wb pd Sts AD ; ’ os Sen REtee hae ONE ante ee be Pele RA a ee 9 e he B cia eo A LA ty A Se. hE midi : SEF. ai ete nee ae 3 eye oe ee eee hee Qe 4 Tae pees OS 2 Me aT OS ni = te : : ——s ~~ Sank SNipenea ra atateeerart Sas em re Pee os cash is ‘ : Pepe ae ’ rire pate = aR: sclanta? sheangoaes tot * os: ed tla Sah otal foto te 1G oat Soy fA tote rs emer eke cs = 2 nA wel hy i << m & am oy NN MRT enepe te > COs : Joc Ootepindainbla nan ae sy ¢ ae ; “ : = . . = nee Synch Pref ane metas a = akesh Dah me ae Os Ame ae Sos PrN ep = z: oi xe Sp omelets oe Nene : sf oa aban ao cane pe rat SR Pie eNOS gh tm ESA pose a2 ve the Teele SS jQEeNes a SRT At : : on e Di tiotane o> a SEs tA alte TINE SS SNe PN IE a> Baar = . ss A > ~~ nt ta Om gm See Dcasnenhen oe Ce ae Oat Pe PHYTOLOGIA Designed to expedite botanical publication Vol. 17 July, 1968 Nos CONTENTS GUNN, C. R., Notes on the use of Ca® in determining leaf Sipe MCGEE Ton! no Cen y CaM A lta cis DR eve Gack tar tr Garaa Set Ga MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the genus Vitex. VIII. . . . 8 LIBRARY AUG 25 1969 NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 303 Parkside Road Plainfield, New Jersey 07060 U.S.A. Price of this number, $1; per volume, $6.75, in advance, or $7 at close of volume NOTES ON THE USE OF calt5 IN DETERMINING LEAF THICKNESS Charles R. Gunn 1/ Abstract The usefulness of leaf thickness as taxonomic character can be enhanced by a simple, rapid method of determining dry leaf ae thickness. Several experiments were conducted with Calcium? testing the principle that thicker laminae absorb more soft beta particles than thinner laminae. By measuring the changes in particle intensity, mass is obtained; to the de- gree that thickness correlates with mass, one has determined the thickness. Shards of Magnolia grandiflora L., Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal, and Vicia americana Willd. were used. Results of these tests indicate that there is a correlation between the a- mount of beta particles passing through the laminae of dry leaves and the thickness of the laminae. Introduction leaf characters are commonly used in taxonomic treatments. leaf thickness, if reported, usually is determined by inspec- tion. Aside from this empirical method, there is apparently no simple method of ascertaining thickness. Thickness has been determined by 1) use of cursory examination, 2) use of either freehand or microtome sections in conjunction with an optical- measurement system, 3) use of a micrometer or, 4) use of a punch-weigh system. The section-optical-measurement system is not simple; the micrometer method results in large error; and the punch-weighing system is time consuming and cannot be ap- plied to leaves with narrow laminae. The usefulness of leaf thickness as a taxonomic character would be augmented if objec- tive measurement techniques were available. Radioactive isotopes, as the sources of beta particles for determining thickness, have had practical application in indus- try. Zumwalt (1954) reported two common uses of beta particles in industry. These are the determination of the thickness of continuously moving materials, and the concentrations of solu- tions. Measurements are based on two principles. The absorp- tion of the beta particles as they pass through a material 1/ Research Plant Taxonomist, Crops Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705 al 2 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 1 provides an indication of the thickness of the material. The degree of backscattering of beta particles from a substance also can be used to determine thickness. The principle of absorption of beta particles as they pass through a material is applicable to leaf studies. The few in- vestigations that have been published are concerned with water content of leaves, leaf thickness being a complicating variable (Nakayama and Ehrler, 1964; and Yamada, et al., 1958). No ref- erence has been found to studies undertaken from the taxonomic point of view. When a leaf is irradiated with beta particles, the inten- sity of the rays decreases as a result of interaction with the leaf. Thickness may be calculated from the equation I=te™ where d is the weight per unit area and p the absorption coef- ficient (a constant, which is determined only by the maximum energy of the, beta particles and is peculiar to the nuclide used); for Cat? it is 0.128. The logarithmic constant e is 2.718, I_ is the unmodified intensity, and I is the modified intensity. When d=0, I=I Therefore when thickness is meas- ured by using beta particles, the expression is not in units of distance, but in units of weight per unit area, e.g., milligrams per square centimeter. The results can also be reported as counts per unit of time from a standardized source. By insert- ing the leaf between the radiation source and the Geiger-Muller (GM) tube, the intensity of the radiation changes proportion- ately to the leaf mass. Thus by measuring such intensity changes, mass is obtained; to the degree that thickness corre- lates with mass, one has determined the thickness. Not all beta sources are amenable to herbarium leaf stud- ies. Sources such as Strontium”®, Yttriun?, and Radium D&E (all used in industry) are not useful in leaf studies because of the strong Fiano = capacity of their beta particles. Sources such as Calcium’? and Sulpher are applicable because of the weaker penetration capacity of their beta rays. The for mer have been labelled hard sources, the latter soft sources. Materials and Methods A Radiation Counter Laboratories Scaler-ratemeter, model 20324 was used to measure and record the beta radiation (Fig. 1). The lead shields covering the plastic planchets (Fig. 2) holding the sources contained 300 milligrams of lead per square centimeter. This thickness of lead absorbed the radiation from all sources tested. The holes drilled through the shields were 1/16 inch in diameter. These holes allowed the passage of beta 1968 Gunn, Determining leaf thickness 3 rays from the source through the shield and test material to the GM tube. Since the isotopes were not uniformly distributed in the matrices, the shields were taped to the planchets. The distance between the source and the test material was 2.5 m.; the distance between the tested material and the GM tube, 11 mm. The background count averaged 9.2 counts per minute with 4 range of 11.8 to 6.3 counts per minute. The high voltage var- ied from 810 to 830, usually holding steady at 820, a setting recommended by the manufacturer. Sixty herbarium sheets of Vicia americana and its varieties (Gunn, 1968) were selected to represent the variation of leaf- let thickness in its North American range. The leaflets were selected at random from these sheets. The count per minute from the open source was + 2700. A single leaflet of Vicia americana Willd. was tested for one half hour; readings were taken every minute using a l-hole plate. When the resulting information was analyzed by means of maximum curvature, it was found that a 3-minute count inter- val was sufficient. The thickness of V. americana leaflet shards was also meas ured by using a compound microscope equipped with an ocular micrometer and an oblique above-stage microscope light. The measurements were recorded in increments of 11.1 microns, round- ed to the nearest whole number. Results and Discussion Saran Wrap with calt5 as the beta producing isotope was used to test the equation I=I,e - in a sequence of tests, layers of Saran Wrap were added (from 1 to 13) to the top of a one-hole plate, and readings were taken every 3 minutes. In Fig. 3 the layers of Saran Wrap were plotted against the log of the counts per minute producing nearly a straight line. These results il- lustrate that thickness can be determined by counting the beta particles that are not absorbed by the test material. The line- ar arrangement of the averaged counts per minute in Fig. 3 proves this point. The extension of this concept from a homo- geneous material (Saran Wrap) to a hetergeneous material (leaf laminae) was tested. Radium D&E, Carbon 14, and Calcium 45 were surveyed with shards of two test leaves taken from herbarium (dry) material possessing obvious differences in thickness, Magnolia grandi- flora (magnolia) and Asimina triloba (pawpaw). Of the three isotopes used, only Ca’? gave results which were commensurate with the 8.1 thickness ration of dried magnolia and pawpaw. The results from the Radium D&E test were inconclusive, since there was more intra- than inter-leaf variation. Readings h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, now 1 obtained from cl were too close to the background count to be usable. Before testing Cat® on the other leaves, lead shields with 1, 2, and 3 holes (Fig. 2) were used with the magnolia and paw- paw leaves. In Fig. 4 each dot represents five, 3-minute counts averaged. Based on the repults of the 3-hole test when compared to the l-hole test, the Ca ? concentration was trebled in Vicia americana leaflet tests. This increased the l-minute count through a 1/16 inch diameter aperature from + 385 to + 2700 counts per minute, a seven-fold increase. Magnolia shards with the red indumentum of hairs intact absorbed as much beta radiation as the same shards when denuded. This indicates that pubescence is not a factor affecting the outcome of this type of thickness determination. When the leaflets of Vicia americana were introduced into the system, the counts ranged from O46 (the thickest leaflet) to 1874 (the thinnest leaflet). These counts were converted to logs and plotted against the measurements recorded in microns obtained from the optical system. These results are given in Fig. 5. The larger dots represent the 95 percent confidence limits of the population means. The means are represented by the smaller dots. The decrease in the counts per minute with the increase of leaflet thickness indicates a direct relation- ship between leaflet thickness and the amount of absorbed beta particles. A comparison of Figs. 3 and 5 reveals that while the leaflet means are more variable than the Saran Wrap means, the test did measure leaflet thickness. An analysis of the leaflet data indicates that 57 percent (r°=56.94) of the vari- ation in the counts per minute can be attributed to the thick- ness of the leaflets. The measurements in microns are at best an estimate. Therefore, the 57 percent correlation figure may be low because of errors in the measurement system. Additional tests on other leaves using other standards would help to establish the cor- rect correlation between true leaf thickness and the amount of absorbed beta particles. Literature Gunn, C. R. 1968. The Vicia americana complex (Leguminosae). Ia. Jour. Scie. 42(3):171-215. Nakayama, F. S. and W. L. Ehrler. 1964. Beta ray gauging techniques for measuring leaf water contents changes and moisture status of plants. Plant Physiology 39(1):95-98. 1968 Gunn, Determining leaf thickness Yamada, Y. S. Tamai, and T. Miyaguchi. 1961. A-19. The measurement of thickness of leaves using S39, AEC-tr- 4482, Translation Series. U.S.A.E.C. Zumwalt, L. R. 1954. The best performance from beta gauges. Nucleonies 12(1):55-58. Mention of material by trade-name implies no preference over similar equipment made by other manufacturers. PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 1 Fig. 1. Radiation Counter Laboratories Scaler-ratemeter, model 20324. Fig. 2. A 2-hole lead shield taped to a planchet and carrying slide with a Vicia americana leaflet. 1968 Gunn, Determining leaf thickness 7 PAWPAW Meo yl COUNTS PER MINUTE LOG OF COUNTS PEE MINUTE + 7 (op oF a 1-HOLE 2-HOLE 3-HOLE LEAD SHIELDS Fig. 3. Layers of ig Wrap plotted against logs of counts per Fig. 4. Pawpaw and magnolia lgat shards tested with l-, 2-, and minute plus 2. Ca‘? count per minute vas 4 2700. Zobole lead shields. The Ca‘? count per minute was # 355. » 8 se 370 LOG OF COUNTS PER MINUTE rm) 8 310 LEAFLET THICKNESS IN MICRONS Fig. 5. Wicita americana leaflets thickness in ptcrpas plotted against the logs of the count per minute. The Ca 5 count per minute was ¢ 2700. The larger dots represent the 95% confidence limits of the population means. The smaller dots represent the population means. ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS VITEX. VIII Harold N. Moldenke VITEX KUYLENII Standl. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 16: 502. 1968. Additional citations: GUATEMALA: Izabal: Jones & Face 3500 (W—2565868); Jones, Proctor, & Facey 3031 (W—2565867). BRITISH HONDURAS: Gentle 5551 (Mi). VITEX KWEICHOWENSIS P'ei Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 251. 1967. The Tsiang 5831 collection, cited below, is marked "paratype" on its label, but the original description of the species by P'ei plainly designated Tsiang 6317 as the type collection. I see no valid reason for giving any other collection a type designation. Additional citations: CHINA: Kweichow: Tsiang 5831 (W—157515l). VITEX LANUGINOSA Mohl ; eg Vitex lanuginosus Mohl, Beitr. Anat. & Physiol. Gew. 85. 183). Bibliography: Mohl, Beitr. Anat. & Physiol. Gew. 85. 183); Mohl, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., ser. 2, 3: 319. 1835; Selling, Bishop Mus. Spec. Publ. 38: 27h, 275, & fai. 1947. I know nothing about this plant beyond what is given in the bibliography above. It seems most probable that the binomial is the result of a typographic error or an error in copying. VITEX LEUCOXYLON L. f., Suppl. Pl. 293. 1781 [not V. leucoxylon Blanco, 1895, nor Naves, 1918, nor Roth, 1956, nor Roxb., 1814, nor Span., 1856, nor Schau., 1893}. Additional synonymy: Vitex leucoxylon Willd. ex Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 2 [Carey], 3: 7h--75. 1832. Additional & emended bibliography: J. F. Gmel. in L., Syst. Nat., ed. 13, pr. 1, 2: 963 (1789) and pr. 2, 2: 963. 1796; Pers., Sp. Pl. 3: 361. 1819; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 888. 1821; Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 2 [Carey], 3: 7h & 75. 1832; Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb., ed. 1, 298. 1881; Watt, Econ. Prod. India 5: 29) (1883), 6: 191 (1883), and 7: 255. 1883; Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb., ed. 2, 542. 1902; Prain, Beng. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 832 & 833. 1903; Gamble Fl. Presid. Madras 2: 1102 & 1103. 192k; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 6: {78 & 89. 1931; H. F. MacMillan, Trop. Plant. & Gard., ed. 5, pr. 3, 197, 198, & 529. 1962; Prain, Beng. Pl., ed. 2, 2: 621, 622, & 1012. 1963; Sen & Naskar, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 7: 60. 1965; Se- bastine & Ramamurthy, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 8: 180. 1966; Molden- ke, Phytologia 15: 253 & 316 (1967) and 16: 500 & 501. 1968. Jain (1963) records this species from Madhya Pradesh, India, while Sebastine & Ramamurthy found only a "few" in Madras, citing a National Herbarium mmber 16096. Prain (1963) records it from 8 1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 9 Orissa, but comments "on islands in the river Mahanadi; perhaps only introduced". He cites the first of the Watt references given by me in the bibliography above as "E. D. 5: 160", but this appears to be a paragraph reference, not a page reference! An additional vernacular name recorded for the plant is "kaddu- nochchi", Additional citations: CULTIVATED: India: Herb. Drake s.n. [Hort. Bot. Calcutt.] (W--2),97125) . VITEX LIMONIFOLIA Wall. Additional synonymy: Vitex limonifolia "Wall. ex Kurz" apud Deb, Bull. Bot, Surv. India 3: 315. 1961. Vitex aminifolia Wall., in herb. ; to ae aes Additional bibliography: Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb., ed. 1, 296 (1881) and ed. 2, 541. 1902; A. Chev., Cat. Pl. Jard. Bot. Saigon 36. 1919; Deb, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 3: 315. 1961; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 253—25h. 1967. Chevalier (1919) records this species as cultivated in Viet- nam under the common name of "binh linh vang". In Burma it is called "kyungaukmre", In Thailand the name "tin nok" is applied both to this species and to V. peduncularis Wall. Deb (1961) says of the plant "shoots hairy or wooly, petiole broadly winged, panicles long branched, fulvous hairy" and cites Mukerjee 293. Banterngsuk describes the plant as a large tree, common in dry deciduous forests in Thailand; Rock also refers to it as a common tree in that country. It has been collected in anthesis also in July and December. The corollas on Banterngsuk 6 are de- scribed as having been "purple". Additional citations: BURMA: Herb. Burma Forest School 22 (W—17166h4); Huk s.n. [Burma, 1890] (W--73891). THAILAND: Banterngsuk 6 [Herb. Roy. Forest Dept. 1991] (W--206782); Rock 166 (W--1171368, W--1171369). VITEX LONGISEPALA King & Gamble Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 254-255 & 325. 1967. VITEX LUCENS T. Kirk Additional bibliography: Allan, Fl. N. Zeal. 1: 959-960. 1961; D. Price, Contrib. N. S. Wales Nat. Herb. 3: 194. 1961; Seikel, Chow, & Feldman, Phytochem. 5: 39-55. 1966; J. S. Beard, Journ. Ecol. 55: 277. 1967; Seikel, Chow, & Feldman, Biol. Abstr. 8: 9450. 1967; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 255--256 (1967) and 16: 501. 1968. Seikel and her associates (1966) report that the wood of this species is a rich source of glycoflavonoid (C-glycosylflavonoid) compounds. In addition to the previously described apigenin de— rivatives vitexin (l',5,7-trihydroxyl-8-C-glucopyranosylflavone) and isovitexin (the 6-C-glucosyl isomer), the corresponding lu- teolin derivatives orientin and isoorientin have been discovered. Compounds of vitexin and orientin, which have xylose attached to 10 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 1 the 8-glucosyl group, are also present. The most unusual constit- uents are wight compounds which appear to be 6,$-di-C-glycosyl derivatives of apigenin and luteolin. Several compounds in each series are inter-convertible in hot acidic solution. Beard (1967) speaks of a V. glabrata which is one of the main members of the broadleaf tree level in Australia along with Eu- calyptus and Terminalia., He is undoubtedly here referring to V. lucens. VITEX MADIENSIS Oliv. Additional bibliography: A. Chev., Sudania 1: 11. 1911; Mol- denke, Phytologia 15: 257--260. 1967. VITEX MADIENSIS var. BAUMII Pieper Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 258-259. 1967. Additional citations: ANGOLA: Bie-Cuando-—Cubango: E. J. Mendes 2632 (Rf). VITEX MADIENSIS var. MILANJIENSIS (Britten) Pieper peat bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 259--260. 1967. The corollas on Lewalle 2255 are described as having been "rose violacé clair", on his 1328 as "bleuté", on 2296 as "blanc sale", and on 2355 as "blanc et bleu". This collector has encountered this plant growing at 900 meters altitude. Additional citations: BURUNDI: Lewalle 03 (Ac), 1115 (Ac), 1328 (Ac, Rf), 2296 (Ac), 2355 (Ac, Rf). ANGOLA: Huila: Goss- weiler 13) (Rf). VITEX MASONIANA Pittier Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 260. 1967. Recent collectors describe this plant as a tree, 50—75 feet tall [Allen says "50 m.", but surely in error], with a trunk di- ameter of 6-~15 inches at breast height, coarse leaves, and fruit brown and "fruity in odor", green when immature, growing at the edge of roads, at 15—l,00 meters altitude, in anthesis also in February and March, in immature fruit in June and in mature fruit in October. Allen describes it as "infrequent" in Darién. The corollas are described as having been "white" on J. A. Duke 8387, "lavender" on P. H. Allen 265, and "blue" on P. H. Allen 4588 and J. A. Duke 978). Vernacular names for the tree are reported as "Ncuajado", "kwidi machi", and "pu-pu-chiru". The specific epithet is often uppercased. Duke assures us that the tree is not used by the Chocoi Amerinds in Panama. The H. Pittier 6604, distributed as V. masoniana, is actually V. floridula Duchass. & Walp. Additional citations: PANAMA: Darien: P. H. Allen 265 (E— 1191569), 4588 (E--1572218); J. A. Duke 8367 (Rf), 13116 (Ac), 1639 (Ac, E—1909076); Stern, Chambers, Dwyer, & Ebinger 299 (E— 1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 12: 1757555), 903 (E--1757560). Panam4: J. A. Duke 14189 (E~- 1909075). COLOMBIA: Chocé: J. A. Duke 9764 (Oh). VITEX MEGAPOTAMICA (Spreng.) Moldenke Additional bibliography: Schnitzl., Icon. Fam. Nat. Reg. Veg. 137. 1856; Rosengurtt, Estud. Prad. Nat. Urug. 5: 394. 1946; Rios de Moura Baptista, Anais XV Congr. Soc. Bot. Bras. 200. 196h3 Dombrowski & Kuniyoshi, Araucariana 1: 1). 1967; Anon., Biol. Ab- str. 8 (20): S.181. 1967; Rimpler & Schulz, Tetrahed. Lett. 22: 20332035. 1967; Rimpler & Schulz, Biol. Abstr. 8: 9253. 19673 Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 261--263. 1967. Recent collectors describe this plant as a tree, 8 m. tall, growing in forests and at forest margins, at 500 to 1000 meters altitude, with the vernacular names "flor anil" and "taruffa". Additional citations: BRAZIL: Parand: Hatschbach 15363 (W-- 2564724). Rio Grande do Sul: Rambo 37993 (B), 4520 (B), 49270 (B), 51795 (B). Santa Catarina: Smith & Klein 116) (N). ARGENTINA: Misiones: A. G. Schulz 7151 (N). VITEX MEGAPOTAMICA f. ALBIFLORA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 263. 1967. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Parané: Hatschbach 13392 (W— 256667); Hatschbach & Guimar&es 15151 (W--2563953, Z). VITEX MICRANTHA Gttrke Additional bibliography: Cave, Ind. Pl. Chromosome Numb. 1: 54. 1958; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 263—26 & 31). 1967; N. H. A. Cole, Bull. Inst. Fond. Afr. Noire 30: 107. 1968. Cole (1968) reports that this species grows among trees in matured secondary forests on slopes in Sierra Leone, flowering in February and March. Cave (1958) reports the diploid chromo- some number for the species as 32. VITEX a hag H.E.K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pl., ed. folio, 2: 199. I5Ly. Additional & emended synonymy: Vitex mollis Humb. & Bonpl. apud Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 888. 1821. Vitex trifolia Sessé & Moc. ex Moldenke, Prelim. Alph. List Invalid Names 52, in syn. 19)0 [not V. trifolia Graham, 1966, nor Kemsl., ishs, nor L., 1753, nor L. f., 1895, nor Moon, 1895, nor Vahl, 191, nor "sensu Matsumura & Hayata", 1963]. Additional & emended bibliography: H.B.K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pl., ed. folio, 2: 199 (1817) and ed. quart., 2: 25. 1818; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 888. 1821; Barnhart, Bull, Torrey Bot. Club 29: 590. 1902; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 26--267 (1967) and 16: 495. 1963. It should be noted that the H.B.K. reference dates given a- bove have been authenticated by consultation of the work on this subject by Barnhart (1902). The corollas are described as having been "purple" on J. 12 PHY DO.d) Oo Grd, A Vol. 17, now 1 Rzedowski 2207 and the plant was collected in a deciduous tropi~- cal forest. A note on the sheet states that "one digit [is] mis- sing in [the] collection no, given". What that missing digit is has not been determined. Additional citations: MEXICO: Chiapas: F. Miranda 818) (W— 250835). México: J. Rzedowski 2207 (Mi). Morelos: Pringle 6993 (Ms—3091,8) . VITEX MOMBASSAE Vatke Additional bibliography: Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk, Med. & Poi- son, Pl. S. Afr., ed. 2, 1055 & 1454. 1962; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 266—267. 1967; Friedrich-Holzhammer in Merm., Prodr. Fl. Stidw. Afr. 122: 10. 1967. Additional citations: ANGOLA: Huila: E. J. Mendes 1625 (Rf). PORTUGUESE EAST AFRICA: Mozambique: M. F. Correira 119 (Rf). VITEX NEGUNDO L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 638. 1753 [not V. negundo Cur- tis, 1832, nor Lour., 1934, nor Noronha, 1790]. Additional & emended synonymy: Vitex negunda Willd. ex Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 2 [Carey], 3: 70. 1832 [not V. negunda Mill., 1768}. Vitex leucoxylon Blanco apud Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 2: 121k, in syn. 1895 [not V. leucoxylon L., 1829, nor L. f., 1781, nor Roth, 1956, nor Roxb., 181), nor Schau., 1893, nor Span., 1856, nor Wall., 187, nor Willd., 1832]. Vitex negundo L. f. apud Naithani, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 8: 260. 1966. Vitex trifolia Graham ex Chavan & Oza, Mahar. Savaj. Univ. Baroda Bot. Mem. 1: 187, in syn. 1966 [not V. trifolia Hemsl., 1949, nor L., 1753, nor L. f., 1895, nor Moon, 1895, nor Sessé & Moc., isho, nor Vahl, 191, nor "sensu Matsumura & Hayata", 1963]. Additional & emended bibliography: J. F. Gmel. in L., Syst. Nat., ed. 13, pr. 1, 2: 963 (1789) and pr. 2, 2: 963. 17963 Pers., Sp. Pl. 3: 361. 1819; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 888, 1821; Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 2 [Carey], 3: 70 & 71. 18323 Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beech. Voy. 206. 1836; Schnitzl., Icon. Fam. Nat. Reg. Veg. 137. 1856; Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb., ed. 1, 297. 1881; Watt, Econ. Prod. India 5: 29) (1883) and 7: 255. 1883; Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. 13h. 1885; Watt, Dict. Econ. Prod. India 6 (4): 248—250. 1893; Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb., ed. 2, 539-—5l0. 1902; Prain, Beng. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 832 & 833. 1903; Duthie, Fl. Upper Gang. Plain 2: 22). 1911; R. N. Parker, For. Fl. Punjab 39). 1918; A. Chev., Cat. Pl. Jard., Bot. Saigon 36. 1919; Gamble, Fl. Presid. Madras 2: 1101 & 1102. 192); Hosokawa, Journ. Soc. Trop, Agr. Taiwan 6: 206. 193k; Selling, Bishop Mus. Spec. Publ. 38: 274, 275, & 411. 19h7; Li & Keng, Taiwania 1 (2—-l): 127. 1950; Kuck & Tongg, Mod. Trop. Gard. 77 & 236. 1955; Encke, Pareys Blumengtrtn., ed. 2, 46. 1960; Cave, Ind. Pl. Chromosome Numb. 2: 137. 1961; Deb, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 3: 315. 19613 H. F. MacMillan, Trop. Plant. & Gard., ed. 5, pr. 3, 198 & 366. 1962; Prain, Beng. Pl., ed. 2, 2: 621, 622, & 1012. 1963; Sharma & Mukhopadhyay, Journ. Genet. 58: 359, 366, 376, 383, & 539, pl. LL, fig. 30. 1963; Maheshwari, 1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 13 Fl. Delhi 281. 1963; A. Banerjee in Lahiri, West Beng. Forests 56. 1964; Puri, Jain, Mukerjee, Sarup, & Kotwal, Rec. Bot, Surv. India 19: 107. 1964; Cave, Ind. Pl. Chromosome Numb, 2: 331 (196)) and 2: 438. 1965; Banerji, Rec. Bot. Surv. India 19: 75. 1965; Sen & Naskar, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 7: 60. 1965; M. S. Mani, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 7: 11. 1965; B. C. Stone, Micronesica 2: 132. 1966; S. V. Ramaswami, Study Flow. Pl. Bangalore [thesis] xxix, 1029--1039, & 1467. 1966; Panigrahi, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 8: 3, 4, & 11. 1966; Panigrahi & Joseph, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 8: 151. 1966; Matthew, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 8: 16). 1966; Bala~ pure, Bull, Bot. Surv. India 8: 190 & 19. 1966; Jain & De, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 8: 27. 1966; Naithani, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 8: 260. 1966; Rao & Rabha, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 8: 301. 1966; J. L. Ellis, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 8: 337. 1966; Santapau, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 8: 39. 1967; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 8: 10560. 1967; R. R. Stewart, Pakistan Journ. Forest. 17: 515. 1967; Mol- denke, Phytologia 15: 30h—311 (1967) and 16: 493-95, 500, & 501. 1968; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 9: 851 (1968) and 9 (2): 8. 72 & S.186. 1968. It should be noted here that the Vitex trifolia of Hemsley, referred to in the synonymy above, as well as that of "sensu Matsumura & Hayata", is a synonym of V. trifolia var. simplici- folia Cham., that accredited to Moon is V. altissima L. f., that accredited to Vahl is V. triflora Vahl, that of Sess& & Mocifio is V. mollis H.B.K., while that of Linnaeus is a valid species, with the homonym accredited the Linnaeus the younger as a syno- nym. The V. leucoxylon of Linnaeus the younger is a valid spe- cies, with the homonym accredited to Linnaeus the elder as a synonym, as well as that ascribed to Willdenow, while the V. leucoxylon accredited to Schauer is V. glabrata R. Br., that ascribed to Roth and to Roxburgh is V. glabrata var. bombacifo- lia (Wall.) Moldenke, that accredited to Spanoghe is V. parvi- flora A. L. Juss. and that ascribed to Wallich is V. leucoxylon L. f. Aggarwal & Mukherjee (1963) state that this plant, along with Clerodendrum inerme, Cyperus stoloniferus, and Sporobolus maderaspatanus, play an important réle in stabilizing dunes on Rameswaram Island and Krusadi Island, but surely the typical form of the species is not here being referred to -- probably it is V. trifolia var. simplicifolia Cham. to which reference is here being made. Balapure (1966) records V. negundo from Madhya Pradesh, where he found it growing in moist shady places along riverbanks and "very common" in waste places, along roadsides, and on riverbanks. Rao & Sastry (196) also refer to it as common along watercourses in that state. Ellis (1966) records it from Andhra Pradesh and cites a National Herbarium no. 15911. Jain (1963) found it in Gujerat, Rao & Rabha (1966) in Assam, and Santapau (1967) in Sau- rashtra. Bhattacharyya (196) reports it as "common" in Uttar Pradesh. Panigrahi and his associates (196) found it to be "a- ly P Hexst10ub OrG A Vol. 17, now 1 bundant on river banks" in Orissa; Lau describes it as abundant in dry sandy soil on Hainan Island. Jain & De (1966) report that in West Bengal, where it is know as "begna" and "ichur", a decoction is made of the leaves which is given with Andrographis and/or Hyoscyamus to cure coughs, gout, and symptoms related to colds and the leaves are used for fumiga- ting huts to remove flies and mosquitoes, citing Jain 7903. Muk- erjee (1965) also avers that V. negundo is a common on shrub in the villages of West Bengal. Kuck & Tongg (1955) point out that it is wind-resistant and grows rapidly and irregularly. Janardhanan (1963) found it to be scarce in Maharashtra, where it is called "nirgud" or "nirgundi", and where the leaves are used as a tonic and vermifuge and the leaf-juice by the local population to re- move fetid discharges and worms from ulcers. Joseph (1963) found the plant "fairly common near streams" in Madhya Pradesh, while Malick (1966) describes it as "common" in West Bengal and cites Chatterji 3. Panigrahi & Joseph (1966) claim that it is "abundant" in Nefa and cite a National Herbarium no. 16788. Panigrahi (1966) reports it as "abundant on dry open flat hilltops" and on hill slopes in Bihar and cites no. 11891. Ramaswamy (196) encountered it growing along riverbanks with Phyla nodiflora under a thick growth of Salix tetrasperma in Bangalore and also in hedges there. Naithani (1966) refers to it as "rare" and cites no. 23873. Vidal (1885) cae Cuming 1886. Deb (1963) reports that the species inhabits moist and dry decid- uous forests. Maheshwari (1963) describes V. negundo as it occurs in Delhi, India: "Flower clusters lax, in a widely spreading panicle; leaf- lets mostly broader [than in ve agnus-castus].....A shrub or small tree. Branchlets quadrangular, densely white-tomentose. Leaflets 3-5, 10--17 x 2.5—-l cm., petiolulate, lanceolate, acuminate, white-tomentose beneath. Flowers lavender to blue, in loose clusters, arranged in a large terminal panicle. Drupes black. Planted in gardens, lawns and along railway lines. Com- mon in the Bangar tract on raised bunds along the roads. The warmed leaves are applied to painful and rheumatic swellings; the macerated ones are used as cooling medicine on the forehead in headache. Local name: Sambhalu. Flowers: Major part of the year.!' He cites Maheshwari 118 & 689. Banerji (1965) cites his no. 536. Prain (1963) records the s) species from Bihar and Chota Nagpur _ and gives the following additional vernacular names for it: "begunia" and "sandbhalu". Banerjee (1964) records the name "sindubara" for it, while Stewart (1967) tells us that the species is very common "in graveyards and near streams" in Swat, Pakistan, while Chevalier (1919) reports it cultivated in Vietnam *under the name "c&y ngu trdu". Cave. (1961, 196), 1965) reports the haploid number of chromo- somes as 12 and the diploid as 26 and 3). MacMillan (1962) reiterates that in India the leaves and bark of this plant are used in the treatment of toothache, rheumatism, 1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 15 and eye diseases, as well as for a tonic, carminative, and vermi- fuge. Watt (1893) includes V. bicolor Willd. and V. arborea Desf. in the synonymy of V. negundo. The latter, however, is a synonym of V. negundo fie alba Ptei, while the former is V. trifolia var. bicolor (Willd.) Moldenke It should perhaps be noted here that the V. negundo accredited to Curtis is actually V. negundo var. heterophylla a (Franch.) Rehd., that accredited to Loureiro is V. quinata (Lour.) F. N. Will., while that of Noronha is V. pinnata L. Encke (1960) describes V. negundo as follows: "Indien bis Ost~ asien und Malesien. Juli--August. Bis m hoher, baumartiger Strauch. Bl#¥tter fingerftrmig-5z¢%hlig, mit linealisch-lanzett— lichen, gez%hnten, 5--10 cm langen Bl&ttchen. Bltften in end- stindigen, 15--20 cm langen zusammengesetzten Rispen, lila oder lavendelblau. uh The species has been collected in fruit in July as well as in the months previously recorded. Ching states that it is "common" along roadsides in Kwangsi, while Rodin describes it as "common along streambanks" in Swat. The corollas are described as having been "pink" on Liang 6661, "purplish" on R. C. Ching 5150, "blue-purple" on n Koelz 2 137, "bluish" on Taam 1728, and "blue" on Rodin 5427, Tsang 5.n, Sone [Herb. Lingnan Univ. 16629], and E. H. Wilson . 10972. A note accompanying Clemens & Clemens 380) indi- cates that the species occurs wild and also in cultivation in Annan. Material has been widely misidentified and distributed in herbaria under the names V. agnus-castus L., V. incisa Lam., V. negundo var. cinnmabifolia (S. & Ze) Metcalf, ve trifolia Ls, and even Buddleia asiatica Lour,. There seem definitely to be at least two forms of what is cur- rently being regarded as the typical form of this species. One of these bears a striking similarity to the typical form of V. trifolia L. [e.g., Babu Ram 99, Hafizthan s.n. [Balakoli], Rodin 5h27, S. N. Singh 18 [3.8.2 & 11.1.25], and R. R. Stewart 17067]. The other form is more typical of what I regard as V. as V. negundo in the strict sense. Examples are Barchet 556, H. H. Bartlett 6267, R. ©. Ching 5450, Clemens & Clemens 380k, erase 196, A. Henry D2 & 9750, “Koelz 3147, Ge O. 0. Levine s.: Son. [Herb. Canton Chr. Coll. 376), Liang ang 6,661, Nagazawa Son. [July ies8. Peng, Tak, & Kin s.n. (Herb. Canton Chr. Coll. 12670], Poilane 8130, Taam 1728, Tanaka 97, Tanaka & Shimada 17878, E. H. H, Wilson 1697, and - Ying 1263. The complex needs further study. It is very possible that V. negundo and V, trifolia hybridize where they grow together. _ Barchet 556 appears to be a mixture with var. cannabifolia (Sieb. & Zucc.) Hand.-Mazz. The Rock 3880, 5055, & 90LL dis- tributed originally as V. negundo, ar are all cotypes of Se alba 16 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 1 P'ei; Ling vie & sen. (Herb. Univ. Nanking 9386], as well as Herb. Univ. Nanking 9366, appear to be var. heterophylla (Franch. ) Rehd.; and thiac 2704, R R. C. Ching 229, Farges s a.Be, Pung 21196, 1105, 14580, & 1877h, “petelot 117 1170, “Rook 6961, Si 27733 & rear 27843, Tsiang & P'ei S725, Tsui 303, E. H. Wilson 790 & 2702, and Zimmermann 2 appear to represent var. intermedia (P'ei) Moldenke. It is, however, very obvious that the named varieties grade into each other in most confusing fashion, I am not at all certain of the true identity of the Herb. Post s.n. [Hamath, Aug. 188], cited below. It was origimlly identi- fied and distributed as V. agnus-castus L., but most certainly cannot be that species in its restricted sense. It may be a ma- ture fruiting specimen of V. agnus-castus var. pseudo~negundo Hausskn., but it also greatly resembles V. negundo. Additional citations: SYRIA: Herb. Post s.n. [Hamath, Aug. 1884] (W—805058). PAKISTAN: Swat: Rodin 5427 (W—22),2322) . INDIA: East Punjab: Koelz 3147 (W—1667937), bb 4137 (W—1607992) . Mussoorie: R. R. Stewart 17067 (W-—-1992176). Siwalik & Jaunsar: Babu Ram 99 CW 70327). Uttar Pradesh: Crovalti 81 [July] (W— 1372659) , “81 [November] (W—-1372659); Mohammed s.n. [13.7629] (We 1716645), sen. [5.11.29] (W--17166)5); K. Singh 80 (W—1347706); S. N. Singh 16 [3.8.2h] (W—1347745), 18 (11.1.25] (W~13L,77h5) . CEYLON: Fraser 196 (W--73890). CHINA: Chekiang: Barchet 556, in part (W--596118). Hupeh: E. H. Wilson 121 (W—596717), 2701 (W--77769). Kiangsi: E. He Wilson 1697 7 (W--77729). Kwangsi: R. C. Ching 54:50 (W--121,8670). Kwangtung: C. O. Levine s.n. (Herb. Canton Chr. Coll. 376] (W—778695) ; Peng, Tak, & Kin s.n. (Herb, Canton Chr. Coll. 12670) (W-—-12)7923); Ying g 1263 (i 1513156). Yttnan: A. Henry 9750 (W—l57296). CHINESE COASTAL ISLANDS: Hainan: S. K. Lau 298 (W--162916h); Liang 6,661 (W-— 1671297). Lantau: Tsang s.n. (Herb. Lingnan Univ. 16629] (Ww— 12,9326). HONGKONG: Taam 1728 (W--22),)}633). INDOCHINA: Annam: Clemens & Clemens 380 (W--1]27683, W--1,2768)); Poilane 8130 (W——239,576). WESTERN PACIFIC ISLANDS: FORMOSA: H. H. Bartlett 6267 (W--12)8580); Nagazawa s.n. [July 1928] (W--2063380) ; Naka- hara s.n. [1905] (W—-1053769); A A. Henry 1142 (W--55567); Tanaka 97 (W--1528110); Tanaka & Shimada 17878 (W--1700296); E. H. Wil- son 10972 (W—105),281). CULTIVATED: India: Voigt 272 (W— 2126892). LOCAKITY OF COLLECTION UNDETERMINED: Hafizthan s.n. [Balakoli] (W—~1239953). VITEX NEGUNDO f. ALBA P'ei Additional bibliography: Watt, Dict. Econ. Prod. India 6 (): 248. 1893; Moldenke, Phytologia is: 308. 1967. This plant has been collected at altitudes of 8000 to 10,000 1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 17 feet, flowering in August. The corollas are described as having been. "blue" on Rock 10465, "bluish" on Rock 5055, “pale-purple" on Rock 3880, and nd "lavender-blue" on Rock ck 90h. It is therefore evident that the statement made by me in Phytologia 15: 308 (1967) concerning V. arborea Fischer and V. arborea Desf. belon- ging here because the represent white-flowered plants is entirely incorrect. If Schauer and Jackson are correct in placing these binomials in V. negundo, then they appear to represent a white- flowered form for which I am proposing the name V. negundo f. albiflora Moldenke. Additional citations: CHINA: Yttnnan: J. F. C. Rock 3880 (W— 1332136—cotype), 5055 (W--1332137—-cotype), 90h (W—13321138— cotype), 10465 (W--1332139). VITEX NEGUNDO f. ALBIFLORA Moldenke, nom. nov. Synonymy: Vitex arborea Fischer ex Desf., Cat. Hort. Paris, ed. 3, 391—392. 992. 1829 {not V. arborea Bréon, 1955, nor Brown, 1806, nor Roxb., 181]. Vitex ; arborea Desf. apud Schau. in A. DC., Prodr. 11: 685, in syn. yn. 1847. Bibliography: Desf., Cat. Hort. Paris, ed. 3, 391—392. 1829; Schau. in A. DC., Prodr. ll: 685. 187; Watt, Dict. Econ. Prod. India 6 (k): 248. 1893; Jacks. in Hook. f. a Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 2: 1213 (1895) and pr. 2, 2: 1213. 1946; Moldenke, Phyto- logia a 486. 1957; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 2: 1213. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 308. 1967. This form differs from the typical form of the species in having white corollas. As yet I have not seen the type of this taxon, doubtless preserved in the Paris herbarium, but I am assuming that Schauer, Watt, and Jackson are correct in placing it in V. negundo. It should be noted here that the V. arborea ascribed to Bréon belongs in the synonymy of V. beraviensis var. acuminata, that accredited to Brown belongs in the synonymy of V. heptaphylla A. L. Juss., while that of Roxburgh is V. pinnata L. VITEX NEGUNDO var. CANNABIFOLIA (Sieb. & Zucc.) Hand.-Mazz. Additional synonymy: Vitex negundo var. cinnabifolia (S. & Z.) Metcalf ex Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 15 & 17, in syn. 1968 Additional bibliography: Kitamura & Okamoto, Col. Dlustr. Trees & Shrubs Japan 221. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 308 (1967) and 17: 15 & 17. 1968. An additional vernacular name recorded for this plant is "nindinboku", Material of this variety has been widely misiden- tified and distributed as V. incisa Lam. and V. negundo f. inter media P'ei. Zimmermann Wy2 a; appears to be a mixture with var. in- termedia -- at least, on n most specimens the leaf serration seams to be far too uniform for var. intermedia. Additional citations: CHINA: Chekiang: Barchet 556, in part (W- 18 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 1 596117). Shantung: Zimmermann 12, in part (W--7954,90). HONGKONG: C. Wright s.n. [Hong Kong] (W—-l916). WESTERN PACIFIC ISLANDS: JAPAN: Honshiu: Collector undetermined 365 (W—73902), s.n. (Sept. 1, 1890] (W--206182), s.n. (Yanaka, Musashi, 16 August 1910) (W--1178281); J. Matsumura s.n. (Tokio, Octob. 13, 1879] (W— 147605); Maximowicz s.n. (Yokohama, 1862] (W—73692). VITEX NEGUNDO var. HETEROPHYLLA (Franch.) Rehd. Additional & emended synonymy: Vitex simuata Raeusch. ex Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 888. 1821. Vitex negundo Curtis ex Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 2 [Carey], 3: 72, in syn. 1832 (not V. ne- gundo L., 1753, nor Lour., 1934, nor Noronha, 1790, nor Royle, 1919, nor Willd., 1918]. Vitex incisa Willd. ex Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 2 [Carey], 3: 72. 1832. Vitex chinensis Banks ex Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 2 [Carey], 3: 72, in syn. 1832. Additional bibliography: J. F. Gmel. in L., Syst. Nat., ed. 13, pr. 1, 2: 963 (1789) and pr. 2, 2: 963. 1796; Pers., Sp. Pl. 3: 360-361. 1819; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 888. 1821; Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 2 [Carey], 3: 72--73. 1832; Watt, Dict. Econ. Prod. India 6 (): 248 & 251. 1893; Bonstedt, Pareys Blumeng#rtn., ed. 1, 278. 1932; Encke, Pareys Blumengértn., ed. 2, 2: 46. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 307 & 309--311. 1967; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 49 (2): S.186. 1968. Encke (1960) says of this variety: "In Kultur wohl nur durch die strauchige var. heterophylla (Franch.) Rehd. (syn. var. in- cisa (Bunge) Clarke; V. incisa Bunge). Nord- und Centralchina, Mandschurei, Philippinen. Mit eingeschnitten-gezthnten oder fast fiederspaltigen, 2-8 cm langen Blu#ttchen. -- Um 1750. Bal. 364; NK. ly: 12; B.C. III:3481. (K) Nur im Weinbauklima bedingt winterhart. In kalten Wintern auch dort immer wieder zurtick- frierend, aber an einjthrigen Trieben im gleichen Herbst noch bltfhhend. Schtne Herbstblthher zur Verwendung in der N&he des Hauses auf der Gartenterrasse oder in Verbindung mit andern tropischen Blattpflanzen. Am besten ist frostfreie Uberwinter- ung und Mitte Mai Pflanzung ins Freie. Bei gute Pflege und Er- n&hrung machen sie in wenigen Monaten lange SchUsslinge, die in warmen Sommern fast immer noch zur Bltfte kommen. Vermehrung durch Aussaat und ausgereifte, krautige Stecklinge im Sommer." The variety has been collected at 200 meters altitude in Shantung. An additional vernacular name for it is "mu chin". The corollas are described as having been "bluish" on Chiao 3052 and as "Zavender" on K. H. Beach 145. nel —S=——_—- ———————————- 2807 are V. negundo var. intermedia (P'ei) Moldenke, C. 0. Le- vine s.n. [Herb. Canton Chr. Coll. 376] is V. negundo L., and 1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 19 C. 0. Levine s.n. [Herb. Canton Chr. Coll. 746] is V. sampsoni Hance. The Zimmermann ])2, originally distributed as this varie- ty, seems to be mostly var. cannabifolia (Sieb. & Zucc.) Hand.- Mazz., although it was identified by P'ei as his f. intermedia and at least one specimen of it has been so cited by me. Cer- tainly the collection is not var. heterophylla! Additional citations: CHINA: Chahar: Kozlov 71 (W--16585L9). Hopeh: K. H. Beach 145 (W--2070714), 228 (W--2070785); Chiao 227. (Herb, Univ. Nanking 2138] (W--155l,261); Cowdry sen [Vicinity of Peking, 1919] (W—1051760); H. J. Sheehan 98 (W—1576691). Shansi: Ling 167 [Herb. Univ. Nanking 9113] (W—1370452), 1721 [Herb. Univ. Nanking 9366] (W—-1370453), son. [Herb. Univ. Nan- king 9386] (W--1370454). Shantung: Chiao 3052 (W—~1576506) . Province undetermined: Bunge s.n. [Chin. bor. 1830] (W--297090) . VITEX NEGUNDO var. HETEROPHYLLA f. ALBA (Carr.) Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 310. 1967; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 49: 851. 1968. VITEX NEGUNDO var. HETEROPHYLIA f. MULTIFIDA (Carr.) Rehd. Additional synonymy: Vitex dissecta Vasey ex Moldenke, Phyto- logia 17: 19, in syn. 1968. Adi tional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 310—3l1. 1967. Material of this form has been distributed in herbaria under the name Ve incisa Lam. Additional citations: CULTIVATED: District of Columbia: Vasey sen. [Greenhouse, 1881] (W—7389)). Russia: Herb. Hort. Bot. Petrop. s.n. (W—73895). VITEX NEGUNDO var. INTERMEDIA (P'ei) Moldenke Additional bibliography: S. V. Ramaswami, Study Flow. Pl. Bangalore [thesis] 1030—1031 & 167. 1966; *Moldente , Phytologia 15: 307 & 311. 1967. Recent collectors have found this plant growing on slopes. Tsang reports it as "fairly common" and "abundant scattered shrubs" in Kwangsi, Norton refers to it as "common on open hill- sides" in Fukien, and Ching found it in "open thickets on stream banks" in Chekiang. The corollas are described as having been "lavender" on Chiao 2704 & s.n. (Herb. Univ. Nanking 105] and Koelz 4592, "bluish" on Rock 6981 and Tsiang & Ptei Sie5, "bhluish-purple" o: on R. C. Ching ng 229, "blue on J de EA - Norton ton 1558 and Tsang 27733, ~Wpink" on Tsang ng 278)3, and "white" on on Tsui 303 303. Herbarium material has been identified and distributed under the epithet V. negunda L., in addition to the epithets previously recorded. On the other hand, the C. Wright s.n. [Hong Kong] and the Zimmermann he and Barchet 556, | cited by Ptei or so identified 20 F BY TO O16 So Vol. 17, no. 1 by him, seem to me to be better placed as var, cannabifolia (Sieb. & Zucc.) Hand.-Mazz. “Tea ae Additional citations: INDIA: East Punjab: Koelz 4592 (W-—- 1667949). CHINA: Anhwei: Herb. Univ. Nanking 1726 (W—1345970). Chekiang: Barchet s.n,. (W—597586, 6, W—59759h); Chi Chiao s.n. [Herb. Univ. Nanking 10 cL) (W—1426576), s.n. (Herb. Univ. Nanking 14,580] (W-=11,26962) ; R. C. Ching 229 29 (W—-127250); Ae N. Steward sen. [Herb. Univ. Nanking 2387) (W—13l5971). Fukien: Je B. Nor- Nor- ton ton 1558 (W—1172734). Hupeh: E. H. Wilson 790 [7/07] (W—7771h3), 790 [12/07] (W—777143), 2702 [6/07] (W--777470), 2702 [8/07] (W— 777470). Kiangsi: Chiao s.n. [Herb. Univ. Nanking 1877) (W#— 15501). Kwangsi: Fung 21196 (W—1704611); W. T. Tsang 27733 (W—1757177), 2783 17 57268), 2807 (W176 7132). Kwangtung: C. O. Levine s.n. wn. (Herb. Canton Chr. Coll. 894] (W—-109167h), son. (Herd. Canton Chr. Coll. 1420) (W--877508), son. [Herb. Canton Chr. Coll. 1585] (W—877507), s.n. [Herb. Canton Chr. Coll. 3h)2] (W--1270970) ; Tsui 303 (W—1751587). Kweichow: Tsiang & Plei 5725 (W—-1575153). Shantung: Chiao 270) (W—1553816, W—1595051) . Szechuan: Farges s. s.n. (W—2)97126). “Ytinnan: Jd. F. C. Rock 6981 (W--1212126). Province undetermined: Schoch 27 (W—1174976). CHINESE COASTAL ISLANDS: Honam: C. O. “Levine s. sen. [Herb. Canton Chr. Coll. 250] (W—778606). THAILAND: Zimmermann 2 )W—595002). INDOCHINA: Tonkin: Pételot 1170 (W~—1717012). vi VITEX es a a H.B.K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pl., ed. folio, 2: 200. 1817. Additional synonymy: Vitex orinoccensis Humb, & Bonpl. apud Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 888. 1821. Vitex orineceasis Huber, in herb. Additional & emended bibliography: H.B.K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pl., ed. folio, 2: 200 (1817) and ed. quart., 2: 27. 1818; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 888. 1821; Barnhart, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 29: 590. 1902; Veilion, Revist. Forest. Venez. 5S: 59. 1962; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 313313. 1967. It should be noted that the H.B.K. reference dates given above have been authenticated by consultation of the work by Barnhart (1902) on this subject. VITEX ORINOCENSIS var. MULTIFLORA (Miq.) Huber Additional synonymy: Vitex orineceasis var. mltiflore (Mig) Huber, in herb. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 313. 1967. Breteler describes this plant as a tree, 13 m. tall, the trunk 35 cm. in diameter at breast height, branched from low down, the bark shallowly and finely fissured, brownish-gray, the leaflets papery, slightly glossy and medium—green above, paler and dull beneath, the corolla pale-purple (on his no. 3662), the fruit subglobose, glossy, smooth, black at maturity, and growing at 350 1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 21 meters altitude. Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Barinas: Breteler 3662 (W— 2465602), 3907 (W--265856) . VITEX OXYCUSPIS J. G. Baker Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 314. 1967; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 9: 390. 1968. VITEX OXYCUSPIS var. MOSSAMBICENSIS Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 31,—315. 1967; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 9: 390. 1968. VITEX PARVIFLORA A. L. Juss. Emended synonymy: Vitex leucoxylon Span. ex Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. 2: 863. 1856 [not V. leucoxylon Blanco, 1895, nor L., 1829, nor L. f., 1781, nor Naves, 1918, nor Roth, 1956, nor Roxb., 181, nor Schau., "1893, nor Wall., "18h7, nor *Willd., 1832]. Additional bibliography: Pers., Sp. Pl. 3: 360. 1819; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 888. 1821; Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. 13). 1885; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 316—317 & 320 (1967) and 16: 500 & 501. 1968. It should be noted that the V. leucoxylon of Linnaeus the younger is a valid species, with the homonyms ascribed to Lin- naeus the elder, to Wallich, and to Willdenow as synonyms, that of Blanco and of Naves is V. negundo L., that ascribed to Schauer is V. glabrata R. Br., and that accredited to Roth and to Rox- burgh is V. glabrata var. bombacifolia (Wall.) Moldenke. The corollas are described as having been "light-blue" on Seibert os This collector describes the plant as a tree, 6--8 meters meters tall, with blue-black fruit in August. He states that it is cultivated along the riverbank at Farm No. 5, Almirante, in the Changuinola District, by the United Fruit Company, in Panama, where it was originally introduced because "the wood is good for railroad ties". Vidal (1885) cites Cuming 114), 1365, & 1830 for this species. Herbarium material has been misidentified and distributed as ve floridula Duchass. & Walp. Additional citations: CULTIVATED: Hawaiian Islands: Degener & Degener 30092 (Ms—l9581). Panama: Seibert 1535 (E—1S 70765). — VITEX PEDUNCULARIS Wall. Additional synonymy: Vitex peduncularis "Wall. ex Schau." apud Deb, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 3: 315. 1961. Additional & emended bibliography: Watt, Dict. Econ. Prod. In- dia 6 (4k): 250. 1893; Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb., ed. 2, 541. 1902; Prain, Bengal Pl., ed. 1, 2: *830 & 833. 1903; Gamble, Fl. Presid. Madras 2: 1102 & 1103. 192k; Deb, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 3: 315. 1961; Prain, Bengal Pl., ed. 2, 3: 621, 622, & 1012. 1963; R. C. Ghosh in Lahiri, West Beng. Forests 197. 1964; Sen & Naskar, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 7: 60. 1965; Jain & De, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 22 FP BY /TiOet, OoGes & Vol. 17, now 1 8: 247. 1966; Rao & Rabha, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 8: 301. 1966; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 319-320. 1967. Prain (1963) describes this species as a tree, 20--l0 feet tall, and records it from Bihar, Chota Nagpur, and Orissa. Deb (1961) says "leaflets densely covered with mimte yellow glands beneath, panicles axillary", and cites Meebold 5739. Rao & Rabha (1966) record the species from Assam, while Jain & De (1966) tell us that in West Bengal it is known as "bhadu", the ripe fruits are eaten, the wood is used to make agricultural implements, and the leaves are eaten as a vegetable in the treatment of ophthal- mia. Ghosh (196) encountered the species at 150 meters altitude in the foothills of West Bengal. It has been found in flower and fruit in July. An additional vernacular name recorded for V. peduncularis is "kyelyo", while the name, "tin nok", previously recorded for it, is said to be applied also to V. limonifolia Wall in Thailand. Additional citations: INDIA: West Bengal: Cc. Be Clarke 11733c (W--802339). BURMA: Upper Burma: Annoon s.n. [Herb. Burma Forest School 93] (W—-17166)3); Prazer 7 (W--712906), 73 (W—712957). THAILAND: Native collector A.33 4.33 [Herd. Roy. Forest Dept. 5883] (W-206l,806). INDOCHINA: Cochinchina: Thorel 1006 (W--2)97093) . VITEX PEDUNCULARIS var. ROXBURGHIANA C. B. Clarke Additional bibliography: Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 2 [Carey], 3: 72. 1832; Watt, Econ. Prod. India 7: 25). 1883; Watt, Dict. Econ. Prod. India 6 (4): 250. 1893; Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb., ed. 2, 541. 1902; Prain, Bengal Pl., ed. 1, 2: "832 & 833 (1903) and ed. 2gnet 621 & 622. 1963; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 320. 1967. Prain (1963) records this variety from Bihar and from Chota Nagpur, and adds the vernacular name "marak'", In his 1903 work he cites the Watt reference given above as "E. D. 5: 17)". VITEX PHAEOTRICHA Mildbr. Pee bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 31) & 321— 322.5 1967. VITEX PIERREI Craib Additional bibliography: Moldenke, cartels 15: 323. 1967. Additional citations: THAILAND: Urs. D. J. Collins 706 (W— 1700656) . Pyne ee VITEX PINNATA L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 638. 1753 [not V. pinnata Lour., 1847, nor "Lour. ex Schau.", 1963). Additional & emended synonymy: Vitex negundo Noronha, Verh. Batav. Gen. 5, ed. 1, art. ): 86. 1790 [not V. : V. negundo Curtis, 1832, nor L., 1753, nor L. f., 1966, nor Lour., 193, nor Royle, 1919, nor Willd., 1918]. Vitex arborea Roxb., Hort. "Beng. 6, hyponym. 1814; Fl. Ind., ed. 2 [Carey], 3: 73. 1832 [not V. ar borea Bréon, 1955, nor Brown, 1806, nor Desf., 187, nor Fischer, 1829]. Pistacia vitex L. ex Watt, Dict. Econ. Prod. India 6 (): 1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 23 250, in syn, 1893. Vitex pubescens var. genuina Hochr., Candollea S: 191. 193). Additional & emended bibliography: J. F. Gmel. in L., Syst. Nat., ed. 13, pr. 1, 2: 963 (1789) and pr. 2, 2: 963. 1796; Pers., Sp. Pl. 3: 360 & 361. 1819; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 888. 1821; Roxb.,, Fl. Ind., ed. 2 [Carey], 3: 73—7. 1832; Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb., ed. 1, 297-298. 1881; Watt, Econ. Prod. India 7: 255. 1883; Watt, Dict. Econ. Prod. India 6 (l\): 250. 1893; Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb., ed. 2, 51. 1902; Prain, Beng. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 832 & 833. 1903; Gamble, Fl. Presid. Madras 2: 1101--1103. 1923 Cc. Coster, Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 38: pl. 6, fig. 2. 1928; Hochr., Candollea 5: 191—192. 193; M. R. Henderson, Cammon Malay. Wildfls. 39. 1961; Prain, Beng. Pl., ed. 2, 2: 621, 622, & 1012. 1963; Santapau & Wagh, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 5: 109. 1963; Douk, Trav. Lab. Mat. Méd. Pharm. Gal. Paris 50: 1--26. 1965; Sen & Naskar, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 7: 60. 1965; M.S. Mani, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 7: 11h. 1965; Anon., Ind. Bibliog. Bot. Trop. 3 (2): 15. 1966; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 323--325 (1967) and 16: 495. 1968; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 9: 851. 1968. Additional illustrations: C. Coster, Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 35s ple. O,, f2 Le. lett pete It should be noted here that the V. negundo of Linnaeus the elder is a valid species, with the homonyms accredited to Lin- laeus the younger, to Royle, and to Willdenow as synonyms, while the V. negundo ascribed to Curtis belongs in the synonymy of V. negundo var. heterophylla (Franch.) Rehd. and that ascribed to Loureiro is V. quinata (Lour.) F. N. Will. The V. pubescens ascribed to Heyne is a synonym of V. altissima L. f. The V. arborea accredited to Bréon is a synonym of V. beraviensis var. acuminata Moldenke, that accredited to Brown is V. heptaphylla A. L. Juss., while that ascribed to Desfontaines and to Fischer is V. negundo var. albiflora Moldenke. Santapau & Wagh (1963) feel that the name, V. pinnata Lour., should always be written "V. pinnata Lour. ex Schau.", but my contention has always been that such a double citation is de- sirably ONLY in a formal synonymy where complete bibliographic references are given. It is too cumbersome to give such a double credit citation on identification labels or in the text of a paper where it would be of little, if any, added value. Banternsuk describes V. pinnata as a "medium tree common in dry deciduous forests" in Thailand. The corollas are described as having been "purplish" on his no. 13. Mani (1965) reports a plant gall found on this species, made by Eriophyes cryptotrichus Nalepa. It is an epiphyllous hemispheric verrucose pouch-gall 0.5--5 mm. in diameter, and is his gall no. 29. The bibliographic reference "Gamble 772" is sometimes given in literature for this species, but has not as yet been located by me. The Burma Forest School 22, distributed as V. pinnata, is ac- tually V. limonifolia Wall. 2h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, now 1 Additional citations: INDIA: West Bengal: Helfer 132 (W— 1669076). BURMA: Tenasserim: Gallatly 1012 (W--263078). THAI- LAND: Banternsuk 13 [Herb. Roy. Forest Dept. 2010] (W—206,783); Hansen & Smitinand 12186 (Rf). VITEX PINNATA var. ALATA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 324 & 325. 1967; Moldenke, Biol, Abstr. 9: 851. 1968. Additional citations: INDIA: Khasi States: Hooker & Thomson s. n. [Mont. Khasia] (W--297073). VITEX PINNATA f. ANOMALA Moldenke Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia : 18. 19533; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 27: 2026. 1953; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 79-~80. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 198 & 78. 1959. VITEX PINNATA var. PANTJARENSIS (Hochr.) Moldenke, comb. nov. Synonymy: Vitex pubescens var. pantjarensis Hochr., Candollea 5: 191--192. 193k. Hochreutiner's original description of this taxon is as fol- lows: "Flores ochroleuci, calyx profundius dentatus, inflorescen- tia majus elongata thyrsoidea, folia 5-foliolata, sed ut in typo pubescentia et nervata. Java, Goenoeng Pantjar, 4 1'E. de Bui- tenzorg au pied de la montagne, formant de grands arbres especés dans la brousse et haute de + 6 m. alt. ca. 350 m., 17 septembre 190), fleurs jaun&tres (n. 186). Comme on le voit, c'est une variété trés distincte du type. D'aucuns y verront une espéce spéciale. Toitefois, comme les spécimens hindous du V. arborea Roxb. —- considérés comme synonymes -- ont le temps a autre 4 et peut-8tre 5 folioles, on peut considérer ce caractére come variétal." VITEX POBEGUINI Aubrév. This taxon has recently been shown to be conspecific with V. madiensis Oliv. and should therefore be deleted from my list of valid and accepted taxa. VITEX POGGEI Gtirke Additional bibliography: Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. l, pr. 1, 457 (1906) and pr. 2, 457. 191; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 80. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 143 & 478. 1959; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. l, pr. 3, 457. 1959. VITEX POLYGAMA Cham, — Additional bibliography: Bocq., Adansonia 3: [Rev. Verbenac.] 253. 1863; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 447 (1893) and 2: 121). 1895; Sampaio, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio Jan. 13: 258. 1937; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: )h7 (1946) and 2: 1214. 1946; Le Cointe, Amaz. Bras. III Arv. & Plant. Uteis, ed. 2, 292. 1947; Angely, Fl. Paran. 7: 13. 1957; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 80—89. 1957; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., 1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 25 Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 1: 4l7 (1960) and 2: 121). 1960; Moldenke, Phy- tologia 8: 75. 1961; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 12: 5. 1965. Recent collectors refer to this plant as a "touceira com di- versos caules, 2 m.", with red anthers and white pollen, growing in sandy soil, flowering in August, and known as "gratina". The corollas are described as "violet" on H. F. Martins 2h2 and as "yiolacea com tubo floral maisclaro" on Mattos & Mattos 8382. A cotype collection, in fruit, Sellow s.n., deposited in the herbarium of the Botanisches Museum at Berlin, was photographed there by Macbride as his type photograph number 17565 (in part), but is now destroyed. According to Sampaio (1937), the name "maria preta", recorded for Vitex polygama, is also applied to Blanchetia heterotricha P. DC., Cordia curassavica Roem. & Schult., Melanoxylum brauna Schott, and Zollernia ilicifolia Vog. The Schwacke s.n. [Man4], distributed as V. polygama, is actu- ally var. hirsuta Schau. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Guanabara: Alston & Lutz 1)2 (Ja—11096, Ja); Hans s.n. [30-10-1946] (Ja--43757, Ja); B. Lutz 919 (Ja--29)89); H. F. Martins 2,2 [Herb. Cent. Pesq. Florest. 1048] (Ac); Rosa 59 (Ja—523u2, Ja, Ja); N. Santos 5268 [236-2] (Ac, Ja), 5300 [237-2] (Ac, Ja), 5373 [2hh-3] (Ja, Ja). Minas Gerais: A. Castellanos 25421 (Herb. Cent. Pesq. Florest. 229] (Ac); Heringer 7257 (B). Rio de Janeiro: Glaziou 3860 (Ja— 5959). S&o Paulo: Mattos & Mattos 8362 (W--2i45191). State un- determined: Heringer 359 (B); Sellow s.n. [Brasilia; fructifera; Macbride photos 17565, in part] (W—photo of cotype). VITEX POLYGAMA var. BAKERI Moldenke Additional & emended bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 83 & 86--87 (1957) and 8: 75. 1961. VITEX POLYGAMA var. DUSENII Moldenke Additional & emended bibliography: Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 2: 121) (1895) and pr. 2, 2: 121). 1946; Angely, Fl. Paran. 7: 13. 1957; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 83 & 87--88. 1957; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 2: 1214. 1960; Mol- berg Phytologia 8: 75--76. 1961; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 12: 5. 1965. A specimen of G, Gardner 582, deposited in the herbarium of the Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques at Geneva, was photographed there by Macbride as his type photograph number 2703, but is not a type collection of any sort. The original description of V. laciniosa by Turczaninow (1863) is as follows: "Vitex (pyrostoma) laciniosa. V. tota pilis rufes- centibus tecta, ramis compresso-tetragonis; foliis longe petiola- tis 5foliolatis, foliolis obovato-oblongis, basi longe attenuatis petiolulatis, apice obtusis mcronulatis vel acutiusculis integer- 26 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, now 1 rimis aut subrepandis inconspicue denticulatis, supra pilis ad- pressis scabris, subtus praesertim ad nervationes densius pilosis cinereis; cymis axillaribus petiolo duplo brevioribus bifidis, cum flore solitario in dichotomia; bracteis linearibus flores ex- cedentibus; calycis dentibus tubum aequantibus, tubo corollae parum brevioribus. Bahia, Kegel No 12319. V. polygama Cham. et Schl. huic valde similis, differt tomento, praesertim in tergo foliorum multo densiore, atque corollis calycem duplo superanti- bus." Additional citations: BRAZIL: Guanabara: A, Castellanos 24027 {Herb. Cent. Pesq. Florest. 2864] (Ac); H. F. . Martins 337 (Herb. Cent. Pesq. Florest. 2870] (Z). Rio de Janeiro: G. Gardner Gardner 582 [Macbride photos 2703] (N—photo, W--photo). VITEX POLYGAMA var. GLAZIOVII Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 82, 83, & 88. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 111 & 78. 1959. VITEX POLYGAMA var. HIRSUTA Schau, Additional & emended bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 83 & 87--89 (1957) and 8: 76. 1961. A cotype specimen, Sellow s.n., deposited in the herbarium of the Botanisches Museum at Perlin, was photographed there by Mac- bride as his type photograph number 17565 (in part), but is now destroyed, The corolla is described as "blue" on Schwacke s.n., and the plant has been found in anthesis in December. Material has been misidentified and distributed in herbaria as typical V. polygama Cham. Additional citations: PRAZIL: Espirito Santo: Sellow s.n. [Macbride photos 17565, in part] (W--photo of cotype). Rio de Janeiro: Schwacke s.n. [Mand] (Ja—5968). VITEX POLYGAMA var. WARMINGII Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 83 & 89. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 112, 379, & 478. 1959. VITEX POOARA Corbishley Additional bibliography: A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 6: 219. 1926; J. Hutchinson, Botanist in South. Afr. 294. 1946; Moldenke, Phytologia G2 "76. 1961; Watt & Breyer—Drandwijk, Medic. & Poison. Pl. “Afrs;'ed.'2; 1025 & 15h. 1962; C. A. Sm., Common Names S. Afr. Pl. 243, 37h, 438, 439, 498, & 601. 1966. Smith (1966) records the vernacular names "hardekool", "poeraboom", "poerasboom", "stinkbessie", "stinkbos", "stinkbossie", and "weeluisbessie" for this species — the first of which is also applied to Combretum. He reports that the ripe drupes are black and have the offensive smell of bedbugs or "weeluis", but this does not deter the natives and Europeans from eating the fruit. Hutchinson (196) cites his no. 1877. 1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 27 VITEX PSEUDOCHRYSOCARPA Pieper Additional synonymy: Vitex pseudo-chrysocarpa Pieper ex Wors- dell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 2: 500. 19)1. Additional bibliography: A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 8: 29. 1933; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 90--91. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 133, 138, 143, 382, & 478. 1959; Huber in Hutchinson & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 2: 8. 1963; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 95. 1967; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 15: 25. 1967. Huber (19635 reduces this species to V. chrysocarpa Planch., but fails to cite the type collection, which is probably Dalziel 771 [not "Dabjiel" as stated in error previously], and, being a collection by one of the co-authors of the work in which Huber was writing, should have been available to him for examination. He does, however, cite Barter 121), a collection also cited by Pieper, so therefore doubtless bases his opinion on this specimen. VITEX PSEUDOCUSPIDATA Mildbr. Additional bibliography: A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 7: 252 (1929) and 8: 249. 1933; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 91. 1957; Mol- denke, Résumé 139 & 78. 1959. VITEX PSEUDOLEA Rusby Additional bibliography: A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 8: 29. 1933; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 91—93. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 85, 115, & 478. 1959; Soukup, Biota 5: 137. 196; Moldcenke, Résumé Suppl. 15: 5. 1967. Ferreyra describes this plant as a tree, 10—12 m. tall, with "violet" corollas, known locally as “palo de perro", the wood being used for timber. Additional citations: PERU: San Martin: Ferreyra 1829 (W— 1998617). BOLIVIA: Cochabamba: R. F. Steinbach héh (Si) cree Beni: 0. E. White 767 (G--isotype). VITEX PUBERULA J. G. Baker Additional bibliography: K. Schum, in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 28 (1): 497 & 498. 1902; Thiselt.-Dyer, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 2: 19). a Meee ae Phytologia 6: 93. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 11,8, 383, & 478. 1959. VITEX PULCHRA Moldenke Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 445-46. 1951; Moldenke in Humbert, Fl. Madag. 17h: 76, 132--133, 135, & 273, fig. 21, 1 & 2. 1956; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 93--9. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 157 & 78. 1959; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 12: 151. 1959. Illustrations: Moldenke in Humbert, Fl. Madag. 17h: 135, fig. 21, 1& 2. 1956. VITEX PYRAMIDATA B. L. Robinson Additional synonymy: Virex pyramidata Robins. ex Moldenke, Ré- sumé Suppl. 6: 11, in syn. 1963. 28 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 1 Additional & emended bibliography: Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew, Suppl. 1, pr. 1, 457. 1906; P. C. Standl., Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 23: 1235 & 12%. 192h H. B. Davis, "life & Works Pringle 115, 28), 668, & 669. 1936; Durand & Jacks., Ind, Kew, Suppl. l, pr. 2, 487 (191) and pr. 3. 457. 1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 76. 1961; Langman, Select. Guide Lit. Flow, Pl. Mex. 596 & 1010. 196); Moldenke in Shreve & Wiggins, Veg. & Fl. Son. Des. 2: 1261--1262. 196; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 265, 1967. Recent collectors describe this plant as a tree, to 5 m. tall, with fragrant flowers, fruiting in November and December, known locally as "capulin" or "jupari", and ascending from 100 to 1,00 meters altitude. It has been found growing in matorral with Byrsonima sp. or with B. crassifolia and Curatella sp., in dis- turbed matorral, or in open woods and pastures, "in rocky soil in association with Bursera, Erythrina, etc., in regular abundance" in Morelos. Feddema reports it "common" on savannas with Bryso- nima and Curatella, as well as in cleared areas, in Nayarit. In the same state it is said by McVaugh to be "occasional" with Bro- simum, Platymiscium, and Sapium, or to be "abundant" in rocky disturbed woodlands. The corolla is described as "blue" on J. Rzedowski 15267, "lavender" on R. Q. Abbott jl, and "hright-purple" on R. McVaugh 15223. In Shreve & Wiggins T96l) the distribution of the spe- cies is given as "On rocky hillsides, prairies, and basaltic mesas, in arroyos, and at edge of craters, Lower Sonoran to Tropical Zones, Sonora to Yucat4n. Employed by the natives for food, fuel, and construction. When burned, the ash is blue." The G. a Gaumer 607, distributed as V. ’ pyramidata, is actu- ally the type collection of V. gaumeri Greenn., Arguelles s.n. {San Bernardo, 12 Agosto 1958] is V. mollis H.B.K., and Janzen sen. [29 May 196] is not verbenaceous. ~~ Additional citations: MEXICO: Guerrero: Re Q. Abbott 11 (Ip); Hinton 10002 (RE) 10005 (Rf), nahh (Rf); Paray 1915 1915 (Ip). Jal- isco: Herb. Univ. Kans. Mex. Exped. W.57 (W—2088629); A. R. Mol- denke 1823 (Rf); Pringle 29 (Ms—-309)9—isotype); J. Rzedowski 15267 (Du—513631, Ip). Ip). México: Hinton 4086 (Rf); R. Ve eae Moran 10159 (Du--)9815)). Morelos: Cox & Guzm4n MCC MCC 0631 (Ip). Nayar it: Feddema 877 (Mi), 1343 (Mi), 2632 (Mi); R. McVaugh 15223 (Mi), 19089 (Mi); J. Raedowski 11396 aie 1786, (Ip, Mi). Sin- aloa: J. J. Gonzalez Ortega 7193 {ip} a" Sonora: “Arguelles s.n. (San Bernardo, 18 Octubre 1958] (Rf). VITEX QUINATA (Lour.) F. N. Will. Additional & emended synonymy: Vitex hetrophylla Roxb. apud Kawakami, List Pl. Formos. 85, sphalm,. 1910. Vitex inata (Lam.) F. N. Will. apud S. Sasaki, List Pl. Formos. 353, sphalm. 1928. Vitex negundo Lour. ex Crevost & Pételot, Bull. Econom. Indo-chine 37: 129], in syn. 193) [not V. negundo Curtis, 1832, 1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 29 nor L., 1753, nor L. f., 1966, nor Noronha, 1790, nor Royle, 1919, nor Willd., 1918]. Vitex quinata Dop ex Fletcher, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1938: 434, in syn. 1938. Connutia quinata Lour. apud Li, Wood. Fl. Taiwan 83h, in syn. 1963. Vitex quinata Lour. ex Mol- denke, Résumé Suppl. 15: 25, in syn. 1967. Vitex quinaria (Lour.) F, N. Will., in herb. Additional & emended bibliography: Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. l, 228. 1821; Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 2 [Carey], 3: 75. 1832; Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beech. Voy. 206, pl. 8. 1836; Bocq., Adansonia 3: [Rev. Verbenac.] 253. 1863; Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb., ed. 1, 296. 1881; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 619 (1893) and 2: 1213 & 121). 1895; Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb., ed. 2, 539. 1902; Prain, Beng. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 832 & 833. 1903; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 189. 1908; Kawakami, List Pl. Formos. 85. 1910; Dunn & Tutcher, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. Addit. Ser. 10: 20), 1912; A.W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 6: 219. 1926; S. Sasaki, List Pl. Formos. 353. 1928; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 6: 478 & 479. 19313 Pei, Sinensia 2: 70 & 73. 1932; E. D. Merr., Comm. Lour. 33). 1935; Backer, Tectona 29: 686. 1936; Kanehira, Form. Trees, rev. ed., 652, fig. 608. 1936; Fletcher, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1938: 432 & 43h. 1938; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 619 (1946) and 2: 1213 & 121). 196; Neal, In Gard. Hawaii, ed. 1, 643. 1948; Anon., Kew Bull. Gen. Index 1929-1956, 8h & 293. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 1: 619 (1960) and 2: 1213 & 121). 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 76. 1961; Liu, O- lustr. Nat. & Introd. Lign. Pl. Taiwan 2: 1230, pl. 1038. 1962; Li, Wood. Fl. Taiwan 16, 832, 83h, & 973. 1963; Prain, Beng. Pl., ed. 2, 2: 621, 622, & 1012. 1963; Srinivasan & Agarwal, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 5: 68. 1963; Panigrahi, Chowdhury, Raju, & Deka, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 6: 255. 1964; Smitinand, Govt. Sarawak Sympos. Ecol. Res. Humid Trop. Veg. 1 & 43. 1965; Mukerjee, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 7: 135. 1965; Backer & Bakh., Fl. Java 2: 606. 1965; Sen & Naskar, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 7: 60. 1965; Hatusima, Mem. Fac. Agr. Kagoshima Univ. 5 (3): 16 & 7. 1966; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 15: 8, 9, & 25. 1967; Moldenke, Phyto- logia 15: 2hh & 307. 1978. Additional illustrations: Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beech. Voy. pl. 48. 1841; Kanehira, Form. Trees, rev. ed., fig. 608. 1936; Liu, Illustr., Nat. & Introd. Lign. Pl. Taiwan 2: pl. 1038. 1962. It should be noted here that the V. negundo of Linnaeus the elder is a valid species, with the homonyms ascribed to Linnaeus the younger, to Royle, and to Willdenow as synonyms, while that accredited to Curtis is V. negundo var. heterophylla (Franch.) Rehd. and that ascribed to Noronha is V. pinnata L. The Hooker & Arnott reference given in the bibliography a- bove is sometime erroneously cited as "181", but actually pages 193 to 288 and plates 0 to 59 in this work were issued in 1836. Recent collectors describe this plant as a tree, 12-21 m. tall, the trunk 15 cm. to 2 m, in diameter, the bark grayish- brown, the immature fruit green or yellow, and the mature fruit 30 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 1 purplish-black to black, growing in ravines, the edges of cleared ravines, mixed forests, open moist wood-margins, and dry ground beside forests. The corollas are described as having been "white" on Lau 153, Lei 714, and W. T. Tsang 176, "white-purplish" on Wang 33752, "blue" on Lau 16, "pink" on Taam 1532, and "yellow" on W. T. Tsang 719. “Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink (1965) describe the species as follows: "Leaflets 3-5, pellucid dotted (by the presence of cystoliths. In dried materials the upper surface of the leaves often shows a whether or not [=more or less?] circumvallate shal- low depression near each cystolith.), petioluled, oval-elliptic- obovate-oblong, mostly acuminate, herbaceous or thinly coriaceous, pubescent on the nerves when young; median one 5-13 cm by 2 1/2 - 6 em, on a petiolule 1 1/2 -- 3 cm long, the other ones smaller, on shorter petiolules; petiole 2--10 cm. Panicles terminal and often also in the upper leaf-axils, 5--25 cm long; cymes 1/2 — 3 em (inclusive of 2--10 m petiole); calyx 3—-), m, with broad teeth; corolla sordidly violet; tube 5--7 m, inside glabrous or (from the insertion of the stamens up to the base of the lower lip) with few to many hairs; filaments glabrous or basally spar- ingly hairy, shortly exserted; drupe subglobose, 3/l) — 1 cm di- am. Tree.......not too dry forest." They certainly meant to say "peduncle" rather than "petiole" in their description of the length of the cymes. They include V. sumatrana Miq. and V. vel- utina "K. & V." in the synonymy of V. quinata. Hatusima (1966) gives the distribution of the species as "In- dia to S. China, Formosa, Malaysia". Srinivasan & Agarwal (1963) record it from West Bengal, Assam, and East Bengal. Panigrahi and his associates (196) refer to it as "abundant" in Orissa, but Hatusima (1966) tells us that it is "rare" on Batan Island. Mukerjee (1965) states that this tree "helps with sufficient moisture to convert a deciduous forest to evergreen", Vernacular names recorded for it include "five-leaved chaste-— tree", "hu'kham", “kaaz&ab", "ka wariba-nimzinboku", "kuburasi", "n6a-4", "O-ninjin-baku", "oo-nimzinboku", "o-tin", "patt'ttu", "pd-kiu", "poorasu", "pw-kiang", and "soa-po-kiwn". Li (1963) cites Faurie 1021, A. Henry 1182, 1182 A/B, & 1182 C, Kawai s.n., Kawakami & Mori 7, Keng 1369, Makino s.n., Matuda 359 & sen., Oldham 38), Owatari s.n., Suzuki 20503, and E. H. Wilson 10019 & 11127 from Formosa. Material has been misidentified and distributed in herbaria ener 181, Greenwood 3ha, A. Henry 1182 & 1182c, Keng K.1%9, Liang 62780, Peng, Tak, & Kin s.n. [Herb. Canton Chr. Coll. 12613), Pételot 963, A. C. Smith 4307 & 6295, and F. K. Ward 37559, distributed as typical V. quinata, are actually var. pu- berula (H. J. Lam) Moldenke, while E. H. Wilson 11127 is the type collection of var. serrata Moldenke, Herb. Canton Chr. Coll. 1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex Si) 12882 and E. H. Wilson 08 are V. canescens Kurz, C. Wright s.n. [Hong Kong] | is. Ve. negundo - var. cannabifolia (Sieb. ~& Zuec. Zuce.) Hand.- Mazz., and Clemens & . & Clemens 3394 is V. tripinnata (Lour.) Merr. Additional citations: CHINA: Chekiang: R. C. Ching 1987 (W— 1346846). Kwangsi: R. C. Ching 7309 (W—12),8677). Kwangtung: C. O. Levine s.n. (Herb. Canton Chr. *. Coll. 10] (W—-778511), s.n. [Herb. Canton Chr. Coll, 999] (W--779162), s.n. (Herb. Canton Chr. Coll. 1206] (W—1173131), s.n. [Herb. Canton Chr. Coll. 1807] (W— 142869), son. [Herb. Canton on Chr. Coll. 1876] (W--13,7890); Tsi- ang 1066 (W--1513168) ; Ying 770 (W--1513078). Yttnnan: A. Henry 12638 8 (W--59211). HONGKONG: aA Y. Chun 5177 (Ws); Taam m 1532 (1 (w— 2063819) , 18,6 (W—-2072690). CHINESE E COASTAL ISLANDS: Hi Hainan: Chun & Ts0 1395) (BL), 44673 (W--167522); Fung 20420 (Mi); F.C. How How 70570 (eae 70858 (Bi); How & Chun 70248 (W (W--1669L,2),) ; Lau 16 (W--1629005), 153 3 (W--1629221); Led i 66 (W—-1753851), wen (i. 1654279); Liang gz 62069 (W--1670785) 5 F. A. McClure 786 TH [Herb. Ling= nan Univ. 18320] ~ (W==1666),92) ; We T. Tsang 178 , 178 (Herb. Lingnan U- niv. 15677] (W--1250000), 223 (Herb. Lingnan Univ. 15722] (W-- 12,9809), 719 [Herb. Lingnan Univ. 17468] (W-—-1672609), 868 [Herb. Lingnan Univ. 16367] (W--12)997), gh (Herb, Lingnan Univ. 16443] (W~-12)9327); Wang 33752 (1670257), 34267 (W--1670370) . Honam: Eee. Canton Chr. Coll. 166 ear WESTERN PACIFIC VITEX QUINATA var. PUBERULA (H. J. aie Moldenke Additional synonymy: Vitex mindanaensis Merr. ex Moldenke, Ré- sumé Suppl. : 21, in syn. 1962. Additional bibliography: Thiselt.-Dyer, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 2: 194. 1904; Maun, Philip. Journ. Forest. 16: 108. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 11-78 (1961) and 15: 2h) & 307. 1967. Merrill based his V. mindanaensis on an unnumbered collection made by B. Rafael and S. S. Ponce in Butuan Subprovince, Mindanao, Philippine Islands, in September or October, 1913 {Herb. Philip. Forest Bur. 20746], deposited in the United States National Her barium at Washington, Elmer describes the variety as a stocky tree, 25 feet tall, the trunk 12 inches thick, the wood moderately soft, whitish, soon discoloring to a dirty-white, odorless and tasteless, the bark thick, grayish-white, finely checked, the branches numerous above the middle, forming a dense elongated crown, the twigs ascending, greenish=brown, with elongated lighter-brown lenticels, the peti- oles green and ascending, the leaflets horizontally recurved, strongly conduplicate on the upper sublucid and darker-green sur- face, thinly coriaceous, the inflorescence erect, greenish, slightly fragrant, the corolla creamy, the upper segment purp- lish-streaked, the filaments whitish, and the anthers purplish- brown, Keng describes the bark as pale-gray and furrowed. 32 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 1 The variety has been found growing on fertile soil of open grasslands at altitudes of 15 to 1080 meters, Additional vernac- ular names for it are "shek wong king®, "tai wong muk", and "topas", The corollas are described as "violet" on F. K. Ward 37559. Material has been misidentified and distributed in herbaria under the names V, glabrata R. Br., V. heterophyllum Koxb., V. negundo Le, Ve quinata (Lour.) F. N. Will., V. pentaphylla Merr., Teijs- manniodendron coriaceum (Cs Be Clarke) Kosterm., and Araliaceae, Additional citations: CHINA: Kwangsi: R. C. Ching 5552 (W-- 12,8671). Kwangtung: Peng, Tak, & Kin s.n, (Herd. Canton Chr. Coll. 12613] (W—12)8228). Tinea: "Feng g 13396 (A). CHINESE COASTAL ISLANDS: Hainan: Liang 62780, in in part (W—~1670920) . THAILAND: Smitinand 859 (Fg); F. K. Ward 37559 (S). INDOCHINA: Tonkin: Pételot 963 (W—1759227). MALAYA: Perak: Corner 31625 (N). WESTERN PACIFIC ISLANDS: FORMOSA: A. Henry 1182 182 (W—-l55592), 1182c (W-—-l55593); Keng K.13%69 (W--2035969, W—2035970). PHILIP- PINE ISLANDS: catalan Elmer 11602 (Bi, N); Rafael & Ponce s.n. [Herb. Philip. Forest Bur. 2076] 6) (W—-900566) . INDONESIA: GREAT- ER SUNDA ISLANDS: Celebes: Laleno 49 [Boschproefst. B. b. 194.44) (Bi); Waturandang 619 [Boschproefst. Cel/V.385] (Bi). Sarawak: M. Jacobs 51) (W—2377357). Sumatra: Yates 1609 (Mi). MELANE- SIA: YASAWA FIJI ISLANDS: Viti Levu: 0. Degener er 14)81 (Bi); J. W. Gillespie 2953 (Bi, Bi), 4164.1 (Bi, Bi), 4691.8 (Bi); Greenwood 3hha (Bi); A. | A. C. Smith 4307 (Bi (Bi), 6295 (Bi). VITEX QUINATA var. SERRATA Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei foliolis grosse serratis recedit. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its leaflet-blades coarsely serrate along the margins a- bove the middle. The type of the variety was collected by Ernest Henry Wilson (no. 11127) in forests along the upper Pinan River, province of Pinan, Fon Formosa, on November 17, 1918, and is deposited in the United States National Herbarium at Washington. The collector describes the plant as a tree, to 60 feet tall, with a spread of 15 feet. The type is in full fruit, so the serrate character of the leaflets cannot be ascribed to the specimen being from a watersprout, as might otherwise be said. It was originally dis- tributed as V. heterophylla Roxb. and annotated as V. quinata (Lour.) F. N. Will by Hui-lin Li in 1951. Citations: WESTERN PACIFIC ISLANDS: FORMOSA: E, H. Wilson 11127 (W--1052),00--type) . VITEX RADULA Mildbr. Synonymy: Vitex robynsi DeWild., Plant. Bequaert. 5: 13--1kh. 1929. Additional & emended bibliography: DeWild., Plant. Bequaert. 1968 Moldenke, Notex on Vitex 33 5: 13--14. 1929; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 49--51 & 10h. 1942; H. No & A. L. Moldenke, Plant Life 2: 79. 1948; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib, Verbenac., ed. 2, 115, 117, 120, & 202. 199; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 108 & 116. 1957; Mol- denke, Résumé 143, 145, 1:8, 150, & 478. 1959; Moldenke, Phyto= logia 8: 78. 1961; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 13: 3, 5, & 7. 1966. The binomial, Vitex radula Mildbr., appears to have been pro- posed first as a hyponym on July 1, 1928, and validated on May 30, 1929. The binomial, V. robynsi DeWild., was also validly publish- ed in 1929, but as yet I have not been able to ascertain the ex- act month or day. I am therefore tentatively reducing it to synonomy under V. radula, since the two taxa are apparently con- specific. The type of V. robynsi, as has been stated previously, was collected by my good friend, Prof. Dr. Frans Hubert Edouard Arthur Walter Robyns (no. 1913) in a shrubby savanna at Kasenga, at an altitude of about 970 meters, in the Republic of the Congo, on April 8, 1926, and is deposited in the herbarium of the Jar- din Botanique de l'Etat at Brussels. Recent collectors describe V. radula as semi-climbing or as a shrub, 3.5 m. tall, growing in rather wet or sandy soil, on shrub- by or on secondary woody savannas, in deciduous forests, secon- dary evergreen forests, dense brachystegia-Pterocarpus forests, or Brachystegia forests with groups of Oxytenanthera abyssinica in black sandy soil with granite boulders, at 800 to 1100 meters al- titude, called "bebesuco" or “linuna-nuna", flowering in February, and fruiting from February to April and in June. The corollas are described as "white" on Barbosa 1037. The Torre 1268, distributed as V. radula, is actually V. thyr- siflora J. G. Baker. Additional & emended citations: CONGO LEOPOLDVILLE: Robyns 1913 (Br, Br, N--photo, Z—-photo). ZAMBIA: Bredo 008 (Br, N). PORTUGUESE EAST AFRICA: Cabo Delgado: Torre & Paiva 12005 (U1). Manica e Sofala: Andrada 1059 (U1); Barbosa 1037 (Ul, Z), 1583 (U1); Torre 4340 (Rf, Ul). Niassa: Torre & Paiva 10732 (Ul), 10951 (Ul, Z). VITEX RAPINI Beauvis. Enended synonymy: Vitex rapinii Beauvis. ex Moldenke, Résumé 388, in syn. 1959; Guillaum., Mém. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. Paris B. 15: 315. 1967. Additional bibliography: Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 189. 1908; Moldenke, Résumé 206, 342, 388, & 478. 1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 78. 1961; Guillaum., Thorne, & Virot, Univ. Iowa Stud. Nat. Hist. 20 (7): 45. 1965; Guillaum., Mém. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. Paris B15: 315. 1967. Guillaumin, Thorne, & Vitot (1965) cite Thorne 285)1 from New Caledonia. Guillaumin (1967) states that the species grows in serpentine at 900 meters altitude, and cites Baumann 823). 3h PHD EO CG's. A Vol. 17, now 1 VITEX RAPINIOIDES Guillaum, Emended synonymy: Vitex rapinoides Guillaum. ex A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 297. 1938. Additional & emended bibliography: A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 297. 1938; Moldenke, Résumé 205, 368, & 478, 1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 78. 1961. Additional citations: MELANESIA: NEW HEBRIDES: Aneityum: J. Wilson s.n. [Kajewski 992] (Bi—isotype). Efate: Kajewski 211 (Bi). Eromanga: Kajewski 299 (Bi). VITEX REGNELLIANA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Ee Je Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 11: 265. 19533 Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 83, 84, 89, & 110—112. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 112 & 78. 1959. Pp. VITEX REHMANNI Gtirke Emended synonymy: Vitex rehmannii Gtirke ex Molcenke, Alph. List Invalid Names 55, in syn. 1942; J. Hutchinson, Botanist in South. Afr. 335. 196. Additional bibliography: Thiselt.-Dyer, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 2: 19h. 190); Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk, Med. & Poison, Pl. S. Afr., ed. l, 15 & 21. 1932; J. Hutchinson, Botanist in South. Afr. 335. 196; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 2h. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 15), 388, & 4.78. 1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 78-—-79. 1961; Watt & Breyer- Brandwijk, Med. & Poison, Pl. S. Afr., ed. 2, 1055 & 145). 1962; R. H. Campton, Journ. S. Afr. Bot. Suppl. 6: 66. 1966. The corollas are described as "white" on Sidey 1310. Hutchin- son (196) cites his no. 218, which, he says, had "mauve" corol- las. Compton (1966) records the species from Swaziland. Additional citations: SOUTH AFRICA: Transvaal: Schlieben 7526 (N); Sidey 1310 (S). VITEX REHMANNI f. SUBTOMENTOSA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Résumé 154, 388, & 78. 1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 79. 1961. VITEX RESINIFERA Moldenke Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3: l46é—7. 1951; Moldenke in Humbert, Fl. Madag. 17h: 72, 8h—86, & 273, fige 11 (4—6). 1956; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 11). 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 157 & 478. 1959; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 12: 151. 1959. Illustrations: Moldenke in Humbert, Fl. Madag. 17): 85, fig. 11 (4-6). 1956. VITEX RIVULARIS Gtirke Additional bibliography: Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 189. 1908; F. R. Irvine, Pl. Gold Coast 38. 1930; Dalz., Useful Pl. W. Trop. Afr. 458. 1937; Aubrév., Fl. For. Cot. Iv., ed. 2, 3: 233, pl. 3%, fig. 5—7. 1959; F. R. Irvine, Woody Pl. Ghana 76. 1961; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 79. 1961; Huber in Hutchinson & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 2: lS & ib. 1963; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 12: 7. 1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 35 1965; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 25) & 256. 1967. Illustrations: Aubrév., Fl. For. Cot. Iv., ed. 2, 3: pl. 336, fig e 5-7 ° 1959 e Recent collectors and authors describe this plant as a forest tree, 30--75 feet tall, the stem with thin bark, often fluted, the bark whitish-green or brow, fairly smooth, papery, longitud- inally furrowed, the wood soft or hard and white, the slash olive-brown, with brownish longitudinal lines; leaves digitate; leaflets 5—-7, elliptic-lanceolate, long-petiolulate, 15 cm. long, 5 cm. wide, entire, acuminate at the apex, pubescent be- neath, the secondaries 12 pairs; flowers small, mumerous, white, lilac-tipped or tinged with purple,bluish in bud, borne in open, slender, rich, long-pedunculate, wide-spreading cymes which are dichotomously branched; fruit edible, black, ellipsoid or obo- void, 1/2 inch long, borne in an enlarged cup-shaped fruiting- calyx. The species grows in deciduous forests, flowering in April and May, fruiting in June, July, and October. The fruit is eaten by game. Additional vernacular names recorded for it are "ash", "akwakora gyahina", "(m)bli", "m'vassa", ‘nterowa", "otwe", and "Stwe nt>}rowa". Huber (1963) states that the species occurs also in French Cameroun and the Congo. The Zenker s.n. [Bipindi], distributed as V. rivularis, is actually V. longipetiolata Gtirke. Huber (1963) cites the following collections: GHANA: F.R. Irvine 951; Vigne FH.865, 895, & 109. LIBERIA: Baldwin 6285 & 6491. IVORY COAST: Chevalier 19097. SOUTHERN NIGERIA: Jones & Onochie FHI.18760; Kennedy 910. BRITISH CAMEROONS: Mildbraed 10535. Additional citations: CAMEROONS: Zenker 376) (W—-55),189). ANGOLA: Cabinda: Monteiro & Murta 89 (Ul). VITEX ROBYNSI DeWild. This taxon is now regarded as conspecific with V. radula Mildbr. and should therefore be removed from my list of valid and accepted taxa. VITEX RUBRA Moldenke Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 7. 1951; Moldenke in Humbert, Fl. Madag. 174: 75, 115, 117--118, & 273, fig. 17 (6—-8). 1956; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 116-117. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 157 & 478. 1959; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 12: 151. 1959. Illustrations: Moldenke in Humbert, Fl. Madag. 174: 115, fig. 17 (6--8). 1956. VITEX RUBRO=AURANTIACA DeWild. Additional & emended bibliography: A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 8: 29. 1933; Moldenke, Résumé 1),3 & 78, 1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 79. 1961. Additional citations: CONGO LEOPOLDVILLE: Louis 518 (B), 5786 % PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 1 (B), 617% (B). VITEX RUFESCENS A. L. Juss. Additional bibliography: H.B.K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pl., ed. folio, 2: 200 (1817) and ed. quart., 2: 26. 1818; Pers., Sp. Pl. 3: 360. 1819; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 888. 1821; Barnhart, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 29: 590. 1902; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 2: 121) (1h95) and pr. 2, 2: 121k. 196; Hill & Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 10: 2h. 1947; Moldenke, Phytologia 5: 430 (1956) and 6: 83. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 112, 387, 389, & 478. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 2: 1214. 1960; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 12: 9. 1965; Mol- denke, Phytologia 15: 27. 1967. Tavares describes this species as a tree, about 5m, tall, with a trunk diameter of 20 cm., known as "tamanqueiro", and found growing on the grounds of the Escola Agronomia do Nordeste at Paraiba, with the comment "Cultavada?". It was misidentified and specimens distributed as V. guerkeana Hiern. An isotype of V. perriana — Blanchet 3434 — in the herbarium of the Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques at Geneva was photo- graphed there by Macbride as his type photograph number 30187, while the actual type, in the herbarium of the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle at Paris was photographed by him as his type photograph number 39501. It should be noted that the H.B.K. reference dates given above have been authenticated by consultation of the work by Barnhart (1902) on this subject. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Blanchet 33 [Macbride photos 30187 & 39501] (W-—-photo, W—-photo). Rio de Janeiro: H. F. Martins 209 [Herb. Cent. Pesq. Florest. 574] (Z). CULTIVATED: Brazil: Tavares 856 (W—2l03610). VITEX RUFESCENS var. ABLUDENS (Moldenke) Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 120-121. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 112, 388, & 478. 1959. VITEX SAMPSONI Hance Additional & emended bibliography: Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 2: 121). 1895; Dunn & Tutcher, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf, Addit. Ser. 10: 20). 1912; Hand.-Mazz., Ann. Hort. Gothenb. 9: 68. 193k; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 2: 121). 196; Moldenke, Résumé 171 & 478. 1959; Jacks. in Hook, f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 2: 121). 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 79—80. 1961. The Levine collection, cited below, is marked "topotype". Additional citations: CHINA: Kwangtung: C. O. Levine s.n. (Herb. Canton Chr. Coll. 746] (W—-779018). VITEX SCABRA Wall. Additional & emended bibliography: Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 2: 121) (1895) and pr. 2, 2: 144. 1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 37 1946; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 122. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 166 & 478. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 2: 121k. 1960. VITEX SCANDENS Moldenke Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia : 63--6 (1952) and 6: 122. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 202, 388, & 478. 1959; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 12: 151. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 12: 8. 1965. Clemens describes this plant as a scandent shrub, with flowers "dull brick purple with yellowish margin", growing at 2500 to 4500 feet altitude. Additional citations: MELANESIA: NEW GUINEA: Northeastern New Guinea: M. S. Clemens ),1775a (A). VITEX SCHAUERIANA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Hill & Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 10: ali. 1947; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 123—~-12h. 1957; Moldenke, Ré- sumé 112, 386, & 478. 1959. A cotype specimen of this species —- Blanchet 2782 — in the herbarium of the Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques at Geneva, was photographed there by Macbride as his type photograph number 30188, while another of the same collection, deposited in the herbarium of the Naturhistorisches Museum at Vienna, is his type photograph number 31,300. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Blanchet 2782 [Macbride photos 30188 & 34300] (W—photo of cotype); Frées 20182 (Ww— 2390L5) « VITEX SCHLIEBENI Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 9. 1959; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 35: 1688. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 80. 1961; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.li: 592. 1962; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 13: if). 1966. Additional citations: TANGANYIKA: Schlieben 6008 (N—isotype, W—-221),711——isotype) . ee eeera Bate VITEX SCHOMBURGKIANA Schau. Additional bibliography: Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind, Kew., pr. 1, 2: 121) (1895), pr. 2, 2: 121) (1946), and pr. 3, 2: 121). 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 80. 1961. The type specimen of this species — M. R. Schomburgk 21 — deposited in the herbarium of the Botanischer Garten und Museum at Berlin, was photographed there by Macbride as his type photograph mimber 17566, but is now destroyed. Additional citations: BRITISH GUIANA: M. R. Schomburgk 21 [Macbride photos 17566] (W--photo of type). VITEX SCHOMBURGKIANA var. GRANDIFLORA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 126. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 112 & 78. 1959. 38 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 1 VITEX SEBESIAE H. J. Lam Additional bibliography: A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 7: 252. 1929; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 126—128. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 198 & 478. 1959. VITEX SECUNDIFLORA H. Hallier Additional bibliography: A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 6: 219. 1926; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 32: 222 & 2353. 1958; Moldenke, R6é- sumé 191 & 478. 1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 80. 1961; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.5: 2. 1962. VITEX SEINERI Gtirke Additional & emended bibliography: A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew, Suppl. 8: 29. 1933; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 129. 1958; Moldenke, Résumé 148 & 478. 1959. VITEX SELLOWIANA Chan. Additional bibliography: Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 2: 1213 & 121) (1895) and pr. 2, 2: 103 & 10). 1946; Hill & Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 10: 2h. 1947; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 2: 1213 & 144. 1960; Mol- denke, Phytologia 8: 80. 1961. The type specimen of this species -- Sellow 1137 — deposited in the herbarium of the Botanischer Garten und Museum at Berlin, was photographed there by Macbride as his type photograph number 17567, but is now destroyed. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul: Sellow 137 (Macbride photos 17567] (W—photo of type). VITEX SERETI DeWild. Additional bibliography: Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 4, pr. 1, 2h8 (1913) and pr. 2, 248. 1958; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 132. 1958; Moldenke, Résumé 143 & 78. 1959. VITEX SIAMICA F. N. Will. Additional bibliography: Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 189. 1908; Fletcher, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1938: 432 & 435. 1938; Anon., Kew ea Gen, Index 1929-1956, 293. 1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 80. 1961. Recent collectors have found this plant growing on limestone rock walls at sealevel, flowering in August, Additional citations: THAILAND: Larsen, Smitinand, & Warncke 1238 (Ac). Fr VITEX SIMPLICIFOLIA Oliv. Additional synonymy: Vitex cordata Aubrév., Fl. Forest. Sou- dano-Guin. 50. 1950. Additional & emended bibliography: Gttrke in Engl., Pfl. Ost- Afr. C: 339. 1895; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. l, 2: 121k. 1895; K. Schum. in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 28 (1): 97. 1902; Thiselt.-Dyer, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 2: 19). 190; J. H. Holland, 1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 39 Kew Bull. Addit. Ser. 9 [Useful Pl. Nigeria 3]: 526. 1915; Lely, Useful Trees N. Nigeria 116. 1925; Dalz., Useful Pl. W. Trop. Afr. 457. 1937; Aubrév., Fl. Forest. Soudano-Guin. 50. 1950; Moldenke, Phytologia 5: 305. 1955; Moldenke, Résumé 133, 13), 136—140, 143, 381, 383, 389, & 478. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 2: 121). 1960; F. R. Irvine, Woody Pl. Ghana 76h. 1961; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 80. 1961; Jaeger & Winkoun, Bull. Inst. Franc. Afr. Noir 2) [ser. A, no. 1]: 79. 1962; Huber in Hutchinson & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 2: WS & L7. 1963; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 48: 10099. 1967; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 100 & 232 (1967) and 16: 498. 1968. Huber (1963) reduces V. vogeiii J. G. Baker to synonymy under V. simplicifolia. I regard it as a variety. Recent collectors and authors describe V. simplicifolia as a small tree or shrub, to 15 feet tall and with 1 foot girth, "often larger (?)", with dense pale indumentum; leaves 1- or 3- foliolate on the same tree, the leaflets 5 inches long, 1/2 inches wide, broadly elliptic, densely pubescent beneath when young, the secondaries 8 pairs, the petioles pubescent; flowers small; corolla greenish or mauve, tomentose, the lobes blue- purple or violet; fruit small, obovoid, violet-black, over 1/2 inch long, 3-celled, on a hard saucer-shaped fruiting-calyx or "cupped like an acorn", with a thin edible pulp, and a large 3- or h-seeded stone. The species is said to inhabit savannas, flowering from Janu- ary to June, fruiting in March and June. The twigs are used in Northern Nigeria to make "tooth sticks" or "chew sticks". In the Ivory Coast a lotion is made from the bark to use in the treat- ment of skin diseases and toothache. Additional vernacular names recorded for it are “abisa" and ‘nambara digali". The name, "bummere", recorded previously for the fruit, is applied also to the fruit of Hannoa undulata. Huber (1963) cites the following collections: MALI: Aubréville 1868, Chevalier 2767, De Ganay 22. IVORY COAST: Aubréville }28, 139h, 1540, & 1967-1969. DAHOMEY: Aubréville 6d & 57d. NORTH- ERN NIGERIA: Barter 16, Dalziel 176, Dent Young 206, Lely 819 & P.197, Meikle 1070, Trueblood FHI .4319. SOUTHERN NIGERIA: Barter 1096. BRITISH CAMEROONS: Latilo & Daramola FHI.34490 [this col- lection I regard as V. simplicifolia var. vogelii, which see]. He also comments "Also in Cameroun, Uganda and extending to Egypt and Sudan", Irvine (1961) cites Brown 2286, Kinloch 3342, Kitson 689, and Vigne 3002, 3777, & 3786 from Ghana and says "Distribu- tion: Fr. Sudan to Cameroons and Sudan", VITEX SIMPLICIFOLIA var. VOGELII (J. G&G. Baker) Pieper Additional bibliography: K. Schum, in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 28 (1): 497. 1902; Thiselt.-Dyer, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 2: 19). 190k; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 80-81. 1961; Huber in Hutchinson & Dalz., FIS We"Trop. Afr., od. 2, 2: ulits 19605 Huber (1963) reduces this taxon to synonymy under typical V. o P Hever, OF b OVGd A Vol. 17, no. 1 simplicifolia Oliv., but I am following Pieper in giving it vari- etal status. The Latilo & Daramola 34490, which I have previous- ly cited as this variety, Huber cites under V. simplicifolia. VITEX SNETHLAGIANA Huber Bibliography: Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 39 & 104. 1942; H. Ne & Aw L. Moldenke, Plant Life 2: 8. 198 Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 2, 95 & 202. 19193 Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 136-137. 1958; Moldenke, Résumé 112 & 478. 1959; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 13: lyk. 1966. VITEX SPRUCEI Briq. Additional bibliography: Thiselt.-Dyer, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 2: 19). 190); A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 298. 1938; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 33: 1215. 1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 81. 1961; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.5: ly. 1962. The type specimen of this species: —- Spruce 2767 — deposited in the herbarium of the Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques at Geneva, was photographed there by Macbride as his type photograph number 2705. Prance, Pena, Forero, Ramos, & Monteiro 3938 is said to have had its Scredlas "white with an et lon center", , and these collectors Pe Ie ca the plant as a tree, 22 mn. tall, with a trunk diameter to cm. The Murga Pires 781, distributed as V. sprucei, is not verben- aceous; “it is ; probably something in the B: Bignoniaceae. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Amazénas: Ducke 51 (W--1693056, W--187528)); Frées 20510 (W—2)39073); Prance, ce, Pena, Forero, Ra- mos, & Monteiro ro 3938 (N, (N, Rf); Spruce 2767 [Ma Tr phot os 2705] G=aneee of type). VITEX SPRUCEI var. LONGIDENTATA (Moldenke) Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 139—~10. 1958; Moldenke, Résumé 112, 389, & 78. 1959. Additional citations: BRAZIL! Amaz6nas: Frées 21398 (W— 239613) « VITEX SPRUCEI var. VAUPESENSIS Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 33: 1215. seinen Phytologia 8* 81. 1961; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A. e 1962 VITEX STAHELII Moldenke Additional bibliography: E. J. Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. ll: 265. 1953; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 81. 1961. Berti describes this plant as "Arbol de 28 m. de altura total x 102 cm., yema terminal: complanada contorno m4s o menos cénico. Ramitas terminales, verdosas con lenticelas alargadas y cremosas. Fruto: color morado negruzco. Semilla 1, envuelta en una pulpa cremosa, carnosa"., It has been found in flower and fruit in May. 1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex yl Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Bolfvar: E. L. Little 17659 (Ve). Delta Amacuro: Berti 143 (N, S, 2), 163 (Ac, N); Wurdack & Monachino 3968 (N). VITEX STELLATA Moldenke Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 8. 1951; Moldenke in Humbert, Fl. Madag. 17: 76, 125, 126, & 273, fig. 19 (l—6). 1956; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 1)2—13, 1958; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 12: 151. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé 157 & 78. 1959. Illustrations: Moldenke in Humbert, Fl. Madag. 17): 125, fig. 19 (4-6). 1956. VITEX STRICKERI Vatke & Hildebr. Additional bibliography: Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 2: 1214 (1895), pr. 2, 2: 121 (1946), and pr. 3, 2: 1214. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 81--82. 1961. Recent collectors describe this plant as a much-branched or scrambling shrub, to ) or 5 feet tall, with rough bark, colorless sap, and panicles of aromatic flowers, the calyx brownish-green, filaments cream, and anthers brown, growing in groups in thickets on red-brown loam, the margins of thickets in Brachystegia wood- lands, or very local in Acalypha fruticosa - Acacia - Croton - Haplocoelum - Grewia similis open to closed brushland on shallow black cotton soil with lava rock pavements, to 2000 meters alti- tude, flowering in February. The corolla is said to have been "white on Tanner 3420, "white tubular" on Greenway 9175, and "cream" on Drummond & Hemsley 1810. Additional citations: UGANDA: Mearns 280 (W—-630295). TANGAN- YIKA: Drummond & Hemsley 1810 (B); Tanner 2383 (B), 3420 (S). KENYA: Greenway 9175 (B). VITEX STYLOSA Dop Additional & emended bibliography: A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 298. 1938; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 143--1). 1958; Moldenke, VITEX SUMATRANA Miq. Additional bibliography: Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 2: 121) (1895), pr. 2, 2: 1214 (1946), and pr. 3, 2: 1214. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 82. 1961. VITEX SWYNNERTONII S. Moore Additional bibliography: Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 5, pr. 1, 273 (1921) and pr. 2, 273. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 82. 1961. VITEX TANGENSIS Gtirke Additional & emended bibliography: Gtirke in Ingl., Pflanzemv. Ost-Afr. C: 339-—-340. 1895; K. Schum, in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 28 (1): 497. 1902; Thiselt.-Dyer, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 2: 19. 190; Du- rand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 1, 457 (1906), pr. 2, 57 2 P Ret Dd Obey aera, & Vol. 17, now 1 (1941), and pr. 3, 457. 1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 82. 1961; Cuf., Pull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 32: Suppl. 797--798. 1962; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 315 (1967) and 16: 96. 1968. Recent collectors describe this plant as a shrub, 1.5—l m. tall, several times or much branched from the base or near the base, many-stemmed, the bark pale gray-yellow, very finely retic- ulate. The corolla is described as "blue" on F, A. ——— 2705, "blue-lilac" on Balsinhas 22, "violet" on Torre 958, "low- er er lip violet" on Torre 2277, "cor or de malva" on Junod unod Llh, and "corolla-tube purple-mauve, _ large petal mauve, with ith yellow around the throat, throat purplish-mauve, the other petals white, fila- ments pale—mauve'" on Polhill & Paulo 723. The species has been found growing in deciduous forests, in the substratum in dense forests, and in dune forests with Afzelia quanzensis, Dalium schlechteri, Garcinia livingstonei, Strychnos sp., etc. It is said to be common in the bush around cultivated land, with Adansonia, Allophylus, Carissa, Grewia, Hoslundia, Lannea, Sterculia, Strychnos, Thespesia, etc., flowering in No- vember and December. Material has been misidentified and distributed in herbaria as V. amboniensis Gtirke. Torre 6323 is a mixture with V. oxycus- pis var. mossambicensis Moldenke. T Torre 2277 is said to match well L. E. Codd 5434 in the British Museum and Kew herbaria, while F Fe a Mendonca 2365 and Torre 3829 are said to match Volkens 92, the type of the species, at t the British Museum. Torre 3629 is, however, described by Garcia as "intermediate" between Vv. a ame See and V. tangensis. The A, Peter 39696, previously cited by me as deposited in ny personal | herbarium, i is now in the her- barium of the Texas Research Foundation at Renner, Texas. Additional citations: KENYA: Polhill & Paulo 123 (S). PORTU- GUESE EAST AFRICA: Inhambane: Torre 3829 (U1). Lourengo Marques: Balsinhas 22 (Ul); Junod buy (UL 5 Torre 2067 (Ul, Z), 2277 (Ul). Manica e Sofala: F. ae iis ET (U1), 2705 (Ul); Simfo 220 (U1); Torre 6323, i in part (Rf, Ul, UL). Mozambique: Torre 958 (UL). VITEX TELORAVINA J. G. Baker Emended synonymy: Vitex teleravina J. G. Baker apud Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 1, 457, sphalm. 1906. Additional & emended bibliography: Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 1, 57 (1906) and pr. 2, 457. 1941; Moldenke in Humbert, Fl. Madag . Tue TT es 1-12, & 273, fig. 22 (8 & 9). 1956; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 147-148. 1958; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. ie pr. 3, 457. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé 157, 389, & 478. 1959. Illustrations: Moldenke in Humbert, Fl. Madag. 17: 139, fig. 22 (8 & 9). 1956. 1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 3 VITEX THOMASI DeWild. Additional & emended bibliography: A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 8: 249. 1933; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 1)8—~119. 1958; Mol- denke, Résumé 13 & 478. 1959. VITEX THOMASI f. KASAIENSIS DeWild. Bibliography: DeWild., Contrib. Etud. Fl. Katanga Suppl. 2: 108-109. 1929; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 149--150. 1958; Moldenke, Résumé 143 & 478. 1959. VITEX THONNERI DeWild. Additional & emended bibliography: A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 6: 219 (1926) and 8: 29. 1933; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 150. 1958; Moldenke, Résumé 10, 143, & 78. 1959. VITEX THONNERI var. TIBATENSIS (Engl.) Pieper Additional bibliography: A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 8: 29. 1933; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 151. 1958; Moldenke, Résumé 139, 389, & 478. 1959. VITEX THORELII Dop Additional & emended bibliography: A.W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 298. 1938; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 151--152. 1958; Moldenke, Résumé 177 & 78. 1959. VITEX THYRSIFLORA J. G. Baker Additional bibliography: Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. l, pr. 1, 457. 1906; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 189. 1908; I. Bailey, Ecology 1: 174--189. 1920; Bequaert, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 5: 333—383. 1922; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 6: 219 (1926) and 9: 297. 1938; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 2, 457. 191; Uphof, Bot. Rev. 8: 569—5S71. 192; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 3, 457. 1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 82. 1961; Huber in Hutchinson & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 2: lo & 446. 1963; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 312. 1967. Recent collectors and authors describe this plant as an under- shrub, shrub, or small tree, 2m. tall, or a sarmentose shrub to 6m. tall, with glabrous branches, 5~foliolate leaves, and small white flowers in terminal panicles, growing in forests or open Brachystegia forests, the herbaceous layer being dominated by Di- gitaria and Panicum, at 280 meters altitude, flowering from Janu- ary to July and in September, fruiting from July to October, and called "namepéprir"., The corolla is described as "yellow' on Torre 1268. Bailey (1920) found this species inhabited by the ant, Vitici- cola tessmanni. The plant has lateral cavities or pits excavated in the woody parts of the stele of stout dry stems and branches. Furthermore, there are in stout stems exit-holes resembling those of the lateral pits subtended by them. This may be due to an in- herent tendency to form hollow stems and branches. It is not known whether the ants accelerate formation of the cavities by PHY T Ol. OO Sb Vol. 17, now 1 throughout the center as has been demonstrated by Fiebrig with Cecropia. The pseudo-gall-like structures made by Viticicola are histologically very complex. The insects enter through the cir- cular apertures in the swollen internodes. According to Bequaert (1922) this species of host has heteroplasias similar to those of Plectronia laurentii. Dan Janzen, in a memorandum to my son, Andrew RK. Moldenke, re- fers to the original description of V. staudtii Gtirke as stating that the leaflets are glabrous on the under surface but densely covered with minute, golden-yellow glands. He continues "These glands are critical (if they are indeed glands) to understanding the myrmecophytic relationship that Viticicola has with Vitex staudtii." He speaks of discussions of this plant and its myrme- cophily by Bequaert and by Bailey in Wheeler's "Ants of the Bel- gian Congo". Material of V. thyrsiflora has teen misidentified and distrib- uted in herbaria as V. radula Mildbr. Huber (1963) cites the following collections: GUINEA: Baldwin 9669; A. Chevalier 13199 & 13267; Jacques-Felix 852. SIERRA LE- ONE: Deighton 3747; N. W. Thomas 1692 & 1953. LIBERIA: J.T. Baldwin 6172, 9510, & 9945; Harley s.n. (Ganta]; Konneh 175. IVORY COAST: A. . Chevalier ier 17055, 1 1930, & 19805. TOGO: Baumann 56h. NORTHERN NIGERIA: Killick 67. Si SOUTHERN NIGERIA: Harrison 55 Olorunfemi FHI .38057; “Rowland s sn. (W. Lagos]; Symington FHI. 5052; Talbot | Talbot s.n. [Oban]. ~~ BRITISH CAMEROONS: Maitland 565 os 1577; Olorunfemi FHI .30608; Ujor FHI.29288. He comments "Extends to Congo", Additional citations: SIERRA LEONE: N. W. Thomas 1692 (S). PORTUGUESE EAST AFRICA: Mozambique: Torre 1268 (Ul); Tor Torre & Pai- va 986 (Ul). VITEX THYRSIFLORA var. LAXIFLORA Pieper Additional bibliography: A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 7: 252. 1929; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 153--15h. 1958; Moldenke, Résumé 139, 386, & h78. 1959. VITEX TOMENTULOSA Moldenke Additional bibliography: A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 298. 1938; Anon., U. S. Dept. Agr. Bot. Subj. Index 15: 1362. 1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 83. 1961. VITEX TRICHANTHA J. G. Baker Additional & emended bibliography: Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks, Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 2: 121) (1895) and pr. 2, 2: 1214. 196; Mol- denke in Humbert, Fl. Madag. 17h: 75, 120-122, & 273, fig. 18 (U6). 1956; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 156s 3c, 1958; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks, Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 2: 1214. 1960. Rnended illustrations: Moldenke in Humbert, Fl. Madag. 17: 121, fig. 18 (l—6). 1956. 1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 45 VITEX TRIFLORA Vahl Additional & emended synonymy: Vitex sericea Poepp. ex Etting- sh., Blatt-Skel. Dikot. 79, pl. 32, fig. 6. 1861 [not V. sericea Poepp. ex Moldenke, 1936]. Pyrostoma ternatum G. F. W. Mey. apud Jacks. in Hook. f. "ke Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 2: 667. 1895. Vitex triflora temifolia Huber ex Stapf, Ind. Lond. 6: 79. 193L Vitex trifolia Vahl ex Moldenke, Suppl. List Invalid Names ll, in syn. 1941 [not V. trifolia Graham, 1966, nor Hemsl., 199, nor L., 1753, nor L. f., 1895, nor Moon, 1895, nor Sessé & Moc., 190, nor "sensu Matsumura & Hayata", 1963). Additional & emended bibliography: H.B.K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pl., ed. folio, 2: 200 (1817) and ed. quart., 2: 26. 1818; Pers., Sp. Pl. 3: 360. 1819; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 888. 1821; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 7 (1893) and 2: 667 & 1214. 1895; Barnhart, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 29: 590. 1902; Le Cointe, Amaz. Bras. tu Arv. & Plant. Uteis, ed. 1, 430. 193k; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. (2s 1: 447 (1946) and 2: 667 & 1214. 1946; Le Cointe, Amaz. Bras. III Arv., & Plant Ut~ eis, ed. 2, 457. 19473 Hill & Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 10: 2h. 194,73 Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 1: 7 (1960) and 2: 667 & 121). 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 83. 1961; Soukup, Biota 5: 137. 196; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 15: 25. 1967; eee © Phytologia 15: 229, 2h2, & "267 (1967) and 16: 95. 19. It should be noted here that the V. trifolia of Linnaeus the elder is a valid species, with the homonym ascribed to Linnaeus the younger as a synonym, while the V. trifolia accredited to Graham is a synonym of V. negundo eae that ascribed to Hemsley and to “sensu Matsumura & Hayata" is V. trifolia var. simplici- folia Cham., that ascribed to Moon is ie altissima L. f., and that accredited to Sessé & Mocifio is Ve. '. mollis H.B.K. LeCointe (197) records the vernacular variant "tarum4 da mata" and comments "Nas capoeiras e mata secundd4ria. — EE! a es- pécie mais vulgar de Amaz6nia....0 fruto 6 emendgogo e diuret- ico; as félhas empregam-se contra as cistites e uretrites; a raiz 6 ténica e febrifuga." The Huber (1909) reference in the bibliography of this spe- cies is dated "1907-8" by Stapf (1931), but 1909 seems to be the actual date when the pages in question appeared. It should be noted that the H.B.K. reference dates given above have been au- thenticated by consultation of the work by Barnhart (1902) on this subject. The type specimen -—- Herb. Vahl s.n. — deposited in the her- barium of the Universitetets Botaniske Museum at Copenhagen, was photographed there by Macbride and is his type photograph number 22779 « The corollas on Murcga Pires & Cavalcante 52602 are described as having been "purple", the flowers slightly fragrant, and the plant itself "rare". The Archer 807 and Barbosa de Silva 155, distributed as the 6 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, now 1 typical form of V. triflora, are actually var. coriacea Huber. Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Ll. Williams 15688 (Ve--8096, W—2)2862)). BRAZIL: Amap4: Irwin, Murga ‘ca Pires, ie. * Westra 18311 (N); Murga Pires 48560 (Mi, N); hiurga Pires & Cavel- cante 52602 (N, Rf); Murga Pires, Rodrigues, & Irvine 50166 (N). Amaz6nas: K Krukoff 4704 (W—1662717), 6869 (W—1660920) « . Pard: Frées 20381 1 (W--2),3902) ; Killip & Smith ith 30598 (W—14,6181) ; vur- ga ga Pires ‘es 51907 (N). LOCALITY OF COLLECTION UNDETERMINED: Herb. Vahl s.n sen. [ex India; Herb. Willdenow 11701; Macbride photos 22779] (W--photo of type). VITEX TRIFLORA var. ANGUSTILOBA Huber Synonymy: Vitex triflora angustiloba Huber apud Stapf, Ind. Lond. 6: 479. 1931. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 161-162. SE se tage a Résumé 112 & 78. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 15: 25. 1967. The Huber (1909) reference in the bibliograph of this variety is dated "1907-8" by Stapf (1931), but the pages involved seem to have appear first in 1909. VITEX TRIFLORA var. CORIACEA Huber Synonymy: Vitex triflora coriacea Huber apud Stapf, Ind. Lond. 6: 479. 1931. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 162. 1958; oe Résumé 112 & 478. 1959; Uoldenke, Résumé Suppl. 15: 25. 1967. Recent collectors describe this plant as a shrub, 2 feet tall, or a large tree, known as "piquia-rana", flowering in November and December. The corollas on Archer 8047 are said to have been "lavender", The Huber (1909) reference cited in the bibliography of this variety is dated "1907-8" by Stapf (1931), but the pages involved appear not to have been issued until 1909. Material has been inaccurately identified and distributed in herbaria as typical V. triflora Vahl. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Paré: Archer 8047 (N); Barbosa de Silva 155 (N). VITEX TRIFLORA var. FLORIBUNDA Huber Additional synonymy: Vitex triflora floribunda Huber apud Stapf, Ind. Lond. 6: 79. 1931. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 162--163. 1958; Moldenke, Résumé 112, 387, & 478. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 15: 25. 1967. As mentioned above under the other varieties of this species, the Huber (1909) reference in the bibliography is cited as "1907-8" by Stapf (1931), but it seems that the pages involved here did not actually appear in print until 1909. 1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex h7 Additional citations: BRAZIL: Pard&: Ducke 971 (W—1832289). VITEX TRIFLORA var. KRAATZII Huber Additional synonymy: Vitex triflora kraatzii Huber apud Stapf, Ind oLend.6:. '79.-1931.. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 83. 1961; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 15: 25. 1967. The original publication of this variety by Huber (1909) is inaccurately cited by Stapf (1931) as "1907-8". VITEX TRIFLORA var. QUINQUEFOLIOLATA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 83. 1961. The Ecuadorean collection cited below consists only of leaves and fruit and it is therefore placed here only tentatively. Additional citations: ECUADOR: Guayas: Gilmartin 5)8 (W-- 2),28)12) . oe |. ele VITEX TRIFOLIA L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 638 [as "trifoliis"]. 1753 [not V. trifolia Graham, 1966, nor Hemsl., 19,9, nor Moon, 1895, nor Sessé & Moc., 1940, nor Vahl, 191, nor "sensu Matsumura & Hayatat, 1963]. Additional & emended synonymy: Vitex triflora odorata, syl- vestris J. Burm., Thes. Zeyl. 209--210, pl. 109. 1737. Vitex incisa Wall. apud Watt, Dict. Econ. Prod. India 6 (lk): 251, in syn. 1893 [not V. incisa Bunge, 1927, nor Lam., 1788, nor Thunb., 1947]. Vitex agnus castus var. Kurz ex Watt, Dict. E- con. Prod. India 6 (4): 251, in syn. 1893. Vitex trifolia L. f. ex K. Schum., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berl. App. 1: 55, sphalm. 1895. Vitex trifoliolata L. apud J. Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. 2 (2): 534--535. 1912. Vitex trifoliolata var. trifoliolata Schau, apud J. Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. 2 (2): 534-535. 1912. Vitex trifolia @ trifoliata Cham. apud Hara, Enum. Sperm. Jap. 1: 191, in syn. 1948. Vitex trifolia d trifoliolata Schau. apud Hara, Enum. Sperm. Jap. 1: 191, in syn. 1948. Vitex tri- folia trifoliolata "Schau. ex Blanco" apud Stapf, Ind. Lond. 6: 479. 1931. Viiex trifolia L. ex Hosokawa, Journ. Soc. Trop. Agr. Taiwan 6: 206, sphalm. 193). Additional & emended bibliography: J. Bumm., Thes. Zeyl. 209— 210 & 229, pl. 109. 1737; J. F. Gmel. in L., Syst. Nat., ed. 13, pr. 1, 2: 962 (1789) and pr. 2, 2: 962. 1796; Horsf., Verh. Bat. Gen. 8: 10). 1816; Pers., Sp. Pl. 3: 361. 1819; Steud., Nom. Bote, ed. 1, 888. 1821; Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 2 [Carey], 3: 69. 1832; Schnitzl., Icon. Fam. Nat. Reg. Veg. 137. 1856; Mason, Burmah & its People, ed. 2, 413, 79, & 792. 1860; Miq., Cat. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 70. 1870; Beddome, Forester's Man. Bot. S. Ind. 172. 1873; Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb., ed. 1, 296. 1881; Watt, Econ. Prod. India 5: 294—-295, 1883; Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. 13). 1885; Warb. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 13: 28-29. 1891; Watt, Dict. Econ. Prod. India 6 (4): 251. 1893; W. A. Tal- 48 PHY SOL OT A Vol. 17, no. 1 bot, Syst. List Trees Shrubs Bomb, 161 & 229. 189k; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 2: 1213 & 121k. 1895; Ke Schum., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berl. App. 1: 55 (1895) and 1: 206. 1896; Anon., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berl. App. 1: 36. 1897; K. Schun., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berl. App. 2: ly—-15. 1698; Anon., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berl. App. 2: 19. 1899; Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb., ed. 2, 539. 1902; Prain, Beng. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 832--833. 1903; C. B. Clarke in J. Schmidt, Bot. Tidsskr, 26: 173. 190; E. D. Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 1, Suppl. 1: 121. 1906; Kawa- kami, List Pl. Formos. 85. 1910; Duthie, Fl. Upper Gang. Plain 2: 22h. 1911; Craib, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 9: 3. 1911; Craib, Con- trib. Fl. Siam Dicot. 164—165. 1912; Dunn & Tutcher, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf, Addit. Ser. 10: 20). 1912; J. Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. 2 (2): 534--535. 1912; E. D. Merr., Interpret. Rumph. Herb. Am- boin. 453, 52h, & 594. 1917; H. J. Lam in Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3: 53. 1921; Haines, Bot. Bihar & Orissa h: 711 & 712. 1922; Nakai, Trees & Shrubs Indig. Jap., ed. 1, 1: 350, fig. 190. 1922; H. N. Ridl., Journ. Malay Br. Roy. Asiat. Soc. 1: (Mal. For. Trees] 83. 1923; H. J. Lam in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 59: 27, 28, & 92—93. 192; C. J. F. Skottsberg, Medd. GUteb. Bot. Tradg. 2 [Haw. Vasc. Pl.]: 259. 1925; Gamble, Fl. Presid. Madras 2: 1101 & 1102. 192); Mezger, Ann. Mus. Col. Marseille, sér. ), 4h: pl. 60. 1926; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 7: 252. 1929; C. A. Gardn., Enum. Pl. Austr. Occid. 3: 112. 1931; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 8: 29. 1933; Kanehira, Fl. Micrones. 33 & £57. 1933; Tu, Chinese Bot. Dict., abrdg. ed., 1337. 1933; Hosokawa, Journ. Soc. Trop. Agr. Taiwan 6: 206. 1934; Terazaki, [Illustr. Fl. Jap.] fig. 2499. 1938; Fletcher, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1938: 431--433. 1938; Corner, Gard. Bull. Straits Settl. 10: 256--260. 1939; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 2: 1213 & 121). 1946; Selling, Bishop Mus. Spec. Publ. 38: 275 & 11. 197; L. H. Bailey, Man. Cult. Pl., ed. 2, 843, 844, & 111). 1949; W. J. Bean in Chittenden, Roy. Hort. Soc. Dict. Gard. h: 2250. 1951; Hocking, Dict. Terms Phar macog. 166 & 23. 19553; Kuck & Tongg, Mod. Trop. Gard. 77 & 236. 1955; Darlington & Wylie, Chromosome Atl., pr. 1, 323, 1955; Moldenke in Humbert, Fl. Madag. 17: 71, 72, 79-83, & 273, fig. 10 (5 & 6). 1956; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 30: 1370. 1958; H. St. John, Nomencl. Pl. 7h. 1958; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 32: 2353. 1958; Anon., Kew Bull. Gen. Index 1929-1956, 293. 1959; Nath, Bot. Surv. South, Shan States 30l--305. 1960; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 2: 1213 & 121). 1960; Darlington & Wylie, Chro- mosome Atl., pr. 2, 323. 1961; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 83--8). 1961; Cave, Ind. Pl. Chromosome Numb. 2: 137. 1961; Deb, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 3: 315. 1961; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.5: 42. 1962; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 37: 1062. 1962; F. R. Fosberg, Bish- op Mus. Occas. Papers 23 (2): 1-2. 1962; Thothathri, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 4: 291. 1962; Hatusima, Mem. South. Indust. Sci. Inst. Kagoshima Univ. 3: 31. 1962; Van Steenis-Kruseman, Fl. Males. Bull. 3: 695 & LI. 1962; Li, Wood. Fl. Taiwan 973. 1963; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.6: 534. 1963; Prain, Beng. Pl., ed. 2, 621 & 1012. 1963; Sharma & Mukhopadhyay, Journ. Genet. 58: 359, 1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 9 366, 376, 379, & 539. 1963; E. E. Lord, Shrubs & Trees Austral. Gard., rev. ed., 232. 196; Cave, Ind. Pl. Chromosome Numb. 2: 331. 196; Menninger, Seaside Pl. 32, 154, & 155, pl. 223. 196h; Duffy, Journ. Appl. Ecol. 1: 227-226, 231, 23h, 2h2, 2h3, & 2h8. 1964; Straatmans, Micronesica 1: 115. 196; Backer & Bakh., Fl. Java 2: 60) & 605. 1965; J. S. Beard, Descrip. Cat. W. Austr. Pl. 93. 1965; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 12: 8. 1965; H&msel, Leuckert, Rimpler, & Schaaf, Phytochem. 4: 19 & 21. 1965; Quisumbing, Govt. Sarawak Sympos. Ecol. Res. Humid Trop. Veg. 35 & 36. 1965; Bose, Handb. Shrubs 96 & 97. 1965; Malick, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 8: 55. 1966; Gaussen & al., Trav. Sect. Scient. & Tech. Inst. Frang. Pond, Hors ser. 7: 71 & 10). 1966; T. C. Whitmore, Guide Forests Brit. Solomon Isls. 206. 1966; Lourteig, Taxon 15: 28. 1966; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 15: 15 & 25. 1967; Sauer, Plants & Man Seychelles 102. 1967; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 78 & 267 (1967), 152 472 (1968), and 16: 495. 1968. Additional & emended illustrations: Terazaki, [Illustr. Fl. Jap.J, fig. 2499. 1938; Moldenke in Humbert, Fl. Madag. 17): 79 fig. 10 (5 & 6). 1956; Menninger, Seaside Pl. 15, pl. 223. 196. Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink (1965) describe this plant as being a very aromatic shrub, the stem erect, not rooting from the nodes, the leaflets 1--3, those of the 2- or 3-foliolate leaves either all sessile or the median (largest) leaflet on a petiolule of less than 0.5 cm. in length, ovate-elliptic to ob- long-obovate, the largest leaflet of the 2= or 3-foliolate leaves --9.5 cm. long and 1.7--3.7 cm. wide, the unifoliolate leaves 2--6.5 cm. long, 1.3--3.5 cm. wide, all very densely covered with white or gray hairs beneath; panicles narrow, 3.5-- 2h cm, long; cymes 2—-6.5 cm. long (including the 2--25 mm. long peduncle), 3—15-flowered, rather dense to rather lax; calyx 3--l.5 mm. long; corolla-tube 7-8 mm. long; median seg- ment of the lower lip )—-6 mm. in diameter. They say that the species is found in teak forests, brushwood, secondary forests, and "periodically very much desiccating localities", and is also cultivated as a hedge-plant in Java. The make the further com- ment that "Some specimens closely approach the next species [V. paniculata Lam.]". The corolla is described as having been "purple" on S. Olsen 879. Bose (1965) reports the plant as "very hardy, leaves simple or 3-foliolate", best propagated by the so-called "gootie" method. The plant has been collected in fruit in Jamuary as well as during the months previously recorded by me. Cave (1961, 196) reports the diploid chromosome number for this species as 26 and 3h. Deb (1961) says of this plant: "lft. glabrous above, tomentose beneath, panicles white tomentose, corolla tomentose, lavender blue. Very common in valley, gregarious, in damp or moist waste ee along drains and roads or river banks" and cites his no. 128. ~~ It should perhaps be noted here that the V. trifolia accred- ited to Graham is a synonym of V. negundo L., that ascribed to 50 P Bek fr Ost 0165 A Vol. 17, no, 1 Hemsley and to "sensu Matsumura & Hayata" is V. trifolia var. simplicifolia Cham., that accredited to Moon is V. altissima L.f., that of Sessé & Mocifio is V, mollis H.B.K., while that ascribed to Vahl is V. triflora Vahl. According to Lourteig (1966) the name, V. trifolia L., is based on and typified by P, Hermann 70. locking (1955) informs us that the leaves of this plant have a volatile oil containing cineol and methyl alcohol, and that this oil is used medicinally. Additional vernacular names recorded for the plant are "Cayenne pepper", "hamago", "kyaung banm ye-kyi-yo-ban", "lagunding dagat", "mitsuba-hamagd", "pani-sanbhalu", "shiru-fiki", and "tachi- ot. Lord (196) recommends the species for planting in coastal climates in Australia. Malick (1966) reports it not so common in West Bengal, citing Biswas 35. T.C. Whitmore (1966) cites Wa- terhouse 60 from the Solomon Islands. Vidal (1885) cites Cuming 1493 from the Philippines. Duffy (196) states that "Vitex trifolia" [surely one of the varieties, not the true species!] was introduced in 1658 on As- cension Island, having been received in a consigrment of 228 species of plants from the Capetown Botanic Garden, and is now widespread on the island, He also avers that beetles are a form of insect life scarce on Ascension Island, but are found on this "Vitex trifolia", as well as on Opuntia and Acacia, there. Straatmans (196) informs us that V. trifolia is among the tropical seashore buoyant-seed plants in the coastal community on Eua island, but it is probable that he is here actually referring to var. bicolor (Willd.) Moldenke. The Lam (192) reference in the bibliography of this species is often cited as "1925", but the latter is merely the title- page date for the volume; the pages cited appeared in 192). The Blanco (1878) reference is dated "1878-80" by Stapf (1931), but the plate which concerns us here seems to have been issued in 1878. The "Basu, Ind. Med. Pl. pl. 2499" referencesgiven by me in the bibliography published in 1958 should be deleted; they are the result of errors in transcription for Terazaki, [Illustr. Fl. Jap.] fig. 299 (1938). Prain (1903) writes the Watt refer- ences given in the bibliography above as "E. D. 5: 181", but this is actually a paragraph reference, not a page reference! The following incomplete bibliographic references occur in the literature of V. trifolia, but have not as yet been located by me in any library consulted: Aplin, Rep. on the Shan States, Settl. Rep. Chanda app. 6; Baden Powell, Pb. Pr. 36); Boorsma, Plantenstoffen 4: 111; Cooke, Oils & Oil-seeds 81; Fleming, Med. Pl. & Drugs [Asiatic Reser. 11] 18); Gazetteer Mysore & Coorg 1: 6h; Koord., Natuurk Tijdschr. v. B. 1, 8: 89 and 20: 223; Ridl., Mal. Geneesmiddeln 28; Pharm. Ind. 163; Tijdschr. v. Land- en Tuinbouw en Boschcultuur 5: 554; Waitz, Practische Waarnemingen 10. The D. Anderson 2143, Elmer 15236, Haenke s.n. (Mariana, 1792], 1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 51 Kajewski 217, and H. E. Parks 20857, distributed as typical V. trifolia, are all var. bicolor (Willd.) Moldenke; A. A. Heller 2731, Taam 1702, M. Mt. Townsend s.n. [Oct. 20, 190], a and Ge Ce Wright s.n sn. fone Kong] & s.n. [Bonin Telands] are var. implici- folia Cham.; E. H. Bryan 1315, Chapin 853, E. Y. Dawson 19825, F. Re R. Fosberg 11981 & 36709, K. P. Fosberg g 5, J eis “Gillespie pie 4380, Sonia, aun 210, d~03 We r, Moore 696, Native collector DI.1)9 (Herb. Roy. Farest Dept. 35671, Quayle 1261, J. F. G. Rock 2325, 2969, 7838, & sen. (S. Kona, April 28, “1958), H. Saint , Saint John in 11252 & & 16573, Schiffner ohsh, A. Ce smith 4559 & 6078, . A. M. Stokes a; Toroes 910, and Waterhouse 60 [Her (Herb. Mu: Mus. Yale Sch. “Forest. 22664] are all var. subtrisecta (Kuntze) Moldenke; and H. Saint John 16705 is the type collection of var. subtrisecta f. . albi-- flora Moldenke. Additional citations: WESTERN PACIFIC ISLANDS: PHILIPPINE IS- LANDS: Mindoro: H. H. Bartlett 13707 (Mi). Papahag: S. Olsen 879 (Cp). INDONESIA: GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Sumatra: “Yates tes 11,80 (i), 1941 (Mi). MELANESIA: BISMARK ARCHIPELAGO: New Britain: _ Dissing 27 2722 (Cp, Z). VITEX TRIFOLIA var. BICOLOR (Willd.) Moldenke Additional synonymy: Vitex negundo var. bicolor Lam., in herb. Additional & emended bibliography: Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. l, 888. 1821; Bocq., Adansonia 3: [Rev. Verbenac.] 253. 1863; Watt, Dict. Econ. Prod, India 6 (4): 248. 1893; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks.e, Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 2: 1213. 1895; H. J. Lam in mgl., Bot. Jahrb. 59: 27-28 *e 93. 192h; H. J. Lam in Bakh. & Lam, Nov. Guinea 1), Bot. 1: 169. 192); A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 8: 2h9. 1933; Corner, Gard. Bull. Straits Settl. 10: 257, 1939; Jacks. in Hook, f, & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 2: 1213. 196; Hill & Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 10: 2h). 19475 Moldenke in Hum~ bert, Fl. Madag. 17h: 72, 83, & 272—273. 1956; Yuncker, Pl. Tonga 232. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pre 3, 2: 1213. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 8)—86. 1961; Backer & Bakh., Fl. Java 2: 605. 1965; B. C. Stone, Micronesica 2: 132. 1966; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 306. 1967. Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink (1965) adopt the name, Vv. paniculata Lam., for this taxon, but admit that it is very fre- quently confused with V. negundo L. and is sometimes "difficult to be distinguished" from V. trifolia "with which it seems to hybridize." Corner (1939) says "This variety is so curiously intermediate between V. negundo and V, trifolia, that one cannot doubt that it covers their hybrids." Lam (192h) regarded Volkens 42s, from Yap, as a hybrid between what he called Vv. ne- gundo ¥ var. bicolor and V. trifolia var. trifoliolata. In regard to the theory that this taxon is a natural hybrid between V. ne- gundo and V. trifolia, it is worth pointing out that it has ‘s been 52 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 1 collected — often abundantly -- on at least seventy-five islands in the Pacific Ocean area on which V, negundo does not occur, or, at least, has never been found and is very unlikely to occur. I have no doubt that these two species do hybridize [see under Vv. negundo in these notes], but this taxon does not represent this hybrid. Nor do I feel that it is worthy of specific rank. As Backer and Bakhuizen van den brink themselves admit, there are many specimens intermediate between it and the typical V. trifo- lia. ~~ Recent collectors and writers describe this plant as a shrub, 6--12 feet tall, or a tree, 8--10 m. tall, with 3-5 leaflets per leaf, the petiole 2--6 cm. "long, the middie leaflet on a petio- lule 0. 5--2 cm. long, ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 3.5-—-10 cm. long, 1.5--3.5 cm. wide, very acutely acuminate at the apex, the 2 adjacent leaflets (in the 5-foliolate leaves) smaller or . shorter-petioluled, the outermost leaflets (in 5-foliolate leaves) smallest, Sessile or subsessile; panicles pyramidal-ovoid, lax, 6—-20 cm. long, the cymes distinctly forked, 2—10 cm. long (inclusive of the peduncle which is 5—l0 m. long), many-flow- ered, lax; calyx 1.5—-3 mm. long; corolla-tube 4—5 mm. long, the median lobe of the lower lip 3--l mm. long and 2.5--3 mn. wide. The corolla is described as having been "blue" on Janowsky 518 518 and "pale-lilac" on Purseglove P.5015. The plant has been collected on coral limestone, in thickets, above beaches, on sandy beaches and adjacent localities, especial- ly on the older parts of the beach-wall, rarely more inland. Yuncker (1959) says that it is occasional throughout Tonga and notes for its general distribution "From eastern Africa and India through Malaysia to Polynesia. Presumably the V. trifolia of Hemsley's and Burkill's list." The leaves are used as a medicine in the treatment of fever in Samoa. Additional vernacular names recorded for it are "agulundi" and "gamulega". Stone (1966) re- cords the plant from Nukuoro in the Caroline Islands, where it is known as "kdsik", It should be pointed out here that the Lam (192);) reference in the bibliography of this variety is often cited as "1925", but the latter date is merely the title-page date for the volume; the pages involved here appeared in the year 192. In this work Lam cites Janowsky 518 from Dutch New Guinea, Hollrung 86, Lewandow- sky 48, Nyman 210, and Schlechter 1253 fran ose Northeastern New Gui- nea, "Dahl yg and Tanbesbaah 166 from New Britain, Kraemer s.n., Ledermann lize, and Raymundus s 178 from the Palau Islands, Krae- mer s.n. and Ledermann n 13531 f from the Caroline Islands, beware Haenke sens and Hfer 25 from the Mariana Islands. The feu Miateniida, de Bruyn 41) whic which he also cites is actually f. albiflora (Kuntze) Moldenke. He notes that Lewandowsky 48 shows one 1-foliolate leaf. . rk The J. A. Price s.n. [May 10, 1943), distributed as var. bi- color, is actually var. siete Moldenke. 1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 53 Additional citations: TANGANYIKA: Tanner 2960 (S). ZANZIBAR: H. G. Faulkner 2389 (S). WESTERN PACIFIC ISLANDS: PHILIPPINE IS- LANDS: Cagayan: Kondo & Edafio s.n. [Philip. Nat. Herb. 39032] (Bi). Luzon: Elmer 15236 (Bi). Mindanao: Elmer 11999 (Bi). Min- doro: G. T. Velasquez 11 z% 11 (Bi). Naranjo: Kondo & Edafio s.n. [Philip. Nat. Herb. 38739] (Bi). Polillo: R. C. McGregor s.n. (Herb. Philip. Bur. Sci. 10270] (Bi). MARIANA ISLANDS: Guam: H. M. Mayo sen. [Oct. 2h, 1947] (Bi); P. Nelson 522 (Bi), 535 (Bi, Bi). Saipan: W. H. Lange 47 (Bi). “Tinian: RS Se Cowan s. sen. [A- pril 3, 1945] (Bi); Hosokawa 7700 (Bi); Kanehira a 55 (Bi (Bi); Ko: Kondo 1 (Bi), 58 (Bi). Island undetermined: Haenke s. Sone . (Mariana, 17 1792] (Bi). INDONESIA: GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Sarawak: Purseglove P. 5015 (N). Sumatra: Ltttjeharms 655 (Bi, Bi). MICRONESIA: CARO- LINE ISLANDS: Arekalong: Takamatsu 1697 (Bi). Dublon: Takamatsu 134 (Bi). Ifaluk: Abbott & Bates 18 (Bi (Bi). Kusaei: Takamatsu 187 (Bi). Lele: Glassman 2716 (Bi). Lukunor: D. }. Anderson 2143 (Bi). Ponape: Takamatsu 780 (Bi). MELANESIA: NEW GUINEA: Dutch New Guinea: Aet & Idjan 348 (A). SOLOMON ISLANDS: Florida: Seale s. n. [May 23, 1903] (Bi). Guadalcanal: Kajewski 2117 (Bi). NV HEBRIDES: Aneityum: Kajewski 801 (Bi). YASAWA FIJI ISLANDS: Fu- langa: A. C. Smith 1200 (Bi). ~ Kansavu: A. C. Smith 31) (Bi). Koro: A. Scr - Smith mith 1075 (Bi). Ovalau: J. W. Gillespie 503 (Bi, Bi). Taveuni: J. W. Gillespie 1687 [wood n no. 215) (aie Vanua Levu: A. C. Smith 6622 (Bi). Viti Levu: E. H. Bryan 208 (Bi); MacDaniels 1008 (1 (Bi); 1 Meebold 1692 (Bi), 21385 (Bi); He H. E. Parks 20800 (Bi), 208 20857 (Bi); Tothill & T & Tothill 660 (1 (Bis EAU FIJI 1s- IS- LANDS: Thithia: 5 E. H. Bryan yan 556 (Bi). TONGAN ISLANDS: Eua: H. E. Parks 16178 (Bi). Nomuka: Yuncker 15901 (Bi). Tonga: McKern n 27_ (Bi). Tongatabu: Yuncker 15011 (Bi). POLYNESIA: WESTERN SAMOA: te E. Christophersen 936 (. (Bi), 2849 (Bi). Upolu: A. J. Eames 36 (Bi). EASTERN SAMOA: Ofu: Yuncker 9566 (Bi). Safotu: Vaupel 389 (Bi). Tau: D. W. Garber 611 (Bi); Yuncker 910) (Bi). Tutuila: W. A. Setchell 531 (Bi). NIUE: Yuncker a (Bi). COOK ISLANDS: : Rarotonga: Parks & Parks 22573 (Bi (Bi)3 Ge | - P. Wilder 1000 (Bi). CULTIVATED: Samoan Islands: D. W. ‘Garber = os (Bi); Ge P. Wilder 48 [28] (Bi). VITEX TRIFOLIA var. BICOLOR f. ALBIFLORA (Kuntze) Moldenke Synonymy: Vitex agmus-castus § negundodes f. albiflora Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 510. 1891. Vitex agnus-castus var. negundodes f. albiflora Kuntze ex Moldenke, Résumé 380, in syn. 1959. Vitex trifolia var. bicolor f. albiflora Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 86. 1961. Vitex agmis-castus var. negundoides f. albiflora Kuntze, in herb, Sh P Boy. T50\ Dt) Ont ak Vol. 17, now 1 Bibliography: Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 510. 1891; H. J. Lam dn Bakh. & Lam, Nov. Guin, "1h, Bot. 1: 169. 192; Moldenke, Résumé 380. 1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 86. 1961. Collectors describe this plant as a tree, 5m. tall, the trunk 9 cm. in diameter, the leaves white beneath, and the corolla white. The type of the form, as originally described by me, is H. E. Parks 16178, from Eua Island in the Tongan group. However, Kuntze apparently described the taxon earlier, based on a col- lection made by himself in Dakkan, Bombay, India. Since he al- so gave the taxon form rank, it is obvious that his description is the valid one and mine, being so mch later, is illegitimate. His collection, therefore, becomes the true type of the taxon. The Feuilleteau de Bruyn 414, cited by Lam (192), apparently belongs to this form since its corollas as described as having been white. It was collected on Schouten Island, New Guinea, but I have not as yet been able to examine it, nor Kuntze's type. VITEX TRIFOLIA var. PURPUREA Lord, Shrubs & Trees Austral. Gard., rev. ed., 232 [as Ntrifolia 'purpurea'"), 1964; Mol- denke, Résumé Suppl. 15: 15, 1967. The pend description by Lord (196) of this variety is "Vitex trifolia 'purpurea' with soft clean leaves, purple be- neath", It is apparently cultivated in Australian gardens and I know nothing else about it. VITEX TRIFOLIA var. SUAPLICIFOLIA Chan. Additional & emended synonymy: Vitex trifolia var. unifoliata Miq., Cat. Mus. Bot. Lugd.—Bat. 70. 1870. Vitex trifolia var, unifoliata Schau. ex Kawakami, List Pl. Formos. 85. 1910. Vitex rotundifolia L. ex S. Sasaki, List Pl. Formos. 353 & 354. 1928. Vitex trifolia unifoliolata Schau. ex Stapf, Ind. Lond. 6: 79. 1931. Vitex trifolia unifoliolata "Schai. in DC." apud Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 2: 501. 1941. Vitex trifolia ovata Mak. ex Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 2: 501. 1941. Vitex agms-castus ovata (Thunb . ) Kuntze ex Hara, Emm. Sperm. Jap. 1: 190, in syn. 1948. Vitex trifolia Hemsl. Soul Rehd., Bibliog. Cult. Trees 585, in syn. 1949 [not V. trifolia Graham, 1966, nor. L., 1753, nor L. f., 1895, nor Moon, 1895, nor Sessé & Moc., 1940, nor Vahl, 1941]. Vitex trifolia subsp. litoralis Van Steenis, Blumea 8: 516. 1957. Vitex trifolia var. unifoliata DC. ex Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 18h, i in syn. 1958. Vitex trifolia var. Sa OB ta DC. ex Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 18h, - in syn. 1958. Vitex ro- tundifolia var. rotundifolia Mizushima ex Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 86, in syn. 1961. Vitex trifolia var. ovata Saban ex Molden- ke, Pha alonis 8* 86, in syn. 1961. Vitex trifolia "sensu Mat- sum. & Hayata" apud li, Wood. Fl. Taiwan 63h, in syn. 1963. Vi- tex trifolia var. unifolia Judd, in herb. Vitex trifolia p 1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex SS unifoliata Schau., in herb. Vitex trifolia var. ovovata Mak., in herb. Additional & emended bibliography: J. F. Gmel. in L., Syst. Nat., ed. 13, pr. 1, 2: 962 (1789) and pr. 2, 2: 962. 1796; Pers., Sp. Pl. 3: 359. 1819; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 888. 1821; Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 206, pl. 47. 1836; Miq., Cat. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 70. 1870; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 2: 121. 1895; C. B. Clarke in J. Schmidt, Bot. Tidsskr. 26: 173. 190h; E. D. Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 1, Suppl. 1: 121. 1906; Matsumura & Hayata, Journ. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 22: 301. 1906; Kawakami, List Pl. Formos. 85. 1910; J. Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. 2 (2): Bah=sa5 1912; H. J. Lam in Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jad. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3: 53. 1921; Nakai, Trees & Shrubs Indig. Jape, ed. 1, 1: 350, fig. 190. 1922; H. J. Lam in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 59: 27. 19243; H. J. Lam in Bakh. & Lan, Nov. Guin. 1), Bot. 1: 169. 192); C. J. F. Skottsberg, Medd. GSteb. Bot. Tridg. 2 [Haw., Vasc. Pl. 1]: 259. 1925; S. Sasaki, List Pl. Formos. 353 & 354. 1928; Tu, Chinese Bot. Dict., abrdg. ed., 1337. 1933; Hoso- kawa, Journ. Soc. Trop. Agr. Taiwan 6: 206. 193); Fletcher, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1938: 431—h33. 1938; J. Matsumura, [Bot. & Zool.] 10: 288, fig. 125. 1942; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 2: 121). 196; Selling, Bishop Mus. Spec. Publ. 38: 275 & 411. 1947; Li & Keng, Taiwania 1 (2--)): 127. 1950; Van Steenis, Blumea 8: 516. 1957; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 30: 370. 1958; Cave, Ind. Pl. Chromosome Numb. 1: 16. 1958; Moldenke, Bi- ol. Abstr. 32: 2353. 1958; Anon., Kew Bull. Gen. Index 1929-1956, 293. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 2: 121). 1960; Kitamura & Okamoto, Col. Illustr. Trees & Shrubs Japan 221, pl. 65. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 86-88. 1961; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.5: 2. 1962; F. R. Fosberg, Bishop Mus. Occas. Papers 23 (2): 41-2. 1962; Nobuhara, Okada, & Fujihira, Jap. Journ. Ecol. 12: 101--103, 105, & 107. 1962; Liu, Illustr. Nat. & Introd. Lign. Pl. Taiwan 2: 1231, pl. 1039. 1962; M. J. Van Steenis-Kruseman, Fl. Males. Bull. 3: 695 & LI. 1962; Hatu- sima, Mem. South. Indust. Sci. Inst. Kagoshima Univ. 3 (1): 31. 1962; Li, Wood. Fl. Taiwan 832, 834, & 973. 1963; Chuang, Chao, Hu, & Kwan, Taiwania 1 (8): 5), 58, & 63, pl. 3, fig. 40. 1963; Taniguti, Amat. Herb. 2 (3): 9. 1963; Cave, Ind. Pl. Chromosome Numb, 2: 331. 1964; Neal, In Gard. Hawaii, ed. 2, 728, fig. 277. 1965; Backer & Bakh., Fl. Java 2: 60). 1965; Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 765. 1965; Hatusima, Mem. Fac. Agr. Kagoshima Univ. 5 (3): )7—8. 1966; Nobuhara, Journ. Jap. Bot. 19: 326—328, 330, 332—-33h, 336——338, 341—345, & 348. 1967; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 15: 25. 1967; Moldenke, Phytologia 15: 267 (1967), 15: 472 (1968), and 16: hos. 1968. Additional & emended illustrations: Hook, & Arn., Bot. Beech. Voy. pl. 47. 1836; Nakai, Trees & Shrubs Indig. Jap., ed. 1, fig. 190. 1922; J. Matsumura, [Bot. & Zool.] 10: 288, fig. 125. 192; Kitamura & Okamoto, Col. Illustr. Trees & Shrubs Japan pl. 65 {in color]. 1960; Chuang, Chao, Hu, & Kwan, Taiwania 1 (8): 63, pls 3, fig. 40. 1963; Neal, In Gard. Hawaii, ed. 2, 728, fig. 277. 56 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 1 Recent collectors and writers describe this plant as a procum- bent or ascending, creeping shrub, 6-—-30 cm. tall, or a woody trailing vine, the whole "plant with stinky odor", the main stem 1—2 m, long, often entirely buried in the sand from which only the flowering branchlets emerge, densely gray-white puberulent throughout; stems creeping, copiously rooting at the nodes, emit- ting many, erect, short, flowering branchlets; branches h-angled; leaves 1-foliolate; petioles 1.5--3.5 mm. long ["cm" by error in Backer & Bakh, (1965) ]; leaflet-blades herbaceous, broadly ovate or broadly elliptic to oval-elliptic-obovate, l. Raut cm. long, 1.3—3.5 cm. wide, obtuse to rounded at the apex, entire (or a few 2- or 3-partite), abruptly acute at the base, green and thinly puberulent above, densely grayish-puberulent beneath or densely white-tomentose especially beneath; panicles terminal, narrow, 1— 9 cm. long, densely flowered, with very short branches; peduncles 1--l cm. long; cymes 1--)-flowered, the lower ones often in the upper axils of the leaves; corolla blue, light~blue, or bluish- violet to purple-blue, purple, deep-purple, lavender, or red, a- bout 13 mm. long, from the insertion of the stamens inside up to half the length of the lower lip densely white-hairy, silky- pubescent on the outer surface, the tube about 7 mm. long, the median segment of the lower lip about 5 mm. long; calyx greenish, silky-pubescent; style about 15 mm. long; bases of the filaments villous; fruit drupaceous, globose, dry, black, 5—7 mm. wide, the lower half enclosed by the persistent fruiting-calyx; pyrenes corky. The corolla is described as having been "bluish-white" on F. R. Fosberg 8881, "purple" on Hurusawa 202, "blue" on H. L. Porter 3 and E. H. “Wilson 10978, "deep-purple” on Ichikawa 200661, "red" on Tsang Sn. (Herb, Lingnan Univ. 16649), "lavender" on R Re C. Ching 1967, "light-blue" on McClure sn. (Herb. Lingnan Univ. 13095], and "purple-blue" on Liang 62926. C Cave (1958) reports the haploid chromosome number as 16. It should be noted here that the V. trifolia of Linnaeus the elder is a valid species, with the homonym ascribed to Linnaeus = younger as a synonym, while the V. trifolia of Graham is V. do L., that accredited to Moon is V. altissima L. f., that of pee & Mocifio is V. mollis H.B.K., and that ascribed to Vahl is V. triflora Vahl. Vitex trifolia var. simplicifolia has been collected on sandy beaches, in sandy places by the sea, on loamy seashores, and along rocky roadsides, blooming from July to September. Fosberg (1962) and Corner (1939) feel that the plant should be called V. ovata Thunb., and in this they are followed by Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink (1965) who note "Ridley....states that he saw specimens, transplanted into the interior, develop into V. trifolia. If this statement proves correct, V. ovata has to © be considered an edaphic form of V. trifolia.....1 never saw any transitional forn, nor were such forms ever observed by Corner." no Qs ii ke MA mV PHYTOLOGTA*®Y Designed to expedite botanical publication Bia Se a Deets SV h0L8 Vol. 17 August, 1968 No. 2 NEW YOR ‘4 POTANICAL GARDEN CONTENTS DOUIVIN B:. Hiored of the. Praise Provinces (patt)i.. i. ee os OT Mere OIR Ne ees OUP CM) rc -6. geld Sh eatin cas a SiGe ae eee ew ATS MOLDENKE, H. N., Notes on new and noteworthy plants. L. . . . .113 MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the genus Vitex. IX . . . .114 Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 303 Parkside Road Plainfield, New Jersey 07060 U.S.A. i @ Price of this number, $1; per volume, $6.75, in advance, or $7 at close of volume et es * po) — hy A i > Y ran) « ia - = “Py * at se : . . Pe a MI ; ba 7 +. era. ~ a”. ~_ “os - : ... » he ? r| » > y fj . >! + he . . . F > 2 ~ . r ~ ‘ - pe * bs . ue Ce A, ~~ . ; < - & . ‘ ‘ a PROVENCHERIA 3 Mémoires de 1'Herbier Louis-Marie Faculté d'Agriculture, Université Laval —————————————— ee re te) tl eke FLORA OF THE PRAIRIE PROVINCES A HANDBOOK TO THE FLORA OF THE PROVINCES OF MANITOBA, SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA by BERNARD BOIVIN Herbier Louis-Marie, Université Laval and Department of Agriculture, Ottawa Part II Digitatae, Dimerae, Liberae (Continued) 58 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 2 2. SCLERANTHUS L, KNAWEL Sepals fused; the tube becoming thick and hard and enclos- ing the utricule. Petals lacking. 1. S. ANNUUS L. -- Knawel, German Knotgrass (Gnavelle, Herbe aux alouettes) -- Leaves opposite and connate in the man- ner of a Caryophyll. Puberulent annual with mmerous stems, Flowers green. Calyx lobes membranous-margined, slightly longer than the tube. Early to mid summer. Uncommon weed of roadsides and cultivation,-- NS-0, S-BC, (US), Eur. A Manitoba report by Montgomery 196 is not substantiated by any specimen at OAC or elsewhere (Montgomery in litt.). Order 4. CHENOPQDIALES Like the Polygonales, seems to be derived from the Caryo- phyllales, with the fruit reduced to a l-seeded utricule or achene, But the flowers typically 5-merous and the embryo, vi- sible through the seed coat, is annular or spirally curled. a. Flowers bractless, or exceptionally subtended by herbaceous bracts .....-+++sseeeeeeeee 15. Chenopodiaceae aa. Each flower subtended by scarious bracts .. cieiaiie te dts'e'sis'e eeiedeisioat’s vialevasiea ate | ta Ree Anuiaceae fe -o0 78. CHENOPODIACEAE (GOOSEFOOr FAMILY) Herbs often thickish or fleshy. Hairs often short and thick, + subglobular. A family usually readily recognized by the curled embryo and the usually semi-fleshy and alternate leaves. a. Fleshy herb with vestigial leaves .......... 12, Salicornia aa, Leaves well developed. b. Shrubby. Ge VOLY SPI cccsesisssecvedccscenncees Lis SHRCOUAERe cc. Not spiny. dt Leaves: f1at' 7. 0G. sve cksetss Seercee. De Atriplex dd. Strongly TevoOlute ssiccccesccesevevee [ue BUrObis bb. Annual herbs. e. Fruit hidden between a pair of bracts. f. Bracts free at least above the MIGUG sissies wesiceetansaneacsestan Jap eeet rien ff. Bracts fused to the tip and enclo- Sing Che Trust s.cmescese css sbaselcea ta EpIMAeIe ee, Fruit not hidden. g. Fruit flanked by a pair of fused bracts; pistillate flower without PECIANEN. occ scisiincmieividc ne Camehen see) On SCE Oye gg. Pistillate flower and fruit bract- less, or the bracts neither fused nor hiding the fruit. h. Calyx much reduced and not sur- rounding the fruit. SCLERANTHUS 118 1968 Boivin, Flora of Prairie Provinces i. Main leaves hastate to rhomboid-lanceolate ...... 3. Monolepis ii. Leaves = linear ....... ll. Corispermun hh. Fruit surrounded by the marcescent calyX ....ceccecocceeeee-e Group A Group A Annual herbs. Fruit surrounded by the marcescent calyx. Bracts lacking or small. a. Flowers unisexual, the staminate ones borne in a conspicuously differentiated terminal GPLKG tic we isieicns, oles Mats Miseleletiale he Ginial wala. sists CU iele epee cAxVELS aa. Flowers all perfect or some of them pistillate. b. Upper leaves and bracts stiff and ending intaccharpsand spiny points :6se~ wus. Petioles glabrous or somewhat glandular-puberulent, never hirsute. The typical phase occurs west of us and is readily recognized by the dense and mixed pubescence of the petioles, partly long hirsute, partly glandular-puberulent. 3. H. Richardsonii Br. var. Richardsonii (var. hispidior R., Be & Le; H. hispida AA.) -- Alum-Root -- Much like the pre- ceeding, but the calyx strongly asymetrical and the stamens ex- serted. Calyx barely petaloid. Petals pink, spatulate, about as long as the calyx lobes. Early summer. Common on rolling prairie. -- Mack, O-sMan-neBC, US. In airs the capsule is included, the stamens barely exsert- ed and the petals are merely papillose. We have submerged var. hispidior as being a mere sporadic extreme of pubescence. Further south one may find var. Grayana R., B. & L. (including var. affinis k., B. & L., a smaller-flowered extreme) with a somewhat exserted capsule, more strongly exserted stamens and petals at once glandular and papillose. 4, H. parvifolia Nutt. var. dissecta M.E. Jones (H. fla- bellifolia Rydb.) -- Flowers smal] and the white petals exserted as in H. glabra, but the panicle narrow and racemiform. Gene- rally smaller, the leaves only 1-3 em wide. Late spring to early summer. Foothill prairies. -- (swS)-swAlt--(seBC), US. 7. LITHOPHRAGMA Nutt. Petals conspicuously and digitately lobed. The gender of this genus was discussed in Taxon 12: 208. 1963. ae Bulbiferous in the upper AXLI1S ceccccccccccce ale L. glebrum aa. Not bulbiferous cecccccccccccccccsccseccs Ze L. perviflorum 1. J. glabrum Nutt. rammlosum (Suksd.) Boivin (L. bulbi- ferum Rydb.; L. tenellum AA.) -- Lower flowers replaced by clust- ers of deep-purple fleshy bulblets. Otherwise, quite like the following. Calyx campanulate, elongating up to 5 m in fruit. Petals somewh2t smeller, mostly trifid. Late spring. Prairies near springs: Cypress Hills and Rockies. -- swS-swAlta-BC, US. The more restricted var. glabrum from the western United States lacks any bulblets. 2. L. parviflorum (Hooker) Nutt. -- Leaves palmatipartite. Flowers few, in a terminel raceme. Calyx more elongate, cuneate at base, elongating to 6-10 mm in fruit and becoming somewhat tubular. Petals white, mostly 5-lobed. Early summer. Moist montane prairies. -- swAlta-BC, US. 155 LITHOPHRAGMA 96 rn ae tT OLeers Vol. 17, no. 2 8. MITELIA L. MITREWORT, BISHOP'S CAP Petals trifid to pectinately divided into filiform seg- ments. Styles 2. a. Petals digitately trifid, white cecccecceseee le Me trifida aa. Petals pectinate. be b. Pedicels 1-2 mm long; petioles villous witn long rufous hairs ...... cocsvescoces Je M. Broweri bo. Longer; pubescence white. ¥: c. Stamens 10; leaves broadly rounded Ab FIP weccccccccccccccsccsccscvecccccce Le Me muda cc. Stamens 5; leaves obtuse at tip; ia] larger plant ..ccessecceeceeceeeeeeece M. pontandra 1. M. nuda L. -- Small delicate forest herb with yellow- ish-petals pectinately divided. Smaller, 1-(2) dm high. Lea- ves smaller, 1-3-(5) cm wide, suborbicular, deeply cordate, + crenate. Stamens 10. Seeds black, small ,but conspicuous on the cup-like fruit wall. Early summer. Common forest species. -- (K)-Mack-Y-(Aka), L-SPM, NS-BC, US, (Eur). 2. M. pentandra Hooker -- Stamens only 5 and opposite the greenish petals. Leaves broadly cordate, shallowly lobed, tne lobes crenate. Summer. Wetter spots in montane and subalpine forests and meadows. -- Y-Aka, whlta-BC, US. 3. M. Breweri Gray -- Much as in the preceeding, but tne leaves broader and reniform. and the stamens opposite the calyx lobes. Leaves merely crenate or sometimes weakly lobed. Mid summer. Wetter areas in the upper montane zone in Waterton. -- swAlta-BC, US. 4. M. trifida Graham (M. violacea Rydb.) -~- Calyx lobes whitish and the trifid petals white. Stamens 5, opposite tne calyx lobes. Leaves more like tnose of M. pentandra. First half of summer. Mountain springs and wet cliffs. -= (swAlta)- BC, US. 9. CONIMITELLA Rydb. Differs from Mitella by its entire petals and almost com- pletely inferior ovary. 1. ¢. Williamsii (D.C. Eaton) Rydb. -- Bracts petaloid, white and Spink, 1-2 mm long and fimbriate. Herbage densely glandular-puberulent. Leaves reniform, all basal. Scape ra- ther long, bearing only 5-10 subsessile flowers. Petals white, narrowly oblanceolate, -5 mm long including a claw nearly as long as the blade. Calyx lobes + 1 mm long, petaloid, white and pink. Early summer. Rich montane forests: Crownest Fo- rest. -- swAlta, wus. 10. CHRYSOSPLENIUM L. GOLDEN SAXIFRAGE Petals lacking. Carpels 2, united into a unilocular ovary, the two styles far removed to opposite sides of the ovary. Sta- mens marcescent and present even in fruit. MITELLA 156 1968 Boivin, Flora of Prairie Provinces 97 1. ¢. alternifolium L. var. tetrandrum (Th. Fries) Lund (C. americanum AA.; C. tetrandrum Th. Fries) --(Cresson doré, Cresson de roche) -- Small erect herb, usually less than 1 dm high, with reniform and crenate leaves. Most leaves and flo- wers clustered near the top of the plant. Sepals all alike, green, erect. Stamens ), opposite the sepals. Early summer. Wet shaded places. -- (G)-F-K-(Mack-Y)-Aka, (L), Q-(0)-Man-BC, wUS, (Eur) -- Var. iowense (Rydb.) Boivin (C. iowense Rydb.) -- Sepals of two sizes, the outer ones somewhat wider. Sepals yel- lowish-green, recurved at tip. Stamens 5 to 8, the additional ones alternating with the sepals. -- swMack, sMan-sAlta, (ncUS, Eur). Var. iowense is very close to var. sibiricum Ser., the main distinction of the latter being that the stamens are always in 8's. 11. PARNASSTA L. GRASS OF PARNASSUS With 5 clusters of staminodia, each cluster borne on a fla- bellate base. Carpels . Herbs with entire leaves and a sin- gle terminal flower. Stem scapose or unifoliate. AleMGaVEshronit OLMiisic oes « tisiaelelslslss elelvis ole nlc 6 ee he P. fimbriata aa. Leaves ovate, longer than broad. in b. Petals small, about as large and as long Ascher se pall daelsieleleie se. slelels/cleiclete cles eis hs) KOUZGOUCT bb. Much larger, at least twice proader than — the sepals. c. Stem leafless ...e.e.eeeseeeeerceeeee Be Pe glauca cc. Stem unifoliate .......e-sessseeeee 2. P. palustris 1. P, Kotzebuei Cham. var. Kotzebuei -- Smaller, usually around 1 dm high. Stem leafless. Flower small, the petals el- liptic-lanceolate and about as long as the calyx lobes. Before mid summer. Wetter alpine and arctic meadows. -- (G-F)-K-Aka, L-NF, Q-(nO)-nMan-(nS)-Alta-BC, US, (Eur). A dwarf var. pumila Hitchc. & Ownbey with much reduced staminodia has been described from a limited area in the Okana- gan Valley. 2. P: palustris L. var. tenuis Wahl. (var. neogaea Fern.; P. multiseta (Led.) Fern.) -- Grass of Parnassus, White Butter- cups (Fleur du Parnasse) -- Tufted herb, each stem bearing a single smaller, cordate and sessile leaf towards the lower third. Stem usually 2-l; dm high. Leaves ovate, broadly rounded to cordate at base. Petals about 14 times as long as the se- pals. Staminodia cluster typically with more than 10 segments. Mid to late summer. Wet meadows and marshy places. -- K-(Mack)- Y-Aka, (L-AF), Q-BC, US,(Eur) -- Var. montanensis(Fern. & Rydb.) C.L. Hitchc. (P. montanensis Rydb. & Fern.) -- Somewhat smal- ler. Petals only slightly longer than the calyx lobes. Stami- nodia with less than 10 segments. Not always clearly distinct. -- (Y), Alta-(seBC, US) -- Var. parviflora (DC.) Boivin (P. parviflora DC.) -- Still smaller. Typically 1-2 dm high. Stem 157. PARNASSIA 98 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 2 and bagal leaves usually cuneate or rounded at base. Petals less than 1 cm long. Staminodia with less than 10 segments. -- (Mack-Aka, L)-NF, NS-PEI, Q-nMan-seBC, US. The inclusion of P. montanensis in Saskatchewan lists by Russell 195, and Breitung 1957 is credited to Raup 1936. How- ever the latter gives only three localities, two of them, Calu- met and Shelter Point, being in Alberta while Great Slave Lake is in Mackenzie District. There was no Saskatchewan sheet at GH in 1965. 3. P. glauca Raf. (P. americana Munhl.; P. caroliniana AA.) -- Flowering Plantain -- Leaves all dasal, broadly ovate to elliptic, rounded at base. Calyx lobes snort, only 3-5 mm long. Petals 10-18 mm long, more than twice as long as the calyx lo- bes. Staminodia mostly with 3 coarse and reddisn segments. Late summer. Wetter prairies. -- NF, NB-cS, US. Canadian reports of the soutnern P. caroliniana Mx. are ge- nerally based on specimens of P. glauca, but Gardner's 1946 re- ports for Churchill and Labrador are undoubtedly based on some- thing else still. The corresponding specimens could not be found at DAO or QFA in 1965 and 1966. . p- fimbriata Konig var. fimbriatg -- Petals coarsely fimbriate on each side in the lower half. Leaves broader than long, reniform and deeply cordate. Stem leaf small, borne to- wards the middle. Mid summer. Brooksides and springs near timberline. -- (swMack)-Y-Aka, swAlta-BC, US. The staminodia are short, stubby and not capitate in our variety, but they are longer, thinner and capitate in two other varieties from the western U.S. Order 48. SAPRACENIALES Carnivorous and capturing insects in a variety of ways. A primitive type of flower with the parts mostly in 5's and free, except for the fused carpels. a. Inflorescence a raceme ........ woccce-ceeee 88. Droseraceae aa. Flowerssolitaryiliv. gudeve. des ccivestebse0b9..Sarracenmacese 88. DROSERACEAE (SUNDEW FAMILY) Single genus with us. Styles 3-5. Insects trapped by hair-like processes. 1. DROSERA L. SUNDEW Leaves covered with coarse hair-like processes, capitate, glutinous and in which the insects become trapped to be eventual- ly digested. Herbs with the leaves all basal and flowers in a raceme borne on a scape. a. Leaves linear, the limb + 2 mm wide ......-. 2. D. linearis aa. Broader. r b. Leaves # obddeltoid, sligntly broader Phan View (6.4.cosdee cod tedaaeees teehe 3 «ie WomindaLelta bb. Leaves obovate to broadly oblanceolate... 1. D. anglica PARNASSTIA 158 oe 1968 Boivin, Flora of Prairie Provinces 99 is 2 anglica Hudson (D. intermedia AA.) -- Leaves 1-3 cm long, 2.5={4.0 mm wide, narrowly obovate to narrowly oblanceola- te, elongating in age. Mid summer. Northern bogs, usually in wetter and pioneer habitats. -- Mack-Aka, L-NF, Q-BC, US, Eur, (Oc). Sometimes treated as the hybrid of D. linearis X rotundi- folia but the Canadian distribution of D. anglica extends mch further north than that of D. linearis and the solution of hy- bridity does not seem very plausible. 2. D. linearis Goldie -- Leaves 2-4-(6) cm long, 2-(3) mm wide, long linear, erect. Mid summer. Bogs, rare. -- NF, Q-S- (Alta)-BC, US. 3. D. rotundifolia L. var. rotundifolia -- Dewgrass, Eye- bright (Herbe 4 la goutte, Petit Saint-Sacrement) -- Leaves wider and more spreading, more or less obdeltoid to suborbicu- lar, (5)-8-10-(12) mm wide and usually slightly wider than long. Early to mid summer. Sphagnum hummocks in bogs. -- G, seK-Aka, L-SPM, NS-BC, US, Eur. 89. SAKRACENIACEAE PITCHER-PLANT FAMILY Insects trapped in hollowed out petioles half-filled with digestive liquids. Stamens numerous. Style l. 1. SARRACENIA L. SIDE-SADDLE FLOWER Style unusually large, shaped like an umbrella, and wider than the ovary or fruit, which it covers. 1. XS. purpurea L. var. purpurea -- Indian Pipe, Frog's Trousers (Sabot, Cochon de pelé) -- A single, large, drooping, deep red flower on a long scape, arising from a rosette of lea- ves half-buried in Sphagnum. These shaped like "horns of plen- ty", and half full of water. Sepals 2.5-4.0 em long. First half of summer. Sphagnum bogs. -- L-SPM, NS-neAlte,US -- Var. ripicola Boivin -- More superficial, the rhizome very short or i etinot, the whole plant not buried in moss. Sepals shorter, 1.5-2.2 cm long. Wet terraces and shores, rare: Ni- pawin and Prince Albert. -- cO, c©. The only Alberta collection seen was from Anzac (ALTA; DAO, photo). It is made up of 3 separate leaves only and its varietal determination remains tentative. Order 49, UMBELLALES Related to the Araliales. Carpels 2, maturing into a dry fruit which splits into a pair of achene-like fruits. Achenes borne on a central structure termed carpophore. Single family. 90. UMBELTIFERAE (PARSLEY FAMILY) Flowers in umbels and the ovary inferior. Flowers 5-—merous, the perianth parts free, but the sepals much reduced. Flowers typically unisexual. Generic characters in this family are often rather obscurely technical, 159 SARRACEN IA 100 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 2 a. Flowers in blueish heads; foliage spinescent... 2. Eryngium aa. Flowers in umbels. b. Leaves digitately compound eeeeeeeseeeeeeee le Sanicula bb. Not digitate, although sometimes trifoliate. c. Leaves divided progressively into numerous small and rather narrow ultimate segments CORSO HEHEHE EEEEHETEHESES Group A cc. Leaves simple or divided into fairly well defined leaflets. d. Stem leaves simple to trifoliate ...... Group B dd. Leaflets More NUMETOUS essessssessssssse Group Cc Group A Leaves deeply and progressively divided into many and ra- ther narrow segments; leaflets not obvious or poorly defined. a. Flowers mostly replaced by bulblets ceccccccceces Fe Cicuta aae Not bulbiferous. be. Involucre of large and pectinately dissected bractS cescecccsccsccsessecesseses 22, Daucus bb. Bracts much smaller and little if at all dissected, or even lacking. ce Umbell simple and few flowered seceeceee 3 Scandix cc. Compound and the flowers very numerous. d. Leaves all basal, or at least the lower pair opposite. e. Fruit not winged, but finely tuberculate ceccccesccccccsesses 6. Musineon ee. Fruit winged, not tuberculate. f. Fruit winged along the marginal nerves only eevee 19. Lomatium ff. Conspicuously winged along both the marginal and dorsal nerveS eeccecesecce 18. Cymopterus dd. Stem leaves all alternate, sometimes opposite in the inflorescence. ge Segments very few (mostly 5), very narrow and very long.. 13. Perideridia gge Segments much more numerous and shorter. h,. Stem with irregularly scattered purple blotches.... 5. Conium hh, Stem not maculate. i, Native perennial; fruit very fdatcUiccccecsce 196 Lomauiun ii. Annual or biennial weeds; fruit slightly compressed. je Flowers white; the shorter pedicels shorter than the Fruit cecceccscccvccece U1. Carum UMBELLIFERAE 160 1968 Boivin, Flora of Prairie Provinces 101 jj. Yellowish-green; all pedicels many times as long as the fruit .. CHOOCCCLOEOOLEEOLLHOO®E IG Anethum Group B Leaves simple, entire or merely dentate to lobed or trifo- liate, the leaflets rather broad. a. Leaves entire COSHH OSHLHOSHHSE SHO SOSEEEHOOEOOEE le Bupleurun aa. Serrate to trifoliate. b. Leaflets huge, at least 1 dm wide .ecoeee 21. Heracleun bb. Much smaller or the leaf simple. c. Flowers yellow; primary rays of the umbel nearly uniform in length .eecccseseee Se Zizia cc. Flowers white; umbel rays very UNEVEN cocccccceccsecssessecsesecece 10. Cryptotaenia Group C Leaves compound, the leaflets more than 3 and all or most of them discrete and well defined. a. Leaves pinnate. be. Leaflets £ linear eccccccccccccccccccccvccccce 14. Sium bb. Leaflets + oblong sleleivieieleleleleielclesiclecieisicieine iS Oerhascvinaca aa. Leaves ternately divided. ce Leaflets not serrate, but entire or with a few lobes, d. Stem tall and leafy eocceeecscenrcoce 17. Levisticum dd. Stem short, the leaves all basal or Near basal cececccccccccccccccccccccce LJe Lomatium ec. Finely to deeply serrate. e. Fruit strongly flattened dorsally and winged COCCH COE E OOS LOO OOO OO EO OOOO®E 16, Angelica ee. Fruit slightly flattened laterally, wingless. f. Leaves symetrically divided into (3) or 9 VeEatlEts lsejselesisiesieieisce lee Aegopodium ff. Central segment more divided than the lateral ones, the leaflets com- monly 5 or 15 or 21, etc. ge Fruit over 1 cm long, usually Setose-StrigoOse, seecccccccccce 4, Osmorhiza gge Fruit glabrous, much shorter. h. Flowers yellow, the central pistillate one subsessile .... 8. Zizia hh, White and all pedicelled .... 9. Cicuta 1. SANICULA Le SANICLE Fruit catchy, being covered with numerous hooked prickles. Calyx nearly as large as the corolla. 161 SANICULA 102 PRY? 0L OG 7 Vol. 17, no. 2 1. S. marilandica L. (S. marylandica sphalm.) -- Snake- Root, Black Snake-Root =-- Common deciduous forest species with digitate leaves, Leaflets 5, obovate to oblanceolate, sessile, serrate, the larger 2 often bifid to bipartite. Stem simple, the branching of the inflorescence tending to be opposite. Early summer. Nearly ubiquitous in deciduous woods, -- NF-SPM, NS-K, US, (SA). 2. ERYNGIUM L. Flowers in dense heads, much sim lating a Composite. Fruit densely covered with membranous scales, 1. E. PLANUM L. == (Herbe aux serpents) -- Stiff herb, bluish above. Foliage spiny-toothed. Leaves alternate, but the main branches of the inflorescence verticillate, Heads with a spinescent involucre. Flowers bluish, Mid summer, Casual escape from cultivation. -- Q-0, S-BC, (US, Eur). 3. SCANDIX L. Body of the fruit prolonged into a mech longer cylindrical beak. 1. S. PECTEN-VENERIS L. -- Venus' Comb, Lady's Comb (Pei- gne de Vénus, Aiguille de berger) -- Fruit longest, 4-7 cm long. Annual with the leaves finely dissected into very numerous and narrow segments. Umbels simple, of less than 10 flowers and subtended by an involucre of = connate bracts. Flowers white. Fruit scabrous. Carpophore needle-like. Late spring to mid eee Rare weed: Golburn. -- 0, S, BC, US, (SA), Eur, (Afr, Oc). 4, OSMORHIZA Raf. SWEET CICELY Except for one atypical species, fruit catchy by appressed and acicular hairs, especially numerous towards the base, the latter prolonged into a sharp and fairly long point. a. Flowers yellowish or greenish; fruit glabrous sola clatatatctoleloletate ldlatcle le wiscele we caie te oO. occidentalis aa. Flowers white or pink; fruit coarsely strigose. b. Involucre and involucels lacking «s.see. 2. O. chilensis bb. Involucre and involucels present seseeee 3e O. aristata 1. 0, occidentalis (Nutt.) Torrey -- Atypical, the black- ish achenes linear, glabrous, and devoid of a sharp basal beak. Main leaves typically with 15 or 21 leaflets, the latter lanceo- late to elliptic-lanceolate, puberulent. Involucre and involu- cels lacking. Fruit 12-18 m long, longer than its pedicel. Late spring. Open woods and rocky slopes at lower altitudes. -- swAlta-seBC, wus. 2. Q. chilensis H. & A. var. chilensis (Q,_brevipes (C. & R.) Suksd.; 0. divaricata (Britton) Suksd.) -- Usually with one ERYNGIUM 162 1968 Boivin, Flora of Prairie Provinces 103 stem leaf below the inflorescence, of 9 leaflets, the latter triangular-lanceolate, serrate above, gradually more deeply cut below. Flowers white. Fruits (1.5)-2.0-(2.5) em long, all or mostly longer than their pedicel, the latter 0.5-2.0 cm long and widely divergent. Early summer. Woods. -- sAka, NF, NS, NB-0, swS-BC, US, (SA) -~ Var. ea (C. & R.) Boivin (0. purpurea (C. & R.) Suksd.) -- Flowers pink or at least with a pink center, rarely white. Fruit shorter, (0.8)-1.0-(1.5) cm, stubbier at tip, shorter than its pedicel. -- sAka, swAlta-BC, nwUS -- Var. gupressauenisns Boivin (0. depauperate Phil.; 0. obtusa (C. & R.) Fern.) -- Flowers white. Fruits not so short, = 1.5 cm long, yet all or most of them shorter than their pedi- cel, the latter (1)-2-3 cm long. Stem usually leafless below the inflorescence, the lower leaf of the latter usually with 9 leaflets, -- seK, ae ee NS, (NB)-Q-BC, US, rear 3. QO, aristata (Thunb.) Mak. & Yabe var. breyistylis (DC. Boivin (0. Claytonii (Mx.) C.B. Clarke) -- Swee Jarvil -- Com monly with one stem leaf of + 27 leaflets, the latter as in 0. chilensis. Herbage villous. Flowers white. Pedicels mostly 0.51.0 cm in fruit. Fruit 1.5 cm long. Styles 0.5-2.0 m long. Late spring. Poplar woods at Moon Lake in Riding Moun- tain -- NF, NS-sMan, US -- Var. longistylis (Torrey) Boivin (0. longistylis (Torrey) DC.). -- Anise-Root, Paregoric-Root -- Stem glabrous, the foliage glabrous to villous, Styles longer, 2.0=3.5 mm long. Oak bluffs and galerie-forests, -=- NS, NB-Alta, US, Reports of var. brevistylis (= 0. Claytonii) from western Canada appear to be all based on specimens with the longer sty- les and lesser pubescence typical of var. longistylis. Except for the Riding Mountain and perhaps also for the Cypress Hill reports. The Macoun collection (QK; DAO, photo) from the Cypress Hills was typical indeed of var. brevistylis, but in the absence of later confirmation, we are inclined to suspect the possibili- ty of mixed labels, Our two varieties are not sharply disjunct morphologically and consequently a number of intermediate types based on unusual associations of diagnostic characters have been described and named. Specimens with styles of intermediate size are not un- common and one is then left with pubescence as the only usable distinction, Further the asiatic 0. aristata is more or less intermediate between our two types, the herbage being villous (as var. brevistylis) but the beak rather longish (like var. lon- gistylis) or not infrequently intermediate in size. However, var. aristata is best distinguished by its commonly longer pedi- cels, these being 1-2-(3) cm long in fruit while they are usual- ly about 0.5 cm long in our two american varieties, sometimes longer, but never averaging more than 1 cm on any plant. The rank of variety seems most appropriate for these inter- grading and morphologically overlapping taxa. The varietal rank also reflects most obviously their undeniable and very close es 163 OSMORHIZA 10) ra. s OC a OU ae Vol. 17, no. 2 Var. brevistylis (DC.) stat. n., O. brevistylis DC., Prod. He oegee 1830; Urosper = aristatum (Tnunb.) Ktze. var. brevis- e (DC) Ktze., Rev. Gen. a: 270. 1891; Osmorniza Claytonii a) C.B. Clarke. Var. longistylis (Torrey) stat. n., Myrrnis longistylis Torrey, Fl. U.S. 310. 1824; Urospermum aristatum aes e Ktze. var. longistyle (Torrey) Ktze., Rev. Gen. I: 270. 1891. 5. CONIUM LL. POTSON HEMLOCK Ribs of the fruit proeminent and strongly sinuous. Carpo- phore not becoming bifid. Stylopodium very broad. Otnerwise the fruit resembles Cicuta. 1. C. MACULATUM L. -- Poison Hemlock (Cigue d'Europe) -- Stem sparsely to densely and irregularly purple-blotcned. Lea- ves divided into very numerous small segments, the main ones alternate, becoming opposite in the inflorescence. Bracts of the involucre (and involucels) broadly margined, tending to be fused and usually reflexed. Early to mid summer. Established along roadsides at Maclean. -- NS, Q-0, S, swBC, US, Eur. 6. MUSINEON Raf. Rather resembling Lomatium, but the fruits wingless and only sligntly compressed laterally. 1. M. divaricatum (Pursh) Nutt. (var. Hookeri T. & G.; M. trachyspermum Nutt.) -- Conspicuous in early spring on dry hillsides, a low nerbd with an umbel of yellow flowers and at least one pair of opposite leaves. With a deeply buried tap- root and much dissected leaves. Puberulent to scabrous, espe- cially the stem and inflorescence. Up to 2 dm high. First half of spring. Hillsides. -- swMan-sAlta, US. 7. BUPLEURUM L. THOROUGH -WAX Fruit resembling the preceeding but smooth and the stylo- podium especially broad. 1. 3. americanum C. & R. -- Leaves simple, entire, linear- lanceolaté. TInvolucre and involucels rather large and conspi- cuous. Flowers pale yellow with the stylopodia forming a cons- picuous brown center. Fruits (and ovary) strongly glaucous, rather bluish. Mid summer. Gravelly and rocky prairies: Water- ton. -- nwMack-Aka, swAlta-seBC, nwuS. The inclusion of B.C. in the distribution is based solely on a collection by Dawson at the head of the Kootenay River in 1871 (CAN). This has never been confirmed and we have also come to appreciate that the geographical data on Dawson's la- bels are accurate only within a rather broad margin of approxi- mation. It could be that Dawson's collection came from the Alberta side. CONIUM 16h 1968 Boivin, Flora of Prairie Provinces 105 8. ZIZIA W. D. J. Koch ALEXANDERS Fruit slightly compressed laterally as in the last few ge- nera, but the stylopodium wanting. Each umbellule of pistil- late flowers shows a central flower sessile or nearly so. a. Basal and lower leaves simple, the middle and upper trifoliate oss ccseeccccncciccccicecceccs Le Le aptera aa. Basal and stem leaves biternate, with 9-11 mi NGaISVSGCS) telclelelelelolaicielelsicte steer ee cececeesccecceeee Oe Z. aurea 1. Z. aptera (Gray) Fern. (Z. cordata AA.) -- Alexanders -- A common yellow-flowered herb Conspicuous in early summer in ditches and other wettish places. Basal and lower leaves cor- date, crenately serrate. Leaflets ovate to lanceolate, serrate. Leaves thickish. Early summer. Chernozem prairies and wetter places. -- swY, swQ-BC, US. The recent extension of range to Yukon by Boivin 1966 was based on J. Fournier, Haines Junction, 25 juillet 1958 (QRA; DAO, photo). 2. Z. aurea (L.) W.D.J. Koch (Thaspium barbinode AA.) -- Golden Alexanders, Meadow-Parsnip -- Similar, the leaves thinner and more divided, mostly with 9 or 1l leaflets. Often taller, 5-10 dm high. Leaflets rhomboid to lanceolate, serrate. Early summer. Galerie-forests, Oak islands and low chernozems. -- NS, NB-sMan, US. Despite numerous Saskatchewan reports of Z. aurea, all of the or 5 collections found under that name in various herbaria turned out to belong to Z. aptera. All Manitoba specimens under Thaspium barbinode (Mx.) Nutt. at CAN and DAO also proved to be Ze aurea. 9. CICUTA J. WAT ER HEMLOCK A middling type with small, slightly compressed and wing- less fruit. Flowers white. Involucre much reduced or absent. Base of stem slightly bulbous and fistulous with numerous cross- plates. Very poisonous plants. a. Flowers mostly replaced by clusters of UWL NCLS ee icici cloleis clsicisiclelelsinio eielslelsieieisisieleiciien leon Gem bathena aa. Not bulbiferous. * b. Fruit depressed globose ............ 2 C. mackenzieana bb. Ovoid; leaflets broader ......ssseeeseee 3¢ Ce maculata 1. ¢. bulbifera L. -- A rather sparse herb with at least one terminal wnite umbel and numerous bulblets scattered along the branches. Annual or perennial, 5-12 dm high. Foliage dis- sected to filiform segments, about 1 mm wide and entire or so- metimes very remotely serrate. Fruit infrequent, suborbicular, about 1.5 mm long and about as wide. Second half of summer. Swampy ground or snores. -- sMack, L-NF, NS-BC, US. 2. &, mackenzieana Raup -- Like a narrow-leaved form of the following. Tuberous roots poorly developed or lacking. 16e CICUTA 106 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 2 Rather thick-stemmed for its sparse foliage and tending to be fastigiate in habit. Leaflets linear-elongate, about 10-15 ti- mes as long as broad, usually less than 5 mm wide. Fruit broad- ly orbicular, 2.0-2.5 mm long, as wide or wider than long. Mid summer. Marshes and bogs northward; mainly subarctic in dis- tribution. -- Mack—Aka, wcQ-neBC. 3. C. maculata L. var. angustifolia Hooker (C. Douglasii ARs Ge occidentalis Greene) -- Cowbane, Beaver-Poison (Carotte 4 Moreau) -- A tall herb with flattish, white umbels, conspi- Cuous around most sloughs just before mid summer. Some of the rootlets tuberous; base of the stem enlarging, becoming fleshy and tuberous towards the end of the season. Commonly about 1m high. Leaflets narrowly lanceolate, (0.5)-1.0-(1.5) cm wide, about l-6 times as long as wide, most of the lateral nerves ending at the bottom of the sinuses. Fruit 2.5-3.0 mm wide and somewhat narrower. Mid summer of somewhat earlier. Open marshy places. -- swMack-sY, wQ-neBC, US -- Var. maculata -- Leaflets broader, 1-3 cm wide, ovate to lanceolate, 2- times as long as large. Fruit a bit longer, 3- mm long. Prairie COteau at Notre-Dame-de-Lourdes. -- NS-sMan, (eUS). 10. CRYPTOTAENIA DC. HONEWORT Fruit elongate as in Osmorhiza, but glabrous and not pro- longed into a sharp point at base. Involucre lacking. 1. €, canadensis (L.) DC. var. canadensis -- Honewort (Cerfeuil sauvage) -- Leaves trifoliate, tne leaflets doubly serrate. Inflorescence vaguely paniculate. Flowers white. Pe- dicels very conspicuously uneven in length. First half of sum- mer. Rare in alluvial woods: Portage, Morden. -- NB-sMan, US, (Eur). The Far Eastern var. japonica (Hassk.) Makino has more open umbels subtended by better developed involucres and involucels, each of 2-5 bractlets. 11. CARUM L. CARAWAY Closely related to the preceeding. Involucre typically of a single bract which is often lobed. Fruit slightly compressed laterally. 1. C. CARVI L. -- Caraway (Anis, Anis batard) -- Leaves pinnately dissected into numerous small and linear segments. Annual. Terminal umbel usually overtopped by the lateral ones by fruiting time. Flowers white. First half of summer. Often cultivated and a casual escape to roadsides, shores, shelter- belts, etc. -- G, NF-(SPM), NS-Q-(0)-Man-Alta-(BC), US, Eur -- F. RHODOCHRANTHUM A.H. Moore -- Flowers pink. Infrequent. -- NS, Q, Man-Alta. 12. AEGOPODIUM L. Fruit without oil tubes, merely dark green between the thin nerves. CRYPT OTAEN IA 166 1968 Boivin, Flora of Prairie Provinces 107 1. A. PODOGRARIA L. -- Goutweed, Ground-Elder (Herbe aux goutteux, Petite Angélique) -- Main leaves with 9 leaflets, the lateral ones strongly asymetrical. Stoloniferous perennial. Leaflets ovate to oblong, often broadly margined in wnite. Flo- wers white. Styles rather long, pendent in fruit. Early summer. Cultivated and sometimes spreading out of control: Morden. -- NF, NS, NB-sMan, BC, neUS, Eur. 13. PERIDERIDTA Reichenbach SQUAW-ROOT A segregate of Carum, perhaps mainly based on habit. 1. P. Gairdneri (H. & A.) Mathias (Atenia montana (Blank.) Rydb.) -- Squaw-Root -- Foliage unusually sparse; main leaves about 1 dm long and divided into a few (mostly 5-7) remote leaf- lets, these very narrow, 1-(3) mm wide, very long, and usually deciduous by fruiting time. Perennial from a cluster of tuberous roots. Flowers white. Mid summer. Submontane prairies, mainly in draws and around bluffs. -- swS-3C, US. 1. SIUM L. WATER ~PARSNIP Leaves pinnate, otherwise much as in Cicuta. 1. S. suave Walter (S. cicutifolium Schrank) -- Leaves pinnate; otherwise quite similar to Cicuta maculata with which it often grows. Reputedly perennial. Leaflets linear, 1 cm wide or less, finely dissected when suomerged. Involucre of numerous lanceolate and reflexed bracts. Flowers white. All summer. Common around sloughs and on marshy shores. -- sMack, (Aka), NF, NS-BC, (US, Eur). 15. ANSTHUM L. In this and the following genera the fruit is dorsally com- pressed, hence @ach achene is as wide as the whole fruit. Fruit strongly flattened and narrowly winged marginally. Involucre and involucels lacking. 1. A. GRAVEOLENS L. -- Dill (Fenouil, Aneth) -- Stem pale, finely striate longitudinally in white and green. Resembles Carum Carvi, but the flowers yellow and the pedicels nearly uni- form in length. Annual. Leaves finely divided into linear to filiform segments. Inflorescence most often becoming glandular- punctate first in deep green, then in black. Mid to late summer. Waste places. -- Q-Alta, US, Eur. 16. ANGELICA L. ANGELICA Fruit as in Anethum; leaflets broad and distinct; flowers usually waite. Involucre usually lacking. Involucels small. a. Flowers yellow; involucral bracts about as long as tne peduncles ...... alelavsinvel deteiorelelelcteretere o+- 3- A. Dawsonii aa. Flowers wiite to pinkish; involucre lacking. 167 ANETHUM 108 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 2 b. Leaf rachis straight, its branches ABSCONGINE ceccvesccceseccs ervvccvessesisese Co the Srguve bb. Leaf racnis geniculate, ite branches a widely spreading to reflexed ...ese-ee+ Le A~ penuflexa iy at 1. A. genuflexa Nutt. var. genuflexa -- Primary divisions of the leaf racnis aoout equally Spreading from tne petiole and more or less radiating from its tip. Coarse perennial often 1m tall. Involucels of filiform bracts nearly as long as the pedicels. Inflorescence densely puberulent, but tne fruit be- coming nearly glabrous, with a deep green centre and wnitish wings. Mid summer. Low spots in semi-open forest. -- (sAka), cAlta-BC, (wUS). Stem glabrous and the leaflets eciliate. Involucels snort- er than the pedicels. In the Far Eastern vicariant var. multi- nervis (Koidz.) Hiroe (including A. refracta F. Schmidt) the stem is puberulent above, the leaflets ciliate and the involu- cel longer than the pedicels. 2. A. arguta Nutt. (A. Lyallii Watson) -- Resembles the above, but iaiee glabrous and sligntly glaucous, or slightly scabrous. Subterminal leaflets often proximally adnate in the manner of the following. Involucels lacking or much reduced. Mid summer. Mountane forests, rare: Rockies. -- swAlta-seBC, wus. 3. A. Dawsonii Watson -- Mountain-Parsnip -- Involucre conspicuous, of bracts mostly.2-3 cm long, their margins laci- niate and their base + petiolate. Less than 1 m high and gla- brous. Leaflets 9-15, the intermediate ones often sessile and cuneate on the distal side, broadly adnate to the rachis on the proximal side. Umbel solitary, on a rather elongate peduncle 2-l; dm long. Late spring. Rare in wettish montane woods: Wa- terton. -- swilta-seBC, (nwUS). 17. LEVISTICUM Hill Fruit as in Anethum; leaflets broad and distinct; flowers yellow. Involucre present. 1. L. OFFICINALE W.D.J. Koch -- Lovage (Herbe 4 cocnons, Céleri batard) -- Leaflets lanceolate and entire to rhomboid and few-toothed or few-lobed towards the middle. Coarse peren- nial about 1 m high. Involucre of broadly membranous bracts. Involucels of broadly memoranous and fused bractlets. Early summer. Sometimes planted and long persisting to slowly spread- ing around abandoned homesteads: Langham. -- NS, Q-O, S, (US), Eur. 18. CYMOPTERUS Raf. Each achene with ) oro2d wings, otherwise similar to Loma- tium. ~~ ANGELICA 168 1968 Boivin, Flora of Prairie Provinces 109 1. ¢. acaulis (Pursh) Raf. (Cymopteris acaulis sphalm.)-- Low herb with habit of Musineon and Lomatium, but the leaves all basal, the inflorescence more congested, the flowers white and the fruits with more wings. Perennial with a deeply buried fleshy taproot connected to the rosette by a thin and fragile pseudoscape. Leaves much dissected into linear lobes. Inflo- rescence congested, + puberulent. Involucre lacking. Involu- cels palmatifid, the tips of the lobes overtopping the white to pinkish flowers. Pedicels of the pistillate flowers very short, shorter than the ovary and partly adnate to the involucel. Early to mid spring. Dry hills, mainly along the major coulées. -- swMan-sAlta, US. Previous reports of Cymopterus montanus (Nutt.) T. & G. we- re discussed by Scoggan 1957. The only herbarium sheet located was N. Criddle 1033, Aweme, prairie séche, 2), mai 1909 (MT; DAO, photo) and it turned out to be the rare Lomatium orientale. 19. LOMATIUM Raf. Rather polymorphic. Typically low herbs with a taproot, the fruit dorsally flattened and winged around the edge. No in- volucre. Fruit nearly always at least as long as its pedicel. a. Leaf divided into well defined leaflets...7. L. triternatun aae Leaf finely divided into numerous small = ~~ ee ultimate segments. b. Ovary and fruit densely puberulent. c. Involucel simple and palmately lobed .. wictelefalelelslelavercrele sG0000¢ eichelekoicne e. 2. L. foeniculaceum cc. Involucel of Sree free and slender DEACELGLS, «sis os:cstele'stotse oie siereien ates suey Le mang werneick bb. Glabrous. PY. ae d. Bractlets broadly oblanceolate ....... -- 1. L. Coltis dd. Narrowly lanceolate, broadest nearer the base. Q5..Stem. ¢LaPrOUus, cas .0.00 «0.0010 ejs:cs0,0) Ov ie 01 93SCCCUM ee. Densely puberulent. a f. Stem with at least one pair of opposite leaves near the base .. ete eececeerceecerecescoes Ye Le macrocarpum ff. Stem with a single leaf in the lower half, or sometimes the leaves more numerous and alternate, rarely all basal ........-- 3. L. orientale 1. J. Qotis (Watson) C.& R. (L. montanum C. & R.) -- Cous (Cahous )-- Taproot with a subglobular enlargement. Commmonly glabrous. Leaves usually all basal. Flowers yellow. Primary branches of the inflorescence few and very uneven in fruit. Early spring. Dry hillsides, rare: Cypress Hills. -- sws, nwus. 169 LOMATIUM 110 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 2 2. Le foeniculaceum (Nutt.) C. & R. var. foegniculaceum (L. daucifolfum AA.; L. Villosun Raf.; Cogswellia villosa (Raf. ) Schultes) -- (Racine biscuit) -- Short villous throughout. Lea- ves all basal Very finely divided, about quadripinnatipartite into very numerous and narrow ultimate segments. Scape about l dm high. Bractlets fused into a strongly asymetrical involu- cel, the latter peltate, palmatilobed and broadly membranous along the edges. Flowers yellow. Early to mid spring. Dry hills along major coulées. -- swian-sAlta-(neBC), US. There are a number of more southern varieties such as var. fimbriatum (Theobald) stat. n., ssp. fimbriatum Theobald, Brit- tonia 18: 15, 1966, with pubescent petals. Also var. inyoense (Math. “4k Const.) stat. ne, Le inyoense Math. & Const., El Aliso 3: 120, 1955 in which the umbels are reduced to a single pedicel. i 3. L. orientale C.gR. (Cogswellia orientalis (C. &R.) M.E. Jones) -- Quite similar to the above, the leaves not quite so deeply divided, the herbage puberulent, but the pedicels and fruit glabrous. Stem nearly always bearing one leaf in the low- er half. Flowers wnite. Early spring. Steppes on the bluffs of the Souris, rare: Minto, Aweme, Bienfait. -- swMan-seS, US. Peucedanum nudicaule (Pursh) Nutt. as used by older authors and, presumably, by Macoun 1890, usually refers to specimens of Lows Cth orientale. re L- Macrocarpum (H.& A.) C.& R. var. macrocaroum (Cogs - wellia macrocarpa (H. & A.) M.E. Jones) -~ The stout stem typi- cally bearing one pair of opposite leaves near the base. Stem 1-3 dm high. Herbage lightly to densely villous tomentose. Bractlets fused near the base. Flowers white. Fruit largest, narrowly oblong, 8-13 mm long. Spring. Steppes and hillsides, mainly along coulées. -- swMan-BC, US. The more southern var. ellipticum (T.& G.) Jepson has longer peduncles and fruits. 5. L. Sandbergii C. & R. -- Resembles L. foeniculaceum but merely scabrous puberulent and the leaves smaller, the Limb 5 cm long or less. Stem more or less clearly leafy near the base, the leaves aiceminte. Flowers yellow. Bractlets free, few, narrowly elongate, the larger ones often digitate at tip. Mid summer. Shale slides above timberline. Waterton. -- swAlta-seBC, nwus. 6. L. dissectum (Nutt.) Math. @ Const. var. multifidum (Nutt. ) Math. @ Const. (Leptotaenia multifida Nutt.) -- Tallest, 6-15 dm high and the leaves most divided, tripinnate to quadri- pinnate with the segments pinnatifid to bipinnatipartite. Stem leafy, the Leaves alternate, puberulent below, much less densely so to glabrous above, the plant otherwise glabrous or nearly so. Involucels strongly reflexed. Flowers yellow or purplish. Fruit elliptic, 1 cm long or less, nearly sessile or at least longer than its pedicel. (Early spring?). Sheltered montane prairies. -- swS-swAlta-sBC, nwUS. In the more western typical phase the leaf is less finely dissected, the ultimate segments often over 2 mm wide, and the fruit is always subsessile. LOMATIUM 170 1968 Boivin, Flora of Prairie Provinces nu 7. L. triternatum (Pursh) C.& R. var. triternatum (L. nu- dicaule AA. L. simplex AA., var. leptophyllum (Hooker ) Mathias) == With (3)-9-15-(35) distinct leaflets, entire, narrowly lan- ceolate to long linear. Stem leafless, thickened below the um- bel. At least the stem, and usually the whole plant including the fruits, finely puberulent. Flowers yellow. Late spring to early summer. Low ground in regions of steppe. -- sAlta-sBC, nwus. The more western var. platycarpum (Torrey) Boivin is known in Canada only from the Okanagan valley. It has a larger fruit, the wings being about as wide as the body, and a less variable leaf, the narrowly linear leaflets being nearly always 9-15 in number. Despite many Alberta reports of L. nudicaule (Pursh) C. &R., only one collection was found under that name: A.H. Brinkman 3005, near Beaver Creek, June , 1928 (NY; DAO, photo). It turned out to be L. triternatun. 20. PASTINACA L. PARSNIP Fruit flattened and marginally winged in the manner of Lo- matium. Involucre and involucels lacking. 1. P. SATIVA L. -- Parsnip (Panais sauvage) -- Leaves pin- nately divided into a few broad leaflets. Strongly scented herb. Stem 1-2 m high, fistulose, polygonal rather than cylindric. Leaflets irregularly serrate, toothed and lobed. Flowers yellow. Mid summer. Cultivated and occasionally escaped, sometimes in great abundance. -- Y-Aka, NF-SPM, NS-BC, US, Eur. 21. HERACLEUM L. COW-PARSNIP Peripheral flowers larger; the petals bifid. Fruit simi- lar to Lomatiun. 1. H. Lanatum Mx. -- Wild Parsnip, Cow-Parsnip (Cigtle) -- Leaves trifoliate, the huge Leaflets I- dm wide. A huge herb in many ways, leaves, stem, umbels, etc. Biennial, itor m high, the herbage copiously villous. Flowers white. Early summer. Wetter woods, usually semi-open, and frequently in the periphe- ral shrubbery. -- seK-Aka, L-SPM, NS-BC, nUS, (eEur). 22. DAUCUS L. CARROT Fruit densely covered with bristles borne in rows along the nerves of the achene. Peripheral flowers larger and irre- gular. 1. D. CAROTA L. -- Wild Carrot, Queen-Anne's Lace (Ca- rotte sauvage) -- Umbel with a conspicuous involucre of bracts about as Long as the rays and pectinately dissected. Coarsely hirsute biennial with finely dissected leaves. Umbels stri- kingly contracted after flowering and until the maturity of the fruits. Flowers white, the central one often pinkish. Mid summer. Wild progenitor of the cultivated carrot, occuring with us only as a rare roadside weed: Brandon, Indian Head. -- L7L DAUCUS 112 PobvT T O-.L‘O:G Ps Vol. 17, no. 2 L, NS-S, BC, US, Eur. Foeniculum vulgare Miller was mentioned for Colinton, Al- berta, by Groh 197, but there is no corresponding specimen un- der that name at DAO and in 1950 Groh now mentions the species only for B.C. Presumably the original sheet was in the inter- val revised to something else. FOENICULUM 172 REVIEW Otto & Isa Degener Bernhard Zepernick of Berlin, Germany, in Baessler-Arch. Beitr. VOlkerk. Bd. 15: 329-365. 1967, deals with "Bemerkungen gzur Farberei der Polynesier" or, roughly translated, "Remarks about Polynesian Dye Plants". The article deals with about 100 species, giving their correct scientific names (without authori- ties) and indicating when necessary the synonyms used by about 60 authors in over 90 articles. The commonest dyes are gained from Curcuma longa, Aleurites moluccana and Morinda citrifolia. The author describes the plants used for certain dyes (blue and green are rare), in what island groups they are used, on what materials, and their vernacular names. The reviewers wish to alert the reader that Solanum nigrum was native in Polynesia long before the coming of the Caucasian explorers, and that Ricinus communis is a common, naturalized weed. Two endemic species of Rubus ex- ist in the Hawaiian Islands and hence the name of one should not be a synonym of the other. Mr. Zepernick, with aid of five tables, has given us in less than 50 pages what the usual author might give us in a booklet of 150 or more. The study is of general interest to botanists as well as anthropologists dealing with the islands of the Pacific. NOTES ON NEW AND NOTEWORTHY PLANTS. L Harold N. Moldenke CITHAREXYLUM HIRTELLUM var. GUATEMALENSE Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei laminis foliorum subtus in reticulo venulorum parcissime setulosis recedit. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having the vein and veinlet reticulation on the lower leaf- surface very sparsely setulose with whitish, stiff, straight, unbranched, sharp-pointed, spreading hairs, and the lamina it- self glabrate. The type of the variety was collected by Julian Alfred Steyermark (no. 41818) along the Rfo Yameja, at about 50 meters altitude, Cerro San Gil, Izabal, Guatemala, on December 2), 191, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. LYSIMACHIA QUADRIFOLIA f. RUBESCENS Moldenke, f. nov. Haec forma a forma typica speciei caulibus foliisque in statu ab ls) 14 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 2 juvenile plusminusve rubris recedit. This form differs from the typical form of the species in having the upper portions of its stems and all the upper leaves, or sometimes the entire plant, red when young. The type of the form was collected by Alma Lance Moldenke and Harold Norman Moldenke (no. 24355) on an open roadbank at Moose Meadow, Tolland County, Connecticut, on May 31, 1968, and is de- posited in the herbarium of the Botanisk Institut at Aarhus Uni- versitet, Aarhus, Denmark, This form sometimes grows in very extensive purestand colonies, while at other times it is inter- spersed with the typical green form of the species in precisely the same environmental conditions of soil, drainage, exposure to sunlight, etc, The type where the entire plant is red from top to base was not collected, but occurred in purestand colonies on roadbanks only a few miles from where the type specimens were gathered. There is another form of the species knom, L. a f. variegata (Peck) House, in which the tips of the pe are orange. It is = eee in Bull. N. Y. State Mus. 47: 157 (1894) and 254: 559 (192k). PRIVA LAPPULACEA f. ALBIFLORA Moldenke, f. nov. Haec forma a forma typica speciei corollis albis recedit. This form differs from the typical form of the species in having white corollas. The type of the form was collected by Walter H. Lewis, Jr., John Duncan Dwyer, T. S. Elias, and K. R. Robertson (no. 926) at the edge of a river and adjacent rainforest and railway, Changuinola to 5 miles south at the junction of Rfo Changuinola and Rfo Terebe, at an altitude of 100 to 200 feet, Bocas del Toro, Panama, between December 17 and 19, 1966; and is deposited in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden at St. Louis. SVIDA CONTROVERSA (Hemsl.) Moldenke, comb. nov. Cornus controversa Hemsl. in Curtis, Bot. Mag. 135 [ser. h, 5]: pl. 8261. 1909; Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1909: 331. 1909. XYLOSTEON MORROWI (A. Gray) Moldenke, comb. nov. Lonicera morrowi A. Gray in Perry, Narr. Exped. Chin. Jap. @: Fisieassée inte ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS VITEX. IX Harold N, Moldenke VITEX TRIFOLIA var. SIMPLICIFOLIA Cham. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 1l—13, 5, 1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 115 7, 50, & Sh--56. 1968. Van Steenis (1957) prefers to regard this plant as a subspe- cies, which he calls V. trifolia subsp. litoralis. He comments that the plant was considered as a valid species by Thunberg and by Blanco, later as a variety by Chamisso, Schauer, Makino, Rid- ley, and Bentham. "This evaluation as a variety has been main— tained by later monographers (Lam & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Merrill, and Moldenke). Backer......, Corner....., and following hin Backer & Meeuse......have again treated it as a good, dis- tinct species. And Corner has taken great pains to give arguments for this view. Contrary to Ridley......who suggested to have seen it change into normal V. trifolia after transplantation to Singapore, Corner maintains that it miintains its habit and characters in cultivation and is no mere phenotype. He trans- planted ten specimens to the Botanic Gardens, Singapore, where he also had living shrubs of V. trifolia and V. "negundo, and has found that they retain their habit. As to the const. constancy of that character there remains hence little doubt, though additional ex- periments in raising inland plants from seed of the prostrate form and crossing it with V. trifolia are still a desideratum. In addition Corner assumes to have found differences with V. tri~ folia in the corolla, fruiting calyx, and the fruit. I have tried to verify these differences with many sheets preserved at Leyden but I cannot corroborate these statements. The fruits of V. trifolia and V. ovata offer no differences in size, shape, and internal tissue structure. That the inflorescences of V. ovata are smaller than the average size in V. trifolia I deem not sig- nificant, as they are borne on small side-branches. The only characteristics holding are vegetative in nature, viz the typical prostrate, rooting, runner-like branches, and the obovate, small, simple leaves, and geographic: its exclusive growth on the sandy beach." Ohwi (1965) gives the distribution of the variety as "Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. — Korea, Bonins, Ryukyus, Formosa to se. Asia, Pacific Islands, and Australia." Bryan says that on Johnston Is- land it was "planted by man or introduced by some other means since 1923". Taniguti (1963) records it from Hemizima Island, Japan, while Hatusima (1962) records it from the Amami Islands in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Nobuhara (1967) tells us that "The shorter the distance to the coast line, the less the cover of Canavalia and the more, to some extent, that of Vitex rotundifolia expands. expands." Nobuhara, Okada, & Fujihira (1962) report that our plant has average tolemantises toward salt spray from typhoons. Wilson found is common on Quel- part Island, while Chiao refers to it as a "rare bush along sea- shore" in Shantung and Ching describes it as "a low dense sand- binding shrubby perennial herb on active sand, up to 11/2 ft. tall" in Chekiang. A letter to me from Berta Gerin, dated April 29, 1962, announces that she plans to study the chemical constituents of this plant. Additional vernacular names recorded for the plant are "h&i-po- 116 PET OD OGwzA Vol. 17, no. 2 kiu", “hamag6", "hamagd", "hama-g6" ["hama" = the sea), "hama- sikimi", "kolokolo-kahakai", "mosquito sage", "peh-po-kiu", "pohinahina", "polinalina", "simple-leaf chaste—tree", "simple-leaf shrub chaste-tree", and "taiwan-hamag6", The Lam (192) reference given in the bibliography of this plant is often dated "1925", but the latter date is merely the title-page date for the volume; the page involved actually was issued in 192. Van Steenis (1957) gives the date of publication of Bentham's name (1870) for this taxon as "1876", Hara (1918) cites Merrill's Emm. Philip. Pl. (1923) as page "37" in error. The Hooker & Arnott (1836) references in the bibliography and list of illustrations listed previously are sometimes dated "181" but pages 193 to 288 and plates 0 to 59 of this work were actual- ly issued in 18 Lam (192),) cites Kotara s.n. from the Bonin Islands and Koch sn. from Dutch New Guinea. Hatusima (1966) cites his no. 28565 and | gives the general distribution of the variety as "Japan to _ to Malaysia, Australia and Polynesia". Li (1963) cites Faurie 452 & 1169, Gressitt 523, A. Henry s.n., Oldham 362, Owatari s.n., Price LoL & 650, T. Takenouchi s.n., E. He = H. Wilson T 109768, and Yamamo- to 3. Some 1. from Formosa. Miquel 1 ( 1870) ci cites Oldham 1 am 1 [specinent], Birger 7 [specimens?], Keiske 1, Maximowicz 1, and Siebold 3. The A. Henry 12302 and Saint John & Fosberg 16976 16976, distributed as this "variety, are actually v. var, subtrisecta Comika) Moldenke. On the other hand, many collections of var. simplicifolia have been distributed in herbaria as typical V. trifolia L. Additional citations: CHINA: Chekiang: Chiao 15 [Herb. Univ. Nanking 1644] (Bi, W—127017); R. ©. Ching ng 1967 7 (W—121,6828) . Shantung: Chiao 277 (W-159623),). CHINESE COASTAL ISLANDS: Hai- nan: Fung 20500 20500 (Mi); Liang 62926 (W--1670956). lLantau: McClure SNe (Herb. Lingnan Univ. 13095] (W--129810); Taam 1702 (W— 2214609) ; Tsang s.n. (Herb. Lingnan Univ. 166)9] 9] (W—12h)9810) . HONGKONG: Bodinier er 679 (W—-29712h); C. Wright s.n. [Hong Kong] (W911). THAILAND: Larsen, Smitinand, & Warncke 126 (Ac, Rf). ee Orne Tonkin: Pételot 31 317 (W—1716990) . - KOREA: R. Ke Smith FS ts Wilson 9392 (W-~105)188) . WESTERN PACIFIC ISLANDS: JAPAN: Anashima: Koidzumi sen. [5.8.1922] (Mi). Honshiu: Collector un determined 36 (W—-73901) , sen. (Sagami, 17 Juli 191 10] (Ww— 1133035); Ichikawa 200661 [122] (W—137l1h); Kirono 762 (S, ¥— 2336304); Maruyama & & Okamoto 1600 (W—231576)); Maxi Maximowicz 90 (W—73900); Sasaki & Tagasi 606 (Mi, W—2156562); Savatier s.n. [Yokaska] (W297 Ea dy Kiushiu: Hurusawa 202 (W—2038128); Ta Take- nouchi 1728 (W--1271675). Shikoku: Collector undetermined s.n. [Susaki, Tosa, Aug. 16, 1892] (W—206183). FORMOSA: Gressitt 523 (N); A. Henry sen. [Takow] (W—l55205); Takenouchi s.n. [Aug. 5, 1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 117 1940] (W--2063)01); E. H. Wilson 10978 (W--1052371). PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Luzon: Haenke sen. [Luzon, nm, 1792] (Bi). Mindoro: H. He Bartlett 13708, in part (Mi). Sibuyan: Elmer 12135 (Bi). BONIN ISLANDS: Anijima: Kondo 115 (Bi). Chichijima: Kondo 33 (Bi). Imajima: H. L. Porter 3 (Mi). Island undetermined: C. Wright s. n. [Bonin Islands] (W—73896). VOLCANO ISLANDS: Iwojima: H. mee Porter 3 (W—19))269). MELANESIA: NEW HEBRIDES: Aneityum: Kajew- ski 690 (Bi). AUSTRALIAN REGION: AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Brass 1919 (Bi). POLYNESIA: HAWAIIAN ISLANDS: Hawaii: A. F. Judd s.n. (Bi). Kauai: F. R. Fosberg 12734 (Bi, Bi); A. A. Heller 2731 (Bi, Ms—-30950) ; Saint John, Hosaka, Hume, Inafuku, |, Lindsay, | Ma- suhara, Mitchell, & “& Wong g 108 (Bi); C. Skottsberg 1059 1059 (Bi). Lanai: G. C. Munro 90 © (Bi), 12 122 (Bi), s sn. [Kaena Point, 12/2/ 15] (Bi). “Maui: T Topping sen. (0. Degener 9 950] (Bi, Lb—-15779, Mi). Molokai: 0. ~Degener 9506 (Bi, Mi), 9507 (Bi). Niihau: (Bi). Oahu: 0. iene 10018 (Bi, Mi), aks (Bi), 1 12h7 (Bi); F. R. Fosberg 8881 (Bi), 10360 (Bi), 13118 (B (BiB), 8h (Bi); ae A. Harris C.2421)0 (Bi), Ce C.22201 (Bi); Hathaway & . Caindec = feet Meebold s.n. [Paumalu, May 1932] (Bi); H. N. Moldenke 21808 (Bi, Ca, Fg, Mi); J. xs Moore son. ae Te 1929] (Bi, June 1-2, , 1920) (Bi); topping S013 3012 (Bi); Me M. To Townsend s.N. [Oct. 20, 1940] (Mi); D. P. Wilder Soe [Leilehua Plain, 1912] (Bi). Island undetermined: 0. Degener 112h6 mer 112)6 (Bi); C. N. Forbes sn. (Bi); Hillebrand & Lydgate SNe (Bi); G Ge Pe Wilder | 5.n. [1913] (Bi). CULTIVATED: Johnston Island: E. H. Bryan sen. [Au- VITEX TRIFOLIA var. SIMPLICIFOLIA f. ALBIFLORA (Y. Matsumura) Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 197. 1958; Moldenke, R4sumé 173, 388, & 479. 1959. VITEX TRIFOLIA var. SUBTRISECTA (Kuntze) Moldenke Additional bibliography: Warb. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 13: 29. 1891; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 510 & 511. 1891; Mak., Ill. Fl. Nipp. 186. 190; Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 178. 1949; Moldenke in Humbert, Fl. Madag. 17: 72, 82, & 273. 1956; Moldenke, Phytolo- gia 8: 88--90. 1961; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 37: 1062. 1962; Hock- » Excerpt. Bot. A.6: 53h. 1963; Neal, In Gard. Hawaii, ed. 2, 727 & 728. 1965. It is worth recording here that Makino's original Japanese description of his var. heterophylla has been rendered in Latin by Hara (1948) as "Folia aut simplicia aut tripartita". The co- rolla is described as "purple" on M. S. Clemens 11067bis and on Native collector DI.149 (Herb. Roy. Forest Dept. 3567), "“reddish- 118 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 2 purple" on S. K, Lau 270, and "blue" on Rock 7838. Rock refers to the plant | as a "common shrub along barks" in the Southeastern Shan States of Burma; it is also said to be common on the plains in Thailand, where the bark and roots are employed as a febrifuge and where the plant is known as "phi-suae", The plant has also been collected in sandy areas behind the beach on outer sandhills in Thailand, at 3000 feet altitude in New Guinea, and between 3000 and 1,000 feet altitude in Ytmnan! It has been collected in anthesis in February and June. R. K. Godfrey 59186 bears a notation "locally naturalized in sandy lots" in Pinellas County, Florida. P.O. Schallert 23077 is var. variegata Moldenke in most herbaria, but the specimen of this number preserved in the Berlin herbarium shows no variega- tion, although the leaf-edges are irregularly turned over, which may be an indication of variegation. Additional citations: FLORIDA: Pinellas Co.: R. K. Godfrey 59186 (Hi—15)718). BURMA: Shan States: J. F. C. Rock 2325 (W— 1211807). CHINA: Ytmnan: A. Henry 12302 (W—59013); J. F.C. Rock 2669a (W--1214891), 2969 (W—1213252), 7838 (W—-13321L0). CHINESE COASTAL ISLANDS? Hainan: S. Ke Lau 270 70 (W—16291)2) . THAILAND: Larsen, Smitinand, & Warnecke 1321 (Ac, Rf); Native col- lector DI.149 [Herb. Roy. Paar Dept. 3567] (W—-206795). WES- TERN PACIFIC ISLANDS: RYUKYU ARCHIPELAGO: OKINAWAN ISLANDS: Okin- awa: Field & Loew 2lv (Mi). PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Mindoro: H. H. Bartlett 13708, i in pa: part (Mi). INDONESIA: GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Sumatra: Hamel & Toroes 551 (Mi); Schiffner 2454, (Bi); Toroes 910 (Mi); Yates 52h , (Mi). MELANESIA: NEW GUINEA: Northeastern New Guinea: M. oe . Clemens 11067 bis (Mi), 41503 (Mi). SOLOMON IS- 22661] (Bi, Bi). YASAWA FIJI ISLANDS: vit Levu: J. W. Gillespie 14380 (Bi); A. C. Smith 559 (Bi), 6078 (Bi). POLYNESIA: LINE IS- LANDS: Palmyra: E. Y. Dawson 19825 (Bi). MARQUESAS ISLANDS: Is- land undetermined: Quayle 1281 [2181] (Bi). TUAMOTU ISLANDS: Anaa: H. Saint John | 14252 (Bi). Raroia: Doty & Newhouse 11724 (Bi). “SOCIETY ISLANDS: Raiatea: Je W. Moore 696 (Bi). AUSTRAL ISLANDS: Rimatara: Saint John & Fosberg 16976 , 16976 . (Bi). Rurutu: Chapin 853 (Bi); F. Re Fosberg 11981 (Bi); H. H. Saint John 16573 (Bi); A. M. Stokes 1 (Bi). CULTIVATED: Baker Island: E. H. Bry- an 1315 (Bi). Florida: P. 0. Schallert 23077, in part , (B). Hawaiian Islands: J. F. Rock | sen. [S. Kona, April 26, 1957] (Bi). Johnston Island: Ke a Pe . Fosberg 15 Z15 (Bi). Marshall Tekan, Fe. Re Fosberg 36709 (Bi). VITEX TRIFOLIA var. SUBTRISECTA f. ALBIFLORA Moldenke Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 90—91. 1961; Moldenke, es Abstr. 37: 1062. 1962; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.6: 53k. 1963. 1968 Moldenke, Notes on Vitex 119 Additional citations: POLYNESIA: AUSTRAL ISLANDS: Rurutu: H. Saint John 16705 (Bi--isotype). VITEX TRIFOLIA var. VARINGATA Moldenke Synonymy: Vitex trifolia variegata [Moldenke] ex lord, Shrubs & Trees Austral. Gard., rev. ed., 232. 196). Additional & emended bibliography: Neal, In Gard. Hawaii, ed. 1, 641. 1948; L. He Bailey, Man. Cult. Pl., ed. 2, 844 & 111). 19195 Kuck & Tongg, Mod. Trop. Gard. 77 & 236. 19555 Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 91. 1961; Menninger, Seaside Pl. 15: & 155. 196k; E. E. Lord, Shrubs & Trees Austral. Gard., rev. ed., 232. 1963 Neal, In Gard. Hawaii, ed. 2, 728. 1965; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 15: rise 1967; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 52. 1968. Illustrations: Menninger, Seaside Pl. pl. 223. 196k. Lord (196) describes this variety as "Vitex trifolia variega- ta with the leaves broadly cream-margined, a very showy shrub", and recommends it for coastal areas in Australia. Kuck & Tongg (1955) state that the plant is very wind-resistant. The Berlin specimen of P. 0. Schallert 23007 does not show any variegation, although its leaf-margins are turned over, and is cited by me herein under V, trifolia var. subtrisecta (Kuntze) Moldenke, It is very possible that the turning over of the leaf- margins is an indication that they were variegated there and that the specimen should, therefore, be cited here under var. variegata. Additional citations: CULTIVATED: Florida: H. N. Moldenke 24094 (Ac, Rf). Hawaiian Islands: Ito s.n. [Schofield, May 1936] (Bi); C. S. Judd s.n. [Puunene, Feb. ue. ~19h0] (Bi); Neal s.n. [Nov. 19, 19l] (Bi), sen. [July 9, 19h8] (Bi); J. A, Pr Price s SNe [May 10, 1943] (Bi). VITEX TRIPINNATA (Lour.) Merr. Additional & emended bibliography: Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 1: 582 (1893) and 2: 1036 & 1121. 1895; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Supple 6: 219 (1926) and 9: 297 & 298. 1938; Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 5: 178. 190; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 2, 1: 582 (19463 and 2: 103% & 1121 (1916) and pr. 3, 1: 582 (1960) and 2: 1036 & 1121. 1960; Moldenke, Phy- tologia 8: 91—92. 1961; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 37: 1062. 1962; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.6: 53h. 1963. Recent collectors have found this plant growing in evergreen forests, at 150 meters altitude, fruiting in August. The corollas are described as having been "yellow" on Clemens & Clemens 339. The Bejaud 223, in part, in the Berlin herbarim, cited by m me peorionel gins as Ve tripinnata, proves actually to be var. clemensorum Moldenke. Additional citations: CHINESE COASTAL ISLANDS: Hainan: How 72997 (Bi). THAILAND: Larsen, Smitinand, & Warncke 1385 (Ac, Rf). INDOCHINA: Annam: Clemens & C Clemens mens 3394 ’ (127199). Tonkin: Pételot 6398 (W--1759457), 6419 (W—1759467). State undetermined: Eberhardt % 1132 (Hoa-Binh] (W—-2),97092) . 120 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 17, no. 2 VITEX TRIPINNATA var. CLEMENSORUM Moldenke Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 92. 1961; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 37: 1062. 1962; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.6: 534. 1963. The Berlin specimen of Bejaud 223, previously cited by me as typical V. tripinnata, has been re-examined and proves to be var. clemensorum, It is, however, mixed with something not verbena~ CeOus. Additional citations: INDOCHINA: Cambodia: Bejaud 223, in part (B). VITEX TRISTIS S. Elliot Additional bibliography: Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. l, pr. 1, 457 (1906) and pr. 2, 457. 1913 Moldenke in Humbert, Fl. Madag. 17h: 7h, 113-115, & 273, fig. 17 (1). 1956; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 200—201. 1958; Moldenke, Résumé 157 & 479. 1959; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, pr. 3, 457. 1959. Illustrations: Moldenke in Humbert, Fl. Madag. 17h: 115, fig. 17 (1). 1956. VITEX UBANGHENSIS A. Chev. Additional bibliography: Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 5, pr. 1, 273. 1921; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 201. 1958; Moldenke, Résumé 10 & 479. 1959; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 5, pr. 2, 273. 1960. VITEX UMBROSA Sw. Additional synonymy: Nephrandra dubia Willd. in Cothen., Disp. Veg. 8. 1790. Additional bibliography: J. F. Gmel. in L., Syst. Nat. Veg., ed. 13, pr. 1, 2: 963 (1789) and pr. 2, 2: 946 & 963. 1796; Pers., Sp. Pl. 3: 361. 1819; Steud., Nom. Bot. Phan., ed. l, 888. 1821; Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 26. 1866; Jacks. in Hook, 1g & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 1, 2: 308 (189) & 121) (1895) and pr. 2, 2: 308 & 121). 1946; Asprey & Robbins, Ecol. Monog. 23: 385 & 11, fig. 20. 1953; Hocking, Dict. Terms Pharmacog. 32. 1955; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., pr. 3, 2: 308 & 1a). 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 92. 1961; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 15: Za be 1967. Additional illustrations: Asprey & Robbins, Ecol. Monog. 23: 385, fig. 20. 1953. Recent collectors describe this species as a tree, 12 n. tall, the stem diameter 50 cm. at breast height, the flowers scented, and the fruit orange, growing on steep wooded hillsides, at 1000 feet altitude. The corolla is described as "purple with yellow blotch at top of lower lip" on Stearn 976. Hocking (1955) reports the common names "boxwood" and "South American boxwood" for this species. ery ee citations: JAMAICA: Proctor 19783 (N); Stearn 976 S). e\, \\ neo PHYTOLOGIA Designed to expedite botanical publication Vol. 17 September, 1968 No. 3 CONTENTS SEP 24 1968 NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDE MYINT, T., & WARD, D. B., A taxonomic revision Bear the genus ee She valudlacoue): tA a en : nf rg NE eed A | MOLDENKE, H.N., Additional notes on the genus Vitex. X. . . . . 240 WUNDERLIN, R. P., A note on Bauhinia hagenbeckii Harms. . . . . 245 MOURA, C. A. F. de, A new species of Sp ee Aublet (Turneraceae) une Maio Grosso; Brazgl. sh ob. Stites «Ae in teen ENE eme i te Mee gt Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 303 Parkside Road Plainfield, New Jersey 07060 U.S.A. Price of this number, $2; per volume, $6.75, in advance, or $7 at close of volume Po yee | y 2 7s... be le: Po tw 7 ae a ~ >» 4 “- " me Da * A TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE GENUS BONAMIA (CONVOLVULACEAE) Tin Myint and Daniel B. Ward 1 Table of Contents Page fin Puatver Cures. eal. Ose ae aerr rn a Dates dale tg, LES MeO GyMAUS War Gla) as ails) es ne ~ = =—= ; + A +} PRP Sis ah 4 -4 Papa em te. = - - ~z — ~~ ed ~ =~ ots a ~ Ah ae < = Se