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SP Pat ’ — ae . ag MW .~ =~ Se oh -~ MO a —~ —— — PL iL Mints nal “ < “~ — tia = Pm Alt — ra - - mane t - i a Pe oO - oe A Aa ata an noon —— : == == 7 , 7 : = = = = vartutie Mt — - ~ > oo —— a 2 we “ —_ — a - ~ - ~ ee 7 on = = = Soe a — _ - ge. _ Ant re — e ~ee ota Ae Pe eta a —s ~ S rie ~n ~_— — ; : a er ars ta . ~ =e : - - . ~ oe : ~ = : te oo | = : a : > * = ~~ ~> — = A - - — an —_ | : ——— - . = - ——_ Ss ; = —— rtm ee ~s | | = — tayo ~- = o “ = = = ~= ren = : : | “ o tne | _ mtn ~ anette . , a ‘ ' i wt | 4 na | { 4 | Wiatt rivet ae 1 ei Fy 2AM Dial ‘ mL LP | a” | i i 7 . M$ gta ‘a, iy ‘oo '} ‘4 er ‘ae he i an Bhs an ity ay - ‘ “ie oe De ae JOrh ie an owe | Se = — < = a) y 4s - ~~ ™ nd aah 7 f 36 - PHYTOLOGIA Designed to expedite botanical publication Vol. 36 June 1977 No. 1 CONTENTS KRUKOFF, B. A., Notes on the species of Erythrina. IX. ............ ] KRUKOFF, B. A., Supplementary notes on American Menispermaceae. XII. Neotropical Triclisieae and Anomospermeae .......... 12 KRUKOFF, B. A., Supplementary notes on the American species of PERG RY a a, 02-0 fh Poa te, a Din be TR ae he ED a TURNER, B. L., A new species of Bidens (Asteraceae) from Brazil...... 23 MAGUIRE, B., Clusia section Cochlanthera—again ...............4.. 25 MOLDENKE, H.N., A Fifth Summary of the Verbenaceae, Avicenniaceae, Stilbaceae, Dicrastylidaceae, Symphoremaceae, Nyctanthaceae, and Eriocaulaceae of the world as to valid taxa, geographic distribution, and synonymy. Supplement 7 ............4. 28 MOLDENKE, H.N., Notes on new and noteworthy PHAMES. CPAs 0 n8s acs 49 MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the Eriocaulaceae. LXXI....... 54 A, Lk BOOK FOVECWS, 5. elehe Ui Doe eae ake deie ik Sin pate he woe 86 Published by Harold N. Maldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 303 Parkside Road Plainfield, New Jersey 07060 U.S.A. Price of this number $2.50; per volume, $9.75 in advance or $10.5Q-after close of the volume; 75 cents extra to all foreign addresses; 512 pages constitute a volume. NOTES ON THE SPECIES OF ERYTHRINA. IX. By “Avs Krukore‘?? Contents Introduction. . « « ° See a: ete a es Discussion of apentes (H- 108) bane ‘of Aybetas a atts abet ele secretes Bibliography (supplement) . . . . « «© «+ «+ «+ «2 e+ «© « » LO Introduction Eight papers covering the morphology, distribution, chromo- somes, palynology, alkaloids, and amino acids of Erythrina were published in the September and December 1974 issues of Lloydia. A supplement to the symposium is planned for publication, also in Lloydia, sometime in 1977. I have written a brief paper for this supplement to the symposium, but this present paper includes information which is best published separately. Four hundred eighty-nine new collections were examined in connection with the preparation of these two papers. For a list of species reduced to synonymy, extensions of ranges, etc., see my paper which is to be published in the supplement to the symposium. 1. Erythrina fusca Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 427. 1790. I have seen the following collections from the New World: Belize: L. Dieckman 196 (MO) . Panama: Coldén: R. L. Wilbur 11169 (MO). Venezuela: Mérida: Luis Rufz Ter4an 493 (MO). Colombia: Chocé: Al. Gentry 9286; Cundinamarca: E. Forero et al. 417. Ecuador: Guayas: L. Holm-Nielsen et al. 7238 (AAU). Surinam: Landsbosh 136 (MO). Brazil: Amazonas: Prance et al. 23520; Bento S. Pena s.n. (March 21, 1975) (MO). The following collections from the Old World were available: Tonga: M. Hotta 5105 (TI), 5466 (TI). Two other collections from Guayas, Ecuador, were examined but are not cited here. 1 ( PeoneuT et ng Botanist of Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey, and Honorary Curator of the New York Botanical Garden. i 2 Pony TO 1, 0 Gk Vol. 36, now 1 2. Erythrina crista-galli L. Mant. 99. 1767. Argentina: Buenos Aires: 0. Boelcke et al. 14406 (MO). Paraguay: Jim Conrad 2191. Two other collections, one from Brazil (Parana) and the other from Argentina (Corrientes) were examined but are not cited here; also one from Belize, from cult. plant. 3. Erythrina falcata Bentham in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15(1): 172. 1859. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro: G. Pabst 7369; Santa Catarina: L. B. Smith et al. 12800 (MO). One collection from Brazil (Rio de Janeiro) was examined but is not cited here. 4. Erythrina dominguezii Hassler, Physis 6: 123. 1922. Argentina: Jujuy: A. Krapovickas et al. 26580 (MO). 5. Erythrina ulei Harms, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 48: 172. 1907. Ecuador: Zamora Chinchipe: Elbert L. Little et al. 275. Peru: Cuzco: C. Vargas C. 15537 (MO). This is the first record of this species from Zamora Chinchipe. 6. Erythrina verna Velloso, Fl. Flum. 304. 1825. One collection from Brazil (Rio de Janeiro) was examined but is not cited here. 7. Erythrina poeppigiana (Walpers) O. F. Cook, Bull. U. S. Dept Act. bot. 252) 5/7. 190. Venezuela: Mérida: Luis Ruiz Terdn 494 (MO). Colombia: Chocé: Rio Tolo, alt. 50 m, E. Forero et al. 1021. Ecuador: Morona Santiago: Elbert L. Little et al. 366. Peru: San Martin: Schunke 8231. This is the first record of this species from Chocé and Morona Santiago. The collector states on the label of Chocé . . ¢ specimen: "arbol muy comin en toda el region." Two collections, one from Ecuador (Esmeralda) and the other from Bolivia (Bent) were examined but are not cited here. 1977 Krukoff, Notes on Erythrina 8. Erythrina suberosa Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 3: 253. 1832. Four collections from NW India were examined but are not cited here. 10. Erythrina stricta Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 3: 251. 1832. Thailand: C. F. van Beusekom 421 (AAU). 12. Erythrina arborescens Roxburgh, Pl. Coromandel 3: 14, pl. 219. L819. China: Sikang: C. Y. Chiao 1772 (S). India: Darjeeling, alt. + 2200 m, H. Ohashi et al. s.n./1972. 13. Erythrina subumbrans (Hasskarl) Merrill, Philipp. Jour. Sci. Bote ae ol1S | 19107 India:. G. Thanikaimoni 1191 (PO); Mysore: C. J. Saldanha 2182 (MO), 15834 (MO), 16454 (MO). Ceylon: Kostermans 25272 (AAU), 25327 (AAU), Kokawa & Hotta 5206 (AAU). Philippines: Quezon: Justo P. Rojo 71 (MO). Seven collections deposited at S were examined but are not cited here. They are from the Philippines, Sumatra, Java, and Celebes. 14. Erythrina breviflora Alph. DeCandolle, Prodr. 2: 413. 1825. México: Jalisco: 12 km NW of Los Volcanos, alt. 1900 m, Breedlove 35846. 15. Erythrina edulis Triana, M. Micheli, Jour. de Bot. 6: 145. 1892. Ecuador: Cotopaxi: L. Holm-Nielsen 1140 (AAU); Tungurahua: L. Holm-Nielsen et al. 241 (AAU), 278 (AAU); Los Rios: Al. Gentry 9650 (S);-Loja: A. Paredes 108 (MO); Napo: Al. Gent 12407; Morona Santiago: Alberto T. Ortega U. 207. Peru: Huanuco: J. Schunke 8313. This is the first record of this species from Morona Santiago. Four collections from Ecuador (Pichincha, Loja and Napo) were examined but are not cited here. 18, Erythrina schimpffii Diels, Bibl. Bot. 116: 96. 1937. Ecuador: El Oro: alt. + 360 m, Plowman 3457 (ECON). h PeHiys TH OnLO) Gieirk! Vol. 36, no. 1 19. Erythrina montana Rose & Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. AVS 6 Isle). México: Durango: alt. + 2200 m, Davidse 10023. 22a. Erythrina herbacea L. subsp. herbacea. Erythrina herbacea the Bip6 Ii 70a iU//Ss) sens, Biss U. S. A.: Georgia: Rick Volosen s.n. (Apr. 12, 1970) (MO); Mississippi: Fleet N. Lee 30 (MO). Texas: D. S. Correll 23431. 22b. Erythrina herbacea L. subsp. nigrorosea Krukoff & Barneby Phytologia 25(1): 6. 1972. México: Jalisco: C. Johnson 1973/325 (MO). 28b. Erythrina lanata Rose subsp. occidentalis (Standley) Krukoff & Barneby, Phytologia 27: 117. 1973. México: Jalisco: L. A. Perez 360. 29. Erythrina goldmanii Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 18. 1919. México: Chiapas: D. E. Breedlove 20397 (MO), 20593 (Cintalapa, alt. + 1000 m), 36747 (Cintalapa, alt. + 900 m), 23492 and 30362 (Ocozocoautla de | de Espinosa, alt. 800-1000 m), 23561 (Tuxtla Gutiérrez, alt. 530 m), 23748 (Tonal4, alt. +)/60i)m), 26917 and 36829 (Arriaga, alt. + 250 m), 23838 (MO) (Chiapa de Corzo), 37639 (Villa Corzo, alt. + 900 m), 386. 38655 (Angel Albino Corzo, alt. + 900 m). The above-cited and previous collections of D. E. Breedlove from the State of Chiapas cover practically all municipalities in this State. 30. Erythrina caribaea Krukoff & Barneby, Phytologia 25: 9. 1972. México: Chiapas: mun. Ocozocoautla, alt. + 700 m, lower montane rain forest, Breedlove 38698; mun. Ocosingo, alt. + 300 m, tropical rain forest, Breedlove 33907. 31. Erythrina folkersii Krukoff & Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 286. 1938. México: Chiapas: Las Margaritas, alt. + 300 m, Breedlove et_al. 34268. Belize: J. Dwyer et al. 88 (MO), 12121 (MO), 12507 (MO), 12714 (MO). 1977 Krukoff, Notes on Erythrina 5 36. Erythrina chiapasana Krukoff, Brittonia 3: 304. 1939. México: Chiapas: Las Margaritas, alt. + 1700 m, Breedlove 33398. Berlin, Breedlove, and Raven (Principles of Tzeltal Plant Classification, p. 14, 1973) state that this species is common in Pine-Oak-Liquidambar Forest in mun. Tenejapa, Chiapas. 41. Erythrina chiriquensis Krukoff in Brittonia Be *2275 -19359., Panama: Croat 15639; Chiriqui: E. A. Lao 354 (MO) (alt. + 2000 m). 45. Erythrina steyermarkii Krukoff & Barneby, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 20(2): 175. 1970. Costa Rica: Cartago: along road from Turrialba to Moravia de Chirripo, Burger, W. et al. 10032. 49, Erythrina lanceolata Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17: 432. 1914. Costa Rica: Alajuela: alt. +500 m, W. Burger et al. 10020. 50. Erythrina costaricensis M. Micheli, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2:445. 1894, Panama: J. A. Duke 14503; Cocle: Croat 26126 (MO); Canal Zone: Croat 8667 (MO), Al. Gentry et al. 8657 (MO), Mireya D. Correa A. 484 (MO); Colén: Davidse et al. 10068 (MO); San Blas: Duke 14857. Colombia: Choco: Rio Tolo, Forero et al. 973; Antioquia: Al. Gentry 9222 (MO). This is the first record of this species from San Blas. 52. Erythrina americana Miller, Gard. Dict. ed. 8, No. 5. 1768. México: Veracruz: Orizaba, M. Souza 4438; Chiapas: mun. Bochil, along road to Simojovel, alt. 1250 m. This is the first record of this species from the State of Chiapas. 53. Erythrina berteroana Urban, Symb. Ant. 5: 370. 1908. Panama: Cocle: El Valle de Antén, M..Nee 9219; Canal Zone: Al. Gentry 8629 (MO), 8746 (MO); Colon: Davidse 10068 (MO). This is the first record of this species from Colén. 6 P Haye Ort) OG sick Vol. 36, no. 1 54. Erythrina rubrinervia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 434. 1824. Colombia: Cundinamarca: E. Forero 300 (AAU). 58. Erythrina gibbosa Cufodontis, Arch. Bot. Sist. Fitog. & Genet. 10: 34. 1934. Panama: Cocle: Duke 13232; Veraguas: Mori & Kallunki 2537. 61. Erythrina peruviana Krukoff, Brittonia 3: 262. 1939. Ecuador: Zamora Chinchipe, alt. + 1000 m, Elbert L. Little et al. 276. This is the first record of this species from Zamora Chinchipe. 62. Erythrina mitis Jacquin, Hort. Schoenb. 2: 47. 1797. Venezuela: Gentry et al. 14823; Miranda: Davidse 4114 (MO). 64a. Erythrina corallodendrum L. var. corallodendrum Erythrina corallodendrum L. Sp. Pl. 706. 1763. Jamaica: St. Ann, Dulcie Powell 979 (MO). 70. Erythrina oliviae Krukoff, Phytologia 19(3): 128. 1969. México: Puebla: km 230-231 of the México-Oaxaca highway, bank of dry stream, J. Mejicanos 1977/1 (Feb. 16, 1977), 1977/2. These two collections were made from the same two trees from which the type and all other collections of this species were made. The trees were leafless (the leaves fell in December) and had mature fruits. 71. Erythrina caffra Thunberg, Prodr. Pl. Cap. 121. 1800. Eight collections from South Africa (Natal) were examined but are not cited here. For illustration of this species, see: Palmer, E. & Pitman, N. Trees of South Africa 2: 955-957. 1972, and Killick, Fl; Pl. of Africa 43 (3--4): t. 1709, 1710. 1976. 72. Erythrina lysistemon Hutchinson, Kew Bull. 1933: 422. 1933. Tanzania: C, F. Paget-Wilkes 211 (MO). South Africa: near Port St. John, R. D. A. Bayliss 7046 (MO). 1977 Krukoff, Notes on Erythrina 7 Eleven collections from South Africa, S. Rhodesia, Tanzania, and from plants in cultivation in Australia (Brisbane) and Hong Kong were examined but are not cited here. For iisitustration of this species, see: Palmer E. & Pitman, N. Trees of South Africa 2: 957-959. 1972. 73. Erythrina humeana Sprengel, oyst. 3: 243. 1826. Six specimens from South Africa (Cape Province and Transvaal) were examined but are not cited here. For illustration of this species, see: Palmer, E. & Pitman, N. Trees of South Africa 2: 961-962. 1972. 74. Erythrina zeyheri Harvey, Fl. Cap. 2: 236. 1862. Three collections of this species from South Africa (Transvaal) were examined but are not cited here. 75. Erythrina acanthocarpa E. Meyer, Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. i) U5), L836¢ Six collections from South Africa (Cave Province) were examined but are not cited here. 77. Erythrina brucei Schweinfurth, Verhand. Zoo.-Bot. Gesell. Wien 18: 653. 1868. et auct. plur., pro majore parte, leguminibus seminibusque exceptis; emend. Gillett, Kew Bull. 15: 428. 1962. Two collections from Ethiopia, collected at altitudes of + 2250 m and 2800 m, were examined but are not cited here. 79. Erythrina senegalensis Alph. DeCandolle, Prodr. 2: 413. 1825. Guinée: Jacques-Georges 5348. Nigeria: western state, Roy C. Brown 921 (MO). Three collections from Senegal and Sierra Leone were examined but are not cited here. 81. Erythrina mildbraedii Harms in Mildpr. Deutsch. Zentr.-Afr. Exp. 190//1908, 2: 264, tab. 30. 1911. Nigeria: Ibadan Div., F. N. Hepper 2290 (S). 85. Erythrina decora Harms in Engl. Jahrb. 49: 441. 1913. South West Africa: Hakasgabirga, E. Busch 7957 (S). 8 P HexeTiOuL: One Tee Vol. 36, no. 1 For illustration of this species, see: Palmer, E. & Pitman, N. inees sof South Africa) 299522) 1972) 88. Erythrina addisoniae Hutchinson & Dalziel, Kew Bull. 1929; fo US)2). Guinée: Jacques-Georges 4745 (MO), 5523 (MO). 89. Erythrina droogmansiana DeWildeman & Th. Durand, Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg. 40: 19. 1901. Zaire: Orientale: J. Louis 9464 (S). For the occurrence of this species in Uganda, see the paper by B. Verdcourt & T. J. Synnott in Kew Bulletin 30(3): 471-473. ID7/Dc 91. Erythrina sacleuxii Hua, Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris n.s. 1: 54. 1898. Kenya: Kwale Dist., P. J. Greenway 9646 (S). Tanzania: Bezirk Lindi, H. J. Schlieben 5634 (S), 6193 (S). 93. Erythrina sigmoidea Hua, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. 3: 327. 1897. Nigeria: Latilo et al. 69374 (MO). 94, Erythrina latissima E. Meyer, Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. l: 151. 1836. Four collections from Rhodesia and South Africa (Natal) were examined but are not cited here. For illustrations of this species, see Killick, Fl. Pl. of Africa 43(3-4): t. 1709, 1710. 1976, also Palmer, E. & Pitman, N., Trees of South Africa 2: 959-961. 1972. 95. Erythrina abyssinica Lamarck, Encycl. Bot. 2: 392. 1788; DC ProdwaZ ye slomelo25e Ruanda; P. Auquier 2652 (MO). Tanzania: G. W. Frame 529 (MO), C. F. Paget-Wilkes 210 (MO). Malawi: Jean Pawek 6347 (MO), 7748 (MO). Rhodesia: Adele Lewis Grant s.n. (July 1928) (MO). Twenty-three collections from Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, S. Rhodesia, and Angola were examined but are not cited here. 1977 Krukoff, Notes on Erythrina 9 96. Erythrina variegata L. Herb. Amboin. 10. 1754; Amoen. Acad. Ge 122. LS. India: G. Thanikaimoni 1181 (Pondichery). Taiwan. C. Owatari s.n. (March 1, 1898) (TI), L. Sasaki s.n. (Sept. 8, 1965 (TI). Ryukyu Islands: R, J. Alvis 73 (TI). Okinawa Islands: S. Hatusima 17497 (TI). Jaluit Islands: G. Koidzumi s.n. (Jan. 1915) (TL). Palau: T. Tuyama s.n. (Aug. 28, 1939) (TI). Seven collections from Java, Celebes, Solomon Islands, and Fiji were examined but are not cited here; also three collections from Virgin Islands (St. Croix and Tortola) which are from cultivated plants. 102. Erythrina velutina Willdenow, Gest. Nat. Freunde Berlin Neue Schr. 3: 426. 1801. Venezuela: Anzodtegui: Luis Rufz Terdn 350 (MO). Ecuador: Manabi: C. A. Dodson & L. B. Thien 1009, Al. Gentry 12204; Guayas: Al. Gentry 10077; Galapagos Islands: F, R, Fosberg 44917 (MO), 44944 (MO). Peru: Plowman 5437 (Tumbes, alt. + 550 m). 104. Erythrina burttii Baker f., Jour. Bot. 70: 254. 1932. Kenya: Kajiado Dist.: Greenway 9579 (S). 105. Erythrina burana R. Chiovenda, Att. R. Accad. Ital., Mem. Se., Fis. Mat. & Nat. Ll: 27. 1940. Ethiopia: Harar: students of Imper. Ethiop. College of Agr. & Mech. Arts s.n. (S). The collectors state that this species is very common in Harar and is planted on campus. 106. Erythrina perrieri R. Viguier, Not. Syst. 14: 175. 1952. Mauritius: Ile aux Cerfs, D. Lorence 7 (1975) (MO). The collector states on the label: "flowers scarlet, occasional locally." This is the first record of this species from Mauritius. Hybrids 1. Erythrina x bidwillii Lindley, Bot. Reg. 33: pl. 9. 1849. Japan: Tokyo, Shinjiku-gyon, M. Togashi s.n. (July 6, 1968) CTE)) Ceult.))'. 10 7. Pah YT OlL,O Gated Vol. 36, no. 1 Erythrina x sykesii Barneby & Krukoff, Lloydia 37: 447. 1974. Western Australia: Perth: Univ. Campus, David Ladd s.n. (June 9, 1970) (MO). The collector states on the label: ''common Perth street tree." Bibliography (In order to conserve space, we are citing here only the papers which are not cited in Supplements III-VIII.) Ls Barton, Derek H. R. et al. Phenol oxidation and biosyn- thesis, Part XXII. The alkaloids of E. lysistemon, E. abyssinica, E. poeppigiana, E. fusca, and E. subumbramns (as "E. lithosperma Blume"), J. Chem. Soc. (C.) 652-654. 1971. Bhakuni, D. S. & N. M. Khanna. Chemical examination of the bark of Erythrina variegata (as "indica Lam."). J. Sci. Ind. Res oecteb) USrNa GA 959% Bocquet, G. & J. O. Derron. Les Erythrina de la République de Sao Tomé et Prfncipe. Ber. Schweiz. Bot. Ges. 85(4): 298-302. 1975. Chopra, R. N., S. Ghosh & B. N. Sen. Some common indigenous remedies--Erythrina variegata (as "indica"). Indian J. Med. Rese22s 205i L994 Ghosal, S., S. K. Dutta & S. K. Bhattacharya. Erythrina-- Chemical and pharmacological evaluation II: Alkaloids of Erythrina variegata L. J. Pharm. Sci. 61: 1274. 1972. Krukoff, B. A. Notes on the species of Erythrina. VIII. Phytologia 33: 342-355. 19/6. Letcher, R. M. Alkaloids of Erythrina lysistemon. 11-- Methoxyerythraline, a new alkaloid. J. Chem. Soc. (C.) 65261971. Singh, H. & A. S. Chawla. Isolation of erysodine, eryso- trine and hypaphorine from Erythrina suberosa Roxb. seeds. Experientia 25: /85. 1969. Singh, H., A. S. Chawla, J. W. Rowe & J. K. Toda. Waxes and sterols of Erythrina suberosa bark. Phytochemistry 9: 1673. 1970. iSTT 10. ll. 12. 13% 14. a Ks Krukoff, Notes on Erythrina eh Singh, H. & A. S. Chawla. Chemical constituents of Erythrina suberosa Roxb. seeds. J. Pharm. Sci. 59: 1179. 1970. Singh, H. & A. S. Chawla. Study of the chemical constituents of seeds of Erythrina variegata (as E. variegata var. orien- falis'). Planta Med. 19: 71. 1970. Singh, H. & A. S. Chawla. Study of Erythrina suberosa leaves. Planta Med. 19: 378. 1971. Singh, H., A. S. Chawla, A. K. Jindal, M. R. Subbaram & K. T. Achaya. Seed oils of Erythrina arborescens and E. stricta. Tndian’ J. Technol. l0:5115,01972. Singh, H. et al. Investigation of Erythrina spp. VII. Chemical constituents of Erythrina variegata (as "E. vari- egata var. orientalis"). Lloydia 38: 97-100. 1975. Gustafson, R. Erythrina in Southern California. Hortulus Aliquando 1: 5-11. 1975-6. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ON AMERICAN MENISPERMACEAE, XII. NEOTROPICAL TRICLISIEAE AND ANOMOS PERMEAE Bios Krukore$)? Contents Tntroductione ae Moles eee ccs epee! Se 6) ees: SOME. kee Discussion of species of Chondrodendron . ... ..-..-. «= d3 i um M WI Geena G 5 5.6 oO 0 OD & 6 0 6 6 o 23! SeLadotentiaty wey 1) «col (oll ots) ete mnrome less diG@iiteoaketns 5 6 6.0 6.50.0 5 ¢ co o dls 1" us Wu W wAbutat ian.” Sennen . pease Anomospermum.. < . 2 2 © « © sce tvemeo Orthonenésri. aceite Aol alee Elephantomene’.. , Xe BOt« Gard. 2202) 475. 97 Brazil: Para: Estrada Transamaz6nica entre Estreito e Maraba, B. G. S. Ribeiro & Pinheiro 1299; Rond6nia: margem do Rio Machado, M. R. Cordeiro 531. 5£. Anomospermum reticulatum (Martius) Eichler ssp. venezuelense Krukoff & Barneby, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 22(2): 76. 1971. Venezuela: Mérida: alt. + 500 m, A. L. Bernardi 3841 (MO). 7. Anomospermum matogrossense Krukoff & Barneby, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. ‘20: 33. 1970. Brazil: Para: Alto Tapajos, Rio Cururt, 1-10 km upriver from village Pratatf, varzea, edge of river at flood level, W. R. Anderson 10861 (NY,-IAN); Rond@nia: margem do Rio Urupa, M. R ra Cordeiro 563. Anderson's specimen was erroneously cited as "Orthomene schomburgkii" in Suppl. XI (Phytologia 33: 335. 1976), also in List of Exsiccatae (p. 337). IX. Orthomene Barneby & Krukoff, Mem. Nit Y,..Bot<*Gard.<22@2)& 79.4 197k. 1. Orthomene schomburgkii (Miers) Barneby & Krukoff, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 22(2): 80. 1971. Surinam: Maguire 55429. Brazil: Amazonas: basin of Rio Negro, L. R. Marinho 384. Peru: Loreto: Maynas, Al. Gentry et al. 15863. X. Elephantomene Barneby & Krukoff, Lloydia 37: 27. 1974. 1. Elephantomene eburnea Barneby & Krukoff, Lloydia 37: 28. 1974. 16 PHY TeONLcO Gad A Vol. 36, no. 1 Guyane: Cayenne: Satil, plateau "La Douane," for@t dense (parcelle Orstom), J.-J. de Granville 2704. DeGranville reports: "liane énorme, de 25 cm de diam &4 la base, épanouie dans la voute a 40-50-métres de haut." This is the second collection of this species. Bibliography (In order to conserve space, I am citing only the papers which are not cited in Supplements VII-XI.) 1. Cava, Michael P., et al. Krukovine, a new bisbenzyliso- quinoline alkaloid from Abuta splendida Krukoff & Moldenke. Jour. Org. Chem. 41: 317-319. 1975. 2. Cava, Michael P., et al. Sciadenine, a new bisbenzyliso- quinoline alkaloid from Sciadotenia toxifera. Heterocycles 4: 471-474. 1976. 3. Cava, Michael P., et al. Grisabine and grisabutine, new bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids from Abuta grisebachii. To be published in Jour. Org. Chem. in May 1977. 4. Krukoff, B. A. Supplementary notes on American Menisper- maceae XI. Neotropical Triclisiae and Anomospermeae. Phytologia 33: 323-341. 1976. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ON THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF STRYCHNOS. XV. B. A. Krukore®™ Contents PPE ROGUCELON 6:45:45) 6. ish is) ie se fie! 6) 6 ulelseh ela (tel cel) ©) emis) a Li Discussion of spp. of sect. Strychnos GEOU=38)) curse cit seuseh LC . ORNL ak Rouhamon CESAR an on ster cer ed: LL nose 4 a, Breviflorae (F49=71)is0 . a: aye, o21 Bibliography. ... Dado, 7 atooptenls Keioe Introduction Since the previous paper in this series was submitted for publication in 1976, 75 new collections were examined. The newly examined collections added to our knowledge of several species, and extensions of range were noted for ten. The extensions of S. nigricans to the well-collected State of Parana, Brazil, and of S. poeppigii to Panama, Panama, are most interesting. No new species were described. It was particularly interesting to see fruits (unfortunately, not completely mature) of S. tabascana for the first time. The shells of these fruits are thicker than those of the closely related S. pamamensis. The corolla of S. tabascana is pubescent externally, whereas that of S. panamensis is glabrous. The chemical work of Professor Marini-Bettolo and his associates is continuing, as may be seen from the bibliography. In a previous paper, I mentioned the very timely and inter- esting contributions made by Dr. Ghillean T. Prance concerning the botanical ingredients of Curare as prepared by four Indian tribes. Three species of Strychnos were identified previously: S. bredemeyeri used by Mayongong and Sanama Indians of Roraima, and S. cogens and S. solimoesana used by Jamamadi Indians of the basin of the Rio Purus. Other specimens, sterile and from com- paratively young plants, are still under study. Details on the preparation of Curare will be published elsewhere. S. peckii is reported by Alberto T. Ortega as an ingredient of Curare in Morona Santiago, Ecuador. 1 ( fesssaivine Botanist of Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey, and Honorary Curator of New York Botanical Garden. 17 18 PHY TO LOGiA Vol. 36, no. 1 6. Strychnos rondeletioides Spruce ex Bentham, Jour. Linn. Sock Hl lOA e856. Venezuela: Amazonas: Paul E. Berry 638. Brazil: Amazonas: basin of Rio Purus, Prance et al. P21206, P21207, P3403. Peru: Loreto: Juan Revilla 174, Al. Gentry et al. 16677, s.n. (Jan. 1976). Specimens from the basin of the Rio Purus are from plants which are used as a fish poison by Paumari Indians. Their name for this plant is "Jadadakaikapihai." 10. Strychnos brachiata Ruiz & Pavon, Fl. Per. 2: 30. 1799. Colombia: Boyaca: C. Sastre 766. Peru: San Martfn: Mariscal Caceres, Tocache Nuevo, J. Schunke 2310. This is the first record of this species from Boyaca. 11. Strychnos trinervis (Velloso) Martius, Syst. Mat. Med. Bras. 121. 1843. Brazil: Minas Gerais: Serra de Cipéd, JBR 114491 (MO); Guanabara: JBR 109209; Parana: mun. Antonina, Hatschbach 33409. 12. Strychnos panamensis Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald, 166. 1854. Mexico: Chiapas: Mapastepec, alt. + 180 m, Breedlove & Thorne 30708. Panama: Chiriqui: Croat 21935 (MO); Canal Zone: Croat 10097. Venezuela: Zulia: F. D. Chitti & Benkowski 3146. Colombia: Chocdé: Al. Gentry 9430. 13. Strychnos tabascana Sprague & Sandwith, Kew Bull. 1927: 128. LS) 227) Mexico: Chiapas: mun. La Trinitaria, alt. + 1300 n, montane rain forest, Breedlove 38882; mun. Las Margaritas, alt. + 350 m, tropical rain forest, Breedlove 33158. Breedlove 38882 is a very valuable specimen, as it is the first specimen seen with immature fruits. The shells of these fruits are thicker than those of S. panamansis. 18. Strychnos medeola Sagot ex Progel in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6(1): 282. 1868. Brazil: Parad: Nilo T. Silva 3352 (IAN). 1977 Krukoff, Notes on Strychnos 19 19. Strychnos toxifera Robert Schomburgk ex Bentham, Jour. Bot. Hook. 3: 240. 1841. Guyana: Kanuku Mtns., R. Goodland & Maycock 461. Colombia: Chocé: Al. Gentry & Aguirre 15196 (MO). Brazil: Manaus: Prance et al. 23569. These are the first records of this species from Chocé as well as from the lower Rio Negro. 21. Strychnos diaboli Sandwith, Kew Bull. 1931: 486. 1931. Venezuela: Amazonas: San Carlos de Rio Negro, Paul E. Berry 1544. This is the first record of this species from Venezuela. 23. Strychnos sandwithiana Krukoff & Barneby, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 20(1): 36. 1969. Peru: San Martin: Mariscal Caceres, Tocache Nuevo, J. Schunke 43, 56. This is the first record of this species from Peru. 24, Strychnos jobertiana Baillon, Adansonia. 12: 367. 1879. Venezuela: Amazonas: San Carlos de Rio Negro, Paul E. Berry 1405, 1447. Brazil: Amazonas: Manaus-Itacoatiara road, km 13, W. Rodrigues & A. Loureiro 9519. 25. Strychnos pseudo-qguina A. St. Hilaire, Mém. Mus. Paris 92 S400 18226 Brazil: Mato Grosso: Cuiaba, Hatschbach 34010, 36072; Minas Gerais: J.B.R. 130177 (MO); Sao Paulo: Oswaldo Handro 439 (S). 28. Strychnos solimoesana Krukoff, Brittonia 4: 280. 1942. Brazil: Amazonas: basin of Rio Purus, Prance et al. P21254; Manaus-Porto Velho road, Prance et al. 22884. Prance et al. P21254 is an ingredient of Jamamadi arrow poison and Prance 22884 is the first record of this species from the basin of the Rio Negro. 31. Strychnos peckii B. L. Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 504. 112 fe 20 P RY D 0ah OG Tk Vol. 36, now 1 Peru: San Martin: Mariscal Caceres, Tocache Nuevo, J. Schunke 39, 42. Ecuador: Morona Santiago, alt. + 300 m, Alberto T. Ortega U. 401. Ortega's label reads: '"usado para envenenar las flechas," Schunke's specimens are the first record of this species from San Martin. 32. Strychnos erichsonii Richard Schomburgk, Reisen 3) 10825 1848. nomen: ex Progel in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6(1): 274. 1868. Surinam: J. C, Lindeman 522 (SW plateau covered by ferro- bauxite, 550-710 m alt.), LBB 15301 (dist. Para). French Guiana: Maroni River, Sastre & Moretti 4024. Brazil: Amazonas: Prance 24541 (basin of Rio Iga, + 5 km above mouth), Mori & Prance 9121, 9126 | (Rio Jandiatuba, + 10 km downstream from Sao Paulo de Olivenca). Pert: lower Anpiyacu, north of Rio Maranon, Prance 24699. The two collections from Rio Jandiatuba are from white-water varzea forest, both collected on February 26 in flower. They are the best collections I have ever seen in flower; I refer particu- larly to the well-preserved creamy-yellow papillose corolla tubes. 32a. Strychnos croatii Krukoff & Barneby. Panama: Panama: Croat s.n. (transect. #114). 35. Strychnos bredemeyeri (Schultes) Sprague & Sandwith, Kew Balls 19272) 8285) 1927. Venezuela: Amazonas: Paul E. Berry 1607. Brazil: Roraima: vicinity of Auaris, Prance et al. 21502. Prance writes on the label: "used as an ingredient of Mayongong and Sanama Curare." "Cumudua" or "Cumarua' (Mayongong Indian dialect), "Mogoli" (Sanama Indian dialect). 36a. Strychnos mitscherlichii Richard Schomburgk, Reisen 2: 451. 1848, var. mitscherlichii. Surinam: Lely Mts., SW plateau covered by ferrobauxite, 550-710 m, Lindeman et al. 234, 734. Brazil: Amazonas: Prance et_al. 23445 (near Manaus), 24426 C (Rio Solimoes, Ilha Jurupari and vicinity). Peru: San Martin, Mariscal Caceres, Tocache Nuevo, J. Schunke 40. 1977 Krukoff, Notes on Strychnos 21 37. Strychnos solerederi Gilg in Engler, Bot. Jahrb. 25 (Beibl. 60): 40. 1898. Peru: San Martin: Mariscal Caceres, Tocache Nuevo, J. Schunke 8144, 39. Strychnos guianensis (Aublet) Martius, Syst. Mart. Med. Bras. 121. 1843. Brazil: Amazonas: upper Rio Solimoes, Mori & Prance 9036 (Parana de Tonantins), 2206 (Igarapé Preto, near Belem). Peru: Loreto: Al. Gentry et al. 16675, Juan Revilla 172. 43. Strychnos panurensis Sprague & Sandwith, Kew Bull. 1927: ig2. 1927) Colombia: Chocdé: Duke 13331 (MO) (Rio Truando), 15800 (MO). Peru: San Martfn: Mariscal Caceres, Tocache Nuevo, J. Schunke 44. 47. Strychnos cogens Bentham, Jour. Bot. Hook, 3: 241. 1841. Brazil: Amazonas: basin of Rio Purus, Prance et al. 23438. This is the main ingredient of Jamamadi arrow poison; "Iha" (Jamamadi Indian dialect). This is the first record of this species from the basin of the Rio Purus. 48. Strychnos melinoniana Baillon, Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 256. 1880. Surinam: Lely Mountains, alt. + 650 m, Mori & Bolten 8493, 53. Strychnos fendleri Sprague & Sandwith, Kew Bull. 1927: 129. 1927. Marini-Bettolo and collaborators investigated the alkaloids found in this species (Gazzetta Chimica Italiana 106: 773-777. 1976). The stem bark was found to contain seven tertiary alka- loids. The structure of four of these is reported. 56. Strychnos parvifolia DC., Prodr. 9: 16. .1845. Brazil: Guanabara: JBR 114845. 59. Strychnos brasiliensis (Sprengel) Martius, Flora 24 (Beibl. Die Othe WLO4e 22 POY TxO:L0"G DA Vol. 36, no. 1 Brazil: Rio de Janeiro: JBR 141312 (MO), 141313 (MO); Guanabara: JBR 55680; Parana: Hatschbach S51 35s 5O256 63. Strychnos brachistantha Standley, Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 12: 412. 1936. Belize: Corozal: alt. + 33 m, Croat 24961. 64. Strychnos nigricans Progel in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6(1): 280. 1868. Brazil: Parana: Rio Putuna, Hatschbach 35591. This is the first record of this species from the State of Parana. 69. Strychnos poeppigii Progel in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6(1): 282. 1868. Panama: Panama: natural bridge along Madden Lake, Croat 12403. This is the first record of this species from Panama. 70. Strychnos tarapotensis Sprague & Sandw., Kew Bull. 1927: TSO 27 Peru: San Martin: T. Plowman & H. Kennedy 3812 (ECON), J. Schunke 8150 (Mariscal Caceres, Tocache Nuevo); Madre de Dios: Plowman & Davis 5067. This is the first record of this species from Madre de Dios. Bibliography (In order to conserve space, I am citing here only the papers which are not cited in Suppl. VII-XIV.) 7i. Krukoff, B. A. Supplementary notes on the American species of Strychnos. XIV. Phytologia 33: 305-322. 1976. 109r. Marini-Bettolo, G. B., et al. XXIX.’ New indole alkaloids from Strychnos fendleri Sprague & Sandwith. Gazzetta Chimica Italiana 106: 773-777. 1976, 109s. Marini-Bettolo, G. B., et al. Sul curaro Yanodma. Un nuevo tipo di curaro indigeno: "Curare di torrefazione e percolazione."’ Lincei. Rend. Sc. fis. mat. e nat. 38: 34-38. 1965. A new species of Bidens (Asteraceae) from Brazil B, L, Turner The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712 Field work in Brazil during 1974 with the entomologist, Dr. D. Otte of the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences, resulted in the discovery of the following species belonging to the Section Selvorngia. The section was previously thought to be monotypic with the single species B. graveolens Gard. Bidens goiana Turner, Sp. nov. Fig. 1 Herbae erectae ad 1 m altae caulibus debilibus, B. graveolens valde similes sed foliis minoribus planissime ellipticis, capitulis floribusque minoribus, floribus perspicue flavis. Erect weak-stemmed herb up to 1 m. tall. Much resembling B. graveolens but with smaller, more elliptic leaves, smaller heads and floral parts, and decidedly yellow flowers. Chromosome number, n = 22 pairs. HOLOTYPE (LL): Brazil. Goias. 40 km ENE of Brasilia. In burned- over, short, open forests. Sandy sterile soils. 5 Feb. 1974. B. L. Turner 9125. The species is found as a populational unit in the same region in which B. graveolens occurs. In addition to its smaller habit and more delicate, flexuous, inflorescence, B. goiana can be recognized by the dill-like smell of its crushed foliage and decidedly yellow flowers. The crushed foliage of B. graveolens has a lemon smell and the flowers are variously purplish- to brown-yellow. The chromosome number of Bidens goiana is tetraploid on a base of x = 11, while B. graveolens is tetraploid on a base of x = 12 (Turner, et al., in press), although it is possible that tetraploid populations ancestral to the latter gave rise to B. goiana by aneuploid loss at the higher level. I am grateful to M. C. Johnston for the Latin diagnosis. Supported, in part, by N. S. F. Grant 1013950. 23 2h PHY TO LOG ITA Vol. 36, no. 1 t= lekakem ST N Fig. 1. Habit sketch of Bidens goiana (X 1/2) CLUSIA SECTION COCHLANTHERA - - AGAIN Bassett Maguire The New York Botanical Garden % Twice I have reviewed the content of the section Cochlanthera (Choisy) Engler of the genus Clusia Linnaeus of the Clusiaceae, As the last paper (1977) was about to be released from the press, there came into my hands a small collection made in 1962 on the Cambridge Calima Valley Expedition of that year. Immediately thereafter a duplicate of the same collection came to me from the U, S, National Herbarium, It proved to represent still another, and undescribed, Clusia of the section Cochlanthera, It is necessary to place the new species on record, This is the eighth now known for the section, and the fifth apparently endemic to Colombia, having been collected there in the Pacific Department of Valle. The new plant is placed in the subsection Cochlanthera, its closest relative being Clusia centricupula Cuatrecasas, also of Valle, Colombia, Both species, amply distinct as shown by the key, are insufficiently known, our species only by the type and that of Cuatrecasas by only two collections. It is not known whether the two species are closely sympatric. Clusia calimae Maguire, sp nov Frutex vel arbor mediocris; ramulis plus minusve 4-angulatis, 4-costatis, internodiis 3-4 cm longis; foliis mediocribus, lami- nis subcoriaceis, obovatis, (4)6-8 cm longis, (2.5)3.0-4.5 cm latis, costa prominenti, venis lateralibus, prominulis, angulo 45° adscendentibus, apice late obtuso vel rotundato, basi acutius- cula, brevi-decurrenti; petiolis crassis, 4-8 mm longis, 5-8 mm latis, subamplectantibus; inflorescentia 12-15-flore, bracteis parvis; floribus masculinis: sepalis 9, duobus inferioribus jugis decussatis, late semiorbicularibus, ca 6 mm longis, 5 m latis, minute marginatis; superioribus imbricatis, subchartaceis, valde scarioso-marginatis, late semiorbicularibus, 10-12 m latis, 8- 10 mm longis; petalis 8, obovato-oblanceolatis, aliquantum pandu- riformibus, 14-16 m latis, 22-25 m longis; staminibus introrsis, paucis, 14-16, 2-seriatis, liberis vel minute ad basim connatis; annulo deficienti; filamentis 3-4 mm longis, ad basim 1,2-1.6 m latis; antheris 1.2-1.5 mm longis, valde recurvatis; staminodiis in massa centrali 6-8 mm diam, 4-5 mm alta; ovario deficienti; nec floribus foemineis nec fructibus visis. 25 26 PHYTO 10 OT & Vol. 36, now 1 Type. Shrub 12-15 ft, in hedge, pink flowers and buds, edge of thick forest, near Las Delicias, at 5000 ft alt, NW of Restrepo, Valle, Colombia, 1 Aug 1962, J, W. Robinson 201 (holotype K). Distribution, COLOMBIA. Valle: shrub 12-15 ft, in hedge, pink flowers and buds, edge of thick forest near Las Delicias, NW of Restrepo, 5000 ft alt, 1 Aug 1962, Robinson 201 (holotype K, iso- type US, fragment NY). Clusia calimae would be placed in the key (Maguire, 1977, p 133) immediately after C, centricupula in the following manner: 1, Receptacle of o& flowers shallowly discoid, forming a glutinous mass in the center of the dise (subsect Cochlanthera). 2. Stamens fewer than 50, 3. Leaf petiole slender, not winged; coastal mountains of Venezuela, 1. Clusia cochlanthera Vesque, 3. Leaf petiole broadly winged, 1.0-1.5 cm long; Pacific Colombia. 4. Stamens ca 35, 3-cyclic; leaf blades broadly elliptic or elliptic-obovate, 4-7 mm broad, 10-15 cm long, the apex acute or acutish, 2, Clusia centricupula Cuatrecasas. . Stamens 14-16, unicyclic; leaf blades obovate, 3.0-4.5 cm broad, 6-8 mm long, the apex broadly rounded, 3. Clusia calimae Maguire. 2, Stamens + 100, 4, Clusia lunanthera Maguire. 5. Clusia cochlitheca Maguire, 1. Receptacle of o flowers provided with a prominent coroniform androphore (subsect Orthoneura), . Clusia orthoneura Standley. 7. Clusia celiae Maguire, 8, Clusia cochliformis Maguire, “Maguire, B. Mem, N. Y, Bot. Gard, 10(1): 58-61, 1958, Maguire, B. Caldasia 11(55): 129-146, 1977. 1977 Maguire, Clusia section Cochlanthera 27 Clusia cochlanthera Vesque Dr. Steyermark has obtained a fine suite of flowering material from the type locality of Clusia cochlanthera, the second and apparently only specimen so obtained since the original col- lections made some 125 years ago, These new materials now permit confirmation of my interpretation and circumscription made in the earlier papers. VENEZUELA, Estado Carabobo: staminate epiphytic tree, leaves coriaceous, flowers with cream-white to pale yellow petals, selva siempre verde en las laderas arriba de las cabeceras de rio Gidn, este de Los Tanques, al sur de Borburata, 750-1100 m alt, 31 Mar 1966, Julian A, Steyermark & Cora Steyermark 95390 (NY, U, VEN). A FIFTH SUMMARY OF TH! VERBENACEAE, AVICENNIACEAE, STILBACEAE, DICRASTYLIDACEAE, SYMPHOREMACEAE, NYCTANTHACEAE, AND ERIOCAULACEAE OF THE WORLD AS TO VALID TAXA, GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION, AND SYNONYMY Supplement 7 Harold N. Molcenke Since the publication of the 6th supplement to the above work in PHYTOLOGIA, volume 3, number 3, on October 1, 1976, 2,009 new herbarium specimens have come to me from 15 institutional and pri- vate herbaria on five continents. This new material, in addition to a vast amount of new literature which has been examined by my wife and/or myself, has brought to light numerous new taxa, new geographic records, new invalid names, spellings, and accrediti- ons, as well as numerous additional emendations and corrections of former entries. These are presented herewith (as promised on page 97h of the original work). Herbarium specimen or literature citations substantiating these records are presented, as usual, in my monographs of the genera involved or in their periodic supplements, mostly published in PHYTOLOGIA. Citation to place of publication of the names listed in Part II are also given in detail in these monographs or their supplements. Addenda and errata to Part I: The known geographic distribution of the accepted taxa: CANADA : Québec: Verbena hastata L. [Sternes Island] UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: Vermont: Verbena hastata L. [Grand Isle County] Virginia: Lachnocaulon anceps (Walt.) Morong [Dinwiddie County] Verbena urticifolia L. [Nelson County] North Carolina: Callicarpa americana L. [Hattaras Island] Eriocaulon decangulare f. parviceps Moldenke {Carteret County] Verbena bonariensis L. [Tyrrell County] South Carolinas Lachnocaulon anceps f. glabrescens Moldenke [Kershaw County] Florida: Clerodendrum k ri (Jacq.) Sieb. [Dade County] Duranta repe aaa E Sa. County; Sanibel Island] Lachnocaulon anceps (Walt.) Morong [Calhoun & Lee Counties] 28 1977 Moldenke, Fifth Summary Supplement 29 Florida [continued] : Lachnocaulon anceps f. glabrescens Moldenke (Highlands County.] Lachnocaulon beyrichianum Sporleder [Martin & Orange Counties } Lachnocaulon eciliatum Small [Highlands County] Lachnocaulon engleri f. abludens Moldenke [Pasco County]* Lachnocaulon minus (Chapm.) Small [Bay & Madison Counties] Lantana camara var. aculeata (L.) Moldenke [Broward County; [Sanibel Island] Lantana camara var. mista (L.) L. H. Bailey [Key Largo] Lantana camara var. ternata Moldenke [Highland County] Phyla strigulosa (Mart. & Gal.) Moldenke [Dade County] Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl [Egmont Key] Verbena tenuisecta Briq. [Madison County] Alabama: Eriocaulon lineare Small [Escambia & Geneva Counties] Eriocaulon texense Korn. [Escambia, Mobile, & Washington Coun ties Lachnocaulon beyrichianum Sporleder {Mobile County] Lachnocaulon minus (Chapm.) Small [Mobile County] Verbena bipinnatifida Nutt. [Pickens County] Mississippi: Lachnocaulon anceps (Walt.) Morong [Covington County] Ohio: Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene [Auglaize County] Iowa: Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr. [Clinton, Jackson, & Jones Counties xVerbena engelmannii Moldenke [Louisa & Van Buren Counties] xVerbena moechina Moldenke [Louisa County] xVerbena rydbergii Moldenke [Louisa County] Verbena simplex Lelm. [Jones County] Verbena stricta Vent. [Jones County] Verbena urticifolia L. [Clinton & Jackson Counties] Michigans Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr. (Oakland County] Verbena hastata L. [Leelanau County] Verbena stricta Vent. [Leelanau County] Verbena urticifolia var. leiocarpa Perry & Fernald [Oakland County] Kansas: Verbena hastata L. [Lyon County] Missouri: Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene [Cass County] Verbena urticifolia var. leiocarpa Perry & Fernald [Shannon County Verbena xutha Lehm. [Saint Louis] 30 PHHcFoTaO TE Ov Gud pd Vol. 36, no. 1 Arkansas: Callicarpa americana L. [Independence & union Counties] Eriocaulon kornickianum Van Heurck & Muell .-Arg. [Saline County] Louisiana: Lachnocaulon anceps f. glabrescens Moldenke [Vernon Parish] Lantana camara var. mista (L.) L. H. Bailey [Plaquemines & Tangipahoa Parishes] Phyla nodiflora var. reptans (Spreng.) Moldenke [Cameron & Terrebonne Parishes] Texas: Lantana camara f. parvifolia Moldenke [Cameron County] Phyla nodiflora var. texensis Moldenke [Caldwell County] New Mexico: Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr. [McKinley County] MEXICO: Eriocaulon microcephalum H.B.K. [Durango] Lantana camara var. mista (L.) L. H. Bailey [Yucatdn] Lantana frutilla var. obtusifolia Moldenke [Sinaloa] Lantana hirta var. pubescens Moldenke — delete the asterisk Lantana hispida H.B.K. [Tamaulipas] Lantana kingi Moldenke [Tamaulipas] Lippia alba var. globiflora (L'Hér.) Moldenke {[Tamaulipas] Phyla nodiflora var. texensis Moldenke [Michoac4n] Tonina fluviatilis Aubl. [Veracruz] Verbena elegans H.B.K. [Durango] GUATEMALA $ Aegiphila laxicupulis Moldenke { Jutiapa] Lantana hirta Grah. [Guatemala] Lantana hirta var. pubescens Moldenke [Sacatepéquez] Lippia myriocephala Schlecht. & Cham. [ Huehuetenango] BELIZE: Priva lappulacea f. albiflora Moldenke HONDURAS : Lippia oxyphyllaria (Donn. Sm.) Standl. [Choluteca & Morazdn] NICARAGUA : Aegiphila laxicupulis Moldenke [Chontales] Clerodendrum ligustrinum var. nicaraguense Moldenke [Corn Island] Lantana glandulosissima Hayek [Hsteli] Lantana hirta Grah. [Esteli & Matagalpa] Lantana trifolia L. [Jinotega] Phyla betulaefolia (H.B.K.) Greene [Rio San Juan] COSTA RICA: Aegiphila magnifica var. pubescens Moldenke [Puntarenas] Lippia controversa Moldenke [Ala juela] Paepalanthus costaricensis Moldenke [Alajuela] Verbena parvula Hayek [Heredia] 1977 Moldenke, Fifth Summary Supplement 31 BAHAMA ISLANDS: Citharexylum fruticosum f. bahamense (Millsp.) Moldenke [Acklin] Lantana arida Britton [Eleuthera Lantana tiliaefolia Cham. [Great Inagua] Phyla strigulosa var. sericea (Kuntze) Moldenke -- to be deleted CUBA: Paepalanthus seslerioides Griseb. [delete "Uriente"] Paepalanthus seslerioides var. wilsonii Moldenke {Pinar del Rio] ISLA DE PINOS: Lachnocaulon anceps (Walt.) Morong — to be deleted Lachnocaulon anceps ie glabrescens Moldenke Paepalanthus seslerioides Griseb. —— to be deleted Paepalanthus seslerioides var. carabiae Moldenke* Paepalanthus seslerioides var. wilsonii Moldenke CAYMAN ISLANDS: Lantana camara var. aculeata (L.) Moldenke [Little Cayman] HISPANIOLA: Lantana trifolia var. quadriverticillata Jiménez (Dominican Re= public }# VIRGIN ISLANDS: Lantana reticulata Pers. (St. Croix] WINDWARD ISLANDS: Avicennia germinans var. guayaquilensis (H,B.K.) Moldenke [St.. Vincent] Lantana involucrata L. [St. Lucia] TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: Avicennia schaueriana f. candicans Moldenke [Trinidad] NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICAN ISLANDS: Duranta repens L, [Margarita] COLOMBIAN CARIBBEAN ISLANDS: Verbena litoralis H.B.K. [San Andrés] LESSER ANTILLES: Stachytarpheta gibberosa Reichenb. -- to be deleted COLOMBIA : Aegiphila grandis Moldenke (Cauca, Huila, & Valle del Cauca] Aegiphila grandis var. cuatrecasasi (Moldenke) Lépez-Palacios [Magdalena ]+* Aegiphila grandis var. sessiliflora (Moldenke) Moldenke [Antio- quia, Cauca, Cundinamarca, Huila, & Valle del Cauca]* Aegiphila longifolia Turcz. — to be deleted Aegiphila mollis var. longifolia (Turez.) Lépez—Palacios [Meta & Santander] armen mollis var. puberulenta (Moldenke) Lépez—Palacios Antioquia] Aegiphila novogranatensis Moldenke [Cundinamarca & Tolima] — delete the asterisk Aegiphila sessiliflora Moldenke — to be deleted 32 Pebye 270 vEdOKal 2B Vol. 36, no. 1 COLOMBIA [continued]: Aegiphila sessiliflora var. cuatrecasasi Moldenke -= to be deleted Aegiphila sufflava Moldenke [Amazonas] Aegiphila truncata Moldenke ae be deleted Bouchea boyacaia Moldenke [Antioquia] Duranta sprucei var. breviracemosa Moldenke -— delete the asterisk Lantana camara L. [Antioquia] Lantana fiebrigii var. puberulenta Moldenke [Cundinamarca ]* Lantana glutinosa Poepp. [Narifio] Lantana maxima Hayek [Caldas] Lantana trifolia L. [Cérdoba] Lippia americana f. hyptoides (Benth.) Moldenke [Antioquia Lippia schlimii var. glabrescens (Moldenke) Moldenke gaara Stac heta angustifolia f. elatior (Schrad.) Lépez-Palacios [Cérdoba] Stachytarpheta cayennensis (L. C. Rich.) Vahl [Caldas] Vitex orinocensis var. multiflora (Miq.) Huber [Arauca & Cér- doba } VENEZUELA 3 Avicennia schaueriana Stapf & Leechman [Delta Amacuro] Duranta coriacea Hayek [Mérida] Duranta repens L. [Amazonas] Duranta repens var. alba (Masters) L. H. Bailey [Bolivar] Duranta repens var. canescens Moldenke [Falcén] Lippia americana f. pilosa Moldenke [Lara] Lippia hirsuta var. moritzii (Turcz.) Lépez—Palacios [T4chira] Paepalanthus meseticola Moldenke & Steyerm. [Bolfvar]* Petrea aspera Turcz. [Amazonas] Syngonanthus yapacanensis var. hirsutus Moldenke [Amazonas]* Tonina fluviatilis f. obtusifolia Moldenke — to be deleted GUYANA: Avicennia schaueriana f. candicans Moldenke Syngonanthus tenuis (H.B. a Ruhl. Tonina fluviatilis f. obtusifolia Moldenke — add an asterisk SURINAM: Avacennia elliptica var. martii Moldenke — to be deleted Avicennia schaueriana f. candicans Moldenke ECUADOR: Aegiphila grandis Moldenke [E1 Oro] Aegiphila integrifolia var. lopez-palacii Moldenke [Napo]* Aegiphila lopez=-palacii Moldenke [Pichincha]* Aegiphila lopez—palacii var. pubescens Moldenke [Pichincha]* Aegiphila novogranatensis Moldenke [Pichincha] Aegiphila rimbachii Moldenke [Pichincha] Aloysia scorodonioides (H.B.K.) Cham. [Guayas & Imbabura] 1977 Moldenke, Fifth Summary Supplement 33 ECUADOR [contimed]: Aloysia triphylla (L'Hér.) Britton [Pichincha] Citharexy lum gentryi Moldenke [Los Rfos]* Citharexylum macrophyllum Poir. {[Napo] Citharexylum montanum Moldenke {[Imbabura] Duranta repens L. [El Oro] Duranta sprucei var. breviracemosa Moldenke [Pichincha] Duranta triacantha A. L. Juss. [Cotopaxi] Lantana camara var. moritziana (Otto & Dietr.) Lépez-Palacios {Imbabura } Lantana maxima Hayek [El Oro] Lantana reptans Hayek [Azuay] Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Br. [Napo] Lippia americana f, toides (Benth.) Moldenke [Manab{f] Petrea volubilis L. a Phyla strigulosa var. sericea (Kuntze) Moldenke [El Oro, Guayas, Loja, & Manabf] Priva lappulacea (L.) Pers. [Manabf] Priva lappulacea f. albiflora Moldenke [El Oro] Stachytarpheta straminea Moldenke [El Oro & Napo] Verbena demissa Moldenke [Loja] Verbena demissa f. alba Moldenke [Pichincha]* Verbena hispida Ruiz & Pav. [Loja] Verbena litoralis H.B.K. [Carchi & Imbabura] Verbena litoralis f. magnifolia Moldenke [Napo]* Verbena parvula var. gigas Moldenke [Loja] Verbena parvula var. obovata Moldenke [Pichincha]* Vitex gigantea H.B.K. [Napo] PUNA ISLAND: Lippia americana L. GALAPAGOS ISLANDS: Stachytarpheta cayennensis (L. C. Rich.) Vahl [Narborough] Verbena litoralis H.B.K. [Narborough] Verbena stewartii Moldenke [Narborough] PERU: Citharexylum dentatum D. Don { Junfn] Clerodendrum tessmanni Moldenke [San Martin] Hierobotana inflata (H.B.K.) Briq. [Ica] Junellia hayekii Moldenke [Ayacucho] Lantana reptans Hayek -~ delete the asterisk Syngonanthus caulescens var. angustifolius Moldenke [Amazonas] Syngonanthus compactus Ruhl. [San Martin] Verbena fasciculata Benth. [Ica] Vitex excelsa var. petiolata Moldenke [Loreto]* BRAZIL: Aegiphila candelabrum Briq. [Minas Gerais] Aegiphila glandulifera var. paratnsis Moldenke [Amazonas] 3h PHYTO Li. QeGyT A Vol. 36, now 1 BRAZIL [continued]: Aegiphila lanceolata Moldenke [Amazonas ] Aegiphila longifolia Turez. — to be deleted Aegiphila mollis var. longifolia (Turcz.) Lépez=Palacios [Amaz6nas] Aegiphila sellowiana Cham. [Amazénas] Avicennia elliptica var. martii Moldenke [delete "Paré"], add asterisk Avicennia germinans var. guayaquilensis (H.B.K.) Moldenke [Cea- r4 & Par4] Avicennia schaueriana Stapf & Leechman [Graguatd Island; delete Maranhfo & Florianopolis Island] Avicennia schaueriana f. candicans Moldenke [Bahia, Cear4, Guana— bara, Maranhdo, Parafba, Parand, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, & SHo Paulos Florianopolis, Gobernador, Pinhei- ros, & Santa Catarina Islands] Casselia confertiflora (Moldenke) Moldenke [Bahia] Citharexylum pernambucense Moldenke [Maranhfo] Clerodendrum philippimam Schau. [Amazonas] Duranta repens L. ae Santo] Eriocaulon megapotamicum Malme [Paran4] Eriecaulon sellowiamm var. longifolium Moldenke {Mato Grosso] Eriocaulon spruceanum f. viviparum Moldenke [Roraima] Lantana camara L. [Bahia] Lantana camara var. aculeata (L.) Moldenke [Espirito Santo] Lantana camara var. moritziana (Otto & Dietr.) Lépez—Palacios [Amazonas] Lantana canescens H.B.K. [Parafba] Lantana fucata var. longipes Moldenke {Rio Grande do Sul & Santa Catarina] Lantana lippioides Spreng. — to be deleted Lantana procurrens Schau. [Minas Gerais] Lantana trifolia L. [Minas Gerais & Rio de Janeiro] Lantana trifolia f. hirsuta Moldenke [Rio de Janeiro] Lantana triplinervia Turcz. [Rio de Janeiro] Lantana triplinervia f. armata Moldenke [Guanabara & S&o Paulo]* Lantana triplinervia var. puberulenta (Moldenke) Moldenke [Gua- nabara] Lantana viscosa Pohl [Guanabara; Fund&o Island] Leiothrix rufula var. brevipes Moldenke [Rio de Janeiro]# Lippia alba var. globiflora (L'Hér.) Moldenke [Amaz6nas, Bahia, & Rio de Janeiro | Lippia balansae Briq. [Mato Grosso] Lippia campestris Moldenke [Rio Grande do Sul] Lippia elliptica Schau. [delete "Minas Gerais") Lippia gardneriana Schau. [Minas Gerais] Lippia geacilis Schau. [Goi4s, Maranh¥o, & Mato Grosso] Lippia lepida Moldenke [Distrito Federal] 1977 Moldenke, Fifth Summary Supplement 35 BRAZIL [continued]: Lippia lorentzii Moldenke [Roraima] Lippia mattogrossensis Moldenke [delete "Distrito Federal"] Lippia nepetacea Schau. (Minas Gerais]# Lippia obscura Briq. [Distrito Federal & Goids] Paepalanthus argillicola Alv. Silv. [Rio de Janeiro] Paepalanthus ciliatus (Bong.) Kunth [Guanabara } Paepalanthus elongatus f. graminifolius Herzog [Minas Gerais] Paepalanthus erectifolius Alv. Silv. [Rondonia] Paepalanthus filifolius Moldenke — to be deleted Paepalanthus formosus Moldenke (Mato Grosso] Paepalanthus glabrifolius Ruhl. [Guanabara] Paepalanthus guaraiensis Moldenke [Goids]* Paepalanthus polytrichoides Kunth [Rondénia } Paepalanthus saxicola var. pilosus Moldenke [Goids]* Paepalanthus tortilis var. glaberrims Mart. & Moldenke [Guana- bara & Rio de Janeiro]* Paepalanthus tortilis var. micor Moldenke {Espirito Santo]* Petrea nitidula Moldenke [Mato Grosso] Stachytarpheta dichotoma f. albiflora Moldenke [Mato Grosso] Stachytarpheta sessilis Moldenke (Minas Gerais] Syngonanthus baldwini Moldenke [Par4] Syngonanthus bisumbellatus (K&rn.) Ruhl. [Roraima] Syngonanthus caulescens var. angustifolius Moldenke {Minas Ger- ais, Parand, Rio Grande do Sul, & Rond6nia] Syngonanthus caulescens var. discretifolius Moldenke [Par4]* Syngonanthus densus (Ktrn.) Ruhl. [Par4] Syngonantims elegantulus Ruhl. {[Guanabara] Syngonanthus elegantulus var. glaziovii Moldenke [Minas Gerais]* Syngonanthus fertilis (Ktrn.) Ruhl. Amazénas] Syngonanthus glandulosus Gleason (Mato Grosso] Syngonanthus humboldtii var. glandulosus Gleason [Mato Grosso & Rondonia] Syngonanthus longipes Gleason [Amazonas] Syngonanthus niveus var. rosulatus (K6rn.) Moldenke [Bahia] Syngonanthus reclinatus (KUrn.) Ruhl. [Rio de Janeiro] Syngonanthus reflexus Gleason [Amazonas] Syngonanthus ruprechtiams (Ktrn.) Ruhl. [Minas Gerais]* — this is the corrected entry Syngonanthus umbellatus (Lam.) Ruhl. [delete "Goids"] Syngonanthus widgrenianus (Ktrn.) Ruhl. [delete "Parand"] Syngonanthus xeranthemoides var. confusus (K&rn.) Moldenke [de- lete "Mato Grosso"] Syngonanthus xeranthemoides var. hirsutus Moldenke [Mato Grosso] Verbena balansae Briq. [Mato Grosso] Verbena campestris Moldenke {Paran4] Vitex sprucei Briq. [Roraima] Vitex triflora var. floribunda Huber [Rondénia] 36 Peo YeTO NOsG7E & Vol. 36, no. 1 MARACA ISLAND: Syngonanthus tenuis (H.B.K.) Ruhl. — to be deleted BOLIVIA: Aegiphila saltensis Legname [Tarija] Junellia minima (Meyen) Moldenke [Santa Cruz] Junellia seriphioides (Gill. & Hook.) Moldenke [Oruro] Lantana brachypoda Hayek [Tarija] Lippia alba var. globiflora L'Hér.) Moldenke [Santa Cruz] Lippia chacensis Moldenke -- to be deleted Lippia lorentzii Moldenke [Santa Cruz] Vitex triflora Vahl [Pando] PARAGUAY : Lantana aristata var. longipedunculata Moldenke* Lippia intermedia Cham, Syngonanthus glandulosus var. epapillosus Moldenke ARGENTINA : Aegiphila saltensis Legname — delete the asterisk Citharexylum jérgensenii (Lillo) Moldenke [Salta] Junellia digitata (R. A. Phil.) Moldenke {La Rioja] Lantana camara var. aculeata (L.) Moldenke [Corrientes] Lantana fucata var. longipes Moldenke [Salta] Neosparton aphyllum (Gill. & Hook.) Kuntze [La Rioja] Verpena minutiflora Briq. [Toledo Island] MACARONESIA : Phyla nodiflora var. canescens (H.B.K.) Moldenke [Gran Canaria] FRANCE: Phyla nodiflora var. canescens (H.B.K.) Moldcenke Verbena supina f. erecta Moldenke BALEARIC ISLANDS: Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene [Minorca] GERMANY : Verbena urticifolia L. AEGEAN ISLANDS: Vitex agnus-castus L. [Psara] CRETE: Phyla nodiflora var. reptans (Spreng.) Moldenke ALGERIA : Lantana camara L. LIBYA: Verbena supina L. CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: Syngonanthus chevalieri H. Lecomte — to be deleted Syngonanthus wahlbergii (Wikstr.) Ruhl. TANGANYIKA: Vitex bunguensis Moldenke* KENYA: Holmskioldia n. sp. ined. 1977 Moldenke, Fifth Summary Supplement 37 ZAMBIA: Kalaharia uncinata var. hirsuta (Moldenke) Moldenke RHUDESTA: Lantana petitiana A. Rich. MOZAMBIQUE: Clerodendrum ternatum Schinz [Zambezia] NAMIBIA: Lantana camara L. Lippia javanica (Burm. f.) Spreng. SOUTH AFRICA: Holmskioldia tettensis (Klotzsch) Vatke [Natal] Lantana camara L. [Transvaal] SEYCHELLES ISLANDS: Phyla nodiflora var. reptans (Spreng.) Moldenke [Praslin] ARABIA: Phyla nodiflora var. reptans (Spreng.) Moldenke [Yemen] AFGHANISTAN: Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Phyla nodiflora var. canescens (H.B.K.) Moldenke PAKISTAN: Lantana rugosa Thunb. {Kohat & Quetta] INDIA: Clerodendrum glaucum Wall. -- to be deleted Clerodendrum serratum var. wallichii C. B. Clarke [Assam, Mani- pur, Uttar Pradesh, & West Bengal] — delete the asterisk Eriocaulon breviscapum Korn. [Meghalaya] Eriocaulon browniamm var, latifolium Moldenke [Meghalaya] Eriocavlon infirmum Steud. [Meghalaya] Lantana camara var. angustifolia Moldenke — to be deleted Lantana camara f. parvifolia Moldenke [Kerala] Lantana rugosa Thunb. [West Bengal] Lantana triplinervia Turcz. [Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Madras, & Mysore } Symphorema polyandrum Wight [Union Territory] SRI LANKA: Citharexylum spinosum L. Clerodendrum kaempferi (Jacq.) Sieb. Lantana camara var. mista (L.) L. H. Bailey Lantana tiliaefolia Cham. —— to be deleted BANGLADESH: Phyla nodiflora var. reptans (Spreng.) Moldenke CHINESE COASTAL ISLANDS: Phyla nodiflora var. reptans (Spreng.) Moldenke [Hainan] Sphenodesme ferruginea (W. Griff.) Briq. [Hainan] THAILAND: Clerodendrum serratum var. obovatum Moldenke* Clerodendrum serratum var. pilosum Moldenke* Clerodendrum serratum var. wallichii C. B. Clarke 38 Poo Y:TsO LOGE A Vol. 36, no. 1 THAILAND [contimued]: Eriocaulon laosense var. maxwellii Moldenke* Glossocarya mollis var. maxwellii Moldenke* GQmelina arborea var. canescens Haines Premna macrophylla var. thailandica Moldenke* INDOCHINA : Clerodendrum serratum var. wallichii C. B. Clarke [Cambodia & Tonkin MALAYA: Clerodendrum serratum var. wallichii C. B. Clarke [Perak & Selangor] Eriocaulon australe R. Br. [Penang] Eriocaulon sexangulare L. [Penang] Geunsia pentandra (Roxb.) Merr. [Selangor] Sphenodesme pentandra var. wallichiana (Schau.) Merr. [Penang] Vitex gamosepala W. Griff [Pahang] Vitex gamosepala var. kunstleri King & Gamble [Penang] MALAYAN ISLANDS: Vitex siamica F. N. Will. [Bumbon Besar] Vitex trifolia var. bicolor (Willd.) Moldenke [Bumbon Besar] JAPAN: Callicarpa australis Koidz. [Kyushu & Shikoku] delete the aster- isk RYUKYU ISLAND ARCHIPELAGO: Callicarpa australis Koidz. FORMOSA : Callicarpa longifolia Lam, PHILIPPINs ISLANDS: Tectona philippinensis Benth. [Tling] BONIN ISLANDS: Callicarpa parvifolia Hook. & Arn. [Anijima] MARIANAS ISLANDS: Premna mariannarum f. dentata Moldenke [Guguan]* Vitex trifolia var. bicolor (Willd.) Moldenke [Maug & Pagan] GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Eriocaulon heterolepis var. nigricans Ktrn. [Sabah] Eriocaulon merrillii Ruhl. —- to be deleted Eriocaulon sollyanum var. sumatranum Van Royen [Sumatra]+ PHOENIX ISLANDS: Lantana camara L. [Canton] BISMARK AR ARCHIPELAGO : Avicennia alba Blume [Manus] SOLOMON ISLANDS: — Lantana camara var. mista (L.) L. H. Bailey [Guadalcanal] Lantana montevidensis s (Spreng. ) Briq. [Guadalcanal] AUSTRALIA: Clerodendrum heterophyllum (Poir.) R. Br. [Queensland] Lantana camara var. aculeata (L.) Moldenke [New South Wales] 1977 Moldenke, Fifth Summary Supplement 39 GREAT BARRIER REEF: Clerodendrum heterophyllum fs angustifolium Moldenke [Strad- broke Duranta repens L. [Stradbroke ] Eriocaulon australe R. Br. [Stradbroke] Eriocaulon scariosum J. E. Sm. [Stradbroke] Verbena bonariensis L. [Stradbroke] NEW ZEALAND: Avicennia marina var. resinifera (Forst. f.) Bakh. [Pollen] HAWAIIAN ISLANDS: Holmskioldia sanguinea Retz. [Hawaii] SAMOAN ISLANDS: Premna taitensis Schau. [Upolu] Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl [Upolu] CULTIVATED: Aegiphila elata Sw. [England] Aegiphila foetida Sw. [England] Aegiphila laevis (Aubl.) Gmel. [England] Aegiphila trifida Sw. [England] Aloysia scorodonioides (H.B.K.) Cham. [Ecuador] Avicennia officinalis L. [England] Callicarpa arborea Roxb. [England] Callicarpa dichotoma (Lour.) K. Koch (England) Callicarpa longifolia Lam. [England] Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl [England] Callicarpa reticulata Sw. [England] Callicarpa tomentosa (L.) Murr. [England] Caryopteris mongholica Bunge [Germany] Citharexylum caudatum L. [England] Citharexylum fruticosum L. [England] Citharexylum fruticosum var. subserratum (Sw.) Moldenke [England] Citharexylum fruticosum var. villosum (Jacq.) 0. E. Schulz [Eng- Tana) Citharexylum sericeum Lodd. [England]* Clerodendrum colebrokianum Walp. [Florida] Clerodendrum floribundum R. Br. [Australia] Clerodendrum glabrum E, Mey. [Australia] Clerodendrum heterophyllum f. angustifolium Moldenke {Australia & Great Barrier Reef] Clerodendrum serratum var. wallichii C. B. Clarke [Singapore] Clerodendrum umbellatum var. speciosum (Dombrain) Moldenke [Ecu- ador] Congea tomentosa Roxb. [Tobago] Cormtia latifolia (H.B.K.) Molienke [England] Duranta repens var. alba (Masters) L. H. Bailey [Ecuador] Eriocaulon australe R. Br. [England] Eriocaulon decangulare L. [England] 0 Pub Ye) 0 GuOeGed & Vol. 36, now 1 CULTIVATED [contimed]: Eriocaulon sexangulare L. [England] Ghinia spicata (Aubl.) Moldenke [Germany] Gmelina philippensis Cham. [Tobago] Holmskioldia sanguinea Retz. [Germany & Jamaica] Lantana achyranthifolia f. grandifolia Moldenke [Germany] Lantana annua L. [France] Lantana aristata var. longipedunculata Moldenke [Germany] Lantana camara var. mutabilis (Hook.) L. H. Bailey [Colombia] Lantana camara f. parvifolia Moldenke [Germany & Italy] Lantana fiebrigii Hayek Germany] Lantana horrida H.B.K. [Germany] Lantana jamaicensis Britton [Germany } Lantana montevidensis (Spreng.) Briq. [Michigan] Lippia alba var. globiflora (L'Hér.) Moldenke [India] Lippia callicarpaefolia H.B.K. [Germany] Paepalanthus lamarckii Kunth [England] Petrea rugosa var. casta Moldenke [Colombia] Phyla nodiflora var. reptans (Spreng.) Moldenke [Italy] Phyla scaberrima (A. L. Juss.) Moldenke [Venezuela] Phyla strigulosa (Mart. & Gal.) Moldenke [France] Syngonanthus niveus (Bong.) Ruhl. [Germany] xVerbena hybrida Voss [Ecuador] Verbena monacensis Moldenke [Venezuela] Verbena officinalis L. [Mexico] Verbena sulphurea D. Don [Germany] Verbena supina f. erecta Voldenke [Germany] Verbena tenuisecta Briq. [St. Croix] Vitex trifolia var. subtrisecta (Kuntze) Moldenke [Australia] FOSSILIZED: Tectona grandis L. f. [Pleistocene of India] Additions and emendations to Part II: An alphabetic list of re- jected scientific names proposed in these groups, including misspellings and variations in accredition: Aegiphila arborescens @ breviflora Schau. = A. integrifolia (Jacq.) Jacq. Aegiphila arborescens @ longiflora Schau. = A. bracteolosa Mol- denke Aegiphila brachiata Cham. & Schl. = A. deppeana Steud. Aegiphila cuatrecasasii Moldenke = A. cuatrecasasi Moldenke Aegiphila gloriosa var. paraensis Hock. = A. gloriosa var. paratnsis Moldenke Aegiphila grandis var. cuatrecasasii (Moldenke) Lépez—Palacios = A. grandis var. cuatrecasasi (Moldenke) Lépez—Palacios LTT Moldenke, Fifth Summary Supplement yl Aegiphila longifolia Turcz. = A. mollis var. longifolia (Turcz.) Lépez=Palacios Aegiphila sesiliflora Moldenke = A. grandis var. sessiliflora (Moldenke) Moldenke — this is the corrected entry Aegiphila sessiliflora Moldenke = A. grandis var. sessiliflora (Moldenke) Moldenke Aegiphila sessiliflora var. cuatrecasasi Moldenke = A. grandis var. cuatrecasasi (Moldenke) Lépez-Palacios Aegiphila truncata Moldenke = A. grandis Moldenke Aloysia attennata Walp. = Lippia vernonioides Cham, a Aloysia gratissima (Gill. ex Hook.) Tronc. = A. gratissima (Gill. & Hook.) Troncoso Avicennia officinalis var. lanceolata Kuntze = A. germinans var. guayaquilensis (H.B.K.) Moldenke Avicennia schaeereana Stapf & Lehm. = A. schaueriana Stapf & Leechman Avicennia schaueriana f. glabrescens Moldenke = A. schaueriana Stapf & Leechman Bontia P, Br. ex Airy Shaw in Willis = Avicennia L. Bontia L. ex Loefl. = Avicennia L. Bouchea dichotoma Mohr [in part] = Stachytarpheta dichotoma (Ruiz & Pav.) Vahl — this is the corrected entry Bouhea Moldenke = Bouchea Cham. Bouhea fluminensis Moldenke = Bouchea fluminensis (Vell.) Moldenke Bouhea fluminensis var. pilosa Moldenke = Bouchea fluminensis var. pilosa Moldenke Burchardia Heist ex Duham. = Callicarpa L. Callicarpa acuminata L. = C. acuminata H.B.K. Callicarpa maingayi King = C. maingayi King & Gamble Callicarpa pendulata k. Br. = C. pedunculata R. Br. Calymega Poit. ex Mold. = Vitex Tourn. Camara lamii folio &c. Dill. = Lantana camara var. mista (L.) L. H. Bailey Camara melissae folio &c. Dill. = Lantana camara L, Camara trifolia &c. Plum. = Lantana trifolia L. Citharexylon sericeum Lodd. = itharexylum sericeum Lodd. Citharexylon subflavescens Moldenke = Citharexylum subflavescens Blake Citharexylum cinereum 7 Lam. = C. spinosum L. Citharexylum cyanocarpum Hook. & Arn. = Rhaphithamms spinosus (A. L. Juss.) Moldenke Citharexylum flexuosum D. Don = C. flexuosum (Rufz & Pav.) D. Don Citharexylum serrectum Griseb. = C. caudatum L. Clerodendron floribundum Lindl. = Clerodendrum emirnense Bojer Clerodendron hirsutum D. Don = Clerodendrum umbellatum Poir. Clerodendron obovatum Walp. = Clerodendrum obovatum (Roxb.) Walp. h2 PHY) TiO Leoserr # Vol. 36, no. 1 Clerodendron ovatum @ R. Br. = Clerodendrum floribundum R, Br. Clerodendron ovatum & R. Br. = Clerodendrum floribundum R. Br. Clerodendron speciosissimum Hort. Angl. = Clerodendrum kaempferi (Jacq.) Sieb. Clerodendron spinosum Spreng. = Clerodendrum spinosum (L.) Spreng. Clerodendron temuifolium H.B.K. = Clerodendrum ternifolium H.B.K. Clerodendrum divaricatum Jack = C. serratum var. wallichii C. B. Clarke —- this is the corrected entry Clerodendrum kaempferi (Jack.) Sieb. = C. kaempferi (Jacq.) Sieb. Clerodendrum teruatum Schinz = C. ternatum Schinz Clerodendrum teruatum var. lanceolatum (Guerke) Moldenke = C. ternatum var. Lanceolatum (Gtirke) Moldenke ¥ Congea azurea Vahl = C. tomentosa Hoxb. Congea tomentosa var. @Schau. = C. tomentosa Roxb. Congea tomentosacf latifolia Schau. = C. tomentosa Roxb. Congea tomentosa » oblongifolia Schau. = C. tomentosa Roxb. Cormtia microcalicina Pav. & Mold. = C. microcalycina Pavon & Moldenke Cormatia pyramidata var. albida Anon. = C. pyramidata var. isth- mica Moldenke Cryptocaly Benth. = Phyla Lour. Dupatia Griseb. = Paepalanthus Mart. Dupatia seslerioides Griseb. = Paepalanthus seslerioides Griseb. Dupatya alsinoides Wr. & Sauv. = Paepalanthus alsinoides C. Wright Dupatya alsinoides (Wright & Sauv.) Britton = Paepalanthus alsin- oides C. Wright Dupatya ruprechtiana (K&8rn.) Kuntze = Syngonanthus ruprechtiams aS Ruhl. —- this is the corrected entry Dupatya ruprechtiana Kuntze = Syngonanthus ruprechtianus (Ktrn.) Ruhl. — this is the corrected entry Duranta repens y mutisii 3. acuminata a. glabrifolia Kuntze = D. coriacea Hayek -- this is the corrected entry Eriocaulon alpestre var. alpestre [Hook. f. & Thoms.] ex Van Royen = Ee. alpestre Hook. f. & Thoms. sriocaulon brevipedunculatum Suesseng. & Heine = E. kinabaluense Van Royen Eriocaulon ovoideum var. ulei Knuth = Dioscorea amarantoides var. ulei Knuth, Dioscoreaceae Eriocaulon umbellatum Humb. = Syngonanthus umbellatus (Lam.) Ruhl. Eriocaulon umbellatum Kunth = Syngonanthus umbellatus (Lam.) Ruhl. Eriocaulon vernonioides (Kunth) D. Dietr. = Syngonanthus xeranthe- moides var. vernonioides (Kunth) Moldenke Ghinia verbenacea Sw. = G. boxiana Moldenke Glandularia Schau. = Verbena [Dorst.] L. Glandularia disecta (Willd.) Schnack & Covas = Verbena dissecta Willd. Glossocarya mollis Wall. ex Griff. = G. mollis Wall. 1977 Moldenke, Fifth Summary Supplement 43 Gmelina elliptica J. C. Sm. = G. elliptica J. E. Sm. Goniostachyum graveolens Small = Lippia graveolens H.BeKe Junelia Mold. = Junellia Moldenke Lachnocaulon anceps (Walt.) DC. = L. anceps (Walt.) Morong Lachnocaulon digynum Sporl. = L. digynum K&rn. Lantana aculeata Auct. = L. camara var. mista (L.) L. He. Bailey Lantana alba var. trifoliata Benth. = L. indica Roxb. Lantana asperata Hort. Paris. = L. camara var. nivea (Vent.) L. H. Bail Lantana Farias Hort. = L. montevidensis (Spreng.) Briq. Lantana camarra L. = L. camara L. Lantana capensis Thunb, = Spielmannia jasminum Medic., Myoporaceae Lantana chiapensis Moldenke = L. chiapasensis Moldenke Lantana cinerea Otto & Dietr. = L. brasiliensis Link Lantana cremulata Otto & Dietr. = L. camara var. splendens (Medic .) Moldenke — this is the corrected entry Lantana crispa Thunb. = Spielmannia jasminum Medic., Myoporaceae Lantana crocea (K rugosa Otto & Dietr. = L. urticaefolia Mill. Lantana crocea ® planifolia Otto & Dietr. = L. urticaefolia Mill. Lantana cuneifolia Mart. = L. chamissonis (D. Dietr.) Benth. Lantana emvolutrata Kummer = L. annua L. Lantana geminata (H.B.K.) Spreng. = Lippia alba var. globiflora (L'Hér.) Moldenke —- this is the corrected entry Lantana geminata (Kunth) Spreng. = Lippia alba var. globiflora L'Hér.) Moldenke -—- this is the corrected entry Lantana geminata Spreng. = Lippia alba var. globiflora (L'Hér.) Moldenke Lantana glutinosa var. albiflora Mold. = L. glutinosa f. albiflora Moldenke Lantana graveoleus Crutchfield & Johnston = Lippia graveolens H.B.K. Lantana involucrata f. candida Fosb. = L. involucrata L. Lantana lippioides Spreng. = L. canescens H.B.K. Lantana montevidensis Spreng. = L. montevidensis (Spreng.) Briq. Lantana nivea @ Vent. = L. camara var. mutabilis (Hook.) L. H. Bailey Lantana salviaefolia Cham. = L. fucata Lindl. Lantana salviaefolia L. = L. fucata Lindl. Lantana splendens Medic. = L. camara var. splendens (Medic.) Mol- denke Lantana svennsonii Mold. = L. svensonii Moldenke Lantana svennsonii f. albiflora Mold. = L. svensonii f. albiflora Moldenke Lantana variegata Otto & Dietr. = L. purpurea Hornem. Lantana youngii Kummer = L. tiliaefolia Cham. Lippia chacensis Moldenke = L. lorentzii Moldenke Lippia citrata Willd. = L. alba var. globiflora (L'Hér.) Moldenke — this is the corrected entry hh Pic YPO LiOvGer.k Vol. 36, now 1 Lippia citrosa (Small) = Lautana microcephala A. Rich. Lippia corlmbosa Troncoso = L. corymbosa Chan. Lippia dictamms Mart. = Le francensis Moldenke Lippia discolor Hort. = Phyla scaberrima (A. L. Juss.) Moldenke Lippia floribunda H.BKe = Le schlimii var. glabrescens (Moldenke) Moldenke — this is the corrected entry Lippia floribunda Humb. & Bonpl. = L. schlimii var. glabrescens Moldenke) Moldenke -- this is the corrected entry Lippia floribunda Humb. & Kunth = L. schlimii var. glabrescens (Moldenke) Moldenke -- this is the corrected entry Lippia floribunda Kunth = L. schlimii var. glabrescens (Moldenke) Moldenke — this is the corrected entry Lippia globiflora f. pubescens Kuntze = L. alba var. globiflora (L'Hér.) Moldenke -- this is the corrected entry Lippia globiflora albiflora Kuntze = L. alba var. globiflora (L'Hér.) Moldenke -- this is the corrected entry Lippia hatschbachi Moldenke = L. hatschbachii Moldenke Lippia hemisphaeria Jacq. = L. americana L. Lippia hispida Jacq. = Lantana achyranthifolia f. grandifolia Moldenke Lippia imndata Mart. = L. lorentzii Moldenke Lippia lacunosa var. ovatifolia Moldenke = L. lacunosa var. acuti- folia Moldenke Lippia latoovata Mart. = L. lupulina Cham. Lippia lavandulaefolia Schwaegr. = L. javanica (Burm. f.) Spreng. Lippia lopezzi Mold. = L. lopezii Moldenke Lippia macrocalyx Mart. = L. microcephala Cham. Lippia mcvaughii Moldenke = L. mevaughi Moldenke Lippia myriocephala H.B.K. = L. myriocephala Schlecht. & Cham. Lippia nepetacea Schau. -— to be deleted Lippia nodiflora var. repens (Spreng.) Ross = Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Lippia nodiflora gy sarmentosa DC. = Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Lippia pumila Cham. & Schl. = L. pumila Cham. Lippia pycnocephala Seem. = L. myriocephala var. hypoleia (Briq.) Moldenke Lippia rhodocnemis Mart. = L. rhodocnemis Mart. & Schau. Lippia rubra Hort. = Lantana achyranthifolia f. grandifolia Mol- denke Lippia saturaeaefolia Mart. = L. satureiaefolia Mart. & Schau. Lippia sericea Schau. = L. sericea Cham. Lippia stUchas Mart. = L. sericea Cham. Lippia strigulosa f. parvifolia (Mold.) Fosberg = Phyla strigulosa var. sericea (Kuntze) Moldenke Lippia substrigosus Turcz. = L. substrigosa TurcZe Lippia tergulifera Briq. = L. tegulifera Briq. Lippia thymoides Mart. = L. thymoides Mart. & Schau. 1977 Moldenke, Fifth Summary Supplement LS Macrostegia Nees in DC. = Vitex Tourn. Mailelou Rheede ex Adans. = Vitex Tourn. Melasanthus triphyllus Pohl = Stachytarpheta rhomboidalis (Pohl) Walp. Paepalanthus alsinoides Wright & Sauvalle = P, alsinoides C. Wright Paepalanthus colombianus Cleef = P. columbiensis Ruhl. -- this is the corrected entry Paepalantius drouetii L. B. Sm. = yngonanthus drouetii L. B. Sm. -- this is the corrected entry Paepalanthus filifolius Moldenke = P. capillifolius Moldenke Paepalanthus phlepsae Moldenke = P. phelpsae Moldenke Paepalanthus rupprechtiams Ktrn,. = Syngonanthus ruprechtiams (K8rn.) Ruhl. —- this is the corrected entry Paepalanthus ruprechtianus Korn. = Syngonanthus ruprechtianus (K8rn.) Ruhl. — this is the corrected entry Paepalanthus vernonioides var. a Kunth = Syngonanthus xeranthe- moides var. vernonioides (Kunth) Moldenke -- this is the corrected entry Paepalanthus vernonioides var. &{ Kunth = Syngonanthus xeranthe- moides var. vernonioides (Kunth) Moldenke -- this is the corrected entry Petrea mexicana Humb. & Bonpl. = P. volubilis var. pubescens Mol- denke -- this is the corrected entry Petrea pubeseens Turcz. = P. pubescens Turez. Petrea pubeseens var. klugii Mold. = P. pubescens var. klugii Moldenke Phyla betulacea (H.B.K.) Greene = P, betulaefolia (H.B.K.) Greene Phyla betulaefolia H.B.K. = P. betulaefolia (H.B.K.) Greene Pitraea cuncato-ovata (Cav.) Caso = P. cuneato-ovata (Cav.) Caro Priva lappula Andrews = P. lappulacea (L.) Pers. Pygmaopremna Nayar, Yogan., & Subram. = Pygmaeopremna Merr. Pygmaopremna herbacea Nayar, Yogan., & Subram. = Pygmaeopremna herbacea (Roxb.) Moldenke Sép'halicé W. Jones = Nyctanthes L. & N. arbor-tristis L. Siphonanthus Schau. = Clerodendrum Burm, Stachytarpha aristata Vahl = Stachytarpheta orubica (L.) Vahl Stac arpha cajanensis Vahl = Stachytarpheta cayennensis Fire oe Rich.) Vahl Stachytarpha ciliata Kunze = Stachytarpheta indica (L.) Vahl Stacnytarpha dichotoma Vahl = Stachytarpheta dichotoma (Rufz & Pav.) Vahl -- this is the corrected entry Stachytarpha gibberosa feichenb. = Stachytarpheta dichotoma (Ruiz & Pav.) Vahl Stachytarpha glauca Walp. = Stachytarpheta glauca (Pohl) Schau. Stachytarpha glauca ¢y Schau. = Stachytarpheta glauca (Pohl) Schau. Stachytarpha glauca % subintegrifolia Schau. = Stachytarpheta glauca var. subintegrifolia Schau, 6 PrHs¥ TOvb2OnG- ick Vol. 36, no. 1 Stachytarpha hirsuta Jacq. f. = Stachytarpheta canescens H.BeK. Stachytarpha hirsutissima Link = Stachytarpheta canescens H.B.K. Stachytarpha hirta Kunth = Stachytarpheta dichotoma (Ruiz & Pav.) Vahl Stachytarpha hirta H.B.K. = tachytarpheta dichotoma (Ruiz & Pav.) Vahl Stachytarpha jamaicensis Gardn. = tachytarpheta dichotoma (Rufz & Pav.) Vahl X Mie. marginata Vahl = Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl Stachytarpha maximiliani® glabrata Schau. = tachytarpheta maxi- miliani var. glabrata Schau. Stachytarpha microphylla Walp. = Stachytarpheta sanguinea Mart. Stachytarpha palustris Schott = Stachytarpheta angustifolia f. elatior (Schrad.) Lépez-Palacios Stachytarpha pilosiuscula H.B.K. = Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl Stachytarpha pilosiuscula Kunth = Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl Stachytarpha quadrangula Nees & Mart. = Stachytarpheta quadrangula Nees & Mart. Stachytarpha rhomboidalis Walp. = Stachytarpheta rhomboidalis Schau. Stachytarpha triphylla Walp. = Stachytarpheta rhomboidalis Schau. Stachytarpha umbrosa H.B.K. = Stachytarpheta dichotoma (Ruiz & Pav.) Vahl Stachytarpha umbrosa Kunth = Stachytarpheta dichotoma (Ruiz & Pav.) Vahl a urticifolia Sims = Stachytarpheta urticaefolia Salisb.) Sims Stachytarpha veronicaefolia Cham. = Stachytarpheta cayennensis (L. C. Rich.) Vahl Stachytarpha villosa Schau. = Stachytarpheta villosa Cham. — this is the corrected entry Stachytarpha zuccagni Roem. & Schult. = Stachytarpheta mutabilis var. violacea Moldenke Stachytarpheta gibberosa Reichenb. = S. dichotoma (Rufz & Pav.) Vahl Stachytarpheta glauca Walp. = S. glauca (Pohl) Schau. Stachytarpheta hirta H.B.K. = S. dichotoma (Rufz & Pav.) Vahl -- this is the corrected entry Stachytarpheta jamaicensis Gardn. = S. dichotoma (Ruiz & Pav.) Vahl — this is the corrected entry Stachytarpheta microphylla Walp. = S. sanguinea Mart. Stachytarpheta reticulata Mart. ex Schau. = S. reticulata Mart. Stachytarpheta rhomboidalis Walp. = S. rhomboidalis Schau. Stachytarpheta triphylla Walp. = S. rhomboidalis Schau. Stachytarpheta umbrosa H.B.K. = S, dichotoma (Rufz & Pav.) Vahl — this is the corrected entry 1977 Moldenke, Fifth Summary Supplement 7 Stigmatococca Mart. ex Mold. = Aegiphila Jacq. Stigmatococca Willd. = Ardisia Sw., Myrsinaceae Svngonanthus Ruhl. = Syngonanthus Ruhl. Syngonanthus rufoalbus rufoalbus Alv. Silv. = S. rufo-albus Alv. Silv. S onanthus rupprechtianus (Ktrn.) Ruhl. = Ss. ruprechtiams Ktrn.) Ruhl. — this is the corrected entry Syngonanthus umbellatus umbellatus var. brachyphylla Huber = S. umbellatus f. brachyphyllus yphyllus (Huber) Moldenke — this is the corrected entry Syngonanthus vernonioides Ruhl. = S. xeranthemoides var. vernon ioides (K Kunth) Moldenke Syngonanthus wahlbergii (Koern.) Ruhl. = S. wahlbergii (Wikstr. ) Ruhl. Tomonea verbenacea Sw. = Ghinia boxiana Moldenke Tonina guianensis uianensis Samuels = rma, © fluviatilis Aubl. Upata Upata Rheede ex Adans. = Avicennia Le Verbena a, Stachytarpheta Endl. = S tachytarpheta Vahl Verbena b. Bouchea Endl. = Bouchea Cham. Verbena bornariensis L. = V. bonariensis L. Verbena carolinensis etc. Dill. = V. carolina Lie Verbena carolinensis &c. &c. Dill. = V. carolina L. Verbena dermani Mold, = = xv. dermeni Moldenke Verbena disecta Willd. = Vv. dissecta Willd. Verbena gobiflora Ruiz & Pav. = Lippia alba var. globiflora (L'Hér.) Moldenke Verbena halii Small = V. halei Small Verbena jamaicensis St.-Hil. = Stachytarpheta dichotoma (Rufz & Pav.) Vahl Verbena littoralis var. albiflora Moldenke = V. litoralis var. albiflora Moldenke Verbena longifolia H -B.K. = V. longifolia Mart. & Gal. Verbena mexicana trachelii fol. &c. Dill. = Priva mexicana (L. ) Verbena xmoenchina Moldenke = xV. moechina Moldenke Verbena moranensis H.B.K. = V. elegans H.B.K. Verbena odorata J[uss.] = Lippia javanica (Burm. f.) Spreng. Verbena odorata Pers. = Lippia alba var. globiflora (L'Hér. ) Moldenke — this is the corrected entry Verbena paniculata # pinnatifida Lam. = V. hastata L. Verbena paniculata @ pinnatifida Schau. = = V. hasta hastata L. Verbena phlogiflora Q( vulgaris Cham. = ve. - phlogiflora Cham. Verbena phlogifloraQ vulgaris Schau. = Kp V. phlogiflora Cham. Verbena phlogiflora @ macilenta macilenta Cham. = V. = megapotanios Spreng. Verbena rigida var. glandulos andulos Moldenke = aie rigida var. glandu- lifera Moldenke -- this is the corrected ca Verbena rigida var. glandulosa Moldenke = V. rigida var. glandu- lifera Moldenke 48 PAH CPs OrLtOiGe Lak Vol, 36, Ho. Verbena stellarioides G decurrens Cham. = V. stellarioides Cham. Verbenaceae Auct. = Verbenaceae J. St.—Hil. Verbeneae Reich. = Verbenaceae J. St.-Hil. Verbeneae Schau. = Verbenaceae J. St.-Hil. Verbeneae [Labiatarum sectio] ex parte Reichenb. = Verbenaceae J. St.—Hil. Verbera Bert. = Verbena [Dorst.] L. Verbera diceras Bert. = Verbena sulphurea D. Don Vitex caribaea Hook. & Arn. = Vitis californica Benth., Vitaceae Vitex montevidensis ? parviflora ra Cham. = V. schaueriana Moldenke Vitex montevidensis Y parviflora Schau. = ay schaueriana Moldenke Vitex montevidensis multinervis Cham. = V. " megapotamica (Spreng .) ~~ Moldenke Vitex negundo Roxb. = V. negundo L. Vitex sellowiana @ parviflora Cham. = Vv. mexiae Moldenke Vitex sellowiana ® parviflora Schau. = =A mexiae Moldenke Vitex triflora Moldenke = V. triflora Vahl Vitex trifolia &c. Pluk. = V. trifolia L. Viticastrum ramosum Presl = - Sphenodesme racemosa (Presl) Moldenke Viticeae Schau. = Viticoideae Briq. Volkameria buchananii Roxb. = Clerodendrum buchanani (Roxb.) Walp. Volkameria foetida Hamilt. = Clerodendrum bungei Steud. Volkameria inermis L. f. = Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. Volkameria inermis e Ait. = Clerodendrum ligustrinum (Jacq.) R.Br. Zapania Juss. ex Steud. = Lippia Houst. Zapania Schau. = Lippia Houst. Zapania geminata (H.B.K.) Gibert = Lippia alba var. globiflora ees ) Moldenke -- this is the corrected entry Zapania hispida Zuccagni = Priva mexicana (L.) Pers. Zapania mexicana Lam. = Priva mexicana (L.) Pers. Zapania odorata Pers. = Lippia alba var. globiflora (L'Hér.) wee -- this is the corrected entry Zapania prismatica Poir. = Bouchea prismatica (L.) Kuntze Zappania odorata Pers. = Lippia alba alba var. globiflora (L'Hér.) Mol- denke * A few copies of the original (1971) work, 97) pp., are still available for $25 plus postage from Mrs. Alma L. Moldenke, 303 Parkside Road, Plainfield, New Jersey 07060, U.S.A. NOTES ON NEW AND NOTEWORTHY PLANTS. XCIX Harold N. Moldenke LANTANA TRIPLINERVIA f. ARMATA Moldenke, f. nov. Haec forma a forma typica speciei ramis crasse armatis spinis duris magnis arcte recurvatis et corollis aureo-flavis vel lila- cinis recedit. This form differs from the typical form of the species in its stems and branches being very coarsely and viciously armed with stout, thick, strongly recurved thorns in great profusion and in the corollas being either golden-yellow, the throat ringed with light-orange, or the tube and limb lilac, the throat ringed with vermillion. The type of this form was collected by George Eiten and W. D. Clayton (no. 619) in tall grass of low secondary forest between the road and a nearby creek 1.3 km. southeast of the center of the city of Pariquera-agu on the road to Iguape, 24°)3' S., 47°52 1/2! W., at 50 meters altitude, in the Municipio de Pariquera-agu, S%o Paulo, Brazil, on February 18, 1965, and is deposited in the United States National Herbarium in Washington. The collectors report the common name, "ribeir&o turvo". LEIOTHRIX RUFULA var. BREVIPES Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei pedunculis maturis ca. 3 cm. longis recedit. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its mature peduncles during anthesis and fruit only about 3 cm. long. The type of the variety was collected by Alberto Castellanos (no. 25666) at Abr. Rebougas, Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, at 2350 meters altitude, on December 3, 196, and is deposited in my personal herbarium. PAEPALANTHUS GUARAIENSIS Moldenke, sp. nov. Herba parva caulescens; caule ca. 2 cm. longo dense folioso; foliis parvis linearibus 5--8 mm. longis recurvatis dense villosu- lis acutis; pedunculis filiformibus )—6 cm. longis obscure pilosulo-puberulis 3-sulcatis solitariis vel paucis; capitulis hemisphaericis vel in maturitate globosis griseis ca. 2 m, latis. Small herb; stems short, erect, ca. 2 cm. long, densely foliose; lower leaves densely appressed to the stems and closely imbricate, about 5 mm. long and 1 mm. wide, pilose, the upper ones spreading- recurved, linear, 5--8 mm. long, acute, densely whitish-villosulous; peduncles 1 or 2 at the apex of the stem, erect, filiform, 4—6 m. long, pilosulous-puberulent, very obscurely so in age, 3-sulcate, twisted; heads small, at first hemispheric, later globose, grayish, about 2 mm. wide; involucral bractlets oblanceolate-elliptic, stram- ineous, 0.5--0.8 mm. long, subacute apically, densely barbate at the 9 50 Peni TO LEOrGs bas Vo... 36,, nos = WE \ \\ }} | \\) is. | Ani | y y \WK WH Fig. 1. Paepalanthus guaraiensis Moldenke L977 Moldenke, New & noteworthy plants 51 apex; receptacular bractlets blackish, rather broadly obovate or oblanceolate, ca. 1 mm. long and 0.6 mm. wide, densely white- barbate at the apex; for floral characters see illustration, Fig. 1: A - Habit; B - Sheath; C - Receptacular bractlet; D - Involu- cral bractlet; E - Staminate floret; F - Staminate sepal; G - Staminate floret with sepals removed; H - Pistillate calyx; J - Pistillate sepals; K - Pistillate floret with one petal removed; L - Pistillate petal; M - Ovary. Drawing by Haruto Fukuda. The type of the species was collected by Gert Hatschbach and R. Kummrow (no. 38508) in "dos roched8es de arenito, nas anfrac- tuosidades, Rod. Belem - Brasilia, mun. Guarai", Goids, Brazil, on March 30, 1976, and is deposited in my personal herbarium. PAEPALANTHUS TORTILIS var. GLABERRIMUS Mart. & Moldenke, var.nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei foliis vaginisque gla- berrimis recedit. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its leaves and sheaths completely glabrous. The type of the variety is Herb. Martius 551 from the Serra da Brocca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, collected in July, 1839, and deposited in the herbarium of Columbia University. It was orig- inally determined and distributed by Martius as Eriocaulon tortile var. glaberrimum, but this name appears to be a cheiro- nym. SYNGONANTHUS YAPACANENSIS var. HIRSUTUS Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei pedunculis densissime longeque hirsutis recedit. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in its peduncles during anthesis being very densely long=—hirsute with ascending, shaggy, grayish hairs. The variety is based on A. Gentry & S. Tillett 10869, col- lected in thickets and forest, mostly on white sand, at 110 m. altitude, on the road from San Fernando de Atabapo to Santa Bar- bara 12—-),0 km. from San Fernando, Amazonas, Venezuela, on March 24, 1974, and is deposited in my personal herbarium. VERBENA DEMISSA f. ALBA Moldenke, f. nov. Haec forma a forma typica speciei corollis albis recedit. This form differs from the typical form of the species in having white corollas. The type of the form was collected by Santiago Lépez—Palacios (no. 4200) in the Cr4ter del Pululagua, La Reventazén, Pichincha, Ecuador, at 2100 meters altitude, on January 23, 1977, and is deposited in my personal herbarium. The collector notes: "Hierba rastrera. Espigas por lo general simples. Flores blancas." VERBENA LITORALIS f. MAGNIFOLIA Moldenke, f. nov. Haec forma a forma typica speciei foliis multo maioribus lan- inis usque 15 cm. longis 8 cm. latis recedit. 52 PIE) YersOwLvovG ia Vol. 36, no. 1 This form differs from the typical form of the species in its much larger leaves, which may be up to 15 cm. long and 8 cm. wide, coarsely and somewhat irregularly serrate-dentate along the mar— gins, some of the larger teeth being bidentate. The type of the form was collected by Santiago Lépez—Palacios (no. 188) at Tena, Napo, Ecuador, at 500 meters altitude, on January 11, 1977, and is deposited in my personal herbarium. The collector notes: "Hierba de 1—-1.2 m. Fils. blanco-morado my pequefias, espigas my delgadas y alargadas". VERBENA PARVULA var. OBOVATA Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typical speciei laminis foliorum obova- tis recedit. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its leaf-blades mostly more or less obovate. The type of the variety was collected by Santiago Lépez—Palacios (no. 4250) at Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador, at an altitude of 2800 meters, on February 6, 1977, and is deposited in my personal her- barium. The collector notes: "Hierba decumbente, espigas cilfin- dricas, en su mayorfa de a 3, fls. moradas. Hojas algo obovadas." ABGIPHILA LOPEZ=PALACII Moldenke, sp. nov. Arbor ramis ramulisque crassis valde medullosis obtuse tetrag- onis dense pulverulento-puberulis valde lenticillatis; foliis permagnis oppositis obovatis ca. 35—-0 cm. longis 1l--19 cm. la- tis subcoriaceous in siccitate brunneis ad apicem rotundatis ad basin acutis integris utrinque minuteque pulverulento—puberulis; venis crassis perspicuis, secundariis multis rectis; inflorescen- tiis axillaribus glomeratis miltifloris perspicue bracteolatis; bracteolis linearibus elongatis. Tree, 4--10 m. tall or even taller; branches and branchlets very stout and medullose, obtusely tetragonal, somewhat decus— sately flattened, conspicuously elevated-lenticellate, densely pulverulent-puberulent; leaves decussate-opoosite, very large, coriaceous, brunnescent in drying; petioles very stout, 3--l) cm. long, densely pulverulent-puberulent, flattened above; leaf- blades obovate, very large, 35--l\0 cm. long, 1l--19 cm. wide, rounded apically, entire-margined, rather abruptly acute basally, minutely pulverulent—puberulent on both surfaces under a hand= lens, the venation coarse and conspicuous; midrib very stout, rounded-elevated beneath, densely pulverulent—puberulent; sec- ondaries very numerous, 15 or more per side, mostly rather straight and parallel, extending almost to the margins at right angles from the midrib, prominent beneath, flattened above; veinlet reticulation rather abundant, prominulous beneath, incon- spicuous above; inflorescence axillary, glomerate, sessile, many- flowered, conspicuously many-bracteolate; bractlets linear, about 2 cm. long and 1 mm, wide, twisted, pulverulent-puberulent; calyx campanulate-obconic, about 9 mm. long, 6 mm. wide at the apex, densely puberulent, the rim mostly irregularly 2-lipped; corolla not well preserved, apparently hypocrateriform, the tube very slen- 1977 Moldenke, New & noteworthy plants 53 der, included by the calyx, the lobes spreading, ca. 3 mm. long; stamens exserted from the corolla-tube, apparently equaling the lobes in length. The type of this most remarkable species was collected by my good friend and colleague, Santiago Lépez—Palacios (no. 237) — in whose honor I am pleased to name it in small recognition of the very important and careful field work which he is conducting in this most difficult and perplexing group of plants —- at Cam pamento San José, beyond Los Bancos, at 2200 meters altitude, Pi- chincha, Ecuador, on February ), 1977, and is deposited in my personal herbarium. The collector notes: "Arbol de unos m (existen ejemplares mayores de 10 m), con cAlices secos en in- florescencias glomeradas sésiles." AEGIPHILA LOPEZ-PALACII var. PUBESCENS Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei laminis foliorum subtus dense subtomentello-pubescentibus recedit. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having the lower surface of the leaf-blades densely subtomentel- lous=pubescent. The type of the variety was collected by Santiago Lépez- Palacios (no. 4201) in the Crater del Pululagua, La Reventazé6n, at 2100 meters altitude, Pichincha, Ecuador, on January 23, 1977, and is deposited in my personal herbarium. The collector notes: "Arbolito en crecimiento de 2—— m. en lugares himedos y sombre- ados; esteril". AEGIPHILA INTEGRIFOLIA var. LOPEZ-PALACII Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei laminis foliorum distinc- te serrulatis recedit. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having the margins of its leaf-blades distinctly serrulate. The type of the variety was collected by Santiago Lépez- Palacios (no. 4257) at Tena, Rio Uglo, Napo, Ecuador, at 500 m. altitude, on February 10, 1977, and is deposited in my personal herbarium. The collector notes: "Arbolito 2-5 m. Hojas ancha- mente elfpticas, claramente aserradas, cimas axilares multiflo- ras. CAliz verde, h-lobado, de unas 7 mm. Corola blanca, tubo delgado de 1 cm. de largo, lobulos extendidos de unos 12 mm. de didmetro." ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE ERIOCAULACEAE. LXXI Harold N. Moldenke SYNGONANTHUS FLAVIDULUS (Michx.) Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Britton & Br., Illustr. Fl., ed. 2, imp. 3, 1: 455 & 680, fig. 1144. 1936; Moldenke, N. Am. Fl. 19: 3 & hh. 1937; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 336 & 343=-=3h4. 1939; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 2, 145. 1941; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 2: 426. 191; Britton & Br., Illustr. Fl., ed. 2, imp. h, 1: 455 & 680, fig. 114). 1943; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 2, 1: 878 & 879 (1946) and imp. 2, 2: 02. 1963 Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 1: 17, 31, 35, 38, 42, 43, 45, 63, 90, 98, 99, 138 1hO, 152, 153, 16h, 169, 191, 221, 23h, 257, 275, 276, 283, 206, 290, & 292—-295. 196; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 2, 3, 29, 34, HO, 48, & 58. 1946; Britton & Br., Illustr. Fl., ed. 2, imp. 5, 1: 455 & 680, fig. 1144. 1947; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 350 (1947) and 2: 96. 1948; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 2: 377, 113, 60, 4,70, 4,80, 50h, 507, 508, 511—513, 52h, 5u5, 55h, 572, 583, 617, 630, 639, & 61 (1948), 3: 660, 675, 697, 721, 725, 736, Thi, 7h2, 756, 759, 760, 772, 77h, 776-778, 787, 790, 806, 813, 822, 835, 841, 842, 850, 851, 895, 899, 917, 931, 937, 90, 943, 946, & 958 (1949), and hz 1001, 1003, 1112, 1128, 1132, 1164, 1176, 1177, 1181, 1191, 1192, 1201, 120), 1216, 1221, 1222, 1227, 121, 1252, 1288, 1289, & 1292. 199; E. D. Merr., Ind. Rafin. 82. 199; Mol- denke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 7, 8, 10, 11, & 213. 1949; Gleason, New Britton & Br. Illustr. Fl., imp. 1, 1: 372 & 481 (1952) and imp. 1, 3: 585 & 591. 19523 Moldenke, Phytologia lh: 313--316. 1953; Thorne, Am. Midl. Nat. 52: 282. 19543 Core, Pl. Tax. 268. 1955; Gleason, New Britt. & Br. Illustr. Fl., imp. 2, 1: 372 & 418 (1958) and imp. 2, 3: 585 & 591. 1958; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 3, 145. 19593 Moldenke, Résumé 10, 11, 13, Us, 280, 282, 288, 292, 302, 325, hih, & 491. 1959; Moldenke, Ré- sumé Suppl. 1: 2 & 16. 19593 Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 3, 1: 878 & 879 (1960) and imp. 3, 2: 402. 1960; Mol- denke, Résumé Suppl. 3: 3, 31, & 35 (1962), kh: [1]--3 (1962), 5: (1962), and 6: 10. 1963; Gleason, New britt. & Br. Illustr. Fl., imp. 3, 1: 372 & 481 (1963) and imp. 3, 3: 585 & 591. 1963; Rad- ford, Ahles, & Bell, Guide Vasc. Fl. Carol. 106 & 107. 196h; Thanikaimoni, Pollen & Spores 7: 183 & 187, tab. 1. 1965; Kral, Sida 2: 327--332. 1966; Shinners, Sida 2: 1 & 7. 1966; Grim, Recog. Flow. Wild Pl. 36. 1968; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: [1] & 25 (1968) and 17: [1] & 9. 1968; Rickett, Wild Fls. U.S. 2 (iz [85] & 135, pl. 27 (1968) and 2 (2): 67h. 1968; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 18: [1] & 13. 1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 18: 80, 369, 370, 379, & 380 (1969) and 19: 28 & 75. 1969; Tomlinson in C. R. Met- calfe, Anat. Monocot. 3: 149, 156, 157, 161, 162, 168, 169, 172, 175, 182-186, 190, & 191, fig. 33 H, I, & K, 35 I, & 39 A—D. 1969; Britton & Br., Illustr. Fl., ed. 2, imp. 6, 1: 455 & 680, fig. 11h. 1970; Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 41, 2, 52, & h2h. 1970; 54 ine) 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 55 S. E1l., Sketch Bot., imp. 3, 2: 566—567 & 728. 1971; Long & La- kela, Fl. Trop. Fla., ed. 1, 259, 262, 930, & 958. 1971; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 23, 25, 26, 30, 32, 481, & 487 (1971) and 2: 96, 500, 513, 53h, 578, 583, 593, 636, 76, & 962. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 25: 125 & 225 (1973), 26: 17, 27, & 179 (1973), and 29: 204. 19743 Michx., Fl. Bor.-Am., imp. 2, 2 |Ewan, Class. Bot. Am. 3]: 166. 197k; Moldenke, Phytologia 31: 375 (1975) and 3h: 28, 277, & 486. 1976; Lakela, Long, Fleming, & Genelle, Pl. Tampa Bay, ed. 3 [Bot. Lab. Univ. S. Fla. Contrib. 73:] 39 & 180. 1976; Long & Lakela, Fl. Trop. Fla., ed. 2, 259, 262, 930, & 958. 1976; Mol- denke, Phytologia 35: 30h, 313, 346, 347, & 4S7--l58. 1977. Additional & emended illustrations: Britton & Br., Dllustr. Fl., ed. 1, 1: 373, fig. 902 (1896), ed. 2, imp. 1, 1: 455, fig. hy (1913), and ed. 2, imp. 2, 1: 455, fic. lbh. 1923; M. F. Baker, Fla. Wild Fls. 122. 1926; J. K. Small, Man. Southeast. Fl. 257. 1933; Britton & Br., Illustr. Fl., ed. 2, imp. 3, 1: 55, fig. Uhh (1936), ed. 2, imp. h, 1: 455, fig. hh (1943), and ed. 2, imp. 5, 1: hes, fig. 114. 1947; Thanikaimoni, Pollen & Spores 7: 183, tab. 1. 1965; Kral, Sida 2: 328. 1966; Rickett, Wild Fls. U. S. 2 (1): [85] (in color). 1968; Tomlinson in C. R. Metcalfe, Anat. Monocot. 3: 156, 168, & 182, fe, 32 By Toe Ry 35. T,°e39 A—D. 1969; Britton & Br., Illustr. Fl., ed. 2, imp. 6, 1: 455, fig. 11h). 1970. Recent collectors describe this plant as a low herb, clump= forming or solitary, the leaves dense, recurved, rosette-forming, flattened against the substratum, with hairs tending to be pustu- late-based, at least some of those on the upper portions of the peduncles clavate or gland-tipped, the flowers white, and the bracts straw-colored and shiny. D'Arcy refers to the heads as "bright white", but to me in the field they have usually had a yellowish cast. Collectors have found the species growing in bogs, roadside swales, longleaf pine sandhill bogs and bog margins, clearings in longleaf pine - saw palmetto flats, and sandy arid pinelands, in open pine-palmetto forests, hillside bogs, cleared pinelands, railroad ditches, and low areas in sandhills, in sandy prairies, clearings in pine flatwoods, moist ground of pinelands, white sand scrub, roadside ditches, and moist broad shallow sandy-peaty ditches, under Taxodium in moist sedge associations, at pond edges, in wet sandy peat in bogs in longleaf pine - saw palmetto flatwoods, pine flatwoods ditches, moist areas in pineland bogs, and slash pine — saw palmetto flatwoods, in damp white sand along the borders of shallow ponds in sand barrens, in low and moist pinelands, low scrubland, sandy openings in scrub, boggy areas, and the sandy open scrub-covered edge of pinelands, at the edges of cutover pinewoods, in sandy or sandy-peaty soil, in the high pine borders of swamps, on the shores of sinkhole lakes, at the edge of cypress ponds and ponds with surrounding shrubbery, in the sandhills bordering bogs, in clearings in shrub bogs, and in sandy peat of seepage from hillside bogs, by ponds in pond cypress flat- woods, and in hammocks with Asimina, Blechmum, and Nephrolepis. 56 PenoYcTsO;L0. Geirk Vol, 36, now D'Arcy reports it "frequent in wet grassy ditches" in Florida, Wentz found it "common at edge of beach of 5=acre pond" and Tom- linson found it "abundant in sandy prairie and cutover pineland, forming dense tufts in drier areas" in the same state, but Myint refers to it as "occasional along streams and in grassy pinelands" It has been found in flower from March to July and in fruit in March, April, June, and July. Lakela and her associates (1976) aver that it flowers in the "summer", Thorne (195),) refers to the species as "rare", Radford and his associates (196) also report it as "rare" [in the Carolinas] in bogs, savannas, and low pinelands in Bladen, Brunswick, New Hano— ver, and Sampson Counties, North Carolina. Harper (1906) records it from Appling, Berrien, Coffee, Colquitt, Decatur, Dodge, Dooly, Enamel, Irwin, Montgomery, Tattnall, Telfair, and Wilcox Counties, Georgia. The Masseys found it "abundant on low roadsides with Eriocaulon" in North Carolina. In some recent floras it is listed as occurring in Virginia, but as yet I have seen no material to substantiate this claim. Ruhland (1930) makes the remarkable as- sertion that its natural distribution is "an Flussufern von Penn- sylvania bis Karolina" -- what the basis is of his Pennsylvania "record" is unknown to me. There is nothing in the Berlin her- barium of this species from Pennsylvania or Virginia. Certain species of Eriocaulon have also been reported from Pennsylvania, perhaps on the basis of unlabeled specimens in the Schweinitz herbarium. Common names for Syngonanthus flavidulus are "bantum buttons", "bog=-buttons", "dupatya", "shoe buttons", "shoe—buttons", and "yellow pipewort",. The specific initial letter is sometimes uppercased for no valid reason. The Eriocaulon caespitosum of Cabanis, listed in the synonymy, is based on a specimen in the Berlin herbarium from Ebenezer, Mississippi, inscribed "Eriocaulon caespitosum mihi, Restiaceae". The E. caespitosum of Poeppig, however, is a synonym of Paepalal Paepalanthus bifidus bifidus (Schrad.) Kunth, while E. caespitosum Wikstr. is now known as Syngonanthus caespitosus s (Wikstr.) Ruhl. Rafinesque (180) described his Eriocaulon flavidulum var. ciner- eum from "Florida, Alabama, leaves broadly subulate 2 inches, scape 3 to h, fis. dark gray, bracts greenish". Kunth (181) drew up his description of S. flavidulus from a specimen in the Berlin herbarium labeled as from Palisot de Beauvois and originally from North America. He says "Descr. juxta specimen a Belvisio sub nomine Eriocauli setacei acceptum". He also asserts that his Paepalanthus nardifolius (now known as Syngonanthus fischeriams) of Brazil is "P. flavidulo proxima affinis, differt foliis angus- tioribus et rigidioribus, vaginis longioribus, sepalis masculis exterioribus angustato-acutatis, glabris". Morong (1891) speaks of K&rnicke's critical examination of the plants originally called Eriocaulon flavidulum by early writers on the American flora: "KUrnicke (Linnaea, 27, 590) under the name Eriocaulon flavidulum, Mx., following Pursh (El. 1, 92) and Elli- 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 57 ott (Bot. ii, 566), states that two plants have been sent from North America under this name and that he regards Kunth's P. flavidulus as something distinct from the plant of Michaux. That which he describes is undoubtedly something distinct and is clear- ly an Eriocaulon, but, so far as I can judge, it corresponds very nearly, if not quite, to E. articulatum [now known as E. pelluci- dum]. The plant of Elliott is also, I think, that species. Michaux distinctly calls his species puberulent and the scapes ag- gregated and five striate, while his other characters correspond very well with our plant. There is not, so far as ascertained, any other in the habitat given by him, 'Carolina', that bears such characters." The Miler (1860) work listed in the bibliography of S. flavid- ulus is sometimes cited as "1858", but actually was not published until 1860 -—- pages 1--160 were issued in 1858, pages 161-60 in 1859, and pages 641—966 in 1860. The Holm (1901) work is some- times erroneously cited as "190", The right-hand color illustra- tion given by Rickett (1968) is most misleading because the flower-heads seem to be bluish-tinted when actually they are yellow- ish straw-color. Grimm (1968) describes S. flavidulus: "Its straw-colored flower heads are on naked stalks to 12 inches tall and arise from a cluster of short, awl-like leaves which are woolly at the base. It grows in wet pinelands and bogs of the coastal plain from N. C. south to Fla. and Ala., blooming May to October". Kral (1966) tells us that "Characteristics which distinguish this species from other Eriocaul- aceous plants of the United States and Canada are as follows: l. Roots unbranched, spongy-thickened, non-septate....this in contrast to roots branched and slender-fibrous in Lachnocaulon and roots thickened=-septate in Eriocaulon. 2. Leaves of the rosette very copious, very narrowly linear, and definitely recurved to flatten against the substratum.....this in contrast to ascending-spreading leaf habit of sympatric Eriocaulaceae. 3. Trichomes of the leaves tending to be pustular based, a characteristic not found on sympat- ric Eriocaulaceae; at least some of the trichomes of the upper scape clavate or glandular-tipped. . Both sets of perianth parts present, the flowers seemingly actinomorphic....this in contrast to Lachnocaulon, in which only one set of parts is present or Erio- caulon, in which zygomorphy is apparent." Material of Syngonanthus flavidulus has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as Eriocaulon sp., E. lineare Small, E. parkeri B. L. Robinson, E. septangulare With., E. setaceum L., Lachnocaulon sp., L. anceps (Walt.) Morong, L. glabrum Ktrn., and L. michauxii Kunth. On the other hand, the A. Ruth s.n. [Jesup, June 1893], distrib- uted as S. flavidulus, is actually Eriocaulon compressum Lam., while the Bernhardi s.n. [Philadelphia] is E. parkeri B. L. Robin- son [as is also the "E. flavidulum Michx." recognized by Ruhland in his monograph (1903) as distinct from Syngonanthus flavidulus Vol. 36, no. 1 Pe XE Dud» Ty'O 16> Tew 58 Distribution of (mapping by Andrew R. Moldenke) KEYED TO COLUMN A of Cleartype index Book CLEARTYPE. © | TRADE MARK REG. U.S. PAT. OFF COUNTY OUTLINE UNITED STATES Scale of Miles conymanr A AMERICAN MAP COMPANY, INC. ORIGINATORS ; CLEARTYPE MAPS eee NEW YORK \v Copytight, American Map Co. Inc., New York, No. 14324 Syngonanthus flavidulus 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 59 (Michx.) Ruhl. he G. Le. Fisher sn. {[Mobile, May 12, 1928], Herb. Umbach 10992, Lighthipe 173, | 173, and Perdue 1765 are Eananeten ta) anceps (Walt.) Morong, and J. Kohimeyer 203) 2034 is L. mims (Chapm.) Small. R. uM Harper 1608 is a mixture of fs. flavidulus and Eriocaulon lineare Small, Schallert 16912 i is a mixture with Lachnocaulon anceps, Meabold 28099 is a a mixture with Lachnocaulon glabrum, and Dress & Read 7495 is a mixture with Xyris sp. Additional citations: NORTH CAROLINA: Brunswick Co.: Massey & Massey 328 (Mi, N). Sampson Co.: Ahles & Laing 21,651 (Hi— 97139). County undetermined: We Bennett 117/73 (Jampon Beach] (Hm). SOUTH CAROLINA: Berkeley | Co.: Rav Ravenel s.n. [Santee Canal, Auh.] (Ms--15488). GEORGIA: Berrien Co.: R. Kral 2254 (N). Brantley Co.: Kuns 99 (Ws). Brooks Co.: R. Kral 28693 (W-- 2673941). Clinch Co.: R. Kral 2288 (N); A. R. Moldenke 332 (Fg). Early Co.: R.F. “Thorne 4963 (Ca—906387, N). Effingham Co.: R. Kral 2103 (N)« Irwin Co.: R. Kral 27121 (W—2673951). Jeff Davis © Co.t A. R. Moldenke 350 (Z). Lanier Co.: R. Kral 24265 (N). Liberty Coe: R. Kral 2217 (N). Lowndes Co.: R. Me Harper 1608, in part (W—I31916); ALR A. R. Moldenke 31h (Fg, S). Miller Co.: R. F. Thorne 19) (Vi). paren Co.t Re R. Kral 21h9 (N). Screven Co.: °R. Kr Kral 1 2028 (N), 24051 (N). “Tattnall Co.: Ahles fe Mueller 51,172 (Hi--202837). Ware Co.: R. Kral 25307 (N); Kuns ) (Ws, Ws); A. R. Moldenke 340 (Fg). Wayne Co.: R. Kral 2u18h (N), 24198 (N); A - E. Radford 7968 (Hi--129168) , 197. TL (Hi 572h7). FLORIDA: Baker | Cait “West & & Arnold s.n. isacp 25 Apr. 190] (Ca—81820). Bay Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 26700 (Ac). Clay Co.s W. M. Canby s.n. [Hibernia, March 1869] (Ca--l05217, Dt). Collier Co.: Atwater M.210 (Hi--182373) ; guts 10425 (Ld); Mee- (Ft—276, Ft, ae Ce Co.: Clausen & Trapido 3290 (Ca—8)1822) 5 Curtiss 3020 (Ms--15491, Mu, S), 4140 (Ca—58580), 4786 (Ca— 115159, Mm--7948), s.n. [May 1875] (Ms--15),89, N); Faxon s.n. [Jacksonville, Mch. 1873] (Ws); Moldenke & Moldenke 26434 (Ld) . Franklin Co.: Hunnewell 13208 (Ws); Moldenke & Moldenke nke 26627 (Ac), 26646 (Ld, Ws); A. Wood A. Wood s.n. [Apalachicola] (Ws) . Gilchrist Co.: D'Arcy 1508 (Sd—86713); A. E. Radford 8324 (Hi—1291)6). Gulf Co.: Godfrey & Triplett 59789 (Hi—156875) « Highlands Co.: McFar- lin 4340 (Mi); Small & DeWinkeler 9966 (S). Hillsborough Co. Dress & Hansen 991 (Ba); Pollard s.n. [Tampa, March 7, 1898] (W-- 328233). Lake Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 26492 (Ba); G. vy. Nash 143 (Ca—115160, Mm—7917). Lee Co.: Craighead s.n. (28 April 1967] _ (Ft—131L7) ; H. N. Moldenke 688 (S); Seibert 1371 (Ca--2615h). Leon Co. Godfrey y 62901 (Bl 1199118, N). Levy Co.: Cooley, Wood, & Wilson 598 (Hi—-193977, N). oa Co.: A. R. Moldenke 282 (Fg), 284 (Fg). Manatee Co.: Friell s.n. [April 9, 1969] (Lc); 60 Pry, Te Op LO Ge Dek Vol. 36, no. 1 . W. Hill sen. [4/9/1969] (Le); S. M. Tracy 6643 (Ca--181779, Mi, = Marion Co. Dress & Hansen 2013 . (Ba). Nassau Co.: A. Ruth sen, (March 1893] (Se--96013). Okaloosa Co.: Godfrey 56719 (Ca— 112565, N). Orange Co.: F. S. Blanton 6491 (Mi, N); Moldenke & Moldenke 26548 (Ac); P. C. , Schallert Jiert 6116 16 (Go); Wentz 62 (Mi) Osceola Co.: A A. A. Eaton . 1060 (Ld); yint 964, (N); P. P.O. 0. Schallert 16312 (S), 16912, in part (Ut--89890b). Palm Beach Co.: W. B. Fox Soe ae ainaiay pea Beach, April 2, 1945] (Ws). Pinellas Co.: Me S. Bebb s.n, [Clearwater, 189)1] (0k); Genelle & Fleming 1)3 (N). ~ Polk Coe? Goodale sen. [Conine, 9 April 1933] 1933] (Ms—69826); Meebold 28099, in part part (Mu); M Milligan s.n. [May 1890] (W--503998); P. 0. Schallert 6116, in part (Ok), sen. [May 2, 1941] (Ca--8)1821); Topping 2609 (fi). Putnam Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 29829 (Ac, Ld). Saint Johns Co.: Hunnewell 8656 (Ws); Owen s.n. [St. Aug Augustine, May 1878] (Ca— 67949); M. C. Reynolds s.n. . [Mar .—-July 1875] (Ca—2l26). Santa Rosa Co.: | A. on. Moldenke e 267 (Fg). Sarasota Co.: R. Kral 2121 (Ms- 4h937). Seminole Co.: Cooley, Eaton, & Ray 7407 (i-—20702) Foster, Smith, & Smith s.n. [Pl. Exsicc. Gray. 1334] (B, Ba, Bl-- 72361, Ca—T711066, Gg--33352h, Hi, N, Ok, S, St, Ut--889b, Vi, Ws); P. 0. Schallert 6116, in part (Je--8761, Mu, Ws). Volusia Co.: He Ci. Beardslee S$.n. anew Smyrna, March 1925] (Ca--8)182))) « Wakulla Co.: Godfrey 53293 (Hi—157562, N); N. C. Henderson 64-2h4 (Bl— 208900); Moldenke & Moldenke 29392 (Ac, “Gz, Kh, La, Tu). 1 Walton Co.: A. Re Moldenke 269 (Fg). County aiaeterninedt A. W. Chapman gon. (Ws) 5 Herb. Amherst Coll. s.n. [East Florida] (Ms—-151,90) 5 Herb. Chapman s.n. [Fla.] (Ok). “Marco Isl.: Silverstone 24 (Ws). Pine Isl.: Lakela, Long, & Broome 30560 (N); H. Ne Moldenke 9hO ae ALABAMA : MA: Baldwin Co.: “Dress & & Read TH95, in part Lae tae — (Hi), San. [July 1882] (Hi); W. Wolf sun. - [Elberta, Aug. 21, 1925] (Ca—8),1823) . Mobile Co.: F. We “Pennell ell 4509 {Herb. preiighash 190] (Mi). MISSISSIPPI: Holmes Co.: Cabanis s.n. [Ebenezer] (B). NORTH AMERICA: Locality undetermined: Palisot de de Beauvois SMe (B). LOCALITY OF COLLECTION UNDETERMINED: Curtiss s.n. [Southern States, 1875] (Ws); Sprengel s.n. (B). MOUNTED NITED ILLUSTRATIONS: floral diagrams by K8rnicke & Kunth (B). SYNGONANTHUS FLAVIPES Moldenke, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 8: 100—— TOL. 1953. Bibliography: Moldenke, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 8: 100—101. 1953; NVoldenke, Phytologia h: 316. 1963; Moldenke, Résumé 73 & 491. 1959; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 12: 138. 1959; Moldenke, Fifth Summ, 1: 127 (1971) and 2: 952. 1971. The type of this species was collected by B. Maguire, R. S. Cowan, & J. J. Wurdack (no. 30165) in wet places on Savanna No. 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 61 III, at 125 meters altitude, Cerro Yapacana on the Rfo Orinoco, . Amazonas, Venezuela, on December 31, 1950, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. Other collec- tors report it "locally frequent" or "locally abundant” at alti- tudes of 100--125 meters, referring to its "shining leaves", and found it in flower in December and in fruit in June. Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Wurdack & Adderley 42860 (N, S). Bolfvar: Wurdack & Monachino 3993 (N, S). SYNGONANTHUS FLEXUOSUS Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 393-395, pl. 252. 1928. Bibliography: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 393--395 & 417, pl. 202. 1928; Wangerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 57 (1): 78. 1937; Fedde in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 57 (2): 895. 1938; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 271. 1938; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 2: 26. 191; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 18 & 58. 196; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 91 & 213. 199; Moldenke, Résumé 107 & 491. 1959; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 173 (1971) and 2: 962. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 35: 350. 1977. Illustrations: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: pl. 202. 1928. The type of this species was collected by Dr. Joaquim Gomes Michaeli [Herb. A. Silveira 655] "In campis prope Barauna", Minas Gerais, Brazil, in April, 1918, and is deposited in the Silveira Herbarium. On page 17 of his work (1928) Silveira gives "Barau- nas" as the type locality. Elsewhere he comments that the "Spe- cies S. squarroso Ruhl. proxima, sed foliis pubescentibus facile distinguitur". It also closely resembles S. glaber Alv. Silv. in general habital aspect. Silveira, in his text, refers to "Tabula CCLIII" as illustra- ting S. flexuosus, but the actual illustration is labeled "TABULA CCLII". Thus far the species is known only from the original col- lection. SYNGONANTHUS FUSCESCENS Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 29. 1903. Bibliography: Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 2h) 29, & 293. 1903; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 175. 1908; Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 417. 1928; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 18 & 58. 1946; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 91 & 213. 199; Yoldenke, Phytologia : 316. 1963; Moldenke, Résu- mé 107 & 91. 1959; Moldenke, Fifth Sum. 1: 173 (1971) and 2: 962. 1971. This species is based on Sena s.n. [Herb. Schwacke 11569] from the Serra do Cipé, Minas Gerais, Brazil, deposited in the Berlin herbarium where it was photographed by Macbride as his type photo- graph number 10685. Hatschbach encountered the species on rocky campos and in "solo arenoso do campo, junta a afloramentos rochos- os", at 1200 meters altitude, flowering in August and September and fruiting in September. Silveira (1928) cites A. Silveira 517 from the Serra do Riacho do Vento, collected in 1908. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Hatschbach 2728 (Z), 62 PsA Ay O's O4G craw Vol. 36, no. 1 3021) (Ld); Sena s.n. [Herb. Schwacke 1569; Macbride photos 10685] (B-type, N—photo of type, W--photo of type, Z--isotype). SYNGONANTHUS GARIMPENSIS Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 317--319, pl. 201 & 202. 1928. Bibliography: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 317-319 & 417, pl. 201 & 202. 1928; Wangerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 57 (1): 78. 19375 Fedde in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 57 (2): 895. 1938; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 271. 1938; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 2: 426. 19h]; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 18 & 58. 196; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 91 & 213. 199; Moldenke, Résumé 107 & 91. 1959; Moldenke, Fifth Sum, 1: 173 (1971) and 2: 962. 1971. Illustrations: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: pl. 201 & 202. 1928, This species is based on A. Silveira 5u3 from "In campis areno- sis in Serra do Garimpo, inter Caeté et Santa Barbara", Minas Ger- ais, Brazil, collected in April, 1909, and deposited in the Sil- veira Herbarium. Silveira (1928) notes that the species "Ab af- finibus indumento foliorum facile distinguitur". Thus far it is known only from the original collection. SYNGONANTHUS GLABER Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 388—390, pl. 28. 1928. Bibliography: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 388--390 & 417, pl. 28. 1928; Wangerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 57 (1): 478. 19373 Fedde in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 57 (2): 895. 1938; A.W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 271. 1938; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 2: 26. 19]; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 18 & 58. 1916; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 91 & 213. 199; Molden- ke, Résumé 107 & 491. 1959; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 173 (1971) and 2: 962. 1971. Illustrations: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: pl. 248. 1928. This species is based on A, Silveira 788 from "In campis prope Milho Verde, inter Serro et Diamantina, in Serra Geral", Minas Ger- ais, Brazil, collected in 1925, and deposited in the Silveira Her- barium. Silveira (1928) comments that the "Species ob magnitudinem foliorum pedunculorumque a S. squarroso Ruhl. proximo praecipue differt". It should be noted that in his text he refers to "Tabula CCXLIX" as illustrative of this species, but the actual plate is labeled “TABULA CCXLVIII". The species also resembles S. flexuo= sus Alv. Silv. in general habit. Thus far it is known only from the original collection. senor eae aan Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 321--322, pl. 20h. 1928. Bibliography: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 321—322, pl. 20h. 1928; Wangerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 57 (1): 78. 1937; Fedde in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 57 (2): 895. 1938; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 271. 1938; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 2: 26. 191; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 18 & 58. 196; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 2: 12 (1948) and 3: 935. 19493; Moldenke, Known 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 63 Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 91 & 213. 19495 Moldenke, Phy- tologia 4: 316. 1953; Mendes Magalh%es, Anais V Reun. Amual Soc. Bot. Bras. 236--237. 1956; Moldenke, Résumé 107 & 91. 19595; Ren- né, Levant. Herb. Inst. Agron. Minas 71. 1960; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 173 (1971) and 2: 962. 1971. Illustrations: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: pl. 20). 1928. This species is based on A. Silveira Sug from "In campis in Serra do Cip6, locis arenosis....Apr. 1909, in campis prope Itambé do Serro.....Apr. 1918", Minas Gerais, Brazil, deposited in the Silveira Herbarium. Mendes MagalhZes (1956) also reports it col- lected in anthesis in March. Silveira (1928) comments that the species "Ab affinibus (S. anthemidifloro et aliis) praecipue dif- fert forma indumentoque bractearum involucrantium, foliorun, pedunculorum vaginarumque pilositate et sepalorum petalorumque colore". Thus far it is known only from these three collections. SYNGONANTHUS GLANDULOSUS Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 56: 39h— 395. 1929. Synonymy: Syngonanthus oblongus f. abbreviata Herzog ex Ltftzelb., Estud. Bot. Nordést. 119 & 151. 1923. Syngonanthus oblongus f. abbreviatus Herzog ex Moldenke, Phytologia };: 328. 1953. Bibliography: Ltftzelb., Estud. Bot. Nordést. 3: 149 & 151. 1923; Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 56: 394=-395. 1929; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 8: 231. 1933; Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahres- ber. 57 (2): 16. 1937; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 6 & 58. 1946; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 352. 1947; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 3: 975. 1949; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 65, 67, & 213. 19493 Moldenke, Phytologia h: 316 & 328. 1953; Hocking, Dict. Terms Pharmacog,. 26h. 1955; Moldenke, Résumé 73, 76, 77, 107, 108, & 92. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 6 (1959) and 12: 3. 1965; Lindeman & GUrts-van Rijn in Pulle & Lanjouw, Fl. Sur- in. 1 [Meded. Konink. Inst. Trop. 30, Afd. Trop. Prod. 11}: 335 & 339. 1968; Van Donselaar, Meded. Bot. Mus. Rijksuniv. Utrecht 306: 397 & 402. 1968; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 18: h. 1969; Teunissen & Wildschut, Verh. Konink. Nederl. Akad. Wet. Natuurk. 59 (2): 23. 1970; Koyama & Oldenburger, Rhodora 73: 159. 1971; Moldenke, Fifth Summ, 1: 120, 127, 131, 133, & 173 (1971) and 2: 962 & 968. 1971; Teunissen & Wildschut, Meded. Bot. Mus. Utr. 31: 23. 1971; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 56 (10): B.A.S.I.C. S.265. 1973; Moldenke, Biol. Ab- str. 56: 5366. 1973; Moldenke, Phytologia 26: 177. 1973; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 293. 197; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 37 & 0 (1974), 30: 35 & 106 (1975), 31: 386 & O8 (1975), 3h: 259 (1976), and 35: 112, 291, 306-—308, 354, & 359. 1977. feet altitude, on November 11, 1927, and deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. Gleason (1929) com- ments that "The plant consists of a number of short erect stems which are densely leafy and send out numerous peduncles from the upper axils. In general habit it resembles S. simplex, gracilis, and biformis, and differs from the first in its appendaged style, 6h PsbeY TO ‘Liocg Lek Vol. 36, no. 1 from the second in its narrow acute bracts, from the last in its symmetrical sepals, and from all three in the rounded sinuses of its peduncular sheaths." To me, it much more closely resembles very young forms of S. caulescens (Poir.) Ruhl. Lindeman & GSrts-van Rijn key out these perplexingly similar taxa as follows: 1. Peduncles glandular—pubescent, 7—11 cm. long; leaves 1.5 mm. wide, about 1 cm. long; peduncular sheaths with rounded sims.. S. glandulosus Gleason. la. Peduncles pubescent to glabrous, their sheaths obliquely split; leaves 1—5 cm. long. 2. Stems floating, up to 3 dm. long; leaves fenestrate, 3—l.5 cm. long, 2 mm. wide; peduncles 2—) together at the end of the stem, 3—6 cm. long; petals of the female florets slight- ly longer than the sepals; style without appendages.......... S. macrocaulon Ruhl. 2a. Stems to 8 dm. long, simple; leaves 1.5——-l..5 cm. long, 1.5— 4.5 mm. wide; peduncles 5—30 cm. long, in a terminal fas- cicle; petals of the female florets shorter than the sepals; style appendaged..............-..S. caulescens (Poir.) Ruhl. Gleason, in his unpublished Flora of British Guiana, keys the re=- lated taxa as follows: 1. Petals of the pistillate florets shorter than the sepals. 2. Lateral sepals of the staminate florets strongly falcate and inequilateral. 3. Pistillate and staminate florets, including the pedicels, about equal in length.................S. simplex (Miq.) Ruhl. 3a. Pistillate florets about twice as long as the staminate. S. biformis (N. E. Br.) Gleason 2a. Lateral sepals of the staminate florets not falcate, equi- lateral. 4. Bracts obovate, broadly rounded at the summit...ceccccccces S. gracilis (Bong.) Ruhl. ha. Bracts oblong, acute to obtuse at the apex. 5. Leaves rosulate; peduncles not glandular; sims of the sheaths, opposite the lamina, acute..S. eriophyllus (Mart.) Ruhl. [now regarded as S. gracilis (Bong. Ruhl .] 5a. Leaves crowded on a very short stem; peduncles glandu- lar; simus of the sheaths broadly rounded....ccoccccccces S. glandulosus Gleason He describes S. glandulosus as having "Leaves densely cespitose, spreading or recurved, 1 cm. long, conspicuously pubescent; pedun- cles 7--ll cm. long, numerous, 3—costate, glandular—pubescent; sheaths twisted, about 1 cm. long, the lamina acuminate above a rounded sinus; heads about 5 mm. wide, white; bracts imbricate, scarious, lanceolate to elliptic, sharply acute, the longest 3 m. long." He regarded it as endemic to the Mt. Roraima region. Recent collectors refer to the flower-heads as "light—gray", "pale-gray", or "dull-white" and the flowers as white. They have encountered it in cerrado and Sphagnum bogs at altitudes of 115-- 2085 meters, flowering from July to April, fruiting in February, 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 65 April, and July to September. Wurdack and his associates found it "locally abundant on moist riverbanks". Goodland found it "in wet sandy open savanna grasslands with scattered trees, Curatella, Byrsonima, Trachypogon, and Fimbristylis dominant". Koyama & Old- enburger (1971) report it growing in association with Philodice hoffmannseggii, Diplacrum africanum, Syngonanthus gracilis var. koernickeams, Bacopa monierioides, Centunculus pentander, Poly- gala paludosa, Utricularia adpressa, and Eleocharis nana. Donse- laar encountered it "in wet valley floor with hummocks and chan- nels ('hog-wallow structure')", Syngonanthus oblongus f. abbreviatus of Herzog is based on Littzelburg 3338 from Bahia, Brazil, in the Munich herbarium and seems to be conspecific with Gleason's plant. Hocking (1955) reports the vernacular name, "guanak", and says that the entire plant is used in decoction form in the treatment of dentalgia in Venezuela. Lindeman & G8rts-van Rijn (1968) cite from Surinam: B.W. 7133, Rombouts 556, and Wessels Boer 800. Material of what appears to be S. glandulosus has been misiden- tified and distributed in some herbaria as S. caulescens (Poir.) Ruhl., S. gracilis (Bong.) Ruhl., S. simplex var. appendiculifera Ruhl., ae xeranthemoides (Bong.) Ruhl., and Paepalanthus subtilis Miq. On the other hand, the Irwin, Grear, Souza, & Reis dos San- tos 110 and G. H. H. Tate 26 26, & distributed as 3. andulosus ac~ tually seem to be immature S. caulescens (Poir. )R Ruhl., Ltttzelburg 21036 is S. gracilis var. amazonicus Ruhl., and Cowan & Soderstrom is S. huberi Ruhl. Goodland 254 is a mixture of S. S$. glandulosus and - Paepalanthus lamarckii Kunth, while W. A. Egler 47650 is a mix- ture with Paepalanthus oyapockensis Herzog and Cordeiro 30 is a mixture with S. humboldtii var. glandulosus Gleason. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Santander: Barkley & Bouthil- lette 38C168 (Ld). VENEZUELA: Aragua: Pittier 58L1 (W—601553). Bolfvar: Bog Bogner 1086 (Mu); Wurdack & Monachino 41048 (Mu, N, S). GUYANA: Goodland 25h, in part (W--25),6169); Irwin 501 (W—2212839) 5 G. H. H. Tate 345 (N-type). SURINAM: Donselaar 3605 (Ut—320379) ; Stahel - 7133 [57L] (Ut—y056A); Rombouts 214 (Ut—LL055A); Wild- schut & Teunissen 11572 (Ld). BRAZIL: Amap4: W. A. Egler 7650, in part part (N). Amaz6nas: s: Ltttzelburg 21036, in part (hha) 3 Prance, Maas, Atchley, Steward, Woolcott, Coélho, M Monteiro, Pinheiro, & R & ane 13822 (Ac, N). Bafiias Liftzelburg 338 Ws Tet Bebe Gard. Type Photo new ser. 8832] (Mu, N--photo, Z—-photo). Mato Grosso: Cordeiro ai. in part (Ld). Roraima: Ule 7929 [Herb. Mus. Goeldi 13021] (K, Z). SYNGONANTHUS GLANDULOSUS var. EPAPILLOSUS Moldenke, Phytologia 26: 177--178. 1973. Bibliography: Anon., Biol. Abstr. 56 (10): B.A.S.I.C. S.265. 1973; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 56: 5366. eae) Moldenke, Phytologia 26: 177--178. 1973; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 293. "197h5 Molden- 66 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 36, no. 1 ke, Phytologia 28: 37 & hhO (1974) and 35: 359. 1977. "Recent collectors refer to the flower-heads of this plant as "white", "off-white", "creamish-white", or "light-gray" and the flowers. as white. They have found the plant growing in very wet ground, in cerrado, on wet campos, in marshes in gallery forests, among rocks at streamsides, in swamps, and in wet sand in sedge- eriocaul savannas, at altitudes of 230-1100 meters, flowering and fruiting from November to June and in September. Ratter and his associates found it "in a stream, the leaves submerged, the flower-heads held above the surface of the water". Anderson found it at the "edge of brejo in an area of gallery forest, adjacent brejo, and nearby cerrado and campo limpo"; Cowan & Soderstrom re- fer to it as a "locally common herb in boggy patches atop rocks in constant mist of {water]falls", while Steyermark & Wurdack found it a “locally abundant depressed form near water level on rocky edge of river". The Eitens encountered it "at water level", "in soaking soil at brookside in light shade of narrow gallery scrub", and "in lower part of a natural grassy campo at valley head next to its border with swampy gallery forest, ground soaking, with grass clumps and puddles between clumps, soil black humusy-clay; the plant rooted in soaking soil, the base in air or covered with 1 cm. of water". Dombrowski reports it frequent in "banhado". Anderson 956 has very much the general appearance of a varie=- ty of S. gracilis (Bong.) Ruhl. Material of S. glandulosus var. epapillosus has been widely misidentified and distributed in her- baria as S. caulescens (Poir.) Ruhl. or as typical S. glandulosus Gleason. Philcox, Fereira, & Bertoldo 3431 is a mixture with S. nitens (Bong. ng.) RU Ruhl .; Cowan & Soderstrom m 2154 is S. huberi Ruhl., while | Ratter, Santos, Souza, & Ferreira R.1723 is a mixture of Ss. huberi and S. imberi- bee viviparus Moldenke. ~~ Citations: VENEZUELA: Bolivar: Hamann 2896 (Hm); Koyama & Agos- tini 7285 (N); Steyermark & Wurdack Sa (N—tyoe) ; Vareschi & Fol- dats 4743 (N). SURINAM: Rombouts 556 6 (N, Ut--l057A). BRAZIL: — Amap4: Bl: Black 49-8256 (HW). Goids: W W. Re Anderson 9564 (N); Hatsch- bach 36947 (- (Ld). Mato Grosso: es & & Eiten 8579 ~ (W—-2757729) , 8626 (W—2757731), 91L5 (W--2757737); Philcox & Fereira 3412 (K), 3431, in part (K), 3505 (K). Minas Gerais: Mello Barreto 0 25682 (Ny. Parandé: Dobcowskt 6764 (Z); Hatschbach 3370 (Ld). PARA- GUAY: Pedersen 9399 (N), 10095 (N). oe GLAUCUS Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 373-~37h, pl. 237. 1928. Bibliography: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 373-37) & 418, pl. 237, 1928; Wangerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 57 (1): 478. 1937; Fedde in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 57 (2): 895. 1938; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 271. 1938; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 2: 26. 191; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 18 & 58. 19465 Mol- denke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 92 & 213. 199; Moldenke, Résumé 107 & 92. 1959; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 173 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 67 (1971) and 2: 962. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 35: 31. 1977. Illustrations: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: pl. 237. 1928. This species is based on A, Silveira 669 from "In campis prope Diamantina", Minas Gerais, Brazil, collected in April, 1918, and deposited in the Silveira herbarium. In his text Silveira (1928) refers to "Tabula CCXXXVIII" as illustrating this species, but the plate that actually does so is labeled "TABULA CCXXXVII". Thus far the species is known only from the original collection. SYNGONANTHUS GOYAZENSIS (Korn.) Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 255. 1903. Synonymy: Paepalanthus goyazensis Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 453. 1863. Dupatya goyazensis (Korn.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 745. 1891. Dupatya goyazensis Kuntze apud Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 1, 145. 1902. Syngonanthus goyazensis Ruhl. apud Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 175. 1908. Syngonantims goyazensis (Bong.) Ruhl. ex Moldenke, Résumé 361, in syn. 1959. Bibliography: Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 453 & 507. 1863; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 745. 1891; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 2: 402. 189); Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 1, 145. 1902; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 215, 245, 255, 290, & 293. 1903; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 175. 1908; Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 418. 1928; Durand & Jacks., Ind. kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 2, 145.191; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 2, 2: 402. 1946; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 18, 30, 9, & 58. 19463; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 98. 198; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 92 & 213. 199; Moldenke, Phytologia : 316. 1953; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 3, 145. 1959; Moldenke. Résumé 107, 280, 325, 351, 419, & 492. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 3, 2: hO2. 1960; Renné, Levant. Herb. Inst. Agron. Minas 71. 1960; Moldenke, Fifth Summ, 1: 173 & 481 (1971) and 2: 583, 636, 778, & go2 2971 The type of this species was collected by George Gardner (no. 4384) in Goids, Brazil, deposited in the Berlin herbarium where Macbride photographed it as his type photograph number 10696. Ruhland (1903) cites only the type collection and Glaziou 22310, both from Goi4s. He suggests that S. sclerophyllus Alv. Silv. may actually only be a variety of S. goyazensis. Silveira (1928) cites A. Silveira 740, also from Goids. Hunt & Ramos refer to S. goyazensis as having white inflores- cences and found it growing in waterlogged ground by a small stream in campo cerrado, at 600--1000 meters altitude, in flower and fruit in June. Glaziou collected it in anthesis in October. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goids: G. Gardner 438) [Macbride photos 10696] (B--type, N-—-isotype, N-—-photo of type, W--photo of type); Glaziou 22310 (B, W—112171); Hunt & Ramos 6275 (N). Min- as Gerais: Héringer 7057 (Z); Santos & Castellanos 2182 (Bd-- 28328). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: drawings & notes by Kérnicke (B). 68 PH YET 0' E00 Ik Vol. 36, now 1 SYNGONANTHUS GRACILIS (Bong.) Ruhl. in Rngl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 219. 1903; Uittien & Heyn in Pulle, Fl. Surin. 1: 220. 1938 [not S. gracilis Molfino, 195]. Synonymy: Ericcaulon gracile Bong., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersb., ser. 6, 1: 63h, pl. 46. 1831 [not E. gracile Heyne, 19h6, nor Mart., 1832, nor Mart. & Wall., 1852]. Eriocaulon glabrum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum, 2: [Cyp.] 281. 1855 [not E. glabrum Pennell, 1959, nor Salzm., 1959]. Paepalanthus eriophyllus Mart. ex Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 463. 1863. Paepalanthus glanduliferus Mart. ex Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 46h & 560, in syn. 1863. Paepalanthus gracilis (Bong.) Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 1,60, pl. 59, fig. 1. 1863; Malme, Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl. 27 (3): no. 11: 31. 1901. Paepalanthus gracilis Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 460. 1863. Paepalantims gracilis var. Q@ subvar. ® Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 60, 61, & )63. 1863. Paepalanthus gracilis var. c Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 460, in part. 1863. Paepalanthus eriophyllus var. QW Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 463-6). 1863. Paepalanthus eriophyllus var. ? Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 46h. 1863. Dupatya eriophylla (Mart.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 75. 1891. Dupatya gracilis ([Bong.] Korn.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 745. 1891. Dupatya eriophylla Kuntze apud Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 1, 15. 1902. Dupatya gracilis Kuntze apud Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl 1, imp. 1, 145. 1902. Paepalanthus glandulifer Mart. apud Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (l-30): 29, in syn. 1903. Pae- palanthus pohlianmus Mart. ex Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (h- 30): 250, in syn. 1903. Syngonanthus eriophyllus var. calvescens Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (l-30): 249. 1903. Syngonanthus gracilis var. olivacea Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (l-30): 250. 1903. Syngonanthus eriophyllus (Mart.) Ruhl. in Engl., Pf- lanzenreich 13 (4-30): 249. 1903. Syngonanthus eriophyllus Ruhl. apud Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 175. 1908. Syngonanthus gracil- is Ruhl. apud Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 175. 1908. Syngonanth- us gracilis var. a (Kunth) Ruhl. ex Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 118. 1928. Syngonanthus gracilis var. microphylla Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 18, nom. nud. 1928. Syngonanthus gracilis var. olivaceus Ruhl. ex Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 18 & 58. 196. Syngonatnhus gracilis (Korn.) Ruhl. ex Reitz, Sellowia 7: 125, sphalm. 1956. Paepalanthus hirtellus Korn. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 21, in syn. 1959. Paepalantims hirtellus var. O& Korn. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 21, in syn. 1959. Paepalanthus olivaceus Korn. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 21, in syn. 1959. Syngonanthms graciis (Korn.) Ruhl. ex Reitz, Sellowia 11: 31, sphalm. 1959. Syngonanthus gracilis Kérn. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 23, in syn. 1959. Dupatya gracilis (Kérn.) Kuntze ex Moldenke, Fifth Sum. 1: )\81, in syn. 1971. Syngonanthus gracilis 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 69 (Bong.) Ruhl ex J. A. Steyerm., Biotropica 6: 7 & 10, sphaln. 1974. Paepalanthus eriophyllus "Mart. ex Korn." apud Moldenke & Sm. in Reitz, Fl. Ilust. Catar. I Erio: 101, in syn. 1976. Pae- palanthus hirtellus "Korn. ex Moldenke" apud Moldenke & Sm. in Reitz, Fl. Iiust. Catar. I Erio: 101, in syn. 1976. Paepalanthus hirtellus var. CK "Korn. ex Moldenke" apud Moldenke & Sm. in Reitz, Fl. Ilust. Catar. I Erio: 101, in syn. 1976. Paepalanthus olivaceus "ex Moldenke" apud Moldenke & Sm. in Reitz, Fl. Ilust. Catar. I Erio: 102, in syn. 1976. Paepalanthus pohliamus "Mart. ex Ruhl." apud Moldenke & Sm. in Reitz, Fl. Ilust. Catar. I Erio: 102, in syn. 1976. Syngonanthus eriophyllus "(Mart. ex Korn.) Ruhl." apud Moldenke & Sm. in keitz, Fl. Ilust. Catar. I Erio: 103, in syn. 1976. Syngonanthus gracilis var. a "Ruhl. ex Mol- denke" apud Moldenke & Sm, in Reitz, Fl. Ilust. Catar. I Erio: 103, in syn. 1976. Syngonanthus gracilis var. microplylia Alv. Silv. ex Moldenke & Sm. in Reitz, Fl. Ijust. Catar. I Erio: 103, in syn. 1976. Bibliography: Bong., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Péters., ser. 6, 1: 63h. 1831; Bong., Ess. Monog. Erioc. 3h--35. 1831; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 585. 1840; Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 53h, 578, 613, & 62h. 1841; D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 268. 1852; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 280, 281, & 33h. 1855; C. Mull. in Walp., Ann. Bot. Syst. 5: 926 & 9l1—-942. 1860; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 460—l64, 500, 507, & 560, pl. 59, fig. 1. 1863; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 745. 18913 Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 1: 878 (1893) and imp. 1, 2: 401 & 402. 189h; Huber, Bol. Mus. Para. 2: 99. 1898; Malme, Bih. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl. 27 (3), no. 11: 31-32. 1901; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 1, 145. 19023; Chod. & Hassl., Bull. Herb. Boiss., ser. 2, 3: 1033 & 1034. 19033 Chod. & Hassl., Pl. Hassler. 2: 255 & 256. 1903; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (l-30): 28, 2hb, 249--253, 257, 285, 289, 290, & 293. 1903; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 175. 1908; Molfino, Physis 6: 363. 1923; Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 18. 1928; Ruhl. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 15a: 56. 1930; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 4: 518. 1930; Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 58: 327 & 331. 19313 Herzog in Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. 29: 212, 19313 Uittien & Heyn in Pulle, Fl. Surin. 1 [Meded. Konink. Ver. Ind. Inst. 30, Afd. Handelsmus. 11]: 220--221. 1938; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 2, 145. 19415; Herter, Revist. Sudam. Bot. 7: 199. 1943; Castell. in Descole, Gen. & Sp. Pl. Argent. 3: 83. 1945; Abbiatti, Rev. Mus. La Plata Bot., ser. 2, 6: [311] & 312. 1946; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 2, 1: 878 (1946) and imp. 2, 2: Ol & O2. 1946; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 1: 132 & 223. 1946; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 5—7, 18--20, 29, 30, 33, 35, lb, 45, 8, 49, 52, 57, 58, 60, & 61. 1946; Moldenke, Lil- loa 12: 173. 19463; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 352, 373, 37h, 377, & 381. 1947; Moldenke in Maguire & al., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 75: 200—201. 1948; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 492 & 98. 1948; Moldenke Alph. List Cit. 3: 601, 702, 70h, 710, 7h, 874, 975, & 976 (19h95 70 PHY ME 0: E016 Tank. Vol. 36, nos 2 and : 985, 1072, 1076, & 1301. 1949; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Dis- trib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 61, 65, 67, 68, 92, 95, 97, 100, & 213. 199; Moldenke, Phytologia : 316—320. 1953; Moldenke in Maguire & al., Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 8: 101. 1953; Herter, Revist. Sudam. Bot. 9: 188. 1951; Mendes Magalh&es, Anais V Reun. Amal Soc. Bot. Bras. 266—267. 1956; Reitz, Sellowia 7: 125. 1956; Moldenke in J. A. Steyerm., Fieldiana Bot. 28: 825 & 826. 1957; Cuatrecasas, Revist. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 10: 25). 1958; R. C. Foster, Contrib. Gray Herb. 18): 39. 1958; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 3, 145. 1959; Reitz, Sellowia 11: 31 & 131. 19593; Moldenke, Résumé 69, 73, 76, 77, 107, 112, 115, 119, 280, 286, 288, 289, 310, 323--325, 327, 351, 352, & 492. 19593 Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 5, 6, & 20—23. 1959; Van Royen, Nov. Guin., ser. 2, 10: 39 & 4h. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 3, 1: 878 (1960) and imp. 3, 2: 01 & 402. 1960; Renné, Levant. Herb. Inst. Agron. Minas 71. 1960; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 2: 5 (1960), 3: 12 & 1h (1962), lz h (1962), 10: 6 & 7 (196k), and 12: 3, h, & 12. 1965; Angely, Fl. Anal. Paran., ed. 1, 201. 1965; Van Donselaar, Wentia 1h: 0. 1965; Huinink, Wentia 17: 1)0—-1l1. 1966; J. A. Steyerm., Act. Bot. Venez. 1: 60, 122, 135, 148, 155, & 2h7. 1966; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 15: 5 (1967) and 16: 6. 1968; Aristeguie- ta, Act. Bot. Venez. 3: 25. 1968; Lindeman & Gérts-van Rijn in Pulle & Lanjouw, Fl. Surin. 1 [Meded. Konink. Inst. Trop. 30, Afd. Trop. Prod. 11]: 336 & 337. 1968; Van Donselaar, Meded. Bot. Mus. Rijksuniv. Utrecht 306: 02. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 18: 100, 102, 260, 261, & 388 (1969), 19: 8 (1969), 19: 339 (1970), and 20: 101. 1970; Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeogr. Est. S. Paulo, ed. 1, 6: 1162 & Ind. 28. 1970; Reitz, Sellowia 22: 137. 1970; Teunissen & Wildschut, Verh. Konink. Nederl. Akad. Wet. Natuurk. 59 (2): 23, 36, & table 1. 1970; Koyama & Oldenburger, Rhodora 73: 159. 1971; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 120, 127, 131, 133, 13h, 174, 180, 18h, 189, 480, & 81 (1971) and 2: 95, 501, 502, 59, 578, 582——58h, 587, 588, 591, 636-638, 962, 963, 968, & 973. 1971$ Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 18 (1971) and 22: 6. 1971; Teunissen & Wildschut, Meded. Bot. Mus. Utr. 31: 23, 36, & table 1. 1971; Hocking, Biol. Abstr. A.21: 30. 19723 Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 53: 5252 (1972) and Sh: 6295. 1972; Moldenke, Phytologia 25: 230 (1973), 26: 27 & 45 (1973), 28: LhO (197k), and 29: 211, 311, 319, & 323. 197h; Rod- riguez M., Mem. II Congres. Venez. Bot. 95. 197l; J. A. Steyerm., Biotropica 6: 7 & 10. 197; C&rdenas de Guevara, Act. Bot. Venez. 10: 39. 1975; J. A. Steyerm., Act. Bot. Venez. 10: 232. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 37, 52, & 318 (1975), 31: 383, 386, & 408 (1975), 3h: 259, 260, 273, 275--277, 392, & 87 (1976), and 35: 18 & 28. 1976; Moldenke & Sm. in Reitz, Fl. Ilust. Catar. I Erio: 62, 63, 77--80, & 98--103, pl. 8, fig. 27--31. 1976; Molden ke, Phytologia 35: 112, 125, 291, 306, 308, 338, 30, 3k], 27, UO, & 442. 1977. Illustrations: Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): pl. 59, fig. 1. 1863; Moldenke & Sm. in Reitz, Fl. Ilust. Catar. I Erio: 63, pl. 8, fig. 27—31. 1976. This is a very widespread and extremely variable species. No 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae val less than 16 rather poorly defined subspecific taxa have been proposed. The typical form apparently is found from Colombia and Venezuela, through the Guianas, to Brazil and Uruguay. Bongard's original (1831) description is "Acaule; foliis vaginas subaequan- tibus, confertis, linearibus, acutis, pilosiusculis; pedunculis caespitosis, filiformibus, pubescentibus; vaginis pilosiusculis. In umbrosis siccis montis Itacolumi." It is probably based ona Riedel collection in the Leningrad herbarium. Kunth (181) adds: "A specie homonyma Martiana longe diversum". Recent collectors describe the plant as growing 6 inches tall, with dark-green leaves, white or gray-white flower—heads, and white flowers. Tutin says: "bracts round the flowers paleaceous", while Huinink (1966) calls it a "hemixerophyte, scleromorphic, nanophyll", with a "hemispherical-shaped root-system" and inhabit- ing the Xyrido-Paspaletum ecologic association. Other collectors have encountered it on savannas, wet-sand savannas, white-sand savannas, savannas with a quartzite base, and dry sandy uplands, in swamps, sandy swamps, and "swamps on open level portions of plateaus", on large mesas, in moist depressions in llanos, along railroad tracks, in sand and white sand, and swampy ground by streamlets, in damp seepage patches on white-sand campinas, and in dry sandy or gravelly places in general, at altitudes of 30— 2000 meters, flowering in April, May, and July to November, and fruiting in January, July to September, and November. In south=- ern Brazil and Uruguay it is said to flower mostly in January and February. McKee encountered S. gracilis "in dry sand in area of sandhills with low forest or scattered shrubs". Murga Pires & Cavalcante re- port it "common on savannas"; Goodland & Persaud "in grassland with scattered trees, Curatella, Brysonima, Trachypogon, and Fin bristylis dominant". The Maguires aver that it is "locally fre- quent in moist sand among rocks", "frequent in wet places along brooks", and "locally frequent anmal in marshy places along streamsides"., Malme (1901) reports it from "supra saxa tempore hiemali irrigata" and "in loco aperto, arenoso, humido, parce graminoso", Ruiz-Terdn & Lépez—Palacios describe it as an "Hier ba rosulada, cespitosa, a la sombra de laja, en suelo hfémedo. Roseto de unos 2 cm. de alto. Hojas finas, flexibles, verde sub- intensas, no espenescentes en al 4pice. Escapos de 12--15 cm. Capitulos hemisféricos. Flores blancas." Aristeguieta (1968) records this species from Gud4rico, Venezu- ela; Herter (1954) gives its distribution as "Sudamérica cAlida". Malme (1901) cites Regnell III.1266 & III.1801 from Minas Gerais and Mato Grosso, Brazil. Silveira (1928) cites A. Silveira 216 from Serra do Lenheiro, Minas Gerais, collected in 1896, as typi- cal S. gracilis, but A. Silveira 227, from the Serra de Ibitipoca, collected in the same year, as his var. a. Vernacular names reported for the species are "capim manso", "capipoatinga", "capipoatinga-mimosa", "gravat4 manso", "semprevivas do campo", and "sempre=viva-do-campo". Bongard's plate 46, often cited as illustrative of this species, 72 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 36, now. 1 apparently was never actually published and probably is available only in the Leningrad herbarium or library. Bongard's discussion of the species is sometimes cited to various dates, but was actu- ally published in 1831. The Malme (1901) work is sometimes in- correctly cited as "1903". Paepalanthus eriophyllus Mart. and Syngonanthus eriophyllus var. calvescens Ruhl. seem to be based, in part, at least, on Kegel 231 in the Berlin herbarium. Uittien & Heyn (1938) aver that Paepalanthus eriophyllus Mart. and P. glanduliferus Mart. are typified, respectively, by Wullschlagel 763 and 762 from the "Par4 distr., plant. Berlijn", Surinam, These latter workers in- clude S. biformis (N. E. Br.) Gleason and S. simplex (Miq.) Ruhl. in the synonymy of S. gracilis. My disposition of the extraneous synonyms which they list is as follows: Paepalanthus biformis N. E. Br. is Syngonanthus biformis (N. E. Br.) Gleason, a valid spe- cies; Paepalanthus gracilis var. c Korn. is in part typical Syngo~ nanthus gracilis (Bong.) Ruhl. and in part S. gracilis var. hir- tellus Ruhl.; Eriocaulon brizoides (Kunth) Steud. is Syngonanthus gracilis var. koernickeanus Ruhl.; Paepalanthus brizoides Kunth is in part S. gracilis and in part S. gracilis var. koernickeanus; and Dupatya simplex Kuntze, Eriocaulon hostmanni Steud., E. sim— plex (Miq.) Steud., Paepalanthus hispidus Klotzsch, and P. simplex Miq. are all Syngonanthus simplex (Miq.) Ruhl. The Eriocaulon gracile credited to Heyne, to Martius, and to Martius & Wallich, referred to in the synonymy of S. gracilis (a- bove), are all synonyms of Eriocaulon infirmum Steud.; E. glabrum Pennell is E. peruviamum Ruhl.; E. glabrum Salzm. is Syngonanthus gracilis var. glabriusculus Ruhl.; and Syngonanthus gracilis Mol- fino is a synonym of Eriocaulon argentinum Castell. The name, Syngonanthus gracilis, as applied to the present taxon, is very widely credited to "(Korn.) Ruhl.", but Ruhland (19035 was in error when he wrote it thus because Kornicke (1863) plainly cites Eriocaulon gracile Bong. as the name=-bringing syn= onym, even though Ruhland does so only in the discussion of his S. gracilis var. olivacea Ruhl. This so-called var. olivacea is, therefore, the actual typical variety of the species and the names given in its synonymy therefore belong in the synonymy of this typical form of S. gracilis. Ruhland cites for it only Pohl s.n. and Widgren s.n, from Minas Gerais, Brazil. Silveira (1928) cites A. Silveira 651 from Diamantina (also in Minas Gerais), col- lected in 1908, as this "var. olivacea". Macbride (1936) distinguishes S. gracilis from the closely re- lated S. nitens (Bong.) Ruhl. by stating that in the former the heads are smaller, only 3--5 mm. in diameter, while in the latter they are 5--8.5 mm. thick. This, in general, is a quite valid distinction. Ruhland's other varieties are tentatively maintained by me and 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 73 will be discussed hereinafter separately although they are, at best, rather difficult to distinguish in all cases. Kérnicke's (1863) varieties and subvarieties are being treated by me as follows: Paepalanthus eriophyllus var.QO¥ and var. g, a4 gracilis var. Q& subvar. e. and P. gracilis var. c are typical Syngonanthus gracilis (Bong .) Ruhl.; Paepalanthus gracilis var, is S. gracilis var. glabriusculus Ruhl.; P. gracilis var.OF sub- var Qe is S. gracilis var. subinflatus Kuhl.; P. gracilis var. e and var.@ “subvar. Of are S. gracilis var. koernickeams Ruhl .; and P. gracilis var. ? subvar. @ is S. gracilis var. setaceus Ruhl, Ruhland's (1903) Syngonanthus eriophyllus var. glandulif- erus is S. gracilis var. koernickeanus Ruhl. Paepalanthus briz- oides Kunth is apparently in part typical S. gracilis and in part var. koernickeanus. It is based on two Sellow collections from "Brasilia meridionalis, inter Rio Janeiro at Campos et inter Vit- toria et Bahia" and one by Luschnath from "Campos prope St. Joao", He describes it as "Acaulis; caespitosus; foliis setaceo-lineari- bus, obtusiusculis, rigidis, glabris, recurvatis; vaginis glandu- loso=pilosis, folia superantibus; pedunculis subcapillaceis, trisulcatis, vix puberulis; bracteis involucrantibus ellipticis, obtusis, aridis, stramineo-albidis, glabris, flores superantibus; sepalis exterioribus masculis et femineis angustato-acutis, gla- bris." He comments that it is "Affinis P. tenui”. Kornicke's var. Of subvar. Y is based on Clausen 68, 164, & s.n. [Cachoeira do Campo], Houllet s.n., Martius 1083 & s.n. (Itambé], and Riedel s.n. from Minas Gerais; his var. c is based on Salzmann s.n. from . Bahia, Spruce s.n. from Amaz6nas, Pohl s.n. and Weddell 2136 from Goids, Gardner s.n., Martius s.n., and Wid- gren s.n. from Minas eae Martius s.n. and Yauthier s.n. from Rio de Ja Janeiro, and Riedel 2304 from S80 Paulo. His Paepalanthus eriophyllus batten 3S based on Kegel s.n. and Wullschlagel 762 from Surinam, while P. eriophyllus var. 8 is based on Wullschlagel 763, also from Surinam. ~~ Gleason, usually most conservative in his treatment of species, still maintains S. eriophyllus as distinct from S. gracilis in his unpublished "Flora of British Guiana", citing for the former only Jenman 3768 and giving its overall distribution as only Surinam and Guiana. For S. gracilis he cites Appun 1526, Gleason 652, Lin- der 0, Lloyd S.n., Loyed s.. s.m., and Parker s.n., giving its 3 overall distribution as "Venezuela to French Guiana and Uruguay". He de- scribes S. eriophyllus as "Leaves densely rosulate, narrowly lin- ear, recurved, densely and persistently white-lanate, 1—2 cm. long; peduncles few, slender, 4--6 cm. high, sparsely hirtellous; sheaths glandular-hirtellous, prominently striate and twisted, the lamina acuminate; heads 3--5 mm. wide, subglobose; bracts oblong, obtuse, soon glabrous." He describes S. gracilis as "Leaves densely cespitose, often more or less recurved, narrowly linear, hirsute, 10—25 mm. long; peduncles several or many, 8--15 cm. high, 7h Pei YarcOutoiG. LAA Vol. 36, no. 1 glabrous or nearly so; sheaths equaling the leaves; heads hemi- spheric, 3--5 mm. wide, white; bracts obovate, broadly rounded, glabrous, silvery and scarious ." In his key he distinguishes these and some other taxa as follows: 1. Lateral sepals of the staminate florets strongly falcate and inequilateral. 2. Pistillate and staminate florets, including the pedicels, a- bout equal in length. . ..... +... + + « « Se simplex 2a. Pistillate florets about twice as long as the staminate. . S. biformis la. Lateral sepals of the staminate florets not falcate, equilat- eral. 3. Bracts obovate, broadly rounded at the summit. . S. gracilis 3a. Bracts oblong, acute to obtuse at the apex. lh. Leaves rosulate; peduncles not glandular; simus of the sheaths, opposite the lamina, acute. . . 5. eriophyllus ha. Leaves crowded on a very short stem; peduncles glandular; sinus of the sheaths broadly rounded. . . S. glandulosus Ruhland (1903) also keeps the two taxa separate, distinguishing them as follows: } 1. Folia dense rosulata, anguste linearia, rigida. Plantae in Guyana collectae. ......+++++ +. Se. eriophyllus la. Folia plusmimusve caespitosa, rarius rosulato-caespitosa. Species brasilienses. . ... +... + +++ ¢ « Se gracilis Lindeman & Gorts-van Rijn (1968) key out some of these thus: 1. Male and female flowers not very unequal in size or shape. In- volucral bracts about the same length as the flowers. 2. Leaves about 5 mm. long, densely rosulate, white-villous and pilose, later glabrous. Peduncles 5—~7 cm. long. Involu- cral bracts glabrous, the inner ones ciliate. Style with- out appendages. . . . 2. 2 6 «© © © © © oe © oe Simplex 2a. Leaves 1—3 cm. long, cespitose, glabrous or slightly puber- ulous. Peduncles 6--30 cm. long. Involucral bracts longer than or equaling the flowers. Sepals at first puberulous in the middle, later glabrous. ....... .S. gracilis Also quite similar in habit, at least, to S. gracilis are S. lianorum Ruhl., S. pauciflorus Alv. Silv., and S. planus Ruhl. ~~ Material of Sz: gracilis has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as Paepalanthus exiguus (Bong.) Kérn. and P. sub- tilis Miq. On the other hand, the Robertson & Austin 268, dis- tributed as S. gracilis, is doug Comanthera _ kegeliana (Korn.) Moldenke; Alston & Lutz 33 and B, Lutz 668 are Leiothrix dielsii Ruhl.j Mexia 5882 | is Leiothrix fulgida Ruhl .; Alston & Lutz 133 133 is Paepalanthus + tortilis (Bong.) Mart.; Williams & A & Assis s 6885 i is Syngonanthus biformis (N. E. Br.) Gleason; A. R. A. R. Schultz 32h is S. chrysanthus (B Bong .) Ruhl.; Donselaar 3605 is S. . glandulosus | Glea—_ son; Hunt & Ramos 610, Malme 1653, and nd Swallen 4912 are S. grac- ilis var. aureus Ruhl; Hermann 1105) and Tutin Tutin 619 are S. - gracilis att Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 75 var. koernickeams Ruhl.; B. Lutz 602 is S. gracilis var. setaceus Ruhl.; Hassler 9430 is S. nitens var. hirtulus Ruhl.; Hassler 943, 9436a, & 9436 are eS. nitens var. koernickei Ruhl.; 1.; Brade 6578 and N. A. Rosa 477 [Herb. IPEAN 149907] are S. nitens f. pil- Lockhart sen. ‘easeaae tal a mixture of S. praca with Comite ra ra kegeliana ana (Korn. ) Moldenke; J. A. Steyermark 5780 is a mixture with Paepalanthus lamarckii Kunth; Black 18-3050 is a is a mixture with P. fasciculatus (Rottb.) Kunth and P. fa fasciculatus f. sphaeroceph- alus Herzog; Mexia 5756 is a mixture with P. tortilis (Bong.) Mart .3 Phelps & & Hitchcock sen. [February 12, 1949] is a mixture with S. gracilis var. glabriusculus Ruhl .; Lanjouw & Lindeman 860 is a “mix- ture with S. gracilis var. koernickeanus Ruhl.; Fe Lima s sen. (Herb. Mus. Goeldi 12173] is a mixture with S. umbellatus (Lam.) Ruhl.; and Vareschi & Maegdefrau 6613 is a mixture with S. yapacanensis Moldenke. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Magdalena: C. Allen 527 (E— 1014370, F--1391643, F—1391775). Meta: F. W. Pennell 1427 (N, W— 1041737) ; Smith & Idrobo 1395 (Ca—-117411) . ~ Santander: Fassett 25068 (W—21661)2, Ws). Vaupés: Schultes, Baker, & Cabrera 18093 (W——-2172073), 1811 (Ss), 18539 (S, Ss); Sclultes & Cabrera 11238 (Z), 14337 (Ss), 14376 (Ss), 18 18390 (Ss, W-~2198900) , 19178 (Ss), 197l9b (Ss (Ss), 19918c (Ss). VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Maguire & re & Maguire 35022 (N); Phelps & Hitchcock s.n. genes 12, 19h9] (N); J. A. 259 (N)5 Vareschi . & Maegdefrau 5En in part (Ve—12632). Bolf- var: Bernardi 6608 (N); Meramiiller ler 22955 (Mu); Pannier & Schwabe S.n. [Auyantepui] (Ve) 5 Ruiz-Ter4n & & Lépez-Palacios 11 11336 (Mi); J. s Steyermark 89672 (Mi); G. H. H. Tate 613 813 (N); Wurdack | & Guppy 9 9 (fu, N). Federal District: Lockhart Sone . [Caracas] (K). “Guérico: Aristeguieta 92 (N). GUYANA: C. W. ~ Anderson 512 (K); Carrick 973 (K1—3973); H. A. Gleason 652 (N, W—1191105); Goodland & Per- saud 791 (W--222171); Linder Linder Lo- (N)5; McKee 10681 (Ws); Tutin in 183 (Ut--396LLA, W--1743597); Whi Whitton 213 (K). SURINAM: Donselaar 3661 Sear aaa Florschutz & utz & Florschiitz 616 (Ut--80218B); Kegel 231 231 (B); anjouw & Lindeman 128 (N), 860, in part (Ut~-1789)B), 1792 “ONS PERT 1855 (Ut—17895B), 3013 (N); Wullschlagel 762 (E—photo, F—photo, N—photo, Z-—photo) s BRAZIL: Amapé: Irwin & Westra 472598 (N); Murga Pires & Cavalcante 5227) (N). Amazonas: G. A, Black 7,8-3050, in part (N, W—-2655155); Prance 23528 (Ld); Prance, Maa Maas, , Atchley, Steward, Woolcott, Coélho, Mo: Monteiro, Pin- heiro, "& Ram aase 13836 (Ac, N); Prance, Pena, Forero, Ramos, & Mon- teiro. 4790 (N); Spruce 1502 (P). Ceard: Herd. Mus us « Goeldi lg (G1). Minas Gerais: P, Clausen n 1631 (N); Martius s.n. “Tin udis i irreguis prov. Rio de Janeiro et Minarum passim] (Mu); Mexia 5756, in part 76 PeB ¥ots0) Li OvG Tel Vol. 36, now L [Herb. Leonard 7656] (B). Par&: Black & Ledoux 50-10)07 (Z), 50-10631 (Ca--2825, Z); W. A. Egler 160 160 (Bs) ; F. Lima s.n. (aoe Mus. Goeldi 12173] (Bs); E. Pereira 5022 (Ba—12168). Rio de Jan- eiro: Martius s.n. {in udis irreguis prov. Rio de Janeiro et Min- arum passim] (Mu) . Roraima: G. A. Black s.n. [Herb. Inst. Agron. Norte 77605] (Z); Maguire & Maguire 0101 (N, Sm). Santa Catarina: Reitz 4735 [Herb. Reitz Reitz 4737] (S); Smith & Klein 10679 (0k). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Korn. in Mart., +., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): pl. Ae. fig. 1. 1863 (B, N, 2); drawings & notes by Kornicke (B, B, B, SYNGONANTHUS GRACILIS var. AMAZONICUS Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzen- reich 13 (4-30): 250 [as "amazonica"]. 1903; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 18 & 56. 19L6. Synonymy: Syngonanthus gracilis var. amazonica Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 250. 1903. Bibliography: Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (h-30): 250 & 293. 1903; Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 18. 1928; Herzog in Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. 29: 212. 19313 Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 18 & 58. 1946; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 93. 1948; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 92, 95, & 213. 199; Moldenke, Phytologia : 317--318. 1953; Moldenke, Résumé 107, 112, 351, & 492. 1959; Moldenke, Fifth Summ, 1: 17) &’180 (1971) and 2: 636 & 962. 1971; Moldenke, *Phytologia 25: 230 (1973) and 3: 259. 1976. This variety is based on Huber 351 from the "Mtindungsgebiet des Amazonas, Maraj6, in einem Campos-wildchen" and Burchell 8911 from "zwischen Junil und S80 Jo%o am Tocantins", Parad, Brazil, in the Berlin herbarium. Ruhland's original (1903) description is "Differt foliis sub- erecto-recurvatis, 2 cm. longis, basi vix vel non ampliatis, juventute leviter puberulis, cito glaberrimis; vaginis laxiuscu- lis, striatis, patenti-puberulis, calvescentibus; pedunculis erectis, valde tortis, fusco-stramineis, 3-costatis, apice brevi- ter rigido-pilosa excepta glabriusculis; capitulis pallide cinereo-stramineis, duriusculis, 15—16 cm longis; bracteis in- volucrantibus obovatis vel ovatis, obtusis, capitulum 3—-)) m latum vix aequantibus, glabris." Recent collectors describe the plant as an herb, 15 cm. tall, the inflorescences grayish-white, and have found it growing on moist or marshy campos, and in coarse white sand on disturbed white-sand savannas, flowering in February, May, August, and Sep=- tember, and fruiting in September. Silveira (1928) cites Huber 437 from Marajé island, collected in 1896, deposited in the e Sil- veira herbarium. Material of this variety has been misidentified and distribu- ted in some herbaria as Paepalanthus nitens Korn. and Syngonan- thus elegans (Bong.) Ruhl. Liitzelburg 21036 is a mixture with S. glandulosus Gleason. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Maas & Maas Loh (Ld, N)3 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 77 Ule 6177 (B). Maranh%o: Murga Pires & Black 2537 (Z). Mato Gros- so: Irwin & Soderstrom 6,77 (N). Minas Gerais: Liitzelburg 21150 (Mu). Para: G. A. Black 55-18613 (N); Ducke 803 (Bs), 11656 (Bs), s.n. (Herb. Mus. Goeldi 10676] (Bs); Spruce ruce 610 10 (Mu). Rio de Jan- eiro: Jobert 1227 (P). Roraima: M, Silva 122 2 [Herb. Brad. ),7002] (Ld). State undetermined: Liitzelburg g 20548a_ (Igarapé) (Mu), 21003 (Maruay] (Mu), 2100, [Rio Cotim Conta] (hu), 21036, in part [Vera inh (Mu), 21132 32 [Maruay], 21156 [Maruay], 21289 (Serra da Lua] Mu). SYNGONANTHUS GRACILIS var. ARAXAENSIS Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 37. 1928. Bibliography: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 347 & 418. 19283 Molden- ke, Known Geogr. Distrib, Erioc. 18 & 58. 1965; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 92 & 213. 199; Moldenke, Résu- mé 107 & 492. 1959; Moldenke, Fifth Summ, 1: 17) (1971) and 2: 962. 1971 . This variety is based on an unnumbered specimen collected by Dr. J. Michaeli "In campis prope Araxd4", Minas Gerais, Brazil, in April, 1919, and is no. 715 in the Silveira herbarium. Silveira's original (1928) description is "Folia glabra, rigidula, 1 cm. longa. Pedun- culi glabri, 20--30 cm alti. Vaginae arctae oblique fissae, glabrae, folia duplo superantes striatae, lamina erecta instructae, 2—2,5 elatae. Capitula albido-flavida, 5 mm lata. Bracteae involucrantes obovato-rotundatae, glabrae. Bracteae flores stipantes nullae. Sepala floris masculi utrinque pilosa, cito calvescentia. Sepala floris feminei illis floris masculi similia." Thus far it is knowm only from the original collection. SYNGONANTHUS GRACILIS var. AUREUS Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 251 [as "aurea"]. 1903; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 18 & 58. 196. Synonymy: Syngonanthus gracilis var. aurea Ruhl. in Engl., Pflan- zenreich 13 (4-30): 251. 1903. Bibliography: Chod. & Hassl., Bull. Herb. Boiss., ser. 2, 3: 103. 1903; Chod. & Hassl., Pl. Hassler. 2: 256. 1903; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 251 & 293. 19033 Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 18 & 58. 1963 Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. h: 1301. 1949; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 92 & 213. 199; Moldenke, Phytologia : 318. 1953; Moldenke, Résumé 434 107, 351,°% 492. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 12: (1965) and 15: 5. 19673 Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 127, 174, 180, & 18h (1971) and 2: 636 & 962. 1971; Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeogr. Est. S. Paulo, ed. 1, 6: 1162 & Ind. 28. 19723 Moldenke, Phytologia 31: 386 (1975), 3: 260 (1976), and 35: 456. 1977. This variety is based on Burchell 7177 from Goids and G. Gardner 5270, Glaziou 15680, and Sena s.n. [Herb. Schwacke 11,556] from Min- as Gerais, Brazil, all deposited i: in the Berlin herbarium. The orig- inal description is: "Differt foliis caespitosis, erecto-patentibus, rigidulis, obtusiusculis, saepe olivaceo-viridibus, puberulis, mox 78 Pi FT: Oy 0 (Gr Dk Vol. 36, nani calvescentibus, ad 2 cm longis, medio usque 2/3 mm latis; vaginis folia paullo modo superantibus, olivaceis, arctis, vix striatulis, patentissimo-puberulis; pedunculis profunde 3 sulcatis, saepe tortis, stramineo-flavidis, pilis brevibus, sparsis, vix puberu- lis, cito glabriusculis, 16--18 cm altis; capitulis globosis, duriusculis, majusculis, latitudine demum interdum 5 mm exceden- tibus; bracteis involucrantibus florum discum vix aequantibus, concavis, glabris, ovatis, aureo-flavis, exterioribus saepe sub- acutis. [An fortasse species distincta?]......Varietas habitu Ss. nitenti similis, valde insignis." Recent collectors describe this plant as to 20 cm. tall, the inflorescences 10--15 cm. tall, gray or grayish, the flower-heads white or grayish, and the flowers white. They have found it grow- ing in sandy soil, in cerrado, at gallery margins, in moist open ground and boggy ground near streamlets, on savannas and savanna- margins, on sandy open ground, in wet sand close to streams, and on periodically flooded campos, at altitudes of 200--1700 meters, flowering in January, March to August, and October, and in fruit in January, May, June, and August. Irwin and his associates re- fer to it as "locally common in cerrado"; Mur¢a Pires & Cavalcan- te found it "frequent in wet sandy savannas"; Argent encountered it "on open ground between grass tussocks". Ratter and his asoc— iates found it "in damp cerrado between tufts of tall grasses and sedges which shade it", while Anderson found it in grass of "gal= lery forest, adjacent brejo, and nearby cerrado and campo limpo" and in similar areas but the "higher drier slopes with grassy campo or rocky cerrado". Hatschbach reports it it "cerrado pe= quefio brejo". The Angely (1972) work cited in the bibliography is often re- ferred to as having been published in 1970, the title-page date, but was not actually issued until 1972. Material of this variety has been misidentified and distribu- ted in some herbaria as Paepalanthus hirtellus Korn., Syngonan- thus fischerianmus (Bong.) Ruhl., typical S. gracilis (Bong .) Ruhl. and its var. setacea Ruhl. On the other hand, the Hassler L671, distributed as S. gracilis var. aureus, actually is S. nitens var. koernickei Ruhl. Irwin, Souza, Grear, & Reis dos Santos 16976 (Ac, N, W-~2759017), 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 79 16978 (Ac, N, a 17365 (Ac, N); Kuntze s.n. [200 Me, VII.92] (N); Maguire, Murga Pires, Maguire, & , & Silva va 56231 (N); Malme 1653 (W—-1)83)35) ; Ratter, . Santos, Souza, & F & Ferreira R.1686a (K); Santos, Souza, Ferreira, & ’ andrelinho 0 F.1783 (Ac, N). Minas Gerais: Giaesiaa ou 1680 (W—112h1),—cotype); Occhi Occhioni 5615 [Herb. Fac. Nac. Farmac. 14309] (Ld); J. E. Oliveira 1317 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 5187] (N). Par&: Spruce s.n. [In vicinibus San- tarem, Aug. 1850] (N). Piauf: Lutzelburg 233 (Mu). Rondénia: Prance, Forero, Coélho, Ramos, & Farias 5765 (Ac, N, S). Roraima: Ule 7665 [Herb. Mus. Goeldi 1277] (Bs, K, N). S&o Paulo: EHiten, Eiten, F Felippe, & Freitas Campos 3028 (N). State undetermined: G. fawcin 2748 bis ~ (W—-93628)) 3 Glaziou sen. (P); J. E. Pohl son. [in Brasilia] (Mu). MARAJO ISLAND: Swallen ug12 ~ (W—=15920L6) . SYNGONANTHUS GRACILIS var. BOLIVIANUS Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzen- reich 13 (4-30): 252 [as "boliviana"]. 1903; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 19, 29, & 58. 196. Synonyay: Syngonanthus gracilis var. boliviana Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (-30): 252. 1903. Dupatya fischeriana Kuntze ex Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 252, in syn. 1903 [not D. fischeriana Kuntze, 1902]. Paepalanthus gracilis var. boliviana — Ruhl. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 20, in syn. 1959. Syngonant - us gracilis boliviana Ruhl. ex medica! Résumé Suppl. 12: 13, in syn. 1965. Syngonanthus gracilis nalivies Ruhl. ex Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 2: 637, in syn. 1971. Bibliography: Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 252 & 293. 1903; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 19, 29, & 58. 196; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac. (ed. 2], 97 & 213. 1919; R. C. Foster, Contrib. Gray Herb. 184: 39. 1958; Mol- denke, Résumé 115, 280, eur & 92. 19595; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 20 (1959) and 12: 12. 1965; Moldenke, Fifth Sum. 1: 18) & 80 ihe and 2: 583, 636, 637, & 962. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 35: 1977. This variety is based on Otto Kuntze 55 from an altitude of 200 meters in east Velasco, Santa Cruz, Bolivia, collected in July of 1892 and deposited in the Berlin herbarium. The unnumbered specimen in the New York Botanical Garden herbarium is probably an isotype. Ruhland's original (1903) description is "Differt foliis diffuso-caespitosis, in sicco pallide stramineis, vix puberulis, obtusis, setaceo-linearibus, supra coneaviusculis, subtus nervo uno valde prominente quasi bisulcatis, 1--1,5 cm longis; vaginis folia superantibus, oblique fissis, arctis, striatis, lamina paul- lo recurva, acuta instructis; capitulis bracteisque involucranti- bus ut in varietate antecedente [var. recurvifolius Ruhl .]; pedun— culis gracilibus, costatis, tortis, subflexuosis, 12 cm longis." The variety has been encountered on "campos cienagosas" at 200— 500 meters altitude, flowering in April and July. The Dupatya fischeriana Kuntze (1902), referred to in the synonymy above, is a 80 BPA TVONLO GREE Vol. 36, now 1 synonym of Syngonanthus fischerianus (Bong.) Ruhl. and is based on a misidentification by Kuntze of the type specimen in the Ber- lin herbarium. Steinbach describes the flowers of S. gracilis var. bolivianus as "flor paposa blanca", Citations: BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: Kuntze 55 (B-type), s.n. [Ost Velasco, VII.92] (N, N); Perrottet 766 (V—1)3602); J. Steinbach 5507 (N, W--1),72861) . SYNGONANTHUS GRACILIS var. GLABRIUSCULUS Ruhl. in Engl., Pflan- zenreich 13 (l-30): 251 [as "glabriuscula"]. 1903; Molden- ke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 18 & 58. 196. Synonymy: Eriocaulon glabrum Salzm. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 281 & 33h. 1855. Paepalanthus gracilis var. a Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 60—63. 1863. Eriocaulon glabrum Steud. apud Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 1: 878, in syn. 1893. Limnoxeranthemum glabrum Salzm. ex Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 2: 8). 189). Syngonanthus gracilis var. glabriuscula Ruhl. in Engi., Pflanzenreich 13 (L= 30): 241. 1903. Limnoxeranthemum (Eriocaulon) glabrum Salam. ex Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (l-30): 251, in syn. 1903. Pae- palanthus gracilis var. Of Korn. apud Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzen- reich 13 (4-30): 251, in syn. 1903. Paepalanthus glaber Korn. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 20, in syn. 1959. Syngonanthus gracil- is var. glabriusculis Ruhl. ex Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 2: 962, sphalm. 1971. Bibliography: Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 280, 281, & 33h. 1855; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 460-63. 1863; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 1: 878 (1893) and imp. 1, 2: 8h. 1894; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (l-30): 251, 285, 290, & 293. 1903; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 2, 1: 878 (196) and imp. 2, 2: 84. 196; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 18, 35, Lh, 9, & 58. 196; Moldenke, Phy- tologia 2: 352 & 37h. 1947; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 3: 710 & 975. 199; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 65, 92, & 213. 1949; Moldenke in Maguire, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 9: 101. 1953; Moldenke, Phytologia h: 318. 1953; Moldenke in J. A. Steyerm., Fieldiana Bot. 28: 82). 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 73, 107, 288, 310, 325, 351, & 492. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 20 (19595 and 2: 5. 19603; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 3, 1: 878 (1960) and imp. 3, 2: 8. 1960; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 3: 1) (1962) and 12: 3. 1965; J. A. Steyerm., Act. Bot. Venez. 1: 27. 1966; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: 6. 1968; Molden- ke, Phytologia 18: 388. 1969; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 127, 133, & 17h (1971) and 2: 501, 549, 583, 636, & 962. 1971; Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeogr. Est. S. Paulo, ed. 1, 6: 1162 & Ind. 28. 19723 Moldenke, Phytologia 28: hO (1974), 30: 52 (1975), 31: 383 & 408 (1975), 3h: 487 (1976), and 35: 18 & 125. 1976. This variety is apparently based on the Paepalanthus gracilis var. a of Kérnicke (1863) and that, in turn, is presumably based 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 81 on Salzmann s.n. from "auf feuchten Wiesen" in Bahia, Brazil, and P, Clausen 68 and Martius 1083 from Minas Gerais, Brazil, all de- posited in the Berlin herbarium. Ruhland (1903) describes it as follows: "Differt foliis irregulariter caespitosis, fere latius- cule linearibus, chartaceo-membranaceis, pallide olivaceo- vel glaucescenti-viridibus, obtusis, glabris, vel supra dense hirto- puberulis, dein glabriusculis et albo-punctulatis, 1—1,5 cm lon gis, interdum 2/3 m latis; vaginis arctis, leviter striatulis, vix puberulis vel glabriusculis; pedunculis plerumque valde tor- tis, erectis, 3-costatis, in sulcis arcte appresso-incanis, ceter- um sparse et longiuscule pilosis, mox glabris, 20 cm saepe exce— dentibus; bracteis involucrantibus rotundato-obtusis, aureo- flavidis, glabris, capitulum plus minus concavo-includentibus." He cites from Bahia Salzmann s.n. and from Minas Gerais P. Clausen 68, prion 11845 & 17308, Martius 1083, Sena s.n. [Herb. Schwacke 12828 8), dA. Silveira T1551 ae a collectors refer to this plant as a rosette herb "bear— ing a single head", the inflorescences to 15 cm. tall, the flower- heads grayish, and the flowers white. They have found it growing in sandy soil, on wet campos, in moist meadows, on sandy dry or white-sand savannas, and in Vellozia associations, at altitudes of 200--1980 meters, flowering from April to August and in November, in fruit in May, August, and November. Irwin and his associates found it "locally common in wet places on creek margins"; Maguire and his associates found it "frequent on open banks" and "common on savannas"; Murga Pires & Cavalcante refer to it as "frequent on wet sandy savannas", Ruiz-Ter4n and Lépez-Palacios describe it as "Hierba rosulada. Hojas hasta 10 mm. de largo. Escapos hasta de 8 cm. de longitud, cilfndricos. Cap{ftulos globosos [or "hemisféricos"] 2—6 mm. de di4metro. Flores blanquecinas". They have encountered it on "oril- las de la carretera". Mori 829 is placed here only tentativel it is obviously very immature, the flower-heads are very small and too pointed to be typical. It was found growing in "open barrows of white sand with many lichens and Eriocaulaceae along ponds in open sand.” The Angely (1972) reference in the bibliography is often cited as "1970", the title-page date, but was not actually issued until 1972 « Material of this variety has been misidentified anc cistributed in some herbaria under the names, Eriocaulon repens Lam., Paepal- anthus sp., and Syngonanthus nitens Kunth. On the other ee! Glaziou 15680, distributed as S. “S. gracilis var. glabriusculus, actually var. aureus Ruhl. Phelps & & Hitchcock sen. [February am 1949] is a mixture with typical S. gracilis acilis (Bong.) Ruhl., while Hallé bilg is a mixture with something not eriocaulaceous. Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Foldats 35u5 (Ve); Phelps & Hitchcock s.n. [February 12, 199], in part (N, N, N). Bolf- var: Ruiz-Ter4n & Lépez-Palacios 10979 (Mi), 12421 (Ld). SURINAM: Maguire, Schulz, “Soderstrom, & Holmgren 51,216 (N). FRENCH GUIANA: 82 ReH OV ST tO NO, Gaal cA Vol. 36, no. 1 Hallé 512, in part (P). BRAZIL: Amapd: W. A. Egler 153 [Herb. Yus. Goeldi 2609] (Mi); Irwin & Westra 7259 (N); Murga Pires & Cavalcante 5205 (N). Amazénas: Mori 829 (Ws). Goids: Irwin, Souza, & Reis dos Santos 9756 (N). Mato Grosso: Irwin, Grear, Souza, & Reis dos Santos 1595 (Ld, N). Minas Gerais: P. Clausen 68 Gal cotree), 16h (B), sen. sen. (P)5 Martius 1083 (B--cotype, Mu-- cotype), Sen. ae uvidis altis herbaceis et turfosis prope Itambé] (Mu). Paraiba: Coélho de Moraes 2210 (Z), 2212a (Mm). Roraima: G. A. Black 51-13126 (Be—-70882); Pra Prance, Forero, Pena, & Ramos 1190 (Ld, N, S). State undetermined: J. F.T. ~ 1. Miller 90 (Ree MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: drawings & notes by Kornicke (B). SYNGONANTHUS GRACILIS var. GRISEUS Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 251 [as "grisea"]. 1903; Moldenke, known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 18 & 58. 196. Synonymy: Syngonanthus gracilis var. grisea Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 ()-30): 251. 1903. Bibliography: Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 251 & 293. 1903; Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 18. 1928; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 18 & 58. 196; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Dis- trib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 92 & 213. 199; Angely, Fl. Paran. 10: 12 & 15, 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 107, 352, & 92. 1959; Angely, Fl. Anal. Paran., ed. 1, 201. 1965; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 17h (1971) and 2: 636 & 962. niswabe This variety is based on three collections in the Berlin herb= arium: Herb. Bernhardi s.n. from Bahia, Burchell 576 from Minas Gerais, and Schwacke 283 from Santa Gatdrinal Brazil. The last~ wentionsa is cited by Ruhland (1903) as from pooanae but according to a letter to me from Dr. Angely, dated December g. 1957, the locality of collection was, indeed, in the state of Parand in 1903, but in 1919 the boundaries of Parand and Santa Catarina were of- ficially changed and the locality in question is now definitely in Santa Catarina. Ruhland's original (1903) description of the variety is: "Dif- fert foliis linearibus, obtusiusculis, subtus plerumque plurinerv- iis, glabris vel vilis longis hinc inde conspersis deinque glab- riusculis, apice semper recurvatis; vaginis laxiusculis, folia vix vel non superantibus, glabriusculis, striatulis; pedunculis erectis, interdum acutangulo-3-costatis, pilis brevissimis sparse instructis, cito omnino glabris, tortis, brunneo-fuscis; capitu- lis globosis, griseis, pallidis, densifloris; bracteis involu- crantibus obovatis, obtusiusculis, glabris, concavis, pallidis." Silveira (1928) cites A. Silveira 847 from Itacambira, Minas Ger- ais, collected in 1926. SYNGONANTHUS GRACILIS var. HIRTELLUS (Steud.) Ruhl. in Engl., Pfl- anzenreich 13 (4-30): 249 [as "hirtella"]. 1903; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 18 & 58. 196. Synonymy’ Eriocaulon hirtellum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 83 280. 1855. Limnoxeranthemum pubescens Salzm. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 280, in syn. 1855. Paepalanthus gracilis var. c Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 61, in part. 1863. Syngonan- thus gracilis var. hirtella (Steud.) Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzen- reich 13 (l-30): 249. 1903. Eriocaulon hirtellus Steud. apud Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 249, in syn. 1903. Pae- palanthus hirtellus var. @ Korn. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 21, in syn. 1959. Paepalanthus pohlianus var. ® Mart. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 22, in syn. 1959. ane tristis Korn. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 22, in syn. 1959. Bibliography: Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 280 & 33h. 1855; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 461. 1863; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 1: 878. 1893; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzen- reich 13 (4-30): 2h9--251, 286, 290, & 293. 1903; Herzog in Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. 29: 212. 1931; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 2, 1: 878. 1946; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 18, 35, 49, & 58. 1946; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 352 & 37h. 1947; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 3: 975. 1949; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 65, 92, & 213. 1949; Moldenke, Phyto- logia 4: 318. 1953; Moldenke in J. A. Steyerm., Fieldiana Bot, 28: 82h. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 73, 107, 289, 325, 352, & 492. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 21 & 22. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 3, 1: 878. 1960; J. A. Steyerm., Act. Bot. Venez. 1: 27. 1966; Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeogr. Est. S. Paulo, ed. 1, 6: 1162 & Ind. 28. 1972; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 318 (1975), 31: 383 (1975), 34: 275 (1976), and 35: 338. 1977. Steudel's original (1855) description of this taxon is: "Caes- pitosum subacaule pusillum; foliis angustissimis linearibus scab- riusculis brevibus (vix 1/2" longis, 1/3" latis); vaginis quam folia duplo longioribus scapisque patenti glanduloso-pilosis; scapis solitariis 1—-l-pollicaribus; capitulo hemisphaerico glab- ro; bracteis involucrantibus ovatis obtusis (piso parum majoribus); flosculis ipsis basi nmudis; receptaculo piloso. Limnoxeranthemum pubescens Salzm. Bahia." Limnoxeranthemum pubescens Salam. is re- garded by Ruhland as a synonym of Syngonanthus gracilis var. koernickeams Ruhl., but it certainly has to go wherever the name, Eriocaulon hirtellum Steud., goes and that is the name-bringing synonym of Syngonanthus gracilis var. hirtellus (Steud.) Ruhl. Ruhland (1903) cites no specimens for this variety, but implies that it is very widely distributed in the states of Amaz6nas, Ba- hia, Goids, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and S4%0 Paulo, Brazil. He comments that "Varietas latissime divulgata et habitu constan- te est. Sed species non habenda est, quod indumentum foliorum et vaginae valde variabilis transitum ad sequentum [vars. tenuissims, olivaceus, subinflatus, pallidus, amazonicus, koernickeams, glab- riusculus, aureus, griseus, setaceus, recurvifolius and boliviams Ruhl.] faciunt." He describes it as "Differt styli appendicibus nullis; bracteis involucrantibus fuscescenti-flavidis, capitulum vix includentibus; pedunculis apicem versus glandulifero-pilosis." 8h Pe Hee Yseclys Oop Lin Oi G: salanAs Vol. 36, now l Recent collectors refer to the plant as having inflorescences to 8 cm. tall and the flower-—heads yellow-brown. Davidse and his associates speak of it having "spikelets white", but there are no spikelets -- the flowers are in heads. Collectors have encounter-— ed it on "campo cerrado", among rocks, in large swampy savannas, "in sand along streamlet at top of waterfall", and in wet places in rocky campo, at 125--1250 meters altitude, flowering from March to May and in July, August, and December, in fruit in March and December. Wurdack & Adderley refer to it as "occasional", while Anderson found it "on grassy campo with scattered trees on crystal sand, wet in places". Ruiz-Terdn & Lépez—Palacios describe the plant as "Hierba minima, en suelo himedo e musgoso, a la sombra de rocas de arenitica. Roseta de 7--10 mm. de largo. LEscapos e- rectos, 5--6 cm." anc founa it growing on the "orillas de la car- retera". Paepalanthus hirtellus var. it is based on Widgren s.n. [185] in the Berlin herbarium. Kornicke's P. gracilis var. c was based by him on Spruce s.n. from Amaz6nas, Salzmann son. from Bahia, Pohl s.n. and Weddell 2136 from Goids, Gardner 2748 from Piaui, Gardner s.n., Martius s.n., and Widgren son. from Minas Gerais, Martius s.n. and Vauthier s.n. from Rio de Janeiro, and Riedel 230) from SH0 Paulo. It should be noted here again that the Angely (1972) reference in the bibliography of this taxon is often cited as "1970", the title-page date, but the work was not actually issued until 1972. On the other hand, the Steyermark (1966) reference is sometimes cited as "1967", but actually was published in 1966. Prance, Pennington, & Murga Pires 1283 & 128) are mixtures with paeaatamend s polytrichoides Ku Kunth and Syn Syngonanthus bellus Moldenke. Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Wurdack & Adderle 43697 (N, S). Bolivar: Davidse, Ramia, & Montes U8h6 (La); Merx= miller 22955 (Mu); Ruiz-Terén & Lépez-Palacios 11288 11288 (Mi). BRAZIL: Goids: W. R. Anderson 8065 (Ld, N); Irwin, Grear, So Souza, & Reis dos Santos 13341 (N), 13388a (N). Wavenhdo® Wie ihites Bixee & Black 2251 (Ss), 2066 (Z). Minas Gerais: Widgren s.n. [185] (B). . Para: Ducke s.n. [Herb. Mus. Goeldi 16257] (Bs); Murga Pires & Silva 20h (N), L718 (Ca--28212, N); E. Pereira 5109 109 [Herb. Brad. 12,71] (Iw); Prance, _ Pennington, & Murga Pires TEES in part (N), 1284, in part (N, S). State mice commas G. Gardner s.n. (B). MOUNTED IL- LUSTRATIONS: drawings & notes by Kornicke (BeBe Spee). SYNGONANTHUS GRACILIS var. KOERNICKEANUS Ruh. in Engl., Pflanzen- reich 13 (4-30): 250--251 [as "koernickeana"]. 1903; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 18 & 58. 1916. Synonymy: Paepalanthus brizoides Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 53, in part. 181. Eriocaulon brizoides Kunth ex D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 262. 1852. Eriocaulon brizoides (Kunth) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glun, 2: [Cyp.] 281. 1855; Moldenke, Résumé 286, in syn. 1959. Paepalanthus gracilis var.@ Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 460--263. 1863. LTT Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 85 Paepalanthus gracilis var. @ subvar. Q Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 460, 461, & 63. 1863. Paepalanthus glandulifer Mart. ex Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 46h, in syn. 1863. Eriocaulon brizoides Steud. apud Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. PEE 877, in syn. 1893. Paepalanthus glanduliferus Mart. apud Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 2: 402, in syn. 189). Paepalanthus gracilis var. b subvar.q¢ Korn. ex Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 250, in syn. 1903. Syngonanthus gracilis var. koernickeana Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30) : 250. 1903. Paepalanthus gracilis var. b var.({ Korn. ex Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 290, sphalm. 1903. Syngonanthus eriophyllus var. glanduliferus Ruhl. ex Moldenke in Gleason & Kil- lip, Brittonia 3: 159. 1939. Syngonanthus eriophyllus var. glandu- lifer Ruhl. ex Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 57, in syn. 196. Paepalanthus filiformis Mart. ex Moldenke, Résumé 325, in syn. 1959. Paepalanthus filiformis var. minor Mart. ex Moldenke, Résumé 325, in syn. 1959. Paepalanthus gracilis var. g Korn. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 20, in syn. 1959. Syngonanthus gracil- is var. koernickieanus Ruhl. ex Moldenke, Fifth Summ, 2: 636, in syn. 1971. Bibliography: Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 53 & 62). 181; D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 262. 1852; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 281 & 333. 1855; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 460-6. 1863; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 2: 8h, Ol, & 402. 189h; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (l-30): 29--251, 285, 290, & 293. 1903; Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 18. 1928; Moldenke in Gleason & Killip, Brittonia 3: 159. 1939; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 2, 1: 877 (196) and imp. 2, 2: 8h, Ol, & 02. 1946; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 7, 18, 33, lh, 5, 48, 49, 57, 58, & 61. 196; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 352, 373, & 377. 1947; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. h: 985. 199; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 92 & 213. 1949; Moldenke, Phy- tologia 4: 319. 1953; Moldenke, Résumé 69, 73, 77, 107, 286, 310, 323, 325, 351, 352, & 492. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 5 & 20. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 3, 1: 877 (1960) and imp. 3, 2: 84, Ol, & 02. 1960; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 3: 12 & 14 (1962) and h: 4. 1962; Van Donselaar, Wentia 1: 70. 1965; Kramer & Van Donselaar, Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijksuniv. Utrecht 309: opp. 500 & 509, tab. 1 & 2. 1968; Lindeman & Gérts- van Rijn in Pulle & Lanjouw, Fl. Surin. 1 [Meded. Konink. Inst. Trop. 30, Afd. Trop. Prod. 11]: 336. 1968; Koyama & Oldenburger, Rhodora 73: 159. 1971; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 120, 127, 131, 133, 13h, & 17h (1971) and 2: 495, 5u9, 578, 582, 583, 6%, & 962. 1971; Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeogr. Est. S. Paulo, ed. 1, 6: 1162 & Ind. 28. 1972; Moldenke & Sm. in Reitz, Fl. Ilust. Catar. I Erio: 78 & 101. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 34: 276 (1976) and 35: 291. 1977. [to be contimed] BOOK REVIEWS Alma L. Moldenke "FACES OF THE WILDERNESS" by Harvey Broome, xiii & 271 pp., illus., Mountain Press Publishing Co., Missoula, Montana 59801. 1972. $7.95. This book carries a FOREWORD by William 0. Douglas who rated Harvey Broome as a "joyous companion" in backpacking and camping, an "advocate extraordinary" for the preservation of unique wilderness areas, and "rated along with Henry Thoreau and John Muir" in outdoor literature. Harvey Broome was one of the founders of The Wilderness Society in 1935 and one of its leaders until his death in 1968. The Wilderness Society has sponsored this publication. The council of The Wilderness Society holds its anmal meet-— ings not at its highly urbanized headquarters in Washington, D.C., but in places of wilderness concern such as the Okefinokee Swamp, Grand Tetons, Bitterroot Forest, Olympics and Olympia Beach, or the Great Smokies. The text comes from accounts of such trips in the author's journal and is well garnished by a baker's dozen of fine black/white photographs. In the Sun River country of Montana with its "magnificent beauty and peace people like these tiny figures around this campfire had fought for this beautiful range. Others, in greater numbers, had burned our forests, had denuded our plains, had extinguished noble species of game, had muddied our rivers, and were sweeping the richness of our country to the oceans and the Gulf....What the wilderness movement needs to do more than anything else is to.....bring to people generally «eeeeereverence for the natural scene." Well worth reading! "ECOLOGICAL CRISIS - Readings for Survival" edited by Glen A. & Rhoda M. Love, ix & 342 pp., illus., Harcourt, Brace, & Jovanovich, Inc., New York, N. Y. 10001. 1971. $5.95 paperbound. This thoughtfully compelling collection of 22 papers authored in direct and interesting language as contributions previously published in about as many other journals and/or books certainly should achieve the Loves' intent "to provoke discussion — and action - toward an enhanced quality of life for all people on the earth". The results of alternatively continuing to pollute our air, our water, our land and ourselves cannot be dismissed as "scare tactics" but as inexorably "eco-catastrophic",. 86 1977 Moldenke, Book reviews 87 "A FLORA OF TROPICAL FLORIDA — A Mammal of the Seed Plants and Ferns of Southern Peninsular Florida", 2nd Edition, by Robert W. Long and Olga Lakela, xvii & 962 pp., illus., Banyan Books, Miami, Florida 33143. 1976. $29.50. Besides being a very well prepared, worthwhile and workable manual, this book must also have been a highly successful seller to need another printing within only a five year span! In this new edition the pagination and illustrations are basic- ally the same. On about 140 pages small text, key, nomenclature and distribution revisions have been made. There has also been a change in publishers from the University of Miami Press (itself reorganized) to Banyan Books. The same "head count" of 167 spe- cies along with 190 subspecific taxa in 762 genera in 179 plant families has been maintained, Botany students at area colleges and universities, many skilled technicians in ecological and agricultural programs, botanically trained tourists, and the increasing number of literate retiree- migrants from the snowbelt to the sunbelt will find this book helpful in distinguishing the individual floral members of this fascinating tropical area of "scrub forests, hammock and tree is- lands, freshwater swamps, dry pineland, wet or low pineland, the mangroves, salt marshes, wet prairies, dry prairies, coastal strands and dunes, pond and river margins, marine communities, and ruderal communities." This book serves as an excellent monument to the research and teaching careers of the authors. "PLANTS OF THE TAMPA BAY AREA, Revised Edition (3rd) by Olga La- kela, Robert W. Long, Glenn Fleming & Pierre Genelle, 198 pp., illus., Banyan Books, Miami, Florida 33143. 1976. $7.95 paperbound. This contribution is No. 73 from the Botanical Laboratories, University of South Florida at Tampa. The only illustration is a needed page map of the area. "The purpose of this book is to present a listing of the native, naturalized, and commonly culti- vated plants of the area bordering Tampa Bay. For taxonomic descriptions and diagnostic keys reference is made to J. K. Small's "Manual" and to Long & Lakela's "Flora of Tropical Florida". In all 1306 species in 582 genera in 167 families are included. At the end of the book are corrections and late additions. The authority for Verbena tenuisecta is Briquet; the "Vitex trifolian L., planted and escaping, is var. subtrisecta; the "Verbena offic- inalis" L. in wooded lots and berms is more likely to be V. halei which is common in such areas. The European V. officinalis may be grown in some gardens or occur on ballast, but is certainly not a common escapee. Lantana aculeata is given as a synonym under L. camara, but it is better treated as a valid variety, as is done by the senior authors in their Mammal. The same treatment should ap- 88 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 36, now. 1 ply to L. odorata listed under L. jnvolucrata. Avicennia germinn ans (L.) Stearn 4s an illegitimate name that mst be relegated to synonymy under A. germinans (ie) as This book has been and can contimue to be of considerable use in the area. NGROWING FOOD IN SOUTH FLORIDA" by Felice Dickson, 128 pp., illus., Banyan Books, Miami, Florida 33143- 1975- $5.95. For 8 years the author has been the Farm and Garden Editor of "The Miami Herald" and for even a decade earlier she has been an enthusiast for tropical horticulture after having met our mtual greatly admired friend, Dr. Edwin A. Menninger, the Flowering Tree Man, of Stuart, Florida. This easily readable, interesting, accurate, attractive, simple book offers guidance for experienced °F engenue, chemical or or= ganic, large acreage Or small plot, potted or hydroponic gardeners wishing to raise appropriate temperate and newer tropical vegetable crops. She pays tribute to the valuable directions available free through trained county agents in the Cooperative Extension Service. "WILD FLOWERS OF FLORIDA" by Glenn Fleming, Pierre Genelle & Robert W. Long, 96 pp., illus., Banyan Books, Inc., Miami, Florida. 1976. $3.95 paperback. This is a souvenir type book made particularly attractive by 156 fine legended color photographs taken mainly by the first two auth= ors and made botanically valuable by checking with the last author. On page 82, however, it is Verbena tenuisecta Briq. which is pic- tured, not V. canadensis as there stated. In the common name and scientific name listing on p. 15 Avicennia germinans should be credited to "(L.) L." and Verbena canadensis to "(L.) Britton". Out of the vast total of the Floridian flora those most commonly encountered in fields and along roadsides have here been selected . and arranged in four color groupings — whitish, yellowish, pink- reddish, and purple-bluish. - PHYTOLOGIA Designed to expedite botanical publication Vol. 36 June 1977 No. 2 CONTENTS GLASSMAN, S. F., Preliminary taxonomic studies in the palm genus Lo NCR) Sd ae RE CRY oF GE Ines Se ee. oe 89 MOLDENKE, H.N., Notes on new and noteworthy plants.C. ....... 116 MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the genus Verbena. XXIV .... 117 Ee A Ls BOOK FEVIEWS 02 oes ok a oak hie kcdlele bs oelse es 159 LISRARY JUL 5 1977 Nov¥ YOR j BOTA; K % Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 303 Parkside Road Plainfield, New Jersey 07060 U.S.A. Price of this number, $2; per volume, $9.75 in advance or $10.50 after close of the volume; 75 cents extra to all foreign addresses; + 512 pages constitute a volume PRELIMINARY TAXONOMIC STUDIES IN THE PALM GENUS ORBIGNYA MART.* S. F. Glassman Professor of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago Circle and Research Associate in Palms, Field Museum, Chicago. Martius first erected the genus Orbignya in 1837. No species nite described in this article, but in 1844 he delineated - phalerata and O. humilis as the first two taxa. At later ee other species of Orbignya were described or transferred from other genera (mainly Attalea) by Drude (1881), Barbosa Rodrigues (1879,1888, 1891, 1898, 1903), Burret (1929, 1930, 1932, 1940), Bondar (1954) and several other authors. Perhaps the most detailed treatment of Orbignya was by Burret (1929). He recognized a total of 19 species and at the same time divided the genus into three sections: Distichanthus Burret, Pleiostichanthus Burret and Spirostachys Burret. In the first two sections the male flowers are arranged in two rows along the rachillae of the male spadix (and in turn they are distinguished from each other by whether the fibers in the fruit endocarp are abundant or scarce to absent), whereas in the section Spirostachys, the male flowers are spirally arranged around the rachillae. Burret also presented a partial key to the sections and species within each. Of 13 species partly keyed out in the first section, eight are listed as unknown or doubtful; of four listed in the second section, two are listed as doubtful; and in the third section the two species are not keyed out and one is listed as doubtful. In his "Palms of Brazil," Bondar (1964) listed 14 species of Orbignya, some with brief descriptions, but without keys. As previously mentioned in Glassman (1977), Wessels Boer (1965, 1972) treated all species of Orbignya, as well as other closely related genera in Surinam and Venezuela, as part of the genus Attalea, sensu lata. Closely related genera to Orbignya (Attalea, Scheelea, Maximiliana, Parascheelea and Markleya) have been discussed and differentiated in Glassman (1977). In preparing this study several facts became evident. In most cases, type specimens for each species of Orbignya are either fragmentary or nonexistent, very few additional collections have been made for each species, and descriptive and illustrative *This research has been supported by NSF grant BMS 75 09779. 89 90 PHY TOL 0.6.1 A Vol. 36, no. 2 information is usually inadequate. The following is a description of the genus Orbignya as it is presently delimited: tall trees mostly with smooth trunks and inconspicuous leaf scars, or lacking trunks (acaulescent); leaves usually very long, pinnately compound, leaf base conspic- uous, petiole sometimes short, with fibrous margins; pinnae single for the most part, but clustered in several taxa; plants monoecious, flowers unisexual, both androgynous and male spathes woody and deeply sulcate, usually terminating in a fairly long umbo; androgynous spadices usually with many branches (rachillae), each branch with few to several female flowers along basal part forming triads with two male flowers, the terminal portion slender with male flowers only; female flowers relatively large (2.0 to 4.5 cm long), subtended by two bracts, with 3 subequal or equal convex imbricate sepals and 3 similar petals, pistil with a well developed staminodial ring surrounding the ovary, carpels 3-several, fused, stigmas 3-6, style short or absent; male spadices many branched, male flowers usually arranged on one side of the rachillae, sometimes spirally arranged; male flowers with 3 short sepals and 2-5 much longer flattened, curved, obovate or ovate petals which are often fused and irregularly notched, stamens 6-24 per flower, included in the petals, thecas of anthers separate and divergent, irregularly coiled and inrolled, fruits l-several seeded, exocarp fibrous, mesocarp usually pulpy and fibrous, endocarp stony, usually more than twice as thick as exocarp and mesocarp combined, frequently dotted with clusters of fibers, persistent perianth and staminodial ring enlarged in fruit; seeds conforming to size and shape of locules, endosperm homogeneous. A total of 30 species has been described or transferred under the name Orbignya. Of this number, 18 (including six synonyms) definitely or most probably belong to Orbignya; one species, O. dubia, is definitely not Orbignya; and the third category (doubtful or uncertain taxa) encompasses five names. Also included here are species closely related to Orbignya, but probably belonging to different genera: Attalea crassispatha, Markleya dahlgreniana and Parascheelea anchistropetala. The following key, based on specimens examined plus descriptions and illustrations, includes 21 taxa (18 species of Orbignya and the three closely related species mentioned above). One should be reminded, however, that this is a preliminary study and that several species are based on incomplete collections or in some cases only descriptions and illustrations. Only with further collections can the full range of variability be deter- mined; but in some cases this is not possible because the species mort Glassman, Preliminary studies in Orbignya 91 either has become extinct or its original habitat appears to have been destroyed. Subsequent to the species key, each of the four categories of species mentioned above are arranged alphabetically with the author and original place of publication. Sometimes, other pertinent articles are also listed. Complete citations of most of these plus other articles mentioned in the text are listed under LITERATURE CITED at the end. Pertinent synonyms are also listed. The type of each species, when known, is listed and is then followed by a list of cited specimens examined by the author. Holotypes, isotypes and lectotypes are specifically listed as such; however, when its status is uncertain it is merely called "type." For each specimen, collector's name and collecting number is followed by a symbol of the herbarium where the collection is deposited. Abbreviations of herbaria used here are those listed in "Index Herbariorum" by Holmgren and Keuken (1974). Key to Species of Orbignya and Related Genera 1. Middle pinnae mostly in clusters of 2-4 2. Plants acaulescent or with short trunk, middle pinnae 15-56 cm long and 2.5-3 cm wide, stamens 12-24 per flower 3. Stamens 12-16 4. Fruit 5 seeded, stamens 12-16... . eichleri IO |9 A.9 SErude 2=—3 seeded, Stamens 12 "2. . 6 - humilis 3. Stamens 16-24 5. Female flowers 3-3.5 cm long, stamens 16-18, branched part of androgynous spadix 15 cm long, bracts subtending female flowers not long acuminate aero Solel ene. bs MM cee Bae ce O. campestris 5. Female flowers 2.5 cm long, stamens 16-24, branched part of androgynous spadix 40 cm long, bracts subtending female flowers long acuminate, 3-4 cm MONG ew tar sc ee ose harm ae ee er O. longibracteata 2. Plants with trunk 2-25 m high, middle pinnae 80-130 cm long and 3.0-8.0 cm wide, stamens 6-20 per flower 92 ibe BeHe TeO a0) Gaia Vol. 36, no. 2 6. Fruits 7-9 cm long, 3-7 seeded 7. Petals of male flowers lanceolate, broader below gradually narrowed above, stamens 7-10 per flower, fruit 7-8 cm long, 3 seeded, middle pinnae 7-8 cm wide - . . . Markleya dahlgreniana 7. Petals of male flowers narrowed below, abruptly broadened above, stamens 20 per flower, fruit 8-9 cm long, 3-7 seeded, middle pinnae 4-5 cm wide - O. macrocarpa 6. Fruits 3-6 cm long, 1-3 seeded 8. Trunk creeping for several m., upright part 3-4 m high, fruit 5-6 cm long, middle pinnae 5-6 cm wide, stamens 6 or 9-12 ee ee ee eee eee ree, ye LE 8. Trunk 20-25 m high, fruit 3-4.5 cm long, middle pinnae 3-4 cm wide, stamens 9-11 Peet ot el ae omen SAetLalecanenadss taped Middle pinnae not clustered, more or less evenly spaced 9. Plants acaulescent or nearly so 10. Middle pinnae 4-9 cm wide and 90-140 cm long ll. Male flowers 10-13 mm long, spirally arranged around rachilla, stamens 16-24 per ant female flowers 3-4.5 emm@lon ge a. uc - . . . O. cuatrecasana 11. Male flowers 5-10 mm long, arranged on one side of rachilla, stamens 6-16 per flower, female flowers 1.5-2.5 cm long 12. Petals of male flowers broader below and gradually narrowed above, stamens 6-8 per flower, fruits 6-7 em long. . .. . .Parascheelea anchistropetala 12. Petals of male flowers usually narrowed below and abruptly broadened above, stamens 11-16 per flower, fruits 3.5- 4.5 cm long 1977 Glassman, Preliminary studies in Orbignya 93 13. Male flowers completely encircling rachillae of male spadix, stamens 11-16 per flower, endocarp of fruit mostly without fibers -. O. polysticha 13. Male flowers in 3-5 rows on one side of each rachilla of male spadix, stamens about 12 per flower, fibers in fruit endocarp common tiga a ikints «3 . 0. sagotil 10. Middle pinnae 3-4 cm wide and 40-85 cm long 14. Male flowers 9-10 mm long, stamens 22 per flowers. ile sin i 2 © » - « « Os pixuna 14. Male flowers 11-14 mm long, stamens 9-18 per flower 15. Stamens 9-13 per flower, male rachillae 5-6.5 cm long, female flowers 1.5-2 cm long and 1 cm in diam oe 6 © eo 6 ew ee eh el hed O 6Sabulosa 15. Stamens 15-18 per flower, male rachillae 6-12 cm long, female flowers 3 cm long and 2 cm in diam 7 . O. urbaniana 9. Plants 2-20 m tall 16. Middle pinnae 2.5-4 cm wide and 60-90 cm long, fruit about 7.5 cm long 17. Stamens mostly 24 per flower, trees about 20 m tall when full grown «le a 6 se owe ee te Os, DLCRAES 17. Stamens 18-20 per flower, trees up to & m tall. . «6s « eee oO. teixeiriana 16. Middle pinnae 4-7 cm wide and 90-150 cm long, fruit 6-12 cm long 18. Middle pinnae 4-5 cm wide, male flowers 10-12 mm long, stamens mostly 20 per flower 19. Plants about 10 m tall when full grown, fruits 6-9 cm long and 4-4.5 cm in diam., middle pinnae about 94 Pony THOSLsO Geek Vol. 36, no. 2 110 cm long; male flowers completely surround rachilla . O. guacuyule 19. Plants 2-5 m tall, fruits about 9 cm long and 6.6 cm in diam, middle pinnae about 80 cm long; male flowers arranged on one side of the rachilla + + « « » O. macrocarpa 18. Middle pinnae 5-7 cm wide, male flowers 13-15 mm long, stamens mostly 24 per flower 20. Trees about 20 m tall when mature, fruits 9-12 cm long with 3-6 seeds, middle pinnae about 150 cm long; male flowers arranged in two rows on one side of rachilla «2 8 © « » « « « O. barbostana 20. Trees about 6 m tall when mature, fruits 7-8 cm long with one seed, middle pinnae about 120 cm long; male flowers com- pletely surround rachilla - O. cohune ORBIGNYA Mart. ex Endlicher, Gen. Pl. 257. 1837 (Conserved name). Orbignya Bertero, Mercurio Chil. 16: 737. 1829 (Euphorbiaceae). Type species: Orbignya phalerata Mart. ORBIGNYA Alphabetical List of Species QO. barbosiana Burret, Notizbl. 11:690. 1932; H.E. Moore, Prin- Cipes 7 Dees eL963i Type: published as a new name for O. speciosa (Mart. ) Barb. Rodr. mainly because of confusion with O. cohune (Mart.) Dahlgr. by Barbosa Rodrigues. Attalea speciosa Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm 2:138, t. 96, fig 3-6. 1826; Wessels Boer, Indig. Palms Suriname, 164-165. 1965. Orbignya speciosa (Mart.) Barb. Rodr., Pl. Nov. Cult. Jard. Bot. ‘Rio ‘de Jan. 1:932,t.) 99 £ig BIl-9.5 289; Sert., Palm: Bras. 1l:t. 52-53, 1903; Burret,.Netizbly, 10:503-505,, Gs 9. 1929. Type: Brazil, Maranhao and Para (no specimens cited) O. lydiae Drude, Mart. Fl. Bras. 3:448, t. 102. 1881; Lindman, Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 26:fig 8. 1900; Dahlgren, pl. 341. 1959. Attalea lydiae (Drude) Barb. Rodr., Sert. Palm. Bras. 1:65. 1903. 1977 Glassman, Preliminary studies in Orbignya 95 Lectotype: Brazil, native to Para, Cult. Rio de Janeiro (Glaziou 9006-C). c.f. Dahlgren 1959, pl. 341. O. martiana Barb. Rodr., Palm, Mattogross. 68, t. 22, t. 23, fig 1-14. 1898. Type: published as a new name for O. speciosa because cf incomplete descriptions (no flowers) by Martius and uncertainty of its delimitation by subsequent authors; ‘ 1903, however, 0. martiana was transferred back to - speciosa. - Macropetala Burret, Notizbl. 10:507. 1929. eee British Guiana, Rupununi (Schomburgk s.n. - B). OQ. oleifera Burret, Notizbl. 14:240. 1938; 15: 103. 1940. Holotype: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Pirapora (Burret 19-B). Specimens examined: Brazil, without locality and collector (F-614714), (F-614748); Para, Tapajos, Kuhlmann 2203 (F-611585), Capucho 537 (F); Sao Luiz, Dahlgren s s.n. (F-615321)3; Mujuhy dos Campos, near Santarem, Dahlgren s.n. (F-615318); Ceara, Serra de Baturite, Dahlgren s.n. (F-613570); Pacoty, Dahlgren s.n. (F-619725); Mato Grosso, region of Rio Machado, Angustura, Krukoff 1600 (F-620732); Minas Gerais, Pirapora, Burret 19 (B, holotype of 0. oleifera; Burret 19 & Brade-RB). Surinam, Palaime Kreek, 20 km. W. of Sipaliwini, Wessels Boer 806 (U); Coeroeni R., in subhydrophytic forest, Wessels Boer 1588 (U). British Guiana, Rupununi, Schomburgk s S.n. (B, holotype of O. macro- petala). Cultivated, Brazil, Belem, prop. Alvaro Alfredo, Dahlgren sen. (F- 615317); British Guiana, Georgetown Bot. Garden, L.H. Bailey 509 (BH), Dahlgren s.n. (F-610806); Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Passeio Publico, Glaziou 9006 (C, lectotype of 0. lydiae; NY, P). Vernacular names: Babassu, Babacu, Uaussu, Baguacu, Guaguacu. Distribution: Brazil, Maranhao, Para, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso; Surinam and British Guiana. Orbignya barbosiana was published as a new name by Burret (1932) for 0. speciosa because the latter species was confused with O. cohune’ (a Central American palm) by Barbosa Rodrigues (p. 32, t. 9, fig 1-9. 1891; p. 16, t. 5B, 1896) and subsequent authors. Moore (1963) was one of the first authors to recognize 0. barbosiana as the valid name, whereas Wessels Boer (1965) considered it to be a superfluous name. There is a fundamental difference between the two species in question: 0. barbosiana has male flowers on one side of the rachilla, while male flowers surround the rachilla in 0. cohune. Barbosa Rodrigues (1898) published 0. martiana as a new name for Attalea speciosa Mart. because the latter was based on inadequate 96 Pra YT: OULv 0" Griek Vol. 36, no. 2 descriptions as well as incomplete collections. Neither Martius (1826, 1844, 1845, 1853), Wallace (1853), Spruce (1871), Trail (1876), nor Drude (1881) described or collected flowers from this species; but in 1898 Barbosa Rodrigues fully described and illustrated specimens he had personally collected. At the time the following distributional information was also given: "Brazil; equatorial and oriental, in silvis Rio Arinos, serra dos Parecis, Rosario, Rio Cuiyaba, S. Miguel das Areias, Tombador, in Mato Grosso. Also in woods near Rios Tapajos, Madeira, Purus, near upper Rio Amazonas; cultivated in Jardim Botanico Rio, no. 1398. Extends from the Guianas to the forests of Amazonas entering Mato Grosso (forming large forests) and continuing into Bolivia." After some deliberation, Barbosa Rodrigues (1903) decided to transfer 0. martiana back to his original combination of 0. speciosa. Barbosa Rodrigues (1898) also considered 0. lydiae Drude to be conspecific with O. martiana because Drude (1881) had described this species from incomplete collections as well as including incorrect information on its morphology. Furthermore, Drude could not adequately compare his material with Attalea speciosa since it was incompletely known at the time. After Drude published his article, Barbosa Rodrigues made complete collections (unfor- tunately none of these specimens has been located) from the original tree in Passeio Publico, Rio de Janeiro, and after studying these specimens decided that 0. lydiae was synonymous with the "Baguacu" of Mato Grosso and "Uauassu" of Amazonas. He also noted that the plant described as "acaulous" had actually grown into a large tree. In spite of his discussion in 1898, Barbosa Rodrigues (1903) apparently still recognized 0. lydiae as a distinct species because he transferred it to the genus Attalea. Lindman (1900) illustrated this species in a palm forest, with the caption: "Oauassu," the largest and most beautiful palm in Mato Grosso. Moore (1963) says that this taxon is incompletely known, however, I am tentatively treating QO. lydiae as a synonym of O. barbosiana because a comparison of the two species reveals many similarities. Burret (1938) described OQ. oleifera as a new species to distinguish it from 0. barbosiana, and further stated this was the Babassu palin from whose seed oil is extracted. He said he inadvertently included 0. oleifera under his discussion of 0. martiana in 1929 when he referred to t. 53, fig. 23-25 (1903) of Barbosa Rodrigues which is the same as t. 22 (1898) of the same author. The remaining parts of these plates (t. 53, fig 13-22, 1903; and t. 23A, 1898) pertain to 0. barbosiana. Unfortunately, Burret did not indicate any significant differences between the two taxa in either article (1938, 1940); his description of O. oleifera is rather sketchy (e.g., size of pinnae, male and female flowers and spadices are lacking, as well as size of the 1977 Glassman, Preliminary studies in Orbignya 97 tree); and type specimens consist only of leaf material. Burret (1940) also cites Hopp 3013 (B) from Mato Grosso, but I was unable to locate this specimen. Also there is no information on the distribution range of this species except for that given in the cited specimens. OQ. campestris Barb. Rodr., Palm. Mattogross. 78. t. 25. 1898; te DOB MELONS Lectotype: Brazil, Mato Grosso, Capao Bonito (t. 25, 1898). c.f. Glassman 1972, p. 178. Vernacular names: Indaya verdadeiro, Indaya redondo. Distribution: Brazil, described from the state of Mato Grosso. Barbosa Rodrigues (1898) lists B.R. 240 under this species, but no specimens have been located. Therefore, the above lectotype was designated. Even though authentic specimens have not been examined, this taxon seems to be distinct based on its description. During early September, 1976, I visited Capao Bonito, presumably the type locality of this species and apparently that of 0. longi- bracteata Barb. Rodr. and O. macrocarpa Barb. Rodr., as well. This locality is between Sidrolandia and Maracaju within the boundaries of Fazenda Santa Luzia. It is a heavily wooded area surrounded on all sides by agricultural land. Although several kinds of palms grew in the region in the past, none are found there today (with the exception of scattered specimens of a short species of Butia). This is another sad example of destruction of palm habitats by the rapid spread of agriculture in the state of Mato Grosso. Q. cohune (Mart.) Dahlgren ex Standley, Trop. Woods 30:3. 19325 Burret, Notizbl. 11:688. 1932; Standley & Steyermark, fig. 46, 1958. Attalea cohune Mart., Palmet. Orbign. 121. USA As te. Ges 18458 Lectotype: Honduras (Martius t. 167. 1845) c.f. Glassman WO pis 2d. OQ. Dammeriana Barb. Rodr., Sert. Palm. Bras. 1:62, t. 54. 1903. Lectotype: Brazil, cult. Jard. Bot. Rio (Glaziou 16468-B). Specimens examined: British Honduras, Punta Gorda, H.W. Turner s.n. (F); without locality, J.B. Kinloch s.n. ~(F); Stann Creek Valley, P.H. Geortle 3234 (B-photo of male spadix). Honduras, Puerto Sierra, P. Wilson 472 (F); Dept. Atlantida, Pescetilia Valley, near Tela, wet forest, Standley 53981 98 Pat Yul sOpl OsGeiek Vol. 36, now 2 (F); vicinity of Lancetilla, forests, T.G. Yuncker 4970 (F). Guatemala, Dept. Izabal, between Virginia & Lago Izabal, Steyermark 38771 (F); between Bananera & La Presa, Steyermark 39182, 39210 (F); Dept. Alta Verapaz, woods S.E. of Finca Yalpemech, Steyermark 45211, 45693 (F). Cultivated, Cuba, Soledad, Atkins Gardens, Dahlgren 4619 (F); British Guiana, Georgetown Botanical Gardens, Dahlgren s.n. (F-610577, 610649, 610772, 610697). Brazil, Jard. Bot. Rio, Glaziou 16468 (B, lectotype of 0. dammeriana; C. MO, P). Vernacular Names: Cohune - Honduras. Manaca, Corozo - Guatemala. Distribution: British Honduras, El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala and? Southern Mexico (Quintana Roo & Campeche). No specimens were cited by Martius (1844) in his original des- cription nor could any herbarium material be found in Munich; hence, the selection of t. 167 as the lectotype. Barbosa Rodrigues (1903) did not cite any specimens for Orbignya dammeriana, however, Burret (1929) said that Glaziou 16468 (B), erroneously cited as 16488, probably came from the "type tree" in Jardim Botanico, Rio de Janeiro. The error of citing Glaziou 16488 was perpetuated by both Dahlgren (1936) and Glassman (1972). There is no conclusive proof that Glaziou 16468 (B) actually came from the "type tree,'' nevertheless I have chosen it as the lectotype rather than an illustration of the plant. According to Burret (1929), 0. dammeriana was originally included under 0. speciosa (Mart.) Barb. Rodr. when it was transferred from Attalea to Orbignya by Barbosa Rodrigues (t. 9, fig. 1-9, 1891). According to Moore (1960), pls. 336-338, listed as 0. cohune by Dahlgren (1959), are actually 0. guacuyule. Both species were previously thought to be synonymous, but were differentiated by Hernandez Xolocotzi (1949). OQ. cuatrecasana Dugand, Caldasia 2:285, fig. p. 286. 1943; Cuatrecasas, pl. 2, fig. 2. 1947. Holotype: Colombia, Dept. del Valle, Rio Naya (Cuatrecasas 13980-COL). Specimens examined: Colombia, Dept. del Valle, Rio Naya, Puerto Merizalde, bosque, Cuatrecasas 13980 (COL, holotype; F, isotype); alredores de Puerto Merizalde, I. Barreto & L.A. Kairuz s.n. (COL); Rio Calima (Choco region), La Trojita, Cuatrecasas 16389 (F); Rio Calima Quebrada de la Brea, R.E. Schultes & M. Villareal 7373 (GH); Aqua Dulce, Buenaventura, O.F. Cook 81 (US). 1977 Glassman, Preliminary studies in Orbignya 99 Vernacular names: Palma Corozo, Taparo Grande. Distribution: Endemic to Colombia in forested areas along Pacific Coast. This species is the only Orbignya known from Colombia. It is distinct in being acaulescent, with unclustered pinnae up to 9 cm wide, male flowers spirally arranged around the rachilla, and stamens 16-24 per flower. Dugand placed it in section Spirostachys of Burret (1929) characterized by having male flowers spirally arranged around the rachillae rather than on one side. 0. eichleri Drude, Mart. Fl. Bras. 3:449, t. 103. 1881. Lectotype: Brazil, Goias, Sertao d'Amaroleite (Weddell 2705 - P); c.f. Dahlgren pl. 339. 1959 (excluding leaf). Specimens examined: Brazil central (Goias), Sertao d'Amaro- leite, Weddell 2705 (P, lectotype - excluding leaf); Maranhao, Caxias, Bondar s.n. (F, RB-80812); Maranhao, Ilha dos Botes, J. Murca Pires & G.A. Block 1575a (NY). ch ee Sevesruler names: Piassava, Piassaveira, Pindoba. Distribution: Native to Brazil in states of Goias and Maranhao, and probably Piauhy. In 1881, Drude cited both Gardner 2755 from Piauhy and Weddell 2705; however, only Weddell 2705 (P) has been located, which has the following inscription: "Original at Kew." Since Weddell 2705 (P), consisting of a male spadix and whole leaf, is the only specimen found among those cited by Drude, it has been chosen as the lectotype. The leaf should be excluded from the type, however, because it is certainly not an Orbignya, but most probably is Syagrus flexuosa (Mart.) Becc. Burret (1929) cited Snethlage 648 (B) from Piauhy under 0. eich- leri, but after examining this specimen I could not be sure of its identity because it lacks male flowers and middle pinnae. Bondar (1954) aber out three closely related Brazilian species of Orbignya: speciosa, 0. teixeirana and O. eichleri. One of the pe ee aie he used to distinguish 0. speciosa from the other two taxa was male flowers completely : surrounding rachilla rather than arranged on one side of rachilla. Apparently, Bondar perpetuated the error of confusing 0. speciosa (= 0. barbo- Siana) with 0. cohune because, in fact, the former species has male flowers on one side of the rachilla, whereas in 0. cohune they surround the rachilla. Qa 100 PP Y TeOhbrOrGyTeé Vol. 36, now 2 O. guacuyule (Liebm. ex Mart.). Hernandez X, Bol. Soc. Bot. ~ Mex. 9:17, 1949; Dahlgren, pl. 336-338, 1959. Cocos guacuyule Liebm. ex Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3:323. 1853. Lectotype: Mexico, Oaxaca, pr. Guatulco (Liebmann 6559-C); Coit.» Dahlcrenl) pla 3889959): Cocos Cocoyule Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3:324. 1853. Lectotype: Mexico, Acapulco (Karwinski s.n.-M)}. Specimens examined: Mexico, Dept. Oaxaca, pr. Guatulco, Liebmann 6559 (C, lectotype of Cocos guacuyule); Oaxaca, San Benito, 50-60 m tall, B.P. Reno 3462 (US, photo); Acapulco, Karwinski s.n. (M, “lectotype of C. cocoyule); Rio Verde, Pinotepa a Puerto Escondido, deciduous forest, T.D. Pennington & J. Sarukhan K. 9488 (NY); Guerrero, near Ele Papayo, H.E. Moore & E. Valiente 6199 (BH); State of Nayarit, rich woods outside San Blas, H.E. Moore & V. Cetto 6405 (BH); Colima, road to Manzanillo, H.E. Moore 8166 (BH). Vernacular names: None recorded, but the : specific epithet guacuyule was probably based on a local native name. Distribution: Native to Mexico in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, Michoacan, Colima, Jalisco and Nayarit. No specimens were cited in Martius (1853), hence lectotypes were selected for both C. guacuyule and C. cocoyule. Many authors considered this taxon to be conspecific with O. cohune (including Dahlgren, pl. 336-338, 1959), but according to Hernandez X (1949), they are distinct species with an essen- ee allopatric distribution. The latter author distinguishes guacuyule from 0. cohune mainly by the male flowers having ee acuminate petals 1.2 cm long and 0.5 cm wide, rather than oblanceolate, cuspidate petals 1.5 cm long and 0.7-0.9 cm wide. In both species, however, male flowers completely surround the rachilla rather than being distributed on one side of the rachilla, characteristic of most species of Orbignya. OQ. humilis Mart., Palmet. Orbign. 129, t. 10-2, t. 32. 1844; te OO UCAS 3) ee Zdl6—3)9 lB 49). Type: Bolivia, Prov. Chiquitos, prope Mission S. Anna de los Chiquitos, sandy soil (d'Orbigny 22-P, destroyed?). Specimens examined: Doubtful, Bolivia, Velasco, Otto Kuntze S.n. (NY, US). Unfortunately, no type material has been located in the herbarium at Paris. This taxon appears to be closely related to Orbignya eichleri Drude because descriptions and illustrations of the two agTT Glassman, Preliminary studies in Orbignya 101 species are similar. Both taxa, however, are incompletely known (especially information on middle pinnae is lacking); therefore they cannot be adequately differentiated. In the above cited specimens (Kuntze s.n.) male and female flowers seem to match those of illustrations of 0. humilis, but most of the leaf material from (NY) is probably Syagru: Syagrus flexuosa rather than Orbignya. 0. longibracteata Barb. Rodr., Palm. Mattogross. 79, t. 26, ~ ~ 1898; t. 51, 1903; Burret, Notizbl. 15:103. 1940. Lectotype: Brazil, Mato Grosso, Capa#o Bonito, fere Serra do Melgaco CEPT S908). Specimens examined: Doubtful. Brazil, Mato Grosso, Hopp 3002 (B) - leaf part and two photos. Vernacular names: Indaya mirim, Indaya crespo, Inaja. Distribution: Described from Brazil in the state of Mato Grosso. Barbosa Rodrigues (1898) cited B.R. 239 for this taxon, but no specimens have been located; hence, the selection of t. 5l, 1903, as lectotype. Burret (1940) cited Hopp 3002 with the following information: 140 S. Lat., characteristic palm of the dry forest steppe of Mato Grosso. I have seen this specimen which is presently represented only by a leaf part and two photos, one of a living plant growing out of rocks, and the other photo of a herbarium specimen (prob- ably destroyed) with a leaf part, fruit and androgynous spathe. Apparently, this species was described as new because of its ie acuminate bracts subtending female flowers; however, . mMacrocarpa also has long bracts, whereas the bracts of campestris are described as "magna minuto." When descriptions 2 the three taxa mentioned above are compared, they appear to be very similar. It is therefore possible that they may be conspecific, especially since the type locality of all three is listed as Capao Bonito. The slight differences between them may be merely due to insuf- ficient information. So far, no authentic specimens have been seen for any of the species. 102 Pan Nat OsloOeG Eek Vol. 36, no. 2 O. macrocarpa Barb. Rodr., Palm. Mattogross. 74, t. 23-24B. ~ 1898; t. 50A. 1903. Lectotype: Brazil, Mato Grosso, Capao Bonito prope Serra Quebra Cabeca (t. 23-248, 1898). c.f. Glassman 1972, p. 172. Specimens examined: Doubtful. Brazil, Mato Grosso, Fluss- gebiet des Amazonas, stemless, W. Hopp 3011-B, destroyed; F, photo). Vernacular names: Indaya - assu. Barbosa Rodrigues (1898) cited B.R. 217, but no specimens were located necessitating the selection of a lectotype from an illustration (see above). The specimens cited above (Hopp 3011) consisted of a leaf part and an androgynous spathe, but it is difficult to determine with certainty the photograph of this specimen. As previously mentioned, this taxon may be synonymous with O. campestris and 0. longibracteata because of similar type locality and similar morphology. Although all three taxa are recorded from Capao Bonito, Serra do Melgaco is also listed for O. longibracteata and Serra Quebra Cabeca is mentioned for QO. macrocarpa as well. Since the two additional locales could not be found on any Maps examined, it is not certain if all three place names recorded from Capdo Bonito are in the same general vicinity of each other or are actually three different, isolated localities. O. phalerata Mart., Palmet. Orbign. 126, t. 13-2, 32A. 1844; t. 170, 1845; Karsten & Schenck, t. 35-36. 1910. Holotype: Bolivia, 12-16° §. lat. in north. part of prov. of Chiquitos and in Moxos. Forms immense forests of pure stands in the land of the Guarayos covering about 10 square miles (d'Orbigny 20-P). Specimens examined: Bolivia, Chiquitos, d'Orbigny 20 (P, holotype; F, M, isotypes). Vernacular name: ''Cusi." Distribution: Bolivia, in sandy, wet but not flooded soils. This taxon is the first one described in the genus Orbignya; hence, it is the type species. Unfortunately, I have not seen any material referable to this species except the type collections. The specimen from Paris consists of an androgynous spadix with sterile (immature?) female Ef Glassman, Preliminary studies in Orbignya 103 flowers closely matching t. 32 and t. 170 of Martius. The isotype from Munich contains only male flowers. No leaf material has been seen by m® nor is any illustrated by Martius. Karsten & Schenck (1910) show two photos of this palm growing in forested areas. Plate 35 was taken in Velasco. Previously, I cited a doubtful specimen, 0. Kuntze s.n. (NY, US) from Vel- asco under O. humilis, the only other species of Orbignya described from Bolivia. According to descriptions and illustrations, the two species appear to be distinct (the type specimen of 0. humilis could not be found). But since there is a paucity of herbarium specimens, especially leaf material, it would be difficult to carefully compare and contrast both taxa. Burret (1929) referred to 0. phalerata, but most of the information was repeated from Martius's original description. Martius (1844) mentioned that the seeds yield an excellent oil for burning and for the hair, and that the leaves make a good thatch for roofs. 0. pixuna (Barb. Rodr.) Barb. Rodr., Prot. App. 49. 1879; t. 49. 1903. Attalea pixuna Barb. Rodr., Enum. Palm. Nov. 43. 1875. Lectotype: Brazil, Para, calcareous soils of 1'Igarape Bom Jardim, villa de Itaituba, basin of Rio Tapajos (t. 49, 1903)% csi Glassman. 1972), p. 26). Attalea spectabilis var. polyandra Drude, Mart. Fl. Bras. 3:440. 1881. Type: Brazil, Rio Purus (Wallis s.n. - K, destroyed?). Specimens examined: Doubtful. Brazil, Para, Boa Vista, Tapajoz, Capucho 523 (F); Tapajoz, Kuhlmann s.n. (F-611560). Vernacular names: Curua-pixuna, Palha preta. Distribution: Brazil, in state of Para. No specimens were cited by Barbosa Rodrigues in any of his articles, hence the selection of t. 49 as the lectotype. This species appears to be distinct according to its description and illustration, however, no authentic specimens have been examined. The two specimens cited above consist of fruits only and hence cannot be determined with certainty. OQ. polysticha Burret, Notizbl. 11:324. 1932. Holotype: Peru, Dept. Loreto, Mishuyacu near Iquitos 10h PIRSY-T OfE096 DA Vol. 36, nome (G. Klug 205 - US). Specimens examined: Peru: Dept. Loreto, Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, forest, G. Klug 205 (US, holotype; F); Loreto, Santa Rosa, lower Rio Huallaga, E.P. Killip & A.C. Smith 28814 (NY, US). Venezuela, Terr. Fed. Amazonas, Rio Orinoco, San Pedro, sabanita and bosque, G.S. Bunting, L.M. Akkermans & J. van Rooden 3571 (U); Brazo Casiquiare, near Solano, tropical rainforest, on white sandy soil, Wessels Boer 2409 (U); near San Carlos de Rio Negro, white sandy soil, Wessels Boer 2273 (U). Vernacular Names: Catirina (Peru), Mavaco (Venezuela). Distribution: Peru and Venezuela, mostly in Amazon region in tropical rainforests. Burret (1932) also cited Killip & Smith 28814 (see above) as probably belonging to this species. He also placed O. polysticha in group Spirostachys where the male flowers completely surrounded the rachillae of the male spadix. In this respect, 0. polysticha is similar to 0. cuatrecasana from Colombia. » Wessels Boer (1972) listed this species as Attalea polysticha from Venezuela, but the name is invalid because the basionym (0. polysticha) was not mentioned in the article. 0. sabulosa Barb. Rodr., Vellosia 1 ed. 1:54. 1888; t. 48. 1903; ~' “Burret, 510.» 1929. Lectotype: Brazil, Prov. Amazonas, in sandy pastures near Rio Tarumauacu, in Rio Negro (t. 48, 1903). c.f. Glassman UOT Zid op BOs Specimens examined: Doubtful. Brazil, Amazonas, Manaos, Rio Negro, Huebner s.n., Huebner 4a, Huebner 100, 100a, 100x (B); Amazonas, basin of Rio Negro - Rio Cuieras, Savanna forest on sand, Prance, Coelho & Monteiro 14830 (NY). Vernacular names: Curua, Inaya, Pindova Distribution: Brazil, Amazon region, in savannas on sandy soil. No specimens were cited by Barbosa Rodrigues in any of his articles, hence an illustration (t. 48) was chosen as the lectotype. Burret (1929) cites Huebner 74, 74a (4, 4a?), 100, 100a under this taxon. I have examined some of these specimens (see above), but I cannot be certain of their identity because the collections are incomplete, for the most part. To complicate matters, Wessels Boer (1965) claims that Huebner 4 and Huebner 100 (B) are actually 0. sagotii Trail, a closely related species, because there was a discrepancy between these specimens and the original LOTT Glassman, Preliminary studies in Orbignya 105 description of O. sabulosa. Prints of two photographs of O. sabulosa taken by George Huebner in Manaos in 1935 are deposited in the Field Museum Herbarium. One photo (460061) shows a whole stand of acaulescent plants while the other is a closeup of a male spadix and an infructescence emerging between the leaves at the base of the plant. - sagotii Trail ex Im Thurn, Timehari 3: 276. 1884. Attalea sagotii (Trail ex Im Thurn) Wessels Boer, Indig. Palms Suriname 162. 1965. Lectotype: French Guiana, Karouany (Sagot 831 - K. Erron- eoulsy inscribed on herbarium sheet as (65). yal c.f. Wessels Boer 1965, p. 162. Specimens examined: French Guiana, Karouany (Sagot 831-K, lectotype; P, isolectotype); Sagot 601 (K, P). Surinam, without locality, Wessels Boer 165, 708, 1440, 1493 (U); Lindeman 6902 (U); vicinity of Zanderij, wet forest on silt loam, Wessels Boer 276 (U); Dist. Brokopondo, high forest, Wessels Boer 392 (U); Bakhuis Mts., P.A. Florschutz & P.J.M. Maas 2960 (U). Vernacular names: Macoupi, Bergi-Maripa, Koeroea. Distribution: French Guiana, Surinam and British Guiana. No specimens were cited by Trail (1884) in his original article; therefore, a lectotype was chosen by Wessels Boer (1965) in his book on Surinam palms. Both Sagot 831 (K) and Sagot 601 (K) were annotated by Trail in 1877 as "0. sagotii n. sp." In addition to this, Drude (1881) incorrectly cited the above numbers under Attalea spectabilis var. monosperma. Wessels Boer (1965) states that this species is apparently close to 0. sabulosa and O. agrestis, both much smaller palms. QO. spectabilis (Mart.) Burret, Notizbl. 10:508. 1929. Attalea spectabilis Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 2 WS Gismit eo OameGd pale OZ Os at ea Zone 1o49)s Wessels Boer, 1965. Type: Brazil, Prov. Para, Serra de Baru, near Para and Rio Negro fae rina s.n. — M, not seen). c.f. Burret 1929, p. 508. Specimens examined: Doubtful. British Guiana, Cult. Georgetown Bot. Garden, Dahlgi Dahlgren s.n. (F-610583), Dahlgren & Millar s.n. (F- 610759), L.H. Bailey 489 (BH). French Guiana, Macoupi, Gourdonville, R. Benoist 1707 (P). Surinam, 106 PHY T OD OG Ta Vol. 36, no. 2 Rechter Coppename River, on riparian bank, Wessels Boer 1365 (BH,U), near Tafelburg, sandstone rocks, in submesophytic forest, Wessels Boer 1503 (BH, U). Brazil, Amazon, Spruce 32 (K); state of Amazonas, Manaus - Itacoatiara Highway, Reserva Florestal Ducke, forest, G.T. Prance et al 2155 (NY); Para, Monte Alegre, Krukoff 36 (F= 614554). Vernacular names: Curua piranga, Piuna inquira, Pindoba das Mattas. Distribution: Surinam, French Guiana and the Amazon region of Brazil in wet forests. No specimens were cited by Martius in any of his articles. According to Burret (1929), however, he saw a specimen of a rachilla branch with female flowers collected by Martius and labelled A. spectabilis in the herbarium at Munich. But Burret said the collection was actually Orbignya agrestis and noted that it was not determined by Martius. Unfortunately, neither Wessels Boer (1972) nor I have been able to find this particular specimen. Burret also discusses the incomplete and sometimes confusing description of Martius (1826). He wondered if Martius was describing two species, especially in the size - "acaulescent to several feet tall'' - and in the number of stamens - "6 as well as 9-12."" It was surprising that Martius did not describe the stamens in detail (i.e., if the anthers were coiled or straight), but he may have had sterile flowers and did not realize he was dealing with a different genus (Orbignya) which he later erected in 1837. Burret (1929) also mentions that Drude (1881) confused this taxon with Maximiliana attaleoides. I am still not certain of the exact delimitation of 0. spectabilis. Martius's description is not clear if the pinnae are clustered or not. Wessels Boer (1972, & unpublished ms.) describes them as being in clusters of 2-3, but in several collections examined they are not clustered (e.g., Prance et al 2155, Dahlgren & Millar S.n., L.H. Bailey 489, and R. Benoist EZOM) . In addition to this, the number of stamens per male flower is uncertain. Wessels Boer describes them as 6-9 stamens per flower, but in Prance et al. 2155, there are 12 stamens in most of the flowers. QO. teixeirana Bondar, Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 13:58, Elser) 6— 3) LOD eas Holotype: Brazil, Maranhao, Caxias (Bondar s.n. - RB-80813). Specimens examined: Brazil, Maranhao, Caxias, Bondar s.n. (RB- 80813, holotype) ; Bondar sen. (F-405257). Vernacular names: Perinao, Coco de Macacao. 1977 Glassman, Preliminary studies in Orbignya 107 Distribution: Brazil, states of Maranhao and Piaui. According to Bondar (1954), this species is also found in the state of Piaui, near Terezina, in margin of Rio Paranaiba. He also states that it is probably a hybrid between 0. barbosiana (0. speciosa) and 0. eichleri, which are both present in the vicinity of the type locality. More collections of this taxon should be examined before this can be verified, because 0. teix- eirana apparently most closely resembles 0. phalerata from Bolivia, which is also poorly known. 0. urbaniana Dammer, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 31, Beibl. 70:23. 1902; Dahlgren, pl. 344. 1959. Holotype: Brazil, Goias, Serra Dourada, in campis (Glaziou 22265-C). Specimens examined: Brazil, Goias, Glaziou 22265 (C, holo- type; F, G, P, isotypes). Distribution: Brazil, state of Goias. Even though Dammer did not designate the herbarium in which Glaziou 22265 was deposited, the specimen from (C) is inscribed O. urbaniana U. Dam. n. sp., det. by U. Dammer. The other specimens from (F, G and P) do not bear such information. Therefore, the collection from (C) is the holotype. Burret (1929) cited Glaziou 22265 (B), but this specimen was probably destroyed, as it could not be found. Dammer (1902) said that O. urbaniana is close to 0. lydiae (= 0. barbosiana), but like many other species of Orbignya, it is difficult to make comparisons of taxa based on few or incomplete collections. Species definitely not Orbignya Orbignya dubia Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3:304, t. 169-6. 1845 = Attalea dubia (Mart.) Burret, Notizbl. 10:537. 1929. Male flowers of this taxon definitely belong to the genus Attalea, i.e., flattened petals with acute or acuminate tips and straight rather than coiled anthers. 108 PUR YT OL0°G TxA Vol. 36, uo. 2 Species Incertae et Dubiae Orbignya agrestis (Barb. Rodr.) Burret, Notizbl. 10:511. 1929. Attalea agrestis Barb. Rodr., Enum. Palm. Nov. 42. 1875; Serie ePallms Bras) sje. 55). 11903). Lectotype: Brazil, Amazonas region, sandy soil, Rio Uanincha, affluence of Rio Yamunda (t. 55, 1903). c.f. Glassman WOT. ilo P2, Barbosa Rodrigues (1875) cited Barb. Rodr. 324, but apparently this specimen has been destroyed; hence the selection of t. 55 as the lectotype. It is difficult to determine the genus because male flowers are not mentioned in the descriptions and not illustrated in t. 55. Burret (1929) transferred this species to Orbignya because of its resemblance to O. sabulosa Barb. Rodr. He also cites Huebner 4b (B) from Manaos, which consists of immature fruits and leaf parts. I have examined this specimen and do not consider it to be diagnostic. OQ. huebneri Burret, Notizbl. 10:501. 1929. Holotype: Brazil, Amazonas, Lago Mondurucu, Rio Manacapuru, Solimoes (Huebner 64-B) The holotype consists of fruit and leaf material, but no male flowers were collected or described. Burret suggests a resemblance to O. speciosa (= 0. barbosiana), but says that the two species differ mainly in the structure of the fruit and in the period of flowering. Burret (1929) refers to photographs of this taxon, but none were published in his article. Prints of three photographs of O. huebneri, | taken by George Huebner in Manaos in 1935, are deposited in the Field Museum Herbarium. One photo (460060) illustrates a juvenile acaulescent plant with extremely long leaves, whereas the other two (460058-59) show mature trees about 13 m tall with unclustered pinnae. Another collection possibly belonging to this species was determined by Burret: Mus. Goeldi Garten, Capt. H.A. Johnstone 1038 (B). It consists of mature fruits and naked androgynous rachillae. Orbignya huebneri is probably synonymous with 0. barbosiana, but should remain a species dubia until additional material from the type locality, especially male flowers, can be studied. 1977 Glassman, Preliminary studies in Orbignya 109 O. macrostachya Drude nomen in Scheda ex Barb. Rodr., Sert. Palm. Bras. 1:60. 1903; c.f. Burret 1929, p. 513. This entry is based on a herbarium specimen (Glaziou 16488-BR) determined by Drude as a new species, and labelled as such, but a description was never published. Burret (1929) listed this name as a synonym of O. dammeriana Barb. Rodr. and cited Glaziou 16488. The latter specimen has been erroneously cited as the type of O. dammeriana by Dahlgren (1936) and Glassman (1972), but the type of this species is actually Glaziou 16468-B (see discussion of synonymy under 0. cohune). Glaziou 16488 (BR) consists of two sheets with part of a male spadix and male flowers, but the specimens are undoubtedly an undetermined species of Scheelea. Because 0. macro- stachya has no published description and is actually a species of Scheelea, it should be designated as nomen nudum et con- fusum. O. microcarpa (Mart.) Burret, Notizbl. 10:507. 1929. Attalea microcarpa Mart. Palmet. Orbign. 125. 1844; t. 168-2, 1845; t. Z16-5. 1849. Type: Brazil, Para’ (no specimens cited). Burret (1929) indicated that the spadix illustrated in t. 168 was in the collections at Munich. However, I have not seen any specimens from that herbarium labelled A. microcarpa. Burret had no justification for transferring the name to Orbignya because male flowers and leaves were neither described nor illustrated. Therefore, its status is uncer- tain. QO. racemosa (Spruce) Drude, Mart. Fl. Bras. 3:448. 1881; Dahlgren, pl. 343. 1959. Attalea racemosa Spruce, Journ. Linn. Soc. 11:166. 1871. Holotype: Venezuela, between Rio Negro and Guasie (Spruce 54-K). The genus to which this species belongs is uncertain because male flowers were not described by Spruce (1871) or Drude (1881). Type specimens from Kew and Paris are without male flowers, as well. Wessels Boer (1972) equates Attalea racemosa with A. ferru- ginea, probably because both have pinnae with ferrugineous 110 PHYTOLOGIZA Vol. 36, no. 2 margins and both species come from the Rio Negro region of Venezuela. At present, there is insufficient evidence to definitely lump these two species together. Species closely related to Orbignya, but which probably belong to distinct genera Attalea crassispatha (Mart.) Burret, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. (6223, b.0 8-11, 1929b;, Batley, £1e-. 167-170 .,.1959. Maximiliana crassispatha Mart., Palmet. Orbign. 110. 1844. Lectotype: Haiti (Plumier, Nov. Pl. Amer. Gen. t. l. 103) pect Danticcen el 986.0 pprZ09—24110) Specimens examined: Haiti, Fond des Negres, E. Ekman 7164 (NY); 0. F. Cook s.n. (BH); L. H. Bailey 299 (BH); Tae Figueiras cn Pi Louis 2785 (F); between Cavaillon and Aux Cayes, H. Loomis & T T. Fennell s.n. (US). Vernacular names: Carossier, Petit coco. Distribution: Endemic to Haiti. Since no specimens were cited by Martius, Plumier's Plate was chosen as the lectotype. Even though this taxon is relatively rare and probably is confined to one region of Haiti, it is very distinct and well-known botanically (except for the male spathe and spadix which apparently has not been described or collected). Male flowers (from the androgynous spadix) have coiled and twisted anthers, and fleshy, curved petals, suggesting either Orbignya or Parascheelea. Wessels Boer (1971) says that this species, with its 9-11 stamens and twisted anthers, resembles the Markleya staminate flower type. However, all of the flowers I examined from androgynous rachillae have only 6 stamens. Cook (1939) described this taxon under a new genus, Bornoa (which is invalid, because it was published without a Latin description); and Moore (1963) thought that Cook was perhaps correct in considering it as a distinct genus (from Attalea as well as other allied genera). MARKLEYA Bondar, Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio de Jan. 15:49-55. 1957. Type species: Markleya dahlgreniana Bondar. LTT Glassman, Preliminary studies in Orbignya 111 M. dahlgreniana Bondar, l.c. 50, fig. 1, foto 1-3. 1957. Attalea dahlgreniana (Bondar) Wessels Boer, Indig. Palms Suriname 158. 1965. Holotype: Brazil, Para, Tracuateua, munic of Braganca (Bondar s.n. - RB-95829). Specimens examined: Brazil, Para, Braganca, Bondar s.n. (RB-95829, Holotype; F, isotype). Surinam, Palaime Creek, Wessels Boer 805 (F, U); near Coeroeni airstrip, Wessels Boer 1587 (F, U). Vernacular name: Perindo. Distribution: Brazil (state of Para); and Surinam. In his original article, Bondar speculates that this taxon is probably a hybrid between Orbignya speciosa ( = 0. barbos- iana) and Maximiliana regia ( = M. martiana), because it grows in conjunction with these two species. Wessels Boer, however, refutes this idea, because the large uniform populations he saw in Surinam produced fertile fruits. Moore (1973) says that Markleya is a possible hybrid and does not list it as a distinct genus in his article on "Major groups of palms." Male flowers have twisted and coiled anthers like Orbignya, but the petals are flat and curved similar to Parascheelea. PARASCHEELEA Dugand, Caldasia 1:10. 1940. Type species: Parascheelea anchistropetala Dugand. P. anchistropetala Dugand, l.c. 12, fig. 4-5. 1940. Holotype: Colombia, Vaupes, Cerro de Circasia (Cuatre- casa 7172 - COL). P. luetzelburgii (Burret) Dugand, Caldasia 1:24. 1941. Orbignya luetzelburgii Burret, Notizbl. 10:1019. 1930. Holotype: Brazil, Amazonas, Jutica Varadouro (Luetzel- burg 21969-B). Specimens examined: Colombia, Vaupes, Circasia, sandy savannah quartzite base, Schultes & Cabrera 19207 (US); Vaupes, Cerro de Circasia, Cuatrecasas 7172 (COL, holo- type of P. anchistropetala). Brazil, Amazonas, Jutica Varadouro, Urwald, Luetzelburg 21969 (B, holotype of O. luetzelburgii; M, isotype). Venezuela, Terr. Amazonas, near Santa Rosa de Amanadona, white sandy soil, Wessels Boer 2357, 2374 (F, U). Vernacular names: Curua, Yapo (Colombia); Curuaraua (Venezuela). Distribution: Colombia, Brazil and Venezuela, mostly in Amazon region. a2 Poe) XT 0: 2.0).G. dk Vol. 36, nos 2 Originally described as a distinct genus from Orbignya mainly because petals of the male flowers are plano-convex and broader below and gradually narrowed above rather than flattened petals narrowed below and abruptly broadened above. According to Wessels Boer (Palms of Venezuela - unpublished manuscript), Dugand described P. anchistropetala as having a double branched inflorescence, but the type material shows a simply branched spadix. Dugand also observed the resemblance between this species and Orbignya luetzelburgii, but he was reluctant to unite them because of his misinterpretation of the inflorescence. Wessels Boer (1972) also made a new combin- ation, Attalea luetzelburgii (misprinted as "wetzelburgii"), but this name is invalid because the basionym was not listed. He had intended to list it in a subsequent manuscript with full taxonomic treatment of Attalea, sensu latu, but unfortun- ately, this paper never was published. LITERATURE CITED Bailey, L.H. 1939. Certain Palms of the Greater Antilles. II. Article 19. The Great Carossier. Gentes Herb. 4:263-265, figs. 167-170. Barbosa Rodrigues, J. 1875. Enumeratio Palmarum Novarum quas Valle Fluminis Amazonum. pp. 1-43. Rio de Janeiro. 1879. Protesto-Appendice ao Enumeratio Palmarum Novarum. pp. 1-48, 2 plates. Rio de Janeiro. 1888. Palmae Amazonenses Novae. Vellosia 1233=56% 1891. Plantas Novas Cultivadas no Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro 1:32. 1896. lec. 5:16-23. 1898. Palmae Mattogrossenses Novae vel Minus Cognitae. pp. 1-88. Rio de Janeiro. 1903. Sertum Palmarum Brasilensium, ou Relation des Palmiers Nouveaux du Bresil 1:1-140, 91 plates; 2: 1-114. 83 plates. Bruxelles. 1977 Glassman, Preliminary studies in Orbignya 113 Bondar, G. 1954. Nova Especie de Orbignya, Produtora do Oleo de Babacu. Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro. 13:57-59. ; Les 1957. Novo Genero e nova especie de Palmeiras da Tribo Attaleine. l.c. 16:49-55. 1964. Palmeiras do Brasil. pp. 5-159, figs. 1-57. Instituto de Botanica Sao Paulo. Burret, M. 1929. Die Palmengattungen Orbignya, Attalea, Scheelea, und Maximiliana. Notizblatt 10:493-543, 651-701. 1929b. Palmae Cubenses et Domingenses a Cl. E.L. Ekman 1914-1928 lectae. Kungl. Svenska Vet. Akad. Handl. ser. dig, 6. (7).2 3-28. 1930. Palmae Novae Luetzelburgianae. Notizblatt 10: 1013-1026. 1932. Attalea cohune Mart. wirklich eine Orbignya. Notizblatt 11:688-690. 1938. Palmae Brasiliensis. Notizblatt 14:231-260. 1940. Palmae Neogeae XII. Notizblatt 15:99-108. Cook, O.F. 1939. Bornoa, an endemic palm of Haiti. Nat. Hort. Mag. 18:245-280. Cuatrecasas, J. 1947. Vistazo a la Vegetacion Natural del Bajo Calima. Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 7:306-312. Dahlgren, B.E. 1936. Index of American Palms. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot. 14:1-438. 1959. Index of American Palms. Plates, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot. 14:pl. 1-412. Dammer, U. 1902. Plantae novae americanae imprimis Glazio- vianae. Engler Bot. Jahrb. 31, Beibl. 70:22-23. Drude, 0. 1881. Palmae in Martius Flora brasiliensis 3: 254-460. 11h Pea? OFL OG Tek Vol. 36, noay2 Dugand, A. 1940. Un genero cinco especies nuevas de Palmas. Caldasia 1:10-19. 1941. Notas sobre palmas Colombianas y una del Brasil. Caldasia 1:17-29. 1943. Noticias Botanicas Colombianas II. Especies nuevas y criticas. Caldasia 2:285-293. Glassman, S.F. 1972. A revision of B.E. Dahlgren's Index of American Palms. 294 pp. J. Cramer. Lehre, Germany. 1977. Preliminary taxonomic studies in the palm genus Attalea. H.B.K. Fieldiana Bot. 38:31-61. Hernandez Xolocotzi, E. 1949. Estudio Botanico de las Palmas Oleaginosas de Mexico. Bol. Soc. Bot. Mex. 9:13-19. Holmgren, P. and W. Keuken. 1974. Index Herbariorum. Part I. Herbaria of the world. Sixth ed. 397 pp. Utrecht. Karsten, G. and H. Schenck. 1910. Vegetationsbilder. 7: t. 35-36. Jena. Lindman, C.A.M. 1900. Beitrage zur Palmenflora Sudamerikas. Bihang. Kungl. Svenska Vet. Akad. Handl. Band 26 III (mo. 5):3-42, t. 1-6. Martius, C.F.P. von. 1826. Hist. Nat. Palm. 2:91-144. 1837. in Endlicher, Genera Plantarum. Palmae. pp. 243- 257. Vienna. 1844. Palmetum Orbignianum in d'Orbign » Voyage dans 1'Amerique meridionale 7(3):1-140. Paris. 1845. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3:261-304. 1849. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3:305-314. 1853. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3:315=350. 1977 Glassman, Preliminary studies in Orbignya 115 Moore, H.E. 1960. B.E. Dahlgren's Index of American Palms, Plates (Review). Principes 4:32-33. 1963. An annotated checklist of cultivated palms. Principes 7:119-182. 1973. The major groups of palms and their distribution. Gentes Herb. 11(2):27-141. Plumier, C. 1703. Nova Plantarum Americanarum Genera Ppa slLOS sete ol. Pardsis Spruce, R. 1871. Palmae Amazonicae, sive Enumeratio Palmarum in Itinere suo per regiones Americae aequat- oriales lectarum. Journ. Linn. Soc. 11:65-175. Standley, P.C. and J.A. Steyermark. 1958. Palmae, in Flora of Guatemala I. Fieldiana Bot. 24:196-299. Trail, J.W.H. 1876. Descriptions of new species and varieties of palms collected in the valley of the Amazon in north Brasil, in 1874. Journ. Bot. 14 (n.s. vol. 5): 328-9335 S99—559)5) ts. USS). 1884. in Im Thurn, E.F. Memoranda on the palms of British Guiana. Timehari, Journ. Royal Agric. & Com. Soc. Brit. Guiana 3:219-276. Demerara. Wallace, A.R. 1853. Palm trees of the Amazon and their uses. pp. 1-129, pl. 1-48. London. Wessels Boer, J. 1965. The indigenous palms of Suriname. 172 pp. Leiden. 1971. Bactris x moorei, a hybrid in palms. Acta Bot. Neerl. 20:167-172. 1972. Clave Descriptiva de las Palmas de Venezuela. Acta Bot. Venez. 6:299-362. (An additional manuscript with descriptions and synonymy of the taxa mentioned above was prepared by Wessels Boer, but never published. ) NOTES ON NEW AND NOTEWORTHY PLANTS. C Harold N, Moldenke LANTANA SCABIOSAEFLORA var. HIRSUTA Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei ramis novellis dense patenteque hirsutis recedit. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its younger branches and stems densely hirsute with stiffly wide-spreading ochraceous hairs. The type of the variety was collected by August Weberbauer (no. 7660) in deciduous bushwood in the mountains east of Hacienda Chicama, province Tumbes, Tumbes, Peru, at 700--800 meters alti- tude, between February 19 and 24, 1927, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. The collector describes the plant as a shrub, 1 meter tall, with yellow flowers. LANTANA SCABIOSAEFLORA var. LIMENSIS (Hayek) Moldenke, stat. nov. Lantana limensis Hayek in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 2: 166—-167. 1908. SYNGONANTHUS ELEGANTULUS var. GLAZIOVII Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 35, nom. mud. (1977), var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei vaginis dense patenteque hirtellis recedit. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its sheaths densely and conspicuously spreading—hirtellous throughout. The type of the variety was collected by Auguste Francois Marie Glaziou (no. 20013) somewhere in Minas Gerais, Brazil, in 1892, and is deposited in the Columbia University herbarium at present on deposit at the New York Botanical Garden. 116 ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS VERBENA, XXIV Harold N. Moldenke VERBENA [Dorst.] L. Additional synonymy: Verbenella Spach, Hist. Nat. Veg. Phan. 9: 237--238. 1840. Glandularia Schau. apud Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 199. 1858. Verbera Bert. ex Moldenke, Phytologia 36: Kijvin syn. 1977. Additional & emended bibliography: Apul. 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Viet. 18: 178, [23], & 2h. 1953; Pételot, Pl. Méd. Camb. Laos & Viet. 2: 178, [243], & 2hh “(a96hi5 and : 21, 39, 70, 170, 18h, 193, 208, & 300. 195k; Spencer, Just Weeds, ed. 2, xii & 199- 20h, fig. 64 & 65. 1957; R. A. Davidson, State Univ. Iowa Stud. Nat. Hist. 20 (2): 77. 1959; Hall & Thompson, Cranbrook Inst. Sci. Bull. 39: 7h. 1959; Cooperroder, State Univ. Iowa Stud. Nat. Hist. 20 (5) 70. 1962; Lind & Tallantire, Some Com. Flow, Pl. Uganda, ed. 1, 145 & 248. 1962; Whitlock & Rankin, New Techn. Dried Fls. 25. 1962; A. W. Anderson, How We Got Fls., imp. 2, 90, 168, & 283. 1966; Banerji, Rec. Bot. Surv. India 19 (2): 75. 19663 Ewan in Thieret, Southwest. La. Journ. 7: 11, 3h, & 42. 1967; P. W. Thomp- son, Cranbrook Inst. Sci. Bull. 52: 37. 1967; B. C. Harris, Eat Weeds 39. 1968; Spencer, All About Weeds xii & 199--20h, fig. 6 & 65. 1968; W. Trelease, Pl. Mat. Decorat. Gard. Woody Pl., ed. 5, imp. 2, hh & 187. 1968; L., Hort. Cliff., imp. 2, 10-11. 1968; Barker, Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull. 48: 571. 1969; Barriga-Bonilla, Hern4ndez—Camacho, Jaramillo-T., Jaramillo-Mejfa, Mora-Osejo, Pinto-Escobar, & Ruiz-Carranza, Isla San Andrés 59. 19693; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 1, 715— 717. "1969; J. Hutchinson, Evol. & Phylog. Flow. Pl. Dicot. L67—- 470, fig. hi). 1969; G. W. Thomas, Tax. Pl. Ecolog. Sum. 77 & BB. 1969; Rimpler, Lloydia 33: 91. 19703 Scully, Treas. Am. Ind. Herbs 115, 159, 193, 207, 215, 249, 254, 270, 283—28h, & 269. 1970; Anon., Bioresearch Ind. 7: 1061. 1971; Kashroo, Singh, & Malik, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 13: 52. 1971; R. E. Harrison, Handb. Bulbs & Peren. S. Hemisph., ed. 3, 266-267, 281, & 282. 1971; Hartwell, Lloydia 34: 387 & 437. 1971; Kaul, Bull. Bot. Surv. In- dia 13: 240. 1971; Lind & Tallantire, Some Com. Flow. Pl. Uganda, ed. 2, 145 & 248. 1971; Stalter, Castanea 36: 17) & 22. 1971; Anon., Commonw. Myc. Inst. Index Fungi 3: 82h. 1972; Fong, Tro- jankova, Tréjanek, & Farnsworth, Lloydia 35: 147. 1972; Healy, Gard. Guide Pl. Names 37 & 225. 1972; Solbrig in Valentine, Tax. Phytogeogr. & Evol. 91. 19725 Ellison, Kingsbury, & Hyypio, Com. Wild Fls. N. Y. [Cornell Ext. Bull. 990:] 19. 1973; Frohne & Jen sen, System. Pflanzenr. 203, 261, & 305. 1973; Gillanders, Pater son, & Rotherham, Know Your Rock Gard. Pl. 45, 63, & 101. 1973; Hathaway & Ramsey, Castanea 38: 77. 1973; Hilbig, Wiss. Zeitschr. Mart.-Luth.-Univ. Halle 22: 56 & 102. 1973; A. & C. Krochmal, Guide Medic. Pl. U. S. 229-230, 26, 257, & 258, fig. 259. 1973; Law, Concise Herb. Encycl. 85, 17, 129, 156, 208, 251, 252, 263, & 266. 1973; Rodhe, Rose Recipes, imp. 2, 21. 1973; Williamson, Sunset West. Gard. Book, imp. 11, 178, 179, & 437. 1973; Ayensu, Rep. Endang. & Threat. Spec. 98 & 129. 1973 H. Bennett, Concise Chem. & Techn. Dict., ed. 3, 256 & 1102. 197k; Bolkh., Grif, Mat- vej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 2, 715—717. 197h; E. T. Browne, Castanea 39: 183. 1974; H. B. Carter, Sir Jos. Banks & Pl. Coll. Kew 30. 197); El-Gazzar, Egypt. Journ. Bot. 17: 75, 76, & 78. 197); Ellenberg, Script. Geobot. 9: 80. 197; Farns- worth, Pharmacog. Titles 9 (lj: x. 197l; R. D. Gibbs, Chemotax. Flow. Pl. 3: 1752--1755 (197L) and h: 2295. 197); S. B. Jones, Castanea 39: 137. 197; Knoche, Fl. Balear., imp. 2, L¢ 59. 197h; 120 PHYS TO TL ONGeiwaé Vol. 36, no. 2 Leén & Alain, Fl. Cuba, imp. 2, 2: 279-283, 291-297, fig. 121. 197); Loewenfeld & Back, Complete Book Herbs & Spices 261—26). 197h; R. W. Long, Fla. Sci. 37: 37. 197h5 Lépez—Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andes 14: 23. 197); A. & D. LUve, Cytotax. Atl. Slov. Fl. 601 & 121. 1973 Mrs. P. Martin, Am. Horticultur- ist 53 (5): 33. 197k; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 58: 3837. 1974; Mol- denke & Neff, Orig. & Struct. Ecosyst. Tech. Rep. 7-18: 0, 51, 57, 101, 116, & 118. 197); Moser, Natl. Geogr. 146: 510. 197h; Portéres, Journ. Agric. Trop. & Bot. Appl. 21: 6. 1973; Rogerson & Becker, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 101: 383. 197); Rousseau, Géogr. Florist. Qué. [Trav. Doc. Cent. Etud. Nord 7:] 376--377, 465, 67, 473, 479, 480, 502, 50h, 505, 516, 550, 643, Shu, & 788, maps 826--829. 197h; Soukup, Biota 10: 231. 1973 Stanley & Linskens, Pollen 47, 95, & 306. 197; Stark, Am. Horticulturist 53 (5): 7& 11. 1974; Sunding, Garcia de Ort. Bot. 2: 20. 1973 L. H. Swift, Bot. Classif. 312. 197); Van Saun & Kemp, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 101: 371. 197k; Welsh, Utah Pl., ed. 3, 232, 354, & 473. 197h; Whitney in Foley, Herbs for Use & Delight [198] & [207]. 197h; Tckholm, Stud. Fl. Egypt, ed. 2, l52—Nsh, 817, 830, 876, & 886, pl. 156, fig. A. 1974; Troncoso, Darwiniana 18: 312. 1973 Anon., N. Y. Times D.l1, April 6. 1975; Balgooy, Pacif. Pl. Areas 3: 2h5, 1975; [Bard], Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 102: 430 & 431. 1975; D. S. & H. B. Correll, Aquat. & Wetland Pl. SW. U. S., imp. 2, 2: 1395—-1400 & 1775, fig. 654. 1975; 0. & I. Degener & Pekelo, Hawaii. Pl. Names X.4, X.5, & X.21. 1975; Duncan & Foote, Wildfls. SE. U. S. 15, 150, [151], & 295. 1975; R. & A. Fitter, Wild Fls. Brit. & N. Eu. 192, 193, & 336. 1975; Garcia, MacBryde, Molina, & Herrera-MacBryde, Malez. Preval. Am. Cent. 87, 131, 143, & 161. 1975; Goebel, Act. Bot. Venez. 10: 377 & 379. 1975; Greller, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 102: 116. 1975; Hinton & Rzedowski, Anal. Esc. Nac. Cienc. Biol, 21: 31 & 111. 1975; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A. 26: l-=-7. 1975; E. H. Jordan, Checklist Organ Pipe Cact. Natl. Mon. 7. 1975; A. L. Moldenke, Phytologia 31: 15 (1975) and 32: 375. 19753 Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 59: 6926 (1975) and 60: 68. 1975; Lépez—Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andes 15: 30, 51, 75--77, 79, & 88--9), [fig. 17]. 1975; Kooiman, Act. Bot. Neerl. 2h: [59] & 463--h6h. 1975; Mahesh., Journ. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 82: 180. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 129-180, 182, 185, 192, 506, & 508-512 (1975), 31: 28, 37h4--379, 383, 36h, 230. 1975; Molina R., Ceiba 19: 95. 1975; Perkins, Estes, & Thorp, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 102: 19--198. 1975; J.C. & N.C. Roberts, Field Guide Baja Calif., ed. 1, 35. 1975; Tovar Serpa, Biota 10: 286 & 298. 19753; United Communications (Woodmere, N. Y.), Herbal Visual & Study Chart. 1975; Weberling & Schwantes, Pflanzensyst., ed. 2 [Ulmer, Uni-Taschenb. 62:] 14h. 1975; Whit- lock & Rankin, Dried Fls. 25. 1975; H. D. Wils., Vasc. Pl. Holmes Co. Cat. 5h. 1975; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 61: AC1.732. 1976; M. F. Baker, Fla. Wild Fls., ed. 2, imp. 2, 188 & 2). 1976; Burkart, Journ. Arnold Arb. 57: 22h. 1976; L. J. Clark, Wild Fls. Pacif. Northw. llh——l)5 & 603. 1976; Duke, Phytologia 3h: 27. 1976; 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena LZE Fleming, Genelle, & Long, Wild Fls. Fla. 15 & 67. 19763 Follman- Schrag, Excerpt. "Bot. A.26: 518. 1976; F. R. Fosberg, Rhodora 78: 113. 1976; Galiano & Cabezudo, Lagascalia 6: 150. 1976; Griné, Bot. Black Am. 186, 190--191 "220, & 230. 1976; J. H. Harv., Journ. Gard. Hist. Soc. 4 (3): 38. 19763; S. R. Hill, Sida 6: 325. 1976; Hurd & Linsley, Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 220: "10. 1976; Keys, Chinese Herbs 283--28 & 387. 1976; Lacoursiere, Fapetreete & Dumas, Natur. Canad. 103: 17). 1976; Lakela, Long, Fleming, & Genelle, Pl. Tampa Bay, ed. 3 [Bot. Lab. Univ . S. Fla. Contrib. 733) 115, 116, 168, 178, & 182. 19763; Long & Lakela, Fl. Trop. Fla., ed. 2, 733, 740—7h2, 90, & 961. 1976; Lépez—Palacios, Re- vist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andes 17: 9--50. 1976; Lousley, Fl. Surrey 282, map 288. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 32: 512 (1976), 33: 374-375, 80, & 512 (1976), and 3h: 19—20, 153, 2h7—252, 25,, 256—=263, 266—268, 270, 27h, 278, 279, 50h, & 512. 1976; A. L. Moldenke, Phytologia 35: 173. 1976; A. R. Moldenke, Phytologia 3h: 35, 356, & 361. 1976; Norman, Fla. Scient. 39: 30. 1976; Park Seed Co., Park Seeds Fls. & Veg. 1976: 63 & 90. 19763 Soukup, Biota ll: 2, 17—19, & 22. 1976; Van Bruggen, Vasc. Pl. S. Dak. 368-- 369, 520, 529, 536, & 537. 1976; Vanderpoel, Natl. Wildlife 15 (1): 50. 1976; Voss], Mich. Bot. 15: 237. 1976; E. H. Walker, Fl. Okin. & South. Ryuk. 882--88), 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 35: 512 (1977) and 36: 28--31, 33, 35, 36, 393 sHO, 42, 47, 48, 51, & 52. 1977; A. L. Moldenke, Phytologia 35: 173 (1977) and 36: 87 & Boe J97n¢ Fe H. Montgomery, Seeds & Fruits 201, fig. 5 & 6, 202, fig. 1-3, & 230. 1977; Taylor & MacBryde, Vasc. Pl. Brit. "Col. 436 & 751. 1977. Swift (197k) tells us that "Verbena is an ancient Latin term for ceremonial foliage rather than a name for a specific class of plants. In post-classical times the name became applied to vervain, probably in connection with medicinal uses". Garcia and his associates (1975) inform us that the vernacular name, "verbena", in Central America is applied also to Browallia ameri- cana L. and Salvia occidentalis Sw. The Fitter work cited in the bibliography above is dated "197" on the title-page, but was not actually issued until February 17, 1975. Don (1830) divides the gems into two sections based on leaf characters: Indivisae with undivided leaf-blades, and Trifidae with trifid blades. The following two taxa described by Sloane (1739) are still puzzling and have not as yet been satisfactorily identified as far as I know: "VERBENA Americana procumbens, Veronicae aquaticae folio subro- tundo, f. flosculis ad foliorum alas; nobis. Teucrium Americamm iproomebens Veronicae aquaticae foliis subrotundis; Hermanni, Catal. Hort." "VERBENA nodiflora major Indica, flore niveo; nobis. In Horto Fageliano, nomine Teucrii & Ver & Veronicas, legims." Similarly, the following taxon of P. Hermann (1726) is still 122 P HYoT O°Ls0 Gervk Vol. 36, nos 2 unidentified: "TELKAPALA. Verbena Indica rotundifolia spicis comosis." No such name as "telkapala" is used in Sri Lanka today according to local botanists there now. Roi (1946) lists a Chinese vernacular name for members of this genus, "ma pien ts'ao" -- probably actually for V. officinalis L. or xV. hybrida Voss. The Commonwealth Mycological Institute (1972) lists the fungus, Ascochyta cuneomaculata, as attacking members of the genus Verbena. The Endlicher (1838) reference cited in the bibliography of Verbena is often cited as "1836-1856", but the pages involved with this gems were actually issued in 1838. The Sibthorpe & Smith (1809) reference, similarly, is sometimes cited as "1806", but pages 219-2 of the volume involved here were not actually published until 1809. The genus Verbenella Spach, curiously overlooked by the edi- tors of the "Index Kewensis" and by every previous worker on this group of plants, is based by Spach (180) on Verbena chamaedryfol- ia Juss. and would therefore be congeneric with what some present- day botanists regard as the genus Glandularia (1791). Gibbs (197) reports verbenalin (cornin), stachyose, and tannin present in Verbena, but l-bornesitol (a cyclitol) and raffinose are absent, while saponins are by some workers reported as probab— ly present, by others as absent or probably absent. Bennett (1974) defines "Verbena oil" or "verbenalin" as "Cy 7HocOj 93 mew. 389.2; wh. need.3; m.p. 178; s.w.; sl.s.al.3 s. acet.; ee d-verbenone ~ CjoH)),05 m. w. 150.11; col. oils sp. gr. 0.997 M.pe 6.53 bep. 2273 s.w." From a fancied resemblance, Malva alcea L., a mallow, is often called the "vervain mallow", An additional excluded species is Verbena microcephala Lépez—Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los des 15: PT sphalm. 1975 = Lantana trifolia f. hirsuta Mol- denke The "verbena" illustrated in color by Moser (197) is a species of Abronia in the Nyctaginaceae. The M. E. Jones 359, distributed as a Verbena sp., is actually Lantana s scorta Moldenke, while M. C. Johnston 266k and Stuessy 1031 1031 are Pr Priva gra: grandiflora (one ) Molden- ke and ke and Sohmer 5332 is Salvia occidentalis Sw. The Degeners an and Pekelo (19 75) record "hoi" as a Hawaiian name for the gems Verbena, probably for V. litoralis H.B.K. Andrew R. Moldenke (1976) has found that members of this genus (section Glandularia) in California have "strong mechanical or temporal barriers to inbreeding even though the flowers are genet- ically self-compatible" and are nearly always very heavily out- cfossed, the pollination being especially effected by butterflies, but also by Bombyliidae and probably also by short-tongued groups of insects like many species of Villa, generalist feeding bees in- 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 123 cluding many genera in all families and many species of bees whose males may be common generalists even though the females are restricted to one gems of plants, including Bombus, Ceratina, Megachile, Melissodes, and Osmia but not the 'table-scraping' sometimes colonial Halictinae which are usually generalist feed- ers." VERBENA ABRAMSI Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 344. 197h; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.26: 5 & 6. 1975. Additional citations: CALIFORNIA: Trinity Co.: Moldenke & Mol- denke 3026 (Ld). VERBENA ALATA Sweet Additional synonymy: Verbena allata Hort. ex Moldenke, Phyto- logia 3h: 278, in syn. 1976. Additional bibliography: Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 2, )18--19. 1830; Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 552 & 602 (1832) and ed. 3, 602. 1839; Baxt. in Loud., Hort. Brit. Suppl. [3]: 655. 1850; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 49h. 1858; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 34 (1974) and 3h: 278. 1976. Ferreira describes this plant as a subshrub and found in it flower and fruit in July. The corolla color of Ferreira 17h is said to have been "lilac", while on Hatschbach 17252 it was "violet". The Lindeman & Haas 3010, distributed as V. alata, is actually V. minutiflora Briq. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Widgren s.n. [185] (Mu--1570). Parand: L. F. Ferreira 17 (Ld); Hatschbach 17252 (Ld). CULTIVATED: France: Weinkauff s.n. [hort. Paris. 183] (ifu--1239). Germany: Herb. Schwaegrichen s.n. [Hort. Livsiensis] (Mu—1238); Herb, Zuccarini s.n. [hort. Berol. 1827] (Mu—281). VERBENA ALBICANS Rojas Additional & emended bibliography: Krapovickas, Bol. Soc. Ar= gent. Bot. 11, Supl. 261. 1970; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 132 (1975) and 31: 388. 1975. VERBENA ALBIFLORA Rojas Additional & emended bibliography: Krapovickas, Bol. Soc. Ar- gent. Bot. 11, Supl. 269. 1970; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 132 (1975) and 31: 388. 1975. xVERBENA ALLENI Moldenke, Phytologia 3h: 153. 1976. Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3h: 153, 250, & 279. 1976. This plant has been found growing in black calcareous soil and scattered on roadsides with Cynodon dactylon, Helenium amarun, Vernonia altissima, and Xanthium strumarium, in and after anthesis in September. The plants are described as 3—-); feet tall and the 12) P EV eT sO pO Gen Vol. 36, no. 2 corollas (on Montz 2,85) said to have been blue when fresh. Herb- arium material has hitherto been misidentified as V. neomexicana (A. Gray) Small and as V. mtha Lehm. The cited specimens exhibit many, slender, flexible spikes, some to as much as )5 cm. long, and apparently with all or almost all of the seeds aborted. Citations: LOUISIANA: LaSalle Par.: C. A. Brown 7,09 (Lv). Pointe Coupee Par.: Montz 285 (Lv). Saint Helena Par.: C. M. Al- len 1179 (Lv--type). VERBENA AMBROSIFOLIA Rydb. Additional bibliography: Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 1, 716. 1969; G. W. Thomas, Tex. Pl. Ecolog. Summ. 77. 1969; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 2, 716. 1973 Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 132--133, 139, & 179. 19753 A. L. Moldenke, Phytologia 35: 173. 1977. Higgins found this plant growing in gravelly to sandy soil in pinyon-juniper association areas, while Atwood encountered it in "pinyon-juniper-sage~ponderosa community" and distributed his col- lection as V. bracteata Lag. & Rodr. Reitzel found it growing in "clumps 6——-7.5 dm. across, 3 dm. tall, at 7700 feet altitude with Ipomopsis, Rosa, Quercus, Pinus edulis, a few P. ponderosa, Junip- erus, Mirabilis, Sphaeralcea, and Broms". Dziekanowski and his associates report it very scattered in pinyon-juniper woodland with grassy areas of gramma grass and staghorn cactus. Other recent collectors have encountered V. ambrosifolia in rocky washes, "scattered on open sandy-clay flats with Ephedra, Eriogonum, Lycium, Mentzelia, Psilostrophe, Yucca, etc.? and "in matorral desértico inerme on alluvial flats in fine calcareous al- luvium with Prosopis glandulosa, Larrea, and Flourensia cerma". The corollas on Henrickson 5858 are said to have been "light- purple" when fresh, while those on Correll & Johnston 19136 were "magenta" and those on Reitzel 27 were "pink". The G. L. Fisher s.n, [Nara Visa, Apr. 21, 1911], distributed as V. ambrosifolia, actually is V. ciliata var. pubera (Greene) Perry, while Meebold 222) is V. wrightii A. Gray. The Ramirez & Cardenas 13, previously cited as V. ambrosifolia by me in this series of notes, apparently is a mixture — the University of Texas sheet of this number definitely is V. ciliata var. longidentata Perry. The Spellenberg & Spellenberg 3062 cited by me in 197) actually is V. gooddingii var. nepetifolia Tidestr. Additional citations: TEXAS: Culberson Co.: Correll & Johnston 19136 (N). NEW MEXICO: Eddy Co.: Higgins 9197 (N). Harding Co.: S. Stephens 7563 (N). Otero Co.: Reitzel 27 (N). Rio Arriba Co.: Atwood 6298 (N). Torrence Co.: Dziekanowski, Dunn, & Bennett 2393 (N). MEXICO: Chihuahua: Henrickson 5858 (ld). Nuevo Leén: Johns- ton, Wendt, & Chiang C. 10212 (Ld). Tamaulipas: Kuiper & Kuiper- Lapré M.17 (Ut—328636B) . 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 125 VERBENA AMBROSIFOLIA f. EGLANDULOSA Perry Additional bibliography: Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow, Pl., imp. 1, 716 (1969) and imp. 2, 716. 197h; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 132-133 & 139. 1975. Howe found this plant in flower and fruit in October. The R. Runyon 1782, distributed as this form and so cited by me in previous publications actually is V. ciliata var. longidentata Perry. Additional citations: ARIZONA: Coconino Co.: D. Howe s.n. [1 October 1968] (Sd—69988). VERBENA AMOENA Paxt. Additional bibliography: Baxt. in Loud., Hort. Brit. Suppl. [3]: 655. 1850; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 111 (197) and 3h: 252. 1976. Gentry & Arguelles found what appears to be this species grow- ing along roadsides at 7700 feet altitude, flowering and fruit- ing in June, and describe the plant as forming large compact clumps, with secondary rooting at the stem—bases and with showy purple flowers. Additional citations: MEXICO: Chihuahua: Gentry & Arguelles 22955 (Sd—86)65) . VERBENA ANDRIEUXII Schau. Additional synonymy: Verbena andrieuxii DC. ex Moldenke, Phy- tologia 34: 278, in syn. 1976. Additional bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 49h. 1858; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 21) (1972) and 3h: 278. 1976. , Material of this species has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as V. aubletia Jacq. Additional citations: MEXICO: Puebla: Andrieux 138 (Mu--2)77— isotype). CULTIVATED: Germany: Herb. Bot. Staatssamml. Miinch. s. n. (Mu); Herb. Hort. Monac. s.n, (Mu). VERBENA ARAUCANA R. A. Phil. Addtional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 182 (1972), 31: 387 (1975), and 3h: 260. 1976. Merxmuller found this plant in flower in December, while Schajovskoy encountered it at 1300 meters altitude. Additional citations: CHILE: Malleco: Merxmiiller 21966 (lm). ARGENTINA: Neuquen: Schajovskoy s.n. [16.1.1967) (Mu). VERBENA ARISTIGERA S. Moore Salad ict bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 133 & 173. 197 . Recent collectors describe this plant as decumbent and have found it in flower in October and November. The corollas are said to have been "purple" on Krapovickas & al. 26800 and on Schinini & Cristébal 986). The Hatschbach 2388, previously cited by me as V. aristigera, 126 P PYeT.O! FO Gk Vol. 36, no. 2 is perhaps better regarded as representing V. tenuisecta Brigq. Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Corrientes: Krapovic! Krapovickas, Cris- tébal, Irigoyen, & Schinini 26800 (1d); Schinini & Cristébal 986, (rays Entre Rios: Lorentz 478 (Mu--1565) . VERBENA ATACAMENSIS Reiche Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 3hh——3h5 & hl. 197. Zollner encountered this plant growing near the seacoast. Additional citations: CHILE: Antofagasta: Werdermann 789 (Mu); Zollner 8310 (Ac). Atacama: Zollner 9080 (Ld VERBENA AURANTIACA Speg. Additional synonymy: Glandularia aurantiaca Speg. ex Moldenke, Phytologia 34: 274, in syn. 1976. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 21) (1972) and 3h: 274. 1976. Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Chubut: Kreitbohm 117 (Mu). xVERBENA BAILEYANA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 35 & Ol (1974) and 3h: 270. 1976. The Herb. Zuccarini specimens cited below are both mixtures with V. officinalis L. and were originally identified and distrib- uted as V. hastata L. and V. scabra Vahl. Additional citations: CULTIVATED: Germany: Herb. Zuccarini s. n. [Hort. bot. Monac.], in part (Mu, Mu). VERBENA BAJACALIFORNICA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 21h. 1972. Moran & Reveal refer to this plant as "fairly common" at 300 meters altitude and found it in flower in February. The corollas on their no. 2007 are said to have been "lavender" when fresh. Additional citations: MEXICO: Baja California: Moran & Reveal 20047 (W--2796936) . VERBENA BALANSAE Briq. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 345 (197k) and 36: 35. 1977. Krapovickas and his associates describe this plant as "decum- bent", the corollas "violet" in color. Hatschbach refers to it as being xylopodiferous, with lilac (on 37118) or whitish (on 38688) flowers, and found it growing on "campo brejoso de solo vermelho" and Manno limpo", in flower in May. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Mato Grosso: Hatschbach 38688 (Ld). Paran4: Hatschbach 37118 (Ld). ARGENTINA: Corrientes: Krapovickas, Cristébal, Schinini, Arbo, Quarin, & Gonz4lez 2614) (La). 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 127 VERBENA BARBATA Grah. Additional bibliography: Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 552. 1332}. Baxt. in Loud., Hort. Brit. Suppl. [3]: 655. 1850; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 9h. 1858; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 112. 197k. VERBENA BERTERII (Meisn.) Schau. Additional bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 49h. 1358; Moldenke & Neff, Orig. & Struct. Ecosyst. Tech. Rep. 7-18: 4O, 51, & 101. 19745 Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 133 (1975) and 31: 409. 1975; Soukup, Biota 11: 18. 1976. Additional citations: CHILE: Concepcién: Dessauer s.n. [Concep- cién, Feb. 1870] (Mu--156); Merxmiiller 2180) (Mu). Maule: Des- sauer s.n. [Banos de Cauquenes, Oct. 1875] (Mu--15l,7), Province Pan eae Dessauer s.n. (Mu); Frombling s.n. (Chili, 1886] Mu--1776) . VERBENA BERTERII f. ALBIFLORA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 215. 1972; Soukup, Biota 11: 18. 1976. VERBENA BIPINNATIFIDA Nutt. Additional synonymy: Verbena bipinnatifida var. bipinnatifida [Nutt.] ex Thomas, Tex. Pl. Ecolog. Summ. 77. 1969. V. bipinnati- fida var. bipinnatifida Thomas ex Moldenke, Phytologia 34: 273, in syn. 1976 Additional & emended bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Can- doll. 3: 199 & 49. 1858; Loes., Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 53: 75. 1912; Tharp, Mycologia 9: 120. 1917; Fedde in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 45 (1): 583. 1923; Sydow in Just, Bot. Jahresber. is (1): 02. 1923; Barker, Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull. 48: 571. 1969; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 1, 716. 1969; G. W. Thomas, Tex. Pl. Ecolog. Summ. 77. 1969; Fong, Trojdnkova, Tro- ja4nek, & Farnsworth, Lloydia 35: 17. 1972; Bolkh., Grif, Matjej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Num. Flow. Pl., imp. 2, 176. 197); El-—Gazzar, Egypt. Journ. Bot. 17: 75 & 78. 197); Stark, Am. Horticulturist 53 (5): 7. 197k; Hinton & Rzedowski, Anal. Esc. Nac. Cienc. Biol. 21: 111. 1975; Kooiman, Act. Bot. Neerl. 2: 63. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 133--13h, 172, & 179 (1975), 31: 377 & 09 (1975), and 34: 249, 250, 270, & 278. 1976; Park Seed Co., Park Seeds Fls. & Veg. 1976: 90. 1976; Van Bruggen, Vasc. Pl. S. Dak. 368 & 536. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 29. 1977. Additional illustrations: Park Seed Co., Park Seeds Fls. & Ve. 1976: 90 (in color). 1976. Recent collectors have encountered this species in sandy soil, on periodically mowed roadsides, on chalk cliffs, on clay hils, and in open dry fields, on mesquite flats with Opuntia chlorotica, QO. acanthocarpa, and Yucca elata, in creosotebush=Atriplex scrub- land, and in heavy soil of meadows. Charette refers to it as "very common in roadside depressions in fields" and Brown calls it "common" in LaSalle Parish, Louisiana. Wright found it "in a 128 P Bere Too: bie) Glee Vol. 36, no. 2 field densely populated with other species of flowers and grasses! Barker (1969) refers to it as "Occasional, in rocky upland prairies, along roadsides and railway right-of-ways" in Kansas, where Gates (190) reports it from Cowley, Geary, Pottawatomie, Riley, and Wabaunsee counties. The corollas are said to have been "purple" on Semple & Love 482, "reddish-violet" on Davidse & Davidse 10050, "maroon—pink" on Bisby G.65, and "lavender" on D. S. Correll 1627 and Schulz & Schulz 1336. Correll reports the species as "scattered infre= quently". The Schultzes describe the calyx as twice as long as the fruit [seed] "and constricted above it". Stark (197) states that the species is found usually in “open, but fine textured soils" with a preferred pH value of 6.0--7.0. Material of this species has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as V. drummondii Baxt, and as V. erinoides Lam. On the other hand, the Reeves R. 1075, distributed as V. bipinnat- ifida, is actually var. latilobata Perry, Garland 200 and Meebold 22681 & 2528 are V. canadensis (L.) Britton, Pringle 7591 is V. elegans H.B.K., Lindheimer s.n. [Galveston, May 183] is V. halei Small, Bougere 2235, Hester 2 & 517, Ryscroft 257) & 2626, and Webster & Wilbur 3282 are V. temisecta Briq., and Bougere 1996 is V. tenuisecta var. alba Moldenke, while Higgins 888) and Hig- gins, Higgins, & Higgins 98)9 are V. wrightii A. Gray. Meebold 27286 is a mixture with Evolvulus sp. Additional citations: ALABAMA: Pickens Co.: R. Kral 2622 (Le). KANSAS: Leavenworth Co.: J. A. Churchill s.n. [1h May 1954) (Ln-- 230257). MISSOURI: County undetermined: Herb. Reg. Monac. 28 (Mu). ARKANSAS: Little River Co.: Demaree 6936 (Ld). LOUISIANA: LaSalle Par.: C. A. Brown 7405 (Lv). OKLAHOMA: Beckham Co.: Clark 14280 (N). TEXAS: Bexar Co.: Meebold 27286, in part (Mu). Brazos Co.: D. Wright 23 (N). Caldwell Co.: W. M. Jones WMJ.203 (Mu), WMJ.252 (Mu). Callahan Co.: Mahler 4976 (Ln—=2361). Comal Co.: Charette 820 (Mu); Lindheimer 1072 (Mu--082), 1073 (Mu—l083) . Cooke Co.: Semple & Love 82 (W--27327)0). Dallas Co.: D. S. Cor rell 1727 (Sd--73852); J. Reverchon s.n. [Curtiss 1962*] (Mu— 1548). Tarrant Co.: Bisby G.65 (Ac). Taylor Co.: S. M. Tracy 8000 (Ln--70115). County undetermined: Lindheimer III.289 (Mu— 271); Torrey & Gray sen. (Mu--270). NEW MEXICO: Luna Co.: Shultz & Shultz 1336 (N). ARIZONA: Yavapai Co.: Reeves & Pinkava 11933 (N). MEXICO: Chihmahua: Davidse & Davidse 10050 (Ld); McCabe 2 (Ws). CULTIVATED: Sweden: Collector undetermined s.n. [H. L. 180] (Ac). 19, hy Pa Pets Se ee VERBENA BIPINNATIFIDA var. LATILOBATA Perry Emended synonymy: Verbena bipinnatifida var. latiloba Perry ex Moldenke, Alph. List Invalid Names Suppl. 1: 22, in syn. 19h73 Hinton & Rzedowski, Anal. Esc. Nac. Cienc. Biol. 21: 111. 1975. 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 129 Additional bibliography: G. W. Thomas, Tex. Pl. Ecolog. Sum. 77. 1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 114. 197; Hinton & Rzedowski, Anal. Esc. Nac. Cienc. Biol. 21: 111. 1975. Recent collectors have encountered this plant at 9100 feet al- titude in Arizona. Additional citations: ARIZONA: Cochise Co.: W. W. Jones s.n. (8 August 1967] (Sd--7288)). Graham Co.: Williams & Williams 3650 (Z). Santa Cruz Co.: Reeves R.1075 (N). XxVERBENA BLANCHARDI Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 11) & 386. 197k. Additional citations: ILLINOIS: Winnebago Co.: M. S. Bebb s.n. [Fountaindale] (Mu--l2h9). VERBENA BONARIENSIS L. Additional & emended synonymy: Verbena bonariensis altissima, Lavandulae canariensis spica multiplici Dill. in Ray, Synop. Meth. Stirp. Brit., ed. 3, pl. 300, fig. 387. 172h. Verbena bonariensis Willd. ex Druce & Vines, Dill. Herb. 182, in syn. 1907. Verbena bornariensis L. ex Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 7, in syn. 1977. Additional & emended bibliography: Dill. in Ray, Synop. Meth. Stirp. Brit., ed. 3, pl. 300, fig. 387. 172h; L., Hort. Cliff., iat. Li, 1/315 Us, SDs Pl., Od. 2, 20. Ly6es Ge Don 1m Lond, Hort, Brit., ed. 1, 246 (1830) and ed. 2, 26. 1832; Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 552. 18323 G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 246. 1839; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 9 & 495. 1858; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 510. 1891; Druce & Vines, Dill. Herb. 182. 1907; Krause in Just, Bot. Jahresber. ll: 1195. 1926; Fedde in Just, Bot. Jahresber. lh: 153). 1927; M. F. Baker, Fla. Wild Fls., ed. 2, imp. 1, 188. 1938; L., Hort. Cliff., imp. 2, 11. 1968; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 1, 716. 1969; G. W. Thomas, Tex. Pl. Ecolog. Sum. 77. 1969; R. E. Harrison, Handb. Bulbs & Peren. S. Hemisph., ed. 3, 266. 19713 Fong, Trojankova, Troj4nek, & Farnsworth, Lloydia 35: 17. 1972; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 2, 716. 197); El-Gazzar, Egypt. Journ. Bot. 17: 75 & 78. 197; R. D. Gibbs, Chemotax. Flow. Pl. 3: 1752—-1755 (197) and h: 2295. 197; R. W. Long, Fla. Scient. 37: 37. 197k; D. S. & He B. Correll, Aquat. & Wetland Pl. SW. U. S., imp. 2, 2: 1396, 1397, & 1775. 1975; Kooiman, Act. Not. Neerl. ah: 163. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 134--135, 152, & 167 (1975), 31: 375, 377, 389, & 4O9 (1975), 33: 37h (1976), and 3h: 248, 250, 252, 259, 260, & 278. 1976; M. F. Baker, Fla. Wild Fls., ed. 2, imp. 2, 188. 1976; S. R. Hill, Sida 6: 325. 1976; Long & Lakela, Fl. Trop. Fla., ed. 2, 7hl--7h2 & 961. 1976; Soukup, Biota 11: 18. 1976; E. H. Walker, Fl. Okin. & South. Ryuk. 883 & 884. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 28, 39, & h7. 1977. Additional illustrations: Dill. in Ray, Synop. Meth. Stirp. Brit., ed. 3, pl. 300, fig. 387. 172h. The Dillen pre-Linnean designation for this species is based 130 PUENTE Es) OLGETA Vol. 36, no. 2 on a specimen grown in the Eltham Garden from seed sent from Bue= nos Aires, Argentina, by Milam in 1726, according to Druce & Vines (1907), but how this can be possible when Dillen already published the designation in 172) is not clear to me. The Eltham specimen in the Dillen herbarium was at first identified as V. bonariensis "Willd." by Klinsmann. Recent collectors describe this plant as a large or "giant" herb, 1.3--2.5 m. tall, the stems stiff, square, with pronounced angles and concave sides, hairy, pale- or dark-green, often maroon- tinged, the leaves "sandpapery" rough, "parchmentaceous-membranous" or "thickly velvety-herbaceous", glossy dark-green above, with pale slightly sunken veins, dull light=- or gray=-green beneath with prominent veins, the peduncles reddish, the small flowers in spikes, the calyx green at the base, with purple or purplish tips, the corolla hairy outside, and the infructescence gray—green. Goldsmith found V. bonariensis in scattered patches in open grassland in Rhodesia; Bos refers to it as "abundant" in the Trans- vaal and "locally dominant" in the Cape Province of South Africa; Moll calls it a "locally fairly common annual herb" in Natal; Scheepers says of it "locally frequent at water's edge and environs, [in] well lit but dense vegetation, widespread as ruderal, especi- ally in moist open spots" in the Transvaal. Other recent collectors have encountered the species at the edge of open fields in about 50 percent shade, in rather dry soil of old fields, and among Baccharis on "spoil banks". Montz reports it "abundant along railroad 'spoils'" in Louisiana, where Arceneaux asserts that it is "a very common weed along roads, ditches, etc." and Hester says it is "plentiful everywhere". Brown comments that there are "no appendages on anthers" (which is to be expected, since the species is not a member of the Section Glandularia). Wil- bur reports it "common along edge of ditch between road and corn— field" in North Carolina. Walker (1976) cites Amano 7373, Hatusima 17571, and Walker 8133 from Okinawa and records the vernacular name, "tachi-ba=bena", which he explains as "Tachi, erect, ba, leaf, bena, meaning un- known". Arenas encountered the species at the edges'of an arroyo and comments that it "crece en yuyal". The corollas are described as having been "lilac" in color when fresh on Ferreira 163, "blue" on Scheepers 93, "violet" on Arenas 949 and Cabrera 1216, "violet-blue" on Bos 1262, "purple" on 0. B. Miller 518), Moll 1 745, Sowell s.n., and Wilbur ur 3947, "rose" on Car auta 686, " "purple=mauve" on Goldsmith 71 62, and with "tube purple, lobes 1i. Tilact on Bos 12. Don (1830) called the species "Buenos Ayres vervain" and dates its introduction into English gardens as 1732. Thomas (1969) calls it the "pretty verbena", while Claycomb asserts that in Louisiana it is known as "blue vervain". Carauta records "pai-joaquim" from Rio de Janeiro. In Pahang, Malaya, it is said to be a "roadside weed" in waste places and has been collected in fruit in November. a a ta neal 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 131 leaves very narrow-oblong and bears very close resemblance to V. inamoena Briq. DeWinter 7176 is a voucher for chemical studies conducted on the species by Dr. P. R. Enslin, The Univ. Calif. Acc. No. 63. 7h0-83, cultivated in California, was grown rown there from seeds collected in Teneriffe, Canary alandee Fabris & Mar- chionni 2392 is a mixture with Es litoralis H.B.K. Gibbs (197) reports cyanogenesis and leucoanthocyanin absent from the leaves of this gpecies and syringin absent from the stems. Material of V. bonariensis has been misidentified and distrib- uted in some herbaria under the designations V. bonariensis Hook. and V, littoralis Kunth, and even as "Labiatae sp.", while T. Rojas 10077 was orisinally identified as "V. bonariensis L. ie transiens in V. inamoenam Briq.". On the other hand, the Cla comb s.n. [June 13, 1942], Demaree 15103, Keiser 91, D. K. ae aks J. A. Moore 5200, Robinette 239, and Re Re Smith 17325 dis- tributed as v. bonariensis, actually are v. brasiliensis sis Vell., while Schlieben 7691 is V. litoralis H.B.K., Arceneaux 35a, Beck 453, and Horst JWH.B.281 are eV. rigi rigida Spreng., and Bayliss as Tbk is V. temisecta Briq. ~~ Additional citations: NORTH CAROLINA: Robeson Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 29992 (Ac), 2999) (Gz, Ld, Tu). Tyrrell Co.: Wilbur 3947 (Mi). SOUTH CAROLINA! Ghabiantee Co.: Curtiss 1963%* (Mu— 1550). GEORGIA: Spalding Co.: Sowell s.n. {l August 1967] (Lv). FLORIDA: Polk Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 29529 (Ac, Gz, Ld, Tu). Putnam Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 29839 (Gd) a. LOUISIANA: Gamagon Par.: Spindler s.n. [30 Sept. 1973] ( (Lv). Iberia Par.: Hester 650 (Lv). Jefferson Par.: C. A. Brown 2049 (Lv). Lafayette Par.: Claycomb sen. (July 6, 1942) (Lv). Li Livingston Par.: Montz 182) (Iv). Ouachita Par.: R. D. Thomas & Bot. Class 18637 (Lc). Pointe Coupee Par.: M. Chaney 213 (Lv). Saint Mary Par.: Montz 2289 (Lv). Saint Tammany Par.: Arséne 12534 (Lv). Tangipahoa _ Par.: Correll & Correll 9259 9 (Lv). Terrebonne Par.: Arceneaux 35a (Lv); Wurzlow s.n. sen. [May 29, 191)] (Lv). Vermilion Par.: Hester 693 (Lv). TEXAS: Orange Co.: J. A. Churchill s.n. [1 May 1955]. (In—20h155). MEXICO: Federal District: Karwinski | S.ne (Chapultepec, Aug. 1827] (Mu—279, Mu--280). State undetermined: Prince Paul of Wirtemberg s.n. [1830] (Mu--15h9). BRAZIL: Parané: L.F. Ferreira 1 163 (Ld Rio de Janeiro: Carauta 686 [Herb. FEE- MA 6811] (Ld). PARAGUAY: 7. Rojas 10077 (Mu). URUGUAY: Herter 268 [Herb. Herter 81709] (Mu). CHILE: Arauca: Grau sen. (31.3. 1968] (Mu). Concepcién: Dessauer s.n. [Concepcién, Feb. 1870] (Mu--1551). Valdivia: Buchtien SoM. nn. (Valdivia, 7/11/1902] (Mu— 3996); Lechler s.n. [Valdivia] (Mu—1568). State undetermined: Leyboldt s.n. [3/1/1860] ees D ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires: Cabrera & Fab Fabris 21 (Mu); Herb. Univ. Ludov. Maximil. s.n. (Mu— a a ES 132 Pye ne0) Ts cOkG eek Vol. 36, no. 2 277). Corrientes: Arenas 949 (Ld). Entre Rios: Cabrera 12h)6 (Mu). San Juan: Fabris & & Marchionni 2392, in part (Mu). RHODESIA: Fries, Norlindh, & Weimarck 003 (Mu); Go Goldsmith 71/62 (Mu). SWA- ZILAND: O. B. Willer 518) (Mu). SOUTH AFRICA: Cape Province: Bos 142 (Mu) j | Ecklon 85 (Mu—285); Penther 1795 (Mu—l085) . Natal: Moll 7hS (liu). Transvaal: Bos 1262 (Mu); D DeWinter 7176 (Mu); Mee- bold 12837 (Mu); Scheepers 93 93 (Mu); Schlieben 7176 (fu). MASCARENE ISLANDS: Mauritius: Sieber Fis, Maurit. 86 (Mu--286) . INDIA: Khasi States: Hooker & Thomson s.n. n. (Mont. Khasia 1-3000 ped.] (Mu-—— 288). State undetermined: : Griffith sen. [India orientali] (Mu— 287). MALAYA: Pahang: Poore 505 (K1=-505) ; B. C. Stone 5619 (K1— 5220), 7236 (K1--7747). FIJI “ISLANDS: Viti Levu: Meebold d 16522 (Mu) . AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Lohm s.n. [Sydney, 28 vIII .10] (Mu--9138) ; Meebold 27h9 (Mu). GREAT BARRIER REEF: Stradbroke: M. S. Clemens 1,22 (Mii). CULTIVATED: California: Univ. Calif. Acc, No. 63.740-83 (Iu). France: Weinkauff Son. [Jard. des Plant. “38 3h) (Mu—12)3). Germany: Herb. Mus. Bot. Landishuth sen. (Mu--278) 5 Herb. Schmiedel s.n. (Mu--272, Mu-—-273); Herb. Schreber s.n. (Mu—— 275, Mu-—-276); Herb. Schwaegrichen s.n. (Mu-—12)); Herb. Zuccarini sen. (Hort. bot. Monac. 1832] (Mu--282), s.n. [Hort. bot. Monac. 1887] (Mu--283); Schreber sen. [hort. bot. Erlang. 1772] (Mu-—27)) . India: Herb. Hort. Bot. Calcutt. s sen. (Mu--289). Sweden: Collector undetermined s.n. [H. L. 1812] (Ac); Zetterstedt s.n. [H. L., 10 Sept. 1838] (Ac). VERBENA BONARIENSIS var. CONGLOMERATA Briq. ie bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 36 & 380. 1974. Bormntiller encountered this plant at 500 meters altitude. Lin- deman & Haas describe it as an herb, growing on grassy roadsides, and the corollas on their no. 3902 are said to have been "deep purple-blue" when fresh; the corollas were "ourple" on Schinini & Carnevali 10689. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul: Bornmiiller 255 (Mu--286); Lindeman & Haas 3902 (Ut--320)12); Reineck & Czermak 69 (Mu--3793). ARGENTINA: Corrientes: Ibarrola 2053 (Ut—330563B), 2131 (Ut--330573B). Misiones: Schinini & Carnevali 10689 (Ld). aes California: Moldenke & Moldenke 30295 (Ac, Gz Gz, Ld, Mu, JER. AY VERBENA BONARIENSIS var. HISPIDA Moldenke, Phytologia 33: 37)-—— 375. 1976. : Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 33: 374-375 (1976) and 3h: 259. 1976. Citations: BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul: Bornmuller 647 (Mu=— 4302—-type, Z--photo of type). 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 133 VERBENA BRACTEATA Lag. & Rodr. Additional synonymy: Verbena bracteata (Michx.) Lag. & Hodr. ex Perkins, Estes, & Thorp, Bul. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 102: 19h, sphalm. 1975. Additional & emended bibliography: G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 247 (1830) and ed. 2, 247. 1832; Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 552. 1832; G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 27. 1839; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 9h, 96, & 507. 1858; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 510. 1891; Krause in Just, Bot. Jahresber. )): 1212. 1926; Fedde in Just, Bot. Jahresber. "Wu: 153h. 1927; Conard, Pl. Iowa 5h 19513 R. A. Davidson, State Univ. Iowa Stud. Nat. Hist. 20 (2): 77. "1959; Hall & Thompson, Cranbrook Inst. Sci. Bull. 39: 7h. 1959; Barker, Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull. 8: 571. 1969; Cooperrider, State Univ. Towa Stud. Nat. Hist. 20 (5): 70. 1962; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pl., im.1, 716 & 717. 1969; G. W. Thomas, Tex Pl. Ecolog. Sum, 77. 1969; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar ., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 2, 716 & 717. 1973 Welsh, Utah Pl., ed. 3, 354 & 473, 1975 [Bard], Bull. Torrey Bot. Club’ 102: 431. 1975; D. S. & H. B. Correll, Aquat. & Wetland Pl. SW. U. S., imp. 2, 2: 1397, 100, & 1775. 1975; E. H. Jordan, Checklist Organ Pipe Cact. Natl. Mon. 7. 1975; Kooiman, Act. Bot. Neerl. 2h: 63. 1975; Moldenke, Phytolo- gia 30: 135—136 (1975) and 31: 376, 377, & 15. 1975; Perkins, Estes, & Thorp, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 102: 194-198. 19753 He Ds Wils., Vasc. Pl. Holmes Co. Cat. 5). 1975; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 61: AC1.732, 1976; L. J. Clark, Wild Fls. Pacif. Northw. hhh—bl5 & 603. 1976; Grimé, Bot. Black Amer. 191. 1976; Moldenke, Phyto- logia 3h: 2f8—251, 270, & 278. 1976; Van Bruggen, Vasc. PL. Ss Dak. 369, 529, & 536. 1976; [Voss], Mich. Bot. 15: 237. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 29 & 30. 1977; F. H. Montgomery. Seeds & Fruits 201, fig. 5, & 230. 1977; Taylor & MacBryde, Vasc. Pl. Brit. Col. h36 & 751. 1977. Additional illustrations: F. H. Montgomery, Seeds & Fruits 201, fies 5: 1977: Montgomery (1977) describes the seeds of this species as fol- lows: "Nutlets 2.3 x 0.6 mm, oblong 13-1 in l.s., obtriangular 90 in c.s. with the dorsal surface rounded; surface 2—-l-ribbed on the lower half and reticulate on the upper half, inner faces pap- illose", Wilson (1975) cites Cooperrider 8069 from weedy railroad banks in Holmes County, Ohio. Stevens describes it as "from a woody caudex, branches prostrate" and reports it "common on dry rocky hillsides" in Washington. Higgins encountered it in sandy soil of shin-oak association areas, while Semple & Love found it in dry sandy soil of mesquite shrublands. Other recent collectors have found it growing in bare sandy soil with mesquite dominant, in sidewalk crannies, and "in agrupaciones de malezas (anmal herbs mainly) in fine calcareous alluvium of sandy clay loam with Mach- aeranthera parva, Bouteloua barbata, Verbena spp., Marsilea Spey and Wislizenia anal Moran, in Baja California, found it "pros- trate, locally common with Lythrum hyssopifolium in shallow road- 13h P Hey 0) byOUG oir Vol. 36, no. 2 side depressions". Davidson (1959) refers to V. bracteata as a "Weed of roadsides, railways, pastures, barnyards, and other open places; common" in Iowa. In the same state Cooperrider (1962) speaks of it as "Fre- quent. Roadsides; along railroads; open, waste places" and records it from Clinton, Jackson, and Jones Counties. Hall & Thompson (1959) refer to it as occasional in fields and along open road- sides in Oakland County, Michigan. In Kansas it is said by Barker (1969) to be "Occasional along roadsides, cultivated fields and railway right-of-ways. Found throughout the area." Dziekanowski and his associates found it growing in loess of cultivated areas and very scattered in grassy areas with gramma grass and staghorn cactus in pinyon-juniper woodlands. The corollas on Semple & Love 297 are said to have been "purple with white center" when fresh, but on Richardson 1580 and W. D. Stevens 1710 they were "blue", while on Moran 2363) it is stated that the corolla-tube was "purplish-pink, the limb white", on Dun- can 12696 the corolla was "light-purple" and on Spellenberg & al. 1327 "pale-violet, paler in throat", Taylor & MacBryde (1977) classify the flowers and blue and red, flowering from April to September, and growing as a weed in British Columbia. Higgins has found V. bracteata in sandy soil in Prosopis- juniper communities and in sandy to clayey soils in the Prosopis— Juniperus-grassland commnity. Thorne found it growing in associ- ation with Gnaphalium purpureum, G. palustre, Navarettia hamata, Amaranthus albus, etc. Moran refers to it as "occasional" near drying pond edges and "towards edge of dry laguna with abundant Sida hederacea" in Baja California. Blakley refers to it as an "anmaal, common locally, prostrate at moist edge of vernal lake in silty-clay soil", while Demaree found it (the erect form) to be "common" in open rock mountains of Utah. Fosberg encountered it at 20 meters altitude. Churchill encountered it "on eroded sandy slopes in sandy loam soil of upland prairie pasture with Andropogon, Solidago, etc." Other recent collectors have encountered this species on dry riverbeds and banks, along roadsides, on dry slough bottoms, and in the Shortgrass-Prairie community. Don (1830) calls the plant "bracteose vervain" and dates its introduction into English gar— dens as 1820 from "Mexico". Muehlenbach considered his no. 1525 to represent a natural hybrid between V. simplex Lehm. and V. bracteata, but I can see no evidence of such hybridity in the sample of this collection examined by me. Perkins and his associates (1975) report that in V. bracteata the corollas are rapidly deciduous (caducous) following anthesis, the anthers and stigmas are about 1 mm. apart, the plants are less autogamous than V. halei Small and V. urticifolia L., seven plants studied with 310 potential seeds had a 21.9 percentage of seed-set when bagged, but nine plants with 765 potential seeds 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 135 had a 66.5 percent seed-set when insect-visited. The flowers were visited by the following insects: Diptera: Exoprosopa sp. (with pollen on head) ; Hymenoptera: eernrene obsoletum and Parno= pes edwardsii; Lepidoptera: Everes comynta , Hemiargus isola (with pollen on head), Nathalis iole, eae rotodice (with pol- len on head), Phyciodes phaon n (with j nol len on head), Pyrgus com- munis, and Strymon melims oes pollen on head). The Exoprosopa Hemiargus, Pieris, Pyrgus, and Strymon insects also visited the other Verbena species in the locality, i.e., V. halei, V. stricta, and V. urticifolia. The authors note that V, bracteata "was vis- ited predominantly by butterflies". It should perhaps be noted here that Edw. Palmer 3411, as least insofar as the Munich specimen is concerned, consists only of ex- tremely young sterile seedlings. The Atwood 6298, distributed as V. bracteata, is actually V. ambrosifolia | Rydb., Drummond Sn. [Saint Louis, 1832) is V. cana cana= densis (L.) Britton, Martens s.n. [Missouri] is xV. deamii Molden- ke, Edw. Palmer 342. i6V.. lasiostachys var. septentrionalis Mol- denke, a and Meebold 25u61 | is V. stricta Vent. W. Schumann 1070 is in part V. gracilis “Desf. and in part V. canescens H.B.K. Demaree 3571, in the herbarium of Louisiana State University, bears a la- bel inscribed "Dioscorea villosa L." -—- doubtless a case of mixed M, Chaney 226, “N 7 Petersen sone [Apr. 10, 1909], and Stotts aa iat 12; Tas also distributed as v. bracteata, all are ac- Rate Vv. ea deeeas (L.) Britton. Additional citations: GEORGIA: Clarke Co.: Duncan 12696 (Lv). ILLINOIS: Winnebago Co.: M. S. Bebb s.n. [Fountaindale] (Mu). IN DIANA: Jefferson Co.: Frazee sn. n. [June 6, 1885] (Lc). LaPorte Co.: Moffatt 1685 (Mi). IOWA: Story Co.: ye sen. [Ames, July 17, 1877] (liu). TENNESSEE: Blount Co.: Hooker joker s.n. [borders of Ohio river below Louisville] (Mu—293). MICHIGAN: Grand Traverse Co.: J. A. Churchill s.n, [12 August 1955] (Ln—203),20). WISCON- SIN: Brown Co.: Schuette s.n. [Fort Howard, July 22, 1887] (lu). SOUTH DAKOTA: Lawrence Co.: N N. F. Petersen s.n. Baie: 17, 1908] (Lv). MISSOURI: Cass Co.: Meebold 24223 (Mu). Saint Louis: Mueh- lenbach 312 (Mu) , 1525 (Mu), 3474 (Ac), ARKANSAS: Carroll Co.: H. H, Rush Rusby 7 780 1/2 (Mu). Craighead Co.: Demaree 3571 (Lv). County undetermined: F. L. Harvey s.n. [Curtiss 1962] (m—1282) . LOUIS- IANA: Lincoln Par.: Je A. Moore 5362 (Lv). UTAH: Utah Co.: Demar- ee 6501 (Ld). NEVADA: Lyon Co.: Ti Tiehm 1812 (N). Storey Ga. - Purpus 596 (Mu--l287). COLORADO: “Archuleta Co.: Weber & Livings- ton 6259 (Mi). Denver Co.: Cole 5687 [Herb. Kent Sci. Mus. 51385] (Mi). Elbert Co.: S. R. Hill 1277 (N). El Paso Co.: Meebold 12269 (Mu). NEBRASKA: Pierce Co.: N. F, Petersen s.n. [Aug. LL, 1910] (Lv), s.n. [Aug. 12, 1910] (Lv). Polk Co. 8 S. P. Churchill 136 P Hage Te O ORG eA. Vol, 36, mpeee 6606 (N). IDAHO: Gooding Co.: R o Je Davis 1781 (N). TEXAS: Bowie Coe: Correll & Correll 12398 (Mi). Martin Co.: Semple & Love Coit (W--27 32736). NEW MEXICO: Catron Co.: Pinkava, Lehto, & Ree-_ ves P.12)92 (N, W--2737086). Curry Co.: Higgins ggins 9050 (N) (N). Dona Ana Co.: Co.: Chiang, Wendt, & Johnston 8621 (Ld). Guadalupe Co.: Hig- gins 8925 (N). McKinley Co.: Spellenberg, Reitzel, & McKinney 4327 (N). Roosevelt Co.: Higgins 8672 (N). San Miguel Co.: Hig- gins 8886 (N). Torrence Co.: Deiekanowski, Dunn, & Bennett 2390 (N). Union Co.: Higgins 8810 (N N). ARIZO Greenlee Co.: Pinkava, Lehto, & Reeves P.12h21 (Ny). WASHINGTON: Benton Co.: Dziekanow- ski, . Dunn, & Be & Bennett 2518 (N). Klickitat Co.: Doppelbauer & & Dop~ pelbauer 663 aor 663 (Gm). Yakima Co.: W. D. Stevens 1710 (Ln--2)))892) « OREGON: Malheur Co.: Doppelbauer & & Doppelbauer - 82h (Mu). CALI- FORNIA: Los Angeles Co.: F. R. Fosberg S.l105 (Sd——72779); Parish & Parish 1596 (Mu—-1553); Thorne 36516 (Sd—€9553). San Luis Obispo C Co.: os Edw. Palmer 311 11 (Mu). CH CHANNEL ISLANDS: Santa Cata- lina: Blakl ey 5394 y 5394 1, (Sd—85037) « MEXICO: Baja California: Re vy. Moran 16110 (Sd—-71hl6), 16627 (Sd—72969), 2363) (Ld). Coahui- la: Richardson 1580 (Au-~302675) . CULTIVATED: Germany: Herb. Kummer s.n. [Hort. bot. Monac. 183] (Mu—12l9); Herb. Zuccarini s.n. [Hort. bot. Monac. 1836] (Mu—295); Schrank s.n. [Hort. Monac.] (Mu--290). Sweden: Collector undetermined s.n. (Ac). LOCALITY OF COLLECTION UNDETERMINED: Herb. Reg. Monac. 291 (Mu). VERBENA BRASILIENSIS Vell. Additional synonymy: Verbena litoralis pycnostachya Schau. ex Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 2: 680, in syn. 1971. Additional & emended bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Can- doll. 3: 9h & 495. 1858; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 1, 716. 1969; G. W. Thomas, Tex. Pl. Ecolog. Summ. 77. 1979; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 2, 716. 1974; D. S. & H. B. Correll, Aquat. & Wetland Pl. SW. U. S., imp. 2, 2: 1396, 1397, & 1775. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 136 (1975), 31: 375 & 377 (1975), and 3h: 2,8—250, 257, 260, & 270. 1976; Soukup, Biota 11: 18. 1976. Ferreira refers to this plant as a shrub, 1.2 m. tall, and found it growing in "brejo" (sedge meadow). Roivainen found it with Lupinus arboreus "en la zona humosa-arenisca" in Chile. In Ecuador it was encountered at 2850 meters altitude by Heinrichs. Other recent collectors have found it growing in pine forests, at the edges of ditches, in dry soil in sunny places, in "poorly drained stiff soil", and in shallow pools on prairies. Monz re= fers to it as "scarce" and as "scattered but relatively abundant on roadsides" in Louisiana, Curry found it frequent along banks and among Colocasia, Kirby reports it abundant on railroad banks, and Rockett refers to it as common in waste places. Moore calls it a roadside weed and Claycomb asserts that in Louisiana it is 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 137 "a very common roadside weed". On Ross 66 the label asserts that the leaves and stems were dark-green, while on C. A. Brown 2393 the collector informs us that there were "thick and thin spikes on the same plant". Hebert refers to the species as "abundant in open cornfields". The corollas on Ferreira 126 are said to have been "lilac" in color when fresh, while on Athanasius 6 and Van Wyk 267 they were 125, and Ross 66 they were "purple", on Duque-Jaramillo 273 they were "light-blue", on Bougere 1); and R. R. Smith 1732 "lavender", and on Krapovickas & al. 26799 "violet". Additional vernacular names reported for V. brasiliensis are "kudii penkel" and "verbena morada". In addition to months previ- ously reported, the species has been collected in fruit in March. It has been found growing at altitudes of 200 to 3700 meters in Peru. Demaree speaks of it as "common" or "very common" in wet open woods and disturbed areas in Arkansas and in rocky bottoms in Alabama. Werff comments that on Chatham Island, in the Galapagos, its flowers were "smaller and much more intense blue" than those on his no. 2181 (an as yet undetermined species). The Claycomb sen. [July 6, 192] and Montz 1824, distributed as V. brasiliensis, actually are V. bonariensis L., while Hort. Parag. 1005), Romero-Castafieda 10668, and T. Rojas 1889 are actu- ally V. litoralis H.B.K. and Muhammad 259 and Urbatsch 1938 are V. montevidensis Spreng. Additional citations: NORTH CAROLINA: Robeson Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 29997 (Ac). SOUTH CAROLINA: Bamberg Co.: Moldenke & Mol- denke 29963 (Ac, Ld, Tu). Clarendon Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 29977 (Tu). Dillon Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 29989 (Ld). Green- wood Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 29263 (Ld). Marion Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 29987 (Kh). Orangeburg Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 29970 (Ac), 29971 (Gz). GEORGIA: Chatham: Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 2992) (Ac, Gz, Ld). Dougherty Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 29361 (Ac). St. Simon's Island: Moldenke & Moldenke 29900 (Ac, Ld, Tu). FLORIDA: Escambia Co.: Meebold 2720 (Mu); R. R. Smith 1732 (Sd—7h167); S. M. Tracy 8706 (Ln—70125). Putnam Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 2985 (Gz). ALABAMA: Montgomery Co.: Demaree 70060 (Ld). MISSISSIPPI: Warren Co.: C. A. Brown 18610 (Lv). ARKANSAS: Cleveland Co.: Dem- aree 6978a (Ld). Lincoln Co.: Demaree 70225 (ld). Saint Francis Co.: Demaree 15103 (Lv). LOUISIANA: Acadia Par.: Chandrapanya 2 (Lv). Bossier Par.: Robinette 239 (Lv). East Baton Rouge Par.: C. Allen 107 (Lv); C. A. Brown 1008 (Lv); Curry 615 (Lv), 666 (Lv); Hebert 207 (Ld); Ross 66 (Lv). Lafayette Par.: Claycomb s.n. [June 13, 1942] (Lv). Lincoln Par.: Keiser Ql (Le); D. K. Lowe 3i (Lv); J. A. Moore 5200 (Lv). Orleans Par.: C. A. Brown 238 (Lv), 2393 (Lv); Meebold 2722) (Mu). Ouachita Par.: B. Thompson & Botany 138 PATO. OxG0T A Vol. 36, no. 2 Class 157 (Lc). Plaquemines Par.: C. A. Brown 2309 (Lv). Pointe Coupee Par.: M. Chaney 111 (Lv). Saint Charles Par.: Montz 56 (Lv), 182 (Lv), 566 (ivy 637 (Lv, Lv, Lv), 726 (Lv), 790 790 (Lv). Saint Helena Pars: | C. M. Allen 381 (Lv) ; Rockett 125 (lv). Saint Tammany Par.: Bougere 1 1h (Lv), 1091 (Lv), 1099 (Lv). Tangipahoa Par.: Frederick 108 (Lv); Kirby 160 (Is). Terrebonne Par.: Arce= neaux s.n. [July 20, '37] (Lv); Bynun, Ingram, & Jaynes sen. (Houma, Apr. 23, 1933] (Lv). West Feliciana Par.: Curry, Martin, & Allen 38 (Lv); Seib 10 (Lv). TEXAS: Jefferson Co.: Stutzenbaker 205 5 (Mu). CALIFORNIA: “Butte Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 30291 (Ac, Tay Mu, W). COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: Duque-Jaramillo 2707 707 (N), 273k (N) . ECUADOR: Tunguragua: Heinrichs 65 (Mu). GALAPAGOS IS— LANDS: Chatham: Werff 218 [182] (Ld). BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Ir- win, Harley, & Onishi 29512 (W--2759076). Paran4: L. F. Ferreira 126 (Id). Rio Grande do Sul: Reineck & Czermak 63 (im). State undetermined: Martius 1033 (Mu). BOLIVIA: La Paz: M. Bang 136 (Mu--1785). CHILE: Cautin: podvainen 3054 (Mu). Concepcién: Neger s.n. [1893-96] (Mu--398 8). Valdivia: Athanasius 64 (Mu). Valparaiso: Behn s.n. ([Quilpué, 22 Lenore 1931] (Mu). ARGENTINA: Cérdoba: Lorentz 131 [Macbride photos 20316] (Mu); Pierotti s.n. (27/I/19h4h] (Ut—330559B, Ut--330575B). Corrientes: Krapovickas, Cristébal, Irigoyen, & Schinini 26799 (Ld). Mendoza: Ruiz Leal 8393 (Ut—-330258B) . SOUTH AFRICA: Na: Natal: Meebold 1280 O (Mu). Transvaal: Van Wyk 267 (Ac). VERBENA CABRERAE Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 120, 195, 197, & WhO (197h) and 31: 388. 1975. Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Jujuy: Krapovickas, Schinini, & Quarin 26689 (Ld). VERBENA CABRERAE var. ANGUSTILOBATA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 195, 197, & 4hO. 197. VERBENA CALIFORNICA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 197. 197h. McNeal 925, a topotype, distributed as V. officinalis L., was collected in moist rocky serpentine soil in streambed crossing (the actual type locality!), flowering in May. This is apparent- ly the exact spot where my wife and I, as well as our son, ob- served and collected this plant and where our son originally dis- covered it. Additional citations: CALIFORNIA: Tuolumne Co.: McNeal 925 (N). VERBENA CALLIANTHA Briq. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 136. 1975. Troll encountered this species on pd4ramos at 300 meters alti- 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 139 tude. Porto & Oliveira describe it as stoloniferous, the "petals red (5P5/9)". Additional citations: BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul: Porto & Oli- veiro ICN.9585 (Ut--32060). BOLIVIA: Province undetermined: Troll 281 [Altos del Escalon] (Mu). VERBENA CAMERONENSIS L. I. Davis Additional & emended bibliography: Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 1, 716. 1969; G. W. Thomas, Tex. Pl. Scolog. Summ. 77. 1969; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom, Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 2, 716. 197; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 243. 197k; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.26: 5. 1975. Martfnez-Calderén found this plant growing in "acahual" secon- dary vegetation, at 6 meters altitude, and the corollas on his no. 126 are said to have been "blue". ; ee citations: MEXICO: Veracruz: Martfnez-Calderén 126 N). VERBENA CAMPESTRIS Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 218 (1972) and 36: 35. 1977. Kummrow found this plant growing in "orla campo das encosta de pequenos morros", flowering in September, and describes the corollas as white. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Paran4: Kummrow 11)2 (Z). VERBENA CANADENSIS (L.) Britton Additional synonymy: Verbena lamberti B. M. ex G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 27. 1830. Glandularia aubletia Q Spach, Hist. Nat. Veg. Phan. 9: 240. 180. Glandularia aubletia @ Spach, Hist. Nat. Veg. Phan. 9: 240. 180. Verbena pulchella erinoides Zucc. ex Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 279, in sphalm. 1976. Additional & emended bibliography: G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 27 (1830) and ed. 2, 247. 1832; G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit. Suppl. 1: 680. 1832; Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 552 & 602. 1832; Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 602. 1839; Baxt. in Loud., Hort. Brit. Supp. 2: 680. 1839; Spach, Hist. Nat. Veg. Phan. 9: 239--2h0. 180; Baxt. in Loud., Hort. Brit. Suppl. [3]: 655. 18503 Schnitz- lein, Iconogr. Fam. Nat. 2: 137 Verbenac. [3] & 137: fig. 3. 1856; Buek, Gen. Spec. & Syn. Candoll. 3: 199, 9h, & 495. 1858; Viln., Fl. Pleine Terr., ed. 1, 936 (1865), ed. 2, 2: 973-97 (1866), and ed. 3, 1: 1197. 1870; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 510. 1891; Voss in Vilm., Fl. Pleine Terr., ed. 4, 1065 & 1070. 189; Loes., Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 53: 75. 1912; Barker, Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull. 8: 571. 1969; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 1, 715 & 716. 1969; G. W. Thomas, Tex. Pl. Ecolog. Summ. 77. 1969; Healy, Gard, Guide Pl. Names 225. 1972; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 2, 715 & 716. 197); El-Gazzar, Egyot. Journ, Bot. 17: 75 & 78. 197; Kooiman, Act. Bot. Neerl. 2h: 463. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 136—138 (1975) and 31: 376 377, L09, & 11. 1975; H. D. Wils., Vasc. Pl. Holmes Co. Cat. Sh. 10 P PyeTEO L-O°G TA Vol. 36, nowe 1975; Fleming, Genelle, & Long, Wild. Fls. Fla. 15 & 82. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 34: 249, 250,270, 27h, & 279. 1976; Vander- poel, Natl. Wildlife 15 (1): 50. 1976; A. L. Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 88. 1977. Additional illustrations: Voss in Vilm., Fl. Pleine Terr., ed. 3, 1: 1197 (1870) and ed. 4, 1065. 189); Vanderpoel, Natl. Wild- life 15 (1): 50 [in color]. 1976. It should be noted here that Spach's var. Cf is based on the original V. aubletia L. and is characterized by him as "a fleurs pourpres", while his var. ® is based on V. drummondii (Lindl.) Baxt. and is characterized as "a fleurs lilas". He regards Billardiera explanata Moench as a synonym of var. &. Of the species he says "Cette espace, originaire des provinces méridio- nales des Ktats-Unis, se cultive fréquement comme plante de par- terre". Tans describes the material of V. canadensis which he collec- ted "in recently landscaped roadside gravel in partial shade" as somewhat sprawling, the corollas rose-purple, the corolla-tube 17 mm. long, its limb 12 mm. wide, and the calyx 12 m. long. Ste- phens found the species "in dry rocky limestone soil on prairie pasture hillside". Waterfall encountered it in openings in oak= hickory woods on stony hillsides. The corollas on D'Arcy & Beck- ner 1656 are said to have been "showy blue—purple", while on LePine 5056 they were "lavender", on Guguch 92 they were "rose", and on Ware 51 they were "blue". Healy (1972) lists the horticultural varieties: "Compacta Ame- thyst", "Miss Susie Double", "Olympia", and "Royal Bouquet". These are listed as though varieties of V. canadensis, but certainly the last-mentioned (and perhaps all) is a cultivar of xV. hybrida Voss. Darlington & Wylie (1956) refer to V. canadensis as native to "N. & S. Am.", but this is erroneous -- it is not known from South Americal Lon (1830) calls V. aubletia "Aublet's vervain" and V. lamberti "Lambert's vervain", both now usually regarded as synonyms of V. canadensis. He dates the introduction of Aublet's vervain into English gardens as 177) from "N. Amer.", but Lam bert's vervain he says was introduced from "S. Amer.", date not known, This latter statement does not seem likely. In this connection it should be noted here that the Bahama Islands collection cited below does not indicate on its accom=— panying label that it originated from cultivated material, but I assume that it did, since it is most unlikely that V. canadensis should occur in the wild state on these islands. The "V. candensis" illustrated by Fleming, Genelle, & Long (1976) actually is V. temisecta Brig.! Wilson (1975) cites H. D. Wilson 1860 from Holmes County, Ohio, based on "a single plant". Recent collectors have encountered V. canadensis on dissected stream terraces, in cleared thickets on ridges, in mixed woods, open fields, and wooded areas on black calcareous soil, on “hill- 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 141 side rocks", under mixed hardwoods on dry hillsides, in clay soil of grassy fields with Trifolium, in black or black calcareous soil of prairies, and in novaculite bottoms. LePine refers to it as a common perennial, while Guguch calls it an occasional herba- ceous perennial. Collectors describe it as erect, with a flat- topped inflorescence, the stems ascending, l--5 dm. tall, and the flowers odorless. Barker (1969) reports it "Common, in rocky up- land prairies, on rocky prairie slopes, on rocky roadside embank- ments and along railroad right-of-ways. Found throughout the area." Other recent collectors have found the species in the red soil of dry pine flatwoods in Texas, while Demaree reports it "common in dolomite glades" in Arkansas. The Herb. Staatssamml, Munch. s.n. and Herb, Hort. Monac. s.n., originally distributed as V. can canadensis, are re actually V. andrieuxii Schau., while J. A. Churchill s.n. [1h May 1954], Herb. Reg. Monac. s.n. [Missouri], and R. Kral 264,22 are V. bipinnatifida ae Karwinski s.n. [In imperio ‘io mexicano] is IK. elegans H.B.K., Purpus 6061 is V. " gooddingii Briq., Lindheimer IV. IV.501 is V. pumila ibe, Kirby 116— is V. rigida Spreng., 4, Curtiss 1963 i is Va fi tampensis Nash, and C. A. Brown 5636 is V. tenuisecta Briq. Coppor s.n. [June 23, 1959] is anomalous in having the leaves of V. canadensis and the calyxes of V. ambrosifolia Rydb. Additional citations: FLORIDA: ‘Alachua Co.: D'Arcy & Beckner 1656 (Sd--85760). ALABAIA: Tuscaloosa Co.: Nevius s.n. (Lv; liv). OHIO: County undetermined: Frank sen. [1837] (Mu--262). TENNESSEE: Wilson Co.: J. A. Churchill s.n. Sen. (2h April 1971] (Ln—-236291). WISCONSIN: Walworth Co.: Tans is 176 (Ts). KANSAS: Franklin Co,: GOPPOR 8 se sen. [June 23, 1959] (Le). Lyon Co.: Sudweeks sen. [6/13/ 60] (Le). | Osage Co.: Roush sen. [6/16/59] (Le); Stephens _ 30597 (Sd--7100). MISSOURI: Barry Co.: Meebold 25570 (Mu). Cooper Co.: McReynolds 750651 (Lv). Jackson %0.: Meebold eae (Mu), 2528 (Mu). St. Louis: Drummond son. [Saint Louis, 1832] (u—29h). ARKANSAS: Carroll Co.: Demaree ree 5346) (Ln—-236563) . Drew Co.: Dem aree 16566 (Lv). Hot Springs Co.: D Demaree 16920 (Lv). LOUISIANA: Ascension Par.: Ware 51 (Lv). Bossier Par.: Robinette 67 (Lv). Caddo Par.: C. A. Br Brown 20378 (Lv); N. F. Petersen s.n. ~TApr. 10, 1909] (Lv). East Baton Rouge Par.: oy A. Brown sen. . (Sept. 30, 1936] (Lv). Natchitoches Par.: Gs ren Brown m 7147 (Lv). Ouachita Par.: Garland 200 (Lv); Thomas & J Jones 168) (K1--11393). Pointe Coupee Par.: M. ©. Chaney 226 226 (Lv (Lv). Saint John the Baptist Par.: Guguch 92 (Lv); LePine 5056 (Lv). Saint Tammany Par.: Arséne 11982 (Lv). Winn Par.: "Brown & Lenz 7607 (Lv), sen. (April 7, 1939] (Lv); N. F. Petersen s. oak. [h-12-12] (Lv). OKLAHOMA: Creek Cow: Je Aw Churchill Sen. (13 A April 1953] (Ln—203426), Mayes Co.: Waterfall 15292 (im). Tulsa Co.: Stutts Sone [April a2. 12 P HAaeO7INO Golak Vol. 36, nogee "hl] (Lv). TEXAS: Harris Co.: J. A. Churchill s.n. [1 May 1955) . (Ln--20)153). LOCALITY OF COLLECTION UNDET ERMINED: Prince Paul of Wurtemberg s.n. [America sept. civit. confed. 1831] (ifu--1567). CULTIVATED: Austria: Herb. Zuccarini SoM. {hort. Htigel, Vindob. 1839] (Mu--269). Bahama Islands: Herb. S Schmiedel s.n. [Ins. Ba- hamensis] (Mu--256). Germany: Herb, Gr Grimm s.n. [1787] (Mu--255) 5 Herb. Reg. Monac. 263 (Mu); Herb. b. Schmiedel s.n sen. [h. Selton. '87] (Mu--257) 3 Herb. Schreber s.n. tert. Erlang . 1778] (Mu--258) , ae pedi ab le Ah a tme phte atrnioe (aiu—261) 5 Herb. Zuccarini s.n. sinter bot. Monac.] (Mu--26), Mu—- 265) 3 Schrank s.n. [Hort. Monac. ) (Mu--250). VERBENA CANADENSIS (L.) Britton x V. AMBROSIFOLIA Rydb. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 199--200 & 451. 197h. Coppor s.n. [June 23, 1959], cited under V. canadensis, has intermediate characters between that species and V. ambrosifolia and may thus represent this hybrid. VERBENA CANADENSIS (L.) Britton x V. ELEGANS H.B.K. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 200 & 51. 197k. VERBENA CANADENSIS (L.) Britton x V. MARITIMA Small Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 200, 451, & 46h. 197k. VERBENA CANADENSIS (L.) Britton x V. PERUVIANA (L.) Britton Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 200, 51, & 46h. 197). VERBENA CANADENSIS (L.) Britton x V. TAMPENSIS Nash Additional bibliography: Molcenke, Phytologia 28: 200, 51, 465. 197h. VERBENA CANESCENS H.B.K. Additional synonymy: Verbena canescens var. canescens [H.B.K.] apud Thomas, Tex. Pl. Ecolog. Summ. 77. 1969. Additional & emended bibliography: Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 19. 1830; G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. Ln 27, (2630) eae 2, 2h7. 1832; Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 552 & 553. 1832; G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 27. 18393 Buek, Gen. Spec « Syn. Candoll. 3: 49). 1858; Loes., Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 53: 7h. 1912; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 1, 716. 1969; G. W. Thomas, Tex. Pl. Ecolog. Summ. 77. 1969; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 2, 716. 197h3 El-Gazzar, Egypt. Journ. Bot. 17: 75 & 78. 1974; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 138, 156, & 165 (1975), 31: 377 & 378 (1975), and 3h: 251, 252, & 278. 1976. 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 143 Don (1830) calls this the "canescent vervain" and dates its introduction into English gardens from Mexico as 182, but Loudon (1832) dates its introduction as 1820. Thomas (1969) calls it the "gray verbena". Recent collectors have encountered this plant in clayish soil of desert scrub, in calcareous loam in chaparral on steep encan- yoned conglomerate fans, in calcareous gravelly soil of "matorral desértico microfilo inerme" on limestone hills, in open hilly limestone areas, on rock and gravel in xerophytic canyons, in "matorral desértico inerme y con espinas laterales" on mostly limestone hillsides with some extrusive igneous rock on top, on limestone gravel and rocky limestone slopes, and in "matorral subdesértico inerme y con espinas laterales" on flat areas near the bottom of "bajadas", growing in association with Larrea tri- dentata, Parthenium incanum, Celtis pallida, Flourensia cernua, Yucca c. carnerosana, Agave peed lookeewilin. Vauquelinia corymbosa, Fou- quieria splendens splendens, Amelanchier, Acacia, Opuntia, Mortonia, Lycium, Mimosa, and Dasylirion. Henrickson re a foes to it as RGroguent ia j some ipedisties and as an "infrequent perennial" in others. El- lis and his associates found it on "oak scrub hills with Lupinus and Populus". The corollas are said to have been "violet" on Henrickson 6263. Demaree asserts that there were "not many" of these plants where he made his Texan collection. Loesener (1912) cites Seler & Seler 3488 from Coahuila, Mexico. Material of V. canescens has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as "Verbena halii Small". On the other hand, the W. M. Jones 7, distributed as Pe canescens, actually is var. roe- meriana (Scheele) Perry; W. Schumann Schumann 1070 is a mixture with Tia > gracilis s Desf. Additional citations: TEXAS: Bexar Co.: Meebold 27301 (Mu). Tarrant Co.: Demaree 66202 (Ld). MEXICO: Chihuahua: Ellis, Le Doux, & Watkins 96 (N). Coahuila: Henrickson 11601 (Ld); Johns- ton, Wendt, & C & Chiang C. 10276b (Ld); yonnsten, Wendt, Chiang oc & R: Riskind 1 1170¢ (Ld d)j | Marsh larsh 1687 (Ld). Jalisco: o: Schumann 1070, in part = we Nuevo Leén: P Painter, ee & Barkley ey 14276 (Ld). Oaxaca: Pringle )78 (Mu--1802). Puebla: Ventura A. 157) (Sd—- 78100). San Luis Potosi: ee sen. [1875-79] ~ (Mu—-1557) « Tamaulipas: Painter & Barkley 1 ley 15373 (id). Zacatecas: Chiang, Wendt, & Johnston 7 7901 Ld), 7920 (La) ; Henrickson 6263 (Ld); Johnston, “Chiang, & Wendt 10435 35 (Ld), 10440 (Ld). VERBENA CANESCENS var. ROEMERIANA (Scheele) Perry Additional bibliography: G. W. Thomas, Tex. Pl. Ecolog. Sum, 77. 1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 138, 156, & 165 (1975), 31: 378 (1975), and 3l? 251. 1976. Thomas (1969) calls this the "Roemer verbena". Additional citations: TEXAS: Brown Co,: J. Reverchon s.n. {Cur— hh P AY 2.0 -L,0GriyA Vol. 36, novsd tiss 1961] (Mu—1556). Caldwell Co.: W. M. Jones 7 (Mu). Cameron Comets a 629 (Mu). Comal Co.: Lindheimer mer 1074 (Mu-~l,086) . Kerr Co.: E E. Je Je . Palmer 10002 (Mu). VERBENA CAROLINA L. Additional & emended synonymy: Verbena carolinensis, melissae folio aspero Dill. in Ray, Synop. Meth. Stirp. Brit., ed. 3, pl. 301, fig. 388.172). Verbena polystachya Kunth ex G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 26. 1830. Verbena carolinensis etc. Dill. ex Schau. in A. ., Prodr. 11: 546, in syn. 187. Verbena carolinensis &c. Dill. ex Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: Loh, in syn. 1858. Verbena Jee El-Gazzar, Egypt. Journ. Bot. 176.75 &.780) 197. Verbena carolina var. polystachya (H.B.K.) Schimpff ex Moldenke, , Phytologia 3): 278, in syn. 1976. Additional & emended bibliography: Dill. in Ray, Synop. Meth. Stirp. Brit., ed. 3, pl. 301. fig. 388. 172i; G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 246 (1830) and ed. 2, 246. 1832; Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 552. "18325 G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 26. 1839; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 494--4)96. 1858; Druce & Vines, Dill. Herb. 182. 1907; Loes., Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 53: The 1912; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 1, 716 (1969) and imp. 2, 716. 197); El- Gazzar, Egypt. Journ. Bot. 17: 75 & 78. 197hs Garcia, MacBryde, Molina, & Herrera-MacBryde, Malez. Preval. Cent. Am. "13 & 161. 1975; Hinton & Rzedowski, Anal. Esc. Nac. Cienc. Biol. 21: 111. 1975; Lépez—Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andes 153 92. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 138--139 (1975) and 31: 378. 19753 Molina R., Ceiba 19: 95. 1975; Soukup, Biota 11: 18. 1976: Mol- denke, Phytologia 3: 270, 278, & 281 (1976) and 36: 47. 1977. Additional illustrations: pill. in Ray, Synop. Meth. Stirp. Brit., ed. 3, pl. 301, fig. 388. 172); Garcia, MacBryde, Molina, & ee aera? Teneo. Preval. Cent. Am. 143 (in colore 1975. According to Druce & Vines (1907) the Dillen pre-Linnean des= ignation for this species is represented in his herbarium by a cultivated specimen from the Eltham Garden, collected in 1726, and referred to V. caroliniana Willd. by Klinsmann, to V. poly- stachya H.B.K. by Asa Gray, and finally to V. carolina ite Don (1830) calls the species the "Carolina vervain" and gives 1732 as the date of its introduction from "N, Amer." into Eng- lish gardens -- but it was in cultivation there as early as 1726 according to Dillen. The cospecific V. veronicaefolia he calls the "veronica-leaved vervain" and avers that it was introduced from Mexico in 1825; V. polystachya he calls the "many-spiked vervain" and dates its introduction into English gardens from Mexico as 1820. It should be noted here that the specimen from the Bahama Is—- lands, cited below, does not bear any indication on its accom= panying label that it came from cultivated material, but I am as- suming that it did because V. carolina is not known in the wild L977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 145 condition on those islands. Recent collectors have encountered V. carolina in pinelands, along streams in granitic canyons "growing with Cordia, Quercus, Phaseolus, Ipomopsis, grasses, and herbs", and "in pine forests, some parts of which were severely cutover, in basic usually thin sandy soil capped by thick basalt, but with soft bedded volcanic underneath, with caves containing well-preserved Amerind pueblos and relics in the overhang, growing with Pinus spp. and Quercus spp." Henrickson refers to it as an "infrequent annual in dis- turbed areas". The corollas were "blue" on Contreras 10972 and "violet—blue" on Colaris 1529. Loesener (1912) cites Seler & Seler 130) from Mexico. The Kar~ winski s.n. [in imperio mexicano], distributed as V. carolina, ac- tually is V. ehrenbergiana Schau., while Martinez Calderén 1352 is V. longifolia f. albiflora Moldenke, H. H. Rusby 780 is V. mac- dougalii Heller, Spencer s.n. [1916 4.25] is V. menthaefolia Benth., Karwinski s.n. is V. recta H.5.K., C. A. Brown 3892, Par- ish & Parish 1043, and Wurzlow s.n. [June 20, 1912] are V. scabra 1819], and Schoepf s.n. [ad New York] are V. simplex Lehm., and Herb. Reg. Monac. 250 is Stachytarpheta angustifolia f. elatior (Schrad.) Lépez-Palacios. Additional citations: ARIZONA: County undetermined: Stalmach 198 (Au—-122071). MEXICO: Chihuahua: McCabe 10 (Ws); Wilson, Johnston, & Johnston 8595 (Ld). Federal District: Barkley, Row ell, & Webster 2199 (In—-189707). México: Salinas M. 85 (Ws). Oaxaca: Colaris 1529 (Ut—-328615B); Pringle 4892 (Mu—180). Za- catecas: Henrickson 1392 (Ld). GUATEMALA: Baja Verapaz: Contre- ras 10972 (W--27953l5). Guatemala: Kellerman 6540 (Ld). Santa Rosa: Heyde & Lux 3019 (Mu—1808). Solol&: Kellerman 5825 (Ac, Au). CULTIVATED: Bahama Islands: Herb. Schmiedel s.n. [Insul. on (Mu--297). Germany: Schreber s.n. [Hort. Bot. Erlang.] Mu——-298). VERBENA CAROLINA f. ALPIFLORA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 95. 1858; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 203 & 32. 197h. Additional citations: MEXICO: Veracruz: Gutierrez R. 32 (Ws). VERBENA CATHARINAE Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 203. 197k. Hatschbach encountered this plant along roadsides and the cor ollas are said to have been "deep—lilac" on Hatschbach 11968. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Paran4: Hatschbach 195) [Herb. Brad. 8008] (Mu), 14968 [Herb. Brad. )8009] (Mu). VERBENA CHILENSIS Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 186 (1972) 16 P PAT sO0°' 0 G I"A Vol. 36, no. 2 and 3: 260. 1976. Additional citations: CHILE: Valdivia: Neger s.n. [Villarrica,. 1897] (Mu—3983) . VERBENA CILIATA Benth. Additional & emended bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Can- doll. 3: 9h. 1858; Loes., Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 53: 75. 1912; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. l, 716. 1969; G. W. Thomas, Tex. Pl. Ecolog. Summ. 77. 19693; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 2, 716. 1974; Hinton & Rzedowski, Anal. Esc. Nac. Cienc. Biol. 21: lll. 1975; E. H. Jordan, Checklist Organ Pipe Cact. Natl. Mon. 7. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 132 & 139 (1975) and 3h: 252 & 270. 1976; A. L. Moldenke, Phytologia 35: 173. 1977. Tilforth describes this plant as an "annual, branched from base and above, decumbent to ascending, common but in groups. Other recent collectors have encountered it "on mezquital and tobosa flats in alluvial bajadas in fine textured alluvial soil", "in creosote scrub of Chihuahuan Desert", "in open Chihuahuan Desert with rocky reddish clay soil", in clay soil of dry lakes, in rocky clay soil, in small ravines, "in limestone soil of rugged lime- stone sierra", "in matorral desértico microfilo inerme on broad alluvial flats, in calcareous adobe alluvium", "in limestone soil in areas of extensive chaparral and oaks, the lower slopes with Yucca carnerosana and Dasylirion, the upper slopes with Pinus ponderosa and Agave macroculmis", "in chaparral with many pines on the higher slopes, in steep canyon through mountains of igne- ous rock, mostly intrusive basics, in gravelly, grussy and sandy soils derived from the igneous rock", "in calcareous gravelly adobe of matorral subdesértico inerme y con espinas laterales in flat areas near bottom of bajada", "in gravelly pale alluvial adobe soil of izotal of Yucca filifera in low flat valley bottoms between gentle hills", and in open pine-juniper woodland-meadow areas, growing in association with Prosopis glandulosa, Hilaria mutica, Agave lecheguilla, Yucca carnerosana, Y. filifera, Larrea tridentata, Opuntia imbricata, Celtis pall Tida, “Flourensia cermua, Atriplex, Bahia, Conyza, Salsola, Acacia, Buddleia, Jatropha, ha, Par thenium, Nips Clematis, Sicy Sicyos, Scare Pimms, Pseudotsuga, Ceanotims, Cercocarpus, Salvia, Carex, Bidens, Eryng ium, pinyon, juniper, aries composites, ane numerous samiee Torke and his associates found it in "red soil, still heavily cultivated area with some cacti and associates", at 5750 feet altitude. Stuessy refers to it as "scarce in Prosopis-Larrea scrub". Davidse en- countered it "in Bouteloua grassland with low shrubs and Opuntia". Collectors describe the plant as a small decumbent perennial, 6 inches to 1 foot tall. Henrickson refers to it as "frequent" or "infrequent" and as "a common roadside weed". The corollas on Henrickson 13293 and Ventura A. 1646 are said to have been "purple", while on n Tilforth 562 they 1 were ere "purple 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 147 with externally white lobes", on Henrickson 6345c & 11212 they were "violet", on Henrickson a Dance ier on Henrickson 8027 "red-violet", on Johnston, Chiang, & Wendt 10432 "deep=pink", on Chiang, Wendt, & Johnston hnston 7987 "dark tees Pec and on Stuessy 965 "pale-blue". Thomas (1969) calls it the "fringe verbena", Mrs. Jordan (1975) records the common name, "hairy verbena". Loesener (1912) cites Seler & Seler 1126, 1173, 117k, 1379, & 3555 from Guanajuato, Michoac4n, Tlaxcala, | ae a Oaxaca, | Mexico, and 1056 4056 from Kinney County, Texas. The Reeves & Pinkava 11933, distributed as V. ciliata, is actu- ally V. bipinnatifida % Nutt., while J. A. Churchill SMe [23 April 1953) i is V. ciliata var. pubera (Greene) Perry, Edw. Pa Palmer 339, Reeves & Lehto R.1166, Reeves & Pinkava 1197, and be were © & Turner 8 ORE tae otheead Ee he etd BR catia Sean aoa ak ae AD 68-87 | are V. gooddingii Briq., Fugate, McLaughlin, & & VicVanus “652. and Warren & Turner 68-33 are V. gooddingii var. a ie Tid- estr., T. Reeves R.1166 is xV. perplexa Moldenke, Lindheimer 1075 is V. pumila la Rydb., Cro Croft s.n. (San Diego, 1885] is V. quadrangulata Heller, Pringle 180 and Schaffner Son. Pgan Luis Potosf, 1375-79] are V. teucriifolia Mart. & Gal., and S Semple & Love 321 and Van Gray. Meebold 27286 is a mixture of V. bipinnatifida Nutt. and Evolvulus sp. Additional citations: ARIZONA: Cochise Co.: Tilforth 562 (Mi, Sd--90751). Pima Co.: J. A. Churchill s.n. [29 March 1972] (Ln-- 235661). Pinal Co.: Thornber s.n. [May 28, 28, 1905] (Ld). MEXICO: Chihuahua: Henrickson 5723 (Ld), 8027 (Ld), 11212 (Ld); Johnston, Wendt, & Chiang C. 105402 a); 11307e (Ld); Stue Stuessy 965 (Ws). Geass: Chiang C C., Wend Wendt, & Johnston 7738 (Ld); Henrickson 5950b (Ld); isa Wendt, “chiang C., & Riskind 11985m (Id). Nuevo Leén: C hiang oy rendt, & Johnston 7987 (Ld). , Michoac4n: Torke, LeDoux, & Ellis 302 (nN). Puebla: Ventura A. 1646 (Sd— 78371) . San. Teas “Potos{: Schaffner Son. {San Lu Luis s Potosf, 1875- 79] (Mu--1561). Veracruz: Kerber 255 (i (Mi, Mu-~1777). renabapaas Chiang C., Wendt, & Johnston 7887 (Ld), 7900 (Ld); Davidse 99k (Ld); Henrickson 6345¢ (Ld), 6667 (Ld), 13293 (Ld); Johnst Johnston, Chiang C., & Wendt 10 10432 (La); Jo Johnston, Wendt, & Chiang C. 11566a (Ld). State undetermined: W. Sc! We sane 1071 [Feral] (Mu-- 3892) . VERBENA CILIATA var. LONGIDENTATA Perry Additional bibliography: G. W. Thomas, Tex Pl. Ecolog. Summ. 78. 1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 20-205 (197k) and 3h: 252 & 270. 1976. Runyon reports this plant "very abundant in this region [Cam eron County, Texas], covers acres of ground and is widespread in open fields, sandy soil" and describes it as an "erect branching and spreading herb". The corollas are said by him to have been "blue=purple" on R, Runyon 1782, a collection which has been mis- 1),8 PHY TO L10 GPA Vol. 36, no. 2 identified and erroneously cited previously by me as V. ambrosi- folia f. eglandulosa Perry. Hi The corollas are described as "lavender—blue" on Henrickson 7630 and "light magenta and purple" on Henrickson 6239. Recent collectors in Mexico have found the plant growing in rock and gravel in xerophytic canyons, in low clay roadside ditches, and on steep limestone-shale southwest-facing slopes, growing in associa- tion with Agave, Baccharis, Conyza, Flourensia, Fouquieria, Larrea, Parthenium, Pectis, Tidestromia, Yucca, cacti, grasses, etc., at altitudes of 4500--6100 feet. Henrickson refers to it as an "in- frequent annual". Material of this variety has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as V. erinoides Lam. or V. multifida Ruiz & Pav. The Ramirez & Cardenas 13, cited previously and again below, is a mixture with V. ambrosifolia Rydb. Additional & emended citations: TEXAS: Cameron Co.: R. Runyon 1782 (Mu, Rr, Rr). Zavala Co.: Ramirez & Cardenas 13, in part (Au--2521)). MEXICO: Chihwahua: Henrickson 7630 (Ld) . Nuevo Le- én: Painter, Lucas, & Barkley 1290 (ld). Zacatecas: Henrickson 6239 (Ld). CULTIVATED: France: Weinkauff s.n. [Jard. des plant. 183)] (Mu--125). Germany: Berger s.n. (Mu— 310) ; Herb. Schwaeg= richen s.n. [Hort. Lipsiensis] (Mu--1252, Mu--1253); Herb. Zuccar- ini s.n. (Mu--311, Mu--312). VERBENA CILIATA var. PUBERA (Greene) Perry Additional bibliography: G. W. Thomas, Tex. Pl. Ecolog. Sum. 78. 1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 139. 1975. The Meebold 22,91, distributed as V. ciliata var. pubera, is actually V. wrightii A. Gray. Additional citations: NEW MEXICO: Ge L. Fisher s.n. [Nara Visa, Apr. 21, 1911] (Mu--l27). ARIZONA: Mohave Co.: J. A. Churchill sen. [2h April 1953] (In—203h25) . VERBENA CLAVATA Ruiz & Pav. Additional bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 9h. cee Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 205. 197h; Soukup, Biota 11: 18. 197 e The Princess Therese of Bavaria 281, distributed as V. clavata, actually is V. occulta Moldenke. Additional citations: MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Rufz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. & Chil. 1: pl. 33, fig. b- 1797 (N, 2). VERBENA CLAVATA f. ALBIFLORA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 191. 1972; Soukup, Biota 11: 18. 1976. VERBENA CLAVATA var. CASMENSIS Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 191. 1972; 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 19 Soukup, Biota 11: 18. 1976. xVERBENA CLEMENSORUM Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 192 & 35. 1972. VERBENA CLOVERAE Moldenke Additional & emended bibliography: G. W. Thomas, Tex. Pl. Eco- log. Summ. 78. 1969; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 1, 716 (1969) and imp. 2, 716. 197k; Mol- denke, Phytologia 30: 139. 1975. Thomas (1969) calls this the "Clover verbena". xVERBENA CORRUPTA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 139—1)0 (1975) and 31: 411. 1975. VERBENA CORYMBOSA Rufz & Pav. Additional bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 49h. 1858; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom, Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 1, 716 (1969) and imp. 2, 716. 197h; Kooiman, Act. Bot. Neerl. 2h: 463. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 140 (1975) and 3h: 260. 1976; Soukup, Biota 11: 18. 1976. Hollermayer describes this plant as 1 meter or more tall. The corollas are said to have been "blue" on Hollermayer 62, while Lindeman says "corola roxa 2P7/6" and encountered the plant ina "pequefio bafihado". Additional citations: BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul: Lindeman ICN. 9448 (Ut—320455). Santa Catarina: Lourteig 216) (N). CHILE: Bfo-Bio: Neger s.n. [S. Juan, 1895-97] (ifu——2980) . Concepcién: Merxmifller 2,819 (Mu). Valdivia: Buchtien s.n. [Valdivia, 19/2/ 190] (Mu--3995); Hollermayer 62 (Mu). Laxa Island: Poeppig III. 157 (Mu--305). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Rufz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. & Chit. hee) 6 33,.figs.a..L19t (Ny: 2) VERBENA CRITHMIFOLIA Gill. & Hook. Additional & emended synonymy: Verbena critmifolia Gill. & Hook. ex Moldenke, Lilloa 8: 429, in nota. 192; Phytologia 9: 46, in syn. 1963. Verbena critmifolia Gill. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 3: 37, in syn. 1962. Additional & emended bibliography: Baxt. in Loud., Hort. Brit. Suppl. [3]: 655. 1850; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 9h & 507. 1858; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 1, 715 & 716 (1969) and imp. 2, 715 & 716. 197h3 Mol- denke, Phytologia 30: 10. 1975. The Lossen 8, distributed as V. crithmifolia, actually is V. hookeriana (Covas & Schnack) Moldenke. Additional citations: ARGENTINA: La Pampa: Krapovickas, Cris- tébal, Mroginski, & Fernandez 22321 (N). Neuquen: Ammann 115 (Mu). — 150 PUHY 0 LONGr irk Vol. 36,°nes*2 VERBENA CUMINGII Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 133 & 140. 1975. VERBENA CUNEIFOLIA Rufz & Pav. Additional bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 49h. 1858; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 348-39. 1971; Soukup, Bi- ota 11: 18. 1976. The corollas on Infantes 5295 are described as having been "moradas" [purple] and this collector encountered the plant in flower in February. Ferreyra describes it as a subshrub, )0—- 80 cm. tall, and found it growing in puna and pajonal associa- tions, at 3900--l\000 meters altitude, flowering and fruiting in May. Lépez-Palacios describes it as an "hierba rastrera, hojas de 1--1.5 cm, flores morado claro, pequeflas, espigas delgadas" and encountered it at 2500 meters altitude. Additional citations: ECUADOR: Loja: Lépez—Palacios 162 (Z). PERU: Ancash: R, Ferreyra 1393 (W--27)0336). La Libertad: In- fantes 5295 (Mu). XVERBENA DEAMIT Moldenke Additional bibliography: Perkins, Estes, & Thorp, Bull. Tor rey Bot. Club 102: 19h, 195, & 197. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 140 (1975) and 3: 250. 1976. Perkins and his associates (1975) found a single plant of this hybrid in a mixed population of verbenas including both parents, which, when artificially pollinated with V. bracteata pollen, produced a plant with 133 potential seeds and a 17.3 percentage of actual seed-set -- V. bracteata, one parent, had 66.5 percent seed=-set and V. stricta, the other parent, had 76 .3--87.6 percent seed=set. The only insect observed visit- ing indiscriminately both parental plants and their hybrid was Systropus sp. (observed with actual Verbena pollen on the head). Additional citations: MISSOURI: County undetermined: Martens sen. [Missouri] (Mu--292). VERBENA DELICATULA Mart. Additional bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 49. 1858; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 106. 1972. VERBENA DELTICOLA Small Additional & emended bibliography: G. W. Thomas, Tex. Pl. Ecolog. Summ. 78. 1969; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow, Pl., imp. 1, 716 (1969) and imp. 2, 716. 197); Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 39 (1974) and 3h: 251. 1976. Additional citations: TEXAS: Cameron Co.: C. L. Lundell 10758 (N). Nueces Co.: Duncan s.n. [March 16, 1975] (Ac). MEXICO: Nuevo Leén: F. A. Barkley 14361 (1d). 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 151 VERBENA DEMISSA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 222 & 233 (1972), 3: 257 (1976), and 36: 33 & 51. 1977. This plant has been found in flower and fruit in March (in ad- dition to the months previously recorded by me). Material has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as V. carolina var. polystachya (H.B.K.) Schimpff. Additional citations: ECUADOR: Chimborazo: Schimpff 765 (Mu). VERBENA DEMISSA f. ALBA Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 51. 1977. Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 33 & 51. 1977. Citations: ECUADOR: Pichincha: Lépez-Palacios 4200 (Z--type) . xVERBENA DERMENI Moldenke Additional synonymy: Verbena dermani Mold. ex Soukup, Biota Lia. 1976. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 10 (1975) and 31: 384. 1975; Soukup, Biota 11: 18. 1976. Material of this hybrid has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as V. litoralis H.B.K. On the other hand, the Redersen 9867, distributed as this hybrid, seems to be typical V. hispida Rufz & Pav. Additional citations: PERU: Junin: W. Hoffmann 182 (Mu). BOLIV- IA: La Paz: 0. Buchtien 185 (Mu). VERBENA DISSECTA Willd. Additional synonymy: Verbena disecta Willd. ex Soukup, Biota 11: 18. 1976. Glandularia disecta (Willd.) Schnack & Covas ex Soukup, Biota 11: 18, in syn. 1976. Additional & emended bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Can- doll. 3: 494. 1858; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 1, 715 & 716 (1969) and imp. 2, 715 & 716. 197h; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 39. 197); Troncoso, Darwiniana 18: 318 & 09. 1974; Lépez-Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andes 15: as 1975; Soukup, Biota 11: 18. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 2 & Wc 1977. The corollas on Cabrera & al. 17128 are said to have been "li- lac" when fresh. The Dessauer s.n. and Frombling s.n. [Chili 1886], distributed as V. dissecta, actually are V. berterii (Meisn.) Schau., while Araujo 1256 [Herb. FEEMA 1226] is V. tenera Spreng. Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires: Cabrera, Fabris, Torres, & Tur 17128 (Mu). Santiago del Estero: Pierotti "h" [l-IV- Sh} (Ut—330536B), "h" [6--lh] (Ut—-33056)B) . VERBENA DOMINGENSIS Urb. Additional bibliography: Leén & Alain, Fl. Cuba, imp. 2, 2: 281. 1974; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 10, 159, & 169 (1975) and 3: 19— 20 & 25h. 1976. 152 PeHeye G20) LeORGrie A. Vol. 36, nosi2 The corollas on Liogier & Liogier 194,89 are said to have been "dark-purple" when fresh. Material of V. domingensis has been distributed in some her- baria as "Labiata sp." and as "Labiatae sp. Subaphylla". On the other hand, the L the Liogier 1686, distributed as typical V. domin- gensis, actually is the type type collection of f. foliosa Moldenke, while Curtiss 677 and Rugel 212 [856] and perhaps most or all ne other Cuban material cited by m me in previous installments of these notes are V. officinalis L. [or, perhaps more likely, V. halei Small). Additional citations: HISPANIOLA: Dominican Republic: Eggers 1828 (Mu--108), 2175 (Mu—3902); Liogier & Liogier 19189 (N). VERBENA DOMINGENSIS f. FOLIOSA Moldenke, Phytologia 3h: 19--20. 1976. Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3h: 19--20 & 25). 1976. Citations: HISPANIOLA: Dominican Republic: Liogier 16846 (N-- type). VERBENA EHRENBERGIANA Schau. Additional & emended bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Can- doll. 3: 49h. 1858; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 1, 716 (1969) and imp. 2, 716. 1973; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 207 (197h) and 3h: 251 & 252. 1976. Mears reports finding this species growing in association with Fuchsia, Reseda, Stillingia, Cheilanthes, and Cornus. Material of V. ehrenbergiana has been misidentified and distrib- uted in some herbaria as V. officinalis L. On the other hand, the Stalmach 198, previously cited by me as V. ehrenbergiana, seems, on re-examination, to be V. carolina L., thus nullifying the only "record" of V. ehrenbergiana from outside of Mexico. Additional citations: MEXICO: Hidalgo: Mears 299b (Ln--222097); Moore & Wood 3962 (Mi). Nuevo Leén: Pringle 198 (Mu--3893). Ta- maulipas: Richardson 188 (Lad). State undetermined: Karwinski Sen. [Taloman, July 1827] (Mu—-307, Mu--308, Mu--36), sen. [in imperio mexicano! (Mu--))19). VERBENA ELEGANS H.B.K. Additional synonymy: Verbena moranensis H.B.K. apud Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 95, in syn. 1858. Additional bibliography: G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 27 (1830), ed. 2, 27 (1832), and ed. 3, 2h7. 1839; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 9h & hos. 1858; G. W. Thomas, Tex. isa Ecolog. Summ. 78. 1969; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 1, 716 (1969) and imp. 2, 716. 197); El- Gazzar, Egypt. Journ. Bot. 17: 75 & 78. 197; Moldenke, Phytolo- gia 28: 349, 451, & 457. 197k; Kooiman, Act. Bot. Neerl. 2h: 46). 19753 Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 13h (1975) and 31: 378. 1975. Recent collectors have encountered this plant on bare hills and 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 153 in hillside oak forests, on northeast-facing slopes, in calcare-. ous loam in areas of matorral-chaparral-encinar on slopes of alluv- ial fans, growing in association with Agave lecheguilla, Partheni- um incanum, Opuntia leptocaulis, Hesperaloe, and Cercocarpus, at 550 meters altitude, flowering in May. Don (1830) calls this species the "elegant vervain" and dates its introduction into English gardens from Mexico as 1826. liears reports finding it growing with Cornus, Drymaria, Dudleya, Lobelia, Maurandya, Heuchera, Piqueria, and Reseda in Hidalgo. Hendricks reports it growing "from a stout shallow caudex" and "not common" at 8000 feet altitude, and on his no. 39 the corollas are said to have been "lavender, one petal notched and larger". The Sydow s.n. [Sept. 1900], distributed as typical V. elegans, actually represents var. asperata Perry. Additional citations: MEXICO: Coahuila: Johnston, Wendt, & Chi- ang C. 10161b (Ld); Keil, Meyer, Lewis, & Pinkava 6037 (Ld, Te- 68562). Durango: Hendricks 439 (Ws). Hidalgo: Mears 307c (Mu) ; hee 6908 (Ln—70156, Mu--3732), 7591 (Nu~-165); Troll his (iu). Sonora: Reeves & Lehto L.18689 (Te--753l). State undeter- mined: Karwinski s.n. [in imperio mexicano] (Mu—266, Mu—267). VERBENA ELEGANS H.B.K. x V. PERUVIANA (L.) Britton Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 203 & 57. 1974. VERBENA ELEGANS H.B.K. x V. PULCHELLA Sweet oan bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 208 & lS7. 1974. VERBENA ELEGANS H.B.K. x V. STELLARIOIDES Cham, aes bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 208 & 57. 197k. VERBENA ELEGANS var. ASPERATA Perry Additional bibliography: G. W. Thomas, Tex. Pl. Ecolog. Sum. Lie aah Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 13h & 1h0--1)1 (1975) and 31: © 1975.6 Hendricks encountered this plant in wet mountain meadows. Additional citations: MEXICO: Durango: Hendricks 538 (Ws). San Luis Potos{: Sanderson 262 (Ln--238191). Tamaulipas: Urbatsch 2423 (Ld). CULTIVATED: Germany: Herb. Schonau s.n. (Mu). Sweden: Sydow s.n. [Sept. 1900] (Ac). aa XVERBENA ENGELMANNII Moldenke Additional bibliography: Greller, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 102: h16. 1975; R.A. Davidson, State Univ. Iowa Stud. Nat. Hist. 20 (a)? 77. 1959; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 11 & 17h (1975), 32: 377 (1975), 3h: 247 & 248 (1976), ana 36: 29. 1977. The Wheeler collection cited below exhibits some fasciated in- 15h P Heel OO. Gsik Vol. 36, no. 2 florescences. Greller (1975) reports the hybrid from Suffolk County, New York, while Davidson (1959) found it in Louisa and Van Buren Counties, Iowa. Additional citations: ILLINOIS: Cass Co.: Geyer sen. { Beards- town, July 132] (Nu--363--isotype). Winnebago Co.: M. S. Lebb s.n. [Fountaindale] (Mu--250). MICHIGAN: Ingham Co.: C.F. Wheeler s.n. [Aug. 30, 1890] (Ln--1)2h9). VERBENA EPHEDROIDES Cham, Additional bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 49h. 1858; Noldenke, Phytologia 30: 11. 1975. The Lorentz 131, distributed as V. ephedroides, is actually ¥. brasiliensis Vell. VERBENA FASCICULATA Benth. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 230--231 (1972) and 2h: 46. 1972; Soukup, Biota 11: 18 & 19. 19763 Molden— ke, Phytologia 36: 33. 1977. Additional citations: PERU: Ica: Ellenberg 91 (Ac). VERBENA FERREYRAE Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 231. 1972; Soukup, Biota 11: 18. 1976. VERBENA FILICAULIS Schau. Additional bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 49h & 95. 1858; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 11. 1975. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Widgren s.n. [185] (Mu--1566). Paran&: Dusén 15679 (Mu). S&o Paulo: F.C. Hoehne }43 (Mu--l317) . VERBENA FLAVA Gill. & Hook. Additional & emended bibliography: Schau. in A. DC., Prodr. 11: 555--556. 1847; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 49). 1858; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow, Pl., imp. 1, 715 & 717 (1969) and imp. 2, 715 & 717. 1973 Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 11. 1975. Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Mendoza: Ruiz Leal 8503 (Ld, Ut—~-330570B). Neuquen: Ammann 113 (Mu, Mu); Schajovskoy 137 (Mu), 138 (Mu). VERBENA GALAPAGOSENSIS Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 232. 1972; Balgooy, Pacif. Pl. Areas 3: 25. 1975. Lépez—Palacios describes this plant as "hierba de 70 cm. al Me, hojas superiores relativamente estrechas, fl. morado claro" and found it in flower and fruit in February. Van der Werff's collection, cited below, is placed here tenta- tively, awaiting his publication on the Galapagos verbenas. He says of it that "The plant was shrubby, with ascending stems to 2 m. long; leaves small, only at [the] base of stems are there dis- 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 155 tinctly larger leaves". He found it growing "at crater rim ina. dry area in no way comparable to the wet fern-sedge zones that are found on the summits of" Chatham and Indefatigable Islands. Additional citations: GALAPAGOS ISLANDS: Albemarle: Lépez— Palacios 298 (Z); Van der Werff 1580 (Z). VERBENA GENTRYI Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 232 (1972) and 3: 252. 1976. Henrickson has collected what appears to be this species at 7600 feet altitude, where he found it to be frequent in shaded woods in association with Carex, Bidens, Eryngium, composites, pines, oaks, etc., in an area of open pine-juniper woodland-meadow, flowering and fruiting in September. Additional citations: MEXICO: Chihuahua: Henrickson 8035 (Ld). VERBENA GLABRATA H.B.K. Additional bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 49h. 1858; Balgooy, Pacif. Pl. Areas 3: 245. 1975; Lépez—Palacios, Re- vist. Fac, Farm. Univ. Los Andes 15: 92. 1975; foldenke, Phytolo- gia 30: 141. 1975; Soukup, Biota 11: 18. 1976. In addition to the months previously reported by me, this spe- cies has been collected in fruit in March. Recent collectors have encountered it on valley floors and in volcanic sand and tufa on basalt rock at 11,600 feet altitude. Lépez-Palacios & Id- robo describe the plant as "Hierba acumbente, de 1—60 cm. Espi- gas densas. Coronadas de flores lila intenso” or "lila claro" and as "hierba rastrera", the corollas "morado claro" or "morado muy claro", found it growing at 2)50--3200 meters altitude, and record the vernacular name, "verbena blanca". The corollas are said to have been "purple" on Saunders 363. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Cauca: Lépez-Palacios & Idrobo 3724 (Ac, N). Narifio: Lépez-Palacios & Idrobo 3769 (Ld, N). EC- UADOR: Cotopaxi: Collector undetermined VIII VIII (Mu--1106), XIV (Mu— 1107). Imbabura: " Lépez-Palacios 406) (Ld). Pichincha: Herb. Univ. Cent. Quito 231 (Mu), 23h2 ~ (fu) , 234 (Mu); Lépez—Palacios 1206 (Ld), 4227 yer ee PERU: Lima: S. G. B. Saunders 363 (Ld). ht po Sa leet et VERBENA GLABRATA var. TENUISPICATA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 233. 1972; Balgooy, Pacif. Pl. Areas 3: 25. 1975, Van der Werff comments that "This is the Verbena from the wet fern-sedge zone on Cerro Azul. The stems are crawling-ascending and the plants no more than 50 cm. tall." Additional citations: GALAPAGOS ISLANDS: Albemarle: Van der Werff 2286 [1586] (Z). VERBENA GLANDULIFERA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 11. 1975. The corollas are said to have been "violet" in color on Lossen 156 Pro TO OnGee A Vol... 36, ‘nees2 72 when fresh. Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Cérdoba: Lossen 72 (Mu—-,371).. VERBENA GLUTINOSA Kuntze Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 11. 1975. Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Neuquen: Ammann 111 (Mu), pi es (Mu). VERBENA GOODDINGII Briq. Additional synonymy: Verbena ciliata var. alba Palmer ex Mol- denke, Phytologia 3: 278, in syn. 1976. Additional bibliography: G. W. Thomas, Tex. Pl. Ecolog. Summ. 78. 1969; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 1, 715 & 717 (1969) and imp. 2, 715 & 717. 197k; R. D. Gibbs, Chemotax. Flow. Pl. 3: 1753--1755 (197) and h: 2295. 197h3 E. H. Jordan, Checklist Organ Pipe Cact. Natl. Mon. 7. 1975; Moldenke, peupetogts 30: 11-12 & 179 (1975), 31: 415 (1975), and 3h: 278. 976. Recent collectors have encountered this species in the juniper vegetational zone, in sandy soil in the juniper-pinyon-oak associ- ation, in a limestone canyon with scattered juniper and mixed shrubs, in rocky soil, on desert slopes, and by a permanent stream in grazed oak-Sonoran zone. Moran reports it "common on burns". Mrs. Jordan (1975) calls it the "Goodding vervain", while Thomas (1979) calls it the "Goodding verbena". Palmer's V. ciliata var. alba seems to be based on Ed. Palmer 339 from the “Mohave Desert of southern California. ~ Gibbs (197) reports that the Ehrlich test gave positive re- sults (bright blue-green) in the leaves of this species, but that cyanogenesis and leucoanthocyanin are absent from the leaves and syringin is absent from the stems. Additional citations: NEVADA: Clark Co.: Purpus 6061 (lu-- 4285). ARIZONA: Gila Co.: Higgins 8790 (N). Mohave Co.: Atwood 6026 (N); J. A. Churchill s.n. [18 April 1953] (Ln—20h267); M. E. Jones s.n. ~ [Hackberry, May Oh 188] (Ln—-70252); Reeves & Pinkava 1197 Gon W--2737221). Pima Co.: L. M. Andrews 259 (N)5 (N); Lehto, Brown, Nash, & Pinkava 1066 (W=~2736615) ; Warren & & Turner 7 68-87 (Ld). Pinal Cow: Mrs. Re Se Baker s.n. [Oracle, | Spring 1901] (L: (Ln— 120073) ; Meebold 1 15588 88 (iu); Moro: Moroz s.n Sn. [Schallert 22814] (Mu). Santa Cruz Co.: Reeves R.1166. (N). CALIFORNIA: San Bernardino Co.: D. Howe s.n. [2h April 1968] (Sd--70017); Edw. Palmer 339 (Mu— 1563). MEXICO: Baja California: R. V. Moran 17739 (Sd—-75136) « VERBENA GOODDINGII var. NEPETIFOLIA Tidestr. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 350 (197) and B12 bS. 1975. Moran found this plant to be "fairly common" at 300 meters alti- tude in Baja California; also "occasional" and "locally common in disturbed areas", "occasional in arroyo beds", "occasional in dis- 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 157 turbed roadside soil", and on south-facing talus slopes in that state. Other collectors have found it in short-tree forests and growing in association with ‘ashingtonia filifera. The corollas are described as having been "lavender" on R. V. Moran 16405, 20047, 21750, & 22099, "pale~lavender" on R. V. Mo= ran 20638 & 21383, and "pink" on Spellenberg & Spellenberg 3062. The Spellenberg & Spellenberg 3062, cited below, was previous~ ly incorrectly listed by me as V. ambrosifolia Kydb. These two collectors describe the plants as growing in "clumps with many stems", Additional citations: ARIZONA: Cochise Co.: Spellenberg & Spel- lenberg 3062 (N). Pima Co.: Fugate, McLaughlin, & Mciarms 652 (Ld); Warren & Turner 68-33 (Sd-~78500). Yuma Co.: Phillips, Phillips, Goldberg, Fugate, % McManus 67 (Ld). MEXICO: Baja Cal- ifornia: R. V. Woran 1605 (Sd--75)81), 20047 (Sd--92459), 20638 (Sd--38939), 21750 (Sd--91255), 21883 (Sd--91260), 22099 (Sd-- 19477); Moran, Witham, & Hommersand 1651 (Sd—71562). Sonora: meosties 73 (Ld, Id). =. — xVERBENA GOODMANI Moldenke Additional synonymy: Verbena stricta x halei Perkins, Estes, & Thorp, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 102: 19h, in syn. 1975. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 237 & 36. 1972; Perkins, Estes, & Thorp, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 102: 19h, 195, & 197. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 3h: 279. 1976. Perkins and his associates (1975) found one plant of this hy- brid among a mixed population of verbenas including both parents, which, when artificially cross-pollinated with V. halei pollen produced 19 potential seeds or a 26.8 percent seed-set, whereas 12 insect-visited V. halei plants produced 68 seeds (a 68 percent seed-set) and insect-visited V. stricta plants produced a 76.3-- 87.6 percent seed-set. They tell us that xV. goodmani and xV. il- licita Moldenke are the two most common naturally occurring hy- brids in a mixed population of the parental species; 10 plants of the former and 20 of the latter were found in the area tested. VERBENA GRACILESCENS (Cham.) Herter Additional & emended bibliography: Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 1, 717 (1969) and imp. 2, 717. 197; Lépez-Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andes 15: 92. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 12 & 159. 1975. Recent collectors have found this plant in fruit in November. The corollas are said to have been "violet" in color when fresh on Krapovickas & al. 26687 and "white" on Schinini & Cristébal 9865. Lindeman and his associates encountered it in a "beira do rfo imundada periodicamente, solo argilo duro" and describe the corolla color as "azul 10PB6/8". Additional citations: BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul: Lindeman, Ir- 158 P HAST L0G A Vol. 36, no. 2 gang, & Valls ICN.8423 (Ut-~320458). PARAGUAY: Fiebrig 132 (lm). URUGUAY: Herter 1058 [Herb. Herter 82656] (Mu). ARGENTINA: Cérdo- ba: Lorentz tz 113 (Mu--1572) . Corrientes: Cabrera 1178) (lu); Schi- nini & Cristébal 9865 (Ld). Jujuy: Krapovickas, Schinini, & Quar- in in 20681 (Ld). Salta: Schreiter 1166 (Ld). Santiago del Estero: Luillo (Ut--3305628) . VERBENA GRACILIS Desf. Additional bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 49h & 495. 1858; Hinton & Rzedowski, Anal. Esc. Nac. Cienc. Biol. 21: ota Be Weeds foe Moldenke, Phytologia 31: 415. 1975; Moldenke, Phy- tologia 30: 1h2 (1975) and 3h: 270. 1976. Henrickson encountered this plant in clay soil of pasture land, growing with Agave, Buddleia, ‘phedra, Mimosa, Opuntia, Yucca, etc., while Hendricks found it in "weedy yards" and in "sandy bar- ren areas dominated by mesquite and Acacia". The W. Schumann 1070 collection, cited below, is a mixture with V. canescens H.B Teeais while Senaiels 332 is a mixture with a com- posite. The Cabrera 11784 and Herter 1058 [Herb. Herter 82656], distributed as V. gracilis, actually | are V. gracilescens (Cham. Herter, while J. A. Churchill s.n. [7 April 1972] is V. neomexicana (A. Gray) Small. Additional citations: MEXICO: Durango: Hendricks 332, in part (Ws), 450 (Ws). Federal District: Pringle 6539 (Mu--1829). Jalis- co: W. Schumann 1070, in part one San Luis Potosf: Hen- rickson B.6381 (Ld); Schaffner s.n. [1875-79] (Mu--1559). CULTI- VATED: Germany: Herb. Kummer s.n. [Hort. bot. Monac.] (Mu-~12h5); Herb. Zuccarini s.n. [Hort. bot. Monac. 1835] (Mu--296) . VERBENA GRISEA Robinson & Greenn. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 239. 1972; Balgooy, Pacif. Pl. Areas 3: 25.1975. VERBENA GYNOBASIS Wedd. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 20. 1972; Soukup, Biota 11: 18. 1976. The Troll collection, cited below, in the Berlin herbarium bears a label indicating that it was collected in Bolivia, while in the Munich herbarium it is inscribed "Chile". It is not certain which locality is correct, but Bolivia is the more likely. Additional citations: BOLIVIA : Santa Cruz: Troll 3312 (Mu) . VERBENA GYNOBASIS var. STRIGOSA Wedd. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 20. 1972; Soukup, Biota 11: 18. 1976. {to be continued] BOOK REVIEWS Alma L, Moldenke "WINTER FLOWERS IN GREENHOUSE AND SUN-HEATED PIT" Revised Edition by Kathryn S. Taylor & Edith W. Gregg, xix & 281 pp., illus., Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, N. Y. 10017. 1976. $4.95 paperbound. Back in 1941 this book first appeared without "Greenhouse" in the title and consideration. By 1969 this highly successful book's supply needed replenishment. It was revised with green- house consideration added and a few other changes made. Now this is the welcome paperbound edition with all its tested, detailed, interestingly written guidance which is even more pertinent today because of our increased interest in and need for conservation of energy and growing things for food or fun after summer days have waned. The illustrations are convincing and encouraging. Lantana sellowiana is often socalled in the horticultural trade, but its correct name is Lantana montevidensis. "THE COMPLETE BOOK OF TERRARIUM GARDENING" by Jack Kramer, ix & 146 pp., illus., Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, N. Y. 10017. 1976. $5.95 paperbound. From plastic trapezoids, leaded glass pyramids, Belljar covers on metal platters, old bottles, aquarium bowls suspended or in- verted, from size ranges small enough for miniature mosses to large enough for Nerium oleander, from explanations of how and why terraria thrive when the same exposed plants well potted on the windowsill do not, from careful construction and remedial procedures, and from carefully listed and described plants for various types of living collections just about any information needed by the enthusiastic novice or the experienced horticultur- ist can be culled. But this does not justify the word "complete" in the title of this, or, indeed, of almost any other, book! On page 140 two scientific names are misspelled, "NOMINA DESCRIPTIVA DE LAS GRAMINEAS BOLIVIANAS HASTA HOY CONOCI- DAS" by Adolfo M. Jiménez f.s.c., 29) pp., illus., Herbario La Salle, Facultad de Ciencias Agricolas 'Martin Cardenas’, Universidad Mayor de San Simon, Cochabamba, Bolivia. 1976. Paperbound. This worthwhile publication is one of the many efforts in di- verse fields to commemorate the sesquicentennial of the Republic of Bolivia. The author is eminently qualified to prepare this 159 160 PEY LT O-b OG 2 A Vol. 36, no. 2 well keyed clearly descriptive mammal, having spent his profes- sional life in teaching and in field and herbarium studies. Spe- cies in 119 grass genera are presented. The introduction and text can be read quite facilely. The printing is far freer of error than that in many South American journals and scientific publications even though the names of Eric Asplund and Boris Krukoff are misspelled. The paper cover, not the title-page quoted above, records this work as "Flora Boliviana - GRAMINEAS (Gramineae)", and thus offers problems to cataloguers. "THIS HUNGRY WORLD" by Ray Vickers, ix & 270 pp., Charles Scrib- ner's Sons, New York, N. Y. 10017. 1975. $9.95. The author supervises the London Bureau of "The Wall Street Journal" covering Europe, the Middle East and Africa, attended as a well-informed journalist the World Food Conference in Rome in 1974, and observed firsthand the drought-famine conditions in the Sahel , among a hundred other countries visited. These experi- ences and the knowledge that the United States is the greatest food producer in the world and that people are being born, especi- ally in the less developed countries far, far in excess of the food supply, provide the careful analyses of this serious ines- capable situation. Politics, inefficiency and fraud in myriad forms, places and levels have hindered several constructive ef- forts. "America's actions to meet the world's food crisis should be focussed upon: pushing food production offering technical assistance to the Third World, cooperat- ing with agroindustry and the United Nations advancing family planning promoting rational environmental controls increasing nutritional, weather, and other research building food reserves and improving crop information data liberalizing agricultural trade" This is an important book. NCONIFERS FOR YOUR GARDEN" by Adrian Bloom, 147 pp., illus., Charles Scritner's Sons Inc., New York, N. Y. 10017. 1975. $8 095 . After introductory remarks on their nature, horticultural use and care, over 200 beautifully color-illustrated garden prospects from Abies balsamea 'Hudsonia!' to Tsuga heterophylla are described as to possible height and growing conditions. The author is a member of a family of famous English horticul- turists. He has specialized in dwarf conifers such as the first one that was found in the White Mountains of New Hampshire, U.S.A. q4/ |, Bb ~> PHYTOLOGIA Designed to expedite botanical publication Vol. 36 July 1977 No. 3 CONTENTS LOPEZ FIGUEIRAS, M., Contribucion a la flora liquenologica de a EE A a RPE Oe Atm sd billy! WE PSS ee 161 MOLDENKE, H. N., Notes on new and noteworthy plants. Cl. ....... 164 STEERE, W. C., Garysmithia bifurcata a new genus and species of . Leskeaceae (Musci) from Alaska and Colorado........... 165 ERE Ls. SDHGLTIUIM TECUTVUIN . 08 8 ke tah cb bala ea hls eae eg 171 _ ROBINSON, H., & CUATRECASAS, J., Notes on the genus and species limits of Pseudogynoxys (Greenm.) Cabrera ............ 177 _ KING, R. M., & ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae). CLXIII, Additions to the genus Fleischmanniopsis ........ 193 _ ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Heliantheae (Asteraceae). VII. Notes on ; genus and species limits in the genus Viguiera ........... 201 MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the genus Verbena. XXV. .... 216 erties... Feliconia in Nicaraguit os oo vee ce de eee bw ans 251 ; er Prew rs Fu L.. BOOK, FEVIEWS 2.5 3.00. bday nee oe oes 262 Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke ; 303 Parkside Road Plainfield, New Jersey 07060 =» — } S.A: " * Price of this number, $3; per volume, $9.75 in advance ol.sib Epa fre? A e ” close of the volume; 75 cents extra to all foreign addresses; 3 512 pages constitute a volume JUL 29 1 ~ NEW YOrRkK Contribucién a la Flora Liquenolédgica de Venezuela Manuel L6pez Figueiras Departamento de Botdnica, Facultad de Farmacia Universidad de los Andes, Mérida Venezuela Durante los anos 1975-1976 he realizado una serie de excur- siones a los paramos de los Andes Venezolanos para recolectar liquenes como parte de un proyecto que el Departamento de Botanica de la Facultad de Farmacia de la Universidad de los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela, adelanta en relacidén con la flora andina del pais. En ese periodo de tiempo colecté alrededor de 4700 ntmeros de macroliquenes , de los cuales un juego casi completo de duplicados se enviaron a la Smithsonian Institution. Aprovechando el dis- frute de mi afio sabdtico que la Universidad de los Andes me conce- diéd me trasladé a Washington y comencé inmediatamente el estudio de los mismos bajo la direccidn y cooperacidn del Dr. Mason E. Hale. Resultado de estos estudios preliminares es la siguiente lista de géneros y especies que no fueron citados previamente para la Flora de Venezuela en la literatura liquenoldgica hasta la fecha y que por lo tanto son nuevos para nuestra flora. Antracothecium Hampe Microphiale Zahlbr. Blastenia Mass. Normandina Nyl. Buellia De Not. Ocellularia Mey. Cetraria Ach. Parmeliopsis Nyl. Chaenotheca (Th. Fr.) Th. Fr. Phaeophyscia Moberg Collema Web. Phyllopsora Mull. Arg. Corella Wain. Protoblastenia Steiner Erioderma Fée Psora Hoffm. Glossodium Nyl. Solorina Ach. Herpothallon Tobler Tylophoron Nyl. Lopadium Korb. Umbilicaria Hoffm. Buellia modesta (Krmphbr.) Mull. Arg. Cetraria rassadinae Karnefelt, inédita Chiodecton sphaerale Ach. Cladina lopezii Ahti, inédita Cladina substellata Vainio Collema laeve H. f. §& Tayl., fma 161 162 PRY TO LO GI Vol. 36, no. 3 Corella zahlbruckneri Schffn. Glossodium aversum Nyl. Herpothallon sanguineum (Sw.) Tobler Heterodermia dendritica (Pers.) Poelt. Heterodermia galactophylla (Tuck.) W. Culb. Heterodermia japonica (Sato) Swinsc. § Krog, fma Heterodermia lepidota Swinsc. § Krog Heterodermia magellanica (Zahlbr.) Swinsc. § Krog Heterodermia microphylla (Durok.) Swinsc. § Krog Heterodermia obscurata (Nyl.) Trev. Heterodermia podocarpa (Bel.) Awas. Heterodermia speciosa (Wulf.) Trev. Heterodermia vulgaris (Vain.) Follm. § Redon Lopadium leucoxanthum (Spreng.) Zahlbr. Normandina pulchella Nyl. Ocellularia glaucula (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Ocellularia pachystoma (Nyl.) Parmelina versiformis (Kremp.) Hale Parmeliopsis aleurites (Ach.) Nyl., fma Phyllopsora corallina Mill. Arg. Phaeophyscia endococcinea (Koerb.) Moberg Psora rufonigra Schneid. Relicina subabstrusa (Gyelnik) Hale Tylophoron protudens Nyl. Umbilicaria hyperborea (Ach.) Hoffm. Evidentemente esta lista tiene caracter parcial debido a que muchas colecciones o se estdn estudiando o ser4n estudiadas en el porvenir preferentemente por algun especialista. BIBLIOGRAFIA CONSULTADA Hale, Mason E. Jr. 1975. A Revision of the Lichen Genus Hypotrachyna in Tropical America. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, 25:1-73. 1976. Synopsis of the New Lichen Genus Eveniastrum Hale (Parmeliaceae). Mycotaxon, III (3) :345-353. 1976. A Monograph of the Lichen Genus Relicina (Parmeliaceae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, 26:1-32. 1976. A Monograph of the Lichen Genus Pseudoparmelia Lynge (Parmeliaceae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, 31:1-62. 1977 Lopez Figueiras, Flora lichenolégica 163 1976. A Monograph of the Lichen Genus Bulbothrix Hale (Parmeliaceae). Smithsonian Contribution to Botany, 32:1-29. 1976. A Monograph of the Lichen Genus Parmelina Hale (Parmeliaceae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, 33:1-60. 1977. New Species in the Lichen Genus Parmotrema Mass. Mycotaxon, V (2) :423-448. Poelt, J. 1974. Zur Kenntnis der Flechtenfamilie Candelariaceae. Phyton, 16 (1-4):189-210. Ramirez Reyes, C. . 1974. Nota adicional acerca del Catalogo de los Liquenes de Venezuela. Bryologist, 77:248-249. Vareschi, V. f P 1973. Catalogo de los Liquenes de Venezuela. Acta Botanica Venezuelica, 8 (1-4) :177-245. AGRADECIMIENTOS Se agradece al Departamento de Botdnica de la Smithsonian Institution y al Dr. Mason E. Hale las facilidades recibidas para este estudio y al C. D. C. H. de la Universidad de los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela, el soporte econdmico para las exploraciones que precedieron al mismo. NOTES ON NEW AND NOTEWORTHY PLANTS. CI Harold N. Moldenke CITHAREXYLUM FRUTICOSUM f. SUBSERRATUM (Sw,) Moldenke, stat. nov. Citharexylum subserratum Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 91. 1788. CITHAREXYLUM FRUTICOSUM f. SUBVILLOSUM (Moldenke) Moldenke, stat. nov. Citharexylum fruticosum var. subvillosum Moldenke, Feddes Rep- ert. Spec. Nov. 37: 223. 193k. LANTANA HATSCHBACHII Moldenke, sp. nov. Frutex 1 m. altus, ramis ramulisque gracilibus inermibus tetrag- onis fusco=pubescentibus; foliis decussato-oppositis parvis; petio- lis gracillimis 5-8 m. longis irregulariter pilosulis sparse resinosis; laminis foliorum firme chartaceis late ellipticis vel subrotundis 1.5 em. latis longisque, apice rotundatis basin breviter cuneatis margine perspicue regulariterque serratis, supra rugosis nigrescentibus, subtus densiuscule pilosulis resinosis reticulo venularum prominente; inflorescentiis terminalibus capitatis parvis. Shrub, about 1 m. tall, much branchedj branches and branchlets slender, tetragonal, unarmed, rather densely pubescent with brown~ ish-fuscous hairs, the internodes apparently short; leaves decus- sate-opposite, smalls; petioles very slender, 5=-8 mm. long, irregu- larly pilosulous and resinous; leaf-blades firmly chartaceous, broadly elliptic or subrotund, about 1.5 cm. long and wide, apically rounded, basally shortly cuneate, marginally regularly and conspic- uously serrate, rugose and nigrescent above, rather densely pilos- ulous and resinous beneath with fuscous-brown hairs, brunnescent in drying; inflorescence terminal, capitate, small, rather few- flowered; peduncles very slender, 2--3 cm. long, rather densely pilosulous with wide-spreading hairs; heads hemispheric, about 1.5 cm. wide in anthesis; bracts lanceolate, 7--9 mm. long, apically attenuate or acute, about 1 mm. wide at the base, rather densely pilosulous and resinous on the back, the margins more or less ciliolate; corolla rose-colored, hypocrateriform, the tube very slender, mm. long, the limb about 5 m. wide in anthesis. The type of this species was collected by Gert Hatschbach (no. 39651) -—— in whose honor it 4s named — at Morrfo, in the mnici- pality of Morro do Chapeu, Bahia, Brazil, on Jamary 15, 1977, and is deposited in my personal herbarium. VERBENA TENUISECTA f. ALBA (Benary) Moldenke, comb. nov. Verbena erinoides alba Benary ex Wittmack, Gartenfl. 9: 585. 1900. VITEX LEUCOXYLON f. ZEYLANICA (Moldenke) Moldenke, stat. nov. Vitex leucoxylon var. seylanioa Moldenke, Phytologia 21: 119. 164 19 GARYSMITHIA BIFURCATA A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF LESKEACE AE (MUSCI) FROM ALASKA AND COLORADO W.C. Steere! During my identification of the bryophytes collected by Dr. Gary Smith in Arctic Alaska during the summer field season of 1966, I en- countered a sterile pleurocarpous moss that was totally unfamiliar to me. Even the family to which it belonged was not readily apparent. Soon thereafter, I received an unknown moss for identification from Dr. F.J. Hermann, collected in Mt. McKinley National Park in 1967, which proved to be the same thing. Among a group of my own Arctic Alaskan collections that I had segregated out as serious puzzles for future study, I found another specimen of this unknown moss, collect- ed in the same general area as Smith's specimen. More recently, Dr. Hermann sent me a specimen of this same moss from Colorado, which he had collected in 1976, but did not immediately recognize. Realiz- ing that this moss had a wider geographical distribution than had seemed likely at first, I senta sample to Barbara M. Murray, at the University of Alaska, with the request that she send me anything that matched it, and received, almost by return mail, two specimens which she had col- lected in 1976 in the eastern Brooks Range. If this moss has the same pattern of geographical distribution as, for example, Oreas martiana, it should also occur in the Canadian Rockies. However, when I sent a specimen to Dr. Dale Vitt, at the University of Alberta, for compar- ison with his unknowns, he replied that it was a species which he had never before seen. GARYSMITHIA BIFURCATA Steere, gen. et sp. nov. Leskeacearum; Plantae caespitosae, paulum ramosae. Caules subturgidi vel julacei. Folia ovato-deltoidea vel cordata, acuta vel acuminata, imbricata ac appressa, homomallavel subsecunda, praecipue ad apicem caulis sub- stratum versus curvata, distincte decurrentia. Costa e basi valida in- divisa deinde plerumque bifurcata, longitudinem folii 1/2 vel (raro) 2/3 attingens. Folii cellulae omnes verruculosae (subtiliter papillos- ae), medianae brevi- velelongato-rhombicae, marginales abbreviatae, centrales elongatae, et eae utriusque anguli basalis quadratae valde delineatae secus marginem per folii longitudinem 1/4 extensae. Gam- etangia capsulaeque desunt. lNew York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458. 165 Vol. %, noe 3 PHYTOLOGIA 1977 Steere, Garysmithia bifurcata 167 Plants small to medium in size, caespitose, dull yellowish to pale brown, not at allgreen and not shining, branching sparse and irregular, never pinnate. Leafy stems interwoven, 1-2cm long, 0.4-0.6mm in diameter, usually appearing julaceous, especially when dry, because of the imbricate-appressed leaves. Leaves convex, ovate-deltoid to cordate, acute to acuminate, somewhat homomallous to subsecund, turned toward the substratum, more conspicuously so at the stem apex, 1-1.5(-2)mm long, 0.5-0. 7mm wide, distinctly decurrent at basal cor- ners as a narrow wing 1-2 cells wide and 5-7 cells long. Costa vari- able from leaf to leaf on the same plant, reaching 1/2 (rarely 2/3) the length of the leaf, usually stout at base, bifurcating above into twonear- ly parallel to divergent, equal or nearly equal branches, which disap- pear at their apex into the cells of the lamina, occasionally branching from the base of the leaf, only rarely undivided, the stout basal part of the costa occasionally producing from one to many conspicuous yel- lowish-brown rhizoids along its length. Leaf margins plane, entire or minutely serrulate from the outward projection of cell corners, espe- cially in the upper half and at the apex. Leaf apex short- or long- acuminate, infrequently consisting of a filiform series of 1-4 elongated single cells, the leaf tip incurved, recurved or curved to one side, depending on the orientation of the leafon the stem with respect to the substratum. Leaf cells thick-walled, short- to elongated-rhomboidal, (20-)26(-34) microns long, (7-)10(-13) microns wide, shorter at the margins, more elongated toward, and at the center, the basal angles of the leaf filled with a large, conspicuous, and well demarcated area of crowded, rectangular cells that runs up the basal leaf margin to approximately 1/4 of the leaf length, at least some of the basal cells transversely elongated, 10-16 microns wide and 7-11 microns high, gradually becoming isodiametric, usually quadrate, eventually merg- ing with the short-rhombic to rectangular cells above. Cells over the basal part of the costa onboth sides of leaf much longer, narrower, and thicker-walled than the cells of the lamina; cells over the branches of the costa identical to the cells of the lamina in size and shape but usu- ally more strongly colored; all leaf cells finely papillose, most con- FIG, 1-10. Garysmithia bifurcata. Fig. 1-2, habit drawings of stems, showing homomallous leaves, X9. Fig. 1 in moist condition, Fig. 2 in dry condition. Fig. 3, detail of cross-section of stem, showing smaller, thicker outercells, X390. Fig. 4, pseudoparaphyllia of stem, X99. Fig. 5-9, leaves, showing variation of costa, size and shape, X39. Fig. 6 shows rhizoids on basal stouter part of costa. Fig. 10, decurrent basal corner of leaf, X99. Vol. 6, NOs 3 ‘ me hee SE ee FF s9) po) os we poy Bo * ge eee 1) SC SUC ee Te Ponies ieee SIC abs LSS AS Si EES es SAA AN st pwye (ely) Ae a § ONS osensense 1977 Steere, Garysmithia bifurcata 169 spicuously so near the costa, with numerous papillae per cell. Sexual organs and sporophyte not found on any of the specimens. On non-calcareous rock faces or in rock crevices. TYPE: ALASKA: Ogotoruk Creek, Cape Thompson, Brooks Range, rock ledge, with Orthotrichum pylaisii Brid. (2 July 1966, G.L. Smith A304) NY (HOLOTYPE), ALA, ALTA, HIRO, MICH, NICH. OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED: ALASKA: Ogotoruk Creek, near Cape Thompson, W end of Brooks Range (Point Hope Quadrangle), 68° O6'N, 165°45 'W, on thin soil over rock on mountainside (21 July 1965, W.C, Steere 650721-12) NY; Yukon River-Prudhoe Bay Haul Road just E of Galbraith Lake (Philip Smith Mountains Quadrangle), 680° 30'N, 149925'W, on conglomerate outcrop, 1220m alt. (20 July 1976, Barbara M. Murray 76-290B; 76-306) ALA, NY; Mt. McKinley Na- tional Park, just W of Polychrome Pass, on face of granite outcrop (Marmot Rock), 3800ft alt. (31 July 1967, F. J. Hermann 21533) NY. COLORADO: Hinsdale County, Cebolla Creek, vertical face of granite bluff, Cebolla Campground, 15mi E of Lake City, 9300ft alt. (20 July 1976, F.J. Hermann 27230) NY. In the absence of sporophytes, it is difficult to assign this plant to any known genus, or for that matter, to any particular family of mosses. I have placed it in the Leskeaceae largely because of its minutely papillose cells. It has been assigned there more as a matter of convenience than through conviction, since the julaceous stems and FIG. 10A-23. Garysmithia bifurcata. Fig. 10A, entire individual leaf, X39. Fig. 11, leaf apex, X99. Fig. 12, apex of leaf, showing cellular detail, X390. Fig. 13, young rhizoids arising from dorsal side of costa, X99. Fig. 14, cellular detail of upper central part of leaf, X390. Fig. 15, cellular detail of upper part of leaf margin, X390. Fig. 16, cellular detail of upper part of specialized alar group, X375. Fig. 17, cellular detail of leaf base near costa, X375. Fig. 18, cel- lular detail of lower part of specialized alar group, X197. Fig. 19, enlarged drawing of same tissue as Fig. 18, X390. Fig. 20, cross- section of leaf at upper margin, X390. Fig. 21, cross-section of leaf at upper center, through one branch of costa, X390. Fig. 22, cross- section of leaf near base, through lower and stouter part of single costa, X390. Fig. 23, epidermal cells of branch, X390. Original pencil drawings for all illustrations were made by Dr. Zennoske Iwatsuki with a camera lucida, and the inking, stippling, and composing of the plates was done by Miss N. Ando, both of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory, Nichinan, Japan. 170 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 36, no. 3 the cellular areolation, especially the dense alar groups of quadrate cells, suggest the Leucodontaceae. A specimen of Garysmithia was sent to Dr. H. Ando, of Hiroshima University, who has monographed the genus Homomallium, since the homomallous leaves suggest the possibility of relationship with that genus. His response is so interesting that I take the liberty of quoting from it (pers. comm., 13 April 1977): 'In microscopical observation, your specimen is quite different and is certainly a new moss which I have never seen. I do not think it isa Homomallium. As to the family position I cannot give a decisive conclusion. It is connected with the Leucodontaceae through Pterogonium; on the other hand, with the Lesk- eaceae through Pseudoleskeella tectorum. At any rate I don't think that it belongs in the Hypnaceae.' All of the Alaskan specimens were collected without being recog- nized in the field as something of special interest, so that it would be difficult indeed to find the exact localities again. However, Dr. Her- mann believes that he can relocate the Colorado station, and it is pos- sible that sporophytes will eventually be found in populations that are kept under observation over a period of several years. SPHAGNUM RECURVUM! G.L. Smith2 During abriefvisit to Paris (PC) inthe spring of 1974, I examined the Polytrichaceae and Sphagna contained in a bundle of specimens labelled "Muscinées de l'Amérique du Nord de l'herbier de L.C. Richard. Types du Flora boreali-americana."' This portfolio of specimens has since been studied critically by Dr. Geneva Sayre, and authenticated as Richard's NorthAmerican bryophyte herbarium, ar- ranged by F.A. Camus (1852-1922), its last private owner (cf Sayre, 1976, fordetails). Richard's original labels areintact. The herbar- ium contains several specimens of North American mosses from Palisot de Beauvois, including one which is evidently an isotype of Sphagnum recurvum Beauv., published in his Prodrome (1805). An annotation on the specimen by Camus says that the specimen was given by Palisot to Richard shortly after the publication of the Flora boreali- americana of Michaux in 1803. The label on the specimen reads "'S. acutifolium Hedw. / Carolina m.-" The type of S. recurvum was col- lected in South Carolina (Carolina meridionalis) by Louis A.G. Bosc, as stated in the protologue. Bosc was Frenchvice-consul inCarolina from 1798 to 1800 (Burdet, 1972). Unfortunately, the label does not bear the name Sphagnum recurvum or the name of the collector. A branch, several stem leaves, and a fragment of the stem cortex were removed from the specimen for careful study at a later date. Perma- nent slides prepared from this material have since been returned to PC, The name Sphagnum recurvum has been in common use for over a century, but it has been used in different senses, and it would be particularly useful to have a specimen that could serve as the type. After due consideration of the nomenclatural consequences, which are discussed below, I have designated this specimen as the lectotype of Sphagnum recurvum. As treated by Andrews (1913), S. recurvum includes four closely related taxa whichare recognized by most other supported in part by National Science FoundationGrant GB37662. 2New York Botanical Garden, = New York 10458. 1 1977 Smith, Sphagnum recurvum 173 sphagnologists as distinct species: Sphagnum fallax (H.Klinggr.) H. Klinggr. [=S. mucronatum (Russow) Zickendr., S. apiculatum H. Lindb. ]; Sphagnum angustifolium (Russow) C. Jensen [=S. parvifolium (Sendtn.) Warnst.]; Sphagnum flexuosum Dozy & Molk. [=S. ambly- phyllum (Russow) Zickendr. }, and Sphag Sphagnum pulchricoma C. Mill. The nomenclature is that of Isoviita (1966). Andrews recognized S. angustifolium at the varietal level as S. recurvum var. tenue. All except S. pulchricoma are widely distributed boreal taxa. Those who have treated all four as species have usually associated the name S. recurvum with the "apiculatum" form (S. fallax; e.g. Warnstorf, 1911). Crum (1973, p. 32) treats the first three as S. recurvum var. recurvum, var. tenue, and var. amblyphyllum, respectively, but in- cludes S. pulchricoma in his concept of the var. amblyphyllum (pers. comm.). In his nomenclatural revision of the European Sphagna, Isoviita (1966, p. 242) suggests that the name Sphagnum recurvum probably applies to the exclusively American S. pulchricoma, and not to any European species. Andrus (1974) agrees that S. pulchricoma is the only recurvum-segregate likely to be collected in South Carolina. According to Andrus, S. pulchricoma is a species of the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plain, extending from New Jersey south to Florida and Louisiana, although recorded from as far north as Nova Scotia. The type of S. pulchricoma came from Brazil (Miller, 1848). As the accompanying illustrations show (Figs. 1-8), the lectotype of Sphagnum recurvum belongs to the taxon currently known as S. pulchricoma C, Miull., whichis characterized by 1) chlorophyll cells of the branch leaves well-included onthe concave surface, 2) a fairly well-differentiated, 2-3-layered stem cortex, and 3) rather narrow, distinctly 5-ranked branch leaves. An example was distributed by Andrus and Vitt as Sphagnotheca Boreali-americana 21. At least some of the South American specimens of Sphagnum pulchricoma at NY seem to be indistinguishable from the type of S. recurvum, including an authentic specimen from Brazil. This col- lection, from Itajahi (Pabst, s.n.), is cited as S. pulchricoma by Sphagnum recurvum Beauv. 1, Portion of strong branch, with distinctly 5-ranked leaves; 2, Branch leaves; 3, Stem leaves; 4, Outer (convex) surface of branch leaf; 5, Inner (concave) surface of branch leaf, with chlorophyll-cells entirely included; 6, Cross-section of branch leaf; 7, Mediancells of stem leaf; 8, Stem cortex, surface view. (Figs. 1-8 from the lectotype, PC). Fig. 1: A=lmm, Figs. 2,3: B=lmm, Figs. 4-7: C=0.05mm, Fig. 8: C=0.1mm. 17h PHT O Lora TA Vol. 3%, no. 3 Muller in the supplement to his Synopsis Muscorum (1851). The type specimen of S. pulchricoma has not been examined. The stem leaves of Sphagnum recurvum sens. strict. are similar to those of S. flexuosum. Andrus (1974) considers S. pulchricoma to be agood species, distinguished from S. flexuosum by its geographical distribution and by the characters listed above. Judging from my own experience with this handsome plant in the Pine Barrens of New Jersey and eastern Long Island, New York, I am convinced that our southern Atlantic and Gulf coastal plain S. recurvum (S, pulchricoma) is a distinct taxon, whatever rank one wishes to give it. The typification of the name Sphagnum recurvum leaves the former "var. recurvum"'(S. fallax) without aname atthe varietallevel. The basionym, S. cuspidatum var. fallax H.Klinggr., of 1872, cannot be used because of the existence of an S. recurvum var. fallax Warnst., of 1884, a synonymof S. obtusum (Warnstorf, 1911); von Klinggraef's var. fallax was not transferred to S. recurvum until 1939. Isoviita (1966) indicates that he has seen "'authentic material" of S. cuspidatum var. brevifolium Lindb. ex Braithw., of 1878, and that it is S. fallax. The date of Braithwaite's Sphagnaceae is generally given as 1880, but Dr. W.C. Steere owns a copy of an earlier printing of this work, whichis dated 1878 onthetitle page. A glance at the Index Muscorum shows that there are many varietal epithets to choose from which might be S. fallax, but that var. brevifolium, which dates from 1878, is older by several years than any of these. I have not seen any of the specimens cited in the protologue; Braithwaite's Sphagnaceae Brittanicae Exsiccatae 53 is missing from the set at NY, whichis otherwise complete. Warnstorf (1911, p. 215), having seenthe "orig- inal" of this variety, makes it a form of S. balticum, but Isoviita was presumably dealing with material from Lindberg's own herbarium, and this should be a more reliable indication of the correct use of the name. The stem leaf of var. brevifolium illustrated by Braithwaite (1878, Pl. 27, figs. 5,5a), does not look like S. balticum. Sphagnum recurvum var. amblyphyllum (Russow) Warnst., which is used by Crum (1973) forS. flexuosum, dates from1890 as avarietal epithet. Isoviita lists no varieties as possible synonyms for this species. Ofall the possible varietal epithets listed in the Index Musc- orum, the oldest which can be applied to S. flexuosum, to the best of my knowledge, is S. recurvum var. majus (Angstr. ex Warnst.) Warnst. of 1883, originally publishedby Warnstorf in1881asS. var - iabile var. intermedium f. majus Angstr. "non Russow."' I have examined Gravet's Sphagnotheca Belgica, 26 and 27 (FH!), which are the only specimens mentioned in the protologue of f. majus, and they are both S. flexuosum. 1977 Smith, Sphagnum recurvum 175 The following are what seem tobe the correct names for the seg- regates of Sphagnum recurvum sens. lat. as species, as subspecies, and as varieties. The situation at the varietal level is unsettled, and only those names discussed above are included in the synonymy. A detailed consideration of this knotty problem is beyond the scope of this paper. At least, the name of S. angustifolium at the varietal level seems to be reasonably secure: the var. tenue H.Klinggr. has no rivals, as far as I know. The nomenclature at the subspecific level presents no such difficulties and has the added appeal of famil- iarity, since the epithets mucronatum, angustifolium and amblyphyl- lum have been, until recently, in general use for these taxa. Sphagnum recurvum Beauv., Prodr. Aethéog. 88. 1805. LECTOTYPE. "S. acutifolium Hedw. / Carolina m.-'' Herb. Richard (PC!). Sphagnum pentastichon Brid., Musc. Recent. Suppl. 1: 16. 1806. Sphagnum pulchricoma C. Miill., Syn. 1: 102. 1848. Sphagnum fallax (H. Klinggr.) H.Klinggr., Topogr. Fl. Westpr. 128. 1880. Sphagnum recurvum subsp. mucronatum Russow, Sitz.-ber. Nat.-Ges. Dorpat 9: 109. 1889. Sphagnum cuspidatum var. brevifolium Lindb. ex Braithw., Sphag. 84. 1878. Sphagnum recurvum var. brevifolium (Lindb. ex Braithw. ) Warnst., Flora 67: 608. 1884. Sphagnum angustifolium (C. Jensen ex Russow) C. Jensen, Bih. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl. III. 16: 48. 1891. Sphagnum recurvum subsp. angustifolium C. Jensen ex Russow Sitz.-ber. Nat.-Ges. Dorpat 9: 112. 1889. Sphagnum recurvum var. tenue H.Klinggr., Schr. Phys. -6k. Ges. Konigsb. 13: 5. 1872. Sphagnum flexuosum Dozy & Molk., Prodr. Fl. Batav. 2(1): 76. 1851. Sphagnum recurvum subsp. amblyphyllum Russow, Sitz.-ber. Nat.-Ges. Dorpat 9: 112. 1889. Sphagnum variabile var. intermedium f. majus Angstr. ex Warnst., Eur. Torfm. 65. 1881. Sphagnum variabile var. majus (Angstr. ex Warnst.) Warnst., Flora 65: 550. 1882. hagnum recurvumvar. majus (Angstr. ex Warnst. )Warnst., Flora 66: 374. 1883. 176 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 36, no. 3 The apex of the stem leaves of Sphagnum recurvum sens. strict. varies from narrow and almost entire to broad and lacerate, as a result of the progressive resorption of the walls of the hyaline cells. This variation can often be observed along the length ofa single stem. The loss of the inner and outer cell walls allows the chlorophyll-cell mesh to spread, resulting in a broadly lacerate leaf apex. LITERATURE CITED Andrews, A.L. 1913. Sphagnaceae. N.Am.Fl. 15: 1-31. Andrus, R.E. 1974. The Sphagna of New York State. 1-421. Ph.D. thesis, State Univ. N.Y. Syracuse. Univ. Microfilms 74-24023. Burdet, H.M. 1972. Cartulae ad botanicorum graphicem. Candollea 27: 307-340. Crum, H.A. 1973. Mosses of the Great Lakes forest. Contr. Univ. Mich. Herb. 10: 1-404. Isoviita, P. 1966. StudiesonSphagnumL. I.Nomenclatural revision of the European taxa. Ann. Bot. Fem. 3: 199-264. Miiller, C. 1848, 1851. Synopsis muscorum frondosorum omnium hucusque cognitorum. 1: 1-812, 2: 1-772. Palisot de Beauvois, A.M.F.J. 1805. Prodrome des cinquiéme et sixiéme familles de l'Aethéogamie. 1-114. Paris. Sayre, G. 1976. Thetype herbarium ofthe Flora Boreali-americana. Revue Bryol. Lichénol. 42: 677-681. Warnstorf, C. 1911. Sphagnales-Sphagnaceae (Sphagnologia univers- alis). In Engler, Pflanzenreich 51: 1-546. NOTES ON THE GENUS AND SPECIES LIMITS OF PSEUDOGYNOXYS (GREENM. ) CABRERA (SENECIONEAE, ASTERACEAE). Harold Robinson and Jose Cuatrecasas Department of Botany Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. 20560. The neotropical genus Pseudogynoxys was raised to generic rank by Cabrera (1950) and has been generally accepted by students of the Senecioneae since that time (Cuatrecasas, 1955; Afzelius, 1966; and Norden- stam, 1977). The genus has been sharply defined on the basis of the scandent habit, the alternate leaves, the membranaceous to subchartaceous leaf blades, the radiate heads, and the styles of the disk flowers with pointed hirsute appendages. The flowers are notably orange-colored becoming reddish with age, and some specimens have been noted as fragrant. At least two species have been cultivated and the distribution of P. chenopodioides might be partially the result of human intervention. Unfortunately, taxonomic treat- ments of the genus have consisted largely of transfers and synonymizations of names and descriptions of new entities without any complete survey of the diversity and limitations of all the known species. Perhaps partially for this reason a recent treatment for the Flora of Guatemala (Williams, 1976) has reduced the genus to synonymy under Senecio and has placed all the Central American species in synonymy under Senecio chenopodioides HBK. The present effort attempts to correct the primary inaccuracies and deficiencies of past studies. The placement of Pseudogynoxys in Senecio cannot be considered truly traditional nor natural. From the time of Cassini (1827) to the time of Greenman (1902) the species were generally described under the neotropical genus Gynoxys because of the pointed tips of the styles. The placement was unsatisfactory since Gynoxys is a genus of shrubby plants with usually Opposite coriaceous leaves. It was Greenman (1902) who transferred the group to Senecio and established the subgenus Pseudogynoxys. Greenman's effort did not include South American material and it included a number of confusing species names that were never validated. 177 178 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 36, no. 3 Pseudogynoxys is without close relatives among the American genera of the Senecioneae and there is no obvious integration of characters. Actual relation- ship seems to be to the genus Gynura Cassini of the Eastern Hemisphere. A few species of Gynura possess habits similar to Pseudogynoxys and the style branches are pointed. The Old World genus is distinguished by the lack of rays in the head and by the exact shape of the style appendages which are much longer with only short hairs. In reviewing the species of Pseudogynoxys taxonom- ically valid distinctions have been seen in the straightness of the stem, the pubescence, the leaf shape and venation, the position of the inflorescence, the stoutness of the pedicels, the structure of the calyculus, and the tips of the involucral bracts. Some differences in floral structure also occur, but the only ones noted in this study are the nearly glabrous ray styles and the distinctive pappus of P. cabrerae, and the anther collars of P. scabra. A number of names have been reviewed for placement in the genus including approximately 21 that have been transferred into the genus as valid species. Only 13 Species are recognized here. An additional three names described in the genus Gynoxys by Turczaninow (1851) share some described features of Ps eudogynoxys - The three species were based on Jameson collections from Ecuador and isotypes have been located in the U. S. National Herbarium. The three prove to be members of the genus Senecio section Aetheolaena (Cass. ) Hoffm. and are disposed as follows: Gynoxys prenanthifolia Tureze, bu ee SOC. NateaMosce ah (pt. 1): 207.) Lea Type: In Andibus Quitensibus Jameson 636; and G. auriculata Turez. ibid. (pt: 2): 36, 1851. Type: In alpe Pichincha alt. 14000 ped. Jameson s.n. both prove to be Senecio patens (HBK.) DC; G. heterophylla Turez #3. bid. Cpe) 2h Sdat LBS: Type: In Andibus Quitensibus. Jameson 894-896 proves to be Senecio indilicensis Hieron. In the latter case the Turczan- 1now name is older but the combination Senecio hetero- hyllus is preoccuppied. The identity of G renanthi- Folia has already been noted by Weddell (fsb ores7- p.92). The styles of the disk flowers of section Aetheolaena do not actually have pointed tips but have an apical tuft of hairs. Sa (Greenm. ) Cabrera, Brittonia 7: 54. if - Senecio subg. Pseudogynoxys Greenm., Bot. Jahrb. Be: 234y 1 : 1977 Robinson & Cuatrecasas, Gems Psevdogynoxys 179 Plants suffrutescent, scandent. Stems coarsely striated, green or pale brownish. Leaves alternate; petioles slender, sometimes with stipuliform bases; lamina membranaceous to subchartaceous, ovate to oblong ovate, base broadly acute to cordate, margins minutely serrulate to coarsely dentate, apex acute to short- acuminate. Inflorescence terminal or axillary with one to many heads. Head campanulate to hemispherical; calyculus of ca. 10-30 distinct bracts; involucre uni- seriate, with short-acute to Long-attenuate tips, extreme tips densely pubescent; receptacle glabrous. Corollas glabrous, deep orange, becoming reddish or purplish with age, rays ca. 6-15; styles with 2 stigmatic lines, style tips acute, usually sparsely pubescent; disk corollas with long basal tube, throat narrowly funnelform, Lobes narrowly oblong-lanceolate, median resin duct evident; anther collars with larger or thinner-walled cells below; anther thecae tapering or slightly cordate at base, thecial cells elongate with single minute nodular thickenings at upper and lower ends, few to many rows nearest connective also with minute thickenings along vertical walls; anther appendage lanceolate with narrow tip; style appendages short- to lLong-acute with numerous hairs often more prominent around base and at tip. Achenes cylindrical with ca. 10 ribs, hirtellous, surface slightly to strongly papillose with projecting small cells; carpo- podium short, incurved at lower margin, not sharply demarcated above, with many rows of small cells; pappus of 3-5 series of capillary bristles; bristles sometimes flattened, scabrous, distally 20-25, wide. Pollen mostly 30-35, in diameter. Type species: Gynoxys cordifolia Cass. The species of Pseudogynoxys can be distinguished by the following key. further clarification can be obtained in the appended local keys for species of Guatemala and Ecuador. Key to the species of Pseudogynoxys 1. With stipuliform expansions at bases of the DeUrOees «a iad va Se eRe SOR Ree eo Je 2. Leaves subrhombic-lanceolate and sharply dentate Chor) sr. » .« « (apt) etatean Wagklibeeal youlata 2. Leaves rounded or slightly cordate at the base, margins denticulate (Colombia) . . P. bogotensis 180 Py yt OO OTA Vol. 36, no. 3 Ll. Without stipuliform expansions at bases of the PEELOMES) Phy NPM. a. Cpe, Re ey Se Ve ee ee 3. Heads with ten or less involucral bracts (Guat., Mee IT cae BEARS, BLO SC) SS | eee 3. Heads with more than ten involucral bracts .. 4 4, Leaves essentially glabrous below on veins and on undersurface, stems and involucres nearly to completely glabrous (Mexico to Colombia, West Didives 0 6 ve Soe BO eae.) Pe chenopeduaades 4, Leaves sparsely minutely appressed puberulous to tomentose on Lower surface, stems or involucres elabrous’ “to hirtel Vous 45) s:pi) 1S 7 eee 5. Heads mostly single or in groups of 2-3 on stout “pedicels 5-20 .cm Wong 2 2) > des Se 6. Bracts of calyculus mostly 1.5-2.0 mm wide (Ecuador). 0447 "al We EN SS 4a ipo care 63°’ Bracts of calilyculus Less ‘than’ mm ‘wide, 2 7aew# 7. Leaves trinervate from at or near base of lamina, usually cordate (Argentina, Brasil, PAGASUAY IW oe) oe aN ere) Baron to Weta” ..0 kre Melee 7. Leaves subpinnately veined, bases usually broadly acute to truncate (Mexico to Venezuela)... 9.) «2 '.) 2. Per eummeae 5. Heads clustered, pedicels mostly less than 5 cm Hone. “Senger: = a eel) ee ee, eS 8. Undersurface of leaf thinly tomentose . .. 9 9. Inflorescence terminal on leafy stems; leaf base mostly broadly acute to rounded, margins sharply serrate (Ecuador, Peru) P. sonchoides 9. Inflorescences on short axillary branches; leaf base cordate, margins broadly and shallowly dentate (Peru) ..... P. ‘cordtolva 8. Undersurface of leaf puberulous to scabrellous 10 1977 ie Lk. Ze ke Robinson & Cuatrecasas, Gemus Pseudogynoxys 181 10. Calyculus densely pubescent (Mexico, Cent. POET De ie, «a ooh b> oh Gree uh ee RECHESL 10. Calyculus sparsely puberulous, hairs mostly On. marding of braces: (SS AUer SD ns is aptexaes io LL 11. Stems slender and obviously deflected at nodes; leaves ovate; involucral bracts acute CECUREOE). 4) 5: sice. op aie’ seanet od, ary ge DE Ler. 11. Stems mostly stout and straight; leaves often oblong-ovate; involucral bracts BEECCRUR TO og. 6) wa nv tee it on: Memes eee a! Ee 12. Leaves with erect hairs on surfaces Reeuator: Peru). 2; Of carneg a; Gal Gaia Gay Jee, BCADTA 12. Leaves with only minute appressed hairs GEOR oi eh) shin “eh aeeeee ae ee emcee ee Ee ETaE ede Key to species in Mexico and Central America Heads with ten or less involucral bracts P. fragans Heads with more than ten involucral bracts ... 2 Plants mostly glabrous; involucral bracts glabrous, calyculus sparsely pubescent; leaves usually with remote sharp,.teeth . .s!. « » ©. chenopodioides Plants distinctly pubescent on stems, leaves or involucre, calyculus densely pubescent; leaves usually with crowded or blunt serrations... 3 Heads single or in groups of 2-4 on stout pedicels mostly over 5 cm long; involucral bracts attenuate and often reddish at tip P. cummingii Heads numerous in clusters, pedicels mostly less than 3 cm long, slender; involucral bracts acute or only slightly attenuate; < o.° o.\.. iP. bhaenkes Key to Ecuadorian species Heads single or in groups of 2-4, often 2 cm wide; pedicels usually over 5 cm long, stout; bracts of 182 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 3, no. 3 ealyeulus -l5=2 50 mie wade: es 2 hao We sedis 1. Heads in clusters, usually 1 cm or less broad; pedicels usually less than 5 cm long, slender; bracts of calyculus less than 1 mm wide .... 2 2. Inflorescences terminal on leafy stems or branches; leaves with 3-4 pairs of prominent secondary veins congested near base ..... . . . P. sonchoides 2. Inflorescences mostly on short axillary branches; leaves with only 1 or 2 pairs of prominent second- ary veins near-base cs qi ai.) GR eesnes es 3. Stems slender and obviously deflected at nodes; leaves ovate, usually gradually narrowed to a sharply acute tip; involucral bracts acute P?- eng Learn 3. Stems stout and straight; leaves oblong-ovate, becoming short-acuminate; involucral bracts atbenuatelts 278 Pree. OS PUGS oe. Oe ieee The recognized species of Pseudogynoxys and their Synonyms are as follows. BSEnSe Evie cece (Spreng. ) Cuatr., Brittonia Senecio macrophyllus HBK., Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 140. 1818, ed folio. Not. S. macrophyllus Bieb. Senecio bogotensis Spreng., Syst. 3: 556. 1826. Senecio moritzianus Klatt, Leopoldina 24: 127. 1888. The synonymy follows that of Cuatrecasas CiGSS Je The species is represented in the U.S. National Herb- arium by seven specimens. COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: Fusagasug4. André s.n. 4 kms NW of Sasaima along highway to Villeta, “banks of Rio Dulce. Barcla Juajibioy & Gama 3677; Entre Sasaima y Villeta. Dugand & sdeeeey S955 - vba” Vega. Pérez Arbeldez & Cuatrecasas 5341; Santander: Rio Surata valley, between EL Jabon- Cillo and Suratd. Killip & Smith 16429; Between EL Roble and Tona. Killip & Smith L[9419; Tolima: Tbague to Rio Coello, New Quindo trail. Hazen 9644. Pseudogynoxys cabrerae H.Robinson & J.Cuatrecasas, sp. nov. Plantae suffrutescentes scandentes.laxe ramosae. Caules angulato-striati sparse vel dense puberuli. Folia alternata, petiolis 1-3 cm longis base non 1977 Robinson & Cuatrecasas, Genus Pseudogynoxys 183 auriculatis; laminae herbaceae vel membranaceae ovatae vel Late ovatae ca. 6.0-11.5 cm longae et ca. 3.0-7.5 cm latae base plerumque cordatae vel subcordatae fere ad basem trinervatae margine argute serratae vel grosse dentatae apice breviter acuminatae supra sparse puber- ulae subtus densius puberulae, nervis secundariis principalibus plerumque remotis et parallelis, basilar- ibus plerumque mox ramosis. Inflorescentiae in ramis foliatis terminales 1-4 capitatae, pedicellis plerumque 5-15 cm longis raro brevioribus crassis distincte minute puberulis. Capitula 15-20 mm alta et 25-30 mm lata; bracteae calyculi 20-30 lineares ca. 7-10 mm longae et 1 mm latae plerumque dense puberulae; bracteae involucri 25-30 uniseriatae lineari-lanceolat- ae 10-13 mm longae 1.0-1.5 mm latae base gibbosae non angulatae apice longe attenuatae saepe rubro-tinctae extus plerumque puberulae; receptacula plana, inter- stitiis non vel breviter lobuliferis. Flores radii 12-14; corollae aurantiacae deinde rubrae; tubis ca. 7 mm longis glabris, limbis oblongis vel vix obovatis ca. 15 mm longis et ca. 6.5 mm latis glabris; append- ices stylorum glabrae vel subglabrae. Flores disci ca. 100; corollae aurantiacae deinde rubrae 11-14 mm longae anguste infundibulares glabrae, tubis 7-11 mm longis, faucis 1.5-1.8 mm longis, lobis lineari- lanceolatis 2.0-2.5 mm longis sub medio equilatis ca. 0.4 mm latis. Achaenia ca. 3 mm longa et ca. 0.8 mm lata plerumque 10-costata ubique minute puberula base truncata; setae pappi 80-110 longiores ca. 12 mm longae 4-5-seriatae complanatae vel percomplanatae base subintegrae superne pertenues et scabrellae. TYPE: ARGENTINA: Corrientes: Dep. Empedrado, Estancia "Las Tres Marias", Dry woodland on the bank of the Rio Parana, soil hard clay, shrub or subshrub, growing to a height of one to a couple of metres, supported by other shrubs. 6/11 1952. Pedersen 1888 (Holotype, US). PARATYPES: ARGENTINA: Chaco: Jérgensen 2019 (US); Corrientes: Dep. Mburucuya, Estancia "Santa Maria", 30/8 1962. Pedersen 6506 (US); Jujuy: Dep. Ledesma, Yuto, Vinalito. 7-VI1I-1937. Cabrera 4049 (US); Quinda pr. Laguna de La Brea. 1/6 . Fries 37 (US); Salta: Dep. Oran, Rio Pescado. 16/1X/1938. Cabrera 4584 (US); Dep. Oran, Yaguani. 3-XII-1941. Maldonado 759 (US); Dep. Oran, Embarcacién, Dic. 20, 1926. Venturi 5108 (US); BRASIL: S&%o Paulo: Campinas. 20 Nov. 1938. Carvalho & Mendes 2942 (US); Campinas. Campos Novaes 139 (US); Mogi-Guassi, Fazenda Campininha. Tt . KuhImann 3516 (US); Along river at Usina, 9 km west of Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo. 10-12- 1936. Archer 4195 (US); PARAGUAY: 10 km north of 18h Reno OF" Grr Vol. 36, no. 3 Porto Gibaja, banks of Arr. M-boi-ci, banks of Rio Parana. Aug. 21, 1952. Beetle 2166 (US); Villarrica. Jorgensen 7501 (US); Central Paraguay, In regione lacus Ypacaray. July 1913. Hassler 11845 (US); Pilcomayo River. 1888-1890. Morong 848 (US); Morong 842 (US); N. Paraguay. IX 1892. Kuntze (US). Both Baker (1884) and Cabrera (1950) evidently recognized the species as distinct from the Central American P. cummingii, but all the names used are based directly on the Central American type or are derived nomenclaturally from it. Grisebach (1879) first treated material of P. cabrerae as Senecio benthami Griseb., but the Iatter was a nom. nov. based on Gynoxys cummingii Benth. and represented a broad concept including both species. Baker (1884) attempted to use the Grisebach name in a more restricted sense which, however, excluded the typical element. Cabrera (1950) unfortunately chose to refer to his Pseudogynoxys benthami as a nom. nov. rather than as a new species and therefore it also is tied nomenclaturally to the name used by Baker rather than to the description. The new species resembles P. cummingii and in spite of some divergence of forms the shape of the leaves on superficial examination does seem to overlap. The totally discontinuous distribution and the extremely cordate and dentate leaf-form frequent in Argentinian material does strongly indicate a separate species is involved. Pseudogynoxys cummingii does occur in South America, but only in the northern parts of Colombia and Venezuela. The most northern P. cabrerae specimens are from southern Brasil and Paraguay. Specimens of similar habit from areas between prove to be the distinctive P. bogotensis and P. sodiroi. More critical examination of P. cabrerae shows consistent differences in two significant characters, the essentially tri- nervate venation of the leaves, and the 80-110 setae of the pappus in 4-5 series. The pappus setae are more flattened than in other species of the genus and often are bent or broken in the distal portions. In P. cummingii the leaves have subpinnate venation, and the pappus setae are in ca. 3 series 93688 as is conven- tional for the tribe. The individual setae are less flattened though occasional isolated setae may be extremely broad and flat. Even in immature material where the bases of the setae cannot be seen properly, the less flattened condition can be noticed in compar- isions. The mature specimens of P. cummingii often seem to have lost most or all of the pappus while the P. cabrerae pappus seems more persistent. The individ- ual setae do not appear less fragile but the extra 1977 Robinson & Cuatrecasas, Gems Pseudogynoxys 185 series apparently provide more resistance. The puberulence of P. cummingii is coarser than in P. cabrerae especially on the undersurface of the leaves, but this is only obvious in direct comparison of material. The style appendages of the ray flowers of P. cabrerae are notable for the lack or near lack of hairs. A few short hairs often form a very short apical tuft. All other species of Pseudogynoxys have more hairs on the style appendages of the rays. One specimen of P. cabrerae (Hassler 11845) has more hairs on the styles of the rays which probably represents a partial failure of the normal differentiation between the style of the ray and disk flowers. Pseudogynoxys chenopodioides (HBK.) Cabrera, Brittonia ee, 5 4 4950. Senecio chenopodioides HBK., Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: L4O. 1818, ed folio. Gynoxys berlandieri DC., Prodr. 6: 326. 1837. Gynoxys cordifolia Néaei. .0G.s,/iProdria:6: 326161837. Senecio confusus Britten, J. Bot. 36: 260. 1898. Pseudogynoxys berlandieri (DC. ) Cabrera, Brittonia 7: 56. 1950. The species is common in Mexico, Central America and the West Indies and has been cultivated in such places as Hawaii. There are only two specimens in the U.S. National Herbarium from South America. COLOMBIA: Valle: Cali. Planta cultivada en jardines. Patiffo 599; Magdalena: Ciénaga. Romero Castafieda 1907. Pseudogynoxys cordifolia (Cass.) Cabrera, Brittonia 7: 54.1950. Gynoxys cordifolia Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat. 48: 456. 1827- Type in Herb. Jussieu No. 8939 under unpublished name Senecio scandens Juss. Senecio volubilis Hook., Bot. Misc. 2: 226. 1831. Senecio jussleui Klatt, Ann. K.K. Naturhist. far gi tungecwey 92. aay) laste Pseudogynoxys volubilis (Hook. ) Cabrera, Brittonia - J90. 950 The synonymy follows that of Cabrera (1959). The species is endemic to the coastal ranges of Peru and ranges from Departments of Lambayeque and Cajamarca in the north to Lima in the south. Pseudogynoxys cummingii (Benth. ) H.Robinson & J.Cuatr- ~~“6 Casas, comb. nov. Gynoxys cummingii Benth. ex Oerst., Kjoeb. Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk. Naturhist. Foren. 1852: 106. 1852. 186 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 36, no. 3 Senecio benthami Griseb., Goett. Abhand. 24: 206. 1879. Senecio calocephalus Hemsl., Biol. Cent. Amer., Bot. Deion. Tee8r- Not. S. calocephalus Poepp. & Endl. Senecio hoffmannii Klatt, Leopoldina 25: 106. 1889. Pseudogynoxys benthami Cabrera, Brittonia 7: 56. Sho Pseudog ynoxys hoffmannii (Klatt) Cuatr., Brittonia Eso. TLD The species is widely distributed in Central America from Panama northward to southern Mexico. Only two specimens from South America are in the U.S. National Herbarium. COLOMBIA: Magdalena: In coffee grove above Manaure, alt. about 600 m. Haught 3980; VENEZUELA: Zulia: Perija, alt. 1175 m. Gines 38h. Pseudogynoxys engleri (Hieron. ) H.Robinson & J.Cuatr- ecasas, comb. nov. Senecio engleri Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. 28: 644, 1901. Syn. cite S. jussieui Klatt sensu Hieron. Bot. Jahrb, 19:69. 1804, Senecio a eaero® Cuatr., An. Univ. Madrid 4 (fasc. 2): 85: The species occurs at lower elevations in west- central Ecuador. Specimens in the U.S.National Herb- arium are as follows. ECUADOR: Canar: Along the road to Canar, ca. 17 kms ESE of El Triunfo, elev. ca. 300 Bie. = 6995; Guayas: Manglaralto, elev. 0-50 m, Low semi-a hills back from beach. Dodson & Thien 1656; Along Bea 12 km north of Pedro Carbo. Alt. prob. about 150 m. Haught 3058; Terecita, Stevens, 47, 130; Los Rios: Hacienda Clementina on Rio Pita, Pita, marsh. Asplund 5425. Pseudogynoxys filicaliculata (Cuatr.) Cuatr., Britton- La, Se P56u0 L955. Senecio filicaliculatus Cuatr., Collect. Bot. 3: The species is apparently still known only from the type from Peru (Weberbauer 7721). Pseudogynoxys fragans (Hook. ) H.Robinson & J.Cuatre- casas, comb. nov. Gynoxys fragans Hook., Bot. Mag. 76, t. 1511. 1850. Senecio skinneri Hemsl., Biol. Cent. Amer., Bot. 2: 247. 1881. The type grown at Kew was apparently originally collected by Skinner in Guatemala. The original description is accompanied by a detailed illustration. 1977 Robinson & Cuatrecasas, Germs Pseudogynoxys 187 No specimens fitting the description have been seen, but a photograph distributed by the Field Museum of plants in the Berlin Herbarium under the name Senecio convolvuloides Greenm. shows an Ehrenberg collection from Mexico that is apparantly P fragans. eee ppnoxys haenkei (DC.) Cabrera, Brittonia 7: 54. Gynoxys haenkei DC., Prodr. 6: 326. 1837. Gynoxys oerstedii Benth. ex Oerst., Kjoeb. Vidensk. Medder- Dansk. Naturhist. Foren. 1852: 107. VE52\. Senecio kermesinus Hemsl., Biol. Cent. Amer., Bot. . Senecio chinotegensis Klatt, Leopoldina 24: 125. 1888. Senecio rothschuhianus Greenm., Bot. Jahrb. 60: 370. 1926. Pseudogynoxys oerstedii (Benth. ) Cuatr., Brittonia 8: 156. 1955 In addition to the synonyms given, the following unvalidated names of Greenman on the basis of annotated specimens seem to apply to this species: Senecio bernoullianus, S. convolvuloides, and S. trixioides all nomen, Bot. Jahrb. 32: 22. 1902. ~— Pseudogynoxys poeppigii (DC.) H.Robinson & J.Cuatre- b. nov. casas, comb. Gynoxys poeppigii DC., Prodr. 6: 326. 1837. Senecio sprucel Rlatt, Leopoldina 24: 128. 1888. Pseudogynoxys sprucei (Klatt) Cabrera, Brittonia : 3 o80- All specimens seen have been from the Department of San Martin in Peru. The species is obviously closely related to P. scabra, but differs primarily by the minute appressed hairs that give the leaves a glabrous appearance. The species also seems to be restricted to comparatively low elevations on the eastern slopes of the Andes, while P. scabra is from low elevations to the west of the Andes, Pscudog ynoxys scabra (Benth. ) Cuatr., Brittonia 8: 156. lL ; Gynoxys scabra Benth., Voy. Sulphur 121. 1836. Senecio eggersii Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. 28: 645. 1901. Pseudogynoxys eggersii (Hieron.) Cabrera, Brittonia 7: 56. 1950. Senecio neovolubilis Cuatr., Repert. Sp. Nov. 55: 188 PebeteT OnheO Golick Vol. 36, no. 3 Pseudogynoxys neovolubilis (Cuatr.) Cuatr., Brittonia SMe oy opie IRS Foo Pseudogynoxys asplundii K.Afzelius, Bot. Notis. 119: me 1566 Pseudosymuoxys Suge st ts K,Afzelius, Bot. Notis, The species is characterized by the straight main stems and the densely paniculate axillary inflorescen- ces, a habit well illustrated in the photographs of the type specimens of Afzelius (1966). The habit is parti- cularly distinct from that of the sympatric P. engleri with its deflected stem and less dense corymbose inflorescences. The type of Gynoxys scabra has not been seen and Bentham does not describe the stem, but other described features indicate identity with Senecio eggersii Hieron. Most anther collars that have been examined show less differentiation of the basal cells than in other species of the genus. Enlarged cells are evident in the type specimen of S. neovolu- bilis, however. Specimens in the U.S. National Herb- arlum are as follows. ECUADOR: Junction of Guayas, Cafiar, Chimborazo & Bolivar: Foothills of the western cordillera near the village of Bucay; 1000-1250 ft. elev. Camp E-3964; Guayas: Road from Guayaquil to Cuevedo; km 78; elev. 100 m. Dodson & Thien 1273; Guayaquil, alt. 0-50 m. Hitchcock 19966, 20126; Between Guayaquil and Salinas; near sea level. Mexia 6767; Prope Guayaquil. Mille 218; Guayaquil, along road to Aguas Piedras. Rowlee & Mixter 1108; 8 km north of Guayaquil; dry Ioam of hillside, alt. 5 m. Stork, Eyerdam & Beetle 8968, 8969; Guayaquil and vicinity, elev. 0-20 m. Valverde 342; Loja: Sabiango. Townsend 885 (Holotype of Senecio neovolubilis); Manabi: Roadsides near Santa Ana, alt. 100 m. Haught 3504. PERU: Piura: Canchaque upper limits of town (several km above town, rd to Huancabamba, alt. 1350 m. Hutchison & Wright 6660. Pseudogynoxys sodiroi (Hieron. ) Cuatr., Ciencia 23: Ly. Toeu Senecio sodiroi Hieron. , Bot: Jahrb. 29: 73. 1900: Senecio viridifluminis Cuatr., Repert Sp. Nov. 55: Diy Sve Pseudogynoxys viridifluminis (Cuatr.) Cuatr., Brittonta 8: 1577 1955 Pseudogynoxys guarumalensis K.Afzelius, Bot. Notis. ILLS ye C 6 Pseudogynoxys pastazensis K. Afzelius, Bot. Notis. The synonymy is emended from Cuatrecasas (1964). 1977 Robinson & Cuatrecasas, Gems Pseudogynoxys 189 The specimens seen by the authors are as follows. ECUADOR: Rio Verde, Pachano 235 (US, holotype of S. viridifluminis); Cotopaxi: Cordillera Occidental; Cordillera de Angamarca y Zumbagua, above Pilalé. H.Barclay & Juajibioy 8071 (US); Pastaza: Road 3 km E of Rio Blanco, elev. 1700 m. Dodson & Thien 2006 (US); Pastaza, 1200 m alt. Rimbach 273 (F); Pichincha: About 84 km east of Quevedo, en route to Quito, alt. 2275 m. Maguire & Maguire 44259 (US); Tungurahua: Valley of Rio Pastaza, Hacienda Rio Verde Grande, alt. 1500 m. Asplund 7838 (US, isotype of P. pastazensis); Region near hot water pool at Baftios, 1750 Mm alt. Penland & Summers 34 (F). Eas E sonchoides (HBK.) Cuatr., Brittonia 8: IDSA 5 Senecio sonchoides HBK., Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 139. VOLS .7ed StogiLo, Gynoxys sinclairi Benth., Voy. Sulphur 120. 1836. Senecio jamesonl Spruce ex Klatt, Leopoldina 24: 127. 1888. Senecio sinclairi (Benth. ) Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. 19: Pseudogynoxys chiribogensis K.Afzelius, Bot. Notis. ‘wie ae, 1 : The synonymy is emended from that of Cuatrecasas (1955). Specimens in the U.S.National Herbarium are as follows. ECUADOR: Bolivar: Balzapamba, alt. 800 m. Haught 3311; Chimborazo: Cafion of the Rio Chanchan near Huigra; 4000-4500 ft. elev. Camp E-3049; Huigra, alt. 1200 m. Hitchcock 20348; Along the road to Riobamba, ca Il kms NE of Bucay, elev. ca. 1600 ft. King 6957; Vicinity of Huigra, mostly on the Hacienda e Licay, Rose & Rose 22188; Stidwestlich Huigra, 1200 m. Schimpff£ 463; Cotopaxi: Road between Pilaloa and Macuchi, alt. about 2400 m. Haught 2960; El Oro: Along Rio Amarillo, upstream from Portovelo, alt. 640-760 m. Steyermark 54076; Guayas: Near Bucay, alt. about 300 m. Haught 2890; Loja: Between Loja and San Lucas, alt. 3100-2600 m. Hitchcock 21492; Sabiango, elev. 3000 ft. Townsend A.96; Manabi: Road from Chone to Pichincha; km 82, elev. 450 m. Dodson & Thien 1772; Pichincha: Road from Quito to Santo Domingo de Los Colorados; km 95, elev. 1000 m. Dodson & Thien 1216; s.1. Jameson 835 PERU: Lambayeque: Km 28 E of Olmos on Maranon highway, vicinity of restaurant "El Salvador", alt. 1150 m. Hutchison & Wright 3424; Piura: Prov. Paita, Talara, Haught 68; Santa Rosa (Abajao de Canchaque), alt. 800 m. Sagdstegui, Cabanillas & Dios 8288. 190 PoWiXeT Ort, 0 Geld Vol. 36, no. 3 Literature Cited Afzelius, K. 1966. Some species of Pseudogynoxys from Ecuador. Botaniska Notiser 119 er 233-242. Baker, J. G. 1884. IV. Helianthoideae, Helenioideae, Anthemideae, Senecionideae, Cynaroideae, Ligulatae, Mutisiaceae. in Martius, Flora Brasiliensis 6 (3): 136-412, pl. 45-108. Cabrera, A. 1950. Notes on the Brazilian Senecioneae. Brittonia 7: 53-74. 1959. Notas sobre tipos de Compuestas Sudamericanas en herbarios Europeos. I. Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 7: 233-246. Cassini, H. 1827. Senecionées. Dict. Sci. Nat. 48: 446-466. Cuatrecasas, J. 1955. A new genus and other novelties in Compositae. Brittonia 8: 151-163. 1964. Misceldnea sobre Flora Neotropica, I. Ciencia, Méx. 23 (4): 137-L51. Greenman, J. 1902. Monographie der nord- und central- amerikanischen Arten der Gattung Senecio. Bot. Jahwb S25°h +33), Grisebach, A. H. R. 1879. Symbolae ad floram argentinam. Abhand. Kdn. Ges. Wiss. Goett. Phys. Cl. 24 (1): 1-345. Nordenstam, B. 1977. Systematics of the Liabeae and Senecioneae. in The Biology and Chemistry of the Compositae. in press. Turczaninow, N. 1851. Synanthereae Quaedam hucusque indescriptae. Bulletin de la Société impériale de Naturalistes de Moscou. 24 (pt.1): 166-214; EZ) 7159-95. Weddell, H. A. 1855-1857. Ord. I. Compositae. Chloris andina 1: 1-232, pl. 1-42. Williams, L. 0. 1976. Tribe VIII. Senecioneae. in Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiana: Botany 24 (pt. 12): 392-393, 395-423. 1977 Robinson & Cuatrecasas, Genus Pseudogynoxys 191 Figs. 1-8. EseudeEynoys cummingii (Benth. ) H.Rob- inson & J.Cuatrecasas, from Haught , Colombia. 1. Head, X 2. 2. Involucral bracts, X 43. 3. Ray flower, xX 43. 4. Disk flower, X 44. 5. Style branches of disk peower, x 27. G6; Anther, X.18... 7, .Acheney: Xi 9.08% Leaf, X 4/9. 192 Pi Be Yo OL 0). Grbk Vol. 36, no. 3 tanie Museum of the University. Copenhagen Plants of Argentina Trocis Wyndel Pedersen a Pseudogynoxys cabrerae H.Robinson & J.Cuatrecasas, Holotype, United States National Herbarium. Photo by Victor E. Krantz, Staff Photographer, National Museum of Natural History. y UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM STUDIES IN THE EUPATORIEAE (ASTERACEAE). CLXIII. ADDITIONS TO THE GENUS FLEISCHMANNIOPSIS. R. M. King and H. Robinson Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560 The genus Fleischmanniopsis was originally established for three species of Critonioid Eupatorieae (King & Robin- son, 1971). Continuing research both in the field and in the herbarium have yielded the following two new species and new combination presented below. The type species of Fleischmanniopsis, F. leucocephala (Benth.) K& R, is notable for the white color of the involucral bracts, a condition that is evident very early in the develop- ing inflorescence. There has been a tendency to dis- miss all such material as one species, but specimens from southern Guatemala and El Salvador prove to be distinct. A single specimen with white involucres from Chiapas proves to be a third distinct species. Immaturity of specimens is a problem in the genus. The white involucres show from very early stages in development and many specimens are collected in the erroneous assumption they are mature. This factor obscures some of the species Limits since the smaller head size and early deciduous primary leaves in F. anomalochaeta are not evident in comparisons of immature specimens. Williams concern with immaturity in F. mendax seems unwarranted, however, since an isotype(GH) Is sufficiently deve Loped and shows Larger heads than any seen in F. leucocephala. Williams was perhaps mis- lead by the apparently characteristic greenish rather than whitish involucre in F. mendax. The concept of the genus is expanded here to con- tain 5 species. The increased diversity of the species level reenforces the generic distinctions and some new characters can be added. Fleischmanniopsis is regarded as Critonioid and because of the broadened and thicken- ed clavate tips of the style branches a relationship might be suggested to Critoniadelphus. There is some resemblence in habit between that genus and F. mubigen- oides (B.L.Robinson) K. & R., a resemblance that to the species name of the latter. Differences, how- ever, discourage any thought of close relationship. In Fleischmanniopsis, the inner involucral bracts are usually persistent, the pollen is only 18-20, in dia- meter, the anther collars are annulated, the corolla 193 19 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 36, no. 3 lobes are nearly glabrous, the pappus is in a single uncongested row of slender setae, the carpopodium is pale and tapering with a sharp upper rim, the anthers are partly to completely pinkish as seen through the thin corollas, the anther appendage is less than half as long as wide, the ribs of the achene are narrow and not noticeably corticated, the leaves are trinervate- ly rather than pinnately veined, and the corollas have veins ending below thelobes. Fleischmanniopsis was named after the resemblance of the achene and the shape of the corolla lobes to those of Fleischmannia. The latter genus does not seem particularly closely related, however, differing by the corolla lobes papillose on both surfaces with papillae on the upper ends of the cells, the veins of the corollas extending into the corolla lobes and being greatly thickened in the lower throat, the corolla having a distinct short basal tube, the anthers not being reddish, the style branches lLack- ing nodular tips but being dense ly covered with elongate papillae, the head usually containing 20 or more flowers with 10 in only one species, and the anther appendage being longer than wide. The five species of Fleischmanniopsis may be distinguished by the following key. l. Inflorescence corymbose or pyramidally paniculate; leaves trinervate from well above base, second- ary veins parallel with basal margin ---------- 2 2. Involucre brownish at maturity ; leaves membran- ous, dark when dry, acuminatium less than 1/5 of leaf length; pappus ca. 3 mm long; corolla glabrous inside F, nubigenoides 2. Involucre whitish; leaves herbaceous, green when dry; acumination % of leaf length; pappus ca. 2 mm long; corolla with hairs inside at the bases of the filaments---------------- F., Langmaniae ls Inflorescence thyrsoid- paniculate, elongate cylind- rical; leaves trinervate from at or near the base, secondary veins diverging from basal margins--- 3 3. Heads ca. 7 mm long, involucre greenish at mat- urity; leaf Lamina rounded at base, trinervate from base, tip abruptly acuminate--- F. mendax 1977 King & Robinson, Gems Fleischmanniopsis 195 3. Heads 4-6 mm Long, involucre white at maturity; leaf lamina acute at base, trinervate from above base, tip gradually acuminate--------------- 4 4, Heads ca. 4 mm long; tips of pappus setae contorted and irregularly barbellate; achene scabrous throughout; primary leaves usually lacking at anthesis------ F. anomalochaeta 4, Heads mostly 5-6 mm Long; tips of pappus setae straight and antrorsely scabrid; achene usually glabrous below; primary leaves per- sistent through anthesis - F. leucocephala Fleischmanniopsis anomalochaeta R. M. King & H. Robin- son, sp. nov. Plantae fruticosae 1.0-1.5 m altae multo ramosae. Caules glabri in nodis pauce minute puberuli teretes vel subtiliter hexagonales flavo- fulvescentes. Folia opposita, petiolis 0.5-2.5 cm longis; folia primaria ca. 10-11 cm longa et ca. 4 cm lata; saepe per anthesin decidua; folia ramosa plerum- que 2-5 cm longa et ca. 1 cm Lata; Laminae ovatae vel late Lanceolatae base acutae vel Late cuneatae fere ad basem valde trinervatae margine utrinque argute 5-13- serratae apice sensim anguste acuminatae supra et sub- tus sparse puberulae. Inflorescentiae elongatae thyrsoideo-paniculatae ampliatae, ramis et ramulis puberulis vel dense puberulis. Capitula in ramulis corymbosis congesta ca. 4 mm alta et 1.5-1.8 mm lata. Squamae involucri ca. 3-seriatae ca. 15 albae ovatae vel oblongae 1-3 mm longae 0.5-0.9 mm latae margine minuto fimbriatae extus glabrae vel subglabrae exter- iores apice minute apiculatae interiores obtusae vel rotundatae. Flores 7-9; corollae albae 2.0-2.2 mm longae anguste infundibulares, tubis angustatis indis- tinctis, lobis ca. 0.3 mm longis et 0.25 mm lLatis; filamenta in parte superiore ca. 0.3 mm longa pariet- ibus cellularum dense annulatis; thecae antherarum ca. 0.5 mm longae, appendices truncatae ca. 0.05 mm longae et 0.15 mm Latae. Achaenia 1.1-1.5 mm longa ubique sparse setifera; setae pappi ca. 18-20 non con- tiguae 2.0-2.5 mm longae apice contortae saepe tenues patentiter vel retrorse spiculiferae. Grana pollinis 18-19, diam. minute papillosa. TYPE: GUATEMALA: Sacatepequez: along the dirt road to Antigua, ca. 13 kms generally N of Escuintla. Eleva- fion»ca.: 35200 ft. 23: January 1977. R. M. King 7179 (Holotype US). Paratypes: GUATEMALA: Sacatepequez: along the dirt road to Antigua, ca. 11 kms generally N of Escuintla. Elevation ca. 2,500 ft. 23 January 1977, King 7177 (US). Dry secondary forest, lower slopes Volcan de Fuego, 3 km southwest of Alotenango, 1,200-1,300 m January 15,,1974 , Williams & Williams 43469 (US). Dry thickets between hills Agua and Fuego Volcanoes, road to Alotenango, elevation 1,200 m Molina et al 16666 (US). Escuintla: along. the road to Escuintla, ca. 16 kms generally SW of Amatitlan. Eleva- tion ca. 2,750 ft, King 7169 (US). Amatitlan: Palin, atte? Ses56O!h ft? John Donnell Smith 2843 (US). EL SALVADOR Ahuachapan: Sierra de Apaneca, in the region of Finca Colima, Jan. 17-19, 1922, Standley 20160 (US). Witheut precise locality, all Sisto Alberto Padi Padilla 250, 280, 28 CALL US): The new species has the general aspect of the common Fleischmanniopsis leucocephala but is most dis- tinct in the contorted , tenuous and uniquely barbellate tips of the pappus setae. In the typical form the barbs of the setae are proliferated into papillae and bi£id «tips ‘that appear almost haustorial. The character is weakly developed in only one of the collections seen. The concept is reenforced by the smaller heads and the More setiferous achenes. The heads are 4 mm long while mature heads of F. Leucocephala are 5-6 mm long. The achenes are prominently scabrous to the base while those of F. leucocephala are almost glabrous. A few specimens of the Latter species from central Mexico have achene pubescence as in F. anomalochaeta but apparently represent a parallel variation. The new species can be recognized in the field by subtile differences in aspect. The smaller heads con- tribute to the appearance but might be confused with immature specimens of F. Leucocephala. Specimens of F. anomalochaeta also are usually distinctive in the Numerous Lateral shoots with Abela leaves. Larger leaves occur on the main stems but are apparently usually lost before anthesis. In contrast, F. leuco- cephala has persistent primary leaves and branchlets earing smaller leaves are usually not prominent. Fleischmanniopsis Langmaniae R. M. King & H. Robinson, Sp. nove antae fruticosae ca. 1m altae laxe ramosae. Caules glabri vel subglabri teretes vel sub- tiliter hexagonales fulvescentes. Folia opposita, petiolis 0.5-1.5 cm longis; laminae ovatae plerumque 1977 King & Robinson, Gemus Fleischmanniopsis 197 4.5-10.0 cm longae et 1.5-3.5 cm lLatae base acutae Mmargine 5-9 argute serratae apice sensim anguste acum- inatae supra et subtus sparse puberulae distincte supra basem trinervatae, nervis secundariis marginis basil- aribus parallelis. Inflorescentiae pyramidaliter paniculatae ampliatae, ramis et ramulis puberulis vel dense puberulis. Capitula in ramulis subcorymbosis subcongesta ca. 5 mm alta et 3 mm lata. Squamae involucri ca. 18 albae 1-3-purpureo-Llineatae orbiculatae vel oblongae 0.7-3.7 mm Longae et 1.0-1.4 mm Latae margine minute fimbriatae extus glabrae apice rotund- atae. Flores 7-9; corollae albae in nervis purpureis ca. 2.5 mm lLongae anguste tubulares superne infundib- laris, tubis indistinctis,faucis base intus sparse puberulis, lobis ca. 0.35 mm longis et 0.3 mm latis extus 0-2-setiferis; filamenta in parte superiore ca. 0.25 mm longa base indistincta, parietibus cellularum dense annulatis; thecae antherarum ca. 0.55 mm longae, appendices truncatae vel retusae ca. 0.05 mm longae et 0.15 mm latae. Achaenia 1.5-1.7 mm longa glabra vel apice pauce spiculifera; setae pappi 25-35 contiguae ca. 2 mm longae ubique aequicrassae et aequiscabrae. Granna pollinis ca. 17, diam. minute papillosa. TYPE:MEXICO: Chiapas: between San Fernando and ot de Ayala, 4/17/49, Ida K. Langman 3914 (Holotype US). a oy Paci) Fleischmanniopsis lLangmanae is most closely re- lated to F. nubigenoides in the more broadly paniculate inflorescence and in the venation of the leaves. The trinervation of the leaves is farther from the base of the Lamina and parallel to the basal margine as in F. nubigenoides. The two species also seem to share some- what broader basal tubes on the corollas and pappus setae of even width and equally distributed scabrosity. The new species is more like F. leucocephala by the whitish involucres and differs from F. nubigenoides also by the shorter florets and shorter pappus. e new species is unique in the genus by the hairs inside the corollla at the bases of the filaments. The following variety should be added to the genus. Fleischmanniopsis leucocephala (Benth.) R.M.King & H. Robinson var. anodonta (B.L.Robinson) R.M.King & H.Robinson, comb. nov. Eupatorium leucocephala Benth. var. anodontum B.L.Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 51:534. L916. Mexico. 198 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 36, no. 3 ASTERACEAE OF GUATEMALA Cytological and/or Biochemical Vouchers Ropenr Muraitt, Kine, No. 7179 3 Januar 1977 Fleischmanniopsis anomalochaeta M. King & { PE a al rubs 1 tall Lovers rt road r gue £ Escuintla 2789636 ie " Hevhariam, nian I Robe MA / Bier Dy FB NATIONAL HERBARIUM Fleischmanniopsis anomalochaeta R. M. King & H. Rob- inson, Holotype, United States National Herbarium. Photos by Victor E. Krantz, Staff Photographer, National Museum of Natural History. 1977 King & Robinson, Gems Fleischmanniopsis 199 HERBARIO NACIONAL DF MEXICO Insti°ute de Biologia t ~ a » Estado ¢ Col No € ai are 6 Luge: ( Hab. .« Fecha +t) 4 - Det Fleischmanniopsis lLangmaniae R. M. King & H. Rob- inson, Holotype, United States National Herbarium. 200 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 36, mo. 3 4 Pa a <6 I panerntat t | { Enlargements of heads of Fleischmanniopsis. Top. F. anomalochaeta; bottom. F. langmanilae. Literature Cited King, R. M. and H. Robinson 1971. Studies in the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae). XLV. A new genus, Fleischmanniopsis. Phytologia 21: 402-404. STUDIES IN THE HELIANTHEAE (ASTERACEAE). VIII. NOTES ON GENUS AND SPECIES LIMITS IN THE GENUS’ VIGUIERA. Harold Robinson Department of Botany Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. The genus Viguiera contains the greatest diversity of species of any genus in the subtribe Helianthinae, and both the generic and species limits have been sub- ject to question. The genus has been studied on a classical basis by Blake (1918) and comparatively few additiona have been made since that time. Of particu- lar interest are the more herbaceous species of the genus which form the typical element and which could be included in a more narrowly circumscribed genus con- cept. Some immediate relatives have been placed in segregate genera and the policy is followed here that was initiated by D'Arcy (1975) in the Flora of Panama, the herbaceous species with 1-3 seriate involucre and shortly but distinctly appendaged styles of the disk flowers are placed in Viguiera regardless of the presence or absence of differentiated awns and squam- ellae on the achenes. In addition to the new species described below, a number of details of floral struc- ture have been noted for other species. The group seems to have many characters in its "floral anatomy" that are useful at the species level, though such characters are comparatively rare in other Heliantheae. Viguiera dentata (Cav.) Spreng. includes the type species of the genus, V. helianthoides HBK., and is distributed widely in the West Indies, Mexico and Central America. The involucral bracts tend to be distinctive by the base being nearly filled by a pair of prominent costae and by the distinct linear tip. The species proves far more distinctive and unique in the genus by the presence of hairs on the filaments of the anthers which usually form a dense pubescnce visible in the opened corollas under the dissecting microscope. The disk corollas also have the basal tubes nearly glabrous, the throat densely scabrous below, and the throat less than twice as long as the lobes, a combination of features differing from most members of the genus. 201 202 PHY TOLOGIA Vol. 36, no. 3 Viguiera molinae H.Robinson, sp. nov. Plantae herbaceae 14-2 m altae laxe ramosae. caules brunnescentes vel rubro-tincti teretes et minute striati sparse antrorse strigosi. Folia alternata, basilaris opposita?, petiolis angustis plerumque 5-10 mm longis dense strigosis; laminae ovatae vel lanceo- latae plerumque 4-8 cm longae et 1-4 cm latae base breviter acutae vel vix acuminatae margine 6-17 argute serratae sensim in foliis superioribus minoribus sub- integra et integra apice longe anguste acuminatae supra sparse appresse strigosae et dense minute scabridae subtus densius strigosae fere ad basem valde trinervat- ae. Inflorescentiae laxe subcymosae, pedicellis tenuibus 1.5-3.0 cm longis dense strigosis. Capitula ca. 8 mm alta et 5-6 mm lata. Squamae involucri ca. 8-10 plerumque uniseriatae erectae herbaceae lanceo- latae 4-5 mm longae et 1.0-1.2 mm latae apice anguste acutae extus dense strigosae. Paleae chartaceae oblongae ca. 5 mm longae et 2 mm latae superne irregul- ariter breviter serratae apice breviter acutae vix erectae apiculatae extus variabiliter puberulae in nervis mediis strigosae viridivittatae. Flores radii O-1 in capitulo steriles; corollae flavae, tubis tenu- ibus ca. 1.2 mm longis superne parce puberulis, limbis late ellipticis ca. 2.5 mm longis et 1.8 mm latis subtus in nervis strigosis. Flores disci ca.- 20; corollae flavae 3.5-4.3 mm longae, tubis 1.0-1.3 mm longis parce spiculiferis base pauce glanduliferis, glandulis non capitatis, faucis cylindricis 1.8-2.0 mm longis inferne dense et superne sparse spiculiferis intus sparse antrorse papillatis, lobis triangularibus ca. 0.6 mm longis et ca. 0.4 mm latis extus dense strigosis setis perverrucosis intus dense uniformiter breviter papillatis; filamenta glabra in partibus superioribus ca. 0.35 mm longa e thecis plerumque exerta; thecae 1.0-1.2 mm longae; appendices antherarum flavae ovatae ca. 0.4 mm longae et 0.17 mm latae base in fasciculo glanduliferae; rami stylorum breviter distincte appendiculati. Achaenia 3.0-3.3 mm longa et ca. 1.2 mm lata distincte compressa minute albo-macul- ata dense subsordide sericea; aristae pappi 2 ca. 3 mm longae inferne scariose alatae, squamellae pappi ca. 6 aliquantum latae 0.7-1.0 mm longae base breviter connatae distaliter valde laceratae. Grana pollinis ca. 23-25 diam. dense hispida. p g Type: NICARAGUA: Dept. Esteli: La Guava, Estel1 River 22 km north of Esteli, alt. 650 m. Nov. 23-26, 1973. L.O.Williams & A.Molina R. 42374 (Holotype, US). The specimen was received as Aldama dentata var. dentata and duplicates should be sought in other herbaria under that name. 1977 Robinson, Genus Viguiera 203 viguiers molinae is in the group Blake (1918) referred to as sect. Diplostichis and is obviously closely related to V. gracillima Brandegee of Oaxaca and Chiapas. The new species has the same canescent- strigose lanceolate involucral bracts and combined strigose and scabrid upper surfaces of the leaves that occur in V. gracillima, and in an initial sorting was thought to be only a range extension of that species. The more robust plant with the extensive many-headed inflorescence and the narrower lLong-acuminate leaves was at great variance, however. Careful examination proved the species was thoroughly distinct in the rayless or nearly rayless condition of the heads. Numerous heads have been examined leaving no doubt that the heads are basically rayless. The anther collars of V. molinae are unusually long, also, and they extend far below the basal points of the anther thecae. Most members of the genus have anther collars scarcely longer than the bases of the thecae. Other Central American species placed in the same section by Blake include V. tenuis A.Gray, V. strigosa Klatt and V. sylvatica Klatt. The first of these mS involucral bracts similar to V. molinae, but it differs by the mostly opposite subsessile Leaves with non- acuminate tips, upper surfaces of the leaves with denser ascending strigose hairs and no spicules, the corolla having a very short basal tube, the corolla lobes being only as long as wide, and the lobe inner surface having much more elongate papillae. Both V. strigosa and V. sylvatica of Costa Rica differ by the glandular dots on the undersurfaces of the leaves and by the broader thicker involucral bracts without canescent-strigose pubescence. The two species have been confused in identifications and some notes suggest the two are synonyms. An isotype of V. strigosa and one other specimen (Standley & Valerio 44883) have been examined and prove to be notably distinct in the shorter lobes of the disk corolla that are smooth rather than papillose on the inner surface, the anthers are mostly or completely included in the mature corollas, and the anther collars are elongate, extend- ing well below the bases of the thecae. Specimens seen of V. sylvatica all show very deeply cut disk corolla lobes with sparse papillae inside and long dense papillae forming a mass of hair inside the throat below the lobes, the anthers are exserted at maturity and the anther collars are short so as to scarcely extend below the bases of the thecae. 20h PHY 2.01L OG & Vol. 36, no. 3 Haplocalymma microcephala (Greenm.) Blake is very closely related to the species of section Diplostichis having lanceolate canescent-strigose involucral bracts. The species has leaf pubescence precisely Like that of Ve eee and V. molinae. The only significant differences seem to be the coarsely dentate leaves and the smaller more densely clustered heads. The evenly spaced uniseriate 5 involucral bracts do not seem to warrant a generic distinction and the species should be known as V. microcephala Greenm. Contrary to Blake's characterization the pappus tends to have differentiated though short awns. Viguiera woronowii (Blake) H.Robinson, comb. nov. HaplocaLlymma woronowii Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 43: 163. 1930. The value of Blake's concept of Haplocalymma is essentially disproven by the nature of this second species described by him. While the speci- es is in the general relationship, it would certainly not seem to be the closest relative of V. microcephala Greenm. The species is most distinctive in the high- conical receptacle which resembles Jaegeria. It is a similarity of some concern since the recognition of sterile rays in one species of Jaegeria, J. sterilis McVaugh. The place of V. woronowll 1s proven, however, by the presence of a single continuous stigmatic surface on each style branch as in all Helianthiinae, there are two stigmatic lines in Jaegeria. Also, V. woronowii has a small style appendage as in typical Viguiera and the distinctly papillose appressed hairs common in Viguiera and many other Heliantheae, both characters differing from Jaegeria. In the Flora of Panama, D‘tArcy (1975) adopts a broad concept of Viguiera which includes Wedelia cordata Hook.& Arn. and which thus essentially synony- mizes the genus Hymenostephium. A lectotype is also chosen by DtArcy for the genus Gymnolomia (see below under Viguiera rudbeckioides). The broad concept was not Saran by DtArcy, but it is thoroughly justified. Blake (1918) in his monograph of Viguiera held Hymeno- stephium distinct for those members of the relationship having a pappus with squamellae but withous different- iated awns. The distinction was very subtile since Blake retained in Viguiera species such as the S.E. U.S. endemic V. porteri (A.Gray) Blake and V. quitensis which have no pappus. The disk achenes of the Latter had setae on their surfaces indicating the lack of a pappus was not the calvous form found erratically in individual specimens of pappose species throughout the 1977 Robinson, Gemus Viguiera 205 family Asteraceae. Blake provided no distinction between the two genera Viguiera and Hymenostephium in cases where calvous achenes Lacking both pappus and lateral hairs occur. The Latter condition is particul- arly common in Hymencetephium and not rare in Viguiera. There are also cases such as V. lepidostephana Cuatr. where the awns are scarcely different from the squam- ellae. The distinction between the genera must there- fore be regarded as unworkable. There is also ample evidence that the distinction between Viguiera and Hymenostephium creates an unnatural division between erobely related species. Viguiera cordata (Hook.& Arn.) D'Arcy, distributed from Mexico to Panama, shows most of the basic features found in all species that have been placed in Hymeno- stephium, the cylindrical throats of the disk corollas twice or more as long as the lobes, the reddish tint of the lobes of older disk flowers, the short-triangular shape of the lobes with dense papillosity on the inner surface, the anther collars not or scarcely extending below the bases of the thecae, and the anther append- ages being yellow. A few of the more restricted traits are the abruptly broadened base of the throat of the disk corollas, and a basal tube nearly 1 mm long that is essentially as scabrid as the base of the throat. There is variation in the species in the erect versus appressed pubescence used to distinguish H. guatemalen- se (B.L.Robins.& Greenm.) Blake, and in the shape of the paleae. Short-tipped paleae are predominent in Guatemala and long-tips are found in most Costa Rican specimens, but both types are found throughout the range of the species. The supposed difference of Hymenostephium microcephalum (Less. ) Blake (including H. mexicanum Benth., the type of the genus; not V. eee Greenm.), the cylindrical rather than campanulate shape of the heads, would seem mostly to distinguish immature specimens from mature material. The primary test of the species, however, seems to be the achene which has a high proportion of calvous forms and identical pappose forms throughout the range in specimens otherwise identifiable as H. cordatun, H. microcephalum and H. guatemalense. The pappose forms all show achenes wit ong-sericeous setosity on the sides and a distinctive stringy form of squamellae. Of all the material under the name Hymenostephius seen from Mexico and Central America, only the following seem to be distinct from Viguiera cordata. Viguiera hintonii H.Robinson, sp. nov. antae herbaceae vel suffrutescentes 1-2 m altae 206 PHY TOL OGI A Vol. 36, no. 3 laxe ramosae, ramis erectis valde patentibus. Caules tenues brunnescentes sparse minute puberuli vel glabres- centes. Folia plerumque opposita, petiolis tenuibus brevibus 3-13 mm longis sparse strigosis; laminae oblongo-lanceolatae vel anguste ovatae plerumque 3-8 cm longae et 1.2-2.7 cm latae base rotundatae margine 3-10 plerumque remote serratae apice anguste acuminatae supra et subtus sparse appresse scabrae fere ad basem tri- nervatae. Inflorescentiae laxe ramosae ¢ymosae pauce capitatae, pedicellis tenuibus 1-10 mm longis sparse vel dense strigosis. Capitula 4.5-5.0 mm alta et 2.0-2.5 mm lata. Squamae involucri ca. 6 plerumque uniseriatae erectae herbaceae ovate lanceolatae 2-3 mm longae et ca. 0.9mm latae apice acuminatae extus subglabrae vel dense strigosae. Paleae chartaceae oblongo-ovatae 3.0-3.5 mm longae et ca. 1.5 mm latae apice breviter acuminatae margine remote dentatae in costis resinosis numerosis aureo-striatae glabrae vel minute puberulae. Flores radii 5 in capitulo steriles; corollae flavae, tubis 0.3-0.5 mm longis puberulis, limbis late ellipticis 3-6 mm longis et 2.0-2.3 mm latis subtus in nervis minute strigosis. Flores disci 5-10; corollae flavae vel superne rubro-tinctae ca. 2.5 mm longae, tubis ca. 0.5 mm longis extus dense scabris, faucis ca. 1.5 mm longis base leniter demarcatis inferne scabris superne glabris, lobis triangularibus ca. 0.5 mm longis et 0.45 mm latis extus dense minute strigosis intus dense uniformiter breviter papillosis; filamenta glabra in partibus superioribus ca. 0.2 mm longa e basis thecarum non vel vix exerta; thecae ca. 1.2 mm longae; appendices anth- erarum flavae ovatae ca. 0.2 mm longae et 0.17 mm latae base in fasciculo glanduliferae; rami stylorum breviter distincte appendiculati. Achaenia 2.0-2.5 mm longa et ca. 0.8-1.0 mm lata distincte compressa ubique nigra et dense breviter setifera, setis erecto-patentibus; pappus nullus vel subnullus. Grana pollinis 23-25, diam. Type: MEXICO: Michoacan: Steep hills about 25 km south of Arteaga, road to Playa Azul; forest of guercus macrophylla; elev. 600-650 m. abundant, shrub 1-2 m high; flowers yellow. 27 Feb. 1965. McVaugh 22637 (Holotype, US). Paratypes: MEXICO: Guerrero: Vallecitos, Montes de Oca. Oak woods. Flower yellow. 7-17-37. Hinton et al. 10611 (US); Chilacayote 1675, Mina. Shady mixed forest. Flower yellow. 4-20-39. Hinton et al. 14182 (US). Py es Se The flowering heads of V. hintonii are the smallest of any seen in the genus and this combined with the general aspect has caused specimens to be placed under the name Hymenostephium microcephalum (Less. ) Blake. The achenes are totally distinct in the short setae on 1977 Robinson, Gems Viguiera D7 the lateral surfaces and the essential lack of pappus. Both the pappus and the long sericeous lateral setae are distinctive in V. cordata. The new species has achenes technically more like V. kingii McVaugh of Nayarit in Mexico, but the latter 1s a much more robust species with very elongate pedicels. One specimen of the new species (Hinton 10611) has been annotated apparently by Blake as ea HEIs n.sp. with refer- ence to H. woronowii. e involucral bracts are not strictly in a single series but usually have a single extra bract as in a few other members of Viguiera sect. Diplostichis. The shape of the leaves is somewhat distinctive by being rather oblong-lanceolate with often remote teeth. The South American species placed in Hymenosteph- ium and the related species of Viguiera are as follows. Viguiera anomala Blake of Colombia was not seen in this study but is supposedly distinct among those members of the group having awns by the sordid or rufous pubescence of the inflorescence and by the glabrous lateral surfaces of the achenes. Viguiera cabrerae H.Robinson, sp. nov. Plantae herbaceae annuae? ca. 0.5 m altae laxe ramosae. Caules tenues brunnescentes vel rubri sparse strigosi. Folia plerumque alternata basilaria opposita, petiolis tenuibus 5-17 mm longis sparse strigosis; laminae ovatae plerumque 2-6 cm longae et 1-4 cm latae base obtusae vel acutae margine utrinque ca. 6-7 serrat- ae apice breviter acutae supra et subtus appresse strig- osae fere ad basem trinervatae. Inflorescentiae laxe ramosae pauce capitatae, pedicellis tenuibus 2.0-5.5 cm longis dense strigosis. Capitula 7-9 mm alta et 5-7 mm lata. Squamae involucri 8-9 plerumque uniseriatae erectae herbaceae lineari-lanceolatae 5-6 mm longae et 1.0-1.3 mm latae apice attenuatae extus dense strigosae. Paleae chartaceae oblongae ca. 5 mm longae et 1.5 mm latae apice obtusae vel breviter acutae margine breviter dense spiculiferae extus virides vel viridivittatae inferne puberulae superne subglabrae. Flores radii 8-9 in capitulo steriles; corollae flavae, tubis ca. 1 mm longis minute sparse puberulis, limbis late ellipticis ca. 8 mm longis et 4 mm latis subtus in nervis strigos- is. Flores disci ca. 15; corollae flavae ca. 4 mm longae superne et in lobis in ductis resinosis pluribus striatis, tubis 0.5-1.0 mm longis dense spiculiferis, faucis cylindricis 2.0-2.5 mm longis inferne dense et superne sparse spiculiferis intus sparse antrorse pap- 208 PHY TOLGOGIA Vol. 36, no. 3 illatis, lobis triangularibus ca. 1 mm longis et 0.8 mm latis extus dense strigosis setis verrucosis intus dense uniformiter breviter papillatis; filamenta glabra in partibus superioribus ca. 0.2 mm longa e basis thecarum vix exerta; thecae ca. 1.5 mm longae; append- ices antherarum flavae ovatae ca. 0.35 mm longae et ca. 0.25 mm latae non vel pauce glanduliferae; rami styl- orum breviter distincte appendiculati. Achaenia ca. 3 mm longa et ca. 1.3 mm lata distincte compressa ubique nigra et dense appresse puberula; pappus nullus. Grana pollinis 23-25, diam. Type: ARGENTINA: Salta: Dep. Candelaria, Rio del Potrero, en la orilla del rio, alt. 1420 m. Flor amarillo, Abril 8, 1925....S. Venturt 3675; Holotype: US). Paratypes: ARGENTINA: Salta: Dep. Capital, Cerro San Bernardo. CapLtulos ,amarillos,..27, V, 1933. ,Aats Cabrera 3017 (US); Cerro San Bernardo. 31 V 1933, A.L. Cabrera 3082 (US). The species is the southernmost of Viguiera sect. Diplostichis. The Cabrera specimens had been annotated in the U.S. National Herbarium as Hymenostephium, but they possess the combination of setiferous achenes and no pappus that Blake was inclined to retain in Viguiera. The combination of achene characters might relate the species to V. quitensis (Benth. ) Blake, but the Argent- inian plants are much more delicate, being perhaps annuals, and the heads are much fewer on long slender pedicels. The leaves also differ from most members of the relationship by the fewer coarser teeth on the margins and by the acute rather than acuminate tips. Viguiera goebelii (Klatt) H.Robinson, comb. nov. ; Gymnolomia goebelii Klatt in Goebel, Pflanzenbiol. Schilderung. 2: fig T89T. No distinction is evident between this and Hymenostephium meridense Blake which was also described from the paramos near Merida in Venezuela. The species is notable for the narrowly ovate leaves with extremely dense usually appressed pubescence that nearly covers the surfaces, and by the 2-3 headed branches of the inflorescence. Viguiera lepidostephana Cuatr. is obviously a member of the Hymenostephium-Di lostichis series in South America. The species is distinctive by the large squamose pappus segments with the awns being only slightly larger than the squamellae. The species was ice from the Depart. Tumbes, Peru (Ellenber 1423). Ferreyra 12259 represents an additional collect- ton from the same area collected at nearly the same time. 1977 Robinson, Gemus Viguiera 209 Viguiera leptodonta Blake is among the species describ- ed having a pappus with distinct awns, but in the calvous-achened condition the species would be indistin- guishable from material called Hymenostephium guatemal- ensis in Venezuela. The latter specimens seem best placed in the present species in view of the less expanded throats of the disk corollas which indicate they are not the same as the Central American material. Viguiera mucronata Blake occurs in Venezuela and adjac- ent northern Colombia. The species has an awned pappus and is similar to the Central American V. tenuis- V. molinae-V. microcephala series discussed above having very densely strigose involucral bracts. The species is distinct among the strongly awned species of South America by the lax herbaceous habit with long pedicels and mostly alternate upper leaves. Viguiera quitensis (Benth. ) Blake is notable for the pubescent achenes with no pappus. The species has been known primarily from Ecuador. New records from Colombia (Metcalf 30029) and Venezuela (Pittier 12662; Steyermark & Dunsterville 98837) had previously been identified as Viguiera mucronata, Hymenostephium cord- atum and H. guatemalense. Viguiera quitensis tends to be more robust wit arger heads and longer rays than in the related species. Viguiera rudbeckioides (HBK.) H.Robinson, comb. nov. Gymnolomia rudbeckioides HBK., Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 172, t. 574. 1818. ed folio. A specimen (Townsend A90) from Sabiango, Ecuador has been seen and seems to match all described and illustrated features of the type specimen collected in immediately adjacent Peru (Piura: Ayavaca). The species seems distinctive in the slender habit, the very short basal tube of the disk corolla, and in the long corolla lobes nearly twice as long as wide. The pappus is a fringe of minute squamellae. In selecting the species as lectotype of Gymnolomia, D'Arcy (1975) was unaware of the transfer of the species to Hymenostephium by Blake (1924, p. 630). In the same Blake paper iS 620) the other three original species of Gymnolomia were also transferred, G. triplinervia to As iia triplinervia (HBK.) Blake and both G. tenella at G. hondensis HBK. to Aspilia tenella (HBK.) Blake. In view of the consistent references by Blake (1918) and D'Arcy (1975) to the Aspilia nature of Gymnolomia it would I believe require rejection of G. rudbeckioid- es and selection of G. tenella HBK as the lectotype of Gymnolomia. = 210 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 36, no. 3 Viguiera serrata (Rusby) H.Robinson, comb. nov. Montanoa serrata Rusby, Desc. New Sp. S. Amer. Pl. 151. 1920. The South American material under the name Hymenostephium cordatum does not seem the same as that from Central America. The corolla is not as abruptly expanded at the base of the throat, the hairs of the achene are shorter and the pappus is different. The squamellae in V. serrata are broad with lacerations distally. The squamellae of V. cordata are divided nearly to the base into slender segments that are often partly hidden by the denser covering of setae on the sides of the achene. In addition to the type (Colombia: Magdalena: Santa Marta, H.H.Smith 516) specimens with identical form of pappus have been seen from central Colombia (Cundinamarca: Guasca, Bro. Ariste-Joseph A538) and Venezuela (Trujillo: Vicinity of Escuque, Pittier 13133). Some specimens seen with calvous achenes may also represent this species. Viguiera viridis (Steyermark) H.Robinson, comb. nov. Hymenostephium viride Steyerm., Fieldiana: Bot. ZSriCsi soa, 153. Syn. H. angustifolium Benth., not Viguiera angustifolia (Hook.& Arn.) Blake. The Venezuelan species is distinctive in the very short blunt involucral bracts which cover only the bases of the mature paleae. The pubescence of the leaves is very sparse compared to V. goebelii. Literature Cited Blake, S. F. 1918. A revision of the genus Viguiera. Contr.) Gray Herb. uni. s9 154-1. =205: . L924. New American Asiteraceae. Contr, UsS: National Herbarium 22 (8): 587-661, i-xi, pl. 54- B33: D'Arcy, W. G. 1975. 73. Viguiera, in Flora of Panama. Annals Missouri Bot. Gard. 62: 1156-1161. 1977 Robinson, Genus Viguiera 211 \ ‘ \ Aldeme dentate ver. denteta Peddma Viguiera molinae H.Robinson, Holotype, United States National Herbarium. Photo by Victor E. Krantz, Staff Photographer, National Museum of Natural History. 212 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. %, no. 3 Viguiera hintonii H.Robinson, States National Herbarium. PLANTS OF MICHOACAN Abundant. Shrub 1-2 m. high; flowers yellow, 22637 Holotype, United 1977 Robinson, Gems Viguiers a3 CSP EREEESEPPEPET EY TUT Preri 4 Viguiera hintonii, enlargement of heads. 21h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 3%, mo. 3 Viguiera cabrerae H.Robinson, Holotyoe, United States National Herbarium. 1977 Robinson, Genus Viguiera Viguiera cabrerae, enlargement of heads. a5 ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS VERBENA. XXV Harold N. Moldenke VERBENA HALEI Small Additional synonymy: Verbena halii Small ex Moldenke, Phytolo- gia 36% lites in Syn. 1977. Additional & emended bibliography: Loes., Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 53: 7h. 19125 G. W. Thomas, Tex. Pl. Ecolog. Summ. 78. 1969; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. l, 717 (1969) and imp. 2, 717. 1974; [Bard], Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 102: 431. 1975; E. H. Jordan, Checklist Organ Pipe Cact. Natl. Mon. 7. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 142-143 & 159 (1975) and 31: 375, 377, & 378. 1975; Perkins, Estes, & Thorp, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 102: 194-198. 1975; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 61: AC1.732. 19763 Hurd & Lindl., Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 220: 10. 19763 Ziegler & Sohmer, Contrib. Herb. Univ. Wisc. LaCrosse 13: 16. 19763 Moldenke, Phytologia 34: 20, 250, 251, 270, & 279 (1976) and 3%: 47, 128, rk 135, 143, 152, & 157. 1977; A. L. Moldenke, Phytologia %: 7. 1977. Lewis and his associates encountered this plant along a stream side in Coahuila. Demaree reports it as "common" on low ridges, at 670 feet altitude, in Texas. The Ellisons assert that it was "abundant in local population in full sun in sandy soil with V. brasiliensis, no hybridization evident", the corolla "bluish- lavender". Other recent collectors refer to this plant as an upright per ennial herb, 2 feet tall, and have encountered it in old rice fields, in sandy soil along roadsides, in open dry gravelly soils on railroad embankments, in "nearly level stiff or buckshot soils", on the river side of levees, in sandy dry open areas, and in "nearly level to gently sloping front lands", at 375 meters altitude. Brown refers to it as common on road shoulders in marshess Allen found it abundant in open areas with V. tenuisecta and Cynodon; Montz reports it infrequent on levee spillways with Ambrosia; and Bougere found it "not abundant, in small compact patches on roadsides". Ajour found it "abundant in very dry soil in shade with a lot of sedges and grasses", The corollas are said to have been "deep=blue" on Ajour ll, "lavender" on Bougere 1087, Correll & Johnston 22127, and Luke 8.n., "blue* on Allen & 990, and Correll & Correll 1221, “purple” on Curry, Martin, & Allen 437, and "purple to lavender" on Killmer 35. Wendt and his associates found it growing "in sa- line and probably gypsiferous fine alluvial soil in matorral des- értico inerme y con espinos laterales with fine mineralized allu- vial soil in bajada", growing with Prosopis glandulosa, Koeber= linia spinosa, Condalia, lycium, and Selinocarpus. Eger reports it common "in full sun in sandy soil of pine woods with Oxalis, Aster, and Lobelia". Higgins found it among "mixed grassland 216 L9TT Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 27 shrubs with mesquite and oak predominating". Brown & McFarlin note that there are "no appendages on the an thers". Mrs. Jordan (1975) calls the species "Hale's vervain". Perkins and his associates (1975) inform us that V. halei is highly autogamous (like V, urticifolia), the mmber, frequency, and pollen-carrying ability of insect vectors favor crosses of V. stricta Vent. with V. urticifolia L. and V. halei. They found that 12 plants of V, halei which were insect-visited and with 162 potential seeds had a 68 percent seed-set, while 15 bagged plants with only 391 potential seeds had a 5.5 percent seed=-set. They found that the anthers and stigmas in V. halei are less than 1 m. apart and the corolla-tube is straight, the plants are short (25-- 70 cm. tall) with an inflorescence of 10—58 branches (mean 26.h), each with only 2 flowers about 3.); mm. apart at anthesis, and ob- served the following insects visiting the flowers: Diptera: Allo- grapta sp., Baccha sp. (with Verbena pollen on head), Systropus sp. (with pollen or head), and Villa sp.; Hymenoptera: Calliopsis andreniformis, Ceratina sp. (with pollen on head), Augochlorella striata, and Megachile | sp. (with pollen on head); and ieee: Heniargus isola, Phycoides phaon (with pollen on head), and St: mon melinus. Loesener (1912) cites Seler 3460 as "V. officinalis L. forma?" from Atascosa County, Texas. The C. M. Allen 1179, distributed as V. halei, is the type collection of f xV. al alleni Moldenke, while Ellis, “TeDoux, & Watkins 964 is V. canescens H.B.K. ~—"Kdditdional citations: SOUTH CAROLINA: Aiken Co.: Ellison & El~ lison 1010 (Sd—77h88). GEORGIA: Sumter Co.: Moldenke & Molden ke 2931 (Ld). FLORIDA: Levy Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 29hh) (Id) . LOUISIANA: Acadia Par.: D. E. Ellis 58 ee Allen Par.: Eger 1 (Ld). Bossier Par.: Robinette 1k7 (Lv), (Lv). Calcasieu Par. J. A. Churchill s.n. [2 May Soe 9); Wurzlow s.n. (Sept. ie, 1 1917] (Lv). Cameron Par.: C, A. Brown 9271 (Lv). East Baton Rouge Par.: C. A. Brown 1156 (Lv), s.n. [April 20, 1935) (Lv); Brown & McFarlin n 2118 118 (Mi); | N.F. Petersen gen. [May 7, 1909] (Lv, Lv). Jefferson Davis Par.: D. Dickinson s.n. [June 8, 1918] (Lv). Lafayette Par.: Claycomb s.n. . (April 15, 1943) (Lv). Lincoln Par.: Thomas & Gremillion 2487 ey Ouachita Par.: Pick- ett & Bot. Bot. Class 50 3 50 (Le). “Plaquemines Par.: V. Keller s.n. [Aug. 2h, 1917] (Lv, Lv). Pointe Coupee Par.: M. Chaney 399 (Lv). Saint Charles Par.: Montz 3089 (Lv). Saint Helena Par.: Ge a: = len 675 (Lv), 990 (Lv). Saint Mary Par.: Bynum am, sen. [Apr. 18, 1933] (Lv). Saint Tammany = $ "Arséne ne Lone =) ; Boug ere 1087 (Ly), 1096 (Lv). Tangipahoa Par.s Correll & Correll Lv). Terrebonne Par.: Wurzlow s.n. (May 1, 1912) (Lv). Ver ito Par.: C. A. Brown 18279 (Lv), 21h09 (Lv); Killmer 35 (Lv). Vernon Par.: Turba BN. gen. (April 22, 1935] (Lv). West fest Feliciana Par.t Curry, Martin, & Allen 1,37 (Lv). TEXAS: Austin Co.: Worzlow 218 P BLY tO) G0 Gtk Vol. 36, no. 3 s.n. [1905] (Lv). Bowie Co.: Correll & Correll 12421 (Mi). Bra- zoe Co. Ajour 11 (N). Cameron Co.: R. Runyon 857 (Mu). Comal Co.: Charette 81), (Mm); Lindheimer 1076 (Mu—l089). Galveston Co.: Lindheimer s.n. (Galveston, May 183] (Mu—354). Harris Co.: Luke s.n. [2 April 1972) (Lv). Orange Co.: J, A. Churchill s.n. TT May 1955] (Ln—20h154). San Patricio Co.t R. Runyon 4720 (iu). Tarrant Co.: Demaree 6828) (Ld). Wichita Co.: L. C. Higgins 10022 (N). Young Co. Correll & Johnston 22127 (N). MEXICO: Coahmila:— Lewis, Lehto, Keil, Meyer, LeBounty, & Pinkava 5876 (Te——68563) 3 Wendt, Chiang C., & Johnston 1017 (Ld). CULTIVATED: Missouri: Prince Paul of Wurttemberg s.n. [Hort. Mergentheim] (Mu-~1573). VERBENA HALEI f. PARVIFLORA Moldenke, Phytologia 3h: 20. 1976. Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3h: 20 & 251. 1976. Citations: TEXAS: Galveston Island: Johnston, Johnston, Saus- trup, Darr, & Darr 12h36a (Ac—isotype, Z—type) . VERBENA HALEI f. ROSEIFLORA (Benke) Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 213 & 362. 197k. VERBENA HASSLERANA Brig. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 143. 1975. Pedersen comments that this species is found in moist meadows, on the banks of small streams, and elsewhere in Corrientes. He found it in flower and fruit in January, and the corollas on Pedersen 988 are described as having been "lilac" in color when fresh. Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Corrientes: Pedersen 988 (N). VERBENA HASSLERANA var. GLANDULOSA Moldenke ee bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 351 & 6k. 197h. VERBENA HASTATA L. Additional synonymy: Verbena pinnatifida Ph. ex G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 247. 1830. Verbena laciniosa Schwae- gr. ex Moldenke, Phytologia 3h: 279, in syn. 1976. Verbena iculata L. ex Moldenke, Phytologia 3h: 279, in syn. 1976. Ver bena hastata ver.paniculata Lam. ex Moldenke, Phytologia 3h: 279, in Syne 1976. Additional & emended bibliography: G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 2h6 & 2h7 (1830) and ed. 2, 2h6 & 27. 18323 Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 552. 18323 G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 2h6 & 2h7. 1839; Baek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candol. 3: 195. 18583 Paine, Ann. Rep. Univ. N. Y. 18: (Pl. Oneida Co.] 109. 1865; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 510. 18915 Conard, Pl. Iowa hh. 1951; R. A. Davidson, State Univ. Iowa Stud. Nat. Hist. 20 (2): 77. 19593 Hall & Thompson, Cranbrook Inst. Sci. Bull. 39: 7h. 19593 Cooper 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 219 rider, State Univ. Iowa Stud. Nat. Hist. 20 (5): 70. 19623 P. W.. Thompson, Cranbrook Inst. Sci. Bull. 52: 37. 19675 Barker, Univ. Kans, Soi. Bull. 48: 571. 19693 G. W. Thomas, Tex. Pl. Ecolog. Summ. 78. 1969; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 1, 717. 19695 Rimpler, Lloydia 33: 491. 19703 Scully, Treas. Am. Ind. Herbs 283. 1970; Anon., Bioresearch Ind. 7: 1061, 19713 Ellison, Kingsbury, & Hyypio, Comm. Wild Fls. N. Y. (Cornell Ext. Bull. 990:] 19. 19733 Hathaway & Ramsey, Castanea 38: 77. 19733 A. & C. Krochmal, Guide Medic. Pl. U. S. 229--230, 2h6, 257, & 258, fig. 259. 19733 Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 2, 717. 197hj El-Gaszar, Egypt. Journ. Bot. 17: 75 & 78. 197k; Re D. Gibbs, Chemotax. Flow. Pl. 3: 1753--1755 (197) and kh: 2295. 197k; Mrs. P. Martin, Am. Horticul- turist 53 (5): 33. 197k; Rousseau, Géogr. Florist. Qué. (Trav. Doc. Cent. Stud. Nord 7:] 376, 473, 502, 550, 643, & 788, map 826. 197k; Stark, Am. Horticulturist 53 (5): 11. 197k; Welsh, Uteh Pl., ed. 3, 354 & 473. 197k; Whitney in Foley, Herbs Use & Delight {198}. 197k; D. S. & He B. Correll, Aquat. & Wetland Pl. SW. U. S., imp. 2, 2: 1396, [1398], 1399, & 1775, fig. 654 g—k. 19753 Kooi- man, Act. Bot. Neerl. 2h: h6h. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 143+ 148 & 17h (1975) and 31: 37h, 376——378, & 09. 1975; A. L. Molden- ke, Phytologia 31: 415. 1975; United Commnications (Woodmere, N. Y.§, Herbal Visual & Study Chart n.p. 1975; H. D. Wils., Vasc. Pl. Holmes Co. Cat. 5k. 1975; Grimé, Bot. Black Amer, 191. 1976; La- coursiére, Pontbriand, & Dumas, Naturl. Canad. 103: 17h. 19763 Moldenke, Phytologia 3h: 247-251, 270, & 279. 1976; Van Bruggen, Vasc. Pl. S. Dak. %9 & 536. 1976; [Voss], Mich. Bot. 15: 237. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia %: 28, 29, 47, & 126. 1977; F. H. Montgomery, Seeds & Fruits 201, fig. 6, & 230. 1977; Taylor & Mac Bryde, Vasc. Pl. Brit. Col. 36 & 751. 1977. Additional illustrations: Ellison, Kingsbury, & Hyypio, Comm. Wild Fls. N. Y. (Cornell Ext. Bull. 990:] 19. 19733 A. & C. Kroch- mal, Guide Medic. Pl. U. S. 230, fig. 259. 19735 D. S. & H. B. Correll, Aquat. & Wetland Pl. SW. U. S., imp. 2, 2: [1398], fig. 65h g-—k. 1975; F. H. Montgomery, Seeds & Fruits 201, fig. 6. 1977. Montgomery (1977) describes the seeds of this species as "Nut- lets 2.0 x 0.6 x 0.5 mm, similar to the previous species [V. bracteata], margins ridged, dorsal surface longitudinally 3—5- ribbed on the lower half and reticulate near the apex, inner faces papillose". Wilson (1975) reports V. hastata frequent on streambanks and in low pastures and marshes in Holmes County, Ohio. Other recent collectors have found it on the shingle shores of lakes, in mck soil along drainage ditches, on prairies, by lakes with peat bogs along the shores, in meadows and ditches, on floodplains and open pond banks, in marshy land, and on gravel bars and rocky ground along creeks. The corolla is said to have been "deep-purple” on W. D. Stevens 1633 and this collection also exhibits perfectly hastate leaves. On Correll & Correll 3003) the corolla was "lavender" and on Blake 220 POH TsO. L6O:Gs a Vol. 36, mo. 3 11178 it was "violet~purple". ~~ Hathaway & Ramsey (1973) record V. hastata from Pittsylvania County, Virginia. Churchill & Sutherland encountered it "in marshy banks of small pond depressions in cultivated fields with Salix, Corms, Scirpus, and Asclepias in Otee County, Nebraska. Thompson (1967) records it from Leelenau County, Michigan, noting that it grows there "along roadsides and in meadows. Common"; Hall & Thompson (1959) found it in Oakland County in the same state. Cooperrider (1962) reports it "frequent.....Marshy places; stream banks; wet ditches" in Clinton and Jones Counties, Iowa. Davidson (1959) says that it is common "Usually in wet to moist open places, occasionally in upland woods and openings....Plants of dry soil, not recognizable as hybrids, differ considerably from those found in moist situations, those from the dry places being smaller with less incised leaves and more sparingly branched inflorescences." This is a very valid comment and I have frequently observed these differences, too, among others, in the field. I think that the dryland plants showing these characters deserve a form name. Barker (1969) refers to V. hastata as "Occasional, along prairie drainage areas, in low prairie canyons, along margins of impoundments and streams, Occurs throughout the area [Kansas] ." Stark (1974) asserts that it is usually found in "rich soils with high hums levels" and a pH level of 6.0, while Martin (197k) recommends it for "most open garden in sun with pH of 5--6.5". Taylor & MacBryde (1977) classify the corolla-color as "blue and violet" and gives its normal blooming period as June to September in British Columbia, where it is certainly var. scabra to which they are referring. Don (1830) calls V. paniculata the "panicled vervain" and says that it was introduced into English gardens from "N. Amer." in 1800; he calls V. hastata, which he keeps as a separate species, the "halberd-leaved vervain" and gives its date of introduction from "Canada" as 1710, while he says that what he calls V. pinnat- ifida, the "pinnatifid vervain", came from "N. Amer." in 1810. Curiously, he places V. paniculata in his section Indivisae and the other two in section Trifidae. Verbena laciniosa is based on an ummmmbered collection from the Schwaegrichen herbarium now deposited in the herbarium of the Staatssammlung at Munich. The plant was originally cultivated in the Leipzig botanical garden and exhibits remarkably laciniate- lobed leaves. Probably it is deserving of form rank. It should also be noted here that very plainly hastate leaves are seen on the Herb. Schreber s.n. (Hort. Erl. 1770] & s.n. [Insul. Bahamen- sis] spec specimens cited be below, clearly showing why 1 Linnaeus applied the epithet “hastata" to this species and also showing Farwell's reason for separating the commonly found form of the species as var. paniculata. Personally, I feel that form rank would be more justified. Rimpler (1970) reports the isolation of a new iridoid, hasta- toside, from V. hastata. Gibbs (197) reports that cyanogenesis 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 221 is absent in the shoots of this species, leucoanthocyanin is ab-. sent from the leaves, and syringin is absent from the stems, while the Ehrlich test gives negative results in the leaves and the Juglone test is negative in the stems and leaves but produces a blue fluorescence. Scully (1970) reports that the Amerinds of North America used "vervain" in the treatment of colds and quite commonly against dropsy, with or without milkweed and decocted cottonwood leaves. Against jaundice they used it as a decoction alone or with any of the following where available: cinquefoil, parsley, oregon-grape, nettle-root, or columbine. Mixed with fat, it was used in treat- ing swelling or hardening of the testicles, especially if acconm- panied by pain. As an infusion for quieting the nerves, a sponge bath and tea of verbena leaves is still used today among some tribes; for scurvy an infusion alone or mixed with wormwood or birch leaves is used. It is drunk as a tea in cases of smallpox to mitigate the suffering; as a tea also for sore throat and in- testinal worms, especially in children. But Scully points out that in almost all cases vervain was not the first choice ef possible medications, It is probable that several species of the genus are involved here. Material of V. hastata has been misidentified and distributed in various herbaria a3 "V. hasta L." On the other hand, the Bres- insky s.n. (Lafayette, 12.7.1967], Correll & Correll 398hh, Gilkey sen. [July 11, 1945), Higgins 9712 566, A. R. Moldenke 1297, E. L. Reed 103k, Tharp 450), Woedcox 55, and York : & Rodgers Rodgers 363, distributed as ‘as typical ve. hastata, ata, actenlly represent var. scabra Moldenke, Herb. Zuccaring s.n. (Hort. bot, Monac.] is a mixture of xv. baileyana Moldenke and ¥V. officinalis L.; Chandra~ 2 and K irby 160 160 are vy. brasiliensis Vell .; Cc. A. Brown 8.n Bele (Sept. 30, 1936] is sv. canadensis (L.) Britton; Engelmann S.De {Banks of the Mississippi, July 182] and Herb. Staatsherb. = Mtinch. gen. (Hort. Bot. Monac. 28.7.53] are x¥. engelmannii Moldenke; Dtis, Bell, Melchert, Patman, & Witt 12361 is xV. perriana Mol- denke; Hillebrand 1863 is Ve is V. robusta | Greens; Meebold 19175 is Y. simplex Lehm.; Herb. Kummer | s.n. (Mississippi) is V. urticifolia L.j and Schroer 71 is V. mtha Lehn. Additional citations: MAINE: York Co.: F. T. Hubbard s.n. (VIII/15/1901] (Ld). VERMONT: Grand Isle Co.: Moldenke & Molden- ke 31103 (Ac, Ld). Lamoille Co.: Moldenke & sone 31100 (Gz). MASSACHUSETTS: Hampshire Co.: Ahles T1872 (Mu). rfolk Co.! Blake 11178 (Ld). NEW YORK: Monroe Co.: | H, Ernst ae (Mu). Os- wego Co.t Moldenke & Moldenke 31132 (Id). Schuyler Co.: J. A. Churchill s.n, [23 August 1937] (Ln—213612); Moldenke & Moldenke (Ta). Yates Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke Se (Lv). NEW JER- SEY: Morris Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 25633 (Ld » la). County un- determined: Hillebrand s.n. (im). PENNSYLVANIA: Berks Co.: Herb. Zuccarini s.n. [Reading] (ifu-321). Bucks Co.: Mayer s.n. (Qua= 222 P R6oYe TO L0-GsTva Vol. 3, no. 3 kertown, Aug. '76) (Mu). Lycoming Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 311) (Mu, Ut). Monroe Co.t Swinerton s.n. [Pocono Mts., Aug. 1696] (Mu). Northampton Co.: Herb. Schreber s.n. [Bethlehem] (Mu--316), s.n. [Nazareth] (Mu--317). Tioga Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 31139 (W). Union Co.t Moldenke & Moldenke 31150 (Lv, Tu, W, Ws). Coun~ ty undetermined: Schweinitz sen. (Mu--1257). ILLINOIS: Cass Co.t er son. [Beardstowm, July 182] (Mu-~32h, Mu--362, Mu--1676). Cook Co.3 Solereder sen. (Chicago, Aug. 1893] (Ma—bi0) « OHIO: Auglaize Co.: Purpus , 22 (Mu). MICHIGAN: Alger Co.: J. A. Church ill s.n. [9 July Ty 196h] (Ln—20)262). Branch Co.: W. D. Stevens 1633 (In—237063). Ingham Co.: R. D. Bradbury 32 (In--161013). Macomb Co.: Je A. Churchill SN. [2h July 195k) ” (Ln==-203h31) « Otsego Co.: Bresins Bee isky son. [Hardwood Lake] (Mu). Wayne Co.: Far- well 861 1/2 (Mu); G. Stewart s.n. [Aug. 1898] (Ln—1)2)28, in 12430). WISCONSIN: LaCrosse Co.: Demaske 2220 (Ld). MINNESOTA: Hennepin Co.: Sandberg 152 [36] (Ma). KANSAS: Lyon Co.: J. Le Watson 7 (Le). MISSOURI: Clark Co.: E. J. Palmer 43737 (Id). Saint Louis: Eggert 7558 (Mu); Mublenbach 1035 (Mu). County um determined: Martens s.n. (Mu-—-322). NEBR NEBRASKA: Otoe Co.: Church- 411 & Sutherland 3945 (N). OKLAHOMA: Muskogee Co.: Wallis 7728 (Au--170667). Sequoyah Co.: Wallis 5557 7 (Au=-1693K1). TEXAS: Hemphill Co.: Correll & Correll 11 3003h (Ld). CULTIVATED: Bahama Islands: Herb. - Schreber Son. 3.n. [Insul. Bahamensis] (Mu—315) . Eng= lands Herb, Gr Grimm s.n. (H. Kew.] (Mu--31h). France: Thouin s.n. (Hort. Paris.] (MMu--355, Mu-~356). Germany: Herb. Schreber Sone (Hort. Erl. 1770) (Mu--319); Herb. Schwaegrichen s.n. (Hort. Lip- siensis] (Mu—1365); Herb. Zuccarini s.n. (h. b. EB.) pa SNe {Hort. bot. Monac.] (Mu—357 9 Mu-~358). LOCALITY OF COLLEC- TION UNDETERMINED: Herb. Grima gen. (Mu--1255); Herb. Mus. Bot. Landishuth. s.n. (Mu=320); Herb. R Reg. Monac. 8.n. ne (iu-—313)5 Herb. Schreber 1 17 (Mu-—318); Herb Herb. Schwasgrichen sn. Sen. (Mue-=1256) 3 Hooker Bee sen. [United States] (Mu—320). VERBENA HASTATA f. ALBIFLORA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 217 (197h) and 30: 176. 1975. VERBENA HASTATA f. CAERULEA Moldenke Additional synonymy: Verbena americana, urticae foliis an- gustioribus, flore coeruleo P. Herm., Hort. Acad. Lugd.—Bat. Cat. 699. 1687. V Verbena americana urticae foliis tioribus spica maltiplici flore caeruleo P. Herm., Fl. Lugd.-Bat. 5j—55. 1690. Verbena urticae fol. ang angustiore flore coerul. Herb. ex Rivin., Introd. Gen. Rem Herb. Ord. Pl. Irreg. Menor (2h), pl. [57]. 1690. Verbena altissima americana spica mltiplici urticae foliis angus’ angustis, floribus us caeruleis P. Herm., Parad. Bat., 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 223 ed. 1, 242. 1698. Verbena americana urticae foliis angustioribus, flore caeruleo Moris., Pl. Hist. Univ. Oxon. 3: "08" [#18]. 1699. Verbena altissima americana, spica miltiplici, urticae foliis angustis, floribus coeruleis Herm. apud Ray, Hist. Plant. 3: Suppl. 286. 170). Verbena altissima americana spica mltiplici, urticae foliis angustis, floribus coeruleis P. Herm., Parad. Bat., ed. 2, 242.1705. Verbena; americana; altissima; urticae foliis angustioribus; spicis brevioribus; floribus caeruleis Herm. apud Boerh., Ind. Alt. Plant. Hort. Acad. Lugd., ed. 2, 1: 186. 1720. Verbena americana altissima, urticae foliis angustioribus, spicis brevibus. floribus caeruleis Boerh. apud L., Hort. Cliff., imp. l, Ti, in syn. 1737. Verbena americana altissima, urticae foliis angustioribus, spicis brevioribus, floris caeruleis Boerh. apud A. van Toyen, Fl. Leyd. Prod. 327, in syn. 1740. Verbena americana altissima, spica mitiplici, urticae foliis angustis, floribus caeruleis Ray apud L., Hort. Ups. 8, in syn. 178. Verbena ameri- cana altissima, spici mitiplici, urticaefoliis angustis, floribus caeruleis Herm. ex L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, imp. 1, 1: 20, in syn. 1753. Verbena americana altissima, spica multiplici, urticae foliis angustis, floribus coeruleis Ray apud J. F. Gronov., Fl. Virg., ed. 2, h, in syn. 1762. Verbena americana, altissima, spic&i multiplici, urticaefoliis angustis, floribus caeruleis Herm. apud Poir. in Lam., Encycl., Méth. Bot. 8: 5h6, in syn. 1808. Verbena americana altiss., spica mitipl., urticae fol. angustis, fl. coeruleis Herm. apud H. E. Richter, Cod. Bet. Linn. 35, in syn. 1835. Verbena amer. urticae fol. angustiorib., fl. caeruleo Mor is apud H. E. Richter, Cod. Bot. Linn. 35, in syn. 1835. Verbena americana, spica multiplici, foliis urticae stissimis floribus caeruleis Herm, ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. l: 1h, in syn. 1962. Additional bibliography: L., Hort. Cliff., imp. 1, 10 (1737) and imp. 2, 11. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 26: 217, 426, & h27 (197k) and 31: 09. 1975. VERBENA HASTATA f. ROSEA Cheney Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 352, 451, 6h, & 65. 197k. VERBENA HASTATA var. SCABRA Moldenke Additional bibliography: D. S. & H. B. Correll, Aquat. & Wet- land Pl. SW. U. S., imp. 2, 2: 1396, 1399, & 1775. 19753 A. L. Moldenke, Phytologia 31: 415. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 16— 1:8 (1975), 31: 37h & 376—378 (1975), and 34: 248—251. 1976. Recent collectors have encountered this plant in moist soil, moist sandy loam, and moist loam at seeping springs in open grassland, at the edge of ponds, in Populus~Prosopis-Tamarix com- munities, and in the drier areas of bogs (as the typical form), 22h J gil b> Gece el 6 Rel de aga Sur Vol. 36, no. 3 but also in "badly .overgrazed pastures" (as the field form) — in fact, it has been described by some as a "weed in horse pastures", a typical field form habitat. In addition to the months previously reported, it has been found in flower in October and at 600 feet altitude (in Utah). Crutchfield reports it attaining a height of 6 feet (like the typical form and unlike the usual "field form". Material has some- times been misidentified and distributed in herbaria as V. stricta Vent. and as "V. hasta L." The corollas are said to have been "purple" on Crutchfield 3525 and "deep—purple" on Crutchfield 3551 when fresh, as in the typi- cal forn. The Spellenberg & Spellenberg 2082 2082, eet as V. hastata var. scabra, actually is Ve mac macdougali i Heller. Additional citations: INDIANA: Tippecanoe Co.: insky 8-D. [Lafayette, 12.7.1967] (Mu). KANSAS: Duckinson pe a R. Molden~ ke 1297 (Ld). UTAH: Utah Co.: Woodcox 55 (Au--122283). NEBRASKA: Pierce | Co.3 Ne F. Petersen SNe {aug. 10, 1910] (Lv, Lv). OKLAHO= MA: Ottawa Co.: Correll & Correll 3 8h (Ld) . TEXAS: Hemphill Co.: Crutchfield 3525 (Ld); E. L. Reed ah (Au—-122282); Tharp 450) (Au—122281). Hutchinson Co.: Crutchfield 3 3551 (1d). Oldham Co.: York & Rodgers 363 (Au—-201798). Potter Co.: Higgins 9712 (N). ARIZONA: Coconino no Co.t MacDougal 566 566 (Au-~122291). WASHINGTON: Yakima Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 2123 (La). OREGON: Multnomah Co.: Gilkey s.n, [July 31, 1945] (Au~122290). VERBENA HATSCHBACHI Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 352. 197h. The corollas are ea to have been "violet" in color when fresh on Hatschbach 8 558. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Paran&: Hatschbach 8558 [Herb. Brad. 15182] (Mu). VERBENA HAYEKII Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 218 & 252. 197k; Soukup, Biota 11: 18. 1976. Richardson refers to this as a scattered prostrate plant in the rocky soil of roadsides, and the corollas on Richardson 2066 are said to have been "blue". Additional citations: PERU: Junfn: Richardson 2066 (Ld). VERBENA HERTERI Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 352. 197k. Additional citations: URUGUAY: Herter 979 (Herb. Herter 82378] (Mu--isotype) . VERBENA HIRTA Spreng. Additional bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 495. a aS Phytologia 28: 352 (197k), 33: 480 (1976) and 3k: 259. 197 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 225 Recent collectors have encountered this plant in secondary forests on laterite soil, on campos, in open scrub, in ruderal grasslands, and among ruderal vegetation on hills, flowering and fruiting in May, October, and November. Araujo refers to it as a heliophilous herb "crescendo em pasto a beira do precipicio". The Tryons describe it as "woody at base, 0.5 m. tall". The corollas are a to have been "lilac" on Dziewa 3, Ferreira 97, and Kum & 1049, "blue-purple" on Tryon & Tryon 6713, "blue-purple om, 8)" on Lindeman & Haas 5137, "purple" on Lindeman & Haas "ourple (2 1/2 P6/6" on . Lindeman & Haas 008, "purple (2 1 1/2 P6/8)" on Lindeman & Haas 18, "purple purple (2 1/2 P7 6" on Lindeman & Haas 2bbb, "purple, “tube slightly paler (2 1/2 PS/8-6/h,)" on on Lindeman & Haas 2460, and "red" on Araujo 1262. ~~ On Lin Lindeman & Haas 2460 the entire plant is pronouncedly cinna- mon-colored, but this is is probably an effect produced by a layer of dust from its roadside habitat. The Dusén s.n. [11.12.903] and Smith & Klein 13885, distributed as and previously cited by me as typical | V. hir hirta, are better re- garded as representing var. dusenii Moldenke, of 1 of which the former is the type collection, Additional citations: BRAZIL: Parand: Dziewa 3 (Ld); L. F. Fer- reira 97 (Ld); Kummrow 6h6 (Ac), 1049 (Ld), 1123 (Ld); Lindeman & Haas Haas 18 (Ws), 300 (Ac), “2h (Ut—32027), 2460 (Ut—320)16), 008 (Ia). Rio de Janeiro: Angeli 107 (Herb. FEEMA 345] (Ld); A. Cas- tellanos s.n. [3.XII.196h; Herb. FEEMA 7165) (Ld); Dusén s.n. foct. 1903] (Mu—-251); Lindeman & Haas 5137 (Ut—32028); Tryon & Tryon 6713 (N). Rio Grande do Sul: Araujo 1262 [Herb. FEEMA 12280] (Pf). Santa Catarina: A, Castellanos 21,675 [Herb. Cent. Pesq. Florest. 3417] (Fe). State undetermined: J. E. Pohl s.n. (Mu—-571). VERBENA HIRTA var. DUSENII Moldenke, Phytologia 33: 480. 1976. oor ae mae Moldenke, Phytologia 33: 480 (1976) and 3k: 259. 1976. Collectors have found this plant growing on campos, on campos near the borders of planaltos, and in low woods, at 900—1000 a. altitude, flowering in November and December. Hitherto it has been confused with, and material has been distributed as, typical V. hirta Spreng. Citations: BRAZIL: Parandé: Dusén sen. (11.12.903] (Ne=type); Lindeman & Haas 3251d (Ut—320)1 415). Santa Catarina: Smith & Klein 13885 (Ac, N). VERBENA HIRTA var. GRACILIS Dusén Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 352. 197k. In addition to the months previously reported, this plant has been found in fruit in October. The corollas are said to have been "dark-lilac" on Hatschbach 35191. The Reitz & Klein 17616 previously cited by me and distributed 226 We ah PS A ee a | Vol. 36, no. 3 as this variety actually is V. strigosa Cham. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Paran&: Hatschbach 35191 (Ld). VERBENA HISPIDA Rufz & Pav. Additional & emended bibliography: G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 2h7 (1830) and ed. 25 2h7. 1832; G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit. Suppl. 1: 680. 18323 Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 25 552. 18325 Baxt. in Loud., Hort. Brit. Suppl. 2: 680. 18393 G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 247. 18393 Baxt. in Loud., Hort. Brit. Suppl. [3]: 655. 1850; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 9h & 495. 1858; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 1, 717 (1969) and imp. 2, 717. 197k; R. D. Gibbs, Chemotax. Flow. Pl. 3: 1753-1755 (197k) and kh: 2295. 197k; Kooiman, Act. Bot. Neerl. 2h: 64. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 148. 1975; Soukup, Biota ll: 18. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 33 & 151. 1977. Don (18305 calle this the "hispid vervain" and says that it was introduced into English gardens from Peru in 1816. The corollas are described as having been "violet" in color when fresh on Kra- povickas, Schinini, & Quarin 26557. Lépez-Palacios describes the plant as "hierba rastrera de héjas sésiles y muy pilosas, espigas cilindricas y relativamente engrosadas". Gibbs (197k) reports that cyanogenesis and leucoanthocyanin are absent from the leaves of this species and syringin is absent from the stems, while the Juglone test gives negative results in the leaves and bark. The Pedersen 9867, cited below, collected in clay soil along roadsides in the Chaco, is said by Troncoso perhaps to be xV. der- meni Moldenke, but I fail te diseern the hybrid characters in the specimen cited. The Pavon collection cited below may be part of the type collection. The Herb. Kummer s.n. (Hort. bot. Monac.] is a mixture with V. rigida Spreng. The Buchtien s.n. [Valdivia, 7/11/1902], distributed as V. his- pida, actually is V. bonariensis L., while W. Forster s.n. (8.1. 1954] is V. parvula Hayek. Additional citations: ECUADOR: Loja: Lépez-Palacios 163 (Ld). PERU: Province undetermined: Pavon s.n. (Mu--1257). BOLIVIA: La Pag: 0. Buchtien 8426 (Mu). CHILE: Valpariso: Zoliner 8100 (Gz). ARGENTINA: Chaco: Pedersen 9867 (N). Jujuy: Cabrera, Ancibor, Ré, Tello, & Torres 15080 (Mu); Krapovickas, Schinini, & Quarfn 26557 (Ld). Mendoza: Semper s.n. (12-18/111/9kh] (Ut—330561B). CULTI- VATED: Germany: Herb. Kummer-s.n. [Hort. bot. Monac.] (Mu-—-1276); Herb. Zuccarini s.n. [Hort. bot. Monac. 1836] (Mu—326), sen. ak bot. Monac. 1837] (Mu--284), s.n. (Hort. bot. Monac.] (Mu-- 325). VERBENA HOOKERIANA (Covas & Schnack) Moldenke Additional & emended bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Can= doll. 3: 9h. 1858; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 1, 715 & 717 (1969) and imp. 2, 715 & 717. 197h3 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 227 Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 148 (1975) and 36: 149. 1977. The corollas on Lossen 8 are said to have been "violet" in color when fresh. Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Cérdoba: Lossen 8 (Mu—l370). Rio Negro: O'Donell 1553 (Ut—330530B, Ut——3 3071). VERBENA HUMIFUSA Cham. Additional bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 495. 1858; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 353. 197). Reineck & Czermak 21 is a mixture with V. marrubioides Cham. Additional & emended citations: BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul: Reineck & Czermak 21, in part [Herb. Osten 160] (Mu, N, N—photo, Po—-6387, Po--63876, S, Ug). xVERBENA HYBRIDA Voss in Vilm., Fl. Pleine Terr., ed. 1, 936. 1865 [not V. hybrida Bicknell, 191). Additional & emended synonymy: Verbena hybrida Vossler apud Lépez—Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andes 15: 89. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 149, in syn. 1975. Glandularia hybrida (Vossl.) Lépez-Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andes 15: 89. 1975. Verbena genii Hort. ex Moldenke, Phytologia 3h: 279, in syne 1976. Additional & emended bibliography: Vilm., Fl. Pleine Terr., ed. 1, 939—9h2 (1865), ed. 2, 976—--979 (1866), and ed. 3, 1: 1200— 1203. 1870; Vilm., Fl. Pleine Terr. Suppl. 195. 1383; Cooke, Fl. Presid. Bombay, ed. 1, 3: 437. 19063 Knoche, Fl. Balear., imp. 1, 1: 59. 1921; Wangerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 6 (1): 717. 1926; A.W. Anderson, How We Got Fls., imp. 1, 90 & 283. 19513; Conard, Pl. Iowa hh). 1951; Cooke, Fl. Presid. Bombay, ed. 2, imp. 1, 517- 518. 1958; A. W. Anderson, How We Got Fls., imp. 2, 90 & 283. 19663; Cooke, Fl. Presid. Bombay, ed. 2, imp. 2, 2: 517518. 1967; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 1, 717. 1969; G. W. Thomas, Tex. Pl. Ecolog. Summ. 78. 1969; R. E. Harrison, Handb. Bulbs & Peren. S. Hemisph., ed. 3, 266—267. 1971; Healy, Gard. Guide Pl. Names 225. 19723 Williamson, Sunset West. Gard. Book, imp. 11, 437. 1973; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Ple, imp. 25 TEs 197h; Knoche, ris Balear., imp. 2, 1: 59. 197); Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.26: 5. 1975; Kooiman, Act. Bot. Neerl. 2h: 464. 1975; Lépez-Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andes 15: 89. 1975; Moldenke, Phyto~ logia 30: 148-151 & 163 (1975), 31: 398 & hlO—12 (1975), and 34: 263, 270, & 279. 1976; Park Seed Co., Park Seeds Fle. & Veg. 1976: 63 & 90. 1976; Soukup, Biota 11: 18. 19763 Moldenke, Phyto- logia 3%: O & 140. 1977. Additional illustrations: Voss in Vilm., Fl. Pleine Terr., ed 3, 1: 1200 & 1201. 1870; R. E. Harrison, Handb. Bulbs & Peren. S. Hemisph., ed. 3, 267. 1971; Park Seed Co., Park Seeds Fls. & Veg. 1976: 90 (in color). 1976. Misra (1970) makes the remarkable statement that xV. hybrida is a "Weed in shade" in Bihar, India, but Mukherjee also says of 228 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 36, no. 3 it: "anrmmal herb of waste places" in West Bengal. It would be interesting to know what cultivars are involved here and if they are breeding true or reverting to one of the several ancestral species. Blakeslee (1926) discusses the observed unlike reactions of different human individuals to the fragrance in Verbena flowers. Lépez~Palacios (1975), who found the red-flowered cultivar in cultivation at 1600 m. altitude in Ecuador and who credits the name to Vossler instead of to Voss, comments that "Esta hermosa planta jard4nica est4 extendida por todo el territorio nacional [Venesue- la]. Schauer, al hablar de la V. peruviana, de la que proceden las razas de flores rojas de la V. hybrida, dice: 'Planta floribus mag- nis splendide scarlatines maxime spectabilis, hortorum europeorum nunc tamen eximium decus.....eleganti colorum et foliorum varietate excelentes," Apud DC. Prodroms 9: 537, sub V. chamaedrifolia. Lo que puede decirse no sélo de los jardines europeos, sino de todas las partes del mundo." Actually, of course, V. peruviana is NOT widely cultivated in gardens any more and has been replaced by the very common xV. hybrida, among whose mltitudinous color forms I have never yet seen anything to match the brilliant splendor of the true wild V. peruviana! Stewart (1972) cites the accepted binomial for this species as "V. hybrida Hort. ex Vilm. Fl. Pl. Terre Suppl. 195. 1865", but the only Supplement to this work existing either in the New York or Washington libraries is a supplement to edition 3 of 188). Knoche (1921) reports that in the Balearic Islands this plant is called "carmelita" and is there cultivated. Duque-Jaramillo found it in flower and fruit in March at 2620 meters altitude in Colombian gardens. Thomas (1969) calls it the "hybrid verbena". Williamson (1973) lists the very modern horticultural varieties "Amethyst" and "Miss Susie". The Ardoin 21, distributed as xV. hybrida, actually is V. rig- ida Spreng. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Cauca: Lépez—-Palacios & Idrobo 3832 (Ac). INDIA: West Bengal: Mukherjee s.n. [12.9-7h) (Ld)- CULTIVATED: Colombia: Duque-Jaramillo 2990 (N); Lépes-Palacios 3616 (Ld, N). Czechoslovakia: Presl s.n. (Mu—372). Ecuador: Lépez-Palacios 177 (Id). Germany: Olin s.n. [June 1893] (Ac). xVERBENA ILLICITA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Perkins, Estes, & Thorp, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 102: 19h, 195, & 197. 19753 Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 151 (1975), 34s 250 (1976), and 36: 157. 1977. Perkins and his associates (1975) report finding this hybrid to be the most abundant of four natural hybrids occurring in a single area in Oklahoma, there having been about 20 individuals of it as compared to 10 of xV¥. goodmani Moldenke, 1 of xV. deamii Moldenke, and 1 of xV. perriana Moldenke. A single artificially cross~pollinated plant (using V. urticifolia L. pollen) with 168 potential seeds had a 12.5 percent seed-set, while the parental 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 229 species, V. urticifolia, had 7.3--66.5 percent seed-set and V. stricta Vent. (when insect-pollinated) had 76.%~-87.6 percent. Additional citations: ILLINOIS: Cass Co.: Geyer s.n, (Beards- town, July 182] (Mu—l11). MISSOURI: Saint Louis: Engelmann s. n. (St. Louis) (Mu--412). VERBENA INAMOENA Briq. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 151 (1975), 3: 279 (1976), and 3%: 131. 1977. T. Rojas 10077, cited herein under V. bonariensis L., has been annotated by an unknown hand as "Verbena bonariensis L. f. trans- jens in V. inamomam Briq." The Herb. Mus. Bot. Landishuth s.n., also cited by me as V. bonariensis, has all its leaves very narrow- oblong “in shape and may represent V. inamoena instead. VERBENA INCISA Hook. Additional synonymy: Verbena arenaria Higel ex Moldenke, Phyto- logia 34: 278, in syn. 1976 [not V, arenaria Moldenks, 1961). Verbena arenariana Kummer ex Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 278, in syn. 1976. Additional bibliography: G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit. Suppl. 1: 680. 1832; Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 552. 18325 Baxt. in Loud., Hort. Brit. Suppl. 2: 680. 1839; G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit. Sup- pl. 2: 70h. 1839; Baxt. in Loud., Hort. Brit. Suppl. [3]: 655. 1850; Vilm., Fl. Pleine Terre, ed. 1, 939 (1865), ed. 2, 2: 976 & 977 (1866), ed. 3, 1: 1200 (1870), and ed. , 1067. 1894; Molden ke, Phytologia 30: 150--152, 163, & 172 (1975), 31: 392 & 422 (1975), and 3h: 270 & 278. 1976. The corollas on Cristébal 1210, Fabrie 4688, and Krapovickas & al. 25759 & 27068 are described as having been "red", while on Herzog 1217 they were "cinnabar-red" and on Pflanz 951 "scarlet~ red", The cheironymous V. arenaria and V. arenariana listed in the synonymy above are based on specimens in the Munich herbarium collected, respectively, by Htigel in the Vienna and by Kummer in the Munich botanical garden. Don (1839) calls this species "Lady Arran's verbena". Material of this species has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as V. phlogiflora Cham. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro: Cabral s.n. [28. I. 19633 Herb. FEEMA 5192] (Fe). Rio Grande do Sul: Bormmiiller 143 (Mu--4290). BOLIVIA: Santa Crug: Herzog 1217 (Mu). Tarija: Pflanz 951 (Mu). PARAGUAY: T. Rojas 3406 [Hort. Parag. 11793] (Mu). URUGUAY: Herb. Herter 8188) (Mu); Herter 1057 (Herb. Hert- er 82941] (Ma). ARGENTINA: Catamarca: Rodriguez Vaquero 349 (Ut— 330568B). Corrientes: Cristébal 1210 (Ld) ; Krapovickas, Cristé- bal, Irigoyen, & Schinini 27066 (Id); Krapovickas, Cristébal, Schinini, Arbo, Quarin, & Gonzdlez 25759 Fray . dujuy: Fabris 4688 230 PB: YoT 0 LOeGiTia Vol. 36, no. 3 (Mu). Misiones: Bertoni s.n, (Herb. Inst. M. Lillo 98412] (Ld); Montes 14662 (N). CULTIVATED: Austria: Higel s.n. [hort. Hiigel Vindob. 1539] (Mu--303). Germany: Herb. Kummer s.n. [Hort. bot. Monac. 18)0.1X.13] (Mu—1260, Mu--1261), g.n. [Hort. bot. Monac.] (Mu--1259). Sweden: Zetterstedt s.n. [H. L. 10 Oct. 1839] (Ac). VERBENA INTEGRIFOLIA Sessé & Moc. Additional & emended bibliography: Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom, Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 1, 717 (1969) and imp. 2, 717. 19743 Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 2h6. 197. XVERBENA INTERCEDENS Briq. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 26 & 0. 197h. VERBENA INTERMEDIA Gill. & Hook. Additional & emended bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Can= doll. 3: 9h--96. 18583 Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 1, 717 (1969) and imp. 2, 717. 197h5 Mol- denke, Phytologia 30: 152 (1975) and 31: 387 & 09. 1975. Pedersen encountered this plant on "black earth" grasslands in Corrientes and Job found it on dunes in Buenos Aires. The corol- las on Herter L155 are said to have been "lilac-blue" when fresh. Additional citations: URUGUAY: Herter 1155 [Herb. Herter 83295] (Mu). ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires: Job 1597 (Ut—330533B). Corrientes: Pedersen 1,660 (N). VERBENA JORDANENSIS Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 35h (197k) and 30: 192. 1975. VERBENA KUHLMANNII Moldenke, Phytologia 31: 29. 1975. Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 31: 29 & 387. 1975; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 61: AC1.732. 1976. Citations: BRAZIL: SXo Paulo: M. Kuhlmann 3717 [Herb. Inst. Bot. S. Paulo 79535] (W--2748267—type, Z—photo of type, Z— photo of type). VERBENA LACINIATA (L.) Briq. Additional bibliography: Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 19. 1830; G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 247 (1830) and ed. 2, 2h7. 1832; G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit. Suppl. 1: 680. 1832; Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 552. 1832; Baxt. in Loud., Hort. Brit. Suppl. 2: 680. 1839; G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 2h7. 18393 Baxt. in Loud., Hort. Brit. Suppl. [3]: 555. 1850; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 33 hok & 95. 1858; Viln., Fl. Pleine Terr., ed. 1, 937 (1865), ed. 2, 2: 97h (18663, ed. 3, 11 1197-1198 (1870), and ed. \, 1066 & 1070. 189i; A. W. Anderson, How We Cot Fls., imp. 1, 168 & 283 (1951) and imp. 2, 168 & 283. 1966; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. l, 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 271 715--717 (1969) and imp. 2, 715-717. 197); Hinton & Rzedowski, Anal. Esc. Nac. Cienc. Biol. 21: 111. 1975; Kooiman, Act. Bot. Neerl. 24: 46h. 1975; Lépez—Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andes 15: 9. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 152153 & 172 (1975), 31: 383, 410, & 22 (1975), and 34: 259 & 260. 1976; Soukup, Biota 11: 19. 1976; E. H. Walker, Fl. Okin. & South. Ryuk. 88). 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 128, 139, & 148. 1977. Additional illustrations: "Voss in Vilm., Fl. Pleine Terr., ed. h, 1066. 189). Fosberg encountered this plant in grassy places grazed by goats on the top of a low hill and the corollas on no. 2765 are said to have been "lavender" when fresh, while on Grandjot s.n. [X1.32] were "rose-violet" in color. Don (1830) lists V. miltifida Ruiz & Pav, as a synonym of V. erinoides Willd. and i implies that it, like V. erinoides, was in- troduced into English gardens from orn in 1818. Tawad: Towed (1967) reports "V. erinoides Lamarck" as cultivated in Okinawa, but prob- ably this -is an error in identification for Ve tenuisects Briq. It should be noted here that Walker (1976) gives "1968" as the correct publication date for Tawada's work. The Lorentz 478, distributed as V. laciniata, actually is V. aristigera S. Moore, while Merxmiller 21,80) is V. berterii (Meisn.) Schau., Collector undetermined sn. (H. L. 1840], is V. bipinnatifida Nutt., Lossen 72 is V. glandulifera Moldenke, Herter 1805 and Herb. Herter 96556 are V. pulchella Sweet, Martius S.n. [ad S. Joa® d'El Rey, Febr.) is ve regnelliana Moldenke, He: Herter 181 and Herb. Herter 7917h are ¥s selloi Spreng., and Brixle a. g.n., Herb. Hort. Monac. s 8.R., n., and Herb. Merxmiiller 14336, as well as Kupper s.n. [cult. h. b. M.] are V. temisecta Briq. Additional citations: ECUADOR: Caflar: Herb. Univ. Cent. Quito 2350 (Mu). Chimborazo: F. R. Fosberg 2765 (N). BOLIVIA: La Paz: 0. E. White s.n. [2-18-1963] (W—277548). CHILE: Concepcion: Neger S.ne Sen. [1893—96] (Mu-—3981). Malleco: Baeza s.n. (19.XII. 1913] (Mu--l330). Santiago: Grandjot s.n. [X1.32] (Mu, Mu). Val- paraiso: Behn s.n. [Quilpué, 2.X.1932] (Mu), s.n. [Valparafso, 1 Okt. 1922) (iM (Mu); 0 0. Buchtien s.n. (8 .1x.1895] ~(ifu—~1837) j Kausel s.n. (Limache, 16.X.27] (im). Province undetermined: Dusén s.n. [Chili australis 1896—-97] (Mu—2982) ; Reuca s.n. [1889] (Mu— 4322). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Rufz & Pav., | *y Fl. Peruv. & Chil. 1: gis 93, fig. 2. 1797 (8, 2)s VERBENA LACINIATA var. CONTRACTA (Lindl.) Moldenke Additional bibliography: G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 2h7 (1830), ed. 2, 2h7 (1832), and ed. 3, 2h7. 18395 Baxt. in Loud., Hort. Brit. Suppl. [3]: 655. 1850; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 49k & 495. 1858; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 153 (1975) Don (1830) calls V. erinoides the "Erims-like vervain" and 232 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 36, no. 3 claims that it was introduced into English gardens from Peru in 1818 probably in this contracted form. VERBENA LASIOSTACHYS Link Additional bibliography: Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 418 & 19. 1830; G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 2h6 & 2h7 (1830) and ed. 2, 2h6 & 2h7. 1832; Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 552. 1832; G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 26 & 2h7. 1839; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 95. 1858; Kooiman, Act. Bot. Neerl. 2h: 6h. ues Molisals. Phytologia 30: 153 (1975), 3h: 251 (1976), and 36: 35. 1977. Don (1830) places V. lasiostachys in his Section Indivisae (with undivided leaves), calls it the "hairy-spiked vervain", and says that it was introduced into English gardens from California in 1826, while V. prostrata is placed in his Section Trifidae, calls it the "prostrate vervain", and gives the date of its intro- duction from "N, Amer." as 179. The Herb. Schwaegrichen s.n. [1837], Herb. Zuccarini s.n. [Hort. Bot. Monac. 1835, 1836], Raven 2951, and Thorne & Tilforth 39918, distributed as typical V. lasiostachys, actually seem to represent var. septentrionalis Moldenke, while Meebold 2023) is V. robusta Greene. Additional citations: CALIFORNIA: Humboldt Co.: Moldenke & Mol- denke 30232 (Ac, Gz, Kh, Ld, Ln, Mu, Tu, Ut, W). Santa Barbara Co.: Meebold 2211) (Mu). Santa Cruz Co.: M. E, Jones 2215 (Mu-— 1575) « VERBENA LASIOSTACHYS var. SEPTENTRIONALIS Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 153 (1975) and Bs: 135. 1977. Recent collectors have encountered this plant in dry places and "a few feet above high-tide line on coastal cliffs", at alti- tudes of 2-30 meters, and describe it as a widely branching herb, 6 dm. tall. The corollas are said to have been "blue" on Witham 508, "purplish" on Thorne & Tilforth 39918, and "purple" on Beau- champ 2523. Material of this variety has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as V. bracteata Lag. & Rodr. Additional citations: OREGON: Josephine Co.: Baker & Ruhle h3h (N). CALIFORNIA: Alameda Co.: Meebold 19930 (Mm); Michener & Bio- letti s.n. (Oakland, June 1891] (Mi). Butte Co.: Moldenke & Mol- denke 30339 (Gz, Mu, Tu, Ut). Los Angeles Co.: Gallup s.n. [8/13/ 1949] (Sd—-72252); Meebold 20050 (Mu); Thorne & Tilforth 39918 (K1—16018). Nevada Co.: M. E. Jones 2598 (Ln—70251, Mu--1576) . San Diego Co.: Beauchamp 2523 (Sd-8566h); M. F. Spencer 1037 (Mu— 4319); Witham 145 (Sd—80h27). San Luis Obispo Co.s Edw, Palmer 32 (Mu—-1555)5 Raven 2951) (Ac); Witham 508 (Sd—75714). Shasta Co. Moldenke & Moldenke 30260 (Ac, Ld, W). CULTIVATED: Germany: 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 233 Herb. Schwaegrichen s.n. [1837] (Mu--1267); Herb. Zuccarini s.n. (Hort. Bot. Monac. 1535] (Mu—367), s.n. [Hort. Bot. Monac. 1836] (Mu-—368), s.n. (Hort. Bot. Monac.] (Mu—369). VERBENA LILACINA Greene Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 153. 1975. Recent collectors describe this species as a dense bush or subshrub, 2—5 feet tall, growing in the steep north slopes of canyons, along the sides of large granite boulders, at altitudes of 5-50 meters, flowering and fruiting in March, April, and July. Moran reports it as "common in arroyos". The corollas are said to have been "lavender" in color on Moran 17123, 17127, & 17185. Additional citations: MEXICO: Baja California: Bostic s.n. [2 July 1969] (Sd—70839); R. V. Moran 17123 (Sd—76988), 17127 (Sd— 76989), 17185 (Sd—76987) . VERBENA LINDBERGI Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 288 (1972) and 31: 387. 1975. Mermmiller encountered this species at 2350 meters altitude, flowering in December. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro: Merxmniiller 25555 (Mu). VERBENA LIPOZYGIOIDES Walp. Additional bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 95. 1858; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 35). 197k. VERBENA LITORALIS H.B.K. Additional synonymy: Verbena atriota Pabst ex Moldenke, Phyto- logia 3h: 278, in syn. it e Additional & emended bibliography: G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit. Suppl. 1: 680. 1832; Baxt. in Loud., Hort. Brit. Suppl. 2: 680 (1839) and [3]: 655. 1850; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 9 & 495. 1858; Robledo, Bot. Med. 392. 192h; Barriga-Bonilla, Hern4n- dez—Camacho, Jaramillo-T., Jaramillo-Mejfa, Mora-Osejo, Pinto- Escobar, & Ruiz-Carranza, Isla San Andrés 59. 1969; G. W. Thomas, Tex. Pl. Ecolog. Summ. 78. 1969; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chromb. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 1, 717. 1969; Hartwell, Lloydia 3): 387. 1971; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 2, 717. 1973 Gibbs, Chemotax. Flow. Pl. 3: 1753 & 175k. 197h3 Balgooy, Pacif. Pl. Areas 3: 245. 1975; 0. & 1. Degener & Pekelo, Hawaii. Pl. Names x.4, x-21, & x.22. 19753 Hinton & Rze~ dowski, Ann. Esc. Nac. Cienc. Biol. 21: 31 & 111. 1975; Kooiman, Act. Bot. Neerl. 2h: 6. 1975; Lépez-Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andes 15: 51 & 90—93, fig. [17]. 1975; Molina R., Ceiba 19: 95. 19753 Tovar Serpa, Biota 10: 286 & 298. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 136 & 153--15h (1975), 31: 378, 379, 383, & 392 (1975), and 3h: 256, 260, 267, 270, & 278. 1976; Lépez—Palacios, Revist. Fac, Farm. Univ. Los Andes 17: 50. 1976; Soukup, Biota 11: 23h PHYTOLOGIA Vol, 36, no. 3 19. 1976; E. H. Walker, Fl. Okin. & South. Ryuk. 883 & 88). 19763 Moldenke, Phytologia %: 31, 33, 87; 5a;,) $2; 222,03), 136, sare & 151. 1977. Additional illustrations: Lépez-Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andes 15: fig. [17]. 1975. Molina R. refers to this species as a “weed common in sugar— cane plantations" in Nicaragua. Walker (1976) calls it "A weed of roadsides and waste places" on Okinawa, while Schlieben reports it "very abundant" on bush savannas in the Transvaal. On Saipan island Stone found it to be a "common weed with Asclepias curas- savica, Conyza, Cardiospermm, etc." Herbst speaks of it as "un- common" on Hauai island. Werff found it in the moist zone on Chatham island in the GalA4pagos and comments that there its flow- ers were "not as intensely colored as those of 2182 [v. brasilien~ sis Vell.J". Bianco describes it as 0.8--1.3 meters tall and "medicinal" in Venezuela; Taylor found it on steep roadside banks in Costa Rica. The inflorescence tips on Molina R. 272k, are much congested because they are insect-galled; the corollas are said to have been "lilac" in color when fresh, as they were also on his no. 11508, on Hatschbach & Kummrow 3576, Romero-Castafieda 10668, and Schlie- ben 7691. They are said to have been "violet" on Pabst 7372 and and Schinini & al. 10259, "blue" on Behn son. [1 Dechr. 1930], "blue- violet" on Plowman & Davis 4889, "bluish=violet" on Stone 523 A "pretty purple® on on Clemens 42170, and "pale-blue" on | Herbst 2296. On Lépes-Palacios 4220 & 4332 they are described as "moradas", 0: on 4196 "morado lila", on 100 " "lila", and on 040 "azul morado has- ta morado muy claro". Hatschbach & Kummrow report V. litoralis being used medicinally in Brazil, while in Peru, according to Plowman & Davis, the dried ground=up leaves are placed on wounds. It is not certain to what species Gibbs (197) is referring when he uses the name "Verbena arborea", but such a binomial has been used for V. litoralis in the horticultural trade. Lépez-Palacios (1975) comments that "En Paris, en el Herbario HB, existe el N. 658 [of Bonpland], determinado como V. caracas- ana, que bien puede ser el tipo o, cuando menos, el es6tipo" [of var. caracasana]. He contimes: "Yo he examinado el material de Willdenow y no encuentro diferencia alguna con la V. litoralis HBK. El especimen 1113 Willd., Verbena lanceolata, corresponde al 638 de Humboldt (P), rotulado quizdés por 61 mismo, o por Bon= pland, V. caracasana, pero en mi concepto, no creo que alconce ni siquiera a una diferencia de variedad de la V. litoralis. También las poblaciones son aguales, y no se observa diferencia entre las de Caracas y las de Mérida, p.e. De la V. glabrata no hay con- stancia segura de que exista en el territorio venezolano. El ejemplar de Mocquerys, Duaea 893 ? No o fecha?), determinado por Dofia N. Troncoso como V. glabrata es, simplemente, V. litoralis. 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 235 Muchos las consideran como coespec{ficas.....Para mf es diffcil establecer la diferencia entre las dos especies. [actually V. gla- brata H.B.K. as seen so abundantly in Ecuador is very easily y dis- tinguished in general aspect from V, litoralis!]. De existir en Venezuela, seria probablemente en TAchira y Zulia, hasta donde pue- den extenderse las poblaciones colombianas del Norte de Santander, en donde la V. glabrata ha sido registrada." Lépez-Palacios 3638 is a close match for the type illustration of V. litoralis, but his 39/8 is the very widespread loosely fruit- ed form, while his 3623 is the very dense-flowered and ~fruited form now passing as var. caracasana. He reports that the plants growing in his own garden and represented by his no. 3974 were 80— 100 cm. tall. Ina letter to me, dated January 16, 1976, he says: "Por correo le envés 5 ejemplares de Verbena litoralis colectados de una misma planta que yo tengo cultivada. Este taxon es poli- mérfico y variable no sélo en la poblacién sino en la misma planta, como Ud. podr& observar; en hojas y en espigas la variacién es grande. Yo vf en Herb. Willdenow el tipo de la var. caracasana, pero en mi concepto todo ello es simplemente V. litoralis. Natur~ almente esto es una cosa subjetiva y se deba a mi formaci6n, influ- ida por las escuelas europeas (Holandesa y Alemana) que tienen un criterio muy amplio de la especie. Naturalmente el dibujo de HBK s6lo mestra un estadio de crecimiento y por tanto no puede regis- trar todas las variaciones de la especie." He suggests that his 4161 may be a form of V. brasiliensis Vell., and this is, indeed, very possible. It is also most probable that these two species hybridize when growing in close proximity, as they often do. His no. 4302, from the Galapagos islands, is described as "hierba de hojas medianas, espigas congestas luego alargadas". Walker (1976) reports for V. litoralis the vernacular name, "hime~kuma-tsusura" [=small delicate V. officinalis] on Okinawa. Witham collected the species at 1000 m. altitude in Hawaii, descri- bing it as a "tough perennial" with blue flowers. Towar Serpa (1975) records the vernacular name, “wirwena", for it in Peru. The Degeners & Pekelo (1975) list the names, "ha'uowi®, "toi", and "Owi", in Hawaii; Thomas (1969) calls it the Neoast verbena", Gibbs (197k) reports that in what he calls "Verbena arborea" cy- anogenesis is absent from the leaves and syringin is absent from the stems. It is not definitely known if he refers here to V. lit- oralis or to Petrea arborea, for both of which taxa the name . *Ver— bena a: arborea" has in the past been used in literature. Hartwell (3971) reports that in Mexico V. litoralis is called "verbena del campo" and that the twigs are used to make a decoction drunk in the treatment of internal tumors. Krapovickas and his associates report its use in Salta, Argentina, "para golpe, paea sangre". Krapovickas, Schinini, & Gonzdlez 28)L0 represents the dense- spiked form of the sp a The Wi s.n. [1845], distributed as V. litoralis, actually 236 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 36, no. 3 is V. alata Sweet, while Lechler s.n. [Valdivia], oldt s.n., is a mixture of V. litoralis and V. bonariensis, Behn s.n. (Quil- pué, 22 January 1931], Bougere 1), 1091, & 1099, ck A. Brown 1008, 2309, 2381, & 18610, Bynum, Ingram, & Jaynes s.n. [Houma, Apr. 23, 1933], M. Chaney 111, Claycomb s.n. [June 13, 192], Heinrichs 65, Kirby 160, D. K. Lowe 34, Meebold 2722h & 27240, Montz 637, J. Ke: Moore 5200, Neger s.n. 8.Ne [1893-96], Robinette 239 239, Rockett 125, Roivainen | 305), and Stutzenbaker 205 are V. brasiliensis Vell. ; Heyde & Li & Lux 30. 3019 is V. carolina pag Oo. Bachtden 185 is xV¥. dermeni Moldenke, Claycomb sen. (April 15, 193] is V. halei Small, "CEs A. Brown 18767, Herb. Herter 81713, Herter 269, a and Thibodeaux 236, 260, 260, 28h, 297, 321, & 417 are V. montevidensis Spreng., J. Taylor 17625 is is V. parvula Hayek, and Si chimpff 132 is V. sedula " Moldenke . Additional citations: LOUISIANA: Terrebonne Par.: Wurzlow s.n. [May 5, 1914] (Lv, Lv). MEXICO: Oaxaca: Pringle 4877 (Mu—1803). Veracruz: Kerber 311 (Mi, Mu-1791). GUATEMALA: Guatemala: L. M. Andrews 507 (N). Santa Rosa: Heyde & Lux 4370 (Mu--1790). HON DURAS: Cortes: Molina R. 11508 (W—2735773). NICARAGUA: Estelf: Molina R. 272k (N, W--2735237). COSTA RICA: San José: J. Taylor 174h6 (N). COLOMBIA: Arauea: Lépez-Palacios 3948 (Id, N). Cun- dinamarca: Lépez-Palacios 3623 (ld, N), 3638 (Ld, N); Lépez— Palacios & Jaramillo Mejia 367) (Id, N). Magdalena: Romero—Cas- tafieda 10668 (N). VENEZUELA: Aragua: Vogl 938 (Mu, Mu, Mu). Mérida: Oberwinkler & Oberwinkler 12196 (Mu). Miranda: Pittier Ly2 (Mu). ECUADOR: Carchi: Lépez—~Palacios 4O4O (Ld). Chimborazo: Collector undetermined s.n. [September 1858] (Mu==1105). El Oro: Lépez-Palacios 4100 (Ld). Guayas: Eggers 14372 (Mu—3882). Imba- bura: Lépez~Palacios 4072 4072 (Ld). Loja: Lépez-Palacios 1161 (Ld). Pichincha: Lépez—Palacios 4196 (Ld), 4220 (Ld), 4332 (Ld). GAL= APAGOS ISLANDS: Chatham: Schimpff 12 (iu); Werff 2183 [1183] (Ld), 2186 [186] (Ld). Narborough: Lépez—Palacios 4302 (1d). PERU: Cuzco: Plowman & Davis 1,889 (Oa). BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Irwin, Harley, & Onishi 28721 (W-~2759077). Rio de Janeiro: Pabst 7372 (Mu). BOLIVIA: La Paz: M. Bang 20) (Mu—1788). PARA- GUAY: Pedersen 8625 (N); T. Rojas 1889 (Mu). CHILE: Valparafso: Behn s.n. fen. Pa | Decbr. 1930] (Mu) ; 0. Bu Buchtien s.n. [18.X.1895] (Mu—18 38) . Province undetermined: Dessauer 8.n. (Chile, VI-Ix- 87) (Mu); Froémbling s.n. (Chili, 1886] (Mu—1789). ARGENTINA: Jujuy: Schinini, Quarfn, Arbo, & Pire 10259 (1d). Salta: Krapo- vickas, “Schinini, & “& Gonzélez Jez 26440 (L (Ld). San Juan: Fabris & Marchionni 2392, 2392, in part part (Mu). Sa Santiago del Estero: Lullo 4 (Ut—-220576B); Pierotti "h" (6-II-19h4] (Ut—~330535B). SOUTH AFRICA: Transvaal: Meebold 12839 (Mu); Scheepers 334 (Mu); Schlie- 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 237 ben 7691 (Mu). MARIANAS ISLANDS: Saipan: B. C. Stone 5233 (KL). AUSTRALIA: Queensland: M.S. Clemens 1,2170 (Mi); Meebold 7818 (amu). HAWAIIAN ISLANDS: Hawaii: Witham 1713 (Sd—837h5). Kauai: Herbst 2296 (N). Oahu: Meebold 830) (Mu); Schmer s.n. [9/13/69] (Le). CULTIVATED: Brazil: Hatschbach & Kummrow 35764 (ld). Germany: Herb. Kummer s.n. (Hort. bot. Monac. 1639) (Mu—-128). Venezuela: Bianco 110 (N); Lépez-Palacios 3974 (Ac, Gz, Mu, Tu). VERBENA LITORALIS var. ALBIFLORA Moldenke Synonymy: Verbena littoralis var. albiflora Moldenke ex Hinton & Rzedowski, Anal. Esc. Nac. Cienc. Biol. 21: 121. 1975. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 252, 432, & 438. 197); Hinton & Rzedowski, Anal. Esc. Nac. Cienc. Biol. 21 - eee 1975; Soukup, Biota 11: 19. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia : 47. 1977. VERBENA LITORALIS var. CARACASANA (H.B.K.) Moldenke After extensive field and herbarium studies, including an exan- ination of the type collection, Lépez-Palacios has shown that this taxon cannot be distinguished from typical V. litoralis H.B.K. All my previous notes in this series under this heading should therefore be transferred to typical V. litoralis. VERBENA LITORALIS f. MAGNIFOLIA Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 51—52. 1977. Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 33 & 51—52. 1977. Citations: ECUADOR: Napo: Lépez=Palacios 188 (Z—type). VERBENA LOBATA Vell. Additional bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 9h & 495. 1858; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 15h. 1975. The Hatschbach HH.1),883 and Herb, Brad. 8010, distributed as V. lobata, actually represent var. ar, sessilis Moldenke. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Dusén 242 (Mu—3998). Rio de Janeiro: A. Castellanos 25682 [Herb. FEEMA EMA 520) (Ld). Rio Grande do Sul: Bornmiiller 602 (Mu—l295). VERBENA LOBATA var. HIRSUTA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 253. 197h. The corollas are said to have been "lilac" in color when fresh on Hatschbach 3566). Additional citations: BRAZIL: Parand: Hatschbach 3566) (Ld). VERBENA LOBATA var. SESSILIS Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 355. 197k. The corollas on Hatschbach HH HH.14863 are said to have been "dark-lilac"™ in color when fresh, and | and this collector encountered the plant in "brejo" (sedge meadow), flowering in October. It was distributed in some herbaria as typical V. lobata Vell. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Parandé: Hatschbach HH .14883 [Herb. 238 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 36, no. 3 Brad. 48010] (Mu). VERBENA LONGIFOLIA Mart. & Gal. Additional synonymy: Verbena longifolia H.B.K. ex Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 47, in syn. 1977. Additional bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 495. 1858; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 296 (1972), 3h: 252 (1976), and 36: 7 & 145. 1977. The corollas are said to have been "white to pale-pink" on Ernst 2355a. Additional citations: MEXICO: Oaxaca: Ernst 2355a (Mi). VERBENA LONGIFOLIA f. ALBIFLORA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 253 (197h), 34: 252 (1976), and 36: 145. 1977. Martinez Calderén refers to this plant as an anmual herb which he encountered at 5 m. altitude in "suelo arcilloso-arenoso in acahual" and which he misidentified and distributed as V. carolina L. The Ernst 2355a, cited under typical V. longifolia (above), is said to have come from a population with white to light=-pink flow- ers so it may, in part, at least, also represent this form. oie ene citations: MEXICO: Veracruz: Martinez Calder6n 1352 N e VERBENA LUCANENSIS Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 297. 19723 Soukup, Biota 11: 19. 1976. VERBENA MACDOUGALII Heller Additional & emended bitliography: Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom, Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 1, 717. 1969; G. W. Thomas, Tex. Pl. Ecolog. Summ. 78. 1969; Fong, Trojaénkova, Troj&nek, & Farnsworth, Lloydia 35: 147. 1972; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zak- har., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 2, 717. 197k; R. D. Gibbs, Chemotax. Flow. Pl. 3: 1753 & 175k (197) and 4: 2295. 197h3 D. S. & H. B. Correll, Aquat. & Wetland Pl. SW. U. S., imp. 2, 2: 1397, 1399-100, & 1775. 1975; Kooiman, Act. Bot. Neerl. 2h: 6h. 1975; A. L. Moldenke, Phytologia 31: 415. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 15h (1975) and 36: 145. 1977. The Spellenbergs encountered this plant "along dirt road with grasses, in Douglas fir, Pinus, Quercus, and Holodiscus" associa- tion. Pinkava and his associates found it along roadsides in pon= derosa pine forests — a habitat apparently identical to that in which my wife, my son, and I saw it in great abundance and which seems to be its favorite habitat. Higgins reports finding it in sandy soil of "short-grass prairie community", in sandy soil of "spruce-fir—pine community", and in “coarse sandy to gravelly soil in mountain brush and mixed evergreen commnity and aspen scatter- ed in patches". Dziekanowski and his associates observed it in "very rocky yellow pine forests". The corollas are said to have been "violet, fading to blue" on 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 239 Spellenberg & Spellenberg 2082. Thomas (1969) calls the species the "Macdougal verbena". Gibbs (197k) reports cyanogenesis absent in the leaves of V. macdougalii and the Ehrlich test negative, but syringin is doubt- fully present in the stems. Material has been misidentified and distributed in some herbar- ia as V. hastata var. scabra Moldenke. Additional citations: COLORADO: Archuleta Co.: C. F. Baker s.n. (Arboles, 7-10-99] ‘(Mu—3912). NEW MEXICO: Otero Co.: Spellenberg & Spellenberg 2082 (N). Lincoln Co.: Higgins 860 (N). San Mig- uel Co.: Higgins 8881 (N). Taos Co.: Higgins, Higgins, & Rook 1000 (N); Waterfall 12250 (Mi). Yavapai Co.: H. H. Rusby 750 780, in part part (Mu). ARIZONA: Apache Co.: Lehto, McGill, “Nash, & Pinkava 11506 (W—273h6h2); Pinkava, Lehto, & Reeves P 12352 (N). Coconi- no Co.: Dgiekanowski, Dunn, & Bennett 2395 2395 (N). VERBENA MACDOUGALII f. ALBIFLORA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 253, 25h, & 431. 197k. VERBENA MALMIT Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 298. 1972; Troncoso, Darwiniana 18: 311 & 12. 197k. Hatschbach describes this species as growing from a xylopodi- um. He found it on dry campos, flowering in December, and the corollas on his no. 35553 are said to have been "lilac" in color when fresh. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Parand: Hatschbach 35553 (Ld). VERBENA MARITIMA Small Additional synonymy: Verbena maritima Sm. ex Norman, Fla. Sci- entist 39: 30. 1976. Additional bibliography: M. F. Baker, Fla. Wild Fls., ed. 2, imp. 1, 188. 1938; Ayensu, Rep. Endang. & Threat. Pl. Spec. 98 & 129. 197h; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 254, hS1. & 46h (197) and 3h: 248 & 279. 1976; M. F. Baker, Fla. Wild Fls., ed. 2, imp. 2, 188. 1976; Long & Lakela, Fl. Trop. Fla., ed. 2, 71 & 961. 1976; Nor- man, Fla. Scientist 39: 30. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 142. 1977. Ayensu (197) has officially listed this as an endangered or threatened species. With the rapidity of the commercialization of the Florida beaches, the survival of this species, limited to that specialized habitat, is certainly in great doubt. Churchill has encountered V, maritima in pine flatwoods on oolitic limestone and on the lee side of dunes, as well as in dune hollows, in flower and fruit in March and June. Norman (1976) calls it the "seaside verbena" and justifiably refers to it as already "rare". Additional citations: FLORIDA: Brevard Co.: Curtiss 1963* (Mu— 1545). Broward Co.: Meebold 27688 (Mu). Dade Co.: J. A. Church 2h0 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 36, no. 3 ill s.n. [12 March 1956] (Ln—204149). Martin Co.: J. A. Church- ill s.n. [18 June 1968] (Ln--225090). Long Key: J. K. Small 8123 (Mu) . VERBENA MARRUBIOIDES Cham. Additional bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 495. 1858; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 15). 1975; Soukup, Biota 11: 19. 1976. Recent collectors have encountered this plant along roadsides on campos and in "campo com pequefio banhado". The corollas are said to have been "red (5P6/8)" on Lindeman, Irgang, & Valls ICN. 8805 and "biue-purple (10PB5/8)" on Lindeman & Haas 2h59. Reineck & Czermak 21 is a mixture of V. marrubioides and V. humifusa Cham. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Paran4: Lindeman & Haas 2159 (Ld). Rio Grande do Sul: Lindeman, Irgang, & Valls ICN.8805 (Ut—320456); Reineck & Czermak 21, in part (Mu). VERBENA MEDICINALIS Rojas Additional & emended bibliography: Krapovickas, Bol. Soc. Ar- gent. Bot. 11, Supl. 269. 1970; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 15)—~155 (1975) and 31: 388. 1975. VERBENA MEGAPOTAMICA Spreng. Additional synonyny: Verbena phlogiflora @ macilenta Cham. ex Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 95. 1858. Additional & emended bibliography: Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 552. 18323; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 95. 1858; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 1, 715 (1969) and imp. 2, 715. 197k; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 155 & 178 (1975) and 36: 47. 1977. The label on Krapovickas & Cristébal 28956 bears the statement "en campos pantanosos, erecta, flores amarillas" — if the corolla color given here is correct this represents a remarkable undescrib- ed color-form, but it seems more probable to me that it represents a mistake in memory or transcription. The Hort. Parag. 11793 and T. Rojas 3406, distributed as V. megapotamica, actually are V. incisa Hook., while Duarte 6309, Herb. Brad. 16885 & 22512, Pabst 6093, and E. Pereira 6266 are V. phlogi- flora Cham. Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Corrientes: Krapovickas & Cris- tébal 28956 (Ld). noe VERBENA MEGAPOTAMICA Spreng. x V. PULCHELLA Sweet i Apion bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 255, 451, & h. 197. VERBENA MENDOCINA R. A. Phil. Additional & emended bibliography: Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zak- 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 2h1 har,, Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 1, 715 & 717 (1969) and imp. 2, 715 & 717. 197k; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 155. 1975. VERBENA MENTHAEFOLIA Benth. Additional rate Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll, 3: 95 & 496. 1858; G. W. Thomas, Tex. Pl. Ecolog. Summ. 78. 1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 355 & %2 (1974) and 30: 159. 1975; Hinton & *Ruedowski, Anal. Esc. Nac. Cienc. Biol. 21: 31 & lll. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 145. 1977. Recent collectors have encountered this plant on rocky hills with thin gravelly soil and oak-pine grassland cover. Mears found it growing in association with Cassia, Mimosa, Juniperus, Solanum, Cuphea, Quercus, Indigofera, and Phoradendron. In Baja California it is reported by Moran as "occasional", "abundant in roadside depressions", “common in roadside ditches", and "local- ly common in several places on dry open southeast slopes", at 10 to 200 meters altitude, describing it as a "decumbent bush" or "prostrate". The corollas are described as having been "blue" on Moran 16643 & 18675, "blue-violet" on Moran 16098, 18563, & 2182h, " "purple" on Witham 783, and "light-blue, “with white cen- ter" on Moran 22159. . Thomas (1969) calls it the "mintleaf ver- bena", a singularly inappropriate name since its leaves do not resemble those of any typical mint with which I am familiar. The Baja California material ascribed to this species needs to be more carefully compared to V. comonduensis Moldenke, a close- ly related taxon. as Additional citations: CALIFORNIA: San Diego Co.: R. V. Moran 16098 (Sd—71707); Spencer s.n. [h.25.1916] (Mu—-l315); Witham 783 783 (Sd—-79855). MEXICO: Baja California: R. V. Moran 16643 (Sd——73069), 18563 (Sd—80229), 18675 (Sa--80255), » 282k (Sd (Sd—= 91272), 225 9 er, a Federal D District: Barkley & | & Rowell 7h6L (Ine Hidalgo: Mears 259d (Ln—~222126), 326d (Ln— 222197) . gels: ae 8 8534 (Mu—3989). Zacatecas: Taylor & Taylor 6230 (W—273l,032). VERBENA MICROPHYLLA H.B.K. Additional bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 495. 898 Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 155. 1975; Soukup, Biota 11: 19. 197 Schultes has placed an interesting note on the M. Wagner s.n. (Sept. 1858] sheet at Munich: "Verbena erinoidi Lam. proxima sed ipse vix videtur. An V. multifida R. & Pavon quae a Schauero Verbenae erinoidi subjungitur". Legname & Vervoorst refer to V. microphylla as a "prostrate hemicryptophyte" and encountered it in "terreno arenoso-arcilloso" -~ the corollas on their no. 101 were "pale~lilac" when fresh. Additional citations: ECUADOR: Chimborazo: Schimpff 720 (Mm); M. Wagner s.n, (Sept. 1858] (Mu—110k). Cotopaxi: M. Wagner s.n. TOctober 1858] (Mu—1262). Province undetermined: M, Wagner s.n. 2h2 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 36, no. 3 [Tacunga, Octob.--Nov. 1858] (Mu--1263). PERU: Cuzco: W. Hoff- mann 307 (Mu). BOLIVIA: La Paz: 0. Buchtien 1102 (Mu); K K. Graf Graf 453 (N). Oruro: Troll 2919 (Mu). ~ Potosi: Fiebrig 2613 (ince 4088). Province undetermined: K. Graf 599 [Taurichambi] (N). ARGENTINA: Catamarca: Legname & & Vervoorst at 101 as cee 7 (Ld), 4261 (Ac). ‘Beowinge undetermined: Princess Therese = Ba- ante 262 (Mu). VERBENA MINUTIFLORA Briq. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 356 & 383 (1974) and 3%: 3% & 123. 1977. In addition to the months previously reported by me, this plant has been collected in fruit in March and October. It has been described by Lindeman & Haas as an almost leafless shrub, 1.5 m. tall, and the corollas on their no. 3010 are said to have been "purple" when fresh. On Lindeman ION .94h6 the collector notes "arbusto de 1.70 m., 1.5 cm. diam., corola roxa 10PB7/6", and it was encountered by him in a "pequefio banhado quase seco", Davidse and his associates report that in Santa Catarina it is used in the treatment of stomach and digestive ailments. Material of V. mimtiflora has been misidentified and distrib- uted in some herbaria as V. alata Sweet. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Paran4: Hatschbach 3737) (Ld); Lindeman & Haas 3010 (Ws). Rio Grande do Sul: Lindeman ICN.946 (Ut—-320)59). Santa Catarina: Davidse, Ramamoorthy, & | & Vital 11089 (Ld). ARGENTINA: Toledo Island: Ibarrola 739 (Ut—330572B). xVERBENA MOECHINA Moldenke Additional synonymy: Verbena moenchina Moldenke ex R. A. Dav=- ae State Univ. Iowa Stud. Nat. Hist. 20 (2): 77, sphalm. 19 9. Additional bibliography: R. A. Davidson, State Univ. Iowa Stud. Nat. Hist. 20 (2): 77. 1959; Cooperrider, State Univ. Iowa Stud. Nat. Hist. 20 (5): 70. 1962; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 356, er 387, 429, & 465 (19h), 3h: aks (1976), and 36: 29 &h7. Tans encountered this hybrid along roadsides and in an aban- doned quarry on limestone gravel in association with native eae plants such as Asclepias verticillata, Andropogon gerar~ ragrostis spectabilis, Kuhnia Kuhnia eupatorioi eupatorioides, Ratibida pin- ue Solidago nemoralis, and Verbena stricta, with Verbascum and Ambrosia invading. Davidson (1959) records the hybrid from Louisa and Muscatine Counties, Iowa, where he found it to be "in- frequent” in dry sandy soil. The Herb. Zuccarini s.n. (Hort. bot. Monac.] collection, cited below, is a mixture with V. stricta Vent. Additional citations: WISCONSIN: Rock Co.: Tens 1431 (Ts, Ts, 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 23 Ts). MISSOURI: Reynolds Co.: Meebold 25420 (Mu). CULTIVATED: Germany: Herb. Zuccarini s.n. [Hort. bot. Monac.) (Mu—375, Mu— 376). VERBENA MONACENSIS Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 356, 39h, & 451 (1974), 30: 133 (1975), and 34: 270. 1976; Lépez—Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andes 17: 50. 19763 Moldenke, Phyto- logia 36: 0. 1977. Lépez-Palacios refers to this plant as an "hierba rastrera de unos 30 oms. Flores rosadas" and found it being cultivated at 1650 meters altitude, flowering in August. Additional citations: CULTIVATED: Colombia: Lépez-Palacios 18 (Ld, N), 3862 (Tu); Lépez-Palacios & Idrobo 3833 (Ac). VERBENA MONTEVIDENSIS Spreng. Additional & emended bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Can- doll. 3: 495. 1858; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 1, 717 (1969) and imp. 2, 717. 197; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 155 (1975), 31: 377 (1975), and 36: 137. 1977. The corollas on Ferreira 98, Hatschbach 35653, and Kummrow 76) are said to have been "lilac" in color when fresh, on Schinini & Carnevali 10471 they were "purple", and on Fiebrig 1,635, Herb. Brad. 22518, Pabst 6146, and E. Pereira 6319 they were "violet". Ferreira found the plant growing in “orla de brejo". Others have encountered it on high or marshy campos, in rough grassland, along roadsides, on headlands of ricefields and sugarcane fields, in bottomland soil, and in "brejo" (sedge meadows). Muhammad refers to it as "an erect perennial herb, infrequent in open fields maintained by fire", while Urbatsch found it "in roadside and railway right-of-way, aquatic marsh, and dryland habitats". The corollas on Schinini & Cristébal 9707 were "violet" in color when fresh, those on Quarfn, Schinini, & Gonzd&lez 2460 were "purple", those on Krapovickas, Cristébal, & Schinini 26513 were "“white-lilac", and those on Pedersen 9816 were "white". Lindeman and his associates encountered this plant on a "campo estilo pomar com 4rvores baixas de espinilo Acacia caven" and say on the label of their no. 8168 "corola SRPB/, calice em botad SRPS/". The vernacular name, "“quina", is reported by Kummrow,. Pedersen found the plant in flower and fruit in April. Additional citations: LOUISIANA: Calcasieu Par.: Thibodeaux 260 (Lv). Cameron Par.: Thibodeaux 236 (Iv). East Baton Rouge Par.: C. A. Brown 18767 (lv). Jefferson Davis Par.: Thibodeaux 417 (Lv). Lafayette Par.: Thibodeaux 297 (Lv), 321 (Lv). Saint Landry Par.: Thibodeaux 28 (Lv). Tangipahoa Par.: Muhammad 259 (Lv); Urbatsch 1938 (Lv). Vermilion Par.: Thibodeaux 28) (Lv). BRAZIL: Paran&: Dusén 10856 (Mu); L. F. Ferreira 98 (1d); Hatsch- bach 35653 (1d); Kummrow 76 (Tu). Rio Grande do Sul: Lindeman, Irgang, & Valls ICN.6466 (Ut—320l57). Santa Catarina: Pabst 61h6 ahd PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 3, no. 3 (E. Pereira 6319; Herb. Brad. 22518] (Mu). PARAGUAY: Fiebrig 4635 (Mu—L1h4). URUGUAY: Herter 269 [Herb. Herter 81713] (Mu). ARGENTINA: Corrientes: Krapovickas, Cristébal, & Schinini 26513 (Ld); Pedersen 9816 (N); Quarin, Schinini, & Gonhles 2460 (Ld); Schininid & al, 1186 (Ld); Schinini & Carnevali 10471 (Ld)3 Schi- nini & Cristébal 9707 (Id). Misiones: Montes 14719 (N), 27576 (N). VERBENA MONTICOLA Moldenke Additional bibliography: , Excerpt. Bot. A.26: 6. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 155 (1975 "and 31: 38h. 1975. VERBENA MULTICAULIS Raf. This taxon is probably the same as V. simplex var. eggerti Mol- denke. All previously published notes in this series under this heading should be transferred to that variety. VERBENA NANA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 155. 1975. The corollas on Fiebrig 4371 are said to have been "violet- rose" when fresh. Additional citations: PARAGUAY: Fiebrig 4371 (Mu). VERBENA NEOMEXICANA (A. Gray) Small Additional synonymy: Verbena neomexicana var. neomexicana [A. Gray] apud Thomas, Tex. Pl. Ecolog. Summ. 78. 1969. Additional & emended bibliography: G. W. Thomas, Tex. Pl. Eco- log. Sum. 78. 1969; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pl., imp. 1, 717 (1969) and imp. 2, 717. 197; E. H. Jordan, Checklist Organ Pipe Cact. Natl. Mon. 7. °19753 Moldenke, Phytolo- gia 30: 136, 155-156, & 180 (1975), 31: 378 (i975), 34: ” 262 & 279 (1976), and 36: 12) & 158. 1977. Semple refers to this plant as "rare, in small clumps in dry stream bed", Mrs. Jordan (1975) calls it the "New Mexican vervain" and Thomas (1969) names it the "New Mexico verbena". Urbatsch and his associates aver that it is "uncommon in sandy soil" in Baja California. Material of this species has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as V. gracilis Desf. or V. plicata Greene. On the other hand, the Spellenberg & Spellenberg 398h, distributed as typical V. neomexicana, seems better placed as var. hirtella Perry, while Reeves R.1131 and Wentworth 1061 are var. xylopoda Perry, C, A. Brown mm 7409 and M and Montz 2485 are xV. a alleni Moldenke, Taylor & Tay- lor 6230 230 is V. mentheefolia Benth., | Hess & less & Stickney 3106 3406 and Hig= gins 9228 are ev. perennis Wooton, S. Walker Walker 7 76437 7 is V. | V. pinetorun Moldenke, and Meebold 26696 is V. racemosa emosa Eggert. Additional citations: TEXAS: Brewster Co.: Semple 357 (W— 2732729). ARIZONA: Pima Co.: J. A. care sen. [7 April 1972) (Ln—-235702). Santa Cruz Co.: “Reeves 21198 (N). MEXICO: Baje 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 2k5 California: Urbatsch, Clark, & Betkouski 136 (Ld). Coahuila: Barkley, Webster, & Rowell ster, & Rowell well 7189 (In—189725) . VERBENA NEOMEXICANA var. HIRTELLA Perry Additional bibliography: G. W. Thomas, Tex. Pl. Ecolog. Sum. 78. 1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 138 &'156 (1975) and 3h: 252. 1976. Arnold found thie plant growing on "steep gravelly hills and creek beds" in Coahuila. In Chihwahua the Spellenbergs encounter- ed the plant "on grassy knolls with mostly ocotillo, creosotebush, Yucca torreyi, sotol, and Hedyotis rubra". In Baja California Moran found it Soodastonal in disturbed roadside soil" and "occas- ional on sandy flats", at altitudes of 575-~1600 meters. Correll & Rollins encountered. it "on gravel knolls along roadsides" in Tex- as. The corollas are said to have been "deep=blue" on Moran 217h9, "blue" on Correll & Rollins 23652 and Moran 20727, "blue-violet" on Moran 2078 and Spellenberg & Spellenberg 3984, and "lavender" on Moran 16893; they were also "blue" on Henrickson 59h) Other recent collectors have found V. neomexicana var. hirtella growing in "calcareous gravel in chaparral on very steep slopes of limestone sierra", "in calcareous gravelly soil in matorral desérti- co microfilo on limestone slopes and limestone-conglomerate fan", "in rocky calcareous soil in crasirosulifolio espinosos izotal on steep slopes of metamorphosed shaly limestone", "in dark, sandy, grussy, gravelly loam on gentle slopes of extrusive igneous rock", "in sandy alluvium in matorral desértico inerme on gravel fans", in "calcareous gravelly soil in matorral con espinas laterales in can- yons through limestone", "on rocky northeast-facing slopes", in "rocky soil of matorral on steep slopes of igneous rocks with chap- arral and encinares (oak woods) higher up", in "rocky reddish clay soil of deserts", and in "limestone outcroppings in open Chihuamman Desert", in association with Yucca carnerosana, Agave parrasana, A. lecheguilla, Condalia warnockii, Berberis trifoliolata, Mammillaria meiacantha, Opunti puntia rufida, 0. oO. ‘lindheimeri, Acacia ri idula, V igui- era stenoloba, — aretia Wrightii, Dasylir Dasylirion, Que: Quercus, Lindleya, Krameria, Mimosa, Muhlenbergia , Pinus, Larrea, Jatropha, Parthenium, Leucophyllum, Pte Ptelea, Garrya, Tuglans, Flourensia, Buddleia, Fouqui- eria, Nama, grasses, and numerous anmals. Henrickson found it "in- frequent along highways". Additional citations: TEXAS: Presidio Co.: Correll & Rollins 23652 (N). MEXICO: Baja California: R. V. Moran n 16893 (Sd—76990), 20727 (Sd—88938), 20748 (Sd—88937), 21749 (Sd—-91271). Chilma~ Ima: A. A. Heller s.n. [April 6, 1897] ~ (In—93653); Henrickson 7617 (1d); Johnston, Wendt, & Chiang C. 10773b (1d); Spellenberg & Spel- lenberg 3984 (N); Wilson, Wilson, | Johnston, & Johnston Johnston 8510 a Coammila: E. T. Arnold 32 (Te—6856h); Hen Henrickzon bh (La), (Ld); Johnston, Wendt, & Chiang C. 1028hd (Id), 10500c (Ld), 2h6 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 36, no. 3 (Ld). Nuevo Leén: Johnston, Wendt, & aS C. 10235b (1d). Zan catecas: Johnston, Wendt, & Chiang C. "o. 10 9 (Ia). VERBENA NEOMEXICANA var. XYLOPODA Perry Additional bibliography: G. W. Thomas, Tex. Pl. Ecolog. Sum. 78. 1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 156 & 180. 1975. Recent collectors have encountered this variety on north-facing slopes with rock outcrops, calcareous stones and soils with scat—- tered oaks, on rocky outcrops with Fouquieria, and in Cercocarpus breviflorus scrub on limestone bedrock. Other collectors have found it growing in rocky limestone soil, in "sandy, grussy, gravelly loam in small creek canyons through extensive igneous rock", in "rocky soil in pastizal, badly degraded and in places invaded by shrubs", on "hill of igneous extrusives with partly volcanic ash red of red color", and in "grussy, gravel- ly, thin soil on rather steep hills of extrusive igneous rocks", growing in association with Parthenium incanum, Lippia graveolens, Jatropha dioica, Acacia neovernicosa, Bouteloua gracilis, Larrea, Quercus, Pinus, and Pseudotsuga. In Baja California Moran reports this variety "locally common on open upper south slopes", "scarce on ridges", "occasional in granitic soil on rocky hillsides", and "a small colony on dry rocky slope", at altitudes of 1025—121,0 meters. The corollas were "blue" on Moran 20983 & 22170, "blue-violet" on Moran 1826), "light-blue, paler in the center" on Moran 17658, and . "purple" on Powell, Turner, & Sikes 2h79. The Wentworth collection cited below is a voucher for ecologic studies. Additional citations: ARIZONA: Cochise Co.: Wentworth 1061 (N). Pinal Co.: Lehto, Hensel, & Pinkava 11033 (W--27367)1). Santa Cruz Co.: Reeves R.1131 (Ny. MEXICO: Baja California: R. V. Moran 17658 (Sd—-75054), 1826 1826), See 20983 (Sd—83866), 22170 (Sd--91462). Chilmahua: Chi C., Wendt, & Johnston 83lla la (Ld); Johnston, Wendt, & Chiang C. 1052) (Ld); Powell, Turn Turner, & | & Sikes 279 (Ld); Wils Wilson, Wilson, Johnston, & Johnston 8483 483 (La). Tamau- lipas: Kuiper & Kuiper-Lapré M.15 (Ut—-3286 37B) « VERBENA NIGRICANS Rojas Additional & emended bibliography: Krapovickas, Bol. Soc. Ar- gent. Bot. 11, Supl. 269. 1970; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 156 (1975) and 31: 388. 1975. VERBENA NIVEA Moldenke Additional synonymy: Glandularia nivea Mold. ex Moldenke, Phy= tologia 3h: 274, in syn. 1976. aanetouad bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 357 (197k) In pasties to the months previously reported by me, this plant has been collected in fruit in February. 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 2h7 The Legname & Vervoorst 101, distributed as V. nivea, actually is V. microphylla H.B.K. VERBENA OCCULTA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 376=~377 (1972) and 3h: 258. 1976; Soukup, Biota 11: 19. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 148. 1977. Material of this species has been misidentified and distribu- ted in some herbaria as V. calcicola Walp. and V. clavata Ruiz & Pay. Additional citations: PERU: Arequipa: Princess Therese of Ba~ varia 281 (Mu). a VERBENA OCCULTA f. ALBA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 377..1972; Soukup, Biota ll: 19. 1976. VERBENA OCCULTA f. AURANTIACA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 377. 1972; Soukup, Biota 11: 19. 1976. VERBENA OFFICINALIS L. Additional synonymy: Verbena vulgaris folio variegato Breyn., Prodr. Fasc. Rar. Pl., ed. 2, 2: 104. 1739. Additional & emended bibliography: Apul. Barb., Herb., ed. 1. 180-183; Anon., Dialogue des Créatures, 30th dial. 1482; Apul. Barb., Herb., ed. 2. 1528; Anon., Bastiment des Receptes fol. 59 vert. 15ll; H. Bock [Tragus], Stirp. Max. Germ. 102. 1552; Dill. in Ray, Synop. Meth. Stirp. Brit., ed. 3, 236. 172k; L., Hort. Cliff., imp. 1, 11. 1737; Breyn., Prodr. Fasc. Rar. Pl., ed. 2, 2: 10h. 1739; Strand in L., Amon. Acad. 69: hh9. 1756; Chomel, Abrég. Hist. Pl. Usuel., ed. 6, 2 (2): 85--87 & 251. 1761; Ginanni, Istor. Civ. Nat. Pinet. Ravenn. 177. 1774; Chomel, Abrég. Hist. Pl. Usuel., ed. 6 nov., 313 & 637. 1782; F. Hernan- dez, Hist. Pl. Nuev. Espafi., ed. 1, 1: 139 & 439 (1790) and ed. 1, 3: 3 & 486. 1790; R. A. Salisb., Prodr. 71. 1796; Chomel, Abrég. Hist. Pl. Usuel., ed. 7, 1: 495 (1803) and ed. 7, 2: 488. 1803; 243. 1823; Dierbach, Arzneimit. Hippok. 85 & 270. 182; A. Rich. [transl. G, Kunze], Med. Bot. 1: 381 (182k) and 2: 1302. 1826; G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 247 (1830) and ed. 2, 27. 1832; Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 552. 1832; A. Dietr., Handb. Pharmaceut. Bot. 11) & 12. 1837; D. Dietr., Taschenb. Arzneigew. Deutschl. 58 & 262. 1838; G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 247. 1839; Spach, Hist. Nat. Veg. Phan. 9: 237. 180; Webb in Hook., Niger Fl. 161. 1849; Anon., Chroniqueur du Périgord 120. 1853; F. Lenormant, Bull. Sic. Bot. France 2: 315—320. 1855; Schnitzlein, Iconofr. Fam. Nat. 2: 137 Verbenac. [2] & 137, fig. 4-22 & 30. 1856; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 495 & 96. 1858; Symphor Vaudor$, Lettr. Vieux Laboureur 88. 1867; J. Cou- sin, Secr. Mag. 1868: 7, 37, & 45. 1868; Chenaux, Le Diable & Ses 218 PHY, T:0'L:0 G2 A Vol. 3%, no. 3 Cornes 53 & 54. 18763; Anon., Rev. du Tarn 1877: 39. 1877; Franch., Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, ser. 2, 6: 112 [Pl. David. 1: 232]. 1883; Strobl, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 33: 06. 1883; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 510. 1891; J. Camus, Récept. Fran¢. in Bull. Soc. Syndic. Pharmac. Céte-d'Or. 10. 1892; J. Feller, Bull. Folklore 2: 105--109. 1893; Nairne, Flow. Pl. West. India 219. 1894; Van Tie=- ghem, Elém. Bot., ed. 3, 2: 373. 1898; Bidault, Superst. Méd. Mor- van 3%. 1899; Diels, Fl. Cent.-China 547. 19023 Anon., Rev. Tradit. Populaires 190: 162 (1904) anf 1905: 160 & 296. 1905; Druce & Vines, Dill. Herb. 78. 1907; Rolland, Fl. Populaire 8: 38—3. 1910; Gilg in Engl., Syllab. Pflanzenfam., ed. 7, 314, fig. 13C. 1912; Loes., Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 53: 7h. 1912; Gilg in Engl., Syllab. Pflanzenfam., ed. 8, 318, fig. 413C (1919) and ed. 9 & 10, 339, fig. h18C. 192k; Robledo, Bot. Med. 267. 192k; Krause in Just, Bot. Jahresber. hh: 1172. 1926; Fedde in Just, Bot. Jahresber. h): 153h. 1927; Freise, Bol. Agric. So Paulo 3h: 80 & 49h. 1933; Gunther, Herb. Apul. Barb. [16v], [35v], 106, 128, 129, & 133. 1935; E. D. Merr., Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., ser. 2, 2h (2): [Comm. Lour.] 331 & hhh. 1935; Diels in Engl., Syllab. Pflanzenfam., ed. ll, 339, fig. 432C. 1936; F. Hernandez, Hist. Pl. Nuev. Espafi., ed. 2, 653 & 67h. 19435 Roi, Atl. Pl. Méd. Chin. [Mus. Heude Bot. Bot. Chin. 8:] 96. 1946; Hatta, Kubo, & Watanabe, List Med. Pl. 1k. 1952; Sonohara, Tawada, & Amano [ed. E. H. Walker], Fl. Okin. 132. 1952; Pételot, Arch. Recherch. Agron. & Past. Viet. 18: [253]. 1953; Pételot, Pl. Méd. Camb. Laos & Viet. 2: 23 (1954) and hk: 21, 39, 70, 170, 18h, 193, 208, & 300. 195k; L., Hort. Cliff., imp. 2, 11. 1968; J. Hutchinson, Evol. & Phylog. Flow. Pl. Dicot. 70, fig. 1h. 1969; Rimpler, Lloydia 33: 491. 1970; Saxena, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 12: 56. 1970; Scully, Treas. Am. Ind. Herbs 283. 1970; Anon., Bioresearch Ind. 7: 1061. 19713 Kachroo, Singh, & Malik, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 13: 52. 1971; Kaul, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 13: 20. 1971; Gilmour, Thom. Johnson 31, 50, 78, 106, 107, & 122. 1972; Healy, Gard. Guide Pl. Names 37 & 225. 19723 Frohne & Jensen, Sys- tem. Pflanzenr. 203, 261, & 305. 1973; Hilbig, Wiss. Zeitschr. Mart. Luth. Univ. Halle 22: 56 & 102. 1973; Law, Concise Herb. En= cycl. 85 & 263. 1973; El-Gazzar, Egypt. Journ. Bot. 17: 75 & 78. 19743 Ellenberg, Script. Geobot. 9: 80. 1974; Farnsworth, Pharma- cog. Titles 9 th): x. 197k; R. D. Gibbs, Chemotax. Flow. Pl. 3: 1752—-1755 (197k) and hz: 2295. 19743 Leén & Alain, Fl. Cuba, imp. 2, 2: 281. 197); Loewenfeld & Back, Complete Book Herbs & Spices 261-=26). 19743 A. & D. Love, Cytotax. Atl. Slov. Fl. 601 & 12). 1974; Portéres, Journ. Agric. Trop, & Bot. Appl. 21: 6. 197h3 Stanley & Linskens, Pollen 47, 95, & 306. 197h; Sunding, Garcia de Ort. Bot. 2: 20. 197h; Tackholm, Stud. Fl. Egypt, ed. 2, Sh. 197h3 Whitney in Foley, Herbs Use & Delight (207). 197h; R. & A. Fitter, Wild Fls. Brit. & N. Eu. 192, 193, & 336. 1975; Kooiman, Act. Bot. Neerl. 2h: 46h. 1975; Lépez—Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andes 15: 88, 90, & 93. 1975; Weberling & Schwantes, Pflanzensyst., ed. 2 (Ulmer, Uni-Taschenb. 62:] 1h). 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 156—161 (1975), 312 L10 & 12 (1975), and 3h: 249, 254, 260— 262, 266, & 279. 19763 Anon., Biol. Abstr. 61: AC1.732. 19763 Gal- 1977 Moldenke, notes on Verbena 29 iano & Cabezudo, Lagascalia 6: 150. 1976; Keys, Chinese Herbs 283—- 28 & 387. 1976; Lakela, Long, Fleming, & Genelle, Pl. Tampa Bay, ed. 3 (Bot. Lab. Univ. S. Fla. Contrib. 73:] 116 & 182. 19763 Lousley, Fl. Surrey 282, map 268. 1976; Soukup, Biota 11: 19. 1976; E. H. Walker, Fl. Okin.& South. Ryuk. §83—~88),. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 3%: 0, 126, 138, & 152. 1977; A. L. Moldenke, Phytolo- gia 36: 87. 1977. Additional illustrations: H. Bock [Tragus], Stirp. Max. Germ. 102. 15523 Schnitzlein, Iconogr. Fam. Nat. 2: 137 Verbenac. fig. l- 22 [partly in color] & 30. 1856; Van Tieghem, Elém. Bot., ed. 3, 2: 373. 1898; Gilg in Engl., Syllab. Pflanzenfam., ed. 7, 31h, fig. 413 C (1912), ed. 8, 318, fig. 413 C (1919), and ed. 9 & 10, 339, fig. 418 C. 192); Gunther, Herb. Apul. Barb. (16v]. 1935; Diels in Engl., Syllab. Pflanzenfam., ed. ll, 339, fig. 32 C. 1936; Roi, Atl. Pl. Méd. Chin. [Mus. Heude Not. Bot. Chin. 8:] 96. 196; J. Hutchinson, Evol. & Phylog. Flow. Pl. Dicot. 70, fig. L1h. 1969; Loewenfeld & Back, Complete Book Herbs & Spices (262) - 19745 R. & A. Fitter, Wild Fls. Brit. & N. Bu. 193, fig. 7 (in color). 1975; Keys, Chinese Herbs 283. 1976. Recent collectors have encountered this plant "along water chan- nels", in irrigated wheat fields, and "on granite substrate". Lakela and her associates (1976) aver that in the Tampa Bay [Florida] area V. officinalis inhabits "trails, wooded lots, [and] burns", flowering from sprint to fall, but it is most probable that the reference here is to V. halei Small. Mrs. Clemens refers to V. officinalis as a "common weed" in Queensland. Hendricks 590, cited below, was "purchased in market place" in Durango, Mexico, and is questionably referred here — it may, instead, actually represent the top portion of a native Mexican species. Hutchinson (1969) regards the Verbenaceae (of which Verbena of- ficinalis is the type species of the type gemus) as the culmination of the "fundamentally woody phylum, Lignosae" and therefore "at the end of the author's system" of classification of flowering plants (dicotyledons) . Sunding (1974) records V. officinalis from Santiago Island in the Cape Verde Islands, citing Sunding 2849, while Webb (1849) cites Hooker f. 120 from Santo Jacobi island. Saxena (1970) reports it as "Rare in open places" in India, citing Indorkar 111)6. Kaul (1971) refers to it as an "Annual herb. Flowers pinkish white" and found it to be "rare" in Kashmir, India, flowering and fruiting there from June to August, citing Kaul 62S. Strand (1756) records it from Palestine. Sonohara and his associates (1952) refer to it as "A perennial herb, common on plains; used for drugs" in Okinawa and re- cords the common name, "kumatsuzura". Walker (1976) cites Hatusima 24199 from Yonaguni island. Lousley (1976) reports that in Surrey (England) it is "locally frequent" in "Chalk downs, quarries, waste Places and roadsides, indry places on chalk or gravel soils. Most common on the chalk." 250 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 3%, no. 3 The illustration given by Loewenfeld & Back (1974), purporting to depict V. officinalis, is horribly poor and most unrepresenta- tive of that taxon. The illustration given by Schnitzlein (1856), purporting to be of V. supina L., seems to represent V. officin- alis instead. Friese (1933) comments that "A familia das Verbenaceas conta no Estado do Espirito Santo [Brazil] uma representante nfo des- cripta ainda, pertencente ao genero Verbena, bem affim & especie V. officinalis L., em férma de subarbusto escandente, parcamente armado de espinhos; folhas oppostas e denteadas; inflorescencia em férma de espiga com fléres amarellas ou brancas; fruto drupa- ceo", This he follows with a description of the medicinal uses for the leaves, but it is most uncertain to what plant he is here referring: possibly a Lantana, but most certainly not Verbena of- ficinalis! meer e Petélot (1953) affirms that V. officinalis "Répandue dans toutes les régions tempérées et méme tropicales" [in Indochina]. "C'est une plante amére légérement tonique. Au Centre-Vietnam, la plante est considérée comme amére et aromatique et Loureiro... signale qu'elle est employe en décoction contre l'hydropisie et en cataplasmes sur les tumeurs du scrotum. D'aprés le R. P. Ro- bert, elle passe pour régulariser les menstrues et pour guérir la "boule hystérique'. Pour cela, on en prépare une purée que l'on fait cuire et qui se prend avec de l'alcohol de riz." The Chin- ese name for the plant there is "ma pien ts'ao", the Vietnamese name is "cd roi ngya", and in Mexico the Mayan name is "chichi~ antic", Linnaeus (1737) says of this species "Crescit juxta areas & vias inque locis ruderatis per Belgium, Angliam, Galliam, &c." Breyne (1739) says of it "VERBENA vulgaris folio variegato; nobis In Horto Honestissimae Sapientissimaeque Matronae, Domine de Flines, collegims, Verbenae Notae: 1) Flores tubulosi, in ex- tremo vix galeati & labiati, in caulium nec non ramorum summo, vel etiam in virgulis longis e foliorum sede exeuntibus spicatim ut plurimum dispositi; 2) Calix foliolis constructus; 3) Semina quaterna oblonga." In addition to the several hundred vernacular names recorded by me in previous installments of this series of notes, Rolland (1910) lists the following: "aelius", “auricula vervicina", “ayén nouthay", “barbaéntano", "barbénéga", "barb4no", "barbéra", "barlenn", "benerea", "beneria", "berbeana", "bérbés", "bérbén", "berbenaca", "bérbéno", “"bérbiéno", "bérmay'no", "bérméno", "biscopwurtil", "bona herba Veneris", "bonion", "bordéno", "botanica", "bouono barbéno", "brébouane", “centrum galli", "cincinalis", “clumbeina", "columbaire", "columbaria", "columbar= is", "columbina recta", "columbyne", "créy' jéta", "oréy'séta", "“crijéta", "crista gallinacia", "crous", "dametra", "darbéno", "demedria", "demetina", "demetria", "diosatim", "diosatin", “eisebrich", "emagallis", “erba colombina", "erba de san-Gioan", "erba milzea", "erba minsaea", "erbo crousado", “erbo crusado", “8rbo dé la merbélho", "érbo dé la rato", "erbo dé lo bérbéno". [to be continued] HELICONIA IN NICARAGUA Robert R. Smith Hartwick College, Oneonta, N.Y. The flora of Nicaragua is presently being studied by Mr. Frank C. Seymour of The Herbarium, University of Florida. Mr. Seymour and companions have made six expeditions to Nicaragua between 1968 and 1975. Several collections of Heliconia were made on these expeditions. With the encouragement of Mr. Seymour, the author, utilizing the Seymour collection and information accumulated in a thesis on the genus Heliconia of Middle America, decided to con- tribute to the flora of Nicaragua by writing the "Heliconia in Nicaragua". The format of this paper is similar to "Cassia in Nicaragua" by Mr. Seymour. It consists of an introduction, generic description, artificial key to the species of Heliconia in Nicaragua, an annotated systematic list. Since there are a new species and two new varieties whose ranges include Nicaragua, a section on new names and combinations follows the annotated systematic list. The genus Heliconia is included in the family Musaceae. It is characterized in the following manner: perennial, herbaceous, erect plants of various heights (1-5 m., occasionally taller); musoid or cannoid habit. Leaves frequently large, distichous or appear as such. Inflorescence terminal, erect or pendulous, con- sisting of few to many, usually bright colored, boat-shaped branch- bracts, either distichous or spirally arranged. Branch-bracts enclose clusters of flowers. Each flower subtended by a floral- bract. Flowers perfect. Perianth consists of two whorls; calyx with connate abaxial sepals, free adaxial sepals; corolla with connate petals except for free margins opposite adaxial sepal. Stamens 6, 5 functional and one staminode. Anthers linear. Stigma lobed, clavate or subclavate. Style filiform, straight or genic- ulate. Overy inferior; fruit 3-loculed, berry-like (fleshy schizo- carp). Seed stony. ARTIFICIAL KEY TO THE SPECIES A. Branch-bracts overlapping forming close-knit spike, rachis COVELEH, werccceccnccscvccecsccccecsccccescesecceeseesessesess B B. Inflorescence pendent...cccccccvcecsscevcceecese Hs. mariae B. Inflorescence erect.ccesccccsevcecevcvcessvees He imbricata 251 252 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 36, no. 3 Branch-bracts separated (distant on rachis) with rachis showing, or partially overlapping with thick branch-bracts 12-18 cm. long seoeeeseeeeseeeeseeeeeseeeeseeeeeseseeeeeeseeeseeseeseeeseeseeeseeeeesen C Maturewanhl oreseences pendenibryelalslalsialctsls\elelulelelslsle/alslelsielsleleiistelsnr D. Branch-bracts spiralled...sscscscecceeeee He COllinsiana D. Branch-bracts distichous...ssesscescccens He Longa Mature intmlorescenCes CreCtr. sie\cjala\slelelels\e nis) sle sis\s\a)lalaials|sistaislaisiolet Inflorescence sessile or subsessile, branch-bracts thick, deep boat-shaped, may be partially overlapping with rachis diameter 1 cM. OF MOTE...caccsccceeescesceeve He. Wagneriana Inflorescence usually peduncled, branch-bracts not thick, moderate to shallow boat-shaped with rachis diameter less asia Ik Cis wales oggog0bdDDGDUdoDnOGbaGonebUONsoadc00000000 It F. Plants with cannoid habit; leaves sessile or nearly so; Teak—plademnote more Ghani 5p Cilen Ove cals) uelsielslel-lolelstelstelaiate Cr G. Branch-bracts orange, flowers white or cream-white Sueletaletete/elehal sNelelelebsioieleselelsistsie/sisialsis\aie)aie)eielele leks lalst