward Y. Miller Order No. 403. Paper, $0.25; half mo- rocco, $0.75; postpaid. The Nabaloi Dialect (65 pages, 29 plates) and the Bataks of Palawan (7 pages, 6 plates) are bound under one cover. TEE BATAN DIALECT AS A MEMBER OF THE PHILIPPINE GROUP OF LANGUAGES By Otto Scheerer and “F” AND “V” IN PHILIPPINE LANGUAGES By Carlos Everett Conant Order No. 407. These two papsrs are Issued under one cover, 141 pages, paper, $0.80, postpaid. THE SUBANUNS OF SINDANGAN BAY By Emerson B. Christie Order No. 410. Paper, 121 pages, 1 map, 29 plates, $1.25, postpaid. Sindangan Bay is situated on the north- ern coast of Zamboanga Peninsula. The Su- banuns of this region were studied by Mr. Christie during two periods of five and six weeks, respectively. The 29 plates illustrate the Subanuns at work and at play; their industries, houses, altars, and implements; and the people themselves. THE HISTORY OF SULU By Najeeb M. Saleeby Order No. 406. Paper, 275 pages, 4 maps, 2 diagrams, $0.75, postpaid. In the preparation of his manuscript for The History of Sulu, Doctor Saleeby spent much time and effort in gaining access to documents in the possession of the Sultan of Sulu. This book is a history of the Moros in the Philippines from the earliest times to the American occupation. ETHNOLOGY— Continued STUDIES IN MORO HISTORY, LAW, AND RELIGION By Najeeb M. Saleeby Order No. 405. Paper, 107 pages, 16 plates, 5 diagrams, $0.25; half mo- rocco, $0.75; postpaid. This volume deals with the earliest written records of the Moros in Mindanao. The names of the rulers of Magindanao are recorded in five folding diagrams. NEGRITOS OF ZAMBALES By William Allan Reed Order No. 402. Paper, S3 pages, 62 plates, $0.25; half morocco, $0.75; postpaid. Plates from photographs, many of whioh were taken for this publication, show orna- ments, houses, men making fire with bamboo, bows and arrows, dances, and various types of the people themselves. INDUSTRIES PHILIPPINE HATS By C. B. Robinson Order No. 415. Paper, 66 pages, 8 plates, $0.50 postpaid. This paper is a concise record of the history and present condition of hat making in the Philippine Islands. THE SUGAR INDUSTRY IN THE ISLAND OF NEGROS By Herbert S. Walker Order No. 412. Paper, 145 pages, 10 plates, 1 map, $1.25, postpaid. Consider-ea from the viewpoint of prac- tical utility. Mr. Walker’s Sugar Industry in the Island of Negros is one of the most important papers puorished by the Bureau of Science. This volume is a real contribu- tion to the subject; it is not a mere com- pilation, for the author was in the field and understands the conditions of which he writes. V A MANUAL OF PHILIPPINE SILK CULTURE By Charles S. Banks Order No. 413. Paper, 53 pages, 20 plates, $0.75, postpaid. In A Manual of Philippine Silk Culture are presented the results of several years' actual work with silk-produoing larvae to- gether with a description of the new Philip- pine race. THE PHILIPPINE Journal of Science C. Botany VOL. XI NOVEMBER, 1916. No. 6 RELIQUIAE ROBINSONIANAE By E. D. Merrill ( From the Botanical Section of the Biological Laboratory, Bureau of Science, Manila, P. I.) (Concluded.) SAXIFRAGACEAE POLYOSMA Blume POLYOSMA BRACHYANTHA sp. nov. Arbor usque ad 16 m alta inflorescentiis exceptis glabra ; foliis alternis, integris, oblongis, utrinque subaequaliter angustatis, apice prominente acuminatis, basi acutis, usque ad 17 cm longis, nervis utrinque circiter 12, subtus prominentibus ; racemis usque ad 14 cm longis, puberulis, multifloris; floribus 4-meris, 1 cm longis, petalis extus minute adpresse puberulis, intus prominente pilosis. A tree attaining a height of 16 m, entirely glabrous except the inflorescence. Branches and branchlets terete, grayish or brown- ish. Leaves alternate, firmly chartaceous, olivaceous and some- what shining when dry, in general oblong, 10 to 17 cm long, 2.5 to 5.5 cm wide, entire, subequally narrowed to the acute base and to the prominently acuminate apex, the acumen usually rather slender, often minutely apiculate ; lateral nerves about 12 on each side of the midrib, prominent, anastomosing, the reticulations lax ; petioles 1 to 2 cm long. Racemes terminal, solitary, many flow- ered, up to 14 cm in length, minutely but not densely puberulent with short, appressed, rather pale hairs. Flowers white, 4-mer- ous, 1 cm long, their pedicels puberulent, 1 to 2 mm long, the subtending bracts very small, oblong-ovate, less than 1 mm long. Calyx-tube appressed-puberulent, about 2 mm long, the teeth 4, broadly triangular-ovate, acute, short. Petals 8 mm long, about 1.4 mm wide, obtuse, externally minutely and sparingly ap- 273 143577 274 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 pressed-puberulent, internally prominently pilose. Filaments pilose. Style glabrous. Fruits black when dry, subellipsoid, glabrous, usually apiculate, 7 to 9 mm long. Amboina, Hitoe messen, Rel. Robins. 1814, 1815, 1816 (type), October and November, 1913, in forests at an altitude of about 200 meters; Gelala, Rel. Robins. 1812, September 19, 1913, altitude about 100 meters; Wae, Rel. Robins. 1813, in light forest at an altitude of about 20 meters, locally known as kayumuka. The species is well characterized by its unusually short flowers and is possibly most closely allied to Polyosma stenosiphon Schltr. of New Guinea. It differs from that species, however, in very many characters, and. while apparently common in Amboina, it does not seem previously to have been described. PITTOSPORACEAE PITTOSPORUM Banks PITTQSPORUM RAMIFLORUM Zoll. ex Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1 s (1858) 122. Glyaspermum ramiflorum Zoll. & Mor. Nat. Geneesk. Neerl. Ind. 2 (1845) 11. Amboina, Hoenoet, Rel. Robins. 1663, October 8, 1913, on limestone formations in light woods, altitude about 175 meters. The specimen agrees perfectly with material from trees cultivated in the botanic garden at Buitenzorg, labelled as having originated in Amboina. LEGUMINOSAE SERI ANTH ES Bentham SERIAIMTHES GRANDIFLORA (Wall.) Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3 (1844) 225. Inga grandifiora Wall. Cat. (1832) No. 5285. Amboina, Hatiwe, Rel. Robins. 2045, September 15, 1913, in ravines, alti- tude about 200 meters, locally known as malalm and kadaun. Malay Peninsula and Archipelago to the Philippines and New Guinea. ACACIA Willdenow ACACIA FARN ESI AN A (Linn.) Willd. Sp. PI. 4 (1805) 1083. Mimosa farnesiana Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 521. Amboina, Binting, Rel. Robins. 2010, August 13, 1913; cultivated? Locally known as pohong makassar. A native of tropical America, now widely distributed in all hot coun- tries, cultivated and naturalized. LEUCAENA Bentham LEUCAENA GLAUCA (Linn.) Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4 (1842) 416. Mimosa glauca Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 520. Amboina, Batoe merah, Rel. Robins. 2016, August 24, 1913, at low altitudes. A native of tropical America, now widely distributed in all hot countries. xi, c, 6 Merrill: Reliquiae Robinsonianae 275 CROTALARI A Linnaeus CROTALARI A SALT! AN A Andr. Bot. Rep. (1811) t. 648. Crotalaria striata DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 131. Amboina, Batoe merah, Rel. Robins. 2011, July 20, 1913, in rocky soil at low altitudes. Bali, Boeleleng, Rel. Robins. 2533, July 7, 1913. All tropical countries; where native uncertain, but probably tropical America. INDIGOFERA Linnaeus INDIGOFERA TRIFOLIATA Linn. Amoen. Acad. 4 (1759) 327. Amboina, Soeli, Rel. Robins. 2017, November 25, 1913, in grass lands, altitude about 25 meters. India and Ceylon to southern China, southward through Malaya to tropical Australia. DESMODI U M Desvaux DESMODI U M HETEROCARPUM (Linn.) DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 337. Hedysarum heterocarpon Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 747. Desmodium polycarpum DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 334. Amboina, Soja road, Rel. Robins. 2014, August 1, 1913, on grassy hill- sides, altitude 100 to 300 meters. Tropical Asia and Africa through Malaya to tropical Australia and Polynesia. DESMODIUM TRIFLORUM (Linn.) DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 334. Hedysai'um triflorum Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 749. Amboina, town of Amboina, Rel. Robins. 2015, July 30, 1913. Boeton, Baoe-baoe, Rel. Robins. 2483, July 13, 1913. Tropics of both hemispheres. ALYSC ICAR PUS Necker ALYSCICARPUS N U M M U LAR I FOLI US (Linn.) DC. Prodr. 2 (1825) 353. Hedysaryum nummularif olium Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 746 p. p., excl. FI. Zeyl. 288. Amboina, Batoe merah and Batoe gadjah, Rel. Robins. 2043, July and August, 1913, roadsides, altitude sealevel to 150 meters. Widely distributed in the tropics of the Old World, introduced in the New World. URARIA Desvaux URARIA LAGOPODIOI DES (Linn.) Don Prodr. FI. Nepal. (1825) 324. Hedysarum lagopodioides Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 1198. Hedysarum lagopoides Burm. f. FI. Ind. (1768) 168, t. 53, f. 2. Amboina, Lateri and Batoe gadjah, Rel. Robins. 2013, August, 1913, grassy hillsides and along trails, altitude 100 to 150 meters. Celebes, Ma- cassar, Rel. Robins. 2460, July 11, 1913. India to southern China southward through Malaya to tropical Australia. PHYLACIUM Bennett PHYLACIUM BRACTEOSUM Benn. PI. Jav. Rar. (1840) 159, t. 33. Amboina, Paso, Rel. Robins. 2018, July 8, 1913, in thickets at low altitudes. Malay Peninsula and Archipelago to the Philippines and New Guinea. 276 The Philippine Journal of Science DALBERGIA Linnaeus f. 1916 DALBERGIA DENSA Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 2 (1843) 217. Amboina, Liang, Rel. Robins. 2040, November 29, 1913, near the seashore. Amboina, Jobi, Aru Islands, Key Archipelago, and New Guinea. DALBERGIA FERRUGINEA Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 98, nomen, FI. Ind. ed. 2, 3 (1832) 228. Amboina, Wae, Rel. Robins. 2041, November 29, 1913, in thickets at low altitudes. Borneo, the Philippines, and the Moluccas to New Guinea and the Caroline Islands. DERR IS Loureiro DERRIS ELEGANS (Grah.) Benth. PI. Jungh. (1852) 252. Pongcnnia elegans Grah. in Wall. Cat. (1832) no. 7540. Amboina, Hitoe messen, Rel. Robins. 2019, October 10, 1913, in forests, altitudes about 120 meters. Tenasserim, the Andaman Islands, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and the Philippines. TERAMNUS Swartz TERAMNUS LABIALIS (Linn, f.) Spreng. Syst. 3 (1826) 235. Glycine labialis Linn. f. Suppl. (1781) 325. Celebes, Macassar, Rel. Robins. 2451, July 11, 1913. Boeton, Baoe-baoe, Rel. Robins. 2486, July 13, 1913. Widely distributed in the tropics of both hemispheres. MUCUNA Adanson MUCUNA CYANOSPERMA K. Schum. in K. Schum. & Hollr. FI. Kaiser Wilh. Land (1889) 98. Amboina, Liang, Rel. Robins. 2049, November 29, 1913, climbing over trees, altitude about 15 meters, locally known as garichi bundoc and raraweya. The Moluccas and New Guinea. FLEMINGIA Roxburgh FLEMINGIA STROBI LI FERA (Linn.) R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 4 (1812) 350. Hedysarum strobiliferum Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 764. Amboina, Paso, Rel. Robins. 2009, September 8, 1913, in thickets at low altitudes, locally known as slai-slai. Bali, Boeleleng, Rel. Robins. 2523, July 7, 1913. India to southern China and Malaya, introduced in Mauritius and in the West Indies. PHASEOLUS Linnaeus PHASEOLUS LUNATUS Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 724. Amboina, Mahiya, Rel. Robins. 2046, August 12, 1913, limestone forma- tions at an altitude of about 300 meters, locally kown as kakara puti. A native of tropical America, now found wild and cultivated in all tropical countries. xi, c, 6 Merrill: Reliquiae Robinsonianae 277 LINACEAE HUGONIA Linnaeus HUGONIA ROBINSONII sp. nov. Frutex scandens glaber, ramis teretibus, ramulis plus min- usve angulatis; foliis chartaceis, lanceolatis ad oblongo-lanceo- latis, usque ad 20 cm longis, utrinque subaequaliter angustatis, apice acute acuminatis, basi acutis, nitidis, margine crenulato- denticulatis, nervis utrinque 14 ad 16, curvatis, anastomosan- tibus ; inflorescentiis terminalibus, paniculatis, multifloris ; sepalis glabris, orbiculari-ovatis, rotundatis, circiter 2 mm longis ; petalis oblongis, circiter 8 mm longis, apice obtusis, basi angustatis, cuneatis. A scandent glabrous shrub 2.5 m long or more, entirely gla- brous. Branches terete, lenticellate, pale-brownish, the branch- lets dark reddish-brown, somewhat angled when dry. Leaves chartaceous, shining, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 11 to 20 cm long, 4 to 5.5 cm wide, those on the inflorescence much smaller, subequally narrowed to the prominently and acutely acuminate apex and to the acute base, margins rather distantly crenulate-denticulate ; lateral nerves 14 to 16 on each side of the midrib, curved, anastomosing, rather distinct on the lower sur- face, the reticulations rather close; petioles about 5 mm long. Inflorescence a terminal, somewhat leafy, many-flowered panicle up to 30 cm in length, the leaves subtending the branches or partial inflorescences much reduced in size, 2 to 7 cm in length, the hooks stout, recurved, attaining a length of at least 5 cm. Flowers numerous, orange-yellow, the bracts acicular, about 5 mm long, the bracteoles similar but much shorter. Sepals orbi- cular-ovate, rounded, about 2 mm long. Petals oblong, about 8 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, rounded or obtuse at the apex, base narrowed, cuneate. Stamens 10, the free parts of the shorter filaments about 1 mm long, of the longer ones 1.5 mm. Ovary oblong, glabrous, 1.5 mm long; styles 5, about 3 mm in length. Amboina, Gelela, Rel. Robins. 1783, September 19, 1913, in rocky soil near small streams, altitude about GO meters. A characteristic species apparently most closely allied to Hugonia pen- tagyna (Warb.) K. Schum. of New Guinea, from which it differs radically in its floral characters. ERYTHROXYLACEAE ERYTHROXYLUM P. Browne ERYTHROXYLUM ECARINATUM Burck in Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 11 (1893) 191, t. 15. Amboina, Wae, Rel. Robins. 1854, November 26, 1913; Hitoe messen, Rel. 278 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 Robins. 1885, October 18, 1913, in forests, altitude 20 to 250 meters, locally known as kahunar. Amboina, Celebes, Buru, Ceram, and New Guinea. RUTACEAE TR I PH ASIA Loureiro TR 1 PH ASIA TRI FOLIA (Burm. f.) P. Wils. in Torreya 9 (1909) 33. Limonia trifolia Burm. f. FI. Ind. (1768) 103. Limonia trifoliata Linn. Mant. 2 (1771) 237. Triphasia trifoliata DC. 1 (1824) 536. Tripliasia aurantiola Lour. FI. Cochinch. (1790) 153. Amboina, near the town of Amboina and at Ayer putri, Rel. Robins. 1 767, July 29 and 30, 1913, in light woods at low altitudes. The probabilities are that this species has been introduced into Amboina since Rumphius’s time. It is now of very wide distribution in the Indo- Malayan region, but is, I believe, very generally an introduced plant, although now spontaneous, and in some regions even dominant. SIMARUBACEAE QUASSIA Linnaeus QUASSIA AMARA Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 2 (1762) 553. Amboina, Rel. Robins. 1765, from cultivated plants in the town of Am- boina, said to have been introduced from Timor. A native of tropical America, now widely cultivated in the tropics. BURSERACEAE CANARIUM Linnaeus CANARIUM sp. Amboina, Wae, Rel. Robins. 1816, November 26, 1913, in light forests, altitude about 20 meters, locally known as nanari laki laid. The specimen presents only staminate flowers, and in the absence of pistillate flowers and fruits I am unable to place it in its proper section; it may even prove to be referable to Santiria. MELIACEAE DYSOXYLUM Blume DYSOXYLUM RUM PH 1 1 sp. nov. § Eudysoxylum. Arbor circiter 15 m alta, inflorescentiis exceptis subglabra; foliis circiter 70 cm longis, foliolis circiter 25, inferioribus al- ternis, superioribus suboppositis, chartaceis, oblongis, usque ad 17 cm longis, basi inaequilateraliter rotundatis, apice acuminatis, nervis utrinque 18 ad 20, prominentibus, patulis; racemis 8 ad 13 cm longis, fasciculatis, e truncis vel e ramis vetustioribus, multifloris, cum pedicellis calycis petalisque dense pubescentibus ; floribus pedicellatis, 4-meris, circiter 1 cm longis et 5 mm diametro, calycis prominente 4-lobatis; petalis 4, liberis vel xi, c, 6 Merrill: Reliquiae Robinsonianac 279 subliberis; tub.o glabro, cylindraceo; ovario 4-loculare, dense pubescente. A tree about 15 m high, nearly glabrous except the cauline inflorescence which is uniformly and densely brownish-pubescent with short hairs. Branches glabrous, terete, the ultimate ones nearly 1 cm in diameter, grayish or brownish. Leaves alternate, about 70 cm long, the rachis and petiole minutely puberulent, becoming quite glabrous. Leaflets about 25, the lower ones al- ternate, the upper subopposite, oblong, chartaceous, olivaceous, smooth, shining, glabrous or the younger ones very obscurely puberulent beneath, 10 to 17 cm long, 3 to 5 cm wide, acuminate, base inequilaterally rounded, sessile or subsessile; lateral nerves 18 to 20 on each side of the midrib, spreading, prominent. Racemes fascicled, several springing from the same tubercle on the larger branches and trunk, 8 to 13 cm long, many flowered. Flowers white, 4-merous, their pedicels pubescent, about 5 mm long. Calyx densely pubescent, broadly ovoid-cup-shaped, 6 to 7 mm long, loose, the lobes ovate, 3 to 3.5 mm long, rounded. Petals 4, free or nearly so, oblong, rounded, 10 to 12 mm long, 4 mm wide, below glabrous, the upper part on the back very densely and uniformly pubescent with short brownish hairs. Staminal-tube cylindric, glabrous, free, 10 to 11 mm long, cleft into 8, small, oblong, 2 mm long lobes, the lobes rounded-truncate and obscurely retuse, the 1 mm long anthers alternate with the lobes. Disk cylindric, glabrous, truncate, 3 mm long, free. Ovary free, densely pubescent, 4-celled, the lower part of the style densely hirsute, the upper part glabrous. Amboina, Lateri, Rel. Robins. 199 J, September 5, 1913, in forests, altitude about 175 meters, locally known as daun lansa utan, and tautvan. A strongly marked species, well characterized by its long leaves, numerous subsessile leaflets, and its cauline, fascicled, simple, many-flowered racemes. It belongs in the group with Dysoxylum ramiflorum Miq., D. cauLostachyum Miq., and allied forms, but is apparently distinct from all described species DYSOXYLUM DECANDRUM (Blanco) Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 27 (1905) 39. Turraea decandra Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 347. Dysoxylum amooroides Miq. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 4 (1868) 16. Amboina, Batoe merah, PI. Rumph. Amb. 1989, August 24, 1913, in ravines, altitude about 150 meters. The specimen is in fruit, and appears to be the form of this widely distributed species indicated by Koorders & Valeton as var. pubescens K. & V. I cannot distinguish the common Philippine form, Dysoxylum decandrum (Blanco) Merr., from D. amooroides Miq. and have accordingly reduced the latter. Luzon to Java and New Guinea. 280 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 CH ISOCHITON Blume CH ISOCHITON sp. Amboina, Hitoe lama, Rel. Robins, 1995, October 11, 1913, in forests, altitude about 150 meters. The specimen presents only immature fruits, and is hence not further determinable except by comparison with authentically named specimens. It appears to have indehiscent fruits and to belong with that group of species placed by C. DeCandolle in the genus Dasycoleum. AGLAIA Loureiro AGLAIA MULTIFOLIOLA Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 9 (1914) Bot. 534. Amboina, Hitoe messen, Rel. Robins. 1990, October 8, 1913, in forests, altitude about 150 meters. The specimen closely matches the type of the species, which is closely allied to Aglaia argentea Blume. The only other localities known for Aglaia multi flora are Basilan and southwestern Mindanao, in the Phil- ippines. AGLAIA MIGUELII nom. nov. Aglaiopsis glaucescens Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 4 (1868) 59, non Aglaia glaucescens King. Hearnia glaucescens C. DC. Monog. Phan. 1 (1878) 631. Amboina, Batoe merah, Rel. Robins. 1992, August 24, 1913, in ravines, altitudes about 200 meters; Amahoesoe, Rel. Robins. 1993, September 16, 1913, in light forest, altitude about 70 meters. Reported by Miquel from various parts of the Moluccas and from New Guinea, but the New Guinea specimens have been referred by C. DeCandolle to Aglaia nov og nine ensis C. DC. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. II 3 (1903) 173. The specimens differ slightly from the species, as described, but I still consider them referable here. Miquel’s specific name glaucescens is in- validated in Aglaia by Aglaia glaucescens King, hence the new one proposed above. AGLAIA sp. Amboina, Hitoe lama, Rel. Robins. 1991, November 1, 1913, on limestone formations in forests, altitude about 150 meters, locally known as lolan puti and lansa it tan. The specimen represents a very characteristic species with a greatly reduced inflorescence, but the flowers are too young to warrant further identification of the specimens at this time. MALPIGHIACEAE RYSSOPTERIS Blume RYSSOPTERIS Tl MORI ENSIS (DC.) Blume ex A. Juss. in Deless. Ic. Sel. 3 (1837) 21. Banisteria timoriensis DC. Prodr. 1 (1824) 588. Amboina, Hitoe messen, Rel. Robins. 2007, November 1, 1913, on trees at an altitude of about 150 meters. Definitely reported from Java and Timor. xi, c, 6 Merrill: Reliquiae Robinsonianae 281 POLYGALACEAE EP1RIXANTHES Blume EPIRIXANTMES ELONGATA Blume Cat. (1825) 82. Amboina, Hatiwe, Rel. Robins. 1666, September 15, 1913, altitude about 300 meters. Previously known from the Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra, and Java. The generic name is variously spelled Epirhizanthes, Epirhizanthus, Epirhi- zanthe, and finally Epirrhizanthes, the last adopted by Penzig, in Ann. •Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 17 (1901) 146, as the philologically correct form. The original spelling, as proposed by Blume, is here retained. SALOMON I A Loureiro SALOMON !A CANTON I ENSIS Lour. FI. Cochinch. (1790) 14. Amboina, Batoe mera, Rel. Robins, 1665, July 18, 1913, in rocky soil, altitude 15 to 25 meters, locally known as daun alus bunga. Widely distributed in tropical Asia and Malaya. POLYGALA Linnaeus POLYGALA POLI FOLIA Presl Rel. Haenk. 2 (1835) 101. Polygala warburgii Chod. ex Warb. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 13 (1891) 346. Amboina, Soja road, Rel. Robins. 152, August 1, 1913, hillsides, altitude 150 to 250 meters. Previously known only fi’om the Philippines, Carolines, and New Guinea. The type of Presl’s species was from Luzon, not from Brazil as indicated in Index Kewensis, and Polygala warburgii Chod. is identical with it. EUPHORBIACEAE PHYLLANTHUS Linnaeus PHYLLANTHUS RET1CULATUS Poir. in Lam. Encycl. 5 (1804) 298. Bali, Boeleleng, Rel. Robins. 2520, July 7, 1913. Tropical Africa, Asia, and Malaya. PHYLLANTHUS sp. Amboina, Eri, Rel. Robins. 170k, August 30, 1913. An undershrub about 0.3 m high, representing a characteristic, perhaps undescribed species, but unfortunately our material presents only pistillate flowers. It represents a species allied to the Philippine Phyllanthus lan- cifolius Merr. and P. macgregorii C. B. Rob., but is distinct from both. GLOCH I DION Forster GLOCH 1 DION BREYNIOIDES C. B. Rob. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1909) Bot. 95. Amboina, Koesoekoesoe sereh, Rel. Robins. 1712, October 3, 1913, in light woods, altitude about 225 meters. The Amboina specimen differs from the type of the species in its some- what larger leaves and larger staminate flowers but is apparently a form 282 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 of Glochidion breynioides C. B. Rob. The species is widely distributed in the Philippines and is also found in Borneo. GLOCHIDION MOLLE Blume Bijdr. (1825) 586. Amboina, Hitoe lama, Rel. Robins. 1711, November 5, 1913, along road- sides, altitude about 50 meters. Java to southern Mindanao and Celebes. GLOCHIDION GLABRUM J. J. Sm. in Lorenz Nova Guinea 8 (1910) 224, t. 53. Amboina, Soja road, Rel. Robins. 1713, on hillsides, altitude about 50 meters. The specimen is in fruit, and is almost certainly referable to this recently described species. SAUROPUS Blume SAUROPUS ALBICANS (Linn.) Men-, in For. Bur. (Philip.) Bull. 1 (1903) 128. Cluytia androgyna Linn. Mant. 1 (1767) 128. Sauropus albicans Blume Bijdr. (1825) 596. Amboina, Rel. Robins. 1701, July 22, 1913, in thickets and along the river back of the town of Amboina, locally known as katok. India to southern China to Java, Amboina, and the Philippines. BREYNIA Forster BREYNIA PUBESCENS sp. nov. Frutex circiter 1 m altus, ramulis subtus foliis calycibusque uniformiter subdense tomentosis ; foliis submembranaceis, in sic- citate nigris, usque ad 4.5 cm longis, ovatis ad oblongo-ovatis, basi acutis ad rotundatis, apice acutis, minutissime apiculatis, nervis utrinque 5 vel 6 ; calycis valde accrescentibus, subcupu- laris, obscure lobatis, circiter 6 mm diametro. A shrub about 1 m high, the branches and branchlets terete, the former pale-brownish, glabrous, the latter slender, nearly black when dry, uniformly and rather densely villous. Leaves ovate to oblong-ovate, submembranaceous, 2.5 to 4.5 cm long, 2 to 3 cm wide, the upper surface nearly glabrous and black when dry, the lower much paler, uniformly villous with some- what grayish, short, somewhat crisped hairs, the base acute to rounded, the apex acute and minutely apiculate; lateral nerves 5 or 6 on each side of the midrib, slender; petioles pubescent, about 2 mm long. Flowers axillary, solitary, very shortly pedi- celled. Fruits green, subglobose, glabrous, black when dry, about 5 mm in diameter, almost surrounded by the cup-shaped, accrescent, obscurely lobed, somewhat pubescent calyx, which is about 6 mm in diameter, black when dry, red when fresh. Amboina, Batoe gadjah, Rel. Robins. 169U, August 5, 1913, on open hill- sides, altitude 50 to 200 meters. XI, C, 6 Merrill: Reliquiae Robinsonianae 283 In aspect this species resembles Breynia cernua Muell.-Arg., to which it is manifestly allied, from which it is easily distinguished, however, by the prominent indumentum on its branchlets, leaves, and calyces. In its in- dumentum it approaches Breynia ovalifolia J. J. Sm., of New Guinea, but is not closely allied to that species, differing in its much larger, differently shaped, more numerously nerved leaves, and its cup-shaped accrescent calyx. APOROSA Blume APOROSA SPHAERIDOPHORA Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 76.' Amboina, Hitoe lama and Lateri, Rel. Robins. 17H, 1715, 1716, August, September, and October, 1913, in forests, altitude 100 to 200 meters, locally known as makarlasi and simbun api. One of the specimens has pistillate flowers, one very young fruits, and one mature or neai-ly mature fruits. While they are not absolutely identical with the type material of Aporosa sphaeridophora Merr. I can detect no constant differences which would warrant me in separating the Amboina form from the Philippine one. Widely distributed in the Philippines and also known from Java. ANTIDESMA Burman ANTIDESMA GHAESEMB1LLA Gaertn. Fruct. 1 (1788) 189, t. 39, excl. syn. Amboina, Soja road and vicinity of the town of Amboina, Rel. Robins. 1710, August and October, 1913, on stony and grassy hillsides, altitude 35 to 200 meters, locally known as melur utan. India through Malaya to tropical Australia. MALLOTUS Loureiro MALLOTUS PANICULATUS (Lam.) Muell.-Arg. in Linnaea 34 (1865) 189. Croton paniculatus Lam. Encycl. 2 (1786) 207. Mallotus cochinchinensis Lour. F. Cochinch. (1790) 635. Amboina, Hoetoemoeri road, Rel. Robins. 1723, September 30, 1913, along roadsides, altitude about 150 meters, locally known as haleky ewan. Burma to southern China and Formosa, southward to tropical Australia. MALLOTUS COLUMNARIS Warb. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 13 (1891) 349. Amboina, Amahoesoe, Rel. Robins. 1719, 1720, August, 1913, on coral limestone at low altitudes, locally known as haleky karang. Amboina and the Key and Aru Islands. HO MON Ol A Loureiro HO M ON O I A JAVENSIS (Blume) Muell.-Arg. in Linnaea 34 (1865) 200. Spathiostemon javense Blume Bijdr. (1825) 622. Mallotus eglandulosus Elm. Lead. Philip. Bot. 1 (1898) 313. Amboina, Ayer putri, Mahija, and Halong, Rel. Robins. 1717, 1718, July to September, 1913, on coral limestone, river banks, etc.; altitude, sea level to 300 meters, locally known as pita hatu. Luzon to Java and New Guinea. 284 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 MACARANGA Thouars MACARANGA ROBINSONII sp. nov. § Inermes. Arbor glabra circiter 8 m alta ; foliis chartaceis, oblongis, inte- gris, usque ad 16 cm longis, acuminatis, basi acutis vel obtusis, in pagina superiore 2-glandulosis, subtus eglandulosis, costa ciliata, nervis utrinque circiter 11, prominentibus, petiolo 2.5 ad 5.5 cm longo; paniculis ? axillaribus, tenuibus, ut videtur paucifloris, usque ad 10 cm longis, bracteis minutis, lanceolatis, integris, eglandulosis ; fructibus glabris, inermis, globosis, 4 mm diametro, 1-locellatis. A glabrous tree about 7 m high. Branches and branchlets slender, terete, reddish-brown, glabrous, or the very young parts at the tip somewhat furfuraceous-lepidote. Leaves alternate, oblong, chartaceous, 10 to 16 cm long, entire, penninerved, oliva- ceous and somewhat shining when dry, the lower surface ciliate on the midrib, otherwise glabrous, apex slenderly acuminate, base acute to blunt, rather prominently 2-glandular on the upper surface near the insertion of the petiole, the lower surface a little paler then the upper, shining, not at all glandular ; lateral nerves about 11 on each side of the midrib, slender, prominent, curved- ascending, anastomosing; petioles 2.5 to 5.5 cm long. Pistillate panicles axillary, slender, apparently few-flowered, up to 10 cm long, the bracts lanceolate, acuminate, entire, eglandular, about 1.5 mm long, the pedicels slender, about 5 mm long. Capsules globose, 5 mm in diameter, 1-celled, 1-seeded, dehiscent, glabrous or obscurely glandular. Amboina, Hitoe messen, Rel. Robins. 1721, November 5, 1913, in forests, altitude about 125 meters. A characteristic species apparently belonging in the section Inermes Pax & Hoffm., the three species placed here being from the Philippines and New Guinea. Of the three known species it is most closely allied to Mcicaranga inermis Pax & K. Hoffm. of New Guinea, from which it is distinguished by numerous characters, notably its differently shaped, nar- rower, prominently acuminate leaves, which are not glandular beneath, and its glabrous capsules. MACARANGA sp. Amboina, Way uri, Rel. Robins. 1722, September 9, 1913, on cliffs along rivers, altitude about 40 meters; locally known as picha piring puti. A characteristic species apparently belonging in the same group with, and allied to, Macaranga leytensis Merr. Unfortunately the specimen is very immature; the inflorescence is well formed, but not sufficiently de veloped to determine whether the plant is a pistillate or a staminate one. xi, c, 6 Merrill: Reliquiae Robinsonianae 285 ACALYPHA Linnaeus ACALYPHA WILKESIANA Muell.-Arg. in DC. Prodr. 1 6 5 (1866) 817. Acalypha tricolor Seem. FI. Vit. (1865-68) 225. Amboina, Rel. Robins. 1707, 1708, September, 1913, from cultivated plants, town of Amboina, locally known as ekor kuching. A native of Polynesia, now widely cultivated in many tropical countries. ACALYPHA INDICA Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 1003. Bali, Boeleleng, Rel. Robins. 2525, July 7, 1913. Widely distributed in the tropics of the Old World. ALCHORNEA Swartz ALCHORNEA RUGOSA (Lour.) Muell.-Arg. in Linnaea 34 (1865) 170. Cladodes rugosa Lour. FI. Cochinch. (1790) 704. Alchomea javensis Muell.-Arg. in Linnaea 34 (1865) 170. Amboina, Lateri, Rel. Robins. 1702, August 25, 1913, in forests, altitude about 150 meters, locally known as pita hatu. Burma through Malaya and the Philippines to New Guinea. EXCOECAR I A Linnaeus EXCOECARI A BICOLOR Hassk. Retzia 1 (1855) 158, var. VIRIDIS Pax & K. Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenreich 52 (1912) 159. Amboina, Hitoe messen, Rel. Robins. 1703, October 10, 1913, on forested limestone hills, altitude about 150 meters. Java to the Moluccas, the form with leaves reddish or purple beneath cultivated for ornamental purposes; the variety viridis Pax & K. Hoffm. in Cochin-China. EUPHORBIA Linnaeus EUPHORBIA ATOTO Forst. f. Prodr. (1786) 36. Amboina, Paso, Rel. Robins. 1705, October 29, 1913, along the seashore. Tropical sandy seashores, India to southern China through Malaya to tropical Australia and Polynesia. EUPHORBIA PROSTRATA Ait. Hort. Kew. 2 (1789) 139. Bali, Boeleleng, Rel. Robins. 2530, July 7, 1913. Widely distributed in the tropics of both hemispheres. EUPHORBIA THYM I FOLIA Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 454. Amboina, Paso, Rel. Robins. 1706, October 31, 1913, along streets. Widely distributed in the tropics of both hemispheres. ANACARDIACEAE BUCHANANIA Roxburgh BUCHANANIA AMBOINENSIS Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 4 (1868) 117. Amboina, Negri lama, Rel. Robins. 1777, September 8, 1913, on river banks, altitude about 30 meters; Hitoe messen Rel. Robins. 1776, October 286 The Philippine Journal of Science m6 3, 1913, in forests, altitude about 200 meters, locally known as hutong u tan. Known only from Amboina. HIPPOCRATEACEAE SALACIA Linnaeus SALACIA PRINOIDES (Willd.) DC. Prodr. 1 (1824) 571. Tontelea prinoides Willd. in Ges. Naturf. Fr. Neue Schr. 4 (1803) 184. Amboina, Paso, Rel. Robins. 200U, October 31, 1913, climbing over trees on the seashore. India to the Malay Archipelago and the Philippines. The Amboina specimen, cited above, is apparently this species, at least as currently interpreted. STACKHOUSIACEAE ST ACKHOUSIA Smith STACKHOUSIA INTERMEDIA F. M. Bailey in Queensl. Agr. Journ. 3: 281, forma PH I LI PPI N EN SIS Pamp. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. II 5 (1905) 1150. Amboina, Soja road, Rel. Robins. 1766, August 1, 1913, on grassy dry hillsides, altitude about 300 meters. The discovery of this species in Amboina, a characteristic Australian type, is of some interest. Doctor Robinson had previously collected it in Guimaras Island, Philippines, and wrote regarding the discovery of it in Amboina, that on the first of August he located a region that strongly resembled the place in Guimaras where he had found Stackhousia and de- liberately commenced a search for the plant, succeeding in finding it in quantity. It is inconspicuous, slender, and grows among grasses, which perhaps explains why it has not been discovered more frequently. It is known from northern Luzon and from Guimaras Island in the Philippines, from Yap Island in the Carolines, from Amboina, and from northeastern Australia, with a closely allied or identical form in Sumatra. SAPINDACEAE GUIOA Cavanilles GUIOA sp. Amboina, Gelala, Rel. Robins. 1602, September 19, 1913, on rocky hill- sides at an altitude of about 125 meters. This is indicated by Doctor Radolkofer as an undescribed species, but a diagnosis of it is not at present available. RHAMNACEAE ALPHITONIA Reissek ALPHITONIA ZIZYPHOI DES (Spr.) A. Gray Bot. Wilkes U. S. Explor. Exped. (1854) 278. Rhamnus zizyphoides Spr. FI. Hal. Mant. ^(1807) 37, Syst. 1 (1825) 768. Alphitonia excelsa Reiss, in Endl. Gen. PI. (1840) 1098. Alphitonia moluccana Teysm. & Binn. Cat. Hort. Bogor. (1866) 221. xi, c, 6 Merrill: Reliquiae Robinsonianae 287 Amboina, Hatiwe, Rel. Robins. 1773, September 15, 1915, on hillsides, altitude about 150 meters locally known as sapar. Borneo and the Philippines to northeastern Australia and Polynesia. ZIZYPHUS Linnaeus ZIZYPH US HORSFIELDII Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1 1 (1856) 643 ? Amboina, Hitoe messen, Rel. Robins. 1774, November 1, 1913, climbing over trees at an altitude of about 100 meters. The identification has been made with Miquel’s species from the published description alone, the specimens agreeing fairly well with the characters assigned to it by him. The specimen presents only immature fruits, so that the identification cannot be considered certain; Miquel’s species has been reported from Sumatra and Java. The Amboina specimen rather closely resembles the Philippine Zizyphus crebrivenosa C. B. Rob., but differs in its pubescent fruits and in its much less prominent transverse nerves which are reticulate-interrupted, not straight and continuous as in Robinson’s species. VENTILAGO Gaertner VENTILAGO FASC I C U L I FLOR A sp. nov. Frutex scandens, ramulis junioribus floribusque leviter ciliato- hirsutis exceptis glaber; foliis chartaceis, oblongo-ovatis in siccitate pallidis, nitidis, usque ad 11 cm longis, acuminatis, dis- tanter glanduloso-denticulatis, nervis utrinque circiter 5 ; floribus fasciculatis, axillaribus, pedicellatis, pedicellis calycibusque cilia- to-hirsutis, petalis latissime obovatis, late retusis, lobis patulis, rotundatis. A scandent shrub, the young branchlets, pedicels, and calyces more or less ciliate-hirsute, the hairs on the branchlets subap- pressed, those on the pedicels and calyces spreading. Branches very slender, terete, smooth, dark reddish-brown, the younger ones greenish. Leaves oblong-ovate, chartaceous, pale and shining when dry, 7 to 11 cm long, 3.5 to 5 cm wide, apex rather prominently acuminate, the acumen rather broad, apiculate, base subacute to somewhat rounded, somewhat inequilateral, margins distantly and minutely glandular-denticulate ; lateral nerves about 5 on each side of the midrib, slender, curved-ascending, distinct, the reticulations close, fine; petioles 3 to 4 mm long, glabrous. Flowers yellowish-green, about 3 mm in diameter, all in axillary fascicles, 8 to 12 flowers in a fascicle, their rather prominently ciliate-hirsute pedicels 3 to 4 mm in length. Calyx-segments triangular-ovate, acute, 1.5 mm long, externally ciliate-hirsute with scattered hairs. Petals glabrous, broadly obovate, base narrowed, apex broadly retuse, the lobes spreading, rounded, the petals wider at the apex than long. Stamens glabrous, about 1.3 mm long. Ovary glabrous; styles 2, short. Fruit not seen. 288 TVte Philippine Journal of Science me Amboina, Paso, Rel. Robins. 1818, October 31, 1913, in thickets near the beach. A species well characterized by its axillary fascicled flowers, the fascicles constantly solitary, never arranged in racemes as in most of the other species of the genus. VITACEAE LEEA Royen LEEA sp. Amboina, Hitoe lama, Mahija, and Hitoe messen, Rel. Robins. 1879, 20J+1+, August and November, 1913, on forested limestone hills, altitude 150 to 225 meters, locally known as tatahel ayer and tatahel ayoo. A robust species, 6 to 8 m high, with large compound leaves and ample leaflets, the larger leaflets up to 30 cm in length. It closely resembles the Philippine Leea negrosensis Elm., but further identification of the specimens is not possible except by comparison with authentically named specimens, as they are in fruit only. TILIACEAE GREWIA Linnaeus GREWIA ACUMINATA Juss. in Ann. Mus. Paris 4 (1805) 91, t. 1+8, f. 2. Grewia pedicellata Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 43, nomen nudum, FI. Ind. ed. 2, 2 (1832) 585. Greivia umbellata Roxb. 1. cc. 42, 591. Amboina, Eri, Rel. Robins. 1807, September 22, 1913, in thickets near the strand. This is a topotype of Grewia pedicellata Roxb., and agrees with the short original description of that species. It also agrees with the original description and figure of the older Greivia acuminata Juss., to which Hochreutiner has reduced Greivia umbellata Roxb. It is to be noted, however, that King, Journ. As. Soc. Beng 60 " (1891) 109, retains Grewia umbellata Roxb. as a distinct species, limiting it to the Malay Peninsula (it was originally described from Sumatran material), and does not con- sider it to be identical with the Amboinese Grewia pedicellata Roxb. Abund- ant material available here from various pai'ts of the Malay Archipelago and the Philippines leads me to suspect that Grewia acuminata, G. pedi- cellata Roxb., and G. umbellata Roxb. are all forms of the same species. GREWIA CERAMENSIS Boerl. ex Hochr. PI. Bogor. Exsicc. (1904) 30. Amboina, Wae, Rel. Robins. 1805, in light forests, altitude about 20 meters; locally known as sokolat utan, that is, wild chocolate. Previously known only from Ceram, and from specimens cultivated in the botanic garden at Buitenzorg, Java. TRICHOSPERMUM Blume TRICHOSPERMUM QUADRIVALVE sp. nov. Arbor parva, ramulis petiolisque dense ferrugineo stellato- pubescentibus ; foliis subcoriaceis, oblongo-ovatis, usque ad 24 cm longis, supra parce, subtus densissime pallide stellato-pubes- centibus, acuminatis, basi profunde cordatis, aequilateralibus vel xi, c, 6 Merrill: Reliquiae Robinsonianae 289 leviter inaequilateralibus, nervis utrinque 7 vel 8, prominentibus, margine serrato-crenulatis ; inflorescentiis axillaribus, subcorym- bosis, circiter 8 cm longis; floribus 5-meris; fructibus circiter 8 mm longis, obovoideis, 4-angulatis, 4-valvis, extus dense ciliatis. A small tree about 7 m high, the branches, branchlets, lower surface of the leaves, and the inflorescence prominently and for the most part densely stellate-pubescent. Branches terete, densely puberulent, the indumentum on the ultimate branchlets and petioles ferruginous. Leaves subcoriaceous, oblong-ovate, equilateral or slightly inequilateral at the base. 16 to 24 cm long, 6 to 12 cm wide, the upper surface rather dark-olivaceous when dry, densely stellate-pubescent with pale hairs on the midrib and nerves and with short scattered hairs on the reticulations and surface, the lower surface densely and uniformly stellate- pubescent with short hairs, the lower surface pale-gray in color, base prominently cordate, the lobes broad, rounded, sinus rather narrow, apex acuminate, margins rather closely serrate-crenu- late ; lateral nerves 7 or 8 on each side of the midrib, prominent, the primary reticulations subparallel, prominent, the base with two pairs of nerves, the lower and outer pair much shorter than the inner ones; petioles 1.5 to 2 cm long. Inflorescence axillary, solitary, in fruit up to 8 cm long, densely stellate-puberulent or pubescent with grayish-olivaceous hairs, paniculate. Flowers 5- merous. Sepals lanceolate, thick, blunt, 5 to 5.5 mm long, outside densely stellate-puberulent with grayish hairs, inside very spar- ingly pubescent. Petals oblong-spatulate, about 4 mm long, glabrous except at the ciliate base, rounded, membranaceous. Capsules obovoid, about 8 mm long, 4-angled, 4-valved, 4-celled, apiculate, the valves externally densely ciliate with rather soft, subappressed, shining, rather pale hairs. Seeds ovoid, inequi- lateral, subacute, about 1.2 mm long, rather densely covered with long, soft, copious, white or pale hairs which are attached near the base and along the inner angles. Amboina, near the town of Amboina, Rel. Robins. 1808, in ravines, al- titude about 50 meters, October 27, 1913, locally known as morong puti. The alliance of this species is manifestly with the Philippine Tricho- spermum trivalve Merr., from which, however, it differs in many characters, notably in its pale indumentum on the lower surface of the leaves, its equilateral or nearly equilateral leaves, and its 4-valved, 4-celled capsules. Doctor Robinson has suggested on the field label that it may possibly be Restiaria nigra Rumph., Herb. Amb. 3: 188, which I have placed under Columbia subobovata Hochr., and there are certain points in Rumphius’s description that favor this disposition of Restiaria nigra. However, the fruit and especially the seed characters indicated by Rumphius certainly do not apply to rrichospermum. Continued field work in Amboina may 143577 2 290 T/ie Philippine Journal of Science 1916 throw additional light on the exact status of Restiaria nigra, but from the evidence and data at present available it seems best to consider it under Columbia subobovata Hochr. TRIUMFETTA Linnaeus TRIUMFETTA REPENS (Blume) Merr. & Rolfe in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) 111. Porpa repens Blume Bijdr. (1825) 198. Triumfetta radicans Boj. in Ann. Sci. Nat. II 20 (1843) 103; Gagnep. in Not. Syst. 1 (1910) 172. Triumfetta subpalmata Soland. ex Hemsl. in Journ. Bot. 28 (1890) 2, t. 293, f. 1. Amboina, Hitoe lama, Rel. Robins. 1806, November 5, 1913, on sandy beaches. Madagascar, the Seychelles, Borneo, Java, the Philippines, Keeling Islands, small islands in the Gulf of Siam, and those off the northeastern coast of Australia. MALVACEAE HIBISCUS Linnaeus HIBISCUS VITIFOLIUS Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 696. Boeton, Baoe baoe, Rel. Robins. 2478, July 23, 1913. India and Ceylon to tropical Australia. HIBISCUS SCHIZOPETALUS Hook. f. in Curt. Bot. Mag. t. 6524. Amboina, cultivated, Rel. Robins. 2006, August 9, 1913. A native of tropical Africa, now cultivated in most tropical countries. SI DA Linnaeus SIDA JAVENSIS Cav. Diss. 5 (1788) 10, t. 134, f. 2. Boeton, Baoe baoe, Rel. Robins. 2482, July 13, 1913. Bali, Boeleleng, Rel. Robins, 2517, July 7, 1913. Widely distributed in the tropics of the Old World. SIDA CORYLIFOLIA Wall. Cat. (1829) no. 1865. Boeton, Baoe baoe, Rel. Robins. 2479, July 13, 1913. Burma, Indo-China, the Philippines, Java, and Madura. SIDA RHOM Bl FOLIA Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 684. Amboina, Lateri, Rel. Robins. 1695, August, 1913, along roadsides. Bali, Boeleleng, Rel. Robins. 2438, July 7, 1913. Tropics of the World. STERCULIACEAE MELOCHIA Linnaeus M ELOCHIA CONCATENATA Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 675. Melochia corchorifolia Linn. 1. c. Amboina, Batoe gadjah, Rel Robins. 1764, August 1, 1913, in open grassy places, altitude about 50 meters. The Linnean specific name concatenata has page priority over corchori- folia, the latter, however, being the universally used name for this common xi, c, 6 Merrill: Reliquiae Robinsonianae 291 and widely distributed species. Melochia concatenata Linn, was primarily based on FI. Zeyl. 247, the actual specimen being identical with Melochia corchorifolia Linn. Common and widely distributed in all tropical countries. MELOCHIA PYRAM I DATA Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 674. Boeton, Baoe baoe, Rel. Robins. 2494, July 13, 1913. A native of tropical America, now widely distributed in the tropics of both hemispheres. DILLENIACEAE SAURAUIA Willdenow SAURAUI A TRISTYLA DC. in Mem. Soc. Phys. Genev. 1 (1822) 433, t. 7. Amboina, Lateri, Rel. Robins. 1857, September 5, 1913, in thin forests, altitude about 20 meters; Batoe merah River, Rel. Robins. 1856, September 24, 1913, on cliffs near the river, altitude about 50 meters. Originally described from Amboina and known only from this island. OCHNACEAE SCHUURMAMSIA Blume SC HUURMANSIA ELEGANS Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 1 (1850) 177, /. 32. Amboina, Hatalai, Rel. Robins. 2036, October 24, 1913, in light forest at an altitude of about 325 meters. The type of the species was from Amboina, and Hallier8 also reports it from Celebes. Doctor Robinson has suggested on the field label that it may possibly be the plant described by Rumphius as Ligum muscosum, Herb. Amb. 3: 203, but Rumphius’s description of the inflorescence, flowers, and fruits certainly does not apply to Schuurmansia. The genus extends from Luzon to New Guinea, comprising nine species — two in Luzon; two in Amboina, of which one extends to Celebes; one in Ternate and Halmaheira; and four in New Guinea. The Bornean Schuurmansia angustifolia Hook, f., has been made the type of a distinct genus, Schuurmansiella, by Hallier. THEACEAE EURYA Thunberg EURYA TRICHOCARPA Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. (1839-42) 114, nomen nudum; Blume FI. Ind. Bat. 2 (1856) 115. Amboina, Hatiwe, Rel. Robins. 1804, September 15, 1913, in thickets, altitude about 250 meters, locally known as rumput bulu. This species was described from Amboina material, and the specimen cited above agrees closely with the description so far as it is comparable; the flowers are young, and no fruits are present. It closely resembles the polymorphous species known as Eurya acuminata DC., and doubtless would be included in that species as interpreted by Dyer in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 1 (1874) 285. The short-apiculate sepals are, however, characteristic, while the fruit is described by Blume as somewhat pubescent. Recuiel Trav. Bot. Neerl. 10 (1913) 346. 292 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 EURYA NITIDA Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. (1839-42) 115, t. 17, f. 1-2. Amboina, Hitoe messen, Rel. Robins. 1803, October 18, 1913, in forests, altitude about 475 meters. The specimen agrees quite closely with the description and with numerous specimens of what is supposed to be Eurya nitida Korth. from the Malay Peninsula and Java, except that the sepals are slightly apiculate. A critical revision of the genus may show that the specimen cited above is really distinct. It has been sunk in Eurya japonica Thunb. by some botanists, and by Dyer, in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 1 (1874) 284, it is treated as Eurya japonica Thunb. var. nitida (Korth.) Dyer. GUTTIFERAE GARCINIA Linnaeus GARCINIA sp. Amboina, Hitoe lama, Rel. Robins. 1781, November 6, 1913, in forests, altitude about 75 meters, locally known as mangostan utan. The specimen has young flowers and is scarcely in condition for accurate identification. It very strongly resembles Garcinia dulcis Kurz, but the branchets and branches are terete, not at all angled, while the leaves have numerous scattered glands on the lower surface distinctly visible to the naked eye. Perhaps an undescribed species. VIOLACEAE RINOREA Aublet RINOREA AMBOINENSIS sp. nov. § Prothesia. Frutex circiter 1.5 m altus, ramulis junioribus inflorescen- tiisque leviter adpresse pubescentibus exceptis glaber; foliis chartaceis, oblongis ad oblongo-ellipticis, integris, usque ad 33 cm longis, nervis utrinque circiter 16, prominentibus, apice longissime acuminatis, basi leviter inaequilateralibus, acutis ad subrotundatis et leviter decurrento-acuminatis ; cymis axillari- bus, circiter 2 cm longis, paucifloris, sepalis oblongo-ovatis, cir- citer 3.5 mm longis, acutis; staminibus inclusis, liberis, appen- dicis late ovatis; ovario hirsuto. A shrub about 1.5 m high, glabrous except the slightly pu- bescent branchlets and the appressed-pubescent inflorescences. Branches terete, brownish, glabrous, the branchlets minutely puberulent. Leaves oblong to oblong-elliptic, entire, charta- ceous, shining, pale-olivaceous when dry, up to 33 cm long and 12 cm wide, gradually narrowed above to the long-acuminate apex, the acumen stout, acute or apiculate, base slightly inequi- lateral, acute to somewhat rounded and more or less decurrent- acuminate; lateral nerves about 16 on each side of the midrib, prominent, the reticulations subparallel, distinct; petioles 1.5 to 2 cm long. Cymes axillary, appressed-pubescent, about 2 xi, c, 6 Merrill: Reliquiae Robinsonianae 293 cm long, rather few-flowered, the pedicels 3 to 5 mm long. Sepals oblong-ovate, acute, sparingly appressed-pubescent, about 3.5 mm long. Petals oblong, narrowed to the base and to the acute apex, at anthesis about as long as the sepals, slightly accrescent, glabrous, or the exposed median portion of the back slightly appressed-pubescent. Stamens free, about 2 mm long, the fila- ments very short, the appendages to the connectives brown, broadly ovate, acute or subacute, 1 mm long. Ovary densely pale- hirsute ; style slender, glabrous, about 1.7 mm long. Amboina, Hoetoemoeri road, Rel. Robins. 1669, September 30, 1913, on forested hillsides, altitude about 250 meters. A species similar, and manifestly very closely allied, to the Philippine species Rinorea acuminata Merr., from which it is distinguished by its puberulent, not villous branchlets; its differently shaped, less pubescent sepals; and acute or subacute, ovate connective-appendages. FLACOURTIACEAE FLACOURTIA L’ Heritier FLACOURTIA INERMIS Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 73, nomen nudum, FI. Ind. ed. 2, 3 (1832) 833. Amboina, Ayer putri, and near the town of Amboina, Rel. Robins. 1726, July, 1913, with flowers and mature fruits, locally known as tomi tomi. Roxburgh’s species was based on specimens cultivated in the botanical garden at Calcutta, originating in the Moluccas, probably, or at least possibly, from Amboina. The specimen cited above agrees with the original description in all respects and with specimens from cultivated plants in the botanical garden at Buitenzorg, Java, one of which came from the Calcutta garden. It somewhat resembles Flacourtia rukam Z. & M., but is distinguished by having perfect flowers. CASE A R I A Jaoquin CASEARIA GLABRA Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 33, nomen nudum, FI. Ind. ed. 2, 2 (1832) 421. Casearia moluccana Blume Mus. Bot. 1 (1850) 255. Amboina, Amahoesoe, Hitoe lama, and Batoe merah, Rel. Robins. 172k, August, 1914, in ravines and thin forests, altitude 10 to 50 meters; Koeda mati, Rel. Robins. 1700, September 3, 1913, in light woods, altitude 20 meters, locally known as belu itam tuni. Both Casearia glabra Roxb. and C. moluccana Blume were described from Amboina material, or at least Roxburgh’s material was from the Moluccas, probably from Amboina. It is possible that two distinct species are represented, and if Casearia moluccana Blume should prove to be distinct from the very inadequately described Casearia glabra Roxb., prob- ably our specimens should go with Blume’s name. The species is very closely allied to the Philippine Casearia fuliginosa Blanco, which, however, has distinctly pubescent sepals, the Amboina form having quite glabrous sepals. 294 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 PASSIFLORACEAE PASSI FLORA Linnaeus PASSI FLORA MOLUCCANA Blume Bijdr. (1826) 938, Rumphia 1 (1835) 169, t. 15. Amboina Mahija, Rel. Robins. 1659, October 3, 1913, climbing over trees at an altitude of about 275 meters; Gelala, Rel. Robins. 1661, August 25, 1913, in thickets, altitude about 5 meters. A species originally described from specimens collected in Ternate, and known from a few localities in the Moluccas. PASSIFLORA FOETIDA Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 959. Amboina, waste places on the beach near Castle Victoria, Rel. Robins. 1660, November 13, 1913, locally known as pepinyo utan babulu. A native of tropical America, now introduced and naturalized in many other tropical countries. BEGONIACEAE BEGONIA Linnaeus BEGONIA cf. B. aptera Blume Enum. PI. Jav. (1827) 97. Amboina, Kati-kati, Rel. Robins. 1 778, October 7, 1913, on limestone rocks at an altitude of about 70 meters. A coarse erect plant attaining a height of nearly 1 m, the stout stems about 1 cm in diameter when dry. It apparently belongs in the same group with the Philippine Begonia pseudolateralis Warb., but the material is inadequate to warrant a more definite determination of it, there being no fruits on the specimens. BEGONIA sp. Amboina, Koesoekoesoe sereh and Soja, Rel. Robins. 2518, August, 1913, terrestrial, rarely on rocks, altitude 200 to 400 meters. BEGONIA sp. Amboina, cultivated in the town of Amboina, Rel Robins. 1779, September 25, 1913, a single imperfect specimen inadequate for further identification. THYMELAEACEAE PHALERIA Jack PHALERI A A M BOI N ENSIS sp. nov. Frutex glaber, eirciter 4 m altus; foliis firme chartaceis vel subcoriaceis, ellipticis ad late oblongo-ellipticis, petiolatis, usque ad 23 cm longis, obtusis vel brevissime lateque acuminatis, basi acutis, nervis primariis utrinque 12 ad 15 ; inflorescentiis termi- nalibus, pedunculatis, capitatis, pedunculis eirciter 1 cm longis, f asciculatis ; floribus numerosis, eirciter 2.5 cm longis, extus glabris, laciniis intus puberulis. A shrub about 4 m high, glabrous except portions of the in- florescence. Branches terete, stout, smooth, reddish-brown, the xi, c, 6 Merrill: Reliquiae Robinsonianae 295 ultimate branchlets similar in appearance but more or less com- pressed at the nodes. Leaves firmly chartaceous to subcoria- ceous, elliptic to broadly elliptic-oblong, 15 to 23 cm long, 7 to 10 cm wide, base acute, apex obtuse to shortly and broadly blunt- acuminate, pale-olivaceous and shining when dry ; primary lateral nerves 12 to 15 on each side of the midrib, irregular, distinct, anastomosing, the secondary nerves also rather prominent, retic- ulations lax; petioles stout, up to 1 cm in length. Inflorescence terminal, of few, fascicled, peduncled, rather many-flowered heads, the peduncles usually two or three at the apex of each branchlet, stout, up to 1 cm in length, each bearing 20 or more sessile flowers, the involucral bracts lanceolate to oblong, some- what acuminate, 9 to 13 cm long, somewhat puberulent toward the apex. Flowers white, about 2.5 cm long, slender, the tube glabrous, the lobes rather densely puberulent inside. Ovary narrowly ovoid, rather densely appressed-hirsute in the upper part. Fruit broadly ovoid, very slightly compressed, subacute, 2-celled, about 12 mm long and wide, glabrous. Amboina, Paso and Batoe merah River, Rel. Robins. 1802, September, 1913, in thickets and along the river, altitude 5 to 60 meters. The genus Phaleria seems to be well developed in the Malay Archipelago, but from the material available for comparison and the published descrip- tions, I cannot definitely refer this Amboina plant to any previously de- scribed species. LYTHRACEAE ROTALA Linnaeus ROTALA INDICA (Willd.) Koehne in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 1 (1880) 172. Peplis indica Willd. Sp. PI. 2 (1799) 244. Celebes, Macassar, Rel. Robins. 21+56, July 11, 1913. India to China and Japan, the Philippines, Java, and Celebes. AMMANNIA Linnaeus AMMANNIA BACCIFERA Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 120. Celebes, Macassar, Rel. Robins. 21+62, July 11, 1913. Bali, Boeleleng, Rel. Robins. 2539, July 7, 1913. Tropical Asia and Malaya. LECYTHIDACEAE BARRINGTONIA Forster BARRINGTON I A ACUMINATA Korth. in Nederl. Kruidk. Arch. 1 (1848) 206? Amboina, Hoetoemoeri road, Rel. Robins. 2012, September 30, 1913, in forests, altitude about 350 meters. The specimen presents imperfect flowers and no fruits, so that its identity with Korthal’s species is somewhat doubtful. The type of the species was from Borneo, and the Amboina specimen agrees well with the 296 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 description so far as the specimen and the description are comparable. The same species, or a very closely allied one, is represented by Foxworthy 129 from Sarawak, Borneo, and “V A 9” cultivated in the botanic garden at Buitenzorg, Java, from Amboina, under the name Barringtonia rubra Blume. It is characterized especially by its spicate inflorescence and long petioles. RHIZOPHORACEAE BRUGU I ERA Lamarck BRUGUIERA PARVIFLORA (Roxb.) W. & A. Prodr. (1834) 311. Rhizophora parviflora Roxb. FI. Ind. 2 (1824) 416, ed. 2, 2 (1832) 461. Amboina, Ayer putri, Rel. Robins. 1772, July 28, 1913, along tidal streams. Tidal forests, India to the Malay Archipelago. I cannot connect this characteristic and strongly marked species with any form described by Rumphius. COMBRETACEAE LUMNITZERA Willdenow LUMNITZERA LITTOREA (Jack) Voigt Hort. Suburb. Calcut. (1756) 39. Pyrrhanthus littoreus Jack in Malay Miscel. 2 (1822) 57. Laguncularia purpurea Gaudich Bot. Freyc. Voy. (1826) 481, t. 10J+. Lumnitzera pedicellata Presl Rel. Haenk. 2 (1831) 23. Lumnitzera coccinea W. & A. Prodr. (1834) 316. Amboina, Paso, Rel. Robins. 1833, October 31, 1913, along the beach. Along the seashore, India to tropical Australia and Polynesia. LUMNITZERA RACEMOSA Willd. in Ges. Natur. Fr. Neue Schr. 4 (1803) 187. Amboina, Paso, Rel. Robins. 1832, October 31, 1913, along the beach. Along the seashore, tropical Africa, Asia, Malaya, Australia, and Polynesia. MYTACEAE EUGENIA Linnaeus EUGENIA MOLUCCANA nom. nov. Eugenia acuminata Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 37, nomen nudum, FI. Ind. ed. 2, 2 (1832) 492, non Link. Syzygium acuminatum Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I1 (1855) 452. Amboina, Hitoe messen, Rel. Robins. 201+7, October 18, 1913, in forests, altitude about 400 meters: This species was first described from specimens originating in the Moluccas and cultivated in the botanic garden at Calcutta. It is well figured by Wight, Ic. 2: t. 607. EUGENIA BOERLAGEI sp. nov. § Jambosa. Frutex circiter 3 m altus, glaber, ramis ramulisque rubro- brunneis, tenuis, teretibus, laevis; foliis brevissime petiolatis, chartaceis, subellipticis, usque ad 12 cm longis, utrinque subae- qualiter angustatis, basi acutis, apice late obtuse acuminatis, xi, c, 6 Merrill: Reliquiae Robinsonianae 297 nervis utrinque circiter 10, tenuis, distinctis, anastomosan- tibus ; inflorescentiis lateralibus terminalibusque, tenuis, 3-floris, circiter 6 cm longis, floribus longissime pedicellatis, calycis cir- citer 7 mm diametro, basi longe angustatis; petalis glanduloso- punctatis, subreniformibus, circiter 6 mm diametro. An erect entirely glabrous shrub about 3 m high, the branches and branchlets slender, terete, reddish-brown, smooth, the bark on the older branches somewhat flaky. Leaves chartaceous, sub- elliptic, 7 to 10 cm long, 3 to 6 cm wide, subequally narrowed to the acute base and to the short and obtusely acuminate apex, brownish-olivaceous when dry, somewhat shining, the lower sur- face minutely and rather densely pustulate or pustulate-punc- ticulate; lateral nerves about 10 on each side of the midrib, slender, distinct, irregular, nearly straight, anastomosing into a somewhat arcuate marginal nerve about 5 mm from the edge of the leaf, this nerve as prominent as the lateral ones, a secondary, much fainter intramarginal nerve usually present, the reticula- tions faint ; petioles about 1 mm long. Inflorescences 3-flowered, terminating the branchlets and springing from the old branches or trunk, about 6 cm long, the peduncles slender, about 3 cm long, the pedicels and flowers about as long as the peduncles. Flowers white, the calyx about 1.5 cm long, 7 mm in diameter at the throat, narrowly funnel-shaped, narrowed below into a long slender pseudostalk, the lobes 4, reniform, rounded, glandular- punctate, 3 mm long, 6 mm wide, persistent. Petals free, sub- reniform, glandular-punctate, about 6 mm in diameter. Stamens about 10 mm long. Amboina, Liang, Rel. Robins. 1872, November 29, 1913, in thickets at an altitude of about 8 meters, locally known as jambu karang. A species well characterized by its lateral and terminal, slender, 3- flowei’ed inflorescences, its long pedicels, and long, narrowed calyx-tube, which, with the sepals and petals is glandular-punctate. The species is dedicated to the late Doctor J. G. Boerlage who contracted a fever while carrying on a botanical exploration of Amboina in the year 1900, which resulted in his untimely death. EUGENIA sp. § Jambosa. Amboina, Wae, Rel. Robins. 1871, November 29, 1913, in light forests, altitude about 20 meters, locally known as kayu mera karang. The specimen presents only very young flowers and is scarcely in con- dition for further identification except by comparison with authentically named specimens. EUGENIA sp. § Jambosa. Amboina, Way tommo, Rel. Robins. 1873, along river banks, altitude about 50 meters, the specimen with detached fruits. Not in condition for further identification. 298 The Philippine Journal of Science iois MELASTOMATACEAE DISSOCHAETA Blume DISSOCHAETA ROBINSONII sp. nov. § Diplostemones. Frutex scandens, ramulis inflorescentiisque densissime brun- neo-stellato-tomentosis ; foliis oblongo-ovatis, acute acuminatis, tenuiter apiculatis, basi late rotundatis, chartaceis, usque ad 10 cm longis, supra glabris, nitidis, subtus brunneo-stellato-tomen- tosis, basi 5-nerviis; paniculis anguste pyramidatis, circiter 10 cm longis, bracteolis lineari-lanceolatis, circiter 5 mm longis; calycis circiter 11 mm longis, 6 mm diametro, deorsum gradatim angustatis, haud urceolatis, extus densissime brunneo-stellato- tomentosis pilisque paucis simplicibus instructis, lobis 4, obtusis, circiter 1.5 mm longis; petalis circiter 15 mm longis, obovatis, retusis, utrinque glabris. A scandent shrub, the branchlets and inflorescence very densely covered with a dark-brown stellate indumentum, as are the pe- tioles, and to a less degree the branches and lower surface of the leaves. Branches and branchlets terete. Leaves chartaceous, oblong-ovate, 8 to 10 cm long, 4 to 5 cm wide, apex slenderly acumi- nate and with a very slender apiculus, base broadly rounded, prom- inently 5-nerved, the upper surface smooth, shining, glabrous, greenish when dry, the lower brown, the nerves and nervules densely stellate-pubescent, darker than the surface which is sup- plied with similar scattered hairs ; transverse nervules numerous, prominent, straight ; petioles about 1 cm long. Panicles terminal, narrowly pyramidal, about 10 cm long, the bracteoles linear- lanceolate, about 5 mm long. Calyx-tube about 11 mm long, 6 mm in diameter at the apex, gradually narrowed below to the cuneate base, the pedicels 3 to 4 mm long, all parts very densely stellate- pubescent with dark-brown hairs, and with few, scattered, much longer, simple hairs intermixed, the lobes 4, very broad, obtuse, about 1.5 mm long. Petals 4, obovate, about 1.5 cm long, 1 cm wide, apex broadly rounded and retuse, base narrowed, acute, glabrous on both surfaces, white, the base and margins lilac. Stamens 8, the longer four with filaments 11 mm in length and anthers about 15 mm long, the latter somewhat S-shaped, linear, acuminate, the appendages filiform, flexuous, about 11 mm long. Amboina, Hitoe messen, Rel. Robins. 202U, November 5, 1913, climbing' on trees at an altitude of about 100 meters. The alliance of this species is with Dissochaeta annulata Hook, f., from which it differs in numerous characters Among these are the thinner, somewhat smaller leaves; the apparently much denser indumentum; the xx, c, 6 Merrill: Reliquiae Robinsonianae 299 calyx-tube with scattered, elongated, simple hairs in addition to the stellate ones; the shorter calyx-teeth; and the entirely glabrous petals. Doctor Robinson states that the short stamens are uniformly yellow or yellowish, and that the longer ones have yellow filaments and basal parts of the anthers, but that the tips of the anthers are pale-lilac. MEMECYLON Linnaeus MEMECYLON COSTATUM Miq. Anal. Bot. Ind. 1 (1850) 29, ex descr. Amboina, Gelala, Rel. Robins. 2020, September 19, 1913, on rocky stream banks, altitude about 150 meters. Java, Sumatra, and Borneo. MEDIN1LLA Gaudichaud M EDI N I LLA sp. Amboina, Salahoetoe, Rel. Robins. 2022, November 27, 1913, in forests at the summit of the mountain, altitude 1,020 meters. The specimen presents immature fruits and no flowers and is scarcely in condition for further determination except by comparison with authenti- cally named specimens. OSBECKI A Linnaeus OSBECKI A CHINENSIS Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 345. Amboina, Soja road, Rel. Robins. 2023, August 1, 1913, common on grassy hillsides, altitude 50 to 300 meters. India to Japan southward to tropical Australia. PTERNANDRA Jack PTERNANDRA CAERULESCENS Jack Malay Misc. 2 (1822) 61, var. CYANEA (Blume) Cogn. in DC. Monog. Phan. 7 (1891) 1104. Ewyckia cyanea Blume in Flora 14 (1831) 525, Rumphia 1 (1835) 24, t. 8. Amboina, Mahija and Hoetoemoeri road, Rel. Robins. 2025, 2026, August 12 and September 30, 1913, in light forests, altitude 150 to 450 meters. Tenasserim, Indo-China, and the Malay Peninsula. The type of Ewyc- kia cyanea Blume was from Amboina. OENOTHERACEAE JUSSIEU A Linnaeus JUSSIEUA REPENS Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 388. Amboina, Rel. Robins. 1801, August 23, 1913, in ditches near the town of Amboina. Tropics of both hemispheres. JUSSIEUA LINIFOLIA Vahl Eclog. Amer. 2 (1798) 32. Amboina, Rel. Robins. 1800, July 25, 1913, in wet places near the town of Amboina. Widely distributed in the tropics of both hemispheres, probably a native of tropical America. 300 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 UMBELLIFERAE HYDROCOTYLE Linnaeus HYDROCOTYLE SI BTHORPOI DES Lam. Encycl. 3 (1789) 153. Hydrocotyle nitidula A. Rich, in Ann. Sci. Phys. 4 (1820) 200, t. 63, f. S3. Hydrocotyle rotundifolia Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 21, nomen nudum, FI. Ind. ed. 2, 2 (1832) 88. Amboina, Roetoeng, Rel. Robins. 1793, September 30, 1913, on earth and stones at low altitudes, locally known as kaki kuda. The specimen is apparently exactly the form described by Roxburgh as Hydrocotyle rotundifolia from specimens found in cultivated ground in the botanic garden at Calcutta. I can see no reason, however, why the much older name Hydrocotyle sibthorpoides Lam. should not be adopted, as Lamarck’s description certainly applies to the same form. His type was from the Isle of France; the species is of very wide distribution in the Indo-Malayan region. MYRSINACEAE MAESA Forskal MAESA ROBINSONII sp. nov. Frutex scandens novellis parce ferrugineo-lepidotis exceptis glaber, omnibus partibus in siccitate brunneis, ramis teretibus, lenticellatis ; foliis subcoriaceis, ellipticis, integris, margine rev- olutis, usque ad 10 cm longis, apice obtusis ad rotundatis, basi leviter inaequilateralibus, subacutis, nervis utrinque circiter 5, subtus prominentibus, reticulis obscuris ; petiolo 2 ad 3 cm longo ; inflorescentiis axillaribus, paniculatis, usque ad 9 cm longis, e basi ramosis, ramis paucis, patulis ; floribus sessilibus, 5-meris, sepalis petalisque haud lineatis, omnino glabris. A scandent shrub entirely glabrous, except the very young parts, which are more or less ferruginous-lepidote. All parts brown when dry. Branches and branchlets terete, the former prominently lenticellate. Leaves subcoriaceous, elliptic, entire, shining, the lower surface paler then the upper, 7 to 10 cm long, 3.5 to 5.5 cm wide, apex obtuse to broadly rounded, base acute or subacute, slightly inequilateral, margins revolute; lateral nerves about 5 on each side of the midrib, prominent on the lower surface, the reticulations obscure ; petioles 2 to 3 cm long. Pan- icles axillary, solitary, pyramidal, up to 9 cm in length, branched from the base, the branches rather few, spreading, the lower ones up to 4 cm in length, the upper gradually shorter. Flowers numerous, sessile, 5-merous, pink. Bracteoles two, triangular- ovate, acute, 0.5 mm long. Calyx-lobes ovate, acute, entirely glabrous, not punctate, about 0.7 mm long. Petals united for XI, C, 6 Merrill: Reliquiae Robinsonianae 301 about the lower one-fifth, oblong-elliptic, obtuse or rounded, about 1.5 mm long, not punctate. Anthers oblong, about 0.8 mm long, inserted near the base of the corolla. Ovary ovoid, small, the style rather stout; ovules few. Fruit immature, ovoid, 2 mm long. Amboina, Hitoe messen, Rel. Robins. 1880 (type), November 1, 1913, climbing in trees at an altitude of about 200 meters. Apparently referable here is Rel. Robins. 1881, from the same locality, November 5, 1913, the leaves broadly elliptic to obovate-elliptic, 8 to 10 cm long and 5 to 8 cm wide. A very characteristic species, readily recognizable by its elliptic, entire, obtuse to broadly rounded leaves, its axillary many flowered panicles and sessile flowers. Following Mez’s key it falls near Maesa coriacea (A. DC.) Mez, but it is totally different from that species, and perhaps should be placed near Maesa sarasenii Mez. The ovules are apparently few in num- ber, so that the species is somewhat anomalous in the section Eumaesa. MAESA RUBIGINOSA Blume ex Scheff. Comm. Myrsin. Archip. Ind. (1867) 26. Amboina, Amahoesoe, Rel. Robins. 1876 , September 16, 1913, hanging over cliffs at an altitude of 40 meters. Originally described from specimens cultivated in the botanic garden at Buitenzorg, Java, originating in Amboina. The species is well charac- terized by its few-flowered inflorescences, these sometimes reduced to few-flowered fascicles or the uppermost flowers sometimes solitary. ARDISIA Swartz ARD1SIA AM BOI N ENSIS Scheff. Comm. Myrsin. Archip. Ind. (1867) 75. Amboina, Hitoe messen and Hitoe lama, Rel. Robins. 1883, 188U, October 11 and 13, 1913, in forests, altitude 125 to 200 meters. Ardisia amboinensis Scheff. is known only from Amboina. Mez “ has placed it in the section Stylardisia, but judging from our material, in full anthesis, I would place it in the section Acr ardisia, as the styles are shorter than the petals in bud ; Mez does not describe the flowers, having apparently seen only a fruiting specimen. The specimens cited above agree very closely with his description and I am confident that they represent Scheffer’s species. ARDISIA RUMPHII sp. nov. § Pimelandra. Arbor circiter 5 m alta ramulis junioribus inflorescentiisque ferrugineo-pubescentibus exceptis glabra; foliis chartaceis, ob- longis, usque ad 37 cm longis, obscure obtuse acuminatis, basi leviter abrupteque decurrento-acuminatis, integris, nitidis, sub- tus puncticulatis, nervis primariis utrinque circiter 16, subtus prominentibus, curvatis, obscure anastomosantibus ; inflorescen- tiis axillaribus, corymboso-paniculatis, submultifloris, dense 10 Engl. Pflanzenreich 9 (1902) 110. 302 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 ferrugineo-pubescentibus, quam petiolo paullo longioribus; flori- bus parvis, sepalis leviter connatis; ovario ferrugineo-tomen- toso. A tree about 5 m high, the branchlets and inflorescences, es- pecially the latter, densely ferruginous-pubescent. Branches te- rete, brown, the branchlets dark-brown, sometimes pubescent, sometimes almost or entirely glabrous. Leaves oblong, charta- ceous, entire, pale olivaceous-brownish, shining, 22 to 37 cm long, 8 to 10 cm wide, narrowed upward to the obscurely blunt-acumi- nate apex, the base rather abruptly decurrent-acuminate, some- times more or less rounded and then somewhat decurrent, the lower surface prominently puncticulate with numerous small glands ; primary lateral nerves about 16 on each side of the mid- rib, prominent on the lower surface, curved, anastomosing, the intermediate secondary nerves distinct; petioles 1.5 to 2 cm long. Inflorescences axillary, corymoose-paniculate, 3 to 3.5 cm long, densely ferruginous-pubescent, branched from the base, the lower branches up to 2 cm in length, the flowers numerous, subumbellately arranged near the tips of the branchlets, their pedicels stout, 2 to 2.3 mm long, the bracteoles linear, pubescent, 1.5 to 2 mm long. Buds globose, rounded. Sepals oblong-ovate, obtuse, puncticulate, pubescent, margins obscurely ciliate, about 1.5 mm long, free nearly to the base. Corolla about 1.5 mm in diameter in anthesis, the lobes elliptic-ovate, punctate, 2.5 mm long, obtuse. Anthers about 1.8 mm long, apiculate, the con- nective very obscurely punctate. Ovary globose, ferruginous- pubescent; style glabrous, 1.5 to 2 mm long. Amboina, Wae, Rel. Robins. 1875, November 29, 1913, in light forests, altitude about 20 meters. A species closely allied to Ardisia ternatensis Scheff., differing, however, in its longer and relatively narrower leaves, which are more or less decurrent on the petioles, shorter petioles, and somewhat longer inflorescences. CONAMDRIUM Mez CONANDRIUM RH YNCHOCARPU M (Scheff.) Mez in Engl. Pflanzenreich 9 (1902) 156. Ardisia rhynchocarpa Scheff. Comm. Myrsin. Archip. Ind. (1867) 68. Amboina, Paso, Rel. Robins. 1882, October 29, 1913, along the seashore. A tree about 4 m high, with red-purple flowers. Mez’s description was apparently drawn up from immature specimens. The tips of the racemes bear numerous, short-pedicelled, crowded buds, and the bracteoles are early deciduous. The racemes are axillary, solitary, simple, up to 23 cm in length, and the pedicels of the lower flowers attain a length of about 2 cm. The nearly mature petals are about 6 mm long. The species is known only from Amboina. xi, c, 6 Merrill: Reliquiae Robinsonianae 303 PLUMBACINACEAE PLUMBAGO Linnaeus PLUMBAGO ZEYLANICA Linn. Sp. PL (1753) 151. Boeton, Baoebaoe, Rel. Robins. 2b92, July 13, 1913. Widely distributed in the tropics of the Old World. SAPOTACEAE SIDEROXYLON Linnaeus SIDEROXYLON sp. aff. attenuatum A. DC. Amboina, Wae, Rel. Robins. 1817, November 26, 1913, along the sea- shore, locally known as bung a tanjong. This is possibly included in the description of Lignum eurinum Rumph. Herb. Amb. 3: 63, t. 35, but is not the form figured by Rumphius. In Lignum eurinum the leaves are acuminate to acute, but in the specimen cited above they are obovate, the apex broadly rounded. It is probably specifically distinct from Sideroxylon attenuatum A. DC., but unfortunately the flowers are very immature. EBENACEAE MABA Forster MABA ROSTRATA sp. nov. § Rhipido stigma.. Arbor parva, monoica, usque ad 10 m alta, ramulis junioribus subtus foliis ad costa inflorescentiisque pubescentibus ; foliis ob- longis, firme chartaceis vel subcoriaceis, nitidis, usque ad 23 cm longis, apice breviter obtuse acuminatis, basi cordatis, nervis utrinque circiter 13, prominentibus ; inflorescentiis cymosis, axillaribus et e axillis defoliatis ; fioribus 3-meris, staminibus 9 ; ovario 6-locu!are; fructibus oblongo-ellipsoideis, utrinque angus- tatis, apice prominente rostratis, usque ad 4.5 cm longis, extus verruculosis, in siccitate brunneis, sursum leviter adpresse hirsutis. A small tree attaining a height of 10 m and a diameter of 12 cm. Branches reddish-brown, glabrous, the branchlets rather densely subcinereous-pubescent with short hairs. Leaves oblong, firmly chartaceous to subcoriaceous, 9 to 23 cm long, 4 to 7 cm wide, apex shortly, broadly, and obtusely acuminate, base cor- date, rarely merely rounded, the upper surface quite glabrous, dark-brown or somewhat olivaceous-brown when dry, shining, the lower surface a little paler, pubescent on the midrib, often also sparingly pubescent on the nerves; lateral nerves about 13 on each side of the midrib, prominent, anastomosing, the reticulations lax ; petioles about 5 mm long, pubescent, ultimately nearly glabrous. Cymes axillary and in the axils of fallen leaves, staminate and pistillate ones on the same plant, or sometimes 304 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 apparently on different plants. Staminate cymes densely pub- escent, 1 to 2 cm long, peduncled or branched from the base, flowers numerous, but few opening at one time. Pedicels about 1 mm long. Calyx densely pubescent, about 3 mm long, the lobes 3, oblong-ovate, acuminate, 1 to 1.5 mm long, not imbricate. Corolla-tube (in bud) about 7 mm long, rather slender, pubes- cent, somewhat angled, the lobes, before anthesis, about 6 mm long. Stamens 9, sub 2-seriate, inserted near the base of the tube, the filaments and anthers glabrous, the former 1 to 2 mm long, the latter about 1.5 mm long, slenderly apiculate. Female flowers not seen, the cymes apparently few-flowered, axillary, their peduncles in fruit up to 3 cm in length. Sepals three, per- sistent, ovate, acute, about 4 mm long. Fruit oblong-ellipsoid, narrowed at both ends, about 4.5 cm long, 2 cm in diameter in the middle, the pericarp brown when dry, verruculose, the apical part sparingly appressed-pubescent, the apex prominently ros- trate, the beak stout, less than 1 cm long, 6-celled, 6-seeded. Seeds about 2.5 cm long. Amboina, Hitoe lama, Rel. Robins. 1853 (type), October 11, 1913, in forest, altitude about 150 meters; Lateri, Rel. Robins. 1670, 2039, September 9 and August 25, 1913, in forest, altitude 150 to 200 meters; locally known as palala daun alas, pala ulan, belu itam, and daun gayam. A species manifestly closely allied to the Bornean Maba punctata Hiern, from which it is distinguished especially by its very differently shaped, prominently rostrate fruits, its longer staminate, and much longer pistillate inflorescences, and other minor characters. SYMPLOCACEAE SYMPLOCOS Jacquin SYMPLOCOS SYRINGOIDES Brand in Engl. Pflanzenreich 6 (1901) 41. Amboina, Soja road, Rel. Robins. 1927, 1928, August 1 and 4, 1913, a shrub 3 to 5 m high, on hill sides, altitude 50 to 100 meters; locally known as kayu loba and kayu reha. Known only from Amboina, and very closely allied to the widely dis- tributed Symplocos javanica (Bl.) Kurz, which is also reported by Brand from Amboina. OLEACEAE J ASM I N U M Linnaeus J ASM I N U M ZIPPEL1ANUM Blume Mus. Bot. 1 (1850) 279. Amboina, Wae, Rel. Robins. 1797, November 29, 1913, on trees at an altitude of about 20 meters. Known only from Amboina. J ASM 1 N U M AMBOINENSE sp. nov. Frutex scandens, ramulis junioribus inflorescentiisque distincte pubescentibus ; foliis oppositis, simplicibus, firme chartaceis vel xx. c, 6 Merrill: Reliquiae Robinsonianae 305 subcoriaceis, oblongo-ovatis ad late ovato-lanceolatis, glabris, tenuiter acute acuminatis, basi rotundatis ad subacutis, peniner- viis, usque ad 11 cm longis, nervis utrinque circiter 7, petiolo articulato; inflorescentiis terminalibus, paniculatis, multifloris, calycis laciniis 6 ad 8, haud 1 mm longis. A scandent shrub, the leaves and branches glabrous, the young branchlets and inflorescence, including the calyces, distinctly pub- escent with short, rather pale hairs. Branches and branchlets dark reddish-brown when dry, smooth, not lenticellate, terete. Leaves opposite, firmly chartaceous to subcoriaceous, oblong- ovate to broadly ovate-lanceolate, 6 to 11 cm long, 3 to 5 cm wide, dull and brownish-olivaceous when dry, gradually narrowed up- ward to the slender and sharply acuminate apex, the base rounded to subacute ; nerves about 7 on each side of the midrib, distinct, obscurely anastomosing, not impressed, the reticulations lax, obscure; petioles glabrous, 8 to 10 mm long, jointed below the middle. Panicles terminal, pubescent, rather many-flowered, the bracteoles and bracts pubescent, acicular or linear, 1 to 2 mm long, partial inflorescences in the axils of the upper reduced leaves, forming a somewhat leafy inflorescence 8 to 10 cm in length. Calyx-tube somewhat funnel-shaped, 2 to 3 mm long, pubescent, narrowed below to the pedicel, the teeth 6 to 8, short, narrow, pubescent, less than 1 mm long. Amboina, Hitoe messen, Rel. Robins. 2032, October 10, 1913, climbing on trees at an altitude of about 150 meters. This species, apparently not previously described, resembles Jasminum bifarium Wall, in general appearance and in its vegetative characters. It is distinguished, however, by its very short calyx teeth. JASMINUM CELEBICUM sp. nov. Frutex ut videtur scandens, glaber vel ramulis junioribus minute puberulis; foliis oppositis, simplicibus, firme chartaceis, oblongo-ovatis ad late oblongo-lanceolatis, usque ad 7 cm longis, tenuiter acute acuminatis, basi acutis ad rotundatis, nervis utrin- que circiter 7, tenuibus; inflorescentiis terminalibus axillaribus- que, paucifloris, pedunculatis, calycis lobis 6 ad 8, linearis, glabris, circiter 6 mm longis, quam tubo triplo longioribus. A shrub, apparently scandent, quite glabrous except for some of the younger branchlets, which are minutely puberulent. Branches and branchlets slender, terete, brownish or brownish- red. Leaves simple, opposite, firmly chartaceous, brownish- olivaceous or very dark-brown when dry, dull or slightly shining, 4 to 7 cm long, 2 to 3 cm wide, base rounded to subacute, apex slenderly and sharply acuminate ; lateral nerves about 7 on each side of the midrib, slender, obscurely anastomosing, the reticu- 143577 3 306 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 lations obsolete or nearly so; petioles 3 to 5 mm long, jointed below the middle. Inflorescence terminal and terminating short lateral branches, or in the axils of the upper leaves, slender, peduncled, few-flowered, usually about three flowers in each in- florescence, the peduncle often supplied with a few, oblong, apic- ulate, greatly reduced leaves or leaf-like bracts less than 1 cm long, the bracteoles very slender, linear-acicular, 2 to 3 mm long. Calyx-tube glabrous, cup-shaped, about 2 mm long, the teeth 6 to 8, linear, glabrous, persistent, about 6 mm long. Corolla-tube 7 to 8 mm long. Celebes, Macassar, Rel. Robins. 2450, July 11, 1913. Perhaps as closely allied to Jasminum ensatum Blume as to any other species, but the petioles, peduncles, and calyces quite glabrous; the leaves much smaller; and the calyx-lobes relatively much longer. LINOC1ERA Swartz LI NOCI ERA RAM I FLORA (Roxb.) Wall. Cat. (1831) No. 2824. Chionanthus ramiflora Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 3, nomen nudum, FI. Ind. ed. 2, 1 (1832) 107. Amboina, Liang, Rel. Robins. 17.98, November 29, 1913, in thickets at an altitude of about 15 meters. Chionanthus ramiflora Roxb. was described from specimens cultivated in the botanic garden at Calcutta originating in the Moluccas, probably Amboina. The typical form is also cultivated in the botanic garden at Buitenzorg, Java, from specimens originating in Amboina. I have a series of specimens before me from Burma, Indo-China, various parts of Malaya, the Philippines, and tropical Australia, that I unhesitatingly refer to this species. The Philippine forms, Linociera luzonica (Blume) F.-Vill., and L. cumingiana Vid. must both certainly be reduced to this widely distributed species. LOGANIACEAE STRYCHNOS Linnaeus STRYCHNOS sp. Amboina, Hitoe messen, Rel. Robins. 2029, October 13, 1913, in forests, altitude about 200 meters. Indicated by Mr. A. W. Hill as an undescribed species. FAGRAEA Thunberg FAGRAEA SPECIOSA Blume Rumphia 2 (1836) 35, t. 81. Cyrtophyllum speciosum Blume Bijdr. (1826) 1022. Fagraea elliptica Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 84, nomen nudum, FI. Ind. ed. 2, 1 (1832) 462. Amboina, Koesoekoesoe sereh and Mahiya, Rel. Robins. 2037, October, 1913, in light forests, altitude 200 to 250 meters, locally known as tonki tonki. Fagraea speciosa Blume is here adopted as the oldest valid specific name for this species, the original use of the name Fagraea elliptica Roxb. being as a nomen nudum. Miquel, FI. Ind. Bat. 2 (1857) 376 reduced Blume’s XI, C, 6 Merrill: Reliquiae Robinsonianae 307 species, which is fully described and excellently figured, to Fagraea elliptica Roxb. The Amboina specimens certainly represent Roxburgh’s species, which was originally described from Moluccan material, probably from Amboina specimens. The description, which is wholly inadequate, follows: “Leaves opposite, short-petioled, broad-elliptic, smooth, and firm. Corymbs terminal, more than super-decompound. Tube of the corol cylindric. A native of the Moluccas.” Java and Amboina. BUDDELI A Houstoun BU DDLEI A ASIATICA Lour. FI. Cochinch. (1790) 72. Amboina, Koesoekoesoe sereh, Rel. Robins. 2031, August 23, 1913. Widely distributed in the Indo-Malayan region. MITREOLA Linnaeus MITREOLA PETIOLATA (Walt.) Torr. & Gray FI. North. Am. 2 (1846) 45. Anonymos petiolata Walt. FI. Carol. (1788) 108. Ophiorrhiza mitreola Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 150. Mitreola paniculata Wall. Cat. (1829) no. 1826; DC. Prodr. 9 (1845) 9. Mitreola' oldenlandioides Wall. Cat. (1831) no. 4350; DC. Prodr. 9 (1845) 9. Amboina, Silali, Rel. Robins. 2038, September 22, 1913, on coral rocks, altitude about 40 meters. The form is the one designated by Hochreutiner as Cynoctonum mi- treola (Linn.) Britt, var. orthocarpa Hochr. in Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 6 (1910) 284, i. e. strictly Mitreola oldenlandioides Wall. The species is exceedingly variable, and is widely distributed in the tropics of both hemispheres. GENIOSTOMA Forster GENIOSTOM A sp. Amboina, Hatiwe, Rel. Robins. 203 U, September 15, 1913, a small tree, about 5 m high, in light forests, altitude about 250 meters, locally known as kayu tai. Probably an undescribed species, but the specimen presents no flowers, only very old fruits. The only species of the genus previously reported from Amboina is Geniostoma moluccanum Valeton in Bull. Inst. Bot. Buitenz. 12 (1902) 19, which, from the description, is a species entirely different from the one represented by the specimen cited above. CONVOLVULACEAE LEPISTEMON Blume LEPISTEMON Bl NECTAR I FERUM (Wall.) O. Kuntze Rev. Gen. PI. 1 (1891) 446. Convolvulus binectariferus Wall, in Roxb. FI. Ind. 2 (1820) 47. Lepistemon flavescens Blume Bijdr. (1825) 722. Amboina, Kati-kati, Rel. Robins. 1762, October 5, 1913, in thickets, altitude about 80 meters. India to the Philippines and Malaya at least as far to the southeast as Amboina. 308 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 PORANIA Burmann PORANIA VOLUBILIS Burm. FI. Ind. (1768) 61, t. 21, f. 1. Amboina, Rel. Robins. 1821 , September 25, 1913, from specimens culti- vated in the town of Amboina; probably an introduced plant here. Burma to the Philippines and Malaya. EVOLVULUS Linnaeus EVOLVULUS ALSINOIDES Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 2 (1762) 292. Amboina, Soja road, Rel. Robins. 1820, in open grassy places, altitude 150 to 300 meters. Tropics of both hemispheres. M ERR EM I A Dennstaedt MERREMIA VITI FOLIA (Burm.) Hallier f. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 16 (1893) 552. Convolvulus vitifolius Burm. FI. Ind. (1768) 45, t. 18, f. 1. Amboina, Kati-kati, Rel. Robins. 1826, October 19, 1913, in thickets at an altitude of about 70 meters. Southeastern Asia to the Philippines and Malaya. MERREMIA HASTATA (Desr.) Hallier f. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 16 (1893) 552. Convolvulus hastatxis Desr. in Lam. Encycl. 3 (1791) 547. Amboina, Batoe gad j ah, Rel. Robins. 182i, August 5, 1913, in grassy places at an altitude of 150 meters. Tropical Africa and Asia through Malaya to tropical Australia. IPOMOEA Linnaeus IPOMOEA PANICULATUS (Linn.) R. Br. Prodr. (1810) 486. Convolvulus paniculatus Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 156. Ipomoea digitata Linn. Syst. ed. 10 (1759) 924. Amboina, Paso, Rel. Robins. 1823, November 25, 1913, in thickets along roadsides near sea level. Tropics of both hemispheres. IPOMOEA TRILOBA Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 161. Amboina, near the town of Amboina along the beach, Rel. Robins. 1825, August 22, 1913. A native of tropical America, introduced into the Philippines at an early date from Mexico and now found throughout the Archipelago; also in the Marianne Islands, Java, Mauritius, Singapore, and perhaps in various other parts of Malaya. IPOMOEA OBSCURA (Linn.) Ker. in Bot. Reg. t. 239. Convolvulus obscurus Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 2 (1762) 220. Boeton, Baoe baoe, Rel. Robins. 2^18, July 13, 1913. India to Malaya, the Mascarene Islands and tropical East Africa. IPOMOEA sp. Boeton, Baoe baoe, along the beach, Rel. Robins. 2477, July 13, 1913. xi, c, 6 Merrill: Reliquiae Robinsonianae 309 ERYCIBE Roxburgh ERYCIBE LATERIFLORA Elm. Leaf!. Philip. Bot. 5 (1913) 1767. Amboina, Hitoe lama, Rel. Robins. 1822, November 6, 1913, in forests at an altitude of about 75 meters. Previously known only from Palawan, Philippine Islands. BORAGINACEAE EHRETIA Linnaeus EHRETIA M ICROPH YLLA Lam. 111. 1 (1791-97) 425. Ehretia btixifolia Roxb. PI. Coromandel. 1 (1795) 42, t. 57. Amboina, from cultivated (?) plants in the town of Amboina, Rel. Robins. 1850, September 13, 1913, locally known as te. India to Malaya and the Marianne Islands. HELIOTROPIUM Linnaeus HELIOTROPIUM INDICUM Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 130. Amboina, in the town of Amboina about houses, Rel. Robins. 1851, Nov- ember 21, 1913. Widely distributed in the tropics of the Old World. TOURNEFORTIA Linnaeus TOURNEFORTIA SARMENTOSA Lam. 111. 1 (1791-97) 416. Amboina, Liang, Rel. Robins. 1852, November 29, 1913, climbing over trees at low altitudes. Mauritius, Java, Timor, and the Philippines. The Amboina plant seems to be specifically identical with the Philip- pines form that Gagnepain, Not. Syst. 3 (1914) 33, states is identical with Lamarck’s type, which was from Mauritius. VERBENACEAE GEUNSIA Blume GEUNSIA PENTANDRA (Roxb.) comb. nov. Callicarpa pentandra Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 83, nomen nudum, FI. Ind. ed. 2, 1 (1832) 395. Geunsia hookeri Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 7 (1912) Bot. 342. Amboina, Soja, Rel. Robins. 1860, October 24, 1913, in light forests at an altitude of about 300 meters; Koesoekoesoe sereh, Rel. Robins. 1861, October 3, 1913, in light forests at an altitude of about 275 meters. Callicarpa pentandra Roxb. was very inadequately described, the original description being as follows: “10. C. pentandra R. Shrubby, tender parts mealy. Leaves opposite, with an alternate one between, oblong, entire, cuspidate. Corymbs axillary. Flowers pentandrous. Stigma from three to four-lobed. A native of the Moluccas.” It has been reduced to Geunsia farinosa Blume, but the Amboina specimens do not agree with those from Java and the Malay Peninsula. I consider that the specimens cited above represent exactly the same species that I recently described from Philippine material as Geunsia hookeri, and accordingly have adopted Roxburgh’s specific name for it in place of the more recent Geunsia hookeri Merr. So far this particular species is known only from the Philippines and Amboina. 310 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 STACHYTARPHETA Vahl STACHYTARPHETA JAMAICENSIS (Linn.) Vahl Enum. 1 (1805) 206. Verbena jamaicensis Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 19. Stachytarpheta indica Vahl Enum. 1 (1805) 206. Amboina, Rel. Robins. 1868, August 20, 1913, near the town of Am- boina, very common, locally known as biana blau. Bali, Boeleleng, Rel. Robins. 252b, July 7, 1913. A native of tropical America, now found in all tropical countries. STACHYTARPHETA MUTABILIS (Jacq.) Vahl Enum. 1 (1805) 209. Verbena mutabilis Jacq. Coll. 2 (1788) 334. Amboina, Batoe batoe, Rel. Robins. 1869, August 25, 1913, along road- sides. A native of tropical America, now found in India, Java, Queensland, and tropical Africa. LIPPI A Linnaeus LIPPI A NODI FLORA (Linn.) Rich, in Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2 (1803) 15. Verbena nodiflora Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 20. Amboina, Rel. Robins. 1863, September 13, 1913, in waste places about the town of Amboina. A native of tropical America, now widely distributed in all tropical countries. VITEX Linnaeus VITEX PUNCTATA Schauer in DC. Prodr. 11 (1847) 687. Vitex hollrungii Warb. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. IS (1893) 208. Amboina, Paso, Rel. Robbis. 1867, November 25, 1913, near the beach, almost among the mangrove trees. The type of Vitex punctata Schauer was from the Moluccas, and the Amboina specimen cited above agress perfectly with the description. Vitex hollrungii Warb., of New Guinea, of which a fragment of the type collection is before me, impresses me as being identical with the Amboina material, and the species is accordingly reduced to the much older Vitex punctata Schauer. CLERODENDRON Linnaeus CLERODENDRON MAC ROST EGIUM Schauer in DC. Prodr. 11 (1847) 666. Amboina, Halong, Rel. Robins. 186b, September 26, 1913, in forests at an altitude of about 250 meters. I cannot distinguish this from the common Luzon and Mindoro form, and believe that it represents the same species. It has already been re- ported from Ceram by Miquel in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. 3 (1867) 253. CLERODENDRON SERRATUM (Linn.) Spreng. Syst. 2 (1825) 758. Volkameria serrata Linn. Mant. 1 (1767) 90. Celebes, Macassar, Rel. Robins. 2b63, July 13, 1913. India to Java. CLERODENDRON THOMSONAE Balf. in Edinb. New Philos. Journ. N. S. 15 (1862) 233. Amboina, Rel. Robins. 1866, September 13, 1913, from cultivated plants in the town of Amboina. xi. c. 6 Merrill: Reliquiae Robinsonianae 311 A native of tropical Africa, now widely cultivated in most tropical countries for ornamental purposes. LANTANA Linnaeus LANTANA CAMARA Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 627. Amboina, Paso, Rel. Robins. 1865, October 31, 1913, along the beach, rare. Bali, Boeleleng, Rel. Robins. 2516 , July 7, 1913. A native of tropical America, now found in most tropical countries. AVICENNIA Linnaeus AVICENNIA ALBA Blume Bijdr. (1826) 821 var. ACU M I N ATISSI M A var. nov. A type differt foliis angustioribus, longissime tenuiterque acute acuminatis. The leaves are lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, 7 to 10 cm long, 1 to 2 cm wide, subequally narrowed at both ends, the apex very long and slenderly subcaudate-acuminate, when young minutely and densely cinereous-puberulent on the lower surface, when mature, quite glabrous. Amboina, Liang, Rel. Robins. 1862, November 29, 1913, along the beach, locally known as brappat and as mangi mangi. This peculiar form, which is apparently no more than a variety of Avicennia alba Blume, although strongly characterized by its narrow, very slenderly and sharply acuminate, ultimately quite glabrous leaves, is cer- tainly not included by Rumphius in his description of Mangium album ( Avicennia officinalis Linn.) LABIATAE HYPTIS Jacquin HYPTIS CAPITATA Jacq. Ic. PI. Rar. 1 (1781-86) t. 1U. Amboina, Rel, Robins. 2002, August 23, 1913, in a sago swamp near the town of Amboina. A native of tropical America, introduced into the Marianne Islands and into the Philippines from Mexico at an early date, now also found in Java, but not previously reported from the Moluccas. HYPTIS BREVIPES Poir. in Ann. Mus. Paris 7 (1806) 465. Celebes, Macassar, Rel. Robins. 2U57, July 11, 1913. A native of tropical America, now widely distributed in the tropics of both hemispheres. HYPTIS SUAVEOLENS (Linn.) Poir. in Ann. Mus. Paris 7 (1806) 472, t. 29, f. 2. Ballota suaveolens Linn. Syst. ed. 10 (1759) 1100. Amboina, Gelala, Rel. Robins. 2003, August 15, 1913, in waste places. Like the preceding species a native of tropical America, now widely distributed in the tropics of both hemispheres. COLEUS Loureiro COLEUS sp. Celebes, Macassar, Rel. Robins. 2h61, July 11, 1913. 312 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 SCROPHULARIACEAE STRIGA Loureiro STRIGA MULTIFLORA Benth. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1 (1835) 363. Amboina, Soeli, Rel. Robins. 1769, in grass lands at an altitute of about 20 meters, the flowers pink. Philippines, Moluccas, and tropical Australia. ADENOSMA R. Brown ADENOSMA JAVANICUM (Blume) comb. nov. Herpestis javanica Blume Bijdr. (1826) 748. Herpestis ovata Benth. Scroph. Ind. (1835) 30. Adenosma ovatum Benth. in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2 (1884) 263. Ambotna, Batoe merah River, Rel. Robins. 1771, September 24, 1913, on clay banks at an altitude of about 120 meters. Indo-China, the Philippines, and the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. TORENIA Linnaeus TORENIA PEDUNCULAR IS Benth. in Wall. Cat. (1831) no. 3956; Hook, f. FI. Brit. Ind. 4 (1884) 276. Amboina, Batoe merah, Rel. Robins. 1770, July 20, 1913, in rocky soil, altitude 5 to 15 meters. Boeton, Baoe baoe, Rel. Robins. 2U87, July 13, 1913. Malay Peninsula and Indo-China to the Philippines, and the Moluccas. LINDERNIA Allioni LINDERNIA PUSILLA (Thunb.) comb. nov. Selago pusilla Thunb. Prodr. PI. Cap. (1794-1800) 99. Gratiola pusilla Willd. Sp. PI. 1 (1797) 105. Vandellia scabra Benth. Scroph. Ind. (1835) 36. Vandellia pusilla Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 7 (1912) Bot. 246. Amboina, Rel. Robins. 1768, near the town of Amboina in grassy places near streams at low altitudes. Tropical Asia and Malaya. SCOPARI A Linnaeus SCOPARI A DULCIS Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 116. Bali, Boeleleng, Rel. Robins. 2528, July 7, 1913. A native of tropical America, now widely distributed in all tropical countries. BIGNONIACEAE CRESCENTIA Linnaeus CRESCENT! A CUJETE Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 626. Amboina, cultivated in the town of Amboina, Rel. Robins. 1780, August 12, 1913. The calabash tree is a native of tropical America, but is now widely distributed in various other tropical countries in cultivation; probably of comparatively recent introduction in Amboina. xi, c, 6 Merrill: Reliquiae Robinsonianae 313 GESNERIACEAE RHYNCHOGLOSSUM Blume RHYNCHOGLOSSUM OBLIQUUM Blume Bijdr. (1826) 741. Amboina, Mahiya, Rel. Robins. 1729, August 12, 1913, on limestone rocks at an altitude of about 300 meters. Burma through Malaya and the Philippines to Timor and Amboina, with a variety in India. EPITHEMA Blume EPiTHEMA BRUNONIS Dene. var. LON Gl P ETIOLATU M var. nov. A typo differt foliis majoribus, usque ad 12 cm longis, in- ferioribus longe petiolatis, petiolo 7 ad 10 cm longo. The leaves are equilateral or nearly so, broadly subtruncate- rounded to shallowly cordate at the base. The lower petioles attain a maximum length of 10 cm, those of the upper leaves shorter, rarely as short as 1.5 cm. Amboina, Halong, Rel. Robins. 1727, September 26, 1913, on limestone rocks at an altitude of from 50 to 100 meters, flowers pale blue. TRICHOSPORUM Blume TRICHOSPORUM AMBOINENSE sp. nov. § Holocalyx. Frutex scandens inflorescentiis exceptis glaber ; foliis breviter petiolatis, crasse coriaceis, in siccitate pallidis, ovatis ad elliptico- ovatis, 3 ad 4 cm longis, obtusis ad brevissime late acuminatis, basi rotundatis vel leviter cordatis; inflorescentiis axillaribus, solitariis vel binis, breviter pedunculatis subtrifloris, parce pubescentibus ; calycis cylindraceis, subtruncatis, late breviter denticulatis, extus parce pubescentibus, 8 ad 10 mm longis; corolla coccinea, sursum gradatim ampliata, circiter 3 cm longa, extus parce pilosa, tubo leviter curvato; capsulis 8 ad 17 cm longis, circiter 3 mm diametro. Amboina, Mahiya, Rel. Robins. 1728, August 12, 1913, hanging over rocks at an altitude of about 300 meters; locally known as manumpang. The alliance of this species is manifestly with Trichosporum ( Aeschy - nanthus) volubile (Jack) Nees, from which it differs in its somewhat smaller leaves; shorter, pubescent calyx; and distinctly longer corolla. ACANTHACEAE JUSTICIA Linnaeus JUSTIC1 A PROCUMBENS Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 15. Rostellularia procumbens Nees in Wall. PI. As. Rar. 3 (1833) 101, DC. Prodr. 11 (1857) 371. Bali, Boeleleng, Rel. Robins. 2527, July 7, 1913. Widely distributed in the tropics of the Old World. 314 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 R (JELL I A Linnaeus RUELLIA FLAGELLIFORMIS Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 95, nomen nudum, FI. Ind. ed. 2, 2 (1832) 47. Amboina, Paso, Rel. Robins. 1790, October 31, 1913, near the seashore. A species originally and very imperfectly described from specimens originating in the Moluccas, possibly in Amboina. The excellent specimens here referred to Roxburgh’s species agree perfectly with the description so far as it goes, and unquestionably represent it. HYPOESTES R. Brown HYPOESTES LAXI FLORA Nees in DC. Prodr. 11 (1857) 508. Amboina, Rel. Robins. 1789, September 25, 1913, in Rumphius’s garden, town of Amboina, locally known as bunga burong. Java and the Philippines to tropical Australia. Closely allied to Hypo- estes malaccensis Wight, and H. decaisneana Nees. The Amboina specimen is a close match for Philippine material, Cuming 1019, cited by Nees in the original description of Hypoestes laxiflora Nees. ERANTHEMUM Linnaeus ERANTHEMUM sp. Amboina, Rel. Robins. 1791, September 25, 1913, a cultivated shrub, collected in the town of Amboina. PERISTROPH E Nees PERISTROPHE COMMUTATA Nees in DC. Prodr. 11 (1857) 497. Justicia bivalvis Roxb. FI. Ind. ed. 2, 1 (1832) 42, non Linn. Amboina, Rel. Robins. 2542, July 22, 1913, along the river bank in the vicinity of the town of Amboina, locally known as daun mariaya. Peristrophe commutata Nees was based wholly on Roxburgh’s description of Justicia bivalvis, the latter being based on specimens from the Moluccas, in all probability from Amboina. The description, although short and very incomplete, applies unmistakably to the specimen cited above, which is distinguished from Peristrophe bivalvis (Linn.) Merr. ( P . tinctoria Nees) by its much narrower, lanceolate leaves, and its much narrower, linear- lanceolate bracts. LEPIDAGATHiS Willdenow LEPIDAGATHIS ROBINSONII sp. nov. Herba erecta, simplex vel parce ramosa, circiter 70 cm alta, inflorescentiis leviter ciliatis exceptis glabra; foliis submem- branaceis, in siccitate olivaceis, ovatis ad oblongo-ovatis, usque ad 14 cm longis, leviter undulatis, acuminatis, basi subabrupte decurrento-acuminatis, nervis utrinque 5 vel 6; spicis termina- libus, brevibus, solitariis vel trinis, circiter 2 cm longis, in sicci- tate brunneis, bracteis bracteolisque subsimilis, circiter 10 mm longis, tenuiter acutissime acuminatis, parce ciliatis ; calycis seg- ments 5, omnibus liberis, valde inaequimagnis, superioribus et inferioribus circiter 9 mm longis, lateralibus lineari-lanceolatis, 6 ad 7 mm longis, leviter ciliatis. xi, c, 6 Merrill: Reliquiae Robinsonianae 315 An erect, simple or sparingly branched, nearly glabrous herb about 70 cm high, the older parts of the stem terete, the younger parts 4-angled, brown, with numerous small cystoliths similar to those on both surfaces of the leaves. Leaves submembra- naceous, olivaceous and slightly shining when dry, glabrous, ovate, rarely oblong-ovate, entire or obscurely undulate, 8 to 14 cm long, 3.5 to 7 cm wide, gradually narrowed from about the lower one-third to the acuminate apex, the base rather abruptly decurrent-acuminate; lateral nerves 5 or 6 on each side of the midrib, rather prominent, curved; petioles 1.5 to 4 cm long. Spikes terminal, solitary, sometimes in pairs or in threes, brown when dry, dense, oblong-ovoid, about 2 cm long, scarcely secund. Bracts and bracteoles similar, sparingly but promi- nently ciliate on the margins above, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, long and slenderly acuminate, the acumen very sharp and apiculate, the bracts about 10 mm long and 3 to 3.2 mm wide, the bracteoles slightly smaller. Calyx 5-parted, the lobes free or nearly so, the upper one lanceolate, 9 mm long and 2 mm wide, the two lower ones free, linear-lanceolate, as long as the upper one and about 1 mm wide, the two lateral ones linear, 1 mm wide or less below, 6 to 7 mm long, much narrowed upward, all more or less ciliate, and very slenderly and sharply acuminate. Amboina, Koesoekoesoe sereh and Soja, Rel. Robins. 1785, August, 1913, in forests, altitude 200 to 400 meters. A species perhaps as closely allied to Lepidagathis capitata O. Kuntze as to any other species ; well characterized, however, by its shoi’t, brown spikes ; its rather large, long-petioled, peculiarly shaped leaves; its sparingly ciliate bracts and bracteoles; and its very unequal calyx-segments, the two lower ones being free or at least only very slightly united, the two lateral ones being narrower, and much shorter than the other three. PSEUDERANTHEMUM Radlkofer PSEUDERANTHEMUM DEPAUPERATUM sp. nov. Planta erecta, simplex vel parcissime ramosa, herbacea e basi suffruticosa, 10 ad 25 cm alta, partibus junioribus inflorescent- iisque minute pubescentibus ; foliis membranaceis vel chartaceis, ovatis ad oblongo-ovatis, 3 ad 6 cm longis, obscure acuminatis ad obtusis, nervis utrinque circiter 5; inflorescentiis terminalibus, racemosis vel anguste et depauperato-paniculatis ; floribus albis, circiter 1.5 cm longis, sepalis linearis, acuminatis, 3 ad 6 mm longis. An erect, simple or sparingly branched herbaceous plant from a suffrutescent base, 10 to 25 cm high, nearly glabrous except the rather minutely pubescent younger parts and inflorescence. Suffrutescent parts of the stems terete, smooth, shining straw- 316 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 colored, the herbaceous parts subolivaceous. Leaves ovate to oblong-ovate, chartaceous or submembranaceous, 3 to 6 cm long, 1 to 2.5 cm wide, acuminate to obtuse, base usually rather abruptly decurrent-acuminate, the cystoliths minute, numerous on both surfaces; lateral nerves about 5, slender, distinct; petioles about 1 cm long. Inflorescence, terminal, racemose, or a narrow, de- pauperate panicle, up to 10 cm in length, pubescent, the flowers white, rather scattered, solitary, or the lower ones few and on very short branches. Pedicels 1 to 2 mm long, pubescent, the bracts very small, oblong, less than 1 mm long. Calyx cleft nearly or quite to the base into five, linear, acuminate, 3 to 4 mm long, equal segments, rather minutely pubescent. Corolla- tube about 1.5 cm long, slender, cylindric, the lobes 5, spreading, two somewhat larger than the other three, elliptic, rounded, 4 to 5.5 mm wide, 7 to 8 mm long. Stamens 2; anthers slightly exserted, 2-celled, cells contiguous, rounded, base acute, the pollen typical “spangenpollen.” Capsules 1 to 1.4 cm long. Seeds 4, flattened, foveolate, rounded, nearly 3 mm long. Amboina, Halong, on limestone rocks, Batoe merah, and near the town of Amboina, Rel. Robins. 1792 (type) August and September, 1913, altitude 5 to 50 meters. The same form is represented by Merrill 5346 from Palmas Island, southeast of Mindanao, a small islet belonging to the Dutch East Indies, not to the Philippines. A species well characterized by its small size, suffrutescent basal parts, and slightly pubescent inflorescences which are terminal, racemose or depauperate-paniculate, and its comparatively small leaves. THUNBERGIA Retzius THUNBERGIA GRANDIFLORA Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 45, FI. Ind. ed. 2, 3 (1832) 34, Spreng. Syst. 2 (1825) 828. Flemingia grandiflora Roxb. ex Rottl. in Ges. Naturf. Fr. Neue Schr. 4 (1803) 202. Amboina, Rel. Robins. 1786, September 16, 1913, in hedges, town of Amboina, September 16, 1913. A native of India, now widely cultivated in various tropical countries. THUNBERGIA A LATA Bojer in Hook. Exot. FI. (1823-27) t. 177. Amboina, Rel. Robins. 1788, July 22, 1913, along river banks, town of Amboina, locally known as bunga tikus. A native of tropical Africa, now widely distributed in the tropics of both hemispheres. SAN CHEZ I A Ruiz and Pa von SANCHEZIA NOBILIS Hook. f. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. t. 5594. Amboina, Rel. Robins. 1787, July 25, 1913, along small streams in a sago swamp near the town of Amboina. A native of South America, probably of recent introduction into Amboina from Java, where it is cultivated as an ornamental plant. xi, c, 6 Merrill: Reliquiae Robinsonianae 317 ASYST ASIA Blume ASYSTASIA GANGETICA (Linn.) T. And. in Thwaites Enum. PI. Zeyl. (1859-64) 235. Justicia gangetica Linn. Cent. PI. 2 (1756) 3, Amoen. Acad. 4 (1759) 299. Asystasia coromandelica Nees in Wall. PI. As. Rar. 3 (1832) 89. Amboina, Rel. Robins. 178b, July and August, 1913, along river banks near the town of Amboina. A native of tropical Asia, now widely distributed in the tropics of the Old World, probably largely distributed as an ornamental plant, but readily establishing itself. CUCURBITACEAE M ELOTHRIA Linnaeus MELOTHRIA MUCRONATA (Blume) Cogn. in DC. Monog. Phan. 3 (1881) 608. Bryonia mucronata Blume Bijdr. (1826) 923. Amboina, Soja, Rel. Robins. 1870, October 24, 1913, in light woods, altitude about 225 meters. India to Formosa, southward to Java, Borneo, Celebes, and Amboina. CAMPANULACEAE 'ISOTOMA Lindley ISOTOMA LONGI FLORA (Mill.) Presl Prodr. Lobel. (1836) 42. Rapuntium longiflorum Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8 (1768) no. 7. Amboina, Rel. Robins. 18b8, July 29, 1913, in drains along fence rows in the town of Amboina. A native of tropical America, now widely distributed in many other tropical countries, cultivated and spontaneous. PRAT I A Gaudichaud PRATIA OVATA Elm. Lead. Philip. Bot. 2 (1909) 593. Amboina, Kati-kati, Rel. Robins. 18b7, October 19, 1913, in a wet meadow at an altitude of about 70 meters. Known from a number of localities in the Philippines, from northern Luzon to southern Mindanao, but not previously reported from any region outside of the Philippines. It may prove to be a species of Lobelia when the mature fruits are known. GOODENIACEAE SCAEVOLA Linnaeus SCAEVOLA OPPOSITI FOLIA Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 85, nomen nudum, FI. Ind. ed. 2, 1 (1832) 528. Amboina, Caju poeti, Rel. Robins. 1730, August 2, 1913, in open woods at an altitude of about 350 meters. A species of the section Enantiophyllum known only from Amboina and Ternate. It was originally described from Amboina specimens. 318 The Philippine Journal of Science 1916 COMPOSITAE VERNON I A Schreber VERNON I A MOLUCCENSIS (Blume) Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 2 (1857) 19. Cyanthillium moluccense Blume Bijdr. (1826) 890. Amboina, Hitoe messen, Rel. Robins. 1839, October 14, 1913, clearings in light forests at an altitude of 175 meters; Mahija, Rel. Robins. 183U, August 12, 1913, on limestone formation, altitude about 300 meters; locally known as biana perumpuan. The identification with Vernonia moluccensis Miq. has been made wholly from a comparison of the specimens with the published descriptions, and needs verification by comparison with type or authentically named material. Reported only from the Moluccas. ELEPHANTOPUS Linnaeus ELEPHANTOPUS SCABER Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 814. Amboina, near the town of Amboina, Rel. Robins. 181+2, July 31, 1913, on a fern-covered hillside. Bali, Boeleleng, Rel. Robins. 2522, July 7, 1913. All tropical countries, probably a native of tropical America. EUPATORIUM Linnaeus EUPATORIUM sp. Amboina, Kati-kati, Rel. Robins. 181+1+, October 19, 1913, from cultivated specimens. I am unable to determine this plant to the species from the literature and material available for comparison at this time. It is apparently an exotic species, judging from the fact that it occurs in Amboina in cultivation'. SPARGANOPHORUS Vaillant SPARGANOPHORUS VAILLANTII Crantz Instit. 1 (1766) 261. Amboina, near the town of Amboina, Rel. Robins. 181+3, July 22, 1913, along streams. Tropical Africa and America, introduced in the Malayan region, Java, Singapore, etc. Ml KAN I A Willdenow Ml KAN I A SCAN DENS (Linn.) Willd. Sp. PI. 3 (1800) 1743. Eupatorium scandens Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 836. Amboina, Gelela, Rel. Robins. 1838 , September 19, 1913, along small streams at an altitude of about 40 meters. Tropics of both hemispheres. ERIGERON Linnaeus ERIGERON LINIFOLIUS Willd. Sp. PI. 3 (1800) 1955. Amboina, Soja, Rel. Robins. 181+0, August 4, 1913, along roadsides, alti- tude? about 400 meters, only two plants seen. Widely distributed in most warm countries. BLUMEA DeCandolle BLUMEA LACERA (Burm.) DC. in Wight Contrib. (1834) 14. Conyza lacera Burm. FI. Ind. (1768) 180, t. 59, f. 1. Celebes, Macassar, Rel. Robins. 21+58, July 11, 1913. The specimen does XI, C, 6 Merrill: Reliquiae Robinsonianae 319 not present the lyrately lobed leaves of the type, as illustrated by Burman, but seems to be the form described by DeCandolle 1. c. as Blumea lacera var. commersonii DC. Tropical Africa and Asia to Malaya. SPHAERANTHUS Linnaeus SPHAERANTHUS AFRICANUS Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 2 (1763) 1314. Bali, Boeleleng, Rel. Robins. 2529, July 7, 1913. Tropical Africa and Asia through Malaya to Australia. SYNEDRELLA Gaertner SYNEDRELLA NODIFLORA (Linn.) Gaertn. Fruct. 2 (1791) 456, t. 171, f. 7. Verbesina nodiflora Linn. Cent. PL 1 (1755) 28. Amboina, common in waste places about the town of Amboina, Rel. Robins. 1835, August 20, 1913. A native of tropical America, now widely distributed in all tropical countries. TRIDAX Linnaeus TRIDAX PROCUMBENS Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 900. Amboina, in waste places near Castle Victoria, Rel. Robins. 1841, August 11, 1913. A native of tropical America, introduced and now abundant in parts of India, Indo-China, the Malay Peninsula, etc., but not as yet found in the Philippines. COSMOS Cavanilles COSMOS CAUDATUS HBK. Nov. Gen. Sp. PL 4 (1816) 240. Amboina, Lateri, Rel. Robins. 1837, August 25, 1913, locally known as sunga sunga blanda. A native of tropical America, now widely distributed in other tropical countries. TITHONIA Desfontaine TITHONIA DIVERSIFOLIA A. Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 19 (1883) 5. Amboina, Rel. Robins. 1845, August 19, 1913, river banks, near the town of Amboina, from the field note apparently spontaneous. A native of Mexico, probably of very recent introduction in Amboina, as it is in other parts of Malaya, where it is cultivated for ornamental purposes. ERECHTITES Rafinisque ERECHTITES V A LE R I A N I A E FOLI A (Wolf) DC. Prodr. 6 (1837) 295. Senecio valerianiaefolius Wolf Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. (1825), ex Reichenb. Ic. Bot. Exot. 1 (1827) 59. Amboina, Soja, Rel. Robins. 1836, August 4, 1913, roadsides at an altitude of about 400 meters. A native of Brazil, introduced and now widely distributed in the Malay Archipelago and the southern Philippines. ' . ERRATA Page 45, line 11 from the bottom, for abyssinisa read abyssinica. Page 72, line 11 from the bottom, for fauciflorus read pauciflorus. Page 101, line 15 from the bottom, for Rhumphianae read Rumphianae. 321 143577 4 INDEX [New genera, new species, and combinations published for the first time are in black-faced type; synonyms and species incidentally mentioned in the text are in italics .] A Abildgaardia fusca Nees, 257. Acacia farnesiana Willd., 274. Acalypha indica Linn., 285. tricolor Seem., 285. wilkesiana Muell.-Arg., 285. Acanthaceae, 204, 313. AchyraAxthes atropurpurea Lam., 269. Achyranthes lappacea Linn., 269. Aclisia sorzogonensis E. Mey., 259. Acrostichum auritum Sw., 107. dichotomum Linn., 115. punctatum Linn., 113. spicatum Linn, f., 112. Adenosma javanicum Merr., 312. ovatum Benth., 312. Adianthum volubile medium Rumph., 120. minus Rumph., 116, 120. alterum Rumph., 120. polypoides Rumph., 116, 120. Adiantum cultratum Willd., 109. robinsonii v. A. v. R., 110. Aglaia argentea Blume, 280. brevipetiolata Merr., 14. diffusa Merr., 187. glaucescens King, 280. llanosiana C. DC., 186. luzoniensis Merr. & Rolfe, 14. miquelii Merr., 280. monophylla Perk., 14. multifoliola Merr., 280. novoguineensis C. DC., 280. samarensis Merr., 186. stenophylla Merr., 185. Aglaiopsis glaucescens Miq., 280. Agrostis indica Linn., 254. maxima Roxb., 253. Albizzia scandens Merr., 87. Alchornea arborea Elm., 75 javensis Muel.-Arg., 285. rugosa Muell.-Arg., 285. Alcinaeanthus arhoreus Pax & K. Hoffm., 75. parvifolius Merr., 76. philipjnnensis Merr., 75. Allophylus peduncularis Radik., 193. samarensis Merr., 192. simplicifolius Radik., 193. unifoliatus Radik., 193. Alphitonia excelsa Reiss., 286. moluccana Teysm., 286. zizyphoides A. Gray, 286. Alsodeia dubia Elm., 77. echinocarpa Korth., 100. echinocarpa var. nervosa Capit., 100. Alsophila amboinensis v. A. v. R., 103. rumphiana v. A. v. R., 104. Alyscicarpus nummularifolius DC., 275. Amaranthaceae, 179, 269. Ammannia baccifera Linn., 295. Amoora elmeri Merr., 15. fulva Merr., 187. Ampelocissus barbata Planch., 126. botryostachys Planch., 126. imperialis Merr. & Rolfe, 125. martini Planch., 126. multifoliola Merr., 127. ochracea (Teysm. & Binn.) Merr., 125. ochracea var. trilobata Merr., 125. pauciflora Merr., 126. An.pelopsis heterophylla Blume, 129. heterophylla Sieb. & Zucc., 128. heterophylla var. bungei Planch., 129. heterophylla var. hancei Planch., 128. heterophylla var. humulifolia Merr., 129. heterophylla var. sinica Merr., 128. humulifolia Bunge, 129. Anacardiaceae, 191, 285. Andropogon amaurus Biise, 253. diversiflorus Steud., 253. halepensis propinquus (Hack.) Merr., 253. propinquus Kunth, 253. Aneilema malabaricum Merr., 259. nudifiorum R. Br., 259. Angiopteris amboinensis DeVr., 120. madagascariensis De Vr., 40. Annonaceae, 8, 180, 270. Annona muricata Linn., 270. Anonymos petiolata Walt., 307. Antidesma auritum Tul., 54. cumingii Muell.-Arg., 56. cuspidatum Muell.-Arg., 54. foxworthyii Merr., 55. ghaesembilla Gartn., 54, 283. gibbsiae Hutchins., 54. grandistipulum Merr., 56. hallieri Merr., 57. kingii Hook., 62. montanum Bl., 54. 323 324 Index Antidesma moritzii Muell.-Arg., 54. n eurocarpum Miq., 54. pachyphyllum Merr., 58. pachystachys Hook., 66. phanerophlebium Merr., 69. rivulare Merr., 60. rubiginosum Merr., 61. sarawakense Merr., 57. stenophyllum Merr., 62. stipulate Bl., 54. tomentosum Bl., 54, 62. venenosum J. J. Sm., 64, 55. Antrophyura callifolium Bl., 111. lanceolatum Blume, 43, 46. plantagineum Kaulf., 111. Aphanamyxis coriacea Merr., 14. elraeri Merr., 16. perrottetiana Harms, 15. Aporosa benthamiana Hook., 64. euphlebia Merr., 62. hose! Merr., 63. lunata Kurz, 63. nigricans Hook, f., 65. sphaeridophora Merr., 288. subcaudata Merr., 64. Araceae, 4, 175. Araliaceae, 27. Ardisia amboinensis Scheff., 301. rhynchocarpa Scheff., 302. rumphii Merr., 301. ternatensis Scheff., 302. Aristolochiaceae, 178. Aristolochia philippinensis Warb., 179. samarensis Merr., 178. Arthronia robinsonii G. K. Merr., 250. Aspidium hirsutulum Sw„ 108. intermedium Blume, 106. pachyphyllum Ktze., 107. persoriferum Cop el., 107. repandum Willd., 107. Asplenium amboinense Willd., 109. arboreum Hillebr., 171. belangeri Kze., 109. laserpitiifolium Lam., 109. nidus L., 109. tenerum Forst., 109, Astronia acumi/natissima Merr., 26. badia Merr., 26. dioica Merr., 27. sorsogouensis Merr., 26. Asystasia coromandelica Nees, 317. gangetica T. And., 317. Athyrium kaalaanum Cope]., 171. pseudoarboreum Copel., 171. ridleyi Copel., 39. Avicennia alba Blume, 311. alba var. acuminatissima Merr., 311. B BaUota suaveolens Linn., 311. Bambusa glaucescens Sieb., 255. nana Koxb., 255. Banisteria timoriensis DC., 280. Barringtonia acuminata Korth., 295. rubra Blume. 296. Bauhinia acuminata Linn., 77. bidentata Jack, 81 borneensis Merr., 78. brachyscypha Baker, 77. burbidgei Stapf, 77, 78. cardiophylla Merr., 79. creaghii Baker, 78. diptera Blume, 78. elongata Korth., 78. excelsa Blume, 78, 82. excurrens Stapf, 78. ferruginea Korth., 78, 82. fintaysonia Grah., 78. foraminifer Gagnep., 78. havilandii Merr., 79. hosei Merr., 80. kingii Prain, 78. macropoda Blume, 78. megalantha Merr., 81. menispermacea Gagnep., 78 . moultonii Merr., 82. pyrrhaneura Korth., 81. semibifida Roxb., 78. stenostachya Baker, 78. Baumea glomerata Gaudich., 267. Begoniaceae, 294. Begonia aptera Blume, 294. pseudolateralis Warb., 294. Belamcanda chinensis DC., 260. punctata Moench., 260. Bignoniaceae, 312. Bitorinopsis foliicola Mull., 251. Blechnum orientate Linn., 121. Blumea lacera DC., 318- lacera var. commersonii DC., 319. Boerlagiodendron luzoniense Merr., 28. ramosii Merr., 27. Boraginaceae, 309. Breynia cernua Muell.-Arg., 283. ovalifolia J. J. Sm., 283. pubescens Merr., 282. racemosa Muell.-Arg.,1 65. reclinata Hook., 65. Bruguiera parviflora W. & A., 296. Bryonia mucronata Blume, 317. Buchanania amboinensis Miq., 285. Buddleia asiatica Lour., 307. Burmanniaceae, 260. Burmannia longifolia Becc., 260. Burseraceae, 183, 278. c Caesalpinia crista Linn., 92. Calophyllum cuneatum Vidal, 19. vidalii F.-Vill., 19. Callicarpa pentandra Roxb., 309. Campanulaceae, 317. Canarium costulatum Elm., 185. polyneuron Perk., 184. racemosum Merr., 186. robustum Merr., 184. samarense Merr., 183. thyrsoideum Perk., 184. Canavalia lineata DC., 92. | Cansjera manillana Blume, 268. Index 325 Capillus veneris amboinicus Rumph., 120. Capparidaceae, 272. Casearia capitellata Bl., 97. elliptifolia Merr., 92. fuliginosa Blanco, 293. glabra Roxb., 293. grewiaefolia Vent., 95. hosei Merr., 93, 97. impressinervia Merr., 96. laurina Bl., 97. leucolepis Turcz., 96. lobbiana Turcz., 95. minutidens Merr., 94. moluccana Blume, 293. philippinensis Merr., 95. pubescens Merr., 95. Cayratia cwrnosa Gagnep., 134. corniculata Gagnep., 133. geniculata Gagnep., 132. mollissima Gagnep., 133. pedata Juss., 132, 134. tenuifolia Gagnep., 134. Celtis orientalis Linn., 262. paniculata Planch., 261. Cenchrus lappaceus Linn., 265. Centotheca lappacea Desv., 255. latifolia Trin., 255. malabarica Merr., 255. Ceratopteris thalictroides Brongn., H21. Champereia cumingiana Merr., 269. griffithiana Planch., 269. griffithii Kurz, 269. maniliana Merr., 268, 277. oblongifolia Merr., 177. platyphylla Merr., 177. Cheilanthes tenuifolia Sw., 110. Chionanthus ramiflora Roxb., 306. Chisochiton Blume, 280. cauliflorus Merr., 188. tetrapetalus Turcz., 189. Chloris barbata Sw., 255. Cibotium baranetz J. Sm., 121. Cingulum terrae Rumph., 117, 120. Cissus carnosa Lam., 134. corniculata Planch., 133. discolor Blume, 129. geniculata Blume, 132. japonica Willd., 134. landuk Hassk., 129. mollisima Planch., 133. oblongifolia Merr., 129 ochracea Teysm. & Binn., 125. papillosa Blume, 137. pedata Lam., 132, 134. quadrangularis L., 130. repens Lam., 130. repens var. luzoniensis Merr., 131. rostrata Korth., 130. suberosa Elm., 137. tenuifolia Heyne, 134. trifolia K. Sch., 134. Cladium globiceps Clarke, 257. latifolium Merr., 268. Cladodes rugosa Lour., 286. Clerodendron macrostegium Schauer, 310. Berratum Spreng., 310. Clerodendron thomsonae Balf., 310. Clitorea cajanifolia (Presl) Benth., 92. Cluytia androgyna Linn., 282. Coccocarpia ciliolata Mont., 251. homalantha Nyl., 251. pellita Mull., 252. Coelodepas hosei Merr., 66. wallichiana Benth., 66. Coenogonium interplexum Nyl., 251. Columbia subobovata Hochr., 289. Columella corniculata Merr., 133. geniculata Merr., 132. geniculata var. sarcoearpa Merr., 133. pedata Lour., 132, 134. pterita Merr., 135. simplicifolia Merr., 135. tenuifolia Merr., 134. trifolia Merr., 134. Combretaceae, 296. Commelinaceae, 259. Commelina nudicaulis Burm., 259. nudiflora Linn., 259. Compositae, 318. Conandrium rhynchocarpum Mez, 302. Convolvulaceae, 307. Convolvulus binectariferus Wall., 307. Iiastatus Desr., 308. obscurus Linn., 308. paniculatus Linn., 308. vitifolius Burm., 308. Conyza lacera Burm., 318. Cornutia corymbosa Burm., 204. Cosmos caudatus HBK., 319. Crataeva religiosa Forst., 272. Crescentia cujete Linn., 312. Crotalaria saltiana Andr., 275. striata DC., 275. Croton ensifolius Merr., 66. heterocarpus Muell.-Arg., 67. paniculatus Lam., 283. Crudia tenuipes Merr., 83. Cryptocarya affinis Merr., 9. ilocana Vid., 10. Cucurbitaceae, 317. Cyanthillium moluccense Blume, 318. Cyatheaceae, 103. Cyathula lancifolia Merr., 179. prostrata Blume, 180. Cyclopeltis presliana Berk., 107. Cyclophorus adnascens Desv., 114. beddomeanus C. Chr., 114. j Cynoctonum mitreola Britt., 307. orthocarpa Hochr., 307. Cynometra densiflora Elm., 83. Cyperaceae, 53, 256. Cyperus compressus Linn., 256. ferax Rich., 256. haspan Linn., 256. nitens Vahl, 256. pumilus Linn., 256. zollingeri Steud., 256. Cypholophus coeruleus Wedd., 265. lutescens Wedd., 265. macrocephalus Wedd., 265. moluccanus Miq., 265. 326 Index Cyrtandra sorsogonensis Men*., 31. vUlosissima Merr., 32. Cyrtophyllum speciosum Blume, 306. I> Daemonorops Blume, 259. Dalbergia densa Benth., 87, 276. ferruginea Roxb., 276. simplicifolia Merr., 87. subalternifolia Merr., 87, 88. Darea belong eri Bory, 109. Davallia amboinensis Hook., 108. contigua Spreng., 112. denticulata Mett., 108. elata Spr., 108. lonchitidea Wall., 39. Derris diadelpha Merr., 91. elegans Benth., 91, 276. Desmodium gyroides DC., 92. heterocarpum DC., 275. poly car pum DC., 275 triflorum DC., 275. trifoliastrum Miq., 92. umbellatum DC., 92. Dichroa philipjnnensis Schltr., 13. platyphylla Merr., 13. Dicksonia sorbifolia Sm., 121. Digram-maria robusta Fee, 39. Dilleniaceae, 291, 17. Dimorphocalyx (?) borneensis Merr., 73. longipes Merr., 74, 191. Dinochloa ciliata Kurz, 51. scandens O. Ktze., 51. scandens var. angusti folia Merr., 51. tjankorreh Biise, 51. tjankorreh var. angustifolia Hack., 51. Dioscoreaceae, 227. Diospyros ulo Merr., 30. Diplacrum caricinum R. Br., 259. Diplazium escnlentum Spreng., 120. sandwichense Presl, 171. Diplycosia baclayanensis Elm., 28. lucida Men*., 28. Dipteris conjugata Reinw., 107. lobbiana Moore, 107. Dissochaeta annulata Hook., 298. robinsonii Merr., 298. Drymoglossum fallax v. A. v. R., 111. Drynaria sparsisora Moore, 114. Dryopteris arborea Rumph., 108. campestris Rumph., 110. didymosora C. Chr., 105. ferox O. Ktze., 106. intermedia O. Ktze., 106. pseudo-arbuscula v. A. v. R., 106. rhodolepis C. Chr., 106. silvestris terrestris Rumph., 108. triplex arborea Rumph., 120. campestris Rumph., 120. sylvestris petraea Rumph., 120. terrestris Rumph., 120. Dysoxylum amooroides Miq., 279. caulostachyum Miq., 279. decandrum Merr., 279. ramiflorum Miq., 279. rumphii Men*., 278. E Ebenaceae, 30, 303. Ehretia buxifolia Roxb., 309. microphylla Lam., 309. Elaphoglossum basilanicum Copel., 41. callifolium Moore, 41. crassicaule Copel., 173. fauriei Copel., 173. hirtum C. Chr., 173. macgregori Copel., 40. parvum Copel., 40. rockii Copel., 173. Elatostema holophyllum Merr., 5. integrifolium Wedd., 266. lignescens Hallier f., 266. macrophyllum Brongn., 266. polionurum Hall, f., 267. sesquifolium Hassk., 266. sessile Forst. var. ulmifolium Wedd., 266 & 267. ulmifolium Miq., 266. Elatostematoides manillense C. B. Rob., 267. polionurum Merr., 267. Elephantopus scaber Linn., 318. Endiandra arborea Elm., 183. coriacea Men*., 183. Epirixanthes elongata Blume, 281. Epithema brunonis var. longipetiolatum Men*., 313. Equisetum amboinicum arbor eum squamatum Rumph., 118, 120. minor Rumph., 120. secudum Rumph., 120. silvestre Rumph., 115, 120. Eranthemum Linn., 314. Eragrostis amabilis W. & A., 255. unioloides Nees, 255. Erechtites valerianiaefolia DC., 319. Erigeron linifolius Willd., 318. Erycibe lateriflora Elm., 309. Erythrophloeum densiflorum Merr., S3. Erythroxylaceae, 277. Erythroxylum ecarinatum Burck, 277. Eugenia acuminata Roxb., 296. aherniana C. B. Rob., 202. baler ensis C. B. Rob., 23. boerlagei Men*., 296. brevipaniculata Merr., 23. cinnamomea Vid., 23. crassibracteata Merr., 25. dura Merr., 24. kamelii Merr., 202. leucocarpa Merr., 23. moluccana Merr., 296. paucipunctata Merr., 22. sorsogonensis Merr., 22. subcaudata Men*., 21. tulanan Merr., 201. whitfordii Merr., 23. Index 327 Eugenia xanthophylla C. B. Rob., 23. Eupatorium scandens Linn., 318. Euphorbiaceae, 54, 189, 281. Euphorbia atoto Forst., 285. prostrata Ait., 285. thymifolia Linn., 285. Eupiper C. DC., 208. Eurya acuminata DC., 291. japonica Thunb. var. nitida Dyer, 292. nitida Korth., 292. trichocarpa Korth., 291. Evolvulus alsinoides Linn., 308. Ewyclcia cyanea Blume, 299. Excoecaria bicolor Hassk., 285. stenophylla Merr., 189. Exocarpus amboinensis Merr., 267. laxiflora Merr., 182. F Fagraea elliptica Roxb., 306. speciosa Blume, 306. Fatoua japonica Blume, 262. pilosa Gaudich., 262. Ficus aurita Reinw., 263. congesta Roxb., 263. gibbosa Blume, 263. hassakarlii Merr., 264. henschelii Merr., 264. myriocarpa Miq., 263. retusa Linn., var. nitida King, 263. rigescens Miq., 263. rigida Blume, 263. urophylla Wall., 263. villosa Blume, 263. Filix amboinica mas Rumph., 120, 106. wens Rumph., 120. aquatica Rumph., 120. calarnaria Rumph., 120, 115. canarina Rumph., 120. esculenta Rumph., 120. florida Rumph., 121, 107. lanuginosa Rumph., 121. Fimbristylis annua R. & S., 256. asperrima Boeckl., 53. diphyUa Vahl, 256. dura (Zoll. & Mor.) Merr., 53. fusca Benth., 257. miliacea Vahl, 257. Flacourtiaceae, 293, 199, 92, 37. Flacourtia inermis Roxb., 293. rukam Zoll. & Mor., 97, 293. Flemingia grandiflora Roxb., 316. macrophylla O. Ktze., 87. strobilifera R. Br., 276. Fleurya ruderalis Gaudich., 266. Fordia angustifolia Merr., 91. coriacea Dunn, 92. Forrestia hispida Less. & Rich., 259. G Garcinia dulcis Kurz, 292. eugeniaefolia Wall., 21. gitingensis Elm., 21. macgregorii Merr., 198. microphylla Merr., 20. nigro-Iineata PL, 199. Garcinia samarensis Merr., 197. Gardenia obscurinervia Merr., 32. Garnotia stricta Brongn., 255. I Gesneriaceae, 31, 313. I Geniostoma nwluccanum Valeton, 307. Geunsia farinosa Blume, 309. hookeri Merr., 309. pentandra Merr., 309. Gironniera amboinensis Laut.erb., 262. rhamnifolia Blume, 262. subaequalis Planch., 262. Gleicheniaceae, 114. Gleichenia amboinensis v. A. v. R., 115. circinnata C. Chr., 114. ferruginea Blume, 115. laevigata Hook., 115. linearis Clarke, 115. linearis Clarke var. ferruginea v. A. v. R., 115. microphylla R. Br., 114. microphylla R. Br. var. semivestita v. A. v. R., 115. semivestita Lab., 115. ! Glochidion breynioides C. B. Rob., 68, 281. glabrum J. J. Sm., 282. kollmannianum J. J. Sm., 68. leiostylum Kurz, 68. molle Blume, 282. pedunculatum Merr., 67. trichogynum Muell.-Arg., 68. | Glyaspermum ramiflorum Zoll., 274. j Glycine labialis Linn., 276. j Goniothalamus brunneus Merr., 9. mindanaensis Merr., 9. philippinensis Elm., 9. j Goodeniaceae, 317. Govamtesia malulucban Llanos, 269. Graminaeae, 2, 51, 253. Grammitis involuta Don, 114. lanceolata Swtz., 43. magellanica Desv., 44. Gratiola pusilla Willd., 312. Grewia acuminata Juss., 288. ceramensis Boerl., 288. eriopoda Turcz., 17. inflexa Merr., 194. Iatifolia Mast., 195. pedicellata Roxb., 288. stylocarpa Warb., 195. umbellata Roxb., 288. Gronophyllum microcarpum SchefF., 259. 1 Guettarda polyandra Blanco, 31. ! Guioa Cav., 286. | Guttiferae, 20, 197, 292. | Gymnogramme abyssinica Baker, 45. ( Gynotroches axillaris Blume, 21. lanceolata Merr., 21. par vi folia Merr., 21. j Heamia glaucescens C. DC., 280. j Heckeria Hook, f., 225. ! Hcdysarum heterocar pon Linn., 275. lagopodioides Linn., 275. lagopoides Burm., 275. nummulary. folium Linn., 275. 328 Index Hedysarum strobiliferum Linn., 276. triflorum Linn., 276. Helicia cumingiana Meissn., 7. moluccana Blume, 267. oligophlebia Merr., 6. philippinensis Meissn., 7. Heliotropium indicum Linn., 309. Helminthostachys zeylanica Hook., 117. Hemigraphis oblongifolia Merr., 204. Hemionitis plantaginea Cav., 111. Henslowia reinwar dt.iama Blume, 268. robinsonii Merr., 268. spicata Blume, 268. Herpestis javanica Blume, 312. ovata Benth., 312. Hibiscus schizopetalus Hook., 290. vitifolius Linn., 290. Hippocrateaceae, 286. Holcus latifolius Linn., 255. Homalium hosei Merr., 98. moultonii Merr., 97. samarense Merr., 199. villarianum Vid., 200. Homonoia javensis Muell.-Arg., 283. Horsfieldia bivalvis Merr., 271. globuloria Warb., 271. Hugonia robinsonii Merr., 277. Humata gaimardiana J. Sm., 108. perpusilla v. A. v. R., 108. subtilis v. A. v. R., 108. Hydnocarpus alcalae C. DC., 37. Hydrilla verticillata Rayle, 252. Hydrocharitaceae, 252. Hydrocotyle nitidula A. Rich., 300. rotundifolia Roxb., 300. sibthorpoides Lam., 300. Hymenolepis spicata Presl, 112. Hymenophyllaceae, 102. Hypaelytum microcephalum R. Bi\, 257. Hypoestes laxiflora Nees, 314. malaccensis Wight, 314. Hyptis brevipes Poir., 311. capitata Jacq., 31,1. suaveolens Poir., 311. I Ichnanthus pollens Munro, 3. Indigofera trifoliata Linn., 275. Inga granaiflora Wall., 274. Intsia bakeri Prain, 85. retusa O. Ktze., 85. Ipomoea digitata Linn., 308. obscura Ker., 308. paniculatus R. Br., 308. triloba Linn., 308. Iridaceae, 260. Isachne miliacea Roth, 254. pulchella Roth, 52. Isolepis dura Zoll. & Mor., 53. Isotoma longiflora Presl, 317. lxia chinensis Linn., 260. J Jasminum amboinense Merr., 304. bifarium Wall., 305. celebicum Merr., 305. Jasminum ensatum Blume, 306. zippelianum Blume, 304. Jussieua linifolia Vahl, 299. repens Linn., 299. Justicia bivalvis Roxb., 314. gangetica Linn., 317. procumbens Linn., 313. K Kibara moluccana Perk., 271. Knema glomerata Merr., 182. heterophylla Warb., 182. stellata Merr., 182. Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb., 256. L Labiata,e, 311. Laguncularia purpurea Gaudich., 296. Landukia landuk Planch., 129. Lantana camara Linn., 311. Laportea platyphylla Merr., 176. Lastraea presliana J. Sm., 107. Lauraceae, 9, 182, 271. Lecythidaceae, 200, 295. Leea maniUensis Walp., 145. negrosensis Elm., 288. parvifoliola Merr., 145. simplicifolia Z. & M., 194. unifoliolata Merr., 193. Leguminosae, 77, 274. Lepidagathis capitata O. Kuntze, 315. robinsonii Merr., 314. Lepistemon binectariferum O. Kuntze, 307. flavescens Blume, 307. Leptaspis urceolata R. Br., 254. Leptogium phyllocarpum var. daedaleum Nyl. 251. tremelloides var. azureum Nyl. . 251. Leucaena glauca Benth., 274. Leucosyke capitellata Wedd., 265. Lichenes, 249. Lignum eurinum Rumph., 303. Liliaceae, 260. Liliodendron liliifera Linn., 270. Limonia trifolia Burm., 278. trifoliata Linn., 278. Linaceae, 277. Lindernia pusilla Merr., 312. Lindsaya cultrata Sw., 109. davallioides Bl., 109. Linociera cumingiana Vid., 306. luzonica F.-Vill., 306. ramiflora Wall., 306. Lipocarpha microcephala Kunth, 257. Lippia nodiflora Rich., 310. Liriodendron coco Lour., 270. Litsea anomala Merr., 12. bancana Boerl., 272. conferta Merr., 10. oblongifolia Merr., 12. perrottetii F.-Vill., 271. sorsogonensis Merr., 11. tayabensis Elm., 11. Loganiaceae, 202, 306. Index 329 Lomagramma articulata Copel., 41. bipinnata Copel., 41. Lonchitis amara Rumph'., 121. amboinica recta major alba Rumph., 121. major rubra Rumph., 121. minor alba Rumph., 107, 121. mucosa Rumph., 121. pilosa Rumph., 121. saguaria Rumph., 121. volubilis Rumph., 121. Lopadium epiphyllum Miill., 251. Loxogramme africana Copel., 44, 46. blumeana Presl, 46. brooksii Copel., 44. conferta Copel., 44. coriacea Presl, 43. dimorpha Copel., 44. fauriei Copel., 44, 45. forbesii Copel., 45. grandis Copel., 45. involuta Presl, 45, 114. iridifolia Copel., 44. lanceolata Presl, 44, 46. linearis Copel., 44, 45. malayana Copel., 44, 46. paltonioides Copel., 44. parallela Copel., 44. salvinii Maxon, 45. Ludolphia glaucescens Will., 255. Lumnitzera coccinea W. & A., 296. littorea Voigt, 296. pedicellata Presl, 296. racemosa Willd., 296. Lycopodiaceae, 117. Lycopodium, belong eri Bory, 119. carinatum Desv., 118. cernuum Linn., 117. cupressinum Willd., 119. d'urvillei Bory, 119. nummularif olium Blume, 120. phlegmaria Linn., 117. phlegmaria Linn., var. longifo- lium Spring, 117. , planum Desv., 119. pouzolziana Gaudich., 119. Lygodium circinatum Sw., 116. dimorphum Copel., 116. flexuosum Sw., 116. novo-guinense Ros., 116. scandens Sw., 116. semihastaium Cav., 116. versteegii Chr., 41. Lythraceae, 295. M Maba rostrata Merr., 303. Macaranga caladiifolia Becc., 70. inermis Pax & K. Hoffm., 284. insignis Merr., 69. leytensis Merr., 284. robinsonii Merr., 284. Maesa coriacea Mez, 301. Maesa denticulata Mez, 29. longipetiolata Merr., 28. robinsonii Merr., 300. rubiginosa Blume, 301. sarasenii Mez, 301. Magnoliaceae, 270. Magnolia coco DC., 270. pumilia Andr., 270. Malaisia Blanco, 262. Mallotus cochinchinensis Lour., 283. columnaris Warb., 283. eglandulosus Elm., 283. paniculatus Muell.-Arg., 283. Malpighiaceae, 280. Malvaceae, 280. Mapania foxworthyi Merr., 53. lucbanensis Elm., 258. palustris Benth., 53. petiolata C. B. Clarke, 54. platyphylla Merr., 54. Marantaceae, 260. Marattiaceae, 117. Marattia fraxinea Sm., 117. Mariscus ferax Clarke, 256. Matoniaceae, 114. Matonia foxworthyi Copel., 114. Medinilla Gaudich., 299. polillensis C. B. Rob., 25. sorsogonensis Merr., 25. Medusa anguifera Lour., 100. Melanthesia racemosa Blume, 65. Melastomataceae, 25, 298. Meliaceae, 14, 185, 278. Meliosma megalobotrys Merr., 16. vulcanica Merr., 15. Melochia concatenata Linn., 290. corchorifolia Linn., 290. pyramidata Linn., 291. Melothria mucronata Cogn., 317. Memecylon costatum Miq., 299. Merremia hastata Hallier, 308. vitifolia Hallier, 308. Mertensia laevigata Willd., 115. Mezoneurum platycarpum Merr., 85. Microlepia platyphylla J. Sm., 39. ridleyi Copel., 39. Mierothelia gregaria G. K. Merr., 249. Mikania scandens Willd., 318. Millefolium aquaticum Rumph., 121. Mimosa farnesiana Linn., 274. glauca Linn., 274. Mitreola olderdandioides Wall., 307. paniculata Wall., 307. petiolata Torr. & Gray, 307. Monimiaceae, 271. Moraceae, 262. Morinda jackiana Korth., 34. platyphylla Merr., 33. Moultonianthus borneensis Merr., 70. Mucuna cyanosperma K. Schum., 276. Muscus fruticescens foemina Rumph., 120, 12L. mas Rumph., 119, 121. Mussaenda multibracteata Merr., 34. philip pinensis Merr., 35. Myristicaceae, 182, 270. 330 Index Myristica bivalvis Hook, f., 271. globularia Lam., 271. globular ia Blume, 271. Myrsinaceae, 28, 300. Myrtaceae, 21, 201, 296. N Naravelia antonii Elm., 8. philippinensis Merr., 7. Nepenthaceae, 272. Nepenthes Linn., 272. Nephrolepis hirsutula Pi*., 108. Neriam Pulli Rheede, 130. Niphobolus beddomeanus Gies., 114. Nyctaginaceae, 269. O Ochnaceae, 19, 291. Oenotheraceae, 299. Oleaceae, 304. Omphalea malayana Merr., 71. philippinensis Merr., 72. Oncocarpus densiflorus Merr., 191. ferrugineus C. B. Rob., 192. Ophioglossaceae, 117. Ophioglcssum circinnatum Burm., 116. flexuosum Linn., 116. indicum simplex Rumph., 121. laciniatum Rumph., 117, 121. pedunculosum Desv., 121. pendulum Linn., 117. scandens Linn., 116. Ophiorrhiza mitreola Linn., 307. Opiliaceae, 177, 268. Opilia cumingiana Baill., 268. manillana Baill., 268. Oplismenus burmannii Beauv., 254. Orophea leytensis Merr., 181. submaculata Elm., 182. tarrosae Merr., 182. wiiliamsii Merr., 182. Osbeckia chinensis Linn., 299. Osmelia borneensis Merr., 98. celebica Koord., 99. conferta Benth., 99. gardneri Thw., 99. maingayi King, 99. paniculata Warb., 99. philippinensis Benth., 99. subrotundi folia Elm., 99. Osmunda zeylanica Linn., 117. Ostodes macrophyllus Benth., 73. pauciflorus Merr., 72. serrato-crenatus Merr., 73. P Pahudia acuminata Merr., 86. javanica Miq., 87. rhomboidca Prain, 87. Falmae, 259. Palmifilix alba Rumph., 105, 121. nigra Rumph., 104, 121. postium Rumph., 121. Panicum arnottiayrum Nees, 52. barbinode Trin., 52. Panicum burmannii Retz., 254. hcrmaphroditum Steud., 254. humidorum Ham., 52. humidorum var. perakense Hook., 52. malabaricum Merr., 52. malaccense Trin., 52. molle Sw., 52. nodosum Kunth, 3. 52. perakense Merr., 52 pilipes Nees & Arn., 254. pulchellum Spreng., 52. Pannaria fulvescens Nyl., 251. pannosa Del., 251. Papualthia loheri Merr., 181. samarensis Merr., 180. Porietaria microphylla. Linn., 266. Parmelia sulphurata Nees & Flot., 252. Parthenocissus heterophylla Merr., 129. landulc Gagnep., 129. Paspalum conjugatum Berg., 253. scrobiculatum Linn., 253. Passifloraceae, 294. Passiflora foetida Linn., 294. moluccana Blume, 294. Peltophorum inerme Naves, 84. racemosum Merr., 84. Pennisetum macrostachyum Trin., 254. Peplis indica Willd., 295. Peristrophe bivalvis Merr., 314. commutata Nees, 314. tinctoria Nees, 314. Pcrsea macrophylla Blume, 271. retersia africana Welw., 201. minor Nidenzu, 201. Petersianthus africanus Merr., 201. minor Merr., 201. quadrialatus Merr., 200. Phaeanthus cumingii Miq., 8. ebracteolatus Merr., 8. nitidus Merr., 8. Phaleria amboinensis Merr., 294. Pharus urceolatus Roxb., 254. Phaseolus lunatus Linn., 276. Phoebe macrophylla Blume, 271. Phrynium capitatum Willd., 260. Phylacium bracteosum Benn., 275. Phyllanthus kollmannianus Muell.-Arg., 68. lancifolius Merr., 281. maegregorii C. B. Rob., 281. reclinatus Roxb., 65. reticulatus Poir., 74, 281. Phyllitis amboinica arborea Rumph., 109, 121. terrestris Rumph., 121. polycipes Rumph., 121. Phylloporina multipunctata G. K. Merr., 250. octomera Mull., 250. Phytoloccaceae, 270. Pilea microphylla Liebm., 266. muscosa Lindl., 266. Pimeleodendron acuminatum Merr., 74. borneense Warb., 75. Piperaceae, 207, 260. Piper agusanense C. DC., 221. albidirameum C. DC., 213. arborisedens C. DC., 223. Index 331 >iper atrospicum C. DC., 208. aurilimbum C. DC., 210. betle Linn., 216. cagayanense C. DC., 217. calvifolium C. DC., 217. caninum Blume, 224. chaba Blume, 216. chlorocarpum C. DC., 221. corylistachyon C. DC., 218. costulatum C. DC., 208. crassilimbum C. DC., 210. dagamiense C. DC., 211. delicatum C. DC., 219. eupodum C. DC., 219. fragile C. DC. var. multinerve C. DC.. 208. fuscescentirameum C. DC., 217. gelalae C. DC., 260. hirtirhache C. DC., 213. interruptum Opiz, 222. korthalsii Miq., 207. leyteanum C. DC., 220. loheri C. DC., 223. longilimbum C. DC., 221. longivaginans C. DC., 219. macgregorii C. DC., 215. magallanesanum C. DC., 212. marivelesanum C. DC., 224. merrillii C. DC., 212. merrittii C. DC., 224. merrittii C. DC. var. parvifolium C. DC., 224. miniatum Blume, 208. multistigmum C. DC., 222. myrmecophilum C. DC., 211. nigrum Linn, forma glabrispica C. DC., 223. nudirameum C. DC., 261. ovatibaccum C. DC., 220. cvatibracteum C. DC., 221. palawanum C. DC., 210. penninerve C. DC., 218. perpunctatum C. DC., 219. pilipes C. DC., 209. podandrum, C. DC., 217. polisanum D. DC., 209. polycladum C. DC., 218. pseudochavica D. DC., 212. psilocarpum C. DC., 215. pulogense C. DC., 222. ramosii C. DC., 211. reinwardtianum C. DC., 218. retrofractum C. DC., 218. rhombophyllum C. DC., 216. rhyncholepsis C. DC., 209. rotundistigmum C. DC., 209. rotundistigmum var. pilosius C. DC., 209. samaranum C. DC., 223. sarcopodum C. DC., 207. sarcostilum C. DC., 216. sarmentosum Roxb., 218. subarborescens C. DC., 222. toppingii C. DC., 221. umbellatum Linn. var. glabrum C. DC., 225. Piper umbellatum Linn. var. subpeltatum C. DC., 225. varibracteum C. DC., 208. villilimbum C. DC., 224. villirhache C. DC., 214. viminale Opiz, 217. wenzelii C. DC., 213. Pisonia cauliflora Scheff., 269. Pittosporaceae, 274. Pittosporum ramiflorum Zoll., 274. Platy cerium coronarium Desv., 121. Pleopeltis imbricata v. A. v. R., 113. musifolia Moore, 112. musifolia Moore var. schumanniana Ros., 113. phymatodes Moore, 11B. punctata Bedd., 113. sinuosa Bedd., 113. Plumbaginaceae, 303. P.'umbago zeylanica Linn., 303. Poa malabarica Linn., 52, 255. uniloides Retz., 255. Pogonatherum paniceum Hack., 253. saccharoideum Beauv., 253. Pollia sorzogonensis Steud., 259. Pollinia praemorsa Nees, 253. Polygalaceae, 281. Polygala polifolia Presl, 281. warburgii Chod., 281. Polygonaceae, 269. Polygonum barbatum Linn., 269. Polyosma brachyantha Merr., 273. stenosiphon Schltr., 274. Polypodiaceae, 105. Poly podium adnascens Sw., 114. australe Mett., 44. biUardieri C. Chr., 44. contiguum J. Sm., 112. contiguum J. Sm. var. monosora Cope!., 112. decorum Brack., 112. hirsutulum Forst., 108. imbricatum Karst., 113. indicum minus Rumph., 113, 121. majus Rumph., 114, 121. linear e Burm., 115. lobbianum Hook., 107. loxogramme Mett., 45. magellanicum Copel., 44. merrillii Copel., 112. mirabile C. Chr., 113. musifolium Blume, 112. jiallens Blume, 121. phymatodes Linn., 113. punctatum Sw., 113. rockii Copel., 173. sarmentosum Brack., 173. schumannianum Ros., 113. scolopendrinum C. Chr., 114. sinousum Wall., 113. sparsisorum Desv., 114. Polytrias amaurea O. Ktze., 253. diversifiora Nash, 253. praemorsa Hack., 253. Pongamia elegans Grah., 276. Index 332 Porania volubilis Burm., 308. Porpa repens Blume, 290. Pothos acuminatissimus Merr., 175. dolichophyllus Merr., 4. insignis Engl., 176. rumphii Schott, 4, 176, Pratia ovata Elm., 317. Premna cumingiana Schauer, 204. pyramidata Wall., 204. stellata Merr., 203. tomentosa Willd., 204. Procris brunnea Merr., 5. laevigata Blume, 266. lignescens Merr., 266. philip pinensis C. B. Rob., 266. pseudo strigosa Elm., 6. sesquifolia Reinw., 266. Proteaceae, 6, 267. Pseuderanthemum depauperatum Merr., 315. Psilotaceae, 120. Psilotum triquetrum Sw., 120. Pteris heteromorpha Fee, 172. hillebrandii Copel., 172. irregularis linearis Hillebr., 172. orientalis v. A. v. R., 110. orientabs v. A. v. R. var. glabra v. A. v. R., 110. semipinnata Linn., 172. Pternandra caerulescens var. cyanea Cogn., 299. Pterolobium borneense Merr., 88. densiflorum Prain, 89. micro phyllum Miq., 89. Pupalia atropurpurea Moq., 269. lappacea (Linn.) Juss., 269. Pycreus nitens Nees, 256. pumilus Nees, 256. Pyrenula marginata Miill., 250. nitida Ach., 250. sexlocularis Miill., 250. Pyrrhanthus littoreus Jack, 296. Pyxine cocoes Nyl., 252. Q Quassia amara Linn., 278. R Ramosia philippinensis Merr., 2. Ranunculaceae, 7. Rapuntium longiflorum Mill., 317. Restiaria nigra Rumph., 289. Rhamanceae, 286. Rhamnus zizyphoides Spr., 286. Rhizophoraeeae, 296, 21. Rhizophora parviflora Roxb., 296. Rhopala moluccana R. Br., 267. Rhynchoglossum obliquum Blume, 313. Rinorea acuminata Merr., 292. amboinensis Merr., 292. nnguifera O. Ktze. var. nervosa Merr., 100. Rivinia humilis Linn., 270. Rostellularia procumbens Nees, 313. Rotala indica Koehne, 295. [ Rubiaceae, 32. Ruellia flagelliformis Roxb., 314. Rungia membranacea Merr., 205. Rutaceae, 278. Rychospora rubra Makino, 257. wallichiana Kunth, 257. Ryparosa acuminata Merr., 100. longipedunculata Boerl., 100. Ryssopteris timoriensis Blume, 280. S Sabiaceae, 15. Saccharum caninum Reinw., 254. paniceum Lam., 253. Sadleria pallida H & A., 172. rigida Copel., 171. Salacia prinoides DC., 286. Salomonia cantoniensis Lour., 281. Sampaca montana Rumph., 270. Sanchezia nobiiis Hook., 316. Santalaceae, 267. Sapindaceae, 192, 286. Sapotaceae, 29, 303. Sareostemon C. DC., 207. Saurauia elmeri Merr., 18. gracilipes Merr., 18. oligantba Merr., 18. sorsogonensis Merr., 17. sparsiflora Elm., 19. tristyla DC., 291. Sauropus albicans Blume, 282. Saxifragaceae, 13, 273. Seaevola oppositifolia Roxb., 317. Schizaeaceae, 115. Schizaea dichotoma Sm., 115. malaccana Baker, 115. Schizandra axillaris Hook. f. & Th., 270. Schoenus ruber Lour., 257. Schuurmansia angustifolia Hook, f., 2, 291. elegans Blume, 291. parvifolia Merr., 19. vidalii (F.-Vill. ) Merr., 19. Scirpus anuus All., 256. erectus Poir., 257. miliaceus Burm., 257. Scleroglossum pusillum v. A. v. R., 111. Scolopendria Indiae orientalis Musae fac Rumph., 121. major Rumph., 117, 121. minor Rumph,, 113, 121. Scoparia dulcis Linn., 312. Scorteehinia arborea Merr., 75. forbesii Hook, f., 76. kingii Hook, f., 76. nicobarica Hook, f., 76. parvifolia Merr., 76. Scrophulariaceae, 312. Sebastiana chamaela Muell.-Arg., 76. Selaginellaceae, 118. Selaginella belangeri Spring, 119. cupressina Spring, 119. d’urvillei A. Br., 119. plana Hieron., 119. pouzolziana Spring, 119. robinsonii v. A. v. R., 118. Index 333 Selago pursilla Thunb., 312. Senecio valerianiaefolius Wolf, 319. Serianthes grandiflora Benth., 274. Serpicula verticillata Linn, f., 252. Sida oorylifolia Wall., 290. javensis Cav., 290. rhombifolia Linn., 290. Sideroxylon attenuatum A. DC., 303. foxworthyi Elm.. 30. sarcocarpum Merr., 29. Simarubaceae, 278. Smilax Linn., 260. Solenostigma paniculatum End]., 261. Sparganophorus vaillantii Cranz, 318. Spathiostemon javense Blume, 283. Spatholobus affinis Merr., 90. bracteolatus Prain, 90. ferrugineus Benth., 91. gyrocarpus Benth., 90. oblongifolius Merr., 89, 90. Sphaeranthus africanus Linn., 319. Sphaerocaryum elegans Nees, 52. pulehellum (Roth) Merr., 62. Sphaerostema axillare Blume, 270. Sporobolus indicus R. Br., 254. Stachytarpheta indica Vahl, 310. jamaicensis Vahl, 310. mutabilis Vahl, 310. Stackhousiaeeae, 286. Stackhousia intermedia f. philippinensis Pamp., 286. Stenosemia aurita Presl, 107. Sterculiaceae, 195, 290. Sterculia ramosii Merr., 195. wigmanni Hochr., 196. Striga multiflora Benth., 312. Strigula eomplanata var. eiliata Miill., 250. elegans Fee, 250. feei Mont., 250. Strychnos horsfieldiana Miq., 203. wenzelii Merr., 202. Symplocaeeae, 31, 304. Symplocos acuminatissima Merr., 31. javanica Kurz, 304. polyandra Brand, 31. syringoides Brand, 304. villarii Vid., 31. Synedrella nodiflora Gaertn., 319. Syzygiuni acuminatum Miq., 296. T Talauma pumila Blume, 270. rumphii Blume, 270. Tapeinidium amboynense C. Chr., 108. Tectaria crenata Cav., 107. teramnus labialis Spreng., 276. Terminalia quadrialata Merr., 200. Ternstroemia megacarpa Merr., 197. philippinensis Merr., 196. Tetranthera bancana Miq., 272. perrottetii Blume, 271. Tetrastigma brunneum Merr., 141. dementis Merr., 137. ellipticum Merr., 138. Tetrastigma everettii Merr., 139. harmandii Planch., 136. lanceolarium Planch., 137, 142. laxum Merr., 140. iittorale Merr., 141. loheri Merr., 144. magnum Merr., 140, 142. papillosum Planch.. 137. philippivense Merr., 144. quadridens Pierre, 143. ramentaceum Planch., 137. robinsonii Merr., 142. stenophyllum Merr., 143. strumarum Gagnep., 136. Theaceae, 291, 196. Thoracostachyum lucbanense Kiikenth., 258. Thunbergia alata Bojer, 316. grandiflora Rob., 315. Thymelaeaceae, 294. Thysanolaena agrostis Nees, 253. maxima O. Ktze., 253. Tiliaceae, 17, 194, 288. Timonius oligophlebius Merr., 34. trichophorus Merr., 34. Tithonia diversifolia A. Gray, 319. Tontelea prinoides Willd., 286. Torenia peduncularis Benth., 312. Torulinium confertum Dev., 256. ferax Ham., 256. Tournefortia sarmentosa Lam., 309. Tradescantia malabarica Linn., 259. Trema orientalis Blume, 262. Trichomancs contiguum Forst., 112. cupressoides Desv., 102. diffusum Bl., 102. elatum Forst., 108. humile Forst., 102. javanicum Bl., 102. meifolium Bory, 102. meifolium Bory var. alatum v. A. v. R„ 102. minutissimum v. A. v. R., 102. pallidum Bl., 102. pervenulosum v. A. v. R., 103. tenuifolium Burra., 110. Trichospermum eriopodum (Turcz. ) Merr., 17. leytense Merr., 17. quadrivalve Merr., 288. trivalve Merr., 289. Triehosporum amboinense Merr., 313. volubile Nees, 313. Tridax procumbens Linn., 319. Trigonopleura borneensis Merr., 76. dubia Merr., 77. philippinensis Merr., 77. Trigonostemon aeuminatus Merr., 190. longipes Merr., 191. Triphasia aurantiola Lour., 278. trifolia P. Wils., 278. trifoliata DC., 278. Tritaxis macrophylla Muell.-Arg., 73. Triumfetta radican s Boj., 290. repens Merr. & Rolfe, 290. subpalmata Soland., 290. Turraea decandra Blanco, 279. 334 Index u Ulmaceae, 261. Umbelliferae, 300. Uraria lagopodioides Don, 275. Urticaceae, 5, 176, 265. Urtica capitellata Poir., 265. coerulea Blume, 265. japonica Thunb., 262. on oluccava Blume, 265. ruderalis Forst., 266. V Vandellla pusilla Merr., 312. scabra Benth., 312. Ventilago fasciculiflora Merr., 287. Verbenaceae, 203, 309. Verbena jamaicensis Linn., 310. onutabilis Jacq., 310. nodi flora Linn., 310. V erbesina moluccensis Miq., 318. nodiflora Linn., 319. Vincentia male&iaca Stapf, 258. Vincentia robinsonii Merr., 258. Violaceae, 100, 292. Vitaceae, 125, 193, 288. Yitex hollrungii Warb., 310. punctata Schauer, 310. Vitis corniculata Benth., 133. flexuosa Thunb., 144. heterophj/Ua var. humidifolia Hook, f., 129. landuk Miq., 129. ochracea Teysm., 125. pedata Wall., 132. sinica Miq., 128. tenuifolia W. & A., 134. trifolia Linn., 134. 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