VAY gh UU Meal VIRO toe iN "AU AD a S MS ae a at matty ehe cM : Ae TUI TUA Pees iT: Se os WO NES PASS ne if AL AA yas ee e TEN d SL ewe " ere Tye to tm Se yd A T rer aie "t dolut y d 5 : : um. 2 : Xt A DENM : : ; ONES : TA iw as De d X UE SECs irem xt mta nuns Du Ma T NE endis Me S n peers E zt i dt # ‘ re oe wee Snake arf SOR risa TIGE - AD : i Jew ee ACER "Tranfactions..- > GLY LN G SOME "ACCOMPT B ^" Or THE peer Undertakings, Studies, and Labours, OF THE I N GENIOU S | 3 : q eS. Confiderable Parts — | O bh THE | EE ET eu V UM b. For the Year of our Lord, M. DC. LXXXIIL. OXFORD, íi | [ined at the THEATER, and are tobe fold by Mofes | | | Pit atthe Angel, and Samuel Smith at the Princes 1 Arms in St. Pauls Church yard London. 1685. ponen SA ae ^ t Me ja; * If LIS o NIE COS sree) onl andtor d. ish - ume NOE et ee JUXXXJ LOG, M ena YD vi wk E Lr n 1 ASEKOEIN MS POS enar rti ed 1 ? j 2 ayy 3 - ; i 1 ; TN aM of ‘bit wi m 515 Rae LAXIS Ret ET 38 | hei "e vom a ar^ 38 E TUM Vous bng ASSI odiis. ss V A: 5 VU ) ES AY idacdaw (ae n am Aut p £QOI M 1; 598 AS D Mier X "wa ~ em usate sc — Sos - cas — —— Nea Cannas omit assesment j —M jtm ip dome entm pter en RDRQE MG T Nó mesi 4 -í! : 1 $ tart p Mb ss qai tm tes S'CYRIL WYCHE K* E PAESIDENT. AND TO THE COUNCIL "ND, FELLOWS OF THE Royal Society LONDON _ For the Advancement of Natural knowledge. | This XU Volume of PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS La Is humbly Dedicated. (To the Tlluftrious Prince. huskies By ON e qe dy E CO D HK: RE aida ' ENCO REO D^ K T EARL OE. Ere Survey, aid orb, : EA AOL MARSHALL ENGLAN May it pleafe your Grace, "W He exemplary Munificence of your 5o o8 alluftrious F AT HE R, tothe Roy- — 7 al Society of London ; andthe great favours your Grace has always {hewn them ; grve me confidence to offer to your Grace thefe Jmall Vracts, an imperfect Specimen of what has been n dd into that Society this T COTES this lafl year, partly by them own Members, partly by thew conftant Correfpondence with the Philofophical Societies of Oxford and Dublin: ‘which is humbly daid at your Graces feet, to fhew, that the Royal So- ciety ha’s not been negligent in profecuting thofe Studies, your Grace zs pleafed to pro- mote; and to idiif the e of dove Yova Prom the dato: Grace f al obligall lean Mufeum., SU i: - kh and wer ' vi -—- mofthumbleServant.. -——- A C G— ——————— - EON a E 2, —- es E A E * OE - ba 1 55 Sey LN -—— 7 E —- gs N \ ofr / ° 443. EN \e @ aV ac zm eo N pav Uu 2]v2 S | C —— uiid MEME p cdikbnc dup mamdeé u"""w oic vu NN SN SN E B "eC ny o Numb, 142. P PHILOSOPHICAL — TRANSACTIONS For the Month of January, 1682, The CONTENTS. Lhe Preface. — I. A Def.rij tion and Draughtt of Pen Park Hole in Glo-. - celterfhire 5 communicated by Sir Robert Southwell. | 2. Extrad of a Letter from Mr. Lifter ; being an Experi- - ment made for altering the Colour of the Chyle in the - -Lacteal Veins.. | VOUS OL dE C 3. A Corre Tide-Table: Sbeming the true Times of the * High- Water at London: Bridge, to every day in this ^ , felleming Year 1683... Together with an Account of the - fame. By Mr. Flamfted. | 04e An Obfervation of the beginning of tbe Lunar Eclipa: - / which bapened Aug. 19. 1681.. in the Morning 5 made - en the Ifland of St, Lawrence or Madagafcar , by Mr. > Thomas Heatheott. Communicated by Mr. Flamfted. _ . Exirad of a Letter from Mr. Hevelius ; being Ubferda- tions by hive made: at. Dantzick, of the Comet which - began there to appear Aug.1682. —— — vun — 6. 4n Account of fome Books. 1. CLAUDIT PTOLE- ^ MAT HARMONICORUM Lib, I~ Ex Codd. MEC Undecine nunc primum Grace Editi Joh.Wallis ss. 7... - — "D. Gc. Ver(ione & Notis illvffravit Gc. 1L. OBSER- VATIONS on the DUBLIN-BILLS of MORTAL#- TY, 1681. And onthe STATE of that CITY. Bythe . Obfervator on the LONDON-BILLS of Mortality... Hil. GODARTIUS ‘of INSECTS. Publifhed in Eng-- lith, with Notes, By Martin Lifter E/g;. IV. EPISTO- _ LA INVITATORIA. ad Obfervationes Magnetic va- — riations inftituendas. D. Job. Chrift. Sturmio Authore. — i i ( 2) "The Preface... f Libougb the Writing of tbefe Tranfactions,. is sot to A to be looked upsn as the Bulinels of the Royal Soci- ety: Tet, in regard they are a Specimen of many things which lie before then, Contain a-great Variety of Ufeful — Matters. Are a-convenient Regilter, for the Bringing in, and Preferving many Expetiments, which, not enough for a Book, would elfe be loft 5 and have proved a very good Ferment for the fctting Men of Uncommon Thoughts in all parts awork: And becaufe, moreover, the want of them for thefe four laft Years, wherein they bave been difcontinued,ts much complained of : That the faid Society nay not feem now to Condemn a Work,they have formerly encouraged 3 or to ne- gle the juft Expettations of Learned and Ingenious Men: They have therefore thought fit, to take care for the revival hereof, that they may be Publifhed once every Month, or at fich Times, whereof forenotice [hall be given at the end of thefe, and the following TranfaG@ions. Neither i5 it doubt- ed, but that thofe who defire to be accommodated herewith, will moft readily endeavour, themfelves, or by others, to fup- ply and keep up that Stock of Experiments, and other Phi- : lofophical Matters, which wili be xeceffary hereunto 5 with this affurance given thew, [hat whatever they [ball be pleaf- ‘ed to communicate, fhall be difpofed of with all Fidelity. Letters for thas purpofe, may be diretted thus, For the Secretary of the Royal Society. To be left with Mr. Hezt at his Houfe in Whale-bome Court, in Bell-Alley in Coleman-Street; Or, at the Repofi- tory in Grefham College, London. i a Ne A Defcription of Pen-Park-Hole iz Glocefterfhire 5 Cosz- municated by Sir Robert Southwel. Au a NS ~ Here is a. place in G/ocefferfbire called Pen Park, about three Miles from Briftol, and above three from Severn, where fome Aizers for Lead. difcovering a large Hole in the Earth: One Captain sturmy,a warm, | 1n- [33 ainquifitive Sea-man (he has writ a large Folio of Nawi- - gation) Woüld needs defcend into it, and his Narative was as followeth: — ih »" . * Upon the fecond of Fuly 1669. I defcended: by . *RKopeésadfüixt at the top of an old Lead-Oar Pit, four . *Fathoms almoft Perpendicular, and from thence three * Fathomis more obliquely, between two great Rocks, “where I found the Mouth! of this fpacious Place: from “which, a Mine-man and my felf lowred our felves by - “Ropes twenty five Fathoms perpendicular,into a very | — *large Place, which refembled to us the form of a * Horfe-fhoo 5 for we ftuck lighted Candles all the way ‘we went, to difcover what we could find Remarkable: * At length we came toa River or great Water, which I * found tobe twenty Fathoms broad, and eight Fathoms _ “deep. The Mine-man would have per{waded me, that - *this River ebbed and flowed,for that fome ten Fathoms ^ © above the place, wenow were in, we found the Wa- ‘ter had fometime been: but I proved the contrary, * by ftaying there from three hours Floud to two hours *Ebb, in which time we found no alteration of this Ri- - * ver. Befides its waters were freíh, {weet and cool, and *the Wick of this Water, asit is now at eight Fathom _ * deep, lieslower than the bottom of any part of the See * vern-Sea near us, fo that it can have no community . *with it, and confequently neither flux nor reflux, but *in Winterand Summer,as all Stagna’s,Lakes and Loughs | *(whichI take this to be) have. As we were walking “by this River thirty two Fathoms under ground, we | —. * difcovered a great hollownefs ina Rock, fome thirty _- *foot above us; fo that I got a Ladder down to us, and “the Mine-man went up the Ladder to that Place, and * walk'd into it about threefcore and ten Paces, till he © juft loft fight ofme, and from thence chearfully call'd *to me, and told me he had found what he looked *for, a Rich Mine. But his joy was prefently changed “into amazement, and he returned affrighted by the * fight of an Evil Spirit, which we cannot perfwade him _ ‘but he faw, and for that reafon will go thither no | “more. Co a m - $ Here | 4) * Here are abundance. of ftrange Places, the Tesi “being a kind of a white Stone, enameled with Lead “Oar, and the pendent Rocks were glazed with Salt- ‘Peter, which diftilled upon them from above, and time * had putrified. * After fome hours ftay there, we afcended without ~ “much hurt, other than fcratching our felves in divers * places by climbing the fharp. Rocks. But four days * together, after my return from thence, I was troubled * with an unufüal and violent Head-ach, which I impute * to my being inthat Vault. Thisis atrue account of that ‘Place fo much talkt of. This Captain Sturmy falling from his Head-ach into a Feaver and dying 5 what from his Death, and the Opi- nion of an Evil Spirit, no body was willing to haveany more to do withthe faid Hole from that time tothis. — - But Captain Collins Commander of the Merlig Yeacht ( who is by His Majefty appointed to takea Survey ofthe Coaft of England) cominginto the sererz to that end, and vifiting Sir Robert Southwel near Kingrode, and en- tertaining him from time to time with the Adventures of his Navigation (having fhared in the late Voyage with. . Captain Wood to’ Nova Zembla, and formerly Sayled in - the Ea Indies nearas high as Japaz) Sir Robert on his part, told him how the ftory ofthis Hole had amufed the Country 5 and how the faid Narrative had formerly been fent to H% Majely and the Royal Society; and that — | there wanted only fome courage, to find out the bo: tom "pfit. The Captain prefently refolved to adventure,and fo onthe 18 and 19th. of september 1682. he took feve- ral.of his men, with Ropes and Tackling fitting to de fcend, with Lines to meafure any Leogth or Depth, alfo_ a with. Candles, Térches, and’a {peaking Trumpet.... .- What he fotidd BBs much leffén the Credit and. a ; rour-of this Hole; as will appear by the Figure he. Pus. thereof, and the Defeription following :. DE: Tis down the Tunnel from the fapetficies to the | “opening ofthe Cavity below, 39 Yards.. Then the Hole "fpreading into: am irregular oblong: figure, is in the “ greatelt 7 | poe ci KBD * greateft length 75 yards, and in the greateft.breadch *41 Yards. From the higheft part ofthe Roof to thewa- - * ter, was then 19 yards. The Water was now ina Pool : ‘at the North end, being the deepeít part, it was in *length 27 yards, in breadth 12, and only. 5 yards and “‘ahalfdeep; two Rocks appeared above tbe Water all "covered with Mud,but tlie water fweet and good. There * was a large Circle of Mud round the Pool, and far up * towards the Southend, which fhewed that the water * has at other times been 6 Yards higher than at prefent. “The Tunnel or paflage down, was fomewhat oblique, _“ very Ragged and Rocky s. in fome places it was two “yards wide, and in fome 3 or 4, but nothing obfervable © therein, fave here and there fome of that Sparr which * ufually attends the Mines of Lead-Oar. In the way, n * 30 yards down, there runs in,fouthward,a paflage of 29 “yards in length, parallel to the fuperficies above. Ir * was twoand three yards high, and commonly asbroad, ‘and alike Rocky as the Tunnel, with fome appearances “of Sparr, but nothing elfe init except a few Bats. — ehe Cavity below was in hike manner Rocky and * very irregular, the Candles and Torches burut clear, fo *as to difcover the whole extent thereof ; nor was the . © Air any thing offenfive. The three men that went down “the firft day ftayed below two hoursand a half The “next day the Captain went down, with feven or eight - men, who ftayd below for an hour, and obferved all MEN ab wee ity — ©The bottom of this Hole where the Land-waters ‘do gather, i$59 Yards down from the fuperficies of the _ “Earth, and by good Calculation, the fame bottom, is * twenty yards above the higheft Rifing of the severz, “and lyes into the Land, about three miles diftant from Tthadto keep much rioife, füch as the like Cavity will *évery where, afford, for otherwife thofe above, aud s thoft bela, poke With reafopable frésdori lato er 2} 5 E da Le LIT a: ^ à " - , BR S ux ( | = ck, | "The | j à (6) The Prof le and Grovnd-Plot o the Concave in Pen Park; before defcribed. "mg óc » . The Superficies of tbe, G Two fmall Rocks that Euh. 02 yi) appear above the water. The old Lead-Oar Pit. | The upper part of the The Tunnel or Paffage Water. down, I The bottom of the water. ~The long Gallery. K The higheft mark, of the Tbe Concave or Cell, — water. Ihe upper edge of ie Two Rocks. Mud. — 4n Extra of a Letter, relating an until eA for altering tbe Colour of tbe Gale in the Laifeal Veins, by Martin Lifter Es | He paffage of the Chyle duóagh the Inteftines in- to thc Lacteal Veins, is a thing hitherto demon- {trated to thc Eye by none. Dr. Lower ingeniou(ly con- feffeth the ill fuccefs he had in trying with Aer, or with tinged Spirit of Wine; by neither of which he was able to fórce a paffage. And F.Walaws (Epift.de motu Cbyl?) — is very pofitive, that however the Chyle in the Inteftines may be diverlly coloured 5 yet it is ftill white in the Laéteal Veins. And Diemerbrosk in his late Anatomy Publifhed 1672. (p. 37.) affirms, Chylum femper album inveniri in Vafis Laden Me pter Lot €» T boracicis -- --vi- videm vera "Agro plterimeue caletyss, in fa A nemine. hatt- ens vifu. fuiffe. - ihe viu . Notwithftanding which, Hen my. .own former | unfüc- cefeful Tryals (Phil. Tranf Numb.95..) I did not doubt but that fome: happy: Experiment would fhew, the con- trary 5. and, < a. purpofe coloured Chy Chy Te might find. ad- mittance into, the Lateal Veins, though not. by force, “yet by the Confent and Introduction | Nature her felf. The fuccefs D e te Experiments made. to this pur- el fhall here acquaint you with. Ex [o (0 Experiment 1. - E caufeda Dog to be fed, and after four hours, or thereabout 5 and having ready by me a clear Tincture of Indigo, diflolved in fair Water and filtred, I opened the Abdomen,and making a {mall Incifionin the Fejuxzuae, I injected an ounce ortwo. Thisdone, we ftitch'd up the Gut, and all, again, andthe Dog turned upon his Leggs. After one hour and a quarter, we cut theftich- es; and then beheld a copious Diftribution of Chyle and turgid Ladeal Veins 5; but as white as ever. And yet carefully fearching the Guts, we perceived none of the Injected Liquor any where. | Exper.. II. Another Dog, which waskept fafting 40 hours, had a very little flefh, without water, given him, about 5 hours before the Injection of the Tinc&ure of Indigo 5 which was performed after the fame manner, as before: only it was now well warmed, and about Twelve Oun- cesthrownupthe Duodexum, and down the 1/eez. Here were empty Guts, and not the leaft appearance of any LaGeal Veins in the Mefentery. After full 3 hours, the Stiches were cut again (fome bufinefs hindring me from doing of itfooner) and carefully examining the Mefentery, we found many Lafeal Veins of an Azure Colour ; and cutting {ome of thebigeft of them afunder, we plainly faw a thick blewifh Chgle to iffue forth, and to fpread it felf over the-tranfparent Adembranes of the - Mefentery, ‘This isa very truth, which the Chirurgeon I employed to. afit me, in the Experiment, can well witnefs, whofe EyesI ufed, aswell as my own, in care- fully examining thefe matters. | | Whence, although it hath been doubted of by fome, yet is it moft evident, Thatthe La&eal Veins receive, What they carry, from within the Gavity of the Inteft- ines. | D à | A Cor- (10)? 9 5 . A Corre Tide-Table, shewing the true Times: of the High-Waters- London-Bridge, to every day in the Tear 168 j. By Mr. Flamftead. a June. à July. | Auguft, Septem Odtob. H.. lu M. H. Mi. MJH. MoM. Novem|Decem. Inst a 52 oO." 349^ FED se ry «Ile — Qe EE, 244 ^22]9. O5|ó 016 267 creme " = Tu 493 O03 O94 ORE EC, 18 : 4 363 D 47 o4 $54 O25. aure dee Copes ov > 5 164. 20 > [uo 3 rly ell — 456 397 43|9 2216 157 1 z pt M | RES AM Jm Yer du ER emen mum mum ds See o2l4 M | 27,5. . 18,6 sin 359. 258 23. © g99 sBII 37 tf ce | 0———— — |__| OO |» 9 42 | »*' 2 —— ——— = AM Stands for M © for Sunday. orning. A Afternoon. (1) iJanuars FebruajMarch. jAprl fd | Nay. | June. | July. feugatt .|Septem| paeem Decem? - lH. .M/H. MH. aim. Mm. Mio MUB. 4H. Mj. Mj. ala. Mid M] i2|l| .o3|2 ool2 143 203 444 466 02,660 42/7 s4|l7 38| | cou d eil : AW m 394 ^ O4ls 5 O46 307 128 25/8 04 j 17 428 498 3 4 184. 40s 497 ~3n)8__13lo x98. se] - EIE 344 4 38/5 0016 188 03} 8 439 ) 449 24| | [9] e 36.3 5914 2218 2617 oo |, e | ho 568 TS. | A 3.::2955.:2334 7. 216 428 . 379 rz4to i10 —s32| Mi 437 12 |? 1!|9 4410 38|o 22| aly? "4410 T !j1r oóIo $3 |lO 431r 232311 24| [e] zl O28 sijto 498 1X Itsy IY sg 24| 3o|p 26111 191r 39 2I. : | © jr o2lto Oo|II 49. ^, 260. 2 XE *5 i) D os 14) o4. | oe 38) / É 44* . $0 s 033 19i | A 213 28 393. $55| 874^ 4| 374 33] | 264 «s di D i M "e $9 | | 066 2 .M| 3203 5 3o. | o e M 384 3, og|s — 37|7 os] 20 7M | er 4 27 * 16 71. 49 3L Ü G ! ] A Padova 6 30° 820 ~ M Stands for Morning. 4 Afternoon. © for Sunday. (12) An ‘Account of the foregoing Tide-Table. | — By the fame Hand. - Sit, Onfidering how much the River of Thames is fre- quented by Shipping, and how long it has been the Chief Place of Commerce in thefe Parts of the World, one would think our Seamens Accounts of its Tides fhould be very exact, and their Opinions concerning ‘them Rational ; whereas if they be enquired into, no- thing will be found more Erroneous and Idle. | For they taking notice that the High-waters at and near the New and Full Afoons, run an hour and a half, or two Points of the Compajs longer than at the Quar- ters, conclude generally, that ‘tis the Inconftancy of the Winds that caufes it, never confidering how improbable it is, that foinconftant and changeable a Cawfe fhould effec fo conftant an Inequality. | xl In which Opinion the Tide-Tables of our Almanacks have contributed much to confirm them 5 for therein the Moons Age ts got by the Epadés, thence the Time of her Soutbing by the allowance of 48 minutes of Time for every Days Age, as if her Diarzal Motiozs and Returns . to the Meridian were altogether equable, than which nothing is more falfe 5 and then the Time of the High- Water at London- Bridge is made by adding 3 hours to the Time of her Southing fo got, as if there were the fame conftant fpace of Time betwixt the 742025 Southing, and the High-Waters,which by this means are often made two hours different from Truth and Experience. dk To amend this fault, fome of the more skilful have ' Calculated the Times of the Afoons Southings exactly and then made their 7;4de-Tables by adding 3 hours conftantly to them, by which means, tho they agreed nearer with — Experience at the $prizg-Tides, or near the Newand Ful Moon, yet they erred not much lefs (than. by the old way of account they would have done) at the Quarters, erin the Neap-Lides 5 the Inequality of the Zides being : above : | ( 15) « above double to the Errour committed in finding’ the Moons Southings by her Ace... USED worn gnmebi — Mr. Booker was the firft that gave any Directions for the amendment of this Reckoning, and that was only ta fubftra& an hour from the Times in his Tide-Table, about the firft arid laft Quarters of the 200r, becaufe the Neap- Tides did not flow fo long asthe Springs, by one Point of the Compa/s. But Mr. Henry Philips, a Perfon well known by his Worksof Navigation, wascertainly, the firft that brought the Inequality to a. Rule, whole Theory of the. Tides, and a Table grounded on it, for the Tear 1668, was printed in Mr. Oldenburgh's Philofophical Tranfadfi- - ons, for the Month of Aprilthat Year, Nwb.34. which . was found much more conformable to Experience than was expected. : | fic Having frequent Occafion to pafs betwixt Loxdon and -Greenwich by Water, fome two Years agone, [took no- tice that the Tides feldom hcld outfolong as Mr. Philips’s Calculation gave them, and therefore in the Months of Odober and November, 1 began to obferve them more diligently, and procured them to be carefully noted by aningenious Friend at Tower-Wharfe. From thefe Ob- fervations I raifed a Correction of Mr. Philips’s Numbers, and caufed a Tide-Table to be made agreeable to it,which. was Printed by Mr. Hook in his ? bilofopbical Collettions, Numb.4. - 4 pos But the Weather then proving ftormy and unfeafona- ble, Idurft notrely on thofe Obfervations, northat Cor- redion, and thereforein the Spring and Summer Months following of the Year 1682, Ifetto obfervethem again, - and with the help of my Friends and Servants, I1 noted the Times of above 80 High-Waters at Tower-Wharfe and Greenwich, whereby I found that the greateft and leatt differences betwixt the Moons true Sonthing; aad the High-waters, were not, as Mr. Philips had placed them, — _at the Fall or New and Quarter Moons, but the greatelt nearer to the Neaps, the leaft to the Higheft Spring-Lides. I found alfo, that the Inequality was not the fame that . he had made it, and aftera Trial or two, that I could reprefent and anfwer above 60 of thefe obfervatious m eis (n) Bt lefs thanoue quarter of an hours differences which,con- fidering how difficult it is to, determine the Time of an High-Water exactly, Icannotbut efteem a very good A- greement. rons colnagls ! .Hitherto our T7Ze-Tab/es haveonly fhewed the time of that ose High-water. which next follows the Moons Sonth- ing, but in thisnew Table Lhave given the times of both, concerning which, I defire it may be noted. That when by reafon of great Droughts in Summer,or extreme Froits in Winter, the Springs are low, and the | Frefh Waters lefs than ufual, the Tides may hold up long- er than the Times noted in the 7a//e 5 as alfo when ftrong North-Wefterly or Northerly Winds blow, which bring in an Extraordinary Floud from the Northern Sea,and keep. it up longer than other times. | | _ Soon the contrary, when the Winds blow hard on the Oppofite Points of the Compaff, or when we have much Rain and great Frefhes, the Tides hold not out fo long as the Times fhewed in the Zable, the Fre/bes overpowring and checking them fooner 5 Yet haveI never found that the differences betwixt the Cal. ulated and obferved High- Waters have much exceeded half an hour; Moft com- monly they are fcarce half fo much. "This Table may be reducedand made to ferve for any — . other Port of His Majefties Dominions or Neighbouring . Countrys, by only fuübítracting or adding fo much time to the High-Waters noted init, as the High-Water ob- ferved in the faid place (hall be found to precede, or follow the Time ofthe Higb-Water the fame Day herein noted. Forby fuch Accounts as I have met with and - received of the 7;de: 1n remote Places, I find there 1s , every where, about Eeglazd,the fame difference betwixt the Spring and Neap-Tides, that is here obferved: in. the Rüver of Thames. |... LU 1$ | I could eafily havemade and given you a [able for this Reduttion, if I durft have relied, onthe Account our Ma- viners give of the Tides in other Ports, but I find their — Opinions different, except where they have copied from one another in their Kalendars, by reafon of the afore- mention d difference betwixt the Times of the Moons . J | — soutbings, "HN RU Soutbings, and the True High-Waters, for. which. reafon I forbear it, till further Experience fhall have informed hasse do ape Gleaiaeie cupias in ed An Obfervation of the Beginning of tbe Lunar Eclipfe which . bapned Aug: 19. 1601. in the. Morning, made. on ihe Ifland of st. Lawrence . or. Madagafcar, by Mr. Tho, _, Heathcot, aud communicated by Mr. Flamftead.: | A AR. Heathcot. was Chyrurgeon to a Ship which lay 1 | then at the bottom of a deep Bay on the Weflerz Shore of the I/lazd, and that part. whichthe Portuge/e and our Maps call the Zerra del Gada, he had with him then . onShore,a Quadrant of 2Foot Radiws,and a Telefcopeof9 — .. .Foot, but no Clock; tofupply which defect, he made.a | Pendulum of a String and a Bullet 39 Inches long, that each fingle Vibration might .anfwer a Second, of Time: . Waiting the beginning of the Eclipfe with his Glafs, as foon ashe faw the True Shadow enter on the Moons Limb, he caufed his Friends, who affifted him, to make the Pez- dulum Vibrate, and count its Vibrations 5 of which they hid numbred 140 . ;, of time when. he took the height of Procyon (then Eaft of the Meridiaz) Qe» » 2$ 39 the next day he obferved the Suns Meridioval height with the fame Quadrant, whence he found the Latitude of that Place ,? ., South, hence thetime when hetook the Height of Procyox is found .^ ;, ding the ; ;, paft fince the obferved beginning of the “Eclips, its . - T dé: True Beginning wasat 4 .49 40 . Which at the Obfervatory, here, noted at 1 $0 4o therefore this part of Madaga/car more eafferly2 58° co or 44 30, which our Maps make 52 gr; that is 732r more remote from it than it really is. e Exe mane, and fübítra- | (26) . ^ Extrad of a Letter from Mr. "Hevelisa 5 being Obfer- "' wations by him made at Dazizik, of the Comet which began there to appear, Aug.16. 1682. Wperum Cometam aVeftratibus &- Parifienfibus (quan- IN quam adhuc nibil viderim) optime. effe obferuatum, -gullus plane dubito 5. ame quoque pro viribus, quoties aeris gemperies tantum indulfi 5 bic Gedani ex nova mea Specula, . novilque meis Organis diligenter eft amnotatus 5 plurimas etiam diftantias a plurimis Fixis tum Comcte Altitudines Meridianas impetravi: quas autem omnes bic recenfere ni- mts longum foret, nec vacat eas rigidiori calculo fubjicere, dota Hifforia rejicienda erit eo ufque donec Annum Clima- Gericum, atque Appendicem Obfervationum mearum Poff. JI Part, Machine mee Celeftu impetratarum fum editn- vus. Sufficiat hac vice dixiffe Cometas bunc hic Gedani die 25 Augufti St, N. primum detetfum, atque a die 26 Aug. ad 17 Sept. quoties tantum. ferenitas aeris permifit, debi- te fummaque cura awe obfervatum ejje, tant mane, quam vefperi, imo etiam per aliqua continuas nodes, cum exifte- ret pernax: qua via autem, qua velocitate, fub quo angulo Orbite € Ecliptice progre[fus fuerit, ex adjedia Tabella patet 5 quanetanen (quod fcias welim) mon ex accurato cal- culo, fed ex Globo tantummodo laxiori ratione concinnavi : cum fablimiora [ludia, in edendo Novos Globos. Celeftes meos, cum Catalago Fixarum, © que eo pertinent id. mi- wime permittant. Quod negotium, cum majoris fit mo- "enti (niff me mea fallit opinio) in bacce mea proved iori etate expedire, preffat reliqua leviora bac vice relinquere, aliisque plus otii babentibus commendare, — à . An, 1682. : Longitudo | Latitudo Motus in Menf.dits. Hor. x Comite. comte. ^. pr. orbit, ; a P. : o- Y lS GE i f ANE E326 OBE vn Mat. - 23 30. | 210 Bore. 27. X45, 0% TOP. 5.0 23 39 Io 0 fere Aug 30 9 o Vip. 22 0 \2§ 40 Bor 3 E $ 5 él 30 3 30 Man 48 0o OL 26250 $t SL 31 3 30 Maz. 24 30 26 0 Septtm § 3 30 Man, L0 04 WT." 26x Os fere Pei Septem’ 0.9 9 FUN... 6:0 T TR TID 25 do NE Pg 45 Notanda: Nodus Boreus in 2 es & Nodus Auftr. in24 m; Limit vero Ín 24 SL & av extiterunt. Rips gn ds. v "a Rs C47) An, 1682. Ho. Fo... Longitude Latitudo - Motus in Menf. dies. in Ard Comtta. Conte. prop. orbit. — ; Oo. 521 Modgnu rw $ p^ Ash D * - " F ) e o m 5:09 og LH "so 7 20 30 5 Septem. 8 8 /— o Ves. 32 0 " q81:. 5 8 o fere 48.98 430. Vb. 15,30. Rag ag 3 305. v do (1895 O0 Pf. 18 0 ee Me! aki 3) ao fete “Septem. 12 8 ra) Vesp. * omo n 14 o p. $ one Ms wipes. aggods eas. 1ggo 22 Lo à que : Angulus Orbitz & Eclipticz fuit 26 fere. Utrum autem toto dura- cd s tempore ommiao conflans cum Nodis extiterit? an vero & quoufque (e € variaverit ? us fiepius. fieri folet, ex calculo patebic. En incen diurnum aliquanto accuratiorem ad fingulos Ies, 243 OWnUsBte d : | sd Mtf. Motus | : gy ; x hus pru P 3 oa EA Sic ut motu proprio in fua Orbita cog Ve — Diwnu. fecerit a die 26 Augufti ad 13 Septem. Ang. s jg 993 e in Ecliptica À ,;: Latitudo ve- 28' § as, 70 Dorealis creverit ad 95 rurfus decre- Aug. i | 3 4% n 2,7 Vide Poftfcriptum de Cau- ag 9 da one : Stpte ees 49 Cateruu cum Cometa fefe oculis noftris $ 4 43, prorfus fubduxiffet carpi tres fuperiores Fla- Spt. 4 $ 34 Betas RU SO, qui baud wultune ab in- 2 $ M vicam diffabant, atque ad 5. vergerent Sept. 9 4 30 Aliquanto crebrius ac diligentius novo no- 8 4 2 Ueoffro Sextante Orichalcico dimetiri, ut | Sete 3 SN : fuo tempore ipfe obfervationes docebunt. zr 2 49. Hac vice folummodo vobu referam, quid 13.2 0 dije 27 Septem. a we peradum fits eo prefertiuz attento, quod nonnlli fpem fe- ciffent, die 27 Septem. St. N. Lunam Corniculatam | de- crefcentent omnes tres modo ditto: Planetas omnino tetu- rams qué occultationes ut rariffime, & quidem (imul una eademque die accidunts fic fane merentur. obfervari a qui- busvis Rerum Coleflium Scrutatoribus. Suare ego officio teo nolui decife 5 fed fummo mane, ab hora fecunda, -ad Solis occafum diligenter bis congre{fibus invigilavis o» - wt be occultationes de die inciderent, fperaffetm tamen. mo optime omnia wotaturum 5 fed Calum omnino nubilum ab ipfo Solis exortu ad occafum ufque id NIME indulfit. Ma- an : $$€5 (8) ne, bora 3 celo aliquanto fereniori, Lutam tum ives veli quas Plageas tudo" quidem éopfpexi oculd 5 fed Luna &o tempore adbue ad feptem virciter. gradus removebatur f.f. f. occajua wer [ns 5 unde certo concludere poteram; ante meri- diew Lunam motu fuo reliquos tres Planetas baud. affecu turaut. Quantum antem ex inclinatione Coryuum Lune, quoad, Planetarum: dudtum colligere licuit, protinus. perfpi- ciebam, mulas fore occultationes, fed'tantusm tranfitus 5 fie at^ Luna infra illos fuperiores Planets incederet,’ “In, qua opinione magts anagtspue etiam fui confinmatus.: cum die fubfequente 28 fc. Sep. mane, mec Regulus fuerit a Luna tellus, qua Stella, ratioue, utriufque Latitedinis potins: ac cultarà debuiffet. Regulus namque in ipfa. Conjungeme, bora fe. 4. ; diftabat in fuperiori. » Gornu Boream verfus ad- buc ,s \+3 id quod optimo Micrometro, Tübogue egrezio accurate obfervatuueft > adeovut wulla prorfus fuerit . Oc- cultatio Reguli ,. fed: tantumazoda: Lune, transitus." He pariter accidit; die. 25 October circa illas occultationes, quas mommilli predixerantiNam Jupiter e? Saturhus "HecHon d die 26 O&ob. St. N. sinime fuerunt a Luga obtedii ; fed Luna fatis longe infra Planetas ince[fit : quot vero mi- entis precife, tempore Sin Planetirabfuerit, colum fubnu- bilum adeo accurate wicrometro dimetiri minime tum cons celfit.. Sitz tamen h C» Y. hac die. 26, bera. fr. 1. 4L wane Tubo ac Micrometro difovex voto. deprebendere mi- hi obtigit: quo tempore (iimul fixa quadam fatis confpicua — (quod. notatu. dignum) ditbis Plametis fatis prope adbene- bat Jupiter fe fe cuse tribuy conritibus: thm offetebat? Forte € enartus adfuit, fód-ob'anbeculas baud fuit com petíus Sa- turnus di'abata Jove js jupiter a Stella (mi fallor in armo dextró 9& y 8°43 Ruxfus Saturnus 2 diii a\Stella wes Stella dida verfatur moto juxta wofivum Catalogun 2 5 1 ; ét Qo Latit. MEL is t92 A 5AlM 0 ¥ ( euh Di % 3o QQob. mne bor. 5. vurfar toy 3b dien ao dimen[us [uus ea nimitim intentione (cum focsiendnis Ephemerides &-adbse infiaret atque 3. Now eekbrarr pes- mum debere) wwe jam Jóvemoaliguanto^ propioremn Safur- 70 Woenturum 5 fed fre plane fume fruivatus, \“Siquidem die Stantiadi@a, qua diert OCR). c shacdié , 3. voxTitit-atque ‘fic notabiliter major veperta eft. Made eerto ^ colDgere licu- | "E . ae P ^md : € 127 it ODP OPT OMEN jet cele ROMA det eelebrataim effz quam Ephemerides Cà culus primum die 3 Novem, exbibezt. Jd quod fubjequentes obforvationes adbuc clarius demon- frrant. Nave loco, quod di[lantia M. Cis. de die. indie: Cfi d nfaret) paulatim minor feri debebat, continuo quia d. o Ipir 1^ Nov. Do. 2x gant, ope Micremelri noite: Gitta diftantiaexsitit .; s Et die Luna, a. Nov, ean- Bar dant vfu? rir uis Died 3. Nov. man bor.1. ja: ,:25 Die 9 4 Nov. celo perquam. ferezo, ad- Buc paulo major -ditta diftantia inier ¥ ce Wedeprebenfa, fic ut amplius meo Micrometro eandem dimetiri baud po- - dueripe, fed Septane,per diStantias cam jmpetraré. Ex qui- bus iterum iterumque fatis fuperque nuncpatet, Superiores Planetas Epheneridum . Computatores, omniumque. Calculune egregie elufiffe, Conjunctionemque Magnam non die 3 Nov. Sed longe. citius. incidiffe s. fic ut Tabula omues feria corred- — done,etian in Superioribus Plauetis (ut jane-oline in Mercurio apto fufecienter demonftravi) indigeant. E Capite. Cauda. hujus Comet, Aug. 1682. non- $^ nulla adbuc. referenda funi, que fuperius recenfere oblitus eram. Toto durationis tempore; lucidius ac etiam ali- quanto majus caput, quam isle Anno 168 15e contrario, mul- to breviorem caudam exhibuit, Im ipfo capite,beneficia longio- ris Telefcopiinon nifi unicum nucleum figure ovalis e globo- fa con[lanter. motavituus 5 mi6 quod die prafertim 8 Sept. ex ditto nucleo clariffimus fimul radius, ex parte etiam incur- vatus in caudam exiret : quod ut notari meretur. (cum ejus generis faciem, in nullo adbuc Cometa, quam iura. enemini, obferuaverinz) fic Inbens volui, | fimul bic faciem capitis _ cade delineatam dare. Preterea fcieudumy quod monnun- quamyut die 30 Aug. manefatfum, caudam fatis prasife dm oppofitum Solis direxerit s fed fepins etianenotabilem devia- tionem (prout in plurimis Cometis fepins fierà folet ) ex hz bue- rit. Longitudinem quoque. Coma mon. femper vandem confer- wavit. initio-cauda fere X2 grad. videbatur 5 deinde nonnun- | quam brevior, interdum etiam longior ad 34, 16. grad’ ex- bitit 5 circa finem vero quotidie diminuta est. : : C 2 An Poftfriptum. ( 20 ) ^e Account of fome Books: ^ 000— Y, KAAYAIOY IITOAEMAIOY APMONIKON BIBAIA I’. CLAUDII PTOLEMAI Harmonicorum Libri Tres, Ex - "Codd. Mff. "Undecim, nunc primum Grace Editi, Johan- “nes Wallis, (f, b. D. Geometrie Profeffor Saviliauus Oxonie, Regie Societatis Londini Sodalis, Regiaque Majeffatà a Sacris 5, Recenfuit, Edidit, Verfione c No- "dis illustravit, CG AuBarium adjecit. — Oxonii, e Thea- ^ fro Sheldoniano, A.D. 1682. In Quarto. 2 PE“ His work baving been never before Printed in | Greek, and but very imperfedly in Latine, by Anton. Gogavinus of Graves,above a 100 Years fince,when -goodskill in theGreek Tongue was more rare: our learned -Profeffor took it for'a Task well agreeing’ with his Pro- vince, to give it us ina more perfect Edition. For which purpofe, he hath moft diligently compared the Azanu- feript Copies, for reftoring and perfecting the Greek Text. And adjoyned a new Latine Tranflation of the whole: together, with Notes on the Text. Therein rectifying many Miftakes ofthe Tran/cri¢ers 5 efpecially in the Num- bers 5. which (by Calculation of the whole anew, accor- ding to the mind of Ptolemy, declared in the Text) he -hath reftored totheirTategrity. inch (STEEP "This Work of Ptolemy,gives an Account ofthe Nature of Sounds in general, but efpecially.of thofe which are Mufical 5: as of the feveral Sorts of Lowes, and their Ra- -tio’s one to another 5 with other Particulars. Shewing alfo;how Harmony may be fitly compared to the Motions of the Humane Souls and thofe'of Celeftial Bodys. “And isthe more confiderable, as being not only the belt ofall | the Greek Muficians; butas it alfo gives an Account of the xeft5 wherein they agreed, or difagreed, one with ano- ther; and upon what Principles. -^ ^ ^ ^ "^ Thereis alfo added an Appendix, by the DoZor, Con-.- -taining a brief Account of the Apcient Harmonicks,accor- ding to the different Seés of the Asthors, compared one withanother ; and with the /uo(ick of this Age : AE j | OW dem | C28) : how and wherein the Greek Afufick agreed or differ’d from ours; And how the feveral particulars thereof,are, for the moft part, retained inours, but very differently exprelled 5 and what in the one, anfwers to what in the other. There is herein, a fhort Collection of all or moft of what occurs material, in the feveral Greek Authors on this Subject 5 as well thofe Publifhed by aseibomews, as others yet remaining amongít us in Manufcript; all Me- eed digefted, and brought into a Narrow Com- fafs, that the Reader may have atonce a view of the Greek and Modern Mufick,compared together. A Work which we doubt not, will be very. acceptable to thofe who are willingto look into the Speculative Part of Adufick, He hath now alfo, in the Preísat Loudon, a Treatifeof Algebra, Hiftorical and Practical; Shewing its Original . and Progrefsin feveral Ages, and the feveral fteps where- by it hath advanced to the height at which now it is, - Whereofa further Account is intended, when it.is Print- IL . Obfervations upon tbe DUBLIN-BILLS of Mortality, 168r, | And: the STATE of that CITY. By the ob- fervator on thee LOND OO N-BILLS of Mortality. London Printed for Mark Pardoe at the Black Raven, _ over against Bedford-Houfe zz the Strand, 1683. T His little Book (confifting but of 3 Sheets of Paper): is Magnum ix Parvo. Conteining very Confiderable Remarques deduced only from 6 London-Bills, 15 Dab- in-Bills, anda Note of the Families and Hearths in each: — Parith of Dablix: all digefted into 3 Tables, marked 4, B,C, which the excellent Author iagenioully,yet grave- ly aud truly, calls, The A, B, ©, of Publique Oeconomy. - — y thor of this Letter, herein firft takes notice of the 5 feveral fteps by which the Doétrine of the Avagnet, hath _ been advanced to its prefent State. That its Power of at- tratting Iron, hath been takennotice of beyond 1! q7- —Oflory. But that itsverticity to the Poles, was firft obferved . about 4co years (ince by our Countryman Roger Bacoz.- That it givesthe fame vertue to Stecl, ( whence the In- vention. of the Needle between 300 and 400 years | fince ) by the Italians. The various Delineation of the Needle from the Meridianin variousPlaces,by Sebastianus, Cabottus.. The Inclination hereof to the nearer Pole, by our Countryman fobert Norman. And that withia thefe - few Years, the Variation of the Decliaatioa, and that in. one and the fame place,hath alfo been taken noticeof by Mr.Hevelius, Aszout, Petit, Volchamer, and others, Upon confideration whereof, and for that it feems by | | the Obfervations mentioned, that the faid Variation be- ing regular] y made, depends not, according to the Con- | je&ture ot Des-Gartes upon the Earth; its being more Irozg or Magnetick in fome places,than in others 5 ; nor upon any otherirregular Caufe : he here Incites the Ingenious in - all Countrys, to give their joynt affiftance, for the bring- ing this Poizt to a certainty. From whence we may rea- . fonably expect, amongít other particulars,great Improve- ments in a thele two, mue and Eg. : Vi | A . Fer bes € 24) | For thispurpofe,he wifhes, F hat the Obfervationsmay be made every where about the fame time, efpecially, about the Equizoxes and the Summer Solflice. That the Meridian line be taken by Aziwouths , as one of the belt ways. That every Obfervation bemade atleaft with two Needles 3: and that thefe Needles be neither too little, nor too great ; he having frequently experienced thedeceit- fulnefs of both extremes. Concluding with a Caution, that the Obfeavations be made upon an exa& level. | - Jt is intended, that the 7ranfaétions for the next Month, fhall come forth about the end of the Zerz. .. js gs LONDON: Printed for Henry Hunt, Operator to the Royal Society. _~ And Sold by him at the Repofitory in Grefham College: By 7. Rogers at the Bible in Weftminfter-Hall; and by ~ 3. V dn at the Princes-Arms in St. Panls-Church- — Tara. eit : be ERRATA: D Ag 4. Lg. v. petrified. p.6. l20 valens, p 9.1.2. dele ai. p.1s.1.56. t: às Wert. p.16. lo. v. zndul fit. Var. pofi vi. Paytom. lao.r. aliquot. 200 —— s.pernox. I 31for 1. 0." p.17.l.1. for ir’ L8.for 1800, r-186 30 1. to. for 250 30'L250' l.20.for $ 28. r, 5.0 28 ' l;2s.for49 r.46, 125.t.invicem l.35. f» ut ut». p.18. Lour. reliquos. | xoa magifque. 1.14.r.fc. for inte. l.2c.for darc. L22/for énr.a. p.19. 27r. caleulifque lodge. lx2«r. fed ftxtante. lae. n. di gibbt[e. y22.1,18.t« Declinations. HS as et eY UAM er, N rx s. SQ Ss 7 AS Qs EN 4, UK Va) V) AM A MÀ SSS LS 6 SS ^) /[/ / ( DO AMM) XL 1 y AAT // 3 (| i A qn j j: N S = | CPhilofoph. Yranfact. Na. Fio: 1. MBurghers feulp ESI hors Nd: YA : PHILOSOI HICAL TRAN SACTIO NS... : THO T fih 1 685. he CONTENTS. —— VIPERA C AU D I- SONA ases edis | Or the Anatomy of a Rattle-Snake diffeéted at the Repo- ( : - fitory of the Royal Society zn January 1682 by Edward . .. Tyfon M, D. Coll.Med.Lond. Cand. & Reg.Societat.Soc. . An Account of fome Books » 1. Martin “Lifter eS. R. . Lond. DE FONTIBOS MEDICATIS AN- GLI Exercitationova & prior. V1. Fo.- Alphonft Bos 7 reli Neapolitani Mathefeos Profefforis DE MOT Uv. A- Re Nes Md LÍI'OM es pod | SAL | “VIPERA ch Lo SONA Pra bou Or the Anatomy ofa Rattle-Snake , Defected at the Repofitory of zbe Royal Society zz January 1633. by Edw. Tylon M.D. Coll. Med. Loge, Cand. dol $. dO. - Pm w He QUU I. (ali RU give are dug as a xn on B. Suljeilwould afford, not what might compleat. the cet Aiftory of fo Curious an Animal. And tho it were mightily to be wiht that we had at leaft che moft accurate account, and, exacteft 4£uatomy, of one of every diftin& RE, of Animals y yet this cane: be. expeded but of D : | thole | | ORD - : | thofe that are moft commion ; where frequent repeated Diffedtions nean ees us of Natures admirable con- irivance,and Mechamfm of Animal Bodies. | "This which We Diffetfed was fent to Mr. Henry Loades , . a Merchant in Loudon, from Verginca; who was pleafed not only to gratify the curiofity of the A; Secety infhewing - . it them alive, but likewife gaveit them when dead, and. -fo-afforded-them an opportunity of farther fatisfa&ion . in obferving the zzmard parts of it ; which I find fo confor- mable in almoft all refpetts to thofe of a per, that | have - taken the liberty of placing it in that Cla. and (fince it has not yet, that | know of, any Latine Name) of give- ing it that of Pzpera Caudifonas for as Yam inform'd by _— Merchants , 'tis Zzviparous , and the Epithet fufficiently — _ differences it from thofe that have no Raztle, although of thefe too. there ought to be made aSubdivifion. ^ Butl - fhall concern my felf at prefent only with the Zfzatomy; which I thinkisyet given by None ; tho to me it feems the moft principal part in a Natural Hiftory of Animals ; . andfor other Accounts I fhall refer to Georg. Marcgravius, Gul. Pifo. Tobn[lon , Neerembergius , Joan. de Laet, Fran. fernandez, and others that have wrot ofits who de- fcribe it under the Names of Bozgenenga, or Borgentninga, and Bozquira, which are the Brafle Names. By the Portu- gues’s "ds called Cafcavela and ‘Tangador; by the Dutch, ARaétel-Schlange ; by thofe of Mexico, Teutlacocaubqui , or J eubtlacot zaubqua, (i.e. ) Domina Serpentum , andftom its {wift motion onthe Rocks like the Wind, Hoacoatl. — Butas to our Bz/ine/* , before we look within we fhall take a fhort furvey of its ovtward parts. — This therefore that we diffected was 4 foot 5 Incheslong ; the girth of the Body in the largeft places which was the meddle, was 6: Inches; the girth about the Neck 3 inches; near the Raitle 2 inches 5 the Head flat on the top-as is the Ver, and by the protuberance of the Maxille fomewhat re- prefenting the head of a bearded arrow; at tbe extremity — - of it werethe ANo[lrills, t between them and the Eyes » Traba.Figs.a | UNT but £9 Je | CER). o - - * Tb. 2. but fomewhat lower, were two other Or/fices, * which] Fi 9 5 took forthe Earer; but after found they only led into. a bone that had a pretty large cavity, but no perforation. Vipers have not thefe orzfices in the head 5 and Charas: faith - that they hear by the Nojffrdls 5. and that to them run not only the Olfactory, but Auditory Nereesalío. The Eye was round, about; of an Inch dzameters in Colours the make of the Pupil, and other refpects, likea Vipers, as in- deed except in the Aattle, was the whole external fhape of this Animal. 'T here was alarge Scale jetting over the Eye, ^which feemed to ferveas a Palpebra tor defending it from any thing falling onit 5 buck could not perceive*twas ca-.— pable of elofzg, tho inwards t feem'd to. have a membrane niclitans, which removes any duft that might adhere to the ya. PEE ; | cher EE |^ The Scales on the bead were the fmalleft of any s thofe | . enthe Back larger , and fo proportionably greater to the _ biggeft part of the Body ; and fo diminifhing thencea- gain to the fetting on of the Rattles allin figure fome-* what refembling Parfmp Seeds. Their colour various; thofe on the Head, like the colour of the feathers on the : back of a Green-finch; {peckled with fmall black fpots; : whereof there were four larger and. more remarkable, Thofe on the back were a dark Feuillemerte, a black and a | . A darkifh yellow , and fpeckled, making a curious chec- ^ . -— queror dapplingonthe back by this intermixture of co- lours, but as they grew nearer the Tae they became _ darker, and at laft almoft Black. The Scales on the back had an edgedrifing in the middle, which was ftill lefs protu- berant as they grew nearer the fides, where they were at. | js The Belly feemed flat, covered with long Seales ofa - _ yellowifh colour, fpeckled black. From the Neck tothe Anus we number'd 168 ; beyond the Anus were two half Seales; thence 19 whole Scales of a black lead colour with yellowith Edges ; from thence to the Rattle 6 orders or rows of fmaller /cales of the fame colour. D 2 The | (28 ) ! - "The fcales ofthe Belly were joyn’d.to’ each other by di- ftin& mafeless the lower Tendon of each muiifcle being in- ferred into the upper edge of the following /cales and the other Tendon of the fame Mu/fcle inferted about the middle of the foregoing /cale. Thefe * Mafcles were more. flefhy- towardsthe middle of the/cales and chen its fibres did run obliquely afeending. : To each /cale was appropri- ateda Rib, whofe point did joyn with the extream of C it,which muft much advantage the ufe Nature feems to de- fign them for, by ftrengthening them to perform their | reptile motions; for the fcales are as fo many feet. which being. free, and open downwards, they thereby take hold of the 2round,'and fo contract their body forwards, and then: fhoor out again, and fo perform their zo£zon. Whence tis 'obferved by * Neerembergeus , that on Rocks their motion is much quicker, *than on the Earth, or Plas ; which he needed not to make a’ wonder of ; fince here they have che firmer footing. Butin foft ground, tho their belly be fla;yet they can contract it to an Elypfs or an acute angles. that fo they may take the deeper hold, as] have obfer-. -Ved'iaca d gers «212 30 110105 952 4 | atts Since they mutt be always grovelling on the ground.’ ‘tis a great provifion of Nature in furnifhing them with. ‘this coat of armor for their defence ; which is fo curioufly - contrived,that tho it covers the whole, yet by its frequent _ joyntings it admits.of all mozzons.. And for this too, the ver- . tebre of the Spine feem admirably contriveds.there being a round ball in the lower part of the upper vertebra 5 which enters a focket: of the upper part of the lower vertebra s. as. e the round head of the Thigh bone does the: acetabulum of the os Lich, by which means ic can turn it felf any way.’ . Having. placed iton its back, we opened(it's and'ob- ferved that the Tendons of he Abdominal mufcles: made a — linea alba in the midft of the/cales of the Belly 5 where like- wife did run a large * blood Veffel, arifing trom, the. Vena *Fig. x vr. cava,towards the lower part of the Liver.Butnottobetoo s Fig.t. SIS $< “nice | e ( 39 ) | ' nice here, we proceeded to examine the Zfcera, and fhall here give the remarks in fhort, which I made ofthe Wind-, (pies, Lungs , Otfophasur » Stomack, Guts, Heart, Ltver,. _ Gall-bladder , Spleen, Kidneys, Organs of generation, th ( poser | Sent-bags , and then defcribed the Alead), the Venemous Teeth, the Sceleton and Ratile; and for the better Under-. - —. ftanding the 'Ufes of thefe parts, we fhall often makea Comparative Survey of chem with thofe of other Anzmals. The Wind-pipe here was differing from that of moft o» ther dmmals, which ufually having theircartdages 2nnu- lar, orat leaft conjoyned by amembrane, do forme a fiftula for conveying the wr into the Bronche ; which. e thence is tranfmitted into the fimall Bladders of the OPE 1.24% Dunes, But" here,whicais common with it to the zper- Aind;as fcon asit enters the éreaf/,prelenily meeting with the Lungs,it confilts onely of femz-anuular Cartilagess which being joyned at both ends to the membraneot the Lungs, | .- inwardly is quite opcm, and. immediately tranfmits the aw to the Veficule of the Luags as will better appear by || Fig. 4, the || figure. For dividing the “/Vind. pipe we perceived. fs. — jrteafily extended above 14 Inch wide ; whereas before ic. | meets With the Langs the Carizlages areannular. The Tra- —\ chea ot Wind-pipe was 20 {aches long, terminating near the Heart and beginning of the Lever, and reaching to that part of the Lungs which made the great bladder. / The. Cartilages of the Trachea near the beginning. were 5 of an, Inch, but toward the end £of an Inch , and lying Aattifh , from end to end. Thefe Carzazes were not fo.diftin& as- — inother Ammals ; but often running into oneanother. | . . The Ufe ofthe Trachea is plain, for conveying the wr into the Lungs; which how confiderable an Organ they are Nature feems to thew us by the admirable contrzvance, and | | Largene[s of their Strutture. They begin from the Z brost, * Fig. 1. b. and run down 3 Foot inlength. " The wpper part of them - that lay inthe fore part of.the body for the length of. , afoor, and did reachto the Heart, was made, of fmall. (0 0 7o Eefeule ox Cells,. like the Lungs of a Frog: : butfiom HOM anis doe cccingkait biis. a the. ~ = eed (897 - the frequent branchings and checquer of the d/ood veffels there, appeared of a florrid red. This part ta- pers proportionably to the Body; the loweft part of it near the Heart moderately blown, was incompafs 5+ Inches ; a little lowers for the fpace of 4 Inches, the Cells gradually difappeared ; fo chacthey feemed at laft to form only à retecular compages of valvule conniventes on the infide of the membrane ofthe Lungs 5 and the compafs of the greateft place here was about 6; Inches; but from — thence to: the end of the Lungs was only a large* Bladder * «::c«. without any Cells; compofed of athin, but ftrong tran(- parent membrane, the compafs of which blown as the former was 84 Inches. |. - | | The Lungs of the Salamandra Aquatica, and fome o- ther Animals , ate only two large bladders. In the Frog, Crocodile &c. are two large lobes, filled with membranous veficule or Cells. Our Rattle-Snake, and'all that Family, tho they have but one /obe of Lungs, yet in that they comprife. the 2 former Sorts; the fore part being filled with numerous J"efzcule 5 the later an entire large bladder. In the /and-Tortozs there are two lobes, one on each fide ; but thefe are fubdivided into feveral others, accor- ding to the partitions of the Azés that are fixed to the fhells and they ly chiefly in the dey, that is, chelow- - er part ofthe body. But what I would remark.is, that where the Eronchie firftenter thefe fubdivifions us retz culous s then they form a large cavity: fothatin thefe 24- mmals, where the nixus of Refpiration is not fo frequent , Nature ptovidesa fufficient ftore-houfe for this(fo neceffa- ry a Pabulum vite) in thefe larger bladders. whence tis difpenced according to the exigency of the Oeconomia A- nimalis, Vor the Torcois, Viper, Rattle-[nake, Frogs, Toads &c. which fleepa great partof the year 3 as before they betake themfelves to this repofé, they take in their ftore- of Food; fo perhaps thatof ar too, a more conftantly requifite fupply of Zzfe. For whenthus ftupidly a/leeps and fometimes to all appearance Dead; it may be rper | | | | e C 3r J ned whether they have any motion of thofe parts, which is required for drawing in frefh Air in infpiration. But fince their life hereisío imperceptible and fmalls this ftock may be fufficient, the decay being fo little. Sothe Salamandra aquatica, that lives under water, for Lungs has two /arge Bladders, not unlikely for this Reafon ; that it might not be forced fo often to raife it felfout of .the Water to breath in frefh air when the former is fpent and decayed. d | > : - Ina Voper lately Difleéted, which remained alive fome daies after the $&u, and molt part of the V2/cera were fe- parated, I obferved the Lungs all this while not rifing and falling,asin Jnfperatzon, and Experation, butconftanr, equally extended with zr 5 that as foon as it dyed, it exe pired, and they fel. But the Stomack was empty, and I doubt not was fo fome confiderable time before ; as was the > Rattle-Snake’s, which for 4 Months at leaft had eat- . ten nothing : fo that although they can live fo long with- out Food, yet Nature is mighty provident in fupplying them with “zr, in beftowing on them fo large Receptacles . for receiving ir. So the Ephemeron, the Sumorm and other Butterflies, which all their life time, when in that ftate, do not eat,or take in any food, yechave their Broncbie, or Lungs, remarkably large. and numerous, as if they were . fufficient alone for maintaining their L/fe, for if they be occluded with Oy/, or otherwife, they are ftrait /uffocated, — and dye convulfed. | SATE .. But wee fhall now take notice of thofe parts that are for receiving the Foods And firft of the Oc/ophagus, or _-Gula, which ferves for the tranfmiring irinto the /romacks .. and indeed this feems the only ufe of this part in moft o- 0-00 o ther Animals ; but here Nature may be thought to intend itior fomethiug more , and to make ufe of it upon occa- : . fion as a Stomack, or Stomacks toos for upon blowing + Fig. v df, up this part; I obferved two larget f/wellings , as reprefen- b Narrant multi , qui eum Serpentem domi alere. folent atque educare, aanum integrum durare abfque cibo nilo poruque Nietemberg. Hifl, Nat, l, 12. (ap.1 d "en d E te yas ye U | zo AT OA d ted inthe Frgure; nor was the true Stomack capable of that extenfion as thefé were. The whole length of the 0c/o- ‘phagus was two Foot 33 Inches; the length of the pro- per t Stemack 5 Inches, lying in a ftraite line with the Ge/o- phagus, but thicker than it, having a remarkable coat .moreon the:infides eafily diftingnifhable by its .colour, -fübítance and Pe; and jetting over the infide of the Gal- let 5 and in ali refpects as inthe Vipers. From the Pylorus the * Ductus ftraitened again for 12 inchs and then fore + ri, ;, c. med a large |j Intefizne, which afforded a pleafant fight, by ||. ,, ,. the weaved Ruge, of its inward coats’ which Gauzafter..— - fome fmalk|windiig]1» .endedat, laft inthe T Rectum, 1 / f f- whofe capacity was much lefs than the former. In the Szo- mack and Guts 1 obferved abun dance of Lumbricz teretes whichis a difeafe Hapers likewife are fubject to, The whole Jengthfrom the'Threat to the Anus, is but a con- tinued Ductis s tho oft variou(ly diftinguifht, according to Natures different intention in. the feveral /peczes of Ant- mals: in noneiisfo plainand Simple , as in the 4cus Marz- nus , where you have neither Qefopbazus or Stomack, but only a ftraite paffage, and that too without any valvess on- ly growing a little more taper towards the.4zus. In other Fith there is no Ocfophagus..; in fome-but.a very fhort one. inother 4mmals tis, not only long, bucby its swelling: in — fome places, has acquired different Names, as the Ja- ,gluvies , or Crop in Birds; the Paunch ox mezdaw kin n Quadrupeds; and what ule they do perform, the fame A take thefe Smelkngs in the.G ullet of the Aaizle Snaketo doe likewifes5 they being convenient receptacles for retaining _ what Food the Stomack cant yet well receives and here - it feems the more requifite,fince they feed but ac one time. But fince in that, promifcuous food they take in; which they fwallowalways whole,there are often fome parts unfit. -to' bedigefted., and. therefore to be récurned. again 3 the ‘Gullet here being very long, and upon that account incom- | modious for this action, Nature has provided thefe fwell- ae tt s^ £685). Us ingsinif , where they may be refpited, till tecon&ting its force, it givesthem another lift, and upon a Third effort at laft wholly eje&sthem. Andif what is coi.fident!y re- ported by many, be true, chat on occafion of danger they receive their young intotheir Mouths, thefe are fit places for receiving them. nn i. AE T hefood before it can prove. alisgeng, muft be commi- puted , and broaken into the . ímalleft. particles; which in thefe membranous Stomacks » 1 cant fee how it can be performed, but by corrofion. RUM | A principal menfíruum io doing this, Itiketo be that liquor, which is difcharged by the Glands that are feated in fome tat the begining of the. l'hroat,and are called Sakval, or juft above the Stomack or Gzzard of Birds , and called the £chinus,or in others in the Stomack its felf, and called the glandulaus coat ; and fuch I take the inward coat of the Stomack of our R atzle- Snake to be. - e When comminuted tis difchargedinto the Guts; which that the €byle might not país off. with the Faces, are often * Fig.2» ee, COnVOluted, or winding as“ here; that fo by impedinga | too quick defcent of it this way, or by Valves, a feparation . may the better be made; and then the Feces as ufelefs , cant quicker be difcharged than by the rectum; which where the Faces are hard, is furnifht with a ftronger mu/- cle the better to help its afl/oz 5 and fuch feemed the reum here 5 and the Faces harder thenufualin Vipers. — — So thatthe whole Dudfus Alzmentalzs from its ufes, may ordinarily be divided into 4 parts. 1. That which conveys - the Food, the Oefophagus. 2 That which digefts or cor- rodesit,the Stomack. 3 That which deftributes the chy/e, the Znteffines. 4, That which empties the faves, the Red- um, But a Leech is all Stomack, from one end co the other, — and do’s devour ata meale feveral times the weight of its whole body : The Somack when fwell’d and ilrecht with blood is far bigger than the Leech it felfe s nay feveral times exceeds it, Bur 1 miftook the number, it was notone, out many dtomacks; for the cavity is divided by feveral = econo f FEY Bhan | ( 34 ) tranfverfemembranes, into divers diftin€t Camera’ss but thefe membranes in the middle have a hole that leads from one into the other: but by the pouching out of each fide; each of thefe may be reckoned alfo two; inall we may number. (there being 10 or 11 of thefe Came- ras, .befides thofe 2 long ones which at laft run to the taile) at leaft two, if not four and twenty Stomacks, but the Retlum which lyes bérween the forking of the 2 laft long Sacculi;or Stomacks;is but (mall; and fhort in refpe& of the — whole; but of this perhaps more in my Anatomy of this Jan 9" TO Proceed QC 09 Pl os ow We thall next take notice of the + Heart, which was + Fig. s. K. placed near the bottome of the Zrachea, on the right fide of it. The length of it was 1 2 Inch, its figure rather flat - thanround; encompafled with a Pericardium , and the * Auricle larger than the heart it felf. | It hath but one Ventricle, the valves fmall , and flefhy : and the infide of the Ventricle diftinguifh't by 4 or 5 crofs furrows. Why Charas fh»uld. make the Heart ofthe 7er to have two Ventricls, { fee no reafons 1 fhould much more eafily allow a double Zfzricle, one at the entrance of the Vena cava of which there are two ||branches defcending and one afcending ; the other for the Zrzerza Aorta, which has two afcending and one defcending 0 branch as in the] s» Fares ota bow | ji as g^ little below the ZZearzliesthe * Levers which was * e». about an Inch wide in the largeft place, and feemed divi- - ded on one fide by the ena cava into two lobes of an une- quallength ; for that on the left fide was about 10 Inches, and that on the right fide abcut a foet long ; itscolour a brown red, and its ufe no doubt for the feparating the Gall chat was contained ina Tf bladder feated at fome di- ftance below it. It was oncetheopinion of $y/ozus, that — the Gall was tranfmitted hence into the Lzver to be mix- ed with the blood, and not there-feparated fromit s but what the famous Malpzzbi wrote to the contrary, ina creat meafure brought him off it:and our Subje& here,is an le ) z 4, ll 222. (84 9 3 Argument againft him , where the Gall Blaader is placed *Fig. 19 2¢. fo remote from the Liver, and the * Ductus for conveying n 4. it into the Jnteffene, is fo evident s whereas that which brings it from the izver is moreobícure, and hard to be found, The Gall-bladder here was 2 Inches long, the colour of the Gall contained.in a grafs-green, which fwea- sting through it's coateshad deeply tinged all the adjacent parts , the raft cf it in a per which feems the fame, for I did not taft it here, was -firft (alt; then a {weet bitter. The Ductus Cyflicus. by which it emptyes it felt into the Inteftine, arifes from the top of the Bladder; fo gently de- fcending paffes thrcugh thar part which Charas takes for the [] Pancreas; but which the Ancients called the Spleen, and fo enters the beginning of the large Jnteffene. . Indeed in. Zzpers, the Colour of this part, and fituation [o neare the Znteffine, feems an Argument for Charas his conjecture, for he modeftly propofes it as fuchs bur here in our Subject, ies Colour. which wasdeep red , and fuch hitherto I have obferved the Pancreas to be inno Amma, as \ikewife its figure, not fpreading but more compact, thefe fcem to favour the Opinion of the Ánci-. ents;l fhall move no contraverfy about this part, which has . made fo many with all ZZzatamzfes 5. having little to fay of it, but that ‘twas abour the bignefs ofa large bean 5; that itadhered to the fide of the /n£effine at the begining of its andthat through the middle ofit, às. is already obferved, the Duélus. Bilarius did pafs.. I was taken off froma far- ther Scrutiny into this part by the ravithing beauty of an- other, Ifhall prefently defcribe,the Kidney». But Imuft firft obferve the Far which was very plentiful andisfaid by.* Nardus Anton. Recchus robe ufed by the Phyficians of Mextco with good fuccefs, in the Sciatica . andall pains of the Limbs, and for difcuffing preternatu- ral Tumors. | Ties |; The Membrane it adheredto, I take for the Omentum ; “(Ole Renm Med. Nove Hifpan. Hif, b. 9. c. 1^ P318. 07 | TUUS o which ( 36 ) which incompaffed all parts contained in rhis lower Belly; _ and was joyned to both fides of the Rz/s,fo running to the Rellum, and forming a bagg that inveloped the parts here, but was free, and not conjcyned towards the Belly. The lower Eellylcallitto diftinguith it from the reft of the Trunk, for the whole was. but one continued cavity $ there being no partition of it by any Diaphragme ; andY — have reprefented the parts contained here, in my f/econd Figure, as the others are in the Fzrf/; but proportionably much larger a$appears by the Defcriptions. | For the two. Kidneys, which lay to the back oneach lide of the Spene; bur not very firmly conjoyned, werea- - bout 7 Inches long; that onthe right fide fomething - longer than the left; and about Inch broad each; tho one continued body. yer plainly diftingeifhable into feveral leffer Kidneys, as V¥emember, Im one numbered r5, but all fo ‘very: curioufly contrived and with fo great beauty ; that I want Wordsto exprefs what the Pencilcould not imitate , much 1efs can he reprefented in a Przzt. I fhall therefore in my Defcription, the better to help out and illuftrate my meaning, have a conftant reference to the Figures ; which being covetous of making as well as might bee, fpent fo much time, that I had not an opportunity offatisfying my curiofity in all refpeds (the parts drying) as I defired; bur did obferve, as likewife feveral Others who viewed them ,, when firft taken out of the body, that the whole feemed a. delicate Compages of ve[felr, and the in- cermixcure of rhofe’ of the blood, with thofe other white’ ones, thatare the Secretory, compofed moft regularly for- — — — med Bodys. In my* figures, That on the left fide reprefents — "Pt 7 the upper /uperfcies of the Kidney, which appears fit in’ the Dz fection 5 the other;the lower fide which lyésto the back sin both there are' two large blood’ veffels’ runing ~ down each fide : one marked (umm, ) the other, where — the vas deferens runs; but isnot here reprefented 5 and. from thefe arife feveral leffer-branches (0 o o-)--at fet di- ftances ; which curioufly fpreading «hemfelves, do forme ;» HR as (37? as it were ramifications of Trees. | As many as there were of thefe emulgent veffels Cfor fo T take them to be) fo many ' Kidneys were in each ; the Interftices (p p p ) of thefe blood ve[fels were filled up with other White oness which I doubt not are for the fecreton of the Vrine , and on this fide didappear more numerous, than on the other; but tis impoffible to reprefent the curious interweavings of both; but here in che under fide of theright Kzdneyin fome places they appeared more diftind; for ( Q9 ) fhews the large eod. veffel, whencearifes the Emulgents (rrr) which fpreading themfelves very thick into the bodys (sss) make them appear all bloody, between which fora little {pace there appearsa {mall body of the White Secretory veffels (ttt). | . This curious ftructure of che Kzdneys, and peculiar order of the veffels, do further confitme me in my opinion con- cerning the make, and fabrick of thefe parts ; but having at large delivered my thoughts hereof in my denologea or Difcourfe concerning the Glands of the Body which it may bel may hereafter publifh; I fball not at prefent further infift upon ic: bur fhall only remark , that in Birds, Fifb, and Reptiles, the Kidneys are ufually longs in o- ther Zmmals often more compact s. the feveral Glandulous bodys that compofe them, being conglomerated; and clofer fettogether, tho in fome they appear perfectly diftin& : » asthe Bear, the Otter, the Porpe/s, Offridge &c. and ast . have remarked in the ¢Porpe/s,in each of thefe there may be obferved diftin&t Emulgents , ureters, Pelves , a Cortical or Glandulous part, and the Corpus Papillare, which is made up of the Tubult urinary], which convey the Urine into the Pelvis. ‘And the Kzdney in'aman tho it feems buta fingle one yet it is really made up of as Many, as A there are Corpora Papillaria. So here in our Subject ; tho thé Subftance of the Kzdney feems continued , yet there ought tobe reckoned as many as there are diftinct a Phocena or the Anatomy of aPorpels ps 24s fvft ems | 2 ^X MP) fyftems and. Orders . of vefels 5... each. making a peculiar gland ot {mall Kidney 5 which according to the advantage of the body of this. Animal , are placed here at length, not piled on.one another. The ufe of them is for carry- ‘ing off the Lexzwaland fuperfluous Serum of the blood , which is of fo gteat;confequence,,, thateven, thofe. Anis mals.that drink not at all; or -burwery, little, yet by Nature are. furnifht with them.’ as the Rattle Snake may be thought. When the feparation of thishumour ~ is made in the Kidneys, ‘tis conveyed thence by the “res ters,into abladder,if the too frequent exclufion of it might beiuconvenient to the Animal , or if it be made in leffer qiantity-s into Cloaca, juft at the Anus, and fo to be e- jected. | s The refers in our SubjeCt did run almoft the length of the Kidneys: being a common Trunck that rceived the leffer Branches. that went to each fingle G/and\ it is in part.reprefented by the * letters[v. v.] ) and did both terminare. near each other in the Cloaca, making a rifeing * Fig. $- there ; for our Aattle-SnaÁe, like Berds, had aCloacas which - in the female:voper,. receives the Orifices.of the 4reters , and, tbe.two' Zfer/s and in. part may be faid chat ofthe Retium.too, which yet. had a convenient Valve thàt.cove- red it. ATreoM ! Sgen : Near the Verge of the Cloa¢a, we obferved two other orifices which íeemed covered by the folding | of the Skin, and. thefe. led into thofe two} Baggs, which I have taken the liberty to.call the scent-baggs. Charas is much, miftaken, who fuppofes them.to be the Para/tates or Conferyatorys of the Seed, as likewife thofe he would refutethat would have them to be other Te/ficles.: and.J\ the more wonder at. this his miftake,fince he could not.but haye obferved them as I have in, the female Z7ers 100 5. which., {ufficiently, fhews his error. Oné of.them wasabour an.Inch longs and a$ big. asa Goofe quill, but.Taper towardsthe end, and from the colour of the Liquor it contained, appea- red darkifh ; the other Bagg was fomething lefs, andit’s + Fig 2mm. colour | — n C 39-7 - Colour as in the Viper. This difference fuppofe may be accidental: "The Liquor included in them was fomething Crafs, and ofa ftrong and very unpleafant Smell; fuch , but in a more intenfe degree, asthe Animal did emitrbe- fore diflection, which * Marizallikewife rakes notice off , having placed it in the laft but one in his Catalogue of Stinks, where he faith Quod Vulpis fuga, Vipere cubile, Malles, quàm quod oles, olere Baffa. .. And:7e. de Lact makes mention of fome Snakes in the Weft Indies that ftink worfe than any Fox or Pole-cat, — Ihave long fince taken ‘notice how the Fetors of all {trong fcented Anzmals,are collected in theie Baggs, but de- figning there may be hereafter a farther Effay on this Sub- ject ; 1 Shall not here inlarge upon it: Only take notice, that our common Snakes have a far greater Fetor (Which lyes in the fame Baggs) than our Adders or Vipers. And l have been told by Travellers, that fome Crocodiles will leave a {trong, but gratefull Smell behind them: which If fo 1 doubt not, but it may be upon the fame caufe. But ufually tho this Liquor whennew, and in great Quantity be offenfive; and of anill fmell (and fuch is Czvet likewife which is nothing elfe) yet when dry andin leffer Propor- tions it may prove more gratefull. Thus the liquor in the Scent baggs of aWeafell, being dryed, ona Paperand - _ kept fome time;did not feem unpleafant to me s butrather the contrary: and Ifee no reafon why Pole-Cats may not be Civet-Cats, though they may not turn to that account. But in a Lyon? diffe&ed,the Liquor contained in the Scent- baggs wasin the opinion of all that {melt it, much like that of Oyl of Ame or Fennel feed ; which almoft was the only differenceI could find between the Lyon and a Cat ; for in a Caz this Liquor iéfcented. UE d Martial: /. 4. Epigr. 4. e Hifl. India Occident, 1.18. Ce 6. p. $55* f Is Dv. Plots Natural Hift, of Oxford [bire. c. 9. p. 32$ Bur / AMI nc. ees | But we fhall now come to the organs of Generation : and { find thatCharas isas unhappy in the Defcription . of fome of them, as he was in his conjecture about that part, we call the Scent-bagg. We fhall begin with that; wherein the Seed is firft made; the * Zeffes, which are ve- ry unproportionate in lengihs the Azght being 2 4 inches long, the Left but 14 inch long , fcarce fo big in compafs. as a Goofe-quill. The unequal length of this part Charas takes notice off in Papers. 1 fhall add, that the Ovarzum of the Female Viper is the fame s for that of one fide was - aS big again as the other. The colour of the Te/fes was White, as is ufual, and fo was their Subftance. . I did take notice of the Vafa preparantia , which had nothing uncommon : Butthe 1 Defereniza were remarkable; for tho they did run in aftrair line almoft from the Te/fes to the Penis, and did form no large body , yetsthis Duétus was fo often involved, that wereit unravel’a and exren- ded ivs whole length, 'twould be twice aslong: which made me think, chatit was only the extention of the - Epidydymis , for the whole Tejizs is but a Cengerzes of cu- rioufly convoluted Veffels which terminate in the Epzdy- dymis , whoie continuation makes the Deferens: and where it’s convolutions are many upon the Body of the Zeffis itfelf, there the Deferens is an even Duétus ; but as in our fabjectit making no fuch body there; or bur a very {mallone, in its paflage downwards it was every — where crimpled , and about che middle of the Kzdneys of- ten convoluted, which is reprefented in our Figures. - Where they emptied themfelves I could not fo well obferve in the Rattle Snakes Since the parts which I had — laid out for making the Scheme foon dryed before lhad an opportunity of nicely examining them. But fince upon the diiection ofa Zzper I found that they T were continu- ed along rhe Pene {ingle , where the Pens wasfo ; and afterwards divided: and did runto the end ofeach. Nor were there any vefcicule feminales ot Proftates hereto re- “ceive them; and a reafon forit I fhallalledge when I have * Fig. 2. hh. TJ} C 4r ) : . * Fig, s, K, Wave defcribed the* Penes which here were very remar- KS kable, not only for their ftru@ture, but number like- wife» there being 4 in all, two on each fide, which lay |. fheathed in:the Body that upon firft opening ic they - were not to be perceived. but only the large Orifices where they were drawn in as afinget of a Glove may beby a thread faftned to the end. But having protruded them || Fig. 2,, by a Probe, they appeared as isreprefented in the||Fi- sure,’ And.[ did obferve that toward the Bafzr, or Root , they were fingle of each fide, and that here they were thick befet with prickles.whofe points looked backwards, and were very fbarp, and feémed; efpecially when dry, like the fubftance of the Bre/tles of a Fledg-hog: but hence they were divided, and did form two round bodys, of the bignefs of a {mall Goofe quill; about i of an Inch long ofared Colour, but thewhole, as protruded, was above | an Inch long. When protruded Yfound they couldeafily | +11 — be retracted, and drawn in by the help of large t Asuféles, that'were faftned to chem and did run along under, and werte at laft inferted at theend of the Tayle at the fetting on of the fitft Rattle 5 which upon the trial. was fo plain that we need not doubt ofthe ufe of them, and [hall therefore call them Reétrattores Penum. But Charas feems 10 miftake them in Vipers,for the Penes themfelves; which he defcribes to have their Origine from the extremity of the 7ayle ; as does * Baldus Angelus Abbatius, » "Olyff. Al- drovandus and others who it may be mifled him in the account of thefe parts. Nor as to the other extream are they more jn theright ,- which by their Picture, and . Defcription , they make to be altogether fingle,and cove- red and quick befet with Prickleslike the Skin of a Porcu- pine. Whereas this part in Vipers too, as well as in the Rattle-Snake, divides and forms two large round bodys » — or two diftinct Penes. And this Baldus, or rather Ca- mentius ^ Who made the di(fe&ion for him.» feems to g De Vipere natur. em facultat. cap 19. pag. mibi 60. hh Aldrovandus NEUE | 3 de Serpent. & Drgcone — c + Rm have ^ (42) have obferved where he faith, @vando turgid: fiuntyaut ex- tra violenter emittantur , uti [epe apud Paulum vidimus,Penes banc formam referre, Y. aspettu a(pero ut. Erinactus,; ; For in Vipers. they are. Hifpid to. the end; but notin theigé- tle-Snake, as is plainly reprefented in the figuresof borh, There are feveral Animals have no Pezzsat all, but Va-. fa deferentia, as moft Fafhes. NM Quadruped’s that. T know — othave but a. fingle one. .. Some Birdr have but one; Moft others if they may be íaid to'have any, have twobut ve- ry fhort. In Crabs, Lobffers &c. there are two long ones, one on each fides but Larth-wormss Leeches , Shell- [natls » &¢c. are, Hermaphrodites,. and have the perfe& Organs ofboth. Sexes. ..But where the Sex is fingle. the Rattle-Snake and that Family have thefe Organs of Ge- neration the moft numerous of any | have hitherto met with. Puc why the Male ARaztle-22&e, or the Male 72- per fhould. have, 4 Penes, when the Female hasbut two Veer: for receiving them; feems a difficulty. to: me. A- mongft many. Conjectures’ 1-have had about it's» what feems the moft to fatisfy me, isthis: That they have the Penis here on each fide double, or forked; that fo being enter'd the Vzer7,. by fpreading themfelves like the y- thagorean Y , they may the. better and! more firmly be retained there. till. they, have . performed ‘their Duty. And this too feems one ufe of the Lvculec or Briffles tos wardsthe Root of them 5 for having their points look ing backwards when once they have enterd.the Pudendum: they muft needs lock them insand retain-them there; till; fuch time as the, parts. being tired. and fubfidings ‘have leave to retreat: Forin Animals. which have no Veficule Seminales, ’cis requifite that the Goztus belong; that fo the Seed which cannot quickly, may leafurely be.tranfmitted: from the Teffes: but. where'tis before hand ftored up in. the P'efcule, there the Coitus is foon over ; but when they muft expec the Generation, or. at leaft a fuggith de- fcent ofit , Nature makes provifion for the more-conve- nicnt performing it. Soin Dogs, which have no Vefcule ! icu feminales | A3). feminales » neav the Root iof the boney Fens there is alarge body made v? of an abundance of Cells and Veflels which upon the rifhing im of the' blood. and fpirits, is fo mightily extended, and welled, that it force- ably. keeps himan, all fuch-time/as the Lmpetus be Over, and the part fabüdes, ‘So the Lump-f/h; on its Breaft has a large round body curioufly-contrived, like the tail of a Leech, ox the Acetabulum ot the Polypus 5 by which it can firmly adhere to the Female , and fo by this means, tho dts Pers be very fhort, yet be able to perform a Coitus. | "Cats, Lyons, &c.. which have likewife very fhort . Penes, that they may the berter cling, are forced to make ufe of their Teeth, and Claws, and from the pain of thefe, not fromm the fcalding of the Seed... come thofe fierce. {crecks; rand hideous, youlings. 5 20 acne) | ole — v vEherefore in our Agzle-fnake; (where, as we have ob- ferved, there are no Veficwle, and where the Vas deferens isall alongcrimpied and winding ; and fo upon both ac- ' counts muft be thought to be long in Coztzon) the contri- ‘vance, and ‘ftrudture:-of thefe> parts feem very: requifite. For altho inthis action they ewilt their body, which may "be fome advaritageitoo, yet nct fuflicient alone 5 for o- ~ therwife upon a littleoccafion the parts would be apt to flipoüut;. which now they cannot, being forked, and hook- «din tco by theodéuleror Briftles. “But the Deférentzabe- “ing continued: tothe:end of the Pezes.do: likewife : thew ; this muft: be the-ufe of them. -But that rhe Female may recieve no injury by thefe Spewes, Nature has made that | opartofthe Uterz which they enter (trong and griftly 5 as owe: obfervéd) in ‘a Weper:: and that. the Male: too might -notibe harmed by. an over! Extention of thefe parts, thofe -rftrong Muícles which: ferve' for retracting: / anddra wing ; *hem in, do likewife fecure them in this refpe&t too. | Ir - may be likewife confidered,fince they are nacurally fo cold »;andfrigid ; whether chefe 4cada may not ferve to incite - them, and ftir them np. But we fhall pafs off from thefe _ parts, thatferve for increafing thémfelves ; to thofe chat | EF 2 often ( 447 | ofren prove the Deftruction of Others, The Poyfonous Teeth. | | 5511 Bur firft I. fhall remark fomething of the other parts in the Mouth: as the Tongue, the Larynx , and the fmaller Teeth: and in General, thar the Head was but (mall, yet the Rzétus. was very large, but the Reafon of it we (hall give when wefpeak of the Bones. Andasto ^. The 17 ongueit was in all refpects fo like that of the Vz- t 48. $-£- per» that the Defcription of the one may fuit the other. "T was compofed of two long round Bodys contiguous and joyned together from the Root $ of it’s lengths with great Agility they could dart them out, and retract them again; and thac part which appeared out was ofa black Colour, whereas that which lay fheathed within was Reds for ’twas faftened below the Throat , and thence was covered with a Vagina, or fheath, tothe place where ir ifhues out, which was near to the End of the Larynx ; and' for the better Ejaculation of it, the under Jaw too was here * divided , leaving a confiderable fpace. » For * rig s.j. if 'twere conjoyned as imother 4mzmals and befet with ‘Teeth,they would be apt to injurethe Tongue; or at leaft it might prove incommodious to the ufe *cisdefigned for, which in pare I lufpect with Charas to be for catching Flys, and fuch fmall Creatures they have a mindto:de- - -vours’ But i Jo. Baptiffa Flodierna\ thinks’. 'tis rather for ‘picking the. dirtout of their Nofer, which would be apt ‘elfe to ftaff them 3: fince they are always grovellingon the Ground ,- or.in Caverns of the Earth... 9.0 2 Over the ||. Tongue did lye the Larynx 5 notformed | rig. 5. f. TFig. s. t cb. * Fig, gs dd. Fig. 6, p. Fig, 7. "n C45) of other parts for modulating it, can only make fucha found as we obferve in their hiffing, | — The Teeth are of 2 forts,t 1. The leffer,which are feated ih.each fam, and ferve for the catching, and retaining the food, 2. The Poyfonous * Fangs which kill it, and are placed without the upper Jaw, are all Canint or Apprehen- Jores 5 for fince they do not chew or bruife their Food , but {wallow all hole as they meet withie, there isno need of Molares. | Peeve 300712 tie 301 Of the firft fort of Teeth; In the Lower aw there ate two . Rows on each fide, 5 ina row, the Inward leffer than the Outward, fo thacthere are here 20 in all: In the Upper Jam there are but 16, § oneach fide placed backwards aud 6 before. Thefe do no harm, un Was known to Mountebanks (as Ce[albinus and others*6bferve) formerly; who to give a proof of the force of their Antidotes, would fuffer themfelves to be bitten by pers, but firft took care tofpoil them of their Fangs, | |. Thefe Fangs are placed without the //pper Faws,towards — | Fig.6. g. Taf the forepart of the mouth, not faftened to the Maxl/z, as the other Teeth; but the|| two outmoft and largeft Fangs were fixt to that T Bone, which if any, may be thought to be the Eare Bone. The other Fangs I could notperceive were faftened to any Bone, butto Mufcles or Tendons there, Thefe Fangs orlarger Teeth were not to be perceived upon firft opening the Mouth, they lying ‘couched under a ftrong Membrane or Sheath; but fo as did make a large rifeing there on the out fide ofthe Lefer Teeth of the Maxilla; but at pleafüre when alive they “could raife them to do execution with ; not unlikeas a : id Fife 7. Lyon ora Catdoesitsclaws. Thefe Teeth were hooked and bent like the Teeth of a Barbarofa; but fome of the *fmalier of them were bent at Right Angles 5 but their fhape and bignefs will be beft underftood by the* Figures — wehave made of them. On each fide we mer with about 6 0r7 not altogether placed foexaét as is reprefented in the Head in the 5 Scheme ; which was don for the fhewing pofitionts ^2. fuas' Obfervat.’ My, Chords ! New Expetimss i0 0r 2077 Vio Continuation of the uew Experiments x : , f JU 1 NE de . á , wot 6 n + ee ( 42 ) : * in the Veficles of theGummes of che @ypers, is the only “and true feat of the Poyfon s T hatthis Jue is not vene- * mous, when taken in atthe mouth, but that it is fo, when ‘let into wounds made by a zer. whileft the is alive;'and . Seven in thofe which the may be forced to’ make féveral * daies after fhe is dead , provided the Yellow Liquor do ‘intervenes That the fame Liquor drawn from a live Viper, *as well as that of adead one; is alwaies Venemous; iflet © intothe wound, and mingled with the blóod'of the Ani- . *mal wounded, whether it be ufed when liquid; órafter — ‘itis dtyed, and reduced toa Powder: and thatit kills * all kind: of Animals, into the wounds of which it (hall «havebinintromitted. But Mr. Charas wholly 'oppofes ethis,and afferts, * That the Poyfon of a Viper is no where «burin her inraged Spirits ; "That the Yellow uice as wel ‘ofa live Viper, and even a vext one, asof one that il «either newly dead, or hath been fo for feveral daies,cons *«tainsin it no poyfon at all; neither taken inwardly, now *inthebiteing, nor put into the wound, nor mingled with «the blood, nor any other way wherein it may be ufed’: ¢Thatit kills norinfe&sno kind of Animals, and that it *is nothing buta meer innocent Sava. Both infift upon Experiments for the proof of their own opinion, which be- ing fufficiently known; I {hall not here repeat ; or inter- pofe'in the Controverfy ; but, fhall only offerthat where- as! Charas makes this Liquor to be a meer Salva, and tliat ‘it ferverh not only to moiften the Ligaménts, and to * make them fit for the bending of the Teeth, but: alfo to * nourifh them, and to make thofe grow tliatare there, as Cit wereina Nurfery ; and are, ifwe may fo fay, in ex- * pe&ation to ferve inftead of the many Teeth, whether * thefe come to fail in their force, or fall out of themfelves. This I think is not fo welt a(Terted , the offices of the $22- v4 being others; and itfeems no.way proper for Nourifh- ment of the Teeth » nay; the Fabrick of the Tegth,makes ] New Experiments upon Vipers pe 27. (ibi, | more * Lidia ( 48 ) more for Senior Rea’s opinion, they being thus hollow, and having that large flit towards the end , -and this Fucce fo readily. and naturally iffuing through: them ; . this feems to me toargue, thar Nature defignes it for other u- fes than. Nourifhment, for iffo, by giving them fo large a vent. fhe would be fruftrated of her end. But they be- ing fo fharp and ftrong at the ends, and the flit too placid towards the backs . nocinfide of rhe Tooth ; what can be more conveniently contriv’d both. for making the wound and infunding the Poyfon? For if theílit was inwards, by the ftrugling and withdrawing of the Animal affaulted; this (lit would beaptto be ftopt.and occluded s| and the defcentofthe poyfon prevented ; but being thus formed; it gives.a greater advantage for its infufion. Thus ‘the Scorpion; the Bae, the Emmet, nay the Sting of a ^ JNettle; at the: fame time they. make a wound, they leave behind them adrop of liquor, which excites thofe dreadful. Sym- ptoms:; whereas, the wound without it, would be incon- fiderable.. For, Neerembergius,or rather »Alernandez,, from whom he tranfcribes the whole Hiftory of this zper, tells us; Caninis 2n ufus Meditos fervatis pungunt Mexicani Me- dicicollum, cervicemque, dolores Capitis placandz gratia ; but firft I prefume they clean them well from the Poyfons which more than theirritation of thezfaznal Spirits ‘might _ otherwife endanger the exciting moft dreadfull pain’s. oD am confidentin a Nertle there is not that irritation of Spi- rits and Fury, which yet to a confiderable-degree will (when affaulted, create pains and. fwellings s. tho notfo - fatal. as the other Poyfons. For I am not yer fo fully con- vinc'd (tho 1 have a juft Deference for Mounfieur Caras; - and a due regard for his laborious Refearches and In-; — quirieS) of his fentiment of the Innocence of this Liquor 5 | and what has had fome weight with me, is à. Relation I m 'JHooks Micregraphia. Obf. ay f. 144. n Rerum med.Nove —— x dis i 6. 17. p.328, Johnfon de Serpent. lately We ( 49 7 ; lately had from an Intelligent and knowing Perfon ; who informed me» That being inthe /zdrer , there came to him, and his Company, an IJndean with feveral. forts of Serpents, and offered to fhew them fome. Experiments a-, bout the force ofstheir Poyfon, and the difference of them,. and that this Practice is common with them: having ^ "therefore firft pull’d out a lffeeOne the 774i» told him that this would do no harm; therefore makinga. Ligature — ‘onhis Arm, ag they do in letting blood, he expofed it na- . kedtothe Serpent, having firft whipt and irritated him to make him bite it. The blood that came cut of the wounds made by his Teeth he gather'd with his Finger, and laid it on his naked Thigh till he had gor neara Spoonful. After this he takes out another cail'd Cobras de Cabelo, which was leffer,and inlarges much upon the great» nefs of it’s Poyfon; and ro thew them inpartan Inftance of it, grafping it about the Neck, he expreffesoutfome _ of the Liquor in the Baggs ofthe Gums about the Quanti- ty, ashethought, of2agraine, andthis he puts to the coagulated Blood on his Thigh , which as foon as mixt with it; ftraight put it intoa great Fermentation, and . working like Barme changed it into a Yellowith Liquor. The fame has been likewife obferved by others,and does feem to give us fome light , how ’tis that this Poyfon ats and confirmes the known °obfervation, that the biting. ofa Viper will caufe the yellow faundice. A prefent 2£ntz- dete for this Poyfon is faid to be the Snake ftone, Pzerre de Cobras de Cabelo 'tis called by the Portuguefes , and is far, mous all over the Indies 5 ’cis defcribed by Gareras ab Flore to. by Kercher and others 5 particularly by ® Senior Red, whorenders very much fufpected the Relations thacare -gommonly had ofit's great force and Virtue ; for in.an abundance of Experiments which he made withir, he - could never meet withany happy fuccefs: and altho the "Fryal happened othetwife to Father Kzrcher in a Dog s and o Dele Boe Sylvij Prax. Mew le 1.6.47. p Fr. Redi Experi- menta eircá Res Nat, p. s. G6. i Care. | debo T GRÉ Charolus Magnim in a manat Rome where both did well ; yet heafcribes it rather to the force of Nature, ban the Stone, that was able ftourly to withftand and conquer the weak force of the Poyfon. Indeeed I gp acknowledge rhe faying of * Fizppocrates to be true, "viarées eoansp EXpe- rientia fallax, judeosimmediffieile, and there is nothing more common, then impofing upon ourfelves an Elenchus non Caufe pro Caufa. "Thaticfhould always fucceed, may as juftly be queftioned , as-that it fhould allways faile ; and that it does not the latter, fome. Accounts I have had of Perfons relieved by it here in England, make me think fo, One inftance is remarkable, tharwastold me by an Emi- nent Phyfiianin London, of a Perfon near the Town that wa$' bit by a Viper; his Hand and, Arm foon {welled with great Extremity of Paine ; but upon the Application of this Stonefor one Night both were afwaged 5 and he thoughr himfelf well, andtookof theStone, which ftill did firmly adhere: but not long after his former SUP violently returning , he had recourfe to his Antzdote, and then fuffered it to continue there "till it fell of it felf, and fo was cured. Other Tryals likewife the fame Phyfitian has made of it in different cafes; and he thinks it has done him fome fervice. One I fhall mention, I formerly did my fclf, ina, Patient troubled with the Gout in her Szo- mack ; having removed itthence, it feized her Joes but fhebeing impatient of the Pain , that I might feem to do fomething, and to hinder her ufeing aboundance of Medi- cines , which every body wasready to advife her to, and might be apt to ftrike it to her Stomack again, I thought of this s holding the. Stone therefore in my hand, _ and without acquainting her,I put it near the joynt where — her pain was moft, and being very near it, J perceived it move out of my hand, and readily adhere to the "Wm. Mg. SLE, Ael BUM | 178 part - HW 3 ee. part. Soon after fhe acquainted me, that fhe very fenfi- bly perceived a great drawing and trickling all down her Leg and Thigh; and afterwards owned an abitementof her Paine.:, In Peftilential Swellings very probably it may be of ufe. But,7 have already too far digreffed and fhallnow go on. in finifhing my Account of the Anatome of the Raétle-(nake in deicribing the Skeleton, and {hal! make. amendsfor my former prolixnefs by being more concife and fhort in this... | ~ . And firft:ofthe Bones of the Head. Tobferved that * Fig 6. athe “ Cramum here was entire, without Swwres, as re- prefented in our Figure; only where fome other Bones were joyned to them, as forwards over the Noffrzr, were ? £6 tW * {mall Bones , to which were faftned the || Cartz- ne lages, or rather Bones which dividethe Nofe. The o- ther Bones {eemed admirably contrived for the great Ex- tenfion, and widening ofthe Maxdle s which feems a great provifion of Nature; for fince it muft fwallow all things whole, and its Head is but fmall, without this moft Mechanical, contrivance it wereimpoffible todo it. The Upper Jaw. forward was joyned to the Bone that recieves the Poyfonous Fange s and which had a large Cavzty in it, which opened outward, and was thoughtto be the * Fe- ramen of the Ears but inwards we obferved no perfora- tion fora Nerve, unlefs there might be one that comes to + Fig, 6.e. e it under that + Bone which conjoynes ir to the Cram. This Articulation feems advantagious, both for the mo- tion of the Fang, which lyes fometimes couch'd, fome- times erected s as the Jaw too: but its principal and moft remarkable advantage for Swallowing large bodies, is the curious Articulation of the Maxille backwards to the Cranium, by two Bones , which from their ufe (fince we know no Name to diftinguifh them by ) we thall call Maxillarum Dilatores. Their fhape, bignefs, and aptnefs for this motion will readily enough be concieved by the [5.6 mo Eyes in obferving hrs Forthe lower Jaw being BC US 2 | not * Fig.s.b ——— ———Á——ÓÓA | ( 52) not conjoyned at the Mentum , as isufual in other Ani- mals, but parted at a good diftance 5 upon the receiving. alarge body; as the Membrane here to which they are faftened eafily extends , fo by lifting ups as alfo by bring- ing thefe two Bones more toa ftrait line. it muft needs €confiderably widen the Rz£us ofthe Mouth : and for this caufe too they aremade two, not one, for performing this motion moreeafily. This Articulation * of the D;- latores( which is very curious) with the upper and lower Jaw, makes rhofe protuberances ofthe Head; which we liken'd tothat ofa Bearded Arrow , as do'sthe Poet; it — may be upon the fame account as wellas its fwiftnefs, where he faith | / | " "5 Rumpat 8 Serpens ater mftetutum, S2 per obliquum fimilis Sagitte soo Werrut Mannes,- > - The lower Jaw of each fide was compofed of two Bones; as appeárs in the. Figure, but firmly conjoyned. The fore Bone was for recieving the (mall teeth, the hinder towards the Articulation grew broad s as likewife did the Bone of the upper Jaw anfwerable to this place in the lower. Butthis upper Jaw towards the poyfonous Fang divided into two Bones ; One was faftened tothe Boneot © the poyfonous Fang outwards; the other, which reciev- ^ ed the {mall teeth was inferted into the fame Bone more inwards. A Le ud | : The Vertebre,according to the whole Figure of the body, were fmalleft towards both extreems , and largeft in the middle: ,, From the Neck to the us there were as many obferved Scales on the Belly, viz. 168. but from the nus to the fetting on of the Ratt/le29 morein number thanthe — Scales. The former Vertebre had a flat 1 upright Spine to- + rig. 8.2: wards the back; and aflendet * round oblique defcend- {+ ing one inwards tothebelly. "To each Zertebra, befides - E aes | du | thofe (058.4. tad thofe Speer juft mentioned, there were oilier* Pre- ceffus's for the advantage of fetting on of the Ribss sand ‘the Articulation with oneancthers buewhat was moft re- ywarkable is (what! I have: already ‘hinted! )- that round te T Ballinthelower parcofthe upper Vertebra, which 'en- ters a focket of the upper part o the lower Vertebra, like as the head of the Os Femoris does the: Acetabulum of the Os Ifchy s by which contrivances »asalfothe Articulation with one another; they have that free motion of winding their bodies any wayes.- "Phe^Ribs in the*Neck were fimall, but larger towards the middle of che body .: where they were about 2 Inches long 5 bue towards the Tail they grew leffer and fhorter againsand did “all terminate ar the beginning of the Scalésof the belly. In the Vertebre of the *Fig,s.bb Vall inwards'there Were two" Spener, whereas in the other Vertebre there was butOnes as likewife therewere here llee |. tranfverfe flender||Proceffas's fomething analogous toRibs. | - . "Tothelaft Vertebra of the Tail was faftened the * Rat- * Fig. 11, 1: 765 in our Subject tliere was buc 5, but fome others fcem- ~ © ~~ “ed tobe broken off. | That next the Taile was of a lead- colours the othersofa cinericeous. “Tis well defcri- bed by * Dr. Grew, who fays: "They are very hollow, - *Sthin, hard, ahddry bones ; and therefore very brittle, * almoft like elafs ;; and very fonorous. They ‘ure all ve- “ry near of the fame bulk , and of the felf fame figure; — * moft like the Os facrum of aman: for altho the laft of them ‘only feems to havea rigid Taile, or Epzphy/s adjoyned “to it, yet have every one of them the like; fo asthe ‘Taile of every uppermoft bone runs within two of the * bones below it 5 by which artifice they have not only a ‘moveable coherence, but alfo make a mote multiplyed - *found 5 each bone hitting againft two orhers at the fame * time. : | : _ The ufe of this Razzle (fince I know no [other) I fhal; give in the words of! Gul/elm, Pifo, who tells uss Aue tam perniciofo Colubro, benigna natura | cautiones quaft grat t Mufaum Reg Societ. pags 5T. ii | 2a. ( 54 ) tid erepitaculum addidiffe videtur 5. ut allius Somtu admonitus quilibet homo nonf{olum, [ed @ qualecunque Pecus , vel Fumen- tums, tempeftive filu caveat. à vicino. Hoffe. But why he fhould make it fo dangerous »- if thruft into à mans Fun- dament (which how it.can I don't well fee.) as to be more fatal chan the. poifon. of his Teeth; I know no reafon. | Both. he ands Neerembergius and others do aflert , that every year thereis an.addition of a new Rattle, which Dr. Grew, fufpedts, for then he muft live 16 years, for fo many joybts-there are obferved. in fome in our Repos fitory ; I have. been told infome there have been above 20. : Thefe Rattles are: placed with their. broadeft part _ perpendicular. to the body» not Horizontal... And the rz. is taftened, to the laft Vertebra of the Taile by meansofa _ thick * Mufcle under it. and.by.the membranes that con- . joyn it to the Skin. Ihave not,given the figure of the whole Sceleton, fince what is wanting may be fafficient- | ly underftood by the defcriprion; and whofo pleaíes may - Fig. x. b view the Sceleton it felf , inthe Repofitory of the Royal Society, Very-curioufly prepared by that ingenious young Gentleman Az, Waller Elqs a worthy Member of the Society ; whofe great affiftance to me, J muft hear grate- fully acknowledge |: às. to the Defigns » and otherwife: his curious Penfil illuftrating what my Pen was often lefs — able to defcribe. . uod amc er f Guil. Pifo de India utrin[que và Nat. e med. 1. f$ be 2» Pe 374 osfthiel b cres karte "i ; wb 2 $ P HE i 45 f > i " i " ' iia 4 "X te LU [m “FIGURE Eh. R.eprefenis that pert of the body opened, “which con- taines the UN the Feart,the Gullet, Vx Gc. 2:4 o Fe Accéria afpera, or Windpipe. " | — B. "The upper part of the Lungs, which is cric E CCCCC The lower part di 5 Lungs, which makes a large Bladder. AS c Tbe firfi [welling Qefophagus, or falfe stomack. eec The Oe fonbieuse or quitto and that part o ity mhere'tis Iraser. EOS if fecond pies u the Ocfophags, er fecond f £ :S£omack. —B8" The true Stomack. | DA foort frightening ira in 6n 4 ile p the Re us. i Thedutefeners ESSET Rook, Be 4a | mmm Three Arteries, whey nos are € Tos 4f bending, aud One ... Defcending. | nnn Three large Veins, whereof two are def ders and the third. . afcending , which. loft does Seem to divide the Liver into: ek two Lobes, 09 "Iber. 5 oes s * 2s P ^—hbeGall-bladder. | 2 1 The Spleen, as ‘tis call d by the 4s nbients 5 5 E n Charas the j^ üt Pancreas. — 4 o d is AH T. 6496 P» PL tale ite Blood. veffely id runs in 272 ‘midfe of the Scales of . the aly. f° SS The. 280 M. to the Scales of the belly. | FIGURE IT. - Shews idi: parts, that are contained in the lower . part ef the body. | a d he Inteflines cut off. jut below the Pylorus. b. The Gall-bladder. C The iDuctus Bilarius, that paffes through the middle of the Spleen, or as éall d by Charas,the Panenees > ; and enters the no 403 bange Gut. .. | The Spleen, or via 5 | ee = The Intefiznes which was very large and wine but for. ff P o» dd Ww ihe E T ux Bin! DRE OUR PEE qt hh. The ‘Teftes. DX Chae E ilii The VafaDeferentia, ^ ^ «4 j - kk, The Penes on.each fide,mhich fret the Ree. are Abion! and are ‘thick be fet with Eriflles. 1l. The Mufcles that ferve. fort the drawing an the Penes, mm 'Tjegent.baggs. - nn A large Blood-veffel that runs on one Li ide ofi the ad Arg: 0.0.0 The Bmolgents that. arife afrom th the em Ee - e pp p The Secretory velfels. SUUM ue e er 49 = the large Blood-veffels of the right ii y - ae J TIT The Emulgents arifing from 2t. uuo | (888 d round body of Blod-veffele..—.. 5 NS "TRAE ttt Serainy wj. o Dd dre eftt SAD EN Gu = yum wit con. "Reed the Penes e one fi A i Viper. The Vas deferens, which i Uriia, » and runs to the end of the Penes. i NN - ey | iN me i i 5. oZ he Penes... yen v a Ne Wy S M ? 4T The Mufeles which see the Penes Me ey : C aáa asi T, the Aateria Afpera, dévided tn: the middle. bbb. Some larger branches of. Blood vefels, eec, » The Veliculz, or cells of the Lungs. ^ FIGURE Y. Exhibites the Head of the Aassle- Snake, with its mouth o- pened to fhewhis'Teeth, and other parts there. — 3. The holecofiithe Noftrdss 2200 19% | b. The Foramen which leadrtou large Cavity which has no Per- ee f'or-any N eroe Mica i id tos eee to be Ps tW earin EQUES : CE FA ds f máll Lectin 7 he Merian. Sy dd. / The large Fangs; or poy[onous T geb. | | eee: The place where the Bladders of Hi e " ooo oObeLarysxi co. « | ay igus The forked Tongue... he The Teeth inthe lower jaw. | Jd The cile where thelower Far vs ed at the Mentum. L ota ic ns ND DGALR ByeVi. on Reprefents the Scull. a. © The Cranium wethout any futures . bb. = The Orbits of the Eyes. s cc. — "Tmofmall bones over the Nofe. (d... The Graftly for rather Boney Sepimentum of the Nofe. ec. A fn mall Bone, that lyes between the Cra nium, and that bone, zn which ws fixt the Poyfonous Fayg.cootis ff. 4 Cavityzn' that Bone, to which es, fajbenedilie poyfonous. Fang, iE whofe Outward Orifice t. is reprefented inthe Fifth Figure by ba toy. thedetterGby)\ and ir thought tobe the Ears. Yo dh oi Be large Poy/ónous Fang» whieh is faftened tathe Ear-bone. vs hon Be Other Poy[onous: Leeth, which are. not: ees in, the bone but. - to Mufcles, : 4 The Upper Maxillas’ wilech contaens m f yar Teeth. Sov FIGURE. IV: ; : Rebpraonts part of the Lungropened: en the Zrachea. . . Qne fide of the lover. Maxilla, with ats\ double row of teeth, which zn the middle feems to be joined by afuture. The Diftance at tbe Mentum; between the two fides of the low- er Maxilla or Faw. H here nn. og. CC. orn d Pins © - ered by them. -YX 4 j Where she tive M aile are joined together backwards » and by a Tendon arefaftentd to anotther Bone, whith from tts ufes and for diftenttion {fakes ave call Dilatores Maxillarum.. The Dillatores of the Jaws, - A foort bone witch pans: the Dilator s to the Scull v Cranium. © ^ The Vertebra Wf the Neck. 0 bsoH ad: ; FIGURE. VIL. Reprefents the Poyfonous teeth. \ aan co, BERGEBRE- WI. — ' Shewsone of the Vertebre of the Back. The Outward ppine of the Vertebtz, which is flat longwayes. The Inward Spine of the V ertebrae, whith as round. A large flat Pvoceifus, for the Articulation of the Vertebre. Small tran[verfe Proceffüs's for the fetting on the Ribs. A round ball, like the bead of the os Femoris, which enters a focket of the lower Vertebr ao as that do's - : amen be rr Os I(chij. -FIGU K E IX. Chews one of the Vertebre of the Tayle. J befpine towards the Back. | The two inward spines. "TI hetranfverfe Spines, Analogous to Ribs. 4A FIGUR X do d Reprefents. the Vertebreof the Tayle | 'and the mufculous i65 Refs which faftens the firft Rande. | The Vertebrz, MON EL Mutcle on; mhicbis; faftencd the Rute. “FIGURE. XL: i Exhibive a fngle R Rattles which has three: fiit : the firft and Jargeft appears when. conjoyned with Others s the two other [eroe Ye d the fafrening apris —— and are cov- Shews the five Roin aja mg à os - Mare Martini Lister € S. R. Lond, De Fontisus Mzpicaris: ÁNGLiE, — Exercitatio nova & prior. Eboraci. 1682, 225 8, "d He moft rational way (in the Opinion of this curious M and judicious Author) certainly to know what the Saline Content, to be found in the feveral Waters in Eng- land,are; is to Cryftallize them. This Criftallization is to be done with great care and Accuratenefs, notat once in a Lump, as it feems moft have been fatisfied with; But after many Experiments, Ab- lutions, .Diffolutions and Shootings till you , have the whole Mafs of Salt fairly and fingly criftallized. Then to compare thefe Cryftals,with the Cryftals of all the known foffile Salts; towhich end thefe known Salts al- fo are to be exactly: defcribed from their faireft Cryftals: All which he hath carefully. done, defcribed. and figured. But if it fhall be asked why fo many figures of the Salt of Netrum Calcariums and but one of the reft;tisanfwerd, not thar he judges thefe. different fpecies , but only he gives moft of the Varieties, in which itis wont to fhoor ; not but :that: all the reft of the kinds of che figured Salts give asgreat avariety of Cryftals, but he thought them . well enough known, that he might {pare himfelf the trou* ble and that it would be fufficient to. give the Complearett. Now amongft the Saline Contents of all the Medicinal Waters which he hath either tryed. or read of, he finds only twos wz;- The Cryftalsof.a certain niter of an un- common figure and of common Salt; and thefe two on- ly ; not queftioning, but that there may be Waiters in England which: matnrally hold others». bur. he. hath not been fo happy.as to meet with them ;. no not in thofe ve- ! H 2 ry C68): ry waters, in which fome of our own writers fo boldly affertchem to be contained. Asfor the Earthy Contents» he finds them alfo to be two only 5 Vix; Brown Osre (which is aterm of Painters - to diftinguith it from Yellow .Qere) this being a fort of Iron Ore, and- Lime-ftone. ^ Now to démonftrate thisas to matter of fadt: tharthefe Earths werefüch and no o- ther, he hath at large defcribed all the feveral forts of Iron. Ore, which he hath met within England, and the true way to know them by the Loadftone- ' And in this Hifto- ry he hath’ fhewn that the: Pyretes is but one in England, and chat meer Iron Ore » ufider what name or figure or difguife foever it comes before us. In like manner he hath given the true Notion and Character of Lime- ftone; whichalfo he’ might lave at large defcribed according 16 the feveral fpecies hé'hath. by him, Which poflibly he may do when more at leaftire; |^ | Now how thefe Earthy Contents ahd Sale come tobe mix't in the Water, and ‘what relation they have oneto the other, you fhall'chuswnderftand. :* — ALE Iron Ore, but: more efpecially thie Pyriter (whieh is every where and inaall places of England plentifully to. be found, at leaft /parfim and in lumps or Glebe, and fome places in Beds) Alfo all Limeftone (which is the great bo- die of moft of the Mountains and: Rocks in: England) if moiftned and wet , a$ they muft/ be where they are cleft, and give way to the "foak and fubrérraneous current of | Springs 5 both thefe he fays; Y moiftned; leds fhoot there Salts. Now the-Salt of the' pyites ‘orlfon Ore is Green Vitriols and the Salt of Lime-ftoneis the Nirre by him defcribed. T hat thefe Salts áre-fhot not inftantly; and as in their Cryftallization, or by Goagulation,or Corrofion ; butby 2 leafurely and natural growth or Germination ys to that of Plants or Animals,” That thereforethe ‘life of T Salts is in like manner halituous and fatal y'Warme, and may if copi- ous. : | (CON 7 . ous and ftreighined in their Exzt become hot,tho not aau- ally inflamed s whence the Zherme or Hot Baths. _ . Thatihe fhooting of thefe Salts under Water muft ne- eeffarily be imperfect, becaufe wafhe off before their fall growth, and that therefore no mature /ztriel, has yet been . found in any Zagh/b Spring,thathe knowsof. | — That from the fhooting of thefe Saltsarifes a Vapour of the whole bodie of the Stone, in like manner as Wood or Plants are known to fteam out their whole and intire Rofin into the Air. i 5 : : Tha: therefore thefe Vapours only Petrifie s becaufe they eafily penetrate as Spirits ; and alfo at the fame time lodge themfelves where they penetrate.. as intire Subftan- ces. ado (us A n In handling of thefe matters, there are fome other particulars which are new, and for which you are refer- -ed to the Book it felf: As the notion of the Pyrztes; The Cryftals of Rock Niter exactly defcribed and figured;thac all Lead ore is naturally Silver ores Way of diftilling the Sea Water into.a potable & frefh liquor by Sea Plants &c. JOH. A4 ( 62.) ; | Jo He A LPHONSIBOREL LI Neapol. Maths Profef. opus PoSthumum : Pars prima,” E Rom 1680, pars altera ibidem. x 681. ) "He former account o f this work being general and modeft, moft of it what the Author himfelf gives in D his Preface to the Book not then publifhed, and a promife having been made of a more particularR elation of the Contents of it. as it well deferves s to cancel that Ob- ligation (tho not made by this Publifher) the former ace count ishere enlarged. as follows. . | Fifi, He gives an exact. Deícription of the Mu/éles, which within its Zendrzous or Nervous membrane»containes feveral fmall bundles of Fibers, which conftitute an Hex. agonal, Square, ot Triangular Prifm. The Fibers themfelves in each Prifm being Parallel, and varioufly, connected to eachother. The Atzrofcropical appearance of a fingle Fis bre reprefenting a Cylinder, not hollow likea Reed, but full ofa fpongy pith like Elder. | He gives an account of the feveral Species of Mufcler, . from the pofition of their Fibers. and afferts their proper action to be Contraction, adding a modeft but folid cen- [ure of Szeno's ftructure ofa Mufcle. and manner of its o- peration. 4 j : He confutes the common opinion , That Nature with à very fmall force lifts upthegreateft weights ; the con- trary being demonftrated, That the power doesa 100, or Toco times exceed the weight of the limbs that are lifted up byit: and this is the cheif Subje& of His firít part. To prove which He premifes this Propofition ; T hat theflexive motion of ajoint is Spherical or Circulars or made on a Conical fuperficies, about an imaginary center, And layes down this general Rule to diftinguifh them by, — : V. | : qud | | viz. Whenfoever the motion of à bone may be madeabout onefixt point, thar motion will be Spzrical 5 but when . themotion muft be about two Poles, or an Axis, that is ne- ceflarily on a plain Ciiculer Super&cies;or a Conical one. Tothew the firengthand Momentum of a Mufcle, He premifes fome propofitions about the Peces, which he ap- ‘plies to moft ofthe chief Mufcles of the body. —— . He gives us likewifean account of the wonderful ftruc: ture of the Pack-bone, to the Cartilages of which he attri- butes a greater force than to all the Mufcles that contra& It; as is evident from this propofition 5 That ifa Porter carry on his back a weight of 120 pound, the power Na- ture exercifes by the Carizlages of the Vertebre, and the Mufcuh extenfores of the back is equal to the force of ~ 25585 pound : that of the Mufcles alone he computes to - _ be 6404. pound,ar.d obferves that the Rerenrion of a joint [tretched out,isnot from the Tonicalaction of Antagonitt Mufcles. _ | oe Hence he goes on to deliver the various poftures of an Ammal, which he does by affigning his Center of Gra- vity in all his poffible pofitions. Asina Man ftretched Out at length, the Center is between the Nates and Pulis. That aman cannot well ftand one one Heel, or the tip of a Toe;becaufe in thefe cafes the Lzme of deretiion falls with- out his Bafs, &c. Du _ That tho Birds have two feet, yet they neither w:Ik nor ftand the fame way asa Man ; which depends on the dif- ferent ftructure of theirjoynts For Firftthey differ in the number of the Bones. 2. Ín the Form.3.In the diitributicn and make of their Mufcles. 4. In the Joynts themfelves, -He demonftrates the manner how a Bird when fleepisg . fits firm ona twig, tho the Mufcles are then unaétive; .mamely by a ftrong conftri&ion of itsClaws. and confe- quently a firm comprehenfion of that Twig, neceffarily and Mechanically refulting from the gravity of the Bird; and the fhortnefs ofthe Tendons of thofe Mufcles that contract theClaws. | | That CEA | That £zadrupeds cannot ftand in their natural prone pofition.on one or two feet, becaufe the Center of Gravi- . tyand its line of propenfion cannot fall in either , orbe- tween both. | Loo TERES ST - The reafon why in afcending or defcending Stairs in the dark, when weexpect one more then there is, the exten- ded foot is dafhed with violence againft the Pavement, az. In the firft cafe the Center of Gravity and Line of Propen- fion , are carryed forward beyond the foot that’s fixt', fo that the fu(pended foot, nor meeting withthe fupport ex- p.cted, a motiondownward is neceffarily caufed by the gravity of the body, according to that line which is not aftep. buta fall. Inthe fecond cafe,che Mufcles of one leg are contracted, and lengthned in the other. but both thefe motions being checked by the unlookt-for refiftance of the Pavement, the like fenfation is caufed with what we feel when we ftamp onthe ground. _ | He fhews the Art of Scazng upcn Ice; asalfo how progreffion in Quadrupeds is performed 5 and likewife Leaping, in which the vs motiva istothe weight of the . body as2gooistor. . 3 SN Thatin Leaping according toa line inclined to the Z7o- zixon, at oblique angles, theline defcribed by the cen- ter ofgravity (hall be a Curve Parabola,as being compoun- ded of the ftreight uniform motion forward; and the acce- lerated defceht of the Heavy body. ^ , 77:7 V^ Next he gives an exa& account of flying. the main ftrefs of which is, inthe largenefs of the niufcles that move the wings, the Potentia of which exceeds the weight of the bird 10coo times; with many more curious partis culars about thejr feveral wayesofflying. |^ ^ ^^ Hence he concludes the impoffibility of the zfrrzficzal flying in Men, for neither can their pe&oral mufclés Be'en- - larged, nor the weight of their bodys be diminithéd tho attempted by an exceeding thin and large exhaufted recei- ver of Metall for it muft contain a fpaceequallto its own weight and that of a man faftned toit, which woulda- — TM TL INE (. 6$.) : mount to3t le2ft22000 Gubick feet; ; befides many other abfutditys: to noifian al qund sdt qd bsf)sr002 Jom el 5i _ He defcribes the action of fwimming; andhow fifhes change their fpecified. gravity-on occafions “by the com- preflion, and dilatation of the Aircontained in their Afer- Bladder: 1 performed. by. ché many! and ftrong ^ mufcles a- beur their belliesmo- vd snomib-qmi yrs BciovoTsr os «He. affigns the reafon why man does not Swim by In- - ftinds as-wellas other Animals; to be chiefly on the ac- count: of the gravity of thelhead 1o much exceeding the proportion of that of thereftof the body. ©) 557 -. The feveral waysto live and move under Water were defcribed before as the Bell, the leathern Cylinder &c. but that which he feems moft to infift on, is of a Brafs ot Coper Vefica about. two foot diameter to contain the Di-~ vers head,-this to be faftned tog Goats skin habit fitted exactly tothefbape of the body. | He contrives a Circulati- on for the Air by. pipes within the Vefca: and beftows on him an 4zr-pump by his fide . by which he may make himfelf heavier or lighter; inimitation of the engines Nature has givento Fi(h for. that ufe;: By thismeans he avoids the objections the othersare liable to, ^ particu- larly that ofthe Air, the moifture by which ir is clogged with. in expiration , and by it-made-uofic forthe fame ule again, being here taken from dt by its Cirzuation through the pipes, to.the fides of whichrit adheres» and: leaves the ain aguntaintedas before« 10555 05 5718 01 1 020019513 ^. Heconcludes.the book with a defcription of the diving Ship; The motion of which he conceives would be much . facilitated by one fingle oar in:the Poop, which fhould b? flexible, & made w'": a f{prings fromthe vibration of which ihefhipfhould be impelled as Fifhes are by their T ais, . Inthe fecond: part he.compleats the Do&rine fo well begun in the firft, and layes down.the.. Mechanical Mode and.immediate.caufe by. which the contra@ion of the muf- cles is performed; d epolgolamradg sifwanil 22:5191 3! In the Firft place he (hews why a Mufcle canpot be moved bat i any : E (CGB) ju any of the different ways of motion in other thitigs: That . it Js not contracted by the fimple traction of its Fibres ; as weights are drawn upby Ropes , becaufe the length of the mufcle would. no more be fhortned than the length ofthe ropeis ; theecntrary of which is evident to fenfe: - Neither are the Fibres bent like abow,nor do they act by the removeing any impediment by comand of the4némal - faculty, becaufe fuch force being internal, there would be required almoft as much pains to Ref, as thereis to Motion They arenot likewife hardened by the bare Reft of their parts, nor contracted by drying;as we fee Hair, Skins; Lea: ther &ciare by the Airz Neither are they wrinkled into folds as Reptiles are in their progreffionsthe corrugation of which He demonftrates to be nor the caufe, burthe Effect ofthe contraction of their ivterzal muícles. Qi qo ;:&fterall he concludgs^tliat the mufcles are contracted fromthe anflatzon: of their Fibres by adventitious bodyes; as it wereby wedges. And*having refufed an Incorpo- real natural faculty for the immediate mover» as alfo any aereal Subftance j and rejected the bloud filling the pores _ ef the amuícles;! together with the’ manner’ by which moiftened Ropes:are contracted ; He concludes T hat the - Ebullition ;. caufed in che Mufcles by the concurrence - . ef the bloud and Saccus Wervews , i8 the immediate caufe of theirintumefcence and contraction |,’ which he«onfirms and illuftrates byargumentsand Experiments. -^ and how it iscontinued, “though ic féems to be interup- Hedemonftrates the manner how it is moved fo he obferves to be not finple mentbranés, but fmall hollow He relates likewife the mufculous ftru&uréof the Hearts He proceeds to give an account óf the internal motions ofthe fluids of the body, ‘ag of the Ce. ulation of thebloud, tedand broken in the Heart. - TRUE in the Veins, efpeciatly by’ thehelp of the Valves; Which — bladders, whofe’ convex ends re(pect the capillary extre- mitysof the veins,and their Orfites open towards the-heart. andchow. ic. differs from other mufcles by che wonderful — | . texture | (o75- texture ofits fibres , whofe PrifmaHizal co'üams are not fe- parated from thé membranes and rendinous fibres ; neither is their difpofttion Zire& and Jg >» but curve and f/perad s and that too ina way far ditferent from Pefalius his wick- erbaskis. ——— | ' And at laft concludes that the moving facultie of rhe Heart doth exceedthe tefiftance ofthe whole bloud in the Arteries, and of the ligaments that hinder’ their dilatation, which is greater than the force of a weight of 180000. He afcribes Refpiration wholly to the mufcles that en. large the Thorax, (vix. The Intercoffalls and the Déaphrag- me} together wich the weight and elafticiry of the Air. The manner, by drawing up the circumference of the Ribs to» watds the Throat, by directions that makeaccute Angles with the Planes of the Ribs. | Remarkable is the ftru&ure of the Thorax in the 7 artes, which hath nodivided ribs, but one continued bony arch, and no Diaphragme ; and inftead of Lungs, two lang blad- . ders containing alfo the bloud veffels. Thefe baggs are notalternately filled and emptied, but conftantly remain full of Air, which is not renewed in them but partially , by theexternal mufcles that ftick ro the Skin which when unactive make an hollow Siaus, but contraéted a Plan. — The ufe he affigns to refpiration, b-fides the diffol- ving of the grumous concretions of the bloud by dividing it into minute Particles; isthe mixing the Air with the loud, which neither increafes rhe Huidiry of ir, nor caufes any effervefcence in the Heart by its Elaffzeity cf Nitrous nature, but fuppofing the particles of the Air to be fpiral flexible machines, they muft be compreffed by the - weight of the Ambient vifcera and veffels. But the fluid and folid parts of Animals being moved a Thoufand diffe- rent wayes, thefe fprings conceive a motion like that of a Pendulum , which givesa tremulous motion tothe bloud, and continues it till the death of theanimal. that being Its vital Motion. | wy ur The Nutrition of Plants he explains by imagining an : (68) | an engine fo contrived by various tubes terminating in due places of^a table, that any figure may be delineated by the bare injection of Liquors, withont any other art. In his ufe of the Liver he aflerts the czrculation of the _ bile in the Abdomen, and explains the manner of it; as alfo the. motion. of. the "Succus Nerveus and the Semen which isnot fo properly a Ctreulatzon; as a Flux and Re- flux of it; becaufe he affigns the fame veflels for.the af- centand defcent berween the Teffes and the Brain. He confutes the Vulgar errors about the Torpedo and Poréupines., and. gives his own experience that the firft aats only by a Tremulous motion ftrongly impreffed on . the hand that toucheth it» efpecially in that part ofthe Jheraxtowardihe.back-bone where thereisa concourfe of abundance Of Nerves and Mulcles. And adds this circumftance, that when with his finger extended He ob- liquely toucht the Torax cf the Fifh, he fuffered nothing; but if with his finger bended he received perpendicularly the vibrations of it, then he was affected. T hat the Porcupine does not fhoot out its Spicula, but by keeping them erect doth fhake and brandifh them | by thehelp of its Mufcular outward Skin, and the femi-unar Mufcles with which the inner Skin is accompanied; - which ere& and fhake the roots of thofe Spicula, - | .. Laftly he treats of the Caufes and Cures of Feavours and their differing Paroxy/ms, which being wholly 24164; cal we leave to the Knowledge and Experienceofthe Phy- — OXFORD, — 33 Mgt Printedby LEONARD LICH FIELD; Printer to che Univerfiry, and are to be fold by -Hlen. Rogers at the Sign of rhe Bible in. Weffminfler Hall, Sam. Smith at. the Princesedrmesin Se © Pauls Church-yard. and by Ffen. Clements Bookfellerin Oxford. | M65 B | id os = ie x Er. er i ; 3 4 4 sNetta b PE matt > As P. i. E iz a! TU EB Whey Oren Oe ae PR is EOS yi i BINA "wi i LE uu a d - Ja ^ NCC : — — ER ULP r à J : 2 Y DM. -----3X TI" , Y ; | . x 3 ^ , | S Mv N l \ : LI E LOK MAA | E NS ~ TON LI © NS à & ^ N S : s SES H SSS | DNE = mM D mob £7) ct N =~ id ofoph. Tranfa | CA J ft oath " M iat 1g 14. di d i D ( 69 ) Numb. tas. PHILOSOPHICAL P TRANSACTIONS. March 16, 1685. Z4 so The CONTENTS, I. An account, of a Roman Monument foundin the Bilhe- prick of Durham.and of fome Roman Antiquaties at Y ort» Jet in a Letter from. Martin Lifter Efquare.. 2. An abe __feraét of a Letter from Mr. Anthony Leewenhoeck writ 70. Sr C. W. Jan, 22. 1683. from Delit. 3. 4 Correétion 6f the Theory of the motion of the Satellite of Saturn by . that ngemous Aftronomer Mr. EdmundHally. 4. Obfer- . vations of the Eclipfe ofthe Moon Feb. zi. p. zm. at the ^. ,. Royal Obfervatory a£ Greenwich, made by thatjudicc- ous Aftronomer Mr. John Flamfteed Atath. Reg. 5. An abfirak of a Letter from. Dr, Wincler chef Phyfitian of "the Prince Palatine, Dat. Dec. 22. 1682. £o Dr, Fred- __. Slare‘Fellom of the Royal Society, containing an account of _. @ Murrainzz Switzerland, . awd the Method. of ts cure... 6. The Contents of [ome Letters from. T wo learned andcu- Thus Obfervers 2n Staffordfhire , concerning the Sand _ found inthe Brine of the Saltworks of that Country &c. .. fent to the Royal Society by Dr. Rob. Plet S. R. S. 7.42 account of [ome Books. 1. HORTOUS INDIC'S MALABARSICWS continens Regni Malabarice ..apud Indos celeberrimi cmnis generis. Plantas rari, Ores.» pars prima, fecunda & tertia, 1]. Epiftola ad D. oelem Langelottum D E ALCALILET ACL (OUI INSURFICIENATIA proprincipiorum cor. . ..Porüm Naturalium munere gerendc. confcripta à Jo- — hanne Bohn Phil.ac Med. Dog. & in Acad. Lips. Prof. P. ALL ach Barner. D. SPIRITUS VINE $t. ANE ACIDO Gc. Demonftatio curiofa. . n. Kg 3 1. An / ' p" ee uw" "T y LH 2s k Ü 4 e Ju Me if ae LAKE Aver ee Se a ee 1, An Account ofa Roman’ Monument found zn prick of Durham,ud of [ome Roman Antiquities at York, fent ina Letter from Martin Lifter .E/g; | MR 4A have with much trouble gotinto my handsa Piece of I Roman Antiquity, which was but a very few years ago: ^": difcovered upon the South Bank of the River Tine, near the Shed in Br/boprick, Ic is a very largeand fair Roman Altar of one entire Stone, But after all my coft and pains, lam very forry to find the Infcription very ill de- faced, that much of itis not legible. Andl believe it hath been alfo mif-handled by thofe who have endeavoured to read it; whereas if the remainder of the Letters had been exactly meafüred, and the face blackt and lightly wafhe offagain, ‘asin Prints , fome things more might have been fpelled.- A | As to the nature ofthe Stone it felf.it isof a courfe Rag,. the fa me with that of the Pyramids at. Burrow-Briggs. It is 4 foot high, and wasalcended to by fteps, which appear. eth in. that all the fides, but the Front, have two fquare holes near the bottome; which let-in the Trans that joyn'd it tothe Steps. ry erdt. po e 1 have carefully defigned irin-all it’s fides sand have given. the Plane of the Top alfos: which if you pleafe we will fur. vey inorder ^ OS LAO EL 0 DAI se o Srusows 1. The Back- fide, oppofite to the Infcription: on which is ingraven in Baffe-reliefe, a Flower-pot furnifhed I fup- pofe with what pleafed the Stone.cutter, for tliefe men needed not to be more curious than the Priefts them- felves, who were wont to make ufeof Herbs’ next hand. to adorp the Alrars, and'therefore 7/zrPege; is put for any kind of Herb. Yetif we will have it tefemble any thing. with us; I think ir moft like, if nottruly Nymphea, a known. andcommonRiverPlant.^ ^ - ^ 2 One. | (Cay Va. Orieof the fides, which isfomewhat nartower thaü the Front or Back: on thisare engraved) in Baff.relieve. the Cutting-knife (cefefpita) and the Ax (fecuris). The Knife is exaétly the fame with that on the other Altar formerly by me mentioned in the Philofophical Collecti- ons of Mr. Hooke s but the Ax is different ; for here it is headed with à long and crooked points: and therethe head of che Axis divided into 3 points. | | 3. The other fide; on which are engraved after the fame manner aü Ezre (Urceolus) and a Ladle; which ferve fora Sympullum. ‘This \ call rather a Ladle, thana Mallet, it being perfeétly Di(h«wife and hollow in the middle; al. tho Camden is of an other opinionin that elegant Sculps of the Cumberland Altar, And the very fame Uteníil i have — feenand noted on the fckley Altar, which is yet extant. at Middleton Grangenear that Town ; buttheStone which | Cambden faies fupportsa pair of Stairs there (as at this day it does inthe very Road) is but an ill Copy of it, and northe Original. |... erly bns “aad 4, The Plane ofthe Top ; which is cut in the Figure of a Bafon (difcus or lanx;) with anfe on each fidey confifting of a pair of links ofa chain ; which reft upon) and fal) over two Rowles ; And this was the Harth. | $. The Front; which hath an Infctiption of nine linesin Roman Letters, each Letter a very little more than two inches deep. of our. meafures now remaining as in the prefix: Sculpture, Fzg. 5. which would read thus; Dis deabu[a; Matribus pro Salute M. Aurela Antonini Augufti Imperatoris — votum folost lubens lubens merito ob reditum. ‘The Dee Matres are well interpretted by Selden. It is much: his Safety and Return both vowed, fhould be fo — . feperared inthe Infcription; bur have not Gruter by me to compare this with thelike. Caracalla {ay the Hittori- ans * after his Fathers death at York's took upon him the * Xsphilians "Gommand of the Army alone, and the whole Empires Herodian he went alone agairift the Enemie, who were the Caledonz óc. K 2 inhabiting (72) 7 inhabiting beyond the Wall which: his Father had built: he made Peace with them, - recieved their Hoftages; flight- ed their fortified places ; and returned. And this feems to be confirmed by theTnfcriptions for undoubtedly up- on this hislaft Expedition of himalone,: without his: Bro» ther:Getaand Mother, was this Altar ére&ed to him alone, ata place about Two Stations on this fide the Wall. .: So -. that the Vow might be. as well underftood of his Return from this expedition,as for his Safetie and return to Rome; which mi-thinks fhould be trues or his Mother and Bro- ther Geta would fcarce have been left out, at leaft fo.ear- ly. For yet the Army declared for them both; according to their Fathers Will. Further, itfeems alfo to have been ere&ed by thofe who flatter'd him, and who were afterwards killed by hims _ and for this reafon the perfons Names ; whodedicated it — feem to meto bepurpofely defaced, the óand 7th Lines . of theInfcription being defignedly cut away by the hol- lownefs ofthem, and there not being the leaft fign of a- ny Letter remaining, andthis I fuppofe might ber part of their difgraces asit was ufual to defaceand break the Sta- . tutes and. Monuments of perfons vincia ad Which tais Monfter made ftrange havoc: ) But fince worn Infcriptions admit of various stia becaufe fome Letters are wotnout, and fome more legible, whereby not prejudiced: people: may conceive them di- — verfly, 1 will therefore tell you another reading of part of the two firft lines; which do noc-difallow, ' but thátit will agree well enough with. the: Hiftory of Severus, thohis:44- potheofis ,. or folemn deification, was not performed till he came to Rime; inthe manner of which Funeral Pomp 7Ze« rodian is very. larges it Wasiof that. exeellehe v Aaa Dr. she iii Pomfiretewws -. | 2 7 | CONSERVATO:. [ 13155 * 2n Iob BRO SA 21:15 bazmimoo :: Thereftasfolowsinmine > 555 c : : which. C322 Which fhews the hight of Flattery of thofe times, So: thatthey paid their Vowesto the lately dead F ather the. Confervator of Bretaim's for thefafety of the Son's and the Story tells ushow gladly he would have had him made a God long before, even with his own hand, 9) I think itnot amifs, if | give you the reft ofmy O bfer- vations.concerning thefe matters, -which-LE-have-met wich in this City. UG.0A large Pedéftal’ of the fame fort of. Stone; found deep in the ground; on the Weft fide ofthe River» which by the’Stoné; and its mouldings, was undoubtedly Romans "and muft have been for à "Pillar in fome large building. 2. A Broken Infcription in the Church-wall in 4/- — Suints North freer, withthe Figure of a Naked Woman in Pafs-relieve on the left fide ofir. The Letters (as many of them a5 remain) are exceeding fairly cuts beyond any thing I have yér feen of Roman Antiquities in England, and the Stone of a’ finer erain than oT | RU isa -Mo- Rument of CN CM te ~ i5 Po p" oe : > Pm ss Sar The Bt ftroak is nr m de ofa Vie. Vd and; is part of the Dis Manibus. The three laft lines may-be read. thus, Ben merenti Antonio rod Yet it is hard to fay, whe ther (74) | i ther it was forthe Husband or Wifes for'it-may be tead Antone, The Pointsalfo betwixrthe words are heré very fingular, but this was the caprice of the: Stonescutter, who fomerimes alfo ufe:à Leaf, hanging orvereét, à Hand; à Feather, or fuch odd fancy for Pomts; ^. poo © branes that I i Bs al my Nails tear one of them P an Egg: Thatfomeof them which ftood out Beyond the — — réft were burft open ; and yer when Iwenttopull diem ' DA VRE OT jb 19d 198899 SOU syn iade i | -OQy37 off; they ftuck fo^ £aft, that the “whole Era-braac] came along with them. The fimalleit Ezgssand ofalefs- erfize; were alfo firmly rooted and fixe in their ‘skins, and-had oftena Waterifh fübftance in them. That befides the füppofed Eggs ofthe Egs-brancb; there were orhers lying ar 2 diftance from it of an Inch. and more; os each fide of the Womb, and were included in particular Skins. My Opinion therefore of thefe Erg: is ; that they are Emunitorys, or the Emptyings of fome Veffels lying near. fuch as are often found among the Membranes> or adhe- ringtothe Bowels of Ammals. | But as to Generation tho I have formerly been veryteferv’d in declaring my thoughts thereof; yet being now further inftruéted by manifold Experience, T date venture to affirm it rather to come from an Zfnzmalcule, (fuch as I find nct only in Human Seed, but that of all Birds, Reafts, Fifhes, and Infeés ) thanan Ege. And the rather for that I find in the Seed of a Man, as alio ofa Dog, two different forts of zfuzmalcules, aníwering the different Sexes of Male and Female. [o ! -- 1 know fome men will even {wear that they have found the aforefaid Eggs in the Tuba Fallopiána of Beafts. . Put i need not believe that thefe round Bodies they have feen An it, fhould be drawn down from the imagined Egg-branch, . thro the long and very narrow paffage of the Tuba Fallop- ana, Becaufe fome of the Bodies areas bigasa Peafe (nay 4$ the whole Egg- branch) 5 and of a very firme and com- paded Subftance :' But the way thro which they fhowid pafs is no wider than the Compafs of a fmall Pz. Again if it. were fo as is faid, thefebodies would be found, not by Chance, but always when fearched for immediately after Copulation; but that is fo fat from being true, that it is hardly to be imagined , if we confider how little time. 1$taken upin: the Copulation of feveral’ Animals, asa Gow: Rabbet&c, In which fo fhort time neverthelefs ought to. be drawn down, throa long and narrow Paffage, a great number ofBodiess in fome Cafes twoor three, in ecd "T3 IX. (76) $ix or Eight; and more; according to the numberolFapa P - tobe produced... = ; | . Bu: fuppofing fuch Bodies ail to obe found, ; “why may they not beformed ex refíduo Seminzs Ma[culi, gathered to- gether into a Ball or Globule ; as we fee feveral other Sub- frances in Animals that are neither oftoo thick. nor too thin a Confiftence, as Fat,Sames. &c. “which how they aremade, [have formerly given.an account. Or Second- ly there being no part of the Body which is not nourithed, and which does notcaft. off fomethings that arefuperflu- ous , why may there not in the Vomb or Tuba be feveral Excretions made; which |by Compreffion. onall. fides may be brought into. round figure? This fuppofal being true, it will follow chat Zeg-ke Bodies are alfo. inthe Womb or ‘Tuba of Females tnus have not accompanied with the | Male. nud: (2 it may be aedi ; aM one. 2 Animaleule it Seed ud fuffici« ent to produce a. Fetus, why, are. there Ío many. Thou- fandsin one dropofit? | .. — Y anfwer, that in an Apple-Tree ( enduring an Hundred years and bearing, eyety yearia great man A honkangs Blof- foms, which may a great. part. of them be Apples, having - each of them Six er;Eight Seeds), each. Seed being placed in à proper Soil } , andicarefully cultivated. is capable of becoming a Tree 5 -yet itmay-happen that dedi) grows from all the Apples that. fall.down ; whethe deii Sun; Rankaefs'of Gras; Weeds. or other Accidents, », So in che Womb each. Animalcule "might füffic gs (forie tion, if theplace where: it comes.to. benurled be. fit f Or 1t3 Bur the VVomb being fo. large. in. Comparifon.o of fo fall a a Creature, and there being fo few V'efiels. . and. pla aces ficto 4 feed it; and bring it up-to a Fetus; ; there cant p tOOgréat | a number of Adventist When there RD fog hood.to mifcárry.«4 5... 1 It may be asked again, why a VVoman METER bie 3 one or two Children, (ince if there were but 1 two proper. "m: (77) Qertis, feveral of the Aumalcules:might chere places in a 4 Deuda «oX^ye8 F134 | noo. | , Janfwer, it may happen to thefe Animalcules, as it does to Seven or Eight Seeds put intoa {mall hole of the ground; that Seed which puts out the biggeft and ftrongeft Root; ftarves all the reft; and becomes a Tree. It may be asked me again, why I make the amalcules — found in the Seed of feveral Animalsto be of fuch different Sizes; comparatively to the Animals they belong to zz. in the fpace of a fmall Sand in the Seed of a Cock 50000. in the Row ofa Cod~fiz/b10000. in the Row of a Ruf Cwhich fifh 15a 10¢0 times lefs than a Cod-fifh) the Anzmalcules as big 3s the others. Whereas it feems reafonable that the nmal- cules ought to be in bignefs to one another, as the Creatures inwhich they are foundsfrom whence it would follow, that thofe Animalcules which are inznfe&s; would never be ca- pable of being difcovered, becaufe of their exceeding: fmallnefs. "m : - Tanfwer that we muft fatisfy our felvesin thefe things as wellas wecan, for(not to fpeak of a Coco Nut) a great Wall-nut with his green fhell weighs down a 1000 4pple Tree Seeds, and yet the proportion between the Treesis not fo great. or | ) In myLetter of the Third of March 16821 deferibed the . texture of a Flef/b and Fi/b-mufcle; But have fince examined that of a Flea, as judging that if 1. could find the fame 7z- lament, Y might be pofitive that the Mufcles of Ammals are _ all of the fame makes haveing therefore feveral times fe- perated and expofed to View that Mu/cle of the Breaft, Whereto the Leg ispartly faftned ; lobíerved the fame- Ring:like Indentings in the Filaments, that 1 had feen in o- ther places. Some appeared to me thicker in the middle then atthe endsas Zab, 2. Fig. 1. ABCDEFGH is the Defcription of the Félament of a Flea broken out of the .. Breaft, from whichI perceived the Filaments of this Infect to grow Tapering towards the ends, and lofe themfelves E. gu ; L On VUE (x8) Tie s ina Membrane.otTendon, like the>Feaments of the; Mu[cle, of an Ox. Some of the Zndentings wereas C F, buvmoft: throughout. werevas:A. B G H; Several times:4 had; an;ap- pearance as ifa Fadlament were conftituted ofi feverall threads joyned:togethéts and lying bythe fides of one anor, ther »s c Sol s estucO3d bas disrsd$ Hb esvisft "In puzfüiag:imy Obfervations s: X -tooks foniexof 'therlefh ofthe Legs of the-F/ez;ahid found it. like thatof the Breaít; here; T. connted 12; of thefe before named Falaments and. fome'threads:withoutwadentengs rw hich? 1 conoeived; eight: besreffalsy:) Ss slo wol ors ni;00001 7-92 210 vto f oF alfo with: much!:tróublectook our ithestefizeles, of, a: Flea, and placedsthenmbefore my-Microfeope; and drew out. the Fzgure as wellasidcould >: a$-Fig. 2-AB € D isthe Tefiicley A.B) andoD E cares the;Z/afa.Deferentia s: Sy hen the Tefticles were: friftotaken out they werd of avdark.Colouny; but in-lefs chen of aiminute their ozffarezwas! évaporary ted, and then they became crumpled, which I have here . reptefented: as well-as dc eonild, in: our 3nd was i + 1 alo fearched: forthe: Z/effelr. having as-itwereuRerase aboüt them (of which:T have forrüerly:fpoke) andam fant fied they ocannot be-zfar Feffels- s but:rather adrtexieso; for Iíaw them not only encompafs the Guts but. fpread over and among the Eggs. 5 lo ist Y od : " ! ! ra ^. 4c, Getreee or i ái -. D. 3 Y 11 "The-ó£ng ot $uout- of! the. Fleas cr rather the Sheath obit i@-which it1s keptssdad "Teethon-cachfidelikezóems — | and iay:not untitly be éompared toa Qu shar:isdplit — ^ ragged. When the:sSting is enclofed: in the shéaththe |— — Teeth on each fide go betweenoneanother;.. Thelength — — . ofthis Sheath is about Three Drametersof. the thicknefs.of aar, SES OP ow el & - L have made many étemprs the lafeAutumye, .to-find-out in whar time the Worm coming fromm the Bpof aria, | would become a full grown Flea. (The Egsof a Fleakept — | in awarm place were hatched in fout day si and became —s Al'orms, which! endeayared to triés gtuone pio s: | Á T f E ? , sS QUEE a "NM ^b vewussmul sido Zl Hi - C79) "udi nga if my endeavou r$1 co uid ‘k eep: them. no longer alive than Twelve dayes.> When! E placed about the half ófa - ifmall Fiye in the 'glafs by the Worms for theirPeod’s the - epareoof the Fie caufed fuch a széam on the glafs that the Worms being hairy’ were intangléd in themoifture, and re- anained immoveable till rhey died." When the Wornis were Twelve daiesold, they*were abour ‘the. length of Four -Lggs and the thicknefs of Oné, /Since'l could: bring up noWorms , Ttook fome which I thought Had attained &heir full growth, and obferved' the fame to fpend Eight ;or Ten daies in Spennng their Webs ‘and then they ftripr of - their shen and became'a Nympha, :"Thefé Nympha’s ifaw inve onthe Fourth day,’ the they were Cléarand White: on the Sixth they wee’ Red'aboüt the Head: on the - "Tenth they. broke their £af2;^ which Was very thin Skin; and leapt into ‘the Glafs ,liveing there without Food for ahelfpaceof Seven dayes’: ^ ^ gui /tow yep son ons ":3l'alfo'tóok- fome flehh from’ the 'Breaft of a Lone , and found the flefo Threds ofthe Yame make: as thofe ot the Ipleg 1:919 8 : | "Bop took alfo the Heth froin the feet of a Guat. and. found that of the fame make ‘with the former. /Bür perceiving thé! Legs and Body of the Gzat to‘be furniifhed’ with very - fine Featbers; V-hàvé'caufed them to’ be‘ drawn as Fig. 3. "phe Wing alfo of the Gnat being adorned with Feathers, 1 have drawn that too as Fig. 4:- which is a ng as itappeats — "od akedi ye.» Fig? 5; A-B Cis the fame teptefented Ga*istarser propartion tó fhoW that not! only cheswhole Cicümftehce ofthe m ) ashere 5^ A B is befet^with reatand fmall Feathers as Fig. 6, But allo che Nerves that ‘ftiffen the Wine ;á$ DDDD? The Film of the Wing which _ Gsibeeween the Newes DD feemeth by the Mrcro/cope to be efüll'Gfà sreatmany fimall Pings ; bütupon a ftricter Exa- "Sihtionzt leyüre really fidall barre} as Fig.7: where a be- “Bitlis Was made to feprefent the whole Wag: ABC ate ‘the Feathers}-and ADEC até the hareson the Film. — 7 5 hah v.i. 4 VAY Vll»: *g L 2 ; (90) -, . | A certain Phifitian having told me that feveral people aflicted with Agues, had been cured thereof by. the ufe of Sal volatile Oleofum » which had attenuated and rárified their blood-. I refolved to make what obíervatious Icould, of the mixture of that Sa/t with Blood. And therefore pricking my. finger. with ameed/e, I -put the firft time two parts of Blood to. one of Saks a (ccond time equal parts of each, The blood turned) immediately ofa more lively red color, as blood ufually does when mixed with far Wa- ter (forI am of the Opinion that when blood running from a Vein is of a dark-red or blackith colour, the reafon of the blacknefs is , that the G/obules.. which make. the blood red are not fufficiently. diluted. with, that liquor which Phifitians call the Whey of theblood). .... 5 ~ V Upon viewing my Blood one day , 1 found it fomewkat blacker then ordinary » . but not reflecting thereon, and the next day working till I fweat | wasfeized with an Ague 5 which then thought might be caufed by, the thick- neís of my Blood, and therefore bethought my fel£of fuch things as would attenuate it, drinking a great deal of Warm Tee, and finding my felf prety well therewith, I con-. tinued ic» unlefs fometimes that I took a little fmall bear, eating little but. a Sallet.of £zdve., Upon the. Fourth day my /rine.came again. to its'Natural Color... 55> But to come more particularly. to the alterations made in the blood by Sal Volatile Oleofum, The parts of that blood that: lay neareft the Sa/t, changed colour, firft, and by.de- grees thofe further diftant, But taking my Mierafzope to obferve it, Bfound the Blood Globules: each to. be diffoly'd into Six diftin& Glebules. 2 s bodies Ithen took Four parts of Sa/¢&c.and oneof Blood, and. Viewing it as quick-as Icould with my glafs.:] found fome of the Blood Globules much? diminithed. in, 4. of a, minute's but in 4 of a minute they were wholly diffolwed...;;Idaw once 20 Blood Globulesac a diftance from the eft, but in.con- tinuing to tell them they came firft to x8. then. 16. after to 3 or 2. which alfo were diffolving. UNT Tore. 2 i (81 ) s : There was alfo here and there a Globule that would not diffolve;nor witha very little Sa/¢ would any... What may be the Caufe of thefe Effects, Ecannot fay; but as to the jects themfelves, limagine that the Sa/ Oleofum being taken inwardly , and.conveyed into the Lattees and Veins, may have the force to hinder the . Compounding the blood Globules ; by which means the blood may become more ¢hin, and performits cérculation - more eafily. An effect not altogether unlike this, we have from the Brzmffone-Match, with which the Wine- Coopers {moak their Cask’s, thereby to hinder the mine — from ‘thickning and working.’ But Br/flene hath not the force of making 77e that is already chick , grow $ * EDIAET "apr dud | . i lately read a Phyfitian of our Country , who affirms there is a fermentation and rifing in the Blood, cauled by the Intercourfe it has with the 4rin the Lungs, as we fee a Rifing in Dough caufed by Yeft. That there is a great deal of zr {wallowed down into’ the Stomack with our meat, (and {cme made out of the | meat it felf) which afterwards enters the Blood, I do not deny, nor that there may be 4zr contained in the blood, in the fame manner as there is in warm Water, or Wine that does not work. But I can't conceive there fhould be füch large bubbles in the blood, as are caufed in Dough by Yeff, for thefe Bubbles moving ina liquid body; when- ever their Superficies came to touch, would unite to- - gethers whenceit would follow, that a great part of the Blood-Veffels, would be full of nothing but zz. . Again if there were zr bubbles in the blood, tho’ a 1c00 times lefs than a Sand, 1 fhould have difcovered them, in my many Odfervarions made about the d/vod for 1x, or 12: years aft pat. 5n jt , eff Correttion of tbe Theory of the Mati o omof the Satelite of Saturn, by that Ine geiiiu. Afttonomer Mr, Bp wun LE CES AER fori ® Afités iom E 2 - - . I . "4 RAI - , b" 3 SIR, SEES 1 1 7 "MM ^ here fend you an Affronomical account of the moft, remote of all rothe Planets of Gur-Vortex, and withal of the moft inconfiderable, I mean of the Satellite of Saturn, difcovetedin the year 1655: by Monpeur Chriftian Hugens of Zulichens , who in that accurate Pied. rife of his Sy/fema Saturmum, from pag. 25 to34 gives us the Theory of its AZotion as well as the fhortnefs of che interval of time between his Obfervations would admit; and fince:him I know none chat have gone about to improve the faid Theory, ^50 0071 8991 - The late Conjunttions of Jupiter and Saturn giving me frequent occafions of viewing them both, with a 7e/efcope that 1 have of about 24 foot ,. and pretty good of that length, 1 eafily zemarqued this Sa- tallite of Saturn, and haveing found it, in a'convénient/polition to de- termine its place , I percieved that Hygexs’s) numbe fs were" confi- derably run oucy and abont:ty degrees in twenty years?too-fwift y this made me refolve more hicely co enquire ito its-period ;-amd ac-. cordingly I waited till I had gotten à competent number of Obferva- tigns, the moft. confiderable whereofare thefe. 5 .. 5c VE C6. LA i Mo 6 Cah pees 1 3 PRA CIw G.'À. BL BANA ESR mero? qa: t iid 4.23 J “1682. November 13°13" 60" DM; the’ Satellite appeated on ‘the North (ide'of Saturn, ànd a perpendicular ler fallfeóm ic onthe: erant- verfs diameter of che Ring, fell uponthe middle of chedark fate — af vs following | Mofa 5: En fame night 19*.oo' i daa the Conjuntos, and the perpeudicular fell exaAl y on the. Ifeffera, « of the G lobe of Saturn, asin Ta up SUL : as 7 e tude, and retrograde motion, made it evident that the S then in Perigeo, lic UU rm len- dielié Wis | Again — ^- | : ... Again November 21 -1 6". 15%. this Satelhite of Saturn was on his South Gide, the perpenaicular on the line of the Axfe fell on the middle of the dark {pace of the Weflern Anfe, and the fame night 19^ oo! the perpendicular fell precitly on the Center of Satura, and the diftance therefrom was fomewhat lefs than one diameter of the Aug (as in Fig: 9.) by this ic was evident that che Sare//ite was in . . X obferved itin pogo again on the 24th of Taysary 1683, at 8". oo’ PM. the perpendicular on che linecf che rfe fell exactly on che Weftera lind of tie G/ele of Satvix, and at.o* 30’ PM, the {aid "per. pendicular fell within the Globe more chan half way to the Cenzer, and che diflance from the linc of che pf? towards ‘the Soath feemed much about one diameter of the Ring, Fig.to, 7000000 0 Laftly,, February 9^. 1683.5" 10' PM. it was egainin eApogao, - and I could by no means difcern towards which fide it enclin’d moft, nor whether the tranfverfs diameter of the Kizg, or the diflance of the Satellite therefrom were the greater 5 fo that ac that time it was precifly Apegzon, FE ig. viride : Ea ., Xo compare with, thefe, I chofe two out of thofe of Moufienr Hu= gens, which feemed the moft to beconfided in; the firft'made - 1659, March 14° ft.1..12" 00" ac the Hague 5; when the Sare/- liteappeared about one diameter of the Ring under Sature, bucic was gone fo farr to the Weffward, thathe concluded, that about four . hours before, or 7". 40'. at London, it had been in Perigao. Fig. Y2. . ,, Again March 22^, 1659. 10" 45'. the Satellite was a whole diameter above the line of the Anfe, and the perpeadienlar thereon fell nearly upon the extremity of the Eafferm Anfe, See Figs 6. °° — Ecould with that we had fome intermediate Obferwarions, but there are none extant that I canhear of ; fo I proceed tothe fearch of this Sarellir's period. By the firft of my Obfervations it appears that the Satel/ite was 1n. Perigao 1682 November 13°. 17^ oo}. circiter , at which time Sa- turn Was 35. 21°. 39' fromthe firft Star of Avies, in the Eeliptick, - but the Earth reduced to Saturns Equinotlial, and. the Satel/ite was 95.23? 46'.a 13 * Y, And CMarch 4? 1659. 7! 40. Saturnus - place in the Eeliptick, was 6°. 0°, 41', but the Earth reduced and ae | S - confequently / | (84) | confequently the Sart//ite in 115. 287. 18! 2 prima Stella Arietis. The interval of time is 8655 daies, 9 hours, 20 minutes; inwliich the Satellite had made a certain number of Revolutions to the fixt Stars, and befides 9%. 25°. 28', or 295 degrees, 28 min. whole (ous- plement to a Circle 64°. 3 2, is 2 daies, 20^, 36! motionof the Sa- tellite, according to Hugens,So that 8658 dales,s5",56/or 12467876 minutes of time, is the time of fome number of intire Revolutions ; and dividing that interval by 15 daies 22 hours, 39 miriutes, or . 22959 min. (the Period of Hugens) the Quotient 543 fhewes che number of Revolutions; and again dividing 12467876 min, by 543, the 22961 ,3 min. or 15 daies,22".41'. 6! appears tobe the crue time of chis Sarellit’s Period. Hence the diurnal motion will be 22°. 34'. 38. 18'", and the Annual befides 22 Revolutions 105. 20°. 43. Having made Tab/es co this Period, I found that in the Apogaon Ob. fervation of Hugens the Satellite was above 3 degrees fafter than by my calculus, and chacin the three other Obfervations of my own be. ing likewife in the fuperior part it was about 23 degrees flowet than by the fame Calculation, Now "cis evident that thefe differenees muft arife from fome Eccentricity in the Orbite of this Satellite, and thatin CMareb 1659, the Apocronion (as 1 may call it,) was fome- where in the Oriental Semicircle, and that in November 1682 it was in the We/fern Semicircle, and fuppofing the Apocronion fix, ic muft neceffarily be between 95.23? 46/.and 115,28?. 187, a 13 * ' that be- ing the common part between thofe two Semicirtles: and becaufe the difference was greaterin Hugez's Obfervation than in A4ine, *cwill follow that the Linea Apfidum, ot eA pocronion,fhould be near- erto 9*, 23°%.46'.chanto 115. 28° 18’. I will fuppofe 10%. 22° oo! 4 prima Stella Arietis, (which happens to be alfo the place of Saturs Equinox,) andthe greateít equation about 24 degrees, Upon the {core of this swequalsty. the mean motion of the Sate//ite will be found about 2°. 45! flower in 23% years, or 7 min. in a year, whence I ftate the 47444! motion 10, 20°. 26! above 22 Revolutions, and the cot- re& Epocha for the laft day of December 1682 at Noon in the Meridi- - an of Loudon 95, 10*. 1$!.a 1* * Y', from which Elements I com- pofe the following T able, - vig $e. di Td E able Motus Medii Satelliti Satin : ab Hugenio inventi , a s Kv. "m d B o iiA £ 0. : dés | 10, 20. 36]L lem 22:13:11 jov. 56 31/29- ic} p [De 11e 2/2) [Es Tye G2 |t. 53]22|30* 6]. 3 [Se To. 48/3. 25- 7-44]. 204 13 3] r 44 7. 14. 59/4 [30 0. 18114 [53-4615 4316.59] 16.52 -35|5 [3 22. 53115. [4e_ 42 35132295 4. 26. 111° 14. 15. 28|6 |s.- | | 7. | 16.477 |y 8. 2117 (6. Jz. 26, kl On Os 3718 |7. — EUER EE RED 8 Et 6o, ar, o|I€7. 15. 46| 1€?» : ei I. asm 8.8. 21|r1[ TO s. EIE 23. 3 —[z————-—lr4l7.: 26. 8|t4|1o:16. 5| al. 9* MItsló, 16, A4|ts 11-9. 3945]: 5$: 19. Title, 29. g4|t6- Te TA|[tÓits. 4. 6. 26. t7|4. 20. 30| 12/9" 23. 49| t8l». 11, élr9|t- ^ 16. 23} ^ *6 124t9l5. I. 42 Lens | «8| Otfob, |. 13.31. 20M. 34. $3|209s. Te 32] 20]19. 49 . Decem, Tt. Lag Jn me Bifxtili pj Fee 246. X- 51] ctii wá unum dn |25\¢ 6. 240 25|—2 emg et. con peten- (617 : c HY S -[23]9..2«.: .9]** 26. dim i 9. 2a .a2]29 27-17 $9|55*31 | 29lo. 24.44 | | é 20110. icd 30 28. 15]6c| $6. 27| T epo ee [sa]tr. ge sa] isst odro3 Pei c2 «24 28] ORNARE. | There fuppofe che Linea Apfidum fixt,as having no arguments from Obfervation to prove the contrary, thd i£ be very Srohabld that asthe Apogaon of our Moon has a motion about the €arthin about 9 years, fo thar of | this Satellite ought to have about Satwrx, but with a much longer Period ,which future Obférvation may. difcover. — — The diftance of this Sate/litefrom the (ester of Satura feems to be much about 4- Diamitersof the Risgs or g.of the Glebe, and the plane wherein 1t moves very little or no thing differring from that of the Ring, that isco fay, interfe&ine the Orb of Saturn’ 45:22 .and 105..229, 4 1%. ^, with an Angle of 255 degrees, fo as to be nearly — i Parallel to the Earths Equarir s whétcethe Latitude of the Apogaan y tee Laftly, As Radius, to Co-fiwe| of the faid remainder , fo is the greateft Lariiude from the /ine of the Zoe, to the Latitude fought. afi fe- | (987). ‘Here Note, that I purpofely negle& the inequality of the diftance, arifing from the Eccentricity, as being too {mall to be any way obfer- | vable. | Lalily to clear all difficulties that may arife: to them that are = but. —Hictle verfed in this fort of Calculation, Ihave added Two € xanples of the work, that. where the Precept may feem obfcure ir Way be thereby illuftrated, . | Anta 1657 Mais 19 ff. n. . Hugeni Gbferved the Satellite ver y- near toSaturn on theWestern fide,and very little above the ize of the Anfe, I fuppofe this about Iob. p. s». Anna 1658. Marti? «19, 1.08 "uf. n, he Obferved it again, and fat: h of 1t, diffede confpiciebatur , » quippe propinquius admodum SacurnosOr entem fpettabat, eratqs sarum lined aliquanto inferior C* quafi [ub. mitte FARE Ws; Let. us now Galen: late torhefe two times, . NU MC TES ! : 1657 Maii 9°. : ‘ot. ‘gor. Loniek APPS ug: "Maii ea j 1o Saturn Locus. - MM. 287. 57! | Saterni Locus ~ 16°, 25! hiAX Ek 25 S«oQneatu h.a313* y s 17°. 59 quint. [ube 10. 12. 09... ekguintlium 16 22. oo h ab rE guinolls: 64). B00) 33 >) - Wh eb ezEquim. 6. 25. §9 | Afcen, Rella.--- 6. 7. 50° Afttn. Retids ... 06. 24. 8 Apogee. > 00 he 298580. coco MÁBIEEn s Y Sale v. Din. dof Re 5. ds Decl Anfi, 10. j fi . Med, Mot.- Satel.. : Med. Mot, Satel. Mri don Sab24le Aq osssoansuiw 3641 2929». 17! l^ 16. «1996 0$4 o5 o? | Bath, aun e Ori 1S 2 Wislins n6i) Geooiaid od thw L4 Maris. 9. 12, = iu gcmi«hós Oat oiB 05M * s E EQ S2 "221 955540: yl Me iF RUE NIE Sioispiiol iE Longs Med, Satel. 4. 10. 42 Long. Mei, Satél, 11. 3. 49 | Apocron, 210. 20 O0 Apocron, 10. 22.700. Anomalia "92 do. aes eA nomalia OU 1l. 49 cE quatio fub. au cA guatio fub. "ar o. 30 Long. Ver Satel, 4. 10. 1t. Long Ver, Satel, 11,..3. — 19 Apogeon As 29 Ai SO Apogaon Su 10. 5 Refiduum IP) Ob god ow Refiduum s se 14. - b. e, ante Apogenne 19. 39 b. e. ante Perig os : 46 ergo 22, Sewid. Annuli ad i rd ae provenit 172, Semid. Pu d ortuiK., e 308d Boveam. —— C 13%, ad Anftrum five infra, E otn. cach agreeing exa&ly with the Defcription and Figure of M I Monfieur Bugens, 2 I — ore ene -— f hütconjecture. ^^ : i ~ 1 MY, die s eM ~ * tow ^ a Gig iW AAA AS ^ J i «E = , - « L J : i ! obs amo utes i NS * A ! ; | . j A^ MM T" p à 5 "» “ye N ^ í ry ; i Qt Word x cwm | ae APER " ree 4 ! co os. Wap oe d 7 Li 5 ; ) £ PS " 4 ah D X A ! : "e.g á : BRI «a : pre Org a eus A i ; | MEO m D e nor * vi Rie Pin ;^ d “ M . hd , D » j '] * , ; | (89) x | Obfervationes "Defetlus Lunaris Grenovi«’ ^ cl babita in obfervatorio Rezio Fe-. — bruarij 21682. p. m. 4 johan.. 5. ne Flamfteedio Math, — Lit Teftis effet & particeps harum 0b/ervationum Vefpe- - ra precedente Grenovicum devenerat D*. Halleius, ad- erat brevi poftea Ds, Haltonus Amicus meus fingularis & - Geometra peritiffimus;cum alijs nonnullisMathefeos ftudiofis. Hora $^. 01" Tubo pedum 1642242 cepi Diametrum 6702 33:235". deinde diftantiam Limbi ejus proximi. a Limbo proximo Maréotedis 145-0! 43's fed ejufdem Limbi Macule a Limbo Lune remotiore 6575-22 48" : Hora 8^ 49m Oram Lune inferiorem Fumus coepit inficere Echpjis mox ingruentis prenuncius. Conaftitueramus Turbz vitande - caufá feorfim obfervare, Receffit ergo Ds, Hallerus cum Amanuenfi meo Tho. Fabro ut pner Telefcopa iupra Sextan- tem Phafibus invigilarent, manente mecum D. Halzono. Tue boufus fum antedicto pedum 16 cum Mezceremetros cujus ope nedum Umbrez ad Afaculas appulfus fequentes, fed etiam Tempora, chm Obfcurado ad centrum Lune perti- . Beritt, & cum Radius ejus arcus in Perzbarra deficientes . Vel reftitutos fubtenderit, obtinui; e quibus medium de- - rivari poteft. forfan non minus accurate, quam ab Obfer- vatisInitio & Fine Immerfione & Emerfione collatis. . Hifte alias ejufdem Defedus Animadverfones. Londrni in Vico Bafingenfix D. Haynefio Tubo pedum g factas addidi . tum propter earum cum. noftris Confenfum; tum ut inde innotefcat quam non difficile fit accurate Lunara Eclpfis Phafes determinare, quicquid. inexperti & contrario ediffe- ruüt, fi modo attenti (int, & neceffarijs pauculis Inftru- menusinftruüiCelfpees. © — ECLIPSIS EO —— ian «2 —— 9 À — — jur | ( 9o ) ( ECL IP. S48 INA Tei Duque Hte DENEDT Ofcillatoria correcta. . Feb. 11.. 1682. , * ts Grenoviciin Obfervatorio| Londint OBSERVATIONES | | 3 : Mihi. Do, Halleio. | D9. Hayzefo:. h. A y" h. d^ | dA h. ^ 1p Umus ad Oran Inferiorem. Nudis Oculis ——— g. 48. 38 Vmbrago ——— 9. Fe 08 Denfa Penumbra — — — 1l. 44 : IÍnitium-- ————— ——— ——— —————— 1x 32|? 135 04|9 T7 8 Medium Paludis Mareatidis te&um-———— 777 — 14. 02 TRE ovte citis : Tota Palas te&a a m UA I^ 35 15: " Sexta pars Pesipberia obfcura tome er 18. To 3. Z ‘Ciyezana intra Umbram — Á—M 20. IO Porpbirites M:dius —— —Ó — 2I. Or . Umbra ftringic Sy;benem —— — MAR Limbus primus montis Catara(tfes pedirle om 21, 32 Oculus Draconis ——— ilte SB ;| | Legebat Limbos primos Crete. & e£t1e 28. 22 28. 44} 28, 19 etn» tous te&us, Incipit. Hiera — 29. 48 3o, CEE, GRAS Hiera to. d. 30^. 44 Initium Coria ——MMM— ———— 19. 3$ 46 : Medium Corfice m — ———— 9. 34. 48 Sina Mons Incipit—7— —— —M 3605738 | - 5377 5e 9. 36. 20 ' Sis medium ——— et 29. 22" "Totus Sina te&us a 39. 04 39. 40 38. 20 Centrum Lute five Digiti VI a 38. 48 Incipit Lacus Niger Major — 39.. $8 49. 36 teri Medium Latus Nigri Majoris——— ; A e qo. 48 ;Totus tegitur. Lacus ——— 4I. 40} pod Initium Besbiez n 43. 48 ; Medius Besbicus = 43. 42 equ Pad. Ex^.. Totus Besbicus & ftringic Pontum Euxinum 44. . 36 | à; Incipit Byzantium ee em ame (46. 58 Incipit Hocminius Sacer ———Q ge een 47. 2» Carpathes ——— — 4A7.- $09. Mons Serrorum m RM 48. 3o]. 1 "Apollonia M €—— M] es —MM $o« 24. | $1. .2I , Matra—— —— Hán t1. 44| (Sas. 12 Mons Hercules ———— $4. 26. 13 Macra tota te&a. == ae $4. $37. : Mons Heresles totus oe ^ 55° 33- Coracondometis Palus ——— 59. 1Q | Per medium Lacum Hyperborewm fuperiorem —" ($3: Cevocondometes tota cha ———| 10» 00. 38 Umbra pet Montem COT AC ITI ram, vr | ; Stringi E o v. CONF ar) ! Tempora Pni&um per Horologia Ofcrlatortz correcta, Grenovici im pews orto | | Londini i. 4 | _De Halleio | D9.Haynefio h * 9 d: ! ! e f P Ze 38 aod 53 oo — — : . a TET Stingit Mattida = vo perLacum Hyper! oe Uses per medium In[ule Majoris———— — Ton ferd Maotis: teta—— Séxü cte lucida refi de ne "TT Lnmerfio .— meee PE Enierfür — — —— ——À—— |n. Sexta parsPeripherie illuminatá cum Limbo 10.-Marcot, Auch Medium Mareatidzes a Tota Mareotas illuminaca- Umbra per medium Por phiritidis | Totus Porpbivites tetcétus e—————— E - Circiana tota PXLUIITYNM E DENTES: SwingitSinum | Syrbonis- — uds Cin Syrbonis, vel Gaffendus totus———-——— ] Iz | Hiera inci ipit - CE MM. cl pa incipit Emergerto-—— - EEUU per medium Lacs *Nigs? Mijcris ——— - per medium Al nes — - ee e&t ita. totus rereCtus- e ———— Creta illüminarur - a — oe Sina Incipit-———— Site medium ——— — — — —— Sina totuse cs I À— M Medium Besbici-— - Centrum Line , ive Digiti VI tete&ie Per medium Lacum CBE all M Umbra pet medium Byz42tià. ———« — Byzantium extra Matra tota = Infula Apollonia tota & Horminins ——— ——. Latus Hyperbareus iuferior Mons FLOP CIAL CS meme MÀ ——ÀÀ M MÀ—À Medium Corocondomitidis ad Umbram- ——»————= ONS COPA ie meg a —€———— Metis incipit illuftrari- Meéotis tota rete&ta Sexta pars Pers ‘pheria obfcura refiduae m ——— Media Infdlo Majoris Cafpii ——— i ——— . Tota I»fsla tetetta. —— ee ——— — Dubius Finis Finis CRI cron, trama creme Perm meum ——— —H ll $8.. oo 20 RNR e YR, $2. Qo ee, rere Sees > pn mr a? (PS) ag | pees ee ee CUR aL EAUUEGEIIMD , 20. impe ERE UNE guom r———— — ‘PRESS "Eosdem. PE. , 3 te 32. 336 SE) Gs The unumserzec3 Sasa ey Seed bom 42 44. I2». 45 | I2- 130 [A 18 195. is 93 18 43. I8 IngrWeat2: (92) i — Ingruente Ecliph Diftantias Lune a Fixis Seante — | joo eeperant D*. Halleius cum bin p fequentes, $us pora | pet ls (iir? aito as sae SPEM ‘hor. correct. d! uar ARES : | | ne n EAR eL. I $, 53. 07 Limbi Linz remotioris a Regulo__ 8, Og; 20: Y 55. 07] repet.| 8. 06. 20. {9+ Oa 34 | Limbi Lung rem. lucidàn Lumbis 9,5} 14. 58. 15. qut re -repet.| 14. 57- $5. | 8. 42 | Limbi Lung remot. a Regulo iteràm | 8. 12. 50 Luna in umbram pemtusmerfa | | D: Halleius TReCUTDI. | : 10, I9. 21 | Limbi Lune proximi a Regulo- 3 co] Ete 38. 06. Bas —temori a Regulo Qe, 236-59. 41. S1 ————- : -repet. | 9. 25. 35| No [T Eclip 12, 52. 00 Limbi remotioris a Regulo irerum |g. 58. .20 | 55$. 10] -denuó TO. ce. CO | Li ) ; | a = ^ Ll TET eeu en SEIT eee ER a PETERE CERE a ee a TP SEE 5 i e n A aD eer ars v k & " QUA as - 23 we i te f ian d & iA uu owe ve enna a LT 311 & « 2t x « TT 2 DENNIS ric 109.5 * 2 - gu am. = 2 ‘ fisci , La , neers H « ia Wi ) J ugs d preset "a sie EL 2 - wo v 4 P : mh) 4 —— A— n “ wat ; ^ * ~ a: —— ne ere edm s.s rta s Y ( 93 ) 5. An fn Afra of a Ded ra Dr. Win- "cler chief Phyfitian of the Prince Pala- - «tine, Dat. Dec. 22.1682. to Dr. Fred. ~ Slare Fellow of the Royal Society, con- . taming an account of a Murren in a "Switzerland, and the Method "» its oo CUfe YN the borders of Italy a Murren infected. the Cattle A which fpread farther into Switzerland, the Tertito» ries of Wirtemburg. , and over other Provinces, and made great deftrudion amongft the Cattle. The Contagion feem’d to propagate itfelfin the form of a Blew- Mit, that fell upon thofe Paffures where the Cattle grazed, info- "much that herds have returned home ficks being very dull, forbearing their food, mmoft of them would dy away intwenty four hours. Upon diffections were difcovéred large and corrupted Spleens j {phacelous and corroded Tongues, fome had Angina Malgna’s.. Thofe perfons that carelefly managed their Cast/e without a due refpect - to their own health, were themfelves ine and ae LI ing dilcafe ji nu very few of shpt that. were infected by the Murrain dyed. Some impute this Contagion to the a Witch-craft ofthree Capucins in. Switzerland ; But perhaps it s more. probably proceed from fome Noxious Exha- | N laizons C?) lations thrown out ofthe Earth, by threediftin& Earth. quakes- perceived. here and. in. our Neighbourhood. in the Space of one year. | | ou UXhe Method of Cure for the Cattle,» ^ "Bs fóon as ever there wasafy" Sufpition of the Conta gion wponeny ene of the Herd, the tongue of that bea]? was carefully examined, incafe they found any Aptha or Bhjlers whether White; Yeflow or Black, then they were obliged. to rub, fcrarchand’ rear the Tongue. with a- silver Infiru. ment (being about the bredth and thicknefs of a Six-pence but ihdented on the fides, and havinga hole in thé middle, whereby. its fafiened to: a Stack, or, Pandle as Fig, 14. ) fo that it deed, then they muft wipe away the Blood and: Corruption with new wnwafben linnen. This! done a Lotion for the Tongue is u(ed, made of salt and good. VAG PINNAE Re glade equos pias "Ihe 4xtidote for the difeafed Cattle, and the Medicine for the fick is the fame, and isthusdefcribed. ^ ^^ ——— ... Take of Sect, Gun-powder, Brimftone, Salt, equal parts». and as much water as is neceffary to wath it down, give a large fpoonful fot a Dofe, : ; ‘ E d. hi LÀ -" i p Ta - — : T" name EE Er etes E I "C aa AL further. confirmation of the above mentioned Contagions. “of its natures and manner of [breading, by way of Poftícript from the ingenious Fred. Slare. M. D. and F. R. S. Dat. Marches 6grdgou sim. 15d; bessasm vilslss3 3rd ~———I lately received an account of Two ifigenious Travel-_ ers, Who affured methe contagion had reached theit Quar- ters On the borders of Poland ; having pafsd quite — through Germany, and that the Methodufed in our Relation preferved and cured thei Cattle,’ They told me | the Con- tagion was obferved to make its progrefsdayly, fpreading. —— neat two German Miles in twenty four hours. This they. fay. ee C95) : fay was certainly obferved by many curzous perfons, that it continually without intermiffton made progrefiive voy- ages and fuffered no neighbouring Par/bto efcape s fo that irdid notat the fame time infe& places at great di- ftances.- - They added that caét/e fecured at rack and mane ger were equally infected with thofe inthe 770/72, It were worth the confidering whether this 2nfeftzom isnot’ carryed on by fome volatile Z»fz/!, char is able to make only fuch fhort flights as mayamount to fuch computations : For the account of the Ancients Concerning the | grand peftdential Contagioni is very little fatisfa&tory to. this ge, who derive itfrom ablind putrefattion, from the zncanta- tions of ill Aden; or from the conjunctions of inaufpicious Planets. (with Mr. Leewenhoeck had been prefent at fome of the azffectzons of thefeinfected Animals, tam perfwad- ed.He would have difcovered fome ftrange {fect or other ty fees z^ , way. f » Wut oux a: - 5 isi 5 PT whic a a for & Me d EE eX D x ^ €» j p» j ea wo II )' ey, wd I FE : "m b. EC E AUTE hi P UOS LAS t 2 P Pee RRA Oak po TL. VUL 335 t Cr mri h km wet * ^ d , wh cou ara L " e ciliie m S YE P WT I : jew ; Peed Ido VARIO Rant op ty qfulklktaeo nlrzen tr 1 QV tha die Saeki Ga YN Hj 2 )jÓíi, 2124 213 é ay ew A PD eet Ky umi V OU t ? E » 7 E i ) Jj NV iil 1 RSE ES UR o Iur "f "m PUN ER 1 % . e d) 4 ^ 3 Vs us à 0T } ‘fe ^ ex WM Y oe S ORE S - 4 * cw «GO 230 Clima Joo. 2L? -IO SHRI iJ n^ E 9 AM ks b : " * NOSTRA W^ Aen. n 4 i. 4 E i Iuow » jy 3ils Hed aiu r 1 , i ; a! edi WM Pw b AG Pepe Ree? Serine rime reer c ree VES e ^ Sr dar d : A4 C m AMIIiIA GI 2 LAJili 4 € 334A d E [(11.fIrG f ay PN Tn (ctf diu. xs NEG ? : 11:12:13 BU kal EERE PS) SPREE Series ly 4m ^ i ‘Ld w i44 Pee RALIBRVLÀÓJ vViiliil* 1 10. e ib. WM. à Lig jn ? A XP $4 Au La! Aou Ww Nd fe4 ROS dl : í i ri sik sin (2l of y» " r Á epee i n £$ 1 i E % us y* * ATA Pa C $3 A V. Y f LH hl ici dnb OI Ms n vw Tie H , ~~ ‘Two learned’ and curions Obfervers in ^ Staffordthire: ;:; concerning the Sand | found in the Brine of the Saltworks of — that Country&c. fent. tothe. Royal . . Society. by Dr; Rob. Plot. $. R:S.- T Avia had'occafioh about hal£ a year fince ro. conii t derithe Brines whereof we make-our viste Salt here in England: and more particularly thofe of Staffard/bire 5-4 confulted amongít others that inftru€tive difcourfe of Mr. John Collins concerning Salt and Fzfbery then newly publith'ts wherein finding Pag. 52. that thofe great quantities of Sand met with in all Brines; whether of Pits, made of Sea liquor, or by melting of forrezgn Salts, are not inthe Brznes before they are boyled, but produced by a fort of petrification during the Evaporation s which. He confirmes by the Experiment of ftrong Brinérlraving . been dreyned or {queezed through moft pure fine Holland. of. eight. foldings, and no fymptoms of any Sand being left inthe Felre: I thought it of goncern to me (though then at a great diftance my felf) to have the Experzment - repeated upon the Szafford/bire Brine, not only becaufe - thé particular acceuryT was then giving of it, but ra- ther for the fake of the great quantities of Sand Y knew to. come from that Brine. which I was inclin'd to believe would either quite overthrow, or mightily confirm the truth of that odd Phenomenon. Whereupon. E made bold to. requeft the affiftance of two Curious Obfervers, Neighbors Hii NL | to. B (97 ) to thefe Brene-pets, to make the Experiment, who were fo very nice in performingit, that to the eight folds of fine Flolland, they added as many more of finer Cambrick, through both which though they itrained a competent Quantity of the drze, yet found nothing left in this very clofe Colander, but a little black duff, which they imputed only to the foulnefs ofthe Warers it being nothing like. Sand; for having examin’d the Cloath both with their fingers and ' the Mzcrofcope, they could feelor fee no more of Sand than if they had percolated the cleareft Spring” wa- "ters and yet this drzve is found to-held in-boyling at leaft &ofas much Sand as Salt. 2. e. the Brine that fuffices to make a bufhel of Sait, yeilds alfo at leaft a Peck of Sand, But notwithftanding this Experzment, it did not feem to their apprehenfions necéffary- that the sand fhould be “generated in the boyling, but might rather be originally there; for before they ftrained it, they obferved in the "water (by the help ofa Mecrofcope) a great multitude. of very minute 4amals. (much fmaller than thofe inpepper- "mater) Íwiming about in itj together with many. {mall “tranfparent ‘plates, fome of thema little bigger than the ~ Ammaicle’s, and fome lefs, but all of a re&angular óblong figures thovgh fome indeed. fcem’d very: near a Square, "Which they found alfo in the ?wazer after ftraining as thick Üas'before. Nor did they ‘wonder at it; becaufe the pores:or "gatfier'interftices between the thre ds of the Hollandand — SCambrick. chough they weré extreamly fe, appear'd in * the Microfcope to be exceedingly (they affirm'd they might fafely fay twenty times) greater than either the :-Aacmalcle’s 20 t£ ~ or Phifer, ^ And thefe they judged tobe the'originál part - (cles both of the saleand Sand; which asthe Water: evapo- "rites td boy iig théy “thought might: gather together till "they made up füch'a vifible courfe body: as we fee the ~ greater Corner of each are; Wherein they were confirmed Ama Tittle time; ‘for obfervitig wiclián excellent Masro/cope fome. ——— Qs ——————————————— Taos aiunt di» 3o Ww ME . (098) 4c me of ché ftrong Brine which drops from the Baskets or Barrows whien-the: Salt, is firft: put intothem, though at firft it look't like. clear water, yet upon a more accurate obfervation it appeared exceeding full of thefe oblong par- ticles, which as they lcok't onthem, they could fenfibly perceive to gather together and. club to make greater X párts, and as the water dryed off from the glafto grow far larger and larger till they appeared as big, and not annchounlike a large fized Table Dzamond ::. W hich made them guefs that che $22 might be alfo generated (if E may fofay) after the fame manner, it. appearing to them to be nothing: (pardon the expreffion ) but aninfipid Salt com- -pofed of parts not fo /barp pointed as the other, but. round- er: and blounter angled, andconfequently, not fo pungent son) she Tongue... Which point, they. believed might be Cleared perteay if fome of the $274. were diffolved in. fait "water, and that water examined afrerwards by ftraining :orcotherwife to fee if any, orall the sand, would be left behind &z;:: :. : 2291 which:though they confeft they could not do..to any .con- - fideráble» ‘Quantity 5) yet. they; found,.that after .the - ftraming; i£ was -nonfo heavy by a.grear deal, as, belorest water:thaticame from it, being ,very: clear, which made - (them «believe; that it did diffolve in fome meafure, unlefs : J (ass very probable) ;thére/werein-he Sandfome parti- — | "ilesof Sai; | whishupondiflelution, werefeparated 5 e 14, DAT eo) | it,.and fo render'd izlighter : Neverthelefs they did not doubt but a great part of the Sand might alfobe diffolved — though perhaps no great quantity in. Pump-warer in which it feems they tryedit. Butthere hasno further Experi — mené yet been made, wherefore if the Koyal Soczety pleafe to fend me any znftructzons fora farthertryal, they fhall be carefully tranfinitted; and I dare promife them sascare- fully executed. W hat thofe Gentlemens opinions are concern- Ing the 4mmalcula they do not tell me, what my own is concerning thofe matters, ir fhall fuffice in general toac- .quaint you that I think they may perhaps may be analo- gous tothe Keles in Vinegar, the reft you muft expect in My Natural Fiifory of Stafford/bire now in the Prefs. 1 _ fhall add no more but that one of the aforefaid Gentlemen -my duty to the Society, and that] am. fince the account above. mentioned cafually looking upon fome of the Sait made at thofe pits before it was dryed and beaten fmall, obferved thar many of the larger Cornes Were of the fame fhape to the naked Eye. asthe minute . Ones appeard of in the Mocrofcope , and that they were vifibly made up of a great number of (mall plates, er up from a quadrangular oblong Bafe into a very obtule Pyramid, hollowed within. Which isallat prefent but. -— Their moft - Faithful p rc ky, | Servant, idi res Hore (. 100 ) LHORTUS INDICUS MALABARTI- . CUS, continens Regni Malabarici apud In- dos celeberrimi omnis generis "Plantas Rario- - ‘res &c. Amftelodami, Anno, 1678... we) te , > d Y E His excellent Work giveing account of the moft | "rare and ftrange Trees and Shrubs of the moft ; 7" fruicfuland flourifhing Country of Malabar in the Eaft Indies , by their defcriptions » Vertues, and whatever . elfehath been obferved. remarkable, hath been efpecially promoted by the noble and ingenious Governour of the fame H. Henry Van Rheede, who made his utmoft en- deavours to find and learn out nor only from his own obfervations , but by the advice and affiftance of the moft learned? men of the Couztry;wbat might prove. exact and true concerning this Subject, not only to pleafe the Curzous with thofe Mon[lers of Vegetables exprefled therein, but for the help to Mankend by their excellent Vertues. But through the various Employments of this Noble Perfon , himfelf not able (to hisdefire) to performe fuch a taske (tho accomplifhed and curious in drawing and defigning as well as other parts) earnefily defiring to profecute the fame, hecailed to his affiftance the moft experienced and learned Father Mathew of the Order of St. Jofeph a Carme" hte, whofe long inclinations to thefe Studies had raifed © 3 him to a great perfection of knowledge. who upon the re- queft of this noble Perfon opened his Treafure of Skill as well in his fwift and moft lively defrggmmg, as in other parts of this workes To which our prefent Author fohanes Cafra- — rius adjoyning his accurate hand in: fupplying the defe&s ofothers with his knowledge hath compiled and fet forth € T his | € iet this admirable work with very apt defcriptions and caut- -'ed the moft effential parts of each (v:) the Flowers; Fruits,and their Cafes;to.be alfo engraved in large Copper —. €uts generally as big as the Life;57.1n number, each whole . Sheet opened containing but one P/ant and its parts, moft excellently done. (they having had moft Skilful Painters upon the place,)to which are added the Latine; Malabarick, Arabich and Braman's names. And for that part coricein-- ing the Vertues the Author hath fet forth in their own Lan- guage, and with the Tranflations thereof, the Teftimonies of the moft learned men of the Country,-as Father Mathew the Carmelite, Ranga Botto 'inaque,Pandito, 69. Apu Bandito, Braman, and Litt Achudema Doctor of Chegu &c: whole fi- - delity Dr. Chriftian Herman,and.D:Ma uel cariier, (men of credit and fince returned home)by feting their hands to the Tranflation of their Teftimonials out of their original Lan- guages have certified co the World the truth of thefe Rela- PIGS he es cil nsi GREE Uy ea M Eia gr PFCs EPS PEU . . And for the better completion of this Laudable, Worke , that moft curious and exact Perfon whofe name fhould not be mentioned without an Encomium Dr. A. Seyn Phy-- fick and Botanick Profeffor lately at Leyden in his Epiftle complaining of the defe& in fome. other Authors of the connection and confent of others who have. alfo formerly written on the fame Subject, hath been pleafed wonderfully . to fatisfy che World and fhew his great learning in illu- {trating this Worke with his notes upon each Plant and his thoughts of the (ame; wherein he hath fhewed what Au- thors bave formely written ofit, and whatis new , who gives a great Character of the Worke. and that an Egg is not more likean £gg than the P/azz to thefe. Figures, which he defires you to look into this. Garden and behold. - Wherein our Author firft gives a large account ofa fort of Palm-Iree which he calls Tenga, whole Fruits are much coveted by Elephunts, and the Trees Eradicated by them for the fame. From the Juice or Liquor of which Tree they there makedivers forts of Drinks,one efpecially which | | O they € 102 ) : | they call Su, a Liquor of a grateful Sweetnefs mixed with Acidity ftrong and inebriateing as Wine , which whilft new is Sweetin the Morning; Sowre by Nights’ one day fomew bat’ acid, the ‘nexe day fweet; but after due ‘Permentation paft; proves an excellent moderate Drink; helpfull in Feavers, very pleafant and wholfome; which by diftillation they improve tobe fpirituous as Brandy. OF . this Tree and) its. feveral parts are Four feveral Plates. "Dri P; Herman now "Ptofelfor at Leyden fent from thence a leaf of another fort of Pa/mby them called Carim- . pana 30 Feet long, and moderately extended 9 Feet broad. --Another fort called caunga of which and, its feveral párts-are FourFigure$;0 ^00 e be mn *^ K Fourth fort called Zmpanais very fruitful Tree beating am innumerable Stock of round Fruits exceeding fharp of taft and’biréing tothe Tongue. ^ — — ^A Fifth fort he calls Schunda-pana. -- 00 0000 A Sixth called Bala with plain ftreight leaves undivided , whofe Roots bóyled' prove very helpful to thofe who are - troubled ‘with Vertiginous firs ; fharpnefs of Urine, and whofe bedies have beeninfe&ed with Quzckh- Silver, —— " He tells us of the largeft of Canes which he calls L/y, fuppoled to-be that which €. Bauhine calls Arunde Arbo- rea, an example whereof D. Herman fent over from thence, faying that the Portugals have corruptly named it Bambu ov Bamboes, which he entituled 4rzndo Indica arbo- — rea cortice {pinofo, and tells us that they call it Nuayhas, which is the gue Treefrom its effects upon thofe who. . wath themfelves in thofe Waters wherein the Leaves have fallen; but’ they türneitalfo to good ufe by makeing a Decoction of the Leaves, which feemes one of their beft difperfers of coagulated blood, either inwardly oroutward- — - ly taken, and from the pithie part inthe mid lle of the old ones they make an excellent Medicine againft the Stran-_ gury and fharpnefs of Urine. The Leaves hereof feem. different from others ofthis Nature being not S T 3 | | anas - , G493) 7 hands length and,a finger breadth, growing in bunches upon pedicles or foot Stalks out of the feveral Joynts , and he reports that about 60 yearsalter the. fowing hereof it bears its Flowers allin a Months time, and its Seeds,.di- vefting its felfofitsLeaves , wholly dies away Rootiand Branch. pital sits we There is a Cane of this in the Gallery of the Garden at Leyden 26 or 28 Feet !ong,and in the Afufeum AJ/bmolianum. at Oxford one not much lefs;being 8:or'9 Inches Diameter. both which have certainly loft a great part , one-end hot much exceeding the other in bignefs. — — — _ They have a Treeor Shrub which they call 4ppelsorNal la Appella, which ferves. for many excellent ufes, "Ehe Oyl extracted from the Roots, is ot a, Gold yellow colour; of a moft grateful fmell, fomewhat.of fharp saft mixed with a little bitternefs,eafeth the pains of their Heads and almoft PR any other parts of the Kody, all Aches.comeing from Cold, the Gout, Spleen, of the Bowels, very. prevalent. againft Ages. Faavers ere. iod asm an Lh us _ Another which he calls, Garaz,\ which D.seyn thoughe £good to call Laurus of ‘Anana’s, which our Travellers know by the name of Indian Pine- Apples.’ OF the firfthe gives 8 Figures to ex- prefs the feveral Growths and Parts of the fame; grow- ‘ing a confiderable heigth, divideing its felf into divers branches, from the naked: paris of which (which are tranf- parent thata man looking up may fee the Skie through them) ir drops down new rooty matter which touching the earth takes frefhhold forits farther procedure, (as is Obfervable in the Sedum arborefcens majus when it grows. well) the flowers are pleafantly fweet, and the frazts growing at every branches end are received among their delicacies;'and defired by Elephants. ^A fecond fort called Karda taddi beareth large fruits like clufters of the fruits ofthe true Pene-tree fet together. Thirdly Perin-Kaida-taddi whofe fruit grows in large ‘bunches but with leffer fcales, not diftin&tly apartas the Cre oe es | | : - Fourthly Katda-tsjera,which feem (as well as the reft of his)fomewhat odd names preterding to beLatiesthe fruits of this fort become large long Cones with a ftiff forked prickle upon each fcale,and arepleafant fruits to eat. He tells us of ‘a beautifal Shrub about 8 or 10 feet high bearing clufters of flowers, which are of divers colours, as - red, fcarlet, white and fhaded with degrees of thefe col- | Ours,'asis the plant with us called the Marvel of Peru. ^ Alfo three forts of Hummatu which are kinds of Datu- raone with prickly fruit but round, two other with fi "d D Siam : Puts: (£0106 ) fruits ovals the leaves ferve. for many: external and. et internal ufes; the Seeds are of a Soporiferous quality, as the known Datura. Here are two forts. of aire mentioned, which are 4- | qoeynums, whofe feed veftelsthe Arabians call Berd eloffar, which. others name Bader, which i is "pugnum majus Syriacum; retium Cornuti. — - Ayanacu ceu Citavanacu of our Authoris Ricinus. Ameri- canus.of others, of which here are feveral fortsand fhapes. He fets forth among many othersa curious Shrub called Nandi-Ervatam major €. minor. bearing large odoriferous _ flowers, for whofefweetnefs they are entertained.into their gardens, one whereof was brought over and prefented to the Prince. of Oranges and did. if not doth grow in his Garden: at Honfeleardick which our Annotarour calls . Syringa AMalabariénfes laéte{cens flore niveo pleno odoratiffimo., - Divers others are fet forth worth obfervation whofe de- feriptions are good and whole vertues vesm to bs. MOX x not E d Hort: Tandis Malabaric pars tertia &e. Anf 4duno1682. | | "UPPER These part the - owe a eig Eucellinz Het 5 Aid hath dedicated to the Indian King in whofe Domine — ons himfelf lived feveral years, and there colle&ted, and made his.obfervation of what that Country afforded, who — hopes by his ptomife of true relation thar hisaccountof — fo many new and moft. wonderful. plants and. uees. May not jl be apprehendéd:an. ungrateful. works fince.the. .gremeft — part théreof are füch, asihave not been. mentioned .by any * — &uropean Author, complaning ofthofe who ftuff the World | with new bodks of formerly known Subjeits. Ej - In his furvey of theWoods BERI with no. (mall E pleafiac, he:could snot) but. obferve almoft (BYE: bk d VE - o (CARE. to be different. fometimes feeing fome 80 feet high or more of a very.confiderable thicknefs feeming but one bo- _ dy, but bearing 10 or 12 different forts of leaves, flow ets, fruits. &c... Which feemed amazeing at firít, but from better examination they proved to be fo many feve- ral forts growing up Hlederaceou/ly together, complicateing themfelvs into one body, others with their boughs falling tothe ground or drcpping reots from their. branches grow- ing. up again employing a large {pace of ground, and fome-- tünes fo. neatly growing that they feemed rather to bea ftately Palace with its curious Pillars and Arches, chan an uncultivated woods which @mbrella’s Providence hath wonderfully beftowed on thefe hot Countries which are very pleafant and fruitful as ifeach part were cultivated by skilful and induflrious hands. _. This rich Country he telis you is extended from the City of Goa to the Comorene Promontory 120 German miles, and about 30 broad, abounding in all neceffaries both for meat and medicine. . He feems mightily to commend the unex- preffible cunning of their goverment, their «Theology and Politzc&s o well mixed, one depending upon the other:that the fame may in probability hold to the worlds end. The two firft parts of this work wereefpecially compi- led by the Reverend and skilful D. . Cafeartus a Divine in the City of Cocbzn (where then lived D.P. Herman the pre- fent Botanik Profeffor at Leyden, a perfon of excellent ex- ‘perience and skill, and no {mall inftrument in this work with his affiftance there) which D. Cafearzus then dying | beforethe finifhing of the work D. van Rheed tcok to his. -affiftance the well experienced D. 7. Munmicks now Pro- feffor at Vtrecht for the profecution and completion of his - defigned work, to which D. 7. Commelinus hath beftowed his curious Notes,but tellsus that this herd volume fhould - have been more properly the fecond, confifting moft of trees as the firft doth ; and the fecond (hould have been the laf containing Shrubs and Plants, in which are 64 whole theet plates of Sculptures rarely done. In. ~ s . (NaS) | In this: Volume our Author fers forth ¢rees more unufual and feemingly ftrange than in either ofthe other. At firft he prefents you witha monftrous Palm tree which he’ calls Codda panna; {ive Palma montana Malabarica,and fays that a- bout the five or fixandthirtieth year of its age it rifeth to be about 60 or 70 feet high w' plicated leaves near round, 20 feet broad , wherewith they ufually cover their Hou/es, and part of one leaf makes a Book, between whofe folds $ they ftamp their Characters entring the outward Cuticle and: there remains the zmpreffion, which proves moft durable or Records or the like, bur bearing neither flowers nor fruits in that times out of the cop bud whereof rifeth forth a new Stem Whichin 3 or 4 months time becomes 30 feet highs a- bout which time the /eaves fall off, & there appears a plaine; ' naked » upright? ftreight. tree, from the fides of which new fhoot,in about 3 months more {pring forrh divers na- ked ftreight parts from every fide round, the lower whereof may be 2o feet long, Waereof there isa large pattern in Mr. A/bmoles Mufeum at Oxford. Afterwards thefe branches . are adorned with abundance of (mall white flowers gro wing in bunches or bundles moft pleafant to behold, which fall- ing away are fuccceded by great ftore of round fruits hang- | ing on the fmall branches of an Ojseous fubftance with | plump Kernels in the middle, which being eaten caufe Vomiting, and not of much ufe. This may probably be that mentioned by C. Baubine, Arbor folys fex brachiorum longis, cujus folio extenfotres quatuorve virt in. itinere operiuntur ut (o pluvias non metuant. Author hath employed 12 plates... | There is another which is referred to the Palmes very ftrange, called Todda-panna ; to fet forth its feveral parts, fhapes and tranfmutations, our 4uthor hath beftowed nine — plates.the whole growing about 30 feet high;with a ftrange body about a foot and half or 2 feet diameter, with many: joints and asit were Florzzontal articulations. Another he calls Katou-Indel, whichis alfo referred to the To exprefs this fo notable a thing and all its parts. the- ee ETT l 1 1 ite mss a ke ls MEC ee ee ee qne 2 "ON C 109 ) which he gives 4 Plates. | — CU fiaka-meramt Pilau Malabarenfbus 5 Iaqueira .Lufita. mss isalarge Timber Tree, bearing its fruits fomewhat extraordinary hangine out of ithe body of the tree and large branches, not onthe fmall: branches as other trees -do, each one cubit long ofan oval form all over prickly Of which our Zufor particularizeth the partS.on the three © Plates. — [I Lovan s 4 Porn He tells us alfo of a Tree of a vaft bignefss which he calls Atti-meer-alon , of $6 feet commonly in circumference, whereof there is one in the Provine of Cochin by the Temple — Baykam, which they fay hath been there growing 2000 ‘Vearse j , | : Many other things might havebeen obferved as things very unufal in thefe parts of the world, which we leave - - the curious Reader farther to fatisfy himfelf of, from the [o "workitfel, ^ Po di Epil ( tio ) | T = . INSUFFICIENT IApropris- cipiorum corporum. J aturalium. munere «gerendo , confcripta a Johanne Bohn pt t ee j T mtr 3 do P, ) Aj t p dr n vu BCT cate ROP | ‘THe ingenious Author of this Epifile; in purfait of his ^n Seedy do's? 0v 913 40 ering sisd: ni lgipmy vise Phil ac Med. Dal. vin eA cade Lip 1. Complain of the obf{cure, and imperfect Definitions, whi chare given of the two great Duell/f/s of Nature, Ale cali and Acidum, by the favourers of this Alypothefs 5 if every thing, which ferments with anacid,be an Akal, how comes it to país, that Spirit of Salt or Spirit of Vitriol caufes a fermentation, and precipitation, when mingled with a folution of Luna, or Venus, made with Aqua-fortzs, Or Spzrit of Nitre> and, if whatfoever coagulates with an Alcali, be an acid; whence is it, that Lzgwer Nerf, . or ol, Tartariper del.» turns Milk? and that Spirit X coagu- lates with ol. Tart. per deliquium. E D . 2. He afferts, that thofe actions, which are imputed Il. Epiftola ad D. joclem Lanzelottum "DE ALCALI. ET ACIDI to Ala and Acidum, do many times belong to fuch bo- | dies, as partake of little, or nothing: of thofe Prenciples ; for inftance. he fays, that the eroding quality of Oils per Expreffionem, does not arife from the acd of thoic ozis, there being not (as hefays) fo muchac in them, as can produce all thofe Zfeé?s, which are commonly laid to its charge, xbg Hes Y à " ^ Y ee DN * H Bees UE MET oe agen o | | E: ? | i | ET Ad Em dioe che ins is an abfolute neceffity. ofintro» ducing (at leaft) one athive Principle mores without which ie is impoffible to explain feveral Phenomena of Nature, pare ticularly the inflammability of Spaz of Wene,which (he iays} cannot proceed from any acid, that is in it, (as the friends to this Alypothéefis would perfwade us) for Speret of Wine "well Tartarizd, burns away as readily, as that which is of an equal ftrength with it, and is not 7 artarix 4 at all. The Author has hit on many things, which the Honora~ blé Mr. Boyle thought firto make ule of in his: [Refleéteons " pon the Hypothefis fs OF Alcalt y and Acidum| which. trad was Prinied-in tbe fame year with this Epé/He,'and may very Pinel be'confulted for a adde fatisfadion; inthis fub- gu DA ASPEN AL at Hebi BANE D. SPIRITUS s NU SINE ACIDO&c, - -. Demonftratio ewriofa, * | THe Author of this little’ Treniife (which 1s curii - with the Epiffle before mentioned) does prove,that there is no 4ezd in Speret of Wine. 1. by affirming that Sperit- of Wine, altho cobdbated feven times from salt of Tartar, ue by thefe means freed from its acd, if it had any-at all ) does ftill alongs an Offa alba, . when mingled: with sere, of Urine, OR By giving an pr : of [prt of Wine, ih d dif- covers it to bean Qz diffolved i in Phlegm, having nothing at all of an acid init. | 3. by th ‘Cir ) 43 - $8. By fhewing, that this Offa alba will not bear that Teft, which a Coagulumarifing froman A/eoli; and ad Acid, willundergo ‘for, when brought tothezzre, > ivimmedix ately diflolves. Lisrovat mz ogsicidoga et - (0 Advertifement, ince the "Printing the ferft fheet of rbis - Tranfaction,the Altar there Bngraven. and Explained, together with another anci- ent Roman one, both the Gift of the learn ed and judicious Interpreter Martin Lifter Efquire ; are fafely arrived at Oxford ; where they will [peedily be fet up, togerber with [ome others of the Worfbipful Elias Aíhmole E/quire, in the Court before the Muleum by Him lately furnifheds E. F Printed by LEONARD LICHFIELD, Printer | tothe Univerficys and art tobe fold by Fez. Rogers — - ,; Athe Sign of the Buble in Weftininfler Hall; and. | o v. Sam, Smith at the Princer- Arms in di — — St Pauls Church-yard. |.-E685. far, ES Philofoph. Tran act. Vent. 140. Tab. à Fio: 5 emm IE Er £e RS Recuper luminis fritium. Ki g- 6. Prem NE Tota f, obscur. Finis €c lips. ABurg. feutp. S. - — PHILOSOE HI ae R A N N A Sed fA : | z pil | dod, a = The CO NTEN M jp Dsdonitisc 1L OMBRICOS LATO Sor a la read before "the Royal Society,of tbe Joynted. Worm; wherein a great many Miftakes of former Writers concerning it,are remark- ed ats Natural Hiftory from. more exatt Obfervations is rad and the whole; urged, ‘as. a Difficulty, agacnfe - the. Doitrine of Univocal Generation: -by Edward Fyfon ‘Thedbreadth of this Worth’ is various s both:in :che» feveral parts of the body of the fame Worm s as alfo.in one Worm, compared with any other. The longer the: Wor1 is; the broader ufually are the latter Joynts ^ Thatcofi (d) Gul. Fabricius Hildanus was grana Sex latus s and becaufe thiss andthat other of Spigelius, are often referredto ; I thallhere give a partof the* figures of borhofthem nin 2 in — 2, The fecond particular I obferved:was it's foynts.From thefe “large zmezurés of the body s/a great number, or genus of Animals 5- liave the name of fes... In Earth- Forms, Leeches, &c. The Annu, which make .up-the length cf the body, ‘are very remarkable ;'but much dif- erent from thofe in ou prefent Subject s> they. being more proportienate to: one anothers and not: of founequalha length, And in the ‘Teretes, and Zdfearides the furface.of ‘the body; 'feenis more éven; and fmóoth;: and.not divided after this. manner,^/ /Thefe Joynts are: fo fet ons that the lines or extream edgesofthe former, come.over the later; which is to bé welfobfervedy and máy dire& - às!:t0 that patt or 'extream ^! where weomay: fuppofe thei;Z224 - to be placed. ©. Thefe edges of che former Joynts which fhoots over the later, ‘in?fome IL have: obferved to be plain, and fmooth ;- in others crénated, and. indented ;. in:all, by TON E i ¥i- Jo gw d " a 4X JE NT ; M a K214i E bx 3 ‘ ty Y (2). Spigel. de Lumbrico LZg0p.12:21/1. (how. 11 esa: (b). Mar. Donatus de Mdedic..Hift. mivab, \e Aesth afa e] H Fig. 7 ; 8. ( c) Apud Hildanm Cent. 2, 0bs. 71, y (d) Obs.chirhrg. Cent. 2005040), © t29ff01 I0; VEST) DOT! ( drawing . t-Fig. Te CIIETI) 3 e drawing it through ones fingers from the Tayle to thé head, you will find a great roughnefs ; but if the other way; fromthe head to the tail, ir feems fmooth. 2. Many, who: have obferved this Worm, do takenotice - cf the difference of it's extreams ; how much larger oneis . then the other s. bur not well confidering the fetting on of the foyntss abundance have been mifledintoan error, by taking the Afead for the Tail: and fo have either mift of obferving ; or miferably miftaken in the defcribing the Head. Thus Spmelus (e) makes the flenderer part of the body to be the Tail; butconfeffes he conld never ob- ferve the bead, nor was he likely where he looked for it. — | Amatus Lufitanus. (f) makes the head to be white, and Verrucofum, thence the body, he faith proceeded broad, and grew narrower towards the Tas which does füffici- ently fhew his miftake which I muft needs takeittobes — for in al! LE have hitherto obferved, ] conftantly found that. extream Whére the Head is fet on: (if we may allow it to have any) much: fmaller than the other; fometimes . Bot half a quarter fo broad 5 in othersle(fer or greater often according to the length of the Worm ; EutinallI take notice, if they are of any confiderablelength, that the Joynts towards the head are vaftly shorter, than to- wards the tail. Forintone I have-by me 24. foot long, | there about five Joynts make an Inch; whereas the latter Joynts here are above an Inch long 5. but infome E have taken out of dogs, there were 30 cr 40 fometimesabove 60 anuli, which towards the Head, did makeup but the length of an Inch; whereas towards the 72/76 or 7 Joynts did equal that meafure and fometimes 3, fo that gradually the Joynts feem to encreafe both in length, and - widenefs, as they approach the Ta, Buc withall it muft be obferved;.:thár according to:the-Corrugation or exten- (c) De Lumbrico Lato cap. s. p. 12. (£) Cnraz, Medic. Cent. 6. curat. 02. | (18 1) fon of thefe Joynts, their: dimenfions will be altered: which is moft apparent in them when alive.» That like- wife there i$ a great difference of thefe Joynts in:the vari- ous Species of this Worms for I think there are more forts thanone. Andastothe differences of them there are rhefe I have taken noticeof. 1. Thatiu moft the foynts gradually, and very fenfibly encreafein length. Butina vaft quan- tity of this Worm voided by a perfon here in Towr, but in feveral pieces, 2,3, 4, or moreor fewery:rds longs I obferved for a great length the Joynts much the fame ; —. butfuppofe T faw here neither the head, nor Tail. 2. In fome thofe orifices, which I take for mouths, were placed about. the middle of the Joynts, on the Edges; in others, about the middle of the fla? of the Worm, near the Joynr- ings. 3. Thefe juttings, orlipsoftheupper Joynts, o- ver the lowerin fome, were plain; inóthers crenated; in others, the great protuberatings at the fide rendered the the wholeWorm ferrated.- 4. Ufually the fame Joynt is much of a bignefs throughout but the upper extream fomething lefler than the lower. Putin oneI took our of a Dog, f obfeived that towards the Tail, the upper parcofthe Joynt, by which?twas faftened to the foregoing Joynt, was very flender; in the middle broad ; and to- wards the other extream grew Taper again 5 fo that it did well enough refemble the || /zzre» which (g) Cornel Gemma || r has given of it; and isborrowed, and Copyed from him, by Aldrovaudus , Spigelius, Sennertus, and others. — Not that the whole Worm, as hehas madeic; was fos but one- ly fome ofthe laft Joynts. And in another I took out of the fame Dog I could not obferve the (ame thing 5 as neith- er did lina third, I took out ofanother Dog, which was abouttwo yardslong ; whereasthefe were each but: about à foot or foot and half long ;- And this leads me,to confider (g) Corn, Gemma lib. de occultis Nat. Chavalerifmis. ' | i tne ig. 9. Er is CE ) the fourth particular, I have propofed, the great lensth of this Worm. j ! | 4: Alexander (^) Trallianus in his Epiftle to Theodorus, tells us, cis fometimes as long as all the Guts» ds 4 eaezéz es TocUmoy xum pides, ase x) 8AM GULTMpELTE Yeu) TO iyTÍQUO not that it lies extended ftreight the length of the Guts ; as thofe might think, who fondly imagined 'twas nothing elfe but a Mucous fkin, or Spolwm ofthe fame : Butic - lies convoluted in feveral places; fo chat ic often vaftly exceeds the whole length of the Guts themfelves. Thus (5) Pliny remarks, that there are zntra. bominem Tenie tri- cenkm pedums aliquando & plurium. Platerus obferved one forty foot long. : et ate : Thaddeus (*) Dunus faw voided by a woman one piece of this Worm five yards longs and another, above 20. yards long. Yet in neither he could obferve either ie Head or the Tail. So thatit may be thought but fome partofthe Worm. But what (7) Olaus Barrichius tells us is remarkable; that a Patient of his, in a years time has. voided 800 foot of this fort of Worms but in. feveral pieces, and that 200 foot of it, hekept by him and’ that hitherto. he has: nor met with the Head. For the Patient obíerved, that alwayes in the voidingit, he per-- ceived it break off; that he has nor yet come to the end; and ftill goes on in voiding the fame. Which I could parallel with an inftanceofa perfon herein Town, once my Patients who has voided vaft quantities of this: Worm, for fevetal years togethers butin feveral pieces, 2, 3, 4. Six or more yards long; butall put together; would much exceed the length of that of Borrichius, (™) Zulpius faith he fhewed in the Anatomy "Theater, 40. yards (h) 4d finem lib. Mercurialis de Morbzs Puevovum, —_, (i) Plin. Nat. Hifl, l. 2x . Cap. 33. - (x) Thadd. Mifcel. Med. c. 14. (1) Vid Bartbol . AGl. Med. vei, 2.065.470. (m) .Obs. Med, 1. 2» Cr 420 edit Amftel. AR» 1652, : - f ( 120 ) f of this Worm s which was voided by one, in two days ‘time. So that, if we fhould compare this, with thofe Microfcopical Antmalcula, obferved in Semine Animalium, which according to (^) Lewenhoeck’s computation, if they were placed head to tail a great many Thoufands would {carce «make the length of an Inch s (they being fo fmall. ut quditem (faith he) millena millia arenam grandiorem mag- nitudine non equatura:) we fhallfind here a greater difproportion in bulk. of thefe Ammals in the Lefer World, than between the dt, and Elephant, or any almoft in the greater. Andit may be, istheonly inftance in Nature of one that has no determinate bounds init's. growtb;at leaft that is known. Forto beatany certainty I think is very difficulu; fince when it comes to any con- fiderable length by lying in fevera! Clufters, or Convoluti- ons in the Inteftiness the defcent of the feces efpecially being quickened by a Purge, will be apt to break part off; which yet ftill wi!l live, and grow till quite carried out of the body. Befides I queftion whether all thofe pieces which are voided by the fame perfon, may be all ways re- puted: parts of the fame Worm, orofdifierent. Indeed -(°) Spigelus fpends a whole Chapter to prove plures uno non nafci, nec in homine bis ma[ti notatum. He quotes the Au- thority of (?) zf&uartur, and gives his own reafons toos. fince nature allwayes makes feweft ofthofe Animals, which. ~~ are the largeft; and thofe.are alfo uniparous, nor muld-. parous;and he thinks either the want of food, the ftraight-. nefs of the place, or the weaknefs of human Nature; not be-: ing able to bring them-to perfection, and fo greata length; will prevent the being of more'than one. (3) FZzppocrates or, who fo was.the Author of that-Book afcribed.to him;aflerts: Tn ee Vra 5 bon (n) Philofophical Tranfact. No. 142.p. 1041, and YO44* 7... c Vw. (o) De Lumbric. Lato. €, 10, :3r: "eR , nk. "à d eun : pin d) (4l (p) Lib. x, Meth. c. 21. NET C oS NEC gun fs (9) Hipp. de morb. lib.4. oN COM me ARMIS HR «ane A VL) Pa | 4 j IE th ef. e E M «M, ado. (co NATL et V that | CC 34321) that? dsbredin the Child whilft yerin the Vomb, sbrasr 3 PT ey 73 edid ior thee | pilleneis. ew, “and afhgnes Hig reafon ‘forit; why onely then and adds that ithas been obferv- -ed by Midwives, that upon giving Medicines to bring a- . . way the Faces from new born Infants, they have brought ‘away both the round , ‘and flat. Worms ; which if true, what he afterwards adds, {c. i. non [ponte exeat; vel expellatur Medicamentss , una cum ‘hunni confenef. cere 3 Euvaglaynegoxey here may be literally underftood; in refpect of the Mar. "as well as Worm Since they are obferved very often, if not inoft frequently 1 in grown perfons, ‘as alfo o/d men. As "Gabuciius mentions one troubled with them, who was 5^. years old’; which renders fufpected the truth of this affer- tion’: “And Spigelias upon enquiry of the Midwives both in Germany, and Italy » could: never be informed that they ‘obfetved ‘thefe: Worms in new. born Infants. But as to | Spigelius his reafons; ‘why there fhould bé no more than one in the body áta rime 5 I fhallónely give this anfwer , - that upon’ diffe&tiori of a Dog obferved two entire ones ; "büt each not much: abovea footlong. So that that anfwer he gives to that obfervatioh-of. (*) 'Forefius, who-men- ^xións £welve voided at the fame time that they were. one- ly parts: ‘of thé fame Worm ; ‘tho often it may be true, yet fometimes it may be otherwifes Efpecially, where we fee fuch prodigious quantities aré voidedof them. However | «this i$ ündeniable, and'miuft be' allowed 5 thát this" Worm is vaftlyo long; which’ plainly appeáts “even by thofe pieces ‘we fee-of ‘them; for befides' the inftancesalready given. [o Semon’ Schüliius ‘Mentions one feven yards long, and another ‘nine ‘yards. (Sy Cluj fus tell$ us that the Duke of Vaftria s? Cook voided pieces of this Worm, 6,12, and Eos pane longi: nS getheds-meafured. cne 18. yards LA Visas; € T7 s the "PY Pua li ji () Fudfai. 0 Obs. lib. Beh Oh ae RN | (9) Mifcellan. Guriofa Germ. vol. 3. .Obs. Au M Du in Monard, lib, 3. Simpl. Medic. — pee long ! | ( x22 ) long. (+), phaveoftentimes here feen them my felf but fhall men- tion thofe onely; I found: imdeffection ; as imei withthe (x) Plater. Obfery. Lib. 3. p. 891. (y) Plater. Praxis Tom, 2.1. 2. 6. 13. | (z) Mifcel, curiof, German, vol, 4. Obs. 126. R2 | fir (124 ) firft time two. ‘There was indeed another piece, which I. tàke onely as» broken: offifromioze of the former, be- caufe here both Exzremes were pretty large, andthe Joynts, - throughout proportionably long. -Rur inthe two others rhe: difproportion was very remarkable ;.. For befides ob- - ferving here cheir:headrhifpid or thick befet:with: hairés or: fmall. fpikes.: which: :fhill afterwards defctibe 5. rook: notice that this extreme if extended; was véry flender;and:: when alittle contracted, the Joynts fo very fmall, that they were Icatce difcernable by the naked eye ;; but where I could better diftinguifh them, between 30 or;qomade the length of. an. Inch; bur towards theother Extreme or 7 a7, inone four, in the other 6, or 7 Joynts made that lengths One of thefe Worms was fcarce a foot long ; the other nora foot, and half... qme, ny bitis pid, Fig, +. _ In another Dogs fince diffe&ed,I found *another Worm, . with juft the fame bead, but about five foot longs To- wards the head inthis 60 Joynts fcarce made an Inch; but at the Taz about three did equal that fpace s and the joynts here were about a quarter of an Inch /road ; andin the fides of the Joynts in this; ! plainly perceived thofe Orzficer, 1 at prefent call thezouths ; and fhall defcribe in my fixh particular. >Botastothe Head. 555000 00) 50:0 s. The head of Nile does not feém to be more perplex t» and obfcure to the Antients> then that of this Worm, which hascreated.as many Controverfies among Anatomifis of . late, as that. has:with Geographers of old.. And thofe too. who have had theadvantage of obferving vaft quantities of thisJVorm, after their moft ftri& enquiries, and moft dili- gent refearch thereinto; have at laft been forced to confefs, that they are ftill aralofss. and know nothing certain of it; and what they propofe, they deliver rather as a conjecture at random,than any thing asan eftablifht truth. And many, : as moft ofthe Antientsare utterly filent init. * Spegelus | a Spigelins de lato Lumbrico c. $. p. m. x1. — LEONE e - " how * Fig. 3. myfelf, ( 125.) who has, wrote a. whole Book of it. and with the gteateft accuratenefs of any before him; yer tells us. after he had delivered the opinions of thofe before him; ego autem quan- quam nunquam caput videre potuerim, nom levi ratione conycto, huic effe parvum in acutum definens, G roftratum, ut alyslum- brices eff, and acquaints us that Gabucznus did feem to give ip roffrum acutum, and to compare. it to that of the deus marinus. But as I fhall (hew in my /aff particular s cwas Gabucinus's opinion that this Worm was nothing el(e thana Spolium of the Inteftine , which included the Cucurbztenz., which gave it life and motion. dd inu m . But in ZÓgpoltus: Brillus, who (fometime. before had wrote a book, .de Vermibus in Corpore humano genitis, 1. find ‘Nothing befides Quotations, and they too nothing re- . markable to our puipofe. > Amatus Lufitanus makes it Vere rucofum et album ex qno Corpus latum procedebat, 8 quo magts ad caudam accedebat, eo ftrittius evadebat, Which addition as I have obferved deftroyes the truth of his obfervation. © Rondeletzus faith’ cis longum, parvum, oculis defittutum, and indeed what ufe of eyerit fhould have, I cannot fee. So 3 Foreffus obferved it 2nmucronem tanquam {ubulam defifse. © Wel(chius thinking all thisnothing, tells us that all be- fore, obferved thefe Worms to be ‘exéoeaer, and that the ff? that difcovered, and gave them ahead was Tulpzus 3 and fince that, fo Mich. Febr, 1 fhall therefore give their obfervations of it; and then deliver what I have obferved - Ne, Tulpius a noted Phyfician, and Burgomafter at Amfterdam in the former f Editions of his Medical Obfer- vations makes this Worm to be * Biceps; and to have two beads, placed like the Horns of a Szads not that he ob- b Amat. Lufitan, Cent. 6. curat. 74. e Rondeletius lib. de diguofc, morb. €. 17» d Forefins Obferv. lib. 26. c. 36. e Welfchius de vena. Medinenji cap. A« p« 130. 131 à f Anno 1651, 16520 Cot, ferved Lau Le jo weeds i a (126) | ferved it fo himfel£, but had the relation of it, and figure; from Henricus à Rugen'à Kinfman of Zuserias €lafias, who — voidedir. Bur affeverebat ipf us fatis fantte inhefiffe iluad epfum Caput, quod exprimit. figuras and he faith, erat au- tem hoc Caput, ut breves fic utique planum ac latum & ejuifdem ~ cum reliqua Corpore coloris: one of the heads was broken off by theviolentftraining in the voiding. — Zf/teroznterim ille- fo» [ed circa apicem fummé villofo s attamen fine ullo oris hiatus quo. dum caret, quid vertlimilius, quàm ipfum ali folo futtu. Lo this T fhall add, what * Joh. Rhodius has delivered ; which favours this opinion of a double head; where he tells us, that Adrianus Spigelius upon diffe&tionof a Lap- - Dog which dyed of an Epzlep/y in the year 1622: that he found the Fnteftines full of this fort of Worms, fed zmprimis Latus Lumbricus ys adbefit, capite bifrdo , qui veram candide coloris factam referebat, but notwithftanding thefe’ Az. thorities, | (hal till fufpend my belief of thefe double heads till berter Information. Andindeed Tulpiws himfelf feeme to me to fufpect the truth of the Obfervation, having in the." fat Edition of his Book wholely left irout; with- out taking any notice of it, and given another very differ. ent; and inthe fame figure, he has erafed the former heads, and clapt on a * new one, to'the old body 5. quitedifferent. - from what was before; and that we mighre not miftruft " i4. Fig. 4 : this, he telIsus that chis head is non feli, aut piflumy fed : gentinum, 69 prout id plum dum Corpori etiamnuminhereret} à Francifco Vicquio, Arnoldo Tholingio, esque guam . plurimis Meditis coram confpettum,edque nén femel atque dterum, [ed tertium.nam toties infectum hob excrevit Uxor Gal. Stithiy. His defcription of itis veryfhort. Frat autem capur bot non minis acutum, quam blanum, & oreadmodum exile, Blaue was 4, quá ejus Iconem, dum. adhuc veperet, erizucdut — Solomon Saverius arts ejus abunde peruus. But.by allt canfeein his figures, E cant'ebur think, heisacthewrong ; SION Lu ES g Fob. Rbodij Obs. Med. Cents a. Obs. gw. - i LB. Anno 1672, -— V end 5 | ( 427°) | end: s... fot by confidering the prominence of the Soynrr, the -placeing of it's. Spots, and difference of it’s ends 5 E 4hould fooner by half look for it at the fmalle/? extieam which he makes the Tail, than the other where he has now ylaceduwob sw bns vebsoid. s; . : » ge. à Michael Fehr a German Curiofo in. his Treatife de Hierá pur fre de Abfynthioin the year 1644. he obfetv- ed in a piece voided by a Patient about 6. yardslong, a head much different from that of Tulpiuss he defcribech this Worm cum collo fenfim anguftiore, € rotundiore i minu- tiffimum capitulum atrum, 8 verrucofum , trium Pabaveris EDD 777757 apte conjunclorum formam expr (mens 2. defmentem : i| Vid. Fit- 3 cups M gcanem ob raritatem hc addidimus. Indeed I mutt . confefsthae account] had from the women who firft ob. ferved it, and the Patient who voided that orm I mention- €d.to have by me eight yards long, and was given me by my worthy Friend Mr. Houghtonan Apothecary, feemed agreeable to this, tho when I firft faw it 1 could take no- tice ofno (uch thing ; and therefore am apt to think “twas onely fome Thrumbs of the inward coat of the Inteftine, which might ftick to the hooks heres which might make this figure... For in the heads of all | have had yer an op- portunity of feeing ;. | could never obierve any fuch thing. I fhall therefore now deliver my obfervations of the heads of this Worm as { have feen them, in zhree feveral ones I.haye taken out of the bodies of Dogs upon di/fettion 5 and it being fo, makes me to be fomething more at a Cet- tainty 5. where 1. know I havethem whole, And althoall three, did exactly agree; yet there being fome citcum- ftances,which attended the one;tho not the others; yet be- ing very material to our purpofe;I [hall recount them here. And it was ina DogT opened at ourprivate meetings, at the duatomical Theater of the Colledge of Phyhcans, where I obferved this Wormalive in the Zon; norlying ftreight>. «08 Fo. Mi&k. Fels de Hiera. picra feu de AV fyntbio. p. res: nod 0! jii a ! Dat mM (128 ) -. 'but in any places winding; dnd doubling] ^ Having t» ken notice how the Joynt$ were, I. traced it up, ^ by scares . fully opening the Inteftine,to the fmalleft Extream; where I expected the head to be ; and which didly towards the Duodenum 5 whereas the broader end was downward to- wards the ARecum ; and this broad end wasfree, and did ‘nothing adhere ;" whereas that fmaller excream, did fo firmly ftick,and had faften’d it felf to the inward coat of the Inteftine, that it was not without fome trouble, by gent- ly raifing it with my Nail,that! freed it from ivs adhefton. Having lifted itup, Tcarefully viewed it; and did obferve “neither that Biceps in Tulprus's firft figure, nor the head like a T ricoccos asin Mech Fehr, but a very flender body ; which being alive, it wouldfometimes fhoot out a confiderable length; at others retract it'in again, and fo very much. alter iv’s figure, by becoming ‘dreader. ' But wliülft I was doing this, by its wrigling it's body, it happening tofall off my finger ; it prefently took hold again; and gave me as much trouble to freeita fecond time from it’s adhefion, ‘as at the firft.. Other obfervationsT then made of it’s mo- tion, amd of the two fingle foynts "which were broken ‘off, which I hall mention in my /2/£ particular? ‘as alfo'of chofe Orifices àt the fides, "which 1 fhall diteoürfe ofin my nexe;, and for the prefent I put it into Spirit of Wine, that- I might more carefully view it with a ZMicrofeope at’ home. ‘And in doing this, making ufe of fomeextraordinary’ good ones itvery plainly appeared asi feprefentedin my: k^ Figure, thick befet'with two otdérs Of sjikei or looks, whereof the larger did arife from the Center or Middle, {preading themfelvs over the edges of che circumference; the cther which were leffer iflüinp out about ‘thé middle from the Center; and were fhortér, as isfeenin this Fegure, and are reprefented ‘fideways in ‘the twelfth: p could not upon my ftri&eft Enquiry’ and with extraordinary Glaffes too; inform my felf of any Orzfice heres. -which-we--may fup- pofe to be the mouth; onely»a little indenting:there.was; : in 1 ( 129 ) in the Center. occafion'd by. the iffuing out of the Spzkes thence. This end was not perfectly flat, buta little glo- bous, and I could perceive by the {welling a little below on the neck, and wrinkling of the Skin, as in the Zzgzre; how it did fhoot out, and contract it’s neck, as T obferved it when alive: For fome little fpace here, I could not ob- ferve with the glafles any Joynts at all; butafter, very thick fet, and fmall, and gradually increafing in length, as they defcended towards the Tag. — — The Aeads of the other two Worms exactly appeated the fame in the Mifcrofcope, as this defcribed. And after- wards by carefully viewing them by my nakedeye, Icould - obferve thefe bazs or Spikes. What therefore Tudpzus - faith in his firft Obfervation ofthis Worm, of the head that was entire and not broken (andIam pretty confidence was the onely one it had)that it was cerca aptcem [umme villo- fum, attamén fiue ullo oris hiatu, is true enough. And that. paffagein Spigelius, who having given the difterent opinions of others concerning the ead of this Worm, adds, 2 multi vero creditur caputeffe exisuum cum paucis, quibu[dam pedibus more aranearum, ‘mutt be underftood of the Spikes». we have defcribed; and wil! hold good; tho it feems not much re- garded by him. í DAL DOA venipmvas It was objected by fome ingenious perfons, ^ whohad been acquainted with what! obferved concerning this head, whether thefe: Spekes, ov bars might not belike the fmall feet ofthe Tzc& or Aocimus for it’s taftening it felfthe bet- ter to help irs fuction. And indeed wereit d/ooditlived - upon, thecafe were plain; butfince tis Chyle what fetvice they could doit in this,Ido not fee;for when they fáften,che head is deep immerged in the inward Coat of the Inteltine 5 — - and fo may be thought for that time, to get bur a very inconfiderable foop, if any 3 and nothing in proportion to whatis requifite for fo vaft a long body 5 and what itis often obferved to be turgid with... Upon the whole, what feems moft agreeable to me, and.to be the true v/e of this aln : pare | ( 130 ) | part we call the ead is this:; that by the means of thefe- books, and Spikes it might faften it felf. and. fo prevent. it’s too eafy ejetlion out of the body... For it being fo very long,and large too» and it’s body in many places winding, . and convoluted, the defcent of the feces upon all occafions. would be apt to carry. ic our with thems had it notthis hold. which is fo faft, that. rather thanloofenic felf, parts. of the body are fooner broken off, which we frequently fee in the ftool. When itpenetrates the coat of the Inteftine - it contraéts it's hooks in, and draws upir's head toa. point 5 then expands them. and takes firm hold of the Membrane; by darting it’s feveral powards into it 5. which excites thofe . intolerable pans, which thofe that are troubled with them, fo much. complain. off; thar I have known it tothat ex-- tremity, that fome have been fcarce diffwaded from offer- ing violence to themfelvs, to free themfelves, as they: thought, from.a great mifery, and hence it isthat this . Worm is of fo difficult e cure; that tho by Medicines, and: Purges, vaft quantities at times may be brought away; yet fome can hardly get a perfect cure all their life time ; as I. know of one who for above twenty years has been. afflicted with it ; that has had the advice of feveral able.and eminent Phyficians. And indeed all, who have wrote of this Worm; . do make rhe fame Prognoftick of it; that the Story of FIzpys - Rheginus in * Alanis notinfignificant, where he tells us ; . that a Woman being. troubled with this orm, and the molt fkilful. Phyficians defpairing of helping hers. fhe went zt laft for a cure to the Temple of /£fculapzus at Epedaurus 5. but the God being abfent, his Servants there advifedher to . fit in the place, where-he ufed to do his Cures 5 and then | cutting off her head, one of them thruiting his hand into . berbelly; pulled out a huge Worm, and then; endeavour. edito place her head on agains but could not ;. but the God: by this time being returned, he feverely check't them,, for. k e£lian Hift Animal, L, 9.0 14 EH rafhly. (131 ] "fafhly "attempting what zfrz nor Human power wes able to do; and having fet it on himfelf, he difmiftthe woman perfectly cured: But fince in this ead we find no mouth ; we muft feek it fomewhere elfe, and£ come now to dif- courfe of it, which is my fixth Particular, | ^Iam very fenfible with how great difficulty my prefent thonghts concerning this will be received; how obvious — to all ‘ewill be toraife objections ; and howliable I am to the cenfure of many of along Magot, in propofing fo many mouths. But before they pafs too fevere a fentence on me ; I would lecthem know, how little ‘obftinate!I am in any Ffypothefs of Philofophy ; how miftruftful of my own eyes where I have reafon to think, that others are ‘quicker fighted. And a notion tho never fo fondly re- ceived at firft yet is as eafily repudiated by me, upon ‘better information. What I here offer if true, others will find it likewife; if not, 1 think my felfaslittleobliged - asany of them, to believeit. But why at prefenti think thofe Orzficer in every Joyntto be (o many mouths, J (bal! now give my Reafons. Jr havealready obferved them to be of éwo forts s that in feveral Worms both from human bodies, as alfoin thofe — of Brute Animals; they are placed much about the middle of the Joynts on the edges moft frequently alternately; ‘in one joyne on the righthand, in the other on the left: Vid. Fig.Yo. fometimes in two, feldom in more on thefame fides they are protuberant fomething like a “ Papella and in the mid- dle a foramen eafily enough to be perceived by the naked eye, and will readily admita Hogs bri(tle, In the other fort, thefe protuberances are placed about the middle of the flat of che Worm, towards the upper part of the foynt; . and feem to be reprefented by .Spzgelius, Sennertus, and Tulpms in their figures of this Worm; tho with fome mi- ftakess and is that, which uthors mean by their macule sugricantes in their defcriptions of it. ^ Olaus Borrichius EE Bartholin. Acta Med. vol. 2. Obs. 47° S 5 : ob fe i ved (132) — obferved here fométimes three, fothetimes more; on nunquam eadem fexangula, - d^ tT 34f entynd ! | At prefent I fhall chiefly infift upon the former fort. which has occurred moft commonly to me: And a fhort black dime here, placed tranfverfe to the body, I think. . wasthe firft that gave me noticeof thems Tho: fince in o- thers, I have not fo conftandy feen it ; buc onely a pro- tuberant Orifice about the middle of the edges of the Foynts, - — 'Thefe protuberances by » Franci[cus Sanchez in the || figure of that part of this Worms 16 foot long, which he gives us, are plainly reprefented ; but hedoes not defcribe them or take any notice of the Offza; or Foraminain them. . But that they arefo many mouths, 1 fhallargue, Firft, from the great quantity of Chyle they are often turgid with. Se-- condly, from the great Appetite, but more often T/ur/t, but almoft always that Jmatiation which they "occafion. Thirdly, that there is no other mouth befides obferved. Fourthly, thatno zer can fo fitly be affigned to thefe 0- rifites as their being mouths. | As to the //7//, none, who haveobferved them, but muft confefs that they are often very turgid ; as that 1 have by me eight yardslong, atfirft did very plainly appear 5 and having put it into Spirit of Wine , 1 found atter a little || Vid. Fig. 63 while it had muddied it, by (pewing out a large quantity - ofa Chylous juice; which made a deep fediment at the bottom: as likewife it did afecond time, having changed the old, and put it in frefh Spirits.. Whence all this fhould iffue ; I cannot fee, but by thefé Orefices at the fides 5. which firft 1 fuppofed had received, and licked it in. And being in fo large a quantity how otherwife could it be well re- ceived into the bodys but by thefe many mouths. which. being always open, and lying of allfides too, do greedily exhauft, and devour the beft part of the Chy/e, and nutritious — —— m Fr. Santhez de morbis interqis; 1, 3. c. 038 ES PCIE ; ) aliment. CQuB . aliment; ‘That hence may be well accounted for,that fppez — iur Caninus, that great Fon): shac Atropbyl mention in fiy fecond particular, and ate often obferved in thofe: ‘thae are afflided with this Worm. Indeed. = .Spegehus thinks this Boulimy, and Atrophy are occafioned notfo much by the Worms devouring the Chy/e, as 1.Corrupting it. 2.Hin- dring it’s. diftribucion by ‘occluding the Meferaick veins, 3. By it’s creating a falfe fenfe by the motion in the Guts, All which reafons do. nothing move me. And » Galen is exprefs that itis by devouring the’ '‘Nourifhment, and fo is » Aetius, and twenty more, thac E could name. © But "had they but. one zeutbhiow could they do this ^ ' But ha- ving as many, it may beasthe Laétea/s themfelvs »^ ‘tis no - wonder that they rob them, and by their nimble füpping it up. prévent it’s pafling into them. ‘That thence we muft neceffarily expect an extenuation of ezr own bodies in proportion to the increafe of theirs ; fince the noutifh- ment we receive is burt what: they leave us 5 and that too. none of the beft 5 and corrupredlikewife with their recre- ments. 3. Largue that théfe Orifices are fo many mouths « for if we do not admit them to be fuch, I know nor where in the whole body to find them befides, | For inthat pare we call the head, even our Mucrofcopes; as Lhave obferved,' cannot difcover anys and thofe too, that guefled it to be there ; they all acknowledged it tobe very f/mall, and it . being fo, and but fugle too; I cannot fee, how it can —A take in fo great a quantity of Chy/e,which-would be neceffa- ry for maintaining fo great a body of fo great alength : For it canonly lick up no more, than what juft comes in i's way 5 that the open mouths of he numerous Lacteals, would be too hard for ir; and quickly ftarveit. Befides fince it nuzles its bead fo-deep in the Coats of theInteftines; 1 De Lumbrico lato ¢. s. p. So. o Gal. lib. de Theriaca ad Pifoattn, Li det, lib, 9, C». A0, | (134 ) acthat. ome at leaftit-may -be thonght incapable of getting "fcatceany thingatall :--But the efe Ihave affigned that part iam apt to think will (ausfy others, as well as at prefent 5St.does my. felf, « Therefore. 4. Why. I think thofe 07z- dices mouths iss; becauíe-L cannot think what they are be- fides; - Rot. to take them for fo many Vents of their excre- ment, would bemore- unreafonable;;.: fince “tis pure Ghyle, which they: receive s. which willinotaford much, at leaft “fo. grofs an excrement, as to need fo many, and large 0- rayeces fot the voiding it... And why fomany Aaws’s, when but; one sud ¢>Tis, eafier to imagin chem Bronchie «or Lungssi which in Jnfetis are oblenvedinall, the Ananuli, or Joynts of: the bedy i bütwithal 1 muft obfervey with how much differentefrom: our. fubjeCt......For-in- them, you fhall conftantly, fee thefe-Qrifzces. of both fides in each Annulus ;; but in: our. Worm never but. ofone (ide::-*In thofe, they are, nopneat fo- opens and. large, as in this Worin, even fo-much, that: ol cannot, fee» how it can be avoided, ‘bur thatthe Chyle mult flip into them 5 -and fo fpoil them for being Lungs, .. : | ir Suk And indeed whatufe can we imagin of fuch here, which muft almoft conftantly. beoccluded.cither-by filth or Chyle. If I mifremember not, by prefling them, gendy .with.my, fingers when frefh. and turgid, ‘Lobferved Chyle to iffue out of them. «3. Philip. Salmuthus feems to hint fo much where he. tells us/acfez quid emifif]e obfervavit, and * Olaus Borrichius obferved: them: femper-Aiquore crafftufculo plena, fo. - that. that chylous Sedimentin the Spirit of Wine I had im- merged theminto, came hence, I think I have little reaf- on to doubt, 7 id. i | Upon the whole, what 1 have hereoffered, Ithink is fufficient to render my conjecture probable. And yet I have more reafon to add why thefe Orzf;ces fhould.be q Salmutb, Cent. ye Obf. 95. t Apud Bartholin. Acta Med, vol. 2 Cbf. 47. mouths (1357 mouths.s becaufe the Joynts: when broken off. yet ftill do- . lives and thattoo, asmay be thought for fome confideras - ble times which they:could. not, unlefs they had mouths in each s: which might receive the aliment. for the. fupporr ofit..- Which: brings meto the/aff particular, I propofed for the difcriminating this Worm, from: all others ont of - the body; and (hall: now: dilcourfe. of. But fince it, has. been fo ftifly maintained by. 4uthors-of great note both. modern aswell as the: Anteents s chat the Worm it felf fcarce - lives ; buts onely'a $polzen oF che Inteftine, or at leaft ic is: not one but many. Wormsy incl uded inthat Membranes. I thall: confider how: unlikely :alifuch.Opinionsare, and wide of the trüth » and then delivermy own Obfervati- - ens ofibil vO-r bhs avoir aser 150i .vbod | o£ Alippocrates; or who-fo was the Author: of that Book, . amoneft his Works; otellsius chat this Worms ónióymep tv75- peEdapaanvxv quali album ramentum: Tnte[linorum.:.. And Aer tius; and. Paulus /Egineta -avé exprefs that "tis onely the - inward Coat of the Inteftine turned» and:changed into the - figure of an Animals and many more are.of. the fame.O- pinion not worth mentioning ». it feeming fo abíürd, as - Mercurialis: obferves..- He: rather thinks it to be the Mucus, which lines the infides of the Inteftines; and de- - fends them from any afperities of che fecés. .- And abun. dance there are of thisopinion.. Bur "raaefeus Falleriola - -feems -the cmoft'of any; toplay the Philofopher : -and la-. -bours to fhew; how this Pztiz of the Guts, ' may be form- ed. into: a! Membrane 5; and then endeavours to account : for (fed Dis invitis) how. thefe Incifures; or jointings of - the body, mighthappen likewife. »-Felx Platerus is very pofitive; that they are nocZmmals'at all's that they have Amo motion; Sed ex und tantuim crafíá, albas mucofà membra- í f Hipp. l. 4. de morbis, -— t-Meresrial.de moch.pueror. lb. 3. e 74 v Valleriol, obs. Med, l. 1.005. Gu x Plater. ops. lib. 3. p. Sate 5 MEA ed conftantess and that they are Zzgule, fafcieve membrana: €ée ex Cbylogenite. Butthofemany Phyfitians, who have | obferved it to ove, and therefore to be an Animal, and alives do eafily confute him, as." Gabucinus mentions one voided by a Childtwo years, and four months.old ; that being put-into water lived almofta day. | And a re- markable inftance E had of its) int» that I. met with Upon 174. Fig. 3) diffection ‘of a Dog in the Theater of our Colledge i where feveral of the Members were prefent.: ‘I thall therefore mention what particularly T obferved of it ; and. the: man- nerhow: it: didsperform irs which was very pleafing; and in-di£ferent-forms.: >For tho-all was: performed: by con- traGing, and fhortning the Foynts 5; yet foinetimes it ren- dered the body that wasflat, round, and a Gylinder; o. ther times it made a deep hollow: or/concave; on one fide, and a^Convex'on the others >but mofttimes there was a bellying outacthe edges; aboutthe middle of theJoynts 5 and thothat“pate towardsthe bead was very (lender ; yet upon Contraction it. would become. as broad as the laft Toynts. -Thisocontraction of the Joynts: 1 fometimes ob- "ferved, «at feveral: places at thefame time; at.fome diftance from ene another s! which muft needs much advantage it's progreffive motion :: fince being;of fo) great a Zength, cther- wife it could make. but {mall advances. whichis perhaps - 1equifite; that it might recover it :felf, when thedefcent. ot the Fecescdo drive it downwards: And fortheadvan-: tage too of it's niorion $ at every Joyncethere:is a: promi- ‘menceofthe former, overitheslaters: which likefo many - Scales onthe belly of other: Kepizles do perform the ufe of But: find that thofe:whocadmit this Worm tobealive, have feveral of them. very: different thoughts. of it's and . many there are, who do affert; that ‘tis not one, but y Gabuc, Comment, de Luinbricis, ce 13. (137.3 many Worms, linked-together. . Thus + Avtonius Beni- ventus. gives. an Hiftory of a Woman. who upon drinking the Bath-waters of Avignion, voided feveral Vermes Cucur- bitinos, quiitatnter fefe (dum fc. alter alteri mordicus inhares ret) jungebantur, ut cumfuaipft [erie quatuor C ubitorum longis. tudinem excederent, unum tantum Corpus» unum; dnntaxat J| wermem putares. So.* Aldrovandus. judges it: ex ! multis, fi longus fuerit, vermibus, Semini Cucurbita fimilibus, {ibique envitem ar&lé coadunatis, conftitu. — 4raoldus » Villanoua- nus mentions that it was.the opinion offome, quod iff Cu- curbitint generantur. in ventre :cuju[dam maximi Lumbricz, qui aliquando emittitur longior. uno, vel. duobus brachys. And Morardes tells us how thatin a large Worm were obfery.. ed abundance of thefe Cucurbitem. | And this « Hieron. Ca- bucinus delivers as his opinion, where he tells us, egoverd nil aliud latum. Lumbricum. effe exifiimo, quam, ut inquit. Hip. pocrs abra[ionem veluti. Inte[linorum. albam. tota complettentem inteftina, intra quam Cucurbite [emini fimiles. animantes pio- creantur, 8 quidem vitam fenfilem viventes. And a litle after he adds, /¢ quis vero totam illam abr aftonem antmatum viderit, {ctat non abraftonem illam, id eft latum vocatum Lum- bricum, fed Cucumeris fimiles Anunantes intra ipfum vivere 5 He all along denies the Lumbricus Latus 1.e. that S»oltum of the Inteftines, as hecalls it» to be an Zfzmal ; but that " ir receives all ií's fenfe, and motion from thofe Cucurbitzn; included in it. Thishe very plainly, as he tells us, dif- - - coveredin a part of this Worm. fhewed him by a perfon, that voided ir. His Words becaufe the Book is not very common. I fhallmenticn. ec autem portio (efe commove- bat, quof attum eft, ut avidius motus ipfius caufam vefligarem ; diligenteffume tandem perquareng per ejus totam cavitatem Cucu. | Gx) Beniv. Evempl. Med. obferv. 87- aM, 277, (a ) Vlyffs. Aldrovand. de IafeLis lib, 6. p- m. 65x. (g) Arnold. Villanov. Brev, lib. 2. cap. 21. p. m. 1129. fe) Galuc. de Lumbr, alvim occupant ib Coonent, e. 3. p. m. 34. nn | E meris (£48) seris fimilium Animalium feriem: fefe moventiim, ipf motum preftare cdifpext: qiue Ex th veluti ex quaddm lettulo’ prodibant, zutérdum unum, duo fmul intérdam complicata, plerüngs quatuor à protuberance of the lower Extreme of the foregoing joynt, over the upper part of the following ; which} plainly perceived in this Worm. If only a Membrane, why- conftantly,and thus regularly a difference of both extremes, as te their /ength and breadth ?' How happen the books at the head? Howare tholeorifices formed at the Edgesjor on the | Flat of the Worm ¢ And if it was fo, as Gabuctnus imagi- ned , Tcannor think ‘bur I mult have perceived fomething of it, in rhofé feveral ‘peices of this orm, which I have obferved : and efpecially in chat eight Yards long, where 1 opened feveraljoynts , and. could: find no fuch thing. That Mucous matrer therefore ,whichis obferved to be voided, by thofe, troubled wichthem ; which hetell usthe women there, take for the beds of this Worm.may be bet- ter accounted for ; it being likely ina great meafure to be but the Mucus of the Inteftines themfelves. or a flimy 5/o- hum caft off from thefe Worms. Thus Leeches1 have ob- ferved being put into water,docaft out a (lime; which co-- - vers | (5389; 7 | Vers their.body's ,. which afterwards they flip off) and is found.in the botcome. cf the Glafs inthe form of. à mucous Coat. So Earth-Worms do void a large quantity of a mu- cous liquor, at feveral parts of rheit body 5; fo Sales, &c. of which more in my Anatomy of thofe Animals, Upon che whole, 1 fee, nothing why. wemay novjuftly afcribechat hfe. we find here, to. the Lumbricus Latus it felf-» and not to any. .4Ammals,. we may fancy irpregnant with. And what I do give to the Whole, 1 muft attribute likewife ro the feveral parts of it, even whenfeparated from the reft of the body ; and can't but think that they do live like- wife.. Nor that I think thofe Cucurbizene, are to be reck- oned as the partus of the Latus; which that paflage. in * Ariftotle {eems to. intimate, where he tells us that ic does dmorixqey Soy eindeautppa , aliquid fimile femimi Cucurbite part. Por *, Hippocrates denyes this of the Latus, tho he does allow ittothe Teretess where he faith j'ai seey- ware cintecw, ct 3 mela ee T1. Neither likewife are they to be thought a. fourth Species of Wormis; as many would haveit. . nhe sd.oi mde side! enongo2o : . But they are onely thejoyats ox preces broken off from the Latus, and when they. are voided inthe:Srogis, are a furefignofa Joynted Worm. And,theewre muft accord- ingly be adapted. But that all thefe fingle Joyars whilft inthe body do Zve, befides thofe confiderations [have al- ready delivered to. prove that in every.joynt there is amouth -for receiving the food; and no doubt anfwerable Organs for the digeftion, and.diftriburion.ofit ; fo I am the farther induced to believe it; becaufe it has been often obferved by my felf, and others; that both fingle. Joynis, and of- tener larger pieces have been voided alive; and where | Vaft quantities of this, Worm too have been voided at the fame time; in abundance of pieces» I have obferved them 7d Arif. bile Anim. lib, s. c. 19. Clipe. boa. de morbis.) 0 c UTRO m almoít | almoft equally türgid; and alike filled with Chyle in pro? . portion to the ‘magnitude of the parts. ^ Now I cannot think that in voiding it can always be broken into fo ma- ny pieces; and if it be done fomerime before, and they le dead in the body; they muftbe emacerated; ‘and dit- ferent from what théy appear. But that obfervation, T have already often mentioned of thar Worm, ] met with in the Dog, 1 diffe&ted in the Colledge Theater; does für- nith me with fomething appofice to our purpofe: For here about the middle of the Worm, asitlay in the Inteftine about a foot and a^ half from the Tayles or lower Exe tream, 1 obferved two fingleFoynts, about of an Inch long; alive, and which ‘continued their motion brifkly for $ of an hour, ormorein warm water.. That thefe were broken off from the Tayle I nothing queftion ; being in‘all refpects-fo like them." And that it muft be done fometime before, ^1 am apt: to think, becaufe they were - fo remote from it. For they couldnototherwife eafily, being but fingle Joynts, make fo great an advance, being upon all occafions liablerather to be driven down , not being ableasI could obferve any ways to faften themfe]vs, and fo refift the force of the defcending ater. Which is the-reafon when broken oif, they are fo frequently void- ed. — xil add dis 3201.3 &bs ad Upon the whole-1 have been fometimes aptto think, — . "what Analogy there may be between this foynted Worm, and knotted. Plants; of which each Joyntcan fo eafily propa- gate its felfs And whether it may not be thought an 7z;-. mal. Plant- Animal or Zoophyton bred in’ Animal bodies , (ince. fo large , and frequent derruncations ot the -body; odoes nor deftroy the life of the whole?? Which I think > can {carce be inftanced inany Antmálbefides 0^0 77 Bat my defiga Here, s notrheralfing of any FIypotbe/rs, our the enquiring into the truth of thofe of others. 1t being much eafiertofpy others faults, then to. avoid. them - onrfelvs, In what I have faid Thaveiidone-she former 5 | F1 | ! bug: (141) es — but can no waysfecure my felfas tothe latter. But in the whole, ifl havenot hitthe mark; I have fairly aimed for it. and it may befomehelp. anddirection to, others in - profecution of this'fubject; And what I have laid down " ithink I have made out». how different thes fort of Worms bredin Animal body's, is fromralfothbers hitherto obferved out of its from whence or any Seminal matter of it; itmay be fuppofed to be propogated. — And how. ftrange foever what I have here related of the beadsofthe many mouthssof the great Jeagthsand other parti- . &ulars of thisWorm may feem to othersswho will be prefent- ly apt to cenfure it. as Romance;and Fable;l fhall onely add. that Saying of : Pliny, Mili contuenti fe per(ualtt Rerum Na. Gur&, nihilencredibile exiflimare de ea. — ig ce The Anatomy of the Lumbricus Teres or Round Worm will be given in a following Tranfaction by the fame pieumedPedon MEN | OS WO IER af E f: Pliá. lib, I I Ce 25: Ada 1 , vn 7 in zn m. HEL ovat THE. EXPLANA ATIC ION ins Q EAE us Wor, or tae part of a Worm, is: ud ed by a young man in London, which was eight yards long, which I ftill keep by me. The leffer extreme, is that part towards the the Yead; the broader, the Tail. The Protuberances about the middle of the edges of the Joynis, ate the Orifices I take for Mouths. “re G URE Il. Repreteneg"t that Worm Y took out of a Dog I diffected in the Colledge Theater, which was about. 5 foot long; | and was alive. The /mall End fhews the bead; asitap- peared then tothe naked Eye s and is reprefenced magni- fied by the Mecrofcopein the 11, and 12 Figures. The Pro- tuberances at the fides, are the Mouths. The broad End, | the Tayle, as in the firft Figure. Figure 2, 4, 5, reprefents the figures of the Head of this _ Worm; which are given us by Nich. Tupiut ; and Jo. Mich. Fehr. | F IG. C143.) “FIGURE IH. | Reprefents the two Heads, which Tulpius in the former . Edition of his obfervations, gave to this Worm, where he . makes ita Biceps. 4090999 eM 903. Vd D3v9iv FIGURE IV. Ts the Picture of the Head of this Worm which Tulpius : gives us in the latter Edition of his Book of Ob/ervations.. ; FIGURES. Shews the Head of this Worm, as tis delineated by Jo: _ Mich. Febr. which appears like a Tricaccos, U FIGURE VIO - (This Fegere Imet with in Frane. Sanchez which tho rude . and plain, yet very well reprefents thofe orifices which I take for the feveral Mouths of this Worm. ipheuon The Fegures 7 and 8 are thofe of Adrian Spigehus, and Gul. Fabricius Hildanus ; where the Mouths feem to be placed on the flat, not inthe Edges ofthe Worm, I have obferved them fo in fome, but thofe by me, being dry and fonot fit for an accurate draught, for the prefent Ehave made ufe of thefe. | FIGURE VII. . A piece of this Worm as delineated by Spigeliur. | FIGURE VII — Apart of the fame Worm as tis Pictured by Fabricius Hil- anus, Jy RES i | pA E Is ( 144 ) FIGURE IX. .dis:the, Figure of this. Worm in Cornel. Gemma. . - The following, Figures reprefent parts. of i ian as Viewed by the Macrofcope. | : “FIGURE X. Reprelents the Protuberance or Papilla abont the middle ef the Edges; and in atthe orifice 4 which 1 take for the Mouth ofthis Worm. | FIG URE xL ^ ds the Head of this Worm as it appeared in the Me ‘copes in three feveral ones Ltook out of thebody; upon aif-_ - fection, wherein is obfervable, a double order of Spikes or Hooks; the longer arifing. from. the Centers the other . more towards the edges, which at pleafure it can contract in, or protrude, and with them, part of the. Neck too; as does appear by fwelling out a little below, as it is. very-cu rioufly deliniated; as likewife the other figures; by my moft ingenious Friend and accomplith’ t Gent Rich, Waller quie. FIGVRE XII, “Isa fide profpedti of the Head ant the Hokgin in it; sf the Tisi: Worm. | O BSER- yu .90125). . — 0-88 EfFRU 41-10 NES “ECLIPSIS LUNE Diez H | Februar. pof Meridiem. «+ * oo * ^ LI TIAS qM CLE 4 o0 (3 | sat ue | Hafn. . —— —Ártáà E In Obfervatorio In Collegio - 5 ed SU. 1 Regio. JUN. Clavombntano, | |. d. sorum fa- D as j : : qu X | ADS. Gaffino | A.D. D; Pi- | AR. P. de eios £ h [s Dela Hire | — ervarioni- P. 2 bus fevialium ‘a reperta a D. Picard. a Prom : Emi e TIND "Ltriflarcbus médius ———— . Medium Coperaici e i. umi Initium Tycbonis ———— ———— Finis Zycbogis "Initium Platoais « Centrum Line ———— | "Centrum ex Pl Initii .& Finis Manilius medius ' ————— - Meuelaus ——-———— —— > Diony fius , Promontorium acutum e—— ——— -————. “Thitium Cafpia Finis Calpie. (Land penitus immer(as —— | .. Initium Emerf. rima iz ier & Galiez Ari fiacchus-medius Medjum Platonis Medium Copernici ——_— ———— —~ | | | | Medium Tychonis — | e—-a— — | Di WA, Ete SS : federe noa : rane) eres H : ho xA i es * a) ty ! ] QE SE, 12 A Ay Renae shi Genttum Lure - | Centrum ex ofa parettone Emexf. Limborum | j Manilizs medius — ——— —— (^! dier medius ————— + | iony[fus - ce Lco S TOES val Sn, NIN ! EB mr acütume»-—-——— —————— | Initium EU Finis Cafpie M des] Tormgvinsas A cur g | | dt ws i E 4, | y 3 Ech HC C C146) ECL IPs I$ L ORM E "T átális: & cüm mora, Anno 1682, die zr& 22 Feb; vef vefp.Gc mane ff.n. I OBSERVATA CED ANID ~ NERO noA BI EIE 0.30 Tempus fec, | Ordo. Digit | Altitudines Per quat Maculas tranfiverint umbra. SWlino:, | TeMpus Ex. — borot. ambul.|Pbagas Echpt- | —Stellargm. T - erquein[uper nvtata fuerint - aliit. Correct, | ls DESC. E Bs sooo | 9 41 E ealilicii 39 $3' 8 40 46) 8 44 B Palilicii 39 29 8 44 20 8 43 14 jPalilici#: 39 .o 9 47 59.) 10 8 28 "|Initium qmm: dilution : 10 9 oj 10 12 50 Penumbra denfior — . - |10 13 20) IO. I9 : Pénumbraadhuc craffior 2 10 19 36] IO 23 50 Penumbra cenefinns | 10 we 24 IO .24 3c faicium Eclipfeos circa I So? Iimbiin 95°.10. 25. fc. à pun&o fuper. Iinez perpendicularis $ 5 Nonagefimi ortum verfus contigit. J 1029 4s} !- .. |Incedebat per M. Germanicianum , ad'te 30° je ] | -. | Mare Syrti¢um & Montem eAcabe | | 10 52 13| 2 E Per M. ‘Porphyriten, loca Paludofa Tai Lo a2 T Cercime, Sinum. Syrticum, per te ; : A ww Sacrum & M. Cafium 5 10.36. 30} 3- | [Ad M. Baronium, Ynf. e/rbufam pet me-ro 37 Ic he: '" [dium Sinum. Syrbonis & M. Pharan i M 10 43 25| 4 |Per Sinum Apollinis , M. e"]Etpam, Iis. IO. 44. IC | Zetoam, ad Inf. Didymam. Jace [ 10 47 25] S |4idig. Ad Inf. Majorcam, Uulcanam, Lemnos, IO 48 1 Carpathos & M. Horeb ; B! 10:52 20| 6 Ad Lacrum Nigrum. majorem , ‘per Miro T 1 ! Argentarium, Sipylum, Maficytums Tae 1 ; bor, Sinai, & defertum Raphidims - 10 55.45| 7: Perícopulos hyperboreos, Inf, Besby.ito 56 cam, M. Olympum, Dian & Me Ava| ; dilibasum Ii | 0'33| 8*'|7 Ad Inf. Cyaseam,M. j Menta Mi T I Er & Montes C aibacaranos. ( 147.) 5 pi| altitudines | Per quas Maculas tranfueviat umbra Setiones, | Stellarum Q* que infuper notata fuevint | Tempus fec. Ordo. | Di Tempus | boral; ambul, | Phafit pui ex altet. corrcéb, ae yip [XL 4:1 3¢ Per M. Ambonumad Inf. Apolloniam , &lc1 5 30 : Sinum Athenenfem, per M. Mofchum,| ro | ML xit, & Coibac aranos | 11 9 59 Per Lacum Hyperboreum fuperiorem, Paltz 10 $5 ludem Byces, per Montem Hereulis, &| Sinum extremum Pont: : 11113 30 n ; : Per Lacum Hyperboreum infertorem 11 14 27 Wee eins : | M. Cimmerium, & ad Sinum inferiorem; ot: TES Maris (fpi; | 2 31 16 3c] 15. [iozfe {Per M, Riphaos, Pal. Maotzdem, lníivg 14 15 I " oo] Alopeciam, ad Inf. majorem (efpi pe]. —— I | M. Nerofum i AI 19- icl 13 b E | ere \Ad Ripam Paludis AZzotiais & Mont.ry 20. IO ET C een ; ; Hippocs ! | 11.22 € . . JPer M. Alawaum, & Lacum Occident|:1 23 © | | minorem — | \Toralis Obfcuratio circa 297° limbi intr. 27 3o 1.949 fc. à puncto fuper. linex perpendi- s.s | eularis Nonagefimi ortum verfus depre. Altitudo | henfa II 3$ 36 Pollucis 52? xs! II 37. 4 Ul 37 35 | dqPollucis $2 0 II 38 42 It 38 5c Pollucis sr 41 . iL 29 35 —— | €— —— — ——— - = | 32 $8 20) die 2a|Febms e . .... ]Recuperatio luminis circa z18? limbiinr o — $ 85? fc. à punéto fuperiori linez perpen | dicularis Nonagefimi occafum verfud: extitit, x Ad M. Alabaffrinam, M. Pentadatlylum, 2 IB ioc 0d TE | | .| M. Audam, & Pal. Afareotidem | 13 3:35 16 | '$ |. ^ ^ [Pet M, Porphyritem, ad Mare Syrticum | $ 32 a ve OLED: E Poe | & per M. £oum | sm ES a Per M. Baromum, loca Palucofa,Inf. Cer-|;/ 10 32 2 dos p oU os] ema. inter mare Syziicum & —Lgyptia- cum ad S, Syrbonis, | NE NM | eg (18). rempus fee, V Ordo V Digtt | Altitudiner Per quas Maculas tranfiverine uinbra Schone, empus bx Alm borol, ambul. Phafité Eclipt. | Stellarum € que in [aper notata faerit. | 7 dtt. Correum, - C "n Iper Sinum 4 vllipis, Inf. Taracivian Inf|t; ^ 1 : : Sts Api Syrbonts r es Ad Inf, AZajorcam, per M. E Neptimum, Fachyntum, Inf, Létoa | Didymam & M. Lyn — Ad Inf. Cor fi, icam, per Inf. Visleaniaha- ,& E 234 6. Carpathos, ad mare dias BÉ defer- tee tum Sin | AE Mjt. 18 33 $i» Q if ÍAd M. M. e vgentarium, mare | Pampbilium, | Inf. Oprum per M. Hormimum — Per Mont. Apeaninum , ad. Lacum; Tra- fmenum , ad Miont.Sipy/um per M. inter,| Libanum | Ad M. Carpatbos, per Inf. Besbicam,M. O. | | Lywpum, Didymum & M. Dalangueros | te als —á— P aie Per M. Perce, Byzantium ad M. Homini. | um, & per M. Antitaurum gi “Pet Sinum Circinitem, Inf. AMacram, Inf. i a8 d | Apollomam,medium Montem 440 p^, : | | atque Montes Sogdianos | ! ^ Per Lac. Hyperboreum. inferiorem | Pat: as 43. x | Byces, M. Strobilum,per Sin. extremum]; | |. Ponti ac M, Paropami [fnm b | 27, 9$ dig ] “Tater Pal. Byces & Lacum Cereeordamt-|i- ad Hm L abri. Pye per, M. Herculis & M Vai i in| aL Li enhn a lferiotem - 38 | 10" bat Per M. V idi T. acon, & M: Ne- rofum | ~ Per Pal. Meoiidem , pa minorem marjs|r, | Capit, Montemque Nerofum (upefiorerh ||. : Per M. Alaunam, M. Sanila n; Montefg;|x, . = 54 42 | ‘plas. “4 SRD ML. a | | iar a | I : "—*—r : v Ro $6 12) 12 dig. Finis circa circa 2g4* limbi) in 7 fc. fe dead ale! 59 » | punéto fuperiori linez p perpendifularis R JUGUM | occafum verfus contieit, n [I i un : ( 149:) , Tempus fee | Ordo ix in | ! Altitudines | Per quas - Matulas ivanfueriue unbre Tempus ex alo poral. ambul. | Phafiz ) Ecclipt. Fixarum. Seétiones, C» que in[uper notata fueriat, | tit correctum. rg hd 9 e I $7 !O | Denfiffima Penumbra IE 153 $00. 17 ‘ I — 9 D o peu s oda Obtetvatam = D m (s Tabule Rudolphine bene notabilem hac die Ec//pfz, & qni- V4 denrtotalem cum morá oftenderent, quales exquifite obfervare ... Taroalias contingit ; proinde fumma alacritate ad i//asm ex meà rur- fus, DEI Benienitate, erecta fpecula, attendi ; preprimis cum coe lum omninó fudum extiterit, ut quxvis exoptatiffima hac in parte . mihi pollicerer, Totum igitur diem 2t Febz, impendi, partim ut : horologia ad Sczatericam linee Meridiane applicatum dirigerem, | atque fic omnia parata haberem, qux ad ejus. generis Obfervationes | | requiruntur, - | Ingruente Ec/igff umbra erat valde diluta, limbufq; ejus quafi an- fra&uofus.,.. &. minime .terminatus--,- fic- ut difhiculter-ad modum-ab.......... initio Phafes determinari potuerint, nec accurate diftingui, per quas JMaculai umbra tranfibat, fucceffu tamen temporis crefcente Ec/1p/, diftin&us omnia deprebendebantur. Color abinitio videbatur fa- tis eriftis, obfcurus, & fuliginofus , ac fi Ec/ipfis, eadem ratione, circa maximam obfcurationem, ur illa uno 1642. menf. April. aded fefe se oe fiftere vellet; quo vix confpiceretur 3 fed res plane. aliter ceeliey fiquidem Lava càm jamomnind effet. eclipfara, totus. tamen ejus difcus fatis clare in oculos.incurrebat : color mamq; ejus - CT i 15 : V Sansadbue craffa s $0007 2. 4g 29 E 301 wm i D. Paulo dilution | 0-00 0:5! 2 $ 4g E 10 20| bi | | x Penumbra diluiffima | °>~ |2 13 42 E 12-30 : DIO eEUD T: Finis Penumbra | Sis 09 1 15 39 | BU WES Tee EY Res TTS 1,715 7 HARBOR Eadem Altitudo 38 46 | Nob uiis 2522 8 e m E T IT SB : tumromninoó rubidus five fanguineus,aut tubiginofus erat, qui eoufq; perfeverabat, donec Lua ad medietatem lumen fuum, recuperaffet; atq; cum rurfüs fatisobícura & fuliginofa apparuit ; adeó ut omnium - optime Phafes omnes, per quafnam nimirum ZZaculas umbra. cranfi- erit, annotate fuetines In (ummà, hujus &clipfeos-obfervatio ex vo- to nobis fuccéffir; moi folüm enim Initium & Finem, fed etiam ip- fam momentum -tótalis Obfcurationis, & Recuperationis luminis, cum 30 phafibus (quod raró admodüm contingit) diligentiffimé mihi deprehendere Caelum indulíit. Per quas vero 7Zaculas umbrz fea Cüonesincefferint, tum quid amplius notatu dignum fub tempore E- _ | elipfeasextiterit, ex ipfa obfervatione atq; delineationibus ad oculum "clare patet, non minus ex fubfequenti 7 abella quoulq; Calculm Rn- -dolphinus ab hàc obfervatione, atq; fic ab ipfo Caelo difcedat. a“ « | Ex Galculo | Ex Obfer.| Differentia, vo gn os pfudelplinoT datobe? Yo YS X1 CAECUS AMT end fo Ws nitium Ec/ipfeos, 10 13° 533 | 10 25 s [t1 32 Tardius Toralis Obfcuratio. | II IO IIj!I 27 30117. 19 Tardius Maxima Obfcuratio. | 05 43] o 13 49 | i 6 Tardius Recuperatio lumin. | i1 "5 Do"91 1^7 DM Finis Ec/ipfeas. APD Seley Mora totalis obfcurar. | I 51 i 1-32 38|195 26 Brevior Tota duratio Eclipfeos | 3 44 20| 3 34 12. 1o $8 Brevior | E 1 Or «9 wal ow ox Tardis | 5 C ; | (151) There having been feveral Accounts of this Eclipfe inferted in Two fucceed- inz 1 ranfactions, it may not perhaps be unfit to mention what Mr. Facobs an. - Engli/h Merchant now refiding at Lis- Lon,i.form'd Mr. 7. Flam[leedin a Letter dated fune 15. 1682. ‘That He obferved the beginning of it there at8^3Y' p. m. which gives the difference of Meridi-. . ans betwixt the Obfervatoy at Green- wich, and Lisbon, 41: Minutes of time, or 10° 22 confiderably different from. our Mappsand Sea-Charts. OXFORD; Printedby LEONARD LICHFIELD: Printet- to.the Univerfity, and are to be fold by Hen. Rogers. at the Sign of the Bible inWeftminjter Hall; and. . (0 Sam, Smith ac the Princes- Arms in. —.— St. Pauls Church-yard... Tec ub "jg/835 sions sito gainnig eec d ibis! i 3o«3ds19Ri x oii evi E^ mA 38 NC ne 310 bas cub E. Seek 1o e5 3unu m ansisfib | MU : Pn abl bl: fa 3 prie r Nm hea d dev AS lu SEN ELS we d ES IS i E gia 4 LM ‘ Ne ai! " f 42 (s ; Hes f RU c-— AM [^ T ji T^ M mesh. d 8. Fw . "dr [ 3l 4 Pi 4 é Ad (t "d uus CL ; i "en d » : _ 2 ti Rca n » i z v j gh E Pigs: seit Ce at ie i: . : g^ V Temi A T - PT uy i eg E i BS id 153) | Numb. 147. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. The CONTENTS. 1. LUMBRICUS TERES, or fome Anatomical . Obfervations on the Round Worm bred in human bodies. By Edward Tyfon M. D. Col. Med. Lond. nec non Reg. |. Societ.Soc. 2. remarkable relation ofa Man bitten with . e mad Dog, and dying of the Difeafe called Hy drophobias (ent in a Letter to the Royal Society by the learned Martin Lifter Ef/guzre, Dated from York March 26. 1683. 3. . Af Continuation of a difcour[e about Nifion, with an Examz- . tatton of fome late objections againft 2. By William Briggs M. D. and Fellow of the Colledge of Phyfitians, 4. 42 - - account of the Diffection of a Bitch, mhofe Gornua Uteri ve- tng fill'd with the bones and flefb of a former conceptions bad after afecond conception, the Ova affix t to feveral parts of the Abdomen. By aningenious Phyfitian, a fellow of the Royal Society. 5. Fhe Anatomy of a Monjtrous Pig come . muncated to the RoyalSociety. By an ingeniousStudent am Phylick, zn the Vniverfity of Oxford. An account of two Books. I. FLE TA MINORS the Laws ef Art and Nature, zn knowing, judging, afvaying, fining, re- _fning, and inlarging the bodies of confined Meta\ls, in tme parts ; the Firfé containing. Aflays of Lazarus Erckern chief Prover or Affay-Mafter general of the Empire of Ger- many, 2» Five Books, orzgenally written by Himin theTeu- tonick languages and now traflated into Englifh. The Second containing Effays on Metallick words, as a Dictiona- ry totheWork, By Sr. John Pettus of Suffolk Knight, of _the Society for the Mines Royal. London 1683. 7 Fol. (UX II. Ben- sus ICH) | II. Benjamini 2 Broeckhuyfen Med. ez Phil. Dott, &e. OECONOMIA CORPORIS ANIMALIS, five cogitationes fuccin& de Mente; Corpore, et utri- . ufqueconjunctione, juxta Methodum Philofophie Cer-. tehane, deducte. Amftelodami 1683. 8o. t LUMBRICUS TERE S, orfome Anatomical 05- [ervatzons on the Round Worm bred in human bodies. By. Edward Tyíon M. D,.Col. Med. Lond. nec non. Reg. Societ. Soc. . ! TOT - WAving beenío large in my former inktances in my Di/-. - RR courfe on the Joynted-worm, Y intend to Contract my "7o felfinzbs. . Not that our prefent fubject is fcanty, or does not afford a fufficient plenty of remarkable obfer- . vations 5 But I chofe rather to fele@ what moft fuites. our defign.. For to be exa& and nice in all partzulars, would require a juft Treatife, and exceed the bounds I have at prefent fer my felf. o" I íhall therefore here give rhe Anatomy of the Lumbricus. teres» that common Round Worm which Children ufually are troubled with: and in this more particularly make my remarks upon the Organs of generation in both Sexes ; and herein fhew how vaftly different they are from thofe parts. in the common Earth Worms, andit may be, moft o- . ‘thers. And withall I had defigned, together with this, to have given the Anatomy of the Earth Worm » ‘but fince have altered my intentions :. and at prefent fhall refer. . to the account given of it by the famous Dr. ls refer- vingmy farther obfervations of it toanother opportunity. — This fort of Worm by Hoppocrates is named ces yva@ 5 by | Gelfus., teres; and is ufüally about a foot long, or fome- _ thing more> or lefss bur I have hitherto obferved that | the Male is generally leffer than the Female ; fo that by. » ^ their eC Bags) their dzgve? in the fame body 1 have before difechon been ‘able to diftinguilh the Sex. They are about the bignefs ofa Wheat ftraw, or a Goofe quils their colour White ; but being fudyjects fo generally. known to all, I (hall £or- bear a further defcription of their outward parts 5 Onely as I remember I did nor obferve thofe feet, or afperities on the Annult, as in the Earth Worm. | At both extremes they - grow narrow. Their mouth is compos'd of three Lips as in our figure. So the Leech hath three Cartilaeinous | Teeth fet in a triangle, by which they make the wound inthe SkininSuction. The zur isa tranfverfe (lita little . :beforethe extreme pointofthe TaZ. : . — In opening the body I found I cut thorow à large Mujcle under the Skin: Which Mufclein Earth Worms I find is fperals as ina good meafure is their motzon likewife ; fo that by this means, like theWorm of anamger, they can the better bere their paflage into the Earth. Their reptile motion alfo may be explained by a Wire wound on a Cylinder; which when flip't off, andone end extended and held faft, will bring the other nearer it. So the Earzh Worm having fhot out or extended ivs body, (whichis witha wreathing) ir takes hold by thofe fmall fee£ ic hath, and fo contracts the hinder part of it’s body, —— — Likewife I obferved that dividing this part there iffued out a copious JcPer s whichis naturally difcharged by fome Pores or {mall Vents in the Skin; which inthe Earth Worm is of greatufe, by rendering the furface of the body flippery» that fo it might the eafierly glideinto the Earth. And inthefe other Worms of the /nteflines this humor (as in Leeches) makes a covering tothe body, which is often . €aftoff, and obferved asa Mucus, in the Stools of thofe troubled with them. | | j: - Inthefe Teretes of Animal bodies Y never obferved thofe tranfverfe Dzaphragms which are fo numerous in Earth Worms, and do interfeét or rather fo deeply deprefs the Jnteftine. But the Cavity chiefly feems to be fill’d vin on t uit x 2 the / mr C 156 ) the genital parts, which Ifhall now defcribe: Onely (hai firft remark that the paffage fromthe mouth was fome what ftraightned for a fhort fpace, and was diftinguifhed, as in our figure, from the following Ductus ; which was a. ftrait - Jute[line continued to the end of the body, withoutany Exi or other diftin&ion ofa Stomack that | could ob- erve. Ex ." Asto the Genital parts of the Male I could here obferve a Penis, a Veficula feminals, and a Teftis: : In the Female a Pudendum, Vagina 'Oteri, Cornua Uteri, and Spermatich Veffels. : j "Ehe Penis inthe Male was placed at the Ia or. oppo- fite Extreme to. the ead ; and feemed tobe able to exert it felfalmoft the length of a Barley Corn, or proportion- ably to the length of the /agzza in the Female. At the root of the Pems was inferted the neck of the Fefiula Seminalis , which gradually grew larger as it a- fcended in the body, and ufually did reach almoft half: way. "Fwas filled and turgid with a milkee Juice 5 Which it re- ceived from a flender Veffel of the fame Colour inferted . nto.jt. Which after one turning, was afterwards very. . much convoluteds and being fo. forms. that body I call the 7 ejfzs. : | 4 A Altho’ zhes part be fo loofely contexed; as even to the — naked Eye it appears butas acontinuedveffel, and may eafily be unravelled ir’s whole length, which meafured was above a Yard’: yet I make nodifficulty of giving it the name of a Zeftzss. fince 'tis now fufficiently known, that the Zeffes in more compleat Animals are onely acon- — geries of Vefsels. Anda Rat, befides this Worm, isnotthe _ onely Subje& wherein L have found them thusdoofe and eafily feparable.. | qos DAE? bets In the Female Worm, almoft about:the middle of the body, but more towards the head, Lobferved an Orifice or Pudendum; which led into the Vagina Uter? ; which foon divided into. the two Cornua which were large, and re- | eM markable ( 157) » quarkable. . For defcending fomething winding towards . - the Tad, they were then reflected again, and did each of them terminate in flender Veffels, /7/:te, asthey were, '" buemuch fmaller 5 and did lye in fevera! convolutionsand windings amongft them, Thefe I take for Spermatich Veffels. Waving taken thofe Veffels, with the Cornua q- . teriand Vagina, out of the body, and laidthemon a Paper todry ; I found from each Cornu, tothe end of the sper- matick Vefels which Ihad preferved, that they meafured above four foot. n A I opened the Corzua Uter? and found them turgid with a milky Juice, having placed a little of it upon a fmall Mi. crofcobe, I plainly perceived 'twas nothing elfe but an in- finite number of {mall Eggs: tho to the naked eye itap- peared onely.as a: fluid body. Thefe Eggs when freth, appeared, as is reprefented inour fourth Zzzure: covered with abundance of {mall afperitiess but as they grew dry their Surface appeared Smooth. By comparing that {mall quantity I did obferve, in which L-could diftinguifh fo many Eger, with the whole fubftance contained in both the Corzza; Icannot gue(s therecan be fo few as 1000 Eggs in each Female Worm. | How far different thes Wormis from common Earth Worms as to thefe parts, I need onely torefer to * Dr. Wells's figures and account ofit, to fhew. | And Tam yet to learn what Worm out of the body has thefe organs thus formed. When once there, the Cafe is plain how they propagate themfelves. And > Azenjotzus, and allbefore him, that were of that Opinion, are miftaken; whofay that thefe . Worms do not generates nor have any diftinGion of Sexese c: Flippocrates is exprefs, dt diicgoyyvae mhi]ezi. And Tthink nothing can be plainer then this diftin&ion of Sexesin them. (a) Willisde dacma Brutor. cap. 3. (b) Ant, Menjotius. differtat, Patholog. parts 3: p. tn. $125 . (9 Hippect ls 4, de morbis, ^07 hates alu eas | 3 But. : ( 148 ) $a Put I find on the other hand, there are many who do not onely allow them to generate, bur do make them /7- viparous toO. | , iU '[hus P. * Borellus tells us; Vermem Craffum ab hominis Corpore eduttum, forteque pedibus exenteratums, mon fme admi- ratione vidi vermiculis innumeris refertum ee. So © Amatus Lufitanus tells much fuch a Story; that a Girl voiding a large Worm, and the father treading onit. ex eo aly pro- düerunt: Vermes. And * Felix Platerus givesan obferva- tion-of a Boy that was Hydropical, and voided all his ex- érements upwards 5 who dying inthe Hoftal, and they obferving a motion and palpiration in his belly, were afraid to bury him till they hadfentfor the Dolor. He opening him found the Jzteffines in fome places fwell'd as big.as his Thigh, in others fo convoluted, intorted, and twifted; thar hindred any paffage downwards; eithet of Excre- "ments or Wind 5 Sed © vermibus vivis quamplurimis repleta erant, qui rur[um alys minorebus referti. You may fee an In- ftarice likewife de Vermibus fetis in Salmuth Cent. 2, Obs. 24, But $ Dominus Panarolus is very exprefs; and tellsus he obferved itithusin-two feveral perfons. In wtroque ex- , pulfifuerunt Vermes Golore Carneo, longitudine circa Sexdecem digitos, qui pregnantes erant, © ligno collift cumfuiffent, ap- paruerunt vermes parvi,fubtilzs, alb, longitudame fex: digitorum, prope iunumeri, qui tanquam [erpentes barvi movebantur. But whatever is related of /zs nature 1 cannot but think it is a » mitake ; and that they weré impofed upon by the Genztal parts of this Worm. which not warily examined, might eafily make them to think they are fo many fmall Werms, For they are not Viveparous but Ovzparous; as 4 have fhewn; and their containing fo vafta-number of Eggs in the Cernua “4 ri ^ d (4) P. Borellus bif; & obferv. Cent. 1. 005.89. — (¢) Amatus Lufitanus Cent. 3. cuvat. 46. (f) Feelix Platerus Obs, Jib. 3+ Pe «6s 7a: TUNI (g) Dom. Panarol, Obs. Med. Pentec- s. Obs. 15. 5x : | | Uterz : re , Soo c QUAM D Viert, as Y have expreffed, does fufficiently account for - that prodigious quantity, that are fometimes obferved to be bred in zumal bodies. | CHUTE h Panarolus tells us he oncefaw the Stomack. and Guts ftuffed with them fo thacthey afcended up to the Throat. ! Baricellus by the ufe of Crude Mercury brought away from a Patient above a hundred. * jo. Jadoc, Weckerus did the like with the ufe of Ian/y Seed and Syrup of Veolets. Ga. bucinus (aw. voided by Stool 177. | Bemvenius faw voided by a Child 7 years old152 Worms. And ™ Jacob Hollerz- ws, outof Mufa, givesus an Hiftory of a man 82 years old, who voided above 500. And * Petrus Paulus Pereda .. fawa Noble-man’s C/i/d in a few days void almoft a Thou- | fand. and fhe voided 40 in 4 hours time. Thofe Ammal’s are ufually the moft Mulzparous, whole young are the moft expofed to danger; and were it not fo here that the greateft part of the Ztter of this orm 1s ufually carried forth by the Faces, it could not beavoided but we Íhould be devoured by an Enemy we breed in our own Bow- els, ‘That caution therefore of ° ZZenr. ab Heers\ think ‘is neceflary. To avoid the givingthe Powder of thefe - Worms for expelling others, fince we cannot be fecure . but chat at the fame time we may fow the Seed for propa- - gating more. | (b) Panarol. Pentec, 1. Obs. 41. (i) Baricel. in bovtulo genzali.- (k) Wecker. de obferv. propriis. (D. Beniven. de abditis.cap.854. | (m) Holler. de morb. intern. lib. x12 Stbol, ad tap. «4. .. (n) Pereda de curaad. morb. lib. 1. cap. 8: (0) Hen, ab Heers Obss med, l. 1. Obf. 9. p. 108. , The C 160 ) THE. EXPLANATION FIGURES. “FIGVRE Ey. ae the Male Worm opened. Where ^d. Shews the three Lips of the Worm. 5. The Oefopbagus, or Gullet. ccc, The large Inteftine. ^A dq The Pen. .ee, T he Feficula Seminalis. f. The Teftis. FIGURE I. Reprefents the Female Worm opened. Where a. Shews the Mouth. ... 4. TheGullet. cece, The Inteftine, or Gut. d d d d, The Vagina Vtert. 2, Ihe two Cornua Vtert. Ff f. The Spermatick NS £. The Anus. FIG. Ca CUM (161) FIGURE Ul, Reprefents the Genital parts of the Female explicated. Where out fide of the Skin. — b. The/agma'Uteri. — £6. The two Cornua Vert. — dd, The Spermatick V effels. FIGURE IV. | Reprefents the Eggs of this Worm, as they appears ed being viewed by the Micro/cope. 4, Shews the Pudendum or Foramen as it appears on the as Y- DEI. remark | 2. A remarkable Relation of a Man bitten ab aad Dog, and dying of tbe dif- eafe called Hydrophobta, fent.in a Leiter tothe Royal Society by the learn~ . ed Martin. Lifter. Efquire, dated from _ York March 26.1683, SU REE m es. | I have formerly entertained the R.S. with odd cafes in Phyfick; as of the Stone cut from under the "Tongue of aman; of Lumbrici teretes found in the Ancle of a Child; ofa monftrous Worm vomited,&c ; And I there- Sore think by the kind acceptance ofthofe, this 1 amabout ferehreofiman bir with a mad Dog,and dying of the di- feafe called Hydrophobia, willbe wellcome. _ It is by Gods providence that it is arare cafe, for Galen calls it omnium morborum peffimum: And fince itis in that great Phifitians opinion the very worft of difeafes, it is an extraordinary bleffing to mankind that it happens fo rarely s. efpecially if we confiderhow infinitely fond we are of fo poyfonous a Creature,and what vaft numbers we keep out of meer wan- tonnefs and pleafure, more then any realufe or fervice — they candous. — | james Corton, a very {trong and wellbuilt young man; wasbit with a mad Dog in the right hand; the wound heal’d of it felf, and the thing was forgot even by himfelf and. — wife; butas he faid (after the difeafeof Aquepavor had. feizd him, and that it was given him by me as a reafon of his not drinking) he had told his wife he wondered why — the xk " f : - xs wc ML D T ME N- SNC MA NUR Ka 183°) the Dog, which ufed tobe fo familiar with hi m. thould then bite him. Butthiswasall forgot; And after abour five or fix weeks he complains of pain all over his bones, but efpecially his back and round about his Stomack; looks very pale,hollow eyed &c. The third day after this compláint, viz, Sunday in the evening March t 1h 1682, he called for burnt Brandy, drank it, went tobed and vomited it up 3 after this he had a reftlefs night, amd in the morning found . himfelf very ill, with a itrong rifing in his Stomack, and tho no thirft, yeranimpotence todrink, and even to fwallow his Spzttle, which was death to him as he often faid. - Dia[cordium anda. bottle of Cordial water was brought. to him by an Apothecary that morning 3 The Diafcordium he took, but was not able to drink of the Cordial one Spoonful. This on Monday morning ; About one a Clock that day I firftfaw him, and found him upon his Bed, his Pulfe very flow: and fometimes unequal, but not unlefs ' frighted from the rifing of hisStomacks his flefh colds his tongue not dry, but flexible and moift, a little white. I caufed him to rife off che bed, and fet him full in the light s and then becaufe he mightily complained of I know not what (icknefsabout his Stomack, I offered him of the Cor- dial, but he ftarted, and trembled at the approach of it. "T hisI exceedingly admired. wherefore I called fora glafs of Wine or Water, and a Tumbler of water was brought me up, which I gave him to drink; bur he vehemently ftarted at it, and his Stomack fwell'd and rife;after | know | not what odd and ftrange manner; and I could then find his Pulfe very trembling and difturbed. I ftill urged him to drink , But asf put it forwards to his mouth, he the more affrighted drew back his head» andíighed, and eyed it with a moft gaftly look, not without Screeking and Noife:. ThisI moft mightily admired, and wasat a great loís what fhould be the caufe of this ftrange Symptom: when at length it providentially came into my mind, that this was que pavor ; = then I tryed him again and again M 515] 2 to | | (164) to drink $ and found him ftill more and more difordered 2€ the fight, efpecially the approach of the drink. Where. fore [ ask't his mother in Law and the Maid, who flood. abouthim, where the wound was he lafthad had; at which, . queftion they feemed concerned, and replyed, they won-. dred whatI meant. then told them he. had been. bitten, by a Dogs Iris true (he faid all in.a fright.) I was bir by, fuch. a Neighbour’s Dog, about five or fix weeks ago. here in my hand, but it has been long well.” [then bid; him lye down, and foleft him; calling his Wifeand Mo-. ther and Friends to me.below Stairs,. and telling them that. he would certainly dye, that there was but {mall hopes of his recovery, it being to late ;. that none fhould be fuffer- ed to go him, bur his keepers, fome firong man or two &c. MG eA | | . 1 forthwith ordered a Vein to be opened in the arm, which was bit, caufed the wound to be fcarified and drawn with Vefcatories, and the fame Plafter fo be applyed- unto, the neck and leggs and the infide of thearms ; I ordered. the ufual and famed antidotes to be given him as of Theriaca,, Cznis cancrorums Ruta, Agaricus, &c.inPolus’s. For itis. to be noted, that folid things ina Spoon he could take,, but yernot without much trembling, and fear, and Cau-. tion, andan-earneft requeft. that no body would fuddaine ly offér them to him, but give them into his hand gently 5, . and. then he would by degrees fteal his hand foftly towards. his mouth,and ofa fuddain chop the Spoon in: and fwallow. what was in it,velus canis ad offam;& this he did more greedi-. ly and readily then any other man could do. Ofthefe anti- dotes in Bolus hetooka Dram every:hour, and always in this manner.for atleaft a dozen times takingsand every like. drink was. proferred himin the night, but he could. not fee. ijt without horreur, andthe fame motions from his. Sto« mack, Nay hedid affirm that as oft as he by chance fwal~ lowed any Spittle it went to his heart. even astho he fhould dy that very Moment. ‘This night paffed wholy without apy fleeporreft, — « : Tuefday | TRA T jd : « 16.5 J * i _ Tuefday morning Iviewed his blood, which was both | astothe Serumand Cake well coloured, and in {ach propors tion.as is ufual in-healthful perfons, and of good con- "fences hrs s. : | He had now a violent Feaver upon him, and a very - quick Pulfe. Water. was offered him by my order, but in vains He begging he might dye unmolefted, nothing - being fuch a.terrorto,him asthe approach of any drink ; and that none might come fuddainyy upon him, or offer. him any thing more; for all things frighted him ; And that he found he muft fhortly dye, for that his heart began to . fail him ;. and.indeed he look’t exceeding paleand hollow and thin vifag'd. . . | "ME D b | J then with much difficulty perfwaded him tocafthim- — — felf crofs thebed upon his belly (for he had his Cloaths loofely about him) hanging his head overthe other fides perfwading my felf that this pofture might be advantage- ous to his drinking. fince that in the erect poftureof a man he could not fo much as endurethe approach of liquor, | In this pofture then ofa Dog, he fuffered a large Bowl fill- ed with fmall. Beer to be brought under his head, and im- braceing it with raptures.of joy. . he. declared he was in- finitely reftefht with the fmell of it that he. now faw it with delight, and affured us he fhould be able foon to drinkit all off. And hethat now thought himfelf a dying man talked pleafantly, and faid many paffionate things to his brother, wife, &c. wouderfully extolling this inven- tiom and thanking meforic He endeavoured with great earneftnefs to put down his head to it, but conld not; his Stomack rife as often as he opened his Lips; atlength - _he put out his tongue and made towards it.as tho he would Japs. but everashis tongue never folirtle touched the Surface of the beer, he ftarted back affrighted. And . yet all this, while was pleafed with the thoughts of drinks ' ing; and would nor fuffer the Maid fervant to take it . away fromunder his heads and if the did little withdraw en ! M5; EY ( 166 ) | it, hefaid hefollowedit by the/me/ with delisht,(auffing with his noftrils. Aftera long time being mightily foiled; he alleadged that the faint fmell of the (mall Beer hinder- ed him from drinking, and therefore defired a Bowl of Ale; which was brought him s but after much ftriving, and exerting his tongue a thoufand times, he could not drink of it; andlapping with great affrights, as oft as his tongue touched ic he ftarted back with his head, bring- ing itdownagain gently to the Bowl a hundred times. but allin vain. Andinthis pofture, wharupon his belly and what upon his hands and. knees, he kept himfelf at leaft an hour thus Tantalzemg himfelf; but it was uot in his power to drink. We then gave him a Quill which con- fifted of twoor three Joints, cheone end in his mouth and the other in the liquor; but he couldnot manage it, nor fück no more than a Dog. I perfwaded him to give over and lyedown; which he did; and not long afrer my going away he fell into a Convulfion Fit; bit and fnarl'd and catch’d at every body, and foamed at the mouth. — After — this Fit was over he tookan Z/ebori/m in a Bolus, which was taken like the reft, and very willingly by him; it "wrought about 5 or 4 times very plentifully, andhe de- clared himfelf wonderfully at eafe by it 5 but yet now and then fell convulfed;and then always infenfible. Afterfour — hours I returned to him again, and found the Ménzjter with him 5 he talked very-fenfibly to him prayed very — earneftly with him, faying the Prayers after him, and de- fired the Sacrament, which in thefe circumftánces could . notbegiven, © - iae apoya He was again folicited to drink, and he now readily enough put nimfelf into the former pofture, and with as much earneftnefs as ever ufed all che little fhifts to drink, while the Bow! was under his head;but all in vài. He Wada — little Silver Tumbler ‘fill’d’ with drink put into his hands which fuddainly, when he had as it were ftolen it near his mouth, he would haye thrown it into his throat, as he did the — qum : (164 2 the Bolus’s; but it hit againft his teethand fell into the Bowl. I cannot fay he ever went to ftool or made water allthis time, and therefore hada Clyfter given him; but upon parting with it, which he did immediatly almoft as foon as given, he died convulfed: But his not making water, aS wellasa troublelome Pr/ape/me which he com plained of when upon his knees, might proceed from the Bliftering Plaifters, as well as from his Difeafe. ~ That nothing may be omitted which relates to this cafe ; the day after his interment I accidentally met with his Cozen Mrs, 5, who told me thar her Daughter was in fear, for juft that very day fortnight before his death fhe had. . been at his houfe. and he would go home with her to her Motherss that fhe remembred his hand trembled and his body fhaked, that he was in a cold fweat, and ina great diforder, fo that fhe asked him what heail'd: he told her; that after his work (for he wasan Upholfter) it:had been oflate ufual with him: And which was remarkable the very Dog which bit him came at that time along with him E her Mothers houfe 5 and wasalive and well at the mans ^'Po this we add that Mr. W7ddow'a Mercer doth affirm; that about thevery time that Mr. Corton was thought to be bit with Suttons Dog, a black Dog, which he verily bee. lieves to be the fame, came and bit a Whelp of his in his Shep. The next day the Whelp ran mad up and downthe Heufe; and bit both him and the Maid; him in the hand, and the Maid inthe leg, and dyedthat very day. About 4 month after he was bit he found himfelf not well, and flances that came to. my knowledge. | avant Iris very havd togive a probable reafon of this: 4que "P ESL ii C 168 ) pavor: what Galen ( de Theriaca) fays of their much cover. ing water,becaufe of the entollerable tlurft upon them, agrees nor with our cafe. For this man was neither thirfty nor diftra€ted, as he would have them ; he was all the time in - his Witts, did very well confider, and rationally difcourfe ofthething, and exceedingly admired at the impoffibility of his drinking: was well fatisfied with the Minifter who told him of his incapacity of the receiving the Cup in the Sacrament; and did often fay he was not thirfly, which appeared by the moifture and flexibility of his tongues (even alter his taking many hotand piperate 4tedotes, ) for this, was by meeven ro the laft carefully viewed... Befides,thofe who are very thirfty, and diftra&ted in the moft violent Feavers, do not only. drink readily enough without dread ; but on. the contrary have an exceeding greedy Appetite to Not cin] wellunderftand what Julius Palmarius (de more bis Contagzofis) means by the thitd Paroxifm of an Aydr- _ phobia, before which he would have ‘his never failing An- - tidore to be given, which ourdifpenfarory calls pa/ozr An= wiliffus, 1 fufpect he took the difeafe, as he ownes he did the Medicine; upon truft , indeed, it feems to me not to have many things in it ofthe. natuse of Antidotes. This one man cettainly-had the difeafe of a penus upon him continually. from the firft Momentto his death, which was near48-hours withour any intermiffion; forasoftas drink — was fhewed: him, or:he'fwallowed his own Spittle, his. difturbance was moft grievous and terrible, : Diofcorides in this (asin all.things elfehe treats of) is moft-fober's: and tobe credited 5 Quidam, quz. jam aque metum estirents fumpta: Felleboro, fimul ac primum. morbi tm- — petushexpesiréntur y. fanatt funt: mam. 3 jam. uitio. tentatos nemo unquam fervare potefl... "his very, well agrees with our cafe; The latter perfon who had a; fenfe of the evil, had. it prevented by bleeding; butour man which had. the evils: - thatlis the que pavor upon him; not bleeding: or nem ( 169 ) Edd: Antidotes, or even Helletore could. in the leaft fave; | " tho not very untimely given him. 55:6: | The cafe indeed rarély. occurs. and idée cannot stell be obferved- in'all due circumftances in order to its clearer underftanding; and confequendy cures we fhall venture however to lay down lome fein things to falvei it by. | of. That 3; Corton had fant at es organic parts of lis bo dy transformed into, oraffected after the nature of a Dog; : efpecially . the Gula, Tongue &c; fothat what was offer va to ‘him in the ered pofture of ; aman was very frightful, asiwellasdifiiculrfor him totake,: becaufe againft: his, aere maturey as muchas it would be for us: tO.gena dog to^ drink ftanding upon his hinder 'legs: 55:018 + 0 But yet this is notalb for when he was dni vpon this belly, and would have acted the Dog, he yet could not - drinks: and tho': he frequently putourhis tongue and lapt, yet he:could not endure to take any: thing into his mouth-of liquor, as tho fomething: had hindred him within. ,...- . “Therefore we may imagine he was alfo convulfed | in thofe parts, or fwelled: buc this we cannot grant, for the contrary does plainly appear. becaufe he could caft any thing into his mouth and {wallow its as he did very many times" ftif Bolus’s, more nimbly as to the fwallow, then any man réa- fonably could be fuppofed to do, that was fo weakened: for I faw no difference betwixt thofe he fwallowed an hour - or two before his death, and the very firft he took. Secondly, That his spittle was envenomed; for as oft as he fwallowe: in hisStomack véhemently abhorring it)it went to his heart (as we fay), and was even prefent ceaih to him, And fo liquid things coming nearer to the contiftence of - itrle: might the: rather movere falevam, and therefore gave hima greater terror and difficulty to fwallow. then folid things. — And.that his Spittle chiefly was infe&ed with the venome of the Dog,fcems probable from thefe reafons alfo. 1. Ee- Z : caule ( 170) : | . .émfethe Dog bitihim, whofeSpittle:alone to Pues #¢ be venomous to the touch * there-are many 6. ^^'^ eredibleinflances in-Medical Hiftory. 2.:'He — 7. - ^ wasmoft like a Dogin the mouth, oz. where are the proper Organs of the Saliva. 3. Thebite of a man fo bitten is.alike infeCtiouss bur otherwifeinnocent. But it may be askt how comesit to infect his Spittles and not other humors and the blood. |L.anfwer, The blood in part wasundoubtedly affected, as the Symptoms a- tifing ‘before the que paver (which yetis ithe onely true Pathognomick of the difeafe) demonftrate, Again the ‘blood is ‘not-oneliquor (as isgenerally thought), but:many diftin& liquors circulated together:zm one fet of common Vef- fels; and fo it might infect that liquor, which it was moft . a kin to, as the sakva of a Dog to the saliva ofa man. Concerning the truth of that propofition, I have formerly writ fome things to you ; and more] intend to entertain - you withs you willexcufe meat »prefent if I:do. not think - it Convenient to. anticipate my Papers. Best York, March — 26, 168 3. SIR: — Pese ut — "Your moft ‘humble. - Servant M. E. Ls C Y71 ) 3« A Continuation of a "Difcourfe about V ifi- . On, with an Examination of fome late Ob- (eclions againfitt. By V Villiam Briggs 4M. D. and Fellow of the College of Phyfitians, mM , HI^vie formerly givena * Specimen of my thoughts a- " bout ¥zfon, I purposd to defer the publifhing any thing more relating to it; till azzre entzre Treatife(abouc the Particular ufes of the parts of the Eye in Vifion) had been . finilhi which Tintimated my defigning at chat time ; bur this will require the confideration ot many more years, and - indeed the Subje@ is fo admirable, and may be of fuch ufe to convince the Sceptzcifm of the age, that 1 hope it will not be timeloft : and if I have fufficient opportunities, or be aflifted with the praticcal Obfervations of others whom I dare confidein, I may perhaps add withall the Pathology of that Vfeful part, to make it the more acceptable to the World. In the mean time I havebeen prevailed withto make che znlargemen* of the forementioned difcourfe, in order to the fuller expla. . :my thoughts, and rhe clearing fome diffi- culties which have been propounded againft it. | — ' In that fmall Effay l endeavour'd tofhew. 1. That the fibres of the Optic Nerves as rifing from the two protube- rances of the thalami Optic, were more concern'd in Vifiot then either the Cornea, Humours, or Retina (asthey are confiderd by Writers in Opecs); not only becaufe fen/atzon (s) In Mr. Hook's Philof. Goltedions No. 6. : j | ; 72 | » as * wen ( 178 ) is perform’d chiefly in the Brazz, and thefe other parts are . but the: tranfennetoits butalfo becaufein an Zmazurófrs ot gutta ferena thefe parts are free from any indifpofition (the £ye:appearings 4s naturally, without any fault)» tho tbe fiabt-is. then wholly, loft; and therefore thofe Fébres of the Optie Nerve muftbe principally affected’, either by'b be- ing obftructed;or the roots of'em'compreft (about thez^s- lami Obtici) by fome: tumour, or too much pénr.in by a con- traction and extenuation of the outward coatscfthe Nerves,. or by any Confufion or Contortion of the-faid-Fibres.- | 2. T fhew there that the fuperior Fibre in each thalamus Opticus had the greareft tenfions and the znferzor the leaft 5 as may appear from the ‘former arifing from the top of thé thalame Optict and: having: the greateftiflexure: thus: (^ 5 and the /az/er arifing from the Juverfart: of the:aforefaid thalame and: having thé leaft flexure’ thus «, 7, as may-be judg'd from.a view of thofe parts in the Brain 5:fo thatthe: Corre hondence of the former or latter in ite and zen/ion caus d: that correfpondence or.Uzenin Vifion.: 5 0o (3. It maybe further noted that the intermediate or: lateral Fibres: in the fame Eye, tho diametrically oppofite: to one another, are faid to differ in senfion (by ixeafon of; a more confiderable flexure of the external then theznter-- nal;) whence two Stars or other bodies feen bythe collateral - Fibres. of the fame Eye (whilft t' other may be fhut) appear’ - diftin& and not; as one, becaufe. they are viewed by ai/cord: Fibres of that fame Eye; whichlikewife isfo kept in its Or- : bit by the zmveffing parts, that; it can vwell be otherwife. ^ » 4. l.obferv'd that the Optee Nerves arofe *' feparately from. thofe two Molecule of the brain. and befides have &-- peculiar advantage in rifing from thefe /ellocks inthis man. ner; whereas the other, Nerves arife from the, bafr, of the: . brain ina flatter manner, and clofer together, fo that the ex-« tream difference of their rifeis very remarkable, and in. (b) See Bonet. Sepuichret. tom. x. Ub. 1. Set. 18. Obferd.1. 32 Os Se (c) See Fig. 1, in the fore-mentioned Colle lile. 1 es (D “i EX ‘tends | aan C 173 ) "om : tended furely by Nature for (ome extraordinary.end.- E hus: - tliatof the opie Nerve? in order to! their confent requit'd a; corre/ponding tenfion in their Fibres, or elfe, Vifion had been always double, {ince thofe Nerves arife/eparazely from two: _ abftint eminentes of the, brain : buethe other Nerves arifing, — bhfer together (whereby there: may ‘be. arommunicationbes, - , tween’ their Fores, yori belonging to:fenfes that! require nor: | fo minute difcrimination of objects as Vifon. does)»: there néed:- | ed'hót that exadcthefs in the placengor tenfanof the Fibres: -* ei^fn ‘the poficionof «the Fibres ofthe: Opize Nerves t | few: tac they Keep their aijten order; and confequently, thar they are! gor mixe:‘or blended -togetheratthe place o£. . . their connexion ( às was frivoloufly fuppos'd by Authors before, | to folve the Omon-of Vifion). And this obfervd not only: from: what is noted: in Man by Vefalius, Riolan, and others. 4n their patticularremarks:in/this Cafe, büt alfo by what: Nature ittelf (hews in: the Chameleon. ad féveral'of the fee-: bler fort’ of Fifhes, where they are fcarce join'd 5. and this, fhe might intend in thefe fmal! or helplefs creatures (who: — turn thereby their Eyes to feveral objects and different coaffs: atoncé,) to.avoid thofe on all fides zba£enf2ft them, or to: catch the more readily their fleezzng food s whereas others. that have 'em clofer join d view particular objects che better: by looking more fteadily or zntently toward one part, and : areotherwife provided for in their food or their fafety. ^6. Eobferv'd that in the infertion of thefe Fibres intoche- Eye ( where the Aedullary part of them:forms the Retina)... they ftill kept their affect feries. , -and.that they-are much, keptin, not only by being faftne'd (or terminating) on the: proceffus ciliares, but alfo by little zran/verfe Frbres (thatare: not defcribed in the Figure I have given) which: ferveto conne& thofe that run d. /eng-mazes » there defcribed s and. make the whole Coat appear in a glafs c£ clear water like. Lawn or Tifényas E have fhewn.. None that I know ever. » . (c) See the 1.Figure inthe former Collections,where the Lethersa,b; os dy Cen the Bye flew thefe direét. Fibres of the Retinae © b 25 | 3 | | € 074 J) diditbefore me, *andthofethat have mention d the. fame ex. periment fince (withouttaking notice hereof) have miftook - my inrentinit. For the putting the Ketena in water is not |. to waíh off the mucous Subftance, which, isits proper Sub- fiance's but "tis to expand the Fibres by- the playing ic up and down in:watm water and to magnifie the Imageof Ww by a doable refrattion of the lucid raies.s which pals through that. and -.. die Glofs thac-contains it. S | ‘Thar there is a little white /limy matter comes off upon. wafhing the Retna is trueyand chis ferves-to fll up the inter - Jfices of the Eibresand thicken the Coat, whereby the Raies terminate the better;and país nor through to the Cbaroezdess (which takes off in ome meafure Asons". Martotte's. objeCki-. on of-which more anon) and this may be part of the fuccus ANutritiis of the Nerves tho however the Coat may beas well faid /jfere [pecces (as they calli it)» ot to terminate the Raiés, as the 0^4 Paper does the turning Images in the Lantergz,notwithftanding it be in fome meafure diaphanous. Befides toward the bottom of the Eye the Fibres of this Coat converge very much or come clofer together, and'tis here tháris the moft lively reprefentation er exquipte/f fenfeofthe. Object;for we" reafon partly,as alfo partly frem it's figure;I. formerly took the liberty of calling it aPupella inverted. T his: lies in Men diametrically oppofite* to the Pupzlas the Opie — Nerve is plac'd in the forementioned figure: but in Brutes mote obliquely by reafon of the infertionof the Optir Nerve — more toward the inner Canthus ; fo that fometimes(as we may fee in Horfes upon ftarting) they are forc't to turn their’ ~ i accordingly,to diftinguifh clearly objects that furprize .2. But nexrofalbl would have it obferv’d, that where. batis easi as I fay the intermediate Fibres gradually differ in tenfion as they are nigher or further from the top of the Zbalami Of-..— tici, it may beeafily fupposdthatthey do it by fo Mr. — Q Ia Opbib.p, 20. pubiifhede A. D, 1676, f) Fig. 1. In tbofe Philos. Colleétions. - "ute: cw rate Gradations., that the difference of thofe that are nigher tó ihe Top , from the Superier of all is very little (and therefore cannot .make fo confiderable a difference in the view -of the paris of an Object), but from thofe that -arefurther off great enough, and the difference of the digheft fibres from the loweft , greateft of all. | Befides f would have at obferved that. ‘tis the afferent tenfon of the Thalamt Opie» and not fo-much a varying Expanfion of them in the Eye, thar makes the difference. Forasthe Eye difcerns an Obje& more by the inward than outward . .cone of Vifion : fothe Soul may be well fuppofed to judg | Of-or -diferiminate things abroad. not fo much bythe eur xard part of the fibres inferted inthe Organ, - as by the z- Jvard that terminate about the commen Senfory inthe brain and more immediately affe& her. irs 8. Whereasl mention fometimes the paralleh/me of the | Gorrefpondent fibres, I mean it notina ftriCt Mathema- | tical Senfe(as \ partly hinted at the latter end of chat Effay; ) |» but only their being as it were in equilibrio or due poxfe in | -fefpe&t of their fiuuation; and therefore if thofe fibres had | .been ftraight (-and-mor ofa Curv'd figures astheyare) I | fhould have rather chofe to have expreft my mind by the — | .phrafe of Marbematicians , of their being zm eodem plano. But my fenfe being underftood there need not be any ex- ception to the word, fince it-was not fo eafy to expre(s | my Meaning by abetter; and therefore I {hall pafs by this, --and proceed to more real objections tbat have been fent | me by Mr. Newton our worthy Prof. of Mathematicks av | Cambridge (and other friends.) relating to the Opinion it felf. | | — ————————————————— P ÓÀ | Ehe zx. Objection was madeinthe R. S. whenit was opjes, | read theres. which (as 1 was told) was this; v. Thatit. | feem’d ‘difficult to conceive ‘how: thofe fofz Medullary Fibres |. ofthe Nerve could have fuch a tenfion. But'thisis not hard- er. to conceive than in that of a Spiders-Web, whole Mu- cous fubftance and Expanfion very well anfwers. to that of the I BS us | Re- . .simoté readily difcermot fihcbout objects benganirehan above t : SCAN : MC WE2 ^ E : — "Retina (whil(tin its due pofition or Expanfion in theEyey). and as the leaft breath of Wind moves-the one:fo the leaft gale - cof the Ethercal.or lucid matter ‘caufes a vibyatiomin ché^other, Further it was objected, That’ it was hard toconceive . how fo:foft a body as the thalamus Opticus (being only a pro- Xuberance of the Medullary. part of the Brain) could make fuchoadifference'in: the Strefs:or tenfion of thé fibres: But “tis apparent chatupon drawingthe Nerve frontit, forward (according as ‘tis ftituated and runstoward theBye) the $z- perior fibres are more ‘upon the Stre/s than the lazera], and . Nature in thefe cafes is finer in her operations'(or to fpeak more properly the gear Author of Nature is) then we are in out Conceptions of them. It feems:foefpecially inthe for- mation of this Organ, where the Apparatus of its parts in or- — . der to vifion is fo curioufly contrive’d by the ‘great rft — -and^all is done as it;werein fo fine Miniature and with fo -foft "Eoucher of his inimivabledand, -thatát exeeedsias much — (the other partscof: the hamacbod ias ibardoés;eminend y — :tranfcend the remaining frame/of the vifiblerWierld;o o^ —— ^s 2: Ithasbeen objected by others; Thatif che Superior fi- ^ _ ibres:were more tenfe hen the:znferior we fhould fcebet- eter by.raies falling:onsthé op chan che-dorrom ofslie Eye, — vor fee:an objeét;berer!'plac' c. belowsoursBye Owhen the - wares: paffing : imariferacght Line from it nut: teríüinXte inthe | - top fibres ) then: aboveic:s when eiever(A-they muftter- — , minaté tin«the dover fibres: De chis? Eanfwer; that it does saccordingly:fatl: out 4o; :andahisis wawore pofitive nd: dr- ; re& proof of my Opinion 5/ forc Iappealoto aóy anán'éexpa-- rience whether:the Charatters và Book appear hor batter to. — him, or he reads not better in it held about halt a yard'ün- — c; oder his Eye.than'fomuchxboveit'y ot whethér He does not chim witb.the (ame fighit :vand this ntay be furehebillufrat- | ed by my ai Ley Boconsvexperitttenvofa mans-appeating ber- — "ter on the ground to him thacis placet on à hich feeple chen. ig Peu yoy Gent La ONE Sine? @ Swap uA victus rove Bs = FTES ITD VET y ALPS © Sie cea naa ^ LU ene eee Ee LE, 28 EERIE (d) Experim..5. Cent. 3. Nat Hift. (C17) ©. $.Irisurg'd'Thataccording to my Scheme of the fituatio® . oP the. correfpondent fibres, the Raies of anobje& plae't laterally (fuppofe toward the lef? Eye) could not fall upon the fellore Fibres in the! right Eye j^ for ifit were plac't fo flantingly toward the /eft Eyethe raies could not fall upon the znternal lateral Fibres of both Eyes in that pofition; but upon the znternal of one, fuppofe the /eft Eye, and the external lateral of the right; which would caufea double perception. This Objection I forefaw when I hinted ( in f. 176. of the aforefaid Colle&tions ) that Whether the Nerves decuffated or not, 1t would be no prejudice to my Opinion, nay per - haps might more fully confirm. my. opinion where they do. 1n that . paffage I had refpectalfo 1. confefs to the znverfion of the I- mage in the Eye being re&ified in the Brain; tho that equally preffesany other Hypotbefrs, and the explication of the thing may be well enough underftood by a blind man's judging of a. pofition of an obje& above his bead by touching it with. vneend ot his ftick, tho the other end terminates wader that Object or in his hand: And fo in our view of an object the true fituation of the refpective parts is not diftinguifh’t fo much by the means of that end of the ray that terminates n the Eye asoft' other end that touches the-Objed, from whence the — vibration or protrufion comes. 2 2 | bert But to leave this which does not: fo particularly con- cern me , Icome:to the objection it felfas it relatcsto my Opinion; and tho it feems at firft view the moft difficult of all to be anfwer'd, yer it may be determin'd by the Experz- ment 1t (elf, berter than by the Scheme (in the Philof. Col- leCtions), wherethe Eyes are not drawn in that pofition that is here requird. Now let there be plac’c an obje&t near the left Eye of any perfon (but not fo near that Eyeas that the Note might hinder the rays from falling on the réght, be- caule itis to be (sen with borh) ; and v hilft that perfon looks on itlet a By. [Lander obferve the pofition of both Eyes, and he fhall fee that the pup of the right Eye isturn’din a very oblique manner to the object, whereas the pepe of 3 | Aa | eft M dea (178 ) i bft is fcarce fo at all, whereby there will be abd 10 one more in the diftance of he pupil of the right Eye from the external Canthus (as may be judg'd iby the proportion ofthe bite that appears) then there will be in the other 5 fo that the pofition of the right Eye in refpect of the left isasin Fig, 5. SORES to pe cdd la. SPOT a. The objed. | 0$. b Thelofe Eye; 5 «aine d unde, obe rdpbr WIN 5s wis Ad; The Pujole io ovem teg ee, Twoznternal-lateral Fares; = 7 ne OE FT wo external-lateral. dius ig, ge The optis Nerves. Hereby it appears that if the Obje& be fo plact that it- isfeen with both Eyes, the»zght Eye accommodates it felf. tothe pofition of the deft, chat the rays ftrike sorreppondent Fibres, and the percuffion or Vibration being toward the bottom or Paplla of the Eye (or near its 44xi:) wherel before obferv'd fen to be chieflyperforntd, a {mall turning of one Eyetoanother will make thataccommodation.: Moteover as this accommodation is made in an obkque - poftion of the object, fo is it more readily done in a dre — . jefttwnof the fame; and this we may perceive in an ObjeQs retiring in a/éraight line from the Eyes, whereby the Pz. pils gradually devaricate 5. as on the contrary;.they converge — when the Object is feen very near them, and that fo for» - cibly that ‘tis.a pain'to hold them long in that pofture. — Now by this various incidence of the rays fometimes on. the internal and fometimes external Fibres (according asthe — Obje&k approaches or recedes from-us) its varying pofitionin.. refpect: of diftance from us , is perceived» tho it recedes — from us in a /traight line, and at the fame time be — € | Tom. ' (8192 £rom the Horizon with our Eyes. In Bruter alfawe fer their Eyes accommodate themfelves in their viewing a fin- ale object: But however the rays feem to fall here more readily upon the external Fibres, becaufe of the obligue i. fertionof the opric Nerve , and therefore they do notfo ins - differently turn their Eyes to d/ferimznate the Motion of objets as we do» mor is their Sphere of Vifion {og large. T. ied (oa 2 But to proceed to other objections; The cafe of brofs'd-ey'd perfons by birth (chat are fo ftom a {mall contor- tion of one of the Motory Mujcles of the Eye) I have con- fider'd at the end of theforemention'd « Effay, and (hewn withal why a Morbsd strabi[mus, ot more violent contor- - tion of thofe Mufcles after great convulfions of the Nerves, caufes always a double Vifion (to which the inftances out of Dr. Willis, &c. In p. 176. of thofe Colle&ions de refer; ) which problem was fo hard to confider of by Plem. pius, and others before ; and indeed can fcarce be folv'd by anyother ZZyotbefs. .«.—— 4 ij mode eru osi _ ig. It has been urg'd That the tenfzoz of all the Fibres af the Optic Nerves might be wzform, notwithftanding the greater flexure of the Superior s becaufe thefé latter mighe be longer, and confequently might not have a greater ftrefs upon the zbalami Optic then the /ateral: As, if the arm of 4 tree grows bent, the Fibres on. the protuberant part (eem not more féretcht then on the concave fide, but to take only a longer compafs... To which l.anfwer that fenfe evinces .— ghe contrary in our cafe (as I fhew before). and ifany one |. draws out the Opeze Nerve ftraight forward from. the thala- |. eus Opticus, or as it lies in, its, Natural pofition, he. will |. plainly fee that the top- Fibrer prefs more on the fubjacent medullary Protuberances then the lateral. 0r, make a deeper ay 10 9.17704 ln Philof. Collektions Noé, ARM Aa 2 E impreffion í | . ((*180 ) ' jmpréflion. Befides to aüfwer one fimilitude with ano- ther, we may obferve that the Fbres of thofe Mufcles chat extend the leg, and bear-upon the bow of the knee,fcem more frrecht and vigorous in their à&ion ‘then the Contraffors that un in the Follow under its and this was admirably: contriv’d by the Wifdom of our great Author (and may be unanfwer-, ably objected to the followers of Epicurus, who fay che parts of the human body were made without any defign : ) for fince thofe Extending Muf[cles of our leggs are s much pent — upand hindrédin their aCtion by the poftureof the Child. athe Womb (which lies with its knees up to its mouth; ) that defett is excellently compenfated by thenatural. tenfion and pofition of the faid Fibres, orelfe Mancouldmevergo _ upright, © 5 AN j * UR | high €9 ee 3410703 lo 4 _ 3486, ^Tt has ‘been uürg'd That the action of Vifion Was ni forms and therefore requi d at weform tenfion'ofall thé Fi _bres.: ‘To which T anfwer, that tho in the view of the znéire: Objeét; or its place by- both eyes, it oughtto be fos: and. that therefore, it was done by corre/pondent Fibres (asl have. formerly eplain*d) » yet ina firi&ter view of the parts o£ the fime Obje&t by one Byes thiefeis a: difcrimimation. «^ For: to inftaüce iu a^ body “of themoft Bmple figure and colourj: (as fuppofe a Globe all red} ov of Fare) that fliould be feen by. ene Eye only; tis certain she'Eye diftinguifhesthe different. parts ith eir extrarpofrions p ot-diftinét fituationsin-refpect: - Offone andeher, «tho they be all of piece asinwere other» Wife 3nd unlefs it’ were fof Idee tno realonowhy that red. Globe’ fhould not“appear ottly one #ed/peck.oOra Globe of — fire asa lucid: point ; Now this ls MEME e parts is: eafily’ conceivable to -be- dóné byt fame Bye\ 203 AO 250% 2137 WG) e À oe "ios V Et feb o) un 13 ri" —— 2 i » - #2 w iS 3f11 Jb5bfi3 " ael Y fi} 3. Lattly ié-has beenurg’dT hat the Tibres of tlie Choracie. des feem more adapted to Vifion then thofe of the Retina, becaufe thiefe Taft did not /?/fere fpeczes (to ute their phrafe) as-tranfinitting the colours ofthe.former sand befides fome : _ Blood-veffels running amongft ‘em would interrupt the "QR nare 4 ; ^ = Fg ha Eu i 1 wiih jo 9 RA, Mnagei. e/idifeord Fibresof the: — PECORE CUT a : (08$ y 5» image; and laftly fenfation could be better continued «0. — the, Tenfe Fibres of the Pia mater by the one, thea to thé - brain. by the fofteroftheother, 0.5 0. s; Altheugh this laft Objection doesnot dire&ly firike ac my, Notion. of. V ifion (becaufe .a-corrofhondence of Fibres. may be u nderftood as wellin one as t' other) 5 -yerit may. not be amiís to confider it particularly s becaule I have. formerly afferted and do ftill, that /;f/en can be no way. better performed then by the Fibres ofthe Retina, however. other [enfes vaay xequire in their action a greater fine in the. Membranes that ate fübfervient to them, whien fome.of- late will have to be the. only inftrumenis offenfe. ... Pir. then it is certain that (as ifaid before) the Retnais no. more tranfparent if fo much as the o24 paper inthe /anzern, Which yet ferves well enough to intercept the turning t= mages of it. Secondly, That being of a mbziz/b colour, and, refembling thereby the mize. Paper 3o che dark houfe, it. is fitter tO receive the images of colour d objets then the dark Joade of the Choroeides. Thirdiy, it being the more. inward or medullary expanfion of the Optic Nerveitcan more immediatly tranfmit any motions 10 che Mezatullum of the - brain (or the common fenfory) then che other part, which by its continusiion to the pea mater doesnot reach its and this I urg dformeily, which his not yer been anfwer'd by, any of Adonfieur Mariotte's followers. Fourthly, The dod" Kef[als vunning uponit.is as well.an objection againft the. Choroeides (it the latter be: not chiefly:a Plexus ofthe fame: as has been lately wellargued), becaufe thes Coat lies under: the Aetna, and confequently under zhem toos and there- fore hereby is only prov'd that in fome pofitions of our body, or im fome Stations, we do not fo well view an Ob- je& as in others, and thisis very true. Fifthly, As tothe Tenfnefs of the Fibres, I before obferv’d that the Aetina has as much as thofe of a Spider s Web, and this is fufhcient; . nay mote fuitable to the finer ftroaks of the ethertal or lucid easter. and the mice attings of this fenfe, whichis not re-. TN wv quired. Mo | (192). | | required inany other: and therefore the fame objetion may lye againftthe Conflitution of the brain it felf, which cori- fifts of foft medullary Fibres that are however fit enough to receive or PM ate any motion, and whilft they are fil'd with Amma inis may be allow'd to have the liké Tenfnefs, orrefiftance that a lock of Wool has, or a Spider's Web. And if E may be admitted to carry onthe fimili- tude; As that Ztzle Animal in the Centre of its foft eircumtend.- ed Fibres is fenfible of the leaft gale of Wind, oris ala- rüm'd by the leaft noife or £euches of tts prey or ofan enemy from any Quarter, by the dekcate expanfion of its Fibres: So may the Soul much more (in the common fenfory) being farrounded by Fibrille of expanded Nerves and of a fermer apprehend from what Quarter the feveral motions come from abtoad,and more minutely perceive the difference of em in refpect of the diverfe Organs of fenfe and the different fines — nels or ten{ton of thofe Nerves that belong to the fame. -—— 1 T: Go faults being committed by tlie Prefsin che Previous Dj]. couwfe co this, in the Philof, Colle&ions, Wumb.6. maybe thus — eorréQed. Pag. 170, lin. 29. for even and fight, read &venand in fith. p. 1730 1. 28. for fight. r. fie. Yn the Margents of pag.170, 173: 176,00 Fig, s, add cheGharaers tte boo P AL Ax c i t) - 1242 Je - ; "a Xd c rn » 4 | . x A “Ss a |oCa85 2 4. Znaccónnt of the Difsettion of a Bitch, _ whofe Cornua Uteri being fill d with the bones and flefh of a former conception, bad after a fecond conception ihe Ova ^ affix t to feveral parts of tbe Abdomen. . By aningenous Phyfiuan, a Fellow of ning pian, '35eRoyalSoctety.-. 7^ 57707 00s I? would feem a needlefs thing, to publifh an odfervation, Pto vonfirm the opzion of the production cf Animals from: Eggs, which is almoft Univerfally recezv’d : but chat fome time fince the Learned Deemerbroeck, and very lately Mone. ffeur Verney have endeavor'd to confute and expofe tr. The moft confiderable argument they ufeis taken from the xar- rowne(s of the Fallopian Tubes, where they openintothe ‘Womb, and ar theirextremities.. But, thothefe Authors. laya great deal of ftrefs on the ftru&ure of that paffage, it: cannot. be accounted of any forces when ocular demonftra- - - towis brought againft ics. and che Eggs difcover'd in the: Entrance, and afterward to have made their way. through: ‘themintothe Womb. — 1. d ut VUE The fagacious Dr, Harvey was very. near the difcovery: of the Egg; and its ufe: He came within fight of it, but unhappily over look't it. After many repeted di(fections- of impregnated Deer, he afferts, that Nothing for about 6 or 7 Weeks can be {een in the Horns of their Wombs: That there then appeared fomewhat like an Egg, atranfparent: _ &quor included in a very thin Membrane, in which after a: Week he could plainly fee the rudsments ofa Fetus. He sies CON Bn - EX gives his Opinion very exprefly in his Treatife de Parta. Vipera ovum C uicolor 6$ molli cortice (qualis Muliebras conceptus eft) intra (e continet, &c. The Viper lias Eggs, whofe parts are of ove colour, inclofed in a foft Shel] 5 and the very . fame is a Womans conception. But he could not inform himfelf, how that Eze in Women or in Does comes into the Womb. We declares himfelf fully fatisfied after» feveral "Tryals, that no Z4wor can be fo forcibly injected into the Womb, as to make itspaffage into the place of Conception. Nor would he fufpect, that the Seed of the Female lay till the .Egs appeard, in any crannies or receffes ofthe Horns 5 which he afferts are then as fmooth and foft; as the Corpus Callofum of the Brain. Dr. Harvey having thus fafficiently confuted the opinion, which till his time prevail’d, ofthe production of Animals from the mixture of the Seminal mat- ter of both Sexes: ’twas noc fo difficult to difcover; whence - the Egg came, which he faw about 7 Weeks after impreg~ nation. . The Fallopzan Tubesy which joyn t0 the Horns and terminate very nearthe Ovaria (asthe zefles Mulebres are generally now call’d) directed the Jzgerzeus and In- dufirious de Graff tomake more accurate di(fections of them. He prefendy faw, that the kmpid liquor, which Dr. Harvey thought was defigned to. humect the parts: adjacent; was contain’d in an-eztiré Membrane, and exactly anfwered the defcription he gives of the Eggs hefawin the JVomb. As he fink difcovei’d tlie ufe of thofe Globulesin the-o- ' varia, fovhe has been:fohappyin that excellent.piecede — Mulieris Organis, to give (o demonftrative’ an: account-of the alteration of thofe: we": are zmpreznated, ‘the waylofex- — — cluding them by the glandulous fubftance fwelling behind — | them, and the perturesthreugh which they pafS.remaining — — open all the.time of the geffatcon , and exadly an:ieach Ovarium anfwering the number of Embryo'sin each Horn: But more particularly-he has fo vety nicely obferved the Progrefs of the Eggs it Comes,’ thevery time of their pa/fing into the Jubes, and appearing inthe Lorns of ae. | " coc al (which | -C 185.) (which comes very near that proportion cf time Dr. Zfgr- - vey obferved the Lys in his Deer ), that nothing can be objeéted of force enough to! (hakean Opinion confirmed - by fo many and fo exact obfervations. He has prevented the Objection which Deemerbroech and Mr. Verney ufe againft him, "That the Tule is too nartow at each end to tranfmit Globules of that bignefs: Alleaging that the Hole by which ithas its exit out of the Ovarium is asnarrow ; that no ' Force is ufed toopenit , bur it expands it felf, as the Os-v- rere before the Birth: As Nuts and Peach-Stones &c. give Way to the germunaiing Plant, whichis lefs able to make - its way then the Eg. But befides, (which thefe Aue thors urge,) tho the extremity of the Lube be membra- nous in moft Quadrupeds, in which its pofüble a /emunad Liquor > might be tranf{mitted to the Wembs in Women its — divided, like a Knot of Ribbon, and is no-more adepred to receive any thing bue am £r , then the Fingers. expanded to’ receive and contain a Fiwd. The Eg has not-been able fometimes to get into the Womb; Riolanus {peaks of a human Fetus feenin one of the Tubes: and Dr. Harvey affüres you hehas feen ichimfelf. Ia the diffection of a Bitch at Oxford, the Embryos either couldnot get into ir, the Membranous Expanton being hindred from afcending to and clipping the Ovanza, by thefulnefs of tne Womb; or from the . fame caufe were forct backagain. She had been with | Whelp: By x blow. fhe received the Fetus dicd within her. She difcharged by the: pudendum a great quantity of put id Flefh and Matter. She:was afterward able torun in the Pack. After the fecond Jmpregnation fhe was obferved to have a very 7//Dapzbelly. When dead the ownera Perfon of Quality fent. her to Oxford... Y he Forns.of the Womb were fo fiufé up with the Bones and: firmer Mufc'es and thicker Skin'of the Fetus’s , (fome of them lay in the ufual pofture;- the Scelerons of which were entire , the in- terítices of thebones only filled up with Skin andFle(h shat no Semnal matter, oy. Aura Seminalis.could poffibly find a SEND ^75 TP qM b , paffage : | ( 186 ) paflage to the Ovarium. The Egraffe&ed in the fecond impregnation,finding no room in the Horzs,were forc't back into the ZZbdomen : where they were found afbxed to the Mefentary, Kidney &c.Only "Two of the Bags had a Communi- cation with the Womb by a flender Duct. T hefe I fuppofe fell inco the 77orzs firft, and began to faftento them, but growing larger were forct toretire. The other Three had had no receprion thereat all. The Membranes which con- tained the Embrzos were all of them very Thin.and the 2zz- malcesin them had wanted adue fupply of nutritious mat- ter. This feemsto giveasclear a proof ofthe truth of the » modern opinion, ascan be expected ordefired. Butif A422- tome had not difovered thefe Egs and demonftrated their ufe and progrefs tothe Womb, and theadvances they there make; it would appear now a very difficult task fromthe other opinion to perfwade an inquifitive Perfon, how an Ammal can be produc'd from the mixture of the Seminal Lz- - quors Of both Sexes. Every Animal, tho upon other ac-- counts efteemed the mof? defpicable, is made up of fo many Different parts» and thofe of fo excellent a Contrivance, and fo wonderful a Refpe&t to one another, thattis not to be imagined, that the Semznal fluids lying loofe and. at large in the Capacity of the Womb, and. exposd to fo ma- ny accidents, cculd give a production fo admirable. Every Jogg of it from the frequent Motions ofthe Fe- male, would difturb and diftra& che prefent defigns of the Plafite powerthey fpeakof. The Humors and Vapors. which have a paffageto , and Pumet all the parts of the Bo- dy» would in the Womb break in on the foft Seminal Mafs, and break off the tender filaments when. firft a forming. In Quadrupeds the: Periflaltie motion of the Horns would Perperually feparate-the parts of the Seminal Collettzon, and fcatter thofe pieces, which Nature is putting carefully to- gether into the Fabric of an. Animal. From this way of Conception Monfters would be very frequently brought _ forth, and would be muchlefs wondred.at then a pee Pro: E, 2 | ie ; UCtle. | ( 187 ) | du&ionis now, — We fee how very induftrious Nature is in preferving the Species of Vegetables. When the tender Seed is firft formed. it’s {-cured from external Injuries by various forts of Cafes. The Embryo of the Plant contain- . ed inthe Seed hath 3 or 4 Coatstoinclofeir: the outer- moft is defigned of fufficient ftrength to preferve it, None of the Juices of the Earth are permitted to enter in, but . fuchasare fit to put into motion or fupply the liquor con- tainedin the inner Membrane, from whence it has its firft increafe. Andas the Egs of Animals are defigned for the fame purpofe the Seeds of .Vegetables are 5 fo there is ve- ty great agrceablenefs between them. The Shel and Mem- branes of Egs (except thofe which are brought to perfedti- on in the Female) are very likethofe of Seeds. Both have a Colliquamentum, or more fine and Spirituous Liquor which . isfirft to be fpent,before thofe which are grofser can be re-. ceived in the extremely fine and Small-pores of the Fetus when only juft begun to be formed. And in Both,the Parts of the Embryo are deGigned and drawn out, beforethe Eg has been at all affected by the Moafculzne-Seed, or the Vegetable Seed put into the Womb ofthe Earth. The Fegure of the Plant may be leen in the /arger Seeds, and the Menzature of a Chickin the Spot of the Yolk, But if fo great and (o vari- ous an Artifice is neceffary to raife a Plant, fhiil Nature be thought lefs carefull and induftrious in the propagation of Animals , whole parts are more numerous and of a much finer texture. And fince thofe. Animals and Vegetables are by fome allowed to take their original from Egs and Seeds , whofe largenefs will permit them to obferve them; it - feems an opinion with too much precipitancy taken up,that fuppofes fome of the greater Amemals, and the leaft of thefe and Plants, are fupply’d from Eguzvocal generation ; That corrupted matter from the Warmth of the Ar, or the motions of its own Prenciples , can form the parts of the One or the Ocher. For the Heat of the ur endeavours to déffipate - and remove the thinner parts from the more grof$ , (ince no bo | MeMe ( 188 ) membrane isfappofed toconfine thems’ nd the more a7 dive principles are from their, own nature always ftrugli ‘to be quit of them. And this way. the parts of an Animal | "would be fooner broken into pieces , than a;new one gene- rated... Bucthey believe it. maybe allowed ;... that the Zeaff and thoftvnconfiderable Ammals and Plants are this;way-F orm di. But thei rAdenutene/s make the Deficulty.Greater.', A Membrane to include the Conception with: iis fitft nourifh- ment feems more neceflary here, where the parts are more delicately put together , and from their exceeding fineneís it might more-eafily mifcarry. | Ifaftét this method. fome - Animalsand:Planis can be produc’ts whysis the fame. Species aüd thiéfe very Endiwduals they feppofefo made; furnifhe with Organs for Vuivocal Generation 2. A. Slime and Mud can. afford frogs and Eels,why does the Firfl Spawn fo many Eg», . and are the other Vzviparous 2 Why doesnot fo greata diverfity of putrid parts in the Earth, differently affe- Ged by unaccountable accidents. often prefenr us with new. living Creatures, and Vegetables of peculiar Sperie's? Bug. no fuch new Plants are taken naticeof, andthe Mes ate. of the fame fort from Cheefe and from Meal, "The objecti: on which is offer'd againft Epicurus, will be made with the fame force againft this Opinion. Ifthe Earthat firft equi». - vocally product Men, ‘Quadrupeds, Birds, and Fifh, Why has it not done it very frequently. ot at leaft fome-- times fince? Webeginto fufpe& the Cheat, when: the, Artift is not able to perform the fame again. The Anatomy of a Monftrous PIG Communicated . tothe R. Se By an Ingewious Student ia Phyfich, —— | Bout the beginning of Decem. 1682. among many Pigs ofa Sow,there was one wchhad no paffage for the Fes | ces either Solid or Liquid, altho the Anus was: not outwardly clos'd up;which whether natural, or caufed by the Neighbours who had attempted /a Cure ‘before F- faw ir, Y cannot | | (189) ; Cannot E volidvi y: affert. There was likewife no vifible.- fienof either Sex: Being diffected 1 it afforded thefe foilow- ing obfervations. ^ ^ | Firft- the Guts wete very red: diftended and tranfpa- Tent, and through them’ appeared the Feces very liquid ac- _ companyed with no fniall quantity of Wind ; the end of the Rectum wasceatitely clofed likea bladder, and feal« — -ed asit were Hermetically, pendulous in the cavity» and ‘not in the leaft continued toa Sphincter, of which there wasnofign. - "Secondly, there was no Bladder to be founds nor Dieruss Orany mark of what Sex it was cent for, « Thirdly;to fupply the place ofa Bladdersboth the Ureters were inferted into the Retium. Within an ince Or thereabouts of the end | — "Fourthly;the Stoniack was full, evento diftenfion, of -an'hard Subftance;which being opened was exa&ly the fame , to appearance with hard prefi’d Curds. — Fifthly, the Che came freely enough out of the Duflus - Pecquelianus. where it was inferted to pola sanes upon the - Imalleft preflure of tne Zureffines, ^ Sixthly, I could not urge the liquid or Flarulent Contents - of the Gu:s upwards within two Inches of the Plorus; tho I pre(fed them till they brake; which hindred the inquiry after a Valve that poffibly might be there to hinder the | P pa of any thing to the Stomacks | FLETA MINOR, or the Laws of Art and Nature in knowing, 7s VNCHN a[faying, fining,. vefining,and ialarging the body of confined Metals Qc, By S'. John Pettus Knight, Gye. THis ufeful Treatife contains in general the whole 4ré . = Of proving and melting all lorts of Oars and Metals, | "sed is divided by the Author into Pda Books. : the | | (190) | - "The Firft is of Sclver Oars, where after a briefinnumera- tion of the particular matter handled in if. He divides the Oars according to thcfe differences which are moft to he regardedby the Miner, vix, They areeither Ea/y-flowing Oars, or Hard-flowing Oars. Of thé firft fort are reckoned - Glaf-Oars which loofe not above one fixth part in the Fire; The White-goldi/b Oars, Ío called not from their con- tents, but from their goodnels in SZver 5 Horny-Oars, 3a- med from their tranfparency; and Ked-goldi/b-Oars like Cinnabar, which yield above half Silver, with many more, which are defcribed by their fenfible qualities, and are computed to yield from fix to ten Ounces in a Centners or hundred weight. : | CES Flard-flowing Oars are all Flinty-Oars which are common- | ly rich in Copper, but yield very little sever, nct much more than half an Cunce in a Centner. Likewife all common White-Ghmneer, ot. Wolferan, cx Sparkling-Qars, Talks or Cat-Silver arte vety poor. — ) Next follows a defcription of the Z/ffay-Furnaces, and - all the Inftruments neceflary to the preparation, and prov- ing of Silver, andother Metals; as zuffles, Bottomplates, - "Tefls, Copels, &c. All which, asto the fhapes which the. Antients did, and the moderns do, ufes asalfo the mat- ter out of which, and the manner by which they are made ; are accurately taught, and commended or difcommended, as they anfwered Experience. ' | For good Copels on which the Tryals will neither leap, nor fparkle, He particularly commends ArzcAfe-bone afhes, either from Sheep, or Calf; perfectly calcin'd, very finely — powdered. and moiftned with {trong Beer. P Ihe matter for the making Copels He calls Clar , for which, after the Tryal of other Zones both of Beats and Fifh, He prefers Calves-head-Bones , or the Scalesthat — come from their fore-heads asthebeft. — m Thenucceeds the preparation of Lead-Gla/s, or Flufs 5 ( which is ageneral term for any addition that makes ex 7 dur | | Metal | i ( 191 ) Metall Flow) of which there are two or three methods fet down, together with the manner how to cleans it, He defcribes the Zf/2y-Weigbts with their Divifions s The Centner Weight confifts of an Hundred pound divid- ed downward. The Penny Weight is of two forts . T hat ufed in ZZigh-Germany , {the greateft of which isa Mork or 246 Fence, the loweit an Helter or half penny: The Low. Dutch Penny Weight has forthe highefta Mark, or. 388 Grains; forthe loweft half a Grain, n^ Stlver.Oars he trys in fhort thus: A fmall quantity ». the proportion of whichtothe Center is known; isto be put upon a Jef, and melted with its due weight of Lead s. thisbeing done, the Lead well cleanfed from its Slacks or Drofs is tobe affayed uponthe Copel, on which the Sil- ver Grain will remain, which is the true Content of the Oar.. He difcourfes how mixt Metals are to be aflayed for Sil- ver, asalfo how Coin’d mony, Plate, burnt Silver &c.. How the Silver Touch-needles are mades How mixed with their proportion of Copper, andufed. How silveris tobe feparated from other Metals, and burnt e/ean. under the — Muffle.The way by which good Proof.Ballances are to be .. Made, and fitted with all poffible exactnefs; as alfo are the Proof = Weights; the divifion of which from the. higheft . .to the /owefé he prefers in making them ; but they are . tobe proved when made, from the /malleft to the greate/f. _ The Second Book isof Gold-Oars, the method thefame with that of the firft. He affertson. his own experience that no oar hath Gold alone , without other Metals incor- porated , unlefs the. Goldis fenfible 5 and even that is.not: wholly clean, but moft commonly Silvery. lit "The Fair-Goldis found ftanding in aWhitifb Flint... fome-. times in a Blew and Yellow Horn-ftone, and. alo. ina Blew | foifer-ftreamy and Yellow Iron, bur very (mall and flaming, as in the Mineat.Kgemin Bohemia; there is alfofounda Greeni{h-Silvery: Flint , which after itis ground and wafheds. yields a fair; high Duke-Gold which at. the firft digging is. not perceivedin the Flint. | | He. do be £923 3 - 7He'tellsus that Gold-wajhers-gq about the Country, a get their living by wafhing Gold, together with their man- ner of wafhing ic; with à defcription of that compendious WaJb-workby a Rattar or Seeve madeof Brafs wire, with . aflat Hearth underit, anda Channel forthe Water 5 this ferves for Sandy Works, 5.50 0. | " © Phat: Gold Oats out of the Veins are tobe prepared two ‘wayes,cither by aWetora Dry Bucking: Flinty and Horn ftony . "Gold Oars are firfttobe Roafted and faddenly Quenched - sto make the Oar run together, and the Flint brittle, - | He alfo fhews how Gold shcks may be made to profit withand without Quck-sdlver.. That there are two forts. of ‘Touch needles for Gold; the Witte and the Redsfo called from the excefs of Sever or Copper in theirXCompofition. | "E hat the Black Touch. ftones ate beft, tho not all equally good: if they are too weak , no Gold toucheth bright upon them 5 ‘if too hard, the ZZungari/b andother weak Golds will not touch' true. tDEOT Tzu haul ly o] ~ He farther inftru@s how to prove Gold by 4gua-fortis:, and the ‘Goldifh Silver by wafhing it. in common water s . How co find whether Silver contains Gold without the Wa. zer proofs namely by drawing a Wire of true Gold, and an- other of the Silver you would prove. through the fame - hole, ànd then finding the differenceby weight, | ! ~~ Several wayesand Inftruments are taught for the makin — qua.fortis, ‘though Iron Jugs ave prefered for this reafon 4mong others; that Z4qua-fortz; diftilled out. of them, makes ~ tlieGold of an'higher.Colonr, - kissy -ainid AERE ica : ""T'o make an'excellent ftrong Aqua-fortiss he. commends Calcin'd Vitriol, Nitre, Alumandburnt Flints; after the Diful- lations it is to be digéfted, and rectified from frefh.Nitre, 72-- triols Burnt-FlinisFerdigne;ronfied Antimony, filed Lvov, and Wihite-lead: Aqua: Regi ismiadeby the addition ofSaluto — - BOCK guna fore Bes Wwe 1) wah ine Lies og .. Then cementing is mentioned, whativiss, andhowpere — formed. That to itis required uch matter as will work upon Lone | Uis or a ERED PESCE ES pec S IM Silver and Copper by reafon of the Salts itcontains, yet net - touch the Golds fuch as Verdigrife , Lapis Hematites » Crocus Martis, Tutta or calcinated Vetrzol. With a defcription of the Cementing Oven , and howitis to be governed ; How to Gra- - ^. 4uate Gold and give it an higher colours How to make brittle Gold deft and fit to be wrought, by melting it with JVztre and Calx viva, and other wales. ^. . . Lattly how to caft Gold through Zfutzmony ; which has been accounted the beft if not the only means to make it very clean and fine; this the Author allows to be true». when the Aniz- mony 1$ good ,, buc not. elfe; and becaule 24544 Kegis touch- eth Gold only and nor Silver, therefore He judgesit may be made pure and. fineft that ways 5... 0 25,0; Tg The Third Book isaltogether of Copper-Oars, with their dee fcription- and the manner of. affay:ng them, with: many In- ftructions how to feparate other: Metals from, them; buc the Jnftruments and operations being much the fame with what went before , 3 more particular account will be but repetiti- _ tion. We fhall only add, that he gives a fingular. way of melting in the affaying-Work, and teaches how Copper isto be made Brafs, by the addition of the Lapis Calaminaris ; by whichaddition the Metal is ufually encreafed Sixteen pound joa Centner. PGS __. The Fourth Book Treats principally of Lead-Oars, and briefly likewife of Iza» 2dntimony , Quick-flvers Iron, Steel : andthe dos: figna. 1o 101107 2033 7^ e | The Bright-Lead-oar.he {ays is the beft, and contains above half Lead 5 befides which there is /iete-Lead-Oar; like a Send. feone ; and Red-Lead-Oar \ikea reddifh Clay; thefe are not — fa tich as che firft, as neither is a Yelom-Lead-Qar. mixt with Gray , which is called theLead-Ramm, | | Then follow all the ways of proving its. as alfo the boyling ‘and (melting it, with the cautions to be obferved in the Bea- works &c. Yo his Chapter of Magnets he quotes a pafiage out of Serapion, how by calcining a Magnet With an equal - portion of Calx v;va,, and after: adding the like weight of yel- tow Sulbbur, here will arife a preparation which wich the leaft drop of. Water (hall immediately take Fire, M ee — | Ge The S. ~ HK DEN ST 0» TheFifch and laft Book is of Mineral Salis 3 as Sale-perre , Piriol, and Alum. We defcribes Salt-peter to be a Stone. Salt, which hath in it felf a fullen fires cells you of what earths it is beft made, how thofe Earths and the Lees made of ther are to be proveds with the way ofboyling the Salt-Perre, and. purifying it when boyled. And in the laft Chaprer, he des fcribes the Roajting andiryeng Flint for Vitriol, and the Alum- Earth or shiffer tor Alum s which Earth is neither to be roasted nor yet to be doyled Raw, but muft be laid in an heap together, © to be weathered and warmed init felf,that ic may fall afunder and break outjand then you may make Lees of it. Befides this the whole work is every where illultrated with scu/prures both of the inftruments and operations. | The Tranflator St. John Pettus s has added a Diftzonary of the Mezalick words, which he calls the Second part; and has . divided the Tract it felf into €hapters and Sections. and pointed it; (all which, (he tells us) were wanting in the Orzgz- 2415 and hath promifed likewife the Contents both of thofe Chapters; and Sections, as alfo of the sculptures. - | He farther promifes to publith Agricola in Englifb, wichin the - cothpafs of a Year, it being already fully Tranflated. | Benjamini 2 Brookhuyfen Qeconomia Ammalis c, in 4° 1683. He Author of this Book, being molt addicted to the Principles WU of Des-Gartes, propofeth (by a great variety of difcourfes) feversl ways and declarations, What the crue notion of a Spirit and a Bady may be; and how the Sout and. Body, as two different Subflantes, may be joyned together, fo as to perform all the «zimsal funttions, that com- - monly are obferved as well in Man,as in all other forts of Baafts, and live. ing Creatures. ‘To this purpofe he divideth his Book into 121 Artis les, adding"to every. óne, (where he is inquiring’ the’ Notion of the Soul) a large difceurfe, to make us better underftand what he hath faid and afferted-in the Articles, . So fromthe firft tothe 12 Article, he explaineth by what way. or means one muft begin to form Philofophical concerts: As, chat no Principles of any. Science muft be taken for granted; - and rbit the molt fle notions that can be found out, muft be the only rule of an. intelleétaal progreffion, And whereas true: Philofophy requir- eth a conformity of che objects with reafon, fo a right judgement about any thing muft agree, with the perceprionof ir: And hence all pre- judices, cuftoms, opinions of féveral Seéts,, the veneration towards An- | | tiquity.- r ( 195 ) tiquity, amd other fancies of man, mult be all laid afide ; and the mo8 fimple and clear perceptions will fetve for a true reformation of Piilo-- fophy. In confequence whereof, The Author faith, thac the fitt thing whichis known tous, is the Cenfeience which we have of thinking, or that we Kxow that we have any thoughts : which he beleiveth to be the moft exast Character of aSoul; fo chat che fame rather fhould be defcribed or called ipfa cogitatio, theu res cogitans : for this cogitatio or A& of thinking, he faith, to bethe fame thing with the exiftence of the Soul; which cannot be demonfiraced to another, though every one by himfelf is convinced, that he thinkerh, or hath anewxiffence. For this Propofition, egs cogito, / think, being a particular one, is more cere tain chan that general notion,Ommne cogitans eff vel exiffits and foit needs not any farther explication, Quid fit exiftere five cogitare, — Afterwards Aric, 13 he inquireth, How this A& of thinking becometh to be fo continual, as that no fpace of time can interrupt the feries of thoaghts. The caufe of which, he deriveth firtt from God, as the only Principle of all Berg 5; and then from the Nature and Effence of the Sou, which is kept by fuch a divine vertue in continual attivity: when all the varia- | tions which arife about the thorghts of man, are nothing but Medifica- tions of oneand the fame Effence ; fo thata thing that once doth really -éXifl, can never be brought to nothing again; the death or, deftrugtion of a thing being only a bate name, fignifying nothing but a diffolution of things that formerly were mixed arid tyed together 3 asd by chis the Variety of modifications or thoughts do fuppofe and require always the conference of thinking, which is properly the Effence of the Soul, lafting forever. Artic. 14 and the following, He inquireth about the difference of thoughts, and why ose thought is to be accounted to be better than ano- ther; Where he fheweth, that the prerogative or excellency of one a- bove another is derived fromthe nobility of the objeft that is concerned in the thoughts : and whereas the fame cannot be multiplied,. he thinks . irevident, that the Whole Sy(fem of thoughts is only a continuation of the fame fubltance, varioufly modified, according to thofe things that are within, and withour,or aboutus. Andin the fame manner as‘our thoughts do prove our exiftence fo there are certain rbougbts; which do con- firm that there ate things above us,or. more perfe& then we can fancy out felves to be, Amoneft w*^ is chat thought or idea of an Infinite Being wc8 convinceth us, that there needs muft be a God ; becaufe no body being able to give or produce that in himfelf, which is beyond his reach, this Idea Infimti doth argue fome higher Principle, of an infinite power. By fuch and the like Arguments after the Cartefian way, he goes on to demionftrate the Proprieties and Attributes of God, till drtic. 19 he .. comes to prove the exiffence of afenfible body, for we find that tothe di- “section of our Senfes we meet with fuch and fuch thoughts, fo chat again{t aur wil] fometimes ‘things are prefented to us, which we cannot leave, _ but are forced to thinkon; which proveth both the Z»ies of our Sox! ei EORR ; E ! 1 Ub nod s o C MR | the Body, as the exiffence of this fez[ible World:for according 48 our Senfes . are altered by the prefence or difpofition of che Objetts, fo differently . do we find that we have thoughts, ciat are related to them s fo that our perceptions cannot be continual dreams, but muft really anfwer the im. .preffion made by the object. Buc making farther an abítra&ion of all fez/i- ble bodies he findeth Artic. 20 that extenfion is as crue a Character of rhem, as the Att of. thinking is of the Soul: out of which extenfion, with fome Principles of. Natural notions, he is confident chat all che Phenomena in Nature may be deduced and explained. And becaufe it is very hard to give a rational account,how thefe two Subftances Soul and Body, differing fo much one ftom another, maybe joyned together ,he talks, Art.23,0f feve- val degrees, by which this Anion is tobe facilitated ; propoling a perfec harmony betwixt che variety of parts continually moved in the body, and the perception altered by fuch relationsin the Soul. Which Mechanical Analogy he declareth from 24rt.2 9 to the end of the Book ; fhewing how - "Refpiration and Atttaction of the Air, The Nourifhment of the body by — Eatingand Drinking, The Digeftion, Fermentation,Sanguification,Circue . lation of the blood be the caufes of all Difeafes and Sicknefles;as Feaver, Apoplexy, Confumption, Pleurifies, and other Infirmities are produced ; and how the astmal Spirits are generated tn che Braiz, and afterwards through the whole body difperfed,do ferve for the perfe& Occonomy of the Body,and in all Paffions of the Soul, Amongft all thefe explicati- ons,the Author fometimes does corre& che errors and miftakes of other — Phyficians , efpecially about the generation ex femine ovo, For the ‘reft, che whole book feemech co be a meer explication of Des-Carres his “Opinions. - o oY ido dre idutehda as ENS DE I$2. haa3.or the 1,28, tranflated. |. P. 164.1. Y4. tobipo, | P. (68.38: evil, P, 373.1, 35. (4). PB. 176.1.9.ftnated. P,178, 118. Pupils. P. 17901. 1. Hypotbefs. P.izgsle32 yf Pe 188.1, LHe Spetiés, .P.190,l, 35» Succeeds, = te ‘bod er dp MO PPO RD ; str ocn Printed by. LEONARD LICHFIELD: Printer tothe Univerfitys and aretobe fold by Hen. Rogers ..., atthe Sign of the Bille in Weflminfter Fall, and conc Sam, Smith at the Princes: Armsin - onüso si dico su dto Paus. GAMERA he; 5s ord] t END 6 8 ge . Y ' 5 B DS arma YS Nie a S Philofoph. Jranjact. Ofmb: sao. Fo: 2 O ( 197 ) Numb. Y48 PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. June 10, 1683.- | The CONTENTS. X An Abftratt of a Letter from Mr.Anthony Leewenhoeck of Delft zo Mr. R.H. concerning the appearances of feve-- ral Woods end thei Veflels as obferved in a Microtcope. _2 A Theory of the Variation of the Magnetical Compafs . ‘by the moft Ingenious Mr, Edmund Halley Fellow of the Royal Society. 3. 4 Account of a Book,viz. Wilhelmi ten Rhyne M. D. &c. ‘Franfifalano-Daventrienfis » defferta. 4o de ATHRITIDE. Mantifla Schematica: de ACVPVNCTV R.A. Et Orationes tres. y. De Chymie & Botanice antequitate 6 dignitate. 2, De Phyfiognomia. 3. De Monftris. Londini zz 8°, 1683, An Abfivat of a Letter fron Mr. Antho- ny Leewenhoeck of Delft to Mr. R. H. concerning the appearances of feveral Woods, and their Veffels. ‘The Preface tothe Letter. I am not ignorant that the prefent fubjeCt has been learn- edly treated of, by the judicious Adalpghusand Dr. bs Dd : N. Grew : MU . C198: ) N. Grew; I have ventured notwithftanding toreprefent tlie Veffels in Wood after fuch manner as they. offer'd themfelves tome. B. C. D. Fig. 1.is a part of thecircum- ference of an Oak or Afh Tree &c. being of 18 years growth and therefore having 18 Rings for every year one, that which is made the laft year being alwayesthe greateft, tho not alwaies proportionably great, bur according-as-the year is more or lefs. fruitful. a 4 The pieces defcribed in my following Figures are. fuch as * E in the 15**-Ring,and fometimes not fo big : yer from fuch a part I doubt. not but the Conftitution of the whole Tree may füfficiently be underftood. When a Tree is fawed a-crofs, and afterwards plaind . very fmooth, wefeelines asit were drawn from the Cen- ter A. and reaching to the Gircumference. B. thefe are Veflels which carry the Sap to the Bark; as by.the. ad- joyned Figures will appear. - " | The LETT ER... MY laft to: you. was ofthe 20'* of November, wherein I. acquinted you of my thoughts of the Stone,Gravel, . and Gout ; which I hcpe you have received. You re- commend to me in yours of the 17:5 of Cétober, toexamin . fruitful and unfruitful Eggs. I have examined the Spots © of feveral Eggs, but have found nothing notable therein, I will endeavourto know whether the Egg be fruitful be^ . fore examin. ite. | 2 eet a The fame noted by Dr. Grew Anatomy of Trunks P. 24. — * Note tbe Figures as they are bere graved .are uot fo big as thofe defigned by the Authour being fometimes -bat $ (or other part) of their length, and fo muft be [upon - poled net toreach from Ring to Ring as E. i "a b The fane which Dr. Grew calls the Infertions, Anatomy of Plants begun,Chapere i And Diametral Rays, Apapomy of Tr.'p. 205 $05 Obs | The. 8 n. P ' MN 47€ 199 7 : : The Grafshoppers hereabout are fmall and few, a- bout the length of the Nail of ones hand: poffibly in your --Gountry theyjare more and greater, : — :We are very fhy here of cutting openbodies, even of thofe that are deadin the Hofpital: fo tharI have no op- portunity of knowing whetherthe Chalky matter be in the "Weinsorno. =~ | Ü n: | Efend you herewith fome Obfervations of Wood. Fig. 2. A B C D thews a piece of Oak, which obferved in a.Microfcope was thus drawn from a piece of Wood as big as H. : -B BOE E wherethe brown ftroaks appear, are the. Separations of the growth. of one year. For when the — growthdoth ftop, the Wood becomes firm, and thick ; and is fupplied with many {mall Veffels, fuch as are hardly | to be diftinguifhed, and therefore appear as brown Rays or fireaks. betweenthefaid F V. F F is comprehended that thicknefs of Wood which has been added to the Cire " cumference ofa Tree by a years growth. The Wood hath five c forts of Veffels, vix. Three forts.going upwards, two lying Horizontally. E E E denotelarge afcending Vellels made every year inthe Wood inthe Spring, when it begins to grow. Thefe are filled within with {mall "Bladders, which have very thin Skins, here expreffed in one of thegreater Veflels, cutlong ways in thethird Fi- cure by IK L Mj | 1 The fecond fort of rifing Veffels are much fmaller; which _ alfo are made of very thin Skins, and are alfo fpeck't with parts which by a common Microfcope appear like Globu- les, as Fig. 4. O N where one of the faid Veffels is cut long- ways) € See a Figure of the [ame wood with all the [amefive parts, ia Dr. Grew’s Anat. of Plants begun. ‘And the Partitions of the Great Horizontal Parts, bereafter mens tioned, fee ia bis Anat. of Roots, Tab. 7. ML | Sealed SN d 2 "ow The | | C 200 ) The third fort of rifing Veffels are very fmall and in: great number, being made alfo of very thin Skins, as Fig. 4. PQ, where they aredrawn longways. All thefe afcending Veffels in the aforefaid piece of Wood, whichis about 2, of a Square Inch, areI guefsa- - bout 20000. Veffels, Hence in an Oak Tree of four foot Diameter are 3200 Millions of alcending Veffels,. and in one of x foor, there are 200 Millions of Veffels. - If we. . fuppofe ro of thefe great and {mall Veffels in a day to carry. up drop of Water, and that 100 of thefe drops make one Cubick Inch, there will be 200000 Cubick Inches. Thefe Inches reduced to feet, amount to full 115 Cubick feer of. Rihinland meafure ; of 12 Inchestothe foot 5 and one Cu- bick foot weighing 65 lib. of our Delph water. the whole will amount to 7475 lib. or 14 Bordeaux Hogfíheads of. water, which a Tree of one foot Diameter in one day can. bringup. Whereby it appears, that how fmall foever. the Quantity of water is which a Pipe or Veffel may be. fuppofed to carry up. yer ifallthe Veffels were imployed ; tothatufe, how much the Total would amount to. But I: conceive that feveral of rhefe Veffels convey ofthe fame. moifture downwards again to the Root; andfo caufe a Cir. culation: as] have formerly faid.. | . Thefe forementioned uprifing Veffels empty conftantly. . their Sap into an incredible number of Veffels, which lye Horizontally in the body ofthe Tree, to-caufe a continual growth in thicknefs. Eig. 2. GGG area fort of Veffels. which run. Horizontal, beginning from the Pith of the Tree, but afterwards in great numbers taking their rife f.om the afcending Veffels. Thefe Veffels appeared to. me like dark ftreaks rnnning crooked, and winding for the : moft part along the fides of the great Vefiels...- To obferve- thefe Veffels better, I caufed the Wood to becut in length in fuch manner that [ came to divide the faid: Veffels a-crofs - very neatly. The'fame Vefsels lye not above 5, 6, or7 one 3 * P7 ur SE Ms Dom om RA INIT ee T9 2 RS N kd in od opa: AN , = | ( 201: ) one above anothers. as they are here drawn between-the up-. rifing Vefsels P QON. Fig. — | . 'Thefecond fore of Horizontal Vefsels which lye in great numbers together. but in fome places much more then o- thers, are defcribed Fig. 2. A Bor C D: but when we cut. the Wood in pieces longways, and thereby cut crofs thefe. Vefsels, then they appearto our naked Eyeas Fig. 5.R S. Ihave alfo. drawn the fame in many places at their length; with crooked Partitions, * which I judged to be Valves thol have not been able to fee them ahwaysfo clearly as -they are here exprefsed, buc after I had found them fome times, I concluded. them to be generally fo, both becaufe I have feen them in Elm Wood; asalfo that I concluded" Without thefe Valves it were impoffible the Tree fhould increafe in thicknefs, becaufe ofthe force that is necefsary not only to * feparate the Barkin theSpring from the wood, and keep-it locfes but alfo to cleave and openthe Bark all the time the Tree is growing; and thereby make place for its increafe in thicknefs. Now ifthere were none of thefe Valves, then the Sap which wasimpelled by the heat. of the Sun againft the Bark, with the fetting of the Sun (whenI conceive the Sap ceafes * to rife) would fall back again, and caufe alabour in vain, In this {mall piece of Wood Fig. 4. T, V. (defcribed by a magnifying Glafs. which augmenteth more thenthat by which the Uprifing Veffels are drawn, that fo the Vefsels might appear more diftin&) there are more then 2c00 Velsels, each of which if ir be allowed but 4 of a Grain of force in thé protruding - ..d Sig. Malpighi. and Dr. Grew do both make thefe Partitions to be the Termina- tions of the bladders of which thefe Radiated parts confit, and not Valv’s. See the. foremention*d Anatomy of Tr, Fig. 21. p. 21, 22. and Anat. of Roots, Tab, 7. € Dr. Crew thinks that the Bark is never feparated from the wood. See Anata OF Tr. p. 52. Gre. | £ Yat Vines and other Plants do bleed day and night. : | AGS (Dmm ( 202 ) ‘its moifture, the forcejall chefe Horizontal Vefsels togéther muft ufe towards the feparation of the Bark from the Wood, will appear by this Calculation. Suppofe then that Fig. 4. is 55; ofa Square Inch, and that in the whole piece are bur 2000 Vefsels, which make in a Square Inch 3400000 Vefsels, that is 250000 Grains this number ‘divided by 10240, which is as many Grains asmakea . Pound, makes full 34 Pound, for the force which the ~ Veíselsinfo {mall a piece of Wood cometo exercife upon the Bark. When we examin the Bark thus torn from the . Tree, we fhall fee the Uprifing Vefsels of which the Bark is for the moft part conftituted, and which from the firit formation went up {treights and were placed regularly one by another, now in fome places lye wide from one anothers and in fomeclofer, but this is not the Natural Conftitution. We know that there is great difference between Oak wood growing in high,and low grounds or in cold,or warmer Countries; or of flow or quick growth: but this piece here érawn was a;clofe good wood, and therewith of a full growth, When we cut any wood through, in itslength, fo that the cutting of the Knife cleaves the Horizontal Veflels afünder, it will feldom happen that the cutting of the Knife will handfomely cleave the vefsels: Bur the Knife for the :moft part cuts the Rifing and Horizontal vefsels a- — flants which caufeth a falfe appearance, as ifthe Rifing and Horizontal vefsels were knit one into * another.as Lin- nen or Bafker- work: | and to-cut the Horizontal vefsels . crofs, we -muft conceive the firft time, that the Knife is gone through the Center of the Tree or Bough, and the fecond time that the Knife is drawn parallel wt the firft cut. In Figure Sixth ABCD is reprefented a piece of - Elm- wood (which ta the naked Eye isas big as Figure E.) and is what this Tree increafed in one year in thicknefs. ,..£ Dr. Grew aad Malpighi do both veprefent them interwoven, he Saud cene (0A E | «05 ) i sr D and B C fhow the ceafing ofthe growth in the ye:rs - end? ^- e | : phe fmill Rifing vefsels which lye together between the great vefsels; are in this wood fimaller then in Oak, and therewithal each Pipe confifts ofa thicker Film, then the Pipes of the Oak do, | j A Band C D fhew the Horizontal vefsels ar full length. Fig.7 FF FF fhew the Horizontal Veffels cut a-crofs ; thofe of them which lye but few together, 1 conceive to be Veffels lately proceeding out of the rifeing Veffels: - whereas on the contrary the other Veffels which lye ma- . ny together , have fubfifted many years, and are as ma- . ny in number as they everwill be. GGGG. fhew the Imall rifeing Veffels at length. 2m HH Shews one of the greatrifeing Veffels in length , cut crofs in the midft ; yet when we obferve the fame inore exactly we feethat they confift of very thin Films, befet with Helical Threds, exhibiting obfcure fpots upon the hoopsorbowsasFig.3. | TUN NN end _ Among thefe Trees there are feveral which upon tap- ping yieldaSap. This Sap I have feveral times» and fe- veral years obferved, and taken notice- init of'divers fmal] Animals, which i could not imagine fhould have come out - of the Wood, but rather that they might have come from rain-water or Dew. | | | . Figure: 8; ABC D. is a piece of Beech (as big as Fig. Fto the naked Eye) the thicknefsot one years growth, wherein one may plainly feeat A D or7B C the beginning and end of the years growth. In this Wood there are re- feprefented two forts of rifeing vefsels. wz. greater and fmaller ; and t imagine that there are alfo two forts of Ho- rizontal Vefsels. which are very fmall: one of which va. EEE lyesburi, 4 Or moretogether, as Fig. g. which fhows tnofe Vellels cut through and marked by H- D n397 c910colo9 ntghé -"Dfrom G aüdaremarked out in their length by D C: thefe ( 204 J “The 24 fort; which lye far afunder, às in proportion - Veffels are likewife very fmall, and acccrdingly the rife- -ing Vefsels lye very clofe one to another, they are likewife cut afunder overthwart as Fig. 9, I, I. KKK Are the great rifeing vefsels cut afunder long- wales: which! generally obferved to be befer with {mall ‘parts, that through a Common Magnifying Glafs feemed to be Globules. | Fig. 1o, ABC D. Reprefents a little piece of Wil- - low wood, as big to the naked EyeasFig.F. thefame con- fifts alfo of two forts of rifeing Vefsels, fmalland great , the great ones befer with little parts, feeming -Globules. In the famel faw bending lines which hetetofore [ imagined to have been valves, as is reprefented Fig, 11, in one ofthe fame riféing vefsels marked by G. Thefe {mall rifeing Vef- - . fels have’ cxceeding thin Films , which twas impoffible for me to delineate with red Chalk, fo finely as was requi- E fite. Ir this Wood I fiw but onefort of Horizontal veísels "marked Fig. 10. by E E E. Thefevefsels are but few in comparifon of the Horizontal vefsels, which [hitherto have | -obferved in other Woods. The fame are not far extended inlength, and for breadth they lie fingle. Fig. rr. HH H. the fame vefsels cut a-thwart are repre: — dented between therifeing vefsels being at their length, In one of the great rifeing vefsels fig. 11, G G. I likewife Íhewed that they arebefet with little parts feeming Glo- " bules, but they are exceeding fmall. Fiz...12. s zt. piece. of Alder-wood the breadth whereofis about tbe bignefs of the briftle ofa Hog, tothe — naked Eye. It confifts likewife of two forts of rifeing velsels; whereof the (malleft confifts of exceeding thin films, and the greateft fort of ‘films befet with little parts extreamly fmall, to which you can give no other names then Globules, between — ^. longwaies. Bl . (6205.2 — "Between À B.and C D. is theincreafe of the Tree ina (Years CIBO 3/4 cuia ! | | |. "EEEE, Arethe veísels which run Horizontal. Fig.13. FF Arethe great rifeing vefsels cut. through —HH Ate the {mall rifeing vefsels. GG The Horizontal velSels cuta-crofs | : Fig. :4. ABCD EF is. a little piece of black Mag. "ius Ebeny Wood, exhibited bya Microfcope magni~ ‘fying more then any oftheformer, becaufe thele vefsels could not well be obferved by the Ordinary Glaífses , and this little piece of wood wherein are fhewn about r1o05 - rifeing vefsels , is no bigger than tobe covered by an Ordi- Mary grain of Sand. | TU à purpofed at firft to have drawn this Wood more at large, having intended to have fhewn its decreafe in the latter. end of the year. and increafe ac the beginning of the year orSpring: But in my attempting 1 found.that my la» ‘bor would be fruftrated, becaule that wood grows ina "Climate whére ic increafes always: for the Ifland Mazrzr- - wsliesina few degrees North of the Tropick of Capricorn, In this wood Iam perfwaded there are four forts of rifeing "Veffels. ie | GGG Aregreat rifeing Véfsels, whereof fome appear to have contained a fluid matter, which in drying feems to have clofed them together in feveral places , as fig.15, Hr . Where one of the Vefsels is plainly exhibited at length. —. "Fig. 16 Islikewife one of the greater velsels (magnified more by-a yet greater Glafs) which was much.more perfpi- *€uous than the formersbefet alfo with exceeding final! parts - —— The 2? fort of rifeing vefsels which are placed generally between the Horizontal vefsels ABC and H H are like- . "Wifein many places partly filled with black matter, ‘The 3¢fort of rifeing vefsels which follow the Circum- ‘ference of theTree are BandC. DE d peg : Ee The jid ( 205 ) | The gh fort of rifing vefsels are thofe which go Check- er-wife btween the great rifing vefsels. Thefe velselsare. of a firm Wood, in proportion to the vefsels of other Wood; for the fmall round which is placed in the white is only the opennefs of every rifing vefsel; andthe white wherein the round is placed is the wood that. formeth the vefsel ; and thefe vefsels arefo clofe and firm joyned to one another, that they feem tobe but one; as if we fhould im:gine that fimall holes were bored regularly. in firm wood. n | Fig. 15. KKK. are the Horizontal vefsels cut. crofs through: of which I have reprefented two in their lengrh;. fig. 14. A BC. and AH. | endi | Fig 15.L L are finall rifing vefsels in their length cut one. from another. “is Fig. 17. Isa piece of Palm wood, drawn by the fame; Magnifying Glafs that the Mauritius Ebony wood was. This Wood tho I examined a great deal of it; I could find little difference in the feveral parts s. and therefore have here contented my felf with defcribing a fmaller portion. It confifts (for ought Icanfind) of two forts of acending vefsels: vz.Great vefsels, and {maller vefsels lying amongít thegreat. The great Veffels confift alfo of Skins being befet with fmal] nfeing particles., as in fig. 18. where the Veffels are opened longwaies; and reprefented by E E E E. The fmall Veffels have their cavities very like thofe of the {mall veffels in Mauritius Ebony: Wood; andare de- {cribed cut thé longwaies in fig. 18. FF... fc NN AB or C-D.are the Horizontal Vefsels which in their. length fhew themfelves thus ; but being cut overthwart, areas G Ginfig. 18. | AES RES "dra —- Fig: 19. ABCD EF, Is.a defcription of ja very — {mall piece of-Straw cut crofs, in which thepart ofthe — | Circumference (A F) may be difcerned how great itis... — ABEF Is the rind-of the Straw, which to ottward Ap- | ; ed aa Pear (€ 207 ) pearance is fmooth and fhineing : tho for the moft part ‘tis made of extream fmall vefsels, and of fome greater, which JN have reprefented as near as poffible. | GG GG Arethe Zeffels of which the innermoft parts of the Straw are made; thefe vefsels are 4, 5. and 6. (ided according as they come to fit themfelves. | HHH Are vefsels which run in between the forementi- oned vefsels and are befer round with fmall vefsels. In thefe vefsels I have feen the fap fink down fuddenly atthe _ time of the growing of the Straw , whenat the fame time ifaw the Sap rife up inthe veffels GG, which Sap was made moft of Globules; and when the Globules came to país the valves where the vefsels were narroweft;; chefe Globules then changed into the form of Cones, till they obtained a larger Room, and then they retoek their former Globoufnefs TN : Fig. 20. are the rifeing veffelsdefcribed in theirlengih, being the fame with thefe reprefented fig. 19. G G. IlÍI. Are the places where thefe Valves are, and where the veflels are narroweft. aay | : 1 - Ihave in mine of the 23 of 4pril mentioned the great number of fmall creatures in the Melt of aCod or Peke. 1 have profecuted my fpeculation , and obferved the Melt cf a Perchs alfo of a Breem andaVooren, as alfo of a 'Tencb, at the time when they caft their Seed: and have fcen in the, fame an incredible number offmall Animals, as }men- - tionedin my former. But becaufe the forementioned fifh- es do not fhoot their Seed at once; I have not been able tó compare them togetherthat I might if poffible have difco- vered whether there were any difference in their fhape or bignefs: but fo. far asI could remember , I conceive there — iWaS.nodifference. And ifany perfoms are inclined to make thefame.obfervations, they muft be fure to take the time when the faid fifhes fhoot their Seed: for at that time the Melt, whichis ready to come out, is thin and watery ; and | : .E 2 e then 3 (268 ) chen thefe animals in it hive longeft.and move very briskly: whereas.on the contrary the Melt being not: full ripe.) we. _ mutt with force prefs it oucof the Fifh’, and Ee tis diffi. | cult to fee theft Animalcules alive, | ef Theonpof ality V arintion iof Ae MARE netical COMPASS, by Mr. Ed. of Fei Áneef the Eo J. Sos "| Be. Variation of tlie Cannan (by which t mean thé- deflection of the: Magnetical Needle from ‘the true. Meridian) is of that great "concernmeut in the Artof Na- vigation: that the negle& thereof, doeslitdle lefs than: render ufelefs one of the nobleft Inventions mankind ever - yet attained to. ‘And for this caufe all Ships of Confer T quence (efpecially thofe bound beyond the Equator ) care. ry with them Inftruments on purpofe to obferve this Vari- ation: that fo the courfe fteared by the Compafs , may be - reduced to the tne | 'courfe in refpect ofthe Meridian. ^ E tility that a perfect. knowledge of netical diréction would afford to | mankind in. : general, and efpecially' to chofe concernéd - in - Sea affairs; di. a | fufficent incitement to all Philofophical - andMathematical heads,to take under ferious confideration the feveral Phenomena , and to endeavour to reconcile - UAE y C go8 yt : by fome general rule: yet foiris s that almoft all the Au- thors, from whome a diícourfe ofthis kind ought to have been expected, país by in filence the difficulties they here encounter. And thofe tchat mention this Variation: by affirming it to proceed from. caufes altogether uncertain (as arethe cafaal lying of Iron mines and, Loadfton es in in the Earth ) puta ftop to all further contemplation; and give difcouragement to thofe that would otherwife under- take this Enquiry. Tistruethat not long ,fince one Mr. Bond, an old Teacher of Navigation, put fortha fmall V'reatife wheréin hé pretends to calculate the Variation : but he limits his Hypothefis to the City of London; jaffirm= ing himfelf (as he had a great deal of reafon, ) that the fame Calculus is not fufficient for other place$; wherebyitiape.: pears that his rule is far fhort ofthe fo much defired gene» ralone. | - BOO E aT j 1 Now althofthroush want of füfficient obfervations and :.-- Tome other difficulties which 1 fhall anon ffiew) I cannot . pretend perfectly to: eftablifh the numbers and rules ofa - Calculus which fhall precifely anfwer.to the Variationsofall . . parts of the World ;. yet {fuppofe it will not be unaccepta- - ble to the curious, to propofe fomething of alightinto — this abftrufe myftery ; which, if no other, may havethis - Good effec, to ftir up the Philofophical Ge ofthe age ^ £o apply themfelves more attentively to this üfefüt fpecüs ^io “dation. Rut beforé Eproeceed 5 “twill beneceflarytolay.,...... sown the ziondi upor which Eraifé my Conctutions sand at Once to give a $ymopfis of thofe Variations which Ihave ~~ met P" »Onsotpérons of good fkill and ntéprity. —— —-— — re E M Lc ee MD tei x Vae (Y Ad VY ow í x ee ERE! CED yx - r » ? d v * L: . o5 C mu St eH ?w a P 5 $ » " va Y Me , 5 D 9 ] - H c fy 1 —— ieee v , i - & t e A § y 2th [ iY t A b ' E EN : i A "* xs 4 e : The Ox eet € ) é CI | U v ^ C5 de ATO S er " a LEN é I A 5M a j vv Gt af. URS OC & 4 1 ve emm reafon ©) 105k upon as fare , being moftly the obfetvati-- b s — — " " ; * - A^ E , 8 s01L5 Piomnle 35 (mo) Sigg fea | ? er : TÉ * y HE L. 1 QE o NU ' * ja n T" ( , d e ! : € ! ; rs ig? Co nai / "^ mo did olany hm A « ki * wea á y Ma 4 . t ) à + WH ok E MWEUITTIDM 2 x . st L , * ; “, ri i i j ; E Ez SF à lI tb dt Bd ah "d » £n Cee wo BS 4} TP. q à UU 1l 4I dS AG ‘ P , & IE. i. : d H Á d [i - m» FAM j "Pr NN a ie He " Ph, 8 ‘ony rd . co OVARIATIONS. C Í ; * Ba sin om 4 ü , E = ¥ . "T J ; a 6 ] - » CO por gu y Dom, Variation Obferved. ° A? 15 A | Latitude, “Names of Places,; — | Eesgitude, | 1580 .: 1622 1672 - 1683 1640 1666 | X681 | 1672 Lodo 09. L 6 4 § 2: 30 4. 30 3 o Zz 2 J : co Parise p eich: : epar 1922] r D, nid 8 Shay 3 - s : 3 ^1 ty H "y * Py nm: be Iu Af m : ee a JpoheeE T's. ML a ) i3 i 24M 4. Copenhagen > |. ds 53, P ; QN [ra Dantzickie————— ies ead Ne: Mom elicere — ?TT. " 45 /ZIV TT: 4 H X1 (15 J ire aU ge ag WY a 2g NN ieee ete ee, Le Muss sas Rie ED RARE? T i$ 9. : TM. ue PLANET i a 41.20: N^ d z^ gt ooN 61 OO Ne 7909 N - LU ‘Bayonne comm " 1.7 11.20W 7 Hudfons Bay ——-| 79-40 W An Badfons Sceaights————— 57.00 W "In Baffíss Bay at Sit Thomas 7 ..8o, 00 W Smithy Sound ia ei , j ~~ C air) lames of Places, ——- Longitude. 4 Latitude, Arno , Variation, i ) re) ! Q Denm | 9' l At Sea = Seemed Reems 59 o-* W. 28 | 40 N 1682 $T 30 De At Sea ——— = | 3t 39 W.|] 43 *$0 NG, 1682 .[5:, 30. 77 At Sea quo rre rema 42-0 - W. 21^" O0 Nt 1678 9 40 E. Cape St. Auguftine of Brazile 351230, oWatii 82710. 08 1670, {5 ; 30. E. Cape Frio 4i 10 W.] 22 40S: 1670 12° 10. K DM Se off of A LE of chet River of Plate 93 6959) 89! om 2 (| 1620 a ,39 ^ E* Atthe Eaft Entrance of Magel- Y. W. lan Straits H ae T. AKT 157? 7 EE At the Weft Entrance of the oo MW. S 620 he Magellaa Straits i y 13 Po See Io Fo Baldivia à | 73 00 W 49 O00 Se ee 1670 dlo I At Cape d’ Agulbas———.-——— (16 30 E. 34- $o Su wp EDO ; | oo. W. ‘ " d TT | we 1675 ' o0 We AM nonu Sd 017 X n o.E. 134. 30 Se 1675 ^ o ge ——— 120 OC Wal 34- 9v S; 1675 so E. t Sea- E-ooigx om Asa io; 5. 1675 20. E E ——————— —— — NE | Ac St Helena - ~——— {6 30 Ww. 136 o .S, 1677 o E. | Ac Afcenfion ——— ——— | 14.30 7. 3 so S. 1678 se E. | At Johanna ———— |44. coo E. [i2 x5. S. 1675 19 30 W, | At Mombafa ae 40 4997 BL. 43: 200 Ss 1675 16 10 MW. At Zocatra - Gu GORE eh 56 oo E. [12 30 M 1674 |17 00. W At Aden, atche mouth of the | | p | 1 - Red. Td ; ? 47 30 E. 13 00 N. 1674 | 1$ oo JW. An Bipgh. Rie sa 61,0. E. | 0° $& 1676 [20-30 7, At Sea uen NO hat LY 64 39 E 94103. E fi 1676. Jorg 30 WwW At Sea- ——— —— 55 0 .E. 1239 o. S. * 1676 b24 00 pw, e —————— dz» 30 E. |19..0. N.| 3626; 12500 7A Ar Cape Comorin ———— ————7 76 co. B. 48. Fe N. 1680 848 "V. A: Ballafove (|397. e? E. jar 30 Ny | 31685. |8 -20 W Ar Fort St. George —— |80 oo E. |1; ay N. 1680 .|8:: 30 We . Ar the Welt Point of TUE , 1ji1e4 0 —E, ]6..40 S. ||. 4636; |. | 10 97. Ac the Ifle of St. Panl- 725 0. E. | 38.0, 1S: 1675 | 23:130. At Van Diemens Land-: | 14zo0 E |4z- 2$ $i. QUAL, oed Ac New Zealand —|:17094 E.|4o.4o $-| 31364 - |9 o E At Three Kings fici in Naw: ? 16230 E ia Zealand EN ae Ac ds pa feteituws in the. | 184 00 Bf 20) 155) DERI. en the Coat of. New=Guines at the Wei point of New- Guigea 149,002 E |4 1300S. d x63. : At Sea. CS pA CEOS E o0. E. 139 o9 $$, ] 1677 ik 2p 30 We. =| wos o ^ 26. Ser" .1641. 3 | qd 2157 z had "Tho E could with we could obtain from che Spaniards —( zc UNA. sn bod sl | | —7 — hit in all ia the variation at this time is Weft. e €d- AW. e" E a eT = & e m" M o oct this coaft the Variation-diminifhes.. From - «the | cot it is about the Eaftermoft of the Tercera I/- C da e, | MI - "à. That at the Eaftward of Beafile ptoperly focalleds - ^H T SJ e at St. Helena and. Afcenfion, and to be quite gone andthe . Compafs point trueabout 18 degrees of Longitude Weft from the Cape of Good. hope. gs: That to the Eaftward ofthe aforefaid places a Weft- ward Vatiation begins , which reigns inthe whole Jnaz an Sea, and arifes to no lefs than Eighteen degrees under the Equator it felf, abont the Meridian ot the Nor- thern part of Madagafcar; and near the fame Meridian but in 39. degrees South Lat. it is found full 27 4 degrees: from thence Eafterly the Weft Variation decreafes, fo as to be but little more than Eight degrees at Cape Comorin , and than Three degrees upon the Coaít of Java ; andto be quite extinct about the Molucca Z/lands , as alfoa little to the Weftwards of Van Diemens Land found out by the Dutchin 1642. — — " 6. Thatto the Eaftward of the Molucca’s and Van- Di- «mens Land in South Latitude there arifes another eafterly Variation, which feems not fo great asthe former nor of fo large extent 5 for that ar the Ifland Rotterdam it is fentib = ly les than upon the Eaft Coaft iof New Guineas and, atthe rate it decreafes , itmay- well be fuppofed thata- bout 20 degreesfarther Eaft, or 225 degrees Eaft Lon- eitude from London , in the Latitude of 20 degrees South, a Welterly Variation begins. 7. That the Variations obferved by the Honourable Sr. John Norborough at Baldivia and at the Weft entrance of the ffrazebrs of Magellan do plainly fhew:that that EaftVari- ation noted in our third remark is decreafeing apace ; and that it cannot reafonably extend many degrees into the South Sea from the Coaft of Peru and Chik, leaving room - for a {mall Wefterly Variation, in shat tract of the un- * ata EP . known en eL AREE v known World that lies in themidway between Chik and New- Zealand,and between Founds-Ifland and Terz, 8. That in failing North-weft from St. Helena by A/- -cenfion-as far as the Equator the Variation continues ve- - ry {mall Eaft, andas it were conftantly the fame: fo that inthis part of the World the Courfe, wherein there is no Variation , is evidently no Meridian; but rather North- welt reat | g. That the entrance of. Hudjons ftraights and the . Mouth of the River of Plate. being nearly under the fame “Meridian, atthe one place the Needle varies 29: degrees . to the We/r; atthe other 20 degrees to the Aaff. This plainly demonftrates the impoffibility of reconcileing: thefe Variations by the Theory of Bond : which w by iwo -Magnetical Poles and an Axwynclined to the Axis of theEarth 5 from whence it would follow, that wader the [ame Meridian the Variation fpould be in all places the fame may. - Thefe things being premifed may ferve a$a fure fonn-.- dation to raife the fuperftructure of a Theory upon. But firft it would not be amifs to fhew hereby the miftake of- Gilbert and Des Cartes: The firft whereof fuppofes: that the Earth it (elf. being in all its parts Magnetical ; and the Water - not ; wherefoever the Landis, thither alfo Joould. the Needle. turn, as tothe greater quantity of Magnetical matter. But — this in many inftances is not true s but moft remarkably. upon the Coaft of Brafle: where the Needle is fo far from beingattracted by the Land, thatit turns the quite con- - trary way» leaveing the Meridiantolye N B E, whichis — — juft along the Coaft, Asto the pofition of Des Cartes, that the Iron and Load[tones bid in the Bowels of the Earth and the . Bottom of the Sea maybe the Caufes that the Needle varies 5 - It we confider for how great a part of the Earths furface | ! ; 2:94 - Sd aM ^ LL i qq So tl at TR E, RN IE S TT VEN JI AN NEN X A exgr. in the wholeIndianSea, the Needie declines the fame way»and that regularly : twill follow that the attra&t- ing Subítance that occafions it. muft be very far diftant.Now ‘by Experience we find the little force that Iron Guns have - upon the Compafs in fhips (their vertue, tho they be demi- ^ culverin , or greater Cannon , being nor perceptible at our or Five yards diftance ) and the Experiments now - "before the Royal Society do plainly thew, how little a Mag- netifm there isin moft crude Iron Ores: what quantity thereof muft be then fuppofed to make fo powerfull a diverfion at Two or Three Thouíand miles diftance ¢ Yer I cannot deny that infome places near the fhore, or in fhoal water, the Needle may be irregularly directed from the aforefaid caules, and that nota litile , as Gaffendus gives anotable inftance of the Ifland £/ba in the Mediter- yanean Sea: but thefe differences from the general Dire- -&ion are always figns of the nearnefs of thofe Magneucal fubftances, for the production whereof that Hland Luba has been famous from all antiquity. Befides, againft both Des Cartes and Gilbert, the change of the Variation, which has been within this Hundred year laft paft more than 15 gr. at London, is an entire Demonitration: tho Des. Cartes does not ftick to fay. that the tranfportarion of Iron from place ro place, and the growth of new Iron within the “Earth, where there was none before, may be the caule ‘thereof. The fame holds likewife againft the Hypothesis of Magnetical Fobres» which Kercher maintains, — Now to propofe fomething that may anfwer the feveral appearances, and introduce nothing ftrange in Philofc- Py , after a great many clofe thoughts , [can come to no ore rconclufionthanthat, The whole Globe of the Earth as one great Magnet, having Four Magnetical poles, or points of attrattion, near each pole of the Equator I'wo 5 and that in thofe parts of tbe World which lye near adjacent to any one of thofe Mew: | Ff 2 idi JMag- ra ( 2160 n Magnetzcal poles, the Needle 1s governed thereby, the neareft pole being always predominant over tle more remote. The parts of the Earth wherein thefe Magnetical Poles lie can- not as yet be exactly determined for want of fufficient Data to proceed Geometrically: but, as nearas Conje&ture can reach, I reckon that, the Pole whichis at prefent neareft to us lies in or near the Meridian of the Lands end of Ezg- land and not above 7 degrees from the Pole Ar&ick. by this Pole the Variations in all Europe, and Tartary, and the North Sea are principally governed; tho with regard to thot her Northern pole, whole {cituation isin a Merzd/an paffing about the middle of Cabformia, and about 15 gr. from the North Pole of the World. to thisthe Needle - chas chiefly refpect in all the North America, and in the — Two Oceans on either fidethereof, fromthe Azores weft- _wards to Japan, and farther. The Two Southern Poles are - rather farther diftant from the South pole of the World. "The one about fixteen degrees therefromisina Meridian — — . -fomeT wenty degrees to the Weftward of Magellans firaightss. ' or 95 degrees Weft from London: this commands the Needle inall the South America, in the Paczfick Sea, and | | the greateft part of the Ethiopick Ocean. The Fourth and laft Pole. feems to have the greateft Power andlargeft — — dominions of all,as it is the moftremote from the pole ofthe . - : World, being little lefs than 20 degrees diftant therefrom, ‘inthe Meridian which paffes through Hollandia Nova and ‘the Ifland Celebes about 120 degrees Eaft from London ;. this Pole is predominant in the South part of Africa, in Arabia. and the Red Sea, in Perfia, India and its lands, — and all-over the Indzan Sea from the Cape of Good-Hope . — Eaftwards tothe middle of the great South Sea that divides — Afia from America. This feems to be the prefent difpofiti- on. of the Magnetical vertue throughout the whole Globe - of.the Earth: it remaing to fhew how aah ec n : | A makes .. | : ( 212 ) i inakes out all che Variations that. have been obferved of late; and how it anfwers to our feveral remarks drawn from. the Table.. And firft it is plain that (our European -North Pole being in the Meridian of the Lands end of £zg- land) all places more Eafterly than that will have it on the Weft fide of their Meridian ; and confequently the Nee- dle, refpeCting it with its Northern point, will havea’ Weilterly variation, which will ftill be greater as you go to the Eaftwards, cll you come to fome Meridian of Kuffia -where twill be greateft, and from thence decreafe again. Thus at Bref? the Variation is but 1$ degrees, at London -4 degrees: but at Dantzick 7 degreesWeft. To the Weft— ward of the Meridian of the Landsend ,. the Needle ought to have an Eafterly variation: were it not that (by ap- proaching the American Northern Pole, which lies on the welt fide of the Meridian , and feems to be of greater force than this other) the Needle is drawn thereby Weftwards , fo asto counterballance the direCtion given by the Euro- pean Pole, and to make a fmall weft Variation in the Me- ridian of the Lands end it felf. Yet I fuppofe that about the. Meridian of the Ile Zercera,our neareft Pole may fo far pre-- vail as to give the Needlea little turn to the Eaft; though. but for a very {mall {pace: the Counterballance of thofe. two poles permitting no confiderable Variation in all the Eaftern parts of the 4¢lantich Oceans nor upon the Weft | Coaftsof England and Ireland, France, Spain, and Barbary. But to the Weffwards of the Azores the Power of the 4- merican Pole overcoming that of the Ewropean, the Nee~ dle has chiefly refpect thereto; and turns (till more and more towards it as you approachit. Whence it comes to pafs that on the Coaft of Virginia, New-England, New- . found land , and in Huadfons-ftraits. the variation.is VVelt- ward ; thatit decreafes as you gofrom thence towards Ez- rope; and that it is lefs in Vergema, and New. England than in - New-found Land and Hudfons feraights, This Wefterly - Varie. |: ( GESt - Variation ‘again decreafes, as you pafs overthe North America; and about the Meridian of. the middle of cakfor~ 4a the Needle again points due North; and from thence weft-wards to Yedzo and Japan Y make no doubt but the Va- tiation is Ea/ferly; and half Sea overnotlefs than 1$ de- gres, if there be any truth in this Hypothefis of mine. Therefore! propofe this as a tryal. that the whole may . be fcann'd thereby: and £ conceive it will not be hard to know of the Spanards how itis, who fo frequently fail through that Ocean, in theirreturn from the Manilha Ifles. This Eaff Variation extends over Japan,Yedzo, Eaft- Tartary and part of China's’ till it meet with the Welterly., which is governed by the European North Pole, and which I faid was greateft fomewherein Rzf/e. ^ ——— | .... "(Towards the Southern Pclethe effect is much the fame, only that here the South point of the Needle is attracted. Henceit will follow,that the Variation on the Coaft of Bra- gle, at; the River of Plate, and fo onto theJfraights of © Magellan fhould be Eafterly(as in our thirdremark) : if we fuppofe a Magnetical Pole fcituate about 20 degrees more Wefterly chan the /Zrazgbts of Magellan, And this Eafferly Variation doth extend Eaftward over the greateft part of the Ezb»pick Sea, tillit be counterpoized by the Vertue of the orher Southern Pole; as itis about midway between — — the Cape of Good-Hope, and the sIfles of Triffand — Acuntia. From thence Eaftwards » the 4fan South Pole — | (as 1 muft take the liberty to call it) becoming prevalent, and the South point of the Needle being artra&ked thereby, there arifes a Weft variation very great in quantity and ex— tent, becaufe of the grear diftance of this Magnetical Pole © : ofthe World. Hence itis, that in all the man Sea as far as Hollandia Nova and farther there is conftantly weft Variation: at that under the Equator it felfitarifes to no- le(s chan 18. degrees, where tis moft. About the Meridi- ' an of the Ifland Celebes, being likewifethatof this Pole, - : this | ( 219 ) this Wefterly Variation ceafes, and an Eafterly begins ; which reaches according to my Hypothefis to the middle of the South Sea between Zelandia Nova and Chil’, leaving room. for a fmall/Veff-Variation governed by the american . South Pole; which I fhewedto be in the Paczf Sea , in the Sixth and.Seventh remark. Ae 713 VVhar I have now faid , does plainly fhew the fuffici- encie of this Hypothefis for folving the Variations that are »atthis time obferved in the temperate and frigid Zenes, where the dire&ion of the Needle chiefly depends upon the Counterpoife of the forces of two Magnetical Poles of ‘the fame nature: and J fuppofe I have fhewn how it comes to pafs, that under the fame Meridian the Variation (hould be in one place 29 ¢ Weft, and inanother 20 i Eafts as] - noted in my ninth remarque; ^ ^ 00 VaR | Inthe Torrid Zone, and particularly under the Equi- noctial, refpe& muft be had toallfour Poles; and their - pofitions well confidered, otherwife it will not be eafy to - determine what the Variations fhall be : the neareft Pole being always the ftrongeft, yet not fo, as not to be counterballanced fometimes by. the united forces of two. more remote; a notable inftance whereof is in our 8th re- mark, where cook notice s that in failing from St. He- lenaby the Ile of 4/cenfion, tothe Equator, on a NW.courfe the Variation is very little Eafterly and in that whole Traét unalterable... for which I give this reafon , that the Sout/ - American Pole (which is confiderably. the neareft in the aforefaid places.) requiring a great Eafterly variation is. counterpoized by the contrary atcraion of the North-4- merecanand the Afan-Soutii Pole ; each whereoffingly are, © in thefe parts, weaker than the 4merican-South-pole, and upon the ANJZ. courfe, the diftance from this latter is very- little varied ;:and as you recede from the Afan-South—pole, the ballance is ftill preferved by the accefs towards the - Worth«Amerian-Pole. Y mention not inthis cafe the Bu- — : y 0--- - ( 220 ) | 7 opean North-Pole y. its Meridian being little removed from thofe of thefe places 5 and of it felf requiring the fame Va- riations we here find. After the fame manner we might proceed to conclude the Variations in other places under and near the Equator: but I purpofely leave it for an ex- etcife to the rhoughrsof the Serious Reader, whois defi- red to help his imagination, -by having before him a Map or Globe of the Earth; and to mark thereon the Magneti- cal Poles in the Longetudes and Latitudes | affign them. Thus I hope E. have not loftmy Pains and ‘Study in this difficult Subje& : believing that Ihave put it paft doubr j That there are in tbe Earth Four fuch Magnetial Points or-Poles which occafion the great variety and feeming arregularity _ which 25 obferved in the variations of the Compa(s. But to cal— — culateexactly what itis, in any place affigned, is what I dare not yet pretend tos thoI could wifhit were my hap- “pinefs to beable to oblige the world with fo ufefull a peice of knowledge. there are difficulties that occur that render the thing as yet not feafible, for-firft there are a great ma~ ny obfervations requifite, which ought to be made at the fametime s not atSea, butafhore s with greater care and -attention than the generality of Saylors apply. And befides it remains undetermined in what proportion the attractive power decreafes ; as you temove from the Poleof a Mag- net’; without which it were a vain attempt to go about to calculate. There is yet à further difficulrie ;' which is the .change of the variations one of:the difcoveries of this laft Century; which fhews, that it iwill require : fome Hundreds of years :toeftablifh: a compleat. doctrine of the Magnetical Syftem, «From: theforegoing Tableic: fhould feem.; thatall the.-Magnetical Poles “hada Motion JZeft- ward : bucificbefo, tis evident. that itis nota rotation - abour tlie Axis of the Earth; for then the Variations would RET "M | sia Lar pnt arr P. ! ct NM continue | ee WARS S3 T1 C 22% J : €ontinue the fame, in the fame parallel of Latitude (the Longitude only changed) as much asis the motion of the -Magnetical Poles; but the contrary is found by Experience; for there is no where in the Latitude of 51: North, -be- tween England and America, a Variation of 11 degrees Eaft,. atthistime : as it was once here at London. it feems there: fore that our European Pole is grown neater the Pole 4rc- tick than it was heretofore s ot elfe that it has loft part of Y its Vertue.’ But whether thefe Magnetical Poles move al. together with one morion,or with feveral 5 whether. equal- ly or unequally 5. whether circular or Libratory ; . if cir. cular, about. what’ centers if Libratory; after what man- ner; are fecrets as yet utterly unknown to Mankind; and for the Induftry offuture ages. . | are teferved à 2 Y 3 ] » " Pop. (& i FK y 4 viu " " | à DC bu A d N à Hd : $ " queiIv K^ nior i Ks 26:100. $03 ANM eae Se 3 kwh Me : À : pgs ot à à ae re En 0m oe tede > VW Vilbelinz ES "e E, à» LS : , j : s ^» mu "m » queam rro ' e " yo *» ji t$ enh ia D T ba AIC E3eA Lb ah. "IT Tila Au XA ie ee hoà is . 25-5 rae LA i b. ph 1411: à : : haw? ew - ; 44 : ^ » " z | } ! * T * p» b pt 3 £X ! Ivi. we gs o emos e Ly t * 48 1 3. PIA 2843. 4 tae i Sri RJIAEE MS 8953 XJ. ud f * 4 i» i | S. e jy ft 2 * uy WA A " E WS d ^ TEN : ere) c ae ot ^ 3 1 ify 2i Y o£ Ee J af Smt HO SST t eke AS mot s MF c hee ag TPR! FA L9. ^ SE e rs (150: Sis 2015 APOE WOT 34003 20-1044 IW viai ER Jed v ! i t dis ; ake e T i : y ee ees * An ipn , x] e. TC 4 y T 11 [iE " n ikauilidde AR EA : $111 tih ihi A421 € A owwiEAEXS a - er? di MS. t 1 : ¥ e rS "y m s Aa Actdint of a Book, viz, Wilhelmi ten RyneM. D. &c. Tranfifalano- 19. Daventrie nfis Ju I. differtatio de A R- DARE T ITE a. Mantiffa Sche- - matica 4.3. de. ACOP VU ACT Vz RAL He Orationes tres. fe, DeChy- mia c? Botanice antiquitate (> dignita« te. De Phyfiognomia, ‘De Mon- ftris, Londiniin 8°. 1683. bone to be the genuine producer of thofe intolerable. Pains. wherewith Gouty Perfons are afflicted ;. and that-all the method of cure ought to-tend toward the difpelling-thofe Flatus. ‘This. Wind he thinks. is Dry;. Cold, and Malig- nant,conveyed by the Arteries to the place affected ; where forceably feparateing that fenfible Membrane the Perzfte~ «m and diftending ic, muft needs make. a very {harp gn | | Vex£ T His Aathor treatingof the Gout, being unfatisfyed with. — . ** the notions of other Phyfitians» and concluding that: — fach ignorance of the caufesof that.diftemper. has made all. attempts of cure unfuccesful hitherto: infteadof any hu- mor which former ages havelookt onasitscaufe , afferts. - . Flatus or Wind included between the Peréffeum and the- rs 623 ) ae Next he Digrefes tofbew that Head-athes, Palpitations of the Hleart » Tooth-ach, Pleuri(y, Convulfionss Numnefs, Epilep{y, Collicks 5 Feavors,and other Diftemperss do arife from the fame Roots which are varioufly named from the places affected, and the various Motions and Determina- tions of this Wind. . But particularly that. the Gout pro- ceeds thence, he proves , from the Authority of Aiippocrates and others , from the'Chinefes burning Moxa on the joint whereby the Hatus evaporates; from the moveablenefs of the pain from one part to anothers and from an Inftance of a Gouty Perfon. "Thefe Winds he thinks Cold, becaufe they are to be:con- quered by the contrary quality (heat) 5 and becaufea fhive- ring preceeds a fit of the Goutsand what they call a hot Gout is only by accident produced by vehement pain. by the way heaflertsthar the fhivering of Agves and Feavours acknowledge the fame origins and that as many accidents Y oen Wind in the leffer , as in the greater Vorld. | al Thefe Winds he afferts (out of Fenus ) to be halituous {pitits raifed either by the weaknefs or fharpnefs of our native heat, outof our meat and drinks ; | or. Pitwita and Black Choler... Their differences chiefly proceed from vari- ous ferments.produceing in us variety of humours which acting on ,one. another do. in their effervefcence create winds of various effets and denominate difeafes from the. places the-Scenes.of their action. For more particulars and. other external caüíes of their differences he refers to Fie- That this wind ismalignant , he urges for proof the vec Sis sd Te Gga hemency "Parts n. (2142 | bemency. of. pain; the Authority of, Hippocrates Galen , Paraus ,. Platerus; and out of Guido de-cauhace-obferves that upon burning; à windiffues out together witha tenu- ious Ichor ‘of avery ill fent ($190; E c That tis under the Pevzoffewm, and not in a more lax in- clofure, he argues; fromthe fence of diftenfiofi- without much tumour, and from the-obftinacy^of the pain caüfed: by theclofe Imprifonment of the wind, to be fet free only by the opening force of Fire. - MEG | | That tis conveyed by the blond to the place affected: he deduces; from the greater and mote frequent pulfe, from the fwelling of the Bloud-veffels of the joynt before the firs from Arteriotomy antiently ufed for the Gout ; ‘trom the fuceefs of Moxa applyed to the temporal Arteries in the Tooth-ach a Difeafe analogous to: the Gout ; and laft- ly from the diforders of the Heart and Swooning occafion- ed by the prepofterous ufe of repelling Medicinesswhich he - cautions againft as fuch which fend back the malignant Flatus to the Heart. " di uan | - ‘The reafon why it caufes no pain in-its progrefs through- other parts tothe joynes is becaufe tis temperd and blend-- ed with the blood and other humours. and: finds net any. . fuch refiftance from other parts, as from the Perzoffewm,- Then in theclofe,. enumerating’ the differences of Gcuts ; ° which he makes only “accidenral's he paffes to the fecorid ' part of tiis difcourfe which treats'oFthe Symptoms. ^ ^ Hindrance of Motion, Swelling of the Veins, a more * Intenfe pulfe,a pricking , diftending , beating, deep;con- “wopemeu Ms ' d " t3 | ae: r e O = r ee Á (NM | (225 ) of the Gout. Confequent to thefe are Watchings, . Weak- Nefs and Swooning.5 fometimes inflammation, andanE- ' ry&ip.lass Nodes, and'a Calculous Concretion like Chalk often occafioned by the indifcreet applying of Cooling » ' H Drying and repelling Medicines, ‘Sometimes Swellings are.caufed by a Flux of humours whereby alfothe ligaments of the Joynts being moiftened and relaxed; If thofe Chalky tophichance to interpofe , a diflocation enfues. | ?s i In his Third part he treats ofthe cure of the. Gout ; and. Por s réflecting on the inefficacy and uncertainty of other Medi- cines hitherto.orefcribed; recommends burning, though a févere, yet as an adequate cure to (o ftubborne a Difeafe ; after, having briefly confidered the difference of Cau/ticks and repeated the various effects of Wind in human bodies, | he proceeds to fhew, that the fire , either potential or acta- | al; is the genuine difpellerof this Wind, and that from the practice of Albucafis and: Mefue among the Arabians, .- from the Obfervations of Pro[per Alpinus on the Egyptians 5 and from various inftances of its fuccefs in feveral cafes efpeeially in the Falling-Sickne[s, Gonvulhons, Apoplextes » and other difeafes of the Head and Nerves s which being - difaffected by fome cold pituitous humours , he makes the : Fountains of all the morbifick Winds in the body, That the efficacious way. of burning has been difufed, - he alcribes to the foft Education of thefe latter ages, where- : by men are rendred averfe to a method of cure too harfh & | cruel ; to fenfe grown tender by Luxury Eafe and Pleafure: — and therefore wifhes a more kind way of Cautery could be inyented , than. bare fire 5. yet commends that before fome © DUE D TET ee vo me POFeMalo . c W $88 5 Potential Catteries, whofe activity often produces unex- Petted Symptomes, as not being fo much at thecom- hand of the Applyet. However the frequent ufe of Cauteries in Japan appeared fufficiently to our Author, from the nu- - merous Scars he faw all over -the bodies of very many per- fons among 'that,People». upon no other account. but burn- ing with Afexas which he afferts they ufe in all ages an Sexes» and in all feafons of the year with defired füc- cef (0:57 03 STE, y tice AES E In the next place our Author recounts the occafional cau — fe ofthofe difedtes which moft infeft Japon 5 chiefly thele , namely the fháveing the top of their heads fmooth; and go-. ing barefoot in all'ages, both Sexes, and all times of the year; excefs of Venery; feeding much on Fifh, which afford a clammy cold and pituitous noutifbment: and ldf{tly being free from Wars, ‘they livefecurely in great'Sioth and Luxury. All Diftempersof the Head, Nerves, Liga- ments and Membranes are very frequent; Plague they - have none à but Small-Pox fo conftantly Epidemical and. fatal, thatParents count not thofe’Children among the liveing who have nor patst that Difeafe. "But there is do "-— o" SA Kee norant in much medicin: teafta land moft fruitful in Chit | [ntiabitarnts. N 4 Q1312114 ona i intities of Zonon fm Les) : m : (227 ) gr, which our Authorcalls bread—leav'd Mugwort.s grow- ing without culture every where ;. known to the moft igno- rant Japaneí(e , and being prepared iscalled Moxa. Our Author paffing by its other vertues , at prefent only fhews its ufe inthe Gout: which Cafter a digreflion concerning Cauteries.,. whofe. efficacy is, aflerted by Hippocrates, Cei- fus, 2nd others there quoted ).he defcribes in this manner. The Plant dryed.in the Shade, free'd from filth and the harder rougher Stalks, and rubb'd between the hands _ till it become like Cotton, istheir Moxa. This cotton- like Subftance they form into alittle Cone about the bulk . OofaPea;. orelfein a Paper; . rowle it between their hands. into a Cylinder, tobe divided into little. Pellets for their purpofe, The Pulfe of the place being felt, upon it they place the Adoxa (the bafis of the Cone next. the Skin), then taking care to keep the body ina fettled pofition , they light the Apex of the Pellet either with ordinary. wood, or (fer the Rich) with an Aromatick. ftick. The Pellet does not wholly confume into afhes ; but leaves.a. little fegment of irstafe on the part: a little Blifter is hereby raifedof a Cineritious colour without much pain, giveing venrto the hamoursand wind... They burn fometimes. even to.50 pellets on.a place. without-danger 5 and atlaftwith.Suc- j WENO are fubftituted for want of Plantain. 1; Moxais not to be applyed in. ardent: continual feavers, in. the fit of an gue, in Janguishing -of she. Spirits: ia preg” nant Women düll.aket; anoo days: 5) oo) M | Dj et tinier | . di : 3 fi " Gt T P 9 a | ( 228 ) Many of the Japanefes ule Moxa twice or oftner in a year . t0 prevent Sicknefs; asfolemnly as Europeans Purge or bleed. In the moft grievous Chronical difeafes and even in perfons emaciated by contumptions ; asan arcanum they burn in four points near the Os facrum, two on each fide lying ina dire& line crofling the Spine to right angles. 4- nalogous to this practice, in a long digreffion he quotes out of Hippocrates’ many inftances and precepts for burning in moft Chronical cafes. — | x 101 | "The whole art lyes in defigning the points to be Burnt fot each diftempers which Secret isin the hands of peculiar. Chirurgeons , who have formed Rules to dire& them 5 as alfo Images in their houfes marked in all thofe places that are proper to be burnt. And to sbew theneceffity ofa . dueobférving of proper places ;' he afferts upon ‘his Own knowledge ; burning on the nea alba à ‘fingers length be- low: the Navel infallibly caufes Barrennefs efpecially “in men; wherefore that line is always avoided, Afide from it a- bove the navel; burning (they fay’) reftores’ loft. appetite; as alfo if: Moxa be'applyed tó the Shoulder blades. -‘ Fora Gonnothed aid Weaknefs ‘of ‘the /Spermatick, Veffels; the ‘parts’ about the Loins: andthe Ox/acrum are to be burnt; for the Collic&, onthe abdomen 5 and for the Tooth-achs on the Chin at the commiflure of the under-Jaw-bones. With chefeand füclizlike inftances's and'a receipt of Hyfte- rica] lozénpes»tdade?ot! ciis VY peine e Re fant fe sole) die Women of asas our ANY con cludes his diícourfe. AIOE TO TST 101 b3103131c91 3:5 ol To Contitmethis notion of Winds beldgthe calle of — M wdr eoa. Heap ebrei vi Cardiaca (as he calls ic = whieh affficted himfelf almoft te (uM Lc MUS d QR M aee. de 4 orp a ? | C 229 ) Death; with moft vehement palpitations of his heart, frequent Swoonings,intermittent pulfe, difficult breathing, burning heat : which ending ina colliquateing {wear lefi him weak and languifhing with hands and feet as cold. & in- fenfible as a carcafs. The {mell of Rofe-water was his moft xeviveing Cordial he could find;breaking wind up or down eafed him alwayes: but Clyfters bringing away much wind was his chief and. almoft only relief... What came away by Stool affected him inwardly with fo ftrange a fenfe of cold. as if Ice newly thawed had been ejected. Decoctions of fre(l China Roors, by perfpiration, vented this cold. wind hich he imagined. by coagulating his blood and hindring its circulation, to be the only caufe of hole Symptomes which he laboured under in every Fit. ! But noswithftancing thismethod and and:a very regular Diet, his diftemper feized him 6 times , with feveral firs atatime, intheípace of three months...» o. As length applying Moxa to three places on each fide his. Navel.and to two places about the Region. of. his loins; | -burning xa times on each point,wathing the woundsclean with-falt-Water the next day, and keeping open the little Ulcers (which vented much purulent matter )for more than twenty daies, and afterward healing them with Emplaffrums Stipticum Paracelfi; he perfectly freed himfelf from his trou blefome and dangerous Diftemper. : | - AMantiffa Schematica, Here the Author gives four Draughts of thoíe. Images the Japontan Phyfitians keep in their ohoufes,: markt in. thofe places which they burn with - JMoxa and; perforate, with their Needle ; annexing the In- . Weriptions belonging to thofe Images ,' which containing a | ' Hh Eo brief | D 6o or brief account of their Phyfick and ‘Anatomy. ^ Theyufe itiwardly’ three Plants’ (much’ extolled for their vertes ) above alf others, 1° Roc&qualibh bearing fruit like Kidney- Beans,anda Root yellow, bitter and odoriferous. 2° Xznkzu atüberous Roor fmelling like/pvage,remarkable among them forthe enticeing Fifh by thefenc and 3° Aéxziz whofe Root they make the bafis of all deco€tions,in which form they ex- - hibit all inward medicines 5. neither do they give many more then thefe named. "Their internal Medicines are ca- lefactive and difcuffers of Wind ; andif thofe faile. they prefently have recourfe to Moxa or their Needle. ‘Next you have'an account of fome'eminent perfons who have been inventors in medicine among them: -whofe precepts they fo ftri@ly adhere to, that if they fail ia their practice they diftruft their own judgment andfenf-s, rather than deviate‘oné tittle from the ‘Rules ‘of their fore« fathers, From thefe‘Antient Phyfitians chey have defcriptions of «ll the veflels of the body after ‘theirmanner: whofe Courfe Situation and pulfe they ftudy diligently , as being abfo- hately neceffary to atr happy practitioner | and'tis all the Affiáto my they! tr ind or value?" e9081G OWS OF bitbe S ru fF Hefe Vetfels they fay 'areCinralD)t45w Rereof x2 are nter- "mat, ead two-extermalicontainins two principle$ of life call'd ‘by them£alidum Innatum, 8-humidimraticale * upon which, “poperher with the Teveral meafures of thole Veftelsy their - * phyfical Theory of mans body depends. AYO ,* They argue three degrees of Hwmidum Radicale con- *'tyned-in three diftinct veflels belonging to che Arms-and LI * termináteing in thebte2ft; ^ àndaifoin other threéveffels. of the legs diftributed among che Bowels :- the firft three sfect, the latter 6 feet &-3 half Tong;on either fide/T ere are - ‘likewile (they fay )«htee degrees of Cálidum ipuatum con tain ed. —_—_ se ee 4. | (C 331) : ‘rained alfo in three veffels belonging to the Arms,and three ‘others of the Legs; the firft five feet long, the latter eighr efeet on either fide ; both terminating in fome parts of the ‘head: thefe in all make up. the. twelve Zzeraat. , As to. ethe External, thatof Native heat rifes from thecutward. that of Radical Morflure from the. inward ankle: both .ter-; “ mirate in the. Eyes , and ;areceach 7 & fectilong on. *eitherfide. They add two orher-external-veines : both. *rifeing from the fermeum end under.the noftrills,. the «one paffing before, the other bebinds andare each four e5feetlóng.nonicds c: ed Loup dus -;Swo iother forts-of Veffels they aífign, each. 12. in ‘number mutually connected. the firft called Aee Atak, with *all the windings 162 feet long, the feat of the Soul: and «are fuppofed by the Author to. be Arzerzes. containing the Native heatwhofe motion is upward;which getting the pre- dominium over! the Reaical moifture produces Dileafes. T he. * other fort called’ Rack Mak, defticure of the Soul, e— efteemed Verns,3 “5 feet long(that 1s with all their windingsJ «containing the Radical moifture whofe motion isdown- *ward.s!and if. equal, produces, health... "Thus much our ‘Author thought fit to give us of the peculiar. Anatomy. of * Japan, and fo proceeds tolay down Aphorifmes about the eufe f the Needle. s0o:510 vid SOs odin À ago dus V _ De Acupunitura, The Needle is made long,flender, Áharp, . OfGold, ot at leaft Silver ; with a wreathed handle... © “It is to be conveyed either by the hand ora. litt!e Mallet into the part gently a fingers breadth or more ; as the cafe requires‘, ‘and to’ beheld there the fpace of 30. breathings (if the patient can bear it):othetwife repeated puncturesare. father ufed. The pun@ure muft be. when the party is fafting, asd ^o HI deeper i^) MAG SESE: ee + Pos ( 332] deeper ina great than léfs difeafe; in old then young men 5- ingrown petfons than in thofe that arelean andaender 5 in flefhy parts than in Nervous: "The Needle ischiefly: ufed in difeafés ofthe head andlower belly; andis applyed: : to the headin head-aches, Lethargies , Convulfions ,. Ere: lepfie ; Difeafes of the Eyes &c.;; tothe Abdomen in Gol- lick, dyffentery, want of Appetite, Hyfterical disorders, furfeits, paines of the belly and Toynts j obítruétions of Liver and Spleen &c. The Womb its feif may be perforat- . ed (the Japanefe affrm ) and the Fetus wounded ,' when its. motions are enormous and threaten abortion... In :thefe’ extraghy’ which cannoribe juftunte(s it cranfzsibesthesvHo js In his Difcoürfe of Gbymiffr) ho affertsávs antiquity nai i | PHHM C i ac i GS 4 back as Tubal Cam, whence he thinks the /ulcan of the Hea- thens by fome fmall change of Letters took his name; thar therefore Hermes Zrismegifius was not the inventer ofit. but learnt it of Abraham in Egypt, with whom he was co- temporary s and that Alippocrates was a great mafter of this att, and built moft of his notions about difeafes on this foundation. Hence he takes occafion, to fay many things in the praife of this art and of Botany ; and fo concludes with Examples of Solomon and many other great perfons in all a- ges: who by thinking thefe ftudieS worth their pains a- midft all che hurry and bufinefs of Government, have fhed much honourand reputation on them. . In his Difcourfe.of Phyfiognomy, he firft remarks on the Va- nity of Affrolozy and Chiromancy. He lookson the counte- nance as the Epitomy of the whole man reprefenting (if diffembling. intervene not): all the inward paffions and mo- tions of the Soul: and this upon the accouot, that the temperament of the Body. influencing the manners of che Mind, does alfo difpofe varioufly the lineaments, complexi- on, feature and air ofthe face. Then defcribing the dif- ferences of Complexions, with Phy/iognomical figas thence arifeing s. fhewing alfo what Effects Climat, cuiiom, and diffimulation have in altering the face ; giveing a briefac- count of Cholerick, Phlegmatick:Sanguine,and Melancholly difpofitions ; recounting fome figns of Vertues and Vices in Men sand laftiy.reckoning up the humours and manaers of feveral paxticulax: navions:che Author leems.to have brought together. all che-moft. general Rules, and to have given the Reader & Scheme and. Proipect ofthe whole art of P/yfo- -s Im bis: Difcourfe of Monfters, he is of opinion that the ane | Moniters C 234) Monfters of Egypt and other parts of Zfzzezare moftly pro- ducd by a promifcuous venery of Beafls of various Species brought togéther to tivers by a common thirft) As for thofe which happen among creatures of the fame Speczes, he likes not the caufes affign'd by any of the Antients, bur rather adheres to the Moderns: who, by giveing greater light into the nature of Regular concepticns chan the An— tients could, may alfo much more afiift in the explaining thofe which are irreg ilar. Wherefore laying down this asa Foundation, what Seneca formerly afferted of the Seed, and what the Moderns have demonftrated by Microfcopes . more traly of Eggss that all the lineaments of the Ferus-up- . on.conception are there perfe@ly drawn; that the conftiru— tion of the Parents influences the texture of the Fetus ; that the imagination of the’ Female (proved by Jacobs Experi= ment and feveral otherinítances) harh an'intereft infea— ture, fhape, and variousmarks of'ah otherwife-eitea Of- {pring : he proceeds to infer that'even inimperfe&t pro- duds, either any want of Vigour from the Maley’ or want of Nourifhment from the Female may caufe‘an’ abbreviation or total defect of fome Member or other. and if the fpirits of the nother be by any accident, (as fears anger; défire; ot afpect of fome unufual thing) difturb'd in the diftributi- on of nourifhment;and as it were called away and imploy'd - aboutorher objects + the Fabrick of the Embryo muft needs : bealter'd, abrupt, or mifplac’r; -be deficient, or quite de- firoyed. "and if more nonrifhment be pour in upon the "tender. Fibres’ than they can bear, the Fibres muít break and monftrous Excrefcencies enfüe ; or the parts remdin indiftin& and confounded. If the Coats of two Egg: ftick together, or break into each other: a Monfter with two bodies will be born. Thus far our Author thought fit to entertain his! Auditors about. fome general cauíes of Mon. ffers : ( 235 ) fers: and defigning his difcourfe onely asan Inaugatal O7 . ration to his Anatomical lectures, choofes rather tó promife a Tuft tract of the Subject fome othertime, than now to pretend to any accuracy s which the decent brevity ofa Speech made both improper and unfeafible. : Advertifement. | "He Reader zs defired to take notice that whereas in this Tranfaction the matter falls out foort fomctbzng of five Sheets, fo there was in the laff alfo more by half a Sheet : which happens by reafon of the adficulty of adjufting matter be- fore hand. However the Buy«x may be affured that whenever it thus falls out that He ba's at any time lef than ufual inany Tranfaction, He fhall be repaired again in f ome other following; af not in the preceding one, as in the pre[ent cafe. ERRATA. Pag. 216.1. 13. the other, P, 220.1. 12. magnetical, OXFORD, Printedby LEONARD LICHFIELD, Printer tothe Univerfity, and are to be fold by 7Zen. Rogers at the Sign of the Bzdble in Veftminfter Hall, and Sam, Smith ar the Princes- Arms in — : St. Pauls Churcb-yard. | ; 16 8 3. T N ane du" 4 Rn F3" WA 3x doi A - et n i wae Y uy AE 4 PRIX » p L TOTUM T IRE I a a" 2a - NS n n dy - $ Ne p d E POMA di gn A T £5 pls [ 3^ M uz ds LEAL. ed * Pg. o> ^61 V We 37» gs" [E a » Aude | Sal , = 2 " (4 [D iv E kr S a ES d va T* j we, tur Da WS DS i i E ) a * T) au - 4 - ef ors ene he di E + LI ^ Of 5 aid? "1 » É » ^ os 11 "ys RU. 4 Y^ m ' wes 4 NE LES. ^ , PU ir L H ; t e " E HC 2 "i D , sha : * y , | À yi ^e El Rit r , x) rH is i j* ALLANT ge d 4 * n". 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Savage sculp: Sonos mu ms oes Ye EE A Th Y | WA pa AS a (337) — Numb. 149 PHILOSOPHICAL |J TRANSACTIONS. - July 10, 1683. The CONTENTS. x. Some Obfervations upon the Wuinsof'aprece of a Roman Wall and Multangular Tower at York. - 2. Some pro» bable thoughts of tbe W hitenefs of tbe Chyle, and what zt ir after it 2s conveyed within the Arteries. Both by the Learned Martin Lifter Efquire. 3. 24m account of the three great Conjunctions of Saturn and Jupiter mthin the — jffpace of feven Months Anno 1682. and of [everal other . Conjunction: of the fame Planets. By J. F. Aftron.Reg. An Account of Four Books, I. Traité de l' Organe de Ouie par Monfieur Du VE RN EY, à Paris 8° 1683. Il. An Account of two Letters of Monfeur PER AULT and Monfieur M. ARAO T T E coecerning Vifion, Printed — at Patis, 16:2. JT. Hiftoria Naturalis ZZelvetie cu- | riofa, Authore Fah. Jacobo WAGN E KO M D.Tegure. IIH. Johan. Taro Z; 1 M M E R ^t 4 NNI Cometo- — fcopia: Or Three Ajtronomical Relations concerning the Comers that have been (een. wi the Tears 1680,1:8 (41602. Printed at Stulgard zz. 4° 1692. Mom Ii T. Some ^ DOM, P.: , Terese ^ ' tto y E , | n ASA Y f N * ': Z AR . Suc 0} AERTAYIA "mM ‘Roman Wall and Molrapgular- Tower at Yor ksBythe Fudictous Mar. Lifler Efq; dir y. Fr Memes Antiquities of York; and particu- . larly what might relate to, the. Roman Empire, of which this place had been a feare: ; andthe dwelling of at leaft Two of the-Empercurs; Severus and Conflantime , Y founda past ofaWall yet ftanding, which is uncoubted!y of thar time ; itis the South-wall of the Mint-yard being for- merly an Hofpital of Saint Lawrence, lcoking towards the River, it conlifts.of a -Multangular-Tower, which didlead- to Bootham Barr, and about ——-—- yards of wall; which. rann the length. of Coneng>ftreets : as he who. fhall attentively view if on both fidesmay di(cern; ^ ^ ' Eutthe out-fidetowards the River, is the moft worth ta-. king notice of,iris faced wo a very mall Saxum quadratum . of about 4 lnches thick; and laid in levels like our modern. Brick. work; This fort.ofbuilding Wetruous (Tib. 2. £j. 8. j calls afrer the/Greeks,Z/odómum, tum omnia Choria equa. P era[- fi ied fuerint flrufla 5 bütthe length of the ftonés is not- _ obferved ». butare-«as they fell out: in hewing: From the. foundation,2 Q couríes of this {mall fquared flone are laid, . and over: them ss. ccunfes of Roman Brick 5 thefe Bricks. are laid fome, Jength wáies }-and fome end-waies inthe - wall, and were called /ateres Dzatoni : After thefe 5 courfes of Brick, other.22 courfes of {mall fquare flone (as before deícribed) are laid, which raife rhe wall —~-——feet high- er, and then 5 more courfes.of the fame Roman brickedie over laid, beyond which the wall is imperfe&, and capt with modern building : Note, that inall this height there © is no Cafsment orLoop-hole, but one intire and "ae By wall | | 449 | ‘wall; from which we guefs the wall to. have been built fonie 'tauifes higher after the fame order... "The reafon'ofthis order of Brick-work intermixt with ftone,the fame J'truvius gives, and in this particular the Romans after his time, and upon his admonition, andre- €ommendation (in all probability) did imitate the Greeks, *longitudines Coriorum (taies he) alternis coagmentis in eraffi- e tudinem in[iruentes : Anda little further, enferponunt frn-. *gulos perpetua craffitudine utrag, parte Fi rontatos (lateres ) quos * Diatonos appellant, qui maximé religando confirmant parietum “foliditatem: Thefe Bricks were to be as Throughs, or as it were fo many new Foundations to that which was to be fu- perftrutted ; ; and to bind the Two fides together firmly. for the wallit felf is only faced with {mall [quare ftone. and the middle thereof filled with Morter and Peble; frontz- bus ferviant (faies the fame Author )..&, medio farciunt 5. which Vitruvius difcommehds inthe Romans of his time ,. and therefore the later Romans ( the builders of our wa!l ) did . as I faid, correct this Error, and imitate the Greeks. “And leaft ir fhou!d feem ftrange,that Bricks thould give afirmhefs to Stone buildings, the fime Vitruvius. tefti fies, afid'thereforetómmends. brick. building before ftone (our men indeed’ ‘for wholefomnefs , which alfo is true, and to be much cónfidered in a cold and moift climate ) even for. theduration ; and therefore in Rome. abatement was ever made for the age of ftone building 5 noue for that. cf bricks. | provided it'képt its level; and ftood upright v upon its foun. . dation sand therefore to excufe it, hé at large gives a rea-. fon why the Romans fuffeted ‘ nor brick buildings to be. máde within the Citty of Rome, asa thing no: of choice, - but neceffity , thefe brick buildings being cetrainly ( in :hiae Sede Archite&ts ‘opinion ) to be preferred: The Law (Raids he) füffers nota wall to‘be made to the Ttreet- ward .. (far fo eive me leave" to interpret commum loco ) above à . fóót ànd à à half thick, dnd partition wallsthe fame, leaft . they fhowld take up-too much roome. ' Now brick w sis we i dps ( 249 ) of a foot and a half thick, (unlefs they were Doplinthy ot- Triplinthy). cannot bear up above one Story;; but in fo vaft: and M. jeftick a. City (as old ome). there ought. ro bein- namerable habitations» therefore when.a plain-Area, or building of one Story could not. receive fuch a multitude to dwell in the City,, therefore rhe thing it fel f did compel them to ir, that the houfes mighr be raifed. higher, and therefore they had ftrdnge contrivances cf ourjetting, and Ove: hanging Stories,. and. Belconies a3. which. reafons ifrightly confidered are. great miftakes : Our men at this day have raught the world better. things s and have demon- {trated that: a firm: Building may be raifed to many Stories height upon, a. foot and a half thick Walls The Overüght. of the Romans was the vaft bignefs of their Brick, for the leffer che: Brick: the firmer the work, there being much grearer firmnefs in a multitude of Angles, -as muft bepre- duced by a fmall Brick, then ina rigatline s and this is the reafon of the ftrength of Buttrefles, and Multangular. Towers &c. NEUESTE A^ bit Thofe Bricks are about feventeen Inches of our mea- fure long, and about eleven Inches broad, and: two Inches. and a half thick. This (having canfed feveral of chem .. to be carefully meafured.) I give in round numbers, and... do find them to agree very well with the notion of the.Ro- man foot, which the learned. Antiquary. Greaves hasleft us; 2%. of its being about half an Inch le(s than ours sthey.. feem to have fhrunk inthe bakeing, .morein rhe breadth. then in the length; which is bur, reafonable, becaufe ofi, — its eafier yeilding thar way ; and fo, for thefamereafons, more in thicknefssfor we fuppofe them ro have been defignz,, the Teftimony of. Vitruvius, and Phay.:, of. Vitruvius ^ | ; L : 4 241 ) tum pede s. But; weareto note, that the Coppy of /7- truvius; where it defcribes the meafures of the Dido- ron is vicious ; and is to becorreded by Phnys and had not: Vitruvins’s Commentatour been more a friend to his Author than to truth 5 he had nor perfwaded the contrary, for the Bricks themfelves do demon- firate at this day . Plany’s meafures to be right , and nor thoíe of Vetruvius, as they are extant 5 which makes me much wonder at the confidence of Daniel Barbarus affirming the gricks now tobe found, are all according to Vitruvius and noc Plinys meafuress forall that I have yet feen with us in England are of Pliny s mea- fures as at Lez/fer in the Roman Ruine there, called the 7ems Wall. at St. Albans, as I remember, and here with usat York. And togonofarcherfor Argumenis chan. this very Chapter of Vitruvius, the Diplnthy Parietes in Rome were againft law, and the firgle rick: all was onely allowed as Standard, viz, a foot and a half thick Wall; or one Ro- man Erickalength, as was abovenoted. — — : Pliny lived. fometime after Vitruvius, and being a pro- felled Tranfcriber, and as ir appears from this very place,.. having taken the whole bufinefs of Brick almoft verbatzm . out of him and not differing in any one thing in. the whole Chapter , | but in this, or the meafure of the Didoron. And the Bricks demonítrating the - truth of that difference, it is but reafonable we fhould : make Vztruvéius's longum pede latum fempede,a fault of itru-. «PH Goppyersa ant win 3e » | '& ^: Tfhall conclude this difcourfe with this remark.that pro- pertionjanda plain uniformity,even in the minuteft parts of building, is to be obferved, as this miferable ruin of Roman workmanfhip fhew:; Inour Gorhick Buildings there is a To- tal negle& of the meafures and proportion of the Courfes as tho that was not'much material to the beauty of the whole, Whereas indeed in Natures works it is from the Sym- merry ofthe very Grain, whence arifes much. jf the | | eauty | Gum) ee beauty of the thing: Indeed, if Iwas never to.come near era building,and to view it alwaies at fuch adiftance, this might be excufed as tomes and foin Artificial things, as in Pi&ures and Carvings to be feen on high : but yer, in ‘my opinion, 'tis butan excufe of lazinefs ro tell. me fuch - and fuch rude dafhes will have a marvelous effect ata di- ftance; as though things Painted or Carved to adorn ‘our comparratively low Roomes were diftanced ; And this No. ble Art, in my opinion, has. of late in nothing fuffered fo much with ussas in admirting of this vile excufes where- as indeed» whatis well done; and moft ex.&tly finiflied in the moft minute parts ofa thing Painted, Lam fure if jr pleafe me near the eye, it will never difpleafe me at a . diftance. UN EL BSG 2. Some probable thoughts of tbe VV hite; nefs of the Chyle, and what tt is after it is conveyed within the Arteries: By the - Learned Martin Lifter fq; a iis : n büswwitü- 0o JH9 1. GN the digeftion of meat in. the ftomack j^ thereis T made a feparation or folution of Urinou$'Salts$ no — Otherwifethaninthe rotting of Plants:or Animals! 2. Thechyleis highly impregnated: withthis Urinoüs Salt 3. "The Wixtene/s of the Chyle is from the Fermentaeign it: has from its mixture with Urinious Salts ;'and ‘that if _ diluted. with fair water» it is wholely:deprived'of that . » Colours the Fermentation ceafing, co 5d 012i getviind A: The SaleChyle is conveyed into the Velial Bloody and » With ic enters, the heart sand it isthence thrown oue again Chyles as it..comes ity byra'contingal-pulfátióny.- im Ante the, adAferzess 233046 cgi Ot HISDAL eh2 IAW. | "411 UM 353116. S390 Wj, e bli; 19V, 903; SO ARE "E m ( 243 ) That-as oft.as it enters the Emulgent Arteries, it there leaves behind it part of itsSalinous liquoror Urine, : » and confequently abatesof itscolour. 9 EA That. when fufficiently freed of its Urinous S 1t, it be- . comesa Lymphas which we think nothingelfe, but the refidue of the C/hyle, not yet made into the nature of blood, as not fufficiently depurated of its faline par. à ticles. _ That probably it circulates long under the nature of a Lympha, often vifiting all the parts of the body by the Arteries, and retui ning again to. tbe Heart, partly by its. " own veffels, aud partly by the veines. - That in defect of Chyle (for we cannot conftanily feed) naiure continually fupp lies the mafs of blood with the Lympha, ot old Chyle. | : : That uppon every fupply of frefh Chyle, much of the - old ftock. or Lympha is (according to the neceffity of ' parts) converted into this or that ufe,and not till then. - 10, T hat there is ever more Lympha in the mats of blood, than there is need of for the diluting of it, Thearteri- - -al blood ( be the animal never fo much exhaufted by hunger) alwaies parting with fome,upon extravafati- Br t [] on and coagu'at on. | : Tn the coagulation of extravafated blood, there is no precipitation of parts, as in curdled Milk; &c. for if the Chyle be frefhly diftributed into the mafs of blood, it - willagain feperate it felf, as it will from water ; and in like manner it is.vith the Lympba or old Chyle, neither of them being as yet any eflential part of the blocd. — The venal and arterial blood have probably botha likequantity of Lympha to diltute them; buttbe arteri- al in coagulating involves within its erafJamentum more than the venal * the reafon may be, for that the arteri- alisfuller ofair, which rarifies and renders the arteri- - aleraffamentum more porous , and capacious of lodging the Zympha ; which yet as it fubfides by long ftanding: paris DET E us | parts with more and more Lympha daily, 6 12, The greatinftrument of thecirculation of the blood is. 3 5 | | the Sy/fole, or vibration of the heart, which yet would not be fufficient from hindring th» cosgulió^n of the blood, without a continual fupp!y of Lympha to dilute iiri ! e/[n Exatt Account of the Three late Con- . gun&tions of Saturn and Jupiter, (with- inthe [pace or lefs than [even months ac- cording to accurate Obferyations) viz. Q&ob. 14.82. &c.7 cgether with an Account of what other Conjunttions of. them there bappened for more than 100: years laft, beginning at the year 1563: efindaT able Gompuied whereby to make an Eflimate of what other Conjnntlions — have happened for the time paft, or that will happen for the time to come. All . byj. F. Aftron. Reg.gg R. $8... Hilft the Common People have admired to fee the two Superior Planets Saturn and Jupster — ^ '.* continue fo nea; each other this w^o!e year, and | our Aftrologers have affiighted them wich fearful Pres dictions of direful events totuccede this appearance, the — | more — (245 ] | ‘gore Judicious are defirous to know how often and at what time their Conjun@ions happen; that by compare- - ing their Tables of thefe Planets Motions with the ob- — ferved appearance, they may be the better able to correct them and render them more agreeable to the Heavens. - Examineing our Ancient Ephemerides I do not find that Three Conjnndtions of Saturn -and Jupiter haveever hap- — . ned in one years fpace, fince they were firftin ufe to this - prefent. Thofe of Moletus Calculated from the Alpbon- fine Tables indeed make three in the {pace of Eight Months betwixt Augufi 1563. and 4pril 1564 incluüve. But the Ephemerides of Stadzus Calculated from the Prute- mck ,make onely one, on the 26 of Auguft of which Jun- linus gives us the following Obfervation in the Preface to his Aftronomical Tables, 4nano 1563. Auguftc 24.hora 14. 36 poft Meridiem Aurange, Jupiter aparte [eptentrionis conjur on ix coopertebat quaft Saturnum, quz erat à parte Meridionali, wmtra- 16 *» 1563 que dutem hsrum Stellarum, in fine 28 gradus Cancri depreben- debatur, Riccioli hence concludes that the Planet Jupeter -covered fome part of Saturnat this time. But without reafon, for the words guafi coopertebat intimate not that the one did corporally cover the other, bur rather that. there was fome {mall Interval betwixt them. The Ca- roline tables makethe vifible latitude of Saturne now 11! 45", of Jupiter 26 10' both North. the Conjunction be- ing fome few dayes paft : but becaufe their latitudes alter flowly we may hence conclude the difference 8' 25! to shave been nearly theirdiftance at that time,thefe Tables be ing grounded on the Tychonick obfervations made with- - in lefs than 40 years after, and íhewing the Latitudes of the Planets well at chis time near roo years later we may . conclude to have anfwered them as well then; and if we | confider how fmall a {pace the diftance of 85 minutes ap- pear to the naked eye in the Heavens, efpecially betwixt | two fuch bright Planets as Saturn and Jupiter are, thac the Garoline diftance agrees very well with the words of Junctz- boss Kk nus | (346): 7 nus and that Azceiolz was gtofs!y-miftaken; — ^ 1583. Their next Conjunétion according to Maginuss’ Ephem. 1603. rides. founded on the Prutenick numbers, was 24pri29. 1583.in 2 1. deg. of XX, the Sun being then ín 17. deg.cf s. {fo thatthe Planets rifeing before himin fignes of fhort afcention and with South Latitude this congrefs could not . be. obferved by the noble Tycho who was mindful of it as appears by this; norerin;pag. :5 5."of his Hiftoria Coeleftis. — May 30. À. M. quo pramum poft Conjunttionem Saturnum vie. dimus, capte funt. diftantie inter Jovem 8 Sajufnum per Ra- dium... EGTA EC DITE Ene OE NO BIN | V foe vo n pt Ma er The fame Ephemerides fhew the next Conjun€tion of . Saturn and Jupiter 1603. Dec. 14. at noone, ing 36' ofa. but the Ingenious Kepler and our Sr. Chraffepher .Heydon foundit by obfervaticn feven days fooner, or the Seventh i2 day of the fame month in the Morning, in near Eight. .- degrees: of the Planets being then but newly emerged: from-the Rayes of the Sun. , - The Ephemetides of the Learned Keplér Calculated from t « hisowa Kudolphine Tables make the next Conjuncton 1623. . betwixt.the 7th and 8th of July, in.6* 46' of LV. the Planet.,.: Saturn being then only 4 minutes to the North of Jupiters,j: but this-fis(^ Conjun&ion in the fiery Trigonhapning, uns. ; derthe:.Suns beams was nor obferváble. . NS TIS ito bsbauc1? sni By the fame Tables, and Ephemerides of Fzbffade, Cal- . culared from them, thefe Planets met again in the 25th des. dreeof se ,- betwixt the 15th and x£th of Feb. 1643, With... . By thejoynr confentof Ezchffades and our Wings Ephe;.... merides the fame Planets were ia Conjunction again.1663.... onthe roth of ofober at Noone in 13°. 30" of with one... degree difference of Laritude, this Con junction was ob- aes al un | feiveable - | vos zaTot4 :10. Betwixt cheir Centers — (0947). . feryable after Sun-fet in our Latitude,but I hear not thát ae nyoneobfervedit. — In every of thefe years there happened only one Con- junction of the two Superiors, nor is it poffible that there fhould be more except the Heliocentrical Conjunction fall near the Oppofition of the. Suns for then there may be Three, Two Dire&t, and One Retrograde,as has been with- inthe {pace of Seaven Months, betwixt October and May laft inclufive, of which the true times are determined from the following Obfervations. | eonsnn IP 5. 1682. p. ! 4d |n sent Ob, $. 17. 51. betwixt the Centers of Sat, & Fup. 34 S4. | md et M iod | el ee 49. | ! Bus 13." 49'; betwixttheir Centers — : 16 02e | aint ISepat ido: os : rep. 16 04° | .14.03.Betwixttheirnextlimbes =~ 05. 22» ^ —À— S D 20. 09. 17. | | Tu JBB.of2O. 12. Wl UNE 21. : again 20 14. "MEUS LA... 2g Betwixt cheir node lites 19 44. d LM i4 3, Betwixt their remotes limbes | ii hut . Sky, 4a We al p 09. Saturn ftoi the heel of Caftor nnlada:9532 24. M 14. Jupiter from the fame Star — 48 45 Os. aei 0511065237 17. reps 43 45 20 E JE MU E Saint n the sine Star again’ 48 32 206 Ua ML Sd (50. Betwixt theic Centers. again 20 30e (qe TR ; E he et: s rd Bre! ‘Betwixt hee Pamone limbs. "ec $91 3565: 02° | TS ET c4 adt “Their Cenrets |— weary 1 29,2513 7- AL a n LAT © Their nexc limbs - 25 FI, 1603, | NI 1B. 21$ Becwixe their Centers LER] 33-19* "n m4 1 TII : nc |. or dal * 29. sep. 33 26. " en m rt . TL } Na Kk a : i (i D | É ¢ 248 ) | The diftances betwixt rhe Planets were meafüred with. the Micrometer and fixteen foor Glafs,. from the fixed Stars with che Sextant: thofe of the twelfth day by my a-- fiftant, my felf being then very. ill of the Stone, the reft by. my felf;. Look no diftances on the feventeenth day for de- ‘termining. their Latitudes not being wellable to abide lon-- gerin the cold Air :. thefeit requifite may be borrowed for ~~ prefent ufe. from: the. Caroline. tables; which by continual: obfervations.and experience I find not very much ertoneous. in the Latitudes of the Planets. On the 22 day the Planet Zupzzer was in confequence of Saturn fomething lefs diftant from .him chen he had- been. obferved on the fift day. near the fame hour. Hence the middle time berwixt thefe obfervations is point- : ed out for the time of their true Conjunction, but tode— . termine ic more.accurately I fhall examine the obfervations. made with the Sextanr on the feventeenth. day which. being neareft the time are moft proper for this purpofe. _ The correct Longitude of the Heel of Caffor is now $ Qo 50’ 42//its. Latitude 51/40" South. Fhe Latitude- of Saturn by the Caroline tables 56' 20" of jngiten Als 20!) ^ both North. | By the affumed Lade of: Saturn 56 20" and his di. - ftance from the Heel of Caftor obferved and corrected 48° ..33'30". I find their difference of POSEE: qm 30' 374° -\ therefore Saturn in Leo.19*.21! 19^... | By the Latitude of Jujster . affumed. j13 sina his di. . ftance from the Star 48? 45! 20^: their. digit eee of Lon- — - gitude 48? 43° só" and Jupiter's place in Leo, 19? 34' 3977 3 ... Hence Jupzters place in Gonfequence of Saturne 13! 20^ with. which and the diftance of their centers obferved the - fame night. .29' 12", T find the wue difference of their Las titudes 154 20” but half-a..Minüte. different from what I. affumed iton the Authority ofthe Tables. | The apparent motion of uro from the fourteenth tO. | | . the. —————————————— (249 7 | the eighteenth day of October by an Ephemeris exactly cal- culated and made agreeable to thefe obfervations is 29/ 16", of Saturn 15' ot" both dire&t, hence the motion of Jupiter from Saturn in fourdaysis 14/15". I fay there. fore as four days motion or 14/15" is to four days or 96 hours. fois 13/20", which Jupzter ispaft che Conjunction of Saturn ; to ainety hours or three days eighteen hcurs, the Time interlapfed fince the Conjunction, which raken from the feventeenth day fifteen hours, the time of my ob- fervation gives the true time of the Conjunction of the two Planets on the thirteenth day One and Twenty hours after Noon or according to che common account, the four- rgenth day at Nine a Clock in the Morning. e ' At whichtime Saturn is with Jupiter in 19" 07$ of Leo with 15’!more Northern Latitude. . | "The Ada. Eruditorum Lipfienfia Pag. 366 makethis Con- junction to have happened the fame day in the fame Longi- tude with the Eleventh Star of Leos whofe place they State in Leo 19° 04! Latitude 6 16' North. with fourteen Minutes . difference of Latitudes betwixt the two Planers. But their _ obfervation feems to have been made onely by the judg- ment of the bare eye, without an !nftrument,which con- dered; T wonder not that itdiffers ac allj but rather that. the difference is fo {mall from this determination. 16833 On, the Nineteenth of January following: viewing. the Planets then both retrograde with the fixteen foot Glafs. Hound them pean within a nreafurable diftance of ofeach other, that Evening I meafured. f cts 7 T CPSs sews 0S3 t .j4m 19. 6, 41. betwixt chem Genters. 33 1 4$ — : : rep. 33 49 Betwixr their remote limbs 23 Hi WB 38. Lhe. $2» : jen. (250 ) dien v uh T both the Planets being | in e i the Sun 15333523 om | eR 6, i betwixt their Centers. iz: sbeitt DRE begs las : Jet rep. 15. 06, 1» 2, 00, Betwixt their remote cts % | 15 31, "ent By I. BPUID. ooi E rep. 1$ 29, Spe) BetWixt their Centers UN ME PHA UIS Ot. 19 uie 3 1; tS Ce — 1X L517374 Betwixt theirs next limbs UNIUS OF 2S HE 207 ; ju rep. 14 31 TE: o again 14:26. 9 a Fapitersom the heel of Gator ' 46.18.10 | Iep. 46 18 o5 nno 28 ‘Saturn from the faid beet” ^ um a a AS aer / “TOL Nba] 5 Vadim iii AS 5; 37 Fu ite ftom the piste "S JUS to 2 gi he Lions Head & ni ratos | | "ep. & 42 05. aon EET Sater from the fame Star. hie! uu sd 5s. ono. Leda eH a? 8.29740. M uA om Jupiter from: the Lions Heus at alla DT DL E ! .. fep. 8 17 55. IU gh Satwes roni che fame Up 9 29 35 T3 rep. 8 29) 35. 59 The'l. imer ftom Ein the Dry s pr2i 581 50,9 ES Pea he heel.of Caffor from the Lions Heart : $4 134 ;20«: Cu The heel of (affer from E 9, vn yeh 46 : 124^ 45e. Which lat Three Diftances'are exa&l y: the mie Thad © | salue xcd on athe cen t night. b i59 S Wig e DAS. jer (T ELA gg: Betis theie Centeis ' panos. Smet, L^ 3001 TRTAPUSEE i009: 10d Eo frg ons Aib gage Beim thein remote limb 531.58. 36 à ^ $^ iil | epe l2 or. ; 38 Betwixt their next fimbs ! "TF ol. €. abies and f ! —. fép. 11 oo. Feb. 7. 37 Bde «iei Centers TIN VB 19 a EN CET See Tuas edipi Pit Mi^ a fCpe 28 344 (R51) : “The diftances of che two Planets from each other as ilo. is ian the fixed Stars were taken at other intermediate, -timés betwixt thefe, as often as the Clouds and ill wea-. . ther of the feafon would permit, bur Í rranfcribe them not, efteeming thefe fufficient for my purpofe, which isto . fhew: the t;ue times of their PSHE Conjunctions with y : their vifible placesthen. "o -Fromr obfervations formerly made, T have determined : the true Sn and Latitudes to this pea, time of CG f Ss ok ATIS Toc " gt EGG % Y The Heel of £ Caftors. ie 28 (og: ioo ost 40 South. vati Bright * in the Lions head. € Lea 16.15:27/3 0:9;4E07 Noriby:c: lions Heart. o : Le» 2$ 24 45 O0 26 20 North, And. from the above recited Meafures, the true ee of the Planets from thefe Dae January the 26th. at ¢ nae p. m. as follows, Q oH ee from the Heel of Caflor. . ete | 46 09 OO Jupiter from the fame. / 46 18 10 - Saturz from the Lions: Heart. auus: i 110109.,29. 40 Fupiter from che àme 7 o Pigs $us FO ARS OD Saturn fom the bright X in the nee kia EO EON a0 Fapiter rom the fame . pd dq 4zgo0 | Whence I colle& ihe true Ses at c this time. $ 0, Is Doig 1401 ‘Of A LE atid dn Ds bd L 465 to OF Gapter. Leotz o7 10. Latitude, 1 Of 30. Differs renc: of Longitude. 30:00; OF Latitdde, 11 40. The Retrograde motion of Jupiter from Saturn in four days, betwixt the twenty fixth and thirtieth ofthis Month, by. my correct Ephemeris is 12! 15! Lfay therefore as 12’ 15! isto four days:or 96 hours; fo is ro! co" the difference ofthe Planets prefent Longitudes to.78 hours or three days fix hours, which therefore added to the time of that obfervation January the 254 9* 4 gives the true time of the Con« wr. | C252.) . dan 29.16. hours after noon or according to tbe; common account January the 30. at Four a Clock in the Morning At which, time both the Planets are in 5. 16. 41. ¢ with rr: min. difference of Latitude or Diftance from ue other. Which is further confirmed by the meafured diftances of the Planets on the 30 at night before recited. On the 26. day at 9*40/ the funs true place was. by a Tables in 5: 17? 21/3. fo. that He. was now about 5 ; of a.de- gree paft their oppofition. | Towards the latter end of the following Apri the Planetzgi- piter began to approach Saturn again both being now direct ; - the Twenty Eighth at night with the Sixteen foot glafs and. mis crometer 1 meafured. thediftances DIC SETA | ipo. 5f M 46 Apr H ro 21 Betwixt their Caicos : oO 32/3$ 43 rep. 32 33 24 Betwixt their. uext limbs. | 32 04 26 rep. 32 o2 10 29 Betwixt their remote limbs 33 21 . This laft not accurate, Clouds interpofing May 7 8 59 Jupiter from the Lions Heat ^ 10 $9 00 9 ol .Tep. 10 59 00 . 3x Saturn from the Lions heart 10 58 50 5 rep. 10 58. 50 X1 Jupiter from Ein the Lions hesr ^ € $9 34 Ag” Tep. : $5 40 17 Saturn from the fameStat — |. — 8 39 40 19 rep. 8 39 40 Wath the DU ANR 30 Betwixt their Centers 15 38 33 (ca Pepe Y$ 37 35 Betwixt their next limbs /120/3T7X01W3-q9 09^ — 38 E ae wae POL oda te X41c0 | 48 Betwixt their remote limbs 7.016 o2 | rep. 15 58. With the Sextant again . £h IO 29 Jupiter from B in f. si 38 11 45. | 3 ae ue P i258: | Batty ats stl 33. d rep. 38,11 4: de E GR WE EY: bii from‘the fame Star sida .29 I0 55 i3 13y|1E2 sbi ig ! HAUS eHOLSTBI S. aA. Mg 11 9* 28! Betwixt tlie Centers Nc bi zo! o2!! in Aa | | 3113 ue rep. 20 02 tere 36. 9. 21 Betwixt theit Censos LM Tideo f T T LIN. ipe from diete Oitetions I dite the Diflinces: af dn Pla- nets from the fixed Stars May the Seventh at t9" de P. Me: as ‘follows. ^ Saturn trom Lak Lyne Lea: OL DGS | 2ENO? B 30 S ok from the fame IO 59 CO 2. - —— Satarnfrom Ein the Lyons. lead" /G13J9 w$ 40 PINS ‘tz Jupiter from thefame 9. | 8.45513 Hencethe: true Longitude of Sar. S.14^ 27 ptos UN 12! 46! North it of Jupiter . $14 26 34. Tat. 56. 43 North Difference of Longitude puto Lac. 16 o3 NE ue er The Difference of Latitueds fomething dein the Difta nce | mea'red with the Micrometer, by reafon thatthe Wind then baking the Sextant permitted us not to be fo exact as ufually , .but the difference,being, lefs than half à minute; efteem i incon- fiderable. "aues — "Thediurnal mc: ion of Jupiter from Saturn was now 3! 15", it holds. therefore as 3' 15" one days motion; is: to one di ‘or Twenty Four hours ; fo t' '04!! the Diftance of Jupiter from -thed with Satzrn to Eight hours, the interval betwixt the ob- - fervation and f. lowing Conjunction, which was therefore 17" after Noon , or according tothe vulgar reckoning , May the Eighth at Five a Ciock in the Morning. At v hich time the crueplaceofthe Planets is 1 14° 28 2 the "difference: of their Latitudes’ 15/ 40" Saar Being” fo much ‘more Nor therly than unter oe .., Inall or beft efteemed Aftronom: ical Tables extant the mean. “Motions OF the Planet Saturn are (00 (wifes ot Jupiter too flow : cn] | “COH= eye Wer dudo MELLE confiderably , hence it came to pafs. that they made the direct Conjunctions fome days later , the Retrograde eatlyer then they were found by obfervation.... .. - Argolus gives. the firft. Conjunction Offober the Twentieth at Noon, in 2.192 55!. above fix.days later and 48 min. for- warder in the Ecliptick than.it.appeared;.. The fecond January the Nineteenth at Midnight in 9:17 $6! above ten days earli- er than.it; was obferved, and 1 &. deg... fort. of its true place in tne Eclpuück.., The laft €Conjunétion. he hath May the Six- reenth inthe Evening.in 115° 35's Nine days later, than it really was,, and in. above adeg..: 1efs. Longitude. E. Oo, QF OE ni E. 2113 (CIC $3 b / or By Keplers Rudolphine Tables January. 26 9 40 "Ehe place of Saturn.is 0 17° 21' r0" his Latitude I» r1 187 N . but was obferved 9 16 57 0 his Latitude 1 13 10 jd Difference 25:460: | we mr The place of Jupiter Sv 16 5129 Latitude — Y o4 28 obferved L317 0710 ' I OF 30 Difference |. 15 4t | nahe _y The Errors of the Caroline and Britifh Tables of our Coun- tymen,arefomewhat lefs than thefe , but other Tables gene- - rally differ more,.as.thofe that are defirous to be informed will | find by compareing their own Calculations with the Obferva- - tions before recited. . . T | . cao Keeczolzin the Second part of the firft Tome of his 4/mage/t, - has given us a Table of all the mean Conjunctions of the T wo- Superiors fromthe Creation to the year of Chrift 2358. bur very Cou:feand incorrect. I have therefore made a Newone - for 43 Revolutions which are Compleated 853 Julian. Years, and 235 days from their corre& mean Motions. This being the: Period of the; greateft Conjunétions after which {pace of time - they return to the fame place of. the Zodiack within ;-of a de--- iMibadsin io cot Y arsi T 1 . The Ordinary Conjundtions happen once in Twenty Years. or, more precifely in 19, Julian Years and 312. days» in which : . time. VM Job ocu INE ME ‘time Saturns mean motion is8* o2» 48/ t. Jupiter's "(he fame above one Revolution. - | - Thefe are commonly termed che Leffer of the great Con- junctions , which continue inSigns of the fame Triplicity -for ro. Revolutions to each other or 198 Years: cach Conjunction according to the mean Motions being 8° 02° 48’ stemoved from the Preceding, 4o that if any Con. lowing {hall be in 2e 48’ of a and all the following for 198 years fhall fall in Y svand #, figns of the{ame T riplicity. But the Eleventh Conjunction after fhall happen in the firft degree of Wand the following Ten ConjunCtions in & mand *», Signs of the fime Triplicity. Of thefe the owing was made upon the firft point of y the next fol- Firft is called by our Aftrologers the Greater Conjun- Hop. | > | 4 pcd But the greateft is, when after 43 Conjun&ions com- pleated in 853 years 235 days, the mean Conjunctions having been made in all the figns rerurnto that point of the Echptick from whencethey began: tho I maft con- fefs had I been to name them | fhouid have called thofe the Greateft which happen in the figns $ and. 9, becaufe then the Planers rife higheft, and are longeft vifible in our Horizon , as alfo being near their North Nodes , they ap- proach neareft,and if they have any extraordinary influence (which Naboyd thinks either they have nor, or if they U have, we underftand not) ir muft according to their Axi—- - gc ^4 " hofe which happen in * and z: I fhould call the Greater or Middle,becaufe the Planets being {then near their South Nodes, may approach each orher again very neatly tho they iy F ife not high in our Horrizon» being in Southern Signs 5 the reft might be accounted the Lefer or Ordinary. — — | The mean Con;un&ion of Saturn and Jupiter this year — 1683. wason the Fourteenth day of January old stile at 32 hours afrer Noon in che Meridian of London, at which. time the mean motions of both is were 4^ 11* 45! ET... Li2 this C2359.) 7 , this may be the Radix for the, Following Table.» ...... , . Ry which to find the time, of any. mean Conjundion _- paftor füture neareft to any place ofthe Zodiack For times paff ., fubltrac the Longitude of the given place from the _ Longitude of the Radix 4: 11^, 45^ the, refidue (eek ia the Taft Column.of the rable;if you find not the precife pum \ ber- sake the next tp it, againft rhis you have in the fecond Column the ycars and days, and in the firit the number of Conjunctions alt fince any was made ia, that place, Sub- tz. Cc che gears aud days from 1^8 3, January the Fourteenth and the motion from 4* 115.15/ fo have you the rrue time sf the raeia Conjanétions and Longitudes of he Planer \ De"fh. 1: e d Airlo. 15/ the re(idue is 6° ir?r3/ which, fc «T1648: | 3 No C 457 3 the. Y? 465 29^ to the Radix 4s rto. 45/ it makes 6: o? 14! for the true mean Longitude of this Conjunéton. - ' From the mean Gonjunction the Apparent may be found by the help'of à Pianetary Inftrument , or the ufual Aftro- nomical. abless but the, method i leave to the Judg- ment of the.Skilful Artift, onely advifeing him that in flateing thefe € Conjunctions I-have-not made.ufeof any extant Tables, but of fuch Numbers as [have corrected by very late. Obiervations eed ee the Ancient. elo T- Pr qe obfervatory, . t Tay 25. | 1683. i ‘ f My uH ake E, 4 A: : ^ a ( j z ^ * $ i nt we H ^ B E , ¢ | BN * -— ES 3 , ^ | , a y^ Pe E] s^ m « UM omae] DII ce f wer pete e Nah, " vetns sd 5 ts E i í £ ie 4 * i ( (258 ) A Table of the mean Conjunctions of Saturn ‘and | Japicer. with their Intervals in time and Mo- tion. | S ac NE | | pm pvo ar Nears ~ dais. Minh lutions icOplete. 5 olay 1) 19. 3128. 02 48 2| 39 15844. 05. 37 3| 39. 2040. Co. 25} 4 79- 1508. 1150715 | $ 99. 096 4. 14.'OI 6j119. 42; OQ. 16.:$0 2]1389. 353[8. ‘FO. 33) $.i158... 2994. “22. 26 9 |178. 245lo. 25. 15; | Io 198. 191|8. 28. o3| 11/218, 1375. 00 51 ae 233. 33/6 03. 46| 13 (258. 299. o6. 38} 14 277. . 3405. 09. I1Ó6| 19.297. 2861. 12. O4| |1,16/317.. 2329. 14.53 I3|337... 178|$4 27. 4} 131357. 124. 20. 29| -| *9 B77 709. 23. 18] IPSOM CS I6|$. 26. 06 21 416. 327 I, 28. s4|. 22/436. 273/10. et. 43| 23456 2196. 04. 31 | 24 476. 1652, 97. 19 Hb» mao) | SES pe | 4 Lutervals, - Revo- | Yearse daies} ‘Motion. Jutions oS coplete. I" 25|496. 111|10. 40. © 26 |$16. "7576. '12. 5 27 1536+ 3/2. 15. 44 2x18 |555.. 315/10. 18. 3: 29 |575* ps 21. 23 30 |§95- 2067/2. 24. 09 31|61!5. 153,10, 26. 57 32 |635- 99 6. 422».43 33|655- 45|3 02+ 3 34/674. 35611. oS. 22 35 1694. 302 7, o9. 1€ 36 734+. 248];. 10. 59 37 734. 194|t1. Pe 47 38 754* 1407. 16. 35 391774. 863. 19.2 32|1 T1. 22. 12 acea 49 |794- Ma. ER 3437. 25. 00 42 j933- ! 2893. 27- 49 43|953- 2350. oo. 37 B 2i Sm, De I’ Organe de I’ Ovie par . Mons Du Verney. 8° 4 Paris 1683. T[Ba you may know w:toexpect from Monf* Dz Ver- * mey'streatife of the Organ of Hearing, the Firft thing to be confidered is, the Natural,and therefore the Beft,zze- thod-he hath taken in it. The Book is divided into three parts, the firft of which contains his Anatomical Difcoves - ries of the ftructure of the Organ it felf ; The Second pare gives us. the ufe of all the parts of that Organ, grounded »upon the Mecbani(m of the whole; the Third and laft pare containeth the D/feafes incident to this Organ, with a full-defcription of the feveral caufes which difaffect it, sand-the manner they act by, together with particular Re- ~medies for each Diflemper. — | The Zar is firft divided into the External and the Inter- - nal : the External is compofed ofa Cartilage covered with. ^aSkin very delicate; under which you meet with another Nervous tegument, that. immediately embraces the whole - Cartilage, which after fome few folds terminates in. that -partof the Ear which we call the Concha, from itsrefems -^blance to the entrance of a fnail-fhel : befides thefe it hath two Mufcles . the Firft is made up of certain carneous Fzbres. fixt to that part of the Perzcraniwm that covers the mufcu- lous Crotaphytes, and defcends ina ftraight lineto infert it felf at the upper part of the fecond folding of the Ear : the. Second likewife confifts of five or fix Carneous Fzbres that take their rife from the upper and foremoft part of the 4- pophyfis Maftordes , and defcending obliquely for about an “inch terminate at the. middle of the Concha, Arterzes it hath | | ‘from: mf 2b. ‘fromthe Carotéd’s one branch of which paffeth behind, and . the other before, and the diftribution of thefe is attended by Veins from the external Jugular. | The hole of the, Ear isa Tube reaching from the Concha ^to the. Dram and confifts partly ofa Cartilage , and partly ofa Bone.the Skin that covers it isfurnifhed. withan infinite - ‘numberof Glandules of a Yellowith colour , each of which hath its Tube opening into the cavity of the Éar;ind fend. ing forth that yellow glewy fubftance which is ordinarily . "found there: atthe end of this paffage is feated the 442- "brane called the Drum and is almoft round, dry, ‘thins and -tranfparent », and is inchafed ‘in achannel cut inthe bone atthecnd of thar Tube. After this Membrane’ fücceedsa cavity Which he calls the Barrel, from the likenefsit hath to the Barrel of a Drum, being on the fides encompaffed by the Bon: , .clofed before by that Membrane; and behind by “the furface of the os Petrofum. This Bartel o&che-Drum contains. in it five forts of things remarkable; vixi CE WO Channels , Two Apertures; Four ME Three Muftles; and One Branch of the Nerve. The Channel that goes from the Ear to the Palate he Callsthe Aqueduét , and deniesit -to have any-Valves io hinder the paflage, of ay thing from the Ear; the Apertures «. "iE Wardens are fáclenesi In théisaperf- cies of the Os Petrofum oppofite to the Drum; thehigheft : js the Oval Window.in the bottom of whichis a fmall edg on which.che Bafs ot the Incus refts s the other*which is called the. Round Window, has ‘a (mall Channel in which is fet a very fine, dry, and diaphanous Membrane like that of the Drum. The firft of the vas is ihe Malleus ;the leng:h of - Which is commonly about Four lines ( or Fourof Twelve ' parts of an Inch}che Diame: er of its breadth isthe Third of. - itslength ; che Second is ihe Znczs 5 ^ th^ longett of whofe tn isjoyned to the Shee by the mediation of: sake Fourth one... Of the Three Mafcles which “are contained in a this Cavi- ty ; ( 261 ) ty, twobelong to the Malleus, the Third to the Stapes y. laftly, the branch of^the Nerve which paffes behind the Drum has been taken by fome for the Tendon of the Ma/cle of the Malleus , isa branch of the Fifth pair. 35 »ü The TwoW/ndows'open into a cavity which is hewn in the os Petrofum and called the Labyrinth, divided likewife | into three parts wz. the Entery of the Laberenth , the three Sem circular Canals, and the Snail -foel d fist 251 The entry of the Labyrinth is fituated behind the oval Window and hath Nine apertures, vix. the Oval one and Eight more, the Firft of which leads into: the upper part of the $zail-/bel , Five belong to the’ Semi: circular Canals} and the two laft tranfmit two branches of the fofter por— tion of the Auditory Nerve &c. Pe au Pugs - :Theimplanted air he takesto be.that contained within’ the above mentioned Windows ,: which being both clofed, the one by the bafe of the Srapes ; the other by a Membrane of its own, dofufficiently forbid any intercourfe between that and the external air, and difcourfing of the Nerve which paffes along the Mufculus Majtotdes and the Parotids to the Ear, he deduces itfrom the fecond pair of the Verte-. ‘bral Nerves whichshe fays, Dr. Willis brings frem the che firft- The differences of this Organ inthe Fetus are that the bony part of the entrance to the Earis nothing bur.an hard Membrane, that there. isa ring which ferves for a frame to the Tympanum feparable trom the Os Tempo- rum; tho afterwards united ro irs: and that while the Fetus is yet inthe womb, the Tympanum is covered with a inucilagenous matter, which afterward bardens intoa Membrane, though at length it torally difappears &c; \ The Small-bones;she Labyrinth,cne Canals, che Snail-fbel, and otheriüternal parts have the fame Figure, and to ap- pearance the fame bulk in Infants weh they have in Men, and all that years contribute to them is Strength and Soli- dity.. Haveing given an exact defcription of: the parts ofthe Ear, he tollowsit with the ufe of chofe parts. Mm "The "nd ( 262.) | Ehe external Eaf collects the founds, and augments the - impreffion by the various. refle&ions the voice undergoes in its paflage through the folds ofit, The ufeof the Muféles _he acknowleges to;be obícure ; rhough he -gueffes their aCtion may beto contract , or.dilate the Conchaas the trem- _ blings of the,i4e are ftrong, or weak. 9) >: » In the Internal: Eats the Lympanum is ftretched and made flack apain, by the mufcles of the Malleus , inthe tenfion ofitboth the 7z/cler a&, bur in the relaxation onely the external,; whofe a&ion itis to reduce it from aConcave to a Plain. 2 -all.-which' is manifeft fromthe» infertion of the — Müfcler : the determination of which a€tion he:deduces 5 not from the will ; .but from the various difpofitions, and appulfe of the Objeéts, as a fhatp note iscaüfed by a body whófe parts are fo difpofedas to:be capable:of very quick Vibrationss which they as fuddainly imprefs:on the Air 5 on.the contraty.; the flat note proceeds from the /lomer Stroaks of a body with parts that canonely’ be fo agitated ; to which differences the ‘Tympanum readily complies, and does as it were put on their particular Charaéter: j| chis is delivered hence to the Malleus, and fo forward. till at laft tlie fame fluctuation is caufed in the Os Petrofum;and it the. SE Labyrinth. giga | pays] The Aquiduit ferves chiefly for. the: ingrefs and egrefs . Of Airy.to and from the Cavity into which it opens, and not tofupply the defect of the Lympanum s whichehe: argues . fioma deaf mans hearing the foundiofansdmférwment; then; and then onely whenhe holds the Neck of iit berweemhis Teethi d : CNET E dt RE IPLA: "The immediate Organ of hearing he perfwades to be 1 the three semz-circular Canals » they -being found imall4- mmals and in fome onely they s as in Bzrds, and. Fz/bes. From the Communication ofthe harder portion ‘of the | Auditory. Nerve with the branches of the Fifth Pair, which — are diftributed to the Organs of theVorre , proceeds that - 2315q 5] 16 Sy 934 se a EV Sym- * ——! —- » H " eres | | € $2.2 Sympathy between fpeakiag and hearings. from the Com- munication of other Nerves follow the Motzons of the Body, and even of the Sperits, which often accompany the founds "we hear asin the effects of Adufich Gc. | coh After the explication of the Stru@ture andufe of the Or— gan, follow the Difeafes incident toit, where he obferves ‘the method he before made ufe of, and affigns D/feafes to the particular parts in the order they lye, asthar the ex- ternal ear is fubjeQt moft of all to a Pain which commonly feizes the Concha, and the whole Duéfus even to the very Lympanum , andis attended with Punétion, Erofion, Ten. — fron» a fence of Weeght and Pulfation, each of which Symp- toms he explains apart, afferting Pain it felf to be the efs, feCt of the Solutzon of the Continuity of its parts, and what foever can procure the ove, mult neceffarily produce the other. | ae, Uy ee The fecond Diftemper is the Znflamation of the Ductus. caufed either by the obftruction of the Glandules, the Acri- mony of the Humours or fometimes by Wormes , whichare either generated there Eguzvocally, or more probably hatched out of Egs of Infeéfs , which flying about ia the air im vaft numbers may not unlikely lay themin the Ear. The third Dz/eafe of this part is its obffrutlion, proceed- ing from different caufes, as from bodies accidentally gotten into it; fromthe abundance and petrifying of the . Wax,froma preternatural Afembrane,carneous Excrefcences, or {welling of the Glandules. d | — . The diftempers of the Drum are its Flaccidne[s,its grow ing Callous, too great Tenfion, and breaking, thofe of the. internal Ear are the Carzes of the bone, and znflammation — ofthe Membranes; The Nerve is likewife fubject to 0b- Jiru£lion, ox Compreffion. Laft of all be difcourfes of the noife in the Ear which is a Symptome attending moft of the Difeafes of it. The Cafes he brings for the confirmation of all this , as likewife the remedies may be firft {een in the | | Ake M m2 Mx M ae T | Author, This Doctrine is all along illuftrated with Fzgurer of the parts in fixteen large Tables; in which-each part is re- prefented larger than in nature it is, for the clearer per- ‘ception of it, as alfo ofits connexion with, and relation tothe other parts , he hath given us a new. draught of the Bafis of the Brain, which he expofes more to view by cut- ting off the hinder Lobes 5 and: fo -placeing the Brain, and Cerebellum in the f: ame. plain which he looks upon to be ab- . folutely neceffary for a true profpe& of the Medulla oblon- gata, and the Origine. of all the Nerves which proceed from . " , t ur 1 9 b. quU Y & d j] i » ie 6. Pht KW) & be 4k <2 Vaated WAT AR Yr e AES ^ í ^ rd iM x ; . el si = CIES 1 ual ate Mae i UO £A Tre c Um S - CL Y - ARON EN Ei9ILALUY iE! {i 4s ae NS 3d p X. ae ba Ia. AM PE 4g. 23191 L4 3 Ww MAD la z ., c3 - V 1 Exi i £M t P 4 1i A Trigo 4 + re « " Stee i. -—" © * Lid ha 2À9W AX Lil. 44 7d. A2 (Ti) LA XL) £3 UN 64a sb "de | vx LTA : : : L Js E - 54g 9 a. rs " " " " . " Y , t: a E ^ , LI 1 . " , £s , ^ t E I " i ^ "L , * jill. ws ibs & : à " ! ' , y ' NEN ^ * Á 1 ^ Sr aN “RUS CR By t L P d rer Tr?H rFT. m LS A ESOS CILE 4C! QU IN SAN S31 :03 j^ ee we | eae | 114.224 * E oe ^" : 7 3 * d - "i ^ ¥s 1 ^ "m $ ^ € pote i : 4 n. D - i — € AC i " b > , t. " VE a 5 : T a m M NETT NES RRNREAEMEN 2. d -——— a da a mos Goes) - An Account of Two Letters of Mr. Pe. . rault, and Mr. Mariotte, concerning — - Mfion ; Printed at Paris 1682. T" He Occafion of thefe Two Letters, was an Obleryation i™ of Mr. Marjottes » that any Object is not feen when the |». Species light upon the Bafs of the Optic Nerve, The Exe periment upon which it is grounded is this: take a piece of white paper of Six Inches Dzameter, and faften ir upon a dark coloured Wall, that it may be level with your Eyes take another {mall piece of Paper and place it towards your Left hand, at Two Foot diftance from the former , but about Two !nches higher on the Wall: if you then remove «o the diftance of Fight or Nine feet, and clofe the left Eye, fixing the Right upon the fimaller piece of pa- per; the Larger paper will quite difappear. - | It is necat all doubted but the /mage which fhould appear falls juft upon the Bafe of the Optic Nerve, it is alfo cer- tain that che Reina is to be found in that place; : buc the Choroid not 3 which givesa very fair fufpition to Mr. Ma- riotte, that the chorozde is the feat of /7//on , and not the Re- una. i The Novelty of this Opzgion. hath found many Oppofers » and among che reft Monfieur Perault, whole Arguments in the firft Letters are in fhort reduced to Three Heads: 1. Ifthe chororde were the feat of Viton, its function would be hindred by the branches of Blood Veffels lying in the Ketea. | 2. The Chororde Should not be rugged and unequal rae d Me ar — ( 266 ) hard and thick s nor have a flimy or dirtinefs upon it; to hinder the Impreffion of light, nor want a Communication with the optick Nerve, | . S. If the want of Vz/on in the foregoing Experiment , may befalved by any of the Two probable reafons here offered; then there is no need of difcharging the Rezzzz. - To the Firítof cheíe Mr. Mariotte an{wers s That there gf i: carry the blood areclear and Pe/lucid, caufing a Refrattion thatis helpfuLio Kepam. owe ee Here alfo may enter fome general confiderations as that the impreffion: of a luminous Objed remains fometime in the Organ : that (ome Fzbrer being ftrongly moved, others. near them arealfo in motion: that the Eyes are always in motion, and very hard to be fixt in one place, thoit Wecd-fred. e n LT I A To the Second head he anfwers, That the concavity ofthe Chorod cannot be very rugged: for upon the dif- fe&ting an Eye, and removeing the Reza ,. the furface of the Charozde has reflected an Object as diftin@ly as a con- cave Speculum. "That there appears nofoyls ordirtinefs; — till the outward | Cutzcle be broke, and then the Organ is diforderd. ‘As for the thicknefs of its he fays he finds it in a man but as-a fheet of Paper» or the Pra Ma- ter inthe brain. That the Blood Veffels are weaved to- Ba. | | gether (267 ) gether with the Nerves upon which Account there may be aS true afence of Light in them as there is of Pain in-the-hand (which is alfo full of Flood Veffels-) when it is prickt with the point of a Needle: and perhaps the prefence of Vezns and Arterces in a member, is abfolutely neceflary to fenfibility. The blacknefs of the CLoroide may make its nicenefs of fence, as we fee Paper blackt eatieft fires. He fays the Chorocde does communicate with the - Optick Nerve; by which Nerve he does not underftand the Marrow, or inner part of it, which is infenfible; bur the Membrane (being part of the Pia mater) which incompaffes it, and is the true Organ of fence not only in the Eye, but al- fo in the Zar : whereas the Marrow of the Nerves contain only fpirirs and liquour ufeful to motion. de "Tothe Third head, where Mr. Perault gives reafons why there is no Vifion upon the Bafe of the Optik Nerve, as firft fuppofing that Vifion is to be made on a fmooth furface, the Optick Nerve which is a bundle of Fibres is not Ímoothe'd at its firft entring the Reza» but afrer- wards when the Fbres are difTolved, and fpread into a Coat, "a$when Rags are madeinto Paper. — | i « Here Mr. Marzotte ( Uf Yrightly comprehend him) de- -myes the Retina! s confifting of Fires , affirming it to have nothing but a Mucoulnefs with fome Veins and Arteries. But if [ am not miftaken (in an Experiment of Dr. Breggs’s, a Retina put into'a Glafs of fair Water, and drawn about under Water, both for the Expanding and Magnifying it. appeared plainly to have a fibrous texture, like that ofa piece of very fine Lawn. | -.In the Second place, Mons: Perault fappofes that the Choroide being: pierced by the Optick Nerve, there may come a light thro the parts ofthe Eye, the back way; in- to the Optich Nerve, which would fpoyl the fenfe of another light coming thro the Pupil. | . Butthis Mr. Mariotre will by no meams agree too. Haftoria ( 268) Ld (Caan da yet. CE Vig 22021220 Hifloria. Naturalis, Helvetiz Curiofa, Authore Fob, Jacobo Waguero M. D, Tiguri; — (ps qum ^ Au A500 40 5401 1.08 d tad dT "n a y QUE See CY CT He Author profes chat he undertook:to write the Natural Fiftory of Switzerland upon the Invitation of inote a true Experzmental Philofophy. . ti &i ol He divides his Boo into Seven Sectons, In: the Firlt he: lays down the Antient and Modern Limits of FZeloetza , to- gether with the general qualities of the Soil. 2 5 ^ ^ In the Second he fpeaks generally of thename of the. 4lps,and their height, difference of feafons.and fruitfulnefs, of [ce remajning inre Lwo. or Three Hundred years, in. which fome of the Cracks have been obferved to be three: my Lord Bacon, and. with. an. Intention thereby to pro- -o rs d : +s vA « "n or four Hundred Ells deep, of the Cold of the Labzgz; or: . Heaps of Som rolling off the Mountains, and bearing down Woods and Villages: of Caverns, Grottes, and great Re- the Mountains doing often great mifchief. 555 a. " CS x3 2 + ^ ceptacles of Waters, of the fall of the Earth or partiof - . An the Third concerning Waters,he enumerates the Lakes. Rivers, Cataratls, Baths hot and cold, Medicinal Waxers: to drink, Salt and Bituminous Springs, Petritying waters, Springs rifing and intermicting at certain feafons,waters: caufing a {welling under the throat, miraculous or fabu- lous waters, among which he {peaks particularly of: the Lake of Pelate {aid by Thirty Five feveral Whiters te caufe Tempefts, rain; Thunder &c.. if any ching were caft into it; bur the Author from bis own, experience refutes chis M TT Mr e a ee ely d are Error, and aíures us that. he foundita, very tamePuddle, — — - not deferving to be called a Lake. " in (1269 7 Iti the Fourth: Wibasints of«Liviug Creatures frit of ‘thes Men andi their’ ‘Size at prefent: (the. he; mentions the "Bones formerly found of fuppofed. Grants). of their, Cou- rage and Strength , of their Longevity 4 s olificknefs: and Ingenuity: Oftheir Cows andthe: Adyanrages t they! have. from them, of the: ZTair-Balls, found: in-them,. whereof ‘the Author took feven out ofione Stomack ;. of the Spleen ‘of an Ox, weighing Thirty pound. The cther Beafis ‘more peculiar to the place arelarge Staggs, Bears, Wolves, “Wild Cats,* Beavers, : Linx's,. Marmots, Mactrees,. White ‘Hares White Squirils; White Moles; White. Weatels, the ‘Roé-Buck, ther Ibex; ithe Rupicapia in which are, found the Balls called Gems-Kugels... BeGides thefe, here | iare -fometimes Mofchelaphi generated of aStagand a Cow; and "Hippotauri generated, of a.Bullanda Mare... Of their Birds the chief,are the, Yilloweand Bi Bi lack Eagles, the Vultur; the-Hawk»the Falconythe wild Duck. > feveral forts of wild’ Geefe, che- Pelican, the Cock of the wood, the Wood-Pecker, the Red- -eg-P'artridge ,. the Ring Oirzeb the Bittern, the Groufe, the.Horn Ow], - the Raven. Pyrrhecorax,;Merula Torquata, Lagopus 3 white Bird as big asa large Pidgeon having: the. degs seither ds ; «c. e The Fibs ra not communicating with the Sed jn £00 miles) are Salmon, Barble, Trout, Carp, P Perch, Guiniad, "TYamprey, Lampern, Mallets Helpline aad the greateft of ais the Silutus's, &c.. ^c The Crefifh are foie: of them red, when er are AW. and fome Azure coloured, fome of then are not red after 'boling;they are taken notice of to have three teethin the 2 Stomack, land the Males to have a double Penzss; “Among the Unfeéts: are -defcribed the. Mila Aguatilis efivn majot of Moufet; Along fly with sed Wings and the — Carabus, there are alfo mentioned three forts of Locutts, the Spanifhfly; the Evechur, the Oyl. Beetle, the Cereus | uA eid & fott-of Scorpions, not poifonous and without Nn | Tail: | 45270 ) Tail’ , the Puno: campi 5\.-and! Snowy Worms: ; ' Sérpents chete are.) no doubt; but the Authortaxes pains to prove theexiftence of Dragons; with Feet; and without Feet, Wing d, and without Wings, as big asa May-pole, but the: Authorities. are either old Hiftories, er Storiegc at the fecond hand,’ with few Citcumftances. ;. c [ne the | Fifth Seétion he fpeaks‘of the Trees &c.. As the awhite and red Fir-tree (from the colour’ of their Bark). thefe ate the moft natural to the Soil, one of; which-he fays grew to the heighth of 160 feet: and 24 feet in the Circumference, the Pinafter the Pinus Montana tertia, €:B. the Larch.tree, out of which:comesithe Venice Euapentine, | and üpon the Trunck whereof grows the “garick: Here is fubjoyried an Alphebetical Catalogue of the of the chief of the Alpine’ ree uh age growing in. "Monte fratto, and other places. :.- Jew ior] The Sixth Seétion is concerning fa files whiere: there isa. large Catalogue of the lefs pretious Stones, buramong the ‘Stones of value are reckoned the Amethift, the Carbuncle, m" Criftal, which is denied to be made out of. hee Or Suom, ^ In enumerating cli&Tufus Natura itslefc doubtful whe. ther the (quare Stofie’Dice'foudd’ bout Badenatenarural — ornot. But che natural Urns faidto be found neer Geneva: and other places,: “are politively afhr nedtó Das been taken. x “up full of Bones and Apes. Among concreted' uices: is: snot "di Suplar. bes and d flores Sulphures Naitvt found at the Baths, sandia ttue Nztre rn "taken ‘from the Decóttion ofthe fountain of scaly ly ‘Or! Seul. Li tint. and Copper but not fo p! entiful as chofe of Lron and steel. Tho Ships do not ufé to appear under this Head; yet the Au- thor here'relates the vui Story ofa; Ship found.Igo © | foot. Golden Sand; ate fjlad 3 in: thie Rürdr: fiot the ha: E Urtena, Crfa,- Arola; atid dddia; Mines oof Silver have — been difcovered in fevetal'iplacess butithe diggingthem d “has for turned to! profit.: "Therevare alfoMines.ot Lead — | (271) foot undet ground, neer Bern, in the Year 1460, about this there have been many conjectures, particularly, one of Muorerir;"that-che-dakes-at--theheadscf feveral Rivers might formerly have been joyned together, foas to make the way Navigable between Geneva; Bern, and Confrauee, but this the Author wont believe: ^ ^^ AIL -3fEhe daft seftion is: about Meteors, Vines is,mention:d - among orher things ftrange Thunder and Lightning harning in the Winter dme, as well as the Summer, and doing much hurt, ‘as alfo Hurricanes raifing up tbe water of fome lakes likea Pillar into the Clouds, and fometimes Pouring ie down again at a diftance upon theland. «2 Nn 2 Johannis 7 ¥ ET " " a oy " A We "- [ Li MOGE ome Oy Shoot avis ss DfftToyye ? : : "c £ wt iO wl pe Laid LG ara »[noo Vüsfii need svar -€Y 1 “ge SB : 1 t ET onu t " e. " 4 ! t P ^ on ma i Yon ski uio » ^ Cetmetozfcoptais : Or three Aftronomi- Bal ntl b. We A bm SAS BAA oe: net oom Pose elalions . concerning “the Comets epa have been fe in the years 16 80, i1 —: Dn; WE ted ry 681, 1682, ‘Pun ted at Stutga rdin. 4° “An 0 16 82.. rd - T oe non of thefe v, Pt ib. divideth every Res lation into three parts; firftan Hiftorical Account, . when and how the Comets appear'd. and in what manner he obferv'd them: Secondly an-Affronomical Calculatian.of their places and motions ; and thirdly an. z//ro- T beologi- cal Prognoftick of their Effeéls. Concerning the firft Comet ~ which was feen A? 1680. he fays it was obferved by him- — Ielf no fooner then the twenty third of November, at St. V. - at Five a Clock in the Morning, tho others: pretend to : have feen it eight days before: norcould he obferve it longer then the twenty pin. or twenty fixth of November, - byrieafon eli t its motion Wards the Sun, and having taken its obs from f DUET s. be found by Tr gonometrical Rules tbatits place was then in 8? g! of Scorpius, 3 with South Latitude of 2^ 31^. Alfo by fome other cb. — fervations communicated to him, the Comet was the fix- ceenth of Nrvember in 1» degree of Libra Latitude z degrees — 4ufiral: From whence by the Analogy of its Diurnal Mos — tion of five degrees, it fhould have been the fourteenth of. November a little above the leaff Star in theleft Wing of Virgo, as the fuft term orplace ofits Appearance. The - Pp qu | | (371) Prognoftick which he gives, is grounded upon the Vulgar Suppofition that Comets are Signs cf fuch mifchiefs and miferies, as‘ happen ‘to men after a diffolute and irregular life, and upon this g:ound he believeth that the 77/on Íhewn to the Prophet Jeremiah. Chap. 1. Verfe ix to the 13 Was nothing elíe but ce fight of a Comets And though (as he faith Jhe doth not likethe common Aftr-logica! Fug ghing- Pure (fohe callsit) where according to the Divifion of the heaven-in twelve ZZowfer, and the Diftribuiion of the Countries; to the Signs of the Zodzack, the Superftitious Lortune-Tellers do prognofticate things, which have no rea- fon nor g-ounds neither in nature or experience, yet it feems he cannot forbear himfelf io make ule ot the fame Trifles, when he fays that Virgo being a Sign of Sterility, Libra a Sign of Fuftece and Death, Scorpioan hovfe of Mars and Sign of Poyfons, the Comet muft fignity War, Famine, Sicknefs, or a great Plague. As for che Natural caufe of this “omer, he thinks, that in the fime manner, asthe "great Conjuntiion of Planets in Sagetartus did produce a Comet Tn the year16c3.- So by a new Conjunction of Sol, Venus, UMercury and Luna in the fame Sign, andin oppofition to Jupiter the like Effed might be taken notice of. “The fecond Comet asfome aftronomers do believe or rather - "the firft Comet only continued inthe (ame moron ('as the “Author thinks) did appear again Seventeen days after, that ‘isthe 42 December 1^80 but more clear and evidently the $2170f December “when the Author by his Orthogonium (an Inframentmade of good ftrong wood; whofe Radius was fix’ foot'long) obferved for many days the diftance of the “Comet from feveral stars, and found by Calculation its Lcn- Bitüde and Latitude, according ashe puts them down in “the Table Pag. 93. The laft ime he made his Olfzrvation . "Wasthe T hirtieth of January fo thatthe Comet, taking all "its:duration together, did laft about 82 or84days: and | “€onfidering its motion in which it pat thro almoft nine "signs of the Zodiacks its Angle of Inclination to the pid Sri 77 ANN 3 LIER, = | (274) itk; in the Morning appearance did nat excéed three,z.de- grees, but in apparitione Vefpertina, the Angle: was abo 28 and ‘almott 29 degrees,’ its Noduws Auftraks was accord ing to the: Roman Obfervation in 8 degrees of Libra, but afterwards its Nodus Boreus in 18° 19! Sagittary, and by this reafon'and its: Dewraal motion, the Comet pafled by the Sun, ina diftance of rr degrees; -juft. when the fhortc& day was in the year : its Progre/J;on being fitft (low but from the $7 much increafed andfwifter. Concerning the The- ory or figure and line of 1ts motzon, he faith, that. neither an . Arch of a great, nor leffer Czrcles nora ftrait line willdo the bufinefs; but rather a certain crooked, line turned A after an znflection like a Serpent,which never yet was known in any other Comet s orit muft befuppofed, that two dif- ferent Comets have appeared, one in the Morning, and a- nother in the Eveningsas Mr. Ca/fzmi doth conclude,tho the . Author himfelf. is perfwaded by the Analogy of the motion, quoad Longitudinem, that only one and no more. appeared at that- times its Tad being in the Morning directed to- wards the Weft but inthe Evening tothe Ea//. Alfothe feventeenth of December its Tail feemed to be divided into . two parts, from the bottom to the top, by a black ftroak paffing through the middle. | Thelength being fometimes of Sixty, and the bredth of four degrees, . About the fub- ftance and original caufe of Comets, he hath no mind to fay any thing; as being doubtful what they truely are, the difpure of their Parallax not being yet fully decided, and fo of their matter whether zhereal or Elementar , the © Queftion not refolved, But to íhow the agreement of this - Comet with othersthat have been obferved, he hath com- — pofed a convenient Table, containing a Lz of all Comers, that ever have been defcribed by Hiz/forians and Ajffrono- mers, putting down firft, the year before or after Chrefé when they have appeared. 2. The Place or Country where they have been feen. 3. The Awthors which have. made mention of them. 4: The month or timeof the year — ' | | when — 6,9259 when. they did firft arife. 5. The time of the day whe- ther in the Evening or Morning. 6. The nameand fhape of the Comets. 7. The Simadon, or to which part of the Horton their motion did proceed. 8. The whole Arch or Quantity of Degrees, which they did run through or in-want of thar, the Signofthe Zodiack to which they have a relation.. 9. The Number or Quantity: of Days which they did /aff. 10. The Degrees of their fwifreft motion. 11. The Degrees of the length oftheir Tad. 12. The direction of their Tar; to any part of the Heaven. And r3. The Effects, mifchiefs, and ftrange accidents that have hapned after their Appearance. Among thefe fome have been obferved in the fhape of the Suz, fome of the Moon, and Venus, fometimes there have been three or four Comets together, asin the year 843 and 1529 &c. Sothatthe Number of all inthe fpace.of 4000 years does.a- mount to 370 Comets. Towhlch now mutt be joyned a- nother or the third Comet that was feen in the year 1682 in the month of Auguft : The Author made his firft Obferva tion the 35 day, though at Nuremberg it was. difcovered the àx its place was found the 2? at.night a quarter after one, to bein 11029’ Leonzs, with North Latitude ot 269 10’, its Tai being: almo(t fourteen: degrees long, its 7Zead like a Star of the firft.Magnitnde, che Aagleof Inclination to the Ecliptitk, of 26.5 degrees... Its, motion was the {wifteft zn 2- mite maxtmé Boreo,.{o that. every. day, it went forwards feyen degrees, the. Za, and Head had alfo the greateft brightnefs at that time. . From whence the Moron, Ta and Light feemed to decreafe proportionally, till the 4, of September, which was the laft day it could be feen by che Author, having run over 94 degres in twenty four days. The line of Direction was in Oppofition to the Sumas ufual- ly it is in Comets. The Prognoftications which after the Defcriprion of the fecond and this third Comet, the Author . hath added, are upon the fame grounds as the former, drawn our of the Nature of Fieroglyphical Signs and Ima- | ges, Me 474). Ses, that commonly ate to been in the Cele iat Ghi pid | explains this among other Que/tions,” whether mets they be Natural Bodies that have theit regular motions nets other Stars, (fo that the rime of their appearance m predicted) yet their //znification and fete jr aap aot hie the fame force as itthey were fome extra inary -duéis of Nature; and he concludeth that they tay ol - likean dlarmin a Clock work, to ftir up the world to a bet- ter con templa tion ofHeaven. | “OXFORD: im Printed by LEONARD LICHFIELD, ‘Plater ‘tothe Univerfitys and are to be fold by Hen. Rogers, at the Sign of the Brble in Weftminfter Fall, and om ‘Sam, Smith at the Princes: Arms i in "13 c St. Pauls Church-yard. — SEHEN UD Virtua da | rr I1! "À = L ri pg m xe 22 2e ET. ^-—B— m SS PAETOS AMENS LL, A (res " — | | Philofoph.Franfact Mim. t 50. : » Figa. | | INumb. Ico. TRANSACTIONS. Cuerpo UM E ——— ^ V The CONTENTS. now Kercher account of (ome Bock- oe groniig in the Lead Mines of Mendip Hills, | mentiomd im the Psilolo- .phical Tranfactions, Numb. 129. by the. ingenious Mr. John Beaumont jun. .of Stony. Eafton zm Sommerfer éhire. 2. 42 Extraét of Tivo Letters f05i Mr, tamp- fon Byrch, an Alderman, and Apotbecar: y at S1aiford.Con- -éerning an Extraordinary Birth zn Staffordthire, “mith Reflettions thereon, by Edw. Tyfon M. D. Fellow of the "College of Phyfirians, and of the Royal Society. 3. An Extract of a Letter of M. de. S.. Maurice M. D fo 'M. dela Clofure, a Phy/fitian’ of Aubérerre; or. the Twenty Sixth of April 1682. Concerning the formation of @ Foetus zm the Tefticle. ‘Iaken out of the Journ:lde — Medicine Publifbt Jan. 1683.’ by M. * Abbe dela Roque - "atParis. 4. 4m Account. of (ome. Experiments made at fevered Meetings of tbe Royal Society by the Ingenious "Fred. Slare M... D, Fellow of the Royal Society, aud one of the College of Phyfitians, meth forme fhort. applications ‘of themto Phyfical matters. An account of three Books. I. The Anatomy of Plants: with an Idea ofa Phrlofa- phical Hiftory of Plants :. and feveral other be&uress read - -éefore the Royal Society :: by NEHEMIAH GREW Mm. D. Fellow of the R. S. and of the College of Phyfitians. London zm Fol, 168:. JI. Excerpta ". ex literis. Hl: & Clarifs. Virorum ad. Nob. .Am- ^" »plifs.& confultis. D. Tob. Hevelium Conf.Gedanenfem per- Ícriptis; Judicia de Rebus Aff. ejufdemq y Scripiissexhi- bentia.Studio ac opera JOH. ERICI OLHOFFII Secre- tati: Gedani Anno 1683. 4°1f1. "Tractatus de Podagra & «Hydrope per THO. STDENH 4M M.D.8v Lond.1683. Oo n. IRATE IBAA CLARA BERRA e s pnr rre pm p ( 276 ) A further account of fome Rock-plants. — growing in the Lead Mines of Mendip. Hills, mention'd in the Philofophical : Tranfadions, JN(umb. 129. by ^w genious Mr. John Beaumont jun, of Stony-Eafton igSommerfetfhire; — IM 2 B Senttwo Letters. fome years fince, to Mr. Oldenburg. in which.I gave him an.account of certain Rock. plants which I had'obferv'd to grow in the Lead mines. of Mendip- Hills in Sómmer(et]lire : | which Letters he Printed In his Plofophical Tran[attions, Numb. 129. Ithen com- plain'd of my want of an Artift,, whereby, might. have . furniffrd him with the defign of thofe Rock-plants which — I rhere defcribe s fuch defign being little lefsthan abfo- — lutely necefTary, for giving.a clear and fatisfa&ory Appre- — hanGonot the things there exprefs'd: Wherefore my pre. — fent Refidence being in London, and being gratified inthat — - _ refpect by the skilful hand of the ingenious Richard Waller — - Bfquires a Member of the Royal Society ; Y conceiv'd (tho? - Ihad now. little to add to the defcriptions of thofe Rock- plants which 1 formerly gave) that this curious defigna —— which I here prefent you; would not:be unacceptable to thofe Perfons, whofe Genius leads them to confider thefe - ? «things. E Zh - : (227. ) : The particulars fet forth in tbefe Figures, more than what have been obfero'd by other men, im reference to thofe Rock-plants, are as follows. 1. A Curious Radix fomewhat more entire than elfewhere to be found; on which thofe Rock- plants fometimes grow, the: dt be manifest that they often grow alfo from plain Roots. 2. Several diverfifyed tops of other Kadix's. — 3. Lhe manifeft tapering of thofe Kock-plants. - | 4. Bores of thofe Rock-plants, wth fours fix, and feven zn- - Jets in thems together with other differences 2n their Rayss | nd Foyntings. ! : 5 “The particular Explanation of the Zzgures you will find beneath, tho’ it be but (hort; and not fo full as the-defcri- - ptioüis I have given of thofe Rock-plants in my former Let. ters, to which I remic the Curious Reader, - The main confideration concerning thefe figui*d Stones, which I call Roc&-plants, iss whether they are parts of Plants, or Animals -petrifyed, or /apider fui. generis, to which latter opinion I incline: Indeed the figur'd roots on which thefe Rock-plants lometimes grow ( as appears by theimpreffions of Rays on their tops, anfwering to thofe intlie Joynts of the Plants. and by theimpreffions of oval . Joynts there) may give us fome fufpicion that they once | belongd'to'an Animal, whether it were a /pecees of the | Stella’ Arborefcens , or fome other s but thofe trunks of | ftone Plants which you will find in the defign; cannot be , looked upon as parts of Animals, "with thesleatt (new of probability, and 1 think them almoft as hardly reducible | Dany Known fpecies of Vegetables 5 confidering thac be- | fites the bores of (ome of thefe with four, five, fix, and | fever inlets in them, and befides their admirably diverfify- , ed joyncings, fcarce either of them to be matcht in any | Vegetales’ L have by me above twenty; if not thirty /pe- | Oo 2 / P$ ( 278 ) cies Of thefe Rock: plants; differing outwardly from each orher in their Joynrs, Knots, and Sutures, all obferving a wonderful regularirys and nor one of them to be paral- leid by any: Vegerable that I know of in nawure-- Toan-- {wer this by faying that all thefe /pecies are loft, I doubt will’ fatisfie few; 'efpecially when we, confider.that thefe Rock-plants are nor peculiar to any one place, -as to.Mez- dip- Hills , Sc, bat: are generally found. whereever Lead- Mines are (and foaretime: where thete are-no.Mines.) as, well in Englands: as incforeign Countries 'and therefore tho: we may fuppofethatfome particular (peczes of Plants | growing. only in fome determinate placemay happen to be - loft; we cannot well imagine how fo many. fpecies diffus'd through fo many parts of .the whole earth, fhould all hap- pea to be loft together::: So that upon ilie whole this feems to:me'a contiderable objection; againft rhofe who maintain that-all:figur'd Stones in the Earth are petrefactions of — Plants or Animals, tó' which Opinion Steno, in his di(fer- _ tation concerning Sobidsinaturaliy,contain’d within Solids, | adheres; - [n which; TraCE many ingenious, things are faid . &s welbin) reference toifuch petrefa&tions; as to the frame and feveral changes of the Earth ia general, from whence — many apofite Queries may be drawn to be propofed to ju« — dicicus Minérsin‘all:parrs |; who .fcem the moft likely.men — for helping ro bring thefe points toa determination, they — being, the beft able to give an account of matter of Fact: _ {cannot but take notice here thar Mr* ZZooke, a worthy Meémberiof the Royal Saczety, and well known among the E ingenious of. Europe, has a. long time been of that opinion | "which szemo:endeavours to make out. ; and as Mr..Oldenburg | declares in; this Preface: to his Z.ran/latzonjof. Stenos a long. | time before Stend’'sobook came fotth, he had Difcour{s |- ready upon tharvery Argument, which by reafon of fone 1— Avocations he had not tec his láft-Hand to: And we May. | hopé, chat notwithftanding this Anticipation may hfome | difcotragement,.. he may; fome stime, be prevail Gori P T | € 279 ) | communicate them to: the Publick; this being an Argu- ment which requires more Hands than one to. bring ittoa cleariffue, and highly deferving the Confi deratidns af the moft Ca Í am, | London July 3d. 2 1653. SIR, . Your very Humble Servants Fobn Beaumont. EXPLANATION: Wi em OF THE Sa br A G URES. GYRE OR: N Entire Radix. a a Forefeams in two of the feet wanting in Mr, Lifter's Fz, uut 2.. The [ame Radix zuverted. 3. A es piece of aRadix with Rays on the top» 4. The infide of the fame. 5. a Plate of a Radix wath che impreffion of an oval joynt on the tops 6. The top of a Radix with Rays, and the Plates curtoufly wrought, 7. The , | € 180) c The infide of the fame. den - 8,9, 10, 11, 12. Other tops of Radix's.—— | oy 13 14) 15, 16, 17, 18 19, Several forts of Plates "that coms pofe the Radix’s. 314 | |. :20. 44 Rock-plant growing from a plain root, branched feve. - ral ways,and tapering. AM 21, 22. Iwo trunks of Rock-plants tapering, and with marks of branches torn off. ONE ....23. 44 Rock-plant with oval Joynts growing twifteng. 24. Another Plant with oval Joynts growing on a [cabrous root. 25. 4 trunk of a Rock-plant growing without joynt, lke ~~» Geral. - ; : | | 26. Sprouts of Mineral Coral gromzng tn a heap together. 27, fn intorted heap of Rock-plants growing ona "prece of — ~LEime-ftone Rock, fomembat -refembling the "others, berg - thick fet with edges, but having noJoynts. — — 28,29. Iwo pieces of the Summitates or Faftigia mentioned by Mr. Lifter zz the Philofoph. Tranfact. Numb, 200. . 30» 3 1: Two fingle Joynts of Rock-plants with (even Inletts in the Bote. 7 PAN ES TUE TER m AN 32» 33. Iwo fíngle Joyntsaveth fix Yaletts zn the Bore. 24» 35» 36. Three Joyats with five Inletts 2n the Bore, 372 38. Two fngle Joynts with four Ynletts 2n the Bore, — 39. 4 fingle oval Joynt, te oval zm the upper part of i, — ftanding clear contrary to the oval in the lower pur. 3:40, 41, 42» 425 442 45» 46. 47» 48, 49, 50) 515 52> $2, 54, 88. Round and oval fingle Jovuts, viferisz Heo Ri - end other ways of Joynting. CVM 5 ( 281 J An Extrad of Two Letters from Mr. Samplíon Birch, an Alderman and Apos thecary at Stafford, Concerning an ki x. traordinary Birth in §taftordfhire , mtb Reflections thereon by Edw. Tyfon M.D. Fellow of the Coll.of Phyfitians, andoftheR.Society. — 1 E "[ He wife of one Taylora Taylor in Heywood in Stafford" ^. ébeir about 24. or 25. years of Age, being Married about a year; in January laft fell into Zravel, and not being . able to be delivered, after Five or Six days fent for Mr. Heéfor a Chirurgeon at Lzcbfield,and Mr.Bercl’s Wife : She perceived the C///7 Dead and in a wrong pofition for Birth; wherefore haying placed it right; fhe applyed fit In« . ftruments » and the C/zrurgeon brought it away by ftrength, fhe afterwards brought awaythe 4fter-berth; but then perceived that their was ftill remaining fomething beides, which lay feparate from the Child and Afterbirth ; but. did very firmly adhere and was fixtto the Womb, in fo | much that in feparating this , it was much more difficult. and painful to herthan bringing away the dead Child, and occafioned a larg Flux of Blood. Me - The Thing it felf being fent by Mr. Ezrch to Dr. Plot at - Oxford, andby him to the Royal soceety, and fo having | an opportunity of obferving it, and fince of difcourfing Mr. Birch himfelf ; I thall here give not only a figure of this ftrange Body, but add to the accounts of it ee " ? ( 282 ) ; Letters, what I think Material. But muft premife that twas mentioned in them, that the Child was perfectly for- med; that the Mother was fince recovered and -walks-a- broads that before Marriage (he was never troubled with any remarkable Diftempers: and that this body I am now going to defcribe was not obferved to be included in any Cy/tzs, the Secundine being all brought away before it. "The bignefs and fhape of this Preternatural Body will be eafily conceived by our Fzgure which is made as exact and. largeas the thing it felf. In the upermoft part thereof, was — a round protuberant Bone 3 * Inches in compas ; covered with a'thick flefhy Skin ^ befet with fhort ZZazrer; on the top of this Bone in a Gircle were placed Eight Dentes Mo- lares or thofe double Teeth we call Grinders. Thefe fo exactly refembled Teezb as to their fhape, whitenefs;hard- nefs andin all other circuinftances, that they cancertainly be nothing elfe:a little below this,in an other Bone (which yet was faftnedito the former ) were placed Five other Teeth or Dentes Molares , thefe were not fo in a clufter to- gether as the former; but Four of them made almoft a ftreight line , but fome diftance in'the middle, and the Fifth a little out of rank, being placed bélow the Two uppermoft. - M Hd Meri EON o ME RES AS ‘The remaining part of this Monffrous Body, compofe d a large Cy/izs or Bag, filled with a liquid flimy matter,but . not fetid. This Cy/Zis on the outfide was {mooth,appeared fomewhat Red, and was about the thicknefs ofthe Scro- But farther to encreafe the Wonder of this fo extraor- — dinary a Birth, we obferved a little below the Bone (in which were fet the Eight Teeth before defcribed ) a large lock of Harr of a bright brown colour, whofe end was intricated, and intangled in a large quantity of bar ofa more faded and yellowifh color, which was faftned <4 the end of the Cy/fis oppofiteto thefe Teeth, But chatthis — Lock of Hare was'ót a confiderable length, we IET | 5o SEMEN dC 983) fed by the feveral (mall curles we obferved in this yeilow- Mh Aare, which were of thefame bright colour withthe former Lock, - I muft take notice that in the middle of the Circle of ‘the Eight Teeth E obferved a fmall hole, bur which did . notleadfar: andtho, thele Teeth, Hair, anda (trong I- Magination might create a fancy of fome JMenfirous-bead here defigned to be formed; yet confidering how many . and far more confiderable Parts were wanting; I cannot "but rather choofe with the Sceptick datyev, and fufpend . my belief thereof; or with Pliny to fay , Hoc nobis Mira. culum., fibi Ludibrium Ingentofa finxtt Natura. : -- What moft Ican parallel ic with, are thofe Laffances Y - have formerly given ( in the Philofoph. Collect. Numb. z. ) ^ of Teeth, Bones and Har Y have met with in the - Ovarium: - of Women, as. in one a Dens Cannas, or Eye Tooth on the - out (ide. of the Cyfus and within, a largequantity jof a fine white long Har, as in 772.2. In afecond Woman Three - Dentes Molares ot Grinders perfectly formed, and a Fourth — budding forth, all fet in their diftinct fockets ina Bone, as —— . inthe Third Zzg. and in this Cy//zra great deal of yellowifh : «ares BiacEhitd. Woman ditfected by: Dr. Sampfon, in — each Zeftscle was a larg Tumor or Cy/tzs which inclofed a ves. ty latge quantity of Haire, and there was faftned to the fides of them Two Bones, reprefented in. Fig. 4. ands. of Teethand Harre in the fame part. which tho not Teeth ; yet as to their Subfiance , tho not — Shapesapproaching fomething near them, anda like 7. ftance, too, Dx: Needham has Informed me; he has met with, But our prefent Inftance differs from the former ; in that this was in the 7omb , and firmly adhereing toit; the o- ‘thers in the Ovarzum,qn this the Hazr was on the outfide the Cy/fzs , and rooted in its T wzicle , in the others twas con- tained withinit. But as the Child which was perfcétly formed, and with much difficulty atlaft was brought from this Woman; E doubt not at firft, being. included in Pp p : che dae ( 384 ) the Egg.defcended from the ovarium ; fo likewife chis Sub- ventaneous Egg 1 queftion not might be tranfmitted from the fame places and Nature who i$ never Liles being dií- appointed of forming in thisa perfe& Fetus, made the beft of what the matter would afford; and might produce thele Teeth, Bones and Hare, which may be reckoned as Ammal Vegetables, |... | | . — Howliable thefe Parts in Women are to Tumors, there i$ none who have been converfant in Morbid Diffetlions ‘but muft be fenfible; in fomach tharthofe frequent In- ftances I havemet with, have fully perfwaded me that: there is no Part inthe. Body 25 fo often the feat and Caufes of Droples in Women as the Ovarium, a too Luxuriant afflux of Humors eafily extending thefe minute £gs into large and fometimes moft prodigious Cy/izs’s, that fometimes I. have taken fome.Gallons of water our of them, where I have found them entire ;. rho moft times the’ vaft quantity” of Waters buríts the Membrane,andfo it empties it félfinto * the Cavity of the “Abdomen. | vy. auo Ss But there are fome I find. whoby no means will admit of Egs But will have themall to be ZZyZazdes. But til fuch time as I can find fomething more confiderable objeGE- - ed againft this Hyporhefis 5: | cannot but firmly adhere to iG ^ - fiance to me it feems fo clearly demon(trated, befides abun: . dance of others that Laffance in the Philofoph. Trans, Num, + 147. |] think a good Proof;: and that lately given inthe’ - Journal de Medicine makes iviclear enough; which being te- ^ markab‘e it may gratify fomes itmaybe ,'" to have' it in. | Engl pene feast Ascent R , ? Pos H | 4 : "0 - MS. Su ; [Er ft ‘ m 5 MN Lj W's de % LiJ » | i aut "22 *- ae . . : f m vss; : ; oe. 4 Fi Vr “ » > , eo nm QAUM 7 RH : : ; ; 355 * $ J i5! “> > om Gig ANE P nM DÀ tod i = - . " " ? 1 7 La EO ^ on FL m m 3 ' PW ^. m ; AT - > a : ? "o 1 «ist . . 3 din i t -- ilies 8 oe ( 285 ) An Extratt of a Letter of M. de. $. Mau- orice M4.D,t0 M,de la Clofure,a Piy- «. fitian of Aubeterre. of the Twenty Sixth of April1682: Concerning the formati- on of a Foctusintbe Tefticle. Taken out - 0f the Fourmal de Medicine Publifhe Fan, 1683. 5y M. 1’ Abbe dela Roque at Paris. eek | - think Sr. that after what lately happened co. Madam de Saint Mere , we ought no lcnger to doubt of the : Formation of the Fetus in the Teftzcles of Women,and confequently of the Exiftence of Egs. This Lady whofe Merit is known to you, had been brought to bed Eight | times as profperoufly as might be, and after having con- tinued Five years without being with Child, in fo much that fhe chought her felf freed from thofe forts of Labours, about Three months fince fhe fufpe&ed herfelfto be fallen ~ into that condition agains becaufe having never failed cf being very regular, and not finding her felf ill. fhe was more than a Month wichout her ordinary relief. But whilf in this {tate fhe had a littleíhow , which fcarce left her wholy during the two laft Months of her Life , and which fhe paft neverthelefs without much trouble, fo tharíhe thought her felf to be fecure, as to the point of her being with Child, but that the 22d Inftant; afteríhe was upin __ the Morning in very good health and had been writing a- . boutan hour, fhe fell into Faintings, which made her lo: is d | [DB ab- ( 286 ) abfolutely her Pu/fe from that Moment without depriving : her ofher.[Inderftanding or Speech... M. de Saint Mere who took this faintnefs at firft for an ef- fect of Vapours , was not Allarmed atit; till feeling her Arme , héfound her withoutàny Pu//e. This-privation joyned witha mortal Palenefs amufing him; he féne aman tointreat me to goand fee her. LAT ELE - Tcame to her about Eight of the Clock in. the Evening, I found her co!d and wholly withour.any.Pz//e, her Coun- tenance deadifh and covered with a clammy and cold fweat, haveing ftill an entire Underftanding and ber Speech firong. — — 9H 20 TEM TUO T XC She complained of a great -colck in the Region ofthe rightgroine, which terminatedat the Reines: This C= lick was fo violent, that-as I was going to touch the place, fhe prayed me not to prefs it, andtold me I fhould make her fal! into a Swoon. EK ppc prey — In a moment after, fhefeltall the Pre/zdium's of an im- minent Travel; fhe called her Chirurgeon and dyed in his. Armsfaying, Lam Delivering, I am Delivering; there ap- — pearing outwardly neither diftillation , nor flooding; nor anymarkofthisdiforder» ^ ^. iether te A. Death fo little expected amazed every body. and . fupprized fo much M. de sz. Mere , that he was defirous - to know , wherher the opening the body would notdif- . cover the Caufe. M. de la Chefe a Chiturgeon. was made — Choife ofto doit, and I wasprayed to affift Meffeurs de - Montauzon Advocate of Perigueux , de la Porte Gentleman of — M. le Comte de Taleran , du l'air Apothecary to st. Meres | and two Valets de Chambre of the houfe;defired to be prefent at the opening, and thisis what. wefoünd. ~~ As foon as the Chirurgeon had opened the Integuments ofthe belly we faw in the Epzgaftreck Region all the Entrals floating in Blood: I caufed Two Pound to be‘taken forth. with à fpoon ; to avoid changing the fituation of the parts, _ after which feeing that, there remained in the right Flank (5 Gp | 7o0( 302 ) a prodigious quantity which was coagulated, ¥ tryed.my felf to take it out with my hand, , but. Judge Sr. how I was Surprized, when among the firft Clots which I drew forth, — Lfound alittle Fetus about the bignefs of a Thumb, and a Third lefsinlength,. all very;diftin&ly;formed;; andjin - _ which was manifeft!y. difcovered the Sex of a Boy,but naked and without’ covering... I, putthis.Retus.on a Plate and fhewed'it to all that. were-prefent,and, being impatient . to know from whence it-came 5, I applyedamy felf svishall exactnefs to examin all the neighbouring parts ofthe place whenceLtook it. Two fingers fromthis place, 1-found the right Cornu of the Womb, ;, bugany amazment was doubled; . whien.1 foundthe Tzfficlegorn loügwaies-and chro the mid- - dleonthe fide, that it did not touch the Tuba, and all its cavity full of clotted blood. 1 no longer doubted , but - this wasthe place where this Iafantwasformeds and I cons ceived that having acquired in’ this: place a, growth too; great to be-able to fall in time 3 and having. continued ro grow there, without being able toceme forth, it hadat length broken its Prifon by ftretching it (sor) en ; A was. confitmed in - my. opinion when: comparing. this Tefticle with the left ;; L found it atleaft four: times bigger itsgreatnefs approaching that of an Hens) Eggs: and. the, left being not greater, than a little Chefnut; it wasall. red without and within, befidesthe clotted blood that it » contained ; whereas the left was pale and full of little - grains of the colour and confiftency of yellow Tailow. I examined the Zz/e on the right fide ; andI could not : find that this Infant. had ever entred there; ic was inall. . things like the left Tue. 3 Laftly Lexamined the Body of the Womb withall the - -Care and Exa&tnefs that might be, itappeared to mee- . very where withontany rent ; and ina ftare purely natu- xal: I only obferved, tharit was a little bigger andíof- ter than it is found in Women who dye without being with - Child ; it was all as Dr. 7arvy has defcribed ivin the ib | ; | month . ( 288. )- month of Pregnamby! Teaufed a ptobe tobe put into its Ca- vity by the Vagina; and then'to be curopen and I found not the leaft figne of Conception. Indeed the Veffels of the interior membrane appeared to me fuli of Blood.and vari- cous asit were, which doubtlefs was the caufe of that litt]e fhow of Blood ;' as before mentioned. ^ Tho it wereneed!efs to fearch eller 'here for the Death of this Ladj; wé néverthelefs examined all the other parts both of the Belly, and of the Breaft ; and found them - all well in order; and in a ftate purely natural. - .'lleave you now to judge Sr. what may be concluded fom all this s $ fince no perfon' can draw better than your felf the confequences- which neceflarily follow from’ this Phenomenon. - Authors {peak of certain Fetus's found in the Tubes 5 anid of others that have been found in theCavity of the belly, the Womb, nor the Tubes being any way torn’: butido nor think thar any perfon hitherto has been able to thew’, that the conception is made inthe Te/ficle or Ovarium, as it feems to me that the fact, which I have now related to © youmanifeftly demonftrates. and tis this which has made us think hitherto that "mr ez of Egs had ee need of CER to: Br it.: ! | da | RS) An Account of [ome Experiments made at |... feveral Meetings of the Royal Society by the Ingenious Fred. Slare M. D. - Fellow of the Royal Society, and one of the Coliedge of Phyfitians, with Some [hort applications of them tophyti- cal matters. — co Experiment LC A Parallel betwixi Lightning aad a Phofphorus, . P le i order tothe keeping my fold Phofphorus from , con- fuming,! ufually plac'd itat the bottom of a Glafs of _ Water having, feveral of. thefe, Glaffes difpofed upon. a Table in view whilft, Jay upon my, Bed; 1 could obfctve. feveral flafbes of Loght that fucceffively paft through the. Water, and made fuch bright; and vigorous Coru/catzons 1n. their, as would furprize and affrighten one not ufed to- the Phenomenon. .This fiery Meteor paffes. fomething. contracted through the incumbent Water, but expands it-. . felf much as {conas it getsaboveit. If you would make thefe Experiments to advantage, the Glafs ought. to. be - deepand Cylindrical, and not above Three-quarters fili'd _ with water, “If. | (490 ) If we compare thefe appearances with Lightning, we may. obferve that Laghtning,which comes at Intervals paffes “uninterrupted the moft condenfed Clouds, and is not ex- tinguifhed or. obftru&ted by the greateft Storms or Ga- tarraCts of water, bur like the Beams ofthe Sunor any o- ther fire freely pafles through Glafs and-water.. ..>. <2. This Phofbhorus in the mentioned ftareonly: emitts thefe Fla/bes of Light in warm weather, a certain temper _of the 4er being neceflary to produce: the zzi, for in the Winter or cold weather I never obferved it. | The warm feafon of the Summer is moftprodudtive of 3. The mention’d Fla/b of Light is not apt to kindle or burn any combuftible matter, as I found by holding my - finger. in it.unmolefted, but not trufting to that, I held in the flame, Paper, Flax, and fuch Materials as are apt to take fire, which it did no more than when we projected the. Lzght of the Moon by a Concave Glaís, upon the like : bodies. of Sil 21115 E AMA ? | ‘Such an inoffenfive Flame that of Lightning is generally obferved tobe, But LM wc | iy MR | 414^ Gary nalir!.) « bari + à TEM A^ idi E me EY Thus Lightning , whet condenfed’ or’ contrá&ted, and: matter Whillt burning acts the part of Corvelfve,’ and when ‘ic goes Out it refolvs into a Menfirdum ‘that’ — "Thus Lighthing ‘melts down, Golds From, Lead; dtd os dr Wu 2 nS O ZERO ofl S95in6vbR QI. inside 31913 ther Adetals. TC) Sb SER ABV OR (d PRON TOG CO EM hefe Experiments were concluded *moft' Naturally to’ | jon ^iHuftate — 4 | | ( 291) S illuftrate and refemble the Phenomena of Lightning, fare exceeding either thofe made with Nezre, Gun poreder ot Aurumfulminans. As toflome other properties ofthis fhi- ning and burning Preparation fee the Pliulofophical col-. lections.. wae | in / Experiment II. | B* mixing Two Liquors actually cold to produce fuch | | fparkling and fiery bodies,. as are not only vifibie ia _ thedark, but at noon day inthe enlightned Air. .. This Experiment was not alittle furprizing, which was thus made. We took becwixt Ten and Twenty Grains of the foldPho/phorus and cauted it to melcin as much water as would. juft cover it; which was about a Dram: | after ic was actually cold we poured itinto two Ounces of Oyl of Vitriol, which being well fhiken together did firft heat, and then throw up fuch fiery Balls, which like fo many Stars will adhere to the fides of the Gla/s and continue to burn for fome time to the great pleafure of the Spectator. Experiment UL BY the addition of an oy! to the foregoing mixture to produce a flame. | Ist? 15 2»3nu0 Eing a Refutation of Borrichius’s Experiment that- te. 1:5 IAL CMO OS ier & ly 061 Ying, ft^ iO noid} TELLE M Ces ts ACen on) 02 0 05 10 HOHTDON SRI T SS | | ames souborq e ML Jota .. We took according to dire€tion four Ounces of frefh. © drawn Spirit of Venus Turpentine vo-fixOünces of 4quafor= "We nilved thent together in 2 Glatsbodys sndbaccor dingly placed the’ Veflelinthe SihBéoins," (which fore? toldfome of the By- Rafidcis rou acres Ge ace half'ai. hours Patience the Liquors began to ferment very furiouflys Anfomuch that a very great Smoak was raifed by this'means "Which was ordered to kept down'by à, ‘Cork that fReprthe - E à hg riis ied. Yisi Oe OIN LO) e d the Velfel.” "Fhiscondenfed fed Punt’ reprefented flame. (293) — ‘by reafon of the Beams of che Sun that were permitted to fhine upon it: but I was aflured that this was a grear Fallaty, and that the Experimenr contradicted the Proverb, There is no Smoak without fome Fire. Y was willing to give the Experiment any advantage, which made me comply with thac Circumftance of doing it where the Beams of che Sun were admitted: but this very Circumftance giving ground to the miftake, I defired leave to make the Ex- periment in a dark Room where wethould better difcern any real productionsof Light: being affured that the aCti- on of the Lzquors would as certainly fucceed in the darken’ Room as in alight One. The Experiment was repeated, and the ation of the Lzguors was no lefs vigorous than in the former Expertment. “Moreover Flax, being lookt wpon as a very combuftible matter, was fufpended in the Fume: but in fhort, the Obfervers of this Experiment, which were many and very Inguditive, could not difcover the leaft fpark of fire or glimple of Lzgh£, fo that the Flax . remain'd untouch’d, and the fermenting Liguors gave no iighe, fire, or flame: only take this Caution 5 keep your Candles ata diftance, for the Fume will foon take fire at . any a&ual flame and-fet the Lequors a burning,and fo it may impofe upon the Carelefs. : Experiment V. j BE a New Experment with Ebullition and incale IM denos ye pO, & | | . Amongít thofe various mixtures, wherein great Heats . and Effervencies with mach Ebullition were produced, . mone were fo confiderableasthis, which was alfo fhewn atthe fame Meeting. | Upon an Ounce of Sfirz of Nitre, if you pour two or three Drams gradually of the higheft rectified Spirit of - Wie, the Heat and Ebullition will be incredibly great. NE | Q.q2 And V | (394 ) And whereas in the former. Experiment you muft wait. a good time for your £fferve[cence, here tis performed in an Inftant;fo that I had more reafon to expect from the migh- ty action of thefe Lzquors upon each other;a production of actual fireor flame, than from Borrichius his Experiment. Poflibly fome may be ready to imitate thi£ Experiment which .may fail them, unlefs they obferve fome little Dz- réilions, --Errors-of this kind, have made fome ‘people believe they are impofed upon when there is.no fach thing. Common Spirit of Nitre, fuch as was firft diftill'dinto water, , and afterwards dephlegm’d (or diftill.d fo as tohave all.the- water. feparated) this will fail your expectations ; ic muft be the Red spirit, of JNztre; and a very high recti- ified Spirit of Wane. . In the next place, you muft firft pour into your Glafs the,sperzé of INztre, which isthe heavier Liquor, and then the .« pirdt of Wine after, for if you invert the-order you will..haveno Ebullition, which will not a little puzzle the reafon of Phelofophers. .. bits - In this Experiment (efpecially if the Ingreacents are made very high) the Sperzt of INztre does as it were a& the part of a Coal of fire : as fire exhales and drives up mater that is thrown upon it, | fo does this sperzt of Neere very furioufly throw up a great quantity of the Vinousfpirit, in fo muc that it prefently perfumes a Room with the fmell:but to be . more exact in this Ob/ervatzon, we mix d equal parts toge- ther ina Retort, and rhen cemented a Receiver of good di- mentions.and fo.we condens:d that /apor which rifes from this mixtureand obtained much of our Sperit of Wane a- aln. os | : 5 33 roth thefe Experiments may ferveas Arguments againft the notion of 4cGdum and Alkali, fince mighty Confliéts may be excited by bodies of differing Textures. where thefe two Principles are notconfpicuous. We have here indeed very ftrong Acids, butin the other never wereany shatiowes its: Orzgine to the fire, TL fuppofe it to have bor- sowed that Calorsfrick qualitie thence, which made it re- - prefent the hot: Fi : for this I obferved that notwithftand- . Jug theadtion of the: Cold mixture; it grew more thick and fliteys chan twas at-finft, and chat cheaddition of the men-. tion’dOed,or Spirztof Brimffone made:it more clear and fluid. Thusthe agile Spirits of the humane body, which tho they - cannotbe thought to be actual fre, yet are fuppofed to be " fomewhat dnalogous to it, being in more.abnndance pour- — ed intothe tutbid Ma(s of Blood, do by their wavmth and: action firft attenuare thofe gro(s ;Coagulums, and then ma- nifeftly fubdue, and reduce many of thofe indifpofed Par- ticlesto:a good Texture, andexpel chofe thac are difagree- able iby -5wweat.and Urme or both ways; which isa good Pragnoftick ofa cure ofthat Paroxifm. AA - Afhall only add this Objedtion made, viz. That there are no {uch Acids of fo high a degree of Acidity found tn the- human body as we make our Experiments with. Lmay.anfwer tharthere is no need alfo of fo great a de- gree of Cold.1o put our blood intoan Ague, a (mall dech= . mation from ics ufual ‘Temperature, being (ufficient vo make us very Í-n(ible. , 396 NS IBI d ios BeOS | Poftícript s C gor J s Poftferspto- i Propofition. of a very. worthy. Perfon of the. Soctety, tor ~ try whether the Cortex Peruvianus would not: prevent . this. Artificial: Ague our Liquors': produced: 5. which we - brought to. Tryal, tho the fuccefs didnot anfwer. For - Nye made a ftrong Infufion of our Bark in common Vinegar and then injected a quantity ofthe mention'd volatile Salt, a confiderable Commotion of the Lzguorinfued with a de- gree of Cold, but wasnot altogether fo fierce as formerly, | . moreover it abared much of rifing to the heigth ofthe former Experiment, when Opium was mixt with the men- tion'd Cortex : tho inthis cafe che ZfczZity was far from be- ing quite mortified, As to the Cortex 1 do not intend jn this Experiment to explain its Nature, which was only | Made to fatisfy that fagacious Gentleman s Curiofity : for I never thought that febrefuge did att the part of an Akal im performing the Cure. But if Ican make it appear that thereare other Medicenes that do pertain or belong to the families of Z//Aaly s, which are effectual in the eure of Aguess ' this may ferve to prove, thatthey do it by deftroying fome morbid Aczaztzes in the humours or Vzfeera; and fo prevent the ufual Commotions fuch d//agreeable Lzquids are apt to make upon their Conventions. This is manifeft that Coral and Crabs eys and other Tejffaceous bcdies number'd a- mongft the fixt lcaly’s and not only thefe but thofe real fixt salts, as sal Abjinthy, Cardut beneditli &c. as well as the volatile Salts in general, do highly corre& and change | cid humours where they can meet them, and nor only fo but do hinder Liquors that are apt to four and corrupt from degenerating: (thus Milk and Blood it felf may be preferved much longer 5 rhe firft from growing four,the laft dad | Rura from I fhall. here only hint by way of Pofiferips ati ingeniotüs I | (393) at from fermenting and putrifying by a quantity of volatile - Salt or Spirit mixt- with them :) which is in like manner granted to be true, thar “many gues have been cured by. Medicines of this Nature,. Sal Abfmthy as well as volatile Salts: are ufed asthe principal Jngredients in common Fe. brifuges. For a farther profecution of this Experiments. we diffolved as much Chalk as: {trong Vinegar was able to. do»,and then having ftrained it through a Farer, we pour-- » ed'irupona quantity of che highly reCtified Spirit of Blood, but found neither £bz//tion, oy any fenfation of cold or heat tofollow. | ' | ZU r The. IN Erg, The Anatomy of Plants: with an Idea of 4 Philofopbical Hiflory of Plants: 4nd feveral other Lectures, read before. the Royal Society fy Nehemiah Grew M. D. Fellow ofthe Royal So- ciety, andof the College of Phyfiti-- ans. Printed by VVilliam Rawlins. — fortbe Author, 1682. "Us Work was begun., about Nineteen years paft >. . ™ fince then, hath been carried on by the fpecial Ap- - pointmenr of the Royal. Society 3. and by their order, is . now made publick. | : | — The Idea, prefixed to the Anatomy, gives usan account. . ef the Materials and Methods neceflary for making a com- . pleat ZZffery of Plants; which are copioufly propofed under thefe five General Heads of Enquiry: viz. Firfts., Of thofe Things, which are of more External confidera-.. tion about Plants, as their Figures &c. Secondly-s-.OF : . their Compounding Parts, as Veffels &c... Thirdly, OF: their Lzquors and other Contents. Fourthly;, Of their Principles, as Salts &c. Fifthly, Of their. Aliment. 2s Water and other means of Growth... Aiming, chiefly, at.. the difcovery of the seaion of Vegetation, and of the Vit-- tues of Plants. | me : The Anatomy is divided into four Books. In the. Firft, all the Obfervations;. except. one or two» are made te Oy : | the. (/304.) | “the naked Eye. "Tothe Enda Proof might firft be given, How far it is poffible for us to go without the help of Glaffes 5 which many Ingenious men want; and moré, the patience to manage them. Ic begins with the Seed fow'n, and fo proceeds to the:Rpot, Trunck, Branch, Leafs Flower, Fruit, and laftly to the SeeZalfo to befow'n again s far eachs allowing( one Whole! chapter: |. In evéry Chapter, the Anatomy of the Part being firft given ; the @/es are fubjoyned. And tliere^being two € apters for the Seed ; ‘inthe firft is fhewed the nranner-of its Growth; and in the ther. | i The Secon Part, gives a large account of the. Vegetation of Roots: fhewing, how the ‘ground is prepared for its How the Sap Iinbibrd, and diftributed'to the feveral Parts; How the’ feveral Parts afe nourifhed How iHey are” Formed; and how’ they-come ‘to’ be firwate’ or difpos'd: How Roots obtain their different fize and fliapes How’ — their different Motion : and different Ave: Howthe Con-- terts of the féevétal parts até made; and how’ theit' Odors, Colors, and°Fafts: And what is here faid, isalfo'appli- - cable to the fame Parts in the Trunk &c.— 7 7 0 5 7007 The Third Book, isalfo divided into Two Parts, The t — tCap9) Firft, containeth the Anatomy of Tranks and Branches, -which is here profecuted in like manner, as the former of Roots, Further fhewing, the admirable Artifice of dNature; inthe Structure and Gompofition of all the Parts ofa Plant. As amongft others, in Tab. 36, 37, 38, 39. and 4o. dn Tab. 29.f,1, 2,3 5 the Veffels are reprefent- ed above fix hundred thoufand times bigger, than they appear to the naked Eyes the ftruéture whereof, cannoc be difcerned, without being magnified to that degree. The Second Part (omitting what is faid of the Vegeta- tionof Koots, and is thence applicable unto Trunks) in- fifteth on the further clearing ofthefe following particularss vix, The motion and courfe of the Sap, The motion and courfe of the 4£zr 5 The Structure of the Farts: The Ge- merationof Lzquors; The 'Figuration of Trunks; The mo- tion of Trunks ; and their Nature, as fitted for Mechani-. Pale. | le | : The Fourth Book, is divided into four Parts. The - Firft, of Leaves. In which, are defcribed, firft, their Pre- teChions and Folds; Then, thofe things which appear upon their Surface ; The apparent Pofition of their Zz- . bres, and the Meafures of their: Circumference, defined by the 4rches of feveral Circles, having the fame or divers. centres and diametres, and the length ofthe Leaf, or cer. . tain equal-parts thereof fubftraéted or multiply'd being . tne Standard-for the deametres of thofe Circles. Next the Apertures, Parts, and curious Texture of Leaves : and the Time, and manner in which they are formed. Where the Author defignes an afcent to the higheft ftep in the bufinefs Of Generation. —— | | | © Whe Second Part, of Flowers. 1n which, are de(cribed the three General Parts ofthe Flower , vix. the Empale- ment; the Fohatures andthe Attire,. both the Semini form, and the Florid, in which there is a great deal of Curiousand unexpected Variety s which Nature hath be- flow'd üponthefe-Parrss. mexcto the Seed it felf, of wA BON : eit. ( 306.2 | d afei. For every. Plant being epfevésuaue the Attire, an Íwers to the Genztals of Male and Female both together ; and. the Powder: which.they disburfe let fall upon the ree rus, is the Sperme of Plants. "The Time alfo, in which - the Flower is form'd, is obferved, nor to be the fame Year in which it. appears» as nea hitherto been thoughr, but thesyear before. eami- Hereto is fubjoyned an Athenis being a Method propofed for the ready finding, by the Leaf a and Flamer, to whatfort any Plant belongeth. The Third Part. , of Fruts. In which are deícribed thefe following», viz. an. Apple, Limmon, Cucumber, Pear, Plum, Grape, Goofberry, and. fome others; which are fo many feveral forts of the Flefhy Uzerus. Next, of the - Seed-cafe or Membranous -Uterus. And laftly, ‘the Ufe of the fzveral Parts, both to the Fruzz and Seed, is fet down. Particularly, the manner of the Ejaculation of che Seed in. c dNoli-me-tangere,— 4 The Laff Part, of Sepa, Wherein we have firft a Defcriprion of the Various and Elegant Figures of Seeds. Next, an acceunt-of their Number, and feveral Motions, and for what purpofe they-are made, As for inftance, inthe Seed of Harts Tongue and all that 7 ribe, whichare fhotoff - with: a {pring contrived for it. The annual product of thefe Seeds from one Plant,being abouta Million, of which, | ten Thoufand, are not fo big as a white Pepper Corn. After - this, the. Defzription and Ule of the Covers of the Seed, and ofthe. Vitellum:, Of the feveral Parts of the Fetus or true Seed; and laftly, a further account of the rare contrivance of the Stone in Fruzts, and of the three Membranes over the Seed» inorder to, the Geaeration. and. growth of. the hig Thus fir the 4aatomy. s 5 g: : The following Laas. are cabelas RR I. Of the Nature, Caufes, and Power of JA inr, fo. _ difcourfe whereof, a Foundation islaid for thefe Axzoms, Sc... That the whale bufineís of the Materzal, be 1$- nothiag (305). nothing elfe but Mixture. That Natural and Arti nj | Mix- ture are the fame, as alfo the Caufes of both. And that there- fore,Ío far as wecan govern Méxéure,we may do what Na- ture doth.As in rendering all Bodies fociable or mingleable, In making Artificial Bodies in imitation of thofe of Natures own production; and other particulars, of which In- - ftancesare given. Ina fhort Appendix to this Difcourfe, notice is taken of Mr. Pappens New Digeffer ; and how di- | redly it is deducible from one of thofe Rules laid down in the fifth Chapter ( Section the fifth) for the Mexture and Di iffolution of Bodies. A. Experiments in Confort , of the Luétateon NETTE diee the Mixture of feveral Adenféruwm’s with al) forts of Bodies. Being a aC of a Natural Hiflery of the Mz teria. Medica. | LII. An Effay, of the various Proportions, Whereia © the Lixivial Saltis found in Plants. _ . LV. A Difcourfe concerning the E/fential and Marine - or JMuriatick, Salts of Plants, In which is fhewed the way of making the fame. | | V. A Difcourfe of the Colours of Plants. VI. A Difcourfe of the Diverfities and Caufes of Taffs, chiefly in Plaats, With an Appendix conteining fome — obfervables of the Odors of Plants. : LDVIL. Experiments in Confort upon the Solution of. of Salts in Water. From whence, (amonegft other 7a ferences of import in relation to. Natural Philofophy the Caufe of the sotion of the deno in the Barometre, is affign’ E "The Plates to: this Works are fourícore and three, all upon Sheets and half Sheets. S B Excerpta ( $08.) Excerpta ex literis Ill. «o Clarif]. Virorum ad Nob. Ampliff. € confultif. "D. » Joh. Hevelium (on/.. Gedaneafem | perferiptis, Fudicia de Rebus Aftro- nomicis, ejufdemque Scriptis, exbiben- ta, ftudio ac opera Johannis Erici OI- «hoff Serearj Gedani sd 683.42 F pis Compiler of this Book bsing now Secretary of the — Republik of Dantzig, has happily chofen a Subject which gives hia Opportunity to püblifh the extraotdinary merit of his fremd, the famous and learned Hevelus ; .. and at the fame time to advance the Reputateon of his Country, where fuch men have been bred up, andcalled tobe Aagiffrates. The Work it felf confifts but ofa part of Fifteen Volumes. of Letters y written by ‘fome ‘of the chiefeft men of this Age, to 7Zevelius in Commenda- — don .of his Selenography , Cometography and Macha Ce- leftes ,; already publifhed, and for his further encou- rágernent to go-on with’ his other Affronomal defigns, - yet unfinifhed. : The Encomiums’ given in thefe Lerters are greater then can be comprehended by thofe that have not read them and are to be valued by the worth — and honour of thofe perfons they come from, among whom the Great -Monfieur Colbert deferves well to be - mentioned, the Sincerity of whofe Praifes need not - be doubted of, fince they came accompanied with good Solid Bills of Exchange, | he ; Tratlatus — u - who are € 307) Toéllahi de Podagra & Hydrope per Tho Sydenham M.D. Londini 1633. | Invafion he affiens the latter end of Fan#ary, or the beginning of Fe- _ braary, the chief cime of its fury isat night, with which the pain proportionably declines, a feries of which fhort Fits confticute the general one, which (ometimes laltstwo orthree Months, and thofe 9 ate in years, or weakened by other Diftempers it feldom leaves till che full Summer drives iz away. Ais | _. Among the other fad attendants of this diflemper he brings in the Stozey which happens to m6 either (rom their long lying on cheit acks,or from the intermiffion of the ufual feerettozs, or elfe becaufe both diftempers may probably {pring from one and the fame matter. Neitheristhe body alone thus affli&ed;but the torments reach the mind, fothat every Paroxy[; is as much a fit of Anger, as of the " Gout.upon contemplation of allthe Symsptomes heimputes the whole diftemper' tothe defe of coucdétion;in che pacts:and humours ofthe body; which’ the want of animal fpirits many other ways formerly wafted, neceffanily infers, by che great.decay of the ferments, whofe force depends chiefly upon chem. We EY As for the cure he defigns anrecedently the digeftion of the hu- - mours, and in the Fic the al{aying of the heat,and Ebzllition of pen ADEA IM ariGneg (310) .- arifing from their putrefa&ion ; tothe great oppofition of which in* rencions he attributes the great difficulty commonly met within en- deavouring to remove this Diflemper. . —— r E The Dropfie he makes univerfa] excending to all ages and Sexes, though women are more liable to it chan men, and are moft common- ly expofed to it either when they are barren, or when age hath ren dred them uncapable of Child-bearing. Thetrue Symptomes of it ate difficulty of breathing, lictle Urtne and much tbitft, the con- fumption of che other parts lrkewife in proportion to the encreafe of the Hydropical conftantly happens. The general caufe he fuppofes the weakzefs of the blozd, which not being able to affimilate the Chyle, lets ics fall into che pendulous parts ofthe Body, cill ac laft it enters the Abdomen, where while the quantity of icis {mall nature forms little bladders co contain.it, till ac lati exceeding all meafure, it knows no bounds bit thofe of the Perironanm. The caufes which weaken the bloud he takes to be tbe excefs of Venefettion, of “of any other Evacuation, any long diftemper, or a conftant abufe of fpirituous drinks. His indications are to evacuate the water, and toftrengthen the bloud, for both which he gives particular dis tections,and among his remedies thefe two efpecially he commends, viz,Elaterium, and Crocus metallorum. = = = = 0 000 - .. Pifcourfing of che hidden conveyances nature carries of chefe was _ tersby, he infers the great ufe of Anatomy in Phy/ick, as being thar, Without which ic isimpoffibe toform clear Jdea’s either of the na- ture or caufes of the difeafes ; And does nor in the leaft doubt che fuccefs of his method, unlefs the wifcera by long lying in the waters — are corrupted. — He does not much commendthe Paragentefis orthe — eA cupunttura, they being as likely to caufe a Gangrene as BliSters themlelver, by the way he takes notice of the burning with AZoxa, which he will.pot allow to have a Specifick quality in its flame, any more than another actual fire, and although We owe this. Medicine to the Indians, yer it was not unknown tothe Antients, for Hippo | crates dire&ts cauterifing with raw Flax inthe very cafe ofthe Gowr, | "one od tdi lcoyR. Pye hol euitubisid M Printdby LEONARD LICHFIELD, Printer | to the Univerfity, and are tobe fold by Mofes P:t.at the Angel, and Richard Chifwel at the Rofe and Crown - In St. Pauls Church-yard, Hem Rogers atthe Sign «^ of the Bible in Weftminfter Halland Sam.Smith = at the Princes-Arms in St. Pauls Church-yard, 1 6 8 3. - "S ey n Number, Tranfact. / | Phitofoph [55131 ] Aum. 131.7 PHILOSOPHICAI IR AUS A26 TD OUN.S, Sept, 20. 1683; The CONTENTS. id 24 account of tbe Earthquake that happened’ at Ox- ford, and the parts adjacent Sept. 17. 1683. by a fel- low of a College 2 that Univerfity, and of the Royal Society.2 4n account of the Eclipfes or ingrefles of Ju- -piters Satellits Zu£o his. fbadow, and fuch Emerfions of them from zt, as will. be vifible at the Obfervato- fy at Greenwich in the three laft Months of this year 1683. fent-tn a Letter to tie Publifher from I. F. Aftron. Reg. 3 dm account of the cutting out the Cecum of a Bitch, by the zngentous William Muf- grave LI. B. Student in. Phyfick, and fellow of New- College Oxon. . 4.Succenita Fitforiola de tribus Con- . jonctionibus magnzs, Saturni fcilicet Jovis, nec non Martis, Gedani. Exeunte Anno 1682. & initio An- ni 1683.ad 28 Matt jt.n.ujque,afOH ANNE HE- FELIO obfervatis. y. 90 H ANNIS HEVE- LIL Obfervationes circa nonnullas occültationes Fix«- arum Gedani Anno 1683. habite.. ere s An account .of the Earthquake that mm at Oxford and the parts adjacent Sept. 17.1693. bya fellow of a College in that Univerfity, and of the Royal Society. y Hen you engaged me to give you fome obfervations up- on thelate earthquake, which happened here at Oxford, V v the 17th of Sep’. 1683. about feven of the clock im the morning, 1 hoped to have gotten a better account of it, than ince I have been able to procure, For though a matter: fo unu dt | fual ; [312] | fual might be fuppofed.to render men more curious in obferving it, yet we find to the contrary, that the rarity of fuch effects makes many people not know what they are, and by heightning . their furprize impofesupontheir judgemepnts. — . | For I am fenfible that a great many of thofe, who plainly felt the fhaking, and heard'the noife, which attended it, did not know what to impute itto; but of thofethat I have difcourfed with con-. cerning it,.one fancied it to be the falling of fomething about his houfe; another the tumbling of wood; a third the ratling of a cart, one one thing, and another anothers till eithera mature delibc- ration, or intelligence from other hands, convinced them.to the N contrary, and fatisfied them that it wasan earthguake, Even many of thofe, that could imagine it to be nothing elfe, were afraid at firít to fpeak their opinion of it : I queftion not but all were ve- ry much amazed, and had they not beenfo, the fhort continuance of the trembling would hardly have permitted them to makeany accurate obfervation, | Qe ABE i te. yt I for my part perceived the found and motion very plainly, and though when] faw the clearnefs of the morning 1 judged that to be an earthquake, which otherwife I might have thought to have been only a diftant thunder, yet had I not fo clear an impreffion of it in my mind as to make any confiderable obfervations of my own; fothat whatT can offord you will be only fome occafional reflections upon earthquakes in general, and fome fmall remarques .. tpon that little intelligence, which I have picked up here and there concerning this in particular. E^ | I The time in, which this earthquake happened is to be obfer- ved, atime in which fuch effects are moft commonly experienced, if we may credit Z4risZotje, who tells us that they are molt free — quent in Spring and Aztumn; which remarque, though flighted — by Gaffendus; who generally affects to contradict that P bz/ofopber, is notwitliftanding confirmed by that great naturalift P/;jsy, and feveral other leatned men inall ages ; who do not deny but that earthquakes may, and have feveral times happened both in Summer — and winter, tho not fo commonly as in the other two fea/ons, in - which there is generally a greater. abundance of moifture fucked up, more vapours and alarger quantity of Witre, as experience doth demonftrate, all which ingredients may confpire tothe pro- ‘ducing of an earthquake. For if we confider how capable rhey are of a large expanfion, how forcible they are when rarified in veffels clofed and placed over the fire; in /Eolypiles, from which they break out, with forcible blafts, or in winds, which ie bea | UN [3n] ly proceed from the rarefaction of fuch principles, we may fup- pofe that thofe vapours, which produce fuch great commotions in "the air, may caufe a confiderable difturbance in the earth, when pent andlocked upby cold, or any fuch like accident. | 2 V Ve may therefore take notice of the-weather which happen- ed before, and at the time. Now I very well remember, that - the latter part of the firft week in September was fo rainy, that moft people were apprehenfive of a jlooa, and upon Sunday the oth of September there fell fome very confiderable fhowers in the after- noon, but from that time it cleared up, and tothe end of the next week continued very warm and pleafant weather, as I remember by a greatmany circumftances. The pleafantnefs of the evening inviting me to walk out with fome friends, upon Sada) the 16th . day, as wecame home we perceived it very chilling, and inclina- ble to froft; nay fome in the company fancied they faw a little skim of Jce arifing uponthe water; the next morning it was found to bea very hard froft for the feafon, and then about feven of the Clock, the day being very clear and calm, the earthguake happen- ed. The like obfervations of cold preceeding are in Dr. Wallis . account of an earthquake n. 10. of the Philofophical Tranfactions, . asalfo in that of Mr. Boylen. 11.concerning the fame earthquake, which happened in an evening, as this laft did in a morving, and it hath been an old * obfervation that they happen moft commonly at fuch times. : | 3 The height of the gaicksilver in the Barometer was as confide- rable at the time of this earthquake, as.that which they defcribed, | - Icould not for want of a gia/s take notice of it my felf, but I am told by the Operator in Chymifiry here, that It. ftood as high. then, as at any time thefe three years; which together with a . remarkable calmnefs of the air, a matter generally looked upon. as one of the circumftances, which accompany earthquakes, and by many reckoned amongft the (gus which forerun them, may be fuf. ficient to fhew how free the air was from vapours at that time, and furely the fewer there were above, the more may be fuppo- fed below. à 4It may not be improper amongit other circumftances to take notice of thofe igves fatui, which were frequently feen afew days before this earthquake happened s for Lam credibly informed _ by fome, who were eye.witneffes, that they faw twoat once as _ they were walking one night, and that feveral perfons had at other times obferved the like ; which may pafs for a probable ar- gument, at leaft, to fhew how full the earth was then of € : Sl. and & who pretended tothe fame forefight, by tafting the waterof a ve- termiitent knocking, foas oftentimes to raife the earth to a confi- to be a trembling motion: yet was it not of that fort of zremors that . fail (to ufean old comparifon) and confequently fuch as frequent- ly overthrow buildings, and work mifchiefs of that uature: But . this whichlam defcribing was of a third fort of earthquakes, ac- Were repeated with a great deal of quicknefs. The pulfes ( I which found kept time fo exactly with ihe motion, and-was fo | : [314] and exbalatzons, fince a ftench, that hath tainted well water after an unufual manner, hath upon the fame account been generally reckoned amongft the figns of an earthquake, by which it may be predicted: for by this it was that Pherecydes is faid to have pre- faged the eart: quake of Lacedemon,and Helmont mentions another ry deep well in the Cajfle of Lovarr. T ..$ But to proceed to the eartbauake it felf and todefcribeitsmo- | tion,"it was not of that fort, which are termed pulfes or f/uceuffions ;. fuchas {trike the ground at right angles with a violent fhock or in- derable height, or force their way by a breach; it appears rather are called Incliners, fuch as ftrike the earth at acute angles, o a- flope, fuce as make it. tolean. fideward, like a fhip that is under ^ ld om i i cording to the general diftinétion, fuch as vibrate and fhake with- out altering the pofition of the earth, and leave all things in the fame pofture in which they found them. For it (hook the earth with a tremulous and vibrating motion, whofe reciprocations mean fuch as muft of neceffity be in all vibrating motions) were as I could perceive a little difcontinuéd, and yet they came fothick that I could not count them, tho the whole earthquake continued here fcarce more than 62ds of time, and when that ended the motus veftitutionis, or fettling of the building in which I was, did feemto be with a crafh. | ior | | 6 Now astremulous and vibrating motions are proper to pro- duce founds, fo was this earthquake accompanied with a hoilow murmuring found, likediftant thunder, as Ihave obferved before, conformable to it in all refpects, thatitplainly appears, there was the fame reafon for both: Nay this found was varied by the very fame accidents, that the trembling was ; for to thofethat were with in dores it appeared to be more confiderable, and as it were in th air above, occafioned chiefly by the fhaking of the building, a we may guefs by a blow or ftamp in a room, which befides th principal found from the part that is ftrncken, caufes anothe obfcure one, together with a fmall fhaking throughout the whole And I doubt not but fuch founds and fhakings. may be RIEN m ; ifie | [315 ] dified , according to the difference contextures and forms of buildings, as for inftance in arched fabricks the trembling may be more uniformly vibrating, and the found more confiderable, as " the air included is capable of more undulations, which I pre- _-, fume may be the reafon why you heard it foloud in the Za£oraro- ry; forit is certain that all other founds have a great advantage tiere. P ( | 7 But thofe that were abroad in the fields and open air, percei-.. ved, witha gentle fhaking, a hoilow murmur towards the furface of the earth, not unfitly compared tothe groaning of fome planks of Elm, Afh, or Firr when the application of fire,to the wood by rarefaction excites a motion in the air and watry parts contained |». in the caverns or. air veflels, lying like fo many little wind pipes ( vid. Dr. Grews Anatomy of Plants li. 3. c. 7.$. 7. ) fo asto thake the ligneous fibres, and caufe both a trembling, and found: the - - comparifon, tho feemingly trivial, may be more confiderable, than . he is aware, that fhall defpife it, if he makean allowance for the - different quantity and contexture betwixt the board and the earth, together with the various application of the heat, which inthe one cafe is outward, and in the other is fuppofed to be internal. — Now that that there is confiderable heat within the earth 1s ma- nifeft, from the experience of Z4izers working in the deeper ‘grooves, of which you may read more in Mr. Boyles treatife of fub- terraneal qualities: from thofe hot fprings which break out thence, from firmentations occafioned by mineral fpirits, and to give a vulgar inftance from the mixture of quick lime and water, together - with feveral ebullitions in diverfe experements too commonly — - known, and too many to be here inferted, Nor is it lefs commonly obferved,that fuch heatsand fermentations within the earth are aug- - mented by frofty weather, when the fteams being more pent up, and hindred from breaking out, do work more forcibly upon one another, as have hinted before. _ 4 reta And that foundsand tremblings may be produced by fuch heat, though it did but work upon air, watery vapours, ot nitre only in- * cluded in poresand cavityes, appears by feveral experiments, asthat of filling glafs bubbles half full with water and zitre, which being fet to the heat ofthe fire will tremble with a fort of hnmming found, and after that break with a great deal of noife and vio- lence; but thofe vulgar obfervations, of green wood burning, of " water boyling in a covered veffel, may be fufficient for our prefent purpofe, ey : 8 By what analogy this of ours may be beft explained I fhall not i | vos yet ; [316 ] yet determine, but its found, as wellas its trembling appears to be the fame in moft of thofe places, where they were perceived, _as Ihave learntbya confiderable enquiry 5 from whence we may infer that they were not caufed by the falling of earth or rock from the upper part of fome cavern ; nor from any commotion of va- pours within the hollow, as-powder works in a mine, by which fimilitudes it is ufual to expound fome earthquakes 5 for then it would have been perceived more plainly in the places above it, or thofethat were near adjoyning and not equally confiderable in towns of fuch various diftances, as Oxfora, Burford, watlington, - Benfon; Brill and Alisbury in Bucks : Wallingford, Radley, Appleton and fome other places in Berkshire, with many more round about from whence I have had information, - iin Boy 9 Yet tho it was the fame in the main, I cannot fay but in fome places it waslefs confiderable than others, for I find that the men of fome towns fpeak dubioufly,efpecially towards the north of Ox- ford, and fome talk of a neighbouring town feeling it, tho their . own did not. One knows not how to believe the countrymen that are oftentime unobferving, or otherwife 1 fhould affirm that it was not at Kirtleton, Glympton, ot Afcot under Whichwood: but whether it was, or was not, or not fo plain in fome places, as it was generally in its circuit, the matter is not much, for it only argues that fome places are not fo apt to be fhaken as others, of which your own reafon-may inform you as well-as all the natura- Lifts, that have written upon this fubject. ^ | Yea, even here in Town the earthquake was not perceived fo plainly in fome places, as in others; bur that may depend upon circumftances, as the pofition and ferm of the houfes, or fome ac- cidents, as noyfeor Carts intervening, which might render it lefs - obfervable, Befides, 1do not deny but there may be fome Cwi- culi, little paffages or hollows here and there under ground, which might advantage the trembling, and elfewhere more folid parts which might damp and obftroct it: Nay, I believe, if one fhould ac i in any two places he would hardly find them tobe exact- _ y alike. | xd | 7 ORE] 10 This might occafion fome difference in the found too, and E. remember one that was walking then, informed me, that he per-> - ceived it like a voice under ground, but he could not tell which Way it pafled, perhaps there might be a cavern there. Another report of that nature | have heard as from one that was travelling over Shotover, and it is. very likely that there are confiderable hol- lows there, | | | Accord- [317 ] | According to this account the Elm plants. mentioned Obf. 7th may be a proper. fimilitude, but I have informations from oneia Z'ownthat was fifhing in the Char wel,that whilft his boat trembled under him, and the leffer filhes feemed much affrighted by an un- ufual skipping, he heard the murmur as of a rifing wind, which he fancied juft then breaking out, and rumbling upwards, but felt none, The like relation, as to rambling in the air, I have from good hands concerning fome people that were in Dourtoz park in Buck: angham (hire, which I mention only for the.diftance fake, for mot hereabouts agree inthe fame fancy, though at firft fome thought the rumbling might proceed from a Cart, butthey could not dif- cern which way it went; I my felf perceived it like diftant thun- der, a noife determined to one place, not fleeting or paffing from me, tho the crafh which ended the fhaking of the building a little - deceived me in my firft imaginations. Upon all which accounts its feems to me that the mode of its tre. mulous and vibrating motion, together with its found, may be beft explained by thofe effervefcences mentioned in the 7th-Obfer. and I believe you may have a great many more inftances from Vour chymical operations, particularly in drawing offthe fpirit of - Natre, with which Lemery will allow the third part only ofa retort tobe filled for fear it fhould break afunder. _ But to ítick to the moft common inftance of water feething in a- - covered veffel, we find the Axcients defcribed a fort of earthquakes - by this very analogy ; and Ariftorle in his book de Adundo, where he gives them feven appellations according to fome accidental af- - fections, whereby they may be diftiguifhed, calls thofe of this kind _ bythe name of Bpaxu as if they boyled, becaufe they ply up and “down : I know that fome may interpret fuch a one to be a pulfe, but when | faid that ours was none, I diftiuguifhed it from the other, according tothe common way, by a different mode in their motion as they affect the fenfe, which now to explain more fully, 1 take this that happened here to be no fuch forcible, or irregular - ebullition xaifing the earth with intermitting fhocks, as that of Mechlin for inftance April 4. Anno 1640. defcribed by Van Hel- mont, but aregular effervefcence of inclofed vapours more evenly difperfed, working up and down the earth with a trembling of each part, and a reciprocal agaitation of the whole, for fo it was perceived, | | 11 This explication feems to be the more probable, becaufe I could never yet meet with any, who pretended to determine from What part this earthquake came ox whether it went, and if any e a | MN [3:8] had but a fancy asto this matter, the next that I met with had ano- ther to contradict it, which argues that it did not país flopeing like a train, imprefling a motion upwards, at the fame time that it fhot it felf acrofs the earth through the cavities below. For then it might have been perceived to país forwards, as well as that defcribed in the Traz[aclion ; n. 10. was at Bletchington, tho not fo plainly, at that terrible one, which happened in Calabria, March 27. Anno 1638. defcribed by Kircher (praefat. ad mundum — filter. ) where the Author perceived it coming.towards him with an hideous bellowing, asfrom the lfland Srronzelz, and defcribes thofe cumiculi, through which it paffed, affirming that he gueffed atthem before; 1i, 4, $2: 6, To, ^1 0T ota DET Notwithítanding I cannot fay, but that fome parts of thofe damps and vapours, which we fuppofe to haue caufed our earth- guakehere, might be rarified before others , and fo the motion be carried on below for a while, until they were able to produce an uniform fhaking upwardsand above. ss ; 12 The time of the day, at which this earthquake happened, paffes for the fame in every place, that felt it; all fay about feven a clock: butI dare make no inference from hence, that’ the fhaking really was in all placesat the the fame time, unlefs the time had been exactly obferved, to a minute at leaft, in feveral places, For fince all tremorsand founds, as well the greater, as * lefs, are found to movetoan equal diftance in an equal time ; more- over fince the found of a fmall gun, as well as that of a Can- non, for inftance, moves 230 Orgye Parifine ot hexapodes, i, e, 460 yards; ín a fecond, as appears by the curious experiments of Aer(eunns 5 it follows, that'allfounds will move above 15 miles in a minute, and above 940 in an hour, and confequently the trembling of the earth paffing along with a continued noife, may be fuppofed as quick' in its motion, and foit hath been ge- : nerally experienced in all earthquakes. i; sid [know not therefore what to judge, as to the motion of this) eartl-quake, by fo rude an account of the time, nor can any thing be inferred from the moft exact obfervations, that have been made |) in this town fingly, they are indeed to be commended, and F could wifh, that for the futureleatned men efpecially would be! more curious in this matter, fince feveral confiderablé conclufions may be drawn from thence, And to fhew what it is to be mifta- ken ín a minute, let usadmit, what hath been difproved by the 8th Obferv. that this earthquake was caufed by a violent concuff- |l on of any particular place, and that the trembling was thence. | , | aS [^q Um 13 mcn c A A P— = [319] 13 For the circuit of this Earthquake was but 70 miles, or there abouts ; its largeft extent was from Sourh E. to Nor. W. the leaft from N. to S. as willappear bythe following account of its com. país, the beft that I could procure, it was perceived a little fhort of Kirklington N. of Oxford,at Blechington and at Alysbary S. E. where — it was perceived very plainly ; asalfo at Thame which is E. and fo at Afton, Kinfton aud Stoken-Church hill, as one that was then travelling over it informed me ; inlike manner at Watlington S. E, n fay at Reading which is more S. and then its compafs may be fuppofed larger) atzzallizsford S. E. and by S. as much asany place ; at Abington S. but not much, not fo far as Farington S. W. but at Bampton W .at Burforatothe N. at Lo; Hanbourough N. W. not much; at reodffock, which is more N. little or none; and at Glympton, two miles beyond it, not at all, as I am informed. . | Thus far have 1 traced: this Earthquake through part of Oxford- -füire, Bucks, and Berb-fojire a very inconfiderable fpace if compar- . ed, with that, which others have taken up, as for inftance, the Earthquake which happened in the South parts of Norway, Ap. 24. Anno 1657. one hundred and fixty miles in length and fo much in breadth, contrary. to the nature of all thofe Earthquakes, that ever I read of, faith Azchbael Peterfon E fckolt; that defcribesit, but Ksrcher mentions one 200. miles in length Adund, Subs. li, 4» Sect. 2. c. 10. wet : : 14. The effects too were very incon(iderable, as fhaking down fome Pewter in a very few places; cafting out a Truckle. bed weftward,which when I looked upon 1 found fo very eafy to move; and apt to run, as alfo the room fo fmoothand declining towards 'that poynt, that I could as little infer from thence, that the motion came this or that way, as from the falling of many books from the North fide of a Warehoufe, when a few only fell from the South. . Now in other countries there have been Earthquakes, which have produced the moít dreadful effects, overthrowing fom Cé- ties, and fwallowing up others ; ruining whole provinces, and de- firoyiag many thoufands by thofe peftilential vapours, which they exhale, but God be thanked this country has generally been free from fuch mifchiefs, which argues a leffer number of clefts and. caverns. fewer mines comparatively, and a fmaller quantity of Ni- trous fulphureous, and other fuch turbulent matter, as well .as - Mercurial, Avfenical, and other fuch dangerous fteaims. And of what ever nature the inclofed vapours were, which.cauf- ed our late Earthquake, it feems as if they were not able to force their paffage through the earth (unlefs any one fhall-fancy that they | ! unu fteamed [ 320] fteamed out by littleand little dayly, when the Sun refolving the - Frolt had opened thema paflage, through which they might gent- ly expire, ‘foas tocaufe fome Breezes of wind towards the mid time of the day) forthe air remained but little difturbed, and the weather continued ‘fair until the end of the week, though the earthquake happened upon monday morning, nor fhall I pretend to determine, whether yet they have found any vent or no, tho the weekenfuing was very windy and boyfterous, but I thought my felf the rather obliged to.take notice of this paflage, becaufe 1 find thata fuddaynchange of weather has followed feveral earthquakes, as forinftance that which happened here: Jan. 19. Anno"1655, ace - cording to a particular remarque of Mr. Boylein theaccount, which - lhave had occafion to quote before. — — Eo 0) 1$ For the fame reafon that we have earthquakes not fo dread- ful, as in other countrys, we have them notfofrequenr, fome pla- ces are fcarce ever free from them;as Seneca faith of Calabria: fifty feven times in one vear they heard of them in Rome, fayth Pliny s nay they have continued many days together. We have » not had one here before for almoft a fcore of years, except that which happened about 4. aclock in the fame morning with the lat : we have it confidently avouched, that there was fucha one, but being in a manner of the fame nature, and not obferved by me, nor much talked of by others, I (hall take no farther notice of it; but . conclude this obfervation with a remarque concerning earibauabes ingeneral: That feeing the earth abounds with fuch great varie- ty of matter, which may produce them, as alfo with fo many ca- verns and chinks of fuch various figures, through which they may be agitated with fuch different motions, it feems more eafy to fhew how they may begin, how they may be carried on, how they may - produce fuch different effects, and bow they may continue; then todetermine why they (hould happen fo rarely; doe no more mit. : chief, or beftoped fofoonin their motion. = . — 16 As for this earthquake in particular I have fpoken of it ac- cording to the beft intelligence, thatas yet [have been able to pro- cure, from every. part of this town, moit places of the country round it, as well as fome in other countrys, and could have given you agreat many more paflages and relations, if they had not been needlefs as being all to the fame effect. “Ihave heard alfo a great many flying and idle reports, of Scholars that were then at prayers, . running out of fuch and fuch Chappels; of more then ordinary cf. | fects in certain houfes, of perfons that had feen .it movingalong | fome buildings, crofling the ftreet, and fuch like, which have cof me the pains of difproving them. . : On | [321] | On the other hand I have met with a great many differentfan- cys and conjectures, according to the different circumftances of thofe that were then got up, and thofe that were not. 1 found by a great many enquirys that the latter had various imprceflions, ac- - cording tothe pofition of their beds ro a wall on this or that - - fide, and that out houfes allways feemed to receive the fhaking from thofe that were adjoyning, that people walking perceived it not in the fame grounds, in which thofe that were workiag or ftanding ftill did feel it plainly ; that in fome grounds, (as thofe be- __ hind St. Giles) the fhaking was perceived and not tne fonnd. I have heard alfo of fome perfons deceived by the fight, which made _ them fancy it came from that part, which was oppofite to them, _ andfo to glance as their eyes did, thol have found a great many X. reports of this nature falfe; by enquireing of thofe perfons, upon whom fuch obfervations have been fathered. | | - Infhort, 1 found fo hard a task in occurring to different imagina- tions and circumftances, that 1 fhould fcarcely have finifhed this relation; if it had not been to approve my felt, ROI ERR NM UE - . Your humble Servant - TAO PAGO. FE: io. - BoQ- 5.45 GUAR EP Ts ; i$ C Ince the flownefs or other employment of the Prefs has put back your. J Tranfactions for September to the latter end of October, J fhall take notice of another Earthquake far more confiderable thenthis which I have defcribed, upoh all accounts; it happened OF.9. about a 11. at night and was in Qxford fhire northwards very much, fome [ay they felt it ere. It fpred over all the midland Countys, and extended into Derby fhire, in which, asinthe coal countrys it was very violent, They report dhat it was in allits feveral places at the fame time, not determining preci(ely, and that it produced fome remarkable ejfetis. Butthisisa (ubjett which deferves a large defcription, with which I hope that [ome | perfon of your acquaintance will oblige us, | —— AB M25 349d V101 a An IL An account of the Eclipfes or 1ngreffes of Jupi- ters Satellits into bis [badow and fuch Emer- fions of them from it as will be vifible at the Ob- fervatory at Greenwich in the three laft Months of this year 1683. fent ina Letter to the _ Publifherfrom 7. F. Aftron. Reg. $ IR, 3 "6H Here fend you an account of the Eclipfes or Ingreffes of 7 ups- | ters Satellits into his fhadow, and fuch emerfions of them from it as will be vifible at the Ob/ervatory in thethree lat moneths of this year ; they are calculated from ew Tables. 1 made this laft fummer, and I hope fo exactly that the Zzgreffes of the firft will feldom be found when obferved, to differ above 5 minutes from _the time ftated, the 3 but little more; the Ec/ipfes of the fourth and fecond I dare not promife you fhall agree fo well, for I find their motions evidently intangled with inequalitys, which it will require alongtime and many more accurate ob/ervations to deter- mineand limit, then Ihave yet obtained : thefe Ec/ipfes have been eftcemed, and certainly are a much better expedient for the dif- . covery of the Lozgitude then any yet known, by reafon that they happen frequently, and are eafily obferveable with a Telefcope of . 12. foot;or for need with one of 8. Thefe Ingreffes (and-emer fions alfo if vifible) from the time till the opofition of the © and Z7 happen truely on the right hand or in antecedence of the planet, but ifthey — fhall be obferved with Te/efcopes of only two Convex glaffes which invert the object, they appear on the contrary or left fide of him. If thefe find acceptance with our ingenious friends the Eclipfes of. the next year fhall be imparted early enough to be publifhed in the December Tranfadions, Lam 3 | SIR, yours, Ce. | | $T.FLAMSTEE D. Obfervatory Sept. 22. 1683. i The : | L 323] The Ingteffes of 77^ Satellits znto ber fhadow and Emerfi- ons of the third and fourth from zt, vifible at the Obfer- vatory 2n the moneths of O&ober November and De- _ cember, 1685. ; 3m \ | h i - Odleler 9. Ingreffe of the 1. at 2. go. Morne, zpodns. . ofthe 4. at 2. rg. x i6. Ing. Lb A. 43. 18. Ing. Qu AL Zin I7... 23. Ing. eee dE 0. 37. 25. Ing. 2: AGS. y I. » . 3r. Bmerfion of the 3. at 3. 42. Nevcm. 1.Ingr. ofthe 4. at 1. 10. | YN the r. at 2. $9. Emer. ofthe 4. at 4. 52. we. der. .of the 3. at 4. £o. |» Bmert, of the s. at 7.38. 8. Ingr. of ther. at 4. 49. i4. Ingr. of the 3. at 8. o5g.. ts. Ingr. ofthe r. at 6. 40. e de oe ofthe 1, at 1. og. inr Cu I9, ofthea, at 2. 44. 5 - : gos of the r. at 8. 32. - 2.4. ofthe 2. at 3. oo. 26. — ofthe2, at 5. 22. : . Decem.ther.Ing.ofthe r. at 4. $0. Morn, | 2. ; of ther. at 1. 16. A. Noo, © E. ofthe 2, at 7. 47. Morn. i oodd ofthe 1. at 6. 38. Morn. 10. . of ther, at 3.06. Morn. 12,75 ofthe 3. at 11. 42. A. Noo. 13. and Emerf, | at 3. 40. Morn. "ys? Iner, ' ofthe 2, at 11. 32..A: Noo, T^. ofthe x. at 2. 55. Morn. ^ 20, Ingref. ofthe3. at 3. 34. Morn. T and Emerf. at 7. oo. Morn. 21. Ingref. of the 2. at 2. oy. Morn. | of the 4. at 6. 3y. Morn. 24. Ingref,of the 1. at 4. 46. Morn. age the 1.at 11,14," A. Noo. 28. : the;2. a£ 4.:35. Morn. DU SI - the rz, at 6. 36. Morn. [324] - Aii account of tbe eukting out the Caocum of 4 Bitch by the Ingenious Williaur .Mufgrave LL. B. Student in Phylick, and Fellow of New-College Oxon. “(He ufe of the Cecumbeing ftill a Defideratum in Anatomy, 1 thought it worth my while to try, what light the cutting af out of that part, might afford us, ina matter fo obfcure :- In my firft experiment of this kind (which. was in the Eafter-week 1683.) my hopes were foon defeated, by the death of the Dog; two days after the Operation ; but being more fuccefsful ina fe- cond attempt, I will now (according to your defire) give you an . aceoupnbgfatec c Ga INO PLUME SIS ceo eis April 16g3. I.tooka Bitch, of about a year old, and opend the Abdomen, on the right fide, in the Regio Iliaca, pafling my knife thro the Mujculus oblique afcendenssand by the fide of the Atufculus Re- Eus 5 having found the Cacum, | immediatly put up the other gutts - again into the Abdomen, after which I feparated the Cacum from the eum, cutting the membrane which binds part of the former .. tothe latter; then, having. made aligature onthe artery which comes to the Cecum, I made three, or four prick-feams thro the fides of the Cacum, at the farther end of it, where it 1 it iscontinued to the Redam, and by thus fowing the fides together, ftopt the paf- - fage of the Feces that way 5 after this I cutt off the Cacum about j of. an inchfrom the ftitches, and fowed together the new made lips, entring my needle alwais on the infideand paffing itthrothe outer — membrane, that fo the lips might the bettertouch edgewais, and - grow together, the wounds being fowed up, and the Bitch tied away, milk is fet before her, of which fhe lapt a fmall quantity the next morning, and by degrees recovered, fo that in three weeks the feemed as wellasever.; ina Jittletime (running up and down in the College) fhe grew fat, and proud, and the laft fümmer brought a litter of Whelps: In four moneths obfervation I could not perceive any fuch. alteration in her, as might reafonably be im- putedto the lofs ofthe Caecum, = = PUT ^ Sept. 19. 1683. Icaufed hertobe hangd, and opend her a fe- cond time ; Dr. Pitt, our Learned Profeffor of. Avatomy, was pleafed to oblige me with his!company; we foynd’a great part of the Omentum ly ina heap onthe ‘right fide ; it hadnot recovered - its natural pofture, fince it was put up with the gutsat the firft o- pening ; the edges of the wound were well grown together; in fhort, we did not find any thing that feemed to intimate the leat vant, or fupply the place-of the Caecum. 2: | : 3 Suscintia f. [ 325] T Succintia Hiftoriola, De tribus Conjunflionibus Magnis Satuini fcilicet. Fovis nec non Martis, Gedani exeunte Anno 1682.09 initio Anni 1683. ad 29. Maii ft. n. ufque, à Johanne Hevelio o5- fervatis. (oe S Us TAS MS | Enfe Septembri anni precedentis 1682. cum Cometa = [ele oculis noftris prorsus fubduxifiet, coepi tres fupe- | B riores Planetas Saturnum ovem & Martem, qui haud Z& multum ab invicem diftabant, atque ad ecoenjentliozem |». vergebant, aliquanto crebrius & diligentius, a die fcilicet 17 Sepr. novo noftro Sextante orichalcico, per plurimas diftantias 4 diverfifh- ‘mis Fixis, quandoque etiam Adicrometro, quanto fieri potuit, di- metiri; ut fuo tempore ipfe. obfervationes docebunt. Hac vice * folummodo tibi, vir preclariffime, in gratiam Affrophilorum primum referam, quid die 27 Sept. ft. n. á me pera&um fir; eo praefertim. attento, quod nonnulli fpem feciffent ea ipfa die, Lunam cornicu- latam decrefcentem omnes tres módo di&tos Planetas omnino tcciu- ram; que occultationes ut rariffumz, & quidem fimul una eadem- |" -que die accidunt, fic fane merentur obfervari 4 quibufvis Rerum Ceeleftium ferutatoribus, Quare & ego officio meo nolui deeffe, fed {ammo mane, ab hora fecunda, ad Solis occafum diigenter his congrefhibus invigilavi: &ut ut he occultationes de die inciderent, fperafíem tamen me optime ornnia notaturum ; fed Celam omut- - no nubilumab ipfo Solis exortu ad Occafum ufque id minime in- dulfit. Mane, hora 3 Calo aliquanto (ereniori, Lazam tum tres reliquos *P/azetas nudo quidem confpexi ocule, fed Las eo tem- pore adhuc ad feptem circiter gradus removebatur f. f. f. Occaf'um - verfus ; unde certo concludere poteram, ante meridiem L4 mo- tufuo reliquostres Plavetas haud affecuturum. . Quantum autem . ex inclinatione Cornuum Lune quoad Planetarum deCtum coliizere licuit, protinus perfpiciebam, nullas fore Occultatzoves, fed tan- tum tranfituss ficut Lana infra illos fuperiores Planetas incederit. In qua opinione magis magifque etiam fum con&rmatus: cum die fubfequente 28 fc. Sempt. mane, nec Regulus fuetit a Luna tecivs, que ftella, ratione utriufque /atirsdizis potius occultari debuiliet. em ?. R CE "LÁ - -- [ 326] Regulus namque in ipfa Conjunétione, hora fc. 4 6" diftabat 4 fupe- riori Lune cornu Boream verfus adhuc 31' 55^ ; id quod optimo Micrometro, Tuboque egregio accurate obfervatum eft; adco ut nul- la prorfus fuerit occultatio R eguli, fed tantummodo Lune tranfitus, {ta pariter accidit, die 25 O¢tod. circa illas occustationes, quas non nulli pradixerant. Nam 7spiter & Saturnus nec non Mars die 26 Ooh. (t, n. minime fuerunt 2 Luna obteCti ; fed Luza fatis longe infra Planetas inceffit: quot vero minutis precife, tempore conjunctions à Planetis abfuerit, Colum fub nubilum adeo accurate Micrometro dimetiri minime tum conceffit, Situm tamen Fovis & Saturni hac die 26 hora fci. 1 40' mane 7 abo & Micometro dicto ex : voto deprehendere mihi obtigit : quo tempore fimul Fixa que- dam fatis confpicua .( quod notatu dignum) dictis Planetis fatis prope adharebat. —7upiter fefe cum tribus Comstibu: tum offerebat, forte & quartus adfuit, fed ob nubeculas haud fuit confpectus. Saturuns diftabat á Jove 16' 44^ 5 Fupiter á Stella (ni fallor in ar- mo dextro Leonis ) 27' $55 Rurfus Saturnus 4 dicta Stella 38’ 1". Stella dicta verfatur modo juxta noftrum Catalogum in 19 2' 9" (0 Leonis, & latit. o 20 45" B. Die Veneris 30 Offob, manehora y rurfus 7ovis & Saturni di- ftantiam dimenfus fum ; 'ea nimirum intentione. (cum fecundum Ephemerides conjunctio adhuc inftaret, atque 3 Dovemb. celebrari primum deberet ) me jam Jovem aliquanto propiorem Saturxo in- - . venturum ; fed fpe plane fum fruftratus. Siquidem diftantia di- ta, que die 26 O&o^, 16' 4.4" hacdie, 25’. j " extitit, atque fic no- tabiliter major reperta eft. Unde certo colligere licuit Conjunttio. "em jam ante complures dies celebratam effe, quam Ephemerides - calculufque primum die 3 Novemb. exhibent, Id quod fubfequen- tes obfervationes adhuc clarius demonftrant. Namloco, quoddi- ftantia Jovis & Saturni de die in diem (fi Conjuétio inftaret ) pau- latim minor feri debebat, continuo aucta eft, Die Soli 1 Nov. . hor. 2 mane, ope ZMicrometri noftri dicta diftantia extitit 31' 36" Et die Lune 2 Nov. eandem diftentiam rurfus reperi 35/21" 5. die JMartis, 3 Nov. mane hor, r. jam 39' 9's die Afercurit 4 Nov. Coelo perquam fereno adhuc paulo major dicta di- . ftantia inter ^fovem & Saturnum deprehenfa, fic ut amplius. meo 74i- crometro eandem dimetiri haud potuerim, fed Sextante per diftan- tas eam impetravi, Ex quibus iterum iterumque fatis fuperque nunc patet, fuperiores P/azetar, E pbemeridum computatores, om- nemque calculum egregie elufiffe, Conjuntlionemque Magnam non die 3 Nov. fed longe citius incidiffe ; fic ut Tabule omnes feria correctione, etiam in. fuperioribus Planetis ( uti jam olim in Afer- ! curso ae 7 LBaad €yrio meo füfficienter demonítravi ) indigeant : quemadmodum adhuc clarius €x fubfequentibus horum Planetarum congreff bus patebit, Alteram igitur Corjuzéiionem Magnam quod attinet que incidere debebat fe. cundum Zphemeridum Scriptores die 26 fanuarii hujus Anni currentis 168 3 pariter propofueram diligentiffime obferváre, imprimis cum viderim edcoenor- miter Conjunétionem hanc priorem 4 calculo receflifie. Sed Coe/zm frequenter nubilum impedivit ut ab 2t f'assar. ad 1 Fer, ufque ne femel quidem P/;- metas intueri potuerim, | Hincque ab hac dieavidiffime incepi Conjunttioni hvic rurfus invigilare, que altera nunc viceex retrogrefionibus borum Plavetzrtm fuperiorum incidere debebat. Omnes autem & fingu'as Obfervationes tam Sex- tante, quam ZMicrometyo cgregio habitas, cum nimis longum foret, Amice Ho- noranac, hic apponere, hac vice non confultum effe duco, fed eas refervabo in annum meum obfervationum Climaétericum propediem edendum. | Quare non- nullas tantum & piecipuas ZMicromerro habitas hic apponam, que fufficere huic Hiftoriole de trina hac notabili Coujunttione AZagna videbuntur. Menf..dies ITempus ex Anno 1683, Diflantiz ft. n.. Altitudin. | OBSERVATIONES correctum | Saturm & fovis. — - Wor. ’ ae | r o i m. "Fri. 16 40 c|Ditt. Satur. & Jou, inventa eft, E die € vefp. | aiooparium; hoceft o 25 gUMierowetr dMFelro2. | |Diit. Satur. & Jou, inventa. ett, die of vefp. i | 2900 partium ; hoc eft o 22 35UMcrom. Febr.3. | o olDift. Satur. & jov. inventa eft f P dic fe) vefp. : | : . 2300 partium ; hoc eft O Ig brin. Felr.4. | 10 o c|Dilt.Satar. & fov. inventa cit | | die Z vefp. | [| 2300 partium ; hoc eft lo 17 29 Microm, _ Felr.5. |8 30 oWilt. Satur, & jov. invenia cit, | 3 diegveip.| —— — |__2100 partiums hoc et! o. 1$ $5} AZicrom. Febr.6. | I OlDift. Satur. & Tov. inventa cit | : m vep:. | 18g0 partum; hocett 'o 14 6 Mfierom. Febr, 7. 17. 19!Diit. Satur. & fov. inventa cil, — UE die) vefp.] _ : 1700 partium s hoceft .— le 12 551 Adicrom. ES S [6 10 xg Satur, & Tov. inventa eft. | die ( vefp. i 1600 partium ; hocelt ! 9 12 10 Microm, Dic 9. Felr. vefp. hor. 9.0' 0” Cae/um omnino nubilum extitit; nihilominus - tamen femel Plavetas T ubo confpexi per dehifcentes denfiffimas nubes ; fed tan- tum temporis non concedebatur,ut debite Micrometro diftaniam Satur, & fovis dimetiri potuerim 5 oculo tamen fugitivo deprehendebam Corjgz&zorem ipfam jam celebratam effe nocte precedente inter 8. & 9. Feér. Nam cicta diftantia jam raulo amphor modo apparebst. Prout etiam die Fovis 11. Febr. vetp. h. 9. , O' 0" factum eft: nam diftantiaioter Saturnum & Fovem crat partium 20c0, h oc eft o 15' 12" Micrometro, que die 8 Febr. tantum Inventa eft 0 12' 10" Ad lec Conjunttiovem jam effe celebratam, exinde certo confiabat, quod utcr- que Planeta cum ventre Urfe Majcris non amplius, ut quidem cie 8 Fez. con- X tingebat ie [328] tingeb:t, in linea fublifteret recta; tum etiam quod Saturnus non amplius ad Orbitam evialium füb angulo rectocommoraretur. Manifeftum igitureft,eti- — am hanc Conjunétionem magnam intermediam omnes S uppatateres, calculofque €- gregie elufiffe, tum illos, qui conjunttionem hancad diem 27. 7 asuarii, tum etiam €os qui ad 2 Febr. retulerunt: priores ad 12. fere dies, & pofteriores minimum ad 4. vel s. dies aberrarunt. Sicut certum fit, quod hac intermedia conjunfties longe tardius ; illa vero prior longe citius contigerit, quam Tabula revera pro- miferint. Quamobrem omnimode allaborandum ab omnibus rerum Cole(tium cultoribus, ut ab iftis maximis deviationibus Za/zle Affromomica tandem de- purgentur, | Quo autem hoc ipfum eo evidentius rederetur, o^fergmtioses fingulis diebus ~~ fabfequentibus, quoties Calum tantummodo annuit, diligentiffune continuavi, non folum. Aicrometro, fed etiam fextante, diverfiffimis dittantüis à plurimis fixis capiendis; verum ex iis tantummodo non nullas Aicrometro acquifitas hic apponam, ' ho | ; ^. Quo Menf.dies | Tempus ex | Anno 1685. - | Dittan.12e tin. ^jAltitadin. | OBSERVATIONES| In firumento correctam, Saturni & “Fovis. | Hot. toe | "b "A Pelt. da. 64 i9 192 5 po 1 9 0 Oo |Dift. Satur. & Tov. captaeft | | 2200 partium hoc eft Febr. 13. |7 1$ 0 |Dift. Satur, & jv. capta ett die f, vefp. | 2550 partium ; hoc eff |o 19 UR mn Febr. 14. |? o o |Dilt, Satur. & ov, captaett | | | 29090partium; hoceft- |o 22 3 |Microm. die 9 vefp, die GC) vefp.! Febr.17. |6 0 o |Dilt.Satar. & "fov. capta eft : 3 die $ vefp. : 37350 partium ; hoc eft lo 28 30 [SR Pebr.20. |9 0. o |Diit Saar. & Tov. capta elt) ~ A die h, vefp. | | $230 partium; hoceft lo 30 12 | Micrem, S Ex hifce igitur continuatis obfervationibus fatis fuperque liquet, cum de die ia diem Planete abinvicem magis magifque difcefferint,quod conjunétio ipfa inter 8. & 9. Febr. revera jam fuerit celebrata, Ab hoc vero tempore die 20. Febr. diftantiam horum Planetarum Micrometro non amplius, ob nimiam eorum remotionem potui obfervare; nihilominus ta- men fingulis diebus fextante iis invigilavi ; quo eorum locus poftmodum cui- que pateret, & ubinam, & qua die ffatiozem celebraverint. Quas omnes fuo tempore cuique fub oculos ponam, cum aliis notatu dignis obfervationibus ali- orumque omnium Planetarum, poft 11. partem AZachina mex Ceeleftis obtentis, Denique adjiciendum pariter cenfeo Afrophilirum gratia, quidnam circa. tertiam corum corjuzélionem, Menfe Mais obfervaverim ; ut eo promtius eli- ciam, quid in Jtalia Gallia & Anglia, ab amicis hocce in negotio detectum fit; & ut videas mz amice, Saturnum. & Jovem a legibus Affronomorum, etiam tertia — vice, quam longiffime difceffiffe ; imprimis cum Celum ipfum mihihic Gedani - ex voto fatisannuerit, Sed folummodo ab octavo AZaii incipiam, ubi primum Micrometro Diftantias fuperiorum Planetaram dimetiri conceffum fuit, ' | Menf. 1325] 23 | 9 s o lDti(t.Sarzr. & fov.inventa ett | 3250 partium ; hoc eft HO°.'6 0 ues & Tov. inventa eft 3600 partium ; hoc eft Mats | 25 9 30 o | Dilt, Satur. e jov. inVenta elt| die g^ vefp.| - 4ooo partium; hoc eft Maii 26 | 11 0 o ]|Dift.Satur.& Fov. taventaelt .. die $$ vefp. 4433 par hoc eft ees Aa 4900 partium shoc eff, 9 56 0 I Dill s atur: i& Foy. inventa elt E $325 partium ; hoc eft Cc io) Oo O enf. dies | Temp : fe: | Anno NUS |Diftantize (n Ps ft. n. cund. Ho- ose ERIS esl | Lnfrrumento. trol. ambul. Saturni & fovis. j eh Hor. / H 3 o / Ay Mai 8 | 9 6 o|Dilt, Satur.& Fov.inventa eft die fh vefp. 4300 partium; hoceft | o 32 41 ors Man 10|9 14 o|Dil.Sarur.& Fov.inventa eft 28 i Microm, die )) vefp. 2750 partium :. hoc eft | o Mali 11 |? 10 o |Diit.Sarur.& Fov.invenia elt| — 34.50 partium ; hoc eft | O 26 13| Microm, Man 8 43 o|Dift. Satur.G fov. iuventa cft Hie veto. E 3050 partium; hoc eft. | o. 23 10] 7Mterom. Mat 13 | 9 15 o |Dift.Sarzr.& fov. inventa, eft| - die 7 vefp. | 2800 partium , hocelt | o 21 17; Mais (4| 9 As 0 |Dilt.Sater.& ov. inventa elt 1 fdie € vefp. |. : | 2530 partium ; hoc eft O I9 23 ZMicrom, Mai d$ | 9 30 o |Uift.Satur. & Fou, inventa eft| die f vefp. | 2400 partium; hoc eft | O 18 rs Microm. |44«i 16 |9 30 o|jDift.sator.& Tov. inventa eft die C) vefp. | 2250 partium ; hoceft | 0 17 “pL ipa: Mdaii 17|9 40 o |Dift. Satur. & Fov.inventa eft| die ) vefp. 2150 partium , hoc eft. | o. 16 10|Zierom. - |Maii 18| 10 0 0 |Dift.Satur.& Tov. inventa eft | > Mieg" vefp.| — | 2100 partium ; hoceft | o. 19 8| Misrm. | | : Hac die extitit vera Con- | igo junctio, Mai 20 | 11 45 0|Dilt. Sarur,& fov. invenia eft] — | die Z^ vefp . 24s0 vrartium ; hoc eft Oo 18 37|Macrom. Maiti 21 | 9 1$ olDilt.Satur.& Fov.inventa Wm: | | | die € vefp. 2650 partium ; hoc eft. | 0 20 9 |Microm | Mai 22|9 200 Dut.Satur.& fovanverira elt | | i id | Idie f, vefp. | 2900 partium ; hoc eft ^ O 220 3- | Mirzam. 24. 43 udin eu 22 o 308 5 " Mitrom; Eye Ad ia Muicrom. br its Microm, a * jm 29 | Microm. Microm-.: ~- | [330] Ex quibus obfervationtbus cuilibet nunc liquidum eft, cum diftantia Saturni & Fours de die in diemcontinuo decreverit ad 18. 7425. & ab hac die rurfus creverit, Conjuntiionem horum Planetarum eadem ipfa die ctiam accidiffe, & quidem, (uti ex obfervationibus dici 1$. & 20. 7Maii patet) hora antemeri- diana 10 ; qua fecundum E phemeridum fcriptores die 26. primum ingruere de- buit. Sic ut hec tertia & ultima hujus Anni Cozjaulio magna paritet haud. me- diocriter Tabulas elu(erit ; itaquidem quod citius ultra 8. integros dies re- veracontizerit, — | : | "f De cetero, hanc ultimam conjunctionem jam celebratam die fc. 18. AZaii vefp, hor, 10. fuiffe, exeo liquet, quod Satyrnus Jamnon amplius eo tempore ad orbitam Fovialinm fub'angulo verfabatur recto ; deinde etiam, (uti ex fub- fequentium dierum ol/ervationitns viaere eit, quod à die 18, 744i; ad diem 28. quoufque Micrometrodittantiam Saturni & 'fovis dirimere potui, continuo aucta fuit, | Ultimo, notandumquoque occurrit, cum die 21. 742ii vefp, inter reliquas obfervationes etiam diftantiam utriufque Planeta à ftella fuperiori in pede cn:eriore dextro Urfz majoris. fextante obtinuerim, atque eadem dicta itella cum utroque Planeta in eadem (imul fere recta tum confifterent linea, quod promptum fit cuilibet Rerum celeflium cultor dijudicare, anobfervationes meae fextante noftro novo fimul obtente,cim obferva ionibus Azerametro captis om- nino etiam conveniant, Sextazte diftantia ovis à dicta ftella erat 32 ^38 40", & Satarni 32 19. 45"; lic ut genuina utriufque P/azetz diftantia extiterit 18. 553 Aicrometro vero eaipfadiltantia inventa eltea ipfa diez r, fc. 44aii 20' 9"; fic ut fextanse obtenta 1 14" minor extiterit. Non eftautem, mi Amice, quod ex ftimes, hoc vel illo iaftrumento me aberraffe, minime perfecto ; quip- | pe Saturnus & Jupiter cum dicta ftella non omnino in linea recta fubftiterunt ; prout cuilibet-ex Globo & calculo patet,hincque neceffario illa diftantia fextante derivata etiam paulo minor oportuit effe, Proinde manifeftum /extantem meum novum, etiamfi priori meo minime fit comparandus, haud effe tamen omnino contemnendum ; cum fatis precife etiam AZicrometro ejifmodi fubtiliffimo in- Ítrameato refpondeat. Re a eee Hzc funt Vir Honorande, que hac vice de tribus iftis diverfis conjunétionibus breviter tibi communicare volui; fufiora fuo tempore, ut dixi, expectabis, Si quid hujus generis ab aliis rerum Ceeleltium feratatcribas etiam impetrave- ris, rogo ut ea mecum pariter. communicare haud graveris, Prima. occafione t bi etiam nonnullas oocz/tationes, ab initio hujus Anni currentishucufqueà me — — €X Celo impetratas, cum altis quibufdam rebus, ut puto notatu haud adeo in- , dignis tran{mitiam, Interea fac,ut quam profperrime valeas, atque amare per- fevera. DE: Ly red | Sues cH | ETE e Tui vir-Preclariflime- Dabum Gedani Anno a BCP © 1683 die ipfo Solttitii m s Amantiffimum de £ftivi 21. Junii ff. ». - vti | Alto fole in Meridie | JoH.HEVELIUM — 39.7 Relea, OVE Quadrante quidem parvulo Orich. fed tamen fatis accurato. i |. SgOHAÀNNIS \ -— — n— i ei Rs 00 0000000 — pem OT EROR [on ^ | BETCOHAANANISIHEVELIJI Obfervationes =? cirea nonnullas Occultationes Fixarum, GE D ANI An- no 1683. habite. xUm Affronomie Cultoribus nuper promiferim, me iis quoque velie (ut circa ternas illas Conjunctiones magnas factum eft ) breviter ex- | Ww. 4 ponere, que circa quarundam &ellarum | Oceultationes. , atque non- , . nullas Lune congreffus , mihi ab 11. Febr. hucufque deprehendere obtigit, facio id nunc animo lubentiffimo , nihil potius exoptans , quam ut mex obfervatiuncule in commodum Uranie quodammodo cedant. —. I. Die 21. Febr. anni hujus currentis 1583. vefperi fperabam non {o- lum partem Eclipfeos Lunaris ( prout Tabule fpem faciebant circa Lune exortum & occafum Solis) fed & fimul occultationem Reguli me oblíer-- vaturum. Quare omne tempus pomeridianum in fpecula impendi ; verum ' fruftra: fiquidem colum totum ad horam ufque nonam veíp. nubibus Obícuriffimis ita erat obductum , ut nihil quicquam, ne quidem unicam ftellulam conípicere licuerit. Poft vero nonam Luna emerfit, fed pror- fus ab omni umbra libera, fic ut nihil penitus de illa Eclipfi deprehenlum fuerit. Oecultationem Reguli, quod attinet, que pariter hac die celebrari - debebat ; fciendum, quod hora nona cum Luna in oculos incurreret, Con- junctio di&a, jam effet prxterita. Siquidem Regulus jam fatis longe occa- - fum verfus à Luna removebatur ; ita ut ea ipfa conjun&tio (quantum ru- - diter colligere dabatur) oriente circiter Luna hora fcil. 5. vel 6. contige- rit : utrum autem Regulus omnino te&us fit , an vero tantummodo tranfi- © tus fuerit, haud adco accurate deprehendere licuit. Si coelum occiden- te Sole omnino annuiflet, preclariffimum extitiffet fpe&aculum hanc con- jun&ionem, una cum particula Eclipfeos debite & accurate annotare. 2. Die 2. Aprilis vefperi propofueram Planetas tantummodo obfervare;- fed cum vidiffem tres ftellulas. minutiffimas haud. procul'à Lunz limbo obícuriori ortum verfus exiftere, quas Luna juvenis , in minima libratio- ne ad. Paludem Maotidem degens, fine omni dubio tegerer, accinxi me pro- tinus: ad. obfervationem jucundiffimi hujus fpe&aculi, & quidem Telefco pio egregio, . Negotium etiam hocce ex voto fucceffit, fic ut binas ftellu- las A & B diftin@iffime viderim à Lunz limbo, licet ob{curiori, occulta- ri. Tertia vero ftellula C non tecta eft, fed in ipfa Conjunctione diftabat a Lune cornuinferiori Auftrum verfus 4 circiter minut. ; ficuti ex appofito Íchemate videre eft. Sectio luminis, & umbrz hac die per Montes Serro- ram Oc Carpatos , per. Sinym Peronticum , inter Byzantium & Inf. Cyanean per M. Amanum, Taurum, rique montes incidit. Prior ftellula A. in Catalogo Tychonico non invenitur ; fed in meo no- vo habetur: vocatur fub cornu Tauri Auftrino fequens quinte magnit. Verfatur hoc tempore in 19. 1135" — & in latit. 4 43 44. Auftr. ; altera uero B quantum ex hac obfervatione colligere potui, exiftit in 19 17 o. Gemin. & in latit. 4. 47 o" Auftr. : at tertia C, que forte nudis oculis non confpicitur, degit modo in 19 9' e" Gemin. & in latit. 5 2; o” Aultr. | Ceterum " (332) ox Coeterum ftella A, Lunam fubingreffa eft ad montem Audum, tranfit per infulam Cercinnam, per M. Neptunum, mare Adriaticum inter M. Hormini- um & M. Amanum, per M. Herculis; fic ut inter Paludem Maotidem & inf. majorem Ca/pii rurfus emerferit : unde liquidum eft hanc ftellulam A fere centralem cum Luna celebraffe conjunctionem. Quamdiu autem fub Luna heferit ipfa {ubfequens obíeruatio oftendit: nam admodum exa&e illam rurfus prodire animadverti. my Altera vero ftella B fexte magnit. Lunam iügreffa eft ad Paludem Marao- tidem , tranfit per Sinum Scyrticum, ad M. Athos, per M. Latmum, inter montes Sipylum & Macyfitum , infra centrum Lune, per fuperiorem M. Mofcbum , pet Fretum. Ponticum , atque fic infra infulam majorem Ca/pii ;. . | prodire autem illam non confpexi: ob Lunz decliviorem fitum, váporef- que ei adherentes. - & Quo Ment: dies [T emp. fe- - Anno 1683. .Diftant Tempora -ft.n. - lcundhorol..oCC UL TAT IO.Altitud. — Inftrumen-lex altitud. | ambul;./ |Duarum ftellularum to. j[corigenda Hor. cuni atterius Pranutu- NOn CR © for? 7*7" April 2 9.53 go|nitium Occultationis [~~ ‘Tubo egre die Veneris Stellule Majoris A. s. m gio. vefp. ye | i 36 | -—Mo $8 -30o(ConjunctioLune &Stel- | ' : — flule C, diftabat à Lune Hk | Tubo cornuinferiori .' d d: 10. 29 36|{nitium Occultatonis || | Tubo (tellulae B, 6. magn. | | | - | I0 52 so|Finis Occultationis |. Tubo . |tellulze A: 5. magn | 3 ien II 4s 3o|Altitudo Lyre Eadem !21 7 oQuadr. — II MI i Altitudo Denuo : Is T EH [rt Ir 47 ygoP ver 3 Die 2. Maiivefp. hora rr o' o" Luna fupra Stellulam in radice eaudz Cancri tranfibat, que modo verfaturin 27 $3 37° Cancr. &inla- - tt. 2 18" 42" Auftr.; fic utin ipfa Conjun&ionenon nifiad 12 à Lune cornu infer. abeffet. i ( " | tom Hora IZ. 0' Q' éadem die, etiam alia Fixa, fed minutiffima teca eft, quz in Catalogo alias non habetur. . Quantum conjicere dabatur, herebat In 28 30' Cancer. & inlLatit r. $4. AUTE, vm NS i S CREE .4. Die3 Maii hora 9 © 12" Mars Conjunétioném celebrabat cum penul-' _ tima (tella ale Auftrine virginis, qua modo degit, ifr 13.49 .I4 libr. a — latit. 1 48' 33^ Bor. fic ut in ipfa Conjun&ione, vix ultra 4o Mars infra di&am ftellam incederet. | (OHIO Ad Ul 1838 ps | j- Dic 4 Maii vefperi Coclo perquam fudo luna decrefcens plufquam bi- feta Regulum occultavit, quam egregiam Occultationem animitus exoptaflem ut more meo obfervare potuiflem ; fed ob rationes maxime pregnantes atque indifpofitionem corporis id pro voto fieri-haud potuit, Nihilominus ta- M atum : E | "EV «rcd um dani bd Xn = ewan oO te fe ee ee 746 ram ciae e rfiv rap JC. ee CENT Eee se ee ee ee ee eee eee - eonium per lacum Strymouicumad Inf. Rhodus, per M. Sinai & M. Techifandam incidit. | : 6 Die 31 Maii vefp hora x1 45’ o" Regulus rurfus à Luna tegi po- tuiffet, ut mihitum videbatur; fed citius occiderunt, quam id fieri potuit. Diftantia namque Lune à Regulo erat fere adhuc tanta, quanta alias eft ftella - illain Coxa á Tergo Urfe Majoris, fere 4 3o'. OXFORD, Printed at the THE AT ER, andareto be fold by Mofes Pit at the Angel, and Richard Chifwell at the Rofe and Crowne in St. Pauls - Church-yard. Hen. Rogers,at the Sign of the Bible in Weft- minfter Hall,and Sam. Smith at the Princes Arms in St. Pauls Church-yard. 1683. " Phitofoph Tranfe act. Nimbus | 152 i iis [i UEM c Num.t52. ICAL NSACTIONS mua. —. O&oler 20. 1683. The CONTENTS 1. Hiflorical Obfervations relating to Conftantinople by the Reve- rend and learned Thomas Smith D. D. Fellow of Magdalen Colledge Oxon: and of the Royal Society. 2. An abftract of a Letter from Mr. Anthony Leeuwenhoeck ef Delft, about Generation by an Animalcule of the male Seed. Animals in the Seedof a¥rog. Some other obfervables in the parts ofa Frog. Ligeftzon & the motion of the blood in a Feavor. 3. Relazione del Ritrivamento dell’ vova delle Chocciole di A. F.M. in una littera al Sign, Marcello Malpighi zz Bologna EGER FL, : | ;* | Hiftorical Obfervations relating to Conftantinople. | By the Reves rend and Learned Tho. Smith D. D. Fellow of Magd. Coll. .. Oxon, and of the Royal Society. a ea | | K VOn[lantinople, formerly Byzantium, was * by Gonffantine the AX ugreat called fo after his own name, who being mightily pleafed with the beautiful and advantagious fituation of the place between two Seas, and defended by narrow ftreights on both fides, removed the Seat of the Empire hither, and laid the foundation of its future fplendor and greatnefs. It was alfo by a * fpecial Edict or law of the fame Emperour, which he caufed to be.engravenon a marble pillar, placed near his own ftatue on horfe-back, in one of the Piazza's of his new . built City called Szrategzum , where the Souldiers ufed to Mu- ; i] \ 5 / "a à 3 * $ a Kart vun emvoygy nei wav, So the Emperour Conftantine in a Letter to Eufebius. de vita Conftantini lib. IV. cad. 36. & apud: T heodoritum Hiftor. Ecclef. lib. 1. cap. 16: v» etiam Socrat. Scholaft. Hift. Ecclef. lib. 1. cap. 16. EA V. Socratem ibidem. Et Iheophanem in Chronographia XXV. anno Conítantini. y | fter ei iv ( 336) | fter, as in the (ampus Martius, called fecond or new Rome, in emulation of old Rome, which he defigned and endeavored this fhould equal in all things... Accordingly be endowed it with the fame priviledges and immunities, and eftablifhed the fame number of Magiftrates, and orders of people, and divided the whole extent of it into fourteen Precinéts or * Region; accord- ing to the divifion of Rome. And the Greek writers were as. elegant and extravagant in their commendations of it ; but the ufual title in their ordinary difcourfes and writings, when they had occafion to mention it without any flourifh, was * £«- ensis OF i ferols, thatis, the Imperial City, to the fame fenfe with that of ¢ Sidonius Apollinaris, | Salve [ceptrorum columen, Regina orzentus, Orbis Roma tut. The country about it was afterwards called Romania in a li-- mited and reftrained fenfe, ( for that Remania was anciently the fame with orbis Romanus, feems clear from * Epipbanzus ) and the people PezZ«. But I fuppofe-this was not done till about. the middle times of the Empire, when it began to decline. The Greeks ftill retain this name. Forif you ask any of the Greeks born upon the continent of Thrace , what country man he is, he anfwers forthwith, Pese Romios , for fo they pro- nounceit. ‘The Turks -in like manner call a Greek Chriftian Urum Gaour, or the Roman infidel, as they will call fomtimes the Emperour of Germany, Urumler Padifba or Emperour of the Romans. Hence it was, that the latter Grecian Emperours: ftyled themfelves Busines Peu»: Kings of the Romans, that” is, . fuch as were born in Romana, and the other countries, which. made up the Eaftern divifion of the Empire Tho perchance by this flourifhing titlethey pretended aright to the Govern- — .€ The ita‘ian word Rieme is_a, manifeft corruption-of tre) Lain werd. "d'InPanegyrico, quem Rome dixit Anthemio Augu o,b;sConfuli. i^y 42d eHerefi LX:X. que eft Arianorum. Se&. Z. where he faysa fa idifmal fire was kindled” by 4drius.i mip & vw quy b ygreianQe mtiocev-my Papguiayoxeddy y Ug AIS ts Cpu TON qo T ween, Which feized almoft upon all Romania, or Univerfum Romanorum imperium, as Fetavins renders it, but; efpecially the Eaftern partsofit, ———^- | S rn | Si GED. 1. dif «lol | inent | CERA. "ment of the Weft: upon which vain prefumtion they. affumed alfo the title of Korvoxr- or Emperours of the World, as ifthey - had been the true Succeffors of /4uguftus, and the Weftern Em- perors, Ufurpers, whom they called by way of contempt and in- dignation, P»»s,Reges, as‘ Luztprandus informs us in the accompt of his Ambafly to Necephorus Phocas, and afforded the people of “Italy no other title than that of & Longobards or Lombards. “The prefent Greeks call all the Weftern Chriftians Aw or eh Latins or Franks, the Turks only making ufe of the latter, when they fpeak civilly of us, and calling Crzffendeme Phren- kiffan, in the prefent Greek gale. The Turks now as proudly | call Conftantinople Alem pena, ot the refuge of the World : where indeed feems to be a medly of all or moft nations of three parts. ofit, and of all 4eligions, which are allowed to be publickly ."profeft and exercifed every where throughout the Empire, ex- cept the Perfian. For they loo* upon it as.a corruption of, aud deviation from the rules and doctrine of Mabomet., their great falfe prophet, and therefore abfolutely forbid it, as. re- pugnatit to, and deftra&tive of the doctrine of life and falvati-. on,asthey fpeak. Andaccordingly they condemn with all ima- ginable fury the Profeffors of it, who pretend to follow 4/2, as Sectaries and Apoftates, and entertain worfe opinions of them, then of Crzflians ox $ews or Infidels. The Perfians are not behind hand with them in their hatred and difretpect, deriding them as groís and ftupid , and looking upon them as little lefs then: barbarous; intereft and zeal for their feveral tenents heightna-. ing their differences fo much , that in time of War they deftroy one anothers Moefchs. Yremember, that there was. a great difcourfe in Conflantinople among the Turks. concerning. an impudent hot-headed. Perfran, who publickly. in the new. Mofch built by the Mother of the prefent. Emperour, afferted: that 4/2 was equal to Mahomet. But it feems he very luckily: made his eícape out of their hands, at which the Prieftsand the more zealous Turks were very muchícandalized. — The Greeks have twenty fix Churches. within the walls of the: T [ - eaters gne" VUEFTCUITEY TU Xy City : (338) City, befides fix in Galata of which I have given an accompt elle where. They have alfo two Churches at $zztarz, one at Kadikut or Chalcedon. So at Staurofis, Chingzlkuz, and feveral other Villages upon the Afian fhore of the Bofphorus, as at Be/hiéta/h , Ortakui, Chorouch chef me, which Church is dedicated to St. Mz- chael the Archangel, fenzkuz or ANeochorion, Therapia, Bujukdere, . and other Villages on the European fide. ‘They havealfo a Church at Haskuz , where is their Burying place, and another near the Bagno, dedicated to St. Parafceve. And at Tatoula abouta mile from Pera, upon a Hill, which from the name of the Church is thence called by the Greeks and Franks, St. Demetrius hisHill. Next to the holy Virgin, St. Demetrius and - St. George have moft Churches dedicated to them. "phe Armenians have not, if I rememberaright, above fea- . ven Churches; they being few in number in comparifon of the Greeks. i dd ; | "PNE few: may have in the City and places adjacent between twenty and thirty Synagogues, this being the greateft fhelter of that accurfed and contemptible people in the Grand Signors do- minions, next to Cazre and Salonzkz: and I believe there may be . abouttwenty orthirty thoufand families ofthem. ‘They are of great ufe & fervice to the Turks, upon accompt of their brocage and marchandife, and induftry in feveral mechanical trades. All thefe I look upon as Natives, or Slaves rather, each paying mony for his head every year. The ews indeed very wifely collect this tax among themfelves and according to an agree- ment made with the Tefterdar or Treafurer, pay a certain - fum ingtofs for their whole nation refiding there: by which . piece of cunning they are great gainers, and{pare the poor | among them lefs able to pay, by a contribution of the rich to make upthe fum. ‘The Engli/b and Dutch Ambafladors have — their Chappels in their Palaces common to their refpective - Nations. Ritus o 7 The Churches and Chappels of the Weftern Chrijtzans of the Roman Communion in Galata, are | MS St. Peters, belonging to the Domznicanr, where is the fa- mous piece of Madonna di Conftantinopolt asthe. Italians callit, . | | or 2 | (339) or of the bleffed Virgin, holding the holy child Jefu in her armes: which they pretend to be drawn by the hand of St. Luke, celebrated by fome of the latter Ecclefiaftical writers to have been a famous Painter. Outof refpettto this idle tradition the credulous and fuperítitious Latzzes and Greeks of the Ro- man Communion fhew great veneration to it, which otherwife hath little in it of proportion , art, or beauty to derive any re- 'patation upon the defigner, or upon his work. | St. Francis, belonging to the Conventualz, Fryars ofthe order of St. Francés: the ground of this by the wife conduct and inter- ceffion of Cavaliere Molino, the Venetian Baz/o, after the furren- dry of Candia upon the peace made by the Republick with the Grand Signor, was procured to be reftored, and a handfome Church rebuilt with the large contributions of mony fent out of Chriftendome. oe t n | - St. Benedict, belonging to the Sefuzts, where is a rich Altar cutjoufly adorn'd with feveral figures in Mo/27c&. This Con- vent was purchafed for them by their great Benetactor, Henry the fourth of france. ie St. Mary, belonging to the Obfervantznes or Zoccolant: , a branch of the order of St. Franca, ío called from their going in. Ztoccoli or wooden clogs. | The Capucines have a little Chappel dedicated to St. George; hard by the Freuch Ambaffadors Palace. | : St. Ann, à Chappel frequented by the Perors. ( St. Paul and St. Anthony, were both taken away fome years fince from the Chrifizans, and turned into Mo/chs. ‘The former of which is now known by the nameof Zrab Giamefr, or the Mofch of the 4rabzans. Our Interpreters mentioned alfo to. me the Church of St. fon, which the Turks have feized upon: for their ufe, St. George, whichthe Fews are poffeft of , and St. Sebaffzan, which was ufed to be vifited cheifly on Holy days. — The North wind blows for the moft part at Confiantznople.. which muft be afcribed toits nearnefs to the Evxzne fea, which bears that point from it.So that for want ofa Southwardly wind Ihips have been forced to lye a month or two fomtimes near the mouth of the Helle/pont.. ‘This was taken notice of long fince: M4 by (340 ) Ed by Evnapius in the life of Adefus ; who afcribes the feldome blowing of the South wind to the fituation of the mountains, whereas it is checked and overpowered by the exuberance of the vapours continually fent forth from the black and great Sea, as the Greeds call itincomparifon of the Medsterranean. Vide ad finem Codini de origen. Conftantinopol. Edit. Pari. pag. 8o. The Helle/pont isabout forty miles in length, and at the Ca- ftles of Se/fos and Abydos the ftreight may be about three quar- ters of an Englifh mile over, or leís. ! . he length of the Proponts is about a hundred and fifty miles, both fhores may be feen in the middle ofit. In it are, Cyxicus, an land near the Afan fhore, to which it isjoined by two bridges. It ftill retainsitsancient name Kv£&c, and is the feat ofa Bifhop, being-inhabited by a confiderable number of Greeks. Proconnefus, not far from the former; now, as for fome cen- turies paft, called Marmora , from the excellent quarries of Marble there found, the marmor Cyzenicum alfo being famousin . the time of ‘Pliny. Besbycus, now called by the Greek «tiu. or the good haven, not far from the entrance into the bay of Montanea to the North and by Eaft. The Turks callit Imramle. There are feveral Iflands over againft thebay of Nicomedia., formerly called Sinus Aftacenus , according to Strabo, about fix or feven leagues from Conftantinople 8. Sad L^ Prote, fo called becaufe they approach firft to it, coming from Conftantinople, to the South of this Prencepe and Pyts, which I | take to be the fame with Pyrgos, that lyesinmoft toward the bay: C, dlcatz,in modern Greek, Chalce ox Chale. Oxia and Platy — to the North-weft. Ihaveexpreffed the Tzr£/b names of the ~ leffer and uninhabited Iflands elfe where, which perchance were. phantaftically impofed by fome Franks. — | PET The Seraglio is at the extreme point ofthe North-eaft Angle , of Conftantinople , where formerly ftood old Byzantium, within which towards the Haven is a ftately Kzos4 or fummer houte,. from whence the Grand Signor ufually takes Barge, when he pat- £ v. Gillium de Bofp. Thracio lib. 111. cap. 12. &c. | fes. (341) fes into. 44/2, or diverts himfelf upon the Bo/porus, at which time the Boflang? ba]bi, who hath the principal care of the Emperors palace, and hath the command of the Bo/porus, fits at the helm and fteeres. | | n The feven Towers are at the South-eaft extremity. | The only Suburbs are to the North-weft, along the Haven fide; for above the hill, where the three walls begin, lies an. o- pen champaigne country, except that here and there at confi- .derable diftances farme houfes are fcatter d. The Haven runsin from the Weft, and fo opens Ealt. | Atthe Eaftend of Galata is Tophana where they caít their great Guns. | Pera and Galata have about fix gates to the Seaward.. The whole tract of ground was anciently, before the times of the Emperor Valentinzan, who encloled and. forti- fied Galata with walls and towers, ftyled tiyaiz or Regio Perea being may tis zoe, on the other fide of the City tothe North, which is the reafon of its name, feated on higher hills, and : whofe afcentis more fteep and difficult. ex Cur modern Geographers, fach. as Mercator and Ortelius, who herein follow Ptolemy, place Conftantinople in the Latitude of 43. degrees and 5. minutes: the drabéan and Perfian Ajtrono- mers , as Abulfeda, Naffir Eddin, Viugh Bezgh, and ío the abxeipor wirs OF Chryfococcas tranflated out of the Perfian tables, place it. more Northerly in 45. Butby latter and better obfervation it is found, that they have erred in affigning the Latitude of this City, asof feveral other places. To falvethefe differences, there is no juft ground of pretenfe to fay, that. the. Poles are moveable and have changed their fituation fince their time, whereas it may better be imputed to their want of due care; or to their taking things upon truft, fromthe reports of Tra- vellersand Seamen , not having been upon the places them- felves: which certainly isto befaid for Ptolemy whofe obíer- vations, as to places more remote from Alexandria, are far from being accurateand true. The learned Mr. fohba Greaves, as I find in a manufcript difcourfe, very worthy of being. printed, which he prefented to the moft Reverend and re- "M. 4 | nowned | ( 342) e nowned Arch-bifbop wfber, took the height of the Pole ar Con- ftantinople witha brafs fextant of above 4. feet radius, and found it to be but 41. degrees. 6’. but by the obfervation we made in our Court-yard at Pera with a very good Quadrant we found it but 40. degrees and 58. minutes of North Latitude. There is no place between the Propontzs and the walls ofthe City, except juft at the Seraglio-point, which may be two hun- dred pacesinlength; where they have raifed on a platform a battery for great guns: but from the point to the end of the Ha- ven Weft, the fpace to the gates isunequal in fome places about . twenty paces broad, in others three or four times as many more. "Ihe diftance between Confiantenople and, Chalcedon upon the oppofite Bethynzan fhore may be about three or four miles. _ In the walls are engraven the namesof feveral Emperours, who raigned toward the declenfion of the Greczan Empire, as Theophilus, Michael, Baflius , Conftantinus Porphyrogenztus , by whofe care, and at. whofe expeníe the feveral breaches caufed inthem. by the Sea or by earth-quakes were repaired. ! Kumkapi orthe fand gate lies toward the Propontz : this the Greeks call-in their vulgar language Kou» , Contofcalium , or the little fcale or landing place. Here formerly was an Arfenal for Gallies and other fmall veffels; it being a convenient paf- fage over Sea. Ovérthis Gate was anciently engravena curious | infcriptio ftill preferved in that excellent collection publifhed _ byckGrusrnu1:1190 DNS 39D 8i YG 1E | Ao. de hic |. gedicula Kapi, or the Gate of the feven towers, fo called from its neernefs to that Acropolis , is that, I guefs, which the Greeks . formerly called’ 2c or the Golden Gate, and by fome late | Latiné writers Chryfea , in Luztprandus , Carea, by a miftake ei-- ther ofthe tranfériberor printer, for Aurea, for fo certainly it muítbe mended. Over this Gate was this infcription , E -15] fT tor loca. Theudofus decorat. poft fata Tyranni, Po BY tei 5 urea fecla gerit, que portam:-confir azbauero.) 2” . | " » cited by Sirmond in his notesupon | ! Sidonius, ‘This Gate is in, | E . (348) ^... the twelfth Region, and wasalfo called ai from its beautifut and curious ftru&ure. | ie f | | 1 ~The Gun gate formerly called: Roman gate, not becaufe-it leads towards the continent of Romania or Th ace, bat from k St. Remanus, where the laft Chiiltian Emperor was killed at the affault, which the Twrfs made to force their way into the Ciuwbyit. -- ! ru ! Near irianople gateis a fairlarge Mofch called 4l:-ba ffa, upon a hill accounted the higheftin the City. ihe diftance between tower and tower in the upper wall to the landward may be about ninety of my paces; the Apace between that and the fecond wall about eighteen paces over. "uber aot | : | ~ The place; where the Lyons, Leopards, and fuch like wild “creatures are kept; (where I faw alío feveral Jac&als ) was formerly, as the Greeks told me, a Chriftian Church dedica- - ted to leave or the Bleffed Virgin, where this verfe is ftill le- Bible. ovo qm M HT Mee ' Kei xauuSOQy tevdosus Seppry ey pores, There is no tide or running back of the water on any fide of "the Bofporus intothe black Sea, as 'fome have imagined, whofe miftake might poffibly arife hence, that the wind being at North,and blowing hard, the current fets more violently at fuch times againft the feveral headlands jetting out into the channel, which admits of feveral turnings, andío the waters are forced back to fomelittle diftance: or elfe becaufe when the South-wind frefhens and grows boifterous, it makes a high rolling Sea in the Propontzs and Bofporus , and being contrary to the current, givesa check to it, fo that it becomes lefs fen- fible , and is eafily ftemmed. Where it is narroweit, the dt- ftance feems to the eye to be fcarce a mileover from one ihore to another ; where broadefít, not much above a mile and a halfe, unlefs where it rans into the deep bayes, which by rea- fon of their fhallownefs only harbour boats. k Vid. Hiftoriam Politicam Conftantinopoleosapud Crufium in Turco-Grocta- pag. 9. ! This was an old error; for thus writes Dionyfius Byzantinus in his lirtle Bock ofthe ‘ "e " xd ’ eS i aN \ 3 9 » ee 1n ofporus. TS bUgg D we. Qa mde xpmán(Qe tot OY ore ges Eminggretay ayatspideis Ov. AC The ae) D MERI (344) The channel certainly is natural and not cut by art, as fome have idly fanfied, not confidering, how the Euxine Sea fhould difcharge it felf otherwife of thofe great quantities of waters, poured intoit by the Jer and Tanazs, now called Don, and the other rivers, whereby it becomes lefs fale; even very | fenfibly. to the taft, than feveral parts of the Mediterranean. The fifh by a (trange kind of inftin& pafs in vaft fhoales twice - 3 year, Autumn and fpring, through the Bo/porus, thatis, out - of one Sea into another; of which the Greeks, who live feveral months of the year upon them, take great numbers, and fupply the markets at eafy rates; the Cormorants and other ravenous water-fowle, which the Turks will not fuffer to be deftroy d or otherwife molefted, preying alfo upon them. "n The weather in fome months is very inconftant, great heats. and colds hapning the fame day upon the change of the wind. — - The winters at Conftantinople ate fomtimes extraordinary fe- vere. I have heard it related by feveral old Greeks, as a thing moft certain, that the Bo/porus was frozen over in the time of Achmed, and that a Hare was courfed over it. It hapned thus, that upon a thaw huge cakes of Ice came floating down the . Danube into the black Sea, and were driven by the current in- to the Bo/porus, where upon the return of the froft, they were fixed fo hard that it became paffable. In the year 1669 there Was ice in the Haven to the great amazement of the Turks; and. |- tome were fo frighted at this unufual accident, that they look't | upon it as a difmal prodigy, & concluded, that the world would | be atan endthat year. The Aguglia or Obelisk inthe Hzppo- | drome is betwixt fifty and fixty foot high. | E The Hiftorical pillar in baffo rzlzevo, raifed in honour of the |- Emperors Arcadius and Honorius, may be in height about an hundred feven and forty feet. H Alexius Gomnenus lies buryed in the Patriarchal Church a- gainft the wall, and his daughter Anna Comnena, the Hiftorian, | who lived about the year of Chrift 1117. They -preted tofliew | there the reliques of St. Anaflafa, who fuffered Martyrdome| 1 under the Emperor Valerianus, and of St. Euphemia, Virgin and |. Martyr, who loft her life moft glorioufly for Chrifts holy religion | at Chalcedon under Déocletian. TUN In |. d E ( 345) in Sanéta Sophia there are pillars fo great, that à man can "fcarce fathom them attwice. Atthe end of the Gallery, that joynsthe other two, each about thirty of my paces wide, there 38a piece of tranfparent Marble, two or three inchesthick. in ‘the North gallery upon the pavement is a reddifh fort of a mar- ble ftone, brought, as the Turks and Chriftzans relate, from Pale- jitae, on which they fable, that the Blefled Virgin ufed to wath the linnen of our Saviour. | I obferved but one ftep from the body of the Church to the Bemaor place where the Altar formerly ftood. ‘The great Mofchb at Chaffm-bafía on Pera fide to the welt was formerly a Church dedicated to St. Theodofia. t | ) "Giaughbzr, a Mofch fo called upon a hill at Fondaclee neer Top- ana, de | | —. In Cenflantinople there are feveral narrow ftreets of trade , clofed up with fheds and pent-houfes, which Ifuppoíe were in ufe before the Greeds loft their Empire, and are the fame with the cxezusoi xvi grantor dpoun in Chryfaloras his ™ Epiftle. But be- - fides thefe places, feveral trades have their diftant quarters. The ftreets are raifed for the moft part on each fide for the greater - convenience. : pe Not far from Suleimania is the houfe of the zz or Gene- ral of the fanizaries, which fo often changes its mafters. _ Pompeys pillar, as the Franks erroneoufly call it, is of the Co- vinthian order, curioully wrought, about eighteen foot in height and threein diameter. DE | Befotktafb, a village within three or four miles of Conffantino- _ ple towards the Bo/porus, where lies buryed the famous pyrate Ariadin,whom the Chriftian writers call Barbaroffa, who built here a handfome Mofch, having two rows of pillars at the en- trance. The Captain Baffz ufually, before he puts to fea with his Armata of Gallies, vifits the Tomb of this fortunate robber, who had made feveral thoufand Chrifzans flaves, and makes his prayers at the neighbouring Church for the good fuccefs of his expedition. m Pag. 119. NO Ra CIC. VEG de: cM iaa: Lo AUS e e iom Di 2a They qu EE (346) > 5s -.'Fhey reckon in the City above a hundred Hine: baths, e- very ftreet almoft. affording one. They are efteemed works of teat Piety and Charity, there being a continual ufeof them, riot only upon the accompt of religion, but of health and clean- linefs. - For their dyet being for the moft part hot fpiced meats in the winter, and crade fruits in the fummer, their liquor foun- tain water, or Coffee,to which we may add their lazy kind of life ( for walking is never ufed by them for digeftion, or otherwife in the way of diverfion ) frequent bathing becomesneceffary. There are feveral receptacles of water'under ground, and one particularly under the Church of Sancta Sophia, as Y was inforined ; but I did not think it worth my curiofity to defcend into it. ‘Thefe were of great ufe to the poor Greeks in the laft fatal fiege; but the Turks are fo fecure, that they do not think, that they deferve either coft or pains to keep the waters fweet, or the cifterns in repaire, —— SES The dqueducts , which anfwer tothofe glorious Agueduds’, near Pyrgos, and convey the water to the great ciftern neer Sultan Se/¢ms Mofch, are in that part of Conftanzinople , which lies between the Mofch of Mahomet the Great and Sha zade. The Turks began to befiege Conffantinople on the fifth of Zpr;l, and took it the twenty ninth of May on Whit/un Tuefday morn- ing 1493. or as the Turks reckon in the year 857. of the Hegira, or flight of Mahomet, the 22. day of the firft Jomad. "Ehe Chappel, where Ejub Sultan is interred, at whofe head and feet I obferved great wax candles, isenclofed with latten wire grates, for the better accommodation of fuch religious: Turks, as.come to pay their refpect to the memory of this great Muf2lmanSaint.In the middle ofthe Area there is raifed a build- ing fuftained by excellent marble pillars, afcended by two fe- veral pair of ftairs, where the new Emperor is inaüigurated, and. where heufually goes in Bzram time. a0 hi: [ 347 ] - An Abffracl of a Letter from Mr. Anthony Leeuwen- — hoeck of Delft about Generation by an Animalcule of the Male feed. ‘Animals in the feed of a Frog. Some other Obfervables in the parts of aFrog. Di- geftion, and the motion of the blood ina Fea- vor. | e | ' "W Aving been follicitous to examine. the generati- r="! on of Frogs, upon the account of their young : =~ ones being like a Worm,with around thick body | .— anda fhort tayle: I wasfurprized to find that the Male was. - not joyned to the Fema/ein Copulation, but that heon- ly fateupon her; and had no Membrum Mafculum: that .atthefame time when the Famale caft her Eges or Spawn, the Male alfo dropt his Seed; which isto beipread under the £ggs : in like manner as the Seed of fz/bes that want the Membrum Mafculum is caft under the Eggs of the Fe- male, that the Animalia in femine may conveniently im- - pregnate theeggs. For J hold it neceflary that fomé one of the Animals zn /emene fhould get into a certain * port of the yoak of the egg (which point is only fit to receive "^. it, and give it the firft Nourifhment, till fuch time as the _ £eg comesto be faton) Butif noone 4nzmal fhould find this pezat, then the Egg is unfruitful: and this may bea reaíon why there are fo many thoufand more Animals zn | femine Mafculo, then Eggs in the female. ; In feveral of my Obfervations I had not found the #4 aimalr taken out of the Tefficles and Vafa Deferentia of Froggsto bealive. Buton the firft of 4r?! when Froggs were ready to fpawn, I took fome of the Males fitting up- on the females, and fqueezed their hinder parts that L ntight get the feed out of the Va/a deferentia but the Ait- — TRS MCA SES - * Bytitis j O;nt or fpeck be means the Cicatricula. i malcules A [348] maltules Y then found, moved but little, becaufe the. mat- -ter they were in was full offalt particles, which made me . judg it to be'Urzne. dk Ithencut open the Te/Zzcler and there I found an innu- merable company of Animalcules{wiming among a fort ofill fhapen particles, thefe continued alive till the next ;w* day, thothere were but a {mall quantity of liquor to con- tain them. - 3 I judge the Bodies of the Animalcules to have been of the - thicknefs of ,4; part ofa hair of my head: If the matter - they moved in had not been fo thick I fhould have feen them much plainer, neverthelefs they are reprefented to the beft of my skill in Fzg.frff where ABC is an Ammal- cule asit lay inthe Watry matter, and moved it felf there- in, fometimes the head appeared to be thicker then other times, and often I could fee the Body but from Ato B by | reafon of the thinnefs of the Tail BC. when the Animal moved it felf ftrongly, tho the progrefs were but little, the motion towards the head was like that of aSnake, - and the tayle was caft into 30r4 Bows. fig. DisanA- - nimalcule lying dead, and ftretcht out at length, but in this pofture I faw but few, for many that were dead lay with the fore part of their body bent in,as in Fzg. E others made as,it were a half circle others had the forepart of their Body bent-and moved their hinder parts: thefe laf I took to be ready to dye. = A The number of Zjimalcules in all the feed was fo great that I judge there might be roooo ofthem to one of the : Females Eggs, the fame computation I formerly made of the Mz/* of a Codfi/b, but it muft not be thought that all ^ the Animals in the Milt of the Codf//b live together, but only fuch of them as are neareft the paffage they are to be caft out of, and who have more moyfture about them ;the © reft of them being more remote in the body, and being | incompaffed with a thicker matter, are not alive; for tho fome f//bes, as the Breame, and Trout, cafttheir Milt and Spawn in two days time, yet Codf/bes are abouta Moneth in [349 ] . indoing it; inall which time thefeed is fucceffively ri-. . penedand perfected. So alío are Froggs by what I have experienced, for the firft Animals I fought were dead, and: » though I afterwards found live ones, yet thofe were dead that lay deepeft in the Teftzcle. Tis well known that when a Cock hath trod a Hen but once, many Eggs are made fruitful, the reafon that I give for it is, that many of the Egg; in the Ovary, haveeach of them received an Animalcule out of the Male feed. ‘This Animalteule while the Egg is fate upon dces not prefently take the figure of a Chick, but grows into a diforderly Bulk, wherein the heart is firft plainly to be difcerned. Other Fwtus s have a different way of growth, the Lozfehas all its parts, and is a Breeder while 1t is yetin the Egg; the Flea fhows like globules fwimming in a watry fubftance, it afterwards becomes a Worm, then a Nympha. ‘The Frog isa thick Worm till itbeof a confiderable bignefs. "Ihe Humane Fetus tho no bigger then a Green Pea, yet is fur- nifhed with all its parts. I have often endeavoured to difcover the Animal coming out ofthe Male feed, inthe: egg of the Hen; but have been unfuccefsful tho fome of the Globules of the Egy were magnified ro the bignefs of common Apples. This difappcintment has put me upon. the Eggs of Infecis asthe Flea, and Loufe, which being ve-- ry {mali, may be fo much the fitter for this difcovery. | .. A certain Phyfcian writing of Generation fets down. thefe words in the Margent from the female feed tbe fruit muft grow however the thing came to pafv. This he inlarges upon in the 7exz, but I chink under correction that by one - inftance I fhall bring a fufficient proof of the fruits com- —ingfrom the Male feed, and the females only contributing to the nourifhment and growth of it. Many of our Neighbours either for their pleafure or profit, keep tame Rabbits, which are large long eard, ordinarily of a white - colour, but fometimes of a Blew, Black, and Pyed ; thote that would make a proffit of thefe Radbets by caufing them to bring gray young ones, whichinthe fore part isl the. C350] | | the'year may be'fold for a wild kind; geta grey Male, fuch as are ordinarily found on our /zud hills, to pnt to their female: The Breed that comes from hence always takes the gray colonr. of the Male, and it has never beea: ícen that any of the young has had any whzte, orother coloured hair then gray , there withal they are never fo —. biggusthe Dam, nor have fo great ears, nor are fo tame; bur ofa wilder kind. > i1 3o 3s | * The fir Frog which I anatomized lay on the ground in my way, and feemed fo wea: through cold that thoI kicked it with my foot, it would not leap away, this prov- ed a Female, in the guttsofit I found worms like thofe in . Children of about the thicknefs of a hair of my head. ‘The blood confifted of flat oval particles, fwiming in a clear liquor: thefe had: no colour as they lay fingly, but when 2 of them lay upon one another, as here 777.24. their co- lour wasítronger. Ais. an Ovale of blood partly covered with B a 2d. Ovale of blood, C isa 3d. Ovale of blood co- vering a part of ACB as at D. and cafting a deeper colour, — by reafon that 3 Plates lyeupon one another: But there was another {mall Oval hard. by reprefented by E which fhowed of a higher red then the three Plates together. Many ofthefe Qvale particles were very pleafant to look upon, efpecially when the moyfture wherein they fwam _ (having alfo Glodules on the furface asbig as 1 of a blood Globule) was evaporated ; for fome had in the middle a faint Ovale lhade, others appeared as if they were made of. feveral Ovales of unequal-bignefs, others feemed to be fet — ; round with {mall globules, others had no globules in the Circumference, but feveral inthe middle: thefeGlobules —— I believe were at fir fwimming in the Watry liquor un- — a the Ovales, tho now they cleave to them by Acces ' dent. | bise "eid | ' Upon the Plate whereon I layd the Frog that I anato- mized I found feveral Animals moving in a watry blood; - they were about half as long and halfas broad asthe Oval Particles,.and about s0 of them might lye inthe e j ad: | o [351] of a fand, thefe I had never feen in the pure blood, nor could I perceive them inthe water that cameout upon ripping the skin from the flefh, or upon opening the bel- ly,oríqueezing the head of the Frog to make it lye quiet upon the Plate. Atlength in the moneth of Fume I met with fome froggs whofe excrement was full ofan innume- rable company of living Creatures, of different forts and |» fizes, the greateft fort were fhaped like Fig. F and of thefe I judged that 4o. might be in the fpace ofa fand. The 24. fort had the fhape of Eg. G. theie were but few in number. The 324 fort was like our River Eeles as Fig. _H. and thefe were more in number then the firft; But _ the whole excrement befides was fo full of living things, that it feemed all to move, & I gueft there was not lefs then rooo of the third fort in the {pace ofa fand. From . hence I concluded that the Animals found among the blood might come from my cutting a Gut. : By the way I obferved fomethingof the dammage that frogs may do to fi/b-ponds, for T took out of fome of their Stomacks 8. xo or more young fi/bes. border Itook notice ofa {mall vein, of about the thicknefs ofa hair of my head, that when the blood was out of it, | the Coat was like afrogs outward skin. Thefame Coat of the vein wasmade of threds or f-. laments runing by thefide of one another, juft as if they had been wound clofe about a fmall round ftich, fo as to: coveritallover. Now ifthere be (apillarys in the body à 1000 times lefs then this which I examined, how thin. muft the threds neceffarily beof which the Coat is made ? ‘and how eafily mutt thefe threds be feparated and devided " from one another, fo as tolet the blood when it is very _ forcibly moved in the Arterys, ftart out between them ; and I was the more confirmed in this Opinion, upon . fpreading hard the Coat of the vein, for I then faw through it as through a hair five, hence may a probable: - account be given of St. mutes fire, red /wellings, ee : a.a. the. the mufcles are at reft, but allo why we can walk a longer - ume [ 352] e the Small pocks, and ene the blood may be more - gently ftrained through thefe paffages for the nourifhing — offomepartsofthebody. . = > .— I examined one of the Mu/tles of the hinderlegofa | frog, which confifted of flaments, and thofe again ofa great number of leffer filaments, but becaufe they had . more ringsin themthen I had formerly feen in the muf- cular threds of an Oxe, Fly, Gnat, Flea ot Loufe,I have — here reprefented part of one in F¢g.I. fuch numerousrings — I have fince met with in ihe flaments of the Alu/cle of a Lamb, taken from the rim of the Belly, near the hinder leg. From the indentings of: thefe f//aments Y cannot on- ly fatisfy my felf how the /Zmós come-to ftand bent, when time then ftand ftill; and why our Zrms when we walk - —. .do not hang down at their full length, ftretcht out by our | fides; but more backwards and forwards ; for if the Arms . fhould ftill hang ftrait down, then would one Mu/cle be ftretcht too much, and another bent or drawn up too clofe; both thefe things difagreeing with the Natural . cenftitntion of the Mu/cle, and for this reafon it is, that | when we ftand a long time, we do not reft equally upon - . bothlegs, but firft raife up one foot, then the other, touch- | ing the ground only with the fore part of the foot, while | the Mu/cles of that leg reft themfelves. UNT a I have beeu puzzled why fome of the wrincles inthe — filaments of Flefh and Filh mu/cles, were ferpentine,as Y - teprefented in my. letter of the. 37. of ‘March (fig. xff. | EEGHandI KLM.) but Iconfider that the. flaments . | lofe their roundnefs by being prefthard upon oneano- | ther. Itisalío probable that they may be bentafterthat . manner.by the evaporating of their. moyfture, which |. makes up 3 parts of, their.bulk :.asZzz. K.&6»2. isa Fi- | dament ^hich had: been round, butis now alterdiby.the | evaporating of its moyfture; and. bended in as at « where- | : [353] | bythe rings that were formerly ftreight, appear ferpen- tine, as between 6 and ». Eon b | - Inaletter of mine to Mr. Oldenburg (which was not publifhed) T affirmed, that Concoétzon was not performed by an cd liquor diffolving our meat, but by the motion of the Stomach, and guts, which bruifes, and breaks the meat to pieces. This motion is caufed by the Dzaphragme prefling upon the parts of the lower belly, as often as we take breath; in the fame manner as a bladder almoft | - full of water, is molded and rolled between the hands. There is alfo a natural warmth to be confidered in the fiemach, and a natural folding or clofing it felf, about the Viéiuals which it holds, be it never folittle; but efpeci- ally there is a kneeding or contracting of themselves, re- marqueable in the Bowels of beafts, even after they are - taken out of the body. L am lately more confirmed in this ' epinzon, by my obfervatzons on the Excrements of a Codfjfo. . which I find to be made up of very fhort pieces of the Fz- - laments of Fz/b, appearing by the Mecro/cope like the fhav- ings of ones Beard, for as in fome Creatures the taking of breath, fo in fifhes the moving of the Gz//s, caufes a com- . preffion and dilatation in the ffomach, whereby the Alz- mentis catcht in its folds, nipt a funder, and divided into "fuch {mall particles as are fit for the nourifhment of their - bodies. Now it the Contradon of the fiomach be fuppot- ed to happen no oftner then a man breaths in an hour, there will be .about 3000 times: which will be quickly enough to waft, and tear in piecesa little fifh {wallowed - down by a great one, although the teeth ofthe Devourer, and the z¢djuzce fhould contribute nothing to dzgefizon. - Sometimes thefe threds are not to be found in the ex- " crements, as perhaps when the Codfi/a has been long catcht, and without food, for then the threds are broken fo fhore, that they are no bigger when they are voyded,then {mali Globules, which I judged tobe $ ofa blood Globule. When the Codf/o has abundance of food, then the pieces of | Aaa 2 threds. | [ 354] | threds are droven the fafter out of the flomach, and through the Bowels, and therefore are the lefs broken and fhortned. ^. m4 . Such like Felaments or pieces of flelh I have obferved in my one Excrements, which I conceive were made by the nipping ofthe folds of the /fomack : for thefe Filaments are not ftrong, when there lye yut few of them together; orwhen we make a Cord or Rope of them, which upon » ftretching bears unequally; though in another cate a mufcle made up offeveral of thefe f/aments, and bearing epually in every part, may be very ftrong. I have often maintaind among our Pybfreanr, that tho the heartand Pulfe beat quicker then ordinary, yet the Circulation of the blood is not performed in leffer time; and the reafons which I gave werethefe. Thebloodin — many Zeavorz/b perfons is very thick, and therefore paffes flowly, and with difficulty, thro the fmaller 4rterys,and requires a very ftrong beating in the heart to force its way. Whentheblood is thick and makes this refiftance, the heart upon contracting it felf, cannot forceit allout, but a great part remains behind in the Ventrecles. This . remaining blood being over heated by the heart, makes that little blood which comes frefh out of the Veins, too hot likewife; andin the mean time the heart not being able to free it felf of all the blood contained in its Cavities, — -cafts out only the thinner part, which is quickly {pent in the nourifhment of the body, whereby the blood ftill be- - comes thicker, and ezreuvlates lefsfaft. Ican not admit that the time of the czrcutte of the blood, fhould be efti- : mated by the number of Pw//es in an hour, and the capa- city of the Cavitys of the heart; for as the Lungs upon ex- | | piratiou are never totally without air, fothe heartina well conftituted body, is never upon the Sz/fo/e abfolutely — . with out blood: limagine alfo that when the heart istoo | full of blood (as I have before urged) its mufcles may be fo far ftrained, and kept beyond their ufual bent, that | 209 Meu .. ^ "they 4 : [355] they would not be relaxed, tho the blood were very thin, and fit for motion; juft as we fee the b/adder by being kept long too full of mater, hasthe Mu/cles fo reacht, that they can not be contracted. Soalfothe Ezferne People who would acquire to themfelves the reputation of Saints, remain with their Lzmds fo long ftretchtout in . one pofture, that they can not draw them back again. An [61 An account of a Book 'entituled Relatione de Ri- trovamento dell VovadiChiocciole,Gc. He Authour is anonymous, but dedicates his trea- tife to Signor Malpighi,he firft takes notice of the opinion of the Scholes which taught two forts of Generation, either by the feed of the Animal or Spon- taneous out of Corruption, and fayes the Modernes reduce thofe two to one, and having obferved the uniformity of nature in moft of her works, have gone yet farther, and venturd to prove that the general univerfal produ- &ive principle of all Species is, Ex ovo, and this he endea- vours to purfuein the workes of the Ancients as well as modern, and out of Scripture as well as Philofophy ; but one paffage is remarkable out of Hzppocrates in his book - de Natura pueri, where relating the cafeof a young Wo- © man, who in dancing Mifcarried of a Foetus of fix days - old. Hippocrates {ayes it was like a raw Egg the fhell being firft taken of; and therefore in the end concludes that the nature of the Oviparous differs not from that of Man. : em : . Butftill there feemed to be much difficulty in the pro- - duction of Infects till Szeger Redz as he fays, did by many unconteftable Experiments prove him to be generated out of Eggs, and by that convicted of Errour the natural - Hiftoryes of Zrzflotle and Elian, fhowing the neceffity of — a new more accurate one which he ownes is with much glory purfued by the Royal Society of London as well as thatof Paris and Florence, and particularly makes very honourable mention of Mr. Lzffer for his Hiftory of Spi- ders and Snails; aud of Mr. Ray, for his being the firft Difcoverer of their being all Hermaphrodites, or Andro- gine,ashetermsit. —— Ms | After — [357] After this he fayes, the thing feemed out of difpute, when out came a book called the Recreation of the Eye and — mindzn obfervations upontSnatls, by Father Philippo Bonan: a fefuite; it being a pretty large Volume containing the natural hiftory of all the Snail kind, where he notonly doubts of their production by Eggs, but alfo endeavours to overthrow molt of Signor Rhedis experiments that tended to eftablifh the Principle of an univocous genera- tion to which he prefers the old principle of corruption for the Infects. | i While he was reading this Book, he fayes it was his for- tune in taking up fome Flowers to obferve by a border, a clufter of little Fegs which had nothing in them but the. white like the white of an Egg, butupon a more dili- gent fearch he found another cluíter as bigg as would fill the palme of his hand out of which came young Snails - fome having but juft broke the fhell, others being half out, and others quite out with the £e//a of the Egg fa- . ftened to the tayle of the Animal. He fayes the Fggs were..no bigger then.Pepper. cornes, and. thofe mot X white, but thofe which were ready to break, tending to- wards yellow ; they were faftened in a lump by a kind of glutinious.water, and this was about the 1072 of july, he illuftrates che thing by a very good cut. This difcovery being very plain and remarkable, he called in to fee it many Learned perfons, and fome " * of good quality, whome he names that the truth of his à that Arzflotle himfelf who had more carefully obferved afleveration may beout of difpute. ~~ vus : This done, he examines the fe/uites reafon againft this univocous generation which are in all foure. — X. zfrifotles authority. |2. A principle of his, that te- ftaceous Animals have not the difference of Sexes. 3. A maxime of the fame Philofopher that no Exanguous Ani- malisoviparous. 4. A collection of fome obfervations to confirm Zfrzflotler reafons. ‘The three firft are an{wer- ed by experiments which confute him; and obferves the [358] ; the murex and óuctén2 ownes that in the fpring they ufe ‘to get togeather and produce a fubftance like a hony comb full of little bodyes as big as white Vetches ; which may be thought to be their Eggs. Astothe 475. of the Fathe rs obfervations, he fayes he will fay nothing, but confine himfelf to his owne which he thinks he has fuf- ficiently demonftrated. ERRATA. | Numb 151. p. 318. liz. ult. read, as from its Center diffiufed round a= bout, it might according to our former calculationin a minutes time have reached the extremity of its Sphereor compafs. m rat E » m ^ — OXFORD, Printed at the THEATER, andare tobe fold by Mofes Pit at the Aagel, and Richard Chifwell at the Rofe and Crowne in St, Pauls Church-yard. Hen. Rogers,at the Sign of the | - Bible in Weftininfter Hall,and Sam. Smith at the Princes Arms in St. Pauls — Charch-yard. 1683. h i t j | | Philofoph. Tranfact. Number 153. Taha. : SSNS oS SSS = S eL t Asc . N NN \ Ws n. 1 Wil Wij fy / Why / At = Jj - r . ul cer ee I iter e imm Ta e PER Vue et EN MEUSE CM wer ze 3 1 : - ' v fv rag. E AES : ss 2 : TE Semen 3 e 2: r,t 53. Tab. A A E ES 8 tg S ) ik He ! hil WM raw M Philofoph. BQH) ^ TRAN SAC LLG N.S. OES T DRE m rt ET TT Ae t A RSE ISLET TESS ur PB AA ESE I ELD FOE RES EDEL, _ November 1,0. 1683, The CONTENTS. "Tajacu, feu Aper Mexicanus Mofchiferus, or the Anatomy of the Mexico Musk-Hog. By the Learned and Ingenious Edward Tyfon M. D. Fellow of the College of Phyficians and of the Royal Society. 4x account of a Book, Re- - cherches Curieufes &c. Curzous Refearches of Antiqui- ty contained in divers differtations concerning Medalls, Bafs-Releifs, Statues, Mofaic-works, and Inícriptions of tbe Ancients: Enrich t with a great number of brafs- — Cuts. By Monfr. SPON Dr. of Phyfic. Printed at Ly- ons 1683.22 quarto. 3 Tajacu feu Aper pee Mofchiferus, or the Ana- -.. — £omy of the Mexico Musk-Hog, dc. | dE Animal being fo much a ftranger to our Nati- on; and its inward organs, atleaft fome, foodd, : and remarkable; Iam willing to deliver my ob- fervations of it. They are rude, and very inperfect, yetfuch as they are, Ithe ratherventure abroad, fince it may be, I may never have an opportunity of compleat- ing them. - The occafion of my making thefe, was afforded me, — by my very good friend Dr. Goodall, a Fellow of the Col- ledg of Phyficians, and a great lover of the fame, who ac- cidentally meeting with it, when dead; procured it for our private diffectzon at our Theater ; and afterwards more leafurely examining it, at the Repoftory of the Royal Soce- | | Bbb ety 5 DX Ev [360] : ety; and having the affittance of my ingenious Friend AR. Waller Eíq. and Mr. Hunt in making the d euh 3; I think I may be. able to give fome better notice of it, thas what hitherto we have received. | . But it will be convenient firft of all, totell whatit is — weare going to defcribe. The Indian names of this Ani- - mal are, Quauhtla Coymatl, © Quarizotl ; or Coyametl, feu Quaubcoyametl as in the Mexico Hiftory. | Qviedus faith, the Indians call it Ghuchte. In Lerius, Gomara, Margra- vius, Gul. Pzfo, &c. itis called Tajacu, Tajacu Caaigoaru. by Jofephus a Cota, and others, Zazno, or Sayno ; and by jo. Faber one.of the Lyncean Academy,and who hath wrote the largeft on this Animal of any I have met with, it is called Aper Mexitcanus ; and for a reafon I fhall after- wards give, I have added the Epithet Mo/chiferus ; to di- ftinguifh it from any other that may be met with there. Ihe whole /bape of this Animal is fuch, that we may . eafily reduce it to the Swine kind; as plainly appears by our Fzgure, which is much more exact, than either that in Hernandez ; where the Snout, and head feems tao flender, nor did we obferve that white ring about the Nec‘ ; which is there conje&urally defcribed. Or thatin P:/2, -Sobufton, &c. where it is pictured with large Muftachzos, anda Tayle. But it was much leffer then our ufual Hoggs, for from the end of the body, where the 'Tavle fhould be, to the top ofthe head between the ears, was two foot and two inches ; from thence, to the end of the nofe, XI. In- ches. The Girth of the body, two foot. The girth of the neck, 16 Inches; of the head in the largeft place 18 In- ches; and of the Snout 12 Inches. For the lower Fam in this Mexzco-H og, Was more protuberant, and the,head lefs tapering then in ourSméne ;.and in the Sceleton appears, much like that ofthe Bady Rouffa ; only it had not thofe teeth; and the Neck appeared fo very fhort and thick, not from thofe large glands, whichinfome of the Swine kind do fo ftuffont their necks; but from the fhort turn- ing upwards of the Vertebre of the Neck, which were T kept : i LSU] | Kept fo clofeto the body, by the infertion of that ftrong ligament into the Pole from the back, which in Animals, that are prono Capite, is of extraordinary ufe, and much adds tothe ftrength of this Animal. — 4 The Colour ofthe body was grifly; being befet with _ brafiles, which were thicker then thofe of a hog, and leffer than thofe ofa hedg-hog, but like thofe of a Hedg-hog, or _ the quills ofa Porcupine, they were variegated with white and black ringes. of. a Coffa makes them like thefe, to be weapons too. 4rrztati (faith he) Setas, ut novacula, acutas erigunt, quibus infettores fuos fauciunt periculofiffi- me ; nif tétus declinent. But I more then fufpect the truth of thisaffertion. The de//y was almoft bare. The drafles on the fides fhorter, and gradually encreafing in length,as they approach the ridge of the back. here fome were five Inches long. Between the eares on the head was a large tuft of thefe briftles; which were moft part black. . G. _ Pefois out, who makes thefe Sete on the back, /olito bre- viores, © molliores ; and * Fulcoburgius much more in the - right; who faith, Sete longiores, quam pro corporis propor- . Egone, nigra, binc inde macnlis candidis daflinéia. "^ The Zeres were about two inches and ahalf longand prickingup. The Eyes (as they are ufually in Piggs) but fmall; from the lower Canthus tothe end of the nofe,fix inches. -The Nofe likethatofa Hogs. The mouth not large. The fide of the lower lip made {mooth, as it were by the rubbing of a Tuske inthe upper Jaw. — The Teeth I will defcribe with the Sceleton. The Feet . and Clawes: perfe&tly as inthe common Hoggs, only the upper Claws on the fame foot proportionably longer; being one inch quarter and a half long ; whereas the true Claws were Scarce one inch and an halfe.^ Ovzedus faith, . ungulas non partitas five bifulcas babent. And‘ Peter Mar- - - tyr, as he is quoted by Gesner, tells us; they are Cloven —Rommü m a Apud Tho. Bartholim. Hift, Anat. 96. Cent. 2.: b Oviedus in fummario in- ~ diz Occidenial. *P. Martyr. Océane decad. Y. 2. Bbba2 footed P" L362] footed onely before, & whole behind. but ours was no fuch monfter ; nor were thofe obferved by F. Gregorius & abundance more. Yet Ariffotle, and Pliny too, acknow- ledge there are Swine, that are Solipedes. Vall Our Hog had no Tayle. Cauda eft nulla, Saith "G. Pifo, but I wonder why then, he fhould fuffer his Pzctwre-Draw- er to give him one, asin his figure. In fonflon he wears a Tayle too ; who feldome miffes the tran{cribing the Errors _ of thofe before him;tho he might have borrowed a far bet- ter picture out of Harnandezx. P. Martyr mentions, that the Spaniards met with fome fuch Tayl-lefs Hogs in Uraba. Erat tam exigua ejusmodi Apris Cauda, ut prorfus abfciffa judicaretur, Nor is it any wonder that amongft the Swene &ind, {ome have Tayles, and others none: for we fee the fame thing in Munkeys too. "Bits ER DD But what is moft particularin our Hog, and makesthe - greateft wonder ; and differences it, from any other Ani- — mal 1 know of in the World; is the 7ea£ or Nav?ll or Fora- men rather on the hinder part of the back. All who mention this Auzmal ; look on this, asa thing foextraor- | dinary, and uncommon; that I know not how their ama- zement has fo far clouded theirreafon, asto betray them into moft extravagant Conjectures, and opinions con- cerning it. Not any one, asI have metwith, affording . the leaft glimmering ofa probable truth. But becaufe an account of this part, will be fomewhat large; I fhall give it the laft; and fhall now take a furvey of its inward organs. Onely fhall premife in fhort what the mrzters of the Na- turall Hiflery of the Indies, have given us ofthe nature — of the Tajacu, and the places where tis bred. : Fheron.: Benzonus mentions they are in Panama, and new Spatne; i Gomara.tells us, they are in Necaragua;* Qvte- — dus faith, they are found in Terra firma; and.’ Lerzus. | w.ites, they are in Brafle too. ‘They are ufually met | 4 G. Pifo de lüdix utriutque TENOR Ma Seek: S'Hacrou Benrch Americz p. 5. f Gomara Hiit. Gen. Indiar. |. 5: €. 204 © Oviecus in fem , mario Indix occidental. Lerius in Navivigat Brafil. with [ 163] | with in the Mountaines, and woods; and go in herds: to- gether. They feed on roots, acorns, and fruits; but as the greateft delicacy they huntfor all manner of poyfo- nous Serpents, and ‘Toads; and having caught them, holding them with their fore feet; witha great deal of dexterity, with their teeth they ftrip of their skin from the head to the Tayle, then greedily devour them. Po- Jfea (faith ' Fo Faber, who had the account from F: Grego- rius, who often has feen them, and lived in thofe parts 24 years) Radicem feu certe arboris Corticem fibi notum querat, quem comedit,ne veneno infictatur ; 9 bac ratione op- time nutritur, crefcit, €9 augefcit. When they are made tame, they will feed on any thing. But naturally they are very fierce. AS Oviedus remarkes that the $wzne, the Spaniards left on the Iflands of St. Domzngo, St. Joannes, and $amazca, mul- -tiplyed, and encreafed. But thofe in Terra Ferma durft never go in the woods ; but were deftroyed by the Lions, ligers, and Lzpz Cervariz, Yet in thefe woods, there are great herds of thefe Tajacu’s, that can make their party good with the Feirceft of them. If any be wounded,. prefently he gets to his affiftance a great number of his kind; and never leaves till he hasrevenged the injury, orisflain. ‘They are allwayes at enmity with the Tzgers. And there is often found the body of a Tyger, and abun- - dance of thefe Tajacus flaintogether. If they {py a man they will fiercely fet on him, and his beftefcape is to get up atree, which they will moft furioufly affault with their teeth, nor will eafily ieave him; till forced by hunger, or flain by him, by Clubs, Darts, or a Gun, «Jofephus a Cofta tells us, tis ufual this way to takethem ; by a mansfhew- ing himfelf to them, whome they know they will prefent- ly perfue. Ifthey hunt them, their dogs are often torne inpieces by them. ‘Their 77e/b is efteemed very good, and much defired by the Inhabitants, G. Pifo faith, it ex-. i Hiftor. Animal. &c. Mexican. p. 6,8... * Jof. à Cofta lib. 4. Hift. Americ. ; | cells - | 0364) cellsour Hogs; but ' Hernandez thinks it is durzor atque infuavior. They have but a very little faz; our fubje& had fcarceany. But I find it as a fpecial caution given by all, that as foon asthey are taken, to cut out the gland on the back, leaftittaints the flefh. Thus Fo/eph a Cofta, Caro eorum commodiffima efu eft, priufquam tamen in ci- bum detur, umbilici tumore 2n tergo prominente prafeto, ab- je&oque opus eft. Nii hoc fiat, uno die Caro putrefcet, &à Corrumpetur. Nay F. Gregorius would have it done im- mediately, without any delay: " Quare f/quod Animal e- quf modi mattatur, neceffe eft prorfus, ut confeftim ipff umbili- cus exfcindatur ; quod nifr medie hore {patie feret, e(ui baud amplius aptum animal foret ; tam teter enim inde fetor ef- flatur, qui vix fufferri poteft, 8 reliquam carnis maffam om- — neminfictt. Ylmuft confefs, this g/and did not feem to me, . to have that offenfive fmell; or to imprefs it on the flefh. ‘This I am confident, that in flaying off the Ska, unlefs . they ftudioufly endeavour it; they cannot avoyd taking away the Gland too; it lying fo between the skin, and Panniculus mufculofus ; which is.always taken of with the skin, but of this more anon. . We come now to the Anatomy ; where our obfervati- - ons fhall be chiefly of fuch parts, as are of a different make from the fame in common Hogs ; or the moft common Animals. Waving therefore divided the Mufcles of the - belly ; what firft of all we took notice of, was the remark- able ftructures of the Stomacks, for it had. three. Into the middlemoft, was inferted the 0e/ophagus or Gullet ; which we therefore fhall call the frd ventrecle or Stomack. From this, on one fide was a large paflage into the fecond ; which pouching out had its two ends winding like a horn ; and ontheother fide of the firft or middle ftomack, was ~ a free open paffage into the third, which emptyed it felf into the duodenum, nasi | id For the exacter apprehending the /bape. and external mm D DLATEXN UIT Mgmt EET OTe PES bet ^ o ——áÓ— Vid. Joh. Fabin. Hift. Mex.p.648. : form BE — [365] | | form of thefe feveral Stomacks; I havecaufed them to be reprefented in three different poftures, in three Schemes which fully demonftrates their outward figure, In Fig. 5. Tab. 1. you more plainly fee the winding extremitys, or horns of the fecond Stomack. In the 2d. Fig. Tab. 2. the three Stomacks more in their natural fcituation ; with the infertion of the 0e/ophagus into the firft.In the 1/7. fig. Tab. 2. allthree Stomaks opened, wherein is remarkable, that the firft Stomack: was lined within, with a white thick hard membrane; almoft like the inward pellicle of the | Gizardof Fowls ; with which none of the other Stomacks | were endowed. For the inward furface of the fecond, | was fmooth, and foft ; its membranes thin, and morein- | clining tothe common make of that of Carnivorous Ani- mals. 'Thethird fomewhat like this; but thicker, an grimpled within, with large ?//ce or folds. a ^. Ourcommon Hog feemesto have but one Stomack, and much different from thefe of our Tajacz. Where nature - | makes more tis no doubt for neceflary ufes. What here | by the white pel/zcle of the flrft Stomack, is plainly diftin- - . guifhed into three, is more obífcurely {o, in our common | Hoggs. *® Dr, Grew does give them but two; acknow- . ledging it to be fhaped fomewhat oddly in a manner with ~ ^a double Ventricle. | **'Theone,and the principal, may be - . “called venter magnus, fhaped like that of Carnivorous - * Quadrupeds, very thick, and Mufcular ; efpecially on - | *theneck,and at the Py/erus. Atthe left end of this - | “greater Ventrzcle, another far lefs, yet a diftinét one, is - |*appendent. Muth after the {ame manner, asthe Rete- d “culum in a Sheep isto the Paunch, or as the Intefiznum - | “cecum to the other Guts: for which reafon it may be . , | “called Cecus Ventriculus, feparated from the greater by - ; | “a mufenlar ligament, like a half /z/ve. where irjoynsto : | “it, an Inch, and half over, and thence isextended two : | *Inches in length, ending in a twilted or hooked Cone. IM lL lcc. 1 il | ? Dr: Grew of the Stomacks and Guts of Quadrupedscap 3. p. !4. «Not : L66] EE * Not fo mufcular as the greater Venter, but thin and * membranous. ‘The inward furface alfo plain or with- . *outfolds. "Thislaft defcribed,as it may anfwer to the ^fecond Ventricle in our Tajacu: Íohis venter magnus, or | 2 ^firft, may be diftinguifhed into two; it having aboutthe - right end or half of the belly ; feveral f//4s as he obferv- | ed, which anfwers to our third Stomack, the other end being plain, as was our firft. | But what he takes notice of, that in the common Hog againft the\Pylorws ftands a round Caruncle, as big as a {mall filberd kernel; like a ftople tothe Pylorus; a part | hethinks peculiarto this Animal. Thisinour Mexzco Hog (did not obferve. His ° conjecture of the ufe of it, is likely enough: it being fo voraczous an Animal ; for _the preventing a too fudden, and copious irruption of _ the Aliment, which is fufficiently provided forinour fub-. ject, by the great ftreightning of the Pylorushere; and^ the great afcent it muft make, before it can go out: ~ which may be the reafon too, of natures making thefe fe- veral Cells, or partitions; for the better digeftion and . maceration of the food, for it being frugzvorous, gramnz- verous,and Carnivorous too; the ffomacks are fo contriv- ed,as that the firft here,by itsinward pe//zcle fomewhat re- " fembles that of Birds, that are Carpophagous ; {o the others, thofeof Quadrupeds, — — ST UNI C. ge | Why a Hog of any Animal, fhould be faid the moft to refemble Maz in all its inward parts; without a Me£a- |. peor, I cannot underftand. It may bea paffagein that book, afcribed to Gallen de Anatome parva; may give fome occafion to this vulgar Errour. None who fhall compare them together ; but will obferve, in feveral, if not z»f parts, a vaft difference; as appears in what we . have difcourfed of allready, the Stomack. po a a Falcoburgius, who diffe&ed a Tajacu, which was brought from Brafle, takes notice of thofe Cornua of the. ~ © Dr. Grew ibid, cap. 6. p 24. [367] ó£omack. | Ventrieulusduas babet appendices, velut Cornua; | alteram in fuperzore, alteram tn infima ejus parte; which | ) isallhe faith of ir. But we fhall now proceed to the | Bran c EO ON E c "^ . And thefeI find as remarkable as the Stomach; mirum | € fmgulare (faith PF. Gregerzus, who had oft diffected | them ) eff; quod Inteftina, €? Ventris Vifcera contrario | prorfus altjs Animalibus fitu obtinet, renes verfus nimirum | revoluta : Ita ut que in ventris parte Znferzore, ac pro- | na effe annexa deberent ; (uperiorà eadem potzus ac fupina, | ubz [pina excurrit, adbereant, 8 que {pine dorfi contigua | ejfe nata funt; bec eadem inferiori in parte ventris fituen- |£ur. What is meant by all this, is I fuppofe, that the ' fmall guts, which inother Animals, being faftened toa ! larger Mefentery, ufually do hang down lower; here, ' were clofer gathered, by the fhortnefs of this membrane, tothe Spene; and the Colon, which in others is more fu- | E here by its peculiar ftructure, lies loofe, and falls down. For the Dwodenum arifing from the Pylo- . rus witha fhort turn; that and the other fmall bius . made abundance of Convolutions, and windings; and altho’ the Mefentery was but very fhort from the Spine, , and it's Circumference feemingly but very little; yet in _ this compafs it conteined 27 foot of thefe Inteftines, _ for fo much they meafured from the Pylorus to the Colon. The Colon was not faftened to the Perzphery or rim of the Me/entery, as ordinarily ; but arifing from the Cen- ter, or Middle, made a Spiral line, it's end hanging loofe; and it'sturnings clofely united one to another by mem- branes. This Colon was very large, in refpect of the o- | ther Guts; and as I meafurd it, was 9 toot long. It _ had a fhort Cecum, but pretty wide, and filled with fe- ees. What Dr.Grew obferves, that tis peculiar to the 4 Caecum of a Hog, and that of a Horfe ; to have the fame | -ftructure with the Colon; is true heretoo. And it may be | .? Apud Jo, Faber in Hift. Mexican. : | reck e ^ e j O [368] reckoned asan appendix of the Colon. In a Hog, Dr. Grew makes feven inteffines. The fame differences, it may be, I might have met.with here »: but I was prevented by the little leature I had of being fo nice in this, asfome other parts; andit being kept fo long before I had it for dif- fection; it was rendred lefs fit for fuch enquiries. Fal- coburgeus faith the length of all the guts were 34 geome- trical feet, ours meafured more. The Structure of the Colon here, I look on as extraordinary. | Some fuch gut I find in a Goat, making feveral /pzral windings in the middle of the Mefentery ; butithen taking a compaís round, near the verge, to which are faftened the leffer — inteftines; atlaft pafles into*the Re&£zm. Soin aWood- Cock, there is fuch a Speral Gut. But in our Tajacu not only the Stomack, Gut, and Meffentery were extraor- dinary ; but the Me/araick , veffels too. For in men, and Dogs, &c. making the fegment of a Circle near the middle, they then fend out feveral large branches to- wards the Inteftines; which asthey approach them, by their mutual inofculation, for in feveral {mall Arches from whence iffue numerous leffer branches to the Guts themfelves::; But here in our Hog, we obferved a large Vein, and Artery, running a fmall and equal diftance | from the Inteftines; and from them, arifing an infinite number of lefier, but ftraight veffels; which going to the Guts fo regularly, and in fo great numbers, afford- ed vweryiplefaoefight1ud- ; 511 | ik ACRES A OF - The Spleen, was about ro Inches long; almoft of the fame breadth throughout; and in the middle, was one Inch, and half broad, it was of alead colour, a little; Ípeckled, or marbled. Lien palmas duas equat tranf- V verfas, vix digitum minimum craffus, membrane adipofe annexus, faith Falcoburgzus. | : ID * The Liver confifted of four large /ohes ; and was of a |. dark red colour. It appeared plainly glandulous; and | had no Vefica fellea, which is the more remarkable; | fince our common Swine have alarge Cyfzs fellea. But it | had a Ductus bilarius, which went from the Liver to the | | Duo- ha a E9693 - - Duodenum as ufually. Falcoburgius faith, Hepar mullo E- | gamento fufbenforio continetur ; ber membranam folam ver- tebris unitum. | | | Den “The Pancreas was about 5, or 6 Inches long; and made up of feveral glands. - But’in thefe parts, there being nothing extraordinary from the common make of the fame im other Animals; we fhall now pafs to the Or- gans of generation ; where we fhall meet-with fomething more remarkable. ji | IET _~ The Tefes were two Inches long; larger at the up- per end, then the lower, and in the middle, about an Inch broad, they were placed in the Scrotum: ‘Their - colour white; their ftructure clofe; fo that the veffels,: which compofed them; did not fo plainly appear as in, an ordinary Boar. Notwithftanding which, no doubt ‘their whole compages was vafcular; tho’ here clofet wrought together, and united. %Vauchus Dathirius - Benglarus diícover'd this vafcular ftracture of the Teft/s of a Boar, as alfo ofa Man, about ten years before Reg. de Graef publifhed his book, de organzs Virorum Generat. infervientzs. and has given good figures of the fame. Tho the latter has given, a much larger, and further account of this fubject fince. "Their w/e is no doubt to prepare the Semen; which is conveyed thence by the Va- fa deferentia to the Vefrcule feminales. "'Yhefe deferentia arife near the lower part of the Teffes ; and are fo in- ferted that they might almoft equally empty themfelves, either into the J/'zfee feminales ot Urethra. Ydo not re- member what, or wiither there were any Ppidrdymis urthe Jeffers DO oU ! "e . «The Vefcule feminales were 1 : Inchlong; in fome _ places * in others half an Inch broad. "Pho" called | Wefeule; yet' here they appeared more glandulous ; nor | was their cavity any thing’ confiderably ‘large. The | Common orificesto them, and the Va/a deferentia made arifing inthe infide of the Urethra; whichde Graefcalls; Numb. 42. p. 843. Vid. Philofoph. Tran fad. : CQ. A (a- | 7a] Caput Gallinaginis; in men and other Animals, there is a better reíemblance, and fhew forthe name. In thofe too, at this place, is feated that glandulous body, call'd the Proflate. But the Veficule here being fo. glandulous ; . poffibly they may perform their office. Unlefswe fhould — a{fcribe their ufe, to thofe two glands ; whichlay oneach — fide the Urethra ; and emptied themfelves with two O- © rifices, near the. root of the Pens. Thefe glands were Cylindrical, of a whitifh yellow colour; an Inch, and half long;-and 3 of an Inch in diameter. Their fub- ftance clofe; like that of the Teffes; and no perceptible | cavity within; and they lay along the outfide the Ure- - thra, reaching from the mu/culz eredores Penis, to the - glandulous Veficule before defcribed.: wines. | | $e. Van Hera would have a three-fold matter of the Seed; one from the Teffes; the fecond from the Jeficu- - le feminales; and a.third from the Proffater. Butj this - de Graaf’, ftrongly appofes; and will admit only that — — from the Teffes ; whichis tranfmitted to the Veficule fe- minales, and notatall bred there. But in our fubject,- and foinfome others, they being glandulous, they mutt therefore fecrete ome juice; which in all likelyhood is | fome ways ferviceable, tho not principally, in ge- neration. And indeed in the ZZog-&zsd, I find .thele parts very remarkable... In a Boar there are two forts of Veficule feminales; one veficulous, the other glandulous, | In a Hedge-hog, there are three pair of Veficule feminales; | two inthe cavity of the a/domen; and a third between | the Mufcles of the Belly, and the Skin.. In a female | Hedge-hog too, I find in the fide of the Vagina, below | the Orifice of the Urethra, a glandulous body placed; | which has a confiderable cavity for itsbignefs; and a |. plain Orifice; by which it empties it felf into the ure- |. thra. But of this more, when .I.give the Anatomy of |. that Animal. Andat prefent, ífhall not further reafon | r Keg. de Graaf ce Organ. Viror. generat. inferv ent. — n Bur et. on thefe parts; but only obferve that the Pexz: in our Jajacu, was along flender body; made np of feveral — Mufcles whereof two were very long. The Vefica Urinaria or bladder of Urine was rounder then in fome other Animals ; where ufually ‘tis more ob- long. ‘The Ureters were inferted at the neck of the bladder; not fides, asin fome. How the 4zdzeys were, Ido not now particularly remember; but beleive, there was nothing extraordinary ; meeting with nothing of - them in my notes. I fhall therefore haften to the Tho- rax; where we did not meet much obfervable, unlefs it was the defcendent trunck of the Arterza orta. Which 1 fhall defcribe; having firft premifed, what * Falcoburgzus writes of the other parts here; which is only this. fc. Cor a diaphragmate diflat palmam tranf- verjam unam. Pulmones zn feptem lobos difiributz, quorum in utroque latere tres fitt, feptimus vero circa Cordis mucrenem pofitus, tanquam utrique Communis. Y But what of all furprifed us meft; and made usfoon - heglect the other parts; which we faw had nothing but |. what was common; was the ftrange formation of the 4forta; which as it defcended along the fpine, in all other Animals, I have obferved its £ruzc& almoft of an equal bignefs; only a little tapering downwards. | But here between the heart and its branchings into the Iac Artertes, we found three large /wellings out. . The largeft was that neareft the Peart, which after a fmell ftraightning again, emptied it felf into the fecond; which tho’ fomething lefsthen the firft; yet much lar- gerthan the third, which was near the divifion of the Aorta into the Rami Iliact. Two of thefe /wellings I opened; and found within, feveral unequal Cells, or hollows; but withal could not perceive but the Mem- — branes here, were altogether as thick as where the 4- _ tery was nothing extended. i re MÀ a — . f Apud Bartlio n. loco ante citato. ^ Thefe | | [372]. | | Thefe extenfions of an Artery by Galen; and all others; are called Zfaseurzf/mata ; as thofe of aVein;Varices; and are reputed to happen, when the inward Coat of the Ar£ery is — "burften and fo gives way forthe extenfion of the outward; and commonly they have been occafioned by pricking an Artery, when they have defigned aVezn. But what fhould be . thecaufe of it,in our fubjeG,is moft difficult to affigne. For, it being the only one of the kind Lhave difle@ed; I know not how far it may be preternatural, or whither in others the fame be to be met with again. If preternatural, 'tisthe more remarkable it fhould happenhere; becaufe this is the ftrongeft,and thickeftJrzery in the whole body. If 22£ura1, there is nothing I can at prefent better paralelit with,then thofe protuberant fwellings inthe 4orta of Sz/mormes, and otherfuch Z»fecl s, which Malpigh takes forfo many feveral hearts. Which muftbe allowed ‘him, unlefs we will deny them to have any Peart at all. Which poffibly it may. For in a Leech, there are two large Zfr£erzes, without any of thefefwellings; fo we muft either confefs them, to be two hearts; or not to have any; for there is no part yet I have obferved in them, that I can give that name to, be- fides; nortothefe too, without fome allowance. ^ - As to the other parts, we have but little to fay; for want of time, wehad notleafure to examine the Brazn. The Aperture of the Eye wasbut fmall, as in the Hog- kind. The membrana uitlitans. Plainer, then ufually in Quadrupeds ; which might be convenient, fince wallow- ing in Mud, they mightthebetterrub off any filth , that inight happen there 2907 d onion [2 (9186 The Mu/fcles not fo diftin& as in fome Brutes; and hence the-motion of their eyes not fo quick nor regular. The Pepilround. ^ The Optick nerve inferted almoft in- the Axis of the Eye; and on the infide, made a fmall. - dint. The Chorocdes ofa pale violet, and brownifh colour: But we fhall now come, to what feems moft peculzar to this Animal; andasIknow of, to be met with, in none befides and is mentioned by all not without great ad- miration, who have wrote of this ftrange Hog; vzx*- The da ! | Glan - j Lars}. Glandulous body on the back. Had Inot had the firít notice of it from them; ‘tis a thing fo uncommon, that in all likelyhood it had patled inobferved by me, asit might have done too; had only afingle Auzher afferted the 'Umbilicus or Navel to be placed there... But finding -louniverfala confent, I thought, that tho’ they might be miftaken in their: conjectures about the díes; yet there muft be fomething that. muft offer the occafion. J Having therefore: ar) laft found it out, and well obferved -. it; I fhallheregivethe defcription of it, as I viewed it; then deliver the opénzons of others, what they conjectured it might be; and laftiy offer my own thoughts concer- ningit Which having done, .and taking a (hort furvey of the Sceleton, ‘we shall conclude. d : In my defcription of this part, I fhall have frequent re- .courfe to the Zzzres I have caufed to be made of it. . Which being fo accurate,and to the life; will eafily difco- - ver to the Phantafie what it is; better then it can bedrawn | ordefcribed by words. In figure1. by the letter (4) you have the place pointed to; where ‘twas feated on the back vix. juft on the ridge of it, over the hinder legs, but fo covered by the long érzf//es there ; that it was not to be obferved, but by opening of them, with the hand; and and then you fhall ind. a {mall fpace there almoft bare; only befet with fewer, fhorter and finer hairs; and in the middle of it, the protuberant orifice of the gland; by which it difcharges it felf of the liquor, which is fepa- rated by it within. This orzfice, or foramen, which is ex- actly reprefented in it's natural bignefs, and form in NM ui. I. figure 3. had it's “ps a little reflected, and pro- tuberznt above the furface of theskin. It would eafily admit of alarge probe; which Icouldturn into feveral parts of theG/and. Upona gentle preffure with: my fin- ger, I could obferve a {mall quantity of a white yellowifh jutce, and fome part of it of a little darker Colour; which yeilded avery pleafant, and agreeable /cent; and . wasjudged by my felf, and feveral others, who {melt it;- tobe much like. that: of Musk, or Gvet, ee , : e | EN [374]. felf was feated between theskin and fome part ofthe pan- niculus Carnojus. For in the middle:of that part,or fur- face, which refpected the’ back, ;’twas!bare; and not covered with that Muícle; and only the-edges of it in- clofed within it) fo that in taking off the skin, the Gland too, as I have obferved, could not eafily efcape, but go with it; however this Mu/cle may be affifting to it by its contractions, in preffing out of its liquor: as the Sphzn- er. Mufcle is to thofe Scent Bags, placed atthe Extream of the Reéium of other Animals, as I have formerly hinted. The Gland wasexactly of the dimenfions as reprefented in Tab. 1. figure 4. ‘Twas Conglomerated or made up of fe- veral minute, and fmall whiteglandules. It had no con- fiderable Cy//zs, or Cavity within; but like the Pancreas, or Salivatory glands, it had abundance of fecretory Duc- - tus's; which terminating at laft in one, difcharged its feparated juice by that common oerzfece in Figure 3. dab.r. s | i tyr 19M This or¢fce having fomething of a refemblance of a Navel,hasimpofed upon almoft a// (who have but thus fu- — perficially viewed it without examining any thing further) to beleive it, an Umbzlicus : and. thofe who have devia- ted from this fentiment; have been as unhappy, in de- livering altogether as abfurd,and extravagant Conjec- tures about it. To name them, (which is the fecond particular which I promifed ) willbe a fufficient confu- tation. Which on this account I doonly, to intimate how little we ought to reft fatisfied with the Natural Hz- fiory of Animals, at prefent we have given us. Not but - thofe who have done fo much; juftly deferve their due commendations. But it would be a great reflection, that having their helps, and far greater advantages, fhould we notimprove theirobfervations, = 9 9 © : F.Gregorius, (who had fo great an opportunity of ac- quainting himfelf with the truth of it, being fo long in the Coui.try ) tells us, 'Umbilzcus exit per /pinam circa Clu- nes. Hieron Benzonus faith, that in a port in Pazama, _ ‘the Spaniards had given them ‘by the Natives, bread, fifh, — fruits, | à | [:25] fruits,and {wines flefh. pre autem ifla Indici, feu agreftes fuess Umbilicum in dorfo gerunt. In the notes to this Chapter, the fame is confirmed of the wzld bogs in New Spain. “And Gomara writes the fame, of thofe in Bra/ile. .Oviedus tells us of thofein Terra firma, that Umbelicumin medio dorfo gerunt. Fofephus a Cofla afirms much the fame, Saynos animalia funt. Apriformia Umbilicum in. dorfo gerentes. fo. Faber concludes from thefe, and all the accounts he could meet with, in the wrzters of the Natu- ral Hiflory of the Weft Indies, as a moft undoubted truth; Sayno effe Aprum,cut Umbilicus non in ventre fed in dor{o prominet. Andaltho in fome other circumftances, their teftimonies difagree; yet he faith, zm boc omnia conve- niunt, "umbilicum circa dorft Spinam exiftere. | - Indeed he is very liberal; and gives him, (if I may fo callit) along Navel-ftring too. It may be, being im- pofed on, by the pi&iure of Nardus Ant. Recchus ; where — there is fomething very prominent; and as I believe, was - defigned only, to point to the place; where this fuppofed Navel was Ííeated ; rather thento reprefent any thing na- tural init. But inthe defcription, his words are thefe, ‘fed quod maximopere admireris, ac preter nature feriem contigefe dicere queas, nec ullis alt s 2n befizjs animadvertas, eft; quod Animal boc prominentiam quandam in dorfo forti- tum fuerit, eminentem apprime © detruncati forma inteflini confpicuam: Et banc in dextra quidem fut parte, prope fbi- mam dorfi fitam, clunes fc. verfus, perpendiculariter Genita- lis Maf[culini potius quam umbilici region, in ventre adeffe porcis folate, refbondentem. Yn his Schola on this, he {pends fome pages in reafoning on this fo odd a Phenomenom. But being fo much miftaken in the ?vof the queftion; we fhall not trace him farther: but fee what others have thought of it. | And our next inftance fhall be, the opinion of Falco- | | burgius, a Phyfitian at Leyden ; who diffe&ed one brought t vid. Jo. Fabri Expofition. in Animal. Nove Hifp. p. 637. TN Beddc ri Xd. EROR [376] from Brafle. And from an Anatomift, we might expect fomething more accurate. Indeed he denyes it to be a Navel ; but willhaveit to be a breaf, or. Mamma. . Y will give his account of it; as I meet with it in * Bartholine ; who has taken it out of Margravius (which at prefent I have not by me) zz dorfi (fays he) extern medietate, f.uz [uper fbinam dorfi prope vertebras Lumbares, mamma eft, cujus circumferentiam. aureus ducatus. metiebatur, quam porcellis. lattandis deftinatam effe, ex glandulis fubfiratis ju- ditabat; im eas enim vene varie, eeque fatis magne infe- runtur. | Papillarum in fumine nullum ufum credebat ; nulla enim glandula fuljtcitur, nec vafa fanguifera comparent pro. latte generando fufficientia: Indeed Fo. de Laet in hisanno- tions on that Chapter in v Margravius, tells us, he was fully informed. by thofe that lived in Brafife ; that the young pigs there, did fuck the Teats under the belly ; and not that fancyed one on the back; He will rather have i therefore, an 'Qmbilicus ,: asall the Natives take-itto Ba sit Loma ndi OF Yai | odoyiaod yes? £3 ..But the third opinion is that of;go. Lerius;and Thevetus; who make it a Speraculum, by which it breaths. | Habet (faith he) anatura foramen in. dorfo, quemadmodum in ca-— pite fuem marinum habere dixi, quo (biritum emittit, admtt- titqueJ Gul. Pifo witha fhort Cenfure on it, denies: that a- ny of chefe offices ought to be given to this part; and 1s more inclinable tothe opinion of Hernandez ; who hav- ing difected it, affures us; tis only g/andulofa quedam, & mollis pingueds.. The Colour, Ibeleive, made him call it | pinguedo; tho’ really: it's fubftance is wholly g/endulous. | In it (Hernandez faith) fe reczpit humor quidam aqueus, qui digitis expreffus flit. But I wonder, that having 7 Ícen, and diflected them he takes no notice of the {cent it yeilds. : a 3i de tg ord ü . Ao interpofe therefore my own Conjecture concerning | .» “Tho. Partholin. cert: 2 Hift. Med. c6. w Marzravius. lib. 7. Chap. 7. x Jo. Lee rius in Navigat. in Brafil. c. 9. y G. Pulode Indiz otriufque re Nat. & Med. Ll 3. 7 P*&.99. * Piauc. Hernandez Hit, Qua. tuped. Nove Hifp. Trad. tee. 2. p. 8. H i US it d | [377] . it; (which isthe third thing I promifed) there is nothing * ean parallel this g/and with more, than thofe [cent-bags, or /cent-glands, Thave formerly mentioned to be in o- ther Animals. Fortho' the whole body may be perípi- rable; and fo diffufe a fmell; yet that peculiar fe£or, which is obferved in all ffrong-fcented Animals; I have hitherto conftantly found, more remarkably collected in- ‘to one part; the particles, which caufe it, being fepara- ted from the Mafs of blood by peculiar glands ; which either quickly difcharge it wholly out of the body, as in tome ; or tranimit the feparated juice into bags, or blad- ders, where it remains fome longer time, as 1n many o- ther Animals; - - Pigs pert MM ie or las | - "FhisIfirft took ?notice of; in Polecats; that juft at the extream of the Rectum, were placed two bags, filled with a craffe, and whitifh liquor; whofe fink was fo ve- ry great, that I could not well endure the room, till I had removed them ; and then the whole body feemed ve- ryinoffenfive. The fame I have obferved in abundance of other Animals; as in all the Polecat-kind, in our common Cats; Ina Lyon; in Dogs; Ina Fox, &c. Thole bags in the (vet-Cat , or Hyena odorifera ate nothing but the fame. As are likewife thofe of a Musk-qua/b men- tioned by Foffelzn in his hiftory of the Rarztzer of New- England, For they are not the Teflicles of that Animal; as that Letter from Dublin in the Phalofopbic- Tran[attions 4N».127. pag. 653. does intimate, for having feen the - Skins here in Town; and thofe Musk Cod: ; 1 find them to be only the Scent-bags: -So the Cafloreum we have in ourShops, isnot the Stones of a Beaver ; as formerly re- pa ; but of the fame nature altogether with our Scent- ^ Thhould be too prolix, fhould Iinlarge upon this’ fub- - jfe& here, it fhall fuffice to fay, that in moft Species ot Animals there may be obferved, fomething the fame, ot pi "da Vid. Dr. Plot?s Nat. Hiftory of Oxon Shire. Cap. 9. p.305. dy Dddes ot [378] . -oranalogous to it, which give them, their peculiar fe- tors; orímells. Thus Lhave obferved in ARepzzles, as the * Rattlefnake, in Vipers, in. our common Snake, &c. two long bags inthe Tayle; which empty theit feted liquor, nearthevergeof the Reéfum. Butinall Animals, 1] find not thefe dags or glands feated here; but in fome, in dif- ferent parts of the body. InFow/, and Birds in the rumps (asIhave formerly mentioned ) you, will meet with two glands; which have their pipes or fecretory dutius arifing on the top of it, above the furface of the Skin; which - difcharges a fatid liquor. I find thefe Glands the largeft in Geefe, and the Deed kind, which ufe the water; and a- nyoneatthe table, by tafting may perceive. in a’ Duck, how ftrong /cented. they: be.’ In Turky's, tis lefs glandu- , lous; but they have a larger Cyfis within, In the Of- tridge indeed, Idid not obferve it on the Rump; but fomething higher on the, back; where it made two bun- chings out ; and under the Skin I found a Gyfizs fil d with aconcreted yellowith juice, this fomething approached . near the place, where was feated the Gland in our Mexico Flog, which I call. the Scent-gland, and it yielding fo ~ grateful a perfume for fo it was efteemed by my felf, and feveral others, who fmelt it) from it, I-have,named it, the Menace Musk Hage 70 viai unio oR yo book This difference isremarkable; whereas our Musk Hog hasit's Scent Gland feated onthe back, and it has been by . moft hitherto miftaken for a Navel’; So the.Gaxella or Musk Deer has his Musk-bag.on the belly. near the Umbdli- fat “This being fo largely defcribed by, Lucas Sthroekrus n bis FZzfleria Mofcbi not long fince publifhed, 1-fhall re- ferto him, fora further account of it, «2 550 00005 But it may be expected perhaps I fhould give fome far- ther reafons for the name Uhavebeftowed on: our Fog ;and | the rather too, fiace..mo .Author-has call'd it a perfume; but branded it as the greateft Stnk;. As, is already. ob- 9 Vid, Philofoph. -Franfad,.No. 144 p-.38. n 2 : | EI NM E ferved E [379] ferved by that great Caution they give, of.cutting it ont, leaftit fpoilsall the other flefh, fo. Faber labours much to give an account, how this horrid fe£or fhould happen. And having fallen into oneerrour, in fuppofing it a Na- wel; that leads, and precipitates him into others. Aud. makeshim fancy fometimes it may be from the Urine ; whole Virulent Steams may come here, by the Urachus. - Other times he knows not, but that an Zn£efline likewife may be faftened there: but is moft of -all :nclinable to . think, ‘tis from the Urznaculum as he calls it.. Thus he _ obferves what an horrid S£n& the Urine of Cats will make, where it lights, Buthere I muft remarkthat in rendring - their Urzze, at the fame time, they may empty their Scent- bags feated at the Rectum, which mixing with it, in a great meafure, may giveit it's f/roug fetor. So the fame - of Rats, and Mice, of a Fox when hunted, &c. And I amapt to think ‘twas by removing thefe Scent-bags xa- ther, then taking out the Azdneys ; that they made the _ Sarigoy edible, which otherwife ftank fo much, that the - — Barbarous Natives refufed them, asout of Lerius, Jo. Fa- ber takes notice. ‘This Stink therefore or $mel/ in our d a- - gacu; come not from any other parts; but is naturally Íe- . parated here.- Asisthe Mush, the Gvet, the Cafter, the - fmellof a Fox, of the Pole-Cat, &c. intheir proper Scent- Glands, and Seent-bags. Nor amI any thing concerned, | that others fay it $2zn£r, when I would make it a perfume; Or-do T, queftion, but that their Senfe, and Nofes were - as'good as mine: Since I know, that the beft perfumes - fometimes make the greateft Stznks.. Civet, nay Musk it .— felf when frefh, and green, and in large quantities, are no | ' ways agreeable, but very offenfive to the fmell ;; as many - | have obferved, And what is more too, fuch is 4mber- - , éreafeat the fitft, as* Gul. Prfo doesaffure us.) Quod equi- |» dem mirum (faith he) cum omnis, ante znfolationem, molle - | tantum gluten fit Ambra; angratoque adeo odore nares fe- jd .* G. Pifode Indiz uttiufque re Nat. & Med. li, 1. De Io. y. : FIENHf. ay : ! br E3804". - viens, ut abinexpertes plane re/puatur. Out Tajacu, there- fore when young, and when but afmall quantity of this liquor is feparated by thisGland; may afford but little, or no Scent. So Foxes till they are well grown, do not much Stink; but afterwards, when in great plenty this juice .is voyded; by it's copiofnefs, and being thin, and fluid, and fo more vapourable ; it might ftrike our Organs with fuch brisk, and. nimble ftrokes ; as to create a pain; whereas a moreleafurely appulfe of its particles froma ' leffer; and concreted body, may give a pleafure. Asthe feirce rayes of afcorching fire, does excite a dolorous fenfe ; whenas it isdelighted, and refrefhed by the gent- ler beams of amoderateSun. 55) | 4) ee Our Tajacu, therefore no doubt, when this gland does very liberally difcharge it's liquor, may be thought to fink; and yetthis/En£ in time, may becomea perfume. "Thus chat fetid liquor in the. Scent-bags of a Weafel ; having formerly put iton a paper, and kept it a little while ; afforded mea pleafantímell. Why therefore we perceived no ftink at firft, upon the diffe&tion of this Gland; but rathera fweet, and pleafant fmell, (if itiso- therwife in the Countries. where they breed) this. may. be the reafon ; be caufeit had been dead fome days, before lexamined this part. And then I found buta fmall quan- tity of an incraffated liquor there. Tho I muftacknow- - ledge that I wasinformed that whenit was alive; it was obferved by the family, where 'twaskept; that where- ever it went, it left;a good perfume behind it. This I am fure of, that when twas dead, and obferved by. me; and feveral others; it yielded. a fragrant one, whichI think is fufficieut to juftifie, or at leaft to excufethe Name | D havégivenat ..001 51091 é 3510 barA SIBSvistdo sve - "And now to givea hort account of the Sceleton and fo | to end; we obferved that the Cranium, feemed entire, |. without /wtwres. From the Nofe, to the end of the Pole | 9; Inches Here the Cramzum grew very narrow; and | then did fpread it felf again triangularwife, and behind |- made a large hollow where it tefpe&ed tbeback As H | ^ where * A | [351] where were inferted ftrong Mu/fcles, and the Jigament from the back, I formerly mentioned ; by which means .. the Pead is kept fo ftraight up; that when alive, he feem- - . ed to have but a very fhort it any Neck at all, -'The Porus auditoriur or paffage tothe Eare was fomethin g remarka- ble; being placed near the Pole, and' is reprefented by letter (4) in the Sceleton. : | . - Inthe upper jam before were fout Teeth or Zmwezfores. . A little farther was placeda large flat Tusk, fharpedged; . and ftanding outwards; and beyond. that, of each fide, . fixdouble Teeth or Molares. Inthe Baby RoufJa there . arebutfive; and abating the largenefs ot. the Tusk, in _thelower Faw; andthofe Horns (as^ Dr.Grewaflertsthem tobe; who callsthis Animalia Horned Hog) in the up- per ; inalmoft all other refpects, the bones: of the head ~ here, were like thofeof that Animal. : "^ The lower jam was 6 2 Inches long; 1; broad at the . firft double Tooth; of which there were fix of each fide. The done of the lower Jaw here, from the Dentes Molares; to. the Inczfores ; feemed fpongy and: cardous ; and the Tz:&r in this Jaw, were rotted out; as were one, or two of the Zzezfores ; which in all were about - Beto! © conic: | ud - - There were feven Fettebre.of the Neck; which mea- furedinlength 42 Inches. The firft: or Atlas, had two broad traníverfe proceffes, but no fpeéne. ‘The fecond had . a broad large /pzne. ‘The third, fourth, fifth, had no - pines; the fixth, and feventh, had large acute ones. There were nineteen Vertebre of the back; the /pines of the firft, fecond, and third, were about three Inches long; but they graduaHy decreafed, as they approached the Tayle. ‘The firít Vertebra of the Os Coccygis, was two Inches long. butI thought, that firftit might have been feveral ; tho’ now ‘twas but one bone. There were about fix Vertebremore ; which ran no farther then the extent of the Os S/chij. —— | — *Mufeum Regal. Societat. p. 27. - Phere us [ 382] There were fourteen Ribs of eachfide, "The Os Sterni jutted out about an Inch, beyond the fettingon of the . "The Scapula was fiveInches long. The Os femoris of the fore foot, 5 4 Inches long. The Os Tzbze of the fore foot, about the fame length in the whole: but from the juncture with the Os femoris, to the 0s Metatarfi twas but four Inches. For from thejuncture with the Thagh-bone, it jutted out further asin the Fig. The bones of the Tar- {us were five: of the Metatar/us three, about two Inches~ — long. ‘The bones of the Dzgz£ nine ; there being three, toeach Claw; and three Jaws on each fore foot. The Os femoris of the hinder foot, was almoft fix Inches long ; and near it's jun&ure with the Os Tibe it hada — {mall bone, like the Patella in the knee of a Man. In > the leg here were two bones: the Focile majus, and minus fiveInches, and half long. But this part in the fore leg was only a fingle bone ; tho’ in a Dog, a Munky and fome other Animals there are two bones in the fore-/eg likewife. The Os Calcis was almoft two Inches long; and there were four other bones of the Tar/us or inftep. * The Metatarfus or foot was compofed of four bones; but the two inwardmoft much the largeft ; being 2 + long; there werefour Zigiti $ in each three bones; whereofthe . laft was covered with a Nazz/. e UM The | [383] | "The Explanation of the Figures; 1 2b. x, Fig. 1. Reprefents the natural fhape of this Afexico Hog: and the es marked (4) points to the Scent Gland, onthe hitider part of the ack, Fig.2. Givesa view of thé Seeleton, _ 4 The fore Teeth or Jncifores. 6 The Tusk, . cec The Grinders, or ALolaves. d The Lower Jaw. ae e That part of the Lower Jaw, which was carious, fThé Cranium —— 8 The Orbit of the Eye, | b The Porus Aadstorius, or paffage to the Eare, 2 The traingular Expanfion of the Craniam backbards. _k TheVertebre of the Neck. 11 The Vertebva of the Back and Loyns. _ m The Vertebre of the Os Corcygis. _ on The Ribs. 2s o The protuberant bone of the Sterzum.. - p The Seapula or fhoulder blade. - 4 The Os /fchzj. E n rr The Os Femoris or Thigh bones. — f The Patella of the hinder legs; t The Tzbia of the fore leg. v A large protuberancy of the Tibie. . wThe' Tibia or Foffile majus of the hinder leg. x The Fitala or Foffile minus of the hinderleg, 3 y The Tarf{us or Inftep on both fegs. 5 | e TheCalx ot lieel in thehinder leg, aaa "The bones of the AZetatar{us or Foot. 666 The Digitz or Toes, y y y The Nails, Fiz, 3. Shews the Orifice of the Scent Gland, as it naturally appeared on the outfide of the Skin of the backs which from fome fmall refem- blance it had, impofed on all almoft hitherto, to beleive it an Umbs- licus, ot Navel alittle fpace round this Orifice was almof bare of Brifiies. : : | Fig, 4. Exactly reprefents, in it's natural dimenfions, the See Gland : Eee + it a [384] | it rel which was Conglomerated, or es Ped: of abundance of M. fer glandules. - : 9nd Fig. 5. In this Schemeare delieneated moft of the Vi aa in the belly ; $ . being taken out of thebody. Where A The Qefopbagus or Guillet, — B The firft Ventricle ot Stomack. C The fecond Ventricle or Stomack. d d The Cornua or horns of. the fecond Stomack. E The third Stomack. | f The Pylorus. | ggg. The Jvteflina tenuia, or fmall guts, yon H HH. The Colon. : PE i TheCeum, - yor SH k The "Rectum, — 7 The Menfentery, - "mm The Meferaick bru a The Pancreas. e The Spleen, . P Tha Liver, + 4 The Dutins of the Gall from the xc dads tothe Diwideni. Tab. $1 _¥Fig.t. Regiréfents the Stomack opened. - — A The Oefophagus or gula, - _&The entrance of the G ula,or gullet i into the firft ae | C C Theinfideof the firft Stomack, which Was invefted vith di (trong thick white pellicle or membrance. | .-[D D The fecond Stomack, é rae The third Stomack in es were remarkale eal Pica or olds, | f The Pylorus. Fig.2, Reprefents the outfide of the three Stomacke nore i mn their nd- tural ‘Situation: ant e | px A The Gola, © ' : n 2 The firft Stomack. : C The fecond Stomack, La Ian fay ^D Phethird'Stbmack, 1-5 ^59 peer E The Pylorus, ver MEOS {ff The blood Veffelss | 53 Fh. 3 Reprefents the Genital parts, and the t binden k | A The bladder of rise, _B The neck of the Bladder, ip C 'Ehe Ureters, : D D The Teftes, ot Stones. 3 : ee The Vasa deferentia, | ff TheVeficule feminales, which here were glandulous. . g The Caput Gallinaginis, where the Veficule feminales, and afa defes riniia empty themfelves intothe Urethra. hh Two glandulous bodies, which poffibly may be reckoned the Proflata. 4 The orifices by which thefe plandutous bodies yii themfelve into- the Urethra. K The Urethra opened, uL The Penss. J4 M 'Y'wo Mufcles belonging to the Penis, av NW Other ‘Mufclesafiifing to the fame, Fir. Es Shews the heart, and the Avenue of the Arteria Aorta, or . great Artery. \ ATheheart. — - -£ 5 The afcending branches of the great Artery. - c The defcending Trunk of the great Artery. D The firt Anenrifma, or diftinCtion of the great Artery opened to. few its feveral cells within. | eA wr of the Artery again. f The fecond Anenyifna opened likewife. - _- g The third or fmalleft 4veurifma, — hh The ue unes of the great deu B UU Tur Be e-2 he a Be [336]. Recherches Curieufes, (o. Curious Refearches of Antiquity, contained in divers Differ-. tations concerning Medalls, Bafe Releife, Statues, Mo- | fade-morks, and Infcriptions of the Auctents: Enriched with agreat number of Brafs Cuts. By Monfr. Spon Dr. of Phyfick at Lyons, 1683. in quarto. | 7 Ve excellent Phyfitian and curious Traveller Dr. . 4 Spon, having in his preface to thefe Refearches re- -- commended the prefent Age, from the good per- - . formances of the Divines and Lawyers in their réfpe&tive faculties , and from the happy inventions in hisown Pro-- feffion, asthe Circulation of the blood, the ze La/ec, Quinquina, and feveral others, and alfo from Philofophi- cal difcoveries, fuch as the weight of the Air, and force of burning Metallins devices for Divers, Ge. defcends to the juft praife of our late Antiquaries, Se- _ guten, Sbanbeim,Patin andVatllant,and then affyres us that what he gives usin his differtations, is altogether new, and. the happy advantages of his Travels. ^^. The Frontifpeice of the book is contrived to repre- dent divers forms of Antiquity, as the Triumphal Stru- cture at St. Remy in Provence of the Corinthian order; a Ee- male figure of exquifite Drapery in the fame place; Coraelta- Vallecella: alarge Urn of white Marble wreathed with Ivy and Vines, a*Bird picking off the Grapes. The No-. ble Pyramid at Vienna in Dauphine, which our Author would have erected as a Cenotaph in honor of O&avzus - Auguftus. Next the Amphitheater of Tztus at Rome; whichis alfo expreft in a coyn of Alex. Severus in the poffeflion of Segnior Genette. 7. The Temple of fzno. Martialis from the Medal of Volufianus. 8. Minerva’s. Temple at 4bens , of which Dr. Sponand his noble com-. - panion Sir George Wheeler, treat largely in-their Greek... Voyages. 9. A Roman Statue at Mar/ezles: 10: The 0- . belzjc lately found at Arles, which is fully defcribed toge- . ther with Venus, of the fame city by Mr. Terrecn, And I ; : be- — Dou | [59433 befidesthefe, a Roman Zagle, and a very elegant Chapter obíerved in the ruins of Jaffus in Afia minor. | a. The fitft differtation of Dr. Spon, illuftrates an An- cient round Buckler of maffive Silver, fifh'd out of the Rhone near Avignon 1656.0f 21 pound weight, and 20 inches French in Diameter, conlecrated in memory of the mof vertuous $vzpzo Africanus his reitoting a fair captive to dluctws Prince of Celtzberta, who had ef- poufed her. He upon this occafion reminds us of the Silver Buck. . ler of A(drubal, weighing 138 pounds, taken by Luczus Martius. The ten Silver Bucklers and one Golden of P/z- . tip {on of Demetrius, which adorned the triumph of 7ztus uintius. The x2 Silver-guilt Bucklers dedicated in. the Confulate of fuses and Brutus. He alfo repre- dents the forms of fuch votive difques from feveral Coyns of dugufius, Tibertus and Vefpafan, thereby to: confirm his own opinion again{t the ingenious Author. of Fournal de Scavans , who fuppofes it a Bafin. This - Buckler is near a 1900 years old; now in the hands of - Mg. Mey of Lyons. Yt is charged with Sczpzo half mantled -grafping his Pike ; Roman officers attending, with the Bearded $panzards, íupplicating for the fair Virgin, (for. "the Romans did wear no beards from the 454 year of the — city, till the Emperor Zadrzaz :) and alfo with the Spa- - nilh and Roman Arms, | mS The Emblematick figures, Herma, Genius, Satyrus & | Sylvanus, expreft in old Mofazc work, 20 foot long: | and 1o broad, found in the Vineyard of Mr. Caffair. | of Lyons, caufe a large difcourfe, as concerning the: | Afarota, or the Ancient Greek pavements of Stone, | reprefenting the furniture orreliquesofa feaft, fo of the | Lathoflrata, opera teffellata, € pavimenta fecitla, making - . up feveral figures of beafts and plants, by thecompac&ure : | ot {mall divers coloured ftones or glafs.. Which | artifices were called Mo/azc, or Mufiva in S partzaui Pe- | [eennio, not from Mofes, but the Greek pura and wem : : “or elfe becaufe elegant pieces are. attributed a / | | the | | Sa Y i | i \ I I | | | E von munis Je the Mufes. ‘The’ rooms where the Z7terati conven'd be- ing at firft fo adorned. ‘Accordingly in the Church of St. Jréneus. at Lyons is to be feen a pavement Mo/aic of ‘1000 years Antiquity, which expreffes Khetorick, Logick and Ethics. © The firft ofthefe pavements amongft the Romans, was that of the Temple of Fortune, laid by: Sylla - 170 years before Chrift’s birth.” Afterwards the Roman Generals; and particularly fulzus Cefar ufed to carry with him intothe Army fuch pieces for the decoration'of their: lodgings. Andoffach thelearned Dr? Spon hath found great plenty in Greece, and in aly, and in France. But in fpecial he praifes, befidesfome late imitations at the Godlens in Parts, thofe in the Dome at! Sienna: the grand work inthe Monaftery of St. Remze at Rheins : deícrib- ed by Berger: that of the Cathedral Church at Nezms, of which fee Poldoi andthe Mofatc guilt'of St. Mark's at Venice. And then concludes with fome infcriptions to Sylvanus, and others touching Opera Albaria & Quadra- tarza. QE | 4 3 Nest follows his difcourfe on the Palmyrene Figures and inícriptions, preferved at Rome in Greek and Sy- riack. ‘The former to this fenfe: 'To the honourof Azle. bolus and Malachbelus, that is the Sun and Moon accor- ding to our Author, the Dezttes of hiscountry LE. Avrelzus | Fleliodorus, fon of Antiochus of Palmyra or Hadriania, de- dicated this Marble, and a Statue of Silver, or Signum. with its ornature, for the prefervation of himfelf, his | wife, and children, on the month PerztZus (or February) in the (Seleuctan) year 547. under the Emperor Aurelzan, - 4.0 years before Cenobia, the valiant, learned, and beauti-^ ful Queen of the aforefaid Palmyra;to whofetime Mr- Petite refers that Infcription in his explication of the Syriack writing. Wherein he hath not fatisfied the curious Mr. Galland: becaufe it is more then probable the Syriack- expreffes the fame with the Greek. As we fee feveral Ro-- man Monuments bear the fame fenfe both in Greek and in Latin. And Dr. Spon gives us another Infcription with the figure of the Sun, and an Eagle at his breaft, confes 4. Baas Ca , : PTS SU | crated "E 32 d - d] n | M [389] | crated by Claudius felix Calbienfis in theLatine andPalmy- . rene Languages. Then concludes with feveral Marble de- dications SOLJ INVICIO MIT HRAE not before publifh t; noting out of Lactantius, that the Perfians reprefented their Mithra by a Lyons head Crown d. . 4. The fourth differtation. explaineth the excellent ‘Monument at Aome of the Fratres Arvales: concerning their offering, for the profperity of the Emperor 7z-. fpafían and his fon Tzu»; a Bullto Jupiter : to Queen Fu- . 210, Minerva, & Salus a Cow to each; and admires the zeal of Nefor and hisPyliaus,in offering nolefsthen 45000 . Oxento Neptune. .— à .$. The marriage of Cupid and P/yche is celebrated in. his fift difertation, taken from a Gemme of Mr. de Ba- garis, the work of Trypho. Where P/yche, or the foul, wingedlikea Butterflie ( which is alfo 4vxiamongft the Greeks;) leads his vail'd Bride,the emblem of the Paf-- fions, by an Indiffoluble chain on hisright hand, and: aFlambeauintheleft. Then he gives us three or four: Cuts more, where the departing foul, par levibus ventes . volucrique frmillima fomno, is veprefented by a Butterflie | " upon the wing: animadverting that in fome Roman Mo- . numents, P/yche is made theBride and embraced by (upzd, _ themind by the brutal foul; of which fee Fulgentius & E-- v Piphanzus Her. 36. ird: + 6'The next Plate furnifhes us with divers Statues without: armsand heads,mounted upon fquarePillars called Ferme - 6 Termini, from the figures of Mercurzus Trevius. With | thefe Athens abounded, and to this day Rome fhews fever- . - al GreekCaptains, Poets and Philofophers in thatforme. _ In fpecial the Hermanubzs with vota publica, in a Coyn of: julian the Emperor and Philofopher, is worth notice : be-- _ ing headed like a dog, and bearing in the right hand a Sz/- trum, inthe left a Caduceus, and on his fhoulders a Man- #le. To which fafhion Tertullian alludes in his jeftupon the. ‘Senator, Nunc quoque cumfiftro faciem portare caninam. On. the reveríe is the Z4poflate bearded as he lov'd, with a dedi : zn ! Nd Mo- L390] ; Modius upon hishead;as befitting the infcriptiom, Deo Sera- picti. Likewife the figure of the Herma theneis rare, though the name be frequent. He ends his differtation with a re- mark of Sal/mafius, that amongf the Antients many Gods’ were of both Sexes. As Luna € Lunus, Bacchus & Baccha, Liber @ Libera or Ceres: Aphroditus 8 Aphrodita, and. thence Hermaphrodita; and in Latine Venus mas@ femina. — | join | _ 7 After he treats of the Egyptian Zerpecrates & Fermarpocrates: with his. forefinger ow his mouth, fit- ting fometimes upon an Eftrich, commonly on the Lotus tree, furrounded in fome gems with the Planets in form of Birds moving im /7g222 4ither: and. with Characters, partly Greek, partly Egyptian, according to the fancy of the Guoffics , of which fíee.Macariz Aoraxas. "Yo thefe: he: fubJoynes gna Panthea, and Statues of Dis, tm , "a que eratomnia dea: and tells us that upon. the. walls moftin the dancesof the Phrygzan Cybele.. But. thetruma- . w of Hadrianople, he efpied the following. infcription con- cerning providence, exte Arkelan Y. cormnce. » . & The Cymóala. of the Ancients. were two hallow hemz/— pheres of Brafs- or filver; ftruck one:againft the other, ufed: za and Crotala were like our Caflanets : to- which anfwere — edi the 6r45//a. and. Scatella, for the-feet: ‘The: Zympana, | ourlimbrels, were a Syrzan invention. The G£baraatriane | gulat- /Zarp,; the Lyra, one: bounded with $S..as com-- monly im the: Statnes: of pollo, and: the: Saftram, im: fhape like. a Racquet, ctofled- with three: loofe: wiresof Brafs,proper to: the ceremonies of fis... and a 9. The fquare houfe: at Neems,, 74\foot long, and 4r and: a half broad, was: not: built for. a Pretorium; ot a. Capitol orCouncil-honfe; as: Po/Zle:d dlbenas conceiv ds e But by the front: with its Zyzunum; and by the numberof its Pillars; 6 in front, andon each fide: rr; appears to: be a. Temple: not unlike that. of Mimerva and» Thefeus at E XA ~ Athens, the Porchor Bronaon being: one: third of the, whodlelength,. The lixesistmbe faiditonching: oe : Euoil - — | . delavie at Vienna in France: namely that it wasa Temple of the Columnage called Monopteros. 10. This differtation comprifes the judgment of the excellent Mr. de Pyrefe concerning the marriage Ring of Tecla; of an ounce weight in Gold, and infcrib'd Tec- _ la vivat Deo feo, as the Chriftian then did clinch. . 11 There was found at Lyons four years agoe, a thumb Ring of Gold of one Memorinus, weighing four Luy- dors and a half. Which confirms what Pliny faith Jib. 33. that the Romans at length efteemed themfelves from the _ weight of their Gold rings: which were before the honour of Embaffadours only, the reft wearing Iron. Whence Dr. Spon refers usto Gorleus's Dattylotheca, Abraxas Chifle- £/?, and the Inventorie of the famous Pyreftius; where amongfít others was a Brafs Ring bearing a Medal of fu- tan the Emperor, whofe reverfe was [fs Faria. . The zz. explains an elegant Medal of Severus and his Lady $ulta Domna: not Domina, tor Salmafius will have ^it a Syriack word. She isthus ftil'd as in many Medals, : foina fair Infcription in the Galerze of the Duke of Tus- cay , brought thither from 7zg7;. On the reverfe, the fu- rious God of Wine, ina Charet triumphs over the Orient, (which Severus alfo conquerd) drawn by apair of Lao- pards, and himfelf bearing a Leopards skin on his left, and a pot inhis right hand; coyn'd at Se/eucza upon Palycad- nus, ‘Vhischapter ends with a good Monument of $eve- rus found near S¢don in Syria. git 13. Of ancient pictures, which are rarely found: and only in water colours, ( for oyl painting is but a late invention ) this worthy Phifitian mentions the nup- tials in Portzs Aldobrandznis; & Rome triumphant, lately found in the Sepulcher of the Nafonzan family, nearto the Amphitheater of Titus, and reprefented to the publick by Bellonius. Where you have Roma victrix, fitting with a x ; Ed Pike E392] Pikeamongft feveral other Arms: not unlike Minervae (as fhe is alfo expreft inCoyns both Latinand Greek, andSoul- diersattending. One of which holds hafta pura in his left hand, and leads with hisright an horfe, without fad- dle or ftirrups. The want of which, Azppocrates and Galene make the caufe of feveral pains and maladies in the legs, which the Scythians and Romans were affiéted with. Before this triumphant horfe aretwo L7fores with their faces, which were inftruments both of State and Juftice, -and ferved to thefe fevere fentences: Colliga manus, virgis cede, plette fecuri. Of thefe the Dictators had 24, theCon- ‘fuls 12, the Procontfuls 6, and the Praetores "Urbium 2. 14. Lhistreatsof a navis Frumentaria, or the reverfe of arare Coyn of Commodus; who every year fent Victual- lers to Africa, as Lampridius affures us. 13. The next is the learned Mr. Galland his accurate de- {cription of a Coyn of Tribonian, fent trom Smyrna to Pa- ris; which bears 24pollo Clarius with his Lyre within a four columnd" Temple, and an Ox at his Altar. Then for Smyr- na and the 12 Cities of fonza, perfons with their hands lift up, 7? xonividwv, as the Coyns calls them ; in the Rimme whereof. we read, im XA, deis] avos iepews idvay xoNoQoriey, | ikewife a Medal of the Antonines, wowir vy. rina artüdikos xul Qpovray d. x. à) co Ido . Ly. WAY. | ; : Me. ) 16. You have the letter of the excellent «Ar. Red? of - Florence, that Spectacles were invented about the year 1300. from the teftimony of. a Chronicle of the convent of St. Catherina at Pifa, nno 1313. Frater Alexander de Spi- na vir modeflus S bonus , quecunque vidit aut audivit fac- £a, fcivit et facere. Orularia ab aliquo primo fatta: © come municare nolente; ipfe fectt, €$ communtcavit corde bilara 8. volente." And from the preamble of a treatife made Anno 1299. di governo della famiglia de Scan dro di Pipoxxo. Mi £ruovo cofi gravofo di anni chez non arei valenza. di leggiere e firivere fanxa vetri appellati Oktalz truovati novellamente TOP per te | [393] | per commodita dell: pouveri veli, quando afiebolano del vede- re. AndalfofromaSermonot Fryar Fordan de Rivalto | that died at Placenza Anno 1311. which is quoted in the Dictionary de /a Crufca,in the word Occhtale, viz. It is not 20 years fince the Art of making Spectacles was found out, which much mends the fight : and is indeed one of . the beft and moft neceffary inventions in the world. .^Soone after 1305. Mr Bernard Gordon in his Lilium medt- cine thuscommendsa certain Eye-falve: Et efl tante vir- . tutis, quod decrepitum faceret legere literas minutas abfque oculartous. And Anno 1363. Guido the Chirurgian, after - propofing feveral Co/lyria , faith: If thefe or.the like will nordo, you muft make ufe of Spectacles. .17 This rendersan account to the moft illuftious Ange- lo Maurofrni, of Antoninus Pius his Bras Coyn, from his Cabinet, prefenting the three Godeffes on mount Jda, and Mercury with the Shepherd Parzs ftanding below, having. on a Pbrygian Cap, not unlike the Ducal Crown of | Fenice. . x i: .18 'The.Dzj manes employ thisdiffertation, being ra- » ther a Roman then a Grecian fuperftition; whence the ""Intbropomorphites took their Herefie. — r9. The Brazen Urn of moft elegant Sclupture here defcribed , Dr. Spon gave to Mr. Galliard, and tor this caufe treatsat large of Sepuchrale Urnes:whereby (after the Romans had introducd from Greece the falhion: of burning their dead ) both infection was avoided, and the afhesof their friends preferved inthe family. They likewife fometimes made ule of A/beffos and Amianthus, {pun intot read for napkins,to preferve in the midft of the flames the feperate and intire afhes of their relations. Dr. Gunebault, whohath defcribed the Tomb of Chyndo- max, fawin a Venetian cabinet aquarter of an ell - of that Linnen. Such ftonesare frequent enough in Ne- ; Epica | gro- , | L394] gropont, Cypros; Tenor, and other places. Yet the Ro- ‘mans were not very careful to feparate the humane afhes from the teft; but put fometimes coals and all into the Urn. TheUrnsot King Demetrius, and the Emperour Trajan were of Gold, and that found of late under the ftately Column that yet bears the name of Marcellus, was of Silver. The Emperor Severus’s was. of Gold, or ac- cording to Die of. Porphyrie: or of Alabafier as Hero- dian reports, which that Emperour provided before- hand. .Urns of glafs are frequent in the Cabinets of thecurious. The moft common are potters earth: and Ihave feen great numbers of them at Kome of Stone and Metal, and of Marble. The Urnsare of all figures, . butufually round and bellyed : thofe of Metal are gene- rally are embellifht with Sculpture and Bafereleifs. Mr. Dafour hath received two from Egypt of Pot-earth be- fet with Hieroglyphicks, and fill'd with Mummie: which is - fare enough from that place where embalming was of general ufe. Thefe Urns for perfons of quallity were either fet under Marble Monuments, or elfe in the niches of Sepulchral Vaults. Such as that at Nems, fuppofed to be the Charnal of the Antonine family. Not far from Droll, at the opening of an Hillock or Burrough, (of . which there are two or three thereabouts ) underanheap of loofe ftones were found feveral Earthen and Glats Urns full of afhes; and alfo many {mall links of Gold, | fuppofed to be the reliques of the antient Gauls. 5 The 20. isthe Monument of the noble Pontims fon of | - Nidefonfus at Neimes, Anno Dom. 1203. ritual The one and twentieth is a Female head of brafs big- ger then the life, bearing a tower: which was dug outof — Mr. Berriers houfe near St. Fuffache. at Paris; fuppofed - to be 7//;, the Titular Goddefs of the City, whofe an- . cient Arms was accordingly a Ship. For J/s was Prefi- - dent of the Sea, And when (badebert built the Abby : | E x s of / | [ 395] : of St. German near the place where 4/s Temple ftood, he put her Idol in a hole of the wall, which remaind till - . 1514. Whence in the old Charter the Abby is faid to be founded, zn urbe Parzfiaca prope muros civitatis in terra, que afbetlat ad fifcum lfacenfem. So that the Doétor would have Paris come from eta ie... AS Lutetia or Lu- cotetia from Luétes. Then follows a very learned dif- courfe of the excellent Mr. Fe/che, concerning a rare - Coynof Pylemenes Euergeta, King of Paphlagonta and a friend to the Romans, impreft with an Ox bead. Both which he refers to ///s : becaule the Paphlagonzans came originally from Egypt. Pylemenes being from the time of Homer the ufual name of the Kings of that Country, As Ariarathes of the Cappadocians, Arfaces of the Par. thians, Abgarus of the Ofrboentans, Mithridates of the Ponts, and Sylvzus for Alba longa: and Euergetes, an Epitbete much affected by the Kings. of Egypt, Syria, and 4f, both greater and leffer; like as Ore/anges amongtt the Perfans, with which Artaxerxes honoured Morda-. cat. dents | .. .23. This expounds a large Infcription in the Palace Pa- leftrine at Rome, of a certain Hofpitable Colledge, inftitu- - . ted and endowed in the Temple of Efculapius, by Sal- . via Marcellena, Anno Dom. 134. full fraught with fubjects of Antiquity and Chronology. And alfo a large Mo- nument at Pwteolz, of the Colledge of the Dendrophoré, or Woodmongers ftyLd Fabr? Dendroforz, in a Roman ine. Ícription. Such were the Carpenters or Tectones con- demn'd by the Theodofian Code: though Salmafins makes them a fuperftitious Convention. (BE _ From the 24 differtation we learn the ufe of ancient — Medals, Pictures and Statues, (of which Varro, 7. Cefar; and dlex. Severus were great. Collectors ) as to other Stu- dies, foefpecially to Phyfognomy. Nature having im- 3h : à | print. | | [396] | Pai printed in the countenance certain Aits and conformati- ons, which difcover the grand inclinations of the mind. In this Art the famous Campanella was a great matter, as Mr. Choner relates in the life of Boz/et. Hence Ni- eius. Erythreus tells us, that B. Stephanius the Poet had the fame features with the Statues of Virgz/. Others ob- ferve, that Numa Pompilius and Antoninus Pius refembled each other in face and manners. And that the Chancel- lor Ho/pitalius, a great Philofopher, was like the-figure of Ariftotle. The face of Alexander M. upon his Coyns,his eyes fet high and gteat, with his chin thruft out, fpeak him haughty, earneft, and couragious, as Plutarch remark'd from the Phyfiognomifts. ‘The frizld hair of Pompey, - . and hisforward countenance, fhew his ftoutnefs and am- bition. The temperament and difpofition of 7. Ce/ar | is read in his Coynes, as diverfe have obferved, and at length Dr. Andreas out of Argolt. Marc. Antoninus his double chin fhews his love of pleafure. The Air of King Fuba argues him cruel and arrogant. The good features of Auguftus declare an excellent mind, a mixture of fweet- neís and prudence and courage. The little eyes of Nero, his thick neck, his throat and chin conjoyn'd, were no- .good figns tothe Romans: and the ftature of Maxzmi- nus and narrow chin befpake his cruelty. — — | 25. Hete Mr. Labrune gives atlarge the Rabbznes fenti- ments concerning the miraculous Rod of Mofes. $Fona- than Benuziel, and the Author of Butl donotremember, that I have any where feen any Monument of them more ancient than the Mantle- | tree here defcribed. 3tutaed dis oe! | --- The fides of the Chimny, by which the Mantle-tree is fupported, areof ftone: But the Mantle-tree it felf is of | Wood, whetherof Oak, I cannot fay, or rather (as it | feems to. me )'of. fome other hard wood, which by | being kept perpetually Dry, and Smoaked, is become as | Durable. -And it may yet ( for ought appears) fo pre- ! ferved, continue for fome hundreds of years more.’ For | Idid not difcern in it, any thing either of Worm, or | | of Rottennefs, or any tendency to it. Bou 93 | © Itisall overas Blackas Ink (but not Gloffy ;) not fo | painted, but having by Age and Smoke contracted ? that colour. jud. 3 so Uhelength of it, AB, is. five Foot, nine inches: Its | Breadth or Depth, at the ends, (as AC, BD,J. is one 1| Foot, (or rather eleven inches and a half£;) but at the | middle, as EF, fomewhat lefs ; being fomewhat hollow- | ed, Arch-wife. | | 1) -leisoallcarved from end to end. ‘The lower part lof. it isabated, in hike manner as in the Mouldings of other Cliimnies- ; Onthe tront of the upper part, is, in ' hl n s. : H A d RAE AMO Lil2 \ "t - * CPU QJ [402]. | the one half, the Sculpture of a Dragons Head, and Wings, ( but, for the reft of the Body, it is foabated as the Ípace would permit:/ In the other half, there is( begin- | ning at the middle) on three fquares parted from each | other by a deep furrow or channel, thedate as itishere | expreffed ; and, on a fourth, a Flower; On a fifth, the | two letters 77. R. within an Efcocheon, reprefenting(I © {uppofe ) thename of him to whom. it did then belong. | And then, in twolefler fquares as the {pace would per- ^ mit (oneovertheother) Flowers, as before. The Let- . . ters and Figures, on their feveral fquares, are not in- © graved or cut in, but prominent ( by way of bas-relief) | the wood being abated round aboutthem. The oover | the A, is a round o; but that over theM, is a f.uare | 9; and partof this g hath been lately pared off with a | knife, by fome body ( it feems) whohad a mind to fee of © what colour the wood is underneath;and itappearsthere; | not fo black as the reft, but fufcous of a dusky fmoke co- | lour. And this, as Iremember, is all the defacing that | appears in the whole Mantle-tree. © TAE 3 I have given you this particular account of it; and © cauíed it to be thus exactly delineated; that, upon the . whole matter, you may fee how little reafon there 1s 10 | fufpect any thing of forgery or impofture in it. d Henceitappears, that the ufe of fuch figures here in - England , not only in Aftronomical Tables, and other |. like pieces of Learning, but even on ordinary occaftons, | is at left as ancient as the year 1133; which was the | 33" yearof King Henry the firft. Aud I judge it to § have been yet fomewhat ancienter, becaufe thefhape of © the figures, though not come juft to the fhape which we | now ufe, was even then confiderably varied: from thé" | fhape of the Arabick figures; which argues they had | then been for fome timein ufe ; fuch change of fhape in | figures and letterscoming on gradually withtime. —. The foot of the figure 3 being turned backward, | makes it more refemble the Arabick figure (which is | much the fame with this, fave that what here ftands up y right, hy | i13 | ios [403] oe right, doth there ly. flat ; 7 and I. find it fo conftant- ly in many of theancient Manufcripts before the ufe of Printing came in. | Nor need it move any fcruple at all, that part of the number is expreffed by the numeral Letter M, ( or the word Millefime, of which M? is but a contraction; ) while the reft is exprefíed in numeral figures. For the like, doth oft occur in old Manufcripts; and, fome- times, even at this day. And it doth rather favour the fimplicity of that Age, (not very nice in fuch things, efpe- Vin amongít Mechanicks) than any defign of. impo: hares Jd33rd181 (5j | If you, or your friends, lighton any fuch Monument ofequalor greater Antiquity than this; you may pleafe to impart it, to heus Novem. Y6. 1683. mofiy bio | Yours, &c. (Lo; A Letter from Mr, Flamfteéd concerning’ the. Ec: clipfes of Saturns Satellit’s for the year following. 1684 with a Catalogue of them, and informations tonternidp its nfe 2% suse spa Seba 20 nme , STR, T He ufes of the following Catalogue of all the £- M ^ clipfes.ot fupiters Satellits inthe following year 7- extending much further then that of a few only vi- fible with us,» which you were pleafed to think worthy a place in the: September Tranfatizons; Y find my felf ne- ceffitated to give you a larger account both of it, and its Original; which Ihope will be as kindly entertaind by you as that was. Te" Ithas been my cuftome for fome years paft to make my felf quarterly a fmall Epbemeris of the Eclipfes of Fu- piters Satellit: vifible with us, that fo noneof them might — efcape me unobíerved when the weather permitted ; having by this means obtained a good ttock of obferva- tions of them of my own, befides what I had collected from the Works of Galileo, Hodzerna, Borelli, the pa- — pers of Mr. Rooke late profeffer of Geometry at Grefbam — €olledge, (happily preferved and kindly imparted to me by his once intimate freind, and one of my honoured Patrons, the Right Reverend Set Lord Bifhop of Sarum,) and thecommunications of my honourd freinds and co- refpondents Monfieur Ca/finz, and Mr. Towneley. Ifound my felf well furnifhed, as I thought, for the reftitution © of their motions, which as I have formerly told you I - ‘atempted laft Summer, and accomplifhed with fuch fuccefs; that having feen only 2 of the predicted Eclzpfes of the firft Satel/zt, I find neither of them differ above 2 | Minutes from my calculations. Ihave alfo obferved one of the third, not above 3 Minutes faulty , and another of the fecond erring but two; which makes me hope the ! iu- ee A [405] d inequaliiy Hfufpected in this laft, will not be found fo — . largeasI feared it might be: after I had finifhed the Ta- " bles of their Mean Motions, 1íet my felf to Calculate o- - thers for finding the true times of their return to the . Heliocentrical Conjunction of 7 inall places of his Or- bite, with fomeother which I forefaw would be requifite for the eafie Calculation of their Eckpfer : having this in readinefs, and being encouraged with the aforefaid good fuccefs, of my endeavours, I refolved to Calculate all the Eclip/es of the following year 1684. and to im- part them to the publik, if you confented, 1n the Tracts; . they being much defired both at homeand abroad,thatífo - not only our freinds here, who havea refpect for Novelties _ ofthis fort, but fuch forreigners alfo as are Studious of - ftronomy and Geography, or thofe of our own people who Travail into remote Countries, and fhall be accomoda- ted with inftruments for this purpofe, may have the - apportunity of foreknowing fuch appearances, as, if obferved, will certainly fhew the difference of Merzdians betwixt them and us. And I muftconfefs it is fome part of ‘my defign, to mae our more knowing Seamen de icd of thatrefuge of Ignorance, their Idle and Impudent — affertion that the longitude 15 not to be found, by offering them an expedient that will affuredly afford it, if their Ignorance, Sloth, Covetoufnefs, or Ill-nature, forbid them not to make ufeof whatispropofed. __ a ~~ Thofe of them that pretend toa greater talent of Skill then others, will acknowledge that 1t might be attained by Obfervations of the Moon ifwe had Tables that would ‘anfwer her Motzons exactly ; but after 2000 years expe- rience( for we have fome Obfervations of Eclipfes much ancienter ) we find the beft Tad/es extant erring fome- "times 12 Minutes or more in her apparent place, which . would caufe a fault of ahalf an hour, or 72 degrees in 'the longitude deduced by comparing her place in the Heavens with that given by the Tables : I undervalue not this Method, for I have made it my bufinefs, and have "fucceeded in it, toget alarge ftock of good Lunar 05- f era [406] fervations in order to the correction of her Theory, and. as a ground work for better Iables; but the examinati- on. will be a, work of ,a long time, and-if we fhould happily afterwards. attain, what. we, feek, yet. the .. Calculation will befo perplexed and tedious, that it will * be found much niore inconyenient and difficult then that I propofe by obferving the J£/pfes of .Fupiters Satellets . which however at prefent I muftprefer. |... .. ForIam perfuaded, that the Eclzp/es of, the firft. will {carcely be found above 4 Minutes of time different from my Calculation in the Catalogue, nor thofe of the third above twice‘as much; Now an errour of 4 Minutes can- not caufe a fault of more then one degree in the Longztude collected by comparing an obferved Jngre/s of the firft Satellit into 7:* {hadow or emerfion from it, with the time given in the Catalogue ; and I hope it willícarce ever be found toerrío much. But if the fame Ec/zpfe may be ob- ferved in two diftant places at the fame time, or com- .- pared with an obfervation of the fame /azellit made within a Week elfewhere, the di&erence of Merzdians will be had fomething better then by comparing two ob- - fervations of the fame phafis of a Lunar Eclipje, made — | in diftant places. _ Ac e M UM run sil. ECL For whereas it is fomewhat difficult by reafon of the Penumbra to determine the true time of the application of . either of the Moons limbs to the fhadow, the Satellits - 2 Eclipfes, eípecially thofe of the firft, arealmoft.momen- —— tany. v. C "n p. Jis And whereas there can rarely happen 4 Eelipfes of the Moon vifible the fame year, thofeof the Saze/lzts hap- pen fo frequently, that there are more of them vifible - in one year then we count days in it, the the Planet 77 lie mig ender the Suns raies every year a whole moneth to- “gether. » : ! ily Serica I know our Navigators will object again this Me- thod, thatit is difficult to practice at Sea, becaufe long Lele/copes are required which the Motion of the Ship will not permit them to manage aboard, that-it is hard to. di- - Li xeu cT ums TM M ftinguifh one, Satelit from ; another, and that Tales or Os - ther contrivances for fhewing their Mutual poficions are here wanting ; to which L anfwer. Thatif it be not practicable at Sea they, cannot deny bur itisatland; That the true longitude of remote Coaflr from.us are. ‘the firít thing defired for the correction of their Garts ; let them attempt thefe firit, and. I doubt not but the fuccefs will encourage them fo much, that they will readily find meansto put it inpracticeatSea. That the French have ufed this method fuccesfully both in Den- mark and their own Country; That a Zelefcope of 14 foot long at moft, or for need one 8 foot, with broad. eye glaffes, will be fufficient for this purpofe; that the.di-. ficulty canot be known till it be tried, and that ule ren-: - ders many things eafie which our firft thoughts. ‘concea- "ved unpracticable.: | . : ‘That the Sa£ellts may be dud dor by their XN tudes, the third from Z being the biggeft, the firft fome- thing lefs, the. fecond yet lefs than the firft, and the fourth or outermoft.the Ímalleft. . And to their. laft ob- jection, that if I find this method heeded by them, I fhall. take care to publifh eafie Tables for finding their. Configue rations and Eclzpfes in goodtime, I delay it at prefent on nootheraccount, then. that. um further S AR RGR | ald as. yet M Hol bibis, poU KE my. eut Tables will noterre » feniibly, for. half a:dozen years further , and that inthe mean time I may give them a further: corre- &ion by. the.help of fuch Obfervations, asif God. {pare me life and health; I intend to make, whereby they may be rendred. ferviceable for a much. longer time, without Y confiderable faults. As fot the Catalogue itíelf I give in it. fixft the. Moneth, then the day,. sand to: avoid miltakes, I haye prefixed the Hhh* Pla- ~~ GS |. 0408] | Planetary Character for the day of the week to each; then the Hour and Minute ofthe appearance; counted (af ter the Zf/ronomical manner from Noone, and laftly the Number of the Satellit that is Eclipfed with an 7 pe it when itsingrefs, an e when its emerfiun isthe appearance obfervable at that time, And that it may be readily known which of thefe are vifible in our Hlor7zon Thave marked them with a*betwixt the Number and theLetter. Thus in the fixth line of the Catalogue you find. ©6 | 12-29 [4* 1; which fhews that on Sunday the fixth of that Monethat 12" 29' after Noon, the fourth or ut- moft Satellit makes itsingrefs, and is Ec/zpfed in 7s fha- dow; and the Numbers under it | 5-39[ 4*e[| that the fame day 15^ 39 after Noone, or that onthe 7th day at 3^39' in'the Morhing, it again emerges from the fhadow, and becomes vifible betwixt it and the body, and the * ad- ed to them both, fhews that both appearances are vifible — with us. | : If it berequired to know whether any one of thofe in- vifible with us be vifible in any other given place.’ Con- vett the difference of Merzdians betwixt it and London into time. And if the place lieto the Eaft of London, add it to, if to the Welt, fzbfira&t it from the time of the appearance at London, the Sun or difference accor- - dingly flíall be the'true time: of the ^ Ec/7»fe' under that Meridian, at which'if 7 be above the’ Horzzoen the Sun be- neath it, the Zi/zpfeis there vifible;otherwaysmot. ^ ^ -^ 4 ~Or by the help ‘of ‘the’ Ephemerides of the Planets places and a terreftrial Globe, the {pace on 1t in which . any of thefe Eclzpfes will be vifible‘may be found thus.” . Firft feek the true places of the Stn’ and Fupeter with his Latitude $n the Fjbemeredes; wheteby you may find their declinations -and right afceutions either by the vulgar Tables or the Globe it felf exactly enough for this MESI. a ea aa eae 2 1 PBNMENO PRA HET UE Bring London on the Globe to the Meridian, ànd detain- ing itthere note what degree of the quater is cut by it #8 en L » x * 3 * << tet v Ü L4e»] | it From this fubftra& the time of the Eclip/e after Noo converted into degrees and minutes, the remain- der fhews you the Longitude of that Meridian on the earth, where it is then Noon when the Sazellit is Eclipfed; which, I therefore call the Merzdrenal Longitude of the Eehpíé. Bting this Meridional Longitude under the Meridian, and elevate the nearer Pole tothe Sunias much as ishis declination, keep the Globe'm this: pofition and if 7 be in Confequence of the Sun, draw a line on the Globe along the Eaítern Horzzon, it; pafles over all thofe places where the Sun is fetting at that time, but if % be in’ Antecedence of the Sun, draw thé.íaid line on the Globe by the Weiterne Edge of the Horzzon, it paties overall thofe places where the Sun is then arifing. — — fupiter being in Confequence of the Sun add the dif- ferenceof his: and the Sunsright afcentions to the Merz- dional Longitude atorementioned, bring the degree of the 4guator anfwering their fumme under the Merz- dian.. Raifethe Pole next Fupiter equal to his declina- tion, and detaining the Globe in this pofition, draw a line again by the Eaffern Horizon, the {pace intercepted betwixt this and the line of the Suns fettings before de- {cribed on the Glode, Comprehends all thofe places on the earth from Sun fetting till Z is fet. — Butif 7 were in Antecedence of the Sun, Subftra& the difference of his and the Suns right Afcentions from .the Meridional Longitude, fet the degree of the /£4vz- tor anfwering the remainder under the Mercdzan, and elevate the Pole next $upzter equal to his declination.- Keeping the G/obe in this pofition draw a line by the Weftern Edg.of the Horizon, the {pace included betwixt this, and the line of the Sans rifings contains all thofe places, on the Earth where this Eclzp/e is vifible betwixt z* rifing and Sunrife. — : When any Eclépfe of thefe is oblerved, the difference betwixt the noted time and that in the Cetalogwe, fhall pP WII Bum be | [410] be the difference of Meridian: betwixt the place of the obfervation and London which lies fo near.the. 24erz- dian of the Obfervatory that the diftance need not be accounted for. And this determination may berelied . on, if the firft or third Satellzt were obferved; but I dare not be fo confident. of the fecond and fourth for the reafons formerly -given.:|: However I fhall make it my bufinefs to iobferve all fuch Eclzp/es of as many of them as fhall be vifible with us, that by; comparing my obfervations with. fuch as íhall be made abroad, the error, if any ; may bedifcovered and Corrected. When Z isin Quwartzle of. the Sun : the diftance of the firft Sazzeilit from his next limb when it falls into his fhadow, and is Eckp/ed, is one Semzdiameter of Z.. Of thefecond, two or a whole Diameter nearly. Of the third, three. Of the fourth, five of his $emzdiame- ters, or fomething better when th». parallax of. tie Orbeis greateft. But thefe quantities diminiíh gradu- ally as he approaches the c" or of the Sun fome- what nearly but not exactly in the proportion of Sines. -As the Sun removes from the o of Z. the Znzreffes of the Sazellzts into his fhadow become obfervable. When he is about thirty degreees from it, the Emerfrons of the fourth, and at fixty degrees of the third begin tobe feen betwixt the fhadow and body continuing fo - till the Sun be arrived within fixty degrees of the of Z, when the Emerfons of the third fall behind his body, but the Emerfions of the fourth continue vifible till he be lefs then thirty degrees diftant from the? at which time they alfo are hid behind him, all the appearances. being made really to the right hand or in antecedence of Z, tho with inverting Tele/copes, they appear to the contrary, theleft. |. - n. i3ogm $1859 nd After the oppofition of the © and Z we begin to fee the Emerfons of allthe Satellits from the fhadow, now on the left hand or in confequince of Z, but through ! -Ml- 4n] inverting glaffes on the right; when the © is.nevr thirty degreesitrom the oppofiton of theIngreffes.of the fourth, when fixty degrees from it..of the third, begin to be obfervable betwixt the body and fhadow,. continuing fo till the Sun arrive at the fame or rather within fomething a wider diftance from the o of Z. ‘Therefore all the Eclipfes from the beginning of the year till the ? of the . dun and Supiter on the twenty fixth of February are made in «recedente of T but appear through the inverting Tele/cope on the left hand of him, after- wards tillthe o in uguff they are made in Con/equence but through the fame glafles appear on the right. But when he Emerges again from the Sun in September they are made, and appear as in the beginning of the year. : | ! ost] After which time the Latitude of the fourth Satelit becomes fo great that it efcapes the fhadow and body - both of ¥ and fuffers no more Eclzpf2s by either of them according to my Tad/es this year; it will be therefore worth the while for thofe who are accommodated with good glaffes to look for the following Conjunézons of the fourth Sate/it with the 4xzs of the fhadow, of whichthaton November the nineteenth is vifible with us. For if its Latitude be any thing lefs than I efteem- ed, it may be Ec/zpfed. The Conjunéitions of the 4th ( Octob. 9. 17--07--53 Satellit with the Axis ofthe { Nov. € 3--01--47- fhadow when it fuffers no E- > % 19--19*57 clipfes 1684. are { Decem. f 6--13--24 , og! 23--07--IQ Next [452] Next year I inted ( God: willing): to Vcr the ‘Tike Catalogue’ with corrections if I find them: femething earlier that fo our freinds abroad um rz | timely notice and be incited. to td and. Püblsive thefe appearances. T€ | Eoo $E quA ‘The Fr Mile at Greenwich, «= 3 Dec. o" q90 1685. à , E , J "] ; . = / . IJ f] oF gj | E. 3 [413]. MEI one d ae IE Ecbpfes d & sacelli Ubemhg the apparent times of their Ingreffes into T. foadow andE- | merfions, from it under the Meridian of the Obfervatory | in the year 168 4. Calculated from new Tables of their Mo- | tions. by John Flamfteed M. RS AR. 35.3. | hen | Mar. b E Mig«o31 7 1 s222v M ln Nola ej 3€ bed dla. a IK «aiasysnte «3a Mane f 4 342*e oy 9-394 D. s 231 *e 58) Beside de xin c 2p * 5 3 12 14-243 *e 394. el p [rers 2 e wee hase War pe SoBi-2O[0 el” | 25 ! o. 26. & LUE ; Kel -54 3-19 g1l1|10-30 -36 [1-21 $ 12/11-19|1 ¥ -22 & 11) 5-50) IB 1 3\1§-12), -42 | 2I-IS|^ Q1 A 2| 4-49 19 13| O-19|! 23 419-2913 (213 22-1;|! | 7: 14/18 47/ - 42374912 & 14/10-58 13-1313 h 15 23-17] c 13|16-4t| Q 1s|10-34| ( 17|17-4€|1 7-22! 13-50. gt 18/13-O9 pi-ra| i» 1 7745! % 19I2-Is|1 *e R 22) 15-322 * i 1222) 37 1:3, || O23 8.39]. * i I3-T1277 UG oat 1c6- 35 huzali3-Lep | 1572.5 6|4. ^*- (25 9 4 3 26. 9-2 , i 11. » | Ws ite) 2B 11-199 * 726 POL O 2B (sco 1 ap 9-5, jh. a9 es -2- 1 a O- $8 S uu AG oer ee te ae 7-34|! |r0-24] 30) 3 2-0: VER canara Mag 10-20/3 *ec 23. 5 ral o- ogh *al'sa tr. 17]: *e D ast rz bah € “115-05 |1 ei 28 . 2914 48r | eh 3-06)3 lh 4- OE e 6- 07|2 9-337 | 7724.11- $32 eff in ; ello? o 1|22,-30|I 11-1443 WH 131.4: 05|2 14-1912 —6|| -- |16-58|1 20-27|1 lh 5|r1-27|1 dijo" 314-55|1. eC) 6|17-23]2 e$ 417479. € 7| 595511 jd. S Zo d 7-943 d Eun c csiro-osls ej X 9-241 " eio" 8j119-18|4 ei 7/3-52|r € 20-1814. - 7eOAlz 7h 9 O-24|1 15-12|2 i/Z 1o| 5-4.1|2 i 18-15|3 d; [n $2|r € 22-20|t yh, r2|r3-21|t Cio" Lo, 16-49|t . e O13,19-59]: e| 1120-21|2 €|(14| 7-50|1. | « {PI-9319 I4 5-461 € 14-03 e(215, 9-395 * e$ 16 119i € |L9-Lo| 797 17, 9- 16/2 1 \22-12)3 € [20-4711 eC 16) o-r4it €|h 1915-16: e| (22022- 2442. OE FS EK €( 21. 9-451 © [3 es i 18-02]3 -e| help S 2g [ *eig. di. 4-14) I € "el I-134 - E 2-3014- fii. yz aon ' 12-1442. € 2 2s 13- 2714. 3 " i08 AT IT4-074- 2-O9|I eh2617-1i1 c Sey Zor ale €(28 I- th bk i II-AO|t «€ ‘Septembre toro 7| 3 oN Us — Solis |. e d) mw m OP o on OIM HU) HE Fr BO of US equ ou toe Wa eed oe a Beh. feo uto fe? Pmao tebe bebo bo puns fobs PURO Deke Bu. pe o Pea. PRA pete pee Ceo ee Bae c Done bens Reno BS meio vo PEAS pee Ruhe Beno pho x a : - | x I ** HN eww rM dO s ct. [dO cR US HR US eC C BOY mU e No ^ J e Ve SON e Se wanes es. 4") (mà o (mà. Po penn Peo Bo pate (a0) Ll "us ma v Bue o pem o med e ted? P o ub bebo má fete 1 * "€ 11 I-rGp.I .k] ‘ | DeferipfiDec. II. 071683 ^ | Dec. b 4 S" 2119-43] r** i| 2i. Oo; p " as 4 4-1o| r*e| (8- 37 3 il {21-261 3 Rh 6] 8-38) r- i| 110-20) 2 bf C 8] 3-05) zr, if 222201257 I4. of 9]|1i-3:|]: ^Y ZTE 16-00] 1 Fil ' 122-31|.3 $09. g.12«| 1219/3: c6 ]: ph r3 [ro-27 1r i]. s2]i2$59 2 i Bs ee d o116 j23-22) 1 1| B17| 2-06/2 1] | 218 |17-49) € *i B19 2-24. 3 i | ; $-12413 € h 20 I2-17 I i 15:221 2 ai (32 6-45) ! a 24) FT re d T russo eA 725 19-39 t * i| 2°26 | 6-19 3 1 |. 9-06| 3. ef R27 14706| 1 FA | AUF; € 29 8-34 a | EE 3-O0l1| 1 1 F 0H. ~ [416]. an GOH. HEVELII HISTORIOLA Comete Anni 1683. — Lurimi fine dubio, imprimis ij, cuibus Hiftoria, Co- metarum non adeo plane cognita eft, haud parum mirabuntur, quod ab Anno 1680, in tribus fc. Annis tres Cometz notabiles in zoelo. affulferint, imo fi accu- .rate loquendum fpatio fc. unius Anni duo revera exti- terint. Nam Anno 1682, a Meníe 25 Aug.ad 17 Sep. - fatis confpicuus Cometa luxit; prout ex obfervatiuncu- lis meis, Actis Erudit. Lipf. Menfe Novembr. dicti Anni - infertis, videre eft. Nunc rurfus priufquam adhuc totus ifte Annus effluxit, alius novus exortus eft, quem a die 30 Julij, ad 4 Sept. ex voto obfervavi, & cujus Hi- ftoriolam hifce, Amice Honorande, brevibus Tibi tra- do, Verum enimvero non eft quod adeo miramur tres Cometas in tribus hifce elapfis Annis nobis apparuiffe; Cum id pluries acciderit, quod non folum in tribus vel 4Annis, tres & quatuor illuxerint; fed etiam fpatio 5 Ánnorum ¢ diver & quidem. maxime notabiles: Sicuti ex Hiftoria mea Cometarum cuilibet patebit, Anno e- nim poft natum Chriftum 837, ad Annum ufque 840, tres; fecundo, ab Anno 1312 ad 1315, quatuor; Ter- tio, ab Anno 1337 ad Annum 134o, tres vel quatuor; Quarto, ab Anno 1399,ad Annum 1403, quifique; Quin- — to, ab Anno 153r adjAnnum 1533, tres; &Sexto, ab Anno 1556, ad Annum 1560, rurfus quinque in Mundi con- - fpectum venerunt. Inter quos haud pauci horrenda & . terribili fpecie, nec non Cauda longiffima & lucida ex- — titerunt. Imprimis de Cometa Anni' 1401, diverfif- fimi Auctores, utpote Lavatherus, Rockenbachius, Eckftormius, '"Urfinius Buntinus referunt, quod fue- — rit Magnus, horrendus, lucidus, & clarus; Cauda - expanfa, fimilis pavonis, comam erectam explicans, ig- | nis flammantis fpecie, non fecus ac haftam radios ja- de | cu- 2d € [417] | culabatur, &. Sole infra Horizontem demerío ‘pro- pris radiis effufis, omnes Orbis terminos: colluftrabat, nec aliis Stellis lumen exferere concedebat, aut aerem noctis Umbra infufcari; quod ejus lumen aliorum Splen- dorem vinceret;& adCoeliverticem flammam pretendere- tur, quam diu fupra Horizontem extabat. Sicut certiffi- mum fit & alio tempore tres & quatuor Cometas altero ftatim Anno feinvicem fubfequutos effe, aliudque Secu- lum prz alio, Cometis multo tuiffe frugalius. Nam ple- rumque ab Anno fc. Chrifti uno Seculo( Si tantummodo omnes & finguli ab Auctoribus fuerunt anotati) tantum 10, 12 Vel 13 extiterunt, nifi quod Seculum 13 & 14, 20 Cometas exhibuerit. Hucufque tamen omnium prece- dentium Seculorum nullum plures quam proxime prz- cedens, ry fc. Seculum, produxit Stellas Crinitas: quip- e in eo 40 annotati funt a Fidiffimis Auctoribus Bade vero feculum currens 16 hucufque ad Menfem »Q&obr. Anni fc. 1683 currentis, tantummodo adhuc 15. Sidera Comata nobis in confpe ‘tum dedit. Interea ta- men hocce Seculo inprimis bene notandum eft, quod in- . tra Spatium unius folummodo Anni quatuor bene con- Ípicui, utpote Anno 1618 ( uti ex Hiltoria, tam noftra quam aliorum patet Cometarum Hiftoria ) apparuerint Cometz, id quod nullo alio Seculo unquam extitiffe legi. Sed, ut ad noftrum Cometam redeam, atque referam, qua occafione, quo tempore, & ubinam primum a me vifus, atque obfervatus fit; Scias, mi. Amice, poft- quam triplicem illam Conjunctionem Magnam Superi- orum Planetarum, fatis frequenter ad Junium ufque, Coclo annuente, obfervaffem, accidit, ut continue plu- vie, diefque Nubilofi in Menfem ufque Julium obftite- rint, quo Coelum rite intueri fzpius potuerim ; die ve- ro 3o Julii aere rurfus depurgato, cam Speculam af- cendifem, atque Stellam novam in Collo Ceti quererem, poftmodum etiam faciem ad Aquilonem converterem, exinfperato obtigit mihi nihil tale quid POCO ut TU ee lT1 2) O- 1 : L 418] hora vefp. 11 3o' circiter Phenomenum aliquod eo qui- dem in Coeli loco ubinam nulle ‘Stellule valde confpi- cuz exiftunt, nimirum in novo noftro Sydere, Trigride vel Lynce, quod inter Urfam Majorem, . Geminos, & Aurigam fitum eft, & cujus maxima pars in Cancro cohfpicitur, eo in loco inquam, Sydus Crinitum hic Gedani deprehenderem, Caudam haud adeo longam, inter Stellam Polarem, & Caffiopeam furfüm cum ali- qua inclinatione exporrigens; Conftituebat Lineam rectam cum fuprema Capitis Aurigz, & dextro hume- ro Perfei, non minus cum ventre Uríz Majoris, & dex- tro humero Aurigz, item cum media Caudz& latere Uríz Majoris. Deinde Tubo ro pedum arrepto iftud Phenomenum contemplatus fum, Caput»erat quidem fa- tis amplum, fed materia non admodum condenfata; fic ut. nullus lucidus nucleus neque diftin&a . corpuf- cula, ut quidem alias in plurimis aliis deprehenfum eft, in eo apparerent; verfabatur eo ipfo tempore in- ter tres Stelialas (fed Telofcopio tantum vifibiles) qua . Vix 20 ab invicem removebantur Minutis, atque trian- gulum fere zquilaterum conftituebant. His: annotatis Sextante diverías diftantias ab ifto novo Cometa dimen- fusfum: Utpote alucido latere Perfei, a latere Urfe — Majoris, & ab humero Urfz Minoris. Hora 12 fere al- titudo ejus erat 19° 57 ; quante autem revera exti- — terint ille diftantie, hic nimis longum foret recenfere; cum animus tantummodo fit hac vice breviorem ac - generalem Hiftoriolam Aftrophilis tradere, reliqua om- nia; ut & inter quas Srellulas fingulis diebus vifus fue- rit, in continuatione Mearum obfervationum brevi eden- da refervantur. 1 | sti : | Die fubfequente à 3r Julii vefp. ab ijsdem Stellis fixis Cometa debite eft obfervatus, altus cum effet hor. r] Íc. 12. 30, 21? 28’; qui cum pede Auriga & Capella rectam. conftituebat. Cauda erat dilutiffima, ac rarior quam die hefterna, fedpaulo longior. Die? [415 ].. Die O, x Augufti vefp. hora 11 3o, Cometa quidem per dchifcentes Nubes Tubo detédtus, ' Ted oe vapores Inftrumentis minime 'obfervatus eft.- . Die * vero 4 Augutti mane rurfus Cometam a Capella; a lucido latere Perfei, alatere Uríz Majoris, &. ab hu- humero 'Uríz Minoris dimenfus fum ;; cui 4 Stellulze, ' mudooculo invifibiles, adftabant. Removebatur eo tem- _ pote tanto fpatio a dastth! humero Aurigz, quanto a- lias diftat dictus humerus a capite Hedi. Cxterum Siniftra Tibia Perfei, Capella & Cometa rectam re- ferebant. Hac nocte hora fere 2 hoc inprimis notan- dum occurrit, quod Venus a Stella fixa 3 magnitud, s Wentre {c. Pollucis non nifi 16’ removeretur Auftrum verfus id quod ex Micrometro accurate comperi, - Die 5. 6. mane, item die rr, 12, 14, & 15 velp. ob Dus nz fplendorem, Nubes atque Vapores non nifi Telofco- pio Cometa obfervatus eft, accurate tamen omni tem- pore delineatus, quibus Stellulis erat circumdatus, E x quanto fpatio ab hac vel illa diftabat, adeo ut locum Phznomeni nihilominus ex parte cognofcere potue- rim. Cauda vero vix ac ne vix amplius fub adipe- | - Cum veniebat. Die €, 16 Augufti vefp. hora Rire) vr 6omed aller . quatuor Stellulas rurfus verfabatur, quarum una a par- te Cometa fuperiori in ipfa conjunctione non nifi 1' di- ftabat, adeo arcte limbo adhzrebat: quo tempore fi- mul diametrum Cometz Micrometro meo : | 3 Fe: Pit Be FY ga 28 Dt rt " M Us 4 E da E i AM $8351 J : i Ae p re . - p T M nae 3 17 prt 41 [ et LOW M * ; =e " "n n ‘ ny cem ——— — - " Ed í Lo fallo "i 9 cs =a £ $1 iy * » » 5 9 au L 1 L ix ~ ^ TABULA [423] omen NOFTCR a pP | [TABULA Cometz Anni 1685, Longitudinem, Latitu- |. dinem, Motum diurnum, Declinationem, & Afcenfio- nem Rectam, a Die 3o Julii, ad 4Septem. exhibens. |. Menf. Longitudo. ^ Latitndo fc. B.Motusdiurnus|Declinatio. ^ Afcenf. Rea. | Dies. o I S. | o I A.) o I o ;odg o. E Go 29 i5 B - $1 30 B 100 0 25; |29 O MAC AE à 5 | 238 45 | 9 44 Oo | 28 30 Oo 46 ro 64 28 45 o 48 | | 20-428 0 f:eoso pi! 49 bi 96 0 0695 27 435 B| o 52? : | Oo 27 30 | oO $4 4 27.18 | e-- 5° 29 20 Ti] 270 — poo. 3p. 0j 9. , 10| 27 20 26 20 lb | 26 20 28 55). 1 1.14 | 12| 25 20 23 30 Lag 6 CR INT 120.24 20]] 25° OD, 1 9, 20 24 30 I. IO | 15| 22 29 | 24 0 T5 127. | xo 309 | 1 14 | 46 9B|77 9 19 20 fll 22 30 B) i 19 18/37 40 | 21 30 | 1 25 | 44 9 B| 73 19 16 °9 | 20 30 P35? Mi gun | 153: 3 49] 47 9.09 39 - 12:120] 48 0-5 1 $3j5- 22, lo 20 16 49 2:019 8 20 1$ 30 2 t3 Sige | Mag) a 21135. 9.1 60 4o. sod 12 43D (2 49 3 II O 2 35 27, 28 1§ 9| 9 o 3. 10 LI 1 28| 25 15 6. 30 23:.25 24 30 — ji oO Aug. 29) 22 15 TES 4" "aug «o | 91 30 48 309 SORES S$ | r-30 | 3 55 | 19.0 .|45. 49 31| 16 25 Ea COA Dd. "Los Sept. 1| 12 5$ |3 30| 4 20 2/935 9 "$ o^À 4 40) 10 30 | 4o .O ó 25 8 40 hoy 235 du 20A p 3017 30 B 34 9 oo ek k Ex à [424] | Ex quibus nunc luculenter videre eft, Cometam hunc - continuo contra S. S. increciffe, ex lynce videlicet feu Tri- - gride (quod Sydusego primum cumaliís decem, in novos - meos tranítuli Globos) per Aurigam, Taurum ad caput uf- | que Ceti; hoceftex 7° Cancri ( ubi 30 Augufti primum ~ à nobis vifus ) per Geminos, 30 t ufque ; Sic ut in Eclip- - . tica 65 55, in fua vero orbita, 74 35 ( nimirum a 3o Au- f guftiad 4 Sept.) peragraverit. Sub angulo videlicet Or- § bitz & Eccliptice 39 feregradum, fub angulo vero Obite § & Aiquatoris 56. latitudo initio 29 15 Boreal. & ultimo 11 | 20 Auftral. extitit, adeo ut ad 41? fere gradus eam variave- rit. Siluna non fuiffet pernox, nec adeo ei vizina ultimo, tum noGtes extitiffegt ferenz perfecto adhuc diutius nem- § pe ad 12 Sept. ufque illum obfervaffem: prout ex ejus Alti- ” tudine Meridiana, motu ue diurno, quem in ultima obfer- vatione exercuit, fatis fuperque patet. | De Capite hec notandum habeo, quod initio,quoad di- ametrum, longe minus quam ultimo; e contrario initio longe lucidius, quam circa finem extiterit ; nullos tamen diftinctos & fulgentes nucleos, prout in plurimis videre no- bis obtingit exhibuerit, fed confufam materiam, & circa finem multo tenuiorem Jure hic Cometa ( cum plerum- que abfque omniCauda vifus) inter fidera Comata, vel cri- nita, five inter Barbata &Hircos refertur. Nam non nif ad 18 Aug. breviffimam & dilutiffimam Comam furfum ver- fus exporrigebat; quz poftmodum vero omnino evanuit. JA Quibus & quam diutiffime valeas, Amice plurimum. Honorande, animitus precor; nihil potius exoptans, quam ut poffim gravioribus quibusdam ftudiis, pro meo. modulo a deo conceffo, in Aftronomiz commodum, ac incrementum Aftrophilis infervire. Dabam Gedani Anno a nato Chrifto 1685 ft. n. ipfo die ZEquinodti] Autumna- lis, Sole exiftente in Meridie alto 35 27 Quad: parv. Orich. duse ji - ex Animo J. Hevelius, E saree ve Det L425] De Urinis, Pulfibus ; de Miljtone Sanguinis ; ic de Fe- | | dibus; de Morbis Capitis ; to Peétoris: Opus - Laurentij Bellini » Bononie 1683. “He Author dedicates this book to his Mafter Seig- | nior Red: and, in his Preface to the Reader, mentions another peice he has before him, [concerning the nature of fenfitive beings, and by what neceffary - ,means they operate; ] the titles of feveral of the chap- ‘ters in it, are here premifed; asa taftof that, of which we hope ina littletime, tohave a more full enjoyment. |" Inhis Treatife of Urzne, he writes of it firft in gener- al, and in its natural ftate ; his way of examining it, s by evaporation, which gives usa very falt, thick, and black Sediment, that tinges of a Golden colour ; and which, (by the addition of as much water as was eva- porated off) may be reduced to a liquor ‘not ( eafily ) to | be diftinguifht from the natural Urine. _ From whence he concludes, that the principles ong | rine are Salt, Earth, and Water, and that the Flui ty, Saltnefs, and Colour of it, depend on the propor- | tion of the latter to the two former. 2 He writes of | the preternatural Urine: 3 Of jadgment to be made | from the: infpection of Urine: 4 He comments on fome | places of Hippocrates concerning this fub'e&t. T | In his fecond trac he treats of thie neceffity, the na- ture, and the feverat forts, of pulfes; he fhews how | great regard Alppocrates had to the pulfe, tho fome moderns would perfuade us to the contrary ; and gives ! Gallen s. account of it. : | | In his Treatife of Bleeding, be proves ift. that in the time of Bleeding, the blood runs fafter then ordinary, in the Artery that anfwers tothe Vein opened. | 2 That the motion of the Blood after bleeding, is I Íwifter then before it, flower chen in it. * Mi ox. K kk 2 3 That [ 426] - .3 That, in bleeding, the blood acquires a new dií- pofition, (which may on a fudden give occafion to a} diftemper ) fometimes evacuations are ftopt, fometimes } caufed, and an irregular Pulfe oftentimes becomes rez. gular ; a natural Pulfe lefs, and {wifter. m. 4 He explains how Lezpothymzes happen in bleeding] onthe account of fear, or the emiffion of two much} blood, and feveral other ways. ; 4 .$ He faysthatone great effe&t of bleeding, is, the bring=} _ ingdowninto the greater channels, what before ftuck in the Capillarzes, and that thisis more or lef, in proportion) to the quantity taken off, and the largenefs of the ftream,| 6 If a part affected requires bleeding, hefays, tis gene= rally beft to open a veinofthe fide oppofite to that part.) 7 He proves that the circular motion of the blood is” [wifter in Arterzotomy, then in Venefettzon; that the former cools fooner then the latter, and prevails more towatds the bringing off what ever is lodgd in the J. Capillary veffels. i: | ji » $ He faysthe beft bleeding isat fome little Artery, the ood being’brought to the part in a greater quantity then ordinary, by Friction, Bathing, Cupping, Gc. | 9 He tells us what things may fupply the place of bleed-) ing, as Abftinence, Alteratives,@c. Such of them asad ini a'violent manner he calls zziz, of which he treats, firft in general, then in particular, as of the fudden pluck-) ing out of Hair; the wrefting of Fingers, Ticillations, Smells, of the Epzcrufs of Galen, the Fricatzones, Sina-) pefmt, the Dropax Compofitum, Cauteries, Iffues, Setons, and Blijiers: He treats of Medicaments in «general; fhews how far Purging, Cerecloths, Pladfters, Liniments, Cataplafms; how far Mercurial Inunitions-, Suaorifics, Diuretics , Vomits, Expettorating Medicines, how far Apophlegmati{ms, Sternutatories,; and Repellers, have the|- fame effects with Bleeding, and at daft concludes that no one of them cures wich that fafety and-expedition which accompanies Bleeding. - . 1o He | [ 427] : to He fays the fafeft time to Bleed in Feavors, is at the declination. : 11 He propofes fome problems for the finding out the juft quantity of Blood, which may be taken from any perfon without injury. af In his difcourfe of Feavers, he gives the feveral di- vifions of them, then defcribes them as, they ap- pear to the fenfes, giving an account of the Antece- dentia, the Conjunéia, and the Succedentia of each of . them ; after which he enquires into the nature and .caufes, of Feavors; proving that they arife from fome fault of the Blood; either as to its Motion, Quantity, . or Quality, but moft commonly from a vifcid: Ma ter, lodgd in che Capillary Veffels, and fo caufing a Cold-- . nefs, fhakings, ^c. afterwards finking into the greater Veflels, and there caufing heats, &c. fometimes return- in to, and lodging again in, the Capillaries as in Agues. In his tract de Aforbis Capitis, he fpeaks of the 24po- plexy, of which he gives the Antecedentza, the Con- gentta, and the Succedentza ; he explains the Symptoms, enquires into the caufes, and atlait gives the definition of the diftemper : In like manner he diícourfes of the Carus, Coma Somnolentum, Lethargus, Coma Vigil, Phre- mitis, Paraphremtis, Mania, Melancholia, Paralyfis, Con- vulfe, ( where he explains the nature of Horrors and Rigors) aud of the Epzlep/y: He difcourfes of Paz in | general, the feveral forts of it, and in particular of the Pain of the Head ; of the Vertzgo, Catoche, Incubus, and of Catarrhs. In histreatife de Morbis Peiloris, he writes of the Zz- termiffio Pulfus, Afphyxia, Letpotbymia , Syncope, Verium. Inbecillétas, Palpitatio Cordis, Peripneumonia, Pleuratis, Inflamatio Diaphragmatis, Empyema, Tuffis , Vomica Pul- . monis, (where he mentions a Vomeca Sympathica, pro- ceeding from a thick glutinous blood, fetled in the Lungs; with which'diftemper (ithe Author fays)he gs : felt [428] . felf has formerly been troubled) He difcourfes alfo of the FLemoptoe, Dificilés Refpiratio, and the Angina; in all which he obferves the method of the former tract, and is very copious in explaining Symptoms; but contents himfelf (chiefly ) with Theory, as well in this, as in the two preceding difcourfes. Abg el . An account of a Book Entitled| Memoirs for the Natural Hhflory of Fiuman Blood, efpectally the Spirit of that Liquor: by the Honorable Robert Boyle E/g; Fellow of the Royal Society London. 1683. ] : | | He honourable Author well known to the World, M . by his noble Birth, and Learned Writings, hav-. -——. ing formerly obliged us with feveral experimen- tal Hiftories, befide. many other. elaborate diícouríes; Is now pleafed to ingage us farther to him, by giving © us rules, how to frame, and by bringing in a great ftock of materials for, a Natural Hiftory of Human Blood; and the fpirit of it, in doing which, he obferves this method; the Book being divided into four parts, in the firft of thefe he laysidown fome Rules, concerning the way of compi- ling the natural Hiftory of any particular Subject; where - he propofes, that whatever occurs, concerning the Subject to be treated off may be rankt under feveral Orders, or Claffes, agreeing in the general names of Tz£/es: the firft or Primary, order, the Author would have to confift of fuch Jitles,as fhall comprehend the whole matter oftheSubject, | as it appears at firft view: but when the matter of any Pri- mary Title encreafes on your hands, it will be proper that That alfo fhould be divided, according to its own nature, into feveral {ubordinate Branches, or Secondary Titles. : Pu. And / au n v. 21 DL Es [429 ] - And further he fays it will be ufeful that a Mantiffa fhould be fubjoyn' d to the firft Edition of the Titles, con- fifting of Paralipemena, ( or fuch things as might claim place under fome one of the Titles, but were omitted, ) and Addenda ;( oríuch things, as could not convenient- ly have been brought in under any one of the Titles, and yet belong to the Subject :) Purfuant to which method the Author givesus the Titles of the frfé Order, for he Na- tural Hiftory of Human Blood of healthy Men; and has alfo chalkt out a way for the natural Hiftory of Urine. The 2 part contains mifcellanious Experiments, and — Obfervations, about Human Blood, referable to fome one of the Titles of the firft Order : thus he treats of the - - heat of Human Blood frefhly emitted ; of the Inflama- bility ; of the Specific Gravity ; of the Volatile Salt, of Human Blood, and its figure ; of the two Oyls; of the fixt Salt, ( which is like Sea-falt, ) of the Terra Damnata; . of the proportion of differing fubftances Chy mically ob- taind trom Human Blood. 3 The 3 part contains promifcuous Experiments and Ob- fervations, about the Serum of healthy mens Blood. _ ‘The 4th part contains the Hiftory of the Spirit of hu- man blood begun; and is a fummary of the Hiftory of volatile Salts in general; under thefe /fecondary ) titles. | | 1 Whether human blood may be fo ordered by Fer- mentation, or Putrefaction, asthat in Diftillation, a Spi- . rit, either Urinous, or Vinofe, may afcend before the Thleeme —- | |. 2 Whether Spirit of human blood be really any thing, but the volatile Salt, and Phlegm well comixt ? 3 Of the fpecies of faline bodies, to which the Spirit ~ of human blood is to be referd. 4 Whether Spirit of human blood be differing from Spirit of Urine, and other Spirits thatare call'd Volat:- le Alcalies ? ; qu 12. Of [439] 0 0$ Of the quantity of Spirit containd in human blood, "whether accompanied with its ferum, or dried ? yd 6 Of the confiftence, and {pecific, Gravity ; hr 7 Of the Odor, Taft, Color, and tranfparency ; $ Of the Diffolutive Power, of Spirit of human blood; . s Of the tinéturesthat may be drawn with Spirit of — human; blood.: 5: i55 | ro Of the Coagulating Power ; ^ qr Of the Precipitating Power, of Spirit of human -blood.; 3, "and 3013 POG 12 Of the Affinity between Spirit of human blood, and fome Chymical Oyls, and Vinofe Spirits : e 13 Of the Relation between Spirit of human blood, and the Air... S wi | ——. 14 Of the Hoftility of the Spirit of human blood to Acids, whether they bein the form of Liquors, or Fumes. — ax; Of the Medicinal virtues of the Spirit of humán . blood applied Qutwardly, and 16 Inwardly. - -After which there follows the Appendix, where among other things, under the Title [of the feveral ways of ditilling human blood ] which may be lookt on . as one of the Primary Titles, the Author gives an ac- count of his. fuccefs in the diftilling three portions: of dried blood, each with a different Additament, as. which Quicklime, Calcind Tartar, and Oyl of Vitriol. P " : ng | OR = T É 3 E i Pap kt er Su Qul 3s A » ^J X -— - Am (TV OMilofoph. Jranfact; Oy “imber tor, | Fig: 6. ee. a Weld Se ieee MH |SVCCPETRONIAEVX 8 AANIIMIHDIX V:DO ft | |MXIVSAVI | FIL — — 3 mif the Viper. er dexicanus | Alphabe MN refuted. ». 1 ;2|Àgue fits explained z. 9 a-— | -cenfton by Borrichiuss Ex- sO. f. . Anatomy of aRattle-Sna 14. p.2 5. Animals in Salt Brine. iy. p. 97.Animals in Male Seed. tly.p. 347 Antidoteto 7, 14-4. JU 49. A- Mofchiferus ». 153. 39. Arteria Aorta ftrangly for- I&€ 7. 153.2. 371. | | B ) raros Tomb. 2.15$2.p.345. r¢ An extraordinary Birth in Stat- | rtfhire. ». 150. p. 281. Roman ir / 2 Laretij Bellini " Ja. Bohn Epiftola d dinfufficientia Q aq um. ag TARP SOP ecco REI. 1. Boyle’s Memoirs for the Na- 0 Hu ) P) L j c* Z ^wssf-110 , iks and their meafure. ». 149. iD. ! ; ; | Books "obus Barner de Spiritu Vini Ne acido, ». 145.9. 111. | de Urinis, Pulfi- 3XC. OPUS. 7. 154. p. 42 y. it e Alcali & À- O7. TAS.P, IIO. » Alph, Borelli de motu ani- | Hiftory of Human Blood: I o AT! yYamini a Brookhuyfen Oeco- ila Animalis.z. 147.5. 194. j magnet. variat. inveniendas, 4.3. p.23 Zz. Erck ES v esu 3 cerpta exliteris illuftr. Viro- | adJoh. Hevelium &c. x. 150. h rn tranílated v. 147. g. Jh. Godartius of Infects. ». 143. T:h. Grew's Anatomy of Plants #50. P. 303. dtoria Naturalis Helvetiz curi- pH. 14.9. pe 268. Y , Indicne —Malah- tical Table for the twelfth Volume of the . - Philofophical Tranfaétions. | De (Co The Figures relate to the Number of dradis, | the fecond to the Page. UT d 4, 14.5. P. 100. Martini Lifter de fontibus medi-- | catis SO. yr. DLL. por eee ke.| Two Letters concerning Vifion. ". 149. P- 265. ps Obfervations on t the Poy-|of Mortality.z.143.p.21. ^. - Cl. Ptolemei Harmonicorum lib. 2- 7:143... 2Q. Anglie Expercitatio prior. he Dublin Bills Relatione de Ritrovamento dell'« - vuouva di chiocciole. ». 152. 7.356, | Wilhelmi ten Ryne differtatio de Arthritide; &,2».148.5.222. Mr. Qc. 9. 153-8 386. | Dr. Sydenham 'T Spon Recerches Curieufes;: ractatus. de po-: dagra & Hydrope. » 150 ».309.- Mr. du Verney 'Traite del'organe | de l'ovie- ». IAQ p.259. : Joh Jac. Zammermanni Cometo- — (copia. 2.149 [: 27c- (d i | # ^Aftoreum what ». I53. P. 377. : The Cecum cut out of aBitch [7 151. P. 324. The Cecum of the ifame Structure with the Colon. Iz. 153-7. 367 Lhe whitenefs of the | Chyle whence 149. p. 242. Its pat- |fage not yet demonftrated. ». 143. ip. 6. Lhe Colon not faftned to the lE o : d . 9. 193+ P- 367- Obfer- Riftola invitatoria ad obfervati- Mellentery FELITI giz 'vations of the Comet Aug. 16. 82. at Dantzick. »- 143. p: 16. Hiftorio- la Cometa Anni 168 3. ». 154. p. 416. ‘Three late conjunctions of Saturn and Jupiter calculated. 149. p. 244. | How many Conjurctions poffible in.one year. v. 149. 7. 247. de tribus | Conjunctionibus magnis. 7. 151. 7. 325. Conftantinople , .a difcourfe concerning it. ». 152. p. 335. Crea- - tures found in the Melts of Fifh ». 148. p- 207. Cure for the Murren. | 5. 145. Pe 94- ERRATA fic Corgi: Eu * Age. 33. L 1. ead reoruitintg: p. 3 $1. 6.r. comtained in it a. p. 38.1. 23. £s yer value. p, 35 - it mày be. J. ult. v. isild feented. p: 401. 17; v. Znvoluted. 1. 20. r. Congeries P. vie 6s r. they are,” 5 whole, p.46. 1. 14. t, aslikewife. l. 15. v- did fpeil. p. 47. 1. 16. t. is. 1. 17, r..com. 18.1. nor. p.. 5o t. HJ? zd ex l. 6. dele Yudicium difficile. p. 52. l. 30-1. as Scales. ^ 55. 1. 18) r. of the Pista 4.¥.fpecific. p. 119.1. 33. t. libe t1, p, 133.1. 33. T. cap. 15. p. 157-1. 2. f. 10000. p. 16o. 1. 1f “the Vitae Uteri. dddd. the rwo Cornua Uteri. p 173. 1. 29. t. help in. 175.1. 9. r. 1enftot of the Fibre on the T ; P 212, L 32. x. it decreafes to 1g degrees. 1. 34. v. thatto tbe Eaftward. p. 216. 1. vr. r. tbe other Northern pole. 26. r.Alcunba. 1. 31. f. fram tbe pole of the World. 1. 33. x. and that under the Equator. " 243. L 27. f. as Water. p. 34.2. l. 6. for place. ihe: 361.1. 3 tots ome KE te oe P. om «20. for in. x, forme. 1. 33.1 r. PUE Of, ‘ 1 roy oben »? Ste k^ - MS a oe. ONUPS Ó XF " R Dj 2 Pinted at ane THEATER, and. are. jhe fold by | Pit at the Angel, and Samuel Smit b at ne Princes “in St, Pauls Church yard London. 1683. 3 t | ww ; d 112 € PP ranladions. GIVING. SOME "| i | ‘ : i f 2 ^ : l H | j í rU ; | fi . MI 5 1 | eic . | = 1 tt ) = y ' | : à E | ; i | ^ ? l i , i} OF THE rss Studies, and Labours, RUE OF THE. : ING ENIOUS IN M A N Y Confiderable Tots | Ob THE | E Se: XIV. ues For the Tear of ouy Lord, M. DC. LXXXIV. OXFOR D, Printed at the ZEE AT ER, and areto be fold by Mofes Pitt at the Angel, and Sanuel Smith atthe Princes | | ee in St. Pauls C Bue? -yard London. 1 $84. mS m 3 US " Se Re Éste terra ———— = ae i ee ER E = ; - MM a À BAM — am Q -— = ie ea ee T L T : pv. P - ; S : - aS LI NTC mt CIT c NUMQUID SR Du nee ee de Sed See ee NOCT "um ese ee NORD > PANT : x : ^ : ee MT "un MR SR TRE SEN NUN ENS SEEN DIS E" H CN. SoG See ES WT aA TOS! MXN PARA - \ - D m S en Citra m: That a^.