APD RAL Plt am PAB < OS Seed Pa M! Se : Belhed Bes anigk 1p 1 Lesh by Sando cay ce Lace een UII eRe Mes S21 cede nee ad eT DERE TEO EERE A PAP hehe erin om * PHYTOLOGIA Designed to expedite botanical publication Vol. 38 December 1977 No. 1 CONTENTS ST. JOHN, H., Plants of the Sandwich Islands collected by EME ‘MICNZIES << ayer A AES dastteek Coeiv in tas Falters CUATRECASAS, J., Miscellaneous notes on neotropical flora, IX ..... 7 MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the Eriocaulaceae. LXXVIII .. 23 MAXWELL, R. H., A résumé of the genus Cleobulia (Leguminosae) and its relation to the genus Dioclea................. 51 GLASSMAN, S. F., Notes on Syagrus microphylla Burret .......... 66 Meme. A. L., Book reviews ........-.00.c0ceccaeccec 69 LIBRARY DEC 12 1977 IXTLAS Aamir NEVV eine bX TANICAL GARDEN Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 303 Parkside Road Plainfield, New Jersey 07060 US.A. Price of this number $1.50; per volume $9.75 in advance or $10.50 after close of __ the volume; 75 cents extra to all foreign addresses; 512 pages constitute a volume; claims for numbers lost in the mails must be made immediately after receipt of the next following number. "a PLANTS OF THE SANDWICH ISLANDS COLLECTED BY ARCHIBALD MENZIES Harold St. John Bishop Museum, Box 6037, Honolulu, Hawaii 96818, USA. Introduction Dr. Archibald Menzies MD. made his second explor- ation of the Pacific Islands while surgeon and naturalist on HMS. Discovery under Capt. George Vancouver. In each of the years 1792, 1793, and 1794 they visited the Sandwich (= Hawaiian) Islands, and they explored on the six largest islands of the group. Menzies had botanical knowledge and interest, and he collected plant specimens. He made noteworthy trips to the summits of Hualalai and of Mauna Loa, on Hawaii Island. Today it would be of great inter- est to know the exact localities at which he collec- ed his specimens. He kept a journal, and it records many other details, but almost nothing on botany. When near- ing home the captain ordered Menzies to turn over this journal. Menzies refused, was placed under arrest, discharged from the navy, and forbidden to publish anything about the trip. This foolish insubordination of hiscaused the loss of much bot- anical information. His plant specimens were placed in the British Museum of Natural History, but no list of them was kept, and there has been no summary of them. In 1950 and 1975 the writer spent a total of five weeks searching in this herbarium for early collections from the Pacific Islands. He identified many that were unnamed, and compiled lists of the significant collections, one being of the Menzies plants from the Sandwich Islands. It has been argued that the locality data on the Menzies specimens is untrustworthy. The present list gives a basis for a judgement on this question. Two endemic Sandwich Islands plants were lab- eled merely Insulae Oceani Pacifici. They were: Marattia Douglasii (Presl) Baker Microsprium spectrum (Kaulf.) Copel. One plant labeled as from the Sandwich Islands 1 2 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 1 was described as Zemisne Menziesii Degener & Sherff, but it has proven to be Scalesia affinis Hook. £., subsp. gqgumifera (Hook. £:)} Harling, 7a native of the Galapagos Islands. One unmounted fern, Pityrogramma triangularis (Kaulf.) Maxon, was labeled Sandwich Islands, Menzies, but it was an exact match for and evidently a part of the collection from New Georgia, of this fern, native from British Columbia to Lower California. A specimen of Acrostichum aureum L., determin- ed by Solander, was labeled by Carruthers Sandwich Islands, A. Menzies, 1792-3. This fern is pantropic, but is not a part of the Hawaiian native flora. Besides these questionable ones, there were found among the Menzies plants 65 endemic Hawaiian species labeled Sandwich Islands; and 18 more with also the particular island names, Owhyhee, Mowee, Ouau, and Atoi, or as they are now spelled Hawaii, Maui, Oahu, and Kauai. So, of the 95 Menzies collections marked Sandwich Islands, 92 are centainly correct, but 3 are erroneous. The percentage of error is about 3%. Consequently, in lack of any other pertinent evidence, the Sandwich Islands plant records by A. Menzies should be accepted just as originally recorded. LIST OF SANDWICH ISLANDS COLLECTIONS BY MENZIES PTERIDOPHYTA Psilotaceae Psilotum nudum (L.) Griseb., 1792-3. Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium cernuum L., 1792-3. h Lycopodium polytrichoides Kaulf., two sgets. Selaginellaceae Selaginella arbuscula (Kaulf.) Spring, 1792-3. Selaginella Menziesii (Hook. & Grev.) Spring Selaginella sandvicense Baker, holotype. Marattiaceae Marattia Douglasii (Presl) Baker, Insulae Oceani Pacifici. 1977 St. John, Plants of Sandwich Islands Hymenophyllaceae Sphaerocionium lanceolatum (H. & A.) Copel. Insulae Oceani Pacifici. Vandenboschia davallioides (Gaud.) Copel., 1792-3. Dicksoniacaee Cibotium glaucum (Sm.) H. & A., Owhyhee (=Hawaii two sheets. Pteridaceae Doryopteris decipiens (Hook.) J. Sm., 1792-3. Microlepia setosa (Sm.) Alston. Pellaea ternifolia (Cav.) Link., 1792-3. Pteridium aguilinum (L.) Kuhn, var. decompositum (Gaud.) Tryon, 1792-3. Beers Cretica lL. , 1792=3. Pteris irregularis Kaulf., 1792-3. Sphenomeris chinensis (L.) Maxon. Blechnaceae Doodia Kunthiana Gaud., 1792-3. Aspleniaceae Asplenium densum Brack., 1792-3. Asplenium rhipidoneuron W. J. Robins., 1792-3. Asplenium schizophyllum C. Chr. Diellia Mannii (Eaton) W. J. Robins. Aspidiaceae Athyrium Arnottii (Brack.) Milde. Athyrium microphyllum (Sm.) Alston, 1792-3. Cystopteris Douglasii Hook. Elaphoglossum alatum Gaud. Elaphoglossum hirtum (Sw.) C. Chr., var. micans (Mett.) C. Chr. Polypodiaceae Amphoradenium tamarscinum (Kaulf.) Copel. Owhyhee (= Herat Grammitis Hookeri (Brack.) Copel., 1792-3. Microsorium spectrum (Kaulf.) Copel., Insulae Oceani Pacifici. Polypodium pellucidum Kaulf., 1792-3. Thelypteridaceae Christella cyatheoides (Kaulf.) Holttum. Cyclosorus interruptus (Willd.) H. Ito. Pneumatopteris sandwicensis (Brack.) Holttum. h Pd YD GiieOG LA Vol. 38, no. 1 PHANEROGAMAE Gramineae Sporobolus virginicus (L.) Kunth, Atooi (= Kauai), Sepr. 1787, two sheets. Evidently by Menzies on the Capt. Colnett voyage of the "Prince of Wales.* Cyperaceae Cyperus sandwicensis Kuek., Owhyhee, Byron's Bay, (= Hawaii, Hilo Bay). Scirpus validus Vahl, Ouau (= Oahu), determined by Nuttall. Liliaceae Astelia Menziesiana Sm., Sandwich Islands, Messrs. Menzies & Dav. Nelson, two sheets. Data com- bined and confused. Holotype or paratype. Urticaceae Pipturus Brighamii Skottsb. Santalaceae Exocarpus Gaudichaudii A.DC. Polygonaceae Rumex giganteus Ait. f., mixed with Dav. Nelson collection. Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium oahuense (Meyen) Aellen, Mowee (= Maui), two sheets. Amaranthaceae Achyranthes splendens Mart. ex Mog., Mowee (= Maui). Alternanthera Menziesii St. John. Charpentiera obovata Gaud. Phytolaccaceae Phytolacca sandwicensis Endl. Capparidaceae Capparis sandwichiana DC., var. sandwichiana. Rosaceae Osteomeles anthyllidifolia Lindl., 1794. Rubus hawaiiensis Gray, 1794. Messrs. Menzies & Dav. Nelson, three branches mi=xed and confused. Leguminosae Caesalpinia Bonduc (L.) Roxb. Erythrina sandwicensis Deg., 1794. Mezoneuron kavaiense (Mann) Hbd. Sophora chrysophylla (Salisb.) Seem. 1977 St. John, Plants of Sandwich Islands Geraniaceae Geranium cuneatum Hook., on top of mountains. Sapindaceae Dodonaea eriocarpa Sm. Dodonaea viscosa Jacq., f. spatulata (Sm.) Sherff. Malvaceae Abutilon incanum (Link) Sweet. Gossypium tomentosum Nutt., Messrs. Menzies & Dav. Nelson. Specimens combined, data confused. Sida fallax Walp, two sheets. Thymeliaceae Wikstroemia eugenioides Skottsb., Mowee (= Maui). Myrtaceae Eugenia malaccensis L., Mowee (= Maui), two sheets. Metrosideros polymorpha Gaud., two sheets. Onagraceae Ludwigia octivalvis (Jacq.) Raven, 1794. Araliaceae Cheirodendron trigynum (Gaud.) Heller, two sheets, one of them mixed with the Dav. Nelson collection. Umbelliferae Spermolepis hawaiiensis Wolff, Mowee (= Maui). Ericaceae Vaccinium calycinum Sm., mounted with a Dav. Nelson collection. Vaccinium dentatum Sm., mounted with a Dav. Nelson collection of V. reticulatum. Vaccinium reticulatum Sm., mounted with a Dav. Nelson collection of the same species. Epacridaceae Styphelia Douglasii (Gray) F. Muell. ex Skottsb., Mowee (= Maui). Mounted with a Dav. Nelson collection of S. Tameiameiae. Styphelia Tameiameiae (Cham.) F. Muell., Mowee (= Maui), 1794, and two other sheets, one approaching var. Brownii (Gray) St. John, and mixed with a Dav. Nelson collection. Myrsinaceae Myrsine lanaiensis Hbd., Mowee (= Maui). Convolvulaceae Cuscuta sandwichiana Choisy, Owhyhee (= Hawaii). Jacquemontia sandwicensis Gray, mounted with a Dav. Nelson specimen. 6 PHY T.00-0:G2D2 Vol. 38, now. 1 Labiatae Phyllostegia brevidens Gray, Mowee (= Maui). This is the first record for Maui, if the data are correct. It was mixed with P. glabra, var. Macraei, Mann & Brigham 224. Phyllostegia macrophylla (Gaud.) Benth., two sheets, one mounted with a Dav. Nelson coll- tion. Phyllostegia mollis Benth. Stenogyne scrophularioides Benth. Solanaceae Solanum puberulum Nutt. Solanum sandwicense H. & A., Ouau (= Oahu), determined by Nuttall. Myoporaceae Myoporum sandwicense Gray, mixed with a Dav. Nelson collection. Plantaginaceae Plantago princeps C. & S., Mowee (= Maui). Rubiaceae Coprosma ernodeoides Gray, Hawaii, 1793. Coprosma montana Hbd., var. montana, Hawaii, eS Hedyotis Schlechtendahliana Steud., subsp. tenuifolia Fosb., 1793, determined by Fosberg. Lobeliaceae Clermontia coerulea Hbd., 1794, two sheets. Compositae Bidens asymmetrica (Lévl.) Sherff, determined by Sherff. Bidens Menziesii (Gray) Sherff, Bidens micrantha Gaud. Lipochaeta connata (Gaud.) DC., determined by Sherfé£. Lipochaeta lavarum (Gaud.) DC., two sheets. Railliardia ciliolata DC., var. juniperoides Gray, on the top of mountains. The collection dates when given as 1792-3, were added at a later time, mostly by Carruthers, apparently with the idea that those were the limits of his visits, while actually he made these visits on Vancouvers's voyage in 1792, 1793, and 1794. MISCELLANEOUS NOTES ON NEOTROPICAL FLORA, IX. by José Cuatrecasas Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution Washington, D.C. 20560 The present notes are descriptions of new taxa in the genus Espeletia, Compositae, extracted from studies for the forthcoming revision in preparation, following similar lines of the previous contributions of this series. See PHYTOLOGIA 32 (4): 312-326, 1975, and vol. 35(1): 43-61, 1976. The basic work for these notes has been partially sponsored by the National Science Foundation (Grant GB 32086). ESPELETIA ROBERTI Cuatr. sp. nov. Caulirosula habitu alba moderate laxeque foliata, 40-60 cm ampla, trunco brevi vel usque ad 70 cm alto cum foliis marces- centibus dense tecto. Folia coriacea crassiuscula rigidula utrinque dense albo- lanata, in totum 30-40 cm longa. Lamina anguste elongato- elliptica, oblongo-oblanceolata, apice acuta inferne gradatim attenuata et in ad modum pseudopetioli angustissime marginati angustata, 26-35 cm longa, 2-3.2 cm lata, ratio 9-12:1 (-16:1), supra basim infra indumentum 4-7 mm minima latitudine, margine integra revolutaque; indumento amoto adaxiale leviter rugulosa asperulaque, costa plana vel leviter impressa vel inferne levi- ter elevata, nervis secundariis parum visibilibus, abaxiale costa bene elevata lateraliter argute angulata sed dorso plano et argute striato, nervis secundariis prominentibus in angulo O- 50° ascendentibus marginem versus arcuatis anastomosantibus, nervis tertiis transversis etiam prominentibus, flexuosis et cum minoribus in reticulo elevato anastomosatis, alveolis ovalibus profundis cum pilis minutis visu albissimus nitidis repletis; adaxiale spisse lanata et villosa pilis longis densis basim 2-3- Spiraliter contortis spiris adpressis, sed extremo elongatis undulato-ascendentibus ad superficiem parallellis subadpressis insuper velo sericeo plus minusve villoso-barbato (praecipue in juvenilis) instructis; abaxiale magis crasse lanata in nerva- tione pilis basi incrassata densissimis plurispiraliter patulis in lana crispa intricatis, ad costam densioribus basi crispis ceterum ascendentibus et insuper adpresse sericeis instructis. Pseudopetiolus plus minusve manifestus 4-6 (-8) cm longus, indu- mento crasso amoto 5-7 mm latus, costa crassa baxiale argute striata lateraliter cum lamina decurrenti revolutaque anguste vel angustissime marginata, basi robustior triangulare dilatata et in vaginam producta. Vagina 5-8 x 3-4.5 em, coriacea trape- ciale oblonga apice obtusa basim versus leviter dilatata, multi- paralleli-nervata adaxiale glabra abaxiale villoso-sericeo- t 8 Pere 1.0: 6G Fs Vol. 38, no. 1 barbata pilis strictissimis albidis antrorsis parallelis circa 25 mm longis. Folia incipientia gemmae terminalis densissime crassissimeque plurispiraliter crispo-lanata et insuper dense aureo val albo-sericea. Inflorescentice axillares saepe plurae (4-8) interdum numerosae coetaneae in rosula, foliis duplo vel ultra longiores. Axes 50-80 em longi; pars proximalis vegetativa 1-2-paribus foliorum parte media et circa basim insertis; foliis proximali- bus basilaribus 3.5-8(-11) em supra basim orientibus, 22-15 cm longis longe vaginantibus, laminis lineari-sublanceolatis coriaceis rigidulis textura indumentoque illis rosulariis similibus sed angustioribus, vaginis 3.5-4 em longis membrana- ceis ad axem amplectente adpressis, basi in tubum 1.5-2 cm longum connatis; in aliquot speciminibus foliis basilaribus absentibus; foliis medialibus similibus sed minoribus 8-11 (-14) x 0.8-1.3 (1.8) cm, subacutis crassiusculis rigidis, vagina 2.5-3.5 cm adpressa, tubo O.4-1.3 cm longo. Pars distalis fertilis cyma simplice tricephala terminalis bibracteata vero instructa, pedunculo centrali 4-7 cm lateralibus bracteatis 3-6 em longis, bracteis subcoriaceis ellipticis subacutatis basi conecava breviter connatis amplectentibus intus glabris multi- parallele nervatis extus crasse flavescente lanatis; ad apicem pedunculum centralem bractea una vel duae additionales ellipti- cae concavae basi amplectentes crasse aureo-crispo-lanatae ad capitulum adpressae saepe praesentes. Capitula ampla vel magna in sicco (30-) 40-55 cm diametientia, lateralia quam terminale minora (30-40 mm), omnia nutantia. Saepissime capitula latera- lia non evoluta, inflorescentia capitulum singulum terminalem sed cum omnibus bracteis subtendentibus adsunt reducta est. Inter- dum synflorescentiae 5 (-4) capitulis instructae, 2-1 paracladiis monocephalis additionalibus evolutis, intenodio fertili ad 26 cm longo paracladiis ad 18 em longis. Axes foliaque crasse molli- terque albo-lanata insuper albo longe barbata, base axibus longe sericeo-barbata pilis antrorsis ad 25 mm longis, parte distali seu pedunculi capitula bracteaeque crassissime aureo vel luteo- crispo-lanatae. Capituta ampla subgloboso-campanulata aureo-lanata (390-) 500-800 flores ferentia, ligulis amotis 30-50 mm circulo ligu- lari 40-50 mm disco 24-28 mm diametro. Involucrum cupulato- campanulatum 30-43 mm diam, 16-22 mm altum. Phyllaria sterilia pluriseriata circa 20 (16-22), saepe 1-2 magis externa 30-21 x 21-18 mm, ovata vel elliptica subacuta, 4-6 sequentia 27-21 x 18- 5 mm, late ovata obtusa vel interdum subite acutata, basi con- cava, crasse herbacea intus multinervata glabra apice lanata excepta, extus crasse aureo-lanata, sequentia 3-7 intermedia 2l- 17 x 13-8 mm, elliptico-oblonga subite vel attenuate acutata, extus dense lanuginosa, et circa 9 interiora 17-14 x 8-5 m, oblonga vel elliptico-oblonga acuta vel subacuta tenuiora dorso dense lanuginea. Interdum phyllaria exteriora angustiora e.g., 25-23 x 10 mm, elliptica acutata. Phyllaria fertilia 15-13(-11) x 6-4 mm, elliptico-oblonga vel lance-oblonga, subacuta vel acuta vel subite acutata, firme membrancea basi incrassata plana LOTT Cuatrecasas, Notes on neotropical flora 9 extus lanata vel lanuginosa vel villoso-lanuginosa apice lanu- gineo-barbato, pilis 1.5 mm, adaxiale tenuiter 3-5 barbata, media et interiora 12-10 x 1-3 mm, Ovalia acuta firme scariosa basi indurato-incrassata, amplectentia, tenuiter plurinervata dorso plus minusve, subapice apiceque ferrugineo barbulata, pilis 1.5-0.5 mm longis flexuosis acutis, et copiose glanduli- fera glandulis erectis 0.5-0.8 mm longis. Receptaculum planum glabrum, 16-18 mm diametro. Paleae 11-9 x 4-3 (-2) mm, scariosae basi incrassatae, ovales vel elliptico-oblongae, acutae vel sub- acutae, naviculare amplectentes tenuiter multinervatae costa magis notata extremo apice excepto dorsale barbulatae pilis flexuosis 0.5-1.5 mm acutis, margine dorso apiceque copiose glanduliferae glandulis erectis 0.03-0.1 mm. Flores radii ligulati 85-153 in capitulo. Corolla lutea 13-20 mm longa, tubo 3-465 mi, interdum apice dente adaxiale brevi munito, copiose vel densiuscule glandulifero, glandulis columnaribus basim incrassatis 0.05-0.1 mm patulo-ascendentibus adaxiale saepe praecipue basi et apicem parcis vel raris pilis tenuibus subobtusis vel obtusis 0.2-0.5 mm; lamina lineari vel oblonga vel spathulata 1.3-2.1 mm lata firmula saepe longitudi- nale complicata, apice irregulariter 2-3-dentata, dentibus obtusis vel acutiusculis saepe divergentibus basi acute operta 7-9 nervata, abaxiale sparsis glandulis minutis, 0.02-0.05 m. Stylus 8-9 (-12) mm longus ramis subulatis acutis 2.5-3.5 mm longis. Achaenia vel ovaria exteriora 3-3.1 x 2.5-2 mm obovata triangulata saepe fere cordata apice emarginata basim attenuata, angulis argutis dorso plano vel paulo convexo, interiora 3-3.2 x 1-1.2 mm oblonga tetragona apice breviter emarginata basi attenuata angulis argutis vel angulo abaxiale obtusiusculo Flores disci 391-680 in capitulo. Corolla lutea 8.5-11.5 mn longa, tubulo 3-4 mm longo, basim versus glabro cetero copiose glandulifero glandulis columnaricapitatis 0.0O4-0.1 mm longis, interdum etiam praecipue ad apicem parcissimis pilis obtusis vel acutis ascendentibus 0.1-0.8 mm, limbo tubuloso sursum haud vel leviter ampliato, basi glandulifero et rare parcis pilis, sursum saepe parcis glandulis sparsis raro adaxiale parcis pilis, lobis triangulatis 1.2-1.5 (-1.7) mm altis marginibus incrassatis et densis papillis crassiusculis obtusissimis 0.05 mm, abaxiale copiosis glandulis capitatis 0.02-0.03 mm, raro 1-2 pilis acutis 0.2-0.3 mm munitis. Antherae 3-3.5 mm longae basi breviter acuteque sagittatae appendice apicali O.4-0.7 mm ovata acuta vel subacuta; collum basim antheram attingens vel paulo longius. Stylus 10-12 m, apice parum dilatatus bifidus lobis semicylin- dricis 0.5 mm longis dorsale papillis densis 0.05-0.08 mm. Nectarium tubulosum 1.3-1.5 mm longum crassiusculum inaequaliter dentatum. Typus: Colombia, Norte de Santander - Cesar: linea divi- soria, Cerro de Las ar konac aigeee (Cerro Oroque) , 20 km al sur de Abrego, 37700-3900 m, caulirrosuletum de 0.8 m, inflorescencia péndula, ligulas amarillas, fldsculos ecarmelitas, pedunculos amarillos, 22-27 Jul 1974, H. Garcia-Barriga & Roberto Jaramillo- Mejia 206h8; holotypus US; isotypus COL. Other collections: 10 Por YOO trek Vol. 33, mew = Same location than type: caulirrosuletum 0.7 m; capitulos grandes amarillos, ligulas amarillo-claro, flosculos amarillos, 22-27 Jul 1974, i. Garcia-Barriga and Roberto Jaramillo M. 20729, paratypi, COL, US. Id. id. loc., caulirosuletum 0.6 nm, involucro blanco amarillento, ligulas amarillo claro, fldsculos amarillo fuerte, pedunculos blancos, Garcia-Barriga and R. Jaramillo M. 20662 (COL, US); Id. id. loc. caulirrosuletum 0.5 m, hojas muy blancas angostas, cabezuelas péndulas, bracteas blanco-amarillentas, lfgulas y flosculos amarillo Claro, Garcia- Barriga and R. Jaramillo M. 20652 (COL, US), Id. id. 3700- -3960 m, acaule, tallos blancos bracteas amarillentas, ligulas y fldscu- los amarillos, hojas blancas, roseta central amarillo-dorado, 19-21 May 1969, Gareia-Barriga and R. Jaramillo M. 19753 (COL US). New Grenada around Ocana, 5 Dec. 1878, Kalbreyer 466 (x). Espeletia roberti is endemic of the paramo hills of Las Jurisdicciones which are the divider between Departamentos of Norte de Santander and Cesar in the Ocana region. It is closely related to E. estanislana, an endemic of Paramos del Almorzadero and Santurban. From the latter it may be easily distinguished, among other differences, by its harder and larger leaves with a more compact and appressed indument. A photograph was published by H. Garcia-Barriga in Flora Medicinal de Colombia, vol. III, Fig. 374, plate between pages 346 and 347, publisher: Tnstitute de Ciencias Naturales, Bogota, 1975. Espeletia roberti is dedieaved to my long time friend and companion of many of my botanical excursions in the eastern Colombian Andes, Roberto Jaramillo Mejia, well known Colombian botanist, indefatigable, efficient plant collector and one of the most knowledgeable of Colombian plants. ESPELETIA BARCLAYANA Cuatr. sp. nov. Caulirosula erecta visu albida vel viridi-alba trunco simplice usque ad 1.2 m alto cum foliis marcescentibus eis vaginis spisse imbricatis densissime crasseque obtecto. Folia coriacea erecta et semipatula, utrinque crasse dense- que lanata alba vel viridi-cinerea, 28-40 cm longa, breviter pseudopetiolata. Lamina 19-30 cm longa 4.5-9 cm lata (ratio 3-4: ¥)3 elliptica apice subite attenuata obtuse vel acute angu- lata, interdum late ovato-lanceolata, basi subite vel gradatim in pseudopetiolum brevem contracta (0.8-1.4 cm late) margine integra anguste revoluta; supra visu levis costa plana fere inconspicua densissime crasseque lanata pilis tenuibus crispis valde intricatis sed extremis subrectis longis (5-10 m) antror- sis ad modum barbulas adpressas insuper formantibus; subtus nervatio notata costa robusta striolata marginibus angulatis crassissime denseque crispo-lanata nervis secundariis promi- nentibus notatis 7-10 (5-14) mm inter se distantibus angulo 4s5-60° (40-70°) ascendentibus, circa marginem arcuatis anasto- mosantibus, nervis tertiis cum minoribus anastomosatis reticulum minutum prominentem leviter 2-3-stratosum formantibus; nervatio dense longeque intricate lanata, indumento crispo et barbulato LOTT Cuatrecasas, Notes on neotropical flora pe albo superficiem omnium tegenti, fundo alveolis minutissime etiam parce pilosulo. Pseudopetiolus brevis, 2-3.5 mm longis, 7-12 (-14) mm latum plus minusve anguste cum lamina decurrenti marginatum, basi triangulare dilatatum, densissime crassissime- gue lanatum et ad basim insuper longe barbatum et in vaginam productus. Vagina rigide crasseque coriacea ovato-deltoidea subtriangulata vel trapeziale, basi valde latiori, 6.5-9 cm longa, 7-10.5 cm lata, argute multinervata, adaxiale apice excepto glabra, abaxiale dense adpresse antrorsobarbata pilis fulvis usque ad 20 mm longis, ad apicem utrinque densissime erassissimeque intricato-lanata et insuper barbata. Inflorescentiae axillares cymoso-paniculatae, rosula foliorum circa duplo longiores. Axis 40-75 cm longus robustus erectus, 3/4-4/5 parte vegetativa (32-57 cm longa) aphylla, erasse denseque albo-lanata; parte distali fertili ramosa late bracteata 5-11 capitula ferenti, tria in cyma terminali instruc- ta cetera in 1-2 paribus ramorum oppositorum ascendentium dis- posita; internodia longitudine inferiori (vel unico) (3-) 5-9 cm longa, superiori 2.5-4.5 cm longa, terminalis (seu pedicellus centralis) 1.3-3 cm longus. Rami proximales cyma 3-capitulifera ad 17 em in toto longi instructi alteri monocephali ad modum pedunculos 9-4 em longos. Pedicelli secundarii saepe 3-3.5 cm longi. iInterdum infra capitulum axe pedunculisque pare bracte- arum steriliam instructis. Rami sicut internodia pedunculi pedicellique crasse albo vel flavo-lanati et plus minusve barbati. Bracteae subtendentes foliaceae lineari-ellipticae basi per paria decussatae amplectentes, inferiores 7-8 x 1.5 em, medianae 5-4 x 3-1.5 cm, supremae 4.5-3.5 x 1.5-l cm, spisse ecrasseque lanatae barbulataeque, albidae vel ochroleucae adaxiale glabrescentes. Capitula turbinato-globosa circa 3 em diametientia 300-320 flores ferentia circulo ligularum 35-40 m, disco 18-20 mm diametro. Involucrum cupulatum dense crasseque albido-lanatum. Phyllaria sterilia 7-9 subbiseriata 26-18 mm longa 11-5 m lata sed intima 16-14 x 6-4 mm, crasse herbacea, circa basim incras- sata, oblonga, attenuata obtusiuscula vel obtusa, abaxiale dense crasseque lanata, adaxiale sursum etiam lanata deorsum glabra nitidaque, sed interiora paulo villosa apicem barbata. Phyl- laria fertilia 14-10 x 5-2.2 mm, oblonga attenuata acuta vel subite acutata basim versus leviter attenuata exteriora dense longe intricato-lanata altera villosa sursum flexuoso-barbata introrsum gradatim magis glabrescentia, sed intima scariosa acuta plurinervata dorso paulo longi-pilosa apice barbata pilis antrorsis acutis 1-1.5 mm. Receptaculum plano-convexum 9-10 mm diametro subglabrum tantum parcis pilis acutis erectis O.4-1 mm longis. Paleae scariosae, 8-9 x 1.8-3 mn, hyalinae lineares vel ovali-lineares acutae basim gradatim angustatae, amplec- tente naviculares tenuiter pluri-nervatae subapicem subcuculla- tum extus barbato pilis erectis flexuosis 0.5-1.5 mm. Flores radii feminei 110-120 in capitulo. Corolla lutea (15-) 19-23 mm longa tubo (2.5-) 2.8-3.5 (-3.8) mm longo angusto dense patulo-antrorso piloso pilis basim crassiusculis conicis 12 PRY POPO Ss Ps Vol. 38, no. 1 apice subacutis vel longioribus acutis 0.2-0.6 (-1) mm longis et parcis glandulis minute pediculatis; lamina linearis vel oblanceolato-linearis basim versus paulo attenuata convolutaque basi acute aperta (1.5-) 2-3.5 mm lata, apice 2-3-dentata, 6-9 nervis subtus plus minusve prominentibus et parcis glandulis minutis ad dorsum sparsis. Stylus 6-10 mm longus ramis cras- siusculis 1.6-2.8 mm longis. Ovaria exteriora ovoidea triangu- lata apice emarginata basi obtusiuscula 2 x 1.1-1./ mm, interiora oblonga quadrangulata 2.2-2.5 x 0.5-1 mm. Flores disci 190-200 in capitulo. Corolla lutea 8-8.5 mm longa, tubo 2.8-3.2 mm, sparse vel copiose brevipiloso, pilis luteolo-hyalinis antrorsis subacutis basim conicis 0.1-0.4 mm longis, et parcis glandulis minute pediculatis 0.025 mm, limbo tubuloso ad basim etiam pilosulum et parce glandulifero; lobis triangularibus vel oblongo-triangularibus 0.8-1.2 mm longis, margine incrassato minute papillosis abaxiale barbulatis, parcis pilis acutis flexuosis 0.1-0.6 mm et parcis glandulis sparsis munitis. Antherae 3-3.5 mm basi breviter sagittatis, appendice ovato-oblonga acuta 0.6-0.8 mm longa. Stylus 8-9 mm. Nectarium tubulosum 0.8-1 mm. Ovarium abortivum pediculiformi cirea 0.5 mm. Typus: Colombia, Cundinamarca: Hill NW of Embalse near the Telecon Station in the vicinity of Represa del Neusa, 3650 m, dry paramo with Calamagrostis effusa, caulirosula, the stem 30 cm high, leaves green-grayish, tomentose, ligules yellow, 26 May 1972, Antoine M. Cleef & R. Jaramillo-M. ha; holotypus US, isotypi, COL, U. Other collections: Id. id, hills west side of lake at Represa del Neusa, east and northeast facing slopes, 3400 m, 22 Jun 1957, Harriet Barclay 4145, paratypus (COL). Id Paéramo de Laguna Seca, entre Cogua y San Cayetano, 3630 m, 3 Apr 1977, Diaz-Piedrahita & Cleef 804 (COL, U, US). Espeletia barclayana belongs to the relationship of E. lopezi. It is distinguished mainly by the inflorescences much longer than the leaves bearing smaller and usually more numerous heads, and by the different shape of the leaf-blades. The name commemorates the extensive collections of paramo plants made by Dr. Harriet Barclay during her several years of ecologic work in the high tropical Andes of Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela. ESPELETIA IDROBOI Cuatr. sp. nov. Caulirosula usque ad 2 m alta, circa 50 cm lata visu albida vel viridi-cinerea, caule dense crasseque cum foliis marcescen- tibus coriaceis tecto. Gemma terminalis foliaque juvenilia initialia crasse sublanata et sericea luteo-aurea vel fulves- centia. Folia coriacea crassiuscula in vivo mollia flexibilia utrinque dense crasseque albo-lanata, breviter pseudopetiolata, adulta 38-42 (-50) cm totae longitudine. Lamina 27-33 x 5.5-8 em ratio 45:1, anguste elliptica lanceolataque utrinque atten- uata apice acuta basim gradatim in pseudopetiolum 2-3 cm longum 7-8 mm latum angustata, margine integerrima revolutaque, costa 1977 Cuatrecasas, Notes on neotropical plants 113} robusta supra subplana levissime striolata subtus valde promi- nenti subplana striata et argute costulato-marginata basim gradatim triangulato-ampliata; adaxiale cinerea vel viridi- albida cum pilis tenuissimis 10-15 mm longis plurispiralicon- tortis intricatisque tecta, costa insuper pilis ascendentibus adpressis nitidulo-sericea notata, abaxiale indumento simili sed ecrassiori et nervis secundariis bene conspicuis, prominentibus cirea 7-10 (-15) mm inter se distantibus, in angulo 45-60° ascen- dentibus extremo valde arcuatis prope marginem subdecurrentibus anastomosantibusque, nervis tertiis irregulariter transversis et cum minoribus reticulum crassiusculum minutum subbistratosum formantibus, areolis fundo pilis brevissimis albidis dilutis munitis sed cum indumento crispo-lanato venulorum omnino tectis. Petiolus brevissimus tantum 2-3 cm longum exalatum vel interdum angustissime alatum et basitriangulari subite in vaginam dila- tatam commutata. Vagina coriacea 7-8 x 7-8.5 cm, robusta argute paralleli nervata, adaxiale glaberrima viridi apice densissime lanato-barbata excepta, abaxiale dense adpresseque sericeo-bar- bata pilis albidis strictissimis parallelis antrorsis ad 25 mm longis praedita. Inflorescentiae thyrsoides axillares 5-10 in rosula, tertia vel dimidia parte folia excedentes. Axis robustus striatus 56- 80 em longus; pars proximalis vegetativa 2/3-1/2 totius longi- tudinis aequans, 2-4 paribus foliorum sterilium instructus; folia decussata proximalia 1-4 cm supra basim inserta, 25-30 cm longa, lamina sublanceolata 2-3 cm lata basim versus angustata et basi in vaginam 5-6 cm longam amplectentem ad basim 1-2 cm longe tubulosam producta, altera proxima similia sed paulo breviora cetera sursum gradatim minora omnia textura indumen- toque folia rosularia similia, internodiis proximalibus 11-13 em longis, sequentis sursum 13-18 em, 12-14 em longis; pars fertilis moderate floribunda 12-23 capitula grandiuscula ferens tria in cyma terminali instructa cetera in 3-4 paribus ramorum oppositorum angulo acuto ascendentium disposita. Rami in 1-3 parium proximalium cymae 3-capituliferae instructi, aliquando e-capitula ferentes, cetereri monocephali. Internodia proxi- malia 7-13 cm longa, cetera sursum 6.5-10 ily HT(oo), Cuil, —S)-'5)05) em, terminale (pedicellum centrale) 1.5-4.5 em longum. Rami internodia valde excedentes proximales distales non attingentes, visu ad modum pyramydale dispositi, proximales 14-16 em longi, sequentes 13-15 cm, 7-10 cm, 5-6 cm, pedicellis ultimis 3-5 cm longis; omnes rami pedicellique erecti sed extremo flexuoso- arcuato capitula nutantia ferentes. Bracteae subtendentes lineari-lanceolatae vel lineares acutae foliaceae sed basi Semiamplectenti paulo vaginosa inferne adaxiale glabra sursum sicut abaxiale dense lanata, proximales 6-14 x 1-2 cm, cum vagina ad 4 em tubulo 0.6 cm longo, alterae 5-8 x 1-1.2 cm vagina usque 2-4 cm, ceterae 5-4.5 x 1.5-l1 em, 3.5-3 x 1-0.8 cm, omnes quam ramis vel pedunculis pedicellisque breviores. Axi et rami dense crasseque ochroleuco-lanati villoso-barbati, pedicelli sicut bracteae supremae et involucra, crasse denseque aureo-lanati. 1h PHY T:Orh0 Goik Vol. 38, now. 1 Capitula radiata grandia longipedicellata nutantia, aureo- lanata, 175-200 flores ferentia ligulis amotis 25-30 mm diametro (in sicco), circulo ligularum 30-35 mm, disco 16-20 mm diametro. Involucrum cupulatum 12-16 mm altum circa 25 mm diametiens dense aureo-lanatum. Phyllaria sterilia 8-10 circa triseriata subchartacea exteriora plerumque 5, dua magis externa elliptica plus minusve attenuata subobtusa, 30-26 x 15-13 mm, tria ocbovato- elliptica obtusa vel subobtusa, 23-19 x 15-11 mm, cetera obovato- elliptica vel oblongo-attenuata 17-14 x 10-6 mm, omnia maturitate basi plus minusve incrassata, abaxiale adpressiuscule lanata, adaxiale sursum etiam lanata inferne glabra. Phyllaria fertilia exteriora subchartacea 15-11 x 6-5 mm, oblonga apice attenuata basi maturitate incrassato-indurata plurinervata, introrsum decrescentia ad 10 x 5 mm et magis acutata, abaxiale sublanugi- nosa vel adpresse villosa pilis plus minusve flexuosis acutissi- mis circa 1 m, et glandulis 0.02-0.07 mm munita; intima tenera sed firmula acuta 10 x 3.5-3 mm nervata, praecipue ad costam basi incrassata indurataque, extus sparse pubescenti-villosa, margine sursum apiceque ciliata pilis 0O.5-1 mm plus parcis glandulis praedita. Receptaculum plano-convexum, glabrum 12- 13.5 mm diametro. Paleae rigide scariosae 8.5-9 x 3-4 m, ovales, acutae, 7(-9)-nervata, secus costam robustiusculam subcarinatam complicatae amplectentes marginibus hyalinis, ad apicem dorso marginibusque pubescenti-subciliatae pilis sub- flexuosis acutis patulis 0.5-1 mm et parcissimis glandulis capitatis minutis, 0.05 mm ornatae. Flores radii ligulati 40-44 in capitulo 3-seriati. Corolla lutea 12-14 mm longa, tubo 1.8-2 mm alto raro apice adaxiale appendice lineari ad 5 mm longa instructo, dense piloso pilis crassis obtusis 0.05-0.15 (-0.2) mm et parcis glandulis conicis capitatis circa 0.05 m, intersparsis. Lamina lineari elliptica 2-3-3 mm lata subobtusa 3-2 dentata, 8-9-nervata duobus nervis magis conspicuis dorso inferne sparse pilosula et glandulosula reliqua sparsissimis glandulis minutis munita. Stylus 7-8 mm ramis subulatis 2-2.5 mm longis. Achaenia exteriora 3.8-4.2 x 2 mm obovato-oblonga triangulata apice obtusa basi acutata dorso curvato-convexo, interiora 3.8-4.2 x 1.2 mm oblonga quadrangu- lata apice obtusa basi leviter acutata. Flores disci 140-154 in capitulo. Corolla lutea 8.5-9 mm longa, tubulo 3.5 mm sursum sparse piloso, pilis crassis obtusis saepe conicis raro acutis vel subacutis 0.05-0.2 mm, limbo tubu- loso sursum leviter ampliato basi parcis pilis minutis, lobis 1.1-1.4 mm altis, triangulatis acutis margine incrassatis et mamilato-papillosis, abaxiale glabris. Antherae 3.1-3.2 mm longae basi minute auriculatae, appendice apicali ovata subacuta O.5 mm longa. Stylus lobis brevibus subrhomboideis papillosis. Nectarium tubulosum dentatum 0.9-1 mm longum. Ovarium abortivum pediculiforme, 0.4-0.5 mm altun. Typus: Colombia, Cauca: Macizo Colombiano, Valle de Las Papas, vicinity of Valencia, 2910 m alt, caulirosuletum at La5 m, on marshy ground, rays yellow, "frailejon", 11-IX-1-X - 1958, Jesus M. Idrobo, P. Pinto#Bischler 3212; holotypus, COL; 1977 Cuatrecasas, Notes on neotropical plants 15 isotypus, P. Other collections: Id. Paéramo de Las Papas, between Letreros and Santo Domingo, 3350 m, caulirosuletum at 2m tall, leaf sheaths adaxially white, rays yellow, 16-IX - 1958, Idrobo, P. Pinto:Bischler 3372, paratypus (P, COL). Id. Valle de Las Papas, near Valencia, Los Andes, 3150 m, on exten- Sive Espeletia-grass cienaga, caulirosuletum 2 m tall, leaves gray felty-woolly, young leaves deep gold to beige, with long light hairs at petioles, flowering stems and involucres densely yellow-hairy, rays yellow, 19 Oct. 1958, H. Barclay & Juajibioy 6083 (US); same loc. 3150 m, caulirosuletum to 1-2 n, leaves gray, heads on long very hairy-yellow stocks involucral bracts yellow, rays yellow, 19 Oct. 1958, H. Barclay & Juajibioy 6082 (US); id loc. 3140 m, 1.5 m tall, 25-IX - 19-X - 1958, Barclay & Juajibioy 5797 (US). Espeletia idroboi is the only representative species with a pseudopetiolate-lanceolate type of leaves in the Central Cordillera of Colombia; it is also characterized by its particu- lar lanate indument, white on the leaf blades and yellowish at the inflorescences, by the long peduncles or pedicels and the longer phyllaries surpassing the flowers. ESPELETIA FRONTINOENSIS Cuatr. sp. nov. Caulirosula habitu lutescens, caule circa 1.5 m alto attingenti cum folia vel vaginis foliorum marcescentium spisse obtecto. Folia coriacea in vivo flexibilia utrinque dense luteo- lanata et insuper plus minusve villoso-barbata, sessilia. Lamina anguste elliptica vel paulo sublanceolato-elliptica apice acutata basim versus attentuata, margine integra revolutaque, 20-29 em longa 4-5.6 cm lata, ratio 4.7-5.5:1, basi 1-1.5 cm lata; adaxiale aspectu sublaevi uniformiter dense luteo-lanata et insuper subadpresse villoso-barbata, pilis tenuissimis ad 10 mm longis, costa parum conspicua; abaxiale costa valde elevata striataque dense crispo-lanata et adpressiuscule barbata pilis circa 10 m, nervis secundariis prominentibus angulo 43-50" (-55°) ascendentibus 5-9 mm inter se distantibus ad marginem curvatis anastomosatis, nervis tertiis irregulariter transversis prominentibus et cum nervulis bene prominulis in reticulum anastomosatis, alveolis ellipsoideis paulo profundis cum parcis pilis minutis acutis sericeis, sed pilis reticuli copiosis longis flexuosis et crispis lanam luteam densam omnino tegentem formantibus. Vagina coriacea ovata vel ovato-oblonga apice obtusa vel subobtusa lanata, adaxiale glabra argute parallele nervata abaxiale dense sericeo barbata pilis circa 15 mm longis rectis strictissimis antrorsis ochroleucis adpres- sis. Inflorescentiae axillares thyrsoides vel simplice cymosae, 3-5-capituliferae, dense crasseque luteo-lanatae barbataeque, rosula foliorum fere aequilongae. Axis mediocris 24-40 em longus erectus striolatus; pars proximalis vegetativa aphylla 18-38 cm, longa; pars distalis fertilis brevis 5-3 capitula 16 Py Poo G hs Vol. 38, no. 1 ferens, tantum cyma bracteata tricephala terminalis et duobus paracladiis oppositis monocephalis instructa. Internodium 6-10 em longum, interdum internodio additionali ad apicem sterili- bracteato 3-5 cm longo. Rami seu pedunculi proximales (3.5-) 6-11 cm longi. Cyma terminalis pedicello centrali 1.8-7 (-10) longo, lateralibus 2.8-6 (-10) em, aliquando capitulo mediali tantum evoluto ambobus lateralibus defectis et bracteis solis sterilibus remanentibus. Etiam saepe paracladiis omnino absent- ibus et cyma tricephala tantum adest. Pedunculi seu pedicelli apice recurvi capitulis fortiter cernuis vetustis nutantibus. Bracteae subtendentes pedunculos subaequilongae proximales 7- 10 x 1-1.4 em, oblongae vel sublanceolate-oblongae subacutae basi breviter connatae, distales 1-1.5 mm oblongo-ovatae acutae vel acuminatae. Capitula mediana cernua radiis amotis subgloboidea 18-25 mm lata, 130-240 flores ferentia, circulo ligularum 25-30 mm disco 12-15 mm diametro. Involucrum cupulatum dense luteolo lanatum 18-25 mm latum 12-15 mm altum. Phyllaria sterilia crassiuscule subecoriacea flexibilia basim incrassata, 4-5 exteriora 18-14 x 11-6 mm, magis externa elliptica vel anguste ovata attenuata vel ovato-triangulata acuta, acuminata vel subacuta, altera ovato-oblonga vel oblonga acutata, dense crasseque crispo- lanata adaxiale immerse nervata, apice glabro excepto, 1-2 interiora 13-11 x 6-5 mm tenuiora oblonga acutata etiam lanata. Phyllaria fertilia pauca 12-8 x 5-4 mm crasse herbacea elliptica attenuato-acuta vel subacuta dense lanata, altera minus exteri- ora tenuia membranacea 9-8 x 4.5-3 mm elliptica acutata, basim incrassata, multinervia plus minusve amplectentia abaxiale dorso sparse ad apicem dense crispulo barbulata pilis 1.5-1 mm, et sparse glandulata, glandulis circa 0.02-0.07 mm longis, interi- ora 8-7 x 2.5-3 mm elliptica acuta acuminata basi incrassata dorso glabro marginibus hyalinis magis amplectentibus subapice dorsale copiose glandulata et barbulata pilis ad 1 mm flexuosis. Receptaculum plano-convexum glabrum 8-10 mm diametro. Paleae 6.5-8 x 2-3 mm, ovales vel oblongo-ellipticae acutatae, basim attenuatae scariosae hyalinae tenuiter pluri-nervatae basi maturitate incrassata, amplectentes abaxiale subapice lanu- gineo-barbata et copiose glandulata, pilis flexuosis acutis O.4- 0.8 mm, et glandulis columnaribus 0.02-0.07 mm. Flores radii ligulati 28-44 in capitulo, 2-3-seriati. Corolla lutea 10-13 mm longa, tubo 1.6-2.5 mm longo dense vel copiose pilosulo pilis crassis obtusis vel obtusissimis vel aliquis subacutis saepe ad basim dilatatis O.1-0.3 mm longis hyalinis et praecipue adaxiale sparsis glandulis capitato- pediculatis circa 0.05 mm longis; lamina crassiuscula elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica 2-3 mm lata, obtusa tridentata dente mediali minore vel 2-dentata, basi acute apperta, 9-nervata duobus nervis magis conspicuis, adaxiale conspicue mamillato- papillosa velutina, abaxiale copiose glandulata glandulis rotundis breviter pediculatis. Stylus circa 5 mm, ramis crassis subulato-lanceolatis crasse stigmatoso-marginatis 1.5-2 mm. Achaenia exteriora 2.6-2.8 x 2-1.8 mm obovato-oblonga apice 1977 Cuatrecasas, Notes on neotropical plants ay, truncata triangulata dorso plano-convexo, angulis lateralibus argutis subalatis; interiora oblonga quadrangulata 2.8 x 1 mm, basi breviter attenuata. Flores disci 103-192 in capitulo. Corolla lutea 6.5-7.5 (-8) mm longa, tubulo 2.4-3.5 mm, saltem sursum sparse pilosulo, pilis antrorsis crassiusculis basi dilatatis cellula terminali subacutata vel obtusa, 0.1-0.4 mm et parcis vel raris glandulis 0.02-0.05 mm longis, limbo anguste tubuloso-infundibuliformi ad basim parcis pilis et glandulis, lobis triangularibus 0.8- 1.2 mm altis, vel interdum adaxiale usque ad 2 mm distinctis, margine incrassato dense papilloso, abaxiale glabris vel apice copiosis glandulis globoso-pediculatis subsessilibus 0.01- 0.03 m. Antherae 2-2.5 mm, subacute sagittatae appendice apicali ovata acutata O.4-0.5 mm longa. Stylus 7-8 mm apice dilatatus. Nectarium O.7-1 mm longum tubulosum denticulatum. Ovarii rudimentum O.2 mm altum. Typus: Colombia, Antioquia: Cordillera Occidental, Paramo de Frontino near Llano Grande, paramo 3450 mm, cauli- rosuletum reaching heights of over 5 mm, this specimen - 2 nm, fire damage on trunks, inflorescences all yellow, disks browning with age, 25 Oct 1976, Jef D.Boeke and Jeff B. McElroy 234, holotypus, US; isotypus NY. Other collections: Id. id. open paramo, stem 60 em high, appears silvery from a distance, inflorescence yellow, 26 Oct 1976, Boeke and McElroy 238, paratypi US, NY; Id. Paramo of Morro Frontino, north of Urrao, 3900 mm, to 5 ft. high, flower yellow, very common, 10 Mar 1944, Core 380, paratypi NY, F; id., id. Core 396, 392 (US); Paramo de Frontino 4000-4300 mm, Aug 1951, Carriker 131 (US). E.frontinoensis is distinguished by its small, sessile, sublanceolate-elliptic leaves, tapering to a narrow base, by the naked axes of the inflorescences with only 5-3 long pedicellate heads not surpassing the rosette leaves, and by the whole yellow habit. ESPELETIA PERIJAENIS Cuatr. sp. nov. Caulirosula visu subsessilis, alba, 50-60 cm expansa, trunco brevi usque ad 30 em alto cum foliis marcescentibus dense tecto. Folia coriacea leviter crassiuscula flexibilia utrinque spisse lanata, pseudopetiolata, 30-45 em longa. Lamina anguste elliptica lanceolata vel elongate oblanceolata apice bene acuta basim in pseudopetiolum gradatim vel subite angustata, 24-32 em longa (petiolo excluso) 2.2-3.4 em lata, ratio 8.5-11.5:1, margine integerrima revolutaque, costa robusta adaxiale subplana leviter surculata et ad margines leviter costulata, abaxiale prominenti striatosulcata saltem inferne bicostulata, nervis Secundariis adaxiale obsoletis abaxiale moderate prominentibus paulo tortuosis in angulo 45-55° (-60°) ascendentibus prope marginem subite curvatis parallele decurrentibus cum contiguis anastomosatis, nervis tertiis irregulariter transversis promi- nentibus et cum minoribus vix diversis etiam prominentibus 18 Pib-¥sP 0 sOne: Eek Vol. 38, nos reticulum argute elevatum cum alveolis ovatis vel ellipticis minutis profundis fundo glabro formantibus; utrinque alba vel albido-cinerea, adaxiale infra indumentum superficie sublaevi levissime venosa viridi densissime cum pilis tenuissimis basi ecrassiori patula ceterum spirali contortem extremo longo parallele ascendenti ad superficiem adpresse tecto, indumento erassiusculo densissimo adpresso-lanato insuper plus minusve villoso-sericeo instructis ad costam magis sericeis; subtus pilis magis patulis multispiraliter contortis intricatis indu- mentum crassum crispo-lanatum et insuper partiale adpresse subsericeum praecipue ad costam formantibus. Pseudopetiolus 4-6.5 em longus robustiusculus 4-7 (-8) mm latus utrinque pluristriatus adaxiale argute bicostulatus, marginibus angus- sissime decurrenti-alatus alis revolutis, adaxiale densissime adpresseque lanata abaxiale dense lanata et insuper adpresse villoso-barbata. Vagina coriacea trapeziale apice obtusa basim versus paulo ampliata, maturitate 6-8 cm longa, basi 4-6 (-7) em lata, argute multi-paralleli-nervata adaxiale glabra apice lanato excepto, abaxiale copiose longe albo-villoso-barbata pilis tenuissimis ad 20 mm, rectis vel flexuosis. Inflorescentiae axillares saepe numerosae circa 6-11 coetaneae in rosula, foliis duplo vel usque triplo longiores, ascendentes, maturitate 75-100 cm longae. Axis simplex medio- eriter crassus sed rigidus teres striatus, inferne medullosus vel fistulosus. Pars proximalis vegetativa 2/3 ad 4/5 totae longitudinis aphylla vel saepius duobus foliis sterilibus oppositis vel alternis munita, internodio basilari 34-52 cm, longo, altero 9-35 cm longo; foliis sterilibus oblanceolato- linearibus acutis, 9-16 x lcm, inferne in vaginam basi usque 1 ecm tubulosam ampliatis. Pars fertilis 3 capitula in cyma terminalia valde congesta pedicellis 0.3-2 cm longis ferens, et uno vel duobus paribus paracladiorum vel singulis paracladiis instructa. Paracladia distalia cum cyma apicali valde proxima 1.5-4 cm longa monocephala, internodio supremo 1-4 cm longo. Paracladia proximalia 9-16 cm longa erecta rigida, saepe mono- cephala vel interdum 2-3 capitulis breviter pedicellatis conges- tis munita, internodio 12-25 cm longo; paracladia saepe tantum uno interdum numquam evoluta. Pedicelli monocephali semper argute curvati capitula longiradiata nutantia ferentes. Bractea subtendentes inferiores foliaceae 7-12 x 1 cm, mediales 3.5-5 x 1.2-1.5 cm lineari-lanceolatae acutae basi ampliatae amplectentes saepe concavae. Bracteae supremae 2.5-3.5 x 1.2-1.4 em ovato- lanceolatae inferne concavae amplectentes. Axis rami bracteae pedicellique crasse dense albo-lanati pilis longis strictissimis valde crispis intricatis et insuper longe villoso-barbatis aspectu gossypino, basi axorum densissime antrorso-barbati pilis sericeis basi flexuosa ceterum rectis circa 25 mm longis. Capitula grandiuscula cernua vel nutantia, 150-324 flores ferentia, ligulis amotis 20-25 m, circulo ligularum 30-38 m, disco 16-20 mm diametro. Involucrum cupulatum circa 16 m altum dense longeque albo-lanato-barbatum. Phyllaria sterilia crasse herbacea vel subchartacea, 7-14, saepe 4-5 exteriora 19-16 x 1977 Cuatrecasas, Notes on neotropical plants 19 15-11 mm, ovata, acutata vel acuminata, convexa, dense crasseque lanatasursum barbulata, intus (excepto acumine) glabra 6-7 nervata, cetera gradatim breviora angustioraque tria-quatuor 18-14 x 11-6 mm, oblongo-ovata vel ovato-lanceolata acuminata vel acutata, lanata vel villoso-lanuginosa sursum lanugineo- barbulata et sparse glandulifera, cetera 15-14 x 5-4 m, elliptico-lanceolata acuta villoso lanuginosa et glandulis 0.05 mm intersparsis. Phyllaria fertilia exteriora 17-12 x 8-4 mm ovali-lanceolata subacuminata acuta firme membranacea basim incrassata (saltem fructificatione) dorso villoso-lanuginosa et - glandulosa intus glabra plurinervata, sequentia gradatim brevi- ora tenuioraque (14-) 12-7 x 5-3 mm, elliptico-acuminata membranacea plurivenosa extus infra apicem lanuginoso-villoso pilis flexuosis 3-1 mm longis plus glandulis copiosis dorsale et marginalibus. Receptaculum subplanum, vel conicum ad centrun, 9-12 mm diam, glabrum. Paleae 9-11 x 2-3 mm, elliptico-attenu- atae, subscariosae, firmulae, plurinervatae, maturitate basi incrassata costa rigida carinata, amplectentes apicem dorsale flexuoso-barbatae pilis ad 1 mm plus glandulis sparsis. Flores radii ligulati 38-62 in capitulo, 3-seriati. Corolla lutea 11.5-16 mm longa, tubo (1.5)2-2.5 mm longo copiose piloso pilis tenuibus vel crassiusculis obtusis vel subacutis, rectis ascendentibus circa 0.5 mm, ad basim et verticem apicalem copio- sioribus longioribusque (ad 1 mm) , plus copiosis glandulis circa 0.05 mm capitato-columnaribus intersparsis; lamina crassiuscula oblongo-elliptica, 2-3.1 mm lata, apice obtusa 3-dentata denti- bus obtusis, 5-/ nervis subtus crasse prominentibus, saepe 3-5 nervulis tenuioribus alternatibus, abaxialiter copiosis glandu- lis circa 0.03 mm sparsis, inferne plus minus pilis munita. Stylus 7.5-8 mm longus crassiusculus ramis 1.5-2.5 mm longis, lineari-subulatis. Achaenia exteriora 2.8-3.3 x 1.8-2.2 mm obovato-oblonga apice rotundata et emarginata, triangulata angu- lis argutissimis subalatis dorso plano-convexo laevi vel tenuiter 1-2-nervato, basi attenuata; interiora 3-3.2 x 1 mm, prysmatico- oblonga, h-angulata, angulis omnibus acutis vel dorsali obtuso. Flores disci 110-264 in capitulo; corolla lutea, (8-) 9-10 mm longa, tubulo 2.8-3.8 mm, glandulis plus minusve copiosis vel sparsis glandulis columnari-capitatis ad 0.1 mm longis patulisque et parcis vel parcissimis (praecipue basim) pilis acutis vel obtusis usque ad 0.5 (-1) mm longis; limbo tubuloso parcis glandulis sparsis et ad basim parcis vel parcissimis pilis; lobis 1-1.2 mm triangularibus acutis extus copiosis vel parcis glandulis 0.03-0.05 mm, saepe 1-3 lobis parcis (1-3) pilis crassiusculis flexuosis 0.1-0.3 (0.8) mm munitis, margin- ibus dense crassipapillosis. Antherae 3.2-3.4 mm, appendice apicali ovata subacuta 0.5-0.6 mm longa. Stylus 10-12 mm, ad apicem leviter dilatatus, emarginatus, dense brevipapillosus. Nectarium tubulosum crassiusculum irregulariter 5-dentatum l- 1.4 mm longum. Typus: Colombia, Cesar (formerly Magdalena): Sierra de Perija, east of Manaure: Quebrada de Floridablanca, open grassy area between Andean forest and bushes, 2800 m alt. 20 BP Bye TsO) Geih Vol. 38, now subacaulirosula, white habit, corollas yellow, "frailejon", 10 Nov 1959, J. Cuatrecasas & R. Romero Castaneda 25192; holo- typus, US; isotypus, COL. Other collections: Id. id Sierra de Perija: Sabana Rubia, open flat grassy paramo, 3000 m, sub- acaulirosula, trunk short, white habit, 6 Nov 1959, Cuatrecasas & Romero Castaneda 25032; paratypi US, COL. Id. id. Sabana Rubia, 2800 m acaule hojas centrales blancas, lfgulas y fldscu- los amarillos, 3 Mar 1959, R. Romero Castaneda 7339; paratypi US, COL. Espeletia perijaensis belongs to the relationship of E. conglomerata Smith & E. brassicoidea Cuatr. It is easily distinguished by its narrow elliptic-lanceolate, acute leaves and by the inflorescences bearing one or two sterile or fertile bracts well apart below the terminal cyme. In some collections of E. perijaensis a number of outer ray flowers (8 or 4) are protected by an additional pair of lateral decussate, smaller bracts (pales), subtended by the corresponding regular, fertile phyllaries. This unique feature in the subtribe will be explained and illustrated in the forthcoming revision. ESPELETIA MARTHAE Cuatr. sp. nov. Rosula sessilis parva 12-16 cm diametro visu albo-sericea argentea nitenti, foliis angustis acutis crebris numerosis ad centrum erectis congestis ad marginem vetustis patulis. Caulis robustus lignosus cylindraceus subterraneus rhizomaticus, 3-5 em diametro, in medio crasse medullosus in cortice radiciferus, extremo subite conico in solum verticale excurrenti, ad apicem meristematicum late subplano-convexum cum centro depresso permanente foliiferus. Radices terminales 2-3 descendentes robustiusculae breves, ceterae numerosae patulae vel descen- dentes, crassae vel crassiusculae elongatae usque ad 30 cm longae. Folia linearia coriacea flexibilia crassiuscula in vivo, saepe 6-9 cm totius longitudine. Lamim 4-6.5 em longa 4-5 mm lata ratio: 10-12(-14):],linearis vel ensiformis sursum grada- tim attenuata in apicem acutum, basi haud angustata sessilis et in vaginam aequilatam valde crassam producta, utrinque densissi- me adpresseque argeteo-sericea induta pilis albis rectis antror- sis 1-1.5 mm longis, adaxiale in vivo aspectu levissimi tantum costa obscure insinuata, infra indumentum plus minusve gluti- nosa, abaxiale etiam visu laevis sed costa bene elevata crassa in vivo semitereti laevissima, in sicco plana lateris angulata, inferne crasiore glabra viridique reliqua argenteo-sericea, superfice laminae subtus infra indumentum argute venoso-reticu- lata alveolis profundis dense albo-pilosis. Vagina anguste oblonga robusta 1.5-2.5 cm longa apice 3-4 mm lata reliqua 4- 5-5 mm lata, valde incrassata semiteres sed apicem et basim complanata magis tenuis, trinervata ad extremos plerumque 5- nervata nervis immersis superficie laevi in vivo, utrinque glabra sed margine basalis copiose barbata pilis albis antror- sis 5-6 mm longis. 1977 Cuatrecasas, Notes on neotropical plants aul Inflorescentiae axillares scaposae, plures saepe 5-12, interdum usque ad 25 in rosula. Scapi monocephali 24-38 cm longi, erecti mediocriter rigiduli extremo moderate arcuato capitulo cernuo, striati dense lanati indumento sursum erassiore et pariter involucrum brunneo, simplices et bracteati base nudi valde acuti. Bracteae saepe in 4-6 paribus dispositae vel 1-2 distales alternae, saepe 3 paribus inferioribus inter ea valde proximis. Bracteae infimae 1-1.5 cm supra basim insertae, internodio sequenti 1-1.4 cm longo, altero 1.5-4.2 em longo, tertio 6.5-10.5 em, quarto 11-18 em, proximalibus 1-4 cm. Bracteae inferiores 3-4.3 cm longae vagina tubulosa 1.5-2 cm longa viridi tenuiter parallele nervata glabra, lamina lanceo- lata acutissima 0.6-0.8 cm lata, dense albo-sericea; sequentes similimae, aequales vel paulo breviores e.g., 2.5-2./ x 0.6- 0.5 cm cum tubo 1.5-1.2 cm longo. Bracteae mediales 2.2-1.8 x 0.5-O0./ cm cum tubo breviore, ubique dense villosae, proximales 1-1.5 x 0.2-0.4 em saepe solitariae anguste elliptico-lanceo- latae densissime lanuginoso-villosae brunneaeque. Scapi in internodiis proximalibus densealbo-sericeis pilis rectis ascen- dentibus albis nitentibus 5-7 mm longis, intra tubum vaginae compressis, sursum pilis usque 10-15 mm longis liberis intri- catis partiale crispis indumento brunneo-lanato instructis circa apicem praecipue infra capitulum saepe valde crasso evoluto. Capitula mediocria involucro visu turbinato campanulato, erasse villoso-lanato-barbato, brunneo, circa 20 m lata, indumento phyllaria valde excedente et occultanti, circulo ligularum 30-35 mm, disco 9-12 mm diametro. Phyllaria sterilia erasse herbacea firmila, saepe 18-20 (-25) biseriata, 10-8 (-7) x (2.2-) 2-1 mm, anguste triangulata vel subulata acutissima, adaxiale glabra 3 (-5) nervis plus minusve conspicuis, abaxiale densissime crasseque villoso-barbata pilis brunneis rigidulis Subrectis vel leviter flexuosis circa 5 mm longis, ascendenti- bus barbis densissimis excedentibus formantibus, interiora quam externa gradatim sed leviter breviora et minus dense vestita. Phyllaria fertilia exteriora sterilia similima 10-7 x 1.2-l1 m, subulata acutissima uninervia plana dense brunneo-villosa pilis 4-2 mm, interiora 5.3-5 x 1-l.2 mm scariosa amplectentia costa rigida sparse pilosa sursum parce villosa et ciliata ad apicem pilis erectis 0.5 mm. Receptaculum 6-8 mm diam planun, densiuscule hirtum pilis tenuibus acutis O.5-1 mm longis. Paleae 5-5.5 x 1.2-1.6 mm scariosae sed rigidae complicato- amplectentes anguste ellipticae sursum attenuatae acutae, costa conspicua carinata brunneo-colorata, 2-4 nervis tenuioribus, dorso ad costam plus minusve pilosa sursum praecipue ad apicem brunnescentem marginesque ciliatos pilis copiosioribus hyalinis sericeis antrorsis rectis acutis, 0.3-0.5(-0.7) m. Flores radii ligulati 3-4 seriati, 70-114 in capitulo. Corolla lutea 9-14 mm longa, tubo 1.5-2 mm longo ad faucem annulo interno conspicuo interdum apice denticulo adaxiale munito, extus dense vel densiuscule villosulo pilis hyalinis flexuosis obtusis 0.1-0.3 mm et interdum glandulis parcis 22 PBeTcl-Oebw-G Tok Vol. 38, no. 1 praecipue sursum; lamina fere firmula anguste elliptica apice attenuato breviter vel minute 2-3-dentato basim versus longe angustata, 4-5-nervata nervio mediale conspicuo vel obsoleto, abaxiale inferne sparse pilosula et glandulis obovoideis sub- sessilibus valde sparsis munita, adaxiale superficie minutissime mamillato-papillosa. Stylus 4-5 mm longis ramis linearibus circa 1 mm. Ovaria exteriora 2.3 x 0.8 mm, anguste elliptica triangulata dorso plano, interiora circa 2.4 x 0.6 mm, 4-angu- lata duobus angulis utroque lateris. Flores disci 78-123 in capitulo. Corolla lutea 5-5.5 m longa visu glabra, tubulo 1.8-2.2 mm longo glabro vel sursum circa apicem sparsis pilis hyalinis 0.1-0.2 (-0.5) mm, limbo tubuloso apice leviter ampliato giabro vel rarissimis glandulis, lobis triangularibus 0.5-0.7 mm longis, marginibus valde incras- satis et adaxiale papillosis, abaxiale parcis vel parcissimis (4-1) pilis adpressis vel patulis rectis acutis 0.2-0.4(-0.6) mm et parcis glandulis subglobosis vel obovoideis subsessilibus 0.05-0.07 mm, saepe bene conspicuis. Antherae 2 mm, basi sagittatae ovata apice attenuata subacuta incurva 0.4-0.45 m longa. Stylus circa 5 mm apice vix dilatato dense papilloso- pilosulo. WNectarium 0.5 mm altum crassum tubulosum 5 lobis obtusis. Rudimentum ovarii valde brevi, 0.1-0.2e mn. Typus: Venezuela, Mérida: Llano Corredor, Paramo de Guirigay, 3300 m, in Swampy ground, acaulirosula, leaves greenish white, silvery, scapes or peduncles and involucres brown-woolly, ligules and disc corollas bright yellow, 25 Oct 1969. J. Cuatrecasas, Lopez-Figueiras and Marcano-Berti 28162, holotypus US; iaotypus MERF. Other collections: Id. Paramo ie Guirigay, Llano Corredor, psamofila-lifmnea, acaule, hojas sesiles plateadas, inflorescencias axilares 25-30 em pardo rojizas, capitulos 30-40 mm diam, ligulas amarillas Let se ann. bracteas pardo-rojizas, 16-22 Oct 1972, M. Lopez -Figueiras and H. A. Rodriguez 8873, US, MERF, paratypi. Id., id., Llano Corredor, Cuenca del rio Piestags afluente del Santo Domingo, municip. Piedras, 3350 m, prados pantanosos a pleno sol, acaulirrosuleto, caudice robusto eilfndrico ortotropo profundo; escapos erectos con indumento leonado claro, ligulas amarillo- amaranjado claro, 17 Dec 1975, Ruiz-Teran & Lopez Figueiras 12979 (MERF, US). Id id, hacia la laguna Ia Parida, 3500 m, Aug. 1958, L. Retchegraacn and E. Medina 3575, VEN. Espeletia marthae belongs to the complex group of E. weddellii- E. tenorae. It is distinguished by its linear, pointed, silvery sericeous leaves and its monocephalous browny lanate scapes. It is dedicated to my wife, Martha Nowack Cuatrecasas, who has been generously for many years a great help and support in my botanical research work. ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE ERIOCAULACEAE. LXXVIII Harold N. Moldenke SYNGONANTHUS PHILODICOIDES (Korn.) Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 2, 2: 02. 196; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 19, 30, 52, & 59. 19463 Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 93 & 213. 1949; Moldenke, Phytologia ): 329. 1953; Mol- denke, Résumé 108, 281, 327, & 493. 19595; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 3, 2: 02. 1960; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 6: 5 (1963) and 18: 9. 1969; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 131, 175, & 48h (1971) and 2: 588 & 965. 19713 Moldenke, Phytologia 35: 317 (1977) and 37: 87 & 499. 1977. This species is based on Weddell 2080 and 2126 from "auf san- digen, feuchten Campos bei Salinas", Goids, Brazil, apparently de- posited in the herbarium of the Jardin Botanique de l'Etat at Brussels. Ruhland (1903), working in Berlin, comments "Descriptio Koernickeana supra citata. Species mihi ignota." To me, the spe- cies bears some habital resemblance to S. huberi Ruhl. and S. mac- rocaulon Ruhl. Recent collectors refer to it as an annual and have found it growing in drying sand at the edges of pools. Material of this species has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as S. anomalus (Korn.) Ruhl. SYNGONANTHUS PITTIERI Moldenke in Woodson & Schery, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 27: 269. 190. Bibliography: Moldenke in Woodson & Schery, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 27: 269. 190; Moldenke, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 31: 70—7l. 194; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. h & 59. 19463 Hill & Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 10: 22). 197; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 4: 1033. 19493 Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 1 & 213. 19493 Moldenke, Phytologia ): 329. 1953; Moldenke, Résu- mé 8 & 493. 19593 Moldenke, Fifth Sum. 1: 91 (1971) and 2: 965. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 29: 87. 197h. Collectors have encountered this plant on savannas, at alti- tudes of 700—-1125 meters, flowering in January and March, and in fruit in March. Material has been misidentified and distributed in some herbar- ia as Eriocaulon sp. Additional citations: PANAMA: Chiriquf: Partch 69-2 (E-— 1970563, Z). MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Moldenke, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 27: 269. 190 (W). SYNGONANTHUS PLANUS Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (h-30): 265. 1903. Synonymy: Paepalanthus plamus Ruhl. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 22, in syn. 1959. eo 2h PHY fT 0 7L,0.G Pk Vol. 38, now. 1 Bibliography: Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (l-30): 26h, 265, & 293. 1903; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 175. 1908; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 19 & 59. 196; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 93 & 213. 199; Moldenke, Phytologia hz: 329. 19533 Moldenke, Résumé 108 & 93. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 22. 19593; Moldenke, Fifth Summ, 1: 175 (1971) and 2: 588 & 965. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 31: 386 (1975), 36: 7h (1977), and 37: 257 & 95. 1977. This species is based on Glaziou 1163) from "Barbacena, im Morast", Minas Gerais, Brazil, deposited in the Berlin herbarium where it was photographed by Macbride as his type photograph num- ber 10696 [not "1163" as erroneously stated by me in my 1953 work]. The original printed label accompanying the type is in- scribed "Rio de Janeiro", but this is an error — Barbacena is located in Minas Gerais. Recent collectors refer to this plant as an herb with rosettes of leaves and white flower—heads, and have found it at 1000 m.al- titudes, in flower in Jamuary and June and in fruit in January. Harley and his associates encountered it in "woodland along small stream, normally damp grassland, now dry, and dry cerrado/carrasco on slopes of surrounding quartzite hills". Ruhland (1903) cites only the original collection. The species has habital similari- ties with S. gracilis (Bong.) Ruhl., S. llanorum Ruhl., and S. pauciflorus Alv. Silv. The type specimen at Berlin was first an- notated there as "Paepalanthus planus" by Ruhl. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Harley, Renvoize, Erskine, Brighton, & Pinheiro in Harley 15272 (Z). Minas Gerais: Glaziou 1163 [Macbride photos 10696] (B—-type, N--photo of type, W¥— photo of type). SYNGONANTHUS PLUMOSUS Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 339-30, pl. 21). 1928. Synonymy: Syngonanthus plumesus Alv. Silv. ex Wangerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 57 (1): 478, sphalm. 1937. Syngonanthus plumesus Fedde in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 57 (2): 896, sphalm. 1938; Moldenke, Phytologia 25: 24h, in syn. 1973. Syngonanthus plumosus (Gardn.) Ruhl. ex Mendes Magalhaes, Anais V Reun. Anual Soc. Bot. Bras. 236 & 293. 1956. Bibliography: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 339—30, pl. 21). 1928; Wangerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 57 (1): 78. 1937; Fedde in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 57 (2): 896. 1938; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 272. 1938; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 2: 426. 19)13 Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 19 & 59. 1963 Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 93 & 213. 199; Molden- ke, Phytologia lh: 329. 1953; Mendes Magalhaes, Anais V Reun. Anmu- al Soc. Bot. Bras. 236--237 & 293. 19563; Moldenke, Résumé 109 & 493. 1959; Renné, Levant. Herb. Inst. Agron. Minas 72. 1960; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 3: 35. 19623 Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 175 (1971) and 2: 638 & 965. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 25: 2h (1973) 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 25 and 37: 255. 1977. Illustrations: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: pl. 21). 1928. This species is based on A. Silveira 838 from "In campis inter Itacambira et Juramento", Minas Gerais, Brazil, collected in July, 1926, and deposited in the Silveira herbarium. On page 19 of his work (1928) Silveira cites his no. 838 from "Serrinha", collected in 1926, but if this is intended as a correction or is a second collection is not clear. He comments that the "Species ob pilositatem foliorum certe distincta". It has been collected in flower in February and July. Material of S. plumosus has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as S. laricifolius (Gardn.) Ruhl. SYNGONANTHUS POGGEANUS Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (l-30): 247. 1903. Synonymy: Paepalanthus poggeanus Ruhl. ex H. Hess, Bericht. Schweitz. Bot. Gesell. 65: 190, in syn. 1955. Bibliography: Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (-30): 2hh, 2h7, & 293. 1903; Pilger in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. Erganz. 2, Nachtr. 3 zu 2: 1. 1908; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 175. 1908; H. Lecomte, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: 595-597. 1909; T.C. EL & R. E. Fries in R. E. Fries, Wiss. Ergebn. Schwed. Rhod .—Kong .-Exped. 1911-12 Bot. 1: 219. 1916; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 21 & 59. 1946:, Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 115 & 213. 199; Duvigneaud, Lejeun- ia 16: 103. 1953; H. Hess, Bericht. Schweitz. Bot. Gesell. 65: 190--192 & 198, fig. 1, & pl. 9, fig. 15. 1955; Moldenke, Résumé 142, 147, & 493. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 22. 1959; Richards & Morony, Check List Fl. Mbala 262. 1969; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 231 & 2h) (1971) and 2: 588 & 965. 1971; Lewalle, Bull. Jard. Nat. Belg. 2 [Trav. Univ. Off. Bujumb. Fac. Sci. C.20}: [237]. 19723 Moldenke, Phytologia 25: 231 (1973), 29: 233 (197k), 3h: 278 (1976), 35: 308 & 314 (1977), and 37: 82, 83, & 266. 1977. Illustrations: H. Hess, Bericht. Schweitz. Bot. Gesell. 65: Woe, tee. L, & pl. 9, fig. 15. 1955. The type of this species was collected by Karl Pogge (no. 457) at Kimbundo [=Mona Quimbundo], Lunda, Angola, at an alti- tude of 1150--1220 m., in 1876, and is deposited in the Berlin herbarium where Ruhland at first annotated it as "Paepalanthus poggeanus Ruhl." In his 1903 work he cites only the type col- lection, which, he says, was collected in flower in August. He comments that the "Species cum formis brasiliensibus valde af- finis a ceteris africanis valde abhorret. Flores @ perpauci." Recent collectors have encountered this species in damp peat and in water of bogs, marshes, and wet marshland, at altitudes of 600-1950 meters, flowering in May, June, August, and Octo- ber, and fruiting in June, August, and October. It is referred to as a "plante dressée", with white flowers. Fries (1916) cites R. E. Fries 518 & 1056 from Zambia, Richards and Morony 26 POH Y 20:50 -G Bet Vol. 38, no. 1 (1969) cite their nos. 1329, 5101, & 5966, and Lewalle (1972) Gites Hind SURE, +f daw; The Lecomte work (1909), cited in the bibliography above, was presented at the November 13, 1908, session of the Society, but the "Index Kewensis" dates its actual publication as 1909. The Pilger (1908) work is dated "1906" by Stapf (1931). Hess (1955) cites his nos. 50/298 & 50/322 from "Unterer Belgisch-Kongo", growing on "Quarzsandreicher Moorboden", and comments that "Von den beiden Proben aus dem ubtern Kongo haben nur einige Exemplare der Nr. 50/322 Drusenhaare an den blattern; die Typus-Pflanze aus Angola ist in den Bla&ttern driisig behaart.. "Syngonanthus Poggeanus war bisher nur vom locus classicus in Angola, Provinz Lunda, bekannt. Nun kommt eine neur Fundstelle im untern belgisches Kongo hinzu.......Syngonanthus Poggeanus ist Verwandt mit S. ngoweensis H. Lec. Durch den Vergleich des Typus- Materials beider Arten (der Typ von S. ngoweensis liegt im Muséum National, Paris) haben sich folgende Unterschiede ergeben: Die Halme von S. ngoweensis sind durchwegs l-rillig, ein Merkmal, auf das der Autor speciell hinweist und das ich sonst auch an keinem afrikanischen Syngonanthus gesehen habe. Die Bltitenkodpfe sind ebenfalls weiss; die weissen Sepalen der $ und $ Bliiten sind am Rande und im mittleren Drittel auch auf dem Riicken behaart. Sie sind um 1.8 mm lang. Die Art diirfte an diesen Merkmalen sicher von S. Poggeanus zu unterscheiden sein. 5S. ngoweensis ist nur von der Ebene N'gow6 bei Fernand-Vaz (Congo frangais) bekannt ge- worden. Typus ist das von H. Lecomte dort am 11.12.1895 gesamm- elte Material. Von der gleichen Fundstelle stammt eine Einlage von M. Dybowski (Nr. 117), gesammelt am 11..189). Die Pflanzen gehoren zur gleichen Art, haben aber etwas breitere und flacherer Blatter. "Im Bau der Bltiten durften zwischen Syngonanthus Poggeanus und den hellblutigen Varianten des S. Wahlbergii kaum Unterschiede gefunden werden. S. Poggeams hat aber stets einen viel hoheren Wuchs und breite, flache Blatter." Comparisons between S. pogge- amas and S, angolensis H. Hess are detailed under the latter spe- cies in this series of notes, which see. The E. A. Robinson 2266, distributed as S. poggeanus, actually is Eriocaulon teusczii Engl. & Ruhl. Citations: ZAIRE: Vanderyst 3182 (S), 33753 (S), 33800 (Mu), 34598 (Ba). BURUNDI: Lewalle 5856 (Z). ANGOLA: Lunda: Gossweil- er 1093 (W--20745) ; Pogge 457 (B-type, Z--isotype). ZAMBIA: E. A. Robinson 3734 (Mu), 3745 (Mu, Z); Symoens 9529 (Mu). SYNGONANTHUS PROLIFER Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 37l--375, pl. 238. 1928. Bibliography: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 37)—-375 & 19, pl. 238. 1928; Wangerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 57 (1): 478. 1937; Fedde in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 57 (2): 896. 1938; A. W. Hill, Ind. 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 27 Kew. Suppl. 9: 272. 1938; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 2: 26. 191; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 19 & 59. 19465; Mol- denke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 93 & 213. 19h9; Moldenke, Résumé 109 & 493. 1959; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 175 (1971) and 2: 965. 1971; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 564(4) +.BsA.S6L.6. S.25h. 1973; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 56: 69. 1973; Moldenke, Phy- tologia 25: 223 & 230. 1973; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 292. 197; lioldenke, Phytologia 3h: 259 (1976) and 35: 3h9. 1977. Illustrations: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: pl. 238. 1928. This species is based on Dr. P. Rolfs s.n. from "In campis are- nosis prope Itacolumi", Minas Gerais, Brazil, collected in Octo- ber, 1921, and deposited as no. 72) in the A. Silveira herbarium. Curiously, in his original description of the species, Silveira (1923) refers to "Tabula CCXXXIX" as representing the species, but the plate that does so is actually pl. 238. Silveira comments that "A S. candido Alv. Silv. flore femineo longissime pedunculato, foliorum indumentum et capitulis rursum folia proliferantibus praecipue differt". Recent collectors refer to S. prolifer as a tufted herb, the inflorescences 20--25 cm. tall, » the leaves in a loose mosncee and the flower—heads white, and have encountered it "in wet sand in an area of rocky summits with soil-filled crevices and small areas of white sand", "in damp sand along a small stream with marsh on white sand and surrounding cerrado on sandstone rock exposures", and "in marshy black humus by stream in area of hillside with blocky quartzite outcrops sloping down to streams, cerrado on hillsides, gallery forest along the streams, and brejos (sedge meadows) just above the forests", flowering in March and April, and fruiting in April Material of this species has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as S. elegans var. elanatus Ruhl. and the Duarte collection, cited below, was actually mistakenly so cited by me in a previous installment of this series of notes. Citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Harley, Renvoize, Erskine, Brighton, & Pinheiro in Harley 16967 (K). Minas 8 Gerais: W. R. dese 890 (Ld, N); Duarte 7569 [Herb. Brad. 27317] (N); Irwin, Fonséca, Souza, Reis dos Santos, & Ramos 27913 (Ac, N, N, W--275902), Z). SYNGONANTHUS PROLIFER var. PARVUS Moldenke, Phytologia 25: 223. aes Bibliography: Anon., Biol. Abstr. 56 (1): B.A.S.I.C. S.25h. 1973; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 56: 69. 19733 Moldenke, Phytologia 25: 223 & 230. 19733 Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 292. 197h. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in its much smaller habit, the leaves being only about 2 cm. long and the peduncles only 7--l1 cm. long. Citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: J. B. Silva 595 [Herb. Set. Lag. 732] (Ba--isotype, Z—type). 28 PeHPYOTSOLEIONG awk Vol. 38, now 1 SYNGONANTHUS PTEROPHYLLUS Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 379--380, pl. 241. 1928. Bibliography: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 379--380 & 119, pl. 21. 1928; Wangerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 57 (1): 78. 19373; Fedde in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 57 (2): 896. 1938; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 272. 1938; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 2: 26. 191; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 19 & 59. 196; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 93 & 213. 1995; Molden- ke, Résumé 109 & 93. 1959; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 176 (1971) and 2: 965. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 262 & 265. 1977. Tllustrations: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: pl. 21. 1928. This species is based on A. Silveira 648 from "In campis are- nosis in serra do Cabral", Minas Gerais, Brazil, collected in November, 1918, and deposited in the Silveira herbarium. Curi- ously, on page 380 of his work, Silveira (1928) refers to "Tabu- la CCXLII" as illustrating this species, but the plate that ac- tually does so is "TABULA CCXLI". Also, on page 19, he gives "1917" as the date of collection of the type; whether this is a typographic error, a correction of the date previously given, or a second collection from the same locality is not clear. The species is known thus far only from his collection(s). In habit it appears similar to S. multicaulis Alv. Silv. SYNGONANTHUS PULCHELLUS Moldenke, Phytologia 25: 230, nom. nud. February 7, 1973; 27: 7173, fig. h. October 12, 1973. Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 25: 230 (1973) and 27: 7l— 73, fig. h. 1973; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 57: 3780. 197h. Tllustrations: Moldenke, Phytologia 27: 72, fig. h. 1973. Citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Anderson, Stieber, & Kirk- bride 35843 (N--isotype, Z—type). SYNGONANTHUS PULCHER (Korn.) Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 255. 1903. Synonymy: Paepalanthus pulcher Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 452—-53. 1863. Dupatya pulchra (Korn.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 746.1891. Dupatya pulchra Kuntze apud Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 1, 15. 1902. Bibliography: Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 278, 452-53, & 507. 1863; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 746. 1891; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 2: 02. 189; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 1, 145. 1902; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzen- reich 13 (4-30): 245, 255, & 293. 1903; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 175. 1908; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 2, 15. 1941; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 2, 2: 02. 196; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 19, 31, 53, & 59. 196; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2}, 93 & 213. 1949; Moldenke, Phytologia : 329. 1953; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 3, 145. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé 109, 261, 327, & 93. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 3, 2: fo2. 1960; Renné, Levant. Herb. Inst. Agron. Minas 72. 19603 Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 3: 1) (1962), 12: 12 (1965), and ly: 2. LOTT Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 29 1966; Moldenke, Fifth Sum. 1: 176 & 484 (1971) and 2: 589, 638, & 965. 1971. The type of this species was collected by George Gardner (no. 5265) somewhere in Minas Gerais, Brazil, probably deposited in the Berlin herbarium where two specimens of this collection were photographed by Macbride as his type photographs numbers 10697 and 25175. Material has been collected in flower and fruit in August. eidditional citations: BRAZIL: Distrito Federal: Sucre 709 (Ac), 796 (Z). Goids: Ule 236 (P). Minas Gerais: G. Gardner 5265 [Macbride photos 10697] (B--isotype, Mi--isotype, N--isotype, N-- photo of isotype, W--photo of isotype). SYNGONANTHUS PULVINELLUS Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 394--395. 1962. Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 39l--395. 1962; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.6: 55. 1963; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 2: 1517. 1963; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 14: 131. 1970; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 176 (1971) and 2: 965. 1971. Citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Maguire, Mendes Magalhdes, & Maguire 9133 (N-type, Z--isotype). SYNGONANTHUS QUADRANGULARIS Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 333--33h, pl. 210. 1928. Bibliography: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 333—33) & 420, pl. 210. 1928; Wangerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 57 (1): 4:78. 1937; Fedde in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 57 (2): 896. 1933; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 272. 1938; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 2: 426. 191; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 19 & 59. 196; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 93 & 213. 1949; Moldenke, Résumé 109 & 93. 1959; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 176 (1971) and 2: 965. 1971. Illustrations: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: pl. 210. 1928. This species is based on A. Silveira 659 from "In campis are- nosis prope Barauna", Minas Gerais, Brazil, collected in April, 1918, and deposited in the Silveira herbarium. On page 20 of his work Silveira (1928) gives the type locality as "Baraunas". The species is known thus far only from the original collection. SYNGONANTHUS RECLINATUS (Korn.) Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 260—261. 1903. Synonymy: Paepalanthus reclinatus Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 447. 1863. Dupatya reclinata (Kérn.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 746. 1891. Dupatya reclinata Kuntze apud Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 1, 145. 1902. Bibliography: Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): Lh7 & 507. 1863; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 76. 1891; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 2: 02. 189); Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 1, 145. 19023 Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 246, 260—261, & 293. 1903; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 175. 19083; Lutzelb., Estud. Bot. Nordést. 3: 149 & 151. 1923; 30 PURPYVETSOsESONG Teak Vol. 38, no. 1 Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 2, 145. 19); Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 2, 2: 02. 1963; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 1: 223. 19463; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Er- ioc. 19, 31, 53, & 59. 1946; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Ver- benac., [ed. 2], 93 & 213. 199; Moldenke, Phytologia : 329--330. 1953; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 3, 145. 1959; Mol- denke, Résumé 109, 281, 327, & 93. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 3, 2: 02. 1960; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 3: 1h. 1962; Moldenke, Fifth Summ, 1: 176 & 85 (1971) and 2: 589 & 965. 1971; Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeogr. Est. S. Paulo, ed. 1, 6: 1163 & Ind. 21 & 28. 19723 Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 36. 1977. This species is based on G. Gardner 388 from Goi4s, Brazil, deposited in the herbarium of the Botanisches Museum in Berlin, where it was photographed by Macbride as his type photograph num- ber 10698; he photographed an isotype in the Copenhagen herbarium as type photograph number 25176. Ruhland (1902) cites only the single original collection. The label accompanying Macbride's photograph number 25176 is incorrectly inscribed as representing G. Gardner "3422". The Angely work (1972), cited above, is in- scribed "1970" on its title-page, but was not actually published until 1972. Recent collectors have encountered this species in marshes, on marshy campos, and on sandstone rock, flowering in February, May, July, and August, and fruiting in August. Murga Pires & Black 2259 is a mixture with something rubiaceous. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Liitzelburg 536 (Mu). Goids: G. Gardner 3188 [Macbride photos 10698 & 25176] (B—type, M—-isotype, N--isotype, N-—-photo of type, W--1066780—isotype, W— photo of isotype, W--photo of type); Liitzelburg 631 (Mu, W-- 1716263, Z), 1340 (Mu), 1443 (iu). Maranh#o: Murga Pires & Black 1609a (N), 2259 in part (N). Rio de Janeiro: Jobert 1221 (P). S#o Paulo: Glaziou 10108 (P). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: drawings by Kornicke (B). SYNGONANTHUS REFLEXUS Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 58: 327—- 328. 1931. Synonymy: Leiothrix echinulata Moldenke, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 77: 390. 1950. Bibliography: Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 58: 327--328. 1931; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 272. 1938; Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 59 (2): 20. 19393 Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 6 & 59. 1946; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 3: 775. 1949; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 65, 93, & 213. 1949; Moldenke, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 77: 390. 1950; Mol- denke, Phytologia : 330. 1953; E. J. Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 11: 133. 1953; Moldenke, Résumé 69, 7h, 109, 309, & 493. 1959; Tomlinson in C. R. Metcalfe, Anat. Monocot. 3: 149, 159, 161, 162, 175, 18h, 186, 189, & 191. 1969; Moldenke, Fifth Summ, 1: 120, 128, & 176 (1971) and 2: 547 & 965. 19713; Cardenas de Gueva- ra, Act. Bot. Venez. 10: 39. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 35. 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae a: 1977 This species is based on G. H. H. Tate 305 from swampy ground at the Grand Savanna, Esmeralda, Amazonas, Venezuela, de- pee in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. da, Vaupés, Colombia, collected on pecener 10, 1943, and deposit- ed in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden at St. Louis. Gleason (1931) says that "The species is a member of the sec- tion Thysanocephalus Koern., as shown by its campanulate heads and imbricate bracts. Among the species of this section, its nearest allies appear to be S. centauroides (Bong. ) Ruhl. and S. squarros- us Ruhl., both of Minas Geraes and both lacking the prominently reflexed bracts of our species.” Recent collectors describe this plant as growing to 30 cm. tall, the leaves in several planes, coriaceous, rich-green, the involu- cres buff-brown, the heads white, the flowers white or dull-white, and (according to Tate) the "petals large" [surely an error in observation]. They have found it growing on savannas and wet savannas and those with a quartzite base, in swampy ground, and around the periphery of swamps, at altitudes of 100--2100 meters, flowering from April to August and October to December, fruiting in April and November. Maguire and his associates refer to it as "abundant", "locally frequent in savannas and sabanitas", "local- ly abundant in scrub savanna", and "common perennial herb forming hummocks in savannas", Williams says of it "una de las plantas mAs corrientes en los claros en la sabana". Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Vaupés: P. H. Allen 3199 (E, F--photo, N, N--photo, Z--photo); Maguire, Wurdack, & Keith 1,185 (N); Sarnites, Baker, & Cabrera 18178 (Ss); Schultes & Cabrera 1229 (Ss), 14348 (Ss), 18355 (W--2113113, W--2172130), 19172 (Ss, W—2172371) , 19948 (Ss), 19990 (Ss). VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Far- iflas, Velasquez, & Medina 50 (N); Foldats 369 (N), 3831 (Ve); Maguire & Wurdack 35655 (N); Maguire, Wurdack, & Bunting 36352 (N), 36675 (Mu, N); Maguire, Wurdack, & Keith 11759 (B, B, Mu, N, 5), 1,2803- (N), 41920 (N) 3 Haguire, uire, Wurdack, & = Maguire 11681 (N, 12262); Ll. Williams ms 15068 (F—1189031, W--1877L01); Wurdac k & Adderley 42868 - 2868 CNS) is . Bolfvar: J. A. Steyermark 7585) Sl (Z)e BRAK ZIL: Amazénas: Murca Pires 25 {Herh. IPEAN 15002] (Ld). Paré: Black & Ledoux 50-10570 10570 (W—225066) ; Ducke 8169 (Bs), aaOLy (Bs), 11683 (Bs), 19h (Bs); car W. A. Egler 218 [Black 19502] (Bs), | 270 [Black 19602] (Bs (Bs); Murga Pires, Black, Wurdack, & Silva 6182 2 (N), 6462 (N), 6470 (N), 6533 ca SYNGONANTHUS RETRORSO-CILIATUS Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 347—39, pl. 220. 1928. Synonymy: Syngonanthus retrorsociliatus Alv. Silv. apud Wors- dell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 2: 26. 191. 32 PAHeyorsOehtOxnG ark Vol. 38, now 1 Bibliography: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 347--3h9 & 420, pl. 220. 1928; Wangerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 57 (1): 478. 1937; Fedde in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 57 (2): 896. 1938; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 272. 1938; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 2: 26. 19h]; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 19 & 59. 196; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 93 & 21h. 1993; Molden- ke, Résumé 109 & 93. 1959; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 176 (1971) and 2: 965. 1971. Illustrations: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: pl. 220. 1928. This species apparently based on three collections by fivaro da Silveira from "In campis arenosis in serra do Chapad%o et serra da Babylonia" and "in campis arenosis prope Miilho Verde, in serra do Espinhago", Minas Gerais, Brazil, collected in April and June, 1925, and all apparently numbered "77" in the Silveira herbarium. On page 20 of his work (1928) Silveira cites only the 747 from “Serra da Babylonia.....1925" so I suppose this should be selected as the lectotype. He comments that the "Species ob folia retrorso= ciliata certe notabilis". Thus far it is known only from the original collections. SYNGONANTHUS RETRORSUS Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 3hl—3l5, pl. 218, Taye 26 1928. Bibliography: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 3h--3L5 & 20, pl. 218, fig. 2. 1928; Wangerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 57 (1): fi78. 19373 Fedde in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 57 (2): 896. 1938; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 272. 1938; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 2: 26. 191; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 19 & 59. 196; Mol- denke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 93 & 21h. 199; Moldenke, Résumé 109 & 93. 19593 Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 176 (1971) and 2: 965. 1971. Tllustrations: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: pl. 218, fig. 2. 1928. This species is based on A, Silveira 86 from "In campis inter Itacambira et Juramento", Minas Gerais, Brazil, collected in July, 1926, and deposited in the Silveira herbarium. On page 20 of his work (1928) Silveira gives only "Itacambira" as the type locality. He comments that the "Species a speciebus affinibus pilis peduncu- lorun retrorsis praecipue differt". Thus far it is known only from the original collection. SYNGONANTHUS RHIZONEMA Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 269. 1903. Synonymy: Paepalanthus rhizonema Ruhl. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 2: 10, in syn. 1960. Bibliography: Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4=30): 26h, 269, & 293. 1903; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 175. 1908; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 19 & 59. 1963 Moldenke, Known Geo- gr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 93 & 21. 19495; Moldenke, Phyto- logia : 330. 1953; Moldenke, Résumé 109 & 93. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 2: 10. 1960; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 176 (1971) and 2: 589 & 965, 1971; Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeogr. Est. S. Paulo, ed. 1, 1163 & Ind. 28. 1972. 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 33 This species is based on Glaziou 1328) from "nahe S8o Paulo, im Moor", S#o Paulo, Brazil, flowering in April, deposited in the herbarium of the Botanisches Museum in Berlin, where it was photographed by Macbride as his type photograph number 10699. Ruh- land (1903) says that the "Species habitu valde insignis, Pe inundato Koern. proxima". The printed labels accompanying Glazi- ou's collection are inscribed "Rio de Janeiro", but the collection was obviously made in Sf#o Paulo. The Angely work, cited above, is date "1970" on its title-page, but was not actually published until two years later. Additional citations: BRAZIL: S8o Paulo: Glaziou 1328) [Mac- bride photos 10699] (B—type, N—photo of type, W--photo of type). SYNGONANTHUS RIVULARIS Moldenke, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 9: LU1— 412. 1957. Bibliography: Moldenke, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 9: )11--112. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 7); & 93. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 3: 12. 19623 G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 13: 132. 19663 Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 128 (1971) and 2: 965. 1971. This species is based on Steyermark & Wurdack 792 from swampy depressions along the river in wet savannas along th the east branch of the headwaters of the Rfo Tirica, at 2120 meters altitude, in the central section of the Chimant4é Massif, Bolivar, Venezuela, on February 12, 1955, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. The collectors note that the spe— cies was locally frequent, forming large masses. Foldats 3829 is a mixture with S. temis (H.B.K.) Ruhl. Citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Foldats 3700 (N), 3829 in part (N). ee Steyermark & Wurdack 792 (Ba—isotype, “Mu—isotype, N--type 2 SYNGONANTHUS ROBINSONII Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 37. 1968. Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 437 & 438, pl. 2. 1968; Anon., Assoc. Etud. Tax. Fl. Afr. Trop. Index 1968: 25. 1969; A- non., Biol. Abstr. 50 (8): B.A.S.I.C. S.186. 1969; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 50: 149. 1969; Rickett & Becker, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 96: 387. 1969; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. All6: 39. 1970; Moldenke, Fifth Sum. 1: 26 (1971) and 2: 96h. 1971; Heslop—Harrison, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 15: 133. 197h. Illustrations: Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 438, pl. 2. 1968. Collectors have found this plant growing in damp soil over rocky outcrops, flowering and fruiting in April. A letter to me from Sir George Taylor, dated March 12, 1968, says, in part, that "we have a specimen of the Syngonanthus E. E. Ae Robinson 5167 from Northern Rhodesia. It has not been identified with any known African species, and is at the moment provisionally named Syngonanthus sp. near S. schlechteri Ruhl. A note in the herbarium adds that the Robinson specimen matches B. D. Burtt 3970 from Tanganyika and Richards 9307, 930 and 10012, “all from North- ern Rhodesia. There is no authentic material of | 3. angolensis in 3h PHETODO GLA Vol. 38, now. 1 the Kew Herbarium, so it is just possible that the plant in qes- tion may be conspecific with this. It is certainly distinct from both S. chevalieri and S. wahlbergii." Citations: ZAMBIA: E. A. Robinson 5167 [N. Y. Bot. Gard. Type Photos N.S. 887] (Mu—-isotype, N--type, N--photo of isotype, Z—- isotype, Z--photo of isotype, Z—drawings of type), 6586 (Mu, N). SYNGONANTHUS RUFIPES Alv. Silv., Fl. Serr. Min. 77. 1908. Bibliography: Alv. Silv., Fl. Serr. Min. 77. 1908; Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 388 & 420, pl. 247. 1928; Fedde & Schust. in Just Bot. Jahresber. 6 (2): 5. 192); A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 8: 231. 1933; Wangerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 57 (1): 78. 19373 Fedde in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 57 (2): 896. 1938; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 2: 26. 191; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 19 & 59. 1946; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 93 & 21h. 19493 Moldenke, Résumé 109 & 93. 1959; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 176 (1971) and 2: 965. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 253 e 1977 se Illustrations: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: pl. 27. 1928. The type of this species is A. Silveira 5) from "In campis prope Cap&o dos Palmitos, ad Serra do Cip6", Minas Gerais, Bra- zil, collected in April, 1905, and deposited in the Silveira herbarium. Silveira (1908) comments that the "Species ob tapetam papillosum in summa foliorum parte insignis". In the text of his 1928 work he refers to "Tabula CCXLVIII" as illus- trative of this species, but the plate referred to is labeled "TAZULA CCXLVII" -- plate 248 actually illustrates S. glaber Alv. Silv. Ee (Be—6 3256). SYNGONANTHUS RUFO-ALBUS Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 20, pl. 223, fig. 1, hyponym. 1928. Synonymy: Syngonanthus rufoalbus Alv. Silv. apud Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 2: 26. 191. Bibliography: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 20, pl. 223, fig. 1. 1928; Wangerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 57 (15: 78. 1937; Fedde in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 57 (2): 896. 1938; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 2: 426. 1913 Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 37h & 381. 197; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 93 & 21k. 1949; Moldenke, Phytologia : 330. 1953; Mendes Magalhfes, Anais V Reun. Anual Soc. Bot. Bras. 236—-237. 1956; Moldenke, Résumé 109 & 493. 1959; Renné, Levant. Herb. Inst. Agron. Minas 72. 1960; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 176 (1971) and 2: 965. 1971; Mol- denke, Phytologia 36: 47. 1977. Illustrations: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: pl. 223, fig. 1. 1928. This species is apparently based on A. Silveira 791 from Mil- ho Verde, Minas Gerais, Brazil, collected in 1926 and deposited in the Silveira herbarium. As far as I am aware, no formal de- scription of the species has ever been published. Mendes Magal-— 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 35 hfes says that it flowers in July and August. Wangerin (1937) cites Silveira's original (1928) illustration as "tab. CCXIII", but the plate actually is labeled "CCXXIII" -- plate 213 depicts S. bicolor Alv. Silv. SYNGONANTHUS RUPRECHTIANUS (Korn.) Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (l-30): 271 [as "Rupprechtiams"]. 1903; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 175. 1908. Synonymy: Paepalanthus ruprechtianus Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 437. 1863. Dupatya ruprechtiana (Korn.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 76.1891. Dupatya ruprechtiana Kuntze apud Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 1, 15. 1902. Syngonanthus rupprechtiamus (Korn.) Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (l-30): 271. 1903. Paepalanthus rupprechtianus Korn. apud Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzen- reich 13 (4-30): 271, in syn. 1903. Dupatya rupprechtiana Kuntze apud Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (h-30): 271, in syn. 1903. Dupatya rupprechtiana (Korn.) Kuntze apud Moldenke, Fifth Sum. 1: 485, in syn. 1971. Bibliography: Korn. in Mart., Fl. bras. 3 (1): 437 & 507. 1863; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 76. 1891; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 2: 02. 189); Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 1, 145. 1902; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (l-30): 271, 272, & 293. 1903; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 175. 1908; Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 20. 1928; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 2, 145. 191; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 2, 22 02. 1946; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 19, 31, 53, & 59. 1963; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 93 & 21h. 199; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 3, 145. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé 109, 282, 328, & 93. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 3, 2: 02. 19603; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 176 & 485 (1971) and 2: 590 & 965. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia Oat 95, 42, Wb, & 7 (1977) and 372 493. 1977. This rare (or poorly understood) species is based on an unnum- bered Riedel collection from somewhere in Minas Gerais, Brazil probably deposited in the Leningrad herbarium. Silveira (19285 cites A. Silveira 66) from Itambé, Minas Gerais, collected in 1918, and deposited in the Silveiraherbarium. As far as I know, these are the only two collection known of this species. Unfor— tunately, misled by Ruhland's (1903) spelling of the specific epi- thet, I hitherto misspelled it "rupprechtianus" in all of my works in which the taxon is mentioned. Originally is was proposed by Kornicke (1863) with a single "p". I see no valid reason for "correcting" the original spelling. SYNGONANTHUS SAVANNARUM Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 352 & 381, nom. “ae 19473 in Maguire & al., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 75: 202. 19,8. Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 352 & 381. 1947; Moldenke in Maguire & al., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 75: 202. 198; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 3: 701 & 894 (1949) and ): 1166. 1993; Moldenke, 36 PAHay J TO) i OxGy eh Vol. 38, no. 1 Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 67 & 21h. 1993 Molden- ke, Phytologia 4: 330. 1953; E. J. Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. ll: 2h. 1953; Moldenke, Résumé 7), 76, & 493. 19593 Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 5. 1959; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.4: 593. 19623 Molden- ke, Fifth Summ. 1: 128 & 131 (1971) and 2: 965. 19713 Moldenke, Phytologia 33: 51 & 273. 1976. This puzzling species is based on Maguire & Fanshawe 23280 from damp soil on the Kaieteur Savanna, Guyana, deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. As was stated in the original description, this plant looks much more like a Paepalanthus than it does a Syngonanthus in general aspect. In fact, it closely resembles P. glaziovii Ruhl. and P. steyermarkii Moldenke. The former is from Minas Gerais, Brazil, and from the latter it may be distinguished by the appressed pubescence on its leaves and peduncles (in P,. steyermarkii the pubescence is spread- ing). It also resembles an cristatus Moldenke. Recent collectors have found S, savannarum growing as a forb in brejo (sedge meadows) and report it "frequent" on dry savannas and frequently forming dense dome-shaped or pulvinate cushions in the moist sand of savannas, at altitudes of 1000—-1330 meters, flower- ing in February, April, May, and November. They refer to the flower—heads as "white". In Guyana it is called "pin-cushion". The Steyermark & Wurdack 331 and Wurdack & Adderley 4287), dis- tributed as S. savannarum, are now regarded by me as representing f. glabrescens Moldenke. Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Bolfvar: B. Maguire 33729 (Mu, N); J. A. Steyermark 93759 (N, Z). GUYANA: D. H. Davis 779 (N); Maguire, Bagshaw, & Maguire 0653 (Mu, N); Maguire & Fanshawe 32536 (N). SYNGONANTHUS SAVANNARUM var. GLABRESCENS Moldenke in Maguire & Wurdack, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 9: 112. 1957. Bibliography: Moldenke in Maguire & Wurdack, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 9: 12. 1957; Moldenke, Résum& 7) & 493. 19593 Moldenke Résumé Suppl. 11: 4. 1964; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 128 (19713 and 2: 965. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 33: 51. 1976. This glabrous or subglabrous variety is based on Steyermark & iturdack 539 from along a rivulet at the base of the Upper Falls of the Rfo Tirica above Summit Camp, where it was growing in dense tufts, at an altitude of 1050--190 meters, in the Central Section of the Chimant4 Massif, Bolfvar, Venezuela, collected on February 7, 1955, and deposited at the New York Botanical Garden. The var- iety has also been encountered at 125 meters altitude in Amazonas. Collectors refer to it as "locally abundant" in clumps in open san- dy areas of scrub forest, the flowers white, and found it in an- thesis in February and June, in flower and fruit in July. Ruiz- Ter4n & Lépez—Palacios describe the plant as a "hierba psaméfila y heliéfila, 5--10 cm. de alto, repetidamente bifurcada; capitulos hemisfericos, l-—-5 mm. de didmetro, con escapo corto pero exserto; 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 37 flores pequefias, blancas". The specimens cited below, exciusive of the type collection, were originally distributed as typical S. savannarum Moldenke in various herbaria or as Paepalanthus muscosus Korn. Citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Wurdack & Adderley 4287) (N, S). Bolfvar: Ruiz-Terén & Lépez-Palacios 11217 (Z); Steyermark & Wurdack 331 (N), 539 (N—type) . SYNGONANTHUS SCHLECHTERI Ruhl. in Schlecht., Westafr. Kautschuk- Exped. 272, nom. nud. 1900; in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (l- 30): 2h7—2h8. 1903. Synonymy: Paepalanthus schlechteri (Ruhl.) Macbr., Candollea S: 348. 193k. Bibliography: Ruhl. in Schlecht., Westafr. Kautschuk-ixped. 272. 1900; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 2h), 2h7—2)8, & 293. 1903; Thiselt.—Dyer, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 2: 180. 190k; Pilger in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. Erganz. 2, Nachtr. 3 zu 2: 41. 1908; H. Lecomte, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: 595 & 597. 1909; J. F. Macbr., Candollea 5: 38. 193); A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 200. 1938; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 21 & 59. 196; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 115 & 214. 1949; Moldenke, Phytologia lh: 330. 1953; Moldenke, Résumé 142, 328, & 492. 1959; Moldenke, Fifth Summ, 1: 231 (1971) and 2: 590 & 965. 19713 Moldenke, Phytologia 35: 308. 1977. The Pilger (1908) work cited in the bibliography of this spe- cies is dated "1906" by Stapf (1931); the Lecomte (1909) paper was published as part of the November 13, 1908, session report of the Society, but according to the "Index Kewensis" was not ac- tually published until 1909. This species is based on R. Schlechter 1253 from sandy moist ground at Stanley Pool, Dofo, Zaire, flowering in June, deposited in the Berlin herbarium, Citations: ZAIRE: Bacicchi 03 (Ba, Mu); R. Schlechter 12153 (B-type, B--isotype, Z—isotype). SYNGONANTHUS SCHWACKEI Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 259. 1903. Bibliography: Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (-30): 25, 259, & 293. 1903; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 175. 1908; Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 20. 1928; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 19 & 59. 196; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 93. 1948; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 93 & 21h. 19493 Moacyr do Ama- ral Lisboa, Rev. Esc. Minas 5. 1951; Moldenke, Phytologia ): 330. 1953; Moldenke, Résumé 109 & 93. 1959; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 176 (1971) and 2: 965. 1971. This species is based on Schwacke 5h7 {I.1221] from "Buritysal bei Burity doce....1878", Maranhfo, Brazil, deposited in the Ber- lin herbarium. Ruhland (1903) comments that the "Species valde insignis. Habitu tenero, pedunculorum indumento et bracteis in- volucrantibus ab affinibus recedit. Species 2 antecedentibus 38 Po YEO ' LOG BA Vol. 38, no. 1 proxima." The species to which he here refers are S. anthemi- florus (Bong.) Ruhl. and S. laricifolius (G. Gardn.) Ruhl. Sil- veira (1928) cites A. Silveira 619, collected in Bahia in 1912. As far as I know, the species is known only from these two col- lections. Citations: BRAZIL: Maranh&o: Schwacke 5,7 [1.1221] (B--type). SYNGONANTHUS SCLEROPHYLLUS Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (h- 30): 255. 1903. Synonymy: Paepalanthus sclerophyllus Ruhl. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 22, in syn. 1959. Syngonanthus sclerophylla Ruhl. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 12: 12, in syn. 1965. Bibliography: Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 2h5, 255, & 293. 1903; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 175. 1908; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 19 & 59. 199; Moldenke, Known Geo- gr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 93 & 21h. 1949; Moldenke, Phy- tologia : 330. 1953; Moldenke, Résumé 109 & 93. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 22 (1959) and 12: 12. 1965; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 176 (1971) and 2: 590, 638, & 965. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 67. 1977. This species is based on Glaziou 22305 from "Burity Vermelho, in Mordsten", Goids, Brazil, flowering in June, and deposited in the herbarium of the Botanisches Museum in Berlin where it was photographed by Macbride as his type photograph number 10700. Ruhland (1903) comments about this species: "Haud scio, an non melius varietas modo S. goyazensis planta nostra sit". Thus far it is knovm only from the original collection. Citations: BRAZIL: Goids: Glaziou 22305 [Macbride photos 10700] (B--type, N--photo of type, W--photo of type). SYNGONANTHUS SICKII Moldenke, Phytologia 7: 90-91. 1959. Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 7: 90--91. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 7 & 26 (1959) and 2: 5. 1960; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 35: 1688. 1960; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.5: 592. 1962; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 13: 132. 19663 Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 176 (1971) and 2: 965. 1971. Citations: BRAZIL: Par4: Sick B.667a [Herb. Pabst 616] (Bd, Z), sen. [Serra do Cachimbo, 5.57; Herb. Pabst 703] (Bd——type) . gene ae SIMILIS Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (h-30): 259. 1903. Bibliography: Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (h-30): 2h5, 259, & 293. 1903; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 175. 1908; Molden- ke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 19 & 59. 196; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 93 & 214. 199; Moldenke, Phytologia : 330. 1953; Moldenke, Résumé 109 & 93. 19593; Mol- denke, Fifth Summ. 1: 176 (1971) and 2: 965. 1971. This species is based on an unnumbered Sena collection from the Serra do Cipé, Minas Gerais, Brazil, flowering in August, and designated as no. 14570 in the Schwacke herbarium deposited 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 39 at Berlin, photographed there by Macbride as his type photograph number 10701. Apparently Ruhland's first choice of a name for this species was S. schwackei -- a name which he later gave to another species (q.v.). Thus far S. similis is know only from the original collection. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Sena s.n. (Herb. Schwacke 1570; Macbride photos 10701] (B—type, N--photo of type, W--photo of type, Z--isotype). SYNGONANTHUS SIMPLEX (Miq.) Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (h- 30): 2h8--2h9. 1903. Synonymy: Paepalanthus hispidus Klotzsch in M. R. Schomb., Verz. Faun. & Fl. Brit.-Guian. [Reisen Brit.-Guian. 3:] 1116, hyponym. 1848. Paepalanthus simplex Miq., Stirp. Surin. Sel. (Natuurk. Verh. Holl. Maatsch. Wetensch. Haarlem Verz. 2 (7):] 222. 1850. Eriocaulon simplex Miq. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 280. 1855. Eriocaulon hostmanni Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum 2: [Cyp.] 281. 1855. Eriocaulon simplex Benth. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 33). 1855. Dupatya simplex (Miq.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 746. 1891. Eriocaulon simplex Steud. apud Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 1: 879, in syn. 1893. Dupatya simplex Kuntze apud Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 1, 145. 1902. Eriocaulon simplex (Miq.) Steud. ex Uittien & Heyn in Pulle, Fl. Surin. 1: 221, in syn. 1938. Eriocaulon hostmannii Steud. ex Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 35, in syn. 196. Bibliography: Klotzsch in M. K. Schomb., Verz. Faun. & Fl. Brit.-Guian. [Reisen Brit.-Guian. 3:] 1116. 188; Walp., Ann. Bot. Syst. 3: 662 (1852) and 3: 1093. 1853; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 280, 281, & 334. 1855; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 297, 62, 463, & 507. 1863; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 746. 1891; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 1: 878 & 879 (1893) and imp. 1, 2: 02. 189); N. E. Br., Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot., ser. 2, 6: 72. 1901; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 1, 145. 1902; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 2hh, 2h8--2h9, 284, 286, 287, 290, 292, & 293. 1903; Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 58: 328. 1931; Uittien & Heyn in Pulle, Fl. Surin. 1 [Meded. Konink. Ver. Ind. Inst. 30, Afd. Handelmus. 11:] 220 & 221. 1938; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 2, 145. 191; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 2, 1: 878 & 879 (1946) and imp. 2, 2: 02. 1963 Mol- denke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 6, 7, 31, 35, O, 49, Sh, & 59. 196; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 352. 197; Moldenke in Maguire & al., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 75: 202. 1948; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 3: 701 (199) and h: 985. 1949; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 65, 67, 68, 93, & 21h. 199; Mol- denke in Maguire, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 8: 102. 1953; Moldenke, Phytologia 4: 331. 1953; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 3, 145. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé 69, 7h, 76, 77, 109, 282, 289, Fe) PH LOA -0e TR Vol. 38, mete 292, 325, 328, & 93. 19593 Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 3, 1: 878 & 879 (1960) and imp. 3, 2: )0@. 1960; Mol- denke, Résumé Suppl. 12: 12. 1965; Van Donselaar, Wentia 1h: 70. 1965; Lindeman & Gorts~van Rijn in Pulle & Lanjouw, Fl. Surin. 1 {[Meded. Konink. Inst. Trop. 30, Afd. Trop. Prod. 11]: 335--337. 1968; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 120, 128, 131, 133, 176, & 86 (1971) and 2: 503, 513, 58h, 590, & 965. 19713; Moldenke, Phytolo- gia 29: 29) (197), Fiz 383 & 386. (1975), 35: 112, 306.307, o395 Fee (1977), 36: 63—65, 72, & 7h (1977), and 37: 5h, 71, & e 9 . Ruhland (1903) reduced this species to the synonymy of S. bi- formis N. E. Br., while Uittien & Heyn (1938) reduced it [along with S. biformis] to S. gracilis (Bong.) Ruhl. These three tax are admittedly very similar in general appearance, but Lindeman & Gorts-van Rijn (1968) distinguish them as follows: 1. Male and female flowers not very unequal in size or shape; in- volucral bracts about the same length as the flowers. 2. Leaves about 5 mm. long, densely rosulate, white-villous and pilose, later glabrous; peduncles 5-7 cm. long; involu- cral bracts glabrous, the inner ones ciliate; style with- out aopendages.......... NODC OOOO OO NL o+eeeeede Simplex. 2a. Leaves 1—3 cm. long, cespitose, glabrous or slightly puberulous; peduncles 6-——30 cm. long; involucral bracts equaling or longer than the flowers; sepals at first pu- berulous in the middle, later glabrous........5. gracilis. la. Male flowers about half as long as the female ones, irregular, longer—pedicellate; heads somewhat echinate in appearance; leaves 6--8 mm. long, arachnoid, tomentose to glabrous above; involucral bracts much shorter than the flowers.S. biformis. Gleason, in his unpublished Flora of British Guiana, differen- tiates them and what he regarded as related taxa as follows: 1. Lateral sepals of the staminate flowers strongly falcate and inequilateral. 2. Pistillate and staminate flowers, including the pedicels, about equal in length. ...cscsseescseeeeecseveeeds Simplex. 2a. Pistillate flowers about twice as long as the stamin- ALE ONES. ceecceccsesccsescesscecccsesscessseors Diformis. la. Lateral sepals of staminate flowers not falcate, “equilateral. 3. Bracts obovate, broadly rounded at the summit. .S. gracilis. 3a. Bracts oblong, acute to obtuse at the apex. . Leaves rosulate; peduncles not glandular; sinus of the sheaths, opposite the lamina, acute...S. hae {now regarded as not distinct from S. gracilis]. ha. Leaves crowded on a very short stem; peduncles glandu- lar; sims of the sheaths broadly rounded.....sccescece S. glandulosus. The type of S. simplex was collected by Fr. W. R. Hostmann (no. 633) in Surinam; Eriocaulon hostmanni is also based on a Hostmann collection (no, 1066) from Surinam, both deposited in the Utrecht herbarium. Lindeman & Gérts-van Rijn (1968) describe aoT Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 1 S. simplex as follows: "Leaves in a rosette, rigid, subobtuse, above white-villous and pilose at first, soon glabrous, l--7 mm. long. Peduncles few, hairs spreading, glandular-puberulous, later glabrous, 5-~7 cm long. Sheaths narrow, striate, with short, 1— 1.2 cm wide lamina [sic!]. Heads subglobose, glabrous, white, ]- 5 mm wide. Involucral bracts oblong-lanceolate, obtusish, glab- rous, white, the inner ones ciliate except at the apex. Style without apnendages." They cite Hostmann 633 and Donselaar 359 from Surinam. Gleason describes it as having “Leaves narrowly linear, closely cespitose, more or less recurved, often few in number, 5--15 mm. long, thinly hirsute; peduncles few, 8--15 cm. tall, slightly twisted, thinly pubescent; sheaths exceeding the leaves, twisted, hirtellous; heads whitish, hemispheric, }—5 m. wide; bracts oblong, obtuse, glabrous, white." He cites Jenman 3767 and Schomburgk 190.5 from Guyana. Recent collectors refer to leaves of S. simplex as flaccid and the flower-heads as white or "pale-white" and have found the plant growing on sandy or on white sand savannas, in moist sandy places on savannas, on lake shores, in standing water of sandy swales, on sand in periodically flooded savannas, on shaded stream banks, and in thin woodland adjacent to rock sandstone exposures, flow= ering in Jamary, June, October, and November, and fruiting in January and November, at altitudes of 120—750 meters. Maguire and his associates refer to it as "locally abundant" in sandy moist soil along trails and "frequent" on white sand on the bor- ders of small savannas. The vernacular name, "arib4i-pan4ru- kus{", is recorded for it in Venezuela. Ruhland (1903) cites Passarge & Selwyn 580 from Venezuela and Hostmann 633 and Kegel s.n. from Surinam. Material of S. simplex has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as Paepalanthus sp., P. subtilis Miq., and Syngonanthus biformis (N. E. Br.) Gleason. Hostmann 633 is a mixture with Syngonanthus gracilis var. koernickeanus Pu Ruhl., while Ruiz-Ter4n & Lépez—Palacios 11222a is a mixture with Pae- palanthus subtilis Miq. The Steyermark, Dunsterville, & Dun- sterville 11315h, distributed as Syngonanthus simplex, actually is S. gracilis (Bong.) Ruhl. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Amazonas: Schultes & Cabrera 12381 (Ss, W--2170835), 13505 (Ss), 1963 (Z). Vaupés: Schultes & Cabrera 19936 (Ss). VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Foldats 3690 (N); Maguire, Wurdack, & Keith 11793 (N, S). Bolfvar: Ruiz-Terdn & Lépez—Palacios 11222a in part (Ac); Steyermark, Dunsterville, & Dunsterville 113135b (Id), 113170 (Le). GUYANA: Carrick 985 (K1--3985). SURINAM: Donselaar & Donselaar 359 (Ut—-93610B) ; Hostmann 633 (B--isotype, Ut—lll—type). BRAZIL: Amazénas: Murga Murga Pires _ 2B? (W—2655152) ; Prance, Maas, Woolcott, Monteiro, & Ramos 3 16213 ( (Ld, N). LOCALITY OF | COLLECTION UNDETERMINED : Herb. Inst. Agron. Norte 8 (2). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: drawings h2 PeHeyorOeieOxG? Tek Vol. 38, no. l & notes by Kornicke (B). SYNGONANTRUS SIMPLEX var. APPENDICULIFER Ruhl. in Engl., Pflan- zenreich 13 (4-30): 28--2h9 [as "appendiculifera"]. 1903. Synonymy: Syngonanthus simplex var. appendiculifera Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 248. 1903. Syngonanthus sim- plex var. appendiculiferus Ruhl. ex Moldaenke, Known Geogr. Dis- trib. drioc. 6, 59, & 60. 196. Bibliography: Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (h-30): 2)8-- 29 & 293. 1903; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 6, 59, & 60. 196; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 67 & 21h. 1949; Moldenke, Résumé 76, 352, & 493. 19593 Moldenke, Résum& Suppl. 12: 12. 1965; Moldenke, Fifth Summ, 1: 131 (1971) and 2: 638 & 965. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 31: 383 & 386 (1975) and 37: 85. 1977. Ruhland (1903) describes this variety as "Differt a forma typica foliis paullo latioribus et stylo appendiculifero" and bases it on (1) Lloyd s.n. from Georgetown, Guyana, and (2) MacConnell & Quelch 126 from "Kotinga-Thal, nahe dem Roraima" — the former deposited in the Munich herbarium and the latter pre- sumably at Berlin. Material has been distributed in some her- baria as typical S. simplex (Miq.) Ruhl. and as S. heteropeplus (Korn.) Ruhl. On the other hand, the Pittier 581, distributed as S. simplex var. appendiculifer, actually is S. glandulosus Gleason. Syngonanthus simplex var. appendiculifer has been found grow- ing in moist or marshy campos, flowering and fruiting in August and September. Citations: GUYANA: Lloyd s.n. [Georgetown; N. Y. Bot. Gard. Neg. N. S. 8877] (Mu-—-cotype, N--photo of cotype, Z--photo of cotype). BRAZIL: Amazonas: Liitzelburg 20800 (Mu), 20875 (Mu, Z), 21053a (Mu). SYNGONANTHUS SINUOSUS Alv. Silv., Fl. Serr. Min. 75, pl. 28. 1908. Bibliography: Alv. Silv., Fl. Serr. Min. 75, pl. 28. 1908; Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 6 (25: 5. 192h; Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 353--355 & 20, pl. 22h. 1928; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 6: 248. 19313 A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 8: 231. 1933; Wangerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 57 (1): 478. 1937; Fedde in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 57 (2): 896. 1938; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 2: 426. 191; Moldenke, Knovm Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 19 & 60. 196; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 93 & 214. 1949; Moldenke, Résumé 109 & 93. 19593 Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 176 (1971) and 2: 965. 1971. Illustrations: Alv. Silv., Fl. Serr. Min. pl. 28. 19083 Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: pl. 22h, fig. 2. 1928. This species is based on A. Silveira 8 from "In stagnis jacentibus in pratis altis montis Serra do Batatal, prope Capa- nema", Minas Gerais, Brazil, collected in April, 1906, and de-— 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 43 posited in the Berlin herbarium. Silveira (1908) comments that the "Species cum S. rhizonemate Ruhl. valde affinis esse videtur, differt autem ab eo foliis glabris longioribus, pedunculis glabris atque robustis, vaginis glabris haud oblique fissis sed oblique truncatis et aliis characteribus". Thus far the species is known only from the original collection. Citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: A. Silveira 3 (B-type, Z— isotype). a SYNGONANTHUS SPADICEUS (Korn.) Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 255--256. 1903. : Synonymy: Paepalanthus spadiceus Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 452. 1863. Dupatya spadicea (Korn.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 746. 1891. Dupatya spadicea Kuntze apud Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 1, 145. 1902. Bibliography: Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 278, 452, & 507. 1863; Korn. in Warm., Vidensk. Meddel. Nat. Foren. Kjobenh. 23: 313. 1871; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 76. 1891; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 2: 02. 189); Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 1, 145. 1902; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 245, 255, 28h, 292, & 293. 1903; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 175. 1908; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 2, 1h5. 1941; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 2, 2: 02. 1946; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 19, 31, 5h, & 60. 1946; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 93 & 21h. 1949; Moldenke, Phytologia : 331. 1953; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 3, 145. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé 109, 282, 328, & 493. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 3, 2: 02. 1960; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 176 & 86 (1971) and 2: 590 & 965. 1971. This species is based on Stephan s.n. from "bei Congonhas do Campo", Piauf [not Minas Gerais as erroneously stated by me in 1953], Brazil, probably deposited in the Munich herbarium. Ruh- land (1903) erroneously cites page "53" as the page of the orig- inal description by Kornicke. In his original work (1863) Korn- icke cites only the Stephan collection, but in his 1871 work he adds a Warming collection from Minas Gerais, deposited in the Copenhagen herbarium, where it was photographed by Macbride as his type photograph number 22295, even though it is not a type. Ruhland (1903) comments that the species is "Cum specie praece- dente [S. pulcher] valde affinis". Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Warming 535 [Mac- bride photos 22295] (W-—photo). SYNGONANTHUS SQUARROSUS Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (h-30): 278. 1903. Synonymy: Syngonanthus rigidulus Ruhl. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 23, in syn. 1959. Syngonanthus silveirae Ruhl. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 23, in syn. 1959. Bibliography: Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (h-30): 276, hh PobX-P Ol Li Ove Gk Vol. 38, no. 1 278, & 293. 1903; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 175. 1908; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 19 & 60. 1946; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 93 & 21h. 199; Mendes Magal— h&es, Anais V Reun. Amual Soc. Bot. Bras. 2h2—2h3 & 276--277. 1956; Moldenke, Résumé 109 & 93. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 23. 1959; Renné, Levant. Herb. Inst. Agron. winas 72. 19603 Eiten in Ferré, Simpos . Sdbre Cerrado 195. 1962; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 176 (1971) and 2: 638 & 965. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 962 61. & 62. 1977. This species is based on Glaziou 1551 from "Caraga, auf trockenen Campo", Minas Gerais, Brazil, flowering in June, and de- posited in the Berlin herbarium where it was photographed by Mac- bride as his type photograph number 10602, the labels of which er roneously state that the photograph depicts Glaziou 1550. Ruh- land (1903) comments that the "Species S. centauroidei, lei, praesertim foliis obtusis et bracteis involucrantibus valde squarnocia prox= ima. Sed perbene 1) foliis semper planis neque tereti-crassis, 2) pedunculis semper 3costatis (nec 6 sulcatis). teretibus (nec herbaceo-planis), 3) habitu omnino graciliore differt". It also resembles S. flexuosus Alv. Silv. and S. glaber Alv. Silv. Syngonanthus squarrosus has been found in anthesis from Octo- ber to February as well as in April and June, in fruit in June. Eiten (1962) encountered it in "Sedge meadow on level ground at inner edge of river plain" and cites "M & M 8563". Syngonanthus rigidulus is based on A. Silveira 470 and Ss. silveirae on A. Silveira 430, both from Minas Gerais and both deposited in t the Berlin herbarium. The printed labels accompanying Glaziou's or=— iginal collection are inscribed "Rio de Janeiro", but the collec tion was made at Caraca in Minas Gerais. Material of S. squarrosus has been misidentified and distrib- uted in some herbaria as S. vernonioides (Kunth) Ruhl. and S. xeranthemoides (Bong.) Ruhl. On the other hand, the Mattos 8563 and Mello Barreto 747, distributed as S. squarrosus and cited by Biten (1962), are actually S. xeranthemoides (Bong.) Ruhl. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Archer & Mello Bar reto 979 (Herb. U. S. Nat. Arb. 177462] (W—2121776); Glaziou 15541 [Macbride photos 10702] (B-type, N—isotype, N--photo of type, W—112)1)1--isotype, W--photo of type); Mello Barreto 4931 [Herb. U. S. Nat. Arb. 17752h] (W--21217)2); A. Silveira 130 (B), 470 (B); Werdermann 397 (B). SYNGONANTHUS SQUARROSUS var. ELATIOR Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 396. 1928. Bibliography: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 396. 1928; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 19 & 60. 1963 moldenke, Known Geo- gr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 93 & 21h. 19193 Moldenke, Résu- mé 109 & 92. 1959; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 176 (1971) and 2: 965. 1971. 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae us Silveira (1928) describes this variety as "Foliis 20-—-25 cm longis et pedunculis 50--60 cm altis a specie typica differt" and bases it on A. Silveira 8h6 from "In campis arenosis inter Ita- cambira et Juramento", Minas Gerais, brazil, collected in July, 1926, and deposited in the Silveira herbarium. Thus far it is known only from the original collection. SYNGONANTHUS STEYERMARKII Moldenke, Phytologia 2: ),18--l19. 1948. Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 118--19, 91, & 99. 198; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 65 & 21). 199; Moldenke, Phytologia : 331. 1953; E. J. Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 11: 2h). 19533; J. A. Steyerm., Fieldiana Bot. 28: 1158. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 7) & 493. 1959; J. A. Steyerm., Act. Bot. Venez. 1: 247. 1966; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 128 (1971) and 2: 965. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 33: 273. 1976. The Steyermark, Steyermark, Wurdack, Wurdack, & Wiehler 106650, distributed as Syngonanthus steyermarkii, actually is Paepalanthus steyermarkii Moldenke,. SYNGONANTHUS SURINAMENSIS Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 373 & 381, nom. nud. 19:7; in Maguire & al., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 75: 202- 203. 198. Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 373 & 381. 19473 Molden- ke in Maguire & al., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 75: 202--203. 19)8; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 3: 701. 199; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 68 & 21). 1993; E. J. Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 11: 2h. 1953; Moldenke, Résumé 77 & 93. 19593 Lin- ‘deman & Gorts-van Rijn in Pulle & Lanjouw, Fl. Surin. 1 [Meded. ‘Konink. Inst. Trop. 30, Afd. Trop. Prod. 11): 33) & 338—339. (1968; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 133 (1971) and 2: 965. 19713 Mol- denke, Phytologia 35: 307. 1977. This species is based on Maguire 2)502 from wet dripping cliffs 200 meters west of Grace Falls, Tafelberg, Surinam, where the plant is said to be "locally frequent" and was collected on August 25, 19), deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. Lindeman & Gorts-van Rijn (1968) cite on- ly the original collection. SYNGONANTHUS TENUIPES Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 326--327, pl. 207. 1928. Bibliography: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 326--327 & 20, pl. 207. 1928; Wangerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 57 (1): 178. 1937; Fedde in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 57 (2): 896. 1938; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 272. 1938; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 2: 26. 1915; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 19 & 60. 1963 Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 93 & 21h. 1949; Moldenke, Résumé 109 & 93. 1959; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 176 (1971) and 2: 965. 1971. TDlustrations: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: pl. 207. 1928. This species is based on A. Silveira 659 from "In campis are- Lié PVHeYeToOPhrOsG TA Vol. 38, noise nosis prope Barauna", Minas Gerais, Brazil, collected in April, 1918, and deposited in the Silveira herbarium. On page 20 of his work (1928) Silveira cites his no. 658 from "Baraunas", but whether this is intended as a second collection, a correction of the original citation, or is a mere typographic error, is not clear. He comments that the "Species ob pedunculorum pilositatem praecipue ad affinibus distinguenda." Thus far the species is known only from the original collection(s). SYNGONANTHUS TENUIS (H.B.K.) Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (l- 30): 253. 1903. Synonymy: Eriocaulon tenue H.B.K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pl., ed. quarto, 1: 253—25). 1816 [not E. teme Buch.-Ham., 1832, nor Hamilt., 1959, nor Poepp., 181]. Eriocaulon terme Humb. & Bonpl. apud Roem. & Schult. in L., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 nova, 2: 865--866. 1817. Eriocaulon tenve Kunth apud Poir. in Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat. 2h: 21. 1822. Paepalanthus tenuis (H.B.K.) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 53h. 182. Eriocaulon brachyphyllum Willd. ex Kunth, Enum, Pl. 3: 53h, in syn. 181. Eriocaulon tenue Humb. & Kunth apud Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 53h, in syn. 181. Paepalanthus tenuis Kunth apud Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 60 & 507. 1863. Dupatya temis (H.B.K.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 7h6. 1891. Paepalanthus bulbifer Huber, Bol. Mus. Para. 2: 99. 1898. Dupatya tenuis Kuntze apud Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 1, 145.1902. Syngonanthus bulbifer (Huber) Ruhl. in Engl., Pflan- zenreich 13 (-30): 272. 1903. Syngonanthus vaupesanus Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 6-7. 191. Bibliography: H.B.K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pl., ed. quarto, 1: 253— 25 (1816) and ed. folio, 1: 202. 1816; Roem. & Schult. inL., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 nova, 2: 865--866. 1817; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 1, 313. 1821; Wikstr., Trenne Nya Art. Ortel. Erioc. 12. 1821; Poir. in Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat. 2h: 21. 1822; Spreng. in L., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 776. 1826; Steud., Nom. Bot. Phan., ed. 2, 1: 586. 180; Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 53, 612, 61h, & 625. 181; D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 262—263. 1852; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 282 & 33). 1855; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 460 & 507. 1863; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 746. 1891; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 1: 877 & 879 (1893) and imp. 1, 2: 02. 189); Huber, Bol. Mus. Para. 2: 99 & 500. 1898; Barnhart, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 29: 585—598. 1902; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 1, 145. 1902; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 28, 2hh, 253, 271, 272, 28h, 287, 289, 292, & 293. 1903; Thiselt.—Dyer, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 2: 131. 1905 Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 175. 1908; Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 416. 1928; Du- rand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 2, 15. 1913 Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 6—7. 191; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 2, 1: 877 & 879 (1946) and imp. 2, 2: 02. 1946; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 5, 6, 17, 31, 41, 5, 55, 56, & 60. 19463 moldenke, Phytologia 2: h93. 19183 Moldenke, Known Geogr. 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 7 Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 61, 65, 91, 95, 212, & 21h. 1949; Moldenke, Phytologia h: 299 & 331. 19533 Moldenke in Maguire, lien. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 8: 102. 1953; E. J. Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 11: 2h). 1953; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 3, 15. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé 69, 7h, 106, 109, 112, 282, 293, 323, 328, 352, 91, & 493. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 16, 18, 20, & 23. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 3, 1: 877 & 879 (1960) and imp. 3, 2: 02. 1960; Moldenke, késumé Suppl. 2: 5 (1960), 3: 3h (1962), 12: 12 (1965), and 18: 12. 19693; Mol- denke, Phytologia 20: 8. 1970; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 120, 128, Dyogee 156.(1971) and 2: hol, Sik, 578, 591, 635, 638, & 965. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 29: 99 (197), 30: 280 (1975), 3h: 259 & 260 (1976), 35: 347, Wb2, & LS (1977), 362 32, 36, 73, & 75 (1977), and 37: 275. 1977. This species is based on Humboldt s.n. from Javita, on the banks of the Rfo Tuamini, in Amazonas, Venezuela, deposited in the Berlin herbarium, where it was photographed by Macbride as his type photograph number 10703; this specimen is also the type of Eriocaulon brachyphyllum Willd. Paepalanthus bulbifer is based on Guedes 601 from "in campis ad fluvium Maracd", Guyana, also deposited in the Berlin herbarium where it was photographed by Macbride as his type photograph number 10676. The type of Syngonanthus vaupesanus was collected by José Cuatrecasas (no. 6973) at Yurupari, 350 km. above Miti, in Vaupés, Colombia, on September 2), 1939, and deposited in the United States National kerbarium at Washington. The Eriocaulon tenue credited to "Buch .—-Ham." and to "Hamilton" is a synonym of E. cinereum R. Br. [not of E. sexangulare L. as claimed by Jackson (1893)], while E. tenue Poepp. belongs in the synonymy of Paepalanthus polytrichoides Kunth. Syngonanthus tenuis is described by collectors as cespitose, growing in clumps, with the "stems" [peduncles] filiform, dull- green, "leaves mostly absent, those present slender and pale- green", the involucral bracts white, elongate, the inflorescence heads and flowers white or the "heads white centrally". They have encountered it in shady places, in sand, in swampy meadows or swampy ground on rocks, on quartzitic savannas or "artificial campos", on moist campos between rocks or sandy moist campos, in thin woodland adjacent to rocky open sandstone exposures, and on white sand of sabanitas, at altitudes of 120—750 meters, flow- ering from June to January and in May, fruiting in August, Octo-— ber, and November. Maguire and his associates report it "locally abundant", "infrequent in wet places", or "common (or abundant) on savannas", Kunth (181) avers that the species is related to his Paepal- anthus brizoides [now known as Syngonanthus gracilis (Bong. Ruhl.}]. Ruhland (1903) erroneously cites the original publica- tion of Paepalanthus tenuis as "Kunth, Emm. pl. III (1855) 282", apparently confusing the Kunth work with Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 48 PHY TsO) E70 (G) tk Vol. 38, now 1 2: [Cyp.] 282, published in 1855. Barnhart (1902) confirms 1816 as the actual date of publication of both the quarto and folio editions of the original H.B.K. description, even though Ruhland dates the former as "1815". A letter received by me from Mlle. Keraudren, assistant at the Paris herbarium, dated August 6, 1958, states that "Le type de Syngonanthus tenuis de 1'Herbier Humboldt & Bonpland n'a pas été retrouvé, par contre nous possédons deux isotypes (Javita in ripa, Tuamini). J'ai pu constater que les scapes de ces isotypes ont des poils souples, longs et fins, blanchatres." Ruhland (1903) cites Passarge & Selwyn 259 from Sipao, Venezu- ela, for S. tenuis and Guedes 601 from Rfo iiarac4, Guyana, for S. bulbifer, commenting that the "Bulbilis in foliorum axillis enas- centibus ante omnes familiae species insignis". Huber (1898) says that "Esta especie tem alguma affinidade com o Paepalanthus tenuis Kth., de Venezuela, porem ella se distingue bem pelas bracteas abertas e a presenca de bulbillos. Estes ultimos n&o me mostraram nenhum vestigio de forma¢%o pathologica de maneira que devo consideral-os como producgSes normaes, servindo sem duvida a uma disseminac&%o vegetativa da planta. Segundo ma consta serie isto o primeiro exemplo de forma¢g&o de bulbillos no genero Pae- palanthus e no grupo inteiro das Eriocaulaceas." Silveira (1928) cites Huber 38 from Marac4, collected in 1396, probably not Marac4é island in Para, Brazil, as has been as- sumed previously, but the same Rfo Marac4 in Guyana where the type collection of S. bulbifer originated. Syngonanthus tenuis bears strong resemblance to S. drouetii L. B. Sm. Material has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as S. gracilis (Bong.) Ruhl. On the other hand, the Drovet 2112, distributed as S. temis in some herbaria, is the type goli@ecten of S. drouetii L. B. Sm., while Schulibes & Lépez 10308 is S. elongatulus Ruhl. and Steyermark, Dunsterville, & Dunsterville 113217 is the type collection of S. tenuis var. minor Moldenke. Schultes & Cabrera 1970) is a mixture with S. umbellatus (Lam.) Ruhl., Foldats 3829 is a mixture with S. rivularis Woldenke, Fol- dats 3695 is a mixture with Xyris sp. and a grass, and Prance, Penni nnington, & Murga Pires 1295 is a mixture with something non=- eriocaulaceous Additional & emended citations: COLOMBIA: Amazonas: Garcfa- Barriga & Schultes 118 (N). Vaupés: Cuatrecasas 6973 (N, N-- photo); Maguire, Maguire, & Fernandez 11 (N); Maguire, Wur- dack, & Keith Keith 41458 (N, | (N, S); Schultes, Baker, & Cabrera 18451 (Ss, W--2172192, 2, W--219890h) , 18533 (Ss); Schultes & Cabrera 1232 (Ss), 11126) (Ld), 1970s in part (N, Ss), 19918 (Ss). VENEZ- UELA: Amazonas: Foldats 3695 in part (N), 3829 in part (N); Hum- boldt s.n. [Javita; Macbride photos 10703] (B, N--photo of type, LOTT Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae ho W--photo of type); Maguire, Wurdack, & Bunting 36336 (N), 36590 (N); Vareschi & Maegdefrau 6781 (Ve--l\2898). Bolivar: Steyermark, Dunsterville, & Dunsterville 113129a (Le), 11332 (Ld). GUYANA: Guedes 601 [Macbride photos 10676] (| (B, N—-photo, W--hoto, Z, Z— photo). BRAZIL: Amazénas: Frées & Addison 29270 (2); hurga Pires 80a [Herb. IPEAN 15060] (Ld); Pri Prance, Nelson, Mo Monteiro, & L & Lima 21039 (ld). Goidss Murga Pires & Black 217 (s 3==28209, N, | N)- Minas Gerais: Hatschbach, Anderson, Barneby, & Gates poe (Ld, N). Par&: G. A. Black 50-3 50-8615 (ny, 5u-1673k (Ca—282h9, N, Ut-- 72013b) , 5416860 . (Bm); “Ducke 11935 (Bs), 11686 (Bs), sooth (Bs), Son. [Herb. Mus. | Mus. Goeldi 868) (Bs)j We A. Egler 213 [Black | 19,97] Gy. 269 (Bs), 335 [Black 19678] (Bs), 110) [Herb. Brad. 17003] (La); Ee Egler & Raimundo s.n. [Egler 8035 “Herb. Mus. Goeldi 23633] (Bd--12292, Mm), s.n. [Egler 1221; Herb. lus. Goeldi 2268] (Bm), Sone [acter 1269; Herb. Mus. Goeldi 24316) (Bm), s.n. [Egler 1282; Herb. Mus. Goeldi 2,329] (Bm); Frées 27835 (Z), 29901 (Be--80016, Le), 30096 (Z); Goeldi Son. [Herb. if Mus. Goeldi 15058) (Bs) 5 Herb. Mus. Goeldi 9798 (Bs); Murca Pires 079 (N, Z), 6050 (Bm), s.n. THerb. Inst. Agron. Norte 71676] (Zz); E. Pereira - 5008 (Bd--1269) 3 Prance, Pennington, & Murga Pires 1295 i in part (N, S) S); N. T. Silva hh (i); Sioli 53 (Hk). State undetermined: Herb. Inst. Agron. Norte 2 (Z)ig Re E. Schultes 10308 (Z). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: drawings and notes by Kornicke (B). SYNGONANTHUS TENUIS var. MINOR Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 275. 1977. Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 275. 1977. Citations: VENEZUELA: Bolfvar: Steyermark, Dunsterville, & Dunsterville 113217 (Z—type). SYNGONANTHUS TIRICENSIS Moldenke, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 9: 12. 1957. Bibliography: Moldenke, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 9: 12. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 7), & 93. 1959; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 13: 132. 1966; Moldenke, Fifth Sum. 1: 128 (1971) and 2: 965. 1971. The type of this species was collected by Julian A. Steyer- mark and John J. Wurdack (no. 739) among rocks on a rocky and swampy savanna between the west and east branches of the head- waters of the Rfo Tirica, at an altitude of 2120--2210 m., in the central section of the Chimant4 Massif, Bolivar, Venezuela, on February 11, 1955, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. Thus far the species is known only from the original collection. eel VENEZUELA: Bolfvar: Steyermark & Wurdack 739 (N—- type). SYNGONANTHUS TRICHOPHYLLUS Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 329--330. 1958. Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 329--330. 1958; Molden- 50 PH. TPO iE-O:G Fok Vol. 38, no. 1 ke, Résumé 69 & 93. 19593 Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 33: 1215. 1959; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.5: lh. 1962; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 13: 132. 1966; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 120 (1971) and 2: 965. 1971; CArdenas de Guevara, Act. Bot. Venez. 10: 38. 1975. Citations: COLOMBIA: Amazonas: Garcfa Barriga & Schultes 14138 (Z--type) . SYNGONANTHUS ULEI Ruhl., Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 48: 130. 1907. Synonymy: Paepalanthus ulei Ruhl. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1h: 9, in syn. 1966. Bibliography: Ruhl., Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 48: 130. 1907; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suopl. 4, imo. 1, 230. 1913; Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 20. 1928; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 19 & 60. 1946; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., fed. 2], 93 & 21h. 1949; Moldenke, Phytologia h: 332. 1953; Anon., U. S. Dept. Agr. Subj. Index 5: 227. 1958; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. h, imp. 2, 230. 1958; Moldenke, Résumé 109, 117, & 93. 1959; Moldenke, Ré- gumé Suppl. lh: 9. 1966; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 176 (1971) and 2: 592, 773, & 965. 19713 Anon., Biol. Abstr. 56 (1): B.A.S.I.C. S.25h. 1973; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 56: 69. 1973; Moldenke, Phy- tologia 25: 223 & 230. 19733 Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 292. 197); Moldenke, Phytologia 35: 289. 1977. This species is based on Ule 6176 from "auf Sandboden in der Campina on der Ponta Negra, Rio Negro," Amaz6nas, Brazil, flower- ing in May, and deposited in the herbarium of the botanisches Museum in Berlin where it was photographer by Macbride as his type photograph number 1070). The type is inscribed "Paepalan- thus ulei" in Ruhland's handwriting -- apparently he at first regarded the plant as a Paepalanthus. He conments that "die Art gehért zur Sektion Eulepis Bong. Sie steht S. habrophyus nahe, unterscheidet sich aber sehr gut durch die Behaarung von Blattern und Scheiden, durch die ktirzeren Involucralbrakteen etc." Ducke found the species growing on campos, flowering in December, January, and July. Silveira (1928) cites a no. hi, no collector designated, collected at Manaos, Prazil, in 1902. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Amaz6nas: Ule 6176 [Macbride photos 1070] (B-type, Mi--isotype, N-—-photo of type, W-—-photo of type, Z--isotype). Par&: Ducke 803 (Ut--169)), s.n. [Herb. Mus. Goeldi 86] (Bs), sen. [Herb. Mus. Goeldi 9110] (G1), s.n. [Herb. Mus. Goeldi 10475] (Z), sen. [Herb. Mus. Goeldi 10936] (Bs). SYNGONANTHUS ULEI var. GOYAZENSIS Moldenke, Phytologia 25: 223-- LEH ack Oo. Bibliography: Anon., Biol. Abstr. 56 (1): B.A.S.I.C. S.25h. 19733 Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 56: 69. 1973; Moldenke, Phytologia 25: 223-22 & 230. 1973; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 292. 197; Moldenke, Phytologia 35: 289. 1977. The type collection is a mixture with Phiiodice cuyabensis (Bong.) Korn. [to be continued] A RESUME OF THE GENUS CLEOBULIA (LEGUMINOSAE) AND ITS RELATION TO THE GENUS DIOCLEA Richard H. Maxwell Indiana University Southeast Herbarium, 4201 Grant- line Road, PO Box 679, New Albany, Indiana 47150. Herbarium and Field Studies in the Leguminosae. Supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid of Research. Cleobulia Mart. ex Bentham is a genus of papili- onaceous legumes. The genus contains three species and falls easily into the Subtribe Diocleinae as diagnosed by Lackey (1977). Cleobulia is closely related to Dioclea H.B.K. This relationship has never been questioned. Cleobulia was placed in the Tribe Phaseoleae, Subtribe Diocleae, next to Dioclea by Bentham (1839, 1859, 1865). Taubert (1895) fol- lowed Bentham's side-by-side but separate relation- ship. Macbride (1943) placed Cleobulia in synonymy under Dioclea. Hutchinson (1964) maintained Cleo- bulia as distinct from Dioclea as do Lackey (1977) and I (1969). The characters forming the basis of this relationship and my reasons for maintaining separate status are discussed below. In Bentham's (1839) original description of Cleobulia, he described its close relationship to Dioclea based on his analysis of the similar habits, and floral and vegetative characters of the two genera. The fruits of Cleobulia were incompletely known. Bentham refused to unite the genera primar- ily because of the distinct wing petals of Cleo- bulia. > ea Cleobulia multiflora Mart. ex Bentham is the type of the genus. Bentham (1839) cited Martius's syntypes and specimens in Pohl's collections. Of these elements I have seen Martius s.n. (BR, M) end Fon! % s.n. (W). The Pohl ? sim. collection-is a good, representative specimen determined "Cleobulia multiflora Benth. (tipse)," in what appears to be Bentham's handwriting; but the question mark after "Pohl" indicates doubt as to whether the specimen is actually a Pohl collection. Bentham did not cite any Pohl collections of C. multiflora in Flora Brasiliensis. 51 52 PHYTOL Gia Vol. 38, no. 1 The Martius collections from M consist of three sheets tagged 12757, 12758, and 12759 (annotated by me 12 Aug., 1971). The sheet tagged 12757 is deter- mined Cleobulia (& Cratylia) multiflora Mart. vid. Bentham; it contains the exact habitat and locality data Bentham used in his original description. The photo of Schott s.n., Brasilia, taken at K and cited below should be disregarded as an element if a lecto- type for C. multiflora is chosen. Bentham added the final two species, C. leiantha and C. diocleoides, in Martius, Flora Brasiliensis. He noted that fruits of C. multiflora and C. leian- tha have a thickened upper suture and seeds with linear hila encircling about half the circumference of each seed; fruits of C. diocleoides have not been found. Bentham stated that all the Cleobulia characters are similar to Dioclea except for the dwarf wings scarcely surmounting the calyx and the shorter calyx teeth. He asked the question, "An melius pro sectione Diocleae habendi?" (Bentham £669 §ip< 167) It is interesting to note that Bentham listed, "Species 1, Brasiliensis. Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. Papil. 167. t. 45." in Genera Plantarum in 1865 even though he described the two new species mentioned above in Flora Brasiliensis before 1859, bringing the species total to three. I am not sure the omis- sion was intentional. The page number and plate refer to C. multiflora. I have not found in the literature where Bentham might have reduced C. leian- tha and C. diocleoides to varieties or placed them in synonymy although I have considered reducing C. leiantha myself. Following the description of Cleobulia in Genera Plantarum, Bentham again stated that the genus is distinguished with difficulty from Dioclea Section Eudioclea, except for the dwarf wings and smaller flowers. Under Dioclea in Genera Plantarum, Bentham compared the three sections. He characterized Sec- tion Eudioclea species as possessing 1) stipules not produced from the base, 2) anthers uniform, and 3) the hilum linear, half encircling the seed. In my treatment of Dioclea (1969), I raised Bentham's sec- tions to subgenera; these three characters still validly delimit taxa of Subgenus Dioclea. Macbride (1943, p. 322) placed Cleobulia and 1977 Maxwell, Resume of Cleobulia Cratylia in synonymy under Dioclea remarking, "The character or characters relied upon to distinguish Cratylia and Cleobulia are also found in varying degree of development in Dioclea and are not of tax- onomic importance." Under Dioclea leiantha (Mart.) Macbr., comb. nov., he adds, "The genus Cleobulia, as remarked by Bentham and Hooker, was altogether artificial." I am unable to find where this strong a statement was made in the literature, but Bentham unquestionably felt Cleobulia was very closely related to Dioclea Section Dioclea. The status of the genus Cratylia Mart. ex Benth. will be discussed in a subsequent paper (in prep). It is interesting to note that Lackey (1977) reported all his examples of Diocleinae tested posi- tive for canavanine except Cleobulia and one species of Dioclea, D. huberi Ducke. Dioclea huberi is anomalous within my Subgenus Platylobium (Benth.) Maxwell, stat. nov. ined. (which includes Sections Platylobium Benth. and Macrocarpon Amshoff) because of possessing a linear hilum; all other known seeds in the subgenus have oval or oblong hila. Dioclea huberi was the only species of about eight within the two sections that Lackey tested. The genus Cratylia (also of about eight species) if included in Dioclea would go into this subgenus, Section Macrocarpon, with D. huberi. Cratylia was also omitted from testing. Additional testing may show Dioclea as an artificial assemblage based on the canavanine character. I feel the following characters are sufficient to maintain genus status for Cleobulia: the dwarf wing, about 2/3 the keel length and slightly ex- ceeding the calyx; the short calyx lobes, about half the tube length; the flower length and the attitude of the standard (except reflexed in C. diocleoides). Other characters mentioned, such as the linear hilum half encircling the seed and non-produced stipules, are shared with at least one other genus; however, it is not uncommon for a single conservative charac- ter to delimit a genus in the Phaseoleae, such as the calyx lobe configuration in Canavalia. 53 Sh Pan sYor 0.170) Galek Vol. 38, noped CLEOBULIA Martius ex Bentham, Comm. Leg. Gen. 67. 1837. Type: C. multiflora Mart. ex Benth. Vines, twining and climbing, woody. Leaves tri- foliolate, petiole and rachis canaliculate, the rachis reduced, occasionally absent; stipules trian- gulate, non-produced, persistent. Leaflets with the terminal lamina broadly ovate or obovate, the lateral broadly ovate or elliptic, inequilateral, reticulate above, sometimes rugose, pubescent above and below, the apices usually acute, the bases cuneate or rounded, with 6-8 pairs of primary lateral veins, prominent beneath; the stipels setaceous, ca. 1 mm long, persistent. Inflorescences usually axillary, occasionally with small leaves towards the base, erect, to 70 cm long, with flowers fasciculate- racemose along the distal 1/2-1/5 of the length; the tubercles sessile, globose; bracts triangulate, ca. 2mm long, persistent or caducous. Flowers usually reddish, occasionally lilac or purple (color unknown in C. diocleoides), 10-15 mm to possibly 20 mm long, borne on short pedicels; bracteoles narrowly ovate or flabellate, ca. 3 mm long, usually caducous; bract- lets caducous; the calyx campanulate, the tube ca. 6 mm long, ca. twice the lobe length, glabrous, gla- brescent or with dense fulvous-ferruginous pubes- cence, 4-lobed, the upper lobe broadest, entire or shallowly bifid, the laterals and lower lobe acute, 2-3 mm long. Standard spreading or reflexed in C. diocleoides, with the lamina obovate-orbicular, shal- lowly emarginate, acallose, biauriculate plicate basally, Age rae adaxially towards the apex, the claw ca, mm long; the wings free, ca. 2/3 the keel length, the lamina reduced, semisagittate, auriculate and usually with a spur, the claw ca. 4 mm long; keels with the lamina squarish, the upper margin aur- iculate basally, rising gradually along the upper margin then broadly truncate, gibbous, the claw 3-6 mm long, the wings and keels glabrous, the petals somewhat carnose; stamens 10, the anthers uniform, the vexillary filament free or attached submedianly to the staminal sheath, filaments of the other 9 fused basally forming a collar, then a tube, becoming free distally, the vexillary filament free basally, sometimes pubescent, the staminal sheath pubescent basally; the pistil straight, then geniculate, the style erect, ca. 3 mm long, glabrous, the stigma capitate, glabrous; the ovary ca. 6 mm long, 6-8 LOTT Maxwell, Resume of Cleobulia 55 ovulate, sessile, velutinous. Fruits oblong, 2- valved, probably dehiscent, ca. 6 cm long, ca. '2°em wide, 2-3 mm thick, the upper suture erect, with small ribs close or adnate to either side, the lower margin slightly swollen, naviculate. Seeds ca. 6, reniform, the hilum encircling nearly half the testa. Key to the Species 1. Calyx glabrous or glabrescent, if glabrescent, sparse puberulent, the appressed hairs much less than 0.5 mm long; inflorescences lax, not appear- ing as a compact mass of flowers, the tubercles of the rachis distant. 2. Standard reflexed (fide Bentham); upper leaf- let lamina rugose; calyx glabrous, dark; flowers usually longer than 15 mm long, color unknown; bracteoles persistent?, keel petals more than twice the calyx length (fide Bentham); Southeastern Brazil: Minas Gerais. eee eis Ss Titel se. eRe, SAG dveeicotges 2. Standard spreading; upper leaflet lamina not rugose; calyx glabrous, usually glabrescent, carneous; flowers to ca. 15 mm long, crimson; bracteoles caducous, keel petals nearly twice the calyx length; Amazonian Flora, Para. i ietin a6. Wein osuem, paneer, Bone a ee Leen, 1. Calyx velutinous, with fulvous-ferruginous hairs, the hairs erect or ascending, more than 0.5 mm long; inflorescences dense, appearing as a com- pact mass of flowers, the tubercles of the rachis crowded; Southeastern Brazils Bahia, Espirito Santo, Minas Gerais, Parana, Rio de Janeiro, a lic ht te Re ae ee Sie a ee Lars: 1. CLEOBULIA DIOCLEOIDES Bentham in Martius, Fl. Bras. 15(1):168. 1859. (P,holotype. Brazil: Minas Gerais, Saint- Hilaire 1311.) Leaflets broadly ovate, the terminal sometimes obovate, the lamina 10-14 cm long, 7.5 - 12.5 cm wide, rugose above, whitish tomentose below, the apices obtuse or with acute tips. Inflorescences ca. 30 cm long, florate about half the length, tomen- tose with ferruginous-fulvous hairs; tubercles of the rachis 0.5 - 1.0 cm apart, each few-flowered. 56 Pe Vers OFL FO" Gaaiek Vol. 38, nose Flowers nodding, probably to ca. 2 cm long, borne on pedicels ca. 3 mm long or longer; bracteoles narrowly flabellate, 1-1.5 x 1-1.5 mm, glabrous, apparently persistent; the calyx moderately thick, broadly cam- panulate, the tube ca. 6 mm long, glabrous, the upper lobe very broad, the lowest ovate, the lobes less than half the tube length. Standard strongly re- flexed, broadly orbiculate, probably ca. 18 mm long; wings with the lamina reduced, narrowly obovate, ca. 4 mm long, ca. 1.7 mm wide, the claw 3 mm long, auri- culate and with a blunt, basal spur; keels slightly shorter than the standard, more than twice as long as the calyx, the lamina ca. 12 mm long, the lower mar- gin rising distally, then strongly incurved; the vex- illary stamen filament fused with the sheath towards the base, the staminal sheath collar and the enclosed vexillary filament clothed with white pubescence; the pistil probably similar to C. leiantha, with the gen- iculation of the style more strongly incurved. Fruits unknown, probably similar to the genus. BRAZIL. MINAS GER Iss Without exact locality, Saint-Hilaire Catal. B~ N° 1311 (P, holotype or iso- type, F fragment of leaflet, ex P). This description is based on Bentham's (1859) and the specimens cited. I differ from Bentham in the opinion that the inflorescences and floral parts of C. diocleoides are more similar to C. leiantha than to C. multiflora. The P specimens were seen at US in 1970 through the kind auspices of Dr. V.E. Rudd. In spite of the reflexed standard, the stronger incurved tendency of the keel and style, and the possible persistence of the bracteoles, I feel that the length of the calyx lobes relative to the tube length and the distinctive wings indicate a placement in Cleobulia rather than Dioclea. I would consider a different placement if mature C. diocleoides fruits and seeds are found which differ significantly from those of C. leiantha and C. multiflora. 2. CLEOBULIA LEIANTHA Bentham in Martius, Fl. Bras. 15(1)3168. 1859. (B from photo F Neg# 2402, BM, G, M, W, isotypes or syntypes, Spruce s.n. Aug. 1850; K from photo NYBG NS# 2488, isotype or syntype, Spruce 100}. Brazil: Para, near Santarém. ) 1977 Maxwell, Resume of Cleobulia 57 Cleobulia multiflora Mart. ex Bentham var. leian- tha (Benth.) Maxwell stat. nov., ined. Stems woody, the older reddish, with shredding bark, flat, angular, glabrescent or with a few short hairs, the young stems squarish, ferruginous-fulvous tomentose, with the hairs ca. 0.5 mm long; stipules 1.5 - 3.5 mm long. Leaves with the petioles to ca. 15 cm long, the rachis from 7 mm long to absent, the pubescence similar to young stems. Leaflets with the terminal lamina obovate, elliptic, to ca. 15 cm long, 7.5 - 10.5 cm wide, the laterals with lamina to ca. 13 cm long, 6.8 - 9.5 cm wide, inequilateral; the upper surface with erect, short, fulvous-ferruginous hairs, densely pubescent on the midrib and primary lateral veins, the lower surface and its prominent veins and veinlets with longer, curved, canescent- fulvous hairs. Inflorescences to over 70 cm long, florate half or greater the length, with short, canescent to ferruginous pubescence; tubercles of the rachis 0.5 - 1.5 cm apart, each 3-6-flowered; bracts acute-triangulate, ca. 2 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, in erect tufts at the apex of the inflorescences, fer- ruginous, caducous. Flowers with buds elliptic, with appressed, puberulent, ferruginous hairs, the flowers 12-15 mm long, borne on pedicels 1.5 - 2.0 mm long; bracteoles triangulate-subsagittate, ca. 1 x 1 mn, caducous; bractlets similar to the bracteoles except smaller; calyx with the tube ca. 6 mm long, carneous outside, glabrescent, sericeous inside the tube and extending up the lobes, the lobes short, ca. half the tube length or less, the upper bifid or entire. Standard spreading, crimson, the lamina obovate- orbicular, ca. 10 mm long, 9-13 mm wide, the claw ca. 4 mm long; wings with the lamina semisagittate, ca. 4 mm long, ca. 3.5 mm wide, the claw ca. 4 mm long; the keels with the lamina squarish, ca. 5 mm long, ca. 6 mm wide, the claw ca. 5 mm long; stamens with the vexillary filament free or united, pubescent basally, sometimes glabrous, collar of the staminal sheath with white pubescence; the pistil with 90 geniculation, the ovary ca. 7 mm long, with fulvous- canescent hairs, ca. 0.5 mm long, ca. 7-ovulate. Preuits oblong, flat, to 7.5 em long, ca. 2 em wide, canescent-fulvous tomentose to glabrescent, the upper suture erect, with parallel ribs close to each side, the lower margin slightly swollen, the pedicel ca. mm long. Seeds 5-7, somewhat reniform; the hilum linear, encircling nearly half the testa. 58 PHY TOL 0 O.0 A Vol. 38, now. 1 7 BRAZIL. PARA: Belterra, jungle edge, Baldwin 2773 (K as var. leiantha, US); Ducke RB#? 8351, 15 -ViLL-1O0/ (BM as var.); Igarapé da Lama, Planalto do Santarem, Froes 30893 (SP as var.); near Santarem, Ginzberger s.n., 13-VII-1927 (W as var.); Fordlandia, Tapajos R. region, Krukoff 1043 (G, NY as vars.); upper Cupary R., plateau between Xingu and Tapajos rs., Krukoff 1079 (BM, Go KE, as vars, Sent) hanes Arapiuns, Lago Mentai, Pires & Silva 4362 (NY as var.); vic. Santarem, Silva & Souza 2232 (NY); vic. Santarem, Spruce s.n., Aug. 1850 (photos F',, NY, Usoar type at B (F Neg# 2402), BM, F fragments ex B, G, M, W all types as vars.); Spruce 1003, Aug. 1850 (photos F, NY, US of type at K (NYBG, N.S. Neg# 2488)). Cleobulia leiantha seems closer to C. diocleoides than to C. multiflora in having similar indument (or lack of) and, perhaps, similar flower size. However, C. leiantha, with a spreading rather than reflexed corolla and keel and stigma not as strongly incurved, differs from C. diocleoides. Cleobulia leiantha, an element of the Amazonian flora, grows in terra firme along the edges of for- ests, in secondary forests, and in virgin mate. Flowering is from the last of June through November. Bentham (1859) reported the species was culti- vated, perhaps as an ornamental because of the crim- son flowers. 3. CLEOBULIA MULTIFLORA Martius ex Bentham, Comm. Leg. Gen. 67. 1837 and Ann. Mus. Wien 2:13. 1839. (M syntypes, based on sheets tagged 12757, 12758, 12759. Brazils probably Minas Gerais, Martius s.n.) Illustrated in Martius, Fl. Bras. t. 45. Dolichos coccineus Velloso, Fl. Flum. 321. 1825, Leon rtf pr bs.) P56 L895 aciness Sea's Cratylia multiflora Benth. nom. nud. (MSS name on Martius s.n. at M) Stems to 2.5m long, terete, canescent-fulvous tomentose; stipules ca. 1 mm long, pubescent. Leaves with the petioles deeply canaliculate, almost winged, 5-10 cm long, the rachis from 10 mm long to almost absent, the pubescence similar to young stems. Leaf- lets with the terminal lamina obovate, elliptic or LOTT Maxwell, Resume of Cleobulia 59 orbicular, 9-14 cm long, 6.5 - 10.0 cm wide, the laterals with lamina ovate to oval, greatly inequi- lateral, to ca. 13 cm long,' to ca. 10 cm wide, the upper surface pubescent with erect to ascending curved ferruginous hairs, the lower surface with ascending canescent-fulvous to ferruginous hairs from the prominent veins and veinlets. Inflorescences 30-55 cm long, occasionally branching, florate woe 1/3 the length, rarely half the length, canescent- fulvous tomentose; tubercles crowded distally, each ca. 6-flowered; bracts triangulate, ca. 3 mm long, fulvous pubescent, persistent. Flowers with buds globose to slightly elongate, densely covered with velutinous, ferruginous pubescence, the flowers 10-12 mm long, borne on pedicels ca. 2 mm long; bracteoles ferruginous, somewhat lanceolate, 2 mm long, less than 1 mm wide, caducous; calyx with the tube ca. 6 mm long, with appressed, ferruginous pubescence, ser- iceous inside the tube and up the lobes, the lobes short, ca. half or less the tube length, the upper lobe bifid or entire. Standard spreading, red, rose red, lilac to purple, the lamina obovate-orbicular, ca. 10 mm long, ca. 12 mm wide, the claw ca. 4 mm long; wings with the lamina semisagittate, ca. 3 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, the claw ca. 4 mm long; the keels with the lamina squarish, ca. 5 mm long, ca. 4.5 - 6.0 mm wide, the claw ca. 5 mm long; stamens with the vexillary filament apparently free, densely pubescent towards the base and jon the adjacent stami- nal sheath; the pistil with 90~ geniculation, the ovary ca. 6 mm pone with ferruginous-fulvous hairs over 0.5 mm long, 6-9-ovulate. Fruits oblong to elliptic, coriaceous, flat, ca. em long, ca. 2 cm wide, ferruginous-fulvous velutinous, the upper suture thickened, the lower margin swollen. Seeds ca. 6, reniform; the hilum linear, encircling nearly half the testa. BRAZIL: WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY: Rio de Janeiro or Sado Paulo, Bowie & Cunningham s.n. (BM);.Glaziou 8455? (C); Sado Paulo?, Krieger 1105 (SP); Martius? 05 BR); Pohl? s.n. (W, annotated as syntype fide Bentham (1839)); Alcantarra?, Riedel 1319 (BM, GOET, LE, NY, US, W); Saint-Hilaire C279 (P); Schott s.n. (photo C, NY, US of "type" at K, NYBG, N.S. Neg# 2489, not a type); Schiieh s.n. (NY, W); Sello or Gardner 8 (BM); Talbot 984 (K); Minas Gerais?, Warming 3194 te. BAHIA: Between Lencdéis and Itaberaba, Pereira 2054 (BM). ESPIRITO SANTO: Forest reserve of Sooretama, Belém 1500 (UB). MINAS GERAIS: Fazenda de Cachoeira, Barreto 1501 (SP), 5796 (BHMG, US); 60 Pel YeTeOr TOG eA Vol. 38, now 1 Santa Barbara, Barreto 5416 (BHMG, SP); Bento Rodri- ques, Damazio "1886 (G); Ponte Nova, Diogenes BHMG or es # 22.456 (BHMG, ro near Pachero, Exp. Stat. of ayers = er 559 (SP); Road to Rio Novo, Heringer (SP); Barra do Rio Piranha, Martius s.n. (M ae 3 sheets tagged 12757, re 12759 ); He sage road to Sao Miquel, Mexia 4566 (BM, G, S, pea 4763 (CEM eG oS. U4 Ot US) ; Teofilo Ot6ni, Trinta 748 E Fromm 1824 (NY): 18 km N of Sérro, L.O. Williams 6803 (UC, US); without exact locality: Ackermann Salley 1832 (BR); Martius s.n., 1832? (BR); Miers s.n. (BM) ; Saint-Hilaire B’ 704 (P); Sello s.n., 98, 284 (BM). PARANA: Barra Grande, Mun. Bocaiuva do Sul, Hatschbach 7133 (US). RIO DE JANEIRO: Between MS de Janeiro and the Orgdos Mts., Gardner (BM, G, W); Restinga de oe Hemmendroff 421 (S); Cantagallo, Martius s.n. (BR), Martius? 280 (BR); Guanabara, Ilho do Governador, Pabst q (M, NY); near Sumidouro, F,J. Pabst et al 5386 (NY); Sire oase g. een (NY) ; Cantagallo, Peckolt s.n. (BR, 5eh (W); Capivari, Mun. de Caxias, See et. “al 88 (W) » oot (NY); Mandiocca, Riedel s.n. (K, LE, NY), 677 (LE); Barra de Sao Jo#o, Irir Tysalye gl “Beach, Segadas- -Vianna et al 387 (US); between Rio Bonito and Casimiro de A Abreu, _ Trinta 228 | & Fromm 2004 (NY); without exact localitys Allemao s. 1860 (G); Casaretto 1516 (G); Gardner 5433 (My. Glaziou 25/40 (BR, C); Minas Gerais or Rio de Janeiro, Raben 605 (BR); Herb. Warming 3112, ta on stem 362, Warming = we SAO PAULO: ioe Kuehn & funinann 195 Sunioann 1338 Se Soe dos Campos, Lofgren tie eg (S); Guaratin- gueta, see RB Jo tS) 6995, 15-6- igtt U); Santa Izabel, Kuhlmann SP# 35812, 15 VIII 1936, (SP); without exact locality: Riedel & Langsdorff 735 (LE); Saint-Hilaire Cat. D780 (PY. The Allemao s.n. (G) specimen cited above had been determined Dolichos coccineus VelloSo. I examined the Velloso plate (1835) at the Missouri Botanical Garden. The text description I referred to is from Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro 5:301, 1881. Sampaio and Peckolt (1943) do not comment on the nomenclature of D. coccineus. The plate shows clearly the short calyx lobes which characterize Camptosema p.p., Cratylia p.p., and Cleobulia. These genera have sympatric species in Rio de Janeiro, where Vellogo collected. Dolichos coccineus, as described in the text and 1977 Maxwell, Resume of Cleobulia shown in the plate, is similar to Cleobulia in the following characters: habit; glabrous (except multi- flora); inflorescences erect, congested, bearing spikes (tubercles); flowers short (except diocle- oides?), flower color, short calyx lobes; standard spreading (except diocleoides), sub-rounded, wings shorter than the keel petals; somewhat similar pistil geniculation; habitat and distribution (of multi- flora); flowering in November. However, as noted, there are exceptions to the Similarities. Also, the leaflet shape in the plate is not similar to that of Cleobulia. The leaflet shape in the plate is similar to Cratylia species; but these species also possess reflexed standards, large wing petals about equal to or longer than the keels, and pubescence. The description and plate also share several characteristics with Camptosema species; but these species usually have long flowers, with the laminae of the petals long and narrow, the wing and keel lengths about equal, and the petals membraneous. The text description is too brief, and diagnos- tic characters are omitted. The corresponding plate shows neither gynoecial nor androecial characters clearly, and the fruits and seeds are unknown. The same conditions hold with other Velloso names. I call attention to this fact because many Subtribe Diocleinae species can be found here. Although the description and plate of D. cocci- neus show many similarities to Cleobulia multiflora, I cannot justify any placement on the basis of my current knowledge of the related genera. I would not advocate the insertion of Velloso's names based on the descriptions and plates without a high degree of certainty because of the nomenclatural changes and ramifications that would probably follow. Besides differing from C. leiantha in distribu- tion, C. multiflora can also be distinguished by its densely packed flowers on a shorter rachis, the more pubescent indument aspect (on buds, calyx, peduncle rachis, perhaps standard, and leaves), persistent bracts, a pubescent vexillary filament towards the base, flower color other than shades of red (towards purple and lilac), and the usual presence of a 62 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, now 1 distinguishable leaf rachis. The lower latitude C. multiflora begins flowering the last of March almost three months earlier than C. leiantha. Both finish flowering in November. Regardless of these differ- ences, the aspects of C. multiflora and C. leiantha are so similar there is no question of realigning one without the other, as might be the case with C. dio- cleoides and either of the other two. Bentham (1859) used the lack of a leaf rachis (so that the leaflet petiolules are all inserted at the same point), the calyx tube glabrous or puberulent outside and thinly sericeous inside, and the smaller wings and keel petals of C. leiantha to separate it from C. multiflora. Analysis of the additional spec- imens cited, however, shows C, leiantha commonly has a discernible leaf rachis, as in Silva & Souza 2232 (NY); C. multiflora has a rachis length from about 1.5 cm to apparently absent (the rachis is absent on only one leaf of Hatschbach 7133 (US)). My dissec- tions show the lengths of the wings and keel petals of the two species are about the same with those of C. leiantha perhaps a little longer. The characters (except pubescence) Bentham used to distinguish the two species had previously led me to conclude that the two taxa might have a varietal rather than speci- fic relationship. Moving the three Cleobulia taxa into Dioclea Section Dioclea, with pubescence as a character of sufficient magnitude to delimit species within Section Dioclea, is simply untenable. Table 1 compares selected characters between the pertinent taxa. A "+" indicates character present; a "-" indicates character lacking; a "+" indicates character present in some species but not others. Figure 1 illustrates some of the major characters. A, Cleobulia leiantha, flower aspect (Silva & Souza 2232 (NY)); B, C. diocleoides, keel and wing (Saint- Hilaire 1311 (P)); C, C. leiantha, standard, keel and wing (Silva & Souza 2232 (NY)); D, C. multiflora standard, keel and wing (Porto RB # 6995 (U)); &, C, multiflora, vexillary stamen (Diogenes BHMG # 22.456 (BHMG)); F, C. leiantha, disc region and androecium (Silva & Souza 2232 (NY)); G, ¢. leiantha vexillary stamen and gynoecium (Silva & Souza 2a32 (NY)). 1977 Maxwell, Resume of Cleobulia 63 Table 1 A summary of the Diagnostic Characters of Cleobulia and their Relation to Dioclea Section Dioclea and Dioclea Other Sections. Cleo- Dioclea Dioclea bulia pec, Dio. Oth. Sec. dwarf wings Fe = = short calyx lobes ur = = reddish flowers ate = = spreading standard tt ao - fruits without distinct ribs or ribs adnate or close to the upper suture + = a5 reduced leaf rachis ar fe = stipules non-produced + + = flowers small cf a no pubescence on some petals + ot = uniform anthers F ao ua vexillary stamen filament fused to others ph i + vexillary stamen filament pubescent and/or surround- ing staminal sheath ab = a8 pistil geniculation configuration + os a seeds 6 to ca. 8 a5 ES ae seed hilum nearly 4 encircling fe = an distribution + + + habit, including inflorescence aspect cf a: + habitat es eV: + 6h, PHY B.0. 8 0.G, 2h Vol. 38, no. i 1977 Maxwell, Resume of Cleobulia 65 In conclusion, I feel that Macbride's justifica- tion for combining Cleobulia with Dioclea is not sound. I maintain Cleobulia as closely related to, but separate from Dioclea. I follow Bentham in giv- ing the wing character heaviest weight and then the calyx lobe length to calyx tube length ratio in delimiting the genera. Cleobulia leiantha and C. multiflora are more similar to each other than to C. diocleoides. The generic placement of C. diocle- oides is provisional because of the lack of collec- tion material. REFERENCES CITED Bentham, G. 1839. Commentationes de Leguminosarum Generibus. Ann. Mus. Wien 2:131. (Preprint 1837) ---------- 1859. Leguminosae. Papilionaceae, In Martius, Flora Brasiliensis. 15(1):1-350. ---------- 1865. Leguminosae. In Bentham, G. and Hooker, J.D., Genera Plantarum. 1(2) :434-600. London: Reeve & Co. Hutchinson, J. 1964. Genera of Flowering Plants. 1. London: Oxford University Press. Lackey, J.A. 1977. A Revised Classification of the Tribe Phaseoleae (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae), and Its Relation to Canavanine Distribution. Bocweskourn, Linn. Soc. 741163-178. Macbride, F. 1943. Flora of Peru. Pub. Field. Mus. Naeeetast:: Chicago, Bot: Ser. 13. °31322-326.: Maxwell, R.H. 1969. The Genus Dioclea (Fabaceae) in the New World. Ph.D. Thesis, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale. Sampaio, A.J. and Peckolt O. 1943. A nomenclatura das especies na "Flora Fluminensis" de Conceicao Veloso e sua correspondencia atual. Arq. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro 37:331-394. Taubert, P. 1895. Leguminosae. In Engler, A. and Prantl, K. (Eds.) Die Naturlichen Pflanzen- familien. 3(5):369-416. Leipzig: William Englemann. Velloso, J. 1825. Florae Fluminensis. Reprint in Arch. Mus. Nat. Rio de Janeiro 5 (1881). Velloso, J. 1835. Florae Fluminensis-Icones, 7 te, £50. NOTES ON SYAGRUS MICROPHYLLA BURRET* S. F. Glassman Professor of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago Circle and Research Associate in Palms, Field Museum, Chicago. In the process of preparing a revision of the genus Syagrus Mart., I discovered that the holotype of S. microphylla (appar- ently the only specimen collected) was destroyed during World War II at the Berlin-Dahlem Herbarium. Recent collections of this species, however, have enabled me to clarify its status and to choose a neotype. Syagrus microphylla Burret, Fedde Rep. Nov. Spec. 32:111.1933. Holotype: Brazil, Bahia, Serra do Espinhago, dstlich Monte Chapeo, open plain, April 1932 (Werdermann 3366-B, de- stroyed). Neotype: Brazil, Bahia, Serra do Tombador, base of Morro de Chapeu, 6 km S. of town of Morro de Chapeu, elev. 1100 m, Feb., 1971 (H. Irwin, R. M. Harley and G. L. Smith 32470-UB). Acaulescent, often with a prostrate or flattened appear- ance. Petiole 7-12 cm long, margins smooth, sheathing base about 7 cm long; rachis of leaf 29-45 cm long, pinnae 20-21 pairs, middle ones in tight clusters of 2-3, densely glaucous, especially above, 10-22 cm long, 0.8-2.0 (2.5) cm wide, tips obtuse and asymetrical; expanded part of spathe 13-15 cm long and 2-3 cm wide, peduncular part 23-30 cm long, mostly glabrous, plicate-sulcate outside; branched part of spadix 9-13 cm long, peduncle 17-31 cm long, branches 4-6 in number, lower ones 5-10 cm long; male flowers 4-6 mm long, sepals 0.5-1 mm long; female flowers more or less triangular in shape, 5-7 mm long, 3-5 mm in diam.; fruit rounded to ovoid, 1.5-2.2 cm long, 1.0-1.3 cm in diam., persistent perianth 0.5-0.7 cm high, endocarp woody, about 1 mm thick, one locule, seed not seen. Specimens examined: Brazil, Bahia (see neotype above); Serra do Tombador, 2 km S.W. of Morro de Chapeu, on road to Utinga, caatinga vegetation, assoc. with Allagoptera and various cacti, very local for a radius of about 5 km on white sandy soil, common here, Aug. 1976, Glassman 13028, 13029, 13030 (CHI, SP). Vernacular names: none recorded Distribution: Brazil, state of Bahia, apparently endemic to the Morro de Chapeu mountain area, primarily on white sandy soil in the caatinga. *This research has been supported by NSF grant BMS 7509779. LOTT Glassman, Syagrus microphylla 67 Burret (1933) was in error when he placed Monte Chapeo (Morro de Chapeu) in the Serra do Espinhago. No mountain range of this name exists in the area, but there is a Serra do Espinhaco running through Diamantina, in the state of Minas Gerais. Morro de Chapeu properly belongs in the Serra do Tombador mountain range. The above cited specimens match Burret's description of S. microphylla fairly closely, and undoubtedly were collected in the same general area of the type locality; therefore, I have chosen one of these specimens (Irwin et al. 32470) as the neo- type «eie. 1). Syagrus microphylla is a distinct species, apparently with- out any very close relatives. It is easily distinguished from other taxa in the genus by its acaulescent, prostrate habit, small densely glaucous pinnae (10-22 cm long and 0.8-2 cm wide) which are tightly clustered, small triangular female flowers (5-7 mm long) and small fruits (1.5-2.2 cm long). Even though they are in different sections of the key based on leaf clus- tering, S. microphylla seems to have its closest affinity with S. werdermannii Burret (see Glassman, 1971). Both species are acaulescent, with small leaves and about the same number of pinnae, male and female flowers with similar dimensions, fruits approximately the same size, and both are narrow endemics in the caatinga of Bahia (S. werdermannii is confined to the Caetité area, about 300 km southwest of Morro de Chapeu). They differ from each other mainly in the prostrate rather than upright habit; the shorter, densely clustered pinnae rather than longer, single or loosely clustered pinnae; and the fewer (4-6 vs. 11) and shorter (5.7 cm vs. 22 cm) spadix branches. LITERATURE CITED Burret, M. 1933. Palmae Neogeae III. Fedde Rep. Nov. Spec. S2:, 102-115. Glassman, S. F. 1971. Rediscovery of Syagrus werdermannii Burret. Fieldiana Bot. 34: 1-10. 68 Poy T/OcLcOGr eA Vol. 38, now 1 Figure 1. Neotype of Syagrus microphylla Burret. Irwin et al. 32470 (UB). BOOK REVIEWS Alma L. Moldenke "JOHN GERARD — THE HERBAL or General History of Plants", the Complete 1633 Edition as Revised and Enlarged by Thomas John- son, vii & 1701 pp. & 2705 illus., Facsimile Edition of Dover Publications Inc., New York, N. Y. 1001). [1975] 1976. $50.00 oversize, clothbound. Gerard's original edition of 1597 derived much of its text from "a pre-existent translation into English by a Dr. Priest of Dodoen's Latin herbal of 1583" and much of the illustrations from "the 1588 Frankfurt herbal (Nieuw Kreuterbuch) of Jacob Dietrich" which, in turn, derived many of its "illustrations from Boch, Fuchs, Mattioli, Dodoens, de 1'Ecluse and de 1'Obel". It enjoyed considerable popularity as "England's herbal" and was augmented by the additions (800 more plants and 700 more illustrations) and corrections (with the deletion of the goose-barnacle-tree being the most notable) in this 1633 revision (and its reprinting in 1636) by the brilliant, scholarly apothecary-botanist, Thomas Johnson. This wonderful unabridged replication includes a new publisher's note, the original dedications, forewords, a catalogue of Johnson's additions, text division into three books: First "containing ‘Grasses, Rushes, Reeds, Corne, Flags, and Bulbous, or Onion-rooted Plants? ....Second "Containing the description, place, time, names. nature, and vertues of all sorts of Herbes for meate, medicine, or sweet smelling use, etc."....Third "Containing the Description, Place Time, Names, Nature, and Vertues, of ‘'rees, Shrubs, Bushes, Fruit- bearing Plants, Rosins, Gums, Roses, Heath, Mosses: Some Indian Plants, and other rare Plants not remembered in the Proeme to the first Booke. Also Mushroms, Corall, and their severall kindes, etc." There are an appendix, lists of Latin and of English plant names and an index of the uses and properties ("vertues"). Just think: Folks with the available fifty dollars can now browse through their own new exact copy of this rare and import- ant work to their hearts' and minds' content. Ordinary public libraries cam order copies for perusal by general readers, herbal- ist aficionados as well as pharmacy and medical students. It offers a chance to read late Elizabethian English and to learn a- bout pharmaceutical botany in early Renaissance days. "HENDERSON'S '"MALAYAN WILD FLOWERS' APPENDIX" by B.C. Stone, 27 pp., Malayan Nature Society, P. 0. 750, Kuala Lumpur and/or Otto Koeltz Science Publishers, D-62) Koenigstein/Taunus, West Germany, undated but recent, paperbound. 69 70 PY 10 0G AT 7k, Vol. 38, now. 1 Although "Mr. Henderson never intended his work to be exhaus— tive but rather representative of Malayan wild flowers....the Henderson [monocot and dicot] volumes actually are much used by professionals as well as amateurs and by many students in schools and universities". This appendix, the same size and color as the 197 2-volume reprint, adds by families a few hundred additional plant names with their authorities as well as nomenclatural changes effected since 1951. "DOCTORS ON HORSEBACK: Pioneers in American Medicine" by James Thomas Flemer, xxii & 338 pp., illus., Facsimile Edition Dover Publications Inc., New York, N. Y. 1001. 1968. $3.00 paperbound. This is a new printing of the 1968 unabridged replication of the original 1937 publication by The Viking Press to which has been added the Introduction and Additional Bibliographies of the 1962 edition by Collier Books. For the "six linked chapters telling the stories of seven pre-Civil War doctors who won international acclaim with medical discoveries or helped give more solid scientific foundation to the practice of medicine in the United States" their works, personal= ities and living conditions are presented in eminently readable and interesting biographies for Drs. J. Morgan, B. Rush, E. Mc Dowell, D. Drake, Wm. Beaumont, C. W. Long and Wm. T. G. Morton. "NATIONAL PARK GUIDE" Eleventh Annual Edition by Michael Frome, xii & 212 pp., illus., Rand McNally & Company, San Francis- co, Chicago, & New York, N. Y. 10022. 1977. $5.95 paper- bound. This is the excellent annually revised authoritative guide to all 300 areas of the United State National Park System including Alaska, Hawaii and the Virgin Islands. There are maps, enticing color printed photographs, and useful text information on spec- ial features, programs, approaches, seasons, lodging and camping accommodations, trails, etc. Throughout the work a reader could hardly fail to absorb much of Mike Frome's reverence for these glorious areas and the concomitant need to keep them well for all time. "THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF CHARLES DARWIN AND SELECTED LETTERS" edited by Francis Darwin, xii & 365 pp., illus., Facsimile Edition of Dover Publications Inc., New York, N. Y. 10014; new prin- ting of 1958 edition. $l.00 paperbound. This unabridged replication of "Charleg Darwin, His Life Told in an Autobiographical Chapter and in a Selected Series of His 1977 Moldenke, Book reviews yal Published Letters" presented by Appleton and Company in 1892 is in turn an abbreviation of "Life and Letters" (1837). It in- cludes in stimulating reading style information on his family life as a child and as an adult, of his Cambridge life, of the "Beagle" experiences, of the formulation, publication, and re— percussions to the "Origin of Species", and of his botanical studies on fertilization in flowers, insectivorous plants, plant movement, and his endowment of the Kew "Index" as a most fitting memorial to his life. The work is well indexed. For biology students, teachers and researchers, historians, and those who just enjoy biographical writings there are several fine works about Charles Darwin and this book is definitely one of them. "CLEF ARTIFICIELL® POUR L'ICDENTIFICATION DES ARBRES, ARBUSTES ET ARBRISSEAUX DU QUEBEC" Seventh Edition by Jean Smith with the collaboration of Louis Parrot, 105 pp., illus., Ministry of Lands and Forests, Government of Québec. 1977. Paperbound. The considerable use of the many copies of the earlier editions of this work bode well for the success of this new edit-— ion that has been carefully revised and is presented in handy pocket-size and attractive format. It presents 120 kinds of trees, shrubs and other woody plants through readily working keys, a glossary, an index from the French names to the English and to the scientific ones with their authorities, neatly drawn and labeled leaf, branch, inflorescence and fruit structures, and a bibliography. "A CATALOG OF VASCULAR AQUATIC AND WETLAND PLANTS THAT GROW IN OKLAHOMA" by John Taylor, 75 pp., Publication No. 1 of the Herbarium, Southeastern Oklahoma State University, Durant, Oklahoma 74701. 1977. Paperbound. For the past six years the author and his students have studied the vascular plants that are associated with aquatic systems mainly in the eastern half of the state. They are listed alphabetically by authored scientific names, with common synonyms, regions of growing, common names and plant families. Appendix I lists by plant families, II lists use by wildlife, III lists poten- tial weeds, IV lists those reported to be poisonous to livestock, and V lists those reported to be edible. This useful work ends with an index to the common names. 72 PH YP OU ocGt A Vol. 38, no. 1 "THE WORLD YOU NEVER SEE: UNDERWATER LIFE" text & photographs by Peter Park of Oxford Scientific Films, 128 pp., 302 illus., Rand NeNally & Company, San Francisco, Chicago, Skokie, & New York 10022. 1976. $9.95 oversize. Now you can see this world of small fresh and salt water life from your own armchair secondhandedly as you pore through this book whose chapters deal with microscopic plant, animal and protist life in a drop of water, with life of pond, river, and seashore, and of the oceans' surface, upper waters and depths. Be- cause of the superb color photography you can see these creatures far more readily and beautifully displayed than you could by means of your own hunting. This book may also provide an interesting way to get "uniden- tifieds" named by means of their portraits (as figs. 136, 137, 138) which will surely be seen and studied by many amateur and research scientists alike. "SUPPLEMENT TO PALMS OF THE WORLD" by Arthur C. Langlois, xiv & 252 pp, 26 b/w illus., University Presses of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32603. [1976] 1977. $25.00. "Palms of the World" was published with 00 illustrations and text for 10 genera in 1959 and authored by James C. McCurrach whose intention to prepare this supplement was circumvented by his terminal illness. The Langlois couple have been raising palms in Nassau and studying them for over 40 years. Arthur Langlois set off to Madagascar in 1962 and to the South Pacific in 1966 to photograph these lesser known palms for this supple- ment and by then also took over the preparation of the text. Since it is difficult to visualize palms from herbarium sheets, these specimen and habitat photographs, often taken in rain or cloud forests in distant and hardly accessible places, are a great boon to both the palm botanist and the palm enthus- iast. Dr. Moore, of the Bailey Hortorium, has been followed in modernizing he nomenclature. One hundred and one genera, with one or more species in each, are presented with scientific names, authorities, sources, name derivations, habitats, de- scriptions, and often interesting collecting and growing notes. This useful supplement adds to the recognized value of "Palms of the World" and shares reciprocally and deservedly in its importance. 2 PHYTOLOGIA Designed to expedite botanical publication ~ Vol. 38 December 1977 No. 2 CONTENTS CROAT, T. B., Notes on Sapindaceae IJ—New species of Paullinia from RE otis 5 Tn) oe ance LOR Sok Be tn eka ig Is Selec a HTS ST. JOHN, H., Revision of the genus Pittosporum in Hawaii. Hawaiian ST ATS Se RRR rn ID ey Sy aks SMR ea 75 KING, R. M., & ROBINSON, 'H., Studies in the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae). CLXVI. A new genus Scherya and 1G ACTUODADDUS |: fii ah ete x Coe OR aw ee 99 LING, R. M., & ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae). CLXVII. Four new species of Bartlettina .... 106 MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the Eriocaulaceae. LXXIX... 118 SMITH, L. B., & READ, R. W., Notes on Bromeliaceae, XXXIX ..... £35 ROBINSON, H., The identity of Eupatorium fuertesii (Asteraceae) SAS A A aa ARIES Sea GES a I Coe 149 WARD), D. B., Keys to the flora of Florida—5, Dioscoreaceae ....... i pe Seeman. BOOK reviews... 2. 6... eww we eee wee 155 Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 303 Parkside Road Plainfield, New Jersey 07060 US.A. Price of this number $2; per volume $9.75 in advance or $10.50 after close of the volume; 75 cents extra to all foreign addresses; 512 pages constitute a volume; claims for numbers lost in the mails must be made immediately after receipt of the next following number. adr NOTES ON SAPINDACEAE II - NEW SPECIES OF PAULLINIA FROM PERU Thomas B, Croat” Paullinia brentberlinei sp. novo TYPE: Peru; Dept. of Amazonas; Quebrada Huampami, 10 km from its mouth at the Rio Cenepa; altitude 700 ft.; along riverbank, Nov. 23, 1972. Brent Berlin 336 (Holotype: MO 2331964; Isotypes US,USM; Paratypes Quebrada Huampami, forest along margin of stream, Kayap 189 (MO,USM); Quebrada Huampami, Rio Cenepa, orest, Kayap 818 (F,MO,NY)) Scandens, fruticosa, tomentosa; rami teres, leviter trisulcati; corpus lignosum simplex; folia 5-foliolato-pinnata; foliola elliptica vel ovato-elliptica, acuminata, basi acuta vel obtusa vel rotundata, 9.5-17 cm longa, 5.3-8 cm lata, remota- serrata, supra glabra, subtus tomentosa; thyrsi solitarii, axillares, 15-30 cm longi; pedicelli 4 mm longi; flores albi; sepala rotundata; petala obovata; squamae 5 mm longae, 3 mm latae, crista superior bilobata; capsulae 6.5-9.5 cm longae, 4-5 cm latae, stipitatae; testae 2, 2 cm longae. Stout liana; densely short reddish-brown, granular-tomentose on most younger parts (the trichomes completely obscuring the surface); stems subterete, to 1 cm diam on fruiting specimens, the periderm shiny when cleared of pubescence; younger stems shallowly 3-sulcate; wood simple. Leaves pinnately S-foliolate, 24-30 cm long; petioles subterete, 5-11 cm long; rachises 2.5-3.5 cm long; petioles and rachises narrowly canaliculate, densely tomentose like the stems; petiolules 4-10 mm long, narrowly canaliculate, densely tomentose; leaflets elliptic to ovate-elliptic, acuminate at apex, broadly acute to obtuse or rounded at base, 9.5- 17 cm long, 5.3-8 cm wide, glabrous or nearly so on upper surface except in vicinity of midrib and proximal parts of lateral veins, densely granular-tomentose on lower surface, the trichomes sometimes individually distinct, mostly like a dense layer of sand obscuring the surface; midrib sunken above with a slender medial rib, prominently raised beneath; major lateral veins raised on both sides, the tertiary veins raised on lower surface, almost straight, extending between the major lateral veins; margins entire except glandular-serrulate near apex. Inflorescences axillary, Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 73 7h PHY TO LO°G fA Vol. 38, no. 2 solitary, the thyrses in a slender raceme 15-30 cm long; rachis weakly several-sulcate on dried specimens, densely tomentose; flowers white, ca 1 cm long; pedicels ca 4 mm long, articulate in the lower third; sepals + orbicular, concave, ca 3 mm long; petals obovoid, ca 7 mm long and 4 mm wide, rounded at apex, glabrous, somewhat thickened medially near the base, the scales 5 mm long, 3 mm wide, glabrous outside, sparsely villous on inner surface except near apex, the crest bilobed, ca 1.5 mm long, the lobes narrowly obovoid, flattened, the deflexed appendage ca 2.5 mm long and 1.2 mm wide, densely villous throughout; anterior disk glands triangular, glabrous on outer surface, puberulent to villous on inner surface, ca 1.3 mm long; staminate flowers with filaments to 9 mm long, flattened, villous in lower half; pistillode minute; bisexual flowers with stamens to 5 mm long, villous throughout, the anthers ellipsoid, ca 0.9 mm long and 0.6 mm wide, the pollen white; ovary ca 1 mm long, 3-sided, densely villous; stigmas sessile. Fruits yellowish-red, ovoid-ellipsoid to oblanceolate- ellipsoid, stipitate, 6.5-9.5 cm long, 4-5 cm wide, acute to acuminate at apex, attenuate at base with a stipe ca 1.7 cm long, ca 5 mm wide, glabrous at maturity, splitting regularly into 3 parts, the valves woody, ca 1 em thick, breaking free at apex of stipe; seeds 2, ca 2.5 cm long, + ellipsoid, shiny, dark reddish-brown (at least when dry); aril white, covering most of the sides to distal 4/5 of seed, the margins thin, weakly lacerate on drying. The species develops flower buds as early as November and flowers in January. Mature fruits have been collected in late May though it is doubtful that the fruits resulted from a January flowering since immature fruits have also been collected in November and January. According to Brent Berlin (personal communication), the white sap is used for treatment of mouth sores by the Aguaruna Indians in Peru. Paullinia brentberlinei is named for its collector, anthropologist Brent Berlin. It is known only from the Department of Amazonas in Peru. The species does not appear to be closely related to any other Paullinia, It can be distinguished by its densely tomentose parts and fruits which are the largest of any known species of Paullinia. REVISION OF THE GENUS PITTOSPORUM IN HAWAII Hawaiian Plant Studies 64 Harold St. John B. P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96818, USA. Introduction Pittosporum is a noticeable element in the Hawaiian flora, and it occurs from the edge of the sea beach to the wet, boggy summits of some of the major mountains. It has been collected and studied by most of ,the Hawaiian botanists, and it eoegenerally considred a "difficult genus." It is agreed that the best diagnostic characters aeomen the fruit. Dr. Earl E. Sherff in 1942 published a revision of the local, endemic species, and he recognized 23 species and 37 varieties or forms. Dr. Judith E. Haas in 1977 published her doc- toral thesis on the Micronesian, part of the Melanesian, the Polynesian, and the Hawaiian spec- ies. For Hawaii she recognized 11 local species and 9 formae. She did not include a list of exsiccatae or an index. She did some field work in the Hawaiian Islands, but it long seemed to the writer that she cited none of her own collec- tions. Eventually it was noted that she cited ierenoss 1,007, and 1,008. Since these two monographic treatments of the genus are so utterly different, the writer was impelled to review the problem. He has now studied all of the Pittosporum specimens in the B. P. Bishop Museum, and it contains most of the holo- types or isotypes, and authentic specimens of all but one of the published taxa. In conclusion he recognizes 21 species, (one of them new), and 22 varieties or forms. His treatment is of a nature intermediate between those of Haas and of Sherff, but it is closer to that of Sherff. As in many large genera, there is here also one One species group that is variable, and difficult to classify. It centers around P. glabrum H. & A. Sherff recognized 4 infraspecific taxa under P. glabrum, and 8 other species and varieties. Haas unites them all as P. glabrum. As now revised, the writer recognizes P. glabrum, with 4 infra- specific taxa, and 3 other species. These have been defined and keyed. It seems better to recognize 15 76 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 2 these plant units in nature, than to dump them all into one mass. Sherff discussed the origin of certain D. Doug- las collections from the Sandwich Islands, (1942: 492), following the opinion of Mann who said that when Douglas reached the islands, "he immediately went to Hawaii, where he collected until the 12th of May, when he met a violent death. . ." In discussing P. terminalioides, Sherff wrote, (1942: 516), "Since Douglas collected exclusively upon the island of Hawaii, so far as his Hawaiian Island collections were concerned, .. ." It is agreed that Douglas doubtless collected P. terminalioides on Hawaii, but he also made collections on Oahu and on Kauai. This fact is documented by his numerous specimens in the British Museum of Natural History, and by his own publication concerning Clermontia and Scaevola (1843: 251-172). Key to Hawaiian Pittosporum 1. Capsules 6-7 mm long, smooth, glabrous; seeds 2-8; petals mostly 7 mm long. cultivated, established. Pp. winidithlosamns i Noe so, 2. Capsules normally 3-valved, 3. Capsules about 10 mm long; ovary downy; seeds many; petals white; blades 5-10 cm long, thick coriaceous, obovate, often emarginate, glabrous when mature. Cue. Pi. Tob erat 3. Capsules 1-3 cm long; ovary tomentose; petals red to purple; blades 3-8 cm long, coriaceous, obovate to oblanceolate, obtuse to acute, below densely appressed tomentose, the margins thickend and re- volute. cult. P. crassifolium. Zo) NOES SO, 4. Calyx tubular, later 2-lipped, 5-lobed, 8-9 mm long; inflorescence terminal; capsules 10 mm long, subglobose; mature leaves glabrous, oblanceolate. cult., establ. P. undulatum. 1977 St. John, Pittosporum in Hawaii 4. Sepals mostly separate, 5. Sepals 1.1-3 mm long, coherent at base, glab- rous; petals white; capsules 5-10 mm long, subglobose to obovoid, slightly rugose. Cuiuee ePeeschombss-odanam: 5. Sepals longer; capsules larger, 6. Blades below silvery strigose, 7. Capsules nearly smooth, tomentose, 8. Capsules 2 cm long; leaf pubescence persistent below. e. Maui. P. argentifolium. 8. Capsules 1.2-1.5 cm long; blades glabrate. Kauai. P. napaliense. 7. Capsules rugose, 2.3 cm long, subglabrate. e. Maui. P. argentifolium, var. Rockii. 6. Blades not so, see Part 2. Part 2 9. Capsules smooth, 10. Capsules glabrous, 11. Plant glabrous. 12. Capsules 3.5-4.5 cm long, the exocarp 3-9 mm. thick. Hawaii. P. Hosmeri, var. Saint-Johnii. 12. Capsules 1.5-3.5 cm long, the exocarp less than 1 mm thick. Oahu. P. glabrum, var. glabrum. 11. Blades pubescent below, 13. Blades strigose or setose below, 14. Blades sparsely appressed setose below; blades acuminate; capsule apex retuse. Hawaii. P. amplectens. 14. Blades below pale strigose, mostly in flakes, acute; capsule apex acute. Oahu. P. flocculosum. 13. Blades tomentose below. See Part 3 Part. 3 15. Capsules 2.8-7.5 cm long, the exocarp 3-6 mm thick, 16. Sepals 4 mm long; blades 3-6 cm wide; capsules 4-7.5 cm long. Hawaii. P. Hosmeri, var. Hosmeri. 16. Sepals 5-6 mm long; blades 5-9 cm wide; capsules 2.8-5 cm long. Hawaii. P. Hosmeri, var. longifolium. 78 Pay Pf Op dred A Vol. 38, no. 2 15. Capsules 1.5-2.7 cm long, the exocarp less than 1 mm thick, 17. Blades yellowish hairy. Oahu. P. glabrum, var. spathulatum, f. hypoleium. 17. Blades white hairy. Molokai. P. glabrum, var. spathulatum, f. subcandidum. 10. Capsules tomentulose, 18. Inflorescence tomentulose. Hawaii. P. Monae. 18. Inflorescence pilose, 19. Hairs of pedicels multicellular and spread- ing. Oahu. P. glabrum, var. intermedium. 19. Hairs of pedicels unicellular, subappressed. Oahu. P. glabrum, var. spathulatum. 9. Capsules rugose, see Part 4. Part 4. 20. Capsules tomentose, 21. Blades glabrous below, 22. Peduncle and inflorescence axis early glabrate. Kauai. P. acuminatum, var. leptopodum. 22. Peduncle and inflorescence axis hispid or tomentose, 23. Sepals subulate to broadly lanceolate, 24. Blades 4-6 cm wide, at first appressed hispid on the veins. Kauai. P. acuminatum, var. magnifolium. 24. Blades 2-4.5 cm wide, glabrous. Kauai. P. acuminatum, var. acuminatum. 23. Sepals widely ovate, obtuse, 25. Peduncles with many bracts 5-9 mm long. Kauai. P. acuminatum, var. Degeneri. 25. Peduncles with 1-2 bracts 3-5 mm long, 26. Petioles 1-3.5 cm long, 27. Blades 2.5-4 cm wide, narrowly oblanceo- late, coriaceous, subulate-tipped. Hawaii. P. Monae. 27. Blades 4-6.5 cm wide, elliptic, chartac— eous; bracts narrowly subulate. Kauai. P. acuminatum, var. waimeaanum. 26. Petioles 5-8 mm long. Kauai. P. Gayanum, var. waialeanum. 21. Blades pubescent below, 28. Blades below appressed white (or brown) strigose, the hairs becoming united into sheets. 1977 St. John, Pittosporum in Hawaii 79 29. Capsules 1.5-3.4 cm long. Oahu. P. flocculosum. 29. Capsules 1.1-1.5 cm long. Kauai. P. kauaiense. 28. Blades tomentose below, see Part 5. Part 5 30. Capsules 1.5-2 cm long; blades below white setose. Molokai. P. Forbesii. S08) Not ‘so’, 31. Capsules 3-3.4 cm long; blades acute. Hawaii. P. hawaiiense. si NOt SO, 32. Blades early glabrate. Kauai. P. Gayanum, var. Skottsbergii. 32 Blades tomentose below, 33. Blades strongly rugose, and below soft loose brown tomentose. Kauai. P. Gayanum. 33. Not so, 34. Blades finally glabrate. Hawaii. Pp. terminalioides. 34. Blades tomentose below. see Part 6. Part 6 35. Inflorescences usually lateral, 36. Blades mostly 12-23 cm long. Oahu. P. cladanthum, var. cladanthum. 36. Blades mostly 6-14 cm long, 37. Blade veins below thickened, salient; seeds 6-7.5 mm long. Oahu. P. cladanthum, var. Skottsbergii. 37. Blade veins below thin; seeds 5-6 mm long; Lanai. _P. cladanthum, var. gracilipes. 35. Inflorescences terminal, 38. Peduncle plus pedicel 1-3 cm long. Maui, Hawaii. P. confertiflorum, var. confertiflorum. 38. Peduncle plus pedicel 2-7 cm long. Maui. Preconftenrtathlonum, £. Longipes. 20. Capsules glabrous or nearly so or glabrate. see Part 7. Pate 39. Blades pubescent below, 40.Capsule 1.5-2 cm long; blades 5-8 cm long. Molokai. P. Forbesii. 40. Capsules 1.5-3.2 cm long; blades 8-36 cm long, 41. Capsules 32 mm long; blades 15-36 cm long. Hawaii. P. hawaiiense. 41.Capsules 15-30 mm long. blades 8-20 cm long, BO PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 2 42. Capsules pubescent in the furrows of the valves. Oahu, Molokai, Lanai, Hawaii. P. sulcatum, var. Remyi. 42. Capsules glabrous or nearly so, 43. Blades 8-12 cm long, 2-4.3 cm wide. Oahu. P. dolosum. 43. Blades 12-20 cm long, 3-5 cm wide. Oahu. P. dolosum, var. agquiionium. 39. Blades glabrous below. see part 8. Part 8 44. Blades obtuse, 45. Capsules 35 mm long; blades 4-8 X 1.2-2.5 cm. Oahu. P. kahananum. 45. Capsules 15-30 mm long; blades 3-15 X 1.5-6 cm. Oahu, Molokai. P. sulcatum. 44. Blades acute to subacuminate, 46. Blades 9-19 X 5-7 cm; capsules 20-26 mm long. Molokai. P. insigne, var. Hillebrandii. 46. Not so, 47. Capsules 17-28 mm long; blades 5-12 X 2-4.5 cm. Maui. P. insigne, var. insigne. 47. Not so; capsules 15-20 mm long, 48. Blades 2-3.5 cm wide, 5-10 cm long. Kauai. P. Gayanum, var. waialealae. 48. Blades 4-8.5 cm wide, 5.5-15 cm long. Kauai. P. kauaiense. Taxa of which the fruit is unknown 1. Blades glabrous; sepals 2.5-3.5 mm long, ovate. Kauai. P. acuminatum, var. Degeneri. 1. Blades pubescent below, 2. Young leaves appressed setose below, and some hairs persistent; blades narrowly oblanceolate, obtuse; sepals 4.5-5 mm long, linear lanceolate. Oahu. P. acutisepalum. 2. Leaves densely tomentose below, 3. Pedicels 2-3 mm long; blades 3.5-6.5 X 2-3.5 cm, cuneate obovate. Molokai. P. halophilum. 3. Pedicels 13-30 mm long; blades 9-17 X 3.5-6.5 cm, elliptic, acute and cuneate. Maui. P. confertiflorum, var. longipes. 1977 St. John, Pittosporum in Hawaii 81 Enumeration of Pittosporum taxa acuminatum Mann, var. acuminatum, Am. Acad. Arts Soman Proc. 7s 525 18675 Rock, Indig. ‘Trees Haw. meloo., L913) Shertt, Pield Mus. Nat. Hiist., Bot. Ser. 22: 481, 1942; Degener & Degener, Fl. Haw. feet /18/63, fig.; Haas; Allertonia 1:°115, purse 2B, 12, 1977. P. Helleri Sherff, Am. Journ. Bot. 28: 23, 1941; Field Mus., Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 486, 1942; Haas, Allertonia 1: 116, 1977. Holotype: Kauai, Waimea, Heller 2,783 (GH). Holotype: Kauai, mountains above Waimea, 3,000 ft alt., 1864-5, H. Mann & W. T. Brigham 603 (GH). Distribution: Kauai. var. Degeneri Sherff, Am. Journ. Bot. 28: 20, 1941; Degener & Degener, Fl. Haw. 156: 1/18/63; Haas, Allertonia 1: 115, 1977 who reduces it to the species. Holotype: Kauai, Kalualea, Koloa, open sunny pidge, Dec. 31, 1939, O. Degener & Ee Ordonez DA617 EF) 2 Distribution: eastern and southern Kauai. var. leptopodum Sherff, Am. Journ. Bot. 28: 20, ug4is Erellad Mus,Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22’: 485, 1942; Degener & Degener, Fl. Haw. 156: 1/18/63; Haas, Allertonia 1: 115, 1977 who reduces it to the species. Holotype: Kauai, Waimea, 1,000 m alt., U. Faurie mee(P). Distribution: s. w. Kauai. var. magnifolium Sherff, Am. Journ. Bot. 28: 20, 1941; Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 486, 1942; Degener & Degener, Fl. Haw: 156, 1/18/63Jiaas, Allertonia 1: 116, 1977 who reduces it to the species. Holotype: Kauai, Kalihiwai, 1915, J. M. Lyd- gate (BISH). Distribution: n. and e. Kauai. var. waimeanum Sherff, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 429, 1941; 486, 1942; Degener & 82 PRY TyO.0)G 78 Vol. 38, no. 2 Degener, Fl. Haw. 156: 1/18/63; Haas, Allertonia 1: 116, 1977 who reduces it to the species. Holotype: Kauai, Waimea, 1,000 m alt., March 1910, U. Faurie 3 (P). Distribution: w. Kauai, known only from the type. acutisepalum (Hbd.) Sherff, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 409, 1941; 499, 1942; Haas, Allertonia 1: 125 who reduces it to P. glabrum H. & A. P. glomeratum Hbd., var. acutisepala Hbd., Fl. Hawes. 25, LSSsic Holotype: Oahu, Palolo to Niu, W. Hillebrand (B), now destroyed. Distribution: Oahu, Koolau Range, leeward side, from Nuuanu to Niu. amplectens Sherff, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 407, 1941; 501, 1942; Haas, Allertonia 1: 102, 1977 who makes it a synonym of P. hawaiiense Hbd. Holotype: Hawaii I., Kohala Mts., on the slopes and in the crater of a small extinct volcano, w. Of Honokanenui, June 20, 1910, J. F. Rock 8,384 (BISH). Distribution: Hawaii I., Kohala Mts., and South Kona. Discussion: Haas (p. 103) says P. amplectens is "known only from collections bearing immature fruit, ..- =." Sherfft (p. 501) and,.thesweteer both observe that the specimens have mature fruit and seeds. argentifolium Sherff, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 424, 1941; 535, 1942; Haas, Allertonia 1: 123, 1977 who reduces it to P. insigne Hbd., var. Fosbergii Sherff, f. pertinax Deg. & Sherff ex Sherff. P. argentifolium Sherff, var. sessile Sherf£, Field Mus. Nat. Hist, Bot. Ser. 22: 426, 1941; 537, 1942 P. insigne Hbd., var. Fosbergii Sherff, Field. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 413, 1941; 549, 1942; Haas, Allertonia 1: 121, 1977 who re- duces it to_P. insigne Hbd. 1977 St. John, Pittosporum in Hawaii 83 P. Hawaiiense Hbd., var. argenteum Hbd., Fl. Haw. Is. 27, 1888. Sherff (p. 536) was puzzled on noting that Hillebrand in describing his var. argenteum did not cite the number 304 for its type. Sherf£ evidently did not know that Hillebrand did not use collection numbers, so the specimens in his herbarium were unnum- bered. The duplicates that he sent to Kew were numbered, but these were serial numbers of that single shipment of specimens, and were not collection numbers. Holotype: Maui, Mt. Haleakala, W. Hillebrand 304 (K). Distribution: east Maui. Var. Rockii Sherff, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 427, 1941; 536, 1942; Haas, Allertonia 1: 123, 1977 who makes it a synonym of P. insigne Hbd., var. Fosbergii Sherff, £. pertinax Deg. & Sherff in Sherff. cladanthum Sherff, Am. Journ. Bot. 28: 21, 1941; BeotldyMus. Nat. Hist. , i Bots. Ser. 22)3525), 1942; Haas, Allertonia, 1: 139, 1977 who makes it a synonym of P. cauliflorum Mann, feeCaulact Lorumi. ViclGeeEevitim Hod .), PI... Haw. Es. 255 1888s" Shentt, Am. Journ. Bot. 28: 22, 1941; Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 525, 1942; Haas, Aller- tonia 1: 139, 1977 who makes it a synonym of P. cauliflorum Mann. Holotype: Oahu, Koolau Range, Malaekahana Trail, hae. sain-forest, Jully 29) 1935" pDegenex:, Park, Potter, Bush & Topping 10,986 (F). Distribution: Oahu, northern Koolau Range, and northern Waianae Mts. Var. gracilipes Sherff, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot Ser. 22: 427, 1941; 529, 1942; Haas, Allertonia 1: 139, 1977 makes it a synonym of P. cauliflorum Mann. Holotype: Lanai, edge of Mauanlei and down Mahana, Sept., 1917, C._N. Forbes 380.L (BISH). Distribution: Lanai. Only the type is known. 8h PHY TOL 0 Gis Vol. 38, no. 2 var. Skottsbergii nom. nov. P. cauliflorum Mann, var. > Hbd., Fl. Haw. Is. 25, 1888, var. illegit,sine nomine- P. cauliflorum Mann, var. reticulatum Skottsb., Gdteb. Bot. Gard., Meddel. 10: 109, 1936, nom. illegit, sine descr. Lat.; Sherff, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser.” 225) 530y geo. Haas,’ Alvertonia 1: 1395° 19772 P. cladanthum Sherff, var. reticulatum (Skottsb.) Sherf£s; Am. Journ. Bot. -28), 235 94m. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot. Sen e22. 530, 1942; Skottsberg, Gdteb. Bot. Trddg., Meddel. 15: 372, 1944; Haas, Allertonia 1: 139, £977, nom. illegit, ~sine” diagne eat. Diagnosis Holotypi: Foliis 8-15 cm longis 2.5-6 cm latis obtusis vel subacuminatis infra badi-tomentosis; capsulis 2-2.5 cm longis rugosis tomentosis, seminibus 7-9 mm longis. Leaves 8-15 cm long, 2.5-6 cm broad, obtuse or subacuminate, brown tomentose below; capsules 2-2.5 cm long, rugose, tomentose; seeds 7-9 mm long. Holotypus: Oahu, Mt. Kaala, W. Hillebrand (B). The names previously in use for this plantare illegitimate, the var. Hbd. for lack of a varietal epithet; and the var. reticulatum Skottsb. for lack of a Latin diagnosis; and the var. reticulatum (Skottsb.) Sherff, being the transfer of a nontransferable epithet. The present treatment continues the concept, but provides a legitimate epithet. Distribution: Oahu, Waianae Mts. and Koolau Range. confertiflorum Gray, forma confertiflorum, U. S. Expl): Expeds, Bot. 155° 232, pl. 19) steoa. Rock., Indig. Trees Haw. Is. 171, pl. 64, 1913: Sherff, Field Mus., Nat: Hist... Botessen. 22: 553, 19423 Haas, Allertonia 13 UJsiyeeuge ESB eos. var. Mannii Sherff£, Am. Journ. Bot. 28: 24, 1945 Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22 Siaqmuvae. 1977 St. John, Pittosporum in Hawaii Haas, Allertonia 1: 132, 1977. var. microphyllum Sherff, Am. Journ. Bot. 28: 25, 1941; Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 225 559), 1942: Haas, Aldertonia 1: 232, 1977: var. typicum Sherff, Brittonia 6: 334, 1948. P. halophiloides Sherff, Am. Journ. Bot. 28: 18, 1941; Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 225559), 1942 P. cauliflorum Mann, Am. Acad. Arts Sci., Proc. wo 54) 1867s Rock, Indig. Trees’, Haw: Is. 159, 1913; Sherff, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 520, 1942; Haas, Allertonia 1: SOR eLgs. 2C,.D,, SE, L977: Holotype: Maui, base of Crater of Haleakala, Wilkes Expedition, about 1840, (US). Distribution: Oahu, Maui, Lanai, and Hawaii. Discussion: P. cauliflorum Mann is here made a synonym of P. confertiflorum Gray. The two species have foliage, flowers, and fruit which are considered identical. P. cauli- florum has axillary or cauline inflorescenes. P. confertiflorum often has them terminal, but not infrequently has them axillary. There is no constant difference here, merely a tendency, and this is not deemed a worthy basis of taxonomic separation. Hence, P. cauliflorum is reduced to the synonymy OLebeaconrenrt1 florum- forma longipes (Sherff) Haas, Allertonia 1: ES 5ST P. confertiflorum Gray, var. longipes Sherff, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 225 MA2Z SOA SOR Loar P. cauliflorum Mann, var. pedicellatum Sherer. Am.) COULN- BOte iZes 20, 9410: Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: Seu, 1942< Holotype: west Maui, ridges behind Lahaina, May 1910, C. N. Forbes 28M. (BISH). Discussion: Since the only diagnostic character of this plant is the longer pedicels, this is deemed of minor value, and the taxon forma is appropriate for ity. 85 86 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 2 Distribution: West Maui, and Oahu. crassifolium Soland. ex Putterl., Syn. Pittosp. 12, 2839; Allan, ed. L.. Bi. Moore, Bill Ne ieee 314, 1961; Neal, In Gardens of Hawaii, rev. ed. 384, 1965. dolosum Sherff, var. dolosum, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Sex. 22: A421, 19415, 51.5 o4cr Haas, Allertonia 1: 125, 1977, who makes it a synonym of P. glabrum H. & A. var. typicum Sherff, Brittonia 6: 333, 1946. Holotype: Oahu, Koolau Range, Punaluu Mts., Dec. 24, 1908, J. F. Rock 418 (GH). Distribution: Oahu, northern part of Koolau Range. var. aquilonium Sherff, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser... 223.422, 19415 512...1942;3) Haass Allertonia 1: 125, 1977 who makes ita synonym of P. glabrum H. & A. Holotype: Oahu, South Opaeula Ridge, Paalaa, Sept. 25, 1935, A. Suehiro (BISH). Distribution: Oahu, northern leeward Koolau Range. flocculosum (Hbd.) Sherff, Am. Journ. Bot. 28: 23, 945. Ficld Mus, Nat. Hist... Bobby iscme. 22:3 533), V942.. P. cauliflorum Mann, var. flocculosum Hbd., Fl. Haw. Is. 25, 1888. P. cauliflorum Mann, f. flocculosum (Hbd.) Haas, Allertonia 1: 141, figs. 5F,.15¢,D,. 19770 Holotype: Oahu, Waianae Mts., Kaala, W. Hille- brand (B). Distribution: Oahu, Waianae Mts., rare in the Koolau Range, and reported on Kauai. Forbesii Sherff, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 423, 1941; 513, 1942; Haas, Allertonia 1: 110, 1977 who makes it a synonym of P. terminalioides Planch. ex Gray. Holotype: Molokai, slopes of Puu Kolekole, July 1912, Cc. N. Forbes 122.Mo. (BISH). Distribution: Molokai, Puu Kolekole, known only from the type collection. 1977 St. John, Pittosporum in Hawaii 87 Gayanum Rock, var. Gayanum, Indig. Trees Haw. Is. 166, pl. 61, 1913; Degener & Degener, Fl. Haw. 156: 8/8/60, fig.; Sherff, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. BOte Serer 22s SSih, ga 2). var. typicum Sherff,Brittonia 6: 333, 1948. forma Gayanum Haas, Allertonia 1: 135, figs. AASB, JOB, l46,De 9777. Holotype: Kauai, on the high plateau of Kauai, Gect.01911;, J. F. Rock 8,867 (BISH) . Distribution: Kauai, common in upper wet forests, and in the borders of Alakai Swamp. var. Skottsbergii Sherff, Bishop Mus., Occas. Papers 20(1): 3, fig. 1, 1944; Degener & Degener, Fl. Haw. 156: 8/8/60; Haas, Allertonia 1: 136, 1977 who reduces it to a forma Gayanum. Holotype: Kauai, Power Line Trail, above second house, Hanalei Valley, March 9, 1948, Fagerlind & Skottsberg 6,532 (GOTH). Distribution: Kauai, known only from the type locality. var. waialealae Rock, Indig. Trees Haw. Is. 166, TOV Shere. veld Mus.) Nat. Hust... Bot. Ser. 22: 533, 1942; Degener & Degener, Fl. Haw. 156: 8/8/60. P. Gayanum Rock, f. waialealae (Rock) Haas, Miblerconvals ss) Lsil, Lige U5A, 1977. “The wetcer agres with Rock and with Sherff that this denzen of the high summit bog deserves a varietal status. Holotype: Kauai, at the very summit of Waialealae, in the open bog, 5,200 ft. alt., Oct. 20, 1911, J. F. Rock 8.866 (BISH)- Distribution: Kauai, summit of Waialeale. glabrum H. & A., var. glabrum, Bot. Beechey Voy. HO pe Los2; scherf£i; Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot- Ser. 22: 487, 1942; Degener & Degener, Fl. Haw. 156: 4/26/57, fig.; Haas, in part, Allertonia Meares fags. SB 4A SD> 9773 Var. typicum Sherff, Brittonia 6: 333, 1948. P. terminalioides Planch. ex Gray, var. glabrum (H. & A.) H. & A. ex Wawra, Flora 56: 168, HSV Sana ip. 56 Vin neprintk. PHYITOLOGIA Vol. 38, P. Fauriei BévR ws Fedde Repert. 10: 121, 19113 Haas, Allertonia 1: 124, 1977. Holotype: Oahu, 1826-27, Capt. Beechey Voyage, Lay & Collie (K). Distribution: Oahu, occasional in Waianae Mts. abundant in Koolau Range. Discussion: Miss Haas (1977: 129-130) said, "Pittosporum glabrum, as presently inter- preted, is a taxon remarkably variable in almost every aspect of its morphology. It has been impossible in the course of the no, 2 present research to resolve this variation into discrete infraspecific taxa. . . As might be expected, it is necessary to recognize a large number of synonyms of Pittosporum glabrum." On reexamination of the specimens here combined into one species, the writer find many distinguishable units therein. He finds he can classify them as separate species and varieties, and that his classification is close to that of Sherff, and utterly differ- ent from that of Haas. var. intermedium Sherff, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 410, 1941; Degener & Degener, Fl. Haw. 156: 4/26/57; Sherff, Field Mus. Nat pHeste.e FOE. Sern (2264975 Lose Holotype: Oahu, Waianae Range, Palehua, April 24, 1911, Ca NasForbes: lA676R08 (BISH) . Distribution: Oahu, south end of Waianae Mts. var. spathulatum (Mann) Sherff, forma spathulatum, Am. Journ. Bot. 28: 25, 1941; Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 494, 1942; Degener & Degener, Fl. Haw. 156, 4/26/57; Haas, Allertonia 1: 124, 1977 who reduces it to P. glabrum. P. spathulatum Mann, Am. Acad. Arts Sci., Proc. 7: 151, 1867; Haas, Allertonia ae ee eae Bs i a P. terminalioides Planch. ex Gray, var. spathulatum Gray ex Wawra, Flora 56: 169), 1873, andijpe So sinerepeintr. 1977 St. John, Pittosporum in Hawaii 89 P. glomeratum Hbd., Fl. Haw. Is. 23, 1888. P. glabrum H. & A., var. glomeratum (Hbd.) Sherfe, Eiedd Mus. Nats Hist.) Bot. Ser. 22: 4110, 1941; 497, 1942: Haas, Allertonia 1: 124, 1977, who reduces Wie elo) 125 eplevoabil elo (3 7:%c P. insigne Hbd., var._micranthum Sherff, Bield Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot: Ser. 22: 415, 1941; 548, 1942; Haas, Allertonia 247, O77 who seduces mut sto P. glabrum H. & A. Holotype: Oahu, Kaala Mountins, May 1864- 5, H. Mann & W. T. Brigham 602 (GH). Distribution: Oahu, Koolau Range and Waianae Mts. forma hypoleium Deg. & Sherff ex Sherff, BieldsMus. Nat aentSt-1, sBOte Sen. 922) 411, 1941; 496, 1942; Degener & Deg= ener, Fl. Haw. 156: 4/26/57 who reduc- esi t (to Pa glabrum 7H. ( A- Holotype: Oahu, rige n. e. of Nuuanu Pali, exposed ridge in tapestry forest, Nov. 20, 1926, O. Degener .&.H. Ochiae 10,988a (F), Distribution: Oahu, Nuuanu Pali, only the type collection. forma subcandidum Sherff, Field Mus. Nat. Hast... Bot. Ser. 22; 411, 1941; 496, 1942; Degener & Degener, Fl. Haw. 156: 4/26/57; Haas, Allertonia 1: 124, 1977 who reduces it to P. glabrum H. & A. Holotype: Molokai, Manawai-Kahananui Ridge, edge of moist forest, 600 m alt., Dec. 24, 1936, F. R. Fosberg 13,402 (F). Distribution: Molokai, only the type known. halophilum Rock (as halophylum), College of Hawaii, Pabt.eBall..1s16,;\ pls IV, /1911;. Shexrf££; .Am: Journ Bot. 28: 18, 1941 where the meaning- less epithet was corrected to halophilun, just as an isotype (BISH) was originally labeled. Sherff, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. 90 Pu? TO Bo tlre Vol. 38, no. Sersv222 5231, 1942": P. terminalioides Planch. ex Gray, f. halophilum (Rock) Haas, Allertonia 1: 111-112, figs. 5€.D,. E977. a Holotype: Molokai, between Kalawp and Waikolu, beach on windward side, within the spray of the sea, March 26, 1910, J. F. Rock & Nevin 6,183 (BISH). Distribution: Molokai, shore of Kalaupapa penin- sula, known only from the type. Discussion: Sherff was justified in correcting the specific epithet. Haas reduces P. halo- philum to a forma under P. terminalioides, a species known from Hawaii, Maui, and Lanai. The only collection determined by Haas as this species is Forbes 121.Mo., from Puu Kolekole. This is a topotype of, and we now redetermine it as P. Forbesii Sherff. The holotype of P. halophilum Sherff shows good herbage and flowers, but no fruit. Haas considers it, "clearly referable at “the specific level to P. terminalioides." The present investigator finds the leaves and habit quite different from that spcies. Until the fruit has been discovered, a final classification is not possible. No benefit is gained by making it a forma of a different looking species which does not grow on the same island. It seems better to leave it as a species, just as Rock made it, but temporarily to treat it as a species dubia. hawaiiense Hbd., Fl. Haw. Is. 26, 1888; Rock, Indig. ‘Trées Haw: Is., "169, pl. 63,5 “Lora, Sherff, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 564, 19425 Haas, Allertonia I: 100; Balke (patsiDr « AuSs)7i If P. hawaiiense Hbd. ex Drake, Ill. Fl. Ins. Mar. Pacifs LlOpe sor P. hawaiiense Hbd., var. argenteum Hbd., Fl. Haw. Is. 27, 1888. Holotype: Hawaii, in forests of Kona, W. Hille- brand (B). Distribution: Hawaii, Kohala, Kona, and Kau. 1977 St. John, Pittosporum in Hawaii 91 Hosmeri Rock, var. Hosmeri, Torrey Bot. Club, Bu esi s) 2O/ee lcm 1 a elONOle Hawaaess Bo. Bgric.. For; Div.! For.,.Rept..' 84, pi._20, 19113; Indig. Trees Haw. Is. 16), 1913; Sherff, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 560, 1942; Haas, Allertonia 1: 103, figs. 3E,F, 6A, 9A-C, 1977. var. typicum Sherff, Brittonia 6: 334, 1948. forma hosmeri, Haas, Allertonia 1: 106, 1977. Holotype: Hawaii, North Kona, slope of Mt. Hualalai, on lava fields of Puuwaawaa, BROOO £t ait. June, 17,1909, Jd. F. Rock 3,957 (BISH) . Distribution: Hawaii, Hawaii, dryland forests in North Kona. var. longifolium Rock (as longifolia, but cor- rected on p. 518 in the errata), Indig. Trees How. Is. 163, pl. 58-60, 1913; Shexrtft, Field Mas.) Nat. Hist.,. Bot.. Ser. 22: 562, 1942; Haas, Allertonia 1: 106, 1977 who reduces iemtOntehe. Species. Lectotype: Hawaii, South Kona, Kapua, Jan. 28, 1912, J. F. Rock 10,023 (BISH) ,chosen by Haas, Allertonia 1: 106, 1977. Distribution: Hawaii, North Kona, South Kona, and Kau Districts. var. Saint-Johnii Sherff, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Hot. Sen. 22: 413,. 19415 564, 1942. P. Hosmeri, £. saint-johnii (Sherff) Haas, Midexrtconta iss) Od Omi Holotype: Hawaii, Puu Hualalai, Puuwaawaa, miOOO £t alt., Dec. 30, 1931, H. St. John et al. 11,442 (BISH). Distribution: Hawaii, only the type collection on Hualalai. Discussion: This is a shyub with glabrous or subglabrous foliage, and larger seeds than the species. It was well classed as a variety, and nothing is gained by making dite ia, LOrmay. insigne Hbd., var. insigne, Fl. Haw. Is. 25, 1888; 92 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 2 Rock, Indig. Trees Haw. Is. 169, pl. 62, 1913; Sherff, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 543, 1942; Haas, Allertonia 1: LIGs figs 13A,6, 1977: P. insigne, var. Lydgatei Sherff, Am. Journ. Bot. 28: 19, 1941; Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 546, 1942; Haas, Allertonia es 2 el OM i var. typicum Sherff, Brittonia 6: 333, 1948. Holotype: West Maui, 4,000-6,000 ft alt., W. Hillebrand (B). Distribution: East and West Maui. var. Hillebrandii (Lévl.) Sherff, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 415, 19413 546,32 22. Haas, Allertonia 1: 121, 1977 who reduces it to the species. P. Hillebrandii Lévl., Fedde Repert. 10: til, abe)ababe Pe glabrum Hs & A., var. LiniftoldlumyShemarr Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser 22; 412, 1941; 498, 1942; Haas, Allertonia 1: ied ALSVI Fc Holotype: Molokai, Pukoo, May 1910, U. Faurie Ls (Ps Distribution: Eastern Molokai. var. pelekunuanum Sherff, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22; 416, 1941; 551, 19425" Haase Allertonia 13 122, 1977 whe reduces) ae yto the species. Holotype: Molokai, Pelekunu Valley. Distribution: Molokai, Pelekunu, only the type known. kahananum Sherff, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 417, 1941; 519, 1942; Haas, Allertonia 1: 124, 1977, who reduces it to P. glabrum H. & A. Holotype: Oahu, Waikane-Schofield Trail, Kahana, near the divide, 2,400 ft alt., Jan. 19, 1930; BH: St. Johnvl0j1 52) (81S). Distribution: Oahu, Koolau Range, known only from the type locality, Kahana. 1977 St. John, Pittosporum in Hawaii 93 kauaiense Hbd., Fl. Haw. Is. 25, 1888; Rock, inaige “—rees Haw. Ls) 172) oss Sheste, BLclad Mus, Nat. Hist .)3) (Bot. Ser. 22.538), L942); Haas, Allertonia 1: 142, 1977. vaee typicum Sherff, Brittonia 6: 333, 1948. var. phaeocarpum Sherff, Am. Journ. Bot. 28: 19, 294a5 Field Mus; Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 540, 1942; Haas, Allertonia 1: 142, UOT 7: Vac. cepens Sherff, Am. Journ. Bot. 283 19, Loz rvelad Musi; Nat. Hists, Bot. Ser. 22)5 541, 1942; Haas, Allertonia 1: 142, 1977. Holotype: Kauai, mountains of Waimea, Knudsen (B). Distribution: Kauai, woods on the mountains. Pittosporum Monae Rock ex St. John, sp. nov. P. terminalioides Planch. ex Gray, forma glabrum Haas, Allertonia 1: 112, 1977. Diagnosis Holotypi: Arbor 5 m alta est, ramis adscendentibus, novellis cum pilis arach- noideis pallide badiis, laminis 12-14 cm longis 2.5-4 cm latis anguste oblanceolatis coriaceis, inflorescentiis caulinaribus badi-tomentosis, bracteis cum apicibus subulatis, floribus lacti-coloratis odoratis , lobis calycis Ovatis, petalis sine nervis, antheris hastatis mucronatis, capsulis 3-4 cm longis 2-2.5 cm latis, 2 valvis rugosis tomentosis, seminibus 7 mm longis 5 mm latis late ovoideis. Diagnosis of Holotype: "Tree 15 ft tallwith ascending branches, the young shoots covered with a pale brown cobwebby pubescence; bark pale gray; leaves terminal in dense whorls,the leaves whorls extending down the branch in four tiers, the uppermost distance between the whorls 3-4 cm, the lower 2-1.5 cm; leaves glabrous on both sides, only the very young ones slightly pubescent with white hairs, spathulate-oblong, darker green above, paler beneath, 12-14 cm long, 2.5-4 cm broad, bluntly acute at the apex, decuerent at the cuneate base; petiole 2.5-3.25 cm longglabrous, only at the base slightly puberulous; inflorescence cauline; peduncle 9h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 2 fawncolored pubescent, 7 mm long, bracteate at the base, cupshaped, the bracts ending into a long subulate point, densely tomentose with dark brown hair; flowers sessile; calyx lobes ovate, acute or rounded, glabrous within, densely hairy outside; young fruits thickly tomentose, fawn-colored, crowned by the style; corolla cream colored, fragrant, the tube 10 mm long, split into 4 segments, petals not veined, ovate, glabrous, 4-5 mm long, surrounding the ovary; ovary densely hairy fawn-colored, 6 mm long, 2.5 mm wide at the base; style darker reddish brown pubescent, shorter than the tube; stamens shorter than the ovary, glabrous; anthers hastate, muc-— ronate, dark tawny; mature capsule (open on the tree) 3-4 cm long, 2-2.5 cm broad, the valves woody, oblong, with a shallow groove outside, olive green, brownish hir- sute; endocarp orange; seeds arranged in 3 rows on each placenta, dull brownish black, rugose, on orange stalks 2.5 mm long; seeds flattened, broadly ovoid, 7 mm long, 5 mm wide, 2-3 mm thick. Holotype: Hawaiian Islands, Hawaii Island, J, F. Rock 25,723, ‘on ‘the “aa” Java “Blows of Puuwaawaa, elev. 2,600 ft, in company with Alphitonia excelsa, Santalum, Myrsine, Metrosideros, and Pittosporum hosmeri. The species is related to the latter species, but differs in the smaller glabrous leaves, in the petals which are not veined, in the stamens which are shorter that the ovary, in the small capsules, and the seeds are rugose but not oily and shiny as in P. hosmeri." Discussion by the writer: This collection was gathered and described by Rock in 1957. He labeled it P. monae sp. nov., and left it with a complete 2% page description, which is here guoted, fastened to the specimen sheet. Only the Latin diagnosis has been provided by the writer. Obviously the species was named for Miss Mona Hind, owner of the Puuwaawaa Ranch on 1977 St. John, Pittosporum in Hawaii the north slope of Mt. Hualalai. Haas (1977: 112) described this plant as a forma of P. terminalioides, but made no mention of Rock's manuscript name and des- cription, saying, "While known only from flowering and fruiting specimens collected at two localities on Hawaii, this taxon is undobtedly referable at the specific level to Pittosporum terminalioides." The plant is represented by complete material, and is well documented. The writer disagrees with Haas' placement of it, and agrees with Rock that it is a species. Her epithet glabrum, if raised to the specific level would be a later homonym. napaliense Sherff, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 419, 1941; 542, 1942; Haas, Allertonia Peo igs lA sB. Orn. Holotype: Kauai, Napali Dist., Hanakapiai, Hoolulu Stream, moist woods, 500 ft alt., H. St. John & F. R. Fosberg 13,864 (BISH). Distribution: Kauai, Napali Coast, from Hanakapiai to Hanakoa. BhonptroLtum A. Cunn. ex Hook., Icon. Pl. 7: t. 621, 1944; Neal, In Gardens of Hawaii, rmev. ed., B. P. Bishop Mus., Spec. Publ. DOmese4, 1965. Holotype: Australia, Queensland, woods on banks of Brisbane River, A. Cunningham 29 (K). Distribution:Australia, Queensland and New South Wales. In Hawaii as a cultivated ornamental. Sulcatum Sherff, var. sulcatum, Am. Journ. Bot. Zo.026, 19415 Fielid Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 502, 1942; Haas, Allertonia 1: 124, 1977 who reduced it to P. glabrum Ho & A. Velwiyorcum Sherff, Brittonia 6: 333, 1948. P. sulcatum Sherff, var. Rumicifolium Sherff, Heid Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 420, 1941; 510, 1942; Haas, Allertonia 1: 125, IMS)T/T/E 95 96 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 2 Holotype: Oahu, Koolau Mts., in windy and rainy area at top of ridge, Waikane-Schofield Trail, Waianaeuka, Oct. 16, 1932, N. Tsuji (BISH). Distribution: Common on Oahu, also on Molokai. var. Remyi Sherff, Am. Journ. Bot. 28: 28, 1941; 507, 1942; Haas, Allertonia 1: 124, 1977who Teduced it to Pal glabrum Hoe A. P. spathulatum sensu Rock, as to pl. 56, Indig. Trees Haw. Is. 1913. P. sulcatum Sherff, var. Rumicifolium Sherff, forma tomentellum Sherff, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22:5 510, 1942 Haase Allertonia 1: 124, 1977 who reduced it to P. glabrum H. & A. Hototype: Oahu U85l-1855, Via cRemy Sv 2einepase (P). Distribution: Common on Oahu, also on Molokai, and Lanai. terminalioides Planch ex Gray, U. S. Explor. Exp., Exped., Wilkes, Bot. 231, 1854; Rock, Indig. Tuces Haw. Is 1595 pills Sv, SOs. Shera Ereld Mus. Nat. Hist., Bots Ser. 225 oma, 1942; Haas, Allertonia 1: 110, figs. 5C, MOAN Col tas P. terminalioidesPlanch. ex Gray, var. lanaiense Sherff, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 429, 1941; 518, 1942; Haas, Allertonia 1: AYO) UC Te P. terminalioides Planch. ex Gray, var. macro- Carpum Sherff, Am. Journ. Bot. 28: 28, 19415 Bieta Mus. Nato Hist. BOt. Ser. 22cm olen 1OAZ.. Haas ALVertoniadis alone oie P. terminalioides Planch. ex Gray, var. macropus Skottsb., Gdéteb. Bot. Trddg., Meddel. 10: 109, 1936; Sherff, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. ; Bot. (Ser. 22): Sil7, 19425) Hades Alvertoniia hs sEVOR W977. P. terminalioides Planch. ex Gray, var. mauiense Sherf£ft, Am. Journ. Bot. 283 28, L94ls Bema Mus. "Nat. Hist. Bot. (Ser. 22; SiS, Loa2. Haas; Alvertonia’ Ws Lio05; V97 7. Lectotype: Hawaii, Mouna (=Mauna) Loa, 7,000 ft. alt., U. S. Explor. (Wilkes). Expedvaige. 1977 St. John, Pittosporum in Hawaii designated by Haas, Allertonia 1: 110, 1977. Distribution: Hawaii, North, andSouth Kona, and Kau Districts, Maui, and Lanai. Discussion: This binomial was published as P. terminalioides Planch. in Herb. Hook., by Gray, and Sherff (p. 514) prints the authority just the same way. Haas (p. 110) lists it as P. terminalioides Gray, and said "it seems that Planchon's name should be entirely omitted from the suthorship of P. terminalioides." On the contrary, the publishing author, Gray, atributed the species to Planchon, and no one can contra- dict his assertion. The species should be listed as P. terminalioides Planch. ex Gray. Sherff during the latter part of his life capitalized specific epithets derived from generic names, but modified and expanded by suffixes. He considered this to be required be required by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Actually, such action is not required by the Code, and is not included in the examples. Sherff did this consistently, but to the writer's knowledge, no other botanist has agreed with Sherff's interpretation and followed him in capital- izing sucn epithets as Terminalioides. tamer (Thunb.) Ait. £., Hort. Kew., ed. 2, 2% 27, U8l1; Gowda, Journ. Arn. Arb. 32: 309), 1951; Neal, In Gardens of Hawaii, rev. ed., B. P. Bishop Mus., Spec. Publ. 50: 384, 1965; Haas, Allertonia 1: 166, 1977. Evonymus Tobira Thunb., Reg. Soc. Sci. Upsala, Noval Acta 3); 19) 2085 17805) EL. Japon... 99), 1784. Cultivated ornamental, native to Japan, Korea, and China. undulatum Vent., Descr. Pl. Nouv. Jard. Cels., pl. 76, 1802; Degener, Fl. Haw. 156: 5/5/37; Sherff, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 552, 1942; Cooper, Mo. Bot. Gard., Ann. 43: 170, 1956; Neal, In Gardens of Hawaii, B. P. 97 98 PobY T Ord 0:62 iA Vol. 38, no. Bishop Mus., Spec. Publ. 50: 384, 1965. A cultivated ornamental which has spread and become established on Hawaii and Lanai. It is native in Australia from Queensland to ViCtorial- viridiflorum Sims, Bot. Mag. 41: pl. 1,684, 1814; Neal, In Gardens of Hawaii, B. P. Bishop Mus., Spec..Publ. 50: 384, 1965; Haas, Alver= EOnta Use tGo new ori Cultivated ornamental, native to tropical Africa. Discussion Sherff discussed the origin of certain D. Douglas collections from the Sandwich Islands, (1942: 492), following the opinion of Mann who said that when Douglas reached the islands, "he immediately went to Hawaii, where he collected until the 12th of May, when he met a violent death. . ." In discussing P. terminalioides Sherff wrote, (1942: 516), "Since Douglas collected exclusively upon the island of Hawaii, so far as his Hawaiian Island collections were concerned. . ." It is agreed that Douglas doubtless collected P. termin- alioides on Hawaii, but he also made plant collec- tions on Oahu and on Kauai. This fact is documented by his numerous specimens in the British Museum of Natural History, and by his own publication concerning Clermontia and Scaevola (1843: 251- 272): Literature Cited Haas, Judith E. 1977. The Pacific Species of Pittosporum Banks ex Gaertn. (Pittosporaceae) . Allertonia: 4(2)i:. 73=167;\ Eigse. 1520. Nuttall, Thomas, 1843. Description and Notices of new or rare plants in the natural Orders Lobel- iaceae, Campanulaceae, Vaccinieae, Ericaceae, collected in a Journey over the Continent of North America, and during a visit to the Sand- wich islands. Am. Phil. (Soce.e Trancisiek ere 251-272. Sherff, Earl Edward, 1942. Revision of the Haw- ian members of the genus Pittosporum Banks. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 467-566. STUDIES IN THE EUPATORIEAE (ASTERACEAE). CLXVI. A NEW GENUS SCHERYA AND ADDITIONS TO ACRITOPAPPUS. R. M. King and H. Robinson Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560 The tribe Eupatorieae is richly represented in eastern Brazil in and around the state of Bahia, and many endemic genera and species occur in the area. The inadequate plant collecting in the past had left many taxa still to be discovered and had hindered the recognition of proper concepts for taxa that were known. Continuing accumulation of material has brought a group of three species to our attention that have defective Pappus and which would have fallen within the classical concept of Ageratum. Because the three species were from Bahia, because they all had paleae, and because all lacked the conical receptacle of Ageratum there was some inclination to relate them in an alternative genus concept. More detailed analysis shows that there are two comparatively unrelated elements involved, one related to Ageratum and the other to Acritopappus. The newspecimens and the resulting new data allow a correc- tion of previous concepts of Acritopappus and confirm the more isolated phyletic position =: the latter. The original description of Acritopappus (King & Robinson, 1972) emphasized among the various characters the glabrous leaves. This character now proves to be erroneous. Not only do the additions to the genus have glands or even hairs on the leaves but the original species also are glanduliferous. The glands in the latter species seem ephemeral and the only obvious trace in mature leaves is the released viscous sub- stance on the surface. The present concept of Acritopappus is broadened, but additional differences can now be cited which indicate that Ageratum is not a close relative. Initially it should be asserted that the glands of the leaves of Acritopappus are raised from the surface and are not Bue sunken tyne characteristic of Ageratum. Plants of Acritopappus are decidedly shrubby while Ageratum contains mostly herbs and subshrubs. The leaves are pinnately veined and prominulous to prom- inent in a fine reticulum on at least the lower surface. The leaves of Ageratum are trinervate. Acritopappus has a broadly corymbose or subcymoseinflorescence while Ageratum is strongly cymose. Involucral bracts of 99 100 Pre, YO L OvGr Tak Vol. 38, no. 2 Acritopappus are blunt with well-developed scarious margins while bracts in Ageratum are strongly pointed and narrowly if at all scarious. The receptacles in Acritopappus are flat but those of Ageratum conical. Af i inal difference seems to be in chromosome number. Acritopappus has been counted three times (all by Coleman) twice in the type species A.longifolius , and once in the distinctive A. micropappus (reported as Ageratum in King et al, 1976). AIl these counts show n= 9. Ageratum has counts of n = 10, 15 and 20. The reduced number in Acritopappus is apparently fixed in the group and is of interest as a separate independent reduction paralleling the n = 9 found in many Brickellia relatives. Acritopappus shows consistency in a few other characters such as the paleaceous receptacles, the glabrous achenes, and the contorted carpopodia with a sinuous trace. The pappus is absent or consists only of a few short points or setae. The other undescribed element from Bahia is named here as the genus Scherya. The specimen was encounter- ed among undetermined Calea specimens in a survey of Brazilian members of that genus. The Ageratum relation- ship seems to be fixed by the herbaceous habit and the strongly cymose inflorescence. The lack of a conical receptacle alone provides distinction from Ageratum, but a number of other characters are also available. The strap-shaped leaves of Scherya with subparallel non prominulous venation are apparently unique in the tribe. The glands are not sunken into the surface. The involucral bracts are terminated by an expanded subglabrous appendage and there is a dense cluster of glands externally at the base of the appendage. The pappus is unusual in the degree of fusion at the base, being essentially tubular with five Laciniate lobes of irregular lengths. As a result of the study, the following new comb- ination and new species of Acritopappus and the follow- ing new genus Scherya are necessary. Acritopappus micropappus (Baker)R.M.King & H.Rob- inson, comb. nov. Ageratum micropappum Baker, Mart. Fl. Bras.:6(2):2198.,) 1870. Braz. Acritopappus harleyi R.M.King & H.Robinson, sp. nov. Plantae frutescentes usque ad 4 m altae. Caules hexagonales vel subteretes glabri, internodis 1.5-6.0 cm longis. Folia opposita sessilia oblongo-ovata coriacea 5,5-8.5 cm longa et 2.8-4.0 cm lata base rotundatae margine multo serrulatae apice vix vel bre- viter acuminatae supra subglabrae subtus glanduliferae, oT King & Robinson, Studies in the Eupatorieae 101 nervis dense pinnatis, nervis secundariis et nervulis utrinque prominulis. Inflorescentiae terminales sub- scap sae late corymbosae vel subcymosae, ramis primariis oppositis base patentibus, ramis ultimis 0-3 mm longis dense puberulis. Capitula anguste campanulata ca. 6 mm alta et 2 mm lata in glomerulis latioribus dense con- gesta; squamae involucri ca. 10 subequales oblongae ca. 4 mm longae et 1 mm latae margine scariosae apice trun- catae vel retusae minute denticulatae extus sparse pub- erulae vel glabrae; receptacula pauce paleacea, paleis bracteiformibus. Flores ca. 6 in capitulo; corollae sordide roseae ca. 3.5 mm longae tubulares superne vix latiores extus sparse glanduliferae, lLobis triangu- laribus ca. 0.6 mm longis et 0.5 mm latis extus et intus sublaevibus; filamenta in parte superiore ca. 0.25 mm longa, cellulis dense annulate ornatis; thecae ca. 1.4 mm longae; appendices antherarum subquadratae ca. 0.2 mm longae et latae; appendices stylorum dense papillo- sae; achaenia 2.5-3.0 mm longa prismatica glabra; carpopodia brevia distincte contorta; pappus nullus. Grana pollinis ca. 204 in diametro. Type: BRAZIL: BAHIA: ca. 6 km N of Barra da Estiva on Ibicoara road. Grassland with low shrubs and scattered woodland. Alt. ca. 1,100 m Approx. 41° 18'wW 13° 35'S. Erect shrub to 4 m with ascending brittle stems. Leaves coriaceous, flowers dull pink. Jan. 28, 1974. R. M. Harley 15554 (Holotype US, Isotype K). EELS bahiensis R.M.King & H.Robinson, gen. et sp. nov. antae herbaceae perennes ca. 0.5 m altae pauce vel non ramosae. Caules teretes vel subhexagon- ales dense albo-hirtelli et sessiliter glanduliferi, internodis ca. 1 cm longis. Folia opposita sessilia linearia 6.0-7.5 cm longa et 0.6-0.8 cm lata trinervata margine integra apice obtuse acuta supra et subtus dense et subtiliter albo-hirtella et sessiliter gland- ulifera, nervis parallelis vel subparallelis non prom- inulis. Inflorescentiae terminales subscaposae cymosae vel subcymosae, ramis erectis plerumque alternatis, ramis ultimis ca. 2-5 mm longis dense hirtellis et glanduliferis. Capitula 5-6 mm alta et 4-5 mm lata anguste campanulata; squamae involucri ca. 20 sub- aequales plerumque ca. 5 mm longae et 1 mm latae apice in appendice truncato chartace subglabro expansae pee cate extus perdense glanduliferae extus inferne 2-4-costatae hirtellae et glanduliferae, receptacula plana vel leniter convexa paleacea, paleis lLinearibus apice in appendice chartaceo glabro expansae. Flores ca. 25 in capitulo; corollae pallidae tubulosae sensim 102 PB 2.0 4.0.6 3-8 Vol. 38, no. 2 superne anguste infundibulares ca. 3 mm longae extus glanduliferae, lobis 5 breviter triangularibus ca. 0.6 mm longis et 0.5 mm lLatis extus sublaevibus glandulifer- is intus dense papillosis; filamenta glabra; filamenta in parte superiore 0.15-0.20 mm longa; cellulis plerum- que breviter oblongis vel oblongis; parietibus valde annulate ornatis; thecae ca. 1 mm longae, cellulis endothecialibus subquadratis; appendices antherarum oblongae ca. 0.25 mm longae et 0.22 mm Latae subtrun- catae; basis stylorum glabris non nodulosi; appendices stylorum filiformes dense papillosae; achaenia prismatica 5-costata ca. 18 mm longa glabra; carpopodia breviter cylindrica in costis achaeniorum procurrentia, cellulis plerumque 30-50, longis et ca. 20p latis; pappus in corona laciniata valde 5-dentata connatus usque ad 1-2 mm longis, dentibus in apice anguste acuminatis. Grana pollinis ca. 22y in diametro. x Species typica: Scherya bahiensis R,M.King & H.Rob- inson Type: BRAZIL: Bahia: Cachoeira. without precise locality. May 29, 1944, R. W. Schery 607b (Holotype US). Something of the habitat is indicated by the in- numerable sand grains adherent to the hairs of the plant. The genus is named after the collector. Reference King, R. M. , D. W. Kyhos, A. M. Powell, Pi Haeeeven H. Robinson. 1976. Chromosome numbers in Compositae, XIII. Eupatorieae, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 63: 862-888, Acknowledgement This study was supported in part by the National Science Foundation Grant DEB77-13457 to the senior author, 1977 King & Robinson, Studies in the Eupatorieae 103 < UNITED STATES 2776950 » NATIONAL HERBARIUM Acritopappus harleyi R.M.King & H.Robinson, Holotype, United States National Herbarium. Photo by Victor E. Krantz, Staff Photographer, National Museum of Natural History. 10h PLB Y BO LiO Gis Vol. 38, no. 2 PLANTS or BRASIL STATE OF MUNICIPALITY OF BAHIA pichataths te! No, 2703461 ca RW, Benda So harry 29 vay 1944 Scherya bahiensis R.M.King & H.Robinson, Holotype, United States National Herbarium. 1977 King & Robinson, Studies in the Eupatorieae 105 Enlargements of heads. Top, Acritopappus harleyi. Bottom, Scherya bahiensis. STUDIES IN THE EUPATORIEAE (ASTERACEAE). CLXVII. FOUR NEW SPECIES OF BARTLETTINA. R. M. King and H. Robinson Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560 Floristic studies of Mexico and Central American Eupatorieae have encountered the four following new species of Bartlettina. Bartlettina williamsii R.M.King & H.Robinson, sp. nov. Plantae suffrutescentes vel subarborescentes usque ad 2 m altae pauce ramosae. Caules flavo-virides vel rubrescentes distincte hexagonales glabri. Folia opposita, petiolis 5-10 cm longis anguste alatis, alis base lLatioribus trans nodum continuis; lLaminae ovato- deltoideae 9-16 cm longae et 8-15 cm Latae base sub- truncatae in medio abrupte acuminatae margine distincte unidentatae et multo serratae apice breviter argute acuminatae fere ad basem in acumine valde trinervatae supra vix minute puberulae subtus minute glandulo- punctatae in nervis et nervulis sparse minute puberulae. Inflorescentiae terminales late dense corymbosae, ramis puberulis, ramis ultimis 2-10 mm longis. Capitula turbinata ca. 12 mm alta et 5 mm lata; squamae involucri subimbricatae ca. 25 valde inaequales orbiculares vel late oblongae 1.5-7.0 mm longae et 1.5-3.0 mm latae margine late scariosae apice rotundatae extus 4-costatae sparse appresse puberulae vel subglabrae; receptacula glabra. Flores 20-25 in capitulo; corollae albae per- anguste infundibulares ca. 7 mm longae plerumque glabrae, lobis triangularibus ca. 0.6 mm longis et 0.5 mm lLatis extus minute glanduliferis; filamenta in parte superiore tenuia 0,.8-0.9 mm longa; thecae ca. 1.8 mm longae; appendices antherarum oblongae ca. 0.20 mm longae et 0.18 mm Latae; achaenia ca. 2 mm longa minute glandul- ifera; setae pappi 45-50 plerumque 5-6 mm longae apice tenues. Grana pollinis ca. 25, in diametro minute asperula, Type: HONDURAS: Francisco Morazan: Cerro de Uyuca, in cloud forest, 1650-2000 m. March 10-20, 1951. C.V.Morton 7164 (Holotype US). Paratypes Honduras: Morazan: Drainage of the rio Yeguare, at about Longitude 87° W. and Latitude 14° N. alt. 1600 m, Williams & Molina 12075 (F), Cerro de Uyuca, about 1600 m, March 2, 1947, Standley 4871 (F). 106 1977 King & Robinson, New species of Bartlettina 107 The species has been annotated in herbaria and listed in the treatment of the Compositae of Honduras (Clewell, 1975) as Eupatorium williamsii Standl. Never- theless, we find no evidence that this name has ever been validly published. In describing the species we honor Paul Standley's apparent intent to name the species after his colleague at the Chicago Museum of Natural History, Louis O. Williams. The species is in the group most widely represent- ed by B. platyphylla (B.L.Robinson) K. & R. It is most closely related to B. hastifera (Standl. & Steyer.) K, & R. with which it shares the foliar disks on the nodes and the glanduliferous achenes, characters found in no other species of Bartlettina. The new species is most distinct from B. hastifera in the narrow but obvious wings of the petiole. In B. hastifera no such wing is present. The supra-basal trinervation of the leaf blade versus the basal trinervation in B. hastifera is a direct result of the presence of the wing. Bartlettina williamsii also seems to differ by gener- ally coarser teeth on the leaf margin and by the less long-acuminate lateral angles of the leaf. At present B. hastifera is known only from the Departments of Alta Verapaz and Baja Verapaz in Guatemala while the new species is known only from north-central Honduras. Bartlettina macdougallii R.M.King & H.Robinson, Sp. nov. Plantae frutescentes 1-2 m alta? pauce ramosae. Caules atro-virides vel rubrescentes teretes glabri. Folia opposita, petiolis brevibus 5-10 mm longis non alatis; Laminae ovato-ellipticae 6-11 em longis 3.0- 4.5 cm Latis base obtusae vel breviter acutae margine serratae apice breviter anguste acuminatae supra et subtus glabrae, nervis pinnatis. Inflorescentiae terminales Late pyramidaliter paniculatae, ramis corymbosis, ramis ultimis 3-7 mm longis glabris. Capitula late turbinata 5-6 mm alta et 4 mm Lata; squamae involucri subimbricatae ca. 25 valde inaequales ovatae vel late oblongae 1-5 mm longae et 0.7-1.2 mm latae margine anguste scariosae apice anguste vel late rotundatae extus leniter 2-4-costatae glabrae; recept- acula glabra. Flores 30-40 in capitulo; corollae albae? anguste infundibulares ca. 4 mm longae plerumque glabrae in lobis dense puberulae et glanduliferae, lobis Late triangularibus ca. 0.4 mm longis et 0.5 mm latis; filamenta in parte superiore 0.40-0.45 mm longa; thecae ca. 1 mm longae base breviter hastatae subdig- ltatae; appendices antherarum subquadratae ca. 0.2 mm longae et lLatae apice subtruncatae; appendices stylorum aliquantum lavandulae; achaenia ca. 1.5 mm longa apice 108 Pond EO Wi Ona Vol. 38, no. 2 juxta pappum pauce setifera caetera glabra; setae pappi ca. 40 plerumque 3.5-3.7 mm Longae apice non incrassatae. Grana pollinis ca. 23y, in diametro minute asperula. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca: Ixtlan, Comaltepec, Vista Hermosa, 4,500+ ft. elev. Cloud forest. Shrub. Growing in partial shade. Jan. 30-31, 1971. T. MacDougall sn (Holotype NY, Isotype US). bd Bartlettina macdougallii is the most obviously distinct of two species occurring in Oaxaca that are closely related to B. tuerckheimii(Klatt) K & R, the type species of the genus. The present species differs most obviously by the more broadly ovate-elliptical leaves with closer more projecting teeth and the less elongate apical acumination, by the broader and blunter outer involucral bracts, by the glabrous receptacle, and by the few setae on the upper part of the achene. The type species, B. tuerckheimii has more remote less prominent and narrowly mucronate-appendaged teeth and a caudate acumination on the leaves, lanceolate acute outer involucral bracts, a lobed and weakly to strongly hirsute receptacle, and completely glabrous achenes. Another possible distinction is the hastate subdigitate base on the anther thecae which differs from the samples that have been checked in B. tuerckheimii, Bartlettina cronquistii R.M.King & H.Robinson, sp. nov. Plantae frutescentes ca. 2 m altae pauce ramosae. Caules virides vel fuscescentes teretes glabri. Folia opposita, petiolis 10-25 mm longis non alatis; laminae membranaceae elliptico-lanceolatae 8-14 cm longae et 1.5-3.3 cm lLlatae base cuneatae margine remote serrulatae in dentibus non mucrono-appendiculatae apice caudo- acuminatae supra et subtus glabrae, nervis pinnatis. Inflorescentiae terminales late pyramidaliter panicul- atae, ramis corymbosis, ramis ultimis 4-10 mm longis glabris. Capitula turbinata 7-8 mm alta et ca. 3 mm lata; squamae involucri subimbricatae ca. 22 valde inaequales 1.5-6.0 mm longae 0.5-1.0 mm Latae margine anguste scariosae apice obtusae vel breviter acutae extus leniter 2-4-costatae glabrae; receptacula glabra. Flores 20 in capitulo; corollae albae anguste infundi- bulares 4.5-5.0 mm longae plerumque glabrae in lLobis dense puberulae et glanduliferae, lobis late triangular- ibus ca. 0.3 mm longis et 0.5 mm lLatis; filamenta in parte superiore 0,25-0.30 mm longa; thecae ca. 1.5 mm longae base subcordatae non digitatae; appendices antherarum ovatae ca, 0.2 mm lLongae et 0.17 mm lLatae 1977 King & Robinson, New species of Bartlettina 109 apice obtusae; appendices stylorum albae; achaenia 2.3- 2.5 mm longa superne plerumque in costis setifera; setae pappi ca. 30-37 plerumque 4.0-4.5 mm longae apice non incrassatae. Grana pollinis ca. 23, in diametro minute asperula. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca: In mixed pine and decidous subtropical forest, on the Pacific slope of the Sierra Madre del Sur, not far below the summit, in granitic region, 49 miles north of Puerto Escondido. Elevation Bpeut O,100 ft. Erect shrub about 2 m. tall. Flowers white. "Leaves glossy. November 8, 1965. Arthur Cronguist and Mario Sousa 10514 (Holotype US). The new species is closely related to B. tuerck- heimii and has a similar caudate-acuminate leaf. The differences are too numerous, however, io recard the two as conspecific. Both B. cronquistii and the pre- ceeding species, B. macdou gallii, differ from B. tuerck- heimii by the lack of mucronate extensions on the teeth of the leaf, by the unlobed glabrous ridges of the receptacle, and by the setiferous achenes. The present species differs further by the fewer flowers per head, by the completely white flowers, and by the more ovate anther appendage. Differences from B. mac- dougallii include leaf shape, shape of the involucral bracts, flower number, bases of the anther thecae, shape of the anther appendage, and the greater number of setae on the achene. The larger size of the flower parts seems significant also though only one collection of each species is available for comparison. Both B. cronquistii and B. macdougallii are from the state of Oaxaca separated from the known range of B. tuerckheimii by the isthmus of Tehuantepec. The Tatter species ranges from Chiapas through Guatemala to Honduras. Bartlettina chiriquensis R.M.King & H.Robinson, sp. nov. Plantae frutescentes multo ramosae, ramis declinatis 3 m longis. Caules tenues fuscescentes subhexagonales minute puberuli. Folia opposita, pet- iolis 10-20 mm longis non alatis; laminae lanceolatae 4.0-7.5 cm longae et 1.2-1.7 cm latae base anguste cuneatae margine subremote in dentibus breviter mucron- ato-appendiculatae apice anguste argute acuminatae supra et subtus sparse minute puberulae, nervis pin- natis, nervis secundariis paucis utrinque 3 sensim ascendentibus. Inflorescentiae diffusae in ramis ter- minales paucicapitatae; ramis ultimis 7-15 mm longis minute puberulis. Capitula late turbinata ca. 8 mm 110 P Hey 'TOrhiOnGerek Vol. 38, no. 2 longa et 6-7 mm Lata; squamae involucri subimbricatae ca. 40 valde inaequales oblongae vel late oblongae 1.5- 6.0 mm longae et plerumque 1.0-1.5 mm Latae margine anguste subscariosae fimbriatae apice plerumque obtusae vel rotundatae dense fimbriatae extus 4-costatae, bract- eae interiores in parte distincta terminali dense tomentosae; receptacula non lobata sparse hirsuta. Flores 20-25 in capitulo; corollae pallide Lavandulae infundibulares 4.5 mm longae in tubis et faucis pleru- mque glabrae, lobis late triangularibus ca. 0.5 mm longis et 0.6-0.7 mm Latis extus sparse hirsutis, pilis et cellulis pilorum elongatis; filamenta in parte sup- eriore ca. 0.4 mm longa; thecae 1.3 mm lLongae base sub- cordatae non digitatae; appendices antherarum obLlongo- ovatae ca. 0.3 mm longae et 0.2 mm Latae apice rotund- atae. Achaenia ca. 2.3 mm longa glabra; setae pappi ca, 30 plerumque 4.5-5.0 mm lLongae apice distincte latiores et validius scabrae. Grana pollinis ca. 23, in diametro minute asperula. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui: Cerro Horqueta. Cool humid Cord. de Talamanca above Boquete (8° 49'N, 82° 29 W). Low cloud forest. January 2, 1975. Cochrane Cochrane & Kowal 6288 (Holotype WIS, Isotype US). Bartlettina chiriquensis has some resemblance to B. tuerckheimii because of the lanceolate leaves but differs by numerous characters that suggest a more remote relationship. The species differs from all others in Central America by the diffuse inflorescence with few heads at the ends of leafy branches. The slender declining more branching habit is also rather distinctive. The species is also further distinguished from B. tuerckheimii in particular by the less caudate- acuminate minutely puberulous leaf with fewer more ascending secondary veins, by the broader blunter involucral bracts with more distinctly tomentose tips, by the Lack of lobes on the ridges on the receptacle, by the lack of glands on the corolla lobes, and by the more ovate anther appendages. In the immature achenes the ribs do not seem as continuous with the carpopodium at the base which might indicate a closer relationship to B. pinabetensis (B.L.Robinson) K & R of Guatemala and Chiapas, Mexico. The latter can be distinguished readily by the broadly corymbose inflorescence as well as the glabrous involucre, the fewer flowered heads, the glabrous corolla lobes and the slender tips of the Ppappus setae, Two Central American species have been collected that are partially to grossly immature, E. montigenum 1977 King & Robinson, New species of Bartlettina pala s from Guatemala and E. silvicola from Costa Rica. In addition to their immaturity the specimens of both species share densely hirtellous stems and leaves, rather elongate petioles, about 8-10 flowers per head and glanduliferous achenes. The longer petioles suggest relation to Bartlettina. The flower number in the two species is lower than generally found in the Hebeclinium group but it is seen in B. pinabetensis. Glanduliferous achenes are also rare in Bartlettina but are seen in B. hastifera and B. williamsiil. The two species seem best placed in Bartlettina though they apparently represent a distinctive element in that genus. Bartlettina mentigena (Standl. & Steyerm,) R.M. King & H. Robinson, comb. nov. Eupatorium montigenum Standi. & Steyerm., Field Mus. Bot. 23:258. 1947. Bartlettina silvicola (B.L.Robinson) R.M.King & H.Robinson, comb. nov. Eupatorium silvicola B.L.Robin- son, Proc. Amer. Acad. 31:254. L904G, Type material of the previously unrecognized Jaumea tenuifolia Klatt of Mexico has been borrowed through the kindness of the Botanical Museum of Copen- hagen. The name should be placed in synonymy as follows: Bartlettina karwinskiana (DC) R.M.King & H.Robinson Jaumea tenuifolia Klatt, Leopoldina 23(9-10): 146. 1887. Liebmann 202 (Holotype & Isotype C) Neurolaena tenuifolia Schultz-Bip. ex Klatt, Leopoldina 23(9-10):146. 1887. nom. nud. Reference Clewell, A. F. 1975. Las Compuestas de Honduras. Ceiba 19(2):117-244, Acknowledgement This study was supported in part by the National Science Foundation Grant DEB77-13457 to the senior author. We thank the New York Botanical Garden through the kindness of Dr. Patricia K. Holmgren for the gift to the U. S. National Herbarium of the isotype specimen of Bartlettina macdougallii. a2 PHY TOLOGiI-E Vol. 38, no. 2 Bartlettina williamsii R.M.King & H.Robinson, Holotype, United States National Herbarium. Photo by Victor E. Krantz, Staff Photographer, National Museum of Natural History. 1977 King & Robinson, New species of Bartlettina nal} HERBARIUM OF RK BOTANICAL GARDEN THE NEW ¥ ANTS O ecreD BY Bartlettina macdougallii R.M.King & H.Robinson, Holotype, New York Botanical Garden. 114 BP oHay, PORE IOtG Ria Vol. 38, no. 2 wy HERBARIUM OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Plants of MEXICO Eupatorium tuerkheimii Klatt OAXACA: In mixed pine and deciduous subtropica forest, on the Pacific slope of Whe Sierra Madre del Sur, not far telow the summit, in granitic region, L9 miles north of Puerto Escondido. Elevation about 6100 feet, Erect shrub about 2m, tall. Flowers white. Aer Leaves glossy. 2586443 Arthur -Vronguist and Mario Sousa 105Lu November 6, 196° Bartlettina cronquistii R.M.King & H.Robinson, Holotype, United States National Herbarium. LOTT King & Robinson, New species of Bartlettina 115 ry ae * i w Kea " PANAMA Bartlettina chiriquensis R.M.King & H.Robinson, Holotype, University of Wisconsin. 116 PHY TO LiOeGebs Vol. 38, no. 2 Enlargements of heads. Top, Bartlettina williamsii. Bottom, B. macdougallii. 1977 King & Robinson, New species of Bartlettina 117 ee Enlargements of heads. Top, Bartlettina cronquistii. Bottom, B. chiriquensis. ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE ERIOCAULACEAE. LXXIX Harold N. Moldenke SYNGONANTHUS ULEI var. GOYAZENSIS Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 38: 50. 1977. Citations: BRAZIL: Goids: Irwin, Harley, & Smith 3266 in part (N--isotype, Z—-type). SYNGONANTHUS UMBELLATUS (Lam.) Ruhl. in Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 488. 1900. Synonymy: Eriocaulon umbellatum Lam., Encycl. Méth. Bot. 3: 277. 1739 [not E. umbellatum Bong., 1831, nor Humb., 1826, nor Humb. & Bonpl., 1817, nor H.B.K., 1817, nor Humb. & Kunth, 1852, nor Kunth, 1841 & 1852]. Eriocavlon umbellatum Lam. apud Willd. in L., Sp. Pl., ed. h, 1: 487. 1797. Paepalanthus umbellatus Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 537. 181. Dupatya umbellata (Lam.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 746. 1891. Paepalantuhs umbellatus Huber, Bol. Mus. Para. 2: 99, sphalm. 1898. Dupatya umbellata Kuntze apud Ruhl. in Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 487, in syn. 1900. Syngonanthus umbellatus Ruhl. apud Thiselt.—Dyer, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 2: 180. 1904. Paepalanthus umbillatus Kunth ex Moldenke, Résumé 328, in syn. 1959. Bibliography: Lam., Encycl. Méth. Bot. 3: 277. 1789; Lam., Tabl. Encycl. Méth. Bot. [Illustr.] 1: 21, pl. 50, fig. h. 1791; Henckel, Nom. Bot. 68. 1797; Willd. in L., Sp. Pl., ed. h, 1: 1,87. 1797; Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 111. 1805; Willd. in L., Sp. Pl. ed. h, he: 487. 1805; Pers., Sp. Pl. 1: 28). 1817; Roem. & Schult. inlL., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 nov., 2: 867-868. 1817; Steud., Nom. Bot. Phan., ed. 1, 313. 1821; Poir. in Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat. 2h: 240-211. 1822; Spreng. in L., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 776. 1826; Bong., Ess. Monog. Erioc. 33. 1831; Bong., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersb., ser. 6, 1: 633. 18313; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 586. 180; Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 537, 578, 61h, & 625. 18h]; Klotzsch in Schomb., Vers. Fauna & Fl. Brit.-Guian. [Reise Brit.- Guian. 3:] 106) & 1116. 188; D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 263. 1852; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 275 & 334. 1855; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 45--lh6, 505, & 507. 1863; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 746. 1891; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 1: 879 (1893) and imp. 1, 2: 02. 1894; Huber, Bol. Mus. Para. 2: 499. 1898; Ruhl. in Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: )87--88. 1900; N. E. Br., Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot., ser. 2, 6: 72. 1901; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 1, 145. 1902; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (-30): 26, 261--263, 284, 287, 292, & 293. 1903; Thiselt.—Dyer, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 2: 180. 190); Britton & Br., Illustr. Fl., ed. 2, imp. 1, 1: 455. 19133 Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 420. 1928; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 3: 91. 1930; Herzog in Fedde, 118 LOTT Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 119 Repert. Spec. Nov. 29: 212. 1931; Britton & Br., Illustr. Fl., ed. 2, imp. 2, 1: 55. 1936; J. F. Macbr., Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ. Bot. 13 (363): 492. 19363; Moldenke, N. Am. Fl. 19: 45. 1937; Uittien & Heyn in Pulle, Fl. Surin. 1 [Meded. Konink. Ver. Ind. Inst. 30, Afd. Handelsmus. 11]: 220-222. 1938; Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 59 (2): 20. 1939; Moldenke, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 522: 14h. 190; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 2, 15. 1915 Britton & Br., Illustr. Fl., ed. 2, imp. 3, ls 455. 1943; Castell. in Descole, Gen. & Sp. Pl. Argent. 3: [91] & 104. 1945; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 2, 1: 879 (1946) and imp. 2, 2: 02. 1963; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 1: 132. 1946; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 5--7, 19, 30, 31, 1, 50, 55, & 60. 19463 Britton & Br., Illustr. Fl., ed. 2, im. 1:55. 1917; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 352 & 381 (1917) and 2: h03 & 499. 1948; Moldenke in Maguire & al., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 75: 203. 1948; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 2: 352, 460, & 610 (1948), 3: 701, 702, 7h, 892, 905, 945, & 975 (199), and hs: 1076, 1079, & 1219. 1949; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 61, 65, 67, 68, 93, 95, & 214. 19495; Moldenke, Phytologia : 332-- 333. 1953; Moldenke in Steyerm., Fieldiana Bot. 28: 82). 1957; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 3, 145. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé 57, 69, 7h, 76—78, 109, 112, 282, 293, 328, 352, & 93. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 5, 7, & 23. 19593 Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 3, 1: 879 (1960) and imp. 3, 2: 02. 1960; K. Jones, Taxon 9: 187. 1960; Van Donselaar, Wen- tia 1): 70. 1965; Huinink, Wentia 17: 1)0——11. 1966; J. A. Stey- erm., Act. Bot. Venez. 1: 217. 1966; Kramer & Van Donselaar, Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijksuniv. Utrecht 309: opp. 500, 502, & 509, tab. 1 & 2. 1968; Van Donselaar, Meded. Bot. Mus. Rijksuniv. Utrecht 306: 02. 1968; Lindeman & Gorts—-van Rijk in Pulle & Lan- jouw, Fl. Surin. 1: 33h. 1968; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 18: 12. 1969; Tomlinson in C. R. Metcalfe, Anat. Monocot. 3: 19. 1969; Britton & Br., Illustr. Fl., ed. 2, imp. 5, 1: 55. 1970; Molden- ke, Phytologia 20: 80. 1970; Teunissen & Wildschut, Verh. Konink. Nederl. Akad. Wet. Natuurk. 59 (2): 23, 36, 6, & table 1. 1970; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 52 (2): BA S.IC. S.231 (1971) and 52 (3): BASIC. S.228. 1971; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 52: 71ll & 1316. 1971; Moldenke, Excerpt. Bot. A.18: 5. 1971; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 103, 120, 128, 131, 133, 13, 176, 180, & 86 (1971) and 2: 515, 518, 592, 593, 638, & 965. 1971; Teunissen & Wildschut, Meded. Bot. Mus. Utr. 31: 23, 36, 6, & table 1. 1971; Angely, Fl, Anal. & Fitogeogr. Est. S. Paulo, ed. 1, 6: 1161, 1163, & 116), map 1785, & Ind. 28. 1972; Rouleau, Taxon Index Vols. 1— 20 part 1: 139. 1972; Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 461 (197k), 29: 77 & 318 (197), and 31: 383 & 0S. 1975; Moldenke & Sm. in Reitz, Fl. Ilus. Catar. I Erioc.: 100. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 35: Eee, & 307 (1977), 36: 35, 42, 7, & 75 (1977), 373 81, 88, 89, & 258 (1977), and 38: 48. 1977. i Illustrations: Lan., Tabl. Encycl. Méth. Bot. 1: pl. 50, fig. bode. This is the type species of the genus and appears to have a 1206 PtH PO G:05G EA Vol. 38, nose most remarkable disjunct distribution in northern South America and the Dominican Republic. Its occurrence on the island of Hispaniola was originally based on a Meyerhoff collection in the Berlin herbarium which was cited by Ruhland from Hispaniola in 1900 and 1903 with a question ["Hab. in Hispaniola (an re vera ex hac insule, anne e Guiana?)" and "ob nicht vielmehr aus Guiana?"], but has since also been collected there by Ekman and distributed by him as "Eriocaulon n. sp.! Recent collectors describe S. umbellatus as seen by them in the field as a small herb, 15--l0 cm. tall, the leaves tufted ina basal rosette, the peduncles 5—6 cm. long, the inflorescence cap- itate, grayish or grayish-white to silvery-white, the bracts white, and the flowers white. They have found it growing in damp, wet, or periodically wet white sand on campos, in low wet places, in open and "southern wet savannas", in coarse sand of disturbed white-sand savannas, in wet ground along streams, at the base of Mauritia palms, and in white sand of open xeromorphic scrub. In Guyana Cowan refers to it as "locally frequent" in moist open savannas, Mori and his associates found it "very common", while Goodland encountered it in "Muri scrub grassland with scattered trees, the dominants being Curatella, Byrsonima, Trachypogon, and Fimbristylis". In Surinam Went found it in the Xyrido-Paspaletum association, Teunissen & Wildschut (1970) found it growing with Panicum froesii, and Irwin and his associates describe it as "lo= cally abundant in drier areas of savannas", while my wife and I found it to be extremely abundant and widespread on the Zandery Savanna. Kramer & Van Donselaar (1968) assert that S. umbellatus, along with Drosera capillaris and Utricularia fimbriata, in northern Surinam characterizes the alliance Syngonantho-Xyridion while in southern Surinam and in French Guiana it occurs in other ecologic alliances of the order Paspaletalia pulchelli on open savannas. They refer to it as "Not rare" there. Other collectors in Surinam refer to it as "common in moist sand along railroad tracks" and "frequent on grass savannas". On Marajo island Swal— len encountered it "on sandy ground in low open forest, edge of wet campo", while in Amap4, Brazil, Murga Pires describes it as "common in wet sandy savannas", It has been collected at alti- tudes of 1825 meters, flowering from March to January, and in fruit from September to November. Common names reported for this species are "joncinelle 4 ombelle", "5-t4", "fio'-ré", and "savanna gras". The Eriocaulon umbellatum of Bongard, referred to in the syn= onymy above, is actually a synonym of S. helminthorrhizus (Mart.) Ruhl., while the homonym accredited to Humboldt, to Humbolct & Bonpland, to H.B.K., to Humboldt & Kunth, and to Kunth belongs in the synonymy of S. humboldtii (Kunth) Ruhl. The Angely (1972) work cited in the bibliosraphy above is sometimes cited as pub- lished in "1970" (the title-page date), but did not actually get published until 1972. Angely regards S. umbellatus as endemic to Brazil, but it is known also from Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae may Surinam, French Guiana, and the Dominican Republic. Kunth (18)1) asks "An planta brasiliana vera eadem ac Lamarckiana?" In his unpublished Flora of British Guiana Gleason describes S. umbellatus as "Basal leaves very numerous, cespitose, linear, 3--5 cm. long, thinly pubescent; umbels ree on terete stalks 5--15 cm. long; subtending leaves 1--3 cm. long, narrowly linear, pubescent; peduncles very numerous, unequal, 5—-15 cm. long; sheaths hirsute, 12--25 mm. long; heads subglobose, 5--8 mm. wide, whitish; bracts "lanceolate, acuminate, finely ciliate". He cites Abraham 137, Alston 9 & 382, Appun 953, De la Cruz 013, Hitch- cock 1696, Jenman 1013, 2253, & 3703, Loyed | 35, Qu Quelch | & MeCon- nell 129, and Schomburgk 216 and gives its distribution as "Open sandy ground, common....(Guianas to southern Brazil) ." Silveira (1928) cites Huber )3 from Marajo Island, collected in 1899. Uittien & Heyn (1938) cite from Surinam: Boldingh 3911, B. W. 5206 & 5562, Essed s.n., Focke 101, Hostmann & Kappler 592a, Kegel 627 627 & inj, Kuyper 27a, Lanjouw 30 & 375, Pfeiffer SMe, Pulle 29, Splitgerber 698, a and Wullschlagel 76l. Ruhland (1903) cites from Hispaniola Meyerhoff Son. (with a ~ question), from French Guiana Aublet s.n. and Martin s.n., n., from Surinam Hostmann & Kap- pler 592, 592a, & & 592b, Kegel 227 & 171, Splitgerber s.n., Wull- schlagel s.n., and | “Wischl" Sone Bae meant to be Wullschld- gel!], from Guyana Schomburgk 216, and from Brazil Glaziou 12251 & 12252, Guedes 602, and Spruce 2531. He notes that "Var. brachy- phylla Huber.....a type non differt". Material of S. umbellatus has been misidentified and distrib- uted in some herbaria as S. oblongus (Korn.) Ruhl. On the other hand, the Prance & Silva 5871, distributed as typical S. umbel- latus, actually is the type collection of var. prancei Woldenke and aad Samiots Son. [Forest of Zandery, May 31, 1916] is Paepalanth- us fasciculatus tus (Rottb.) Kunth. Schultes & Cabrera 1970) is a mixture with S. tenis (H.B.K. ) Ruhl. Liitzelburg 21957 is a co- type collection of f. latifolius Herzog, but the leaves as shown on the Macbride photograph to not agree as to width with the original description and the collection may therefore be a mix- ture of the typical form and f. latifolia. Admittedly Herzog's forms are not very distinct and may not deserve nomenclatural recognition. Additional citations: HISPANIOLA: Dominican Republic: Ekman H.15867 (W--1555152); Meyerhoff s.n. (B). COLOMBIA: Amazonas: Garcfa Barriga & Schultes 11166 (MN). Vaupés: Gutiérrez Villegas & Schu Schultes 918 (, W—198567h) 5 Humbert & Schultes 27367 (P); Maguire, Maguire, & Fernandez 4130 (N) (N); Schultes | & Cabrera 1832 (S, Ss, W—2172127), 1900) (Ld), 19 196hL (S, S, Ss, W--2172178, Ze 196h6 (Ss), 1970) in part part (N), 19918a (Ss). ” VENEZUELA: Paligans Killip 37355 37368 (N) 5 Maguire, Steyermark, & Maguire 5352 (N)5; Que- zada s.n. [26/12/1959] (Bm, Ve). GUYANA: Bolten s.n, [Mori & — 122 Pp yY TL OG FA Vol. 38, no. 2 rison 735 (K), 1126 (K); A. S. Hitchcock 16946 (W—10561L7); Ix Win 209 (W--21)370); Mori, Persaud, & Boyan 802 (Ld, N); R. Schomburgk 216 (W—702586), s.n. (Ut—-l18)5; Tutin 683 (W—17)3673) ; Univ. Georgetown Bio. 106-31 (N); Whitton 218 (K). SURINAM: Bol- dingh 3911 (Ut--10670); Dalger, Gonggrijp, & Stahel 5562 (Ut-- LL0L7A); Essed xox (Ut--,050A) 5 Florschtitz & Florschtitz 618 (Ut— 80221B), 648 (Ut--80218B); Focke 101 (Ut--38h); Freund & Freund R- 23-5 (W—2371505); Geijskes s.n. [2.V.1952] (Ut-—-309668); Herb. We Hans s.n. (B); Hostmann 592b (Ut-—-38)); Irwin, Prance, Soderstrom, & Holmgren 55268 (Mu, N, S), 57536 (N)3; Kappler 592a (B, B, Mu, no. 68] (Ut—-4051A); Lanjouw & Lindeman 163 (Ut--1787B), 229 (Ut—-17808B), 248 (Ut--17873B), 851 (Ut--17871B), 880 (N, Ut—— 17878B), 955 (Ut--17869B), H.6 (Ut--17872B); Pulle 29 (Ut——lOl46A) ; Samuels s.n. [May 31, 1916] (W--537966); Stahel 520b (Ut--L0h9A) 5 Van Donselaar & Van Donselaar 123 (Ut-—936068). FRENCH GUIANA: [Cayenne] (N), son. (B). BRAZIL: Amap4: W. A. Egler 119 [Herb. Mus. Goeldi 2575] (Mi), 1426 [Herb. Mus. Goeldi 2)582] (Mi); Frées 2673 (Z)3 Irwin & Westra 7257 (N); Maguire, Murga Pires, & nas: Black 18-3049 (Ut--97796A) ; Chagas s.n. [Herb. Inst. Nac. Pesq. Amaz. 983 Herb. Brad. 4702] (Bs, Ld); Coélho s.n. [Herb. Inst. Nac. Pesq. Amaz. 165] (Bs); Guedes 73 (Ca--59922), 7h (W— 2248342) 5 Killip & Smith 3008) (W—11,6],092) 5 Luiz sen. [Herb. Brad. 7020] (Ld); Littzelburg 21957 in part (S); Maas & Maas 1,56 (Ld, N); W. Rodrigues 86 [Herb. Inst. Nac. Pesq. Amaz. 5660] (Bs). Minas Gerais: Maguire, Mendes Magalh%es, & Maguire 7130 (N, S). Par&: Black 54-16759 (Bm); Black & Ledoux 50-10380 (Z), 50=10610 (Z), 50-10630 (Z); Ducke 8470 (Bs), 11330 (G1), lly (Bs), 11633 (Bs), 11685 (Bs), 11878 (Bs), 12583 (Bs), 1262 (Bs), 148h7 (Bs), sen. [Herb. Mus. Goeldi 119)6] (Bs) ; W. A. Egler 217 [Black 19501] (Bs); Goeldi 1506 (Bs); Herb. Mus. Goeldi 9799 (Bs); D. A. Lima 53-1274 (Be--8081); Lutzelburg 236L (Mu), 23761 (Mu); Murga Pires, Black, Wurdack, & Silva 6187 (N); Murga Pires & Silva L265 (N), 4717 (N, W—2252823); E. Pereira 1996 [Herb. Brad. 1272] (Lw). Roraima: Black s.n. [IX.1952] (Be--77603). MARAJO ISLAND: Swallen 4931 (Mi, W—1592048). LOCALITY OF COLLECTION UN- DETERMINED: Herb. Inst. Agron. Norte 14 (Z). MOUNTED ILLUSTRA- TIONS: drawings by Kérnicke (B). LOTT Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 123 SYNGONANTHUS UMBELLATUS f. BRACHYPHYLLUS (Huber) Moldenke, Phyto- logia 20: 23. 1970. Synonymy: Paepalantuhs umbellatus f. brachyphylla Huber, Bol. Mus. Para. 2: 99. 1898. Bibliography: Huber, Bol. Mus. Para. 2: 499. 1898; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 262 & 293. 19033 Moldenke, Phyto- iegia 20: 23. 1970; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 52 (2): BASIC. S231. 1971; Moldenke, Biol. gee 52: 71h. 1971; Moldenke, Excerpt. Bot. A.18: hh. 1971; Koldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 176 (1971) and 2: 593 & 965. 1971; ieieeees, Phytologia 28: h61 (197) and 36: 7. 1977. Huber's original (1898) description of this form is "(602) foliis minoribus (3 cm longis), snperioribus haud deflexis. Rio Marac4". Ruhland (1903) asserts that the form does not differ from the typical form of the species. This may be true, but I would like to see the type collection before deciding. "In gener- al, Herzog's proposed taxa in this group are poorly defined. SYNGONANTHUS UMBELLATUS f. LATIFOLIUS Herzog in Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. 29: 213 [as "latifolia"]. 1931. Synonymy: Syngonanthus umbellatus f. latifolia Herzog in Fed- de, Repert. Spec. Nov. 29: 213. 1931. Bibliography: Herzog in Fedde, Repert. Spec. Nov. 29: 213. 1931; Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 59 (2): 20. 1939; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 19 & 60. 196; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 93 & 2h. 199; Molden- ke, Résumé 109, 352, & 93. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 5 & 7. 1959; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 131 & 176 (1971) and 2: 638 & 965. 1971. Herzog's original (1931) description of this form is "differt a typo foliis latioribus, ad 6 mm. latis. Alto Amazonas: Manaos Villa Municipal Sand, Campos (n. 21957); Manaos, Flore auf Sand (n. 21990)". It should be noted that the Stockholm herbarium sheet of Liitzelburg 21957 does not have the broad leaves descri- bed by Herzog, yet is part of the type collection; probably that collection is a mixture of this form and the typical form of the species. Tutin 683 shows the broad leaves very well, although originally distributed as typical S. umbellatus (ene ) Ruhl. The form has been collected on white sand and in wet sandy rather shady patches on savannas, at 1100 feet altitude, flower- ing and fruiting in August. The flowers are described as "white" by collectors. Citations: GUYANA: Tutin 683 (Ut--39712A). BRAZIL: Amazénas: Liittzelburg 21895 (iu), 21957 in part [N. Y. Bot. Gard. Type Neg. N. S. 8878] (Mu—-type, N--photo of type, Z--isotype, Z--photo of type), 21990 (Mu). SYNGONANTHUS UMBELLATUS var. LIEBMANNIANUS (Korn.) Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (l-30): 262 [as "Liebmanniana"]. 1903. Synonymy: Paepalanthus liebmannianus Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 12) PobeY ToO' Er00G Tok Vol. 38, no. 2 3 (1): Lhh. 1863. Dupatya liebmanniana (Korn.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 746. 1891. Dupatya liebmanniana Kuntze apud Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 1, 145. 1902. Syngonanthus umbellatus var. liebmanniana (Kérn.) Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (1-30): 262. 1903. Bibliography: Kérn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): hhh & 507. 1863; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 76. 18913; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 2: 02. 1893 Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 1, 145. 1902; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (l-30): 262 & 293. 1903; Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 420. 1928; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 2, 15. 191; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 2, 2: 02. 196; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 19, 30, 50, & 60. 1963 Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 93 & 99. 198; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 93 & 214. 1949; Moldenke, Phytologia h: 333. 1953; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 3, 15. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé 109, 281, 326, 352, &= 93. 19593 Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 3, 2: 02. 1960; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 176 & 482 (1971) and 2: 585, 638, & 966. 1971. This variety is typified by Riedel 239 from Swamps at Franca, S%o Paulo, Brazil, deposited in the Leningrad herbarium. Ruhland (1903) cites also a Lund collection deposited in the Copenhagen herbarium where it was photographed by Macbride as his type photo— graph number 22286. Ruhland describes the variety as "Differt a forma typica vaginis paullo densius villosis, foliis ramorum lon- gioribus; bracteis involucrantibus glandulifero-pilosis, rigidis, aureo-flavidis". I have found the best characters to be (1) the bracts glanduliferous=-pilose rather than puberulent and (2) the basal leaves tiny, short, only 1 cm. long even during the anthe=- sis and fruiting stages of the plant. Silveira (1928) cites his no. 18 from Franca, So Paulo, col- lected in 1893. Additional & emended citations: BRAZIL: Goids: Lutzelburg lhljla (Mu). S%o Paulo: Lund s.n. [Macbride photos 22286] (N—photo, W-- photo); Riedel 2349 (B--isotype, Mu--isotype, Ut--385—-isotype). SYNGONANTHUS UMBELLATUS f. MINOR (Miq.) Moldenke, Phytologia 29: Wie to The Synonymy: Paepalanthus umbellatus f. minor hiiq. in sched. impr. mult. ed Hohenacker Pl. Hostm. & Kappl. 592b ex Moldenke, Phytologia 29: 77, in syn. 197). Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 29: 77 (1974) and 31: 383 & OS. 1975. This form differs from the typical form of the species in its much smaller stature. Miquel's trinomial is not listed in the Gray Herbarium cards of new names for American plants even though it occurs in printed form, with the required Latin diagnosis, on many specimens of Hohenacker's distribution in the typical exsic- catae fashion so widely used in mycology. It is based on Host- mann & Kappler [or just "Kappler"] 592b from "arenosis" in Suri- 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 125 nam, collected in May, 18). Mori and his associates encountered what appears to be this variety, with very short leaves, on wet white sand of savannas, flowering and fruiting in September, the anthers described by them as "purple". Citations: SURINAM: Kappler 592b [N. Y. Bot. Gard. Type Neg. N.S. 8876] (lu--isotype, N--photo of isotype, Z--pho.o of iso- type); Mori, Bolten, & Jansma 8325 (N, 2). SYNGONANTHUS UMBELLATUS var. PRANCEI Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 80. 1970. Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 80. 19703 Anon., Biol. Abstr. 52 (3): B.A.S.1.C. S.228. 19713 Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 52: 1316. 1971; Moldenke, Excerpt. Bot. 4.18: 5. 1971; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 176 (1971) and 2: 966. 1971. Much of the material of the type collection of this variety has been distributed erroneously in various herbaria as repre- senting typical S. umbellatus (Lam.) Ruhl. Citations: PRAZIL: Goids: Prance & Silva 5871 (N—type, S-- isotype, W--258)609A--isotype) . SYNGONANTHUS VARESCHII loldenke, Act. Biol. Venez. 2 (7): 50. 1957. Bibliography: Molcenke, Act. Biol. Venez. 2 (7): 50. 1957; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 32: 2917. 1958; J. A. Clark, Card-Ind. Gen. Sp. & Var. Pl. issue 228. 1958; Moldenke, Résumé 7); & 193. 1959; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 13: 132. 1966; Moldenke, Fifth Sum. Hz /128.(1971) and 2: 966. 1971. This species is based on Vareschi & Foldats 4576, from Guaya- raca, Auyantepui, at 1100 m. altitude, Bolivar, Venezuela, collec- ted in April, 1955, and deposited in the herbarium of the Insti- tuto Bot4nico de Venezuela in Caracas. The type specimen was ap- parently closely grazed by some animal because most of its leaves are abruvtly truncated at their apex. About 12 staminate florets were present in the two heads examined, but only a single pistil- late one (and that one was in very poor condition). Therefore the pistillate floral characters are very uncertain. lMore and better material is needed. Vareschi 6780 is placed here tenta- tively with some doubt. Steyermark and Bunting encountered S. vareschii growing "ter- restrially in dense clumps on moist sand" at 125 m. altitude. Citations: VENEZUKLA: Amazonas: Steyermark & Bunting 102837 (Z); Vareschi 6780 (N). Bolfvar: Vareschi & Foldats 576 (N-— isotype, Ve—type, Z--isotype). SYNGONANTHUS VENEZUELENSIS Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 352 & 381, nom. nud. 1993; Alph. List Cit. 3: 975, hyponym. 1919; Fieldiana Bot. 28: 128--129. 1951. Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 352 & 381. 1917; Molden- ke, Alph. List Cit. 3: 975. 1949; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 65 & 21h. 1919; Moldenke, Fieldiana Bot. 28: 126 Pal © BO Dat Vol. 38, no. 2 128--129. 1951; Moldenke, Phytologia : 333. 1953; J. A. Steyerm., Fieldiana Bot. 28: 1158. "1957; Moldenke, Résumé 7h, & 93. 19595 G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 12: 138. 1969; J. A. Steyerm., Act. Bot. Venez. 1: O & 27. 19663 Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 128 (1971) and 2: 966. 1971. This species is based on J. A. Steyermark 59347 from a sandy wet meadow on a large mesa in n the Gran Sabana between the Mission of Santa Teresita de Kavanayén northwest and the Rfo Karaui, Bolf- var, Venezuela, at 1220 m. altitude, on October 26, 19hh. Super- ficially this peculiar species greatly resembles some of the very dwarf matted species of Paepalanthus. SYNGONANTHUS VENUSTUS Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 366-368, pl. 232. 1928. Synonymy: Paepalanthus venustus Alv. Silv., Pl. Mont. 1: pl. 232, sphalm. 1928 [not P. vermstus Moldenke, 1957]. Bibliography: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 366-368 & 20, pl. 232. 1928; Wangerin in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 57 (1): 78. 19375; Fedde in just, Bot. Jahresber. 57 (2): 896. 1938; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 272. 1933; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 2: 26. 191; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 19 & 60. 1916; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 93 & 21). 1995; Molden- , Phytologia : 333. 1953; Moldenke, Résumé 109, 329, & 92. 1959; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 176 (1971) and 2: 592 & 966. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 35: 26) & 450. 1977. This species is based on A. Silveira 523 from "In campis areno= Sis vrope Diamantina", Minas Gerais, brazil, collected in Aprii, 1908, and deposited in the Silveira herbarium. In his original (1928) description Silveira refers to "Tabula CCXXXIII" as illus- trating this species, but that illustration depicts S. canastrensis Alv. Silv. Syngonanthus venustus is illustrated on WTABULA CCXXXII". Silveira notes that the "Species ob indumentum folio- rum vaginarumque ab affinibus valde distincta. A S. Rupprechtiano (Koern) Ruhl. non solum illo indumento sed etiam foliis latiorikbus facile recedit". It appears to have considerable habital resem— blance to S. erectifolius Alv. Silv. and S. niveo-aureus Alv. Silv. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: E. Pereira 2812 [Pabst 3648; Herb. Brad. 3838] (Z). SYNGONANTHUS VERTICILLATUS (Eong.) Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 262. 1903. Synonymy: Eriocaulon verticillatum Bong., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersb., ser. 6, 1: 633, pl. 8. 1831. Paepalanthus verticil-= latus (Bong.) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 536. 1841. Paepalanthus verti- cillatus Kunth apud Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 309. 1863. Paepalanthus verticillatus var. & Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 4l9—h50. 1863. Paepalanthus verticillatus var. 8 Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 4h9--l50. 1863. Dupatya verticillata (Bong.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 76. 1891. Dupatya verticillata 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 127 Kuntze apud Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 1, 15. 1902. Mutia verticillata Mart. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 19, in syn. 1959. Paepalanthus verticillatus var. Of Kunth ex Mol- denke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 22, in syn. 1959. Syngonanthus verticil- latus Ruhl. apud Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 175. 1908. Syngonan- thus verticillatus (Kunth) Ruhl. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 23, in syn. 1959. Paepalanthus verticillatus Mart. ex Moldenke, Phy- tologia 31: 05, in syn. 1975. Bibliography: Bong., Ess. Monog. Erioc. 33 & 9--51, pl. 8. 1831; Bong., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersb., ser. 6, 1: 633 & 649, pl. 8. 1831; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 586. 18110; Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 536, 578, 61h, & 625. 181; D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 263. 1852; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 277 & 33h. 18553 Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 309, 4i9—l51, 501, & 507, pl. Wh, fig. 2. 1863; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 3 (2): 1023. 1883; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 76. 1891; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 1: 879 (1893) and imp. 1, 2: 02. 189h; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 1, 145. 19023 Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzen- reich 13 (4-30): 26, 262, 28), 288, 292, & 29). 1903; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 175. 1908; Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 20. 1928; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 3: 91 (1930) and h: 519. 1930; Moldenke in Gleason & Killip, Brittonia 3: 159. 1939; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 2, 15. 191; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 2, 1: 879 (196) and imp. 2, 2: 02. 19163 Mol- denke, Alph. List Cit. 1: 223. 196; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Dis- trib. Erioc. 19, 31, 1, 55, & 60. 19l)6; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 352. 197; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 65, 93, & 21h. 19493 Moldenke, Phytologia : 33). 1953; Mendes Magalhfes, Anais V Keun. Anual Soc. Bot. Bras. 236-237. 1956; Durand. & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 3, 145. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé 7), 109, 282, 293, 329, & 93. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Sup- pl. 1: 19, 22, & 23. 19593 Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 3, 1: 879 (1960) and imp. 3, 2: 02. 19603; Renné, Levant. Herb. Inst. Agron. Minas 72. 1960; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 128 & 486 (1971) and 2: 516, 572, 592, 638, & 966. 1971; Moldenke, Phy- tologia 31: 05 (1975) and 35: 453. 1977. Illustrations: Bong., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersb., ser. 6, 1: [Ess. Monog. Erioc.] pl. 8. 1831; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. geety> pe. Wi, fig. 2. 1863. This species is based on L. Riedel 1033 from "In arenosis hu- midis Serra da Lapa", Minas Gerais, Brazil, probably deposited in the Leningrad herbarium. Bongard's original (1831) descrip~ tion is "Caulescens; caule erecto, simplici, folioso; foliis radicalibus confertis linearibus, acutis, pubescentibus; caulin- is dense verticillatis; pedunculis fasciculatis; vaginis glabris". This description was considerably amplified by Kunth (181), who cites only the original collection and notes "An vere hujus loci ob sepala mascula interiora libera?, praecedenti tamen ob habitum simillims". Kornicke's var. ({ represents the typical variety of the species. Kunth says "vaginis pubescentibus"; Ruhland (1903) says "vaginae.....dense patenti-puberulae vel hirsutae". 128 Peeves OPT Os Gee A Vol. 38, no. 2 The latter authority cites Weddell 210 from Goids, and from Minas Gerais Glaziou 19979, Martius s.n., Riedel 1033, and Schwacke 8u7h. ~ Collectors describe this species as an herb, 20-50 cm.tall, the heads sordid-white during anthesis, tan, straw-color, or yellow- brown in fruit. They have encountered it in open places on dry or marshy sandy campos and in wet sandy places in general, at alti- tudes of 1200--1)00 m., flowering from January to May as well as in November, fruiting in January and April. Anderson and his as= sociates found it growing in "wet sand on gently sloping hillside with sandy soil and sandstone boulders, mostly wet with seeping water, and rocky areas along rushing stream at base of hill"; Silva found it "very frequent on sandstone outcrops", while Irwin and his associates found it "on creek-margins in region of high campo slopes, outcrops, and creek margins", "in soil-filled crev- ices on steep rocky slopes", "in wet ground of cerrado in narrow valleys", "on rocky slopes, cerrado with exposed sandstone cliffs and outcrops", and "in wet places near campo creek in disturbed slope forest and adjacent rocky campo". It should be noted that the label accompanying Irwin & al. 20452 is inscribed "leafless subshrub, corollas cream" and may represent a case of labels accidentally mixed during mounting; their no. 22231 is a particularly important collection since it exhibits both immature and mature inflorescences. Bongard's (1831) illustration of this species is cited by Stapf (1930) to volume "1 (6)". Mutia verticillata, as well as the genus Mutia itself, appear to be based on Martius s.n. [dist. Adamantum] in the Munich herbarium. Silveira (1928) cites A. Silveira 217 from Diamantina, Minas Gerais, collected in 1908. Additional & emended pation: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Ander= son, Stieber, & Kirkbride 3559 (Ld, N); Brade 13605 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Rio rp 25393] (B); A. P. Duarte 7801 Ol (Herb. Brad. 27773] (Lw); Glaziou 19979 (Br, C, W--112h16h); Hatschbach 31562 (W— 2706690) ; Hatschbach & Ahunada 31562 (Ld, N); Heringer & Castel- lanos 6117 (B)5 Irwin, Maxwell, & Wasshausen 20252 (Ld, Ny W-- 2759023), 20452 (Ld), 20797 797 (Ac, “N); Irwin, Reis dos Santos, Souza, & Fonseca 22231 ~[Herb. Brad. 58 8708]. (Ac, Mu, N), 2266 (Ld, N)3 Martius sen. [In editis supra Tecoma sax. prope Mainarde, in distr. adamant. rel. Apr. Maio 1818] (Mu), sen. [distr. Adamantium] (Mu); Mello Barreto 2515 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Bayo Horiz. 8267; Herb. U. S. Nat. Arb. 236391] (W--2109986) ; - Pereira 2827 [Pabst 3663; Herb. Brad. 383] (Z)3; L. Riedel 1033 33. (B--isot type, Mu--isotype, Ut-——387--isotype) ; Segadas—Vianna 6010 (Sm); J. B. Silva 587 Herbs Set. Lag. 72] (Ba, Ld); MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Bong., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersb., ser. 6, 1: pl. 8. 1831 (N, 2); Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): pl. Whe fig, 2. Loos. (N, Z)5 Korn., Mart. Fl. Bras. orig. in color, pl. 189 (B); drawings by Kornicke (B). 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 129 SYNGONANTHUS WAHLBERGII (Wikstr.) Ruhl. in ¥ngl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 247. 1903. if Synonymy: Eriocaulon wahlbergii Wikstr. ex Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 39, in syn. 1863. Paepalanthus wahlbergii (Wikstr.) Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 59. 1863. Paepalanthus wahl- bergii Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 503 & 50). 18633 Hieron. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 1, 2 (k): 27. 1888. Dupatya wahlbergii (Wikstr.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 76. 1891. Dupatya wahlbergii Kuntze apud Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 1, 15. 1902. Syngonanthus wahlbergii Ruhl. apud Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 175. 1908. Syngonanthus chevalieri H. Lecom te, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: 595 & 597. 1909. Syngonanthus Wahlbergii (Koern.) Ruhl. apud Richards & Morony, Check List Fl. Mbala 262. 1969. Bibliography: Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 59—60, 503, 50, & 508. 1863; Hieron. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 1, 2 (kh): 27. 1888; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 76. 18913 Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 1: 879 (1893) and imp. 1, 2: 403. 1894; Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. 5: 50h. 189k; N, E. Br. in Thiselt.-Dyer, Fl. Cap. 7: 52, 59, & 782. 1897; Rendle, Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. 2 (1): 102. 1899; N. E. Br. in This elt.-Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. 8: 262 & 263. 19023 Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 1, 145. 19025 Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzen- reich 13 (4-30): 243, 247, 28h, 288, 292, & 29h. 19033 Pilger in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. Erginz. 2, Nachtr. 3 au 2: jl. 1908; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 175. 1908; H. Lecomte, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: 595. 19095 Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 4, imp. 1, 230. 19133; T.C. HE. & R. E. Fries ink. E. Fries, Wiss. Ergebn. Schwed. Rhod .-Kong .-Exped. 1911-12 Bot. 1: 219. 1916; Hutchinson & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 1, 2: 328. 19313 Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 2, 15. 1913 Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 2, 1: 879 (196) and imp. 2, 2: 02. 1963 Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 21, 22, 31, 1, 55, 57, & 60. 1963 Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., fed. 2], 113, 117, 119, 122, 212, & 214. 1949; Erdtman, Pollen Morph. & Pl. Tax., ed. 1, 163. 19523 Moldenke, Phytologia : 33). 1953; H. Hess, Bericht. Schweiz. Bot. Gesell. 65: 1hh, 157, 192, & 198, pl. 9, fig. 2, 3, h, 11, 12, & 1). 1955; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. lh, imp. 2, 230. 1958; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 3, 1h5. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé 135, 138, 142, 115, 147, 19, 154, 282, 293, 329, 351, 352, & 493. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 20. 19593 Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 3, 1: 879 (1960) and imp. 3 2: 02. 1960; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. ht: 7. 19623; Thanikaimoni, Pollen & Spores 7: 181. 1965; Erdtman, Pollen Morph. & Pl. Tax., ed. 2, 163. 1966; Astle, Kirkia 7: 9h. 1968; Meikle in Hutchinson & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 67. 1968; Moldenke, Phyto- logia 17: 38) (1968) and 18: 390. 19693 Richards & Morony, Check List Fl. Mbala 262. 1969; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 58 & 70. 1970; Erdtman, Pollen Morph. & Pl. Tax., ed. 3, 163. 19713; Mol- denke, Fifth Summ. 1: 215, 222, 227, 231, 238, 2hh, 246, 248, 257, 3 130 Po ¥ T-0 0G 2k Vol. 38, no. 2 & 487 (1971) and 2: 516, 579, 592, 636, 638, 961, & 966. 1971; Lewalle, Bull. Jard. Nat. Belg. 2 [Trav. Univ. Off. Bujumb. Fac. Sci. C.20]: [237]. 19725; Moldenke, Phytologia 25: 231. 1973; Le- walle, Boissiera 2): 88. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 31: 05 (1975), 3h: 278 (1976), 35: 308 & 314 (1977), 36: 36, 7, 83, & 93 (1977), 37: 267 (1977), and 38: 26 & 3h. 1977. Tllustrations: H. Hess, Bericht. Schweiz. Bot. Gesell. 65: 198, pl. 9, fig. 2—h, 11, 12, & 1h. 1955. This species is based on J. A. Wahlberg 18 from Goda, Cape Prov- ince, South Africa, deposited in the Stockholm herbarium. Syngo- nanthus chevalieri was based on A. Chevalier 6818, collected "bei Chari oriental, Source de Ndellé" in what is now the Central Afri- can Republic on February 19 or 20, 1902, deposited in the Paris herbarium. Hess (1955) has examined this material and reports that "Die Analyse des gut entwickelten und reichlich gesammelten Typus-Material zeigt eine vollstdndige lfbereinstimmung mit S. Wahlbergii". % An unsigned undated memorandum in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden states that "The Wahlberg specimen of Syn- gonanthus wahlbergii (Wickstr. ex Koern.) Ruhl. is not at Kew, but the two additional collectings ('Zeyher win and 1730') cited by Koernicke and Ruhland are both represented [there]. "With regard to these specimens, Koernicke has made two blun= ders which Ruhland has copied: In the first place, Zeyher 7m is not a Syngonanthus and does not come from Megaliesberg; Koernicke almost certainly intended Burke 7, which comes from this area and which agrees with Zeyher 1730. Secondly, neither Burke 74 nor Zeyher 1730 are quite glabrous, and all the specimens named S. wahlbergii at Kew bear hairs and stalked glands in varying quantity, immature specimens being frequently densely glandular, and mature or overripe specimens almost glabrous. Drawings of the Burke and Zeyher specimens are enclosed. The mid=-portions of the peduncles are glabrous or almost so with glandular indu- mentum chiefly confined to apices. The sheaths of both specimens here and there thinly pilose, those of the Zeyher specimen being almost glabrous. It should be remembered that both are mature fruiting specimens. I have little doubt that they would be more densely glandular in the young state. There is no significant difference in the size of the capitula of S. African and Tropical African specimens of S. wahlbergii. It is of course possible that the Wahlberg specimen may be distinct, and that Koernicke has confused more than one species under one name. As the Wahl- berg specimen must be regarded as the type, examination would be desirable. S. schlechteri has smaller, white capitula, and long stalked glands on peduncles. I think it is distinct from Tropi- cal and S. African S. wahlbergii sens. Fl. Trop. Afr." Syngonanthus wahlbergii is described by recent collectors as an herb, 5--10 cm. tall, the leaves glaucous-green, forming ros= ettes, the heads brown, and the flowers white. Lewalle describes 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae alehh it as an "herbe 4 feuilles en rosette gaine de la tige florale ciliée fl. ocre". It has been found growing in deep sand, in marshes, and in swamps, at altitudes of 800--2000 m., flowering from February to June, as well as in August, October, and Decem- ber, fruiting in November and December. Brown (1902) reports it from "in spongy or marshy places", near streams, near river banks and in swamps, citing barter 539 from Niger, Welwitsch 254, 255, % 2455b from Angola, and Nutt s.n. and Wilson 1)0 from Mozambique, noting that it is "Also in the Transvaal". Rendle (1899) refers to it as "Laxly caespitose, subflaccid, heads dull yellow" or "tawny gold", and reports it "Somewhat rare in spongy Sphagnum bogs near streams", in "Marshy, scarcely spongy, wooded meadows... growing with Burmannia and Anagallis pulchella", citing Welwitsch 276, 25h, 2455, and 255b and a "COLL. CARP. 106". Hess (1955) reports finding it growing along with Eriocaulon pictum Fritsch, e E. teusczii Engl. &« Ruhl., and E. transvaalicum N. E. Br. in An- gola. He cites Hess 50/197, 50/218, 51/29h, 52/278, 52/1358, 52/ 2028, 52/2048, 52/2056, 3319, 16653, & 1668). He comments that "Syngonanthus Wahlbergii wurde oft auf fast reinem, feuchtem Quarzsand gefunden.....Haufig wachst die Pflanze auch auf sandig- moorigen Boden, aber nur dort, wo dass Wasser nicht stagniert, also on Hangen oder Flussufern". He continues: "Das umfangreiche Herbarmaterial hat mich veranlasst, die Art.....weiter zu fassen, als diese aus der Originaldiagnose hervorgeht. Eine Abtrennung systematischer Einheiten ist unmoglich, weil zwischen den Extre- men der Merkmale kontinuierliche Ubergange vorhanden sind. "Brakteen und Sepalen der Nummern 50/197, 51/29h, 52/278, 52/ 1858, 52/208 und 52/2056 sind hellbraun gefarbt, wie dies fiir Syngonanthus Wahlbergii typisch ist. Bei den Nummern 50/218 und 52/2028 sind die Brakteen und Sepalen gelblich bis weiss; rein weiss sind sie an Nummer 3319......An den Bltiten sind aber sonst keinerlei konstante morphologische Verschiedenheiten faststellbar. Die Sepalen @ Bliiten sind auf dem Rticken gelegentlich zerstreut behaart; doch lasst sich dieses variierende \Merkmal mit keiner andern Abweichung koppeln, so dass es systematisch nicht verwend- bar ist. "Vergleich man das Material der Nr. 50/197, das aus etwa )0 Pflanzen besteht, mit dem der Nr. 52/1858, das etwa 200 Exemplare umfasst (die Fundorte liegen etwa 1 km auseinander), so glaubt man zuerst, es handelt sich um zwei verschiedene Arten: die Pflanzen der No. 50/197 sind 6--9 cm hoch; die Halme haben ein- en Durchmesser von 0,3 mm, die Drusenhaare sind 0,15 mm lang, die Behaarung mit spitzen Haaren is sparlich, die Kopfe haben einen Horizontaldurchmesser von ,5--5 mm. Die Pflanzen der Nr. 52/ 1858 sind gleich hoch, die Halme sind aber bloss 0,15 mm dick, dagegen sind die Drtsenhaare bis 0,3 mm lang, librige Behaarung ist dicht, die Haare stehen nach unten und oben schief ab, der Horizontaldurchmesser der Bliitenkdpfe betragt 3--3,5 mm......... $32 PUHeY P Ot LeO8G) BOA Vol. 38, no. 2 tAnalysiert man das Material der verschiedenen Fundorte stat- istisch, so ergibt sich aus den einzelnen Zufallskurven flr jedes Merkmal eine breite Variationskurve, durch die die Art abgegrenzt wird. Hatten nur die Extremen Formen am positiven und negativen Ende der Kurve zur Untersuchung vorgelegen, w2ren daraus wohl zwei Arten beschrieben worden. Das Beispiel zeigt deutlich, wie notwendiz es ist, aus demselben Formenkreis immer wieder Material zu sammeln und vom gleichen Standort auch moglichst viele Exem- plare mitzunehmen. Nur so ist es mdglich, ohne experimentelle Untersuchungen einigermassen Aufschluss tber den Aufbau einer Art zu bekommen...e.eee "Syngonanthus Wahlbergii ist heute aud Nord=-Nigerien, Chari, Tanganyika, Angola, Stid-Rhodesien, Transvaal und dem Kap der Guten Hoffnung bekannt.....Syngonanthus Wahlbergii steht S. Schlechteri Ruhl.......sehr nahe. Von letzterer Art....als ein- zifer Unterschied gegentiber S. Wahlbergii ist das Fehlen der An- hangsel am Griffel bei S. Schlechteri zu erwahnen. Sonst stum- men die Einlagen von S. Schlechteri vollstandig mit den gelb- bis weisskdpfigen Varianten des S. Wahlbergii uberein. "Es ware auch denkbar, dass es sich bei diesen Varianten um Bastardschwarme von Syngonanthus Schlechteri x S. Wahlbergii handeln konnte." It should be noted here that Stapf (1931) dates the Pilger (1908) work cited in the bibliography above as "1906". The Le- comte (1909) work, sometimes cited as "1908", was presented at the November 13, 1908, meeting of the Society, but, according to the "Index Kewensis", was not actually published until 1909. Lewalle (1972) cites Lewalle 5855 from Burundi; Astle (1968) cites Astle 53 from Zambia; the Frieses (1916) cite R. E. Fries 1055 & 1057 from Zambia; Erdtman (1966) cites Fries, Norlindh, & Weimarck 3770 from Rhodesia. Meikle (1968) describes S. wahlbergii as "Plants usually form- ing crowded tufts; leaves narrowly linear-subulate, often distinct- ly recurved, and white-lanuginous at base; peduncles slender, wiry, minutely glandular (especially just below capitulum); flowers brownish, sometimes dark brown......Widespread in tropical Africa and south to the Transvaal", citing only Barter 1539 from Northern Nigeria. Material of S. wahlbergii has been misidentified and distribu- ted in some herbaria as S. ngoweensis H. Lecomte or Hriocaulon africanum Hochst. On the other hand, the Devred 1872, Welwitsch 2u54, and H. Wild 1551 [Govt. Herb. 16096], distributed as S. wahlbergii, seem better placed as S. ngoweensis H. Lecomte, al- though Hess (cfr. above) still regards the Welwitsch collection as S. wahlbergii. Additional citations: BURUNDI: Lewalle 5938 (Ac), 619 (Z). ANGOLA: Huila: Welwitsch 255 (Mu), 255b (fu). RHODESIA: Fries, Norlindh, & Weimarck 3770 (S). SOUTH AFRICA: Cape Province: Wahl- 1977 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 133 berg 18 (B--isotype, S--type). Transvaal: Zeyher 1730 (S). YOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: drawings & notes by Kornicke (B). SYNGONANTHUS WEDDELLII Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 25--h26. 1951. Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 25--)26 (1951) and h: 33h. 19533 Moldenke, Résumé 109 & 193. 1959; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 12: 138. 1959; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 176 (1971) and 2: 966. 1971; Anon., Biol. Abstr. ae CeB eSel ols, Sec ole 19733 Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 56: 69. 1973; Moldenke, Phytologia 25: 22h & 230. 1973; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 292. 197h. Cavalcante found this plant growing at 700 m. altitude, in flower and fruit in May. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Par&: Cavalcante 2101 {[Herb. Min. Ger. 36681] (Z). SYNGONANTHUS WEDDELLII var. GRACILIS Moldenke, Phytologia 25: 22h. 1973. Bibliography: Anon., Biol. Abstr. 56 (1): B.A.S.1.C. S.25). 19733 Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 56: 69. 1973; Moldenke, Phytologia 25: 22 & 230. 19733 Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 292. 197h. Citations: BRAZIL: Goids: Irwin, Anderson, Stieber, & Lee 34259 (N--isotype, Z--type). SYNGONANTHUS WELWITSCHII (Rendle) Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 28. 1903. Synonymy: Paepalanthus welwitschii Rendle in Hiern, Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. 2: 102--103. 1899. Syngonanthus welwitschii Ruhl. apud Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 175. 1908. Bibliography: Rendle in Hiern, Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. 2: 102-- 103. 1899; N. E. Br. in Thiselt.-Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. 8: 262-- 263. 1902; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (-—30): 244, 2h8, 28), eee, & 29h. 1903; Thiselt.-Dyer, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 2: AB 150s Pilger in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. Erganz. 2, Nachtr. 3 zu 2: 41. 1908; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 175. 1908; H. Leconte, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: 595 & 597. 1909; Moldenke, Known Geo~: gr. Distrib. Erioc. 22, 55, & 60. 196; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 119 & 214. 199; H. Hess, Bericht. Schweiz. Bot. Gesell. 65: 197--198. 1955; Moldenke, Résumé 147, 329, & 493. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 23 (1959) and i: 6. 1962; Moldenke, Fifth Summ . 1: 218 & 25 (1971) and 2: 592, 638, & 966. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 35: 308. 1977. This species is based on Welwitsch 27 from rather damp fields formerly cultivated with sorghum near Lopollo, Huila, An- gola, in March or April, 1860, in flower, and is doubtless depos- ited in the herbarium of the British Museum (Natural History) in London. Welwitsch remarks that it is "a very social plant and plentiful along with pigmy Cyperaceae and Conmelynaceae". Rendle asserts that it is "Distinguished from P{aepalanthus ] Wahlbergii by its pigmy size, few-flowered heads with white involucral bracts, and absence of sterile style-arms". Brown (1902) cites only the 13h P-H-Y f-O-L-0 @ Ik Vol. 38, no. 2 original collection, adding that the type locality is at an alti- tude of 5500 feet. Hess (1955) says that "Es handelt sich dabei um die kleinste der afrikanischen Syngonanthus-Arten: sie wird bloss 1—2 cm hoch; die Sepalen der PBluten sind nur 0,6--0,6 mm lang; S. Welwitschii wurde seither von keiner andern Fundstelle bekannt und ist mit keiner andern atrikanischen Syngonanthus-Art nahe verwandt." He cites Hess 52/1358a from 1820 m. altitude on a river tributary slope, flowering in May. He says that the species "ist mur vom Plateau von Huila (Serra da Chela), Angola, bekannt". The fungus, Ustilago eriocauli, is said to infest it. It is worth noting here again that Stapf (1931) gives "1906" as the publication date for the Pilger (1908) work cited above. The Lecomte work (1909) is often cited as "1908" and, indeed, it was presented to the Society on November 13 of that year, but ac- cording to the "Index Kewensis" was not published until the fol- lowing year. Citations: SIERRA LEONE: P. Jaeger 18 (An). ANGOLA: Huila: Welwitsch 2)7 (B--isotype, Mu--isotype, Z--isotype). SYNGONANTHUS WIDGRENIANUS (Korn.) Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (l-30): 256. 1903. p! Synonymy: Paepalanthus widgrenianus Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 45). 1863. Dupatya widgreniana (Korn.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 746. 1891. Dupatya widgreniana Kuntze apud Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 1, 145. 1902. Bibliography: Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 454—l55 & 507. 1863; Korn. in Warm., Vidensk. Meddel. Naturh. Foren. Kjobenh. 23: 315. 1871; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 76. 18913; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 2: 02. 189; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 1, 145. 1902; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 29, 202, 245, 256, 28h, 292, & 29h. 1903; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 175. 1908; Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 420, 1928; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 2, 145.1913; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jaks., Ind. Kew., imp. 2, 2: 402. 1946; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 1: 223. 196; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 19, 31, 55, & 60. 196; Moldenke Phytologia 2: 374. 19473; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 2: 12 (1918) , 3: 935 (199), and h: 1180, 1288, 1301, & 130). 1993; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 93 & 21h. 19495 Mol- denke, Phytologia lh: 33h. 1953; Angely, Fl. Paran. 10: 15. 1957; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 3, 145. 1959; Molden- ke, Résumé 109, 282, 329, 352, & 493. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 3, 2: 02. 1960; Angely, Fl. Paran. 16: 77 (1960) and'17: 2h. 19613; Angely, Fl. Anal. Paran., ed. 1, 202. 19653 Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 176 & 487 (1971) and 2: 596, 638, & 966. 1971; Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeogr. Est. S. Paulo, ed. 1, 6: 1163-116) & Ind. 21 & 28. 19725 Moldenke, Phytologia 31: 08 (1975) and 35: 455. 1977. [to be contimed] NOTES ON BROMELIACEAE, XXXIX Lyman B. Smith and Robert W. Read Since the publication of Notes on Bromeliaceae, XXXVIII in Phytologia 33: 429-443. June 1976, the second part of Flora Neo- tropica, No. 14, Tillandsioideae, September 23, 1977, has been published and the manuscript for the third part, Bromelioideae, has been completed. Consequently the following miscellaneous notes are wholly supplementary to the monograph in character. PITCAIRNIOIDEAE (Enumeration of Flora Neotropica, Monograph 14. 1974) 8. PITCAIRNIA 24. P. QUESNELIOIDES L. B. Smith emend. L. B. Smith & R. W. Read. PLANT somewhat caulescent; stem 15 mm thick. LEAVES disti- chous and equitant along the stem, 2.4 m long; sheaths narrowly triangular with a slight enlargement at base, complanate, obtuse- ly carinate, densely brown-lepidote; petioles indistinct, flat, laxly retrorse-serrate; blades linear-lanceolate, attenuate at base into the petiole, caudate-attenuate at apex, 5 cm wide, ob- scurely lepidote beneath. SCAPE erect but flattened and decurved at apex, 1-1.2 m high G Schunke), brown-lepidote, soon glabrous; scape-bracts lanceolate to broadly ovate, acuminate, shorter than the internodes, entire. INFLORESCENCE nutant, densely cylindric, 20 cm long, 5 cm wide. FLORAL BRACTS erect, densely imbricate, ovate, lepidote becoming glabrous, dull red (! Schunke), thin, deteriorating into a mesh of fine fibers; flowers subsessile. SEPALS asymmetric, ovate, acute, 30 mm long, glabrous; petals 5 em long, red, bearing a large ovate acute scale at base, arching over the stamens; ovary 1p to 3/4 inferLores vil. de PERU: SAN MARTIN: Mariscal Caceres: Uchiza: Sanja Seca de Ti- pishea, 8 km from Progreso (road to Tingo Maria), edge of quebra- da in moist soil and deep shade, 500-550 m, Schunke 7881 (MO, US) The difference between the original and the emended descrip- tion is easily understood when the old shriveled condition of the type is compared with the full flowering condition of the Peruvian specimen. Gla. P. SERRULATA L. B. Smith & R. W. Read, sp. nov. AP. quesnelioide L. B. Smith, cui affinis, foliorum laminis apice serrulatis, inflorescentia pauciflora, sepalis symmetricis an- gustis obtusis differt. LEAVES fasciculate, polymorphic, the outermost reduced to small ovate acuminate dark castaneous verrucose densely brown- lepidote sheaths, the innermost 1.2-1.3 m long with long narrowly triangular sheaths; petioles slender, dark castaneous, serrulate 135 136 PUREE Oey O1Gs. De, Vol. 38, no. 2 toward base; blades lanceolate and attenuate to oblanceolate and acuminate (paratype), 5-7 cm wide, covered on both sides with pale brown appressed scales, serrulate toward apex. SCAPE more or less curved, 25-40 ecm long, brown-lepidote becoming glabrous; scape-bracts erect, mostly imbricate, broadly ovate, acute to acuminate, thin verrucose, brown-lepidote becoming glabrous. IN- FLORESCENCE densely subcylindric, few-flowered, 8 cm long. FLO- RAL BRACTS erect, imbricate, ovate, acute, 4 cm long, thin, soon glabrous; flowers subsessile. SEPALS symmetric, narrowly lanceo- late, obtuse, 26 mm long; petals over 4 cm long, reddish (! Ber- Lin). heeds a bidentate scale at base; ovary ca. 2/3 superior ; ovules and seeds alate. Pl. 2. PERU: AMAZONAS: Without further locality, terrestrial, 18 De- cember 1972, Berlin 631 (US, holotype; MO, isotype); Monte, Que- brada Yutui Entsa, 1000 m, 12 April 1973, Ancuash 221 (MO, US, paratypes). 40a. P. KIRKBRIDEI L. B. Smith & R. W. Read, sp. nov. AP. ensifolia Mez, cui valde affinis, foliorum laminis supra glabris et mediano pallidis, scapo brevi, inflorescentia elongata differt LEAVES trimorphic, some reduced to ovate acuminate pungent en- tire sheaths, some with subulate spinose-serrate blades, others large with broad flat serrulate persistent blade-bases; blades pendent (! Kirkbride), deciduous, linear, filiform-attenuate, to 8 dm long, 18 mm wide, entire, covered beneath with pale appress- ed scales, glabrous above with a prominent white median stripe. SCAPE suberect, slender, 9-21 cm long, glabrous; scape-bracts erect, ovate, caudate or acuminate, the upper ones about equal- ing the internodes. INFLORESCENCE simple, lax, to 23 cm long, obscurely pale-lepidote becoming glabrous; axis red (! Kirk- bride). FLORAL BRACTS narrowly lance-triangular, attenuate, shorter than the pedicels; pedicels very slender, to 14 mm long, mostly ascending. SEPALS linear-lanceolate, acute, 21 mm long, narrowly alate-carinate; petals ca. 35 mm long, orange (! Kirk- bride), appendaged; stamens evidently included; ovary ca. 2/3 superior; ovules alate. Pl. 3. BRAZIL: PARA: Serra do Cachimbo, in forest downstream from Cachoeira do Curud on west side of Rio Curua, on rock, 15 Febru- ary 1977, Kirkbride & Lleras 2813 (holotype INPA; isotype, US). 215a. P. SAGASTEGUII L. B. Smith & R. W. Read, sp. nov. A P. augustii Harms, cui valde affinis, scapi bracteis pectinato- serratis, sepalis majoribus, petalis rubris differt. PLANT caulescent, flowering 45 cm above the apex of the stem; stem erect, 12 mm thick and branching near apex. LEAVES 6 dm long; blades dimorphic, some reduced to suborbicular dark-cas- taneous spine-tipped sheaths, others with deciduous linear-lan- ceolate, entire green blades 2 cm wide. SCAPE erect, stout, white-flocculose; scape-bracts erect, imbricate, ovate with nar- rowly triangular pectinate-serrate partially deciduous blades. INFLORESCENCE simple, densely cylindric, 12 cm long, 3 cm thick. FLORAL BRACTS erect, ovate, attenuate, pungent, entire, soon gla- brous; flowers erect. SEPALS linear-lanceolate, attenuate, 40 mm long, the lateral alate-carinate; petals ca. 7 cm long, red, 1977 Smith & Read, Notes on Bromeliaceae ILS bases decayed and not seen; stamens exserted. Pl. 4. PERU: PIURA: Huancabamba: Puente Quebrada Seca (Canchaque - Huancabamba), on rocks, 1700 m, 20 July 1975, Sagastegui, Cabani- llas & Dios 8145 (US, holotype; HUT, MO, isotypes). 10. AYENSUA 1. A. UAIPANENSIS (Maguire) L. B. Smith emend. L. B. Smith & R. W. Read. Petalis ellipticis, late rotundatis, cum sepalis vix similibus. Fig. l. J.) bogner, Journ. Bromell. Soe. 25: 215, fig. 1975. VENEZUELA: BOLIVAR: Auyan-tepui, "El Libertador", forming cushions, 2400 m, Bogner 988 (M). Bogner's color photo shows such different sepals and petals that it did not seem possible that it could be the same species as Ayensua uaipanensis. However, comparison of his collection with earlier ones showed that the difference was due to age. In the earlier ones the thin petals had shriveled until they closely resembled the sepals, a condition not previously known in the Bromeliaceae and now happily removed. Fig. 1. Ayensua uaipanensis. Photo J. Bogner (988). 12. DYCKIA léc. D. BURLE-MARXII L. B. Smith & R. W. Read, sp. nov. A D. encholirioide (Gaudichaud) Mez, cui in monographiae clave proxima foliorum spinis maximis, inflorescentiae indumento cinereo, sepa- lis late rotundatis, filamentis alte connatis differt. PLANT flowering over 1.7 m high. LEAF-BLADES very narrowly triangular, over 3 dm long, 15 mm wide, finely pale lepidote be- tween the nerves beneath, soon glabrous and lustrous above except 138 PHY TOL, 0) Gia Vol. 38, no. 2 on the spines, laxly spinose-serrate with curved spines 9 mm long SCAPE over 12 mm in diameter, glabrous at least with age; scape- bracts exceeding the internodes but not imbricate, ovate, the lo- wer with narrowly triangular, obscurely serrulate blades, the up- per attenuate, entire. INFLORESCENCE compound, finely cinereous- tomentose; primary bracts lance-ovate, attenuate, to 5 em long, serrulate or entire; branches suberect, slender, ca. 3 dm long. FLORAL BRACTS broadly ovate, acuminate, nearly equaling the se- pals; pedicels obconic, 3 mm long. SEPALS broadly subelliptic, broadly rounded at apex, 6 mm long, ecarinate, cucullate at an- thesis; petals 8 mm long, orange, the blades spreading, elliptic, broadly rounded, ecarinate; stamens nearly equaling the petals; filaments high-connate and visible above the petal-claws; ovary broadly ovoid; style very short. Pl. 5. BRAZIL: BAHIA: Chapada Diamantina without exact locality, cul- tivated and flowered 15 May 1977, R. Burle Marx s n (HB, holo- type; US, photo). Dyckia burle-marxii comes to D. encholirioides in the key but differs in so many ways that it can scarcely be considered a close relative. However, it seems equally distant from any Bahi- an species when different priorities are given its key characters 103a. DYCKIA PAUCIFLORA L. B. Smith & R. W. Read, sp. nov. A D. paraénsi L. B. Smith, cui affinis, foliis valde brevioribus ecrasse serratis, inflorescentia pauciflora geniculata differt. PLANT flowering 5 dm high. LEAVES densely rosulate; sheaths ample, ca. 15 mm long; blades recurved-spreading, narrowly trian- gular, 6 cm long, 17 mm wide, covered on both sides with appress- ed cinereous scales, becoming glabrous above, laxly serrate with black recurved 3 mm long spines. SCAPE erect, very slender, gla- brous; scape-bracts remote, very small, acuminate or apiculate. INFLORESCENCE simple, very lax, typically 5 cm long and 6-flower- ed, glabrous; axis geniculate. FLORAL BRACTS suborbicular, api- culate, 3 mm long, about equaling the slender pedicels; flowers subspreading. SEPALS broadly elliptic, obtuse, 6 mm long; petals very broadly rounded, 9 mm long, ecarinate, orange; stamens in- cluded; filaments connate above the common tube with the petals; stigmas subsessile. Pl. 6. BRAZIL: GOIAS: Posse vicinity, peak of rock dome, 1 January 1977, Hatschbach 39429 (US, holotype; MBM, isotype); Posse, Rio da Prata, cerrado, 800 m, 9 April 1966, Irwin et al. 14528 (NY, US, paratypes). TILLANDSIOLDEAE (Enumeration of Fl. Neotropica Mon. 14, pt. 2. 1977) 15. VRIESEA 11. V. DUBIA (L. B. Smith) L. B. Smith emend. L. B. Smith & R. W. Read. Inflorescentia usque 4-ramosa, bracteis primariis eis scapi similibus, quam spicis multo brevioribus. PERU: AMAZONAS: Rio Cenapa, ridge above Quebrada Chikisinuk throat, a tributary of Huampami, entering from south about 5 km 1977 Smith & Read, Notes on Bromeliaceae 139 from confluence with Cenepa, 240-270 m, 21 December 1972, Berlin 664 (MO, US); Quebrada Cunup, 240-255 m, 24 July 1974, Kayap 1277 (MO, US). Flora Neotropica No. 14, pt. 2: 1074. 1977 covers the character of compound inflorescence in the key but fails to in the descrip- tion on p. 1097. The above notes serve to rectify the omission and also to add the species to the flora of Peru. 16. GUZMANIA 117a. G. LELLINGERI L. B. Smith & R. W. Read, sp. nov. AG. sprucei (Andre) L. B. Smith, cui affinis, scapo gracili curvato, bracteis florigeris quam sepalis subduplo brevioribus, floribus gracilibus differt. PLANT evidently stemless, flowering 46 em long. LEAVES (in- ner) to 45 cm long, laxly vestite with minute flat brown-centered seales; sheaths elliptic, to 15 cm long, dark castaneous at base; blades ligulate, subacute and apiculate, 18 mm wide. SCAPE slen- der, curved; scape-bracts erect, barely imbricate, ovate, acumi- nate, laxly lepidote. INFLORESCENCE simple, lax, typically 8- flowered, 10 cm long; axis slender, flexuous. FLORAL BRACTS sub- orbicular, apiculate, 30 mm long, reaching about the midpoint of the sepals, thin, reddish orange Cr Lellinger), obscurely lepi- dote at apex; pedicels 10 mm long, nearly as thick as the flower- base; flowers spreading. SEPALS is mn long, glabrous, connate in a slender tube, the free lobes elliptic, obtuse, cucullate, 8 mm long; petal-blades broadly elliptic, 10 mm long, yellow-green outside, pale green inside (! Lellinger); stamens and stigmas in- eluded. Pl. 7. COLOMBIA: CHOCO: Northwest side of Alto del Buey, trail along ridge from the confluence of the forks of the Rio Mutata above the Rio Dos Bocas to the top of Alto del Buey, primary mossy mon- tane forest, 1450-1750 m, 9 February 1971, Lellinger & De la Sota e241 (US, holotype). BROMELIOI DEAE ARAEOCOCCUS A. ALVIMII L. B. Smith & R. W. Read, sp. nov. Ab omnibus spe- ciebus adhuc cognitis sepalorum tubo magno, ovario alato-costato differt. PLANT stemless, spreading by stout rhizomes, flowering 55 cm high. LEAVES few in a crateriform rosette, 3-4 dm long, laxly and minutely appressed-lepidote; sheaths elliptic, the inner to 15 cm long; blades ligulate, rounded and apiculate, narrowed and bearing a broad pale median channel toward base, 5 cm wide, laxly and minutely serrulate. SCAPE erect, slender, about equaling the leaf-sheaths, glabrous; scape-bracts not seen, probably like the primary bracts. INFLORESCENCE laxly tripinnate, glabrous; pri- mary bracts lanceolate, acute, 5 cm long, membranaceous; branches elongate, nearly straight, very slender. FLORAL BRACTS suborbi- 1h0 tel tel BA Mb e(0) sO ey ae IN Vol. 38, mose cular, apiculate, 1.5 mm long, membranaceous, brown; flowers sessile, barely more than 2-ranked, spreading. SEPALS connate in a subcylindric 2.5 mm long green tube, the free lobes ca. 3 mm long including the large lateral wing exceeding the midnerve, stramineous when dry and contrasting strongly with the tube; pe- tals unguiculate with a small suborbicular blade, white, appar- ently naked; stamens and style included; ovary subcylindric, 3- 3-5 mm long, alate-costate; epigynous tube very short; placenta apical; ovules 3-4 in each locule. Pl. 8. BRAZIL: BAHTA: Along road to Pau Brasil between Camaca and Rio Pardo crossing, in woods with Cryptanthus beuckeri, Billbergia fosteriana, Aechmea depressa, Bertolonia sp., Bactris sp. and Geonoma sp., 20 January 1975, Read & Daniels 3560 (US, holotype, CEPEC, isotype). 2 This species is named in honor of Dr. Paulo de Tarso Alvin, Scientific Director of CEPLAC, Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau, Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil, in appreciation of his high regard for and encouragement of botanical research in Brazil. His gracious assistance to Drs. Read and Daniels during their visit to Bahia in February 1975 is sincerely appreciated. Araeococcus alvimii is a good illustration of the state of generic confusion in the Bromelioideae. In its unarmed sepals and alate-costate ovary it resembles Aechmea subgenus Lampro- coccus but no scales can be found on its petals. With its naked petals it falls between Araeococcus and Streptocalyx. The sepals are too long for Araeoccus if the calyx-tube is included, but the habit and small number of ovules fit well. Therefore we have arbitrarily assigned the species and thereby enlarged the generic concept to include the presence of a calyx-tube but with the size limit applying to the free lobes alone. FLORA NEOTROPICA, Monograph No. 14, [Part 1], Pitcairnioideae, October 14, 1974. L. B. Smith & R. J. Downs. Errata: As opportunity offers we plan to note errata in this and suc- ceeding parts of the monograph so that users may annotate their copies accordingly. P. 66. After Pirst heading "11" read: "8. Pitcairnia”. P. 79. After “1. Puya ultima...," read: “Eigpeilee After "2. Puya longisepala...," read: "Fig. 18". After "3. Puya roezlii...," read: "Fig. 18". P. 254. Should read: "15. Leaves dimorphic...' "15. Leaves trimorphic...' P. 259. Under Subkey V the second "10" heading should read: "10. Inflorescence dense throughout.” P. 261. Under Subkey at end of heading "1" add: "and P. abundans in Mexico.” P. 265. In 3. Pitcairnia wurdackii, line 8 of the description after "pedicels" add: "to much shorter”. 1 ! United States National Museum, Washington, D. C., U. S. A. 1977 Smith & Read, Notes on Bromeliaceae Plate 1 MS. 2820371 NATIONAL HERBARIUM Pitcairnia quesnelioides L. B. Smith emend. Smith & Read 12 2820379 ATIONAL HERBARIUM P Bey Oeb.0 Gaiek Plate 2 Pitcairnia serrulata Smith & Read Vol. 38, mowe PLANTS OF PERU Department of Amazonas LACEA 1977 Smith & Read, Notes on Bromeliaceae 1h3 Plate 3 INIPA Piteairnia kirkbridei Smith & Read 1h) PHY 200 Gee Vol. 38, no. 2 Plate 4 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE TRUJILLO PEO ARIOM THRONES Cee) FLORA PERUANA nie N Ha UNITEO ST yee Procedenci p Opto, “ivre 9QO)- 2820384 AT A Fecha ’ Le A A No NATIONAL HERBARIUM eg Piteairnia sagasteguii Smith & Read 1977 Smith & Read, Notes on Bromeliaceae Plate 5 Dyckia burle-marxii Smith & Read 145 146 ol Oh ies Ske Ml 2 LS ae Vol. 38, no. 2 Plate 6 e) 5 pee CMS. — Prefeiture Municipal de Curitiba ( MUSEU BOTANICO MUNICIPAL HERBARIO W.* 4 Nome ulgar = F Nome cientiticr . ra pot SIV es Famiia_ Promeliacgeae i tid WEES Local de coleta 4OMOC@, arredoreis, Uo —— PE Ire ee Color Ge Hatoghbagh 39429 pa I/I/97T Determinador Nate A ~ 2781967 Ovservagoes Vor alaranjada, no topo reshoso de- 27 JOE pequenas colinas. ' W NATIONAL HERBARIUM 7 5 Dyckia pauciflora Smith & Read 1977 UNITED STATES 2826023 Smith & Read, Notes on Bromeliaceae Plate 7 Guzmania lellingeri Smith & Read forest. Elevatior Sracts reddish orange; flowers yell wegreen wtside, pale green tne te. PLANTS OF COLOMBIA 147 lel Bacy, Trasl alo ve fork the Rio Murata of Alto del Bu 1450-1750 m. = C-Ouan on hove the Rio Do "ep iph vee pale 148 Pay oO oG re Vol. 38, no. 2 Plate 8 UNITED STATES ———— 2826022 Araeococcus alvimii Smith & Read THE IDENTITY OF EUPATORIUM FUERTESII (ASTERACEAE) OF HISPANIOLA Harold Robinson Department of Botany Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. Eupatorium fuertesii was named by Urban in 1921 with a comparison to E. sinuatum Lamarck, the latter a shrub with similarly shaped leaves occurringin the Greater Antilles. The character differences of E. fuertesii emphasized by Urban were the alternate leaves with pinnate non-reticulate venation, more acute and multinerved involucral bracts, and albo-violaceous flowers. The shape of the corolla lobes was also given as "Lanceolato-lineares."' The type was cited as "Sta. Domingo in prov. Barahona prope Las Salinas ad ripam Fluminis 100 m. Fl. Sept. Fuertes no. 1394." The type at Berlin is presumed destroyed and the US specimen that agrees in all described features and collection data is here designated as lectotype. Annotations on the lectotype specimen include two initialled by S.F.Blake. The first dated 1929 says "But this spm. is a Vernonia."’ The second dated 1935 says "Mixed labels or a mixed collection presumably." The word isotype on the sheet was crossed-out, perhaps at the time of the second annotation. Blake apparent- ly thought the specimen was so clearly a Vernonia that he could not believe Urban would have named such material as a Eupatorium. A third annotation by Sterling C. Keeley at the University of Georgia dated 1977 says "This is not a Vernonia; appears to be a Eupatorium.'' In evident correlation with this opinion the species is not mentioned in the recent palynolog- ical survey of the West Indian species of Vernonia (Keeley & Jones, 1977). Examination of the lectotype specimen of Eupator- ium fuertesii shows that it has vegetative hairs, Leaf Shape and venation, corolla lobes, anther bases, anther pubescence, endothecial cells, pollen grains, style branches, achene walls and pappus structure of the Vernonieae. The species requires transfer to the genus Vernonia where it takes priority over V. barkeri Ekman ex Urban. = Vernonia fuertesii (Urban) H. Robinson, comb. nov. upatorium fuertesii Urban, Feddes Repert. 17: 9 19 150 Pen yh Orr OrG eer 1921. Syn. Vernonia barkeri Ekman ex Urban, Ark. Bot. 2S CPL) SHO. LoS Literature Keeley, S. C. and S. B. Jones implications of external Vernonia (Compositae) in Bot. 64: 576-584. Unban.) ee 292 hii Seritrm Repert. 17: 6-LL. Cited 1977. Taxonomic pollen morphology to the West Indies. Amer. antillanum X. Feddes Vol. 385 now 2 alts Keys to the Flora of Florida -- 5, Dioscoreaceae Daniel B. Ward Department of Botany, Agricultural Experiment Station University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla. ABSTRACT: An amplified key is presented to the 4 species of Dio- secorea that represent the Dioscoreaceae in Florida. Two native species, D. floridana and D. quaternata, are recognized as distinct from D. villosa, and are characterized as to morphology and range. Diosecorea alata and D. bulbtfera are reported as escaped and natu- ralized. Dtoscorea batatas is excluded. DIOSCOREACEAE R. Br. Yam Family Two native Ditoscorea occur in Florida. The characteristics which distinguish them have been poorly understood, and a clearer understanding requires simultaneous consideration of the other species of Dioscorea native to eastern North America. The indigenous wild yams, from eastern Canada south to Florida and west to Texas, are of a section of Dioscorea otherwise restrict- ed to Asia (R. Knuth, Das Pflanzenr. IV. 43. 171-173. 1924). The relationships of the North American species, if indeed there are more than one, have been subject to wide swings of professional judgment. Many of the characters deemed highly diagnostic by some workers, such as seeds and rhizomes, are often unavailable in her- barium materials, and other investigators have been unwilling to recognize distinctions based on equivocal vegetative morphology. The dioecious habit of the plants further erodes the availability of discriminatory characteristics, with useful features of the male in- florescence and the size and shape of the fruit absent from at least a moiety of specimens. A synopsis of United States Dioscorea has been provided by H. H. Bartlett (U.S. Dept. Agric., Bureau of Plant Ind., Bull. 189. 1910). Although no longer fully current, Bartlett's study has re- mained highly influential in establishing the specific delimitations and morphological characteristics used by recent workers. In many instances this influence is not direct; J. K. Small (Manual of the Southeastern Flora, 1933), by making a paraphrased and highly con- densed version of Bartlett's study readily available, has focused attention on selected portions of Bartlett's data and, perhaps, has tended to obscure the scope of morphological diversity apparent to students of the genus who carry their studies beyond the herbarium. This paper is Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series No. 804. 151 152 PHYETOLOGLs Vol. 38, no. 2 Bartlett recognized five species of Dtoscorea in the eastern United States. He acknowledged two species with the lower inter- nodes suppressed, the associated leaves appearing verticillate. These were D. quaternata J. F. Gmel., a widespread southern species extending into northern Florida, with straight little-forked rhi- zomes, and D. glauca Muhl., a montane species separated by its glaucous leaves and stout often-forked much-contorted rhizomes. This last character was of significance because of the supposedly greater medicinal virtue of rhizomes from the montane plant, a dis-—- crimination slowly eroded during the latter half of the nineteenth century by depletion of the stock of D. glauca and adulteration by rhizomes of other species. Bartlett maintained three species of Dtoscorea in which the lower internodes were of normal length, all leaves being clearly al- ternate. One was the common northern D. villosa L., extending south to Texas as var. glabrifolta (Bartlett) W. Stone. (Bartlett actually employed D. paniculata Michx., a name usually seen as synonymous, following the analysis of S. F. Blake (Rhodora 20:48-49. 1918).) Bartlett's remaining two species, both of his own discovery, were D. hirticaults Bartlett, a pubescent-stemmed plant of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, and D. floritdana Bartlett, from South Carolina to northern Florida. Later authors, at times operating with limited benefit of field experience, have often been unwilling to maintain these species. M. L. Fernald (Rhodora 39:399-402. 1937), unable to see in the herbar- ium the rhizome features described by Bartlett, remarked that he could "find no character of flower or fruit to separate D. glauca," and reduced it to a variety of D. quaternata; he later withdrew rec- ognition altogether. R. Knuth (1924), writing in Germany, recognized only D. vtllosus at the specific level, with the other entities treated as subspecies. H. E. Ahles (Jour. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 80:172. 1964; A. E. Radford et al., Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas, 1968) combined D. quaternata and D. glauca with D. villosa and reduced D. hirticaults and D. flortdana to varietal status. A recent study at Duke University by Shu-Fun Au, unfinished due to the death of its author, tentatively recognized D. hirticaulis and D. floridana but combined all other entities without distinction under D. vtllosa. There remains, however, a body of independent opinion, based on regional but careful field observation, that suggests the finer seg- regation employed by Bartlett more accurately reflects the true sit- uation. E. L. Braun in Ohio (The Vascular Flora of Ohio, 1967), J. A. Steyermark in Missouri (Flora of Missouri, 1963), and most notably C. C. Deam in Indiana (Flora of Indiana, 1940) acknowledge in their respective areas many of the biological entities described by Bart- lett. Not only morphology and range, but habitat preferences, seem to vary among the tentative species. A modern study, with full at- tention to the characteristics observed by Bartlett and these more recent students is greatly to be desired. 1977 Ward, Dioscoreaceae 153 In the absence of such a study, both the species to be recog- nized in Florida and the characters by which they may most effec- tively be separated remain tentative. The two names employed by Bartlett, D. quaternata and D. flortdana, are accepted in the pres- ent analysis. In Florida at least, the living plants they represent are adequately distinguished even when sympatric. Some specimens, particularly of very young plants or those collected late in the season, may be ambiguous, but by-and-large both herbarium specimens and plants examined in the field may be assigned on the basis of several well-correlated characters. Reliance on the male inflores- cence being solitary or fascicled in the leaf axil, a character selected by Bartlett and emphasized by Small and by Ahles, obscures the presence of more consistent and regularly available traits. These are employed in the accompanying key. DIOSCORA L. Yams 1. Aerial tubers absent; leaves moderate-sized, seldom reaching 15 cm. in length (including petiole); stems twining upward to the left. 2. Lowest internodes of stem absent or greatly shortened (on mature plants), the lowest 4 - 7 leaves thus appearing whorled; distal end of petiole and adjacent lower ribs papillose to puberulent; inflorescences in median axils, seldom extending to stem apex, the subtending leaves not reduced; male inflo- rescence usually a solitary panicle; perianth parts yellow with conspicuous sharply-defined glandular orange dots; low climbing vine from long slender rhizome; river banks and floodplains, moist hammocks, infrequent; north Florida, Escam- bia. County east to Alachua County. April - May. WILD YAM. D. quaternata J. F. Gmel. 2. Lowest internodes of stem normally elongate, all leaves thus alternate; petioles and blades wholly glabrous; inflorescences in median or upper axils, the upper subtending leaves often reduced; male inflorescence usually of one large and one or more smaller secondary panicles in each leaf axil; perianth parts yellow without orange dots or with poorly defined orange blotches; low climbing vine from elongate cord-like rhizome; moist to dry hammocks, uncommon; north Florida, from the Apa- lachicola River (Jackson and Calhoun counties), east to Duval County, and south along the Gulf Coast to Hernando County (Chinsegut Hill). June - July. WILD YAM. D. floridana Bartlett 1. Aerial tubers present; leaves large, often 15 - 20 cm. or more in length (including petiole); stems twining either to left or right. 15) PHY T'O:L 0G TA Vol. 38, no. 2 3. Stems twining upward to the left (visible even in short sec- tions as twisting of the surface markings); leaves alternate; leaf blades broadly cordate with rounded lobes; aerial tubers subspherical, smooth-surfaced, potato-like, to 12 x 10 cm.; vigorous high-climbing vine from perennial fleshy roots; cul- tivated and now becoming extensively naturalized, peninsular Florida. [A variable species, some forms of which in tropical areas provide both aerial tubers and fleshy roots suitable for food. The strain found in Florida bears aerial bulblets that remain nauseous and inedible even after repeated boiling and washing. ] AIR-POTATO. D. bulbifera L. 3. Stems twining upward to right; leaves opposite; leaf blades narrowly cordate with angular often truncated lobes; aerial tubers elongate, rough-surfaced with soft-fleshy protuber- ances, to 10 x 3 cm.; vigorous vine from massive perennial edible roots; cultivated and sparingly escaped, Escambia, Leon, Alachua, Lee, Dade counties and elsewhere. October. WHITE YAM. D. alata L. Excluded Species Dioscorea batatas Decne. Cinnamon Vine. An Asiatic species often grown in the North as an ornamental vine. In Florida it does not thrive and has not escaped. Small aerial tubers (1 - 1.5 cm. dia.) are borne in the axils of the panduriform leaves. BOOK REVIEWS Alma L. Moldenke NAQUATIC AND WETLAND PLANTS OF SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES" Volumes I & II by Donovan S. Correll & Helen B. Correll, xv & 1777 pp. 789 b/w illus., Stanford University Press, Stanford, Califor- nia 94305. 1975. $37.50 for the 2-volume set. Fortunately because the demand exceeded the limited supply of this excellent study as first published under the aegis of the Environmental Protection Agency in 1972, it has been reissued in much improved format by the Stanford University Press. It is a well prepared manual augmented by some ecological notes, with effective descriptions, readily workable keys, many- parted clear-cut illustrative figures for the ferns and flowering plants dwelling in water, seasonally wet places or rooted within the water table in Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas and con= tiguous similar areas. The authors' preface stresses the "serious concern over the potentially inadequate water resources of south- western United States and the factors that affect them", "higher plant life in the ecosystems of our lakes, ponds, streams, marshes, swamps, bogs and wetlands", "the kinds and types of pollution that are to be expected or that actually exist in most of the habitats that we studied", the need for prevention new pollution and for remedying methodically and persistently the present pollu- ters and pollutants, and for inculcating a lasting appreciation of nature by "teaching natural history in our schools, starting with kindergarten and carrying the program through the senior year in college", “THE WORLD YOU NEVER SEE: INSECT LIFE" by Theodore Rowland- Entwistle in conjunction with Oxford Scientific Films Limi- ted, 129 pp., 290 c. illus., Rand McNally & Company, San Francisco, Chicago or Skokie & New York, N. Y. 10022. 1976. $9.95 oversize. What a strikingly beautiful, colorful and stimulating survey of the insect creatures in so many niches in this world! The text is not just superficial paragraphs explaining the gorgeously colored illustrations but rather well developed pertinent entomological material. There are chapters on insects as arthropods and as order members, on reproduction and development, on food, senses and flight, on defense and concealment, on the social insects, and on pollen and disease vectoring and insect control. The heavy large- bodied, small-winged bumblebee's easy flight abilities are ex- plained aerodynamically more efficiently than in many full texts. 155 156 P EY eh iO sh OlG ora Vol. 38, no. 2 "THE THOMPSON BEGONIA GUIDE" Second Edition Volume III by Mildred Thompson & Edward J. Thompson, 373 pp., ca. 600 b/w illus,, published by Edward J. Thompson, Southampton, N. Y. 11968. 1977. $25.00 looseleaf, large-ringed vinyl hard cover. This volume is devoted to Begonia culture under fluorescence and/or sunlight outdoors, indoors home or greenhouse for beginners at the hobby through advanced growers and collectors. "Additional background information is also included to entice the interested grower into learning more of the history, background, and descrip= tion of each begonia". There are over 1800 different species and cultivars grown today of which the authors claim B. foliosa H.B.K. as their favorite of favorites. General culture includes (. re en=- vironmental conditions of light, temperature and humidity, ( ) pot- ting and grooming, (3) watering and fertilizing, (l) disease and pest prevention and (5) treatment for the horticulturally classi- fied cane, shrub, thick-stemmed, semperflorens, scandent, and rhi- zome categories. There are a few pages by Belva Nelson Kusler on actual hybridization. Might not some delicate plastic bagging in early stages before pollen receptivity be a surer method for known paternity than isolating the whole plant? Mrs. Kunsler reminds us about the need to keep records, such as photographs, as vouchers for parents and offspring. There is a pictorial review of about 375 photographs of begonia plants grounved according to their horticultural type, mostly made by the authors. There is a detailed bibliography. The authors! knowledge of botanical, taxonomic and worldwide horticultural lit- erature has been growing as surely as their begonias. The authors send out revised and additional pages to be inser- ted into Volumes I, II or III as new information becomes available as part of the purchase. They also publish "The Twiglette" of the Hampton Branch of the American Begonia Society. "MOLECULAR EVOLUTION AND THE ORIGIN OF LIFE" by Sidney W. Fox & Klaus Dose, xi & 359 pp., lc & 76 b/w figs. & 66 b/w tables as illus., W. H. Freeman & Company, San Francisco, California 9,104. 1972. 416.00. Several views on cosmology (Lemaitre, Kuiper & Gamow's "big bang", Alfvén's modificationinto collisions of matter and anti- matter, Hoyle's steady-state) and the evolution of the elements from hydrogen are evaluated. "The model of primordial events converting micromolecules to macromolecules to organized systems shows that these processes were very probably rugged, simple, and fast, and that they occurred frequently on the earth". This constructionist approach is presented without a breadth of alter-— natives. "A mature theory of molecular evolution and the origin of life....will have demonstrated how the primitive molecules and systems could have originated, and it will have provided the ex- 1977 Moldenke, Book reviews 157 planation for how these molecules and systems evolved to the con- temporary". This is a well earned appraisal of the authors! ow studies centered in the Institute of Molecular Evolution at the University of Miami. "PRACTICAL INSECT PEST MANAGEMENT: A Self-Instruction Manual" by Theo F. Watson, Leon Moore & George W. Ware, xvi & 196 pp., 25 b/w figures & 12 b/w tables, W. H. Freeman & Company, Reading, England RGl 3AA, & San Francisco, California 910). 1976. $5.95 paperbound. This "self-teaching guide for agricultural fieldmen, pesticide salesmen, county agricultural agents, high school and college students.....and those preparing for federal or state certifica- tion and licensing in the field of pesticide usage" explains the need for ecologically safe insect and mite crop pest management. Its practical components and potential controls (as microbial, viral, pheromonic, chemosterilants and growth regulators) are de- scribed. An appendix with common and scientific names of the pests, a glossary and an index are all directionally helpful. The ques- tion-answer feature is direct and catechetical. "ECOLOGY, EVOLUTION, AND POPULATION BIOLOGY: Readings from 'Sci- entific American'" introduced and compiled by Edward 0. Wilson, viii & 319 pp., 130 c & 130 b/w illus,, W. H. Free- man & Company, San Francisco, California 910). 197). $12.00 clothbound & $5.95 paperbound. Each of the 3 papers is fine or excellent. Each is illustra- ted impressively and helpfully in the recognized style admired in "Scientific American" articles. Each is grouped into one of the following topics: (1) The Evolutionary Process, e.g. sickle cells, (2) The Multiplication and Dispersal of Species, e.g. Dar- win's finches and desert pupfish, (3) The Growth and Interaction of Populations, e.g. aerial migration of insects and symbiosis and evolution and () Ecosystems, e.g. ecology of fire and trace- element deserts. This book provides stimulating reading for beginning and more advanced biology students, teachers and interested general read- ers. "PLANT PATHOLOGY AND PLANT PATHOGENS" by C. H. Dickinson & J. A. Lucas, Basic Microbiology Series Volume 6, x & 161 pp., 7h b/w figures & 17 b/w tables as illus., Halsted Press of John Wiley & Sons, Toronto & New York, N. Y. 10016. 1977. $9.75 paperbound. "Our aim in this book is to provide a balanced treatment of 158 P XT Oi OoGrT A Vol. 38, no. 2 all aspects of disease caused by microbial agents". This short survey is clearly written, well illustrated, and useful original import from Britain making it a fine slightly different presenta- tion ior our U.S.A. students. It stresses the host-pathogen in- teraction at the (1) population, (2) whole plant, (3) cellular and (l) molecular levels, compatibility, disease control and vec- tors. Transmission via "pollen offers a potentially idea] route for virus spread because it is widely dispersed and the virus is never exposed to the external environment". There is an annotated list of pathogens and their diseases in crops as well as additional bibliography and an index. "MARINE ALGAE OF CALIFORNIA" by Isabella A. Abbott & Ceorge J. Hollenberg, xii & 827 pp., 699 fig., 7 maps, 8 photos as b/w illus., Stanford University Press, Stanford, California 94305. 1976. $22.50. This excellent manual describes 669 benthic macroscopic species accessible through a workable master key to genera and illustrated by 891 neat line drawings. Keys to the species are in the body of the text which also gives habitat, tidal range and geographic distribution. The introduction explains "field" techniqes for students and is followed by "Landmarks in Pacific North American Marine Phycology" by Seorge F. Papenfuss, a fascinating account of the early collectors and their expeditions. "RECENT ADVANCES IN AQUATIC MYCOLOGY" edited by E. B. Gareth Jones, vii & 749 pp., 106 tab. & 375 fig. as b/w illus., Halsted Press of John Wiley & Sons, New York, N. Y. 10016. 1976. $9.50. This rich compendium of 27 papers brings "information on freshwater and marine fungi together in one volume" and reviews recent work "to evaluate the available information and to high- light areas requiring further study. A wide spectrum of topics are reviewed, such as morphology, ultrastructures, spore cyto- chemistry, systematics, physiology, ecology, as well as more specialized aspects, fo example: oil degredation, sewage fungi, protein production by aquatic fungi, fungal diseases of animals and the role of fungi in the breakdown of vesticides." College and university students in several related areas and technicians in environmental programs involving lakes, rivers and ocean shores should find these papers sources of valuable infor- mation. 1977 Moldenke, Book reviews 159 "WILD FLOWERS OF THE PACIFIC NOXTHWEST — from Alaska to Northern California" by Lewis J. Clark & edited by John G. Trelawny, xi & 60h pp., 600 color photos, 1 b/w map, « 10 groups of b/w line drawings in the glossary as illus., Gray's Publish- ing Ltd., Sidney, British Columbia, Canada & Superior Pub- lishing Company Inc., Seattle, Washington 98111. 1976. £19.95. Beautiful! Just beautiful! This expensive book is well worth the price. What a sift to tender or to receive! The color photographs are gorgeously printed, clearly and at- tractively illustrative of the plants, with magnifications marked, text references recorded, and quite true for color throughout. I have seen upon a few occasions heads of Cichorium intybus with the lavender hue shown on p. 550 rather than the typical cerulean blue described on p. 537. The text treats "about 50 percent of the species of shrubby and herbaceous flowering plants known to occur in our area", ex- cluding trees (which are often mentioned) and glumaceous plants. The brief descriptions are accurate and enlivened often with the author's erudition in reference to the history of individual plant names and relevant organic chemistry. Dr. Lewis J. Clark, through this book, leaves a wonderful legacy to all who view or study it of his interests in photocraphy and the beautiful plant treasures of the out-of-doors. He died shortly after the book was published. In preparing a work such as this, which has considerable botanical value, scientific plant names should consistently be italicized. "A FIELD GUIDE TO THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-EAST ASIA, Covering Burma, Malaya, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos and Hong Kong" by Ben F. King & Edward C. Dickinson, 80 pp., 2 maps, 627 ¢ & LSS b/w illus., Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston or Burling- ton, Massachusetts 01803. 1975. 17.50. This book, in the International Series, covers all 1198 spe- cies recorded for this area and is useful within expected limi- tations for peripheral areas. For each kind there are given: common and scientific names, identification by size, sex, plumage, call, range, altitude in S. #&. Asia, residency or migration pat- terns and habitat in carefully prepared field guide pattern. "The Peterson System of diagnostic arrows [lines] is used in the illustrations to indicate at a glance the key field marks". Our only regret about this book is that it was not available three years earlier when we were in some of this area in search of plants. 160 PHY TOLOGDIA Vol. 28, no. 2 "VASCULAR PLANTS OF ERITISH COLUMBIA -— A Descriptive Resource In= ventory" by Roy L. Taylor & Bruce MacBryde, xxiv & 75h pp., 1 colored 12-zoned biogeoclimatic map, b/w tab. and 2 b/w fig. as illus., University of British Columbia Press, Van- couver, B. C., Canada V6T 1W5. 1977. $28.00 paperbound. For each of the 3,137 taxa from Adiantum capillaris L. to Zostera marina L. a tremendous amount of information has been printed out by computer, more than could be culled from any de- tailed mammal, including chromosome numbers (base and somatic), economic importance, endangered status, etc., with spaces left to be "fed into" as additional data become available. Such in- formation surpasses the interests of taxonomic botanists to in- clude resource managers and planners of development. Both authors of this volume were "deeply involved in the Flora of North America Project until it lost its financial backing. They then printed the botanical information of their area accord= ing to the guide lines of the Flora of North America Project. They expect it to be followed by an illustrated, keyed field guide and then a multi-volume detailed flora, along with a major gene pool resource of native vascular plants. Assuredly Taylor and MacBryde have shown that the Flora of North America Project would be worthy of revival. Could not mich of the incomplete North America flora manuscripts, partial and complete, in the files of many of our botany departments and botanical gardens be "fed" into FNA, if revived? "A MANUAL OF RADIOBIOLOGY" by John C. Stewart & David M. Haw- croft, xi & 202 pp., 25 b/w fig., 6 b/w tab. in appendices, University of Washington Press, Seattle, Washington 98105. 1977. $30.00. Both authors are associated with the Department of Biologi- cal Sciences, Lanchester Polytechnic in Coventry. Section A of this book provides "a theoretical grounding for degree students from which they may progress to more advanced texts" and for the "larger number of students who are on courses of a non-specialist nature and in which radiobiology is a relatively small component". Section B plans experiments "to illustrate the different uses of radio-isotopes in various branches of biology". Plants are the usual "guinea pigs" to avoid licensing in such experiments as Calvin cycling with ' C0» or absorption of ®**P by yeast. Rate determinations can be done by Geiger-Muller systems or a scintil- lation counter for better results or by autoradiography. There is an important chapter on safety precautions. The price of this simply printed book seems inordinately high. Surely it does not contain any expensive isotypes! PHY TOLOGIA Designed to expedite botanical publication Vol. 38 January 1978 No. 3 CONTENTS GLASSMAN, S. F., Preliminary taxonomic studies in the palm genus RT BESIE FIER IIET lee 035 GUS, 2 ety am nd tay ahah ate whieh Meaulel Bes 161 BEETLE, A. A., Noteworthy grasses from Mexico VI.............. 13 GUZMAN MBIIA, R., Redescubrimiento de Zea perennis (Gramineae) .. 177 MOLDENKE, H. N., Notes on new and noteworthy plants. CVI ...... 178 MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the Eriocaulaceae. LXXX .... 178 MAGUIRE, B., Notes on the Clusiaceae—chiefly of Panama. II DWYER, J. D., Coussarea curvigemmia Dwyer (Rubiaceae) GOLDING, J., Corrections to “The nomenclature of the genus Begonia”. 216 STEYERMARK, J. A., A new Dulacia from Venezuela............. 2417 WUNDERLIN, R. P., New combinations and taxa in Cucurbitaceae..... 219 ML. OOK TEVICWS i. aa fe idee ow ow ek ele a ee ee 222 Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 303 Parkside Road Plainfield, New Jersey 07060 USA. oF Price of this number $1.50; per volume $9.75 in advance or $10.50 after close of the volume; 75 cents extra to all foreign addresses; 512 pages constitute a volume; claims for numbers lost in the mails must be made immediately after receipt of the next following number. PRELIMINARY TAXONOMIC STUDIES IN THE PALM GENUS MAXIMILIANA MART. S. F. Glassman Professor of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago Circle, and Research Associate in Palms, Field Museum, Chicago. The genus Maximiliana was erected by Martius (1824). No species were described in this article, but in 1826 he estab- lished M. regia and M. insignis, and in 1844, M. crassispatha. Other taxa of Maximiliana were described or transferred from other genera to Maximiliana by Karsten (1857), Grisebach and Wendland (1864), Spruce (1871), Barbosa Rodrigues (1875, 1891), Wendland (1878), Drude (1881), and Burret (1929). Kuntze (1891) established the genus Englerophoenix as a new name for Maximiliana Mart. 1824 which was published as a homo- nym for Maximilianea Mart. in Schrank, 1819 (Cochlospermaceae). Maximiliana Mart. 1824 was later given conserved name status (see Stafleu et al, 1972), nevertheless some authors (Barbosa Rodrigues, 1903 and Bondar 1938, unpubl. ms.) still considered Englerophoenix as a distinct genus from Maximi- liana. Drude (1881) divided Maximiliana into section Eumaximiliana (including M. maripa and M. regia) and section Scheelea (in- cluding M. insignis and M. tetrasticha), based on whether the stamens were longer or shorter than the petals of the male flowers. In other words, Drude did not recognize Scheelea as a distinct genus. Barbosa Rodrigues (1903) recognized two sections ( Inaya and Inayay ) under Englerophoenix, based mainly on the presence or absence of trunks. The most exten- sive study of Maximiliana was by Burret (1929) in which he also treated Attalea, Orbignya and Scheelea in the same arti- cle. He keyed out nine species of Maximiliana in two sections, Exanthera and Cryptanthera, distinguished by having anthers extending considerably beyond the petals of the flower rather than anthers included in the petals or scarcely longer than the petals. At the same time, he rejected the two sections of Barbosa Rodrigues because they did not indicate a natural re- lationship. Burret believed that the ratio of the length of the stamens to the petals was not important a distinguishing characteristic as the germ pore of the endocarp having an operculum and the endocarp lacking fibers. Ina key to the Cocoideae, Burret (1953) distinguished Maximiliana from Attalea, Scheelea (and Orbignya) by the endocarp being thin *This research has been supported by NSF grant BMS 75 09779. 161 162 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 3 rather than thick at the location of the embryo pore, embryo pore covered with an operculum v.s. no operculum, mesocarp with very thin rather than coarse fibers, and endocarp lack- ing fibers rather than presence of fibers. Wessels Boer (1965, 1972) treated all species of Maximiliana, as well as other closely related genera (Attalea, Orbigyua, Scheelea, Parascheelea and Markleya), as part of the genus Attalea, sensu lato. Glassman (1977a, 1977b, 1977c) published preliminary taxonomic studies of the above genera, and also included a discussion and key to all six genera in the first article (1977a). As previously mentioned in my three articles above, taxonomic studies in the Attalea complex is a difficult undertaking because type specimens are frequently fragmentary or lacking, few additional collections have been made for a number of species, and because descriptions and illustrations for a number of taxa are inadequate for detailed monographic studies. The following is a description of the genus Maximiliana: Trees with upright or decumbent trunks, 5-24 m tall and 0.3- 1 m in diam., trunks mostly smooth and with obscure leaf scars; leaves usually very long (averaging 5-10 m), pinnately compound, leaf base (sheath) and petiole frequently not clear- ly separated, 1.5-3 m long, petiole with fibrous margins, ra- chis 3.5-7 m long, with 140-260 pairs of pinnae; middle pin- nae mostly in clusters of 2-5; plants monoecious, flowers uni- sexual, both male and androgynous spathes woody and deeply sulcate, usually terminating in a fairly long umbo; andro- gynous spadices usually with many rachillae, each rachilla with 3-12 female flowers along basal part forming triads with two male flowers, the terminal part becoming slender, bearing only male flowers which are frequently sterile; female flowers 2.0-3.5 cm long, subtended by two bracts, with 3 subequal or equal convex imbricate sepals and 3 similar petals, pistil with a well developed staminodial ring surrounding the ovary, carpels 3, fused, stigmas 3, style short or absent; male spadices with numerous rachillae, male flowers usually spi- rally arranged around rachillae; male flowers with 3 very short sepals, 3 longer petals which are more or less flattened, 3-8 mm long, stamens always 6, usually exserted from petals, filaments 3-4 mm long, anthers straight, 5-10 mm long; fruits ovoid-oblong with a long terminal beak, 5-8 cm long and 2-3 cm in diam, 1-3 seeded, exocarp coarsely fibrous, mesocarp mostly pulpy, with occasional fibers, endocarp stony, usually more than twice as thick as exocarp and mesocarp combined, fiber clusters usually absent or with few scattered fibers, persistent perianth and staminodial ring enlarged in fruit, seeds conforming to size and shape of locules, germ pores with superficial lids (opercula), not covered by fibers. 1978 Glassman, The palm gems Maximiliana 163 A total of 16 species have been described or transferred un- der the name Maximiliana. Of this number, I am only recog- nizing 2 "good" species (including 7 reduced to synonymy), 5 taxa belong to other genera (excluded species), and the re- maining 2 taxa are considered to be a confused species and a nomen nudum. The following key is based on specimens examined plus descrip- tions and illustrations. Subsequent to the species key, each of the three categories of species mentioned above are ar- ranged alphabetically with the author and original place of publication. Sometimes, other pertinent articles are also listed. Complete citations of most of these plus other ar- ticles mentioned in the text are listed under LITERATURE CITED at the end. Pertinent synonyms are also listed. The type of each species, when known, is listed and is then followed by a list of cited specimens examined by the author. Holotypes, isotypes and lectotypes are specifically listed as such; how- ever, when its status is uncertain it is merely called "type". For each specimen, collector's name and collecting number is followed by a symbol of the herbarium where the coliection is deposited. Abbreviations of herbaria used here are those listed in "Index Herbariorum" by Holmgren and Keuken (1974). Key to Species of Maximiliana 1. Petals of male flowers 2-7 mm long, anthers 7-10 mm LONG. cesecscccccccesccccccccccevcsccccesscese M. martiana 1. Petals of male flowers 7-8 mm long, anthers 3.5-7mm LONG. . cee eee ccec reece ececceeceseececcesee eM. macropetala MAXIMILIANA Mart., Palm Fam. 20, 1824 (conserved name). Maxi- milianea Mart, #n Schrank, Flora 2: 452. 1819 (Cochlo- spermaceae). aximiliana sect. Eumaximiliana Drude, 1881; sect. Exanthera Burret and sect. Cryptanthera Burret, 1929; Englerophoenix Kuntze, 1891, 1898; Englero- phoenix sect. Inaya Barb. Rodr. and sect. Inayay Barb. Rodr., 1903. List of Species M. macropetala Burret, Notizbl. 10: 699, 1929; Attalea macro- petala (Burret) Wessels Boer, Indig. Palms Surname 155. 1965. Holotype: Venezuelan Guiana: Rosalia (Passarge 63-B, destroyed). Specimens examined: Doubtful. Surinam, Paloemeu R. near confluence with Tapanahony R., in forest, Wessels Boer 1330 (U).; Coppename R., above Bolletrie Fall, loamy sand overhanging water, Wessels Boer 1371 (U). 164 PEYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 3 Vernacular names: Baba Maripa (Surinam); Cucurito, Palma de Agua (Venezuela). Distribution: Venezuela and Surinam Burret's original description was based mainly on two rachillae with male flowers. The stamens were described as being slight- ly longer than the petals. Wessels Boer (1965) cited the two Surinam specimens above as belonging to M. macropetala. Wessels Boer 1371 has stamens longer than the petals which are flattened, whereas 1330 has stamens shorter than the petals which are plano-convex and fleshy. In fact, Wessels Boer said this species is intermediate between Scheelea and Maximiliana, because of the relative size of the stamens and petals. In 1972 (unpublished ms.), Wessels Boer could not correlate any Venezuelan collections with Burret's original description of M. macropetala. He said that the two collections from Surinam (cited above) were arbitrarily identified with this taxon, but that some doubt still remained about their identification. It is my opinion that Wessels Boer 1371 probably belongs to this species because the male flowers match Burret's descrip- tion fairly closely; but 1330 should probably be excluded be- cause the male flowers are closer to a species of Scheelea. Perhaps, M. macropetala should be relegated to species dubium because of the absence of a type specimen and because of an inadequate description based almost entirely on male flowers and rachillae. I prefer to delay that decision, however, in the hope that additional collections eventually will be made from the type locality. M. ee Karsten, Linnaea 28: 273. 1857. regia Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 2: 132, t. 9i-935, LaZas Wieee t. 47, 1853; Dahlgren, pl. 326-327. 1959; homo- nym for M. regia Mart. in Schrank, 1819. Englerophoenix regia (Mart.), Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Plant. 2: 728. 18915 Attalea regia (Mart.) Wessels Boer, Indig. Palms Suriname. 50 E965 Lectotype: Brazil, prov. Maranon and Parad (Martius s.n. -M) c.f. Dahlgren, pl. 327. 1959. M. elegans Karsten, Linnaea 28: 271. 1857; Dugand, Caldasia 2: 451-454, 4 figs. 1944; 1955. Type: Flat, humid forest regions of Orinoco and conflu- ence of Maranon (no specimens cited). M. caribaea Griseb. and Wendl. ex Griseb., Fl. Brit. West Ind. 522, 1864; Englerophoenix caribaea (Griseb. and Wendl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Plant. 2: 728. 1891. Type: Trinidad (Crueger-K destroyed?). M. maripa (Correa de Serra) Drude, Mart. Fl. Bras. 3: 452, t. 104. 1881; Palma maripa Correa de Serra, Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 8: 75. 1806: Attalea maripa (Correa de Serra) Mart., Palmet. Orbign. 123. 1844; t. 167, fig. 3. 1978 Glassman, The palm genus Maximiliana 165 1845; Englerophoenix maripa (Correa de Serra) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 728. 1891. Type: French Guiana (no specimens cited). M. longirostrata Barb. Rodr., Vellosia 1 ed. 2: 112, t. 2. 1891; Englerophoenix longirostrata (Barb. Rodr.) Barb. Rodr., Sert. Palm. Bras. 1: 77, t. 60B. 1903. Lectotype: Brazil, Manaos (t. 2, 1891). M. macrogyne Burret, Notizbl. 10: 692. 1929. Holotype: Brazil, Maranh@o, by Tury-assu, Capoeira (Snethlage 279-B, destroyed) M. stenocarpa Burret, Notizbl. 10: 696. 1929. Holotype: Peru, Upper Amazon, Iquitos (Tessmann 5081-B, destroyed); lectotype: (Tessmann 5081-NY). Specimens examined: Brazil, prov. Maranon and Para, Martius s.n. (M, lectotype of M. martiana); Parad, Martius S.n. (M) ; Pard, Souza, Belem, Dahlgren sen. (F- 619728); Rio Guama, near Belém, Dahlgren and Sella 699 (F); Sao Luiz, Dahlgren s.n. (F-615319); Sao Luiz, Tapajoz, cle KuhImann 1918 (RB); state of Amazonas, municip. of Humayta, betw. Rio Livramento and Rio Ipixuna, Krukoff 7065 (A, BR, F, G, NY); Amazonas, secon! growth, 18 km Machado, Angustura, lowland of Terra Firma, Krukoff 1601 (F-620733), 1602 (F-620734). British Guiana, Corentyne R., Jenman 527 (NY). French Guiana, 1819-1821, M. Poiteau s.n. (G). Surinam, S. of Paramaribo, along road to Zanderij, Wessels Boer 288 (U); Arrawara Monding, Wessels Boer 345, 347 (U);.Attobaka, Wessels Boer 357 (U); Palo- emeu R., near confl. with Tapanohony R., Wessels Boer 1329 (U). Venezuela, Terr. Amazonas, along road from Puerto Ayacucho to Sanariapo, savannas, Wessels Boer 1920 (U); Cerro Duida, along Cano Negro, forest at base of slopes, Steyermark 58064 (F); Estado Monagas, Reserva Forestal de Guarapiche, rain forest, Wessels Boer 1821 (U); Est. Bolivar, San Mateo, Bajo Paragua, L. Williams 12816 (F); at bags of Altiplanicie de Nuria, ~ Steyermark 88912 (NY); Lower Orinoco, Catalina, Rusby and Squires 413 (A, F, G. GH, NY). Colombia, Prov. Bogota, Villa- vicencio, Triana 734 (P)}; Triana 1776-1 (COL); Vaupes, Mitu, interior forest, Cuatrecasas 6941 (COL); Comisaria del Caqueta, Florencia, en los cerros La Estrella, Cuatrecasas 8870 (COL). Peru, upper Amazon, Iquitos, Tessmann 5081 (NY, lectotype of M. stenocarpa); Iquitos, Tessmann 5078 (B). Trinidad, Teteron Bay, wooded hill- side, Britton 494 (GH, NY, US). CULTIVATED: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Quinta de Sao Christovao, Glazionw 10112 (P); Jardim Botanico, Rio de Janeiro, Dahlgren s.n. (F-611654); Museu Goeldi, Belém, Dahlgren s. n. (F-620812); 166 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 3 British Guiana, Georgetown Botanic Gardens, Dahlgren s.n. (F-610617, F-610752, F-610841); Singapore, Botanic Garden, C. X. Furtado s.n. (NY). Vernacular names: Inaja, Cocorito, Pirina (Brazil); Maripa, Kokelite, Koeroeliti (Guianas and Surinam) ; Guajo, Guichire, Huichire, Indaya (Colombia); Inayuca (Peru); Cucurito (Venezuela). Distribution: Mostly in wet forests and savannas, especially in the Amazon region, of Brazil, Guianas, Surinam, Venezuela, Colombia and Peru. Maximiliana martiana was published by Karsten as a new name to replace M. regia Mart., 1826, a homonym for M. regia Mart., 1819. No specimens were cited by Martius (1826), but he listed the following locality data for Brazil: Prov. Marag- naniensis et Paraensis. The above cited specimen figured in plate 327 of Dahlgren (1959), was chosen as the lectotype (contains male rachillae and male flowers) because both Mara- fon and Parad are inscribed on the label; whereas in the spe- cimen figured in plate 326 (leaf material only), only Para is written on the label. Burret (1929) recognized M. elegans, M. maripa, M. longiro- strata, M. macrogyne, M. regia, and M. stenocarpa as separate taxa, but M. caribaea was reduced to synonymy. He distin- guished the above species by the following key: 1. Filaments somewhat shorter than the petals, anthers 1/3 to 1/2 included in petals, perianth about 1/2 the length of the fruit......ceeseeeeeeeeees M. maripa 1. Filaments as long as or longer than the petals 2. Female flowers oblong, petals about 1/3 longer than sepals. 3. About 7 female flowers per rachilla 4. Perianth about 1/2 the height of the fruit....cecsecsceeeeeeee-M. longirostrata 4. Perianth about 1/3 the height of the fruit....scesccceceeseeee M. elegans 3. About 1-4 female flowers per rachilla Aleve Glewale bieliane o:'cesslalnfelslialslelovelafelevetatuleete M. macrogyne 2. Female flowers elliptical, petals about as long as the sepals or slightly longer 1978 Glassman, The palm genus Maximiliana 167 5. About 1-4 female flowers per rachilla..........sseseeeee5e. M. regia 5. About 7 female flowers per Bet Chid Milica ccuavey svieteiesereielcverchevenoiecenevere M. stenocarpa Wessels Boer (1965), however, reduced the above species to Attalea regia, and later (1972) to A. maripa. At present, I am inclined to follow Wessels Boer in this treatment (but, M. martiana is the earliest valid name) because at present, I can find no significant differences between the species recognized by Burret. Claassen et al(1949) reported M. caribaea, M. regia, M. elegans and M. macropetala from Venezuela, and showed the distribution of all four species within the country on a map (fig 24). The first taxon was collected from Capicho, state of Monagas and M. elegans was collected by the Cuchivero River near Rosalia, but no specimens were cited. Neither M. macropetala nor M. regia were collected by the FAO mission. The first species is listed only from the type locality, Rosalia; but the distribution of M. regia is given as follows: throughout the valley of the Orinoco and several tributaries with large numbers in the Gulf of Paria; and occurring in the same habi- tats as Scheelea macrolepis from which it is difficult to dis- tinguish by aerial photos. An estimated one million or more trees of M. regia in an area of 232 sq. km in British Guiana was also reported. According to Dugand (1944), the type locality of M. elegans is more specifically in the llanos of Meta or "San Martin". In descriptions of other species, Karsten used similar phrases (flat humid forest regions of Orinoco and confluence of Mara- non) in referring to the eastern llanuras of Colombia cross- ing through the tributaries of the Orinoco and the Maranon (=Amazonas). In 1853, Karsten collected in the llanos of Meta or "San Martin", in the vicinity of Villavicencio, Apiay, Jiramena, San Martin, banks of Rio Negro and Rio Meta and other localities. These places are not situated only in the llanos mentioned above, but also in the hills and valleys of the Cordillera Oriental. At present, M. elegans is abundant in the gallery forest that borders the Meta and Guaviare rivers, and cane fields of the llanos (Dugand, 1944). He cites Triana 1776-1, Jan., 1856, Villavicencio (COL), as corre- sponding perfectly with Karsten's description. Dugand (1944, 1955) refers to this specimen as well as others he collected from Meta as topotypes. In his Cultivated palms of Venezuela, Braun (1968) distin- guished M. elegans from M. martiana in its stiffer and erect 168 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 3 rather than drooping foliage. Apparently, neither species have been cultivated in the Caracas area. Braun says that both species are frequent trees in the vast Orinoco region, and are common in the forests of Guayana, as well as open ground in the upper Orinoco region (e.g. fig 64, M. martiana, in the vast savanna near Carmelitas, Rio Ventauri, Amazon Territory). Excluded Species M. crassispatha Mart., Palmet, Orbign. 110. 1844. Attalea crassispatha (Mart) Burret, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 6: 23, t. o-11. 1929. Lectotype: Haiti (Plumier, Nov. Pl. Amer. Gen. t. l. 1703). Male flowers of this taxon have coiled and twisted anthers and fleshy, curved petals, placing it near the genus Orbignya or Parascheelea. For a more detailed discussion see Glassman (1977a) and (1977b). M. inajai Spruce, Journ. Linn Soc. 11.163. 1871. =Syagrus inajai (Spruce) Becc., L'Agric. Colon. 10: 467, 1916. Holotype: Brazil, Amazonas, Rio Negro (Spruce 83-K). This distinct species of Syagrus is fairly common in the rain forest regions of Brazil, Colombia, Surinam and French Guiana. M..tetrasticha Drude, Mart. Fl. Bras. 3: 455. 1881. Scheelea tetrasticha (Drude) Burret, Notizbl. 10: 667, IC Ie Holotype: Brazil, Rio Tocantinis and Rio Araguaya Weddell 2331-P). Male flowers in this species are definitely characteristic of Scheelea. See Glassman-(1977c) for further discussion. M. venatorum (Poeppig ex Mart.) Wendl. in Kerchove Palm. 25l. 1878; Burret, 1929; Dahlgren, pl. 328. 1959. Cocos venatorum Poeppig ex Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 325. 1853. Holotype: Peru, Tocache (Poeppig 1998-W, destroyed); Lectotype: Maynas alto (Poeppig 1998-P). Poeppig 1998 was cited by Poeppig in the original article (1853). The holotype from Vienna, illustrated by Dahlgren, pl. 328 (1959), was probably destroyed during World War II; hence the Paris specimen was chosen as lectotype. I am excluding this taxon from Maximiliana because the type specimens resemble a species of Oenocarpus or Euterpe; the single rachilla and male flowers definitely do not belong to any member of the Attalea alliance. 1978 Glassman, The palm genus Maximiliana 169 Species Confusum and Nomen Nudum Maximiliana attaleoides Barb. Rodr., Enum Palm. Nov. 41. 1875. Englerophoenix attaleoides (Barb. Rodr.) Barb. Rodr., Sert. Palm. Bras. 1: 76, t. 60A. 1903. Attalea attaleoides (Barb. Rodr.) Wessels Boer, Indig. Palms Suriname 157. 1965. Lectotype: Brazil, Pard, below Mt. Curumu, near Rio Trombetas and by Ikuypeua near Alenquer (t. 60A, 1903); c.f. Wessels Boer 1965, p. 157. Attalea transitiva Barb. Rodr., Prot. App. 49, 1879. Superfluous name. c.f. Glassman 1977, p. 55. Specimens examined: Doubtful. Surinam; Eindkamp, Lucier- ivier, Exp. naar het Wilhelminagebergte, Stahel 295 (U-6935); Tapanehorng, Wessels Boer 1204 (U); betw. Rechter Copperame R. and Emma Range, Wessels Boer 1430 (U). Vernacular name: Curua-iuquira, Pinaua-inkyra (Brazil). Barbosa Rodriques (1875) cited B.R. 355 for this species, but this particular specimen was probably destroyed. Hence, t. 60A was chosen as the lectotype. From the outset, Barbosa Rodrigues was not certain of the status of this taxon. In 1879 he changed its name to Attalea transitiva because he thought it was a transitional species between Maximiliana and Attalea. In 1903, he transferred M. attaleoides to the genus Englerophoenix, commenting that this taxon was transitional between Attalea and Englerophoenix. The genus Englerophoenix was established by Kuntze in 1893 as a new name for Maximiliana Mart., 1824 which was published as a homonym for Maximilianea Mart. in Schrank, 1819 (Cochlo- spermaceae). In Briquet et al (1912), Cochlospermum Kunth, 1822 was conserved over Maximilianea Mart.iin Schrank 1819, thus paving the way for conserving the name Maximiliana Mart. 1824 in the Palmae (see Stafleu et al, 1972). Some authors (e.g., Bondar, unpublished manuscript on Bahian species of Attalea dated 1938), nevertheless believed that Englerophoenix was a distinct genus, differing from Maximiliana mainly in the pulpy-mucilaginous mesocarp rather than a fibrous-mealy or fibrous-gummy mesocarp. Wessels Boer (1965) has the following to say about this taxon: "Suriname specimens are somewhat doubtfully referred to the species of Barbosa Rodrigues, as there is a discrepancy in the arrangement of the pinnae. According to his description, the pinnae are clustered and the Surinam specimens have regularly pinnate leaves." In absence of type specimens, Wessels Boer chose t. 60A as the lectotype which shows a leaf part with 170 P-EY 20 LOGI Ss Vol. 38, no. 3 three pairs of non-clustered pinnae. He concluded that the description of the leaf was wrong and that the Surinam and Brazilian plants were probably conspecific. Because of its typical Scheelea flowers and typical Maximiliana fruits, this species could not be satisfactorily placed in either genus and hence supports the idea of one large genus, Attalea. According to my current concept, M. attaleoides belongs in the genus Scheelea because the male flowers have fleshy petals which are longer (10 mm) than the stamens (7 mm). In that case, a new name would be required because Scheelea attaleoides Karsten already exists. In view of the fact that no authentic specimens are available for study and the pinnae description is uncertain and confusing, I prefer to designate this taxon as a species confusum. In both 1875 and 1903, Barbosa Rodri- gues described the middle pinnae as aggregate, while the illustration (t. 60A) shows separate pinnae (but the pinnae shown may not necessarily be from the middle of the leaf). M. jagua Seeman ex Wendl. in Kerchove, Palm. 251. 1878. This name was published without an accompanying description. Apparently, it was based on a vernacular name, "Palma Jagua," published in one of Seeman's books or articles. It was sub- sequently listed in Linden (1881), Burret (1929), Dahlgren (1936) and Glassman (1972). Burret thought the name may refer to Scheelea humboldtiana (Spruce) Burret because Palma Jagua is one of its vernacular names. Nevertheless, Maximiliana jagua is clearly a nomen nudum according to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature because a description was never published. LITERATURE CITED Barbosa Rodrigues, J. 1875. Enumeratio Palmarum Novarum quas Valle Fluminis Amazonum. pp. 1-43. Rio de Janeiro. 1879. Protesto-Appendice ao Enumeratio Palmarum Novarun. pp. 1-48, 2 plates. Rio de Janeiro. 1891. Palmae Amazonenses Novae. Vellosia 2: 91-112. 1903. Sertum Palmarum Brasiliensium, ou Relation des Palmiers Nouveaux du Bresil 1: 1-140, 91 plates; 2: 1-114, 83 plates. Bruxelles. Bondar, G. 1938. (Unpublished ms.) Palmeiras Bahianas do Genero Attalea. Seu Aproveitamento Economico e Des- cripcao de 4 Especies Novas. 1978 Glassman, The palm gemus Maximiliana 171 Braun, A. 1968. Cultivated Palms of Venezuela. Principes a2;.117-118, figs. 63-65. Briquet, J. et al. 1912. International Rules of Botanical Nomenclature Adopted by the International Botanical Congresses of Vienna 1905 and Brussels 1910. 110 pp. Jena. Burret, M. 1929. Die Palmengattungen Orbignya, Attalea, Scheelea und Maximiliana. Notizblatt 10: 493-543, 651-701. 1953. Systematische Ubersicht die Gruppen der Palmen. Willdenowia 1: 57-74. Claassen, C. E., D. W. Jenkins and K. S. Markley. 1949. FAO Oilseed Mission in Venezuila. pp. 35-44, figs. 13-20. Food and Agric. Organiz. of U. N., Washington. Dahlgren, B. E. 1936. Indix of American Palms. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot. 14: 1-438. 1959. Index of American Palms. Plates. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot. 14: pls. 1-412. Drude, 0. 1881. Palmae in Martius, Flora Brasiliensis 3: 254- 460. Dugand, A. 1944. Palmas Nuevas o Criticas Colombianas II, Caldasia 2: 451,454, 4 figs. 1955. Palmas Neuvas y Notables de Colombia II. Caldasia = 129-157.» Glassman, S. F. 1972. A Revision of B. E. Dahlgren's Index of American Palms. 294 pp. J. Cramer, Lehre, Germany. 1977a. Preliminary Taxonomic Studies in the Palm Genus Attalea H. B. K. Fieldiana Bot. 38: 31-61. 1977b. Preliminary Taxonomic Studies in the Palm Genus Orbignya Mart. Phytologia 36: 89-115. 1977c. Preliminary Taxonomic Studies in the Palm Genus Scheelea Karsten. Phytologia 37: 219-250. Grisebach, A. 1864. Flora of the British West Indian Islands. pp. 513-523. London. 172 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 3 Holmgren, P. and W. Keuken. 1974. Index Herbariorum. Part I. Herbaria of the World. Sixth Ed. 397 pp. Utrecht. Karsten, H. 1857. Plantae Columbianae. Linnaea 28: 271-273. Kuntze, 0. 1891. Revisio Generum Plantarum 2: 725-737. Leipzig. 1898. Revisio Generum Plantarum 3: 321-324. Linden, J. 1881. Plantes Introduites et Mises pour la Premiere Fois dans le Commerce. L'"'Illustr. Horticole 28: 15-16, 31-32. Martius, C. F. P. von. 1819. In Schrank, F., Flora 2: 452. 1824. Hist. Nat. Palm 2: 29-90. 1826. Hist. Nat. Palm. 2: 91-144. 1844. Palmetum Orbignianum 7: 1-140. In d'Orbigny, Voyage dans 1‘Amerique meridionale, Paris. 1853. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 315-350. Plumier, C. 1703. Nova Plantarum Americanarum Genera. pier Hise eq dba peebeni=}n Spruce, R. 1871. Palmae Amazonicae, sive Enumeratio Palma- rum in Itinero suo per regiones Americae aequatoriales lectarum. Journ. Linn. Soc. 11: 65-175. Stafleu, F. A. et al. 1972. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature as adopted by the XI International Botanical Congress, Seattle. Aug.-Sept. 1969. 426 pp. Utrecht. Wallace, A. R. 1853. Palm trees of the Amazon and their uses. 129 pp., 48 plates. London, Wendland, H. 1878, in Kerchove de Denterghem, 0. Les Palmiers- Histoire Iconographique. etc. 348 pp. Paris. Wessels Boer, J. G. 1965. The Indigenous Palms of Suriname. 172 pp. Leiden, 1972. Clave Descriptiva de las Palmas de Venezuela. Acta Bot. Venez. 6: 299-362. (An additional manuscript with descriptions and synonymy of the taxa mentioned above was prepared by Wessels Boer, but never published.) NOTEWORTHY GRASSES FROM MEXICO Vw. Alan A. Beetle, Range Management Section, University of Wyoming, University Station, P. O. Box 3354, Laramie, Wyoming 82071 In Mexico one of the smallest grasses, the dwarf form of falseoatgrass, has a common characteristic with one of the tallest, the common giantreed. Each may have variegated leaves. Other Mexican grasses that share this odd leaf pattern include various ornamental bamboos, basketgrass, and com. The genetic presence for leaves with patterns of white, pink, yellow, silver, cream, or gold occurs sporadically throughout the grass family from the bamboos to corn. These variations, which are often found under cultivation, have been treated variously as species, varieties, and forms. They all appear, however, to have approximately the same taxonomic rank. It would seem that one name of formal rank can comfortably encompass all the color variants of each species. Recognizing this, an attempt here is made to update and to standardize the nomenclature. Arundinaria simoni (Carr.)A. & C. Riv. f. variegata (Hook. f.) Rehder, Bibl. Cult. trees and shrubs 638. 1949. A. simoni var. variegata Hook. f. Bot. Mag. Curtis TIT. 46. pl. 7146. 1890. A. simoni var. striata Mitford, Garden 46:531. 1894. A. simoni var. argenteostriata Makino. Bot. Mag. Tokyo 14:62. 1900, nom. nud.; 14:100. 1900. A. simoni var. albostriata Bean, Gard. Chron. MS 152508 W894: Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) Presl f. versicolor (Schur.) Comb. nov. A. elatius var. versicolor Schur., Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 755. 1866. Arrhenatherum elatius var. bulbosum (Willd.) Spenner f. striatum (Hubb.) L. B. Smith, Rhodora 49:269. 1947. A. elatius var. nodosum (Reichenb.) Hubb. f. striatum Hubb. Rhodora 18:235. 1916. Ipublished with approval of the director, Wyoming Agricul- tural Experiment Station as Journal Article No. 948. 173 17h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 3 Arundo donax L. f. versicolor (Mill.) comb. nov. A. versicolor Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. 3. 1768. A. donax var. versicolor Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. 1:160.,. 1812. A. donax var. versicolor (Mill.) Kunth, Rev. Gram. 1:78. 1829. Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeusch f. viridi-striata (Makino) comb. nov. B. nana f. viridi-striata Makino, Jour. Jap. Bot. T3275. 1917. This is the silverstripe hedge bamboo which has been called Bambusa argentea striata Carr., B. nana argentea striata acc. to McClure, B. nana var. variegata Camus, B. nana albo-variegata Makino, B. multiplex f. variegata (Camus) Hatusima, B. argentea var. vittata Beadle, B. nana var. : normalis forma vittate-argentea Makino, B. nana var. typica f. viridi-striata Makino. Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. Hort. vittatae A. & C. Riv. B. vulgaris var. vittata A. & C. Riv. Bel. Soc. Acclim. III. 5:640. 1878. B. vulgaris var. striata (Lodd.) Gamble, Ann. Bot. Gard. Cale. 7:44. 1896. B. vulgaris var. aureo-variegata Beadle in Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 1:448. 1914. Dactylis glomerata L. f. variegata (Hitchc.) comb. nov. Dactylis glomerata, folia variegata. D. glomerata var variegata Hitchc. Man Grass. U. S. 1847-1935. Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) Beauv. f. variegata (Opiz.) comb. nov.. D. caespitosa var. variegata Opiz., Sezn. fosth tacks 57,1857 Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin. f. viridistriata f. nov. D. flexuosa similis sed folia viridistriata, aureo-variegata. According to Hitchcock "a form with yellow-striped foliage called by gardners Aira foliis variegatis." Holcus lanatus L. f. albovirens (Reichb.) stat. nov. H. lanatus var. albovirens Reichb. ex Junge, Jahrb. Hanb. Wiss. Anst. 22. Beih. 3:63. 1905, nomen. 1978 Beetle, Noteworthy grasses 175 Miscanthus kokusanensis Nakai §& Honda, Jour. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo Sect. III, Bot. 3:388. 1930. f. variegatus Nakai and Honda, in Honda, Monogr. Poac. Japan 388. 1930. M. kokusanensis var. variegatus (Nakai § Honda) Nakai & Honda, in Nakai, Bu. Nat. Sci. Mus. 5-140... 1952; Miscanthus sinensis Anderss. f. variegatus (Beal) comb. nov. M. sinensis var. variegatus Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2225. 1696. Miscanthus sinensis f. zebrina (Beal) comb. nov. M. sinensis var. zebrina Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2:25. 1896. Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench. f. variegata (Hubb.) comb. nov. M. caerulea var. variegata Hubb. Grasses. Penguin Books 325. 1954. No latin description, says only "with the leaves striped green and cream, is cultivated in gardens." Oplismenus compositus (L.) Beauv. f. vittatus (Bailey) stat. nov. QO. compositus similis sed folia vittata. Q. compositus var. vittatus Bailey, Man. Cult. Plants 109. 1925. No latin description, says "has leaves striped with white and pink." Phalaris arundinacea L. f. picta (L.) Ruiz, Anal. Jard. Bot. Madrid 8:489. 1947. B. arundinacea var. picta L. Sp.,, Pi. 55.. 1755. P. arundinacea var. variegata Parnell, Grasses Brit. 188. pl. 82. 1845. P. arundinacea f. variegata (Parnell) Druce Phyllostachys aurea A. § C. Riv. f. albo-variegata Makino Jourswap. Bot. Srl2.. gle Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. 4 Zucc. var. alternato- lutescens Makino, nomen -- ? Phyllostachys nigra (Lodd.) Mmro f. albo-variegata (Makino) comb. nov. cf. Makino, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 26:26. 1912, invalid because based on P. puberula (Miquel) Munro f. albo-variegata Makino, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 14:64. 1900, nomen nudum. Phyllostachys nigra similis sed folia albo- varlegata. 176 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 3 Phyllostachys pubescens (Mazel) Nakai f. aureo-variegata Uchida, Bul. Sci. Res. Morioka Coll. Agr. Forest 12:84. 1936. Phyllostachys reticulata (Rupr.) K. Koch f. albo-variegata Makino, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 26:24. 1912. Spartina pectinata f. variegata Marie Victorin, Nat. Canad. 71:209. 1944. Spartina cynosuroides (L.) Roth var. aureo- marginata Irving, Gard. Chron. III. 38:572. 1905. Trisetum flavescens (L.) Beauv. f. variegata (Gaudin) comb. nov. Avena flavescens var. variegata Gaudin, Fl. Helv. 12337." L8ze. Trisetum flavescens var. variegatum (Gaudin) Schur. Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 758. 1866. Zea mays L. f. variegata (Nichols) comb. nov. Zea mays var. variegata Nichols, Dict. Gard. 4:238. 1887. Zea japonica Van Houtte, Fl. des Serres 16:121. t. 1675-74. 1865-67. Zea japonica var. vittata "Hort", in Bailey, Man. Cult. Pl. 104. 1924. REDESCUBRIMIENTO DE ZEA PERENNIS (GRAMINEAE) Rafael Guzman Mejia Instituto de Botanica Universidad de Guadalajara Apartado 129, Zapopan, Jalisco, México. Zea perennis (Hitchc.) Reeves & Mangelsdorf, fué descri por Hitchcock (1922) bajo el nombre de Euchlaena perennis. De acuerdo con los datos de la literatura, poblaciones sil- vestres de esta especie han sido observadas sélo dos veces en los alrededores de Ciudad Guzman (antes Zapotlan), Jalis co, Mexico. En 1910 la colecté el mismo A. S. Hitchcock y « 1921 la encontré en ese lugar G.N. Collins. Dado el estrecho parentesco de Zea perennis con el maiz y su condicién tetraploide (2n = 40), se le ha propagado er invernaderos y campos experimentales de diversos paises, pero aparentemente después de 1921 no se han vuelto a loca- lizar individuos silvestres y se llegé a considerar como extinta a la poblacién original. (Wilkes, 1967: 123). El objetivo de la presente comunicacioén es el de infor- mar sobre la existencia en el afio de 1977 de algunos man- chones de Zea perennis cerca de Ciudad Guzman, a 1680 m de altitud, en la proximidad de cultivos de maiz. La especie es escasa y se presenta en manchones aislados. En el invernadero del Instituto de Botanica de la Uni- versidad de Guadalajara se encuentran algunas plantas dis- ponibles para donativos. LITERATURA CITADA Hitchcock, A.S. 1922. A perennial species of teosinte. Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 12: 205-208 Wilkes, H.G. 1967. Teosinte: the closest relative of maize. The Bussey Institution of Harvard University. Cambridge Mass. 159 pp. Ltt NOTES ON NEW AND NOTEWORTHY PLANTS. CVI Harold N. Moldenke CLERODENDRUM SERRATUM f. LACTEUM Moldenke, f. nov. Haec forma a forma typica speciei corollis albis vel lacteo- albidis recedit. This form differs from the typical form of the species in hay- ing its corollas white or creamy-white. The type of this form was collected by Boris Alexander Krukoff (no. 250) on the Hoeta Padang Estate, near Kisaran, on the west coast of Sumatra in December, 1930, and is deposited in the Brit- ton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. VITEX LEUCOXYLON f. SALIGNA (Roxb.) Moldenke, stat. nov. Vitex saligna Roxb., Hort. Beng. 6, hyponym. 1814; Fl. Ind., ed. 2, 3: 75. 1832. This form differs from the typical form of the species in hay- ing all the mature leaflets uniformly narrow-elliptic, thinly chartaceous, 3—l times as long as wide, with both ends unifomly acute or acuminate. The variety is based on Wallich 1748 and 1748/2 collected from cultivated plants in the Calcutta Botanical Garden, originally collected by Dr. B. Heyne on the Coromandel coast of southeastern India in 1808 and deposited in the British East India Company herbarium at Kew. ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE ERIOCAULACEAE. LXXX Harold N. Moldenke SYNGONANTHUS WIDGRENIANUS (K&rn.) Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 38: 13. 1977. This species appears to be based on Widgren 822 822 and G. Gardner 2957 & 527k from Minas Gerais, Brazil, deposited i in the Berlin herbarium. The Riedel collection, Listed by Kornicke as typical S. widgreniams, is now regarded as var. puberulifolius Ruhl. by Ruhland. In previous works I have listed this species from Paran& and in this I was followed by Angely (1957, 1972), but all the material thus determined has proved, on re-examination, to be the very simi- lar S. fischeriams (Bong. j Ruhl. Kornicke (1871) cites the additional W: son. from Lagoa Santa. Ruhland (1903) cites only Widgren 822 and Warming s.n. from 178 1978 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 179 Minas Gerais and G. Gardner 2957 from Piauhf. The typical form of the species has been encountered on lake shores and in marshes, flowering from May to July and in December. Silveira (1928) cites A. Silveira 226 from Aguas Virtuosas, Minas Gerais, collected in 1899. Williams | & Assis 727, cited below, is sterile and therefore is placed here with a a question. The L. Riedel 1477 and s.n. [Taubaté], distributed as the typi- cal form of this species and the latter so cited by me in a previ- ous (1953) work, are better regarded as representing var. puberu- lifolius Ruhl., while Brade 6582, Hatschbach 1138, W. Hoehne 766, Leite 3901 & s.n. [Campos do Jord%o, V.1950], Mattos 4328, and Moldenke & Moldenke 196), & 19909 are actually S. fischerianus (Bong .) Ruhl. Additional & emended citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Macedo 2751 (S); Widgren 822 [Macbride photos 10706] (N—photo of cotype, N——photo of cotype, , N—photo of cotype, S--cotype, S=--cotype, S— cotype, W--photo of cotype, Z—photo of cotype) ; Williams & Assis 7247 (Ca—7hhh32), 7248 (N, W--1932951). Piauf: G. Gardner 2957 (N—cotype, W—-937208—cotype) , 527k (B—cotype, pe eae MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: drawings & notes by Kornicke (B). SYNGONANTHUS WIDGRENIANUS var. PUBERULIFOLIUS Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 256 [as "puberulifolia"]. 1903. Synonymy: Syngonanthus widgrenianus var. puberulifolia Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (l-30): 256. 1903. Syngonanthus eee var. puberifolia Euhl. ex Moldenke, Phytologia 31: in syn. 1975. Bibliography: Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenriech 13 (l-30): 256 & 29h. 1903; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 19 & &. 1916; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 93 & 21h. 1949; Moldenke, Phytologia : 33). 1953; Moldenke, "Résumé 109, 352, & 493. 1959; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 176 (1971) and 2: 638 & 966. 19713; Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeogr. Est. S. Paulo, ed. Es 1163-116) & Ind. 28. 1972; Moldenke, Phytologia 31: 408. 1975. This variety is based by Ruhland (1903) on A. Silveira 29h2 from "an feuchten Stellen nahe Aguas Virtuosas, |, Campanha", Minas Gerais, and L. Riedel 1477 from "an sumpfigen Stellen bei Tauba- +6", SHo Paulo, both deposited in the Berlin herbarium. It is probable that the Riedel son. from Taubaté, cited below, in the Stockholm herbarium is part ©: of this same eallection. Likewise, it is probable that the Silveira 226 from Aguas Virtuosas, cited by Silveira as S. widgreniams, is, rather, this variety. The variety, according to Ruhland (1903), "Differt a forma typica juventute pilis brevissimis, arcte appressis sparsiuscule puberulis, dein glaberrimis, (an semper?) atro-olivaceis". It has been collected in anthesis in November. The Angely work cited in the bibliography is sometimes cited as "1970", the title-page date, but was not actually published until 1972. Additional citations: BRAZIL: S&o Paulo: L. Riedel 1477 (B— 180 PHYTTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 3 cotype, Bcotype, M—cotype, Mu-—cotype, Ut—-388—cotype, Z— cotype), sen. [Taubaté] (S). SYNGONANTHUS WILSONII Moldenke, N. Am. Fl. 19: 45. 1937. Bibliography: Moldenke, N. Am. Fl. 19: 3 & 45. 19373 Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 347. 1939; Alain, Contrib. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Coleg. La Salle 7: 47. 1946; Leén, Fl. Cuba, imp. 1, 1: 283 & 436. 1946; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 1: 6h, 91, & 192. 19h63; Mol- denke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 5 & 60. 1946; Hill & Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 10: 22h. 1947; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 381. 1917; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 2: 651. 1948; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], h6 & 21h. 1949; Moldenke, Phytologia ks 335. 19533; Moldenke, Résumé 53, 5h, 352, & 493. 19593; Molden- ke, Fifth Summ. 1: 98 & 99 (1971) and 2: 638 & 966. 1971; Leén & Alain, Fl. Cuba, imp. 2, 1: 283 & 36. 197k. ist sper citations: ISLA DE PINOS: Marie-Victorin & Alain 169 (Mv). SYNGONANTHUS XANTHOLEPIS Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 395. 1928. Bibliography: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 395 & 20. 19283 A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 271. 1938; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Dis- trid. Erioc. 19 & 60. 1963; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Ver- benac., [ed. 2], 93 & 21h. 1949; Moldenke, Résumé 109 & 1,93. 1959; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 176 (1971) and 2: 966. 1971. This species is based on A. Silveira 789 from "In campis are- nosis inter Diamantina et Serro, in Serra Geral", Minas Gerais, Brazil, collected in June, 1925, and deposited in the Silveira herbarium. On page 20 of his work Silveira (1928) gives the locality of collection for his no. 789 as "Vilho Verde" and the date as "1926"; whether this is meant as a correction of the statement made on page 395 or whether it represents another col- lection to which he has assigned the same number is not clear. Thus far the species is known only from the original collection or collections. SYNGONANTHUS XERANTHEMOIDES (Bong.) Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzen- reich 13 (4-30): 276—277. 1903. Synonymy: Eriocaulon xeranthemoides Bong., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersb., ser. 6, 1: 635. 1031 [not BE. xeranthemoides Heurck., 192h, nor Van Heurck & Muell.-Arg., 1570]. Paepalanthus xeranthemoides (Bong.) Mart., Flora 2), Beibl. 2: 61. 181. Paepalanthus xeranthemoides Mart. ex Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 432. 1863. Dupatya xeranthemodes Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 7h6. 1891. Paepalanthus xeranthemoides Kérn. apud Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 2: 02.189). Dupatya xeranthemoides Kuntze apud Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (h- 30): 276, in syn. 1903. Syngonantims xeranthemoides Ruhl. apud Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 175. 1908. Syngonnanthus xeranthe- moides (Bong.) Ruhl. ex Aristeguieta, Act. Bot. Venez. 3: 25, sphalm. 1968. Syngonanthus ceranthemoides (Bong.) Ruhl. ex 1978 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 181 Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 435, in syn. 1972. Bibliography: Bong., Ess. Monog. Erioc. 35. 1831; Bong., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersb., ser. 6, 1: 635. 1831; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 586. 180; Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 578, 579, & 61h. 1841; Mart., Flora 24, Beibl. 2: 60 & 61. 181; D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 268. 18523; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 280 & 33h. 1855; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 432-33, 500, & 507, pl. 56. 1863; Korn. in Warm., Vidensk. Meddel. Naturh. Foren. Kjébenh. 23: 313. 1871; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 76. 1891; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 1: 880 (1893) and imp. 1, 2: 02. 189); Malme, Bih. Svensk Vet.-Akad. Handl. 27 (3), no. 113 31. 1901; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 1, 145. 1902; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (u-30): 276—~278, 28h, 288, & 292. 1903; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. : 175. 1908; Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 420. 1928; Ruhl. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 15a: hh & 57. 1930; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 4: 519. 1930; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 2, 15. 19113 Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 2, 1: 880 (196) and imp. 2, 2: 02. 1946; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 6, 19, 31, h2, 55, & 60. 196; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 1: 223 & 266 (i9h6), 3: 710 (19h9), and 4: 1078 & 1132. 1949; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 65, 93, & 21). 1949; Moldenke, Phytologia ): 335. 1953; Angely, Fl. Paran. 10: 15. 1957; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 3, 145. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé 69, 7h, 109, 282, 29h, 329, & 493. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 5, 7, & 23 (1959} and’ 2: 5.1960; Angely, Fl. Paran. 16: 77. 1960; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 3, 1: 880 (1960) and imp. 3, 2: 402. 1960; Renné, Levant. Herb. Inst. Agron. Minas 72. 1960; Angely, Fl. Paran. 17: 2). 1961; Eiten in Ferré, Simpos. Sdébre Cerrado 195. 1962; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 3: 12 (1962) and 6: 10. 1963; Hegnauer, Chemotax. Pfl. 2: 153. 1963; Angely, Fl. Anal. Paran., ed. 1, 202. 1965; Aristeguieta, Act. Bot. Venez. 3: 25 & 37. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 17: 452. 1968; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 18: 10. 1969; Tomlinson in C. R. Metcalfe, Anat. Monocot. 3s 160, 161, 163, 166, 170, 173, 17h, 185, 187, & 189. 1969; Mol- denke, Phytologia 19: 467. 1970; Moldenke, Fifth Summ, 1: 120, 128, 131, 176, & 87 (1971) and 2: 516, 592, 639, 966, & 973. 1971; Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeogr. Est. S. Paulo, ed. 1, 6: 116, map 1786, & Ind. 21 & 28. 1972; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 435.1972; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 56 (1): BsA.S.I-C. S.25h. 19735 Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 56: 69. 1973; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 56 (10): B.A.S.I.C. S.265. 1973; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 56: 5366. 19733 Moldenke, Phytologia 25: 22h & 230 (1973) and 26: 178—179. 1973; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 292 & 293. 197; Moldenke, Phytolo- gia 29: 77—78 (197k), 31: 383, 386, hOk, hOS, & hO9 (1975), 3h: 259 (1976), 35: h2h (1977), 36: 35, h2, hs, 7, & 65 (1977), and 38: hh. 1977. Illustrations: Kérn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): pl. 56. 1863. This species is based on an unmumbered Riedel collection from "in locis paludosis, Serra da Chapada", Minas Gerais, Brazil, probably deposited in the Leningrad herbarium. Bongard's origin- 182 PHYTOLOGTA Vol. 38, no. 3 al (1831) description is: "acaulis; foliis elongatis linearibus canaliculatis mucronatis supra glabris, subtus pubescentibus; pedunculo solitario slongato subpubescente; vaginis pubescentibus bifidis.......Floret Septembri. Obs. Squamae capitulum involu- crantes obtusae, flavae". This description was greatly amplified by Kornicke (1863). Recent collectors describe this species as a slender, tufted, cespitose, rosette herb, 25—50 cm. tall, growing in large clumps 15-50 cm. in diameter, the leaves flexuous, the heads white, light-gray, or gray to light-brown, the bracts cream-color to light brown, and the florets white. They have found it growing in wet ground on hills, in cerrado and lake margins, in campo grasslands, sedge meadows (brejo) "on slight slope te river plain", campo swamps and marshes, sandy soil of bare spots in shrubby restinga, "wet spots in inner restinga", damp open meadows, wet or rocky campos, roadsides, marshy areas in cerrado, boggy gentle open grassy slopes, and similar locations, at altitudes of 100-~1800 meters, flowering in every month of the year and fruiting in June and from October to December. Malme encountered it in open, grassy, marshy places along with members of the Xyridaceae and Cyperaceae, Mello Barreto refers to it as abundant on campos, and Mrs. Chase found it on "open steep rocky slopes now dry". Silva asserts that he found it "very frequent in proximity to sandstone outcrops". Ratter and his associates found it in "shortgrass campo close to [a] lake", while Irwin and his associ- ates encountered it in "wet campo in area of gallery forest and adjacent rocky campo", on “sandy slopes in area of sandy campo with outcrops", and "in cerrado seep in region of gallery forest and adjacent cerrado". The Eitens came upon S. xeranthemoides on "seasonally moist campo between gallery forest and cerrado, in clumps 0.5 m. in di- ameter" and "at upper edge of campo near border with cerrado in area of natural grassy campos at the head of a valley, in sandy soil, the ground layer recently burned". Graziela & José refer to it as "abundant". Hatschbach found it on "campos arenosos margens de corrego, zona de cerrado", The vernacular names, “botfo jazida" and "sempre viva jazida" are reported. The Eitens (1962) cite Eiten & Eiten 2349, Malme (1901) cites Malme 1156 from Mato Grosso, and Silveira (1928) cites A, Silveira eira 22 f from Minas Gerais. Kornicke (1871) cites Lund s.n. from Araraquara and Taubaté, S%o Paulo. Ruhland (1903) cites the following: VENEZUELA: Passarge & Selwyn 220. BRAZIL: Goids: Weddell 1890, 2385, & 296. Mato Grosso: Pohl s.n. [Cuy- ab4], Schwacke 4973. “Minas Gerais: G. Gardner 3490, 1 Martius s.n. [Vo de Paranan] & s.n. [Rio Fermozo], Pohl s.n. [Pirapora], L. Riedel s.n. [Serra da da Chapada], Schwacke e 1226h. Rio de Janeiro: ee s.n. [Boa Perna]. S&o Paulo: Lund s.n. [Araraquara], Men- donga 685, L. Riedel 1475 & s.n. [Fieté]. He comments that the "Species | ex hac sectione maxime | divulgata. Foliis acutis facile 1978 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 183 dignoscenda". It is worth noting here that the Eriocaulon xeranthemoides credited to "Heurck" and to Van Heurck & Muell.-Arg., referred to in the synonymy above, is a synonym of E. togoénse Moldenke, The plate "0" referred to by Bongard (1831) as illustrative of this species was apparently never published according to Kunth (1841) and Kornicke (1863) and probably exists only in the Leningrad her- barium or library. The Angely work cited above is inscribed "1970" on its title-page, but was not actually published until two years later. Malme's work, sometimes cited as "1903", was actual- ly published in 1901. Ruhland's key (1903) to this species and what he regarded as its closest relatives is well worth repeating here: 1. Folia acuminato-mucronata; bracteae involucrantes appressae, aureo-flavae.. @oereoeeeseere oc eecececrccceeere xeranthemoides. la. Folia obtusa; bracteae involucrantes plus minus stramineo- flavidae. 2. Bracteae involucrantes imbricato-appressae; folia saepius Glaberrima....eseececrcccccescceccccsecseedes vernonioides. 2a. Bracteae involucrantes valde revoluto-squarrosae. 3. Pedunculi 6-sulcati, subcompressi; folia plerumque semi- Peretia..ccccccccccccsccccersccccccccsccede CONtAUrOides « 3a. Pedunculi 3-costati, teretes; folia plana; habitu omnino quam antecedens gracilior...cccsscesscceeede SQUAarTOSUS. Material of S. xeranthemoides has been misidentified and dis- tributed in some herbaria as S. centauroides (Bong.) Ruhl., S. squarrosus Ruhl., Eriocaulon brevifolium var. proliferum Moldenke, E. triangulare L., Paepalanthus luteolus Alv. Silv., and Cypera- ceae. ~ On the other hand, the Pittier 5841, distributed as S. xeran- themoides, actually is S. glandulosus Gleason; Aristeguieta L190, Goldsmith 53, B. Maguire 33233b & 33747, Maguire & Maguire 35207, Philcox, Fereira, & Bertoldo 3302, Steyermark & Nilsson 677, and Ll. Williams 13857 are S. xeranthemoides f. brevifolius Moldenke; and Agostini 255, Hatschbach 272606, Lasser 1473, Macedo 238, B. Maguire 33233a, Maguire & Fanshawe 23113 & 32239, Maguire, Maguire, & Wilson-Browne 6013, Maguire, Mendes Magalhfes, & Maguire 19090, Maguire, Phelps, Hitchcock, & Budowski 31706, Sandwith 1372, J. A. Steyermark 59367, 59643, & 93485, Steyermark & Nilsson 573 & 668, 1066781); Graziela & José 602 (N); Hatschbach 32h) (Ld); Hatsch- bach & Koczicki 333h8 (Ac); Hatschbach & Kummrow 37251 (Ld), 184 Pb T 0 1L'0'6 Tk Vol. 38, no. 3 3829 (Ld); Irwin, Maxwell, & Wasshausen 21358 (Ld, N). Mato Grosso: Argent, nt, Ramos, Ric Richards, & Souza 6573 (Ac, N)3; Eiten & Eiten 836 N, ¥—27577kh), 85b6 (N, W--27577h6) ; Goldsmith 168 @®, 217 arte Harley 11552 (Ac, K); Harley & Souza 10132 (Ld, N); Hatschbach 25106 (Ft, ) 37541 (Ld); Hatschbach & & Koezicki 33247 (Gz); seats, 2 Murga Pires, , Maguire, & Silva 56ub5 (N), 5660 (N); Philcox, Hamog, & Sousa Seine 3137 3137 (K, N, S)j Pranoe, Lleras, & & Souz Souza R. 1610 (Ld, NF Sidney 1167 1167 [Onishi 388] (Ld, Ld, is, vend Min- as Gerais: Archer 064 (W—1705679); M. A. Chase 9165 (W—1282185) , 112h9 (W—1195699); Hatschbach 29936 (Ld) Irwin, “Maxwell, & Wass- hausen 20078 (Ac, N), 21004 (Ld, N); Irwin, “Reis dos Sant Santos, Sail Souza 10 10510 (N); Martius s.: Son. (Brasilia Provinc. Minarum] (Mu, Mu, Ma), SMe wn. [Rio de S. Francisco & Paran4] (Mu); Mello Barreto )737 [Herb. Brad. 29255; Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. -. 177595 Herb. U. S. Nat. Arb. 176198] (Mu, W-—-2121718); J. B. Silva 569 [Herb. Set. Lag. 706] (Ba), 583 [Herb. Set. Lag. 720) (Ba). P: Para: Egler & Raimundo s.n. [we A A. Egler 806; Herb. Mus. Goeldi 23635] (Lw, Mm), SMe Sen. ([W. A. Egler 919; Herb. Mus. Goeldi 23627] (Bd—12287, Mm). Rio de Janeiro: Sagadas-Vianna, Dau, Ormond, Machline, & Lorédo 146 (Ja), 147 (Ja), 380 (Sm), 38h (Sm), 939 939 (Sm). S&o Paulo: Black 51-1098); (2); 51-11027 (Z), 5111053 3 (Z), 51-1121 (2); i; == ten & & Eiten 239 (N); Mattos & Mattos 8563 (N); L. Riedel 1L75— @, B, Mu, “Ma, Ut--389). State State undetermined: Martius | Sone yan. (B)j Je J. E. Pohl s.n. [Brasilia] (Mu); Sellow s.n. [Brasilia] (B). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): pl. 56. 1863 (N, Z)3 orig- ee for Mart., Fl. Bras. no. 167 (B, B, B); drawings by Kornicke SYNGONANTHUS XERANTHEMOIDES f. BREVIFOLIUS Moldenke, Phytologia Bibliography: Anon., Biol. Abstr. 56 (10): B.A.S.I.C. S.265. 1973; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 56: 5366. 1973; Moldenke, Phytolo- gia 26: 178--179 (1973) and 31: 383 & 386. 1975. This form differs from the typical form of the species in hav- ing its mature leaves mostly only )\--10 cm. in length. They are usually erect or slightly divergent, not reflexed to the ground, and are of the narrow shape and rather thin texture of the typi- cal form. Recent collectors describe this plant as an herb, to 30 cm. tall, the leaves "very thick, stiff, brittle, rolled upwards on either side longitudinally, glossy, especially the apex", the in- florescence white or the "heads with tan hairs on a creamy ground", and the flowers white or cream—-color. Davidse speaks of the "spikelets white", but the flowers are in heads, not spikelets. Collectors have encountered the plant in sandy soil, on wet cam- pos, and on swampy savannas, at altitudes of 125-—-1300 meters, flowering from November to February as well as in April and July, 1978 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 185 fruiting in January, February, and April. Maguire refers to it as an “abundant herb on moist sand in open savannas" and "common on sandy banks along streams"; Steyermark found it in "flattish depressions in wet sandy areas", while Davidse encountered it on "open savannas with Trachypogon, Echinolaena, and Paspalum domin- ant and with a narrow zone of gallery forest along the river, soil with the top 20 cm. sand, below which is yellow sand". Aristegu- ieta found it growing in "sabanas himedas de morichales". The vernacular name, "capim", is recorded for it. Material of this form has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as S. tricostatus Gleason or as typical S. xeranthe- moides (Bong.) Ruhl. or the variety tricostatus (Gleason) Moldenke. ~~ Citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Bunting, Akkermans, & Van Roo- den 3753 (Ld); Maguire & Maguire 35207 (Mu, N, W—21689h1); Ll. Williams 13857 (N). Bolfvar: G. Davidse un? (Ld, N); B. Maguire 33233 (Mu, »), 33747 (N, W-—-2168916); J. A. Steyermark 111303 (2)3 § Steyermar , Dunsterville, 2 pst e Dunsterville 113238 (N); Stey: Steyer- mark & Nilsson oe (Mi, 7 (Mi, N)3 S: rmark, Steyermark, | Wurdack, Wur- dack, & Wiehler 106632 (Z—type). Ts Aristeguieta ta 490 (N (N). BRAZIL? Mato Grosso: Goldsmith 53 (K); Harley 11533 (Ld); Phi Philcox, Fereira, & Bertoldo 3302 (K). Minas Gerais: Martius s.n. [in ad- scensa Vao do Paranan in Serra de S. Antonio et ad fl. Rio Fermo- zo in prov. Minarum locis sicciusculis 1818] (Mu). SYNGONANTHUS XERANTHEMOIDES var. CONFUSUS (Korn.) Moldenke, Phy- tologia 29: 77. 197. Synonymy: Paepalanthus confusus Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 433. 1863. Dupatya confusa (K6rn.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 745. 1891. Dupatya confusa Kuntze apud Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 1, 145. 1902. Syngonanthus vernonioides var. confusa (Korn.) Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (h-30): 277. 1903. Paepalanthus vernonioides var. major Kunth ex Mol- denke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 22, in syn. 1959. Bibliography: Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 528. 1841; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 433—l13h & 506. 1863; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 745. 1891; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 2: Ol. 189); Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 1, 145. 1902; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (h-30): 277, 289, & 29h. 1903; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 2, 145. 1941; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 2, 2: hol. 19463; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 19, 29, 6, 55, & 60. 1946; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2, 93 & 21h. 1949; Molden- ke, Phytologia 4: 333. 1953; Durand & Jacks «, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 3, 145. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé 109, 279, 32h, 329, 352, & 493. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 22. 1959; Jacks » in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 3, 2: Ol. 1960; Moldenke, Fifth Sum. 1: 176 & 79 (1971) and 2: $80, 592, 638, & 966. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 29: 77 (197k), 31: 386, Ok, OS, & ho8 (1975), 3h: 259 (1976), and 36: 35. 1977. 186 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 3 According to Ruhland (1903) this variety "Differt a forma typ- ica [of S. vernonioides] foliis latioribus (2——3 mm latis), pedun- culis profunde tricostatis". He cites from Minas Gerais, Brazil: Luschnath s.n. [Macahé], Magalhfes Gomes 2492, Martius 561, L. Riedel 561 & s.n. [Chapada], Schwacke 1566, and A. Silveira 1017. Martius 561 I regard as the type collection of var. hirsutus Mol=- denke, which see. Kérnicke (1863) cites Eriocaulon vernonioides Steud. and Pae- palanthus vernonioides var. Q Kunth as synonyms of his Paepalan- thus confusus, but these names are both regarded by Ruhland as synonyms of typical S. vernonioides [now known as S. xeranthemoides var. vernonioides (Kunth) Moldenke]. I feel, therefore, that K6rnicke's P, confusus should be typified by the specimens he cites: Luschnath s.n. [prope Macahé in campis] and Riedel 561 & s.n. [Chapada], exclusive of the Martius 561 which is the type of var. hirsutus Moldenke, all from Minas Gerais, Brazil, and depos- ited in the Berlin herbariun. Recent collectors describe this plant as a tufted herb, grow- ing in clumps to 0.5 m. across, the leaves green, tinged red at the base, obtuse at the apex, the heads white, the bracts cream-color to light-brown, and the florets white. They have found it growing in grassy moist or marshy places, on campos, on "seasonally wet campo between gallery forest and cerrado", and on "riverside damp sandy soil, sandstone rocks, and partly burned-over vegetation", at altitudes of 50—1200 meters, flowering in February, May, June, and August, and fruiting in February. The Eiten & Eiten 836 distributed in some herbaria as var. confusus seems, rather, to be typical S. xeranthemoides (Bong.) Ruhl. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Harley, Renvoize, Erskine, Brighton, & Pinheiro in Harley 15953 (Z). Mato Grosso: J. G. Kuhlmann Com. Rondon 1623 (B). Minas Gerais: L. Riedel 561 [N. ¥. Bot. Gard. Neg. N. S. 8881] (B--cotype, B--cotype, Mu--cotype, N- photo of cotype, Ut--386—cotype, Z—photo of cotype). State un- determined: Herb. A. Gray s.n. [Brasil] (T). MOUNTED ILLUSTRA- TIONS: Drawings by Kérnicke (B). ee ae XERANTHEMOIDES var. GRAHAMAE Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 395. 1962. Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 395. 19623; Hocking, Ex- cerpt. Bot. A.6: 55. 1963; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 42: 1517. 19635 Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 6: 10. 1963; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 131 (1971) and 2: 966. 1971. Recent collectors describe this plant as an herb, 20 cm. tall. Davidse and his associates refer to it having “spikelets white", but the flowers are in heads, not in spikelets, in this entire family. These collectors found it growing at the edge of a riv- erbank, "some plants in the water", while Maguire and his associ- ates report it "forming dense mats along water's edge". It has 1978 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 187 been encountered at altitudes of 500—-1000 meters, flowering in September and December, and fruiting in December. The Hamann collection, cited below, exhibits conspicuously elongated stems which are completely enveloped and hidden by the more or less basally-appressed erect or ascending leaves. One of the two plants on the specimen sheet exhibits proliferous heads, the other is normal. Citations: GUYANA: V. Graham tee (K—-type, Z--isotype); Irwin k99 (W—-2212837); Maguire, Maguire, & Wilson—Browne 16228 (Mu, N). VENEZUELA: Bolivar: Davidse, re & Montes 1,865 (La); L Lépez- Palacios 3030 (Ld); Hamann Hamann 2892 92 (Him) « ater eee var. HIRSUTUS Moldenke, Phytologia 29: 77-78. 1974. Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 29: 77—78 (197k), 31: 386 (1975), and 36: 35. 1977. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its leaf-sheaths very densely hirsute (with the hairs standing at right angles to the sheaths) and the leaves shorter, only 8-13 cm. long, 3--5 ma, wide, rather obtuse at the apex, and more or less hirsutulous toward the base. Collectors have encountered this plant on campos and in buruti-grass swamps, at 720 meters altitude, describing the flower-heads as white in October. Material has been distributed in some herbaria as typical S. xeranthemoides (Bong.) Ruhl. Citations: BRAZIL: Mato Grosso: Prance, Lleras, & Coélho 18981 (N, Z). Minas Gerais: Martius 561 [N. Y. Bot. Gard. neg. Ne S. 8880] (M--isotype, Mu—type, N—photo of type, Z—-photo of type). SYNGONANTHUS XERANTHEMOIDES var. MELANOLEPIS (Alv. Silv.) Molden- ke, Phytologia 29: 78. 197. Synonymy: Svngonanthus vernonioides var. melanolepis Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 396. 1928. Bibliography: Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 396 & 20. 1928; Mol- denke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 19 & 60. 196; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 93 & 21h. 199; Mol- denke, Résumé 109 & 493. 1959; Moldenke, *Fifth Sum. 1: 176 (19715 and 2: 966. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 29: 78 (197k) and 31: 386 & 08. 1975. This variety differs from var. vernonioides in having the "Bracteis involucrantibus fuscis (nec stramineo-pallidis)" accor ding to Silveira (1928). It is based on A, Silveira 70 from "In campis arenosis in Serra do Lenheiro, 1896, et in Serra do Ouro Branco, Feb. 1905", Minas Gerais, Brazil, deposited in the Sil- veira herbarium. On page 20 of his work (1928) Silveira gives the locality and date of collection of his no. 70 as "Milho Ver- de, 1926" -—- apparently a third collection distributed by hin under the same number. The variety is known thus far only from these three collections. 188 Pay To L'0'4 2a Vol. 38, no. 3 SYNGONANTHUS XERANTHEMOIDES var. MINOR (Kunth) Moldenke, Phytolo- gia 29: 78. 197k. Synonymy: Paepalanthus vernonioides @ minor Kunth, Enum. Pl. 33 529. 18). Bibliography: Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 529. 1813 Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-305 : 277. 1903; Moldenke, Phytologia 4: 333-- 33h. 1953; Moldenke, Résumé 109, 329, & 493. 1959; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 176 (1971) and 2: 966. 19713; Moldenke, Phytologia 29: 78 (197k) and 31: 387, 0S, & 08. 1975. This variety is based on Sellow B.1295 C.270 from "in summita- te Serra de St. Antonio", Minas Gerais, Brazil, deposited in the Berlin herbarium where it was photographed by Macbride as his type photograph number 10705. Thus far it is known only from the original collection, which Ruhland (1903) cites as typical S. vernonioides. He does not actually account for Kunth's variety in his monograph, perhaps because he saw only the Sellow specimen at Berlin. Kunth distinguishes it from his typical Paepalanthus vernonioides by affirming that var. minor has the leaves only 6.5 cm. long, 1 mm. wide, subfalcate, twisted, often pilose above, the peduncles only 18--23 cm. long, the sheaths only cm. long, and the heads only 5 mm. long and with fewer florets. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Sellow B.1295 C. 270 (Macbride photos 10705] (B--isotype, B-type, N--isotype, N- photo of type, W--photo of type, Z—-isotype, Z—photo of type). SYNGONANTHUS XERANTHEMOIDES var. STRIGILLOSUS Moldenke, Phytolo- gia 25: 22h. 1973. Bibliography: Anon., Biol. Abstr. 56 (1): B.A.S.I.C. 5.25). 1973; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 56: 69. 1973; Moldenke, Phytologia 25: 22h & 230. 1973; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 292. 197k. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its leaf=-sheaths very densely and conspicuously white- strigillose with closely appressed plainly antrorse hairs from base to apex, the peduncles also appressed=strigillose but some- what lass densely so and less conspicuously (except under a hand- lens) and the involucral bractlets dark—brownish or castaneous in color. Thus far it is known only from the original collection. It may possibly be the same as var. melanolepis (Alv. Silv.) Mol- denke, whose pubescence characters are not given by Silveira, Citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: J. B. Silva 578 [Herb. Set. Lag. 715] (Ba—isotype, Z—type). t= SYNGONANTHUS XERANTHEMOIDES var. TRICOSTATUS (Gleason) Moldenke, Phytologia 26: 179. 1973. Synonymy: Syngonanthus tricostatus Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 56: 16. 1929. Bibliography: Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 56: 16 (1929) and 58: 331. 1931; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 231. 19333 Fedde & Schust. in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 57 (2): 16. 19373 Mol- denke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 6 & 60. 196; Moldenke, Phy- 1978 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 189 tologia 2: 352. 1947; Moldenke in Maguire & al., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 75: 203. 19483 Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 3: 701 & 975. 1905 Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 65, 67, & 21h. 1949; Moldenke, Bol. Soc. Venez. Cienc. Nat. 1) (78): 13. 1952; Moldenke, Phytologia : 331—332. 1953; Moldenke in Steyern., Fieldiana Bot. 28: 826. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 7), 76, 109, & 93. 19593; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 5, 7, 23, & 26. 19593 J. A. Stey- erm., Act. Bot. Venez, 1 (3/h): 41, 50, & 247. 19665 Anon., Biol. Abstr. 56 (10): B.A.S.I.C. S.265. 1973; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 56: 5366. 1973; Moldenke, Phytologia 26: 179. 19733; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 293. 1973 Moldenke, Phytologia 26: 376 (1975) and 35: 307 & h2h. 1977. Recent collectors describe this plant as a perennial cespitose herb, to 5 cm. tall, forming small patches, the leaves rigid, pungent, coriaceous, ascending, curved or subcurvate, falcate, rich-green on both surfaces or rich-green above and paler beneath, the scapes twisted, buff or pale buff-brown, heads white, bracts pale tawny—brown, buff-brown, or pale buff=-brown, the flowers white or dull-white. Davidse and his associates speak of "spike= lets white", but the inflorescences in this entire family are in heads, not spikelets. The variety has been found growing in sedge bogs (brejo), on savanna hills, in moist or mddy areas, moist places on open savannas, on large mesas, in swamps or wet places on rocky hill- sides, in sandy soil of wet open treeless savannas dominated by grasses, in marshy places in depressed open areas of savannas with Heliamphora heterodoxa, on sandy ground near trails, in swampy savannas or savannas with bromeliads, and in sandy wet ground with Stegolepis and Brocchinia, at altitudes of 125-2000 meters, flowering in February, April, May, and July to December, fruiting from August to December. Wurdack & Adderley refer to it as "locally frequent"; Maguire and his associates found it to be "frequent" or "common on sandy banks of streams", Steyermark encountered it in swamps on open level portions of plateaus on southeast—facing mountain slopes, while Argent and his associates aay in open places on white sand in shortgrass land (pan- tanal). Gleason (1929) says that it differs from S. xeranthemoides (typical form) "in its very thick, glabrous, subcartilaginous, obtuse-margined, strongly twisted, proportionately broader, ac- tually shorter leaves, the longer peduncular sheaths, the smaller heads and the more scarious=-margined bracts". N. Y. Sandwith, in a letter to me dated November 11, 1959, says “Our Riedel (and other Brazilian material) of S. xeranthemoides has many more bracts in the head, and they tend (splitting upper ones) to be more narrow at the apex (which often looks about subacute) than the Guiana material of S. tricostatus." In his unpublished Flora of British Guiana Gleason describes S. tricostatus as "Glabrous; leaves densely cespitose, linear, l--7 cm. long, 2—3 mm. wide, thick and rigid, strongly twisted; 190 PEYTO04L0.4 LA Vol. 38, no. 3 sheaths oblique, about equaling the leaves, acute and subscarious at the tip; heads campanulate, 6--7 m. high, the involucre }); m. high, much exceeded by the silvery flowers; bracts regularly im- bricate, obtuse or rounded, scarious at the margin". He cites only the Schomburgk type. Ruiz-Terdn & Lépez-Palacios describe this plant as a "Hierba rosulada, cespitosa, en lajas, ramificada, cada rama distalmente rosulada; roseta de 6 cm. de alto; hojas rfigidas, mAs o menos erectas, incurvas, subspinascentes, espubescentes en al 4pice, verde intensas, albo-pilosas; escapos cilfndricos, erectos, rec- tos o algo simosos, 20--25 cm. de largo verdeiamarillentos, la mayorfa m4s o menos retrorcidos; capftulos hemisféricos; involucro pardo verdésulo; flores blancas o blanquecinas". They encountered it on the "orillas de la carretera" and report the local vernacu- lar name, "arib&i-pandru~jusf-yek". Material has been misidentified and distributed in some herbar- ia as typical S. xeranthemoides (Bong.) Ruhl. On the other hand, the Murga Pires, Black, Wurdack, & Silva 618) & 6552, distributed as S. tricostatus, actually are S, centauroides (Bong.) Ruhl. and Maguire 33233b & 337h7, Maguire & Maguire 35207, and Steyermark, area reg & Dunsterville 113238 are S. xeranthemoides f. brevifolius Moldenke. Maguir Maguire, , Mendes Magalhtes, & & Maguire 49090 is anomalous in its mch larger than than typical heads! Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Maguire, Phelps, Hitchcock, & Budowski 31706 (N, W—20651); Wurdack & Adderley 43691 (N, sy. Bolivar: Agostini 255 (Lw, N); Davids Davidse, Ramia, & Montes 473 (Ld); Lasser 1473 {N); B B. Sar 33233a (N, W— 2168900); R Bus tenia 1 & Lépez-Palacios 1120h (Ld), 11393 (Ac, Mi); J. A. Steyermark 59367 (N, oS 59643 pl “93485 (Lw, N)3 (N); Vareschi & Foldats 4582 ” (Ve-—lOh62), "1630 (i, Ve--LOh7h), 4734 (Ve--l0477). GUYANA: Maguire & Fanshawe 23113 (N, W— 1907819), 32239 (N); Maguire, Maguire, & Wilson-Browne 16013 (N, S); Sandwith 1372 (B, N, Ut—226A) 5 Tutin 660 (Ut—39 708A) . BRAZIL: Goids: Macedo 2138 (N, S). Maranh%o: Murga Pires & Black 22h) (N). Mato Grosso: Argent, Ramos, Richards, & | & Souza 552 (N, Z). Minas Gerais: Hatschbach 27286 (Ld, (Ld, 8); ire S552 (N, Magalh&es, & Maguire 9090 (N, S). Pard: " sick RS : [Herd. Brad. 615] ~ (Bd) . MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Gleason, Bull. Tor~ rey Bot. Club 56: 16. 1929 (W). SYNGONANTHUS XERANTHEMOIDES var. VERNONIOIDES (Kunth) Moldenke, Phytologia 29: 78. 197. Synonymy: Paepalanthus vernonioides Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 528— 529. 1841. Paepalanthus vernonioides var. q{ Kunth, Emm, Pl. 3: 529. 1841. Eriocaulon vernonioides (Kunth) D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 262. 1852. Eriocaulon vernonioides Kunth ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 280. 1055. Dupatya vernoniodes Kuntze, Rev. 1978 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 191 Gen. Pl. 2: 76. 1891. Eriocaulon vernonioides Steud. apud Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 1: 679. 1893. Dupat vernonioides Kuntze apud Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (l-30): 277, in syn. 1903. Syngonanthus vernonioides Ruhl. apud Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 175. 1908. Paepalanthus vernonioides var. a Kunth ex Moldenke, Phytologia 31: 05. 1975. Bibliography: Kunth, Enum. Pl. 3: 528—529 & 625. 18); Dietr., Syn. Pl. 5: 262. 18523; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: ae 280 & 334. 1855; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 309, 32, & S07. 1863; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 76. 1891; een in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 1: 879 (1893) and imp. 1, 2: 02. 189h; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 1, 145. 1902; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (h-30): 276, 277, 28h, 288, 292, & 293. 19033 Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: tee 19085 Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 420. 1928; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 2, 15. 1941; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. og s 879 (1946) and imp. 2, 2: 02. 1946; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 19, 31, 1, 46, 55, & 60. 196; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 93 & 21). 199; Moldenke, Phytologia he 333. 1953; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. a2 1959; Moldenke, Résumé 109, 279, 282, 293, 32h, 329, 352, & 193. 19593 Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 22. "1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 3, 1: 879 (1960) and imp. 3, 2: 02. 1960; Renné, Levant. Herb. Inst. Agron. 72. 1960; Moldenke, Résu- mé Suppl. 18: 10. 1969; Moldenke, Fifth Sum. 1: 176, 79, "& 1,86 (1971) and 2: 516, 580, 592, 638, & 966. 19715 Moldenke, Phytolo- gia 26: 476 (1973), 29: 78 (1973, and 31: 386, 387, OS, & ho8. 1975; Monteiro-Scanavacca & Mazzoni, Bol. Bot. Univ. S. Paulo h: [23], 2h, & 26. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: h2, hS, & 47 (1977) and 38: hh. 1977. This variety is based on Luschnath s.n. from "prope Macahé in Campos", deposited "in herb. Luc." According to Kunth (181) its leaves are 8--10 m. long, 2 mm. wide, smooth above, the peduncles 30--8 cm. long, the sheaths 5--6.5 cm. long, and the heads 7 m. long. However, since he also says that the "pedunculis...folia triplo superantibus", it seems obvious that he intended to de=- scribe the leaves as 8--10 cm. (not mm.) long. Ruhland (1903) cites only "Sellow B 1295 c 270", but this is most probably the type collection of Kunth's var. minor for which Kunth cites only "in summitate Serra de St. Antonio (Sellow)" in the Berlin herbarium. Ruhland fails to dispose of, or even men- tion, Kunth's var. minor, perhaps because he did not consider it sufficiently distinct, but without seeing the type of Kunth's var. Q which is the typical form of his Pacpe’antims vernonioides, it seems that he had no basis for such a decision. Recent collectors note that the leaves of this plant are often twisted and have found it growing on campos, at 1200 meters alti- tude, flowering in Jamary, and fruiting in January and February. Segadas-Vianna found it "nas turfeiras", Kunth (181) asks "An Eriocaulo caespitoso cognatus?" Silveira (1928) cites A. Silvei- 192 PHYTOLOGIA. Vol. 38, no. 3 ra 335 from the Serra de Cipé in Minas Gerais. Monteiro-Scanavacca (1976) report that there is no vegetative reproduction from the apex of the inflorescence in this species, citing Semir 31) from Minas Gerais. Material of this variety has been distributed in some herbaria as S. xeranthemoides var. confusus (Kérn.) Moldenke. Qn the other hand, the Werdermann 3847, distributed as S. xeranthemoides var. vernonioides, actually is S. squarrosus Ruhl. Citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Mendes Magalhdes 1087 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Belo Horiz. 39229] (N)s Murga Pires & Black 280 (N, 2); Segadas-Vianna 6005 (Z). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: drawings by Kornicke and by Kunth (B). SYNGONANTHUS XINGUENSIS Moldenke, Phytologia 10: 89-90. 196k. Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 10: 89-90. 1964, J. A. Clark, Card-Ind. Gen. Sp. *& Var. Pl. issue 246. 1965; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.9: 290. 1965; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 6: 3616. 1965; Schubert, Assoc. Trop. Biol. Bull. 5: 68. 1965; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1k: 131. 1970; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 176 (1971) and 2: 966. 1971. Citations: BRAZIL: Mato Grosso: Arlé 1 [Herb. Brad. 1336] (Bd--1),698—isotype, Z—type). SYNGONANTHUS YACUAMBENSIS Moldenke, Phytologia : 182. 1953. Bibliography: Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 27: 2026. 1953; Moldenke, Phytologia h: 182 & 335. 1953; Moldenke, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 9: 175. 1955; Moldenke, Résumé 80 & 4,93. 19593; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 12: 138. 1959; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 137 (1971) and 2: 966. 1971. Recent collectors refer to this plant as forming very dense mats or cushions and having white flowers. They have encountered it in marshes at altitudes of 2850—3200 meters, flowering in May, August, and October, fruiting in May. Barclay & Juajibioy found it in "wet seepage areas in open grassy slopes grazed by sheep on west-facing leeward slopes with a few patches of trees and/or shrubs", Holm-Nielsen and his associates found it "in flush bog" in an area of "dry low scrub vegetation, more humid in small hollows and valleys" and "growing in very wet [places] and in clones in spring" in areas of dry 1--3 meters tall scrub. Material has been distributed in some herbaria as Paepalanthus sp. Additional citations: ECUADOR: Azuay: Holm-Nielsen, Jeppesen, Léjtnant, & Pllgaard 481) (N), 5080 (N). Loja: Asplund 17993 (N, S, W--265250,); Barclay & Juajibioy 8500 (N). SYNGONANTHUS YAPACANENSIS Moldenke, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 8: 102- 103. 1953. Bibliography: Moldenke, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 8: 102--103. 1953; Moldenke, Phytologia : 335. 1953; Moldenke, Résumé 7) & 493. 1959; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 12: 138. 19593 Moldenke, 1978 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 193 Fifth Sum. 1: 128 (1971) and 2: 966. 1971; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 6h: 4787. 1977; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 32) Sh 75.6 1977. « Maguire and his associates refer to this plant as "locally fre- quent in clumps", the flowers white. It has been found in flower in Jamiary and February, at altitudes of 100—-130 meters. The Vareschi & Maegdefrau 6613 collection, cited below, is a mixture with S. gracilis (Bong.) Ruhl. The Steyermark & Redmond 112810, distributed as possibly S. yapacanensis, actually represents var. hirsutus Moldenke. Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Maguire, Wurdack, & Bunting 37615 (Ca--2h169, Mu, N), 37672 (N, S); Vareschi & Maegde- frau 6613 in part (Ve—l2532). " iano YAPACANENSIS var. HIRSUTUS Moldenke, Phytologia 3%: e 19 ilke Bibliography: Moldenke, Biol, Abstr. 6h: 4787. 1977; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 32 & 51. 1977. Steyermark & Redmond describe this plant as having the "scape gray=blue pubescent, heads white with buff=brown bracts" and have encountered it in dry sand savannas, flowering in December, dis- tributing it as "S. aff. yapacanensis". Citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Gentry & Tillett 10869 (Z— type); Steyermark & Redmond 112810 (Ld). TONINA Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guian. Fr. 2: 856. 1775. Synonymy: Hyphydra Schreb., Gen. 666. 1791. Touinia Aubl. ex Wittst., Etymolog.-bot. Handwérterb. 88). 1852. Eriocaulon Auct. (in part) apud Stapf, Ind. Lond. 3: 90, in syn. 1930 [not Briocau- lon Gron., 1753, nor Juss., 1810, nor L., 1742, nor (Gron.) L., 1908]. Tonnina Aubl. ex J. A. Steyerm., Act. Bot. Venez. 3: 96, sphalm. 1968. Bibliography: Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guian. Fr. 2: 856-~857, pl. 330. 17753 Rottl., Descr. Rar. Pl, Surin., ed. 1, h, pl. 1, fig. 1. 1776; Scop., Introd. Hist. Nat. 33). 1777; Rottb., Act. Lit. Univ. Hafn. 1: 272, pl. 1, fig. 1. 1778; J. F. Gmel. in L., Syst. Nat., ed. 13, 2: 206. 17913 Schreb., Gen. 2: 666. 1791; L. C. Rich., Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 113. 1792; Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 99 & 891. 1794; Henckel, Nom. Bot. 705 & 812. 1797; Raeusch., Nom. Bot. 30. 1797; Lam., Tabl. Encycl. Méth. Bot. [Illustr. Pl.j pl. 772, fig. 1. 17983 Rottb., Descr. Rar. Pl. Surin., ed. 2, 7, pl. 1, fig. 1. 1798; Steud., Nom. Bot. Phan., ed. 1, 312, 322, & 839. 1821; Lam., Tabl. Encycl. Méth. Bot. [Illustr. Pl.] 3: 358. 1823; Spreng. in L., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 891. 1826; Desv., Ann. Sci. Nat. Paris, ser. 1, 13: pl. 5, fig. 4. 1828; Bong., Ess. Monog. Erioc. 7&15. 1831; Mart. in Wall., Plant. As. Rar. 3: 27. 1832; Mart., Nov. Act. Physico—med. Acad. Caes. Leopold.—Carol. Nat. Cur. 17 (1) (Erioc. Selbst. Pflanzenfam.] h, 6, 7, 1516, 30, 35, 37, & 56, pl. Ls fig. 1—15, & pl. h, fig. ae 1835; Endl., Gen. iyalis 2S 1836; Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 585. 180; Kunth, Enum, Pl. 3: 494-495 & 612. 1841; Meisn., Pl. Vasc. Gen. 1: 07. 182; 19h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 3 Schnitzl., Iconogr. 1: pl. 6, fig. 13--19. 1845; Lindl., Veg. Kingd., ed. 1, 122 & 830, fig. 82 (1846) and ed. 2, 122 & 830, fig. 82. 1847; Klotzsch in M. R. Schomb., Reisen Brit.—Guian. [Vers. Fauna & Fl. Brit.-Guian.] 3: 896, 1063, & 1116. 188; Wittst., Etymolog.-bot. Handwirterb. 88). 1852; Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: [Cyp.] 283, 333, & 347. 1855; Korn., Linnaea 27: [561] & S71. 1856; C. Mill. in Walp., Ann. Bot. Syst. 5: 921 & 964. 1860; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 301—302, 499, 501, 505, & 507, pl. 38, fig. 1. 1863; LeMaout & Decne., Trait. Gén. Bot. 598. 1868; Sauv., Anal. Acad. Sci. Habana 7: 715. 1871; LeMaout, Decne., & Hook., Gen. Syst. Bot. 871 & 873. 1873; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 3 (2): 1020 & 102h—-1025. 1883; Hieron. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 1, 2 (lk): 22 & 2h—27, fig. 13. 1888; C. Mull. in Just, Bot. Jagresber. 16 (1): 769. 1888; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 76. 1891; Morong, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 18: 352. 1891; Gomez de la Maza, Not. Bot. Sist. 9 & 11). 1893; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 1: 877, 879, & 1195. 1893; V. A. Pouls., Bot. Tidsskr. 18: 279-292 & 296, pl. 20, fig. A, & pl. 21. 1893; Baill., Hist. Pl. 12: 399 & 02, fig. 372—37h. 189k; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 2: 1088. 1895; Engl., Syllab. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 86. 1898; Dalla Torre & Harms, Gen. Siphonog., imp. 1, 53. 19005 Engl., Syllab. Pflanzen- fam., ed. 3, 92. 1903; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (h-30): 2, h, 12-20, 22, 25, 29, 30, 239--2hO, 28h, & 29h, fig. 35. 19033 Post & Kuntze, Lexicon 293 & 563. 190; Engl., Syllab. Pflanzen- fam., ed. 5, 94. 1907; Dalla Torre & Harms, Gen. Siphonog., imp. 1, 903. 1908; Pilg. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. Erganz. 2, Nachtr. 3 gu 2: 37 & hO. 19083 Engl., Syllab. Pflanzenfam., ed. 6, 99. 19095 Gilg in Engl., Syllab. Pflanzenfam., ed. Ts 138 (1912), ed. 8, 140 (1919), and ed. 9 & 10, 152. 192h3 Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: 420. 1928; Ruhl. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzen- fam., ed. 2, 15a: hO, hS, h6, 49, Su, 55, & 699, fig. 22. 1930; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 3: 90 (1930) and 6: 316. 19313 Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 58: 326. 1931; J. Hutchinson, Fam. Flow. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 67 & 242. 19343 Diels in Engl., Syllab. Pflanzenfam. ed. 11, 1Sh. 1936; J. F. Macbr., Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 13 (363): 489, l9h, & i4- 1936; Moldenke, N. Am. Fl. 19: 17 & 6. 19373 Uittien & Heyn in Pulle, Fl. Surin. 1 [Meded. Konink. Ver. Ind. Inst. 30, Afd. Handelsmus. 11]: 21)-—-215. 1938; Moldenke, Phyto- logia 1: 347—-348. 1939; Moldenke, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 522: 147—1h8. 190; Nakai & Honda, Nov. Fl. Jap. 6: & 88. 190; Moldenke in Woodson & Schery, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 28: 411 (19h1) and 31: 71. 19h; Castell. in Descole, Gen. & Sp. Pl. Argent. 3: 76 & 10h. 1945; Abbiatti, Rev. Mus. La Plata Bot., ser. 2, 6: (311) & 313—315. 196; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 2, 1: 877, 879, & 1195 (1946) and imp. 2, 2: 1088. 196; Leén, Fl. Cuba, imp. 1, 1: 279, 28h, & 436. 1946; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 1: 3, 10, 13h, 186, 265, 266, 292, & 312. 19h63; Molden- ke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 5—7, 19, 32, 42, & 60. 19h6; Reko, Bol. Soc, Bot. Mex. : 36. 196; Hodge, Revist. Fac. Nac. Agron. Medellin 7: 286. 1947; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 379 (197) 1978 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 195 and 2: 511. 1948; Moldenke in Maguire & al., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 75: 203. 198; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 2: 610 & 643 (1948), 32 655, 779, 806, 902, 940, 945, & 976 (1949), and hz 111), bh, 1169, 1188, & 1210. 19493 Anon., Determinac. Ejemp. Herb. Fac. Nac. Agron. Medellin 50. 199; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Ver- benac., [ed. 2]: 3h, 38, Ls, 57, él, 65, 67-—69, (5) 935 & 21h. 19493; Erdtman, Pollen Morph. & Pl. Tax., ed. 1, 163 & 537. 1952; Moldenke, Phytologia : 335--337. 19533 F. C. Hoehne, Pl. Aquat. 88. 1955; Angely, Cat. Estat. 10: [2]. 19563 Angely, Fl. Paran. 10: h, 8, 10, & 11. 1957; Alain, Revist. Soc. Cub. Bot. 15: 56. 1958; Dalla Torre & Harms, Gen. Siphonog., imp. 2, 53 & 903. 1958; Standl. & Steyerm., Fieldiana Bot. 2h: 37h & 380. 1958; Soukup, Biota 2: 300--302. 1959; J. Hutchinson, Fam. Flow. Pl., ed. 2, 576 & 788. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé hh, 45, 17, 53, 63, 69, 7h, 76— 78, 80, 8h, 109, 295, 301, 355, LOO, 416, & 193. 19593 Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 5, 23, & 26. 19593; Angely, Liv. Gen. Bot. Bras. 19 & 57. 1960; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 3, 1: 877, 879, & 1195 (1960) and imp. 3, 2 1088. 1960; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 35: 1688. 1960; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. Awl: 592. 19623 Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 4: 5. 19623; Dalla Torre & Harms, Gen. Siphonog., imp. 3, 53 & 903. 19633 Hegnauer, Chemotax. Pfl. 2: 153. 1963; Lima, Anais XV Congr. Soc. Bot. Bras. 353. 196; Mel- chior in Engl., Syllab. Pflanzenfam., ed. 12, 2: 556. 1963; F. A. Barkley, List Ord. Fam. Anthoph. 113 & 216. 1965; Thanikaimoni, Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris, ser. 2, Belk: 9—38. 1965; Thanikaimoni, Pollen & Spores 7: 181—183, 187, & 190, tab. 1. 1965; Van Donselaar, Wentia 1): 70. 1965; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 12: 12 (1965) and 1h: 10. 1966; Airy Shaw in Willis, Dict. Flow. Pl., ed. 7, 571 & 1129. 1966; Anon., Gen. Costa Ric. Phan. 2. 1966; Erdtman, Pollen Morph. & Pl. Tax., ed. 2, 163 & 537. 1966; Thanikaimoni, Biol. Abstr. 7: 4169. 1966; Moldenke, Résumé Sup- pl. 15: (1967) and 17: 12. 1968; Aristeguieta, Act. Bot. Venez. 3: 25 & 37. 1968; Leandri, Adansonia, ser. 2, 8: lhl. 1968; J. A. Steyerm., Act. Bot. Venez. 3: 96. 1968; Lasser, Act. Bot. Venez. hs 35. 1969; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 18: 5. 1969; Tomlinson in C. R. Metcalfe, Anat. Monocot. 3: [146], 148, 149, 156, 157, 159, 162, 166, 167, 170, 175, 18h, & 187—192, fig. 33 A—G. 19693 Dirven, Surinam. Landbouw 18 (2): 59. 19703; Soukup, Raimondiana 32: 32 & 89. 1970; Moldenke, Phytologia 20: 86 & 105 (1970) and 20: 512. 1971; Erdtman, Pollen Morph. & Pl. Tax., ed. 3, 163 & 537. 1971; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 82, 8), 86, 89, 98, 112, 120, 128, 131, 133, 13h, 137, 143, & 177 (1971) and 2: h92, 493, 513, 517, 531, 643, 64h, 7h6, 769, & 966. 19713 Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fito~ geogr. Est. S. Paulo, ed. 1, 6: 1156 & 116h, Ind. 29. 19723 Mol- denke, Phytologia 2: 169 & 511 (1972) and 25: 228 & 511..1973; Airy Shaw in J.C. Willis, Dict. Flow. Pl., ed. 8, 585. 1973; J. Hutchinson, Fam. Flow. Pl., ed. 3, 712 & 964. 19733 Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 55: 242 & h2h9. 1973; Gibbs, Chemotax. Flow. Pl. 2: 1122. 197h; Leén & Alain, Fl. Cuba, imp. 2, 1: 279, 28h, & 436. 197; CA&rdenas de Guevara, Act. Bot. Venez. 10: 39 & [69]. 19753 Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 35 & 512 (1975) and 31: 382 & 512. 196 PHYTOL 06 ta Vol. 38, no. 3 1975; Molina R., Ceiba 19: 2h. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 3h: 253 & 511 (1976), 35: 309, 359, & 511 (1977), 36: 30, 32, 47, & 511 (1977), and 37: 261 & 512. 1977. Gleason, in his unpublished Flora of British Guiana, describes this gems as having "Flowers 3-merous; petals of the staminate flowers united into a short 3-lobed tube, those of the pistillate flowers free, minute, linear-subulate, densely pilose; stamens 3, anthers 2-locellate; style with 3 short appendages; stigmas 3, short, 2~lobed. Herbaceous plants of water or wet places, with elongate, freely branched, leafy stems, and scattered, axillary, bracteate heads on sheathless peduncles." The type species is T. fluviatilis Aubl. This is a monotypic gems of tropical portions of the New World. Uittien & Heyn (1938) summarize its distribution as "in Guiana, tropical Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia, Cuba and Trinidad". They describe it as having “Bracts about as long as the male flowers, half as long as the female flowers, ciliate at the mar— gin near the apex. Male flowers: subglobular, stipitate; sepals 3, connate at the base, circular, concave, micromlate, including the small, tubular 3-lobed corolla; stamens 3, with 1-celled an- thers. Female flowers: sepals 3, free, ovate-lanceolate, carin- ate, mucronate, ciliate at the margin near the apex; petals rudi- mentary, reduced to a tuft of hairs. Style with 3 bipartite stigmas and 3 appendages. Seed ellipsoid, papillose, with 8 lon- gitudinal ridges, apiculate". Angely (1957) says "0 centro vege= tativo 6 o Brasil desde o Amazonas até a Bahia, tendo sido encon~ trada nos Estados de Amazonas, Par&, Maranhfo, Cearé, Pernambuco e Bahia". The name, Tonina, is derived from the aboriginal name for the plant in French Guiana. There is a genus Toninia Mass., 1852 (Toninia Th. Fries, 187), Toninia Pfeiff., 1904] in the lichens, sometimes regarded as synonymous with Touinia. In Biol. Abstr. 58: 690 (197) Toninia is erroneously indexed under the Eriocau- laceae. Some of the works listed in the bibliography above are some- times cited under differing publication dates. For instance, the Martius (1835) work is often cited in both its original and its separate/reprint form as "1833", which, indeed, was the date of its submission to the Academy for publication, but according to the late botanical bibliographer par excellence, Dr. John Hendley Barnhart, is was not actually published until 1835. The Meisner (18,2) work is sometimes cited as "1836-183", but the page in- volved here was actually issued in 182; similarly, the Endlicher (1836) reference is sometimes given as "1836-1856", but the page involved here was issued in 1836. The Schnitzlein (185) refer- ence is sometimes cited as "18,7" and the Steyermark (1968) work as "1969", again apparently erroneously. Stapf (1930) adopts "1906" for the Pilger work of 1908. The title-page date for the Angely (1972) work is "1970", but the work was not actually is- sued until two years later. 1978 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 197 The Gardner 1863, distributed in some herbaria as Tonina, is not eriocaulaceous. TONINA FLUVIATILIS Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guian. Fr. 2: 857, pl. 330. 1775. Additional & emended synonymy: Eriocaulon amplexicaule Rottb., Descr. Rar. Pl. Surin., ed. 1, h, pl. 1, fig. 1.1776. Hyphydra amplexicaulis Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 99.179. Eriocavlon amplexi- caule Raeusch., Nom. Bot. 30. 1797. Eriocaulon sphagnoides Poepp. ex Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): 302, in syn. 1863. Hyphydra amplexicaulis Schreb. apud Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (l—30): 2h0, in syn. 1903. Eriocaulon amplexicaule (Vahl) Rottb. apud Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 347, in syn. 1939. Tonina triandra Mart. ex Moldenke, Phytologia h: 336, in syn. 1953. Tonina andra Mart. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 23, in syn. 1959. Tonina fluviatilis L. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 12: 12, in syn. 1965. Tonina fluviatilis (L.) Buchenau ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1h: 10, in syn. 1966. Tonnina fluviatilis Aubl. apud J. A. Steyerm., Act. Bot. Venez. 3: 96, sphalm. 1960. Tonina guianensis Samuels ex Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 7, in syn. 1977. Bibliography: See under the germs as a whole. Illustrations: Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guian. Fr. h: pl. 330. 1775; Rottl., Descr. Rar. Pl. Surin., ed. 1, pl. 1, fig. 1. 17765 Rottl., Act. Lit. Univ. Hafn. 1: pl. 1, fig. 1. 1778; Lam., Tabl. Encyel. Méth. Bot. [Illustr.] pl. 772, fig. 1. 1798; Rottb., Descr. Rar. Pl. Surin., ed. 2, pl. 1, fig. 1. 1798; Desv., Ann. Sci. Nat. Paris, ser. 1, 13: pl. 5, fig. h. 1828; Mart., Nov. Act. Physico-med. Acad. Caes. Leopold.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 17 (1): pl. 1, fig. 1-15, & pl. h, fig. 2. 1835; Schnitzl., Iconogr. 1: pl. h6, fig. 13-19. 1845; Lindl., Veg. Kingd., ed. 1, 122, fig. 82 (1846) and ed. 2, 122, fig. 82. 1847; Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): pl. 38, fig. 1. 1863; Hieron. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflan- zenfam., ed. 1, 2 (4): 2h, fig. 13. 1888; V. A. Pouls., Bot. Tids— skr. 18: pl. 20, Fig. A. 1893; Baill., Hist. Pl. 12: 399, fig. 372—37h. 1894; Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzenreich 13 (4-30): 239, fig. 35. 1903; Ruhl. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 15a: 5h, fig. 22. 1930; Thanikaimoni, Pollen & Spores 7: 183, tab. 1. 1965; Tomlinson in C. R. Metcalfe, Anat. Monocot. 3: 156, fig. 33 A—G. 1969. This is the type species of the gemus and thus far its only known species, albeit somewhat variable with several named vari- eties. It occurs from Cuba and Veracruz, Mexico, south to Trin idad, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, eastern Peru, and central Brazil. Gleason (1931) avers that it is "widely dis- tributed and very common at low altitudes throughout tropical South America", Macbride (1936) records it from Loreto and San Martin, Peru, and comments: “Extending to Brazil and Central America", He refers to the genus as "A rather artificial gems, but conveniently accepted", citing: PERU: Loreto: Killip & Smith 26908, Klug 305, Ll. Williams 3779 & 7995. San Martin: Weber- 198 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 3 bauer 16523 all doubtless in the Field Museum herbarium. He com- ments that "Peduncles seemingly extra-axillary". Tonina triandra is based on an unnumbered Martius collection from "aquis stag- nantibus prope Par4 urbem, August. 1819" in the Munich herbarium. Recent collectors describe the plant as an aquatic or semi- aquatic, procumbent to ascending herb, 10—60 cm. tall, the stems light- or pale-green, trailing to more or less erect, the leaves herbaceous, glossy, light— or medium-green, the flowers green, greenish, or white [Cordeiro 75], and the fruit brown, light- brown, dark-brown, or straw-color. Sastre says "tige marron clair, fruit marron foncé, fleurs vertes". Collectors have found this plant growing in quiet waters of marshes, swamps, ponds, and streams, in white sand in wet places, damp and damp sandy places, wet savannas and their margins, pineland savannas, and in sand submerged under water, in mangrove forests, along brooks and small streams, on streambanks and sandy riverbanks, on open slopes, varzea land, and moist cliffs, in capoeira, om the rocky margins of rapids, in open sites near sec=- ondary forests, among grasses and sedges in marshes, and on sand near water, at altitudes of sealevel to 1300 meters, flowering fruiting in every month of the year. Irwin and his associates refer to it as "rhizomatous, infrequent in scrub thickets in and bordering savannas". Hermann found it on "wet streambanks in shade of open forests on llanos", while Prance and his associates encountered it in "black water flooded clearings beside river, in sandy soil". Lima reports it "common" and Feddema calls it "very common in marshy areas". Goodland encountered it in "grassland with scattered trees, Curatella, Byrsonima, Trachypo- gon, and Fimbristylis dominant", while Maas found it in "swampy areas with many palms in secondary vegetation". McKee refers to it as "erect in damp grassy ground behind beach"; Nees & Mori call it "abundant along damp weedy or brushy roadside in rain- forest with some recent clearing and logging". Core found it "in wet soil or even as an emersed hydrophyte". Bhorai found it growing “in drains and places where water remains in the wet sea- son"; Wurdack & Adderley refer to it as "locally abundant, forming mats in moist ditches" [exactly as my wife and I observed it near Belém, Brazil]. Richardson reports it from "wet ditches by track verge" and Schipp refers to it as a "medium-sized aquatic herb growing in shallow swampy places, occasional". Davidse found it "in mad with herbaceous vegetation in and around morichal with standing water, the morichal dominated by Mauritia flexuosa". Calderén & Soderstrom encountered it in igapé swamp with Maurit- ia flexosa and bamboo and report it "abundant in full sun"; Gentry & Fallen refer to it as a "terrestrial herb, the inflor- escence brownish". Gleason, in his unpublished Flora of British Guiana, describes this plant as follows: "Stems 1—10 dm. long; leaves linear, 1--2 cm. long, 1—l mm. wide, frequently recurved; peduncles 1—5 mm. long; heads 3—5 mm. in diameter; bracts lanceolate. Throughout, 1978 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 199 in quiet water and on wet sandy shores, common and variable." He cites Appun 812, Bartlett s.n., De la Gruz 1130, 177, 2006, 3523, & 3967, Gleason 103 & 640, Hitchcock 16861, Jenman 2507, 3717, 3718, & 4667, Linder 5), Parker s.n., and Schomburgk 158 & 19h. Kornicke (1863) cites the following: VENEZUELA: Trujillo: Moritz 977. State undetermined: Otto s.n. GUYANA: R. Schomburgk 158. SURINAM: Hostmann & Kappler 608, Kegel s.n., Splitgerber s.n., Weigelt s.n. FRENCH GUIANA: Martin s.n., Poiteau s.n., Stoupy s. n. BRAZIL: Amazénas: Poeppig 2621. Bahia: Riedel s.n. Mato Grosso: Riedel 122), Weddell 3426. Pard: Gardner 1170, Martius s.n. Rio de Janeiro: Riedel 55h. Uittien & Heyn (1938) cite from Surinam: Boldingh 3823, Collec- tor undetermined 17F, Essed 121, Focke 347, Hostmann 608, Hulk 307, Kuyper 100, Landré 1773, Pulle 74 & 159, Splitgerber 187, Stahel 192, Tulleken 76, Versteeg 476, Voltz s.n., Weigelt s.n., and Wullschlaégel 775, all deposited in the Berlin and/or Leiden her- baria. Silveira (1928) cites A. Silveira 1,3 from Cunani, Pard, Brazil. Ruhland (1903) does not cite any specimens but gives the distribution of the species as Cuba, Trinidad, Colombia, Ven- ezuela, Surinam, Guyana, French Guiana, and Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Maranhfo, Para). Erdtman (1952) describes the pollen, based on Ll. Williams 3779 from Peru. An interesting note on Sellow 689 states that in attempting its identification search was made for it in the Commelinaceae, Halorhagidaceae, and Aizoaceae! The label on Murga Pires & Cavalcante 52325 avers that the plant is a "creep- ing shrub" — surely either an error in transcription or a case of mixed labels. Boon 115) is a mixture with Paepalantims lamarckii Kunth. Material of Tonina fluviatilis has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as Hyptis longifolia Epling and as Actinostachys sp. On the other hand, the Murga Pires & Caval- cante 521,13, distributed as Tonina fluviatilis, actually is Syn- gonanthus macrocaulon Ruhl., Halle 710 is Elodea granatensis Humb. & Bonpl., and Murga Pires & Silva 2) is something else not eriocaulaceous. Additional citations: MEXICO: Veracruz: Orcutt 6508 (W—1267023). BELIZE: Schipp 693 (Ca-=l65353). HONDURAS: Gracias a Dfos: Bark- ley & Nelson 0621 (Ld). NICARAGUA: Zelaya: McKee 11250 (W-- 2634686). COSTA RICA: Puntarenas: Kupper 1397 (Mu, Mu); Tonduz Woh2 (W—-1080298). San José: Skutch ANS: (W—164216), 3891 (W-- 1644512). PANAMA: Veraguas: Lewis, Croat, & Hawker 276) (N). CUBA: Pinar del Rfo: Ekman 11120 (W--1302531); Leén & Victorin 17613 (N). Province undetermined: C. Wright 3242 (W—l635, W-- 936866). TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: Trinidad: Bhorai B.886 [Trin. Bot. Gard. Herb. 19296] (Ft—-2h45); Britton, Britton, & Hazen 78 (N, W—106790); Britton, Britton, & Mendelson 1069 (N, W—10)7260) ; 200 PHY: T.OsL0'G Th Vol. 38, no. 3 Britton & Hazen 63 (N, W-—106958); W. E. Broadway 5723 (Ca— 41600), sen. [Aripo savannah, Jamary 23, 1911] (N); Cowan & Richardson 1162 (Mm, N); Finlay s.n. [Herb. Trin. Bot. Gard. 1959] (W—936865); Herb. Bot. Gard. Trin. 82) (W—81187); Othmer s.n. [3/XII/1903] (Mu--389); W. D. Richardson 506 (N); E. Wall 6 (S). COLOMBIA: Amazonas: Schultes & Cabrera 15611 (Ss). Amazonas or Vaupés: Garcfa-Barriga 13721 (N, W—205838)); Schultes & Cabrera 1030 (Ss), 14053 (Ss), 14556 (Z), 1460) (Ss), 14618 (Ss), 14681 (Ws). Antioquia: Archer 334 (W--15)1922); E. L. Core 851 (Ca— 26633, N, W--2105357); Daniel 272 (W--2025763); Feddema 211) (Mi, N, W—20139); Schultes & Cabrera 1868 (Ss); Scolnik, Ara- que Molina, & Barkley 19An)15 (Vi). Caquet&: Davidse, Gentry, & Llanos 569 (N); Sastre 455 (P, P). Cauca: F. C. Lehmann 1950 (W—933523); Pennell & Killip 6252 (N, W--11)2065); Pittier 52h (N, W—530713), 945 (W--531139). ChocS: Araque Molina & Barkley 19Ch093 (Ok, W—1999659, Ws); Archer 1664 (W--1518918); E. L. Core 347 (W--2105178); Cuatrecasas & Llano 24029 (W—23203K8) ; Gentry & Fallen 17828 (N); Killip 35358 (W—1772077); Sneidern 498 (Ca—-968101, Mi, S, W-—-2056563, Ws). Magdalena: C. Allen 597 (E—1014420). Meta: Cuatrecasas 3509 (W--1773831), Lh98 (W— 177037); Davidse & Llanos 5396 (N); F. W. Pennell 1526 (N, W—— 101798). Nariflo: André 3387 (W--157171h); F. R. Fosberg 212h2 (W—2109018); Sneidern A.510 (Mi, S). Putumayo: Schultes & Cab- rera 19063 (Ss). Santander: Fassett 25066 (N, W—202h33, Ws); Killip & Smith 1916 (N, W--1350880); Nee & Mori 3808 (Ws). Val- le del Cauca: Cuatrecasas 16961 (W--2772699), 19801 (W—156)306) ; F. R. Fosberg 20499 [Herb. U. S. Nat. Arb. 282600] (W--2165)60) 5 Killip 1151) (N, W—11)3230); Killip & Hernando Garcia 33298 (W— 177025); Kgie 4809 (Cp, Ok); Pennell & Killip 5982 (N, W—11h2001). Vaupés: Schultes & Cabrera 17162 (S, Ss), 19429 (Ss). Vichada: F. J. Hermann 11051 (W—-2655142). Department undetermined: Schwabe 43288 (N, S). Angostura: Bailey & Bailey 1359 (Ba, N). Anzoate- gui: Pittier 15163 (W—1909005). Bolivar: J. A. Steyermark 88372 (N). Gudrico: Aristeguieta 6178 (Ac); Davidse 3800 (N). Monagas: Cumana & Lampe 776 (W——2820752); Wurdack & Monachino 39538 (N). Trujillo: Moritz 977 (B). Zulia: Bruijn 1475 (N). State undeter- mined: Gruss s.n. (N); Otto 1100 (B). GUYANA: J. S. de la Cruz 1130 (N, W--1069986), 1747 (Ba, Ca—-280791, Mi, N, W--1190222), 2006 (Ba, Ca--25937, Mi, N, W-~1190)33), 3523 (Ca—-299991, N, W— 1282763), 3967 (Ca--280232, N, W—1231859); H. A. Gleason 103 (N, W--1069760), 640 (N, W--1191099); Goodland 880 (N, W—25),8131); E. H. Graham 399 (N, W—1hh132); S. G. Harrison 737 (K), 1013 (K); A. S, Hitchcock 16861 (N, W—1056073); Irwin 2h3 (W—21)3770) ; 1978 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 201 Jenman 3718 (N), 4667 (C); Linder 54 (N); Rich. Schomburgk 158 (B, T). SURINAM: Boldingh 3823 (Ut—-10767, Ut--836)08); Boon 115 in part (Ut—~367); Boven 192 (Ut—IOl1A; Dirven LP.422 (Ut— 292138); Donselaar & Donselaar 173 (Ut—93605B); Essed 121 (Ut— 40,08); Hostmann 608 (B, Ut—93612B); Hulk 307 (Ut—31953)5; Ir- Win, Prance, Soderstrom, & Holmgren 55982 (N, S); Kuiper 100 (Ut— 1,038A); Lanjouw & Lindeman H.2h (Ut—17882B); Lindeman 022 (N); Loche 37 (Ut—12); Maguire & Stahel 25025 (S, Ss—-182992) 5 Mennega 13), (Ut—-93613B), 300 (Ut—9 3618) ; Pulle 159 (Ut-- 039A) , 17h (Ut—hOW2A); Samuels 348 (N), sen. [Apr. 10, 1916] (W—537879), sen. [May 23, 1916] (W--537916); Schweinitz s.n. (T); Soeprato 17F (Ut—b043A); Versteeg 476 (Ut-—-l15); Voltz s.n. (Ut—h1); Weigelt s.n. [1827] (B, Mi, Mu--273). FRENCH GUIANA: Black, Vicent, & Colmet d'Aage 5)-17)55 (N); W. E. Broadway 343 (N) 5 Collector undetermined 180 (B); Jelski s.n. [Cayenne] (B, W— 123208) ; Leprieur s.n. [Herb. Hance 269] (Pd), sen. [1838] (N); Maguire & Cowan 38039 (N); Martin 179 (B, B, B, N); Mélinon s.n. (B); Poiteau s.n. (B); Schnell 11836 (N, P). ECUADOR: Esmeraldas: Sparre 18307 (S). PERU: Loreto: Asplund 13933 (Gg—l03687, N, W— 222778); Killip & Smith 26908 (N, W—1160731); Klug 305 (N, W— 1455307); Ll. Williams 3779 (W—1h96610). BRAZIL: Acre: Calderén & Soderstrom 231 (W--2810156). Amapd: Irwin, Murcga Pires, & Westra 47902 (N); Murga Pires & Cavalcante 52325 (N). Amaz6nas: J. T. Baldwin 3553 (W—1878945), 3557 (Ew); Chagas s.n. [Herb. Inst. Nac. Pesq. Amaz. 2h] (Bs); Coélho s.n. [Herb. Inst. Nac. Pesq. Amaz. 99] (Bs); Frées & Addison 29288 (Be~-78825) ; Lit- zelburg 21959 (Mu), 21992 (Mu), 22896 (Mu); Maas & Maas 511 (N, W—2723002); Prance, Coélho, Kubitzki, Harley, Maas, Sastre, & Smith 11671 (Id, N); Prance, Maas, Atchley, Steward, Woolcott, Coélho, Monteiro, Pinheiro, & Ramos 11087 (Ac, N), 1hW71 (Ac, N)j ca ce eee Fe ee Bahia: Blanchet 108 (M); Glocker 52 (B); L. Riedel 366 (B, Ut— 413); Sellow 7 (B), 689 (B), sen. [inter Vittoria et Bahia] (B). Cear&: Drouet 2558 (Mi, N, W—159l892); J. Eugenio 397 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 4512] (N). Maranhfo: G. Gardner 6100 (B). Mato Grosso: Berg, Steward, Ramos, Monteiro, & Lima P.18)51 (Ld, N)3 Cordeiro 75 (Id). Par&: C. F. Baker 07 (Mu); Dahlgren & Sella 111 (W—11,71406), 725 (W—1h71417); Drouet 204) (Mi, N)5 Ginzberger & Zerny s.n. [18 Mai 1927] (V—10787); Huber 07 (Ut— 42602); Martius s.n. [Par& ubi descripsi, Aug. 1819] (Mu—268, Mu-—-269), s.n. [aquis stagnantibus prope Pard urbem, Aug. 1819] (Mu--267), sen. [Brasilia] (Mu--270); Murca Pires & Black 8 (Herb. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 5548] (N); Murga Pires & Silva 227 (N, Z), W2hh (N, Z); Prance & Pennington 1746 (S); Spruce 110 (Mu—271), s.n. [In vicinibus Paré, Jul.—Aug. 189] (N). Para- 202 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 3 fba: Vasconcellos s.n. [Herb. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 50097] (N). Pernambuco: G. Gardner sen. [III.1837] (N); Pickel 156 (B), 1982 (W--1518816), 2246 (W--1173258), sen. [Pambos, Jan. 1931] (Ba, W 1523230). Rio de Janeiro: Brade 15003 [Herb. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 2861] (B, N). Rondénia: Prance, Forero, Coélho, Ramos, & Farias 5839 (Ld, N, S, W—2573050A). Roraima: Black 51-12708 (N). State undetermined: Burchell 968 (V--9281, W--3321), 9555 (T, W— 33231); G. Gardner 6010 (N); Herb. A. Gray s.n. (T); Merat s.n. [Brasilia 1822] (B); Sellow 689 (B). LOCALITY OF COLLECTION UNDE- TERMINED: Herb. Zuccarini s.n. (Mu——272). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Korn. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 3 (1): pl. 38, fig. 1. 1863 (B, B, B, N, Z), fig. 7346 (Mu); drawings & notes by Kérnicke (B). TONINA FLUVIATILIS f. OBTUSIFOLIA Moldenke, Phytologia 7: 87. 1959. Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 7: 87. 1959; Moldenke, Ré- sumé Suppl. 1: 5 & 26. 19593 Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 35: 1688. 1960; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.k: 592. 1962; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. h: 5. 1962; Moldenke, Fifth Sum, 1: 128 & 131 (1971) and 2: 966. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 32. 1977. This form differs from the typical form of the species in having its leaves short and broad, 10--12 mm. long, to 4 mm. wide when mature, and blunt or obtuse at the apex. Citations: GUYANA: Sandwith 102 (N—isotype, Ut—-l223A—type) . TONINA FLUVIATILIS f. PARVIFOLIA Moldenke, Phytologia 2): 169. 1972. Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 2h: 169 (1972) and 25: 228. 1973; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 55 (8): B.AS.1.C. S.201 & S.266. 1973; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 55: 22. 1973. This form differs from the typical form of the species in hav- ing its leaves much smaller, only 5--9 mm. long and 2—}3 mm. wide, 3—~7-veined with rather conspicuous parallel veins extending from the base to the apex, the apex itself abruptly acute, the lowest 1/3 more or less clasping the stem, and the nodes of the stem conspicuously whitish-hispid with wide-spreading or somewhat reflexed hairs. In some herbaria it has been confused with f. obtusifolia Moldenke. Citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Foldats 3780 (N-type, Ve— isotype). WURDACKIA Moldenke ex Angely, Cat. Estat. 10: [2], nom. md., 1956; Moldenke in Maguire, Steyerm., & Wurdack, Mem. N. Y. Bot, Gasd. 93 413. 1957. Bibliography: Angely, Cat. Estat. 10: [2]. 19565 Angely, Pl. Paran. 10: 8, 10, & 11. 1957; Moldenke in Maguire, Steyerm., & Wur~ dack, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 9: 13—h14. 1957; Moldenke, Résumé 74, 00, & 493. 1959; Airy Shaw in J. C. Willis, Dict. Flow. Pl., ed. 7, 1197. 1966; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 13: 145. 1966; Mol- denke, Fifth Summ. 1: 128 (1971) and 2: 746 & 966. 1971; Airy Shaw in J. C. Willis, Dict. Flow. Pl., ed. 8, 1228. 1973 [to be contimed] NOTES ON THE CLUSIACEAE - CHIEFLY OF PANAMA, II. Bassett Maguire - These notes constitute the second in my report on a preli- minary review of Panama Clusiaceae, most of the material of which has been placed in my hands by the authorities of the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden on behalf of a treatment of the family for the Flora of Panama, The following notations are offered with names. of taxa in alphabetical sequence, ie Clusia coclensis Standley, Ann. Mo, Bot. Gard, 27: 321. 190. Type. Shrub 1-1/2 m, flowers white, vicinity of El Valle, Panama, 800-1000 m alt, 5 Sept 1938, Paul H, Allen rae (holotype F, isotype MO). Distribution, Usually a small tree or shrub, upland fo- rests, sometimes of more open areas; Panama: Provinces of Chi- riquf, Coclé, Panamf, and, doubtfully, San Blas. PANAMA, Chiriguf: epiphytic shrub in cloud forest, trees to 5 m tall, 500-5500 ft alt, lower montane rain forest N of San Felix at Chiriquf{-Bocas del Toro border, on Cerro Colorado cop- per mine road along continental divide, 5 May 1975, Mori & Kal- Junki 5944 (NY). Coclé: 5 Sept 1938, Allen 771 (holotype F, isotype MO) ; laticiferous shrub, fruits gree green, , cloud forest on slopes of Cerro Pilon near El Valle, 10 Jun 1967, Duke 12114 (NY, MO); small tree 5 m high, 9, latex scanty, clearish be- coming sugary, leaves thickly coriaceous, pale beneath, fruit globose, less than 1 cm long, beak about 1 cm, styles i, very short, stigmas spreading, La Mésa, Cerro Gaital, 3 mi NW of El Valle, 9 Nov 1967, Maguire & Maguire 61498 (NY); bushy tree 6 m high, 9, latex moderate, yellowish, leaves subsessile, fruit glo- bose, flask-shaped, commissural lines slightly depressed, whi- tish, styles short, 5(6), sepals 2 pairs, La Mésa, Cerro Gaital, 3 mi NW of El Valle, 9 Nov 1967, Maguire & Maguire 61499 (NY); common shrub, latex scanty, fruits green, said to be an impor- tant bird food, elfin forest, Cerro Caracoral, ca 1000 m alt, 19 Jan 1968, Duke & Dwyer 15073 (NY); small tree with clearish scanty latex, occasional in low wet bush, La Mésa, 6 km above El Valle, 18 Jan 1975, Maguire & Huang 65520 (NY), Panamé: shrub to 3 m, fruits green, white striped, cloud forest, Cerro The New York Botanical Garden, 203 20h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 3 Jefe, 19 Aug 1967, Elias & Hayden 1805 (NY). San Blas: epi- phytic tree, in primary forest along newly cut road from El Llano to Carti-Tupile, continental divide to 1 mi from divide, 300-500 m alt, 30 Mar 1973, Liesner 1263 (MO). This specimen is ques- tionably assigned to Clusia coclensis. 2 Clusia ae Standley, Field Mus, Pub, Bot, 22: 159, 1940. Type. Tree or shrub 10-15 ft, flower white, rain forest, crest of Cana-Cuasi Trail, Chepigana District, Darién, Panama, 1500 m alt, 15 Mar 1940, M, E, & R, A, Terry 1565 (holotype F, isotype MO). Known only by the type collection, The specimen is inade- quate for any resolution of status. Sic Clusia fructiangusta Cuatrecasas, Rev, Acad, Colomb, Cienc, iis Syewlc OF Type. Costa del Pacffico, Isla del Guayabal, en la disem- bocadura del rfo Cajambre, 0-5 malt, Dept, del Valle, Colombia, 11-12 Feb 1944, José Cuatrecasas 16206 (c’ holotype COL, isotype NY). Cotype. 9, same data, Cuatrecasas 16202 (COL, NY). Distribution, Coastal Colombia and Ecuador, and Prov, Panama, Panama, PANAMA, Panama: epiphytic tree, tepals whitish pink, 16 km above Pan-American Highway on road from El Llano to Carti-Tupile, tropical wet forest, 13 Feb 1973, Kenne Dressler & Mahler 2430 (MO); epffita, flores blancas-celestes, ld&tex, camino de Llano a Carti, aproximadamente entre los 14 a 18 kms de la carre- tera a Chepo, 400 m alt, 20 Feb 1973, Correa, Dressler, Carras- quilla & Mendieta 1871 (MO); epiphytic shrub, flower buds bluish- gray, petals brown, flowers scarcely fragrant, road to Carti [San Blas], 19 km N of El Llano, 500 m alt, 13 Mar 1973, Busey 903 (MO, NY incomplete); hemiepiphyte, buds pale pink, wet for- est, 350 m alt, El Llano-Carti Road, 12,7 km from InterAmerican Hwy, 15 Feb 1975, Mori, Kallunki & Gentry 4700 (MO). This well marked and handsome species is assigned to the section Retinostemon by Cuatrecasas, associated particularly to the "typo" Diplandro of Pl. & Tr. COLOMBIA, Narino: small tree, 9, latex white, moderate, stems hexagonal, petals 4, pink with maroon bases, fruit 7-8- celled with 7-8 rotate sessile stigmas, penicillate, 5 cm long, 5-7 mm wide, 300 m alt, 14 km past Barbacéas along road to 1978 Maguire, Notes on the Clusiaceae 205 Pasto, 18 Oct 1969, Maguire & Maguire 61864 (NY); tree to 15m, d, stems hexagonal, latex white, petals 4, deep rose with maroon bases, inflorescence erect, ultimate branches reflected, 400 m alt, 15 km past Barbacéas along road to Pasto, 18 Oct 1969, Maguire & Maguire 61865 (NY, 2 sheets); tree 5 m high, d, stems hexagonal, petals i, deep rose with maroon bases, latex white, inflorescence erect, ultimate branches reflected, 500 m alt, 20 km past Barbacéas on road to Pasto, 18 Oct 1969, Maguire & Maguire 61867 (NY). Valle: 11-12 Feb 1944, Cuatrecasas 16206 (holotype COL, isotype NY); 9, same data, Cuatrecasas 16202 (cotype COL, NY); epiphytic shrub on tall tree, Agua Clara, along highway from Buenaventura to Cali, 100 m alt, dense forest, 6 Jun 1944, Killip & Cuatrecasas 38897 (COL, US). ECUADOR. Esmeraldas: tree to 25 m, petals deep rose, pri- mary forest along river banks near Playa Grande, Cayapa River, 29 Jun 1966, Jativa & Epling 1050 (NY, UCLA); liana, primary tall forest at Tobar Donoso, junct. of Rio San Juan and Rio Ca- mumbi, 150 m elev, 25 Jul 1966, Jativa & Epling 1121 (NY). 4, Clusia lineata (Benth,) Planchon & Triana, Ann, Sci, Nat, 13: 345, 1860, Triplandron lineatum Bentham, Bot. Voy, Sulphur, Lon- don, 1844-16, p 73, pl 28. ‘Type. Tumaco, [Nari- fio], Colombia, "Hinds 1841" (holotype K, isotype K); San Pedro, Colombia, "Hinds 1841" (Syntype K). Clusia seemanni Planchon & Triana, Ann, Sci. Nat, 13: 347, 1860, Triplandron lineatum Seemann, Bot, Herald 88, Type. Baie du Choco, Chocé, Colombia, Seemann (P). Clusia cruciata Cuatrecasas, Rev. Acad. Colomb, Scienc, : 37. 1950. Type. La Trojita, 5-50 m alt, Rio Calima (region del Chocé), Dept. Valle, Colombia, J. Cuatrecasas 16575 (F). Clusia lineata is a variable plant in habit, leaf size, and environmental latitude. Mori & Kallunki 6136 and Lewis et al 2116 of Bocas del Toro represent the form with largest leaves and the most northern range. They also demonstrate to some extent altitudinal accommodation, Lewis et al is noted on the label as a "parasitic shrub;" Mori & Kallunki as a "tree, 4 m tall.” Plants from the Chocé region, Colombia, seem to represent most frequently the epiphytic phase. This form is represented by 206 Pon YT 10 -GebA Vol. 38, no. 3 Cuatrecasas 16575 (16574), the type of Clusia cruciata, a series of collections made by Duke, and a series of specimens obtained by Maguire & Maguire, all of which are here cited, It is pro- bable that Cl. seemanni Pl, & Tr, of the "Baie du Choco” belongs here, A series of collections from the vicinity of Tumaco, Nari- fo, Colombia, the type locality of Clusia lineata, collected by Maguire & Maguire, indicate that plants from the area are ter- restrial, shrubs or small trees, or are facultatively epiphytic, Klug 3292, of Moyabamba, San Martin, Peru, at 1100-1600 m alt, a shrub of 3 m, represents the most southerly range and possibly the highest altitude recorded for this variable species. ire & Maguire 61761, of Puyo, Pastaza, Ecuador, of 1300 m alt, is another southern and high altitude collection, Distribution, PANAMA, Bocas del Toro: tree 40 ft, flowers white, Fish Creek Mts,, vic Chiriquf Lagoon, 23 Apr 1941, von Wedel 2295 (MO); parasitic shrub to 4 m, petals pin- kish red, sticky, strong vanilla fragrance, Chiriquicito to 5 mi S$ along Rfo Guarumo, rain forest by river, 5-7 Jun 1967, Lewis et al 2116 (NY). Darien: "matapalo,"” flowers white with red, between Quebrada Venado and Peje Swamp on the headwaters of Rfo Tuqueza, 28 Jun 1967, Bristan 1004 (MO); woody epiphyte at least 5" dbh, fruits green, latex white, Rfo Morti, Drill Site 7 (986 x 185), 15 Sept 1967, Duke 14129 (MO). Panam&: Canal Zone, Madden Dam area, Boy Scout Road, 23 Jul 1968, Dwyer & Lallathin 88254 (MO). Veraguas: tree 4 m tall, petals white, NW of Santa Fe, 11 km from Escuela Agricola de Piedra, in valley of Rio Dos Bocas, Atlantic slope, 450-550 m alt, 17 May 1975, Mori & Kal- lunki 6136 (NY). 5. Clusia longipetiolata Schery, Ann, Mo, Bot, Gard, 29: 326, GHG Type. Vicinity of Chiriquf Lagoon, alt near sea-level, Bocas del Toro, 12 Oct 1940, H, von Wedel 1136 (holotype MO). Distribution, Only two collections of this fine euclu- sioid have come to my attention, viz, that of the type, ob- tained by von Wedel, and that, later, obtained by Croat. PANAMA, Bocas del Toro: Chiriquf Lagoon, 12 Oct 190, von Wedel 1136 (holotype MO). Colén: tree 10 m, flowers white, sap white, with adventitious roots to 3 m, Miguel de la Borda, forest near beach and coconut plantation, 24 Apr 1970, Croat 10011 (MO, NY). 1978 Maguire, Notes on the Clusiaceae 207 6, Clusia miltiflora H.B.K., Nov. Gen, et Sp. V. 200, 1822, Clusia multiflora H,B.K., in the broad liberal sense, ex- tends from Mexico in the cordilleran axis to Bolivia and the Venezuelan coastal Andes, It would be the chief defining spe- cies of the section Anandrogyne, as circumscribed by Planchon and Triana (1860), for which to date there have been more than 35 specific names proposed, the chief authors being Humboldt, Bonpland and Kunth 3 species, Planchon and Triana 12, Vesque 3, and Cuatrecasas 14 taxa, There would, in addition, be several from other authors, The degree of replication of prominent features within the section, covering so extended an area geographically, is subtle and complicated. To provide a clarification of the intra-sec- tional deviation and relationship will require an intensive de- tailed study, This extended study cannot be accomplished at the present writing so as to form a rational basis for the presenta- tion of the clusias of Panama so included, I must, therefore, adopt a most conservative approach and make assignments broadly within the multiflora-complex, Refine- ment of interpretation will have to follow at such time as the section can be studied in toto. Clusia multiflora H.B.K. ssp scariosepala Maguire, ssp nov Arbor terrestris ad 10 m alta; ramisculis crassis, subsuc- culentis, teretibus; foliis subsessilibus vel perbrevibus, la- minis vulgo 20-25 cm longis, 12-15 cm latis, apicibus rotunda- tis, basibus acutis, costa subtus prominenti; venis primariis 3-4 mm apartis, ca 45° angulo adscendentibus; inflorescentiis masculinis compacto=cymosis, vulgo 9-12-floribus, pedunculo erecto, crasso, 3-4 cm longo; bracteis naviculoideis, carinatis, orbiculari-acutis, ca 15 mm longis; sepalis 3-jugis, orbiculari- bus, 12-14 mm longis, valde scario-marginatis; petalis 6, anguste oblanceolatis (?), ca 2 cm longis; staminibus numerosis, 3-4 m longis, in corona brevi instructis,antheris linearibus, ca 3-4 mm longis, obtusis, lateraliter dehiscentibus; pistillo rudi- mentali nullo vel minimo; granis pollinis sphaeroideis, vel ali- quantum subalato-sphaeroideis, ca 20 u diam, sporodermate reti- culato; inflorescentiis foemineis vulgo 6-9-floribus, compactis, pedunculis 3-8 cm longis; sepalis 3-jugis, 12-18 mm longis, late orbicularibus vel late ovatis, valde albo-scariosis; petalis 6; staminodiorum filamentis apparenter 6, ca 8-10 mm longis, al- ternatis carpellis, ovatis, 2-3 cm longis, valde styloso- cornutis, stylis ad 1 cm longis, recurvatis; stigmatibus ovatis, ca 2 mm longis, extrorsis; seminibus non-visis, 208 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 3 Type. Frequent, small tree, in temperate forest at 2200- 2400 m alt, La Carbonera, 25 km NW Ejido, Estado Mérida, Vene- zuela, 19 Oct 1953, Bassett Maguire 39446 o (holotype NY). Distribution, Possibly of restricted range, montane forests, 2200-2600 m alt, Estado Mérida, Venezuela, VENEZUELA, Estado Mérida: arbol, "Tampaco,” Cerro de las Flores, 2000-2100 m alt, 26 Abr 1953, Bernardi 44 (NY) ; small tree, frequent, temperate forests at 2200-2400 m alt, La Carbonera, 25 km NW Ejido, 19 Oct 1953, Maguire 39445 of (NY); 19 Oct 1953, Maguire 39446 of (holotype NY); frequent, small tree, conspecific with 39445 and 39446, temperate forests at 2200-2400 m alt, La Carbonera, 25 km NW Ejido, 19 Oct 1953, Maguire 39447 9 (paratype NY); arbol de 12 m alto, frutos con hendiduras longitudinales bien pronunciadas, La Mucuy, 2600 m alt, Agos 1958, Aristeguieta 3318 (NY) ; bosque nublado, Bosque a Neaogtis La Carbonera, 2250-2600 m alt, 1971, Veillon 18 NY). The subspecies scariosepala constitutes an obvious phase of the highly polymorphic and genetically plastic Clusia multiflora-complex, It is presented here because of its strong superficial resemblance to Clusia perscariosa of Panama, but with which it has no immediate or sectional relationship, 7. Clusia odorata Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald, p 89. 1853. Type, Boquete, Veraguas [Chiriquf], Panama, Feb 1869, Berthold C. Seemann 1638 (holotype k). Distribution, Small trees or shrubs, or facultative often massive epiphyte, in open woodland or abandoned pasture lands, commonly at 1000 to 3000 ft altitude. Of frequent occurrence in north and central Panama, the range most probably extending into Costa Rica, PANAMA. Chiriquf: Boquete, Feb 1869, Seemann 1638 (holo- type K); tree 20-25 ft, on llanos, leaves thick, Chiriquf Viejo Valley, 22 Apr 1938, White 86 (MO, F); tree 15 to 20 ft, 8-10" diam, on llanos, 3 mi from Paso Ancho, strong sweet per- fume resembling orange blossoms, tree in open sunlight, very dry habit, Rfo Chiriquf Viejo Valley near El Volcdén, 24 Jul 1938, P, White 189 (MO, F); epiphytic shrub becaming a strangler, flowers pale pink, 21 Aug 1940, Seibert 1539 (MO); tree 15-20 ft, flowers white, Boquete, Bajo Mono, 4000 ft alt, 28 Nov 1940, Terry & Terry 1647 (F); shrub 15 ft, buds white flushed with delicate pink, fruits green, exploding, seeds red, Tolé, vic 1978 Maguire, Notes on the Clusiaceae 209 Santa Ana Well, ca 1000 ft alt, thicket on hillside paral- leling brook, 1 Aug 1967, Dwyer & Kirkbride 7459 (MO); tree to 25 ft, buds white, llanos bordering creek, Boquete, Llanos Francia, 4 mi from Boquete toward Dolega, 4500 ft alt, 6 Aug 1967, Dwyer & Hayden 7603 (NY); much branched tree to 10 m high, o, latex cream-yellow, on overhanging cliffs at Horqueta, 27 Oct 1967, Maguire & Maguire 61463 (NY); much branched tree, 9, latex cream-yellow, petals 6-7, broadly obovate, 2 cm long, 18 mm broad, stigmas sessile, fruit oblong, on overhanging cliffs at Horqueta, 27 Oct 1967, Maguire & Maguire 61464 (NY); much branched rounded tree to 8m, oc, latex cream, sepals 3 pairs, white, petals 6, fragile, white, suffused with pink at base, 3 mi from Boquete, 27 Oct 1967, Maguire & Maguire 61465 (NY); do, 8 mi from Boquete, 27 Oct 1967, Maguire & Maguire 61468(NY); epiphytic, buds green, flowers tan-brown, tetra- merous, caducous, mature fruits green with brown verrucae, ca 2 em diam, on Chiriquf Trail, cloud forest between Quebrada Hondo and Divide, 20 Apr 1968, Kirkbride & Duke 931 (NY, MO); tree 4 m tall, 6" dbh, Nueva Suissa near Audubon Society Cabin, 1750 m alt, 12 Sept 1972, Gentry 5984 (MO). Darién: woody plant with fruit green, Manené to the mouth of the Rfo Cuasi, 28 Apr 1968, Kirkbride & Bristan 1501 (MO). Panam4, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island: tree to 40 ft, petals rose, 24 Jan 1968, Dwyer 8443 (MO); tree 3 m, flowers rose-white, fruits green, north end of Orchid Isle, 23 Sept 1968, Croat 6327 (MO); tree, probably epiphytic, about 2 m high, growing to near surface of water, flowers pink to red, few remaining on tree, sap yellow- ish, shoreline of cove southwest of Slothia Island, 13 Jan 1969, Croat 7204 (MO); tree 4-6 m, common on rocky shelf of deepest part of cove, flowers pinkish, fruits green, shoreline, large cove of Pena Blanca Point, 3 Mar 1969, Croat 8376 (MO); epiphytic tree 3 m, petals white to pink, bright red at base, sap yellow, shoreline of large cove S of Orchid Island, 15 Feb 1971, Croat 13478 (MO); epiphytic tree at 25 m, trunk to 12 cm dbh, with yellowish sap becoming orange in time, flowers white, Zetel Trail at Conrad Trail, 12 Jun 1971, Croat 14957 (MO); petals white with pink tips, tree along shore, point east of dock, 1 Oct 1971, Gentry 1987 (MO). The Costa Rican form appears to represent epiphyte habit solely, In the Province of Chiriquf, Panama, most plants seem, as indicated by collectors' data, to be shrubs or small trees, Southward through Panama north of the Canal Zone, and in Darién, the species is facultatively epiphytic or terres- trial, and seems to grade into Clusia cruciata Cuatrecasas and Clusia lineata (Benth,) Pl, & Tr., these forms extending south- ward from Chocé, Colombia, to Esmeraldas, Ecuador. 210 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 3 8, Clusia palmana Standley, Field Mus. Pub. Bot, 18: 705. 1937. Type. In a meadow, 1600 m alt, La Palma, Prov. San José, Costa Rica, Paul C, Standley 32906 (holotype US). Distribution, Tree 10-20 m high, frequently of cut-over forests at 1500-2300 m, often a facultative epiphyte, Nicaragua to Costa Rica, One collection from Panama is assigned ques- tionably to this species. PANAMA, Coclé: tree 12 m high, oc, latex scanty, oxidizing yellow, La Mésa, Cerro Gaital, 3 mi NW of El Valle, 9 Nov 1967, Maguire & Maguire 61497 (NY). 9. Clusia perscariosa Maguire, sp nov Arbor epiphytica, saepe magna; ramulis subsucculentis, ali- quantum angulosis sed non alatis; foliis subsessilibus vel per- brevibus, laminis coriaceis, vulgo 20-30 cm longis, 12-18 cm latis, late oblanceolatis, apicibus late rotundatis, basibus acutis, costa prominentibus subtus, venis primariis ca 2 m apartis, ca 45° angulo adscendentibus; inflorescentiis masculi- nis subcompacto-cymosis, vulgo 9-15-floribus, pedunculo recur- vato, crasso, 3-4 cm longo, bracteis primariis conspicuis, sub- foliaribus, ad 3 cm longis; sepalis 3-jugis, orbicularibus, 12- 14 mm longis, marginibus albo-perscariosis; petalis 6, oblanceo- latis, albidis; androecio compacto, ca 10-12 m diam, multistami- nibus, filamentis ca 1 mm longis, subcompressis, antheris linea- ribus, ca 4 mm longis, lateraliter dehiscentibus, abrupte brevi- mucronatis apicibus connectivorum; pollinibus tricolporatis, sphaeroideis, ca 24 u diam, sporodermate valde coni-papillato; inflorescentiis foemineis ut videtur 3-9-floribus; sepalis 3- jugis, orbicularibus, 12-14 mm longis, marginibus albo-per- seariosis; petalis 6; corona androecii brevi, dentiformibus; ovario 8-9-loculari, ovulis pluribus; stigmatibus ovalibus, sessilibus; apice ovarii plano nudo; capsula plusminusve glo- bosa, valde sulcata; seminibus non-visis. Type. Epiphytic tree, petals white in bud, wet forest, 350 m alt, El Llano-Carti Road, 21.1 km from Inter American Highway, Prov. Panam4, Panama, 20 Mar 1975, S. Mori & J. Kallunki 5108 (holotype MO, isotype Ny). Distribution, Low altitude rain forest. Collected only in the Llano-Carti area, PANAMA, Darién: tree, base sometimes reaching ground, flowers pink, stamens yellow, summit of Cerro Pirre, cloud 1978 Maguire, Notes on the Clusiaceae 211 forest, 1000-1400 m alt, 29 Dee 1972, Gentry & Clewell 7032 (MO), Panamf: epffita, létex, flores blancas, camino de Llano a Carti, approximadamente entre los 14 a 18 kms de la carretera a Chepo, alt 400 m, 20 Feb 1973, Correa, Dressler, Carrasquilla & Mendieta 1850 (MO) ; epiphytic tree, calyx pale green, petals eream-white, faint pink tinge, sap white, 19 km above Pan-Am Highway on road from El Llano to Carti-Tupile, 200-500 m alt, 20-21 Feb 1973, Kennedy 2526 (MO); epiphytic tree, petals light green, waxy, filaments thick, pale green, leaves thick, fleshy, yellow-green below, 16-20 km above Pan-Am Highway on road from El Llano to Carti-Tupile, 400 m elev, 28 Feb 1973, Kennedy 2712 (MO); 3 meter epiphyte, primary forest, along newly cut road from El Llano to Carti-Tupile, 12 mi above Pan- Am Highway, 200-500 m alt, 13 Mar 1973, Liesner 687 (MO); epi- phytic tree, buds white, wet forest, 350 malt, El Llano-Carti Road, 12.7 km from Inter-American Highway, 15 Feb 1975, Mori & Kallunki 4704 (MO); epiphytic tree, petals white in bud, wet forest, 350 malt, El Llano-Carti Road, 21.1 km from Inter- American Highway, 20 Mar 1975, Mori & Kallunki 5108 (holotype MO, isotype NY). Clusia perscariosa cannot be assigned to the section Anandrogyne even though it is superficially similar to Clusia multiflora ssp scariosepala, properly placed in that section, The latter is non-epiphytic (? obligately so), the stigmas are borne on conspicuous cornute styles, and the pollens are sec- tionally typical and are not provided with a strongly papillose exine as is prominently characteristic of Clusia perscariosa, This species must be studied further to permit sectional assignment, Again it should be pointed out that Clusia perscariosa, although bearing a strong superficial resemblance to Clusia multiflora ssp scariosepala of the Venezuelan Andes, there is no immediate relationship between the two taxa, 10. Clusia salvinii J. Donnell Smith, Bot, Gaz. 35:1. 1903. Clusia salvinii seems to represent the northernmost ele- ment of the Multiflorae, and, itself variable, may in the future have to come within Clusia multiflora, For the present, how- ever, there is insufficient information in hand for such a re- solution, Now, it seems useful to offer the var cupulata because of its most distinctive androecial corona of the pistillate flower (which seemingly does not occur in the var salvinii), 212 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 3 and more particularly to invite further field population studies to determine consistency of character, and to identify the corresponding and probably coincident male partner. Too, attention should be called to a large leaved variant, the formal status of which is obscure to me at this time. Clusia salvinii Donn, Sm. var salvinii Type. Volcdn de Fuego, 2600 m alt, Dept. Zacatepéquez, Guatemala, Oct 1873, Osbert Salvin s n. Distribution, Ranging from tropical Mexico to Darién, Panama, and there with numerous individuals transitional to Clusia multiflora, which has extensive range and variability (see above). In much of its range the var salvinii exhibits much vari- ability in facies, but more or less consistency in critical floral and fruit characters, Only a few citations are here made so as to indicate the quality of exomorphic variability. Typical specimens, i e specimens consistent with type: GUATEMALA, Volcd4n de Fuego, 2600 m alt, Oct 1873, Salvin s n. PANAMA. Bocas del Toro: Kirkbride & Duke 985 (MO, NY). Coclé: Maguire & Huang 65517, 65519, 65519 (to be distributed, MO, NY, and elsewhere); Maguire & Maguire 61495 (also to be distributed) is transitional to the next, the large leaved form, Clusia salvinii Donn, Sm, var salvinii, large leaved form Distribution, Throughout the range of "typical" var sal vinii, and possibly of more common occurrence. Selected specimens: PANAMA. Coclé: Duke & er 15093 (MO, NY); Kirkbride 1093 (MO, NY); Maguire & Maguire 61502, 61503 (to be distributed), Panam: Gentry 2070 (MO); Dwyer et al 5030 (MO). Darién: Kirkbride & Duke 1283 (MO, NY). Clusia salvinii Donn, Sm, var cupulata, var nov Var salyinii simili, sed floribus foemineis cum corona cupulata profunde ad 8 mm instructa, cupula maturitatem cadente; jetalis ca 2 cm longis; floribus masculinis non-visis, Type. Hemiepiphytic tree, flower white, brownish at base of 1978 Maguire, Notes on the Clusiaceae 213 petals, stigma yellow, style white, tropical wet forest, 2,1 km N of main road, 15.0 km E of Cerro Azul village, 700-800 m alt, 5 Jan 1975, Cerro Jefe, Altos de Pecora region, Rio Diablo at Jimenez Finca, Prov, Panamf, Panama, A, Gentry & Scott Mori 13407 (holotype MO). Distribution, Recorded only from the provinces of Panam4& and Colén, as follows: PANAMA, Colén: tree to 6 m, petals white, waxy looking, fruit red-pink, stigmatic surface black, along river bank, near Peluca, Km 25.6 from Transisthmian Highway on the road to Nombre de Dios, upstream on tributary to Rio Boqueron, 25 Feb 1973, Helen Kennedy 2679 (MO). Panamf: tree 7 m tall, hard as hell, petals white, 7 mi N Cerro Azul on road to Cerro Jefe, at 2600 ft, 13 Nov 1965, Blum, Godfrey & Tyson 1797 (MO); tree, Goofy Lake, ca 2 mi above Goofy Lake toward Cerro Jefe, 16 Aug 1967, er & Stimson 8062A (MO); Cerro Campana, 8 Apr 1972, A. Gen- try 5058 (MO)! tree with milky sap, flowers white, nectiferous, road to Carti (San Blas), 15.5 km north of El Llano, rain forest, 400 m alt, 13 Feb 1973, Busey 367 (NY, MO); epiphytic shrub 3 m tall, buds pink and white, petals white, stigma yellow, sticky, flowers sweetly fragrant, premontane wet forest, along new El Llano-Carti road, 8-12 km N of El Llano, 400-450 m alt, 12 Dec 1973, Nee, Gentry & Dressler 8782 (MO); hemi- epiphytic tree, flowers white, brownish at base of petals, stig- ma yellow, style white, ovary brown, Cerro Jefe, Altos de Pacora region, Rio Diablo at Jimenez Finca, 700-800 m alt, tropical wet forest 2,1 km N of main road, 15.0 km E of Cerro Azul village, 5 Jan 1975, Gentry & Mori 13407 (holotype MO); epiphytic shrub, buds white, fruit pink, along road 18.9 km N of Cerro Azul, 8 Mar 1975, Mori & Kallunki 4999 (MO); Mori & Kallunki 4545 (Mo). The more southern var cupulata seems to be distinctly set off from the mostly broadly interpreted var salvinii by the con- spicuous androecial cup and the larger petals of the pistillate flowers. Adequate association of staminate plants can be es- tablished only by careful population studies, It may well be that the var cupulata extends more northward within the entire range of var salvinii. With this information in hand, it my well be that the var cupulata would require elevation to specific status, ll, Clusia stenophylla Standley, Field Mus, Pub, Bot. 4: 235. 1929. Type. Tree 25 ft by 4 in, petals white, flowers fragrant, yellow sticky sap from twigs, Bocas Island, Bocas del Toro, 2k PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 3 Panama, Jan-Mar 1928, G. Proctor Cooper 468 (holotype F, iso- type NY). Distribution, Known certainly only by the type collection, 12, Tovomitopsis allenii Maguire, sp nov Arbor ad 25 m alta; ramulis teretibus; foliis petiolaribus, petiolis vulgo 10-18 mm longis; laminis subcoriaceis, ellipti- cis, saepe late ellipticis, obtusis vel saepe abrupte brevi- acuminatis, venis lateralibus, plus minusve 12-15, basi obtusis; inflorescentiis terminalibus, multifloribus, paniculato-cymosis, ad 8-10 em longis; floribus masculinis: sepalis 4, subdecussa- tis, exterioribus brevibus, primo vulgo 1 m longo, secundo vulgo 3. mm longo; interioribus concavis, ca 4 mm longis, scario- marginatis; petalis 5, oblongo-ovalibus, 6-7 mm longis; stamini- bus numerosis, multi-seriatis; filamentis teretibus, liberis, androphoro 1 mm alto instructis, antheris albidis, ca 0,3-0.5 mm longis, 2-lobatis, deltoideo-subcordatis, lateraliter dehiscen- tibus, connectivo breviter projecto; granis pollinis sphaeroi- deis, tricolporatis, ca 25 u diam, evidenter foveolatis; nec floribus foemineis nec fructibus visis., Type. Tree 50 ft, flowers white, Robalo Trail, northern slopes of Cerro Horqueta, 6000-7000 ft alt, Prov. Bocas del Toro, Panama, 5-7 Aug 1947, Paul H, Allen 5014 (holotype NY, isotype MO). Distribution, Only two collections of this well marked species have been seen, both from Cerro Horqueta and both sta- minate, PANAMA, Bocas del Toro: tree 50 ft, flowers white, nor- thern slopes of Cerro Horqueta, 6000-7000 ft alt, 5-7 Aug 1947, Allen 5014 (holotype NY, isotype MO). Chiriquf: tree 75 ft, flowers white, Bajo Mono-Robalo Trail, 5000-7000 ft alt, western slopes of Cerro Horqueta, 27 Jul 1947, Allen 4839 (NY, MO). Tovomitopsis allenii is the largest species of the genus known to me, reaching, according to the astute collector Paul Allen, some 75 feet in height, It will have to be compared to and distinguished from the other species when a review of the genus is made, Its firm leaves and large flowers make it con- spicuous within the genus, Coussarea curvigemmia Dwyer (Rubiaceae) J. D. Dwyer Missouri Botanical Garden Coussarea curvigemmia Dwyer, spec. nov. Frutices vel arbores ad 5m altae. Folia oblonga vel lanceolata, 6.5- 25.0 cm longa, 2.0-13.5 cm lata, saepe falcata apice cuspide recto vel curvato, ad 1.5 cm longo, basi cuneata vel interdum obtusa vel leviter auriculata, venis laterali- bus 5-9; petiolis nullis vel ad 0.5 cm longis; stipulis triangularibus, ad 4 mm longis, apicem versus rotundatis. Inflorescentiae solitarieae terminales thrysoideo- paniculatae, ad 6 cm longae, ad 4.5 cm latae, pedunculo gracili, 1-2 cm longo. Flores sessiles vel subsessiles; cupula calycis cylindrica, 1.5-2.5 mm longa, dentibus nullis vel 5 triangularibus, ad 0.5 mm longis; corolla alba, tubo 6-16 mm longo, ca. 1.5 m lato, lobis 4, 7-8 mm longis; antheris 4.5-5.7 mm longis, filamentis ca. 1 mm longis. Fructus ellipsoidei, ad 1.2(1.5) cm longi, ad 0.7 cm lata, glabri, calyce persistenti, ad 1.5 mm longo, ad 1.2 mm lato. TYPE: Panama, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island, Croat 14863 (MO). Further particulars of this species will be provided in the Flora of Panama. 215 Corrections to "THE NOMENCLATURE OF THE GENUS BEGONIA" by Jack Golding The following corrections mst be made in this paper as pub- lished in PHYTOLOGIA 37 (5): h25—-h0, November 1977: page 428 line 38 fic page 429 line 37 designation page 432 lines 12-13 Begonia hydrocotylifolta X ‘Lenore Olivier' 'Gertrude Nelson' page 434 line 16 handwritten page 435 line 11 For example, Begonia Xricintfolta A. Dietrich (pro. page 435 line 29 abbreviation page 438 line 42 Cultivar Names. Arnoldia 21: 1-8. Jack Golding Deo ys 777 19 216 A NEW DULACIA FROM VENEZUELA Julian A, Steyermark Instituto Bot4nico, Caracas Venezuela DULACIA REDMONDII Steyermark, sp. nov, Suffrutex 0.1-0.5 m, altus; ramulis erectis simplicibus vel parce ramosis fractiflexis tenuibus superne 1=2 mm, diam, minute papillato-puberulentibus; petiolis 1-2 mm, longis; foliorum laminis valde cernuis carnoso-coriaceis ovato-lanceolatis apice acutis vel subacutis basi obtusis vel subrotundatis 1.3-3.1 cm, longis 0.5-1 cm. latis glabris, nervo medio supra sulcato, nervis lateralibus 2-3 paribus obsoletis, venis tertiariis nullis; inflorescencia axillaribus terminalibusque racemosis 3-6-floris, rhachide minute papillato-puberulenti 7-11 mm. longa; pedicellis sub anthesi O.8-1 mm, longis parce papillato-puberulentibus; bracteis sub pedicellis carnoso-coriaceis lanceolatis acutis 1.5-2 mm. longis glabris; calyce cyathiformi subtruncato subin- tegro 0.5 mm. alto 2 mm. diam.; petalis 6 carnosis valvatis lig- ulato-lanceolatis apice minute incurvatis incrassatis obtusis 4,5-5 mm. longis 0.8-1.2 mm, latis basaliter 1.5 mm, connatis; staminibus fertilibus 3, antheris quadrilocularibus ovoideo- Oblongis apice parce mucronatis 1-1.1 mm, longis, filamentis 2.2 mm. longis 0.5 mm. latis superne ventraliter pilosulo alibi glabris; staminodiis 6 basi petalorum adnatis, antheris sterili- bus loculi obovoideis 1.1 mm. longis, filamentis 3.5 mm. longis 0.4 mm, latis sub loculis attenuatis superne pilosulis parte suprema basilarique glabris; ovario subhemispherico 0.8 mm, alto 1.2 mm, lato glabro, stylo 1.1 mm, longo angulato glabro, stig- mate paulo 3-lobato; druva carnosa rubra oOvoidea apice truncata 9mm. longa 4-6 mm, lata glabra. VENEZUELA: TERR. FED, AMAZONAS: Canaripo, lado sur del rfo Ventuari, bush islands in savanna with small shrubs and occasional small trees, lat. 4 5'°N., long. 66°50°W., alt. 125 m., 28 Dic. 1976, Julian A. Steyermark & Parker Redmond 112829, “dwarf ligneous, simple-stemmed plant, 0.1-C.2 m. tall; flowers olive green with white tips on stamens" (holotype VEN). Paratypes: TERR. FED. AMAZONAS: Canaripo, Steyermark & Redmond 112846 (VEN); same locality, Huber 1074; en la sabana grande entre el Cano Cotua y el pie del Cerro Yapacana, lat. 3° 45°NS long. 66°45'W., alt. 125 m., 7 Mayo 1970, Steyermark & Bunting 103245 (VEN); Pimichin, Maguire, Wurdack, & Keith 41820 (NY). This very distinctive species has no close relatives, It differs from all other known taxa of the genus in its dwarf habit, small 217 218 PHYTOLOGITIA Vol. 38, no. 3 pendent leaves, and small flowers, It is a pleasure to dedicate this taxon to my plant enthusiast friend, Mr, Parker Redmond, honorary curator of wood collections at the Instituto Botanico, Caracas. G Fig. 1. Dulacia redmondii. A. Habit. B. Flower in bud. C. Corol- la, interior view. D. Calyx and pistil, with portion of corolla, E. Stamen (fertile), ventral view. F. Stamen (fertile), dorsal view. G. Stamen (sterile). H. Fruit. NEW COMBINATIONS AND TAXA IN CUCURBITACEAE R. P. Wunderlin University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 The following new combinations in Psiguria are proposed and new species described preliminary to a treatment of the family for the Flora of Panama. 1. Psiguria bignoniacea (Poepp. & Endl.) Wunderlin, comb. nov. BASIONYM: Anguria bignoniacea Poepp. & Endl., Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: D5 Lease. 2. Psiguria longipedunculata (Cogn.) Wunderlin, comb. nov. BASIONYM: Anguria longipedunculata Cogn., Diagn. Cucurb. fasc. Week 170. 3. Psiguria warscewiczii (Hook. f.) Wunderlin, comb. nov. BASIONYM: Anguria warscewiczii Hook. f., Bot. Mag. t. 5304. 1862. 4. Cyclanthera dressleri Wunderlin, sp. nov. Herba scandens; foliis hastatis, 5-9 cm longis, basi 3-6 em latis, apice acuminatis, marginibus denticulatis; floribus staminatis in racemosis apice petiolorum productis; corollis albis, lobis 2-3 mm longis; floribus pistillatis solitariis; fructu viridibus, oblique ovoideis, setis ca. 1 mm longis. Herbaceous vines; stems slender, glabrous. Leaves simple, blade hastate, 5-9 cm long, 3-6 cm wide at base, margins dentic- ulate, apex acuminate, basal sinus acute, chartaceous, upper surface minutely pustulate, lower surface glabrous; petiole 1.5- 2.0 cm long; tendrils simple. Staminate flowers produced from the petiole at base of leaf blade, short racemose, 6-to 10-flower- ed; peduncle 1.5-2.0 cm long, slender; pedicels 5-8 mm long, fili- form; calyx shallowly cupulate, 3-5 mm wide, greenish-white, lobes obsolete; corolla ca. 6 mm in diameter, white or cream, lobes 2-3 mm long, broadly lanceolate or triangular, outer surface glabrous, inner surface slightly papillate, 3-nerved; androecial column ca. 1 mm long, head ca. 1 mm in diameter. Pistillate flowers solitary in same axils as staminate; peduncle 6-10 m long; calyx and corolla as in staminate flowers, but slightly smaller; ovary obliquely ovoid, rostrate, ca. 4 mm long, short setose; stigma subglobose. Fruits greenish, obliquely ovoid, ca. 1.5 cm long, explosively dehiscent, seta ca. 1 mm long; seeds not seen. TYPE: Panama, Chiriqui: Cerro Colorado, 50 km N of San Felix on the continental divide. Cloud forest. Altitude 1200- 1500 meters. 17 August 1975. Mori & Dressler 7795 (MO, holotype; USF, isotype). 219 220 PHYTOTLOGIS Vol. 38, no. 3 This rare species is known only from the type locality. It resembles C. phyllantha Harms in having its staminate inflores- cence produced from the petiole at the base of the blade, but differs in having leaves hastate rather than 3-to 5-angulate. The species is named in honor of Dr. Robert Dressler, one of the collectors of the type. 5. Cayaponia sessiliflora Wunderlin, sp. nov. Suffrutex volubilis; foliis ellipto-ovatis, 9-21 cm longis, 6-11 cm latis, apice acuminatis, basi truncatis, marginibus remote denticulatis; floribus staminatis fasciculatis sessilibus vel subsessilibus; calycibus dense pilosis; corollis viridibus, minutis; floribus pistillatis ignotis; fructu luteo-aurantiacis, ca. 3 mm in diametris, sparse pilosis. Suffruticose vines; stem deeply 5-sulcate, puberulent, often also sparsely pilose, glabrescent in age. Leaves elliptic-ovate, 9-21 cm long, 6-11 cm wide, apex acuminate, base truncate, margin remotely denticulate, subcoriaceous, upper surface sparsely pubes- cent on primary nerves, otherwise glabrous, finely reticulate- nerved, slightly bullate, lower surface pubescent, densely so on nerves, conspicuously reticulate-nerved; petiole 0.8-2.5 cm long, pubescent, often also sparsely pilose; tendrils simple or unequal- ly 2-branched, slender, pubescent, often also sparsely pilose. Staminate flowers axillary in sessile or subsessile, few-flowered clusters; calyx campanulate, ca. 3 mm long, outer surface densely brown-pilose, inner surface pilose near top, otherwise glabrous, lobes subulate, ca. 3 mm long, densely brown-pilose, spreading or reflexed; corolla greenish, triangular, 0.5 mm long, outer surface pilose, inner surface densely pubescent; filaments stout, ca. 0.5 mm long, pubescent at base, anthers complicate, forming an irreg-= ular head 2.5-3.0 mm long and nearly as wide; pistillodium obso- lete. Pistillate flowers not seen. Fruits yellowish-orange, globose, ca. 3 cm in diameter, sparsely brown-pilose, peduncles ca. 5 mm long; seeds not seen. TYPE: Ecuador, Los Rios: Rio Palenque Biological Station, km 56 on road from Quevado to Santo Domingo. Elevation 150-220 meters. 16 August 1976. Dodson 6159 (SEL, holotype; MO, USF, isotypes). This species is known from Ecuador and Panama. It differs from all other species of Cayaponia in having very small, sessile or subsessile flowers with a densely pilose calyx. 6. Melothria dulcis Wunderlin, sp. nov. Herba scandens; foliis cordatis, 8-14 cm longis, 6-10 cm latis, apice acuminatis, marginibus undulatis, remote denticulatis; floribus staminatis racemosis; corollis albis, lobis 3.0-3.5 mm longis, reflexis untrinque pubescentibus; floribus pistillatis solitariis; fructu luteis vel aurantiacis, 5-7 cm longis, 4.5-6.0 cm in diametris, glabris, exocarpis subligneis, mesocarpis aurant- iacis. 1978 Wunderlin, New combinations and taxa 221 Herbaceous vines; stems minutely scabrous, glabrate in age. Leaves cordate, 8-14 cm long, 6-10 cm wide, apex acuminate, base deeply cordate, margin undulate, remotely denticulate, charta- ceous, upper surface minutely white pustulate, slightly scabrous to glabrate, sparsely short strigose on nerves, lower surface glabrate; petioles 3-7 cm long, glabrate; tendrils simple, glab- rate. Staminate flowers axillary, racemose; peduncles ca. 2 cm long; calyx-tube narrowly campanulate, ca. 5 mm long, glabrous, 10-nerved, lobes triangular-lanceolate, ca. 1 mm long; corolla white, lobes oblong, 3.0-3.5 mm long, apex emarginate, pubescent on both surfaces, reflexed; anthers oblong, ca. 2.5-3.0 mm long, papillose at apex, ciliate on margins; pistillodium conical, glabrous. Pistillate flowers solitary in same axils as staminate flowers; peduncle 2-3 cm long; other details unknown. Fruits yellow to orange, ellipsoidal to subspherical, 5-7 cm long, 4.5- 6.0 cm in diameter, smooth, glabrous, exocarp subligneous, meso- carp orange, sweet; seeds white-sericeous, narrowly ovate, 9-10 mm long, 5-6 mm wide. TYPE: Panama, Canal Zone: Pipeline Road, 10 mi. from main gate. 14 August 1971. Croat 16693 (MO, holotype; MO, isotype). Melothria dulcis is endemic to Panama. It has been collect- ed in Panama, Darien, and Colon Provinces as well as the Canal Zone. It occurs in wet forests and along streams at 350-400 meters elevation. This species differs from other Neotropical Melothria species in its large fruit with a subligneous exocarp and orange flesh. BOOK REVIEWS Alma L. Moldenke "HARVEST OF A QUIET EYE: The Natural World of John Burroughs" edited by Charles F. Davis, 168 pp., 16 b/w historic photo- graphs & 3 color photograph plates as illus., Tamarack Press for Wisconsin Tales and Trails, Inc., P. 0. Box 5650, Madison, Wisconsin 53705. 1976. $20.00 $15.00 new price. This is the first book of excerpts from the great naturalist's writings to be illustrated by color photographs. The composition is one of great beauty with both the pictures, produced with Davis' camera, artistic skill, heart and soul, and with the Davis' text selections in which each complements the other exquisitely. Perhaps it may be easier for the reading young people of today to be intro- duced to Burroughs' writings through such as presentation as this one since they were probably not nurtured at home or at school on "Wake-Robin", "Ways of Nature", etc. Edwin Way Teale has written the introduction which is followed by a biographical sketch. "If I were to name the three most precious resources of life, I should say books, friends, and nature; and the greatest of these, at least the most constant and always at hand, is nature. Nature we have always with us, an inexhaustible storehouse of that which moves the heart, appeals to the mind, and fires the imagination — health to the body, a stimulus to the intellect, and a joy to the soul." This publication makes an excellent addition to public, school and personal libraries. It has been honored with a Midwestern award and the John Burroughs Memorial Association medal. "BIODETERIORATION OF MATERIALS Volume 2" edited by A. Harry Wal- ters & E. H. Hueck-van der Plas, xii & 51) pp., 189 b/w fig. & 133 b/w tab as illus., Halsted Press of John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N. Y. 10016. 1972. $49.50. This important book is composed of the editorially, but not scientifically, condensed 65 papers presented at the Second Bio= deterioration Symposium at Lunteren, The Netherlands, September 1971 and was sponsored by the Organization for Economic Co=- operation and Development. The papers are arranged topically: I chemical approach, II environmental pollution and sewage purification, III breakdown mechanisms, IV enzymology, V meth- odologies, VI protection of materials as against termites, fungi and cockroaches, VII timber, VIII biocidal paints, IX restoring and protecting objects of art and science as raising submerged ancient ship remains and E M for viewing active spoil- ing agents in situ, X marine environment as through fouling and 222 1978 Moldenke, Book reviews 223 boring organisms in Monterey Bay, California, and by antifouling . paint control, and XI post-harvest deterioration of raw natural products in storage and transport. Omission of an index is answered with the statement that "since readers will be expert in their various fields they will appreci- ate that direct reference to the Contents has eliminated the need for a detailed index". Since many scientific names and chemical terms are not expressed in the "Contents" many trained readers with peripheral interests will have to spend hours fine-combing unnecessarily or skip the material which is so pertinently and copiously available between the book's covers. "FERNS OF FLORIDA: An Illustrated Mamal and Identification Guide" by Olga Lakela & Robert W. Long, xiii & 178 pp., 117 fig. & 1 map as b/w illus. Banyan Books, Inc., P. 0. Box 431160, Miami, Florida 33143. 1976. $10.00. Florida has benefited from species enrichment both from the South (Caribbean, Central & South America] and from the North [Appalachian], and both temperate and tropical kinds occur within the boundaries of the state to a total of 135 native and naturalized species. Almost every fern is illustrated by photo= graph or drawing. All are accessible by workable keys and clas- sical descriptions. The introduction demonstrates the life his- tory of ferns, polyploidy, rare and possibly extinct species, and growing ferns from spores. This book should appeal to many students interested in these plants and/or ecology in high school or college and to the many visiting or wintering amateurs awed by the profuse plant life of which the ferns and their allies form such an important part. "HIGH-QUALITY PROTEIN MAIZE" compiled and edited by L. F. Bauman & BE. T. Mertz for Purdue University and the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMT), x & 52h pp., 213 tab. & 94 fig. as b/w illus. Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, Ltd., Stroudsburg, Pa. 18360, Halsted Press of John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N. Y. 10016 as exclusive distributors. 1975. $28.00. These proceedings of the CIMMYT-Purdue Symposium, held at El Batan, Mexico in 1972 for over 150 concerned scientists from sev- eral countries and related disciplines, consist of 46 papers, edited questions and answers and an index. The following titles give an idea of the nature and scope of this book: Present Status and Future Prospects of Breeding for Better Protein Quality in Maize Through Opaque-2, Disease-Insect Interactions in Quality Protein Maize, Germ and Endosperm Variability, Mineral Elements, Oil Content, and Modifier Genes in Opaque-2 Maize, National Pro- duction Programs for Introducing High-Quality Protein Maize in 22h PHYTOLOGISs Vol. 38, no. 3 Developing Countries, etc., with their bibliographies. There is also a group of papers on the quality protein breeding progress in other cereals — sorghum, wheat, oats, triticales and barley. Much, much valuable material is presented between the covers of this book, material of great interest to many kinds of scien- tists and agrarian and mtrition technicians the world over. "ENDEAVOUR" edited to Trevor I. Williams. Pergamon Press, Ltd., Oxferd OX3 OBW or Elmsford, New York 10523. 1977. £5 U.K. & Eire or $10.00 U.S. individual rate annually, the insti- tutional rate is double. This outstanding journal had previously been sent gratis to a selected worldwide list by the Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd. of Great Britain until the end of 1976. The two recent issues sent to PHYTOLOGIA have maintained the same fine style, choice range of content and excellently prepared articles. It is well worth the subscription price. "A SAND COUNTY ALMANAC — Tllustrated" by Aldo Leopold and Photographs by Tom Algire, ix & 152 pp., 6) color and 9 b/w illus., Tamarack Press, P. 0. Box 5650, Madison, Wis- consin 53705 and Oxford University Press, London, Oxford & New York. 1977. $19.95 oversize. How wonderful it is to visualize the month by month changes in the Wisconsin wild life so well recorded not only in "A Sand County Almanac" but also in the excellent relevant color plates provided by the camera and comprehending eye of Tom Algire. These Leopold writings, along with others on conservation from Round River, were first published in 199 shortly after he died fight- ing a neighbor's grass fire. If these writings then made bedside or favorite shelf reading, this new book now makes coffee table or exhibit shelf status. "There are some who can live without wild things, and some who cannot. These essays are the delights and the dilemmas of one who cannot." This beautiful new book contains an Introduc- tion by Hal Borland and an Afterword by Nina Leopold Bradley who writes of "Dad's treasure" of eighty acres that the family restored on weekends over a twelve year period, using family album photographs as illustrations. This publication would make a lovely gift to give or re—- ceive, even if the recipient has an original '9, '53 or '66 issue. It would make an excellent addition to a public or school library. PHYTOLOGIA Designed to expedite botanical publication | Vol. 38 February 1978 No. 4 CONTENTS ST. JOHN, H., Notes on Hawaiian Psychotria (Rubiaceae). Hawaiian Plant TERN 8 oe ee gue hari Aare 4) a eet ah ea ae ees cated: fo) 4 leslierte 225 MacROBERTS, D. T., Notes on Ti ESCA HD, T. diffusa Bush and T. pedicellata ETAPICE Uren eae Le aN RRR aT AC aliases 221 LACKEY, J. A., New combinations in Keniaeens Harms (Leguminosae; Papilionoideae) Bante Me iS Cas oe cs De CED bea EE gi wh Eee 229 MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the genus Lippia. III ....... 230 BADAWI, A. A., EL-GAZZAR, A., & ALLAM, M. A., The identification of cultivated plants. II. The genus Triticum...........-.- 267 BADAWI, A. A., EL-GAZZAR, A., & ALLAM, M. A., The identification of cultivated plants. III. Confirmatory keys to some wheat Se a8 CS NS, ooh ence Ae Oumaete Ovens s am 280 WURDACK, J. J., Certamen Melastomataceis XXVII............ pre MOLDENKE, H. N., Notes on new and noteworthy plants. CVI] ...... 307 ANDERSON, L. C., New taxa in Chrysothamnus, Section Nauseosi (Asteraceae RE Ree eekeral ar greet treet io. a 309 -DEGENER, O., & DEGENER, I., Bramwell, D. & Z., Wild Flowers of the Canary MAREE TAN POU TONES | SS. 5165:\s: kvadtgleoeis, y hapabalat ed yu. ae etal a 321 KING, R. M., & ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae). CLXVIII. Additions to the genus Argertind............. 323 ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Senecioneae (Asteraceae). VIII. A new species of Psacalium from Mexico .......++++++++0005 356 Mime A. L.. Book reviews... 2... ce ee te es 359 Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 303 Parkside Road Plainfield, New Jersey 07060 US.A. a Price of this number $2; per volume $9.75 in advance or $10.50 after close of the volume; 75 cents extra to all foreign addresses; 512 pages constitute a volume; claims for numbers lost in the mails must be made immediately after receipt of the next following number. NOTES ON HAWAIIAN PSYCHOTRIA (RUBIACEAE) HAWAIIAN PLANT STUDIES 65 Harold St. John Bishop Museum, Box 6037, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96818, USA. Here discussed and reclassified are two taxa of Hawaiian Psychotria. Rubiaceae Psychotria longissima (Rock) comb. nov. Straussia longissima Rock, Indig. Trees Haw. Is. 447-448, 1913, pl. 185. P. kaduana (C. & S.) Fosb.. sensu Sohmer, in part, myonra. 4S, 55>) fig. 63, 1977. Sohmer in his monograph of the Hawaiian species of Pavenorria (1. c. 148) reduced this species to the synonymy of S. kaduana, which he said, "must be treated as a large, extremely polymorphic taxon with a large number of intrinsic variations." He cites it as growing on Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, and Maui. The plant described by Rock, and here resurected, has pendent inflorescences with peduncles 10-20 cm long, and the blades subsessile, obovate, but long cuneate to the base. It occurs only on Oahu, mostly in the leeward valleys of the Koolau Range, east of Honolulu, but rarely else- where in the mountains of Oahu. The holotype is Rock 10,200, Nuuanu Valley (BISH). This tree is easily recognized, has a distinct range, and seems better classified as a species, just as Rock did. Psychotria mauiensis Fosb., var. subcordata (Rock) comb. nov. Straussia Hillebrandii Rock, var. subcordata Rock, Indig. Trees Haw. Is. 448, 1913. P. mauiensis sensu Sohmer, in part, Lyonia 1: 7a, 174, 1977, non Fosb., (1964). Holotype: Hawaiian Islands, Molokai Island, palit Of Wwattau,, April 1910, J. oF. Rocki7,072 (BISH). Type examined. Isotype (GH). Specimens Examined: Hawaiian Islands, Molokai 225 226 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. Island, Kaluaha, April 1910, J. F. Rock 7,054 (BISH). Discussion: In his monograph Sohmer (1977: 172) discusses this tree with subcordate blades, reduces it to S. mauiensis, and asserts, "The taxonomic approach must recognize a large, polymorphic taxon with inherent variation." Sohmer reduces to syn- onomy about half of the species and varieties described and accepted by Hillebrand, Rock, and Fosberg. They were serious botanists and each had many years of field experience with these trees, then classed as the genus Straussia. The writer has had even more years of field work and innumer- able contacts with these common trees. His conclus- ions on their classification are closer to those of Hillebrand, Rock, and Fosberg, than to those of Sohmer whose years in Hawaii were few. The writer sees no reason why his taxonomy "must" agree with that of Sohmer. The var. subcordata differs from var. mauiensis by having broadly elliptie blades, cordate or subcordate at base, while var. mauiensis has them from elliptic to oblanceolate or suborbicular, and narrowly to broadly cuneate at base. The species P. mauiensis occurs on Molokai, Maui, Lanai, and Hawaii. NOTES on TRADESCANTIA T. diffusa Bush and T. pedicillata Celarier D. T. MacRoberts Louisiana State University in Shreveport Bush (1904, 1905) described no less than 12 new species of Tradescantia from Texas. As was too often customary with Bush, several of these were de- scribed from single specimens. Anderson & Woodson (1935) retained four and reduced the others to synonomy with one exception: T. diffusa Bush was not mentioned, In the course of examining specimens of T. oc= cidentalis (Britton) Smyth during the past year I found seven examples of a Tradescantia which, although labeled T. occidentalis (sometimes by Anderson or Woodson ) were not that species nor any other described in their mono= graph. They did, however, agree in most respects with Bush's description of his T. diffusa. differing mainly in their smaller stature. The plants had been collected from central Texas (northwest of Austin) south nearly to the Mexican border (Webb county) and thus included the location of Bush's specimen (San Antonio). One sheet was annotated by Anderson: "These small plants from central and western Texas probably deserve nomenclatural recognition .... Other collections . . are much larger." Celarier (1956) collected specimens of the sup- posed hybrid T. humilis X occidentalis northwest of Austin and subjected them to breeding experiments from which he concluded that they were not hybrids, or at ae not recent ones, and deserved specific status as e pedicillata Celarier. This taxon was accepted by a & Johnston (1970). These authors are careful to state when they have not examined material and it is to be presumed they saw specimens of the taxon. Bush cited E. H. Wilkinson 168, March 14, year not given, San Antonio (MO) as his type. Celarier cited Celarier 501 (OKLA) with paratypes at SMU, TEX, TAES, MO, NA, UC, CH, K and PRE, Bush's type is not at MO and its whereabouts are unknown. Sinclair (1967) could locate no types of Celarier's T. pedicillata at the indicated herbaria, 227 228 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. k While I have been no more fortunate than Sinclair in locating any of these types, I have received three sheets of a collection by Gould, Brown & Celarier (5470, April 14, 1950; TAES, SMU, UC.) from the area where Celarier collected his holotype. The plant was identified by Lloyd Shinners in 1956: another minor mystery. This collection cannot be any of the paratypes listed by Celarier since they all were of anoth- er generation raised after 1950. These three specimens agree in all essentials with the seven misidentified ones mentioned above which were ap-= parently depauperate examples of the same taxon. They also agree quite well with Bush's description of his T. diffusa. Celarier, after examining Tharp's material at TEX, was in no doubt that his T, pedicillata was the purported hybrid T. humilis X occidentalis. With all type material missing, Bush's descrip- tion is as adequate as that of Celarier and has clear priority. The species should therefore be T. diffusa Bush, Trans, Acad. Sci. St.Louisi4: 193, issued December 30, 1904. As neotype I designate Gould, Brown & Celarier 5470, three miles east of Buchanan Dam on the Burnet=LLano road, Burnet Co., Texas, April 14, 1950 (TAES); iso-neotypes at SMU, UC. Specimens examined, in addition to the type: (all are from Texas): Pennell 10460, Granite Mt., Burnet Co. (PH); Stanfield sn, San Marcos, Hays Co. (MO); Anderson sn, 6 miles west of Mirando, Webb Co. (MO); Hubricht B1846, Burnet Co., (MO) 5 McCart 7399, 6 miles west of Aguilares, Webb Co., (OKLA); Jermy 331, Gillespie Co., (US). Anderson E., & R. E. Woodson (1935) Contr. Arn. Arb. 9: 1-132. Bush, B. F,. bartaiae Trans, Acad. Sci. St. Louis 14: 181-193. (1905 . Mo. Bot, Gard. Celarier, R. Pe GEE: Field & Lab 24: 5-9. Correll, D. S. & M, C. Johnston (1970) Tex. Res, Found. Sinciate. C. B.,Dissertation, Univ. Mo. 1967. NEW COMBINATIONS IN KERSTINGIELLA HARMS (LEGUMINOSAE; PAPILIONOIDEAE) James A. Lackey Department of Botany Smithsonian Institution Washington, D. C. 20560 Maréchal and Baudet (1977) recently proposed that Kerstingtella Harms and Macrotyloma (Arnott) Verdcourt are congeneric, being alike in organography, seedling structure, and palynology. I have examined flowers and pollen of both and support the union. Unfortunately, Maréchal and Baudet (1977) chose the name Macrotyloma, rather than the older legitimate one, Kerstingtella, for the combined genus. Be- cause members of both genera are referred to in agronomic contexts, and because correct generic names are needed for the Legume Conference in July 1978, prompt rectification is desirable. Conservation of Macrotyloma would solve the difficulty, but has virtually no chance of acceptance. The following new combinations for the two species known to me are therefore needed. KERSTINGIELLA BIFLORA (Schum. & Thonn.) Lackey, comb. nov. Glyetne bitflora Schum. & Thonn. in Schumacher, Beskr. Guin. Pl.: 345 (1827), extracted from Kon. danske Vid. Selsk. nat. math. Afh. 4: 119 (1829). Macrotyloma btflorwum (Schum. & Thonn.) Hepper, Kew Bull. 26: 565 (197.2):. Doltechos chrysanthus A. Chev., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 58 (Mém. 8): 164. 1912. Macrotyloma chrysanthum (A. Chev.) Verdc., Kew Bull. 24: 402 (1970). KERSTINGIELLA UNIFLORA (Lam.) Lackey, comb. nov. Doltchos untflorus Lam., Encycl. Meth. 2: 299 (1786). LITERATURE CITED Maréchal, R., and J. C. Baudet. 1977. Transfert du genre africain Kerstitngtella Harms 4 Macrotyloma (Wight & Arn.) Verdc. (Paptltonaceae). Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg. 47: 49-52. 229 ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS LIPPIA. III Harold N. Moldenke Acronyms for the names of herbaria used in this and all others in my series of notes on this and other genera of Verbenaceae, Avicenniaceae, and Eriocaulaceae in PHYTOLOGIA are fully explained in my "Fifth Summary" (1971), pp. 795-801, and its subsequent supplements in PHYTOLOGIA, vols. 23, 25, 26, 28, 31, 3h, and 36 (1972-1977) . LIPPIA Houst. ex L., Gen. Pl., ed. 1, 37 (1737), Sp. Pl. imp. 1, 2: 633 (1753), and Gen, Pl., ed. 5, 282. 175k. Additional & emended synonymy: Zipania Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 140. 1807. Dipterocalyx Cham. & Schlecht. ex Spach, Hist. Nat. Veg. Phan. 9: 227. 180. Zapamia Juss. ex Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 23 797. 181. Zapania Schau. ex Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 507, in syn. 1858. Lippia Endl. ex Arcang., Compend. Fl. Ital., ed. 1, 561. 1882. Hippia Bourgeau ex Moldenke, Alph. List Inv. Names Suppl. 1: 10, in syn. 1947 [not Hippia Dalechev., 1872, nor Kunth, 1820, nor L., 1767, nor L. f., 1781]. Lippia (Houst.) L. ex Fournier, Quatre Fl. France 806. 1961. Lipia Espinal T., Vis. Ecolog. Dept. Valle 1. 1965 [not Lipia Sessé & Moc., 190]. Zapamia Steud. apud Airy Shaw in J. C. Willis, Dict. Flow. Pl., ed. 7, 1207, in syn. 1966. Lippidia Cham. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 17: 11, in syn. 1968. Lipea Anon., Biol. Abstr. 52 (2): B.A.S.I.C. S.135, svhalm. 1971. Lippica R. F. Sm. ex Moldenke, Fifth Summ, 2: 568, in syn. 1971. Dipterocaly (Cham.) Schau. ex Lépez=Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andes 15: 56, sphalm. 1975. Za a "Juss. ex Steud." apud Soukup, Biota 11: 13, in syn. 1976. Zapamia Post & Kuntze ex Moldenke, Phytologia 3): 280, in syn. 1976. Additional & emended bibliography: L., Syst. Nat., ed. 1, [7]. 1735; L., Crit. Bot. 8h, 93, & [288]. 1737; L., Gen. Pl., ed. 1, 347 & [395]. 17373 L., Meth. Sex. Gen. Pl. 15, 93, & [289]. 1737 L., Gen. Pl., ed. 2, 299 & [50] (1742), ed. 3 ["2"], 230 & [25 (1743), and ed. h, 230 & [45h]. 1752; L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, imp. 1, 2: 633. 17533 L., Gen. Pl., ed. 5, imp. 1, 282 & [512]. 175h3 Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 12 & 195-~198. 1763; Jacq., Select. Stirp. Amer., imp. 1, 176-177, pl. 179, fig. 100. 1763; L., Gen. Pl., ed. 6, 322 & [59k]. 1764; Crantz, Inst. Rei Herb. 1: 546—5h,7 (1766) and 2: [560]. 1766; Scop., Ann. Hist. Nat. kt 57. 17703 [Retz.], Nom. Bot. 155 & fogs), 1772; Planer, Gatt. Pfl. 2: 571 & 1065. 1775; Scop., Introd. Hist. Nat. 146 & 166. 1777; Reichard in L., Gen. Pl., ed. 8, 32-325. 1778; L'Hér., Observ. Phys. Hist. Nat. & Arts 333 53-56. 1788; Je Me Gmel. in L., Syst. Nate, ed. 13, imp. 1, 2: 42, 887, & 955—956. 1789; F. Hernandez, Hist. 230 ed. i, 1978 Moldenke, notes on Lippia 231 Pl. Nuev. Espafi., ed. 1, 1: 416 (1790) and 3: 492. 17903; Haenke in L., Gen. Pl., ed. 8 [10], 2: 531—532 & 800. 1791; Poir. in Lam., Tabl. Encycl. Méth. Bot. [Illustr. Gen.] 1: 58=-59, pl. 17, fig. 3. 1791; Schreb. in L., Gen. Pl., ed. 3 [9], 2: 399 & 858. 17913 J. F. Gmel. in L., Syst. Nat., ed. a3; imp. 2. 23 2, 887, & 955—956. 17963 Raeusch., Nom. Bot., ed. Sho 390. 17975 Willd. in L., Sp. Pl., ed. h, 3: 319. 1800; Anon., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris 1802: 253. 1802; Batsch, Tabl. Aff. Reg. Veg. 193. 1802; L. C. Rich. in Michx., Fl. Bor.-Am., imp. 1, 2: 15 & 337. 18033 Desf., Tabl. Ecol. Bot., ed. 1, 54. 1804; Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 139-140. 1807; Willd., Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. 2: 652. 1809; Desf., Tabl. Ecol. Bot., ed. 2, 65. 1815; H.B.K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pl., ed. folio, 2: 212--218 (1817) and ed. quart., 2: 260--269. 1618; Pers., Sp. Pl. 33 351, 352, & 35h. 1819; S. Ell., Sketch, imp. al & 2, 2s 101 (1821) and imp. 2, 2: 733. 182; Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 1: 32) & 325. 1826; Spreng. in L., Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [cur. Post], (2): 231. 1827; Reichenb., Icon. Bot. Exot. 2: 3 & 27, pl. 169. 1828; G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 26. 1830; Purkinje, De Cell. Anther. Fibros. 2, pl. 7, fig. 11. 1830; Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 18 & 419. 1830; Cham., Linnaea 7: 213—-2h3, 253, & 375-~377, pl. 7, fig. C & D. 1832; G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 246. 18323 Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 553. 1833; Hook., Comp. Bot. Mag. 1: 39. 1836; Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beech. Voy. 207 (1836) and 305. 1838; Harv., Gen. S. Afr. Pl., ed. 1, 267 & 268. 1838; D. Dietr., Taschenb. Auslund. Arz- neigw. 221 & 319. 1839; G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 2h6. 1839; J. Grah., Pl. Bomb. 15, 156, & 158. 1839; Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 552 & 553. 1839; Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 2: 21. 1839; Spach, Hist. Nat. Veg. Phan. 9: 227, 235, 242, & 243. 18h0; Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beech, Voy. 2. 181; Otto & Dietr., Allg. Gartenzeit. 10: 315 & 316. 1842; Bertol., Fl. Ital. 6: 265. 18hh; Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Cale. 472 & 73. 1845; Lindl., Veg. Kingd. 663. 1846; Schau. in A. DC., Prodr. 11: 535, 556, 557, 572—=59h, & 608. 1847; Schau., Linnaea 20: 479-80. 1847; A. Wood, Class~ book, ed. 2, imp. 1, 411, 413, & 642 (1847), ed. 2, imp. 2, 11, 413, & 642 (1848), and ed. 10, imp. 1, h11, 413, & 61. 1848; Beck, Bot., ed. 2, imp. 1, 285. 188; A. Gray, Man. Bot. North. U. S., ed. yes 312 & 705. 18),8; Hassk., Pl. Jav. Rar. 4,87. 188; C. Gay, Hist. Fis. Chile Bot. 5: 27-—-33. 1849; Hook. f. & Benth. in Hook., Niger Fl. 85. 18)9; A. Wood, Class—book, ed. 10, imp. 2, Wl, h13, & 642 (18h9), ed. 10, imp. 3, 421, 413, & 641 (1850), ed. 17, 411, 413, & 61 (1851), ed. 23, LI, 413, & 642 (1851), ed. 29, 411, 413, & 641 (1853), ed. 35, h11, 413, & 641 (1854), and ed. kl, imp. 1, 11, 113, & 61. 1855; E. Twining, Tll. Nat. Ord. Pl. 2: 10h. 1855; Beck, Bot., ed. 2, imp. 2, 285. 1856; A. Gray, Man. Bot. North. U. S., ed. 2, imp. 1, 299 & 717. 18563 Schnitzl., Iconogr. Fam. Nat. 2: 137 Verbenac. [2] & [3]. 18563 A. Wood, Class-book, ed. 1, imp. 2, 11, 13, & 611. 1856; A. Gray, Man. Bot. North. U. S., ed. 2, imp. 2, 299 & [6191 . 1858; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. 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A.26: 5 & 6. 1975; Jaeger & Molderke, Phytologia 30: 387, 389, hOl, & 02. 1975; Lépez—Palac- ios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andea 15: 33, 41, 42, 50, 55—— 6h, *& 70—72, (fig. 10—12]. 19753 Mahesh., Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 72: 180. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 29: 509 (1975), 30: 13h, 182, 187, 188, & 509 (1975), 31: 26, 229-232, 298—300, 378, 381, 382, 38h, 385, 387, 388, 392, 396, 4,02, 403, & 509 (1975), and 32: 51, 238, 334—335, 457, 483, 485, & 510. 1975; Molina R., Ceiba 19: 96. 1975; R. F. Sm., Act. Bot. Venez. 10: 110 & 127. 1975; Tovar Serpa, Biota 10: 271, 272, & 293. 19753 Anon., Biol. Abstr. 61: AC1 61,0. 1976; M. F. Baker, Fla. Wild Fls., ed. 2, imp. 2, 188--189 & 240. 1976; Brieskorn & Poehin., Arch. Pharm. Weinheim 309: 829--836. 1976; Corner, Seeds Dicot. 1: 276. 1976; Folger & Lowe, Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co. Contrib. Sci. 285: 50. 1976; Follm.-Schrag, Excerpt. Bot. A.26: 511. 1976; F. R. Fosberg, Rhodora 78: 113. 1976; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.28: 257 & 259. 1976; Kunkel, Excerpt. Bot. A.26: 116. 1976; Lakela, Long, Fleming, & Genelle, Pl. Tampa Bay, ed. 3 [Bot. Lab. Univ. S- Fla. Contrib. 73:] 116, 152, & 166. 19763; Long & Lakela, Fl. Trop. Fla., ed. 2, 733, 742—~71:3, 945, & 951. 19763 Lépez-Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andes 17: 48-9. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 33: 509 (1976) and 3h: 251-253, 256-- 258, 260, 261, 269, 273—275, 280, 502, 506, & 512. 19763; Sou- kup, Biota 11: cM a 13}-1h, & 22. 1976; Van Bruggen, Vasc. Pl. S. Dak. 368. 1976; [Voss], Mich. Bot. 15: 230. 19763 Ziegler & Sohmer, Contrib. Herb. Univ. Wisc. La Crosse 13: 16. 1976; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 63: 6371 (1977) and 6h: 3426. 1977;Moldenke, Phyto- logia 36: 30, 32--37, O, 41, 43, bh, 47, 48, 246, 506, & 512. 1977; Otte & Joern, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 128: 103. 1977; B. S. Stone, Henderson's Malay. Wild Fls. Append. 16. 19773 1978 Moldenke, Notes on Lippia 2h9 Van der Werff, Biol. Abstr. 6: 3023. 1977; Van der Werff, Bot. Notiser 130: [89] & 96. 1977. It is interesting to compare the generic descriptions given for this gems by various authors over the years. Gay (18)9) says "Calyx campanulatus tubulosusve et l-dentatus, aut compressus, bialatus, bifidus, lobis bidentatis, demm bivalvis. Corollae bilabiatae et ad faucem dilatatae, labio superiore emarginato- bilobo, inferiore trifido. Stamina }, inclusa, didynama, fertil- ia. Ovarium biloculare, loculis uniowlatis. Stylus terminalis; stigma subterminale, obliquum. Drupa sicca, bilocularis, bipar- tibilis......Yerbas frutescentes, suborbustos, 6 arbustos tendi- dos, 6 levantados, vestidos de hojas opuestas 6 ternadas, sencil- las, enteras 6 dentadas. Flores en cabezuelas apretadas, axilar- es, pedunculadas 6 en panoja. C4liz campanulado y tubuloso, cuadridentado, 6 comprimido, bialado, bicarenado, bffido, con los 1ébulos bidentados, separ4ndose cuando maduros en dos ventallas. Tubo de la corola dilatado h4cia la garganta, con dos labios, el superior escotado y bilobulado y el inferior con tres. Cuatro estambres didinamos, inclusos, todos fértiles, con los filamentos cortos y las anteras biloculares. Ovario bilocular, uniovulado y superado de un estilo terminado por un estigma oblicuo. CAp- sula con dos cocas unidas 6 separadas en la madurez." Schauer (1851) modified this to "Flores capitati vel spicati, singuli singula bractea suffulti. Calyx (parvus) membranaceus, tubulosus, bialatus v. bicarinatus aut ecarinatus, bifidus lobis magis minusve conspicue bidentatis et denique saepius bivalvis vel subaequaliter )—dentatus, hirsutus aut villosus. Corolla tubuloso—infundibuliformis; tubus sursum ampliatus, interdum ven- tricosus; limbus obliquus planus vel inclinatus subbilabiatus, labio superiori integro aut bifido, inferiori trifido lobis vel subaequaliter vel medio majori. Stamina |, corollae tubo inser- ta et inclusa didynama; filamenta brevia; antherae biloculares, loculis parallelis adpostis rima hainte dehiscentibus. Germen biloculare, loculis uniovulatis; ovulo ad angulum internum basifixo, extrorsum anatropo. Stylus terminalis, brevis fili- formis aut subcolumnaris; stigma citra apicem styli laterale, lineare, declive. Capsula dicocca. Calyce bivalvi adherente, vel integro tecta, subtecta vel nuda; pericarpium pergamentaceum vel durum immo interdum subosseum; cocci maturitate sua sponte secedentes aut cohaerentes, separabiles tamen, dorso laevi, com- missura plana vel excavata granulata. Embryi cotypedones crassae. Bostello infero brevissimo. Herbae vel saepius fruti- ces et suffrutices, loca campestria aprica et silvas aestu aph- yllas anantes, erecti, procumbentes, vel repentes, indumento aut villoso aut strigoso et aspero aut glanduloso=viscido praediti saepissima glandulis punctiformibus oleo aromatico scatentibus sub indumento conspersi aut iisdem partim vel omnino dense ob- ducti et tum siccitate ferruginosi. Caules ramique tetragoni. Folia opposita vel verticillata, simplicia, penninervia, basi saepius triplinervii, plerumque nervis venisque supra impressis lineata et vinoso-rugosa saepius reti crasso subtus foveolata, 250 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. crenata v. serrata nec nisi rarissime integerrima, compluribus perennis, paucis iisque campos aestu crematos habitantibus annua. Inflorescentia vel simplex axillaris , vel composita terminali- paniculata. Capitula in multis densissima hemisphaerica v. sub- globosa v. tetragona, per anthesis paullo relaxanda et elongata in aliis per varios transitus sensim in spicas laxas et racemos flaccidos abeuntia. Bracteae imbricatae herbacae aut membranacae, concavae vel complicato-carinatae et interdum basi connatae, saepius pallidae calyceque plerumque paullo majores in quibusdam magna subpetaloideo-coloratae, semper subfructu persistentes. Flores plerumque sessiles in racemosis vero breviter pedicellati, parvi quin perexigui, paucis majusculi. Calyx plerumque dense villosus fructui adhaerens nec nisi rarissime ante ejus maturita- tem albescens. Corolla alba, lutescens aut rubescens, tubo recto vel inclinato ad staminum insertionem ventricoso. Capsula subglobosa vel oblonga, opaca, rarius nitida, saepissime parva cocco altero saepe tabescente." Harvey (1868) abbreviates this really excellent detailed de- scription of the genus (sens. lat.) to "Calyx small, tubular, 2- winged 2-keeled or plain, 2-fid, the lobes more or less 2—toothed, at length commonly 2-parted. Corolla somewhat funnel-shaped; tube widening upwards; limb oblique, l-lobed, sub-2-labiate, the upper lip entire or 2-fid, lower 3-fid. Stamens , included, di- dynamous; anther-cells parallel. Ovary 2=celled; cells l-ovuled; style short; stigma lateral. Fruit of 2 separating or cohering pieces, dry, girt with the often 2=-parted calyx....Herbs or shrubs, mostly American, very generally strongly scented. Flowers capitate or spiked, small, usually subtended by large bracts. Leaves opposite or whorled." Baker (1877) reduces this still further to "Calyx membranous, campanulate; segments 4. Corolla with a cylindrical tube and ob- scurely bilabiate limb, with 5 rounded lobes. Stamens h, didyn- amous. Ovary 2=celled, globose; cells l-ovulate; style simple; stigma capitate. Fruit ovoid, dry, separating into 2 pyrenes. — Herbs. or shrubs, with simple opposite leaves and minute flowers arranged in axillary spike or capitula." In his 1900 work he recognized the need to amplify this description to read: "Calyx small, membranous, 2—l;-lobed, compressed and 2=keeled in the Tropical African species. Corolla—tube cylindrical; limb patent, obscurely bilabiate, with ) round lobes. Stamens didynamous, in- serted about the middle of the corolla, included or just exser- ted. Ovary 2-celledj; cells l-ovuled; style short; stigma oblique or recurved; ovules inserted at or near the base of the cells. Fruit without any fleshy layer outside the two bony pyrenes. Seeds exalbuminous. -- Undershrubs, rarely herbs, usually more or less hairy and glandular. Leaves opposite, ternate or verticil- late. Spikes dense, small, globose or oblong in the Tropical African species. Flowers small, each subtended by a persistent bract." Pearson (1901), based on his more intensive study of the genus in connection with his monographic work on the family as a whole, 1978 Moldenke, Notes on Lippia 251 amplifies this still more to "Calyx small, membranous, ovoid= campanulate or compressed, 2—l-lobed, -toothed, more or less truncate, 2-keeled, slightly accrescent, ultimately 2-valved en- closing (sometimes adhering to) the fruit. Corolla with cylin- dric, straight or curved tube, somewhat widened at the throat, rarely shorter than the bract; limb spreading, oblique, more or less 2-lipped, l-lobed; lobes broad, frequently emarginate, the anterior (lower) being somewhat larger than the posterior (upper) and the 2 lateral equal and smaller than the posterior. Stamens , didynamous, inserted near the middle of the corolla-tube, in- cluded or somewhat exserted; anthers ovate, with parallel cells. Ovary of 1 carpel, 2—celledj cells l-ovuleds; ovule erect, inserted at or near the base of the cell; style usually short; stigma ter- minal, oblique or recurved, thickened. Fruit small, with a hard dry epicarp, enclosed in the slightly accrescent, closely appres- sed calyx; endocarp hard and bony, easily separated (or falling asunder spontaneously) into 2 l=-seeded portions (pyrenes). Seeds exalbuminous. Shrubs or undershrubs, rarely herbs, with various- ly hairy, rarely glabrous epidermis; leaves opposite or in whorls of 3 (occasionally ), rarely alternate; spike slender, elongate and lax, cylindric and dense, or short, and subglobose, becoming more or less cylindric as the fruit matures; flowers small, ses- sile, solitary in the axils of broadly imbricate (in the denser spikes) or small bracts." Going now to Asia, we find Prain (1903) characterizing the genus as "Shrubs or undershrubs, rarely herbs; leaves opposite or ternately whorled, rarely alternate, simple, entire or lobed, smooth or rugose. Flowers in elongated, slender, or dense spikes, or small heads; bracts in slender spikes small, in dense spikes the heads conspicuous, wide-imbricate; bracteoles 0. Sepals in a small, membranous, ovoid, campanmulate or compressed and 2=-ridged calyx; limb 2-fid or l-fid or h-toothed. Petals h}— 5, connate in a somewhat 2-lipped corolla; tube cylindric, straight or curved; limb oblique, upper lobe wider, emarginate or slightly 2-lobed, lower lobes wide, often retuse. Stamens , didynamous, included; anthers ovate or broadly oblong. Carpels {[note! Pearson and Troncoso aver that the pistil is l-carpellary] connate in a 2-celled ovary;ovules in each cell solitary, erect from the base, or laterally attached near base of cellj style short; stigma obliquely subcapitate. Fruit small, dry, separat- ing into two leseeded pyrenes. Seeds without albumen; radicle inferior." Presumably all these authors included Acantholippia, Aloysia, and Phyla in their concept of Lippia, but Macbride (1960) is one of the first specifically to say so: "Much like Lantana but of- ten less harshly pubescent if at all, the trichomes in some herbs malpighiaceous, the spikes often elongate (Aloysia) or subcapitate and rather few-flowered, less frequently subcapitate, compact. Bracts not or more or less )-ranked, persisting to de- ciduous, the calyx either compressed, bicarinate or bialate (bracts persisting) or 2—l-angled or cleft or dentate (former, 252 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. Phyla; latter, Aloysia). Corolla limb oblique, often sub- bilabiate. Fruit at least typically included, dry, the mtlets rarely free. — Has been united with Lantana but the mature fruit and often the calyx provide identification. In Peru the inflor- escence is solid (Phyla) or if capitate more or less open, otherwise spicate." Returning to the African workers, Dale & Greenway (1961) feel that the following characters are sufficient to distinguish the genus [at least, one supposes, in their geographic area]: "More or less hairy and glandular herbs and undershrubs with opposite or ternate or verticillate leaves. Flowers small and white in dense spikes, calyx 2—l-lobed compressed and 2-keeled, corolla tube cylindrical with ) rounded lobes and obscurely bilabiate; stamens didynamous; ovary of 2 cells with 1 ovule in each. Fruit of 2 bony mtlets." A distinguished Japanese botanist, Ohwi (1965), characterizes the genus as "Shrubs or herbs, glabrous or with simple hairs; leaves opposite, sometimes verticillate, toothed or entire; in- florescence spicate; flowers small, sessile, solitary in axils of bracts; calyx small, sometimes bilabiate or 2-winged, 2- or }- lobed; corolla tubular, the limb ascending and spreading, 5-lobed; stamens ; anther-locules parallel; ovary 2-locular; ovules soli- tary in each locule; stigma rather thick; mtlets 2." Another distinguished worker on the genus, Troncoso (1965), characterizes it thus: "Flores hermafroditas o por aborto diclin- as. C4liz pequefio, tubuloso, 2—l-dentado, generalmente 2= carenado o 2=alado, entero, hendido o 2=partido, a veces reducido a 2 escamitas membran4ceas. Corola zigomorfa, limbo oblicuo, 2= labiado, labio anterior reducido, entero o emarginado, labio posterior 3-lobado, 16bulo medio mayor, tubo corolar breve. Es- tambres ), didinamos, insertos sobre el tubo corolar, inclusos; anteras 2-loculares. Ovario unicarpelar, 2-locular, léculos uniovulados, Svulos andtropos; estilo terminal, breve; estigma lateral. Fruto esquizoc4rpico, formado por 2 mericarpios separ- abies a la madurez o subcoherentes. Semillas exalbuminosas. Arbustos o: subarbustos generalmente arom4ticos, con gldndulas resinoso=punteadas en hojas, cd4lez y br&cteas. Hojas opuestas o ternadas, enteras, dentadas o serradas. Inflorescencia capituli- forme en espigas contrafdas, solitarias o agregadas, o en panojas terminales laxas, alargadas. Género de regiones tropicales y templadas de América y Africa." It also occurs in tropical Asia. A very recent characterization is that of Friedrich-Holzhammer and his associates (1967): "Halbstraucher mit aufrechten, ver- langerten Asten, dicht steifhaarig oder nur sparlich behaart, stark driisig. Blatter gegenstandig oder zu 3}-l wirtelig, schmal- elliptisch, lanzettlich oder langlich-lanzettlich, in einem sehr kurzen Stiel verschmalert, ganzrandig bis gezahnt, 2-—8 cm lang, 0.5—-2 cm breit. Bltiten in blattachselstandigen, gestiel- ten, dichten, kopfchenformigen Ahren, mit eiformig-spitzen, den Kelch tiberragenden Tragblattern, fast radiar bis + zygomorph. Kelch becherformig, ca. 1—1,5 mm lang, mit gestutztem bis etwas 1978 Moldenke, Notes on Lippia 253 geschweiftem Saum. Krone weiss bis gelblishweiss mit gelbem Schlund, mit ca. 3 mm langer, nur am Grunde enger, dann trichter- formig erweiterter Rohre und ); rundlichen Saumlappen. Staub- blatter im erweiterten Teil der Kronrdhre inseriert, mit sehr kurzen Filamenten, nicht herausragend. Fruchtknoten zweifacher- ig; Griffel kurz, mit schiefer Narbe. Frucht eine etwa kugelige, in 2 einsaamige Halften zerfallende Spaltfrucht." It would ap- pear that this description is drawn only from the Namibian mem— bers of the genus. Sanchez (1969) says "C&liz pequefio, membranoso, acampanulado. Corola con el tubo cilfindrico, recto o curvo,con el limbo algo bilabiado, 2—l partido. Estambres , didfnamos, inclusos, in- sertos en el tubo de la corola. Ovario bilocular, con un 6vulo en cada divisiédn. Fruto pequefio y seco que se disgrega en 2 frutitos parciales monospermos. Arbustos o plantas subarbusti- vas, con las hojas alternas u opuestas, enteras o partidas y las flores agrupadas en espigas cortas o cabezuelas." As to subdivision of the gems, it is also interesting to com- pare the systems of various experts. Schauer (1851) divided Lippia as follows: "Sectio I. Racemi vel spicae laxi. Calyx inaequaliter l-fidus. Aloysia....... Sectio II. Capitula densa tetraquetra, pedunculata, gemina- plurima axillaris. Goniolippia...... Sectio III. Capitula densa plurifariam imbricata, saepius squarrosa. Calyx compressus, bicarinatus vel bialatus, longe ciliatus, breviter bifidus. Dipterocalyx....... Sectio IV. Capitula densa plurifariam imbricata. Bracteae neque magnae post anthesin auctae. Calyx brevitubulosus membranaceus. Zapania....... § 1. Capitula axillaria. Axilliflorae...... § 2. Capitula densa terminali-paniculata. Paniculatae...... § 3. Capitula adulta subspicata vel subracemosa, laxa, corymboso-paniculata. Corymbosae...... Sectio V. Capitula magna, subglobosa, aequaliter imbricata. Bracteae membranaceae, latae, petaloideae, purpurascentes, post anthesis demum conspicue auctis. Rhodolippia...... Dalla Torre & Harms (1963) included Phyla Lour., Platonia Raf., Bertolonia Raf., Panope Raf., Piarimula Raf., and Crypto- calyx Benth. as generic synonyms and divided the genus as fol- lows: Subg. I. Aloysia Schau. (syn.: Aloysia Ort. & Palau) Subg. II. Zapania Benth. (syn.: Zapania Lam., Zappania Zuccagni, and Zapamia Steud.) § 1. Gonostachyum Schau. (syn.: Goniostachyum Schau.) § 2. Acantholippia Briq. (syn.:, Acantholippia Griseb.) § 3. Dipterocalyx Schau. (syn.: Dipterocalyx Cham.) § he Euzapania Briq. A. Axilliflorae Schau. 25h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. B. Panniculatae Schau. C. Corymbosae Schau. § 5. Rhodolippia Schau. Troncoso To7h keys out the divisions of the genus as accepted by her: "A, CAliz comprimido, subcarenado o bialado, f&cilmente bipartido, con carenas o alas largamente pestafiosas. B. Cabezuelas axilares densas, globosas, solitarias o geminadas o formando panojes foliadas, pedunculadas. Brdcteas pluri- seriadas (8 filas). CAliz 2-carenado pero no alado. Sect. 1. Lippia. B', Cabezuelas hemisféricas durante la antesis, subcilfndrico- espiciformes en la fructificacién, dispuestas en densas panojas o corimbos terminales extendidos. BrActeas hex- A4sticas. CAliz bialado, alas vesiculadas. Sect. 2. Dipterocalyx. A', CAliz brevemente tubuloso, a veces ligeramente compreso, pubescente o glabro, o reducido a dos hojitas diminutas, tenues, por lo general inconspicuas. Cabezuelas peduncula- das o subsésiles, que se alargan brevemente después de la antesis. B. Flores violA4ceas, lilacinas, rosadas o blancas, hermafroditas. Arbustos o subarbustos, menos cominamente hierbas perennes. C. Brécteas pequefias, verdosas, que no ocultan las corolas. D. Cabezuelas numerosas, =-6 por axila, por lo general subpéndulas. Brdcteas céncavas, imbricado—decusadas, tetrdésticas, plegado-carenadas, libres o connatas en la base o hasta su mitad. Sect. 3. Goniostachyun. D'. Cabezuelas solitarias, geminadas o en racimos o corimbos terminales. Brdcteas planas o subcéncavas, polfsticas. C4liz tubuloso, a veces bf{fido o redu- cido a dos hojitos diminutas. Sect. . Zapania. E. Cabezuelas axilares, solitarias o geminadas, breve o largamente pedunculadas. Serie 1. Axilliflorae. E'. Cabezuelas dispuestas en inflorescencias termin- ales racimoso-paniculadas o en corimbos densos axilares, agrupados en el A4pice de las ramas. F. Cabezuelas adultas subglobosas u ovoides agrupa- dos en racimos o panojas subpiramidales. Hierbas perennes. C4liz bifido, muy villoso. Serie 3. Paniculatae. F', Cabezuelas adultas subespiciformes, corimboso= paniculadas en el 4pice de las ramas. Serie 4. Corymbosae. C'. Brdcteas grandes, coloreadas, membran4ceas, venoso- reticuladas, que cubren o no las corolas. D. Cabezuelas 'lupulinas' globosas, con grandes brdcteas involucrales que cubran las flores, por lo comfn axilares, solitarias. Flores sésiles. Sect. 5. Rhodolippia. 1978 Moldenke, Notes on Lippia 255 D'. Cabezuelas espiciformes, laxas después de la antesis, con br&cteas oblongo-lanceoladas que no ocultan totalmente las flores, de insercién por lo general supraxilar. Flores brevemente pediceladas. Sect. 6. Pseudoaloysia. B'. Flores amarillas o amarillo-anaranjadas, dioicas por aborto. Hierbas perennes, a menudo con xilopodio. Cab- ezuelas solitarias axilares o en racimos terminales sub- paniculados. Sect. 7. Dioicolippia." Another contemporary diligent student of the group, Lépez- Palacios (1975), divides the gems as follows: "] Cabezuelas grandes, primero semiglobosas, involucradas, de br4cteas iguales, anchas, membrandceas, delgadas, de color lila o rosa, muy alargadas y reticuladas después de la an- tesis.....sect. Rodolippia Schau. & Briq. la Cabezuelas m4s pequeflas y diferentes de las descritas en 1; br4cteas m4s pequefilas, no alargadas después de la antesis: 2 Brécteas decusadas, plegadas....Sect. Goniostachyum Schau. 2a Br&cteas en muchas filas, imbricadas: 3 C4liz comprimido, con una ala estrecha y pubescente a ambos lados, cortamente bffido; cabezuelas que frecuentemente formam panfculas en los hojas superi- ores reducidas; fruto incluido en el c4liz. Sect. Lippia [=Dipterocaly (Cham.) Schau.] 3a CAéliz corto-tubuloso, a veces comprimido, no alado.... Sect. Euzapania Briq. l Cabezuelas maduras espigadas, agrupadas en umbelas paniculadas....Subsect. Corimbosae (Schau.) Briq. ha Cabezuelas no espigadas ni en umbelas paniculadas: 5 Cabezuelas axilares m4s o menos pedunculadas...... Subsect. Axiliflorae (Schau.) Briq. Sa Cabezuelas semiglobosas, con muchas flores agrupa- das, m4s o menos pedunculadas, en inflorescencia terminal, m4s o menos paniculada o cimoso- paniculada....Subsect. Paniculatae (Schau.) Briq." Gunawardena (1968) informs us that the genus was named in hon- or of Augustus Lippe (1678-170), a French traveler [other writers say that he was an Italian traveler] who "preferred a journey to Egypt and Ethiopia to a Doctor's degree and was stab— bed by robbers in Abyssinia". He accompanied an embassy to the King of Abyssinia. Dandy (1967) informs us that under the pres- ent edition of the International Code the name, Lippia, should be credited formally to Linnaeus. I still prefer, however, to credit it to William Houstoun (1695--1733), as Linnaeus himself did when he first adopted the name. There seems to me no valid ethical reason for not "giving credit where credit is due" It is worth noting here that "Zipania Pers." is given by Jackson (1895) as a synonym of Lippia and is credited to Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 140 (1807), but I fail to find this spelling of the generic name anywhere on that page or in the volume index -= the 256 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. & spelling "Zapania", however, is there. Airy Shaw (1966) credits "Zapamia" to Post & Kuntze, but these authors plainly credit it to Jussieu, giving no bibliographic reference nor binomial under it for verification. It seems proper, therefore, to leave this name in the synonymy of Lippia. Airy Shaw also includes Zapania Lam. and Zappania Zuccagni in the synonymy of Lippia, but both these names belong in the synonymy of Priva Adans. The Zapania Scop., Cryptocalyx Benth., Panope Raf., and Piarimula Raf., which he also still regards as synonyms of Lippia, belong in the synonymy of Phyla Lour. The Hippia of Linnaeus, referred to in the synonymy above, is a valid genus in the Carduaceae, while that credited to Kunth and to Linnaeus filius are synonyms of Plagiocheilus Arn., also in the Carduaceae. The Zappania Scop., Platonia Raf., and Bertolonia Raf., included in Lippia by Spach (180) belong in the synonymy of Phyla Lour. Estimates of the number of valid species in Lippia have varied considerably over the years. In 1877 Baker estimated 80, while in 1900 he reduced this to 60; in 1901 Pearson estimated 110; in 1965 Ohwi said "About 100 species, chiefly in the New World"; in 1967 Cooke said "110 species chiefly Tropical America and Africa"; in 1973 Thorne gave 220 species as the probable number, “of which 205 are American, 15 African, and none in Madagascar". Gibson (1970) says "A few herbaceous species of this gems have been treated by Moldenke and some earlier workers as constituting a distinct genus, Phyla, but I prefer to leave them, as most author- ities have, in Lippia. Nearly 200 species have been reported, the majority of them from tropical America. Additional studies may result in the reduction of a considerable number of them to synonymy." My own studies accept 213 species and 61 named forms and varieties. Raju (1969) separates Aloysia and Phyla from Lippia as fol- lows: 1. Calyx campanulate, short, 2—-l-lobed. Lippia. la. Calyx cylindric, long, 5-lobed. 2. Flowers in lax elongated spikes. Aloysia. 2a. Flowers in dense subcapitate heads. Phyla. Tomlinson (1973) and Troncoso (1961) report finding dioecism in "several species" of Lippia (as well as in Aegiphila and Citharexylum). Whipple (1972) asserts that "floral vasculariza- tion patterns in Stachytarpheta, Lippia, and Lantana of the Lantaneae and Phryma are basically alike. Therefore, this study proposes that Phryma be accorded tribal status in the subfamily Verbenoideae [as it was by Bentham a century ago!] because of its close affinities with Lantaneae of the Verbenoideae and that the tribe Phrymeae maintain tribal distribution [sic] because of its distinct swollen internodal zone and distinct fruit type." I re- gard Phrymaceae Schau. as a distinct family, as I do the Avicen- 1978 Moldenke, Notes on Lippia 257 niaceae, Stilbaceae, Symphoremaceae, Dicrastylidaceae, and Nyctan- thaceae. Hutchinson also regards it as a separate family. It is perhaps worth noting here that the Blume (1826) reference in the bibliography of Lippia, above, is sometimes mis-cited as "1825". The Hooker & Arnott (1836) work is often cited as "181", but pages 192--299 were actually issued in 1836; the Endlicher (1838) reference is often cited as "1836--1856", but the pages in- volved here were actually issued in 1838. Similarly, the Schnitzlein (1856) reference is sometimes cited as "183-1870", but the part involved here was published in 1856. The Sprengel (1827) work is sometimes mis-cited as "1871". The Boissier (1879) reference is often cited as "1875", but only pages 1—280 were is- sued in 1875; pages 281~—1276 were not issued until 1879. Simi- larly, the Oppenheimer & Evenari (191) work is sometimes cited as published in "198" and the Buscalioni & Roccella (1923) paper as "1922", The index to Knoche's work (1923, 197) refers to page "267" for Lippia, but I fail to find any mention of the gems on that page. The Wolden (193) reference is usually dated "1932", but according to the late botanical bibliographer, Dr. John Hend= ley Barnhart, in a personal communication to me, it was not actu- ally published until 193. He also authenticated for me the Hunm- boldt, Bonpland, & Kunth (1817, 1818) réference dates in the bib- liography of Lippia. The Angely (1971) work is often cited as "1970", the title-page date, but according to Angely himself it was not actually published until 1971. Similarly, the Tackholm & Boulos (197) work was actually issued on November 20, 197) not in "1972" as stated on the title-page. The Lecomte (1935) work is often cited as "193", but actually pages 609--896 of the volume involved here were not issued until 1935. Barroso (1957) records and describes an unidentified species of Lippia from Brazil. Williams (199) records "mpambake" as the vernacular name in Zanzibar for another unidentified Lippia, but L. javanica (Burm. f.) Spreng. is the only species of the genus known to me from that island and the vernacular name there- fore probably applies to that species. He says that its leaves are used medicinally there. Ohwi (1965) records "iwadare-s6 zoku" as the name used in Japan for the genus as a whole; Planer (1775) records "lippie" as the popular name for the genus in Ger- many. Martfnez—Crovetto (196) records "lauro" [meaning "flower"] for an unidentified Lippia known to the Amerinds of the Chaco. Martinez (1969) lists a "Lippia sp.", called "tequistepec" in Oaxaca, Mexico, where it is "Usan el cocimiento para lavar heri- das y fistulas". Martin and his associates (1951) report that the scrub jay in Florida eats the fruit of a Lippia sp. — the only species known to me from Florida is L. alba (Mill.) N. E. Br., but he may even be referring to a Phyla species. Puri (1960) records a "Lippia sp." from rock formations in the Laki range (which is of volcanic origin) in the Sind Desert biotic association in Pakistan, an area with both hot and sulphur springs, but the genus is unknown to me from Pakistan — un- 258 PH ¥ PGcL0 @ia Vol. 38, no. doubtedly he is here referring to a Phyla. Gibbs (197) reports saponins "absent or probably so" and tan- nins definitely absent from Lippia (but how many of its taxa were investigated?), while 6~hydroxyl=flavones, sterols, triterpenes, triterpenoid saponins and/or other sapogenins, and a member of the selinene group were definitely present and "Lippia is a photosen- sitiver (irritant) plant", Kariyone (1967) reports that for "Lippia spp....Dihydrolippione was believed to be a stereoisomer of the epoxide prepared from piperitone", according to Fester (1961, 1963). Mayor (1913) records the fungus, Prospodium vongunteri, as at- tacking an unidentified species of Lippia, while Arthur (1918) found another species, P. lippiae, so doing. Jackson (1932) pro- poses a new species, Puccinia mariae Jacks., for a fungus which he found growing on an unidentified Lippia represented by Holway 1719 from Prata, S#o Paulo, Brazil, collected April 9, 1922. It is named in honor of Mrs. Mary M. Holway and he notes that "This species is very different from P. senilis Arth., in which the teliospore wall bears closely placed tuberculate-verrucose mar- kings and has the apex considerably more thickened." Fedde (1938) records Prospodium lippiae (Speg.) Arth. from unidentified spe- cies of Lippia represented by Holway 364, 117, 661, 5084, & s.n. (Cuernavaca, Morelos, Jan. 1908] and E. E. Rogers s.n. (Austin, spring 1921]. He re-identifies Jackson's Puccinia mariae on Hol= way & Holway 1719 as Prospodium peruvianum (Syd.) Cumm. He like- wise records Prospodium elatipes (Arth. & Holw.) Cumm. from an unknown Lippia represented by Holway 307 from Costa Rica. Bisby (1943) reports that Cummins had up to that time found no less than eight species of Prospodium attacking species of Lippia. Yarwood (1957) reports that the powdery mildew, Erysiphe cichor- acearum, infests species of Lippia in California. It is not cer- tain in any of these cases that the authors are referring to ac- tual species of Lippia or, instead, to a Phyla or an Aloysia. The Petrak Cumulative Index (1957) lists the following fungi from unidentified Lippia species: Fusidium bruchianum, Meliola durantae var. lippiae, Phomopsis citriodora, Puccinia mariae, Sphaceloma lippiae, and Sphaerella lippiae. Hansford (1961) al- so lists Meliola durantae var. lippiae Cif. from a Bermuda Lip- pia, based on Thaxter s.n. and Whetzel 34587. Since there is no true Lippia known from the Bermda Islands, it must be a Phyla to which he is here referring. Westcott (1971) records the fol- lowing fungi as causing serious diseases in Lippia species [prob- ably, again, meaning Phyla]: bacterial crown gall (Agrobacterium tumefaciens) in Arizona, black mildew (Meliola lippiae) in Flor- ida and Arizona, southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii) in Arizona and California, leaf spot (Cercospora li ‘iae) widespread and another leaf spot (Cylindrosporium lippiae) in Texas only. She also records the pests, root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne sp.) in 1978 Moldenke, Notes on Lippia 259 Arizona and spot anthracnose (Sphaceloma lippiae) in Indiana and Florida. Also reported as attacking Lippia are Meliola ambigua var. macrospora and Mycovellosiella ahmsii. The Timmermann BT.99, distributed as Lippia sp., actually is Acantholippia seriphioides (A. Gray) Moldenke, while C. K. Dodge 77, F. R. Fosberg 15335, MacDougall S.9, Mears & Mears 3226, and —— eee eee Pittier 13177 are Lantana achyranthifolia Desf., J. S. Sobrinho ee 1401 is Lantana bahiensis Turcz., Hatschbach 1836, W. Hoehne 5583, F. W. Pennell 3589, Rusby & Pennell 305, and Teixeira 282) (Herb. Serg. Tavares 1936] are Lantana fucata Lindl., D. Griffiths 6260, Rivas, Ostos, & McCart 8136, and M. S. Young 661 are Lantana mac- ropoda Torr., Stuessy 277 is Lantana microcephala A. Rich., Chare- ee eee na f. violacea Moldenke, C. C. Albers 62364 is Lantana viburnoides var. velutina Moldenke, and Mogg s.n. [10/1/38] is Lippia wilmsii H. H. W. Pearson, Eggers 1372 is Verbena litoralis H.B.K., and Burchell 5040, A. Chevalier s.n. [Ponta Grossa, 27 Aofit 1928], and Héringer 1665 are something non-verbenaceous, Wynd 721 is Buddleja sp. in the Buddlejaceae, Patterson & Quifiones 90 is a mint, Azevedo 3 (Herb. Inst. Bot. S. Paulo 774,88] is Hyptis sp. in the Lamiaceae, Gade P.31]1, P.312, & P.313 are Hyptis tafallae Benth., and Molina R. & Molina 22727 is something in the Myrtaceae. In addition to the long list of binomials and trinomials pro- posed in Lippia but now excluded therefrom (as given by me in Phy- tologia 12: 25—39. 1965) are the following, with some emendations to names previously listed: Lipia repens Sessé & Moc. = Phyla cuneifolia (Torr.) Greene Lippea nodiflora Mich. = Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Lippia aristata var. involucrata Hiern = Lantana aristata (Schau.) Bri e Lippia eters var. subsessilis Burkart = Lantana aristata var. subsessilis Moldenke Lippia brasiliensis A. R. Schultz = Lantana brasiliensis Link Lippia canescens Knuth = Phyla nodiflora var. canescens (H.B.K.) Moldenke Lippia canescens Rich. = Phyla nodiflora var. reptans (Spreng .) Moldenke Lippia canescens Robinson = Phyla nodiflora var. reptans (Spreng .) Moldenke Lippia canescens var. uncinuligera (Nees) Gay = Phyla nodiflora var. rosea (D. Don) Moldenke Lippia canescens repens Perry = Phyla nodiflora var. canescens H °B eK e Moldenke Lippia chamaedrifolia (Cham.) Steud. = Aloysia chamaedryfolia Cham. Lippia chilensis Schau. in DC. = Aloysia salviaefolia (Hook. & Arn.) 260 PHY TO POG? A Vol. 38, no. Moldenke Lippia citridora H.B.K. = Aloysia triphylla (L'Hér.) Britton Lippia citriodera H.B.K. = Aloysia triphylla (L'Hér.) Britton Lippia citriodora (Ort.) H.B.K. = Aloysia triphylla (L'Hér.) Britton Lippia cuneifolia var. incisa (Small) Blankinship = Phyla nodi- flora var. incisa (Small) Moldenke Lippia cuneifolia var. incisa (Small) Lindheimer = Phyla nodiflora var. incisa (Small) Moldenke Lippia cymbosa Wilder = Phyla scaberrima (A. L. Juss.) Moldenke Lippia deserticola F. Phil. = Acantholippia deserticola (Re. Aw Phil.) Moldenke Lippia deserticola R. A. Phil. = Acantholippia deserticola (R. A. Phil.) Moldenke Lippia dulcis Trevia = Phyla scaberrima (A. L. Juss.) Moldenke Lippia dulcis var. mexicana Hegi = Phyla scaberrima (A. L. Juss.) Moldenke Lippia dulcis mexicana Kraemer = Phyla scaberrima (A. L. Juss.) Moldenke Lippia geminata var. lochartii Lépez-Palacios = Lantana lockhartii (Griseb.) D. Don. Lippia grisebachiana Hieron. = Aloysia gratissima (Gill. & Hook.) Troncoso Lippia grisebachii Troncoso = Lantana grisebachii Stuck. Lippia herrerae Moldenke = Aloysia herrerae Moldenke Lippia imbricana Kuntze = Lantana achyranthifolia Desf. Lippia incisa E. D. Schulz = Phyla nodiflora var. incisa (Small) Moldenke Lippia incisa Small = Phyla nodiflora var. incisa (Small) Molden- ke Lippia incisa (Small) Tidestr. = Phyla nodiflora var. incisa (Small) Moldenke Lippia incisa Tidestr. = Phyla nodiflora var. incisa (Small) Moldenke Lippia lanceolata var. cognita Fern. & Grisc. = Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene Lippia lanceolata var. reconita Fern. & Grisc. = Phyla lanceo- lata (Michx.) Greene Lippia lanceolata var. xanthocarpa Unger = Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene Lippia ligustrina Kearney & Peebles = Aloysia gratissima (Gill. & Hook.) Troncoso Lippia ligustrina Trev. = Aloysia gratissima (Gill. & Hook.) Troncoso Liopia ligustrina schulzii Standl. = Aloysia gratissima var. schulzae (Standl.) Moldenke Lippia ligustrinifolia Thuret = Citharexylum ligustrinum Van Houtte 1978 Moldenke, Notes on Lippia 261 Lippia linearis Humb. = Phyla linearis (H.B.K.) Troncoso & Lépez— Palacios Lippia linearis Humb. & Bonpl. = Phyla linearis (H.B.K.) Troncoso & Lépez—Palacios Lippia linearis H.B.K. = Phyla linearis (H.B.K.) Troncoso & Lépez- Palacios Lippia linearis Humb. & Kunth = Phyla linearis (H.B.K.) Troncoso & Lépez—Palacios Lippia linearis Kunth = Phyla linearis (H.B.K.) Troncoso & Lépez- Palacios Lippia lingustrinifolia El-Gazzar & Wats. = Citharexylum ligustri- num Van Houtte Lippia lycioides (Cham.) Steud. = Aloysia gratissima (Gill. & Hook.) Troncoso Lippia lycioides Staudt. = Aloysia gratissima (Gill. & Hook.) Troncoso Lippia macrophylla R. A. Phil. = Acantholippia deserticola (R. A. Phil.) Moldenke Lippia megapotamica Spreng. = Lantana montevidensis (Spreng.) Briq. Lippia microphylla F. Phil. = Acantholippia deserticola (Rohs Phil.) Moldenke Lippia microphylla R. A. Phil. = Acantholippia deserticola mm. 4. Phil.) Moldenke Lippia montevidense Spreng. = Lantana montevidensis (Spreng.) Briq. Lippia nodiflora (C. Bauhin) Michx. = Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Lippia nodiflora Benth. = Phyla nodiflora var. rosea (D. Don) Moldenke Lippia nodiflora (L.) L. C. Rich. ex Michx. = Phyla nodiflora (Ls) Greene Lippia nodiflora (L.) Rich. ex Schau. = Phyla nodiflora (Ee) Greene Lippia nodiflora (L.) R. Schauer = Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Lippia nodiflora f. maritima Simpson = Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Lippia nodiflora var. normalis f. sericea Kuntze = Phyla strigu- losa var. sericea (Kuntze) Moldenke Lippia nodiflora var. repanda (H.B.K.) Kuntze = Phyla nodiflora var. reptans (Spreng.) Moldenke Lippia nodiflora var. repens Fern. = Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Lippia nodiflora var. reptans (H.B.K.) Kuntze = Phyla nodiflora var. reptans (Spreng.) Moldenke Lippia nodiflora var. reptans Kuntze = P. la nodiflora var. rep- tans (Spreng.) Moldenke Lippia nodiflora var. rosea (D. Don) Macbr. = Phyla nodiflora var. rosea (D. Don) Moldenke Lippia nodiflora var. rosea (D. Don) Munz = Phyla nodiflora var. rosea (D. Don) Moldenke 262 PHYTO LO GILDA Vol. 38, now Lippia nodiflora var. rosea Thomas = Phyla nodiflora var. rosea De Don) Moldenke Lippia nodiflora var. sericea Kuntze = Phyla strigulosa var. ser- icea (Kuntze) Moldenke Lippia nodiflora var. sericea f. brevipes Kuntze = Phyla strigulo- ga var. sericea (Kuntze) Moldenke Lippia nodiflora var. strigulosa (Mart. & Gal.) Macbr. = Phyla strigulosa (Mart. & Gal.) Moldenke Lippia nodiflora Q& normalis Kuntze = Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Lippia nodiflora ({ normalis f. brevipes Planch. = Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Lippia nodiflora & normalis f. sericea Kuntze = Phyla strigulosa var. sericea (Kuntze) Moldenke Lippia nodiflora ~ lanceolata (Michx.) Wood = Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene Lippia nodiflora repens Fern. = Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Lippia nodiflora sarmentosa Schau. = Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Lippia nodoflora Rich. = Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Lippia mdiflora L. = Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Lippia nudiflora Rich. = Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Lippia polystacchia Farnsworth = Aloysia polystachya (Griseb.) Moldenke Lippia polystachia Farnsworth, Blomst., Quim., & Schermerh. = Aloysia polystachya (Griseb.) Moldenke Lippia purpurea Armano = Lantana trifolia L. Lippia purpurea Yacg. = Lantana achyranthifolia Desf. Lippia queretensis Humb. & Bonpl. = Phyla strigulosa (Mart. & Gal.) Moldenke Lippia repens Bert. = Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Lippia repens H.B.K. = Phyla nodiflora var. reptans (Spreng.) Moldenke Lippia reptans Humb. = Phyla nodiflora var. reptans (Spreng .) Moldenke Lippia reptans Humb. & Bonpl. = Phyla nodiflora var. reptans Spreng.) Moldenke Lippia reptans H.B.K. = Phyla nodiflora var. reptans (Spreng.) Moldenke Lippia reptans Humb. & Kunth = Phyla nodiflora var. reptans (Spreng .) Moldenke Lippia reptans Kunth = Phyla nodiflora var, reptans (Spreng.) Moldenke Lippia reptans L. = Phyla nodiflora var. reptans (Spreng.) Mol- denke Lippia reptans (Spreng.) H.B.K. = Phyla nodiflora var. reptans Spreng.) Moldenke Lippia reptans sensu Griseb. = Phyla strigulosa (Mart. & Gal.) Moldenke 1978 Moldenke, Notes on Lippia 263 Lippia salsoloides Benth. = Acantholippia deserticola (R. A. Phil.) Moldenke Lippia salsoloides Benth. & Hook. f. = Acantholippia deserticola (R. A. Phil.) Moldenke Lippia salsoloides Briq. = Acantholippia deserticola (R. A. Phil.) Moldenke Lippia salsoloides (Griseb.) Benth. = cantholippia deserticola (R. A. Phil.) Moldenke Lippia salsoloides (Griseb.) Benth. & Hook. f. = Acantholippia deserticola (R. A. Phil.) Moldenke Lippia salsoloides (Griseb.) Briq. = Acantholippia deserticola (R. A. Phil.) Moldenke Lippia salviaefolia Jacq. = Lantana rugosa Thunb. Lippia salvifolia Jacq, = Lantana rugosa Thunb. Lippia salzmanni Moldenke = Lantana salzmanni Schau. Lippia scoronoides H.B.K. = Aloysia scorodonioides (H.B.K.) Cham. Lippia seriphioides (Moldenke) A. Gray = Acantholippia seriphi- oides (A. Gray) Moldenke Lippia stoechadiflora Anderss. = Phyla stoechadifolia (L.) Small Lippia trifida var. gracilis Phil. = Acantholippia deserticola (R, A. Phil.) Moldenke Lippia triflora L. = Lantana trifolia L. Lippia turnerifolia var. camporum Griseb. -~- to be deleted Lippia urticoides Steud. = Aloysia virgata (Ruiz & Pav.) A. L. Juss. Lippia viticifolia Heiner = Aloysia virgata (Rufz & Pav.) A. L. Juss. Lippia wrightii var. macrostachya Torr. = Aloysia macrostachya (Torr.) Moldenke LIPPIA ABYSSINICA (Otto & Dietr.) Cuf. Additional synonymy: Lippia adoensis "Hochst. ex Schauer" apud Lugard, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1939: 95. 1939. Lippia ado- Snsis "Hochst. ex Schau." apud Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 2: 549, in syn. 1971 [not L. adoénsis Auct., 1962, nor R. Fries, 197, nor sensu Hutch. & Dalz., 1963] Additional & emended bibliography: Otto & Dietr., Allg. Garten- zeit. 10: 315--316. 182; Schau. in A. DC., Prodr. 11: 578—579 & 608. 1847; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 252, 265, & 266. 1858; Durand & DeWild., Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg. 36: 12. 1898; Almagia in Pirotta, Fl. Col. Erit. [Ann. Inst. Bot. Roma 8:] 132. 19033; Maubl., Bull. Soc. Myc. France 19: 291. 1903; Rovesti, Ann. Chim. Appl. 17: 553--570. 19273 Schimmel & Co., Ann. Rep. 1928: 65. 1928; Anon., Chem. Abstr. 22: 143). 1928; G. Klein, Handb. Pflanzenanal. 3 (1): 580 & 582. 19323; Rabaté, Rev. Bot. Appl. Agr. Trop. 18: 350—-35h. 1938; Rabaté, Chem. Abstr. 32: 8701 (1938) and 33: 8920. 1939; Lugard, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1939: 95. 19393 Anon., Chem. Abstr. 3: 4231. 190; Kerharo & Bouquet, Pl. Méd. & Tox. Céte Iv. 232—-233. 1950; Roberty, Pet. Fl. Ouest- 26h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. Afric. 179 & 180. 1954; Dale & Greenway, Kenya Trees 588. 1961; Hansford, Sydowia Ann. Myc., ser. 2, Beih. 2: 691. 1961; Gledhill, Check List Flow. Pl. Sierra Leone 30. 1962; W. Zimmerm., Excerpt. Bot. A.5: 478. 1962; Anon., Excerpt. Bot. A.6: 7. 1963; Meikle in Brenan & al., Kew Bull. 17: 173. 19633; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.10: 270--271. 1966; Bouquet, Invent. Pl. Méd. & Tox. Cong. Braz. 33. 1967; W. G. Burger, Fam. Flow. Pl. Ethiop. fig. 60 (1). 1967; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.l1: 50) (1967) and A.12: 25. 1967; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 49: 199. 1968; Uphof, Dict. Econ. Pl., ed. 2, 315. 1968; Cuf., Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg. 39: Suppl. 31. 1969; Farnsworth, Blomster, Quimby, & Schermerh., Lynn Index 6: 26h. 19693 Anon., Assoc. ftud. Tax. Fl. Afr. Trop. Index 1969: 61. 1970; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1): 79. 1970; Vergiat, Journ. Agr. Trop. Bot. Appl. 17: 336. 1970; Moldenke, Fifth Sum. 1s 211, 212, 215, 218, 222, 227, 230, 233, 234, 21, & 2h (1971) and 2: 534, 542, 549, 565, & 889. 1971; Rovesti, Riv. Ital. Es- senz. Prof. Piant. Off. 5h: 254--258. 1972; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 420 (1972) and 25: 20. 1973; Howes, Dict. Useful Pl. 10). 1973; Farnsworth, Pharmacog. Titles 9 (6): vi & 501. 1973 Hes- lop-Harrison, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 15: 80. 197h3; A. L. Moldenke, Phytologia 29: 172. 197); Troncoso, Darwiniana 18: 336 & 10. 197); Jaeger & Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 387 & 389 (1975) and 3k: 260, 261, & 269. 1976. Additional illustrations: W. G. Burger, Fam. Flow. Pl. Ethiop. fig. 60 (1). 1967. Recent collectors describe this plant as a much-branched shrubby bush or subshrub, suffrutescent and much-branched as the base, 3—-l, feet tall, or as an aromatic flowering bush with an upright, single, branching stem, the stems purplish, the sap clear, the leaves sparse, strongly aromatic, "suggesting lemon", and the flowers fragrant. The corollas are said to have been "creamy-white" on Verdcourt 973, "white and yellow" on Tanner RT .4032, and "lavender with a yellowish=white eye" on F. G. Meyer 7448. They have encountered it on shady banks, in high grass on hardpan, in waste ground, in heavy black soil, along roadsides, and, according to Albers, “common in roadside ditches". Kuls re- fers to it as a "haufiges Kraut an trockenen Stellen, Bliiten violett". Lugard (1939) refers to it as "erect to 6 ft., leaves opposite, ternate or quadrate, very scabrid, flowers pale yellow, in subglobose shortly pedunculate axillary spikes...widely dis- tributed in Tropical Africa", but it is very possible that he is referring here to L. chevalierii Moldenke, at least in part. Irvine describes L. abyssinica as "A shrub )--6 feet high; flowers white, fragrant, terminal" and asserts that "It occurs on grassy plains near the sea and also inland [in Ghana]. The leaves are fragrant and are dried in the sun, boiled in water and the extract drunk as tea with sugar. It relieves pain in the stomach and is laxative in its effects; it also cures fever. It is much liked by children as well as adults. The leaves are also cooked with food to relieve constipation." 1978 Moldenke, Notes on Lippia 265 Vergiat (1970) calls it an "Arbrisseau de savane a tiges annuelles, commun, croit par touffes de 2 m de haut environ; feuilles rigides, &pres au toucher, de teinte sombre. Floraison: fleurs blanches 4 bractées noires, trés odoriférantes. La dé- coction des feuilles pour la boisson et le bain des fiévreux; bue, le matin a geun, elle est vermifuge. On l'emploie aussi contre la dysenterie et certains maux de ventre.....Dans le cas de fatigue on se frictionne le corps avec la plante cuite dans l'eau. Le suc extrait par pressuration des raclures des racines est introduit dans les narines contre le coryza et sous les paupiéres contre les maux d'yeux. On tire de cette plante un sel utilisé comme médicament." Robaté (1938) reports that the plant has a strong aromatic odor when fresh due to an essence which is extractable from the whole plant and is soluble in water. It consists of 72 percent carvone, 5 percent d-limonene, 2.l; percent phellandrene, and 3.) percent terpene. Successive sublimates possess pure d=-camphre. Kerharo (1967) informs us that Lasnet claims that only 21 of all the plants of the area discussed [Senegal] which are claimed to have medicinal value actually do, including Lippia abyssinica or "le Thé de Gambfie", of which he says "les feuilles donnent une infusion qui rappelle vaguement le Thé et dont la réputation est trés surfaite" as a stimulant. He also comments that "pour sa richesse en camphre lévogyre le Lippia adoensis". It should be noted here that the name, "thé de Gambie", is applied also to Lippia chevalierii Moldenke. Other common names recorded for L. abyssinica (in addition to those previously reported by me) are “amaniena maniéna", "amaninié", "angankouin", "brégué balenté", "prégué male", "dasuru", "fon", "futuro", "Gambian tea bush", "katien manéré", "kouatri", "ngireyi", "nounoum", "okan-koino", "sourou nougban", "tea bush", and "vava". It has been found growing at altitudes of 1000—-2600 meters, in flower in January, March to June, and August to November, and in fruit in January, March, May, and August to November. Roberty (195) refers to it as "+ rudéral, parfois gregaire". Irvine (1930) says that it is used in Ghana "for attracting bees and as a source of bush tea", Farnsworth and his associates (1969) report the presence of 1-Q-pinene, l-camphene, cineole, l=-borneol, 1-camphor, sesqui- terpene, carvone, d-limonene, and unidentified hydrocarbons in the volatile oil of the flowers. Uphof (1968) claims that it is the "source of a tea substitute which is much appreciated by the natives of some parts of west Africa and by Europeans". Kerharo & Bouquet (1950) say: "Trés répandu dans toute la zone de savane de la Céte d'Ivoire, le Lippia adoensis est un sous-arbrisseau, a feuilles verticillées odorantes et a petites fleurs blanches ou lilas, groupées en petites boules globuleus- es trés nombreuses. D'une facgon général, les feuilles de Lippia sont utilisées sous forme de boissons théiformes contre toutes les manifestations fébriles. Contre les accés pernici- 266 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. eux les indigénes utilisent la décoction de la plante entiére et complétent le traitement par de violentes frictions avec les feuilles fraiches. En Céte d'Ivoire cette verbénacée sert aussi a soigner les affections gastro-intestinales et les entérites: le décocté de feuilles est donné en boisson, tandis que celui de racines est pris en lavements. "Comme: beaucoup de plantes 4 essences, le Lippia adoensis est employé pour soigner les affections rhino=pharyngées, buccales et oculaires en particulier le conjonctivites; le suc de feuilles est donné en instillations oculaires ou nasales selon le cas. En= fin le Lippia entre dans différents traitements complexes de la maladie du sommeil et surtout des ictéres graves (fiévre jaune). Cette espéce doit ses propriétés 4 une essence d'odeur menthée camphrée fournissant du camphre levogyre." Tarr (1955) reports that Lippia abyssinica is attacked by the fungus Puccinia lippiivora (P. lip lippiicola) in the Sudan, while Hansford (1961) records the additional fungus, Meliola lippiae Maubl., from it as host in Sierra Leone and Dahomey, based on Deighton 3583 and LeTestu s.n. It should be noted here that Lippia adoénsis Auct. and L. adoensis R. Fries, referred to in the synonymy above, are syno- nyms of L. grandifolia Hochst., while the L. adoénsis "sensu Hutch. & Dalz." is a synonym of L. savoryi Meikle. Lugard (1939) cites his no. 109; Cufodontis (1962) cites Kuls 83 & 97; Irvine (1930) cites his no. 43 from Ghana. Baker (1900) erroneously includes L. grandifolia Hochst. in the synonymy of L. abyssinica. Chevalier (1911) cites his nos. 67 & 307, but, as I have stated before, I regard his no. 67 as as Re oharataanie Moldenke; while his Steer collection has not as yet been seen by me, it more than likely will be found to represent the same species. The Schlieben 319, distributed as L. abyssinica, actually Aergolbiirin L. eee (Burm. f.) Spreng., while Breteler 57h & Wiidsukes Additional citations: ETHIOPIA: C. A. Albers 61102 (Au— 223860), 62002 (Au—-22345), 6201 (Au--223452), 62460 (Au— 22101); F. G. Meyer 7448 (W—2519756); Schimper II.1079 (Mu). TANGANYIKA: Tanner RT RT £032 (Ba). KENYA: Verdcourt 973 (E— 164953) « LIPPIA ABYSSINICA var. PUBESCENS (Moldenke) Moldenke Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.10: 271. 1966; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 403. °1967; Moldenke, Fifth Summ, 1: 23 (1971) and 2: 549 & 889. 19713 Moldenke, Phytologia 3h: 260 & 261. 1976. [to be contimed] THE IDENTIFICATION OF CULTIVATED PLANTS. Il. THE GENUS TRITICUM L. Afaf A. Badawe + | INe Milcageee and M.A. titan” ABSTRACT: Comparative observations on 26 characters have been recorded for 1, 24 and 27 varieties of Triticum pyramidale Delile, T. durum Desf., and T. vulgare Vill. respectively and used in the construction of dichotomous non-indented keys for their identification. None of the varieties involved are identical, and awn length is the only character found that can roughly separate the varieties of T. durum from those of T. vulgare, being 11 cm or more in the former and nO. em or Jess in the. latter. INTRODUCTION There are 20 Triticum species with well over 30000 cultivated races and varieties (Airy Shaw, 1973). They are distributed mainly around the Mediterranean basin, although some have been domesticated in a much wider area ranging from the borders of the arctic circle to near the equator (Kent, 1966). In the most widely accepted classification of the genus (Kent, 1966; Aykroyd and Doughty, 1970), there are 3 main groups incorporating the diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid taxa with 14, 28 and 42 chromosomes respectively. However, the distinction between the classification of wheats and their identification has not been clear since the same arrangement has also provided the main identifi- catory tool for members of this genus and precious little has so far been done to construct practicable keys for them. Clearly, while chromosome numbers may be useful for classificatory purposes, they can at best be of limited identificatory value because they are far from easily observable and liable to change with various types of natural and artificial stimuli. Interested as we are in the identification of culti- vated plants, we aimed at the generation of dichotomous Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams Univ. (2) The Herbarium, Faculty of Science, Cairo Univ., Giza. (3) Crops Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Giza, Egypt. 267 268 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. non-indented keys to the wheats grown in Egypt as well as some representative varieties from the main regions where wheat is commercially grown. The general policy adopted in character scoring and key construction has previously been outlined by El-Gazzar (1976). It is hoped that the present work will initiate other urgently needed studies involving as many wheat races and varieties from other parts of the world as possible. MATERIAL AND METHODS Well-authenticated grains of 52 varieties (listed in Table 1) have been collected from various sources, and raised simultaneously under the same environmental condi- tions at the experimental fields of the Ministry of Agriculture in Bahteem. They belong to Triticum vulgare Vill. (27 varieties), T. durum Desf. (24 varieties) and fT. pyramidale Delile (1 variety). Voucher specimens are kept in the herbarium of the Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, where this work has been carried out. Most of the characters recorded for these plants (see Table 2) are of the type that can be easily observed by independent workers (i.e. users of the keys based on them) and require little more than an ordinary magnifying lens and a ruler. However, some features of the glumes and flag leaves necessitated their clearing in warm lactic acid prior to microscopic examination. Pollen grains from mature anthers have been warmed on a shide in 5% KOH solution and stained in 1% safranin, with the use of glycerin-jelly as mounting medium. OBSERVATIONS The following is a brief account of some of the characters recorded comparatively for the 52 varieties of Triticum in Appendix I: A. Vegetative morphology 1. The stem: The hight of the plant has been estimated as the average of 10 measurements of stem length (from stem base to tip of the spike excluding the awns), and ranges from 55 cm in T. vulgare v. PM2R to 175 cm in 7. durum v. arotha, although most varieties have stems 85-115 cm high. The number of internodes is constant for each variety and differs from one variety to the next, being 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7. Although the only two varieties wim stems consisting of more than 5 internodes have also the highest stems in the present sample (i.e. T. durum vars. minodom and arotha), there seems to be no direct relat- lonship between the hight of the stem and the number of its internodes: For instance, while the stems of the 2 1978 Badawi, El-Gazzar, & Allam, Triticum 269 varieties T. durum vars. duker 7 and duker 11 are only 85 and 86 cm high and consist of 5 internodes each, there are 8 varieties whose stems are 115 cm high or more and have only 4 internodes. Therefore, as a contribution from variation in internode length the averages of at least 10 length measurements of each of the terminal and basal internodes for all 52 varieties have been scored. The longest and shortest terminal internodes measure 32 em_in T. durum v. arotha and 10 cm in T. vulgare v. PM2R respectively; these two varieties also have the longest (26 cm) and shortest (3.7 cm) basal internodes respectiv- ely. Some duker varieties (e.g. 1-3, 8, 10-15, 49 and 52) have conspicuously basal nodes. As regards stem colour, two categories are easily distinguishable: (i) pure white, yellow to golden yellow, and (ii) pale violet to dark purple. 2. Flag leaves: The length and width of the flag leaf vary consider- ably in different varieties ranging in length from 18 to 58.5 em, and in width between 1.5 and 3.1 cm. The number of main veins entering the base of the flag leaf seems to be constant for each variety and ranges between 38 and 87 in the 52 varieties under investigation, with the majority of them having 50-70 veins per leaf. It is noticeable, however, that the number of veins in flag leaves bears no obvious relationship to their width: 18 varieties have flag leaves 2 cm broad and traversed by 15 of the 30 nun- bers of veins encountered in the 52 varieties, including the highest and lowest numbers (i.e. 87 and 38 respectiv- ely), and the same number of veins (e.g. 46) can be found in varieties (T. durum v. duker 13, T. durum v. duker 49, T. vulgare v. Africa mayo composite IV and T. vulgare v. mabrouk) with flag leaves whose width covers the full range observed in the 52 varieties (i.e. 1.5-3.1 cm). TB\c Spikes and spikelets Spike and spikelet morphology differs tremendously in different wheat varieties and has a highly discriminative value for members of this genus. Mature spikes (i.e. immediately prior to fertilization) may be fusiform or oblong in outline and erect, curved or drooping in posit- ion, They may be richly dense with spikelets, moderately dense or lax. Furthermore, the glumes vary in colour between white to yellowish and brown, with most T. vulgare varieties possessing brown glumes. The range of variation in glume dimensions is 6-10 mm in length, 1.5-4.5 mm in width, with the glume peak length ranging between 0.5 mm and 7.0 mm. However, the glumes of 44 varieties are 7-9 mm long, those of 22 varieties are 2-3 mm broad, with the glume peak 1-3 mm long in 39 varieties. Glume apex is invariably awned in the varieties studied, and varies in 270 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. shape between obtuse and acuminate, with some varieties possessing the intermediate case of acute glume apex. Awns may be toothed or toothless, and white-pale yellow or brown-black. Awn length has been scored as the aver- age of 10 measurements of awns taken from different mature spikes for each variety, although fluctuation in awn length in the various spikes is remarkably limited. The longest awns measure 22.0 cm in T. durum v. duker 52 while the shortest are found in fT. vulgare v. snova 64 and measure only 5.5 cm. However, awn length of most varieties falls within 7 to 14 cm. It is worth pointing out that awn length provides the only character listed in Table 1 which can help separate (though not absolutely) the varieties of T. durum from those of T. vulgare: 20 of the 23 varieties (i.e. 86.9%) of the former species have awns 11 cm or more in length, whereas of the 26 varieties of the latter no less than 24 (i.e. 92.3%) have awns 10 cm or less in length. The only variety of T. pyramidale studied (baladi 116) has 15 cm long awns. C. Kernels Features recorded from the kernels concern their size and colour. All size measurements (length, thickness and size of 100 kernels) have been taken as the average of 10 readings for each variety. Here again, Kernel dimensions taken from different spikes of the same variety showed only slight fluctuation. Kernel length ranges between 5.5 and 8.5 mm, with most varieties having kernels 6-7 mm long. Similarly, kernel thickness varies from 2.5 mm in T. vulgare vars. MD474, PM2B and chenodo 70 to 3.6 mm in T. durum vars. duker 8 and duker 2 The 4 categories of kernel colour (i.e. yellow, amber yellow, brown and amber brown) commonly recognized in wheats have also been observed in the present sample of varieties. D. Pollen grains With the rapid and simple method used here for the preparation of pollen grains for microscopic examination, the use of some palynological features in wheat identifi- cation poses little or no problems. In any case, it will be noticed from the keys presented in this article that we resorted to the single character recorded from pollen grains (pollen diameter) only when it provided the best practical means for the discrimination between some varieties. Appendix I shows that some varieties have pollen grains twice as large as those of others. For example, while the grains of T. vulgare v. inia measure 96 u in diameter, those of 6 varieties (e.g. T. durum v. duker 4, T. vulgare v. PM2R) are only 48 u in diameter. 1978 Badawi, El-Gazzar, & Allam, Triticum 271 THE KEYS In view of the relatively large number of varieties involved in the present study, they have been divided into 4 groups and a separate key has been constructed for each group. Key to groups I-Jv mepovemea5> CM long or more... s » * ess -« Group I Stem 140 cm long or less cS ehelehs sazes B Rees semOde SWOLLEN he 2 sie ejel Sie wi 6!) sue C Baeasemode not swollen, ... . ss « « * s « Group II C. Stem white to heed aie Pe Pe ARE GH Bc -Group Ill Suemapurple:. . . eae, ome A : - Group IV Group I (5 varieties) 1. Awn toothed, basal internode 17 cm long, 55 veins or less in flag leaf, kernel 2.7 mm thick 2's Awn toothless, basal internode at least 23 cm long, at least 60 veins in flag leaf, kernel EG ek ws tt lt og kl lh te es Be 36 2. Basal node swollen, spike fusiform, flag leaf S)-ver1nea, glume peak 5 mm long . .'.. . .' Duker 3 Basal internode not swollen, spike oblong, flag leaf 55-veined, glume peak 1.5 mm .. Duker 4 3. Stem white, no lodging, spike moderately Geuee. pollen diameter 64 uu. .°5 20S 3s 6 4, Stem purple, lodging present, spike lax, pollen 56 uin diameter... Aber ; kubanka 4. Spike curved, glume apex acuminate, flag leaf 65-veined .... od eee is es arotha Spike drooping, glume apex “acute, flag teaimmoe—vwemneds 2. 2S Sp oe. Bees eee mindom Group II (20 varieties eee Gn sc 8 ee sl em me wm Stem white ... Me Roe, tomer Oo G0 155 dec 2. Basal node swollen eee et ets ee oe Basal node not swollen ... 3. Spike curved, terminal internode 27 om “long Duker 1 Spike erect, terminal internode 16 cm long Duker 2 Perr tumememio awns DrOwWN « «+. «0 10,8 « « & Ds Glumes and awns white ...... nay 6 5. Awn toothed, 12 cm long, spike drooping, flag leaf 26 cm long, 87-veined, glume Seen MI Oe. a ey ecbie mie ef exes, oe) ee Duker 7 Awn toothless, 6.5 cm long, spike erect, flag leaf 18 cm long, 46-veined, glume eT 6 a sole 0 Ue va eS el Mabrouk 272 PH YeT OpbtOsGad Ak Vol. 38, no. 6. Awn toothless, no lodging . ..... .-. » « Bajio 67 Awn toothed,. stem lodging . ...sc0 «ae eee Te 7. Spike drooping, kernel amber yellow, stem 60 cm long, glume peak 4 mm long, pollen GA U in) DLaMetEr (sb) =.=) 5 =, bee, cn PM2B Spike curved, kernel brown, stem 85 cm long, glume peak 1.5 mm, pollen diameter 56u... PM12 S. Bwn dark-coloured ...°. “. « +2. s; @ © .»..eagen 9. Awn white-yellow . 2. 6 %6 « {2.684% see 10. 9. Spike oblong, curved, glumes and kernel brown, stem 95 cm long, glume peak 6 mm long.... PMS Spike fusiform, erect, glumes white, kernel amber yellow, stem 75 cm long, glume peak 2 MMe TONE «os us os 66 6 6 6 USL ee 1 O. Awn 1 O-1 5 cm long . . e . . e . . ° e e e ° q e Awn 5-9 cm long "3. "ois ' acs «o> 6 oe eee ies 11. Awn toothless, spike curved, kernel amber brown, glume 4x6 mm, obtuse, stem 115 cm long, terminal internode 22 cm long, basal 15 cm long, flag leaf 38-veined. .\.-«.a)aen eee? Awn toothed, spike erect, kernel yellow, glumes 10x1.5 mm, acute, stem 65 cm long, terminal internode 14 cm long, basal 8 cm long, flag leaf with more than 50 veins .. Duker 9 12. Awn toothless, glume peak 1 mm long .... Lee Awn toothed, glume peak 2-3 mm long .... 16. 13. Spike fusiform, pollen 64-96 u in diameter . pe Spike oblong, pollen diameter 48 u .'. «a )eue 15. 14. Stem 110 cm long with 5 internodes, flag leaf 27 cm long, 46-veined . Africa mayo composite IV Stem 70 cm long with 3 internodes, flag leaf 24 cm long with, 71 veins . « ««\sseme eee 15. Spike. erect, terminal internode 16 cm tong, flag leaf 50-veined .. . «. eis « «= MeOrelOpen Spike drooping, terminal internode 26 cm long, flag leaf 7i-veined .Africa mayo composite III 16. Stem 85-90 cm long, flag leaf at leas 24 cm long . . . . . . e e ° e e . e ° e . ° 1 ihe Stem 55-60 cm long, flag leaf less than 20 Gm Jong J 3 S02 6 specks on bes be ae 19. 17. Internodes 5, basal and terminal ones 8 and 13 em long respectively, kernel brown .. . Duker 6 Internodes 3, basal and terminal ones 6 and 14 cm long respectively, kernel yellow... 18. 18. Awn 5.5 cm long, spike curved, glumes acuminate . . « e's 0 « © « « « © « aie) mimes eens Awn 8.0 cm long, glumes acute, spikes erect . s/s 6 6 0 6 6 0 Sa 6 6 | a) enn 19. Kernel brown, glumes acute, pollen 48 u fuvaiameter-s 2 soe ss ec 6 Se 5 0 PM2R 1978 Badawi, El-Gazzar, & Allam, Triticum 273 Kernel amber yellow, glumes acuminate, men dianeter! 648m vi 4 os sees 2 37% PM4 Group III (9 varieties Saommoc Cm Votipror Lesst—.-'s so. Se ad). S Ane mea Least |1oO em Tone” 5 sss w8 Ss 6k. 4, eres 54 en Lone 2s) Sos kee eee ee Bie meaeeeeaf 29 em’ long . s. « Pawa ste Duker 14 Glumes brown, stem 86 cm long with 5 internodes, spike curved, pollen 64 u .... Duker 11 Glumes white, stem 60 cm long with 3 internodes, spike erect, pollen 48 u.... mag 54 Stem 135 cm long, with 5 internodes and lodging, spike moderately dense ... * ACME Stem 118 cm long or less, with 4 internodes, no lodging, spike lax (dense in Giza 145). . Ne Awn less than 10 cm long, flag leaf 41-veined 6. Awn at least 14 cm long, flag leaf with at eee ewe lNSts sh. sss % SS st Se ee jis Spike fusiform, dense, erect, terminal Treorngees 15.6 Cm’ 1ONE .-.. 2 «6% «iw es ws 6Gizea 145 Spike oblong, lax, curved, terminal internode c.20 cm long. . ales ait oie mokhtar Glumes brown, acute, flag leaf 46-veined Duker 13 Glumes white, acuminate, re leaf with at least 59 veins. ‘ a 8. Awn toothed, kernel amber "yellow, pollen 56 wu in diameter re ROE : sj) one eee (Seven (siars Awn toothless, kernel brown, pollen MMememnOONUs < 5 5 % 5s 6" eet se, ceo eee se ~ inia 156 Group IV (18 varieties oem emevone or less :°. 2 6 sss eae Seeneaceveost: 150:;cm long . <'. s « ' Pimme peak O-/ mm long «2°. « ¢ « «\« Glume peak 0.5-3.0 mm long .... Spikes oblong, curved, moderately dense, awn toothed, kernel yellow, flag leaf 19 Peer we eeOs! SiG 2 hak ec ee ew so crates &” Giza 150 Spikes fusiform, erect, dense, awn toothless, oo ee @ @ ° PWD e e@ ee @ kernel brown, flag leaf twice as long ... PMI Peumerawhite-yellow’ .'s0s 2 So. 2 8 eee 8 755 em She hae se 20S ll! 5 eS hs 9. See OS OM) 6 SLSR REeeha ae LBS ete te 3s 6. eee 5 oh e Sel es Bae 5 8. Stem 80 cm long, terminal internode 44. 2 cm long, flag leaf 50-veined, pollen diameter 72 u ees : ag Se SaaS we : « «*\snova 64 Stem 107-115 cm long, terminal internode gli em long or more, flag leaf with 61-63 veins, powren 56 uin diameter <<. sss «ss Se he 27h PRY POO Gita Vol. 38, no. Te FPlag leaf 23) em JONP «1 sy <« ws! ov «sade «eee Flag leaf 30 cm long . 2 « «+ «is ©» sus) oh ane te 8. Spike fusiform, kernel brown, glume acuminate, awn 7.5 cm long, flag leaf WEth 56. VEiNS ..2 .« « .< « @ijeu @. Sy waren fee PM11 Spike oblong, kernel yellow, glume obtuse, awn twice as long, flag leaf 70-veined . . .baladi 116 9... 9uen with 5 internodes . .. « ta.! oc i ). 23. Glume length (6-10 mm). 24. Glume width (1.5-4.5 mm). 25. Length of glume peak (0.5-7.0 mm). 26. Pollen diameter (48-96 u). APPENDIX I Comparative observations on 26 characters of 52 varieties of Triticum durum, T. vulgare and T. pyramidale. Serial numbers assigned to varieties and to characters correspond with those given in Tables 1 and 2 respectively. Symbols used to denote character states are in accordance with those in Table 2. Missing and inapplicable attributes are represented by points. Vara. Qualitative and multistate characters 4 2 D 4 5 6 a 8 pe HO) Maal he 1 ~ + - + + + + 4 ] 2 2 5 2 - + - + + + + 5 5) 1 2 5 3 - + - + 4 + A 5 6) 2 2 5 4 ~ ~ - 7 + + + 5 2 2 2 2 5 + - - + - + + 4 5 Zz 4 1 277 Badawi, El-Gazzar, & Allam, Triticum 1978 endix I (cont. vars. Qualitative and multistate characters 1 2 5) 4 5 6 t 8 Cy Oa 2 A NA me NINA AN Oe ON NAINA AN ONIN A YN YY NY BN SI BYE IN IID NN ANN RK KK NK KPH KHNANANANN TN TTMM TH AMAMMMMYAN RK KK TNT MOANA NOS BVIN A KH NAN MN NA mm NINN NAAN A YE IIIA RK NAN RK Nr OOK NNN KO NO OO TH KMD KH KK MMANMNMMNANNN KE NN Rr rm Om TH TON EK NN RK OK NR RMT KN KH MRK KAM LN LO SSL SL HENNY EO LN LI HEL OLN LN SOTO YN YN YN YN YY SY YL st YY EY YL tt OY tb ett ot eo ttt tEEE HEHE Ht ot HEHEHE Eee eee eer rete eteeeete ot tte +rtetede err errr ree eee ete ete eet ee rete errr teerteeeereeterteet t++eeteteteteteerrrrrrrter rrr ererteeteerreeteeerrrteis rae ae a t++epteteetrete rrr ree er rere erteetee er ereeteeerrreerreretetirs Cialeati el cl atipali al) ahogke Ae She28) Ui hott. NT se oly ak, WO I, ite se eG te A ee a Mod Prrtr treet teeter eee eee terre rrr rrere eee ere tee tet tte Het HHT Se ee -ecre Se ee Vol. 38, noe k Pope? 0.1L. OG Tz 278 Appendix I (cont.) 23 24-25 24 20>: 2-22 Quantitative characters 14 415 16) — RANE 19 Le FNOMOWOOUOTFOPOUOTDOUOODTATVNTOODTONOTDANOTFTOOVNOWUWOUWOWO TOW) WO PLAN FID LALA LAW LNW LY LY OO HLA LN AO OO BO LN PFO LAE NO AO DWN LNW LALLA LNW OL Sa ee Se aS oe eS Se ae eee Se Oe ane Seino ae . e's @ ww @ «8 ° o eo oO e ae irae ee wet a dae ee ta oa ee et OO Ol & GG IL pee ee ee ee OS oe eS oe ee Phyo eR hoe OO CO Rie © e e e . e e e e . e . . . . e e e e e . . ta + al eT ee ee eT ES dae arate eet toatl at al at alate dt alate data a tata tate Tate tata ee eee ee SES SPOS eho SO? COS OMS SOM OP NoSeveyreSeo ADARGADAIAARIS SK DAGAAKRIASM EK OGADAGD OD DAM DAARARG COD E= GO OnGn Ooi = Cv Onil= 00,00 E= Ont ON OO) = = C0 = l= [= C—O Gi T= WD O61 OD Oxl= 0 001 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNN NN NNNNN NNN NNN NNN NNN Se ee pe CO een SAY St EV NO ot Sv Se i F's SSO A ene + Pie 2 Rratathativataisi atatat at atatate ka iatatal ate atatat at ats mA AmIAMal NV NV GN Ratati at atvat at atvat at WIVDLIALNO O tO OW Se OE NS ERVIN) LO OLS OD 91 ND SON Ts SMAPS MNOS y e BNO NINO ON BY SIN NC YIN NN IN INN NINE NH KH NAN HANNAN NAIVE NS NFHNNOMTHHK VNOODODFONVMNAANADAHKONMOMNHDO-UNDOM“HDNOMK HK Ore C— C= SVL INO OO BE ALN BP FLOAT FLNINO OO PW — TFO OH AMANO A iANTOWO HO C~-O- Ht OO i SS 2S 2120 Qi 2 OO 1S NUS NUNN SOO OMEN EN ENN LN) EEN LENE << CK DAKTODA SEO DAVGKMAKHDHROGHMOGHAIALNVONDINOMOM we Sc — = ee ee AN b SARL, aac Ta Sean Cad Toms ee ee eS SN EVO ON EINES NN OO OOO HONS COKE AD DOOA GA AOAM LADO HOG EME ALE AEMPOOO ON HOO AA Onen sas es ee eee Wr CNUs ees CN ee ee ——— are OO0O00 fs ee ee Oe Se Sa EO UNO ONO = OOO G8 OO o- e re ee er een ee ie ee we: Se A See) EU Ue. Gy, CU! ES Br eS O68 8. US CCR Le. © ££. 8.3 a 4 8 CODON MMMATOANNMALNMOUONOKHNEKRUOMAMEDOOOMNNGH TAGTHTEMOONO SN spe hed Ok GN re GNI Nc Se CONN sere CONG CSN [capes DNR NT CONTEC NISL NA GNU OND sem NL seen me pee Shee rm eee ees ee ee ae eee ee ee CNG E e CNY LN LN LN P= LN LA LN OD tt INO HF KH LAN O LIDIA O LAL DO O HOM OMONOMNMNODNOWMOOMMNDOW NTKMIN KH DOAMONDDK- DOMrH HAMM MMKH OOK MNOONUOAAVHNAHAKrHAHANOr Sr Oe ae Ne ee = L Sor Te ge oa ae Ne eee ee <=. ee ee ee = THKAUMAMNOMANOKAUMANOMANOKAMNTNVOFAHDOKAMNTNOMANHNOKANMATNO TTT TTT TTT TAUANNNNANN NAAM MMMM MOMMY S SSS StS 1978 Badawi, El-Gazzar, & Allam, Triticum 279 Appendix I (cont. ) Quantitative characters a 4 15 16. Team lies HON 2D Sel 22 25 24 25.26 my yP0 10,6 5.0 sap Ge 9420 5.0 625.955 27 10.0 525° 5.0 48 Semper 6.0 5.5 50: 50,035.0 5.7.5.5 27 8.014.0,5.0 72 eee. 6.5 61 50.0 1.5 7.1 5.3 28 8.0 5.5 1.5 56 Seen eos .0. 17.0 70 29.4 2.2 6.0 2.5 27 9.0 4.0 4.0 56 mee got. 0 20.0 59 50.4 2.4 7.0 5.2 28 9.0 5.0 5.0.80 eee oe. 15.0 70 51.0 2.2 7.0 3.2 29 7.0 2.0 0.5 56 THE IDENTIFICATION OF CULTIVATED PLANTS. Ill. CONFIRMATORY KEYS TO SOME WHEAT VARIETIES Afaf A. Badawi 2 A. Bl-Gazzar (2) and M.A. gneupe? INTRODUCTION In a previous article (Badawi et al, 1978) one set of identificatory keys to a sample of 52 wheat varieties from 3 species (Triticum durum Desf., T. vulgare Vill. and tT. pyramidale Delile) has been given. These keys have been based on 26 characters recorded comparatively for each of the 52 varieties from gross vegetative morphology, feat- ures of the spikes and spikelets, kernel size and pollen diameter. However, the comparative recording of these characters enables the generation of numerous alternative keys to the same group of plants. Therefore, in this article we present another set of such keys in order that one set may be used in determining unknown wheat variet- ies while the other is used in the confirmation of that determination. The same idea has also been applied successfully to species and varieties of such economically important fiber-producing genera as Gossypium (El-Gazzar et al, 1975; Sallouma et al, 1975) and Linum (El-Gazzar et al, 1976; Momtaz et al, 1976), within the framework of a comprehensive project concerning the identification of cultivated plants. Detailed descriptions of the 26 characters used as bases for the keys presented here, as well as their compa- rative scoring for each of the 52 wheat varieties represe- nted in these keys will be found in Badawi et al (1978). THE KEYS For ease of manipulation the 52 wheat varieties have been divided into 6 smaller groups and a dichotomous non- indented key has been constructed for each group separat- ely. The general policy adopted in the construction of these keys has previously been sketched (El-Gazzar, 1976). Furthermore, in order to save space in the keys, the full specific epithets have been replaced with the following (1) Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams Univ. e The Herbarium, Faculty of Science, Cairo Univ., Giza. 3) Crops Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Giza, Egypt. 280 1978 Badawi, El-Gazzar, & Allam, Wheat varieties symbols: D = Triticum durum Desf., V and P = T. pyramidale Delile. Key to groups I-VI A. Glumes brown SOBs Nav ieene here S Glumes white-yellow .. Basal node not swollen . Basal node swollen... - Sbemewlch o TMbernodes «6. << « © «i. « Suemmwcnin4 or S internodes <<. kernels~25-29 ce *o8.. (57s s “5. sien 6. Awns dark, spike erect . 2. s e‘s « « «QemG eee Awn white-yellow, spike drooping .....- Te Kernel brown, glume apex acute, pollen 48 u in diameter... ee PM2R-V Kernel amber yellow, glume apex se pollen diameter 64 u . ove 8. Stem purple, awn 6.5 cm long, flag leaf Vo=Veined st sets «ae PM2B-V Stem white, awn 9 cm “long, “flag leaf. 5O0-veined: 13-5. eo7. 6G Maes al eee PM4-V Group III (7 yaricties) Stem 64-90 cm long, terminal internode 13-14 cm long, basal internode 7-8 cm long. ae Stem 104-157 cm long, terminal internode 19-26 cm long, basal one 11-17 cm long. . . 4, 1978 Badawi, El-Gazzar, & Allam, Wheat varieties 283 a 3. Stem purple, awn toothless ........ Bajio 67-V Eiemewhate, (awn toothed © 9. 0s leis 5. & sie x Spike dense, drooping, kernel brown, awn 8.5 cm long, flag leaf 67-veined ... Duker 6-D Spike lax, erect, kernel yellow, awn 4 em long, flag leaf 52-veined 2.9. s ss Duker 9-D ees CMEbOnei) she led< Ge Us SoeWk wee PE C8 Sie Rune .5 cm: long or’more:. . « cee a ae 6. Spike oblong, terminal internode 26 em long, flag leaf 7i-veined Africa mayo composite III-V Spike fusiform, terminal internode 19 cm long, flag leaf 46-veined. .Africa mayo composite IV-V Stem purple, 157 cm long, spike oblong, awn toothed, kernel amber yellow, flag leaf 31 cm long, 55-veined, glumes 9x2 mm. Duker 4-D Stem white, 115 cm long, spike fusiforn, awn toothless, kernel amber brown, flag leaf 20 cm long, 38-veined, glumes 6x4 mm. Duker 5-D Group IV (6 varieties Kernel brown... ar atts Sts Ete) aioe Zi Kernel yellow or amber yellow SOs rte Eset cults 4, SOMMER Ns ss. «ills lje et) eh, 2 e. -ofetk Oa Ic PM11-V Spike dense .. 3 re eG eee Ds Spike oblong, curved, flag leaf 30 cm long, 50O-veined, glume apex 3 mm long. .. snova 64-V Spike fusiform, erect, flag leaf 37 cm long, 62-veined, glume apex twice as long. PM9-V Stem white, 60 cm long, terminal internode 10.5 cm long, basal 5 cm long, spike fusiform, size of 100 kernels 27 cc. mag 54-V Stem purple, 95-100 cm long, terminal internode 16 cm long, basal at least 9 cm long, spike ee size of 100 Rerneleo29\.CC is « sipis om Stem not lodging, awn "toothed, ie 5 cm ieieeeeiume. apex 7) mm Long.) mee «,«)0 «) « Giza, 150-V Stem lodging, awn toothless, twice as lone, glume apex 0.5: mm long... . . » #baladi 116-P GEOUP. i et ©) varieties) Spike dense, erect at Be ee eis al ee Gee 14gey pprke. tax, curved ... 5 a Stem purple, 155 cm long, " spike fusiform, awn toothed, glume apex 5 mm long .... Duker 3-D Stem white, 115 cm long, spike oblong, awn toothless, glume apex 2 mm long .. e e . ° e e e e ° . . e. e. e e improved mokhtar-V 28h 10. ie Te. POR YT ‘Q) GONG. TAR Group VI (13 varieties) Stem white <) FieuRs Ga Me hs js, core eiimel feeee SGcem purple “ss. "% - Stem at least 170 em long, with 6= 7 internodes, terminal 30-32 cm long, bases 25-26°em:- longo 37s. sha. Me Vol. 38, no. Stem 116-135 cm long, with 4-5 internodes, terminal 20-25 cm long, basal 11-16.5 cm TORE a a oye ae Paes et it meu tlh eae enemas FilgeatearoG5—veined i se. Peele tes sae Flag leaf 82-veined .... 72s: joie Stem lodging, awn 12 cm Ties “glume apex 7 mm Loney. . ¢4s : Stem not lodging, awn 17- 20. om long, flume apex '4=5. mm? Long . 93) <8. eos Awn toothed, kernel amber yellow, flag leaf 70-veined, pollen diameter 56u. Awn toothless, kernel brown, flag leaf 59-veined, pollen diameter 8Ou. Stem lodging, glumes 10 mm long, acute Stem not lodging, glumes 7.5-9 mm long, acuminate (except in Duker 8). Spike fusiform, stem 135 cm long, terminal internode 25 cm long, basal 16 cm long, awn 15 cm age flag leat TS-veined 1.8 Gay ee Spike oblong, stem 160 om “long, terminal internode more than 29 cm long, basal 23 cm long, awn 9 cm long, ae Leaf ,6l=veined 0 4 . Spike dense, awn 7-10 cm long, flag leaf withr6l=-63\ veins (4004 06.6 ae Spike lax, awn at least 11 cm long, flag leaf with 71 veins om more. < .o% Awn toothed, stem 137 cm long, basal internode 17.5 cm long, spike curved . Awn toothless, stem 107-115 cm long, basal internode 9-10.5 cm sa spike erect .. .« “ STG Stem with 5 internodes, flag. leaf Zee Lene eo" ° Stem with 4 internodes, flag leaf SOuCMOMONE, presen huseding 2 Sin,’ Se Spike oblong, zlume apex obtuse, StemitS9 Cm OD o os5. = wabast sae Dee Spike fusiform, glume apex acuminate, stem Al. 5—A25 ACM DORR ig gous cs gro et oar cio a Spike curved, terminal internode 27 cm long, basal 16 cm long, flag leaf 56,5 CW, LONE ys ve. sees hue ye a ekae Spike erect, terminal internode 16 cm, basal 10 em, flag leaf 26 cm long . . 4. arotha-D mindom-D ACME-D 5. seven stars-V inia 156-V 8. spelemer-D kubanka-D 9. Ti. MD _474-V 10. Giza 144-V Giza 148-V Duker 8-D Ve2's Duker 1-D Duker 2-D 1978 Badawi, El-Gazzar, & Allam, Wheat varieties 285 DISCUSSION We have endeavoured to separate the two entries of each couplet in the keys using combinations of as many correlated characters as possible in order to give maximum contrast between them, thus facilitating the users' task of deciding to which of them an unknown wheat variety belongs. Nevertheless, in case the keys constructed so far may have not made the best possible use of the char- acters recorded comparatively for the plants, the data- matrix on which they are based (Appendix I in Badawi et al, 1978) should serve as a permanent record of the plants and their characters, enabling those interested in wheat identification to generate their own keys on the basis of the same set of characters. This data-matrix has the added merit of being easily expandable in one or both directions; i.e. it can accomodate more plants, more char- acters, or both, and as such it also serves as an inform- ation storage-retrieval system in which new plants can be pigeon-holed. It can be observed from the keys that we have avoided some of the common pit-falls found in other keys. For instance, the characters or combinations of characters chosen to distinguish between the various division levels in the keys are such that each variety appears only once in these keys. One of the usual features of most keys to date is that a given taxon can be keyed out at more than one place in the same key. This is a result of diagnosing the various couplets including this taxon by characters represented by more than one state in its members. No such repetition will be found in our keys to wheat vari- ties. Furthermore, ambiguous and unqualified character definition such as 'stem long / stem short! (without any idication of how long is long or how short is short), has been eliminated entirely from our procedures. Instead, actual measurements of the various parts of the plants have been recorded, and only those with the widest poss- ible margin of difference have been used in the distinc- tion between the two alternative entries of a given couplet. REFERENCES Badawi, A.A, El-Gazzar, A. and Allam, M.A. (1978). The identification of cultivated plants. II. The genus Triticum L. Phytologia, 38: 267-279. El-Gazzar, A. (1976). The identification of cultivated plants. I. A general commentary on botanical ident- ification. Phytologia, 34: 240-244. El-Gazzar, A., Momtaz, A. and Gaafar, S. (1976). The identification of some flax introductions. Phytologia, 33: 467-473. El-Gazzar, A., Sallouma, B.M. and Abdellah, M.E. (1975). 286 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. The identification of some cotton varieties. Phyto- logia, 31: 259-263. Momtaz, A., El-Gazzar, A. and Gaafar, S. (1976). The use of anatomical properties of flax varieties in the confirmation of their identity. Phytologia, 33: 474-479. Sallouma, B.M., El-Gazzar, A. and Abdellah, M.E. (1975). The use of technological properties of cotton varieties in the confirmation of their identity. Phytologia, 31: 264-266. CERTAMEN MELASTOMATACEIS XXVII. John J. Wurdack U. S. National Herbarium, Smithsonian Institution Most of the current notes are further adjustments for the Flora of Ecuador, with some directly related Colombian problems included. Much of the data is based on studies made as a result of a 1975 trip to European herbaria subsidized by the Smithsonian Research Foundation. CONOSTEGIA CINNAMOMEA (Beurl.) Wurdack, comb. nov. Miconia cinnamomea Beurl., Svensk Vet. Handl. 131. 1854. Oxymeris cinnamomea (Beurl.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28:"94. 1871. Leandra cinnamomea (Beurl.) Cogn., Mart. Fl. Bras. 14(4): Tie L8e6. Conostegia micromeris Standl., Contr. Arn. Arb. 5: 117, pl. eto 33 Conostegia haughtii Gleason, Phytologia 2: 429. 1948. The holotype (S) and isotype (S) of Miconia cinnamomea (Billberg 271, "Porto-Bello, in montibus, April 1826") conform to recent collections of C. micromeris from Central America and northern Colombia; the holotype had been annotated by Triana, but not Cogniaux. Gleason had already noted (Phytologia 3: 359. 1950) the synonymy of C. haughtii. Beurling's name was over- looked in the melastome treatment for the Flora of Panama. Leandra consimilis Gleason, Miconia brenesii Standley, and Clidemia ombrophila Gleason vegetatively rather closely resemble C. cinnamomea. MICONIA GLANDULISTYLA Wurdack, sp. nov. Sect. Amblyarrhena. M. grandiflorae Cogn. affinis, petalis staminibusque minoribus calycis lobis oblatis tori intus cingulo non evoluto ovarii collo non evoluto differt. Ramuli obtuse quadrangulati sicut petioli laminarum subtus venae primariae inflorescentia hypanthiaque pilis stellulato- pinoideis ca. 0.2 mm longis modice caduceque puberuli; linea interpetiolaris curvata paulo evoluta. Petioli 1.5-3(-4) em longi et 4-6 mm crassi; lamina (13-)16-26(-29) X (6-B-10(-12) em oblongo-elliptica apice hebeti-obtuso basi late acuta, subcori- acea et essentialiter integra, supra glabra, subtus in venis secundariis sparse pinoideo-puberula (0.1 mm) in superficie glabra, breviter (1-1.5 cm) 5(-7)-plinervata nervis secundariis plerumque 4-5 mm inter se distantibus nervulis subtus planis areolis ca. 1 mm latis. Panicula 17-22 cm longa (pedunculo 5-6 em longo incluso) et submultiflora; flores 5-meri, pedicellis 5-8 mm longis, bracteolis 3-4 X 1-1.5 mm et ca. 2-2.5 m infra hypanthium insertis ante anthesim deciduis. Hypanthium (ad torum ) 287 288 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 4-5 mm longum obscure sparseque verruculosum intus paulo costu- latum; torus intus sparsiuscule glandulosus cingulo non evoluto; calycis tubus 0.8-1 mm altus, lobis interioribus 1.3-1.5 X 4 m oblatis caduce ciliolatis, dentibus exterioribus non eminentibus. Petala 10-11 X 10.5-11 mm suborbicularia dense pruinoso-granu- losa. Filamenta 4.5-5 mm longa dense glandulosa; antherarum thecae 3.5-3-7 X 2 X 1.7-1-.9 mm oblongae, poro 0.3-0.35 mm diam. dorsaliter inclinato; connectivum ventraliter ad basim paulo bilobulato-prolongatum glandulis prominentibus basim versus orna- tum. Stigma expansum 2-2.5 mm diam.; stylus 7-7.6 X 1-2 mm dense glanduloso-puberulus; ovarium 5-loculare et fere omnino inferum (cono 0.1-0.3 mm alto) modice glandulosum collo non evoluto. Type Collection: J. A. Steyermark 54268 (holotype F 1207905; isotype NY), collected in dense forest above Mirador, Prov. Morona-Santiago, Ecuador, elev. 2375 m, 9 Sep. 1943. "Shrub 10 ft. tall; petals white, outside rose-orchid; stamens yellow; pistil creamy white; calyx dull brownish lavender; peduncle dull brown." Paratypes (both Ecuador): Grubb, Lloyd, Pennington, & Whitmore 1124 (US), from ca. 9 km NE of Borja, Prov. Napo (2), elev. 1600 m. "Tree with open crown 7m. Fruit dull white when mature"; Camp E-732 (NY, US), from Paramo del Castillo between Sevilla de Oro and Méndez, Prov. Morona-Santiago, elev. 2700- 3300 m. "Shrub to 8m. Corolla pale purplish; anthers yellow." Miconia grandiflora has triangular calyx lobes 2-2.2 mm long, petals 15-20 mm long, a well-developed internal flange ca. 0.8 mm wide at the torus, relatively narrower anthers hau .5 X 1.2 X 1 mm, and a well-developed ovary collar ca. 1 mm long around the style base; an excellent modern match for Lehmann 3742 (isotype US) is von Sneidern 1640 (US), from La Costa, Cauca, Colombia. Also closely related is M. macrantha Triana, with slender petioles 2.5-4.5 cm long, larger petals (17-18 x 14-15 mm) and anthers (4.3 X 1.4 X 1.2 m), stigma 3.5 mm diam., and an ovary cone (including a collar 0.3 mm) ca. 1 mm long, but oblate calyx lobes 1.5 mm long and only a slight toral flange; a@ recent collection of this Antioquia rarity is Rivera, Llano, & Ruiz 726 (US), from El Chuscal on the Urrao-Caicedo road, elev. 2700 m. MICONIA BELLA Wurdack, sp. nov. Sect. Amblyarrhena. M. glandulistylae Wurdack affinis, foliorum laminis vix plinervatis, calycis lobis longioribus, antherarum thecis proportione angustis, stigmate ampliore, ovarii cono et glandulis coroniferis longioribus. Ramuli robusti quadrangulati sicut petioli laminarum subtus venae primariae inflorescentia hypanthiaque pilis pinoideis 0.1- 0.2 mm longis plus minusve persistentibus densiuscule puberuli; linea interpetiolaris obscure evoluta. Petioli 1.5-3 cm longi et ca. 2.5-3 mm crassi; lamina (8-)14-20 xX (4-)9-12 cm oblongo- elliptica apice hebeti-obtuso vel rotundato basi obtusa, sub- rigida et integra, eciliata, ubique in superficie primum sparse pilis pinoideo-stellulatis ca. O.1 mm latis longisque puberula 1978 Wurdack, Certamen Melastomataceis 289 glabrata, 5-nervata vel breviter (ad 0.5 em) pseudoplinervata nervis secundariis ca. 5 mm inter se distantibus nervulis subtus planis areolis ca. 1-1.5 mm latis. Panicula 17-30 cm longa (pedunculo 5-10 em longo incluso) multiflora; flores 5-meri, pedicellis 4-8 mm longis robustis, bracteolis ca. 3 X 1-1.5 m mox deciduis circum pedicellorum bases insertis. Hypanthium 5.5-6.3 mm longum intus paulo costulatum; calycis tubus 1-1.5 mm longus, lobis interioribus 2 X 3.5-4.5 mm oblatis ubique basim versus pilis vix asperis ca. 0.1 mm longis modice strigulosis, dentibus exterioribus crassis inframarginalibus; torus intus sparsiuscule glandulosus, cingulo non evoluto. Petala (7-)8-9 x 9-10 mm suborbiculari-obovata dense granulosa. Stamina isomorph- ica; filamenta 4-5 mm longa dense glandulosa (0.1 mm); antherarum thecae 3.3-3.7 X 1.1-1.3 X 1.2-1.4 mm oblongae, poro 0.3-0.4 m diam. dorsaliter inclinato; connectivum ad basim glandulosum dorsaliter non appendiculatum ventraliter O.4-0.5 mm crassum cum theecis bilobulato-coalitum. Stigma expansum 3.2-3.5 mm diam.; stylus 8-9 X 1-1.8 mm dense glandulosus in ovarii collo ca. 0.3 mm immersus; ovarium 5-loculare et ca. 3/4 inferum, cono ca. 0.5-1 mm alto collo setulis glanduliferis 0.2-0.3 mm longis dense coronato. Type Collection: H. Garcfa-Barriga aliss 272) (holotype US 2596508), collected on the Fusagasuga road road between Aguaclara and La Aguadita, Depto. Cundinamarca, Colombia, elev. 2300 n, 6-8 Oct. 1958. "Arbol 15 m, erecto y bien wramificado; hojas verde claro por el haz, azulado por el enves; ealiz, pedicelos y frutos ferrugineos; corola blanca; estambres amarillos." Paratypes (both Cundinamarca, Colombia) ; Garcfa-Barriga 17207 (US), from Villeta-Utica road, alt. 800- 540 m, 15 Nov. 1959. "Arbol 4 m, muy ramificado. Pétalos blancos, rojo violaceos en la base; estilo blanco; anteras amarillas"; Uribe 3512 (US), from cleared areas on Fusagasuga road between San Miguel and La Aguadita, elev. ca. 2200 m. _ Arbolito de 5 metros de altura. Hojas purpurascentes en el enves. Flores con pétalos blanecos y estambres amarillos. No es planta comun. Miconia glandulistyla has thicker petioles, definitely pli- nerved leaf blades, calyx lobes only 1.3-1.5 mm long, anther thecae 2 mm thick, stigma 2-2.5 mm diam., and ovary cone only 0.1-0.3 mm high crowned with glands only 0.05 mm long. Miconia grandiflora Cogn. has more formless pubescence, a well-developed toral flange within, larger corolla and anthers, and very short ovary cone hairs. Miconia majalis Cogn. has thinner sparser pubescence, denticulate leaf blades, shorter calyx lobes, and a longer (ca. 2.5 mum) ovary cone with glands only 0.05 mm long. MICONIA CODONOSTIGMA Gleason & Wurdack, sp. nov. Sect. Amblyarrhena. M. bellae Wurdack affinis, trichomati- bus maioribus foliis subtus pilis stipitato-stellatis indutis floribus maioribus tori intus cingulo evoluto differt. Ramuli robusti teretes, sicut petioli laminarum subtus venae primariae et secundariae inflorescentiaque dense pilis pinoideis 0.2-0.3 mm longis plus minusve caducis dense puberuli; linea 290 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. interpetiolaris obscure evoluta. Petioli 2-4 cm longi; lamina 11-19.5 X 6-10.5 em elliptica apice hebeti-acuto basi obtusa, rigida et integra, supra glabra, subtus in superficie modice pilis stipitato-stellatis (stipite 0.1-0.3 mm longo) ca. 0.3- 0.4 mm diam. obsita, breviter (ca. 0.5 em) 5-pseudoplinervata nervis secundariis plerumque 3-5 mm inter se distantibus nervulis subtus planis areolis O.7-1 mm latis. Panicula ca. 20 ecm longa submultiflora; flores 5-meri, pedicellis 5-10 mm longis robustis, bracteolis ante anthesim caducis non visis. Hypanthium (ad torum) 6.5-7 mm longum intus obscure costulatum extus modice pilis stellulato-pinoideis ca. 0.1 m longis indutum; calycis tubus 1.5 mm longus, lobis interioribus 4.5-5 X 6.5-7 mm sub- rotundatis, dentibus exterioribus crassis inframarginalibus; tori intus cingulum ca. 1 mm modice glanduloso-ciliolatum (0.1 mm) evolutum. Petala 18-20 X 13-15 mm oblongo-obovata dense pruinoso-granulosa. Stamina essentialiter isomorphica; filamenta 7.5-7.6 mm longa sparsiuscule glandulosa (0.05-0.1 mn); antherarum thecae 5.8-6.1 X 1.8-2 X 1.6-1.7 mm oblongae vix rostratae, poro 0.3-0.35 mm diam. dorsaliter inclinato; connect- ivum ad basim simplex dorsaliter glandulis sparse obsitum. Stigma infundibuliforme 4.5-5 mm diam.; stylus 0.5 X 1.7-2.5 mm densiuscule glanduloso-puberulus (0.1-0.3 mm) in ovarii cono ca. O.4 mm immersus; ovarium 5-loculare et ca. 2/3 inferum, cono ca. 1.5 mm alto manifeste costulato modice glanduloso-puberulo (0.1- 0.2 mm). Type Collection: J. Cuatrecasas 22468 (holotype NY; iso- type US), collected above Alto de Mira (between Tabor and Carrizales), Cordillera Occidental, Depto. El Valle, Colombia, elev. 2100-2350 m, 23 Oct. 1946. "Arbol 12 m, tallo 20 em diam.; corteza gris o gris-ocraceo claro, seccion blanca que se torna rosada. Madera dura rosada con centro grisaceo. Hoja coriacea verde oscura brillante haz, verde ocracea o ferruginosa verdosa envés. Pétalos blancos 0 blanco rosados. Anteras amarillas claras. Estigma en forma de embudo blanco." Miconia bella has smaller trichomes, sepals, petals, and stamens, and lacks a toral corona. Miconia grandiflora Cogn. has arachnoid-pinoid pubescence and smaller sepals, stamens, and stigma, as well as densely glandular-puberulent filaments. H. A. Gleason had done dissections and made preliminary notes on the general affinities of M. codonostigma, as well as suggest- ing the epithet here used. MICONIA HADROPHYLLA Wurdack, sp. nov. Sect. Amblyarrhena. M. grandiflorae Cogn. affinis, floribus paulo minoribus, tori cingulo vix evoluto, antherarum maiorum connectivis dorsaliter ad basim dente hebeti armatis differt. Ramuli obtuse sulcato-quadrangulati sicut petioli laminarum subtus venae primariae inflorescentia hypanthiaque indumento arachnoideo-pinoideo appresso deciduo plus minusve denso obsiti; linea interpetiolaris non evoluta. Petioli 3-6 cm longi, 2.5-3 mm crassi; lamina 15-29 X 11-16 cm, oblongo-ovata apice breviter (ca. 1 cm) subabrupteque hebeti-acuminato basi O.4-1 cm cordata, 1978 Wurdack, Certamen Melastomataceis 291 firme membranacea et subtiliter calloso-denticulata, supra glabra, subtus in venis secundariis sparsiuscule caduceque arachnoideo-squamosa in superficie glabra, {-nervata nervis secundariis plerumque 5-7 mm inter se distantibus nervulis subtus planis areolis ca. 1-1.5 mm latis. Panicula 15-24 em longa mul- tiflora; flores 5-meri, pedicellis 2-3 mm longis crassis, bracteolis 2.5-3.3 X 1.2 mm usque ad anthesim persistentibus. Hypanthium (ad torum) 4-5 mm longum intus paulo costulatum; tori intus cingulum paullulo evolutum ca. 0.1-0.2 mm latum modice glandulosum; calycis tubus 0.7-1 mm longus, lobis interioribus 1.2-1.6 X 3 mm oblatis caduce ciliolatis, dentibus exterioribus erassis lobos interiores aequantibus. Petala 8-11(-14) x 8-10 (-12) mm obovato-suborbicularia dense pruinoso-granulosa. Stamina paullulo dimorphica; filamenta 4-6 mm longa dense glandu- losa; antherarum thecae 3.2-4 X 1.4-1.6 X 1.1-1.2 mm oblongae poro 0.2 mm diam. dorsaliter inclinato; connectivum ad basim sparse glandulosum ventraliter 0.2-0.4 mm crassum ad thecas coalitum dorsaliter dente hebeti descendenti 0.6-0.7 X 0.9-1 mm vel 0.1-0.3 X 0.5-0.6 mm armatum. Stigma expansum 1.4-1.6 mm diam.; stylus 8-11 X 0.6-1 mm dense glandulosus in ovarii cono 0.2 mm immersus; ovarium 5-loculare et 2/3 inferum cono costato 1-1.2 mm alto sparsiuscule glanduloso. Type Collection: H. Garcfa-Barriga, J. G. Hawkes, & M. Villareal 12946 (holotype US 1987014), collected on the western slope of Rio Munchique, Cordillera Occidental, Depto. Cauca, Colombia, elev. 2400 m, 23 July 1948. "Arbol 4 m; corola rosada." Paratypes (all Cauca, Colombia): Lehmann 5475 (K), from dense forest on upper western slopes of Andes of Popayan, elev. 2000-2500 m. "Tree or shrub 5-7 m. Flowers in June, white, turning lilac"; Killip 7969 (US), from La Galera, Micay valley, elev. 2000-2200 m. "Tree. Petals red"; von Sneidern 753 (US), from La Costa near El Tambo, elev. 1000 m; Plowman & Vaughan 5313 (US), from between El Tambo and 20 de Julio, elev. 2100- 2300 m. "Tree 4 m with spreading branches, on steep slopes in cloud forest. Petals white, turning pink.” Miconia grandiflora has entire 5-nerved leaf blades merely obtuse at the base, ca. 1/4 larger flowers, a distinct flange ca. 0.8 mm wide at the torus within, relatively somewhat narrower anthers without a dorsal connective tooth, stigma ca. 3.5 mm diam., and ovary collar 1 m long around the style base. More distantly related are M. majalis Cogn., M. floribunda (Bonpl.) DC., and the two Ecuadorian species here described. Miconia macrantha Triana has shortly plinerved (but denticulate) leaf blades broadly acute to obtuse at the base, larger flowers (petals 17-18 X 14-15 mm; stigma 3.5 mm diam.), and longer rela- tively narrower anthers without a dorsal connective tooth. ‘The collections of M. hadrophylla had all previously been identified as M. grandiflora or M. majalis. MICONIA PROMINENS Wurdack, sp. nov. Sect. Amblyarrhena. M. majali Cogn. affinis, foliorum 292 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. laminis ad basim rotundatis supra ad basim tuberculo armatis, hypanthio sicut stigmate ovarii cono minore differt. Ramuli obtuse sulcato-quadrangulati sicut petioli laminarum subtus venae primariae inflorescentia hypanthiaque sparsiuscule caduceque pilis clavatis obscure asperis ca. 0.1 mm longis armati; linea interpetiolaris arcuata evoluta. Petioli 3-4.5 cm longi; lamina 19-23 X 11-12 cm elliptica apice hebeti-acuto basi rotundato-obtusa et supra tubereculo 2-3 X 1.5 mm armata, firme membranacea et integra, eciliata, supra glabra, subtus in venis secundariis sparse pilis clavatis minutis puberula in superficie glabra, 5-nervata nervis secundariis ca. 5 mm inter se distanti- bus nervulis subtus planis areolis ca. 0.7 m latis. Panicula 23-26 em longa (pedunculo 7 ecm longo incluso) submultiflora; flores 5-meri, pedicellis 4-6 mm longis, bracteolis 2.5-3 X O.7-l mm ca. 1-2 mm infra hypanthium insertis ante anthesim deciduis. Hypanthium (ad torum) 4 mm longum extus sparse verru- culosum intus paulo (0.1 mm) costulatum; calycis tubus 1 mm longus, lobis interioribus 1-1.5 X 4 m oblatis caduce cilio- latis, dentibus exterioribus non eminentibus; toris intus cingu- lum ca. O.3 mm latum modice glanduloso-ciliolatum armatum. Petala 9.5-11 X 11-12 mm suborbicularia dense pruinoso-granulosa. Filamenta 4.5-5 mm longa dense glandulosa (0.1 mm); antherarum thecae 4.3 X 1.8-2 X 1.6-1.7 mm oblongae, poro 0.4 mm diam. dorsaliter inclinato; connectivum ventraliter ad basim paulo bilobulato-prolongatum glandulis prominentibus basim versus ornatum. Stigma expansum 3 mm diam.; stylus 8.5 X 1.5-2 mm dense glanduloso-puberulus in ovarii collo 0.6 mm inmersus; ovarium 5-loculare et 2/3 inferum, cono (collo incluso) ca. 1 m alto ad apicem modice stellulato-puberulo et sparse glanduloso. Type Collection: W. H. Camp E-791 (holotype NY; isotype US), collected between Hda. Chontal and Sta. Elena on trail between Sevilla de Oro and Méndez, Prov. Morona-Santiago, Ecuador, elev. 1000-1400 m, 1 Nov. 1944. "Tree 6m. Corolla white to pale lavender; filaments red; anthers yellow.” Miconia majalis has the leaf blades narrowly decurrent for ca. 2 cm on the petioles and without a basal tubercle, hypanthia (dry) ca. 6 mm long (rather than 4 mm), stigma (dry) ca. 3 mm diam. (rather than 2 mm) , and ovary cone (including a collar 1-1.5 m long) ca. 2 mm long (rather than 1 mm). Both species have the leaf veins and venules beneath with clavate (and very obscurely roughened) hairs ca. 0.1 mm long, thus differing from M. glandulistyla Wurdack and its allies (with definitely pinoid hairs). Miconia glandulistyla also differs in the usually shorter and more robust petioles, definitely pli- nerved and relatively narrower leaf blades, somewhat smaller anthers and stigma, and ovary apex without a collar. MICONIA SODIROI Wurdack, sp. nov. Sect. Amblyarrhena. M. neurotrichae Cogn. distanter affinis, ramis alato-quadrangulatis foliis maioribus floribus paulo maioribus differt. Ramuli alato-tetragoni (alis 1-2 mm altis in nodis arcuate 1978 Wurdack, Certamen Melastomataceis 293 coalitis) sicut folia novella inflorescentia hypanthiaque pube arachnoidea mox decidua induti. Petioli 2-4 em longi sicut laminarum subtus venae primariae modice setulosi pilis laevibus 0.2-0.4 mm longis; lamina 20-35 X 7-14 em oblongo-elliptica apice breviter (ca. 1 em) gradatimque hebeti-acuminato basi late obtusa, firme membranacea et obscure crenulata, distanter caduce- que appresso-ciliolata, supra ad maturitatem glabra, subtus in venis secundariis tertiariisque sparse setulosa (pilis gracili- bus laevibus usque ad 0.6 mm longis) in superficie glabra, 5- nervata vel paulo (usque ad 0.5 em) pseudoplinervata nervis secundariis ca. 3-5 mm inter se distantibus nervulis subtus laxe reticulatis areolis 1-2 mm latis. Panicula 13-27 cm longa sub- multiflora, axe sicut ramis argute quadrangulato; flores 5-meri, pedicellis ca. 5 mm longis ad hypanthii basim articulatis, bracteolis caducis non visis. Hypanthium (ad torum) 3.9 mm lon- gum intus ecostatum; calycis tubus 0.4 mm longus, lobis interi- oribus 0.5 mm longis oblatis minutissime ciliolatis, dentibus exterioribus lobos interiores aequantibus; torus intus glaber. Petala 6-6.5 X 3.5-4 mm obovato-oblonga dense pruinoso-granulosa. Filamenta 3-3.2 mm longa glabra; antherarum thecae 3.8-4 X 0.8 X 0.7 mm oblongae, poro 0.2 mm diam. dorsaliter inclinato, connec- tivo glabro non appendiculato. Stigma non expansum 0.3 mm diam.; stylus 10 X 0.4-0.5 mm dense pilis flexuosis caduce glanduliferis 0.1-0.2 mm longis indutus in ovarii apicem 0.1-0.3 mm immersus; ovarium 5-loculare et 1/3 inferum, apice conico ca. 1.5-1.8 mm alto hebeti-costato glabro. Type Collection: A. Sodiro Add. 2 (holotype BR; isotype P), collected "in silv. subtrop. vall. Nanegal," Prov. Pichincha, Ecuador, July 1902. The isotype (or syntype ?; Triana lumped his collections 6258.60 from "Pasto", elev. 1800 m, and 6258.61 from "Popayan," elev. 2300 m, under No. 4020) of M. neurotricha (US) shows rotund-quadrangular branchlets without an interpetiolar flap, leaf blades only up to 15 X 5 cm, petals 5 X 3-3.2 mm, anther thecae 3.5 mm long, and filaments sparsely but definitely gland- ular-puberulous. The only Ecuadorian species of Miconia Sect. Amblyarrhena which at all resembles M. sodiroi in floral fea- tures, M. poortmannii (Cogn. ) Wurdack, differs in some floral details and greatly vegetatively. The several Peruvian species with 4-alate branchlets do not closely resemble M. sodiroi in floral morphology. MICONIA ASPERRIMA Triana Miconia pennellii Gleason, Bull. Torrey Club 52: 448. 1925. The only difference between the types is a disparity in flower size (M. asperrima, Triana 4092, BM: hypanthium 4 m long; calyx lobes 2 mm long; petals 4-4 ,2 X 3-3.2 mm; anthers 2.1-2.4 mm long; stigma 1.4 mm diam. M. pennellii, Killip 7951, US: hypanthium 2.7 mm long; calyx lobes 1.3-1.5 mm long; petals 2.7-2.9 X 2.5-2.9 mm; anthers 1.6-1.7 mm long; stigma 1 m diam.). A somewhat distinctive node from typical M. asperrima has sparser vegetative pubescence, but approximately the floral 29h PRY" 0 iO Gere’ Vol. 38, no. dimensions of the Triana type; this facies ranges from the Eastern Cordillera in southern Colombia (Huila: Fosberg 19970. Huila-Cauca boundary: Fosberg 19943. Huila-Caqueta boundary: Cuatrecasas 8421 and 8794A. Caqueta: Mason 13946) to Ecuador (Morona-Santiago: Steyermark 54500 and 54610). ‘The extreme in vegetative pubescence attenuation (but with petals 3.2-4 mm long and anthers 2-2.2 mm long), the leaves above almost glabrous and beneath with very minute hairs restricted to the principal veins, has been collected in the Cordillera Condor, Morona-Santiago, Ecuador (MacBryde 959). Another Ecuadorian deviant, with floral dimensions generally as in Killip [951 but the leaves above very shortly and evenly bullulate-setulose and beneath very sparsely setulose and the hypanthia very sparsely strigulose, is known from the Cordillera Cutucu, Morona-Santiago (Madison, Bush, & Davis 3535 and 3550). A final Ecuadorian variant, florally like the Cutucu population but with leaf pubescence above much finer and somewhat dimorphic in size and more densely strigulose hypanthia, is restricted to the Eastern Cordillera in Morona- Santiago (Sparre 18726; Steyermark 53533 and 53558). Generally like this last Ecuadorian population, but with leaves beneath moderately setulose, is material from the Cordillera Occidental, - Valle, Colombia (Lopez-Figueiras 8383). Probably also to be associated in this complex (the material fruiting or in young bud only), with the fine-strigulose upper leaf surfaces of the two just-mentioned nodes but with retrorse-setulose branchlets, petioles, and hypanthia, is still another Morona-Santiago popu- lation from near El Pan (Acosta-Solis 5022, 5023, 5051). Except for the ultimately-noted collections, the M. asperrima complex can be characterized by the appressed smooth vegetative and hypanthial hairs, the relatively long calyx tube (0.8-1 mn), and the glandular-puberulous filaments and style. While M. scabra Cogn. was associated in the melastome monograph with M. asperrima, the Chimborazo species seems better placed near M. obscura (Bonpl.) Naud. MICONIA CAESARIATA Wurdack, sp. nov. Sect. Amblyarrhena. M. lasiocalyce Cogn. affinis, ramulorum trichomatibus longioribus floribus maioribus differt. Ramuli primum obscure quadrangulati demum teretes sicut petioli laminarum subtus venae primariae inflorescentia hypan- thiaque pilis ca. (1.5-)2 mm longis laevibus gracilibus dense setosi. Petioli 2-4(-6) cm longi; lamina 7-14 X 3.5-5.5(-9) cm ovato-elliptica apice gradatim hebeti-acuminato basi late acuta vel obtusa, firme membranacea et minute ciliolato-serrulata, supra sparsiuscule setosa pilis gracilibus 1-1.5 mm longis ad basim paulo expansis, subtus sparsiuscule vel modice setosa pilis laxis gracillimis 1-1.5 mm longis, breviter (usque ad 1.5 cm) 5-plinervata nervis secundariis plerumque 3-4 mm inter se distantibus nervulis subtus planis areolis ca. 0.3-0.5 mm latis. Panicula 7-9 em longa submultiflora; flores 5-meri plerumque obscure -(ca. 1 mm) pedicellati, bracteolis 2-3 X 1-2 mm navicu- laribus ante anthesim deciduis. Hypanthium (ad torum) 3.6-4 m 1978 Wurdack, Certamen Melastomataceis 295 longum; calycis tubus 0.5 mm longus, lobis interioribus 1.3-1.7 X 2-2.2 mm, dentibus exterioribus inframarginalibus. Petala 3.6-4 X 3.6-4 mm obovato-suborbicularia obscure granulosa. Filamenta 4-4.3 mm longa modice glanduloso-puberula; antherarum thecae 2.8-3 X 1.1-1.2 X 1 m oblongae, poro 0.15-0.25 mm diam. paulo dorsaliter inclinato. Stigma expansum 1.3-1.5 mm diam.; stylus 5 X O.7-1 mm densiuscule glanduloso-puberulus; ovarium (4-)5-loculare et 3/4 inferum, colli apice modice setuloso (0.3- On. mm). Type Collection: J. A. Steyermark 53573 (holotype F1207906; isotypes NY, US), collected in moist forest along Rfo Tintas at Arenillas 10 leagues southeast of El Pan, Prov. Morona- Santiago, Ecuador, elev. 2195 m, 13 July 1943. "Shrub 5-8 ft. tall; hairs on petioles and peduncles deep rose; calyx buff- cream color with rose-red; petals white; anthers brick red; filaments pale pink-brick.” Paratypes (both Morona-Santiago, Ecuador): Acosta-Solis 446 (F), from between La Esperanza and Santa Ana, Huamboya, elev. 1500-2000 m. "Pequefio arbol de ramas bellosas cafés"; Harling & Andersson 12702 (GB, US), from 16-18 km from Limon on Limon (General Plaza)-Gualaceo road, elev. 1900-2000 m. "Shrub ca. 2m. Corolla white." Miconia lasiocalyx has cauline pubescence only ca. 0.5 mm long, hypanthia 2.6-3 mm long, petals 2-2.5 mm long and wide, and anther thecae mostly 2-2.2 X 0.6 mm. Miconia ruizii Naud. has smaller flowers with less expanded stigmas. MICONIA AGGREGATA Gleason subsp. AUSTRALIS Wurdack, subsp. nov. Foliorum laminis subcoriaceis ellipticis vel paulo ovato- ellipticis apice hebeti-acuto supra pilis 1.5-2 mm longis strigo- sis bullis non vel obscure evolutis differt. Type Collection: J. J. Wurdack 1629 (holotype US 2404326; isotype USM; 5 additional isotypes to be distributed), collected in moist scrub forest on south side of Molinopampa-Diosan pass, Prov. Chachapoyas, Depto. Amazonas, Peru, elev. 2700-3100 n, 8 Aug. 1962. "Shrub 2-4 m, occasional. Flowers white." Paratypes (both Prov. Azuay, Ecuador, along construction road Sigsig-Gualaquiza): Harling, Storm, & Strom 8243 (GB, US), from 1 km below Molon, elev. 2800-3000 m; Harling, Storm, & Strom 8286 (GB), from Rfo Altarurcu ca. 20 km east of Sigsig, elev. 2800 m. As now interpreted, the typical subspecies of M. aggregata has firm-membranaceous leaf blades which are ovate and gradually long-acuminate and with the slender upper surface hairs ca. 1 mm long and on distinct bullae; the range includes Antioquia, Cundinamarca, and Huila in Colombia (Cauca material-Espinal 3203, Haught 5247, von Sneidern 444 and 2433- currently referred here being distinct) and Napo in Ecuador. The ovary apex in the type collection of M. aggregata is caducously setulose, rather than glabrous as originally described. Certainly M. ruizii Naud. is very closely related to M. aggregata, differing in the longer ealyx lobes (1-1.1 mm ) , slightly dorsal anther pore, and less 296 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. expanded stigma (ca. 0.7 mm diam.). ‘The only recent materials of M. ruizii which seem comparable to the holotype (P) are Buchtien 5504 (US) and 5505 (US), from Hacienda Simaco above the trail to Tipuani, Bolivia, elev. 1400 m. Miconia inamoena Pilger is also only a minor permutation from M. aggregata and M. ruizii, differing from the former in leaf shape, from the latter in the sparser upper leaf surface pubescence and shorter calyx lobes, and from both in the moderately glandular-puberulous stamen filaments. MICONIA CALIGNOSA Wurdack, sp. nov. Sect. Amblyarrhena. M. polytopicae Wurdack affinis, folio- rum supra trichomatibus crassioribus stigma plus expanso ovario 5-loculari differt. Ramuli primum obscure rotundato-quadrangulati mox teretes sicut petioli laminarum subtus venae primariae inflorescentia hypanthiaque dense strigosi pilis laevibus ca. 1-1.5 mm longis. Petioli 0.6-1 cm longi; lamina 4-9 X 2-4.5 cm anguste ovata apice hebeti-acuto basi late obtusa, rigida et obscure serru- lata, robuste incurvo-ciliata, supra modice strigulosa pilis robustis 0.2-1.3 mm longis ad basim paullo expansis, subtus dense appresso-setulosa, obscure (usque ad 0.4 om) 5-plinervata nervis secundariis ca. 2 mm inter se distantibus nervulis subtus planis areolis ca. 0.3 m latis. Panicula 5-6 cm longa sub- multiflora; flores 5-meri sessiles, bracteolis ca. 1.3 X 0.3 mm persistentibus; hypanthium 2 mm longum; calycis tubus 0.2 mm longus, lobis interioribus 1 mm longis rotundatis, dentibus exterioribus inframarginalibus. Petala 1.7 X 1.2 mm oblongo- obovata obscure granulosa. Filamenta modice glanduloso-puberu- la; antherarum thecae 2 X 0.6 X 0.5 mm oblongae, poro 0.15 mm diam. paulo dorsaliter inclinato. Stigma expansum 0.75 mm diam.; stylus 4.5 X 0.35-0.4 mm modice eglanduloso-puberulus in ovarii apicem O.2 mm immersus; ovarium 5-loculare et 2/3 inferum, cono modice setuloso (0.3 mm). Type Collection: Benkt Sparre 18730 (holotype S), collected in cloud forest at Km 39-41 of Cuenca-General Plaza (Limon) road, Prov. Morona-Santiago, rere elev. ca. 2300 m, 19 Sep. 1967. Paratype: Sparre 18752 (S), from subparamo at Km 25 of Cuenca-General Plaza road east of pass to Azuay, Prov. Morona- Santiago, Ecuador, elev. ca. 3200 m, 19 Sep. 1967. The general aspect of M. calignosa is very similar to that of M. polytopica subsp. huanucensis Wurdack; however, all the subspecies of M. polytopica have fine upper leaf surface hairs (ca. 0.07-0.1 mm diam.), less expanded stigmas (ca. 0.4-0.5 mm dry), anthers 1.5-1.6 mm long (dry), and 3-4-celled ovaries. Miconia pailasana Wurdack, the closest Ecuadorian relative of M. calignosa, has much finer pubescence on the upper leaf surfaces and much sparser and shorter hairs on the lower sur- faces, smaller anthers (ca. 1.5 mm long dry) and stigma (0.5 mm diam. dry), and a 3(-4)-celled ovary. Miconia capitellata Cogn. differs in the divaricate and somewhat retrorse cauline pubescence, larger leaves and flowers, and ventrally inclined 1978 Wurdack, Certamen Melastomataceis 297 anther pore. The floral dimensions given in the description of M. calignosa are from a dry flower. MICONIA AEQUATORIALIS Wurdack, sp. nov. Sect. Amblyarrhena. M. bipatriali Wurdack affinis, bracteo- lis hypanthiis calycis lobis stigmateque minoribus antherarum filamentis glabris differt. Ramul: primum obscure rotundato-quadrangulati mox teretes sicut petioli inflorescentia hypanthiaque modice pilis laevibus laxis 0O.5-1 mm longis setulosi et sicut petioli laminarum subtus venae primariae modice (inflorescentia hypanthiaque sparse) pilis Pinoideis ca. O.1 mm longis puberuli. Petioli 1-2 cm longi; lamina (5-)7-13 X (2-)3-5 cm oblongo-elliptica apice gradatim hebeti-acuminato basi late acuta vel anguste obtusa, subrigida et essentialiter integra, incurvo-ciliolata, supra aspero-bullu- lata et modice setulosa (pilis ca. 0.3 mm longis), subtus modice vel sparsiuscule setulosa pilis laevibus ca. 0.3-0.5 mm longis, S-nervata (pari tenui marginali neglecto) nervis secundariis 1.5-2 mm inter se distantibus nervulis subtus planis areolis ca. 0.3 mm latis. Panicula 5-7 cm longa submultiflora; flores 5- meri, pedicellis obscuris O0.3-0.5 mm longis, bracteolis ca. 0.5 mm longis persistentibus. Hypanthium (ad torum) 2 mm longum; calycis tubus 0.1 mm longus, lobis interioribus 0.5 mm longis ovato-oblongis hebetibus, dentibus exterioribus minutis infra- marginalibus. Petala subrosea (7), 1.6-1.8 X 1.3-1.6 m oblongo- obovata obscure granulosa. Stamina isomorphica glabra; filamenta 1.6-1.7 mm longa; antherarum thecae 1.7-1.8 X 0.4 X 0.35 m oblongae exappendiculatae, poro O.1 mm diam. ventraliter incli- nato. Stigma expansum 0.7 mm diam.; stylus 4 X 0.4-0.5 mm sparse puberulus in ovarii cono O.1-0.2 mm immersus; ovarium 5- loculare et ca. 2/3 inferum coni ae 0.1-0.2 mm setuloso. Type Collection: Benkt Sparre 1 8736 (holotype S), from cloud forest at Km 39-41 of | of Cuenca-General Plaza (anon) road, Prov. Morona-Santiago, Ecuador, elev. ca. 2300 m, 19 Sep 1967. Paratype: Little, Ortega, Samaniego, & Vivar 677 (US), near-topotypical, elev. 2100 m, 12 Oct. 1975. — "Arbol de 12 m, 15 cm diam. Bosque montano alto, lat. 2° 58' S, 78° 36° w." The suggested relative has greater peyelommnant of underlying pinoid hairs, bracteoles 1-2 mm long, hypanthia 2.5-3.2 mm long, calyx lobes 1.6-1.8 mm long, filaments sparsely glandular- puberulous, stigma 1-1.3 mm wide, and style densely glandular- puberulous. Miconia aequatorialis resembles the Peruvian sub- species of M. bipatrialis in the pubescence of the upper leaf surfaces. Miconia clivorum Wurdack differs in the relatively broader leaf blades with longer setulae above, longer pedicels, and merely stellulate-furfuraceous ovary with a long stylar collar. MICONIA NAMANDENSIS Wurdack, sp. nov. Sect. Amblyarrhena. M. bipatriali Wurdack et M. aequatoriali Wurdack affinis, foliis minoribus differt. Ramuli primum rotundato-quadrangulati demum teretes sicut 298 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. petioli laminarum subtus venae primariae inflorescentiaque sparse vel sparsSissime pilis laevibus 0.3-0.5 mm longis setulosi et pilis pinoideis 0.1-0.3 mm longis dense puberuli. Petioli 0.7-1.2 cm longi; lamina 3-6 X 1.8-3.3 cm elliptico-ovata apice hebeti-acuto basi rotundato-obtusa, coriacea et obscure undulato- serrulata, crasse ciliolata, supra subbullata et sparsiuscule setulis 0.2-0.3 mm longis aspera, subtus modice setulosa pilis laevibus ca. 0.3-0.5 mm longis, 5-nervata venis secundariis ca. 1.5 mm inter se distantibus nervulis subtus planis areolis ca. 0.3 mm latis. Panicula 3-5 cm longa submultiflora; flores 5- meri, pedicellis plerumque 1-2 mm longis, bracteolis 0.5-0.7 X 0.2 mm subpersistentibus ca. O.3 mm infra hypanthium insertis. Hypanthium (ad torum) 2 mm longum densiuscule pilis laevibus ca. 0.3 mm longis setulosum pilis pinoideis O.1 mm longis sparsiuscule intermixtis; torus intus glaber; calycis tubus 0.1 mm longus, lobis interioribus ca. 1. X 1.5 mm subrotundatis, dentibus exterioribus inframarginalibus. Petala 2 X 1.8-2 m obovato-suborbicularia obscure pruinoso-granulosa. Stamina isomorphica; filamenta 1.8-1.9 mm longa modice glanduloso- puberula; antherarum thecae 1.7 X 0.5 X O.4 mm oblongae ex- appendiculatae, poro O.1 mm diam. ventraliter inclinato. Stigma expansum 1 mm diam.; stylus 3 X 0.6 mm modice glanduloso- puberulus in ovarii collo O.2 mm immersus; ovarium 5-loculare et ca. 2/3 inferum, collo setuloso 0.1-0. ee mm. Type Collection: Reinaldo Espinosa E-l077 (holotype NY), from Namanda south of Loja, Prov. Loja, Ecuador, elev. 1500- 1600 m, 24 Nov. 1946. "Arbusto copioso. Hojas ovales-agudas, las tiernas con tinta violeta. Florecitas blanquecinas."” Both suggested relatives have much larger leaves; M. bipatrialis has larger bracteoles, essentially sessile flowers, longer hypanthia, and somewhat larger anthers, while M. aequatorialis has less development of pinoid hairs, smaller calyx lobes, and glabrous filaments. Espinosa 10/7 had been filed as M. crassifolia Triana; that north Peruvian species, however, is distantly related, having leaf blades esetulose above, larger flowers, external calyx teeth equalling or slightly exceeding the internal lobes, and the torus within densely fimbriate-setulose. A species perhaps related to M. namandensis is represented by Harling, Storm, & Strom 8133 GB, fruiting only), from between Sigsig and Gualaquiza, Morona- Santiago, differing however in the sparser stellulate pubescence, more developed simple inflorescence hairs, leaf blades nearly glabrous beneath, and (probably) larger flowers. MICONIA ASPERGILLARIS (Bonpl.) Naud. Miconia aspergillaris and its relatives in Sect. Amblyarrhena are a cloudy alliance, with surely much hybridiza- tion. The apparent holotype of var. gracilis Naud., best match- ed in recent collections at US by Rose, Pachano, & Rose 22871 (vicinity of Cuenca), is a Jameson collection without ut number sent to Paris by Hooker (and apparently not the same gathering as Jameson 258 from Pichincha); the presumed holotype was not 1978 Wurdack, Certamen Melastomataceis 299 annotated with the varietal name by Naudin but agrees with the Naudin description and is the only specimen found at Paris that does conform in collection data and morphology. However, in the variational gamut seen in the numerous collections now ascribed to M. aspergillaris, the variety does not seem worthy of recognition. Miconia mutisella Gleason does not seem specifically distinct from M. aspergillaris, but infraspecific recognition as a reduced (in leaf and flower size) variant may be needed in the future. Also there are other morphologic pseudopods noticeable among recent Ecuadorian materials, but no formal taxonomic status seems possible at present; particularly distinct is a population from Pichincha (Asplund 17139; Jameson 258; Lehmann 6232; Sparre 15966, 16786, and 17028) and Bolivar (Sodiro 503) with leaves more acute than usual at the apex and less pubescent beneath, flowers somewhat larger than typical, and ovaries moderately glandular and caducously setulose at the apex. Generally M. aspergillaris can be separated from its relatives by the combination of small leaves (mostly 1.5-3 X 1-2 cm), short pedicels, and (usually) esetulose ovary. ‘The salient features of the other South American relatives of M. aspergillaris are: M. centrophora Naud.: Flowers essentially sessile (the obscure pedicels 0.3-0.5 mm); ovary setulose. No Ecuadorian material of the typical form has been seen. M. denticulata Naud. (including M. centrophora Naud. var. subintegerrima Cogn.): Leaves rather weakly 5-nerved, not or only obscurely pustulate above, rather obscurely callose-dentic - ulate, with costal pubescence beneath mostly less than 0.3 mm long; simple inflorescence branchlet setulae moderate to dense; pedicels 1.5-2.5 mm long; ovary 10-setulose. Poortmann 175 (P) from Chuquiribamba, Loja, cited by Cogniaux as M. centrophora, seems better placed in M. denticulata, agreeing in all super- ficial details (but with an esetulose ovary). M. pseudocentrophora Cogn.: Leaves strongly 5-nerved, moderately pustulate above, prominently crenulate-denticulate, with pubescence beneath denser and along the primary veins ca. O.5 mm long; simple inflorescence branchlet setulae sparse or lacking; pedicels ca. 1 mm long; ovary glabrous. CLIDEMIA ACOSTAE Wurdack, sp. nov. C. collinae Gleason, C. myrmecinae Gleason, et C. taurinae Gleason affinis, domatiis in laminis omnino immersis foliis supra pustulato-setosis differt. Frutex ca. 1 m; ramuli sicut petioli dense setosi pilis reflexis 6-10 mm longis. Petioli 3-7 cm longi; lamina (11-)16- 2h X (5.5-)8-12 cm oblongo-ovata apice gradatim acuminato basi rotundata vel paulo (usque ad 0.5 cm) cordata, membranacea et irregulariter undulato-serrulata, supra sparse persistenterque pustulato-setosa pilis gracilibus 5-10 mm longis pustulis 1-2 mm latis et ca. 1 m altis, subtus modice setosa pilis gracilibus plerumque 1-2(-3) mm longis, {-plinervata pari interiore ca. 1-2 cm supra basin divergenti nervulorum areolis subtus ca. 1 mm 300 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. k latis; formicaria ca. 1-1.5 cm longa in laminarum basibus omnino immersa. Inflorescentiae in foliorum superiorum axillis pauci- florae setosae fructiferae ca. 1 cm longae, bracteolis ca. 1.5 mm longis persistentibus; flores 5-meri, pedicellis ca. 1.5 mm longis. Hypanthium (ad torum) 3.8 mm longum modice setosun, pilis 2.5-4 mm longis; calycis tubus ca. 0.7 mm longus, lobis interioribus ca. 0.7 mm longis ovatis rotundatis esetulosis, dentibus exterioribus subulatis setosis ca. 2-2.5 mm eminenti- bus. Petala in alabastris ca. 3 X 3 mm glabra apice rotundato. Stamina immatura glabra; thecae oblongo-subulatae 2.3 X 0.45 um nec appendiculatae nec prolongatae, poro minuto dorsaliter inclinato. Stigma non expansum; stylus glaber in ovarii collo ca. O.3 mm immersus; ovarium 5-loculare et ca. 1/2 inferum, cono sparse glanduloso. Type Collection: M. Acosta Solfs 12722 (holotype F 1544186), from between El Pajon and Cachaco, Prov. Imbabura, Ecuador, elev. 600 m, 2 June 1949. "Arbolito o arbusto. Frutos blanco-azulados o grises.” Paratypes (both Ecuador): 1. B. Croat 38965 (MO), from Rfo Mira between Ibarra and Lita, Prov. Imb: Imbabura, elev. ee 775 m, 8 Sep. 1976 (fruiting); C. Dodson & A. Gentry 6598 Mo, SEL, US), from forest along Rio . Palenque after crossing Rio Byibe and Rio Waija, Prov. Los Rios, elev. 170 m, 7 Oct. 1976. The suggested relatives all have domatia at least partly free of the leaf blade, as well as the blades above plane. As to the types, C. collina has the foliar pubescence above decid- uous and beneath restricted to the primary and secondary veins (the best Panamanian matches among recent collections being Nee & Gentry 8669 and perhaps Foster 2355), C. myrmecina has basally nerved leaf blades with rather short (Gar 2 a setae moderately on the upper surfaces and elongate formicaria occupying 2/3-3/4 of the petiole below the blade (recent collections being Duke 11235 and 11 from Colombia, as well as Duke 10922 from Darien, Panama), and C. taurina has foliar pubescence and nerva- tion as in C. myrmecina but scrotiform formicaria at the petiole apex (Gillis & Plowman 10103 perhaps representing a Costa Rican record for this species). Clidemia pubescens Gleason has the upper leaf surfaces caducously pustulate-setose and the formi- caria mostly immersed in the leaf blades, but the leaves beneath sparsely setose only along the primary and secondary veins and inflorescences on peduncles 5-6 cm long; Gleason's description indicated 4-merous flowers but none have survived on the holo- type (US) and paratype (US) and the only recent Costa Rican collections (with relatively broader leaf blades, Standley & Valerio 47154, Taylor & Taylor 11478, Maas 1175, Jimenez 1840) which may represent this species seem to have 5-merous flowers. Most of the Central American collections currently named as C. setosa (Triana) Gleason show 4-merous flowers, a pedunculate inflorescence, and formicaria (when jeveteveat below the leaf blade; however some materials have 5-merous flowers. Among the Panamanian collections currently identified as related to C. collina and C. taurina are several distinct morphologic nodes, 1978 Wurdack, Certamen Melastomataceis 301 the most notable being the Veraguas population with 7-ll- plinerved leaves (Mori & Kallunki 3076 and 3954; Croat 25933 and 27464) and the Cocle one with gland-tipped inflorescence hairs (Croat 22922; Dwyer 8663 and 8856; Nee & Dwyer 9196). OSSAEA SPARREI Wurdack, sp. nov. In pubescentia pinoidea antherisque 0. quinquenerviae (Mill.) Cogn. affinis, foliis sessilibus amplexicaulibus flori- bus grandioribus differt. Ramuli teretes sicut foliorum subtus venae primariae inflorescentiaque densiuscule pilis pinoideis ca. 0.1(-0.15) m longis induti. Folia essentialiter sessilia (petiolis crassis 0.1-0.3 em longis), elliptica apice hebeti-obtuso basi 0.5-0.8 em cordata, firme membranacea et distanter undulato-serrulata, 13-18 cm longa, 7-11 cm lata, supra glabra, subtus in venis secundariis tertiariisque sparse caduceque pinoideo-furfuracea, 5(-7)-nervata vel paulo (usque ad 0.5 em) pseudo-plinervata nervis secundariis ca. 5-8 mm inter se distantibus sicut terti- ariis subtus paulo elevatis nervulis subtus planis obscuris areolis ca. 0.5-1 mm latis. Panicula ut videtur terminalis (demum lateralis ?) 19-21 cm longa (pedunculo 5-6 em longo incluso) submultiflora, ramis primariis oppositis; flores 5- meri, pedicellis 3-4 mm longis et 0.4-0.5 mm diam., bracteolis ca. 1 X 0.3 mm subpersistentibus ca. 1 mm infra hypanthii basim insertis. Hypanthium (ad torum) ca. 2.3 mm longum sparsiuscule caduceque stellulato-puberulum; calycis tubus 0.8 mm longus, lobis interioribus 0.2-0.3 mm altis rotundatis remotis, dentibus exterioribus minutis inframarginalibus; torus intus modice glandulosus (0.1 m). Petala 5.1-7 X 2-2.1 mm oblongo-lanceata glabra. Filamenta 2.3-2.6 mm longa glabra; antherarum thecae 2.5-2.8 X 0.5-0.6 X 0.5 mm lanceatae, poro ca. 0.1 mm diam. dorsaliter inclinato; connectivum non vel paullulo (0.1-0.2 mm ) prolongatum dorsaliter dente descendenti hebeti ca. O.2 mm longo sparse glanduloso-ciliolato armatum. Stigma non expansum; stylus 6 X 0.4-0.15 mm glaber in ovarii collo 0.3 m immersus; ovarium 5-loculare et 1/2-2/3 inferum cono apicem versus modice glanduloso. Type Collection: B. Sparre 18460 (holotype S), collected at confluence between Rio Pilaton and Rio Toachi, Aloag-Santo Domingo road, Prov. Pichincha, Ecuador, elev. 850 m, 9 Sep. 1967. Paratype: Jameson s. n. (W), "Republic of Ecuador." Ossaea guinquenervia has ciliolate leaf blades long- decurrent at the base, barely (0.1 mm) undulate calyx limb, externally granulose-furfuraceous petals only 1.6-1.7 mm long, and a completely inferior ovary. Ossaea robusta (Triana) Cogn. has similar pinoid pubescence and 5-merous flowers, but obviously petiolate leaves which are acute to obtuse at the blade base, finer leaf venule areoles, smaller flowers, and ellipsoid anther thecae only 0.8-1.1 mm long; 0. sessilifolia (Triana) Wurdack differs in leaf shape (Phytologia 26: 408. 1973) and much smaller 4-merous flowers with externally densely scurfy petals. 302 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. OSSAEA PALENQUENSIS Wurdack, sp. nov. Q. sparrei Wurdack affinis, foliis trinervatis pedicellis gracillimis floribus minoribus ovario fere omnino infero differt. Ramuli teretes sicut foliorum subtus venae primariae inflo- rescentiaque modice pilis pinoideis ca. 0.1 mm longis plus minusve deciduis induti. Folia essentialiter sessilia (petiolis 0.2-0.3 em longis) oblongo-elliptica vel paullulo obovato- elliptica apice hebeti-acuto basi paulo (0.3-0.5 em) cordata, firme membranacea et distanter (0.5-1 cm) undulato-serrulata, 16-23 cm longa, 8-11 cm lata, supra glabra, subtus in venis secundariis sparse minute caduceque pinoideo-puberula in super- ficie glabra, 3-nervata (pari exteriore inframarginali tenui neglecto) vel paullulo (usque ad 0.5 em) plinervata nervis secundariis 5-10 mm inter se distantibus nervulis subtus planis obscuris areolis ca. 1 m latis. Paniculae e foliorum axillis singulae ca. 16-18 cm longae (pedunculo 6-7 em longo incluso) subpauciflorae; flores 5-meri, pedicellis 3-5 mm longis et ca. 0.2 mm diam., bracteolis ca. 0.5-0.7 X 0.1 mm linearibus deciduis ca. 0.5 mm infra hypanthium insertis. Hypanthium (ad torum) ca. 1.8-2 mm longum sparsiuscule stellulato-puberulum; calycis tubus 0.4-0.5 mm altus, lobis interioribus ca. 0.15-0.2 mm altis rotundatis, dentibus exterioribus minutis non eminentibus; torus intus modice glandulosus. Petala ca. 3.6-3.8 X 1.1 mm oblongo- lanceata glabra. Filamenta 1.6 mm longa glabra; antherarum thecae 1.9 X 0.25 mm subulatae, poro minuto dorsaliter incli- nato; connectivum vix (0.1 mm) prolongatum dorsaliter ad basim dente ca. O.2 mm longo glandulifero descendenti armatum. Stigma non expansum; stylus glaber; ovarium 5-loculare et ca. 0.9 in- ferum (cono vix 0.1 mm alto, collo ca. 0.1 m alto) dense glanduloso-puberulum; fructus 10-costatus i. s. Type Collection: C. H. Dodson & A. Gentry 6553 (holotype US 2728948; isotype MO), collected along Trail 1, Rio Palenque Biological Station, Km. 56 Quevedo-Santo Domingo, Prov. Los Rios, Ecuador, elev. 150-220 m, 7 Oct. 1976. "Shrub to 3 m tall. Inflorescence partly cauliflorous, pendant in fruit; flowers white." Paratype: Dodson 6650, topotypical. Ossaea sparrei has definitely 5(-7)-nerved leaf blades, pedicels 0.4-0.5 mm diam., considerably larger flowers, and a well-developed ovary cone, but is vegetatively disturbingly similar. The inflorescences in 0. palenquensis are definitely lateral, one per node. OSSAEA INCERTA Wurdack, sp. nov. Q. robustae (Triana) Cogn. in pubescentia antherisque affinis, foliis sessilibus calycis dentibus exterioribus promi- nenter eminentibus ovarii apice setuloso differt. Ramuli primum sulcato-quadrangulati demum teretes sicut foliorum subtus venae primariae inflorescentiaque pilis pinoideis 0.05-0.1 mm longis modice vel densiuscule induti. Folia sessilia ovata apice hebeti-acuminato basi 0.5-0.7 cm cordata, membrana- cea et crenato-serrulata, plerumque 9-15 cm longa et 5-9 cm 1978 Wurdack, Certamen Melastomataceis 303 lata, supra ad maturitatem glabra, subtus sparsiuscule resinoso- glandulosa venulis superficieque alioqui glabris, 5-nervata (pari exteriore tenui neglecto) nervis secundariis 3-5 mm inter se distantibus nervulis subtus planis areolis plerumque ca. O.4-0.5 mm latis. Inflorescentiae e foliorum axillis oriundae 8-11 cm longae (pedunculo gracili 3-4 em longo incluso) plerum- que ad pedunculorum apicem trifurcatae pauciflorae; flores (4-)5-meri, pedicellis gracilibus 2-4 mm longis, bracteolis ca. 0.2-0.3 mm longis linearibus persistentibus ca. 0.5 mm infra hypanthium insertis. Hypanthium (ad torum) ca. 2.6 mm longum paulo costulatum sparse caduceque pinoideo-furfuraceum et dense resinoso-glandulosum; calycis tubus ca. 0.2 mm longus, lobis interioribus ca. 0.6 m longis triangularibus dentibus exterior- ibus subulatis 0.4-0.5 mm eminentibus; torus intus glaber. Petala glabra immatura solum cognita. Filamenta ca. 1 mm longa; antherarum thecae ca. 0.9 X 0.3-0.4 mm oblongae 4-loculares; connectivum paulo (0.15-0.2 mm ) prolongatum, dente dorsali acutiusculo descendenti ca. 0.5 mm longo sparse glanduloso- ciliolato. Stigma vix expansum; stylus in ovarii cono ca. 0.2 mn immersus; ovarium (4-)5-loculare et ca. 2/3 inferum, apice paulo resinoso et setulis ca. 10 glanduliferis 0.2-0.3 mm longis coronato; fructus i. s. costatus. Type Collection: M. Acosta Solfs 12274 (holotype F 1543289), collected at Lita, Prov. Imbabura, Ecuador, elev. 501 m, 25 April 1949. "Arbustiva. Flores blancas." Ossaea robusta has obviously petiolate 5-plinerved leaf blades, callose external calyx teeth barely projecting, and ovary apex sparsely glandular but without setulae. Ossaea brenesii Standley (synonym: Leandra lepidota Gleason) has similar vegetative pubescence and anthers but petiolate 5-pli- nerved leaves, corolla externally densely pinoid-furfuraceous, and ovary esetulose; a Colombian record for this otherwise Central American species is Hilty M-129 (US), from Alto Yunda, Rio Anchicaya, Valle, elev. 1000 m. While having qualitatively the same vegetative pubescence as 0. sparrei and QO. palenquensis (vide supra), QO. incerta has quite different anthers. Only moderately mature flower buds and fruit are available on the holotype of O. incerta, with ovate immature petals; however the anther and ovary features seem to negate any likely affinities in Clidemia. TOPOBEA VERRUCOSA Wurdack, sp. nov. A congeneribus foliis supra verrucis conicis armatis differt. Ramuli primum obscure rotundato-quadrati mox teretes sicut petioli pedicelli florum bracteae exteriores centraliter extus pilis recurvis robustis usque ad ca. 1 X 0.2 mm laevibus vel obscure asperis armati. Petioli 1-2.5 cm longi; lamina 6-12 (-14) X (3-)4-7.5 cm elliptica vel ovato-elliptica apice late obtuso vel rotundato basi rotundato-truncata vel paulo (usque ad 0.3 em) cordata, rigida et integra, distanter (ca. 0.3-0.4 em) calloso-ciliolata, supra verrucis conicis plerumque ca. 30h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 0.5-0.7 X 1-1.5 mm dense armata, subtus paulo foveolata et in venis venulisque densiuscule pilis 0.5-1 mm longis subclavatis conspicue barbellatis setulosa, 5(-7)-nervata nervis secundariis plerumque 0.3-0.4 cm inter se distantibus nervulorum areolis ca. 1.5-2 mm latis. Flores 6-meri in foliorum superiorum axillis oppositis plerumque 2-4(-5), pedicellis plerumque ca. 5 m longis, bracteis late orbicularibus usque ad basim liberis intus glabris graciliter 0.5-0.7 mm ciliolatis; bracteae exteriores 5-5-5 X 7.5 mm; bracteae interiores 6 X 7.5-8 mm extus apicem versus centraliter modice retrorso-setulosae. Hypanthium (ad torum) 5 mm longum sicut calyx glabrum; calycis tubus 2 mm longus, lobis 2.5-3 X 3 mm rotundatis densiuscule ciliolatis 0.5-1 mm imbricatis; torus intus dense glanduloso-setosus, pilis gracilibus 1-2 mm longis. Petala ovata unguiculata minute retrorso-ciliolata alioqui glabra immatura ca. 7 X 5.5 mm. Stamina glabra; antherae paulo immaturae 5.7 X 1 X 1 mm anguste oblongae dorsaliter biporosae; connectivum dorsaliter ad basim per ca. O.5 mm elevatum, calcari hebeti descendenti ca. 0.3 mm longo. Stigma punctiforme; stylus ca. 9 X 0.7 mm in ovarii collo ca. O.9 mm immersus basim versus modice laxeque strigu- losus pilis glanduliferis ca. 0.5 mm longis; ovarium 6-loculare et ca. 1/4 inferum, lobis apicalibus hebetibus ca. 0.3 mm longis sparsissime minuteque glanduloso-setulosis. Type Collection: M. T. Madison, E. O. Bush III, & E. W. Davis 3566 (holotype US), collected in elfin forest on western slopes of Cordillera Cutucu between Logrono and Yaupi, 2° hét Ss, 78° 06" W, Prov. Morona-Santiago, Ecuador, elev. 2000 m, Nov. 1976. "Tree 3 m with rufous indument. Corolla pink." All other species of Topobea have the leaf blades plane above. Of the species known to me with the torus densely fine- setose within, T. asplundii Wurdack, T. cutucuensis Wurdack, and T. setosa Triana all have much larger flowers with different internal floral details, while T. induta Markgraf (ex char.) has larger 5-plinerved leaves, ovate-acuminate bracts, and a glabrous style. TOPOBEA DODSONORUM Wurdack, sp. nov. In systemate Cogniauxii a speciebus 22-24 foliis maioribus differt. Ramuli teretes primum sicut folia pedicelli bracteaeque sparse subamorpho-stellulato-puberuli (pilis vix 0.1 mm diam.) mox glabrati; linea interpetiolaris elevata distincte evoluta. Folia in quoque pari dimorphica subcoriacea integra vel obscure distanterque crenulata late elliptica apice abrupte breviterque hebeti-acuminato basi rotundata 5-nervata nervis secundariis ca. 1.5 mm inter se distantibus. Folia maiora: petioli 1-2 cm longi; lamina (acumine ca. 1.5 cm longo excluso) 11-17 X 8-12 em subtus ad basim domatiis binis 3-4 X 2-3 mm plerumque ornata. Folia minora: petioli 0.1-0.3 cm longi; lamina (acumine ca. 0.3-0.5 em longo excluso) 1.5-3 X 1-3 cm domatiis non evolutis. Flores 6-meri plerumque 4(-8) in quoque nodo, pedicellis 20-25 mn longis; bracteae exteriores 2.5 X 3.5 mm ovatae acutae ad 1978 Wurdack, Certamen Melastomataceis 305 basim paulo (0.3 mm) coalitae; bracteae interiores 1.5 X 2.5 mm oblatae ca. 1 mm coalitae. Hypanthium (ad torum) 4 m longum glabrum; calycis tubus 1.8 mm longus, lobis 1.7 X 2 mm triangu- laribus paulo furfuraceis extus carinatis. Petala 8 X 4-4.2 mm glabra obovato-oblonga apice hebeti-acuto. Filamenta 3.5 mm longa glabra; antherarum thecae 2.5-2.6 X 0.6 X O.4 mm lanceatae non cohaerentes, poro dorsali 0.2 mm diam.; connectivum ad basim paullulo (0.3-0.4 mm) prolongatum dente hebeti-acuto dorsali descendenti 0.4 X 0.1 m armatum. Stigma non expansum 0.2 mm diam.; stylus 3 X 0.7-0.2 mm glaber in ovarii collo 0.3 mm immersus; ovarium 4-loculare et 1/2 inferum apice cylindraceo 3 mm longo glabro. Type Collection: C. H. & H. C. Dodson 6752 (holotype US 2781998; isotype SEL), collected in cloud forest along ridge line near La Centinella at Km 12 on road from Patricia Pilar to Flor de Mayo, Montana de Ila, Prov. Pichincha-Los Rios border, Ecuador, elev. 600 m, 16 July-11 Aug. 1977. "Epiphytic vine. Petals yellow-brown; anthers orange." Topobea glabrescens Triana (recent collections, both from Choco, Colombia: Gentry & Fallen 17846, Yuto-Lloro, elev. 100 m; Forero, Jaramillo, & McElroy 1160, Quibdo-Guayabal, elev. ho m) has leaf blades beneath completely covered with stellulate or pinoid-stellulate hairs, sparsely glandular-setose pedicels and bracts, the torus within densely fine-setulose, and the ovary collar densely pinoid-setulose; T. insignis Triana (vide Caldasia 11: 87-89. 1971) has larger bracts, fine-setulose pedicels, and larger flowers with barely oblate-lobed calyx limb; and I. anisophylla Triana has fine-ciliolate branchlet nodes, proportionately narrower leaves with more closely spaced secondary veins, larger bracts, and longer calyx lobes. None of the above species shows foliar domatia. In secondary leaf venation and domatia as well as floral bracts, T. dodsonorum resembles T. pittieri Cogn., an isophyllous species with trun- cate calyx limb and conic ovary apex. Two other anisophyllous species of Topobea have been described from the Pacific coast of Colombia; both differ from T. dodsonorum in the much smaller plinerved leaf blades acute at the base, rounded outer floral bracts, rounded-cordulate calyx lobes, smaller petals, rela- tively thicker anthers, and conic ovary apices. These Colombian taxa, T. alternifolia Gleason and T. reducta Gleason, do show obscure foliar domatia; while Gleason transferred the first of these to Blakea, both have the dorsal confluent anther pore of Topobea and are at most subspecifically distinct from one another. TOPOBEA ANISOPHYLLA Triana subsp. ECUADORENSIS Wurdack, subsp. nov. Ramulorum foliorumque pubescentia breviore petiolis paulo brevioribus laminis paulo tenuioribus differt. Type Collection: J. A. Steyermark 54211 (holotype F 1207319; isotypes NY, US), collected in rich moist forest along trail from Sambotambo, following headwaters of Rio Moro 306 PryYyro 1oe'é TR Vol. 38, no. 4 Moro, south to Buenaventura at and along highway to Portovelo, Prov. El Oro, Ecuador, elev. 1035-1800 m, 29 Aug. 1943. "Shrub 15 ft. tall; leaves firmly membranaceous, deeply sulcate above, nerves below deeply raised; petals white; anthers yellow." Paratype: Sodiro s. n. (BR), without definite locality. The typical subspecies, known to me only from the type collection (Triana 4103, BM, NY) and Cuatrecasas 23733 (F, NY, US), both from El Valle, Colombia, has the branchlets, petioles, and primary leaf veins beneath densely floccose-setulose with fine densely barbellate hairs to 1 mm long, petioles 0.3-0.5 cm long on the larger leaves, and rigid-membranaceous leaf blades. In the Ecuadorian population, the caducous pinoid cauline hairs are only to ca. 0.3 mm long, moderately dense on the very young branchlets, and sparse (and only ca. 0.1 m long) on the primary leaf veins beneath; the petioles are 0.1(-0.2) mm long in the large leaves; and the leaf blades (dry) are membranaceous. Cogniaux had annotated the Sodiro collection as an undescribed species. TOPOBEA TOACHIENSIS Wurdack, sp. nov. {. anisophyllae Triana arcte affinis, foliis proportionali- ter angustioribus hypanthiis glabris antherarum connectivis ecalcaratis differt. Ramuli primum obtuso-quadrangulati demum teretes sicut petioli laminarum subtus venae primariae pedicellique pilis pinoideis 0.1-0.25 mm longis deciduis sparsiuscule puberuli. Folia in quoque pari valde dimorphica membranacea essentialiter integra (obscure distanterque crenulata) in superficie ubique glabra nervis secundariis ca. 0.7-0.8 mm inter se distantibus supra paullo insculptis subtus paullulo elevatis. Folia maiora: lamina (acumine 1.5-2.5 em incluso) 8-12.5 X 2-3.5 cm anguste oblongo-elliptica apice gradatim caudato-acuminato basi rotun- data et paulo (ca. 0.1 cm) auriculata, breviter (usque ad 0.5 em) 7-pseudoplinervata; petioli 0.1-0.2 cm longi. Folia minora sessilia 1-2 X 0.6-1.1 cm (acumine 0.2-0.3 cm longo incluso) ovato-elliptica apice subabrupte hebeti-acuminato basi paulo cordulata, 5-nervata. Flores 6-meri in quoque nodo superiore plerumque 3 (uno in foliorum minorum axilla; duo in foliorum maiorum axilla), pedicellis gracilibus 25-35 mm longis, bracteis membranaceis omnino liberis obovato-oblongis apice hebeti-acuto obscure sparse caduceque stellulato-furfuraceis; bracteae exteriores 5-7 KX 2-2.5 mm; bracteae interiores 5 X 2.1-2.4 mm. Hypanthium (ad torum) 3 mm longum glabrum; torus intus sparsis- sime glandulis 0.05 mm longis armatus; calycis tubus 0.5 mm longus, lobis 2.7 X 1.3-1.5 mm oblongis acutis obscure caduceque furfuraceis setula decidua 0.1-0.2 mm longa terminatis. Petala 7-5-8 X 4.8-5 mm oblongo-obovata apice obtuso apicem versus sparse obscureque (0.03 mn) ciliolata alioqui glabra. Filamenta 2.5-3 mm longa; antherarum thecae 3 X 0.7 X 0.6 mm lanceatae non cohaerentes, poro 0.2 mm diam. dorsaliter inclinato, connec- tivo ad basim ecalcarato. Stigma non expansum; stylus 5.7 X 0.3-0O.1 mm glaber in ovarii collo 0.7 mm immersus; ovarium 1978 Wurdack, Certamen Melastomataceis 307 4-loculare et 1/3 inferum cono 2.3 mm longo (collo incluso) glabro. Type Collection: C. Jativa & C. Epling 536 (holotype US 2644199; isotypes NY, S), collected in virgin forest along Rio Toachi near Santo Domingo, Prov. Pichincha, Ecuador, elev. 700 m, 18 July 1963. "Flowers white." Topobea anisophylla has leaf blades with length/width ratio (exclusive of the acumen) mostly 2-2.6 (rather than 3- 3-5), hypanthium densely puberulous with pinoid-stellulate hairs, and anther connectives with a dorso-basal descending tooth ca. 0.25 mm long. In vegetative pubescence and leaf consistency, T. toachiensis is like T. anisophylla subsp. ecuadorensis, but with larger petals and anthers. NOTES ON NEW AND NOTEWORTHY PLANTS. CVII Harold N. Moldenke VITEX ELMERI Moldenke, sp. nov. Arbor parva vel frutex, ramlis ramisque gracilibus dense fusco=pubescentibus; foliis decussato-oppositis plerumque 5- foliolatis; petiolis gracillimis 2-- cm. longis dense fusco- pubescentibus; laminis anguste lanceolatis integerrimis ad basin et apicem acuminatis supra puberulis subtus densissime fusco- pubescentibus; inflorescentiis terminalibus paniculatis parvis ubique dense fusco-pubescentibus vel puberulis; cymulis brevissime stipitatis; pedicellis mullis vel submllis. Small tree or shrubj branches and branchlets slender, subterete or obscurely subtetragonal, very densely fuscous=-pubescent through- out; leaves decussate-opposite, mostly 5-foliolate; petioles very slender, 2=-l; cm. long, densely fuscous-pubescent like the branch- lets; leaflets unequal in size, narrowly lanceolate, nigrescent or brunnescent in drying, membranous, darker above than beneath but not at all whitish beneath, entire, decidedly acuminate at both ends, the central one 6-8 cm. long and 1.5—2 em. wide, rather densely puberulent above, very densely fuscous=-pubescent beneath with distinct hairs, obsoletely petiolulate (but appearing as though petiolulate because of the basal leaflet acumination) ; inflorescence terminal, paniculate, small, with about 3 pairs of short ascending branches, densely fuscous—puberulent or —pubes= cent throughout, bracteolate, the small cymules very shortly stipitate; pedicels absent or practically so in anthesis; bract- lets linear, 1.5—5 mm. long. 308 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. The type of this species was collected by Adolph Daniel Ed- ward Elmer (no. 5611) — in whose honor it is named — at Bauang, Union Province, Luzon, Philippine Islands, in February, 190k, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botani- cal Garden. The species has been confused with V. negundo L. in the past and the aspect of its inflorescences is somewhat remin- iscent of a depauperate V. agnus-castus L., but the pubescence is not at all mealy—canescent or albidous as in that species. VITEX NEGUNDO var. PHILIPPINENSIS Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei recedit ubique densissime fusco-puberulis, foliis plerumque 5-foliolatis, foliolis 3 major- ibus distincte lanceolatis as apicem longe acuminatis as basin breviter acuminatis distincte petiolulatis, foliolis 2 basalibus sessilibus. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in being densely fuscous—puberulent throughout on branches, branch= lets, twigs, petioles, leaf-blades, and inflorescences, the leaves mostly 5-foliolate, the leaflets very unequal in size, the 3 central ones distinctly and rather broadly lanceolate, 8--15 cm. long, 2—-l, cm. wide, obscurely few-dentate or entire, apically long-acuminate, basally short-acuminate into a distinct petiolule, the 2 lateral ones sessile. The type of this variety was collected by Adolph Daniel Edward Elmer (no, 8125) at Los Banos, Laguna Province, Luzon, Philippine Islands, in April, 1906, and is deposited in the Britton Herbar— ium at the New York Botanical Garden. VITEX VESTITA var. BRACTEATA Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei recedit inflorescentiis perspicue bracteatis, bracteis spathulato-ellipticis ca, 10 mm. longis 2 mm, latis apicaliter acutis basaliter longe attenuatis. This variety differs from the typical form and all other named infraspecific taxa of V. vestita by having its inflores- cences very conspicuously and prominently bracteate during anthe- sis, the bracts foliaceous, spatulate-elliptic, apically acute, basally long-attenuate, densely puberulent-pilose on both sur- faces. The type of the variety was collected by J. Sinclair (no. 9887) along a wooded path on a steep hillside near Sungei Kenas, Gunong Bubu Forest Reserve, Kuala Kangsar District, Perak, Mala- ya, on October 28, 1958, and is deposited in the Britton Herbar- ium at the New York Botanical Garden. The collector refers to the plant as a common shrub, 15 feet tall, the corollas yellow, and the leaves dark-green above and dull to slightly glossy, paler and dull beneath with brownish-green midribs and veins. NEW TAXA IN CHRYSOTHAMNUS, SECTION NAUSEOSI (ASTERACEAE) Loran C. Anderson Florida State University, Tallahassee 32306 Chrysothamnus may be divided into four sections (Anderson, 1970). The most preplexing, taxonomically, is section Nauseosi which, as presently understood, consists of two polytypic species: C. nauseosus (Pallas) Britt. and c. parryi (Gray) Greene. A third species, C. pyramidatus (Robins. & Greenm.) H. & C. was placed in the section by Hall and Clements (1923) and has since been transferred to Haplo- pappus (Blake, 1926) and finally to Baccharis (Rzedowski, 1972). The section is characterized by its taxa having stems with densely compacted tomentum. The two species are relatively easily distinguished from one another. Chrysothamnus nauseosus has numerous five-flowered heads compacted into eymose inflorescences (capitulescences), and the involucral bracts are strongly aligned vertically with generally obtuse, acute, or moderately acuminate tips. Typically, C. parryi has fewer heads per stem that are arranged in elongate, leafy inflor- escences that are racemosely (rarely paniculately) distributed. The heads have 5— 10 (20) flowers. The phyllaries, especially the outer ones, have slender, frequently spreading, herbaceous tips, and the bracts are not as strongly aligned in vertical rows. The description of new taxa in this section comes only after long study and personal conviction that the new names are being applied to more than just trivial forms. | am fully aware of the sort of variety found in C. nauseosus to which Hall (1919) referred: Nothing can be more certain than that these ho [now over 50] attempts to recognize species and varieties do not by any means exhaust the resources of the group. Every autumnal excursion into a new district brings to light one or more forms not previously described. The only limits set to the number of new species or varieties which might be set up lie in one's ability to visit all parts of the field during the flowering period and the failure or disinclination to recognize minor variations. All the new taxa are known chromosomally (Anderson, 1966, 1971), and several have distinctive floral anatomy (Anderson, 1970). 309 310 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. CHRYSOTHAMNUS NAUSEOSUS ssp. ARENARIUS W4 1978 Anderson, Chrysothamms 311 Some of the new subspecies described here necessitate additional clarification as to the differences between the species. Specimens of C. nauseosus ssp. arenarius have been confused with c. parryi by some because of their long attenuate, acuminate phyllaries. The subspecies clearly belongs to C. nauseosus in that the involucres have very distinct vertical alignment of the phyllaries which are also prominently keeled and chartaceous. Additionally, the habital preference and growth form are more compatible with those found in C. nauseosus. On the other hand, C. parryi ssp. salmonensis has involucres that approach C. nauseosus in size and phyllary shape. The phyllaries are only moderately acuminate, but they are poorly keeled and weakly aligned as in C. parryi. Futhermore, the phyllaries have more membranous, herbaceous tips compared to the generally more chartaceous condition of phyllary tips in C. nauseosus. The new subspecies are described below and illustrated in Fig. 1—5. The individual heads in the illustrations are each scaled with a 1 cm vertical line; other aspects of the illustrations are not drawn to any particular scale. Known ranges of the taxa are mapped in Fig. 6. Chrysothamnus nauseosus ssp. arenarius L. Anderson, ssp. nov. AAA ARDRAAAAAA Frutices corpulenti, usque ad 1.2 m alti; folia glauco-viridia, linearia, 4—7.5 cm longa, 1 mm lata; inflorentia cyma paniculats; capitula 15— 20 mm longa, bracteis involucralibus apicibus cuspidato- aristatis recte ordinatis carinatisque magne; disci florum 5, flavi, corollis 12— 14.2 mm longis, lobis 1.2—2 mm longis, lineis stigmaticis styli appendicibus brevioribus; achaenia pubescentia. TYPE: Arizona, Coconino Co., 0.5 mi E of The Gap, 22 Sep 1959, L. C. Anderson 1849 (FSU!, KSC!, MSC!, UC—holotype!). Large shrubs, 0.7—1.2 m tall; twigs stout, somewhat fastigiately branched, tomentose; leaves grayish-green, alternate, entire, linear with apiculate tips, 4—7.5 cm long, 1 mm wide, Sparse, somewhat reduced toward the inflorescence, tomentose; inflorescence a loosely paniculate, round-topped cyme; heads large, cylindric, (15) 16—19 (20) mm long, phyllaries (19) 22— 25 (27), strongly aligned and keeled with prominent costal vein, chartaceous, margins ciliate, tips cuspidate-aristate, glabrescent, outer bracts subulate, inner ones lanceoate and slightly spreading or recurved; disk flowers 5, yellow, corollas ventricose with the narrow tube abruptly dilated to a much broader throat, (12) 12.5—13.2 (14.2) mm long, lobes broadly lance- olate, 1.2—2 mm long, styles long exerted, up to 19 mm long, style branches frequently appressed rather than widely spreading, stigmatic portion 35— 45% of total style branch length; achenes cylindric, 7-9 mm long, pubescent, pappus of capillary bristles; n = 9 (Fig. 1).--- Infrequent on sandhills, often those formed at bases of high sandstone ciffs, 5,000— 6,500 ft, se. Utah, ne. Ariz., and nw.N.M. (Fig. 6, area A). Sep— Oct. 312 PH Y, £.Oss GTA Vol. 38, no. 4 CHRYSOTHAMNUS NAUSEOSUS ssp. NITIDUS 1978 Anderson, Chrysothamms 313 This subspecies is easily distinguished from others of Cc. nauseosus by its large heads with strongly keeled, cuspidate involucral bracts; these features were maintained when plants were garden-grown in Logan, Utah. I+ looks like no other subspecies but is probably closely related to C. nasusosus ssp. turbinatus— the two form hybrid swarms locally in Kane Co., Utah. The strong, flexible stems are reportedly used by the Navajo Indians in weaving baskets. Additional specimens examined: Utah, Grand Co., S. L. Welsh & G. Moore 2764 (BRY, FSU, NY), J. Allan 203 (BRY, FSU); Kane Co., L. C. Anderson 1723, 1776 (FSU, KSC, MSC), S. L. Welsh & K. Thorne 13017 (BRY, FSU, WTS); Washington Co., A. Eastwood & J. T. Howell 6346 (CAS, US), A. M. Woodbury in 1925 (UT). Arizona, Apache Co., B. S. Klinger 95 (NMC); Coconino Co., L. C. Anderson 1756, 1797 (FSU, KSC, MSC), Cutler, Goodman & Payson in 1939 (DS); Navajo Co., L. C. Anderson 1886, 2668 (FSU, KSC), A. M. Woodbury in 1937 (UT). New Mexico, Rio Arriba Co., B. S. Klinger 210 (FSU, NMC); San Juan Co., J. T. Wynhoff 418 (ASU). Chrysothamnus nauseosus ssp. nitidus L. Anderson, ssp. nov. Frutices usque ad 1.5 m alti; stirpes et frondes galbinae; folia linearia, 1—5 cm longa, 1—1.5 mm lata; inflorescentia cyma paniculata; capitula 10— 12.5 mm longa, bracteis involucralibus 13— 19, exterioribus interdum tomento appresso ovatis, interioribus ellipticioribus, glabris, lucidis; disci florum 5, subflavi, corollis 9.8— 10.5 mm longis, lobis circa 1 mm longis, interdum subvillosis, lineis stigmaticis styli appendicibus parvo brevioribus vel paene paribus longitudine; achaenia saepissime glabra, raro pubescentia. TYPE: Arizona, Coconino Co., 7 mi N of Cedar Ridge Trading Post in Cornfield Valley of Tanner Wash, 16 Oct 1958, L. Cc. Anderson 1739 (FSU!, KSC!, MSC!, UC— holotype!). Shrubs 0.6—1 (1.5) m tall with many stems arising from the base of the plant, stems and foliage yellowish-green and pleasantly fragrant; leaves alternate, entire, linear, slightly involute, (1) 3- 5 cm long, 1—1.5 mm wide, somewhat arcuate with mucronate tips; inflorescence often compact, a more or less flat-topped paniculate cyme; heads 10— 12.5 mm long, phyllaries (13) 14-18 (19), the outer ones ovate with appressed tomentum or tomentulose, inner bracts elliptic with acute or obtuse tips, weakly keeled, glabrous, stramineous and shining, translucent, receptacle with a central cusp up to 2 mm long; disk flowers 5, pale yellow, corollas (9.5) 10—10.5 (11) mm long, lobes broadly lanceolate, not spreading, 0.7—1 mm long, sometimes villous, stigmatic lines shorter than style appendages (33-45% of total style branch length); achenes cylindric, 5.5—6.5 mm long, brownish, usually glabrous but each large population has some plants with pubescent achenes, pappus of capillary bristles; n = 9 (Fig. 2).--- Locally common in sandy gravel of dry creek beds, 4,500—5,800 ft, extreme sc. Utah and adjacent n. Arizona (Fig. 6, area N). Oct. 314 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. h CHRYSOTHAMNUS NAUSEOSUS ssp. WASHOENSIS Me \ J Wy inte | SU7 yy “= AMAL ¥ ) ALN |) MONT» i” Ca, ‘ H : iZ a ) \ Le yi hy \ WA G \ NZ ? WY g \ iyi 1978 Anderson, Chrysothamms 315 These plants form attractive displays in the dry washes along hiway 89 in northern Arizona; they can be spotted easily by their distinctive yellowish-green herbage that is enhanced by the shining stramineous bracts and pale yellow flowers. Hall and Clements (1923) noted that several forms of C. nauseosus had pleasant fragrances perhaps worthy for a perfume base; this taxon has the most pleasing aroma of all C. nauseosus subspecies. Not all plants have glabrous achenes. Twenty plants of each population that | visited were checked for achene pubescence; the populations had 80— 95% glabrous-achened plants. This taxon shows affinity to ssp. leiospermus and ssp. bigelovii in its glabrous achenes and to ssp. hololeucus (the gnaphalodes form) in its short corolla lobes. A close relationship to the glabrous- achened ssp. glareosus is not likely; however, Hall and Clements (1923) cited a specimen from Coconino Co., Arizona, in their description of ssp. glareosus that is very probably a specimen of ssp. nitidus (which caused their description of ssp. glareosus to be very close to that of the new subspecies). Although extant specimens of "good" ssp. glareosus have not been found, Jones! description (1891) clearly shows that the two entities are distinct. He stated those plants were about a foot high and had phyllaries with conspicuous thickened yellow tips and linear-lanceolate corolla lobes— none of these features agree with ssp. nitidus. Additional specimens examined: Arizona, Coconino Co., L. C. Anderson 1751, 1752, 1753, 1745 (FSU, KSC, MSC), 1798 (same plant as the type, in winter condition, FSU, KSC), D. Demaree 39910 (FSU), L. N. Goodding 4367 (NMC); Navajo Co., L. C. Anderson 1887 (FSU, KSC, MSC), G. W. Plumb 24 (NMC). Utah, Kane Co., L. C. Anderson 1868 (FSU, KSC, MSC). The following may represent both geographically and morph- ologically peripheral populations of this taxon: M. E. Jones 4511 (CAS, DS, GH, NY, ORE, UC, US) from Apache Co., Arizona, and S. L. Welsh & K. Thorne 13018 (BRY, FSU, WTS) from Kane Co., Utah—both have pubescent achenes and less typical involucres. Chrysothamnus nauseosus ssp. washoensis L. Anderson, ssp. nov. ann AAAADA AA Frutices usque ad 1 m alti, saepissime minores quam 5 dm, fastigate ramosi; folia glauco-viridia, spatulata vel anguste ob- lanceolata, 3— 3.5 cm longa, usque ad 3 mm lata; inflorentia cyma paniculata; capitula 10—12 mm longa, bracteis involucralibus 16— 20 vel pluribus, exterioribus bracteis aeque rare villosis et perto- mentosis; disci florum saepissime 5, flavi, corollis plurimis 8—9 mm longis, lobis circa 1.5 mm longis et villosis, lineis stigmaticis styli appendicibus brevioribus; achaenia ipsa glabra sed multis pilis Pilosis albis prope pappum locatis. TYPE: Nevada, Washoe Co., dry rocky silty clay of open juniper grassland, Barrel Springs near California line, 22 air mi NW of Vya, 31 Jul 1972, z. c. anderson 3573 (FSU!, KSC!, UC— holotype!) 316 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. CHRYSOTHAMNUS PARRYI ssp. SALMONENSIS Wg 1978 Anderson, Chrysothamnus 317 Shrubs 3— 4.5 (10) dm tall, more or less fastigiately branched; leaves gray-green, alternate, entire, spatulate to narrowly ob- lanceolate, 3—3.5 cm long, 2—3 mm wide, tips mucronate; inflorescence a paniculate cyme; heads (10) 11—11.5 (12) mm long, phyllaries (16) 18— 20 (30), outer ones sparsely villose as well as closely tomentose, ovate, inner bracts tomentulose with prominent (often brownish) costal nerves, elliptic with obtuse to acute tips, receptacular cusp up to 3 mm high; disk flowers (4) 5 (6), yellow, corollas (7.5) 8-9 (10) mm long, lobes about 1.5 mm long, narrowly lanceolate, villous, stigmatic lines shorter than style appendages (33— 45% of total style branch length); achenes cylindric, lustrous brown, 4.5—5 mm long, essentially glabrous but with tuft of long white pilose hairs forming a crown just below the pappus attachment, pappus of capillary bristles; n = 9 (Fig. 3).---Infrequent in rocky poor soil of open juniper or pinon grassland, 5,000—5,400 ft, w. Washoe Co., Nevada, and adjacent Calif. (Fig. 6, area W). Aug. This subspecies has a unique set of features that include longer hairs associated with the tomentum on the involucral bracts, villose corolla lobes, and glabrous achenes with the distal crown of white villose-pilose hairs. An elevated receptacular cusp is found sporadically in the genus and has no apparent taxonomic value. With its glabrous achenes, it was first considered an aberrant form of ssp. leiospermus (Anderson, 1971), but | now consider it very distinct from the other subspecies with its closest affinity to ssp. albicaulis. Additional specimens examined: California, Lassen Co., H. M. Hall 11676, 11677 (UC), R. F. Hoover 4646 (JEPS, UC); Modoc Co., L. C. Wheeler 3967 (GH, ND). Nevada, Washoe Co., L. C. Anderson 3574, 3577 (FSU, KSC), H. Summerfield & B. Price 68-07, 68-08 (FSU), M. Williams 74-20-2 (CAS, NY), M. Williams & A. Tiehm 74-74-71 (CAS, NY). Chrysothamnus parryi ssp. salmonensis L. Anderson, ssp. nov. Frutices stirpibus gracilibus usque ad 6 dm alti; folia viridia, linearia vel anguste oblanceolata, 3— 8 cm longa, 1—.3 mm lata; inflorescentia frondosa et elongata, cyma racemose vel paniculate ramosa; capitula 10—12 mm longa, bracteis involucralibus plurimis 13— 17, apicibus longis acuminatis; disci florum 4—6, subflavi, corollis 8—10 mm longis, lobis 1—1.5 mm longis, lineis stigmaticis styli appendicibus brevioribus; achaenia pubescentia. TYPE: Idaho, Custer Co., barren, gravelly hillside overlooking Salmon River, 4 mi SE of Challis, 26 Aug 1958, L. Cc. Anderson 1661 (FSU!, KSC!, MSC!, UC—holotype!). Shrubs 3—6 dm tall with slender, more or less fastigiate branches, herbage slightly viscidulous; leaves green, alternate, entire, linear to narrowly oblanceolate, 3—5 (8) cm long, 1—2 (3) mm wide, sparse; inflorescence leafy and elongate, a racemose to paniculate cyme; heads cylindric, 10—12 mm long, phyllaries (11) Vol. 38, NOe h PHYTOLOGIA 318 ssp. MONTANUS CHRYSOTHAMNUS PARRYI 1978 Anderson, Chrysothamnus 319 13— 17 (19), viscidulous, outer ones broadly lanceolate with ciliate margins and acuminate, herbaceous tips, inner bracts narrowly lance- olate with acuminte tips; disk flowers (4) 5-6, pale yellow, corollas mostly 8— 10 mm long, lobes 1—1.5 mm long, stigmatic lines shorter than the style appendages (35— 42% of total style branch length); achenes cylindric, 5.5—6.5 mm long, pubescent; n = 9 (Fig. 4).--- Frequent on barren rocky soil along Middle Fork of Salmon River and its tributaries, 4,800—5,900 ft, c. Idaho endemic (Fig. 6, area S). Aug— Sep. This subspecies is most closely related to C. parryi ssp. attenuatus from which it differs in having more slender stems with relatively longer internodes and sparser foliage; the heads have more bracts and fewer flowers as well as shorter involucres and corollas than in ssp. attenuatus. Garden-grown plants in Logan, Utah, and Claremont, California, had larger heads with more numerous flowers, but the distinctness from ssp. attenuatus was still observable. Additional specimens examined: Idaho, Custer Co., L. C. Anderson 1658, 1660, 1662 (FSU, KSC, MSC), J. H. Christ 51-183, 51-197 (ID), AesGronguist 3808, 3810 (MO), 6808 (DS, FSU, NY, TEX, UTC), 7. F. Macbride & E. B. Payson 335 (CAS, DS, ID, NY, RM, UC); Lemhi Co., L. C. Anderson 1666, 1667 (FSU, KSC, MSC). Chrysothamnus parryi ssp. montanus L. Anderson, ssp. nov. Frutices humiles et patuli usque ad 3 dm alti, contorte ramosi; folia viridia, linearia 2— 3.5 cm longa, 1—2 mm lata, superiora racemoSas cymas paucis capitulis superantia; capitula 10—11.5 mm longa, bracteis involucralibus plurimis 13—17, marginibus sub- ciliatis acuminatisque, apicibus herbaceis, subviscidis, plus minusve in ordinibus rectis; disci florum plurimi 5—11, flavi, corollis 9— 10 mm longis, lobis circa 1.5 mm longis; styli varii lineis stigma- ticis multo brevioribus vel etiam parvo longioribus quam styli appendicibus; achaenia pubescentia. TYPE: Idaho, Clark Co., exposed rocky slopes of Red Conglomerate Peaks, Irving Creek drainage, 28 air mi NW of Dubois, 14 Sep 1957, L. C. Anderson 1024 (FSU!, KSC!, MSC!, UC—holotype:). Low, spreading shrubs, 1—2 (3) dm tall, intricately branched; leaves green, alternate, entire, linear, 2—3.5 cm long, 1—2 mm wide, viscidulous, upper ones surpassing the few-headed cymose inflor- escence; heads 10—11.5 mm long, involucral bracts (11) 13—17 (18), viscidulous, more or less in vertical rows, outer bracts lanceolate- ovate with ciliate margins and long acuminate, herbaceous tips, inner ones broadly lanceolate-elliptic with acuminate tips; disk flowers (4) 5—11 (12), yellow, corollas 9— 10 mm long, lobes 1.4—1.7 mm long, broadly lanceolate, styles variable with stigmatic lines much shorter to slightly longer than the style appendages (27-52% of total style branch length); achenes 8 mm long, pubescent; n = 9 (Fig. 5).---Locally common on open, rocky sites just below timberline, 320 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 9,500 ft, known only from Red Conglomerate Peaks of Idaho-Montana state line (Fig. 6, area M). Aug— Sep. This very local endemic has been considered related to C. parryi SSp. parryi because of its many-flowered heads (Anderson, 1970); actually, individual plants vary in average flower number per head from 5.5 to 9.5. Garden-grown plants maintain their characteristic growth habit and average flower number per head, whereas their inflorescences vary. Plants grown in Logan, Utah, and Claremont, California, generally had larger, racemosely to paniculately branched cymes with somewhat shorter heads. They look more like ssp. howardii or ssp. attenuatus rather than ssp. parryi. The closest relationship seems to be with ssp. howardii from which ssp. montanus differs in having lower shrubs with greener, more viscid foliage, less tomentum in the involucres, and larger flowers that are generally more numerous in each head. Additional specimens examined: Idaho, Clark Co., L. C. Anderson 1022 (FSU, KSC), A. Cronquist 1940 (MO, UTC). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Line drawings were made by Melanie Darst. Dr. Walter Forehand is thanked for assistance with the latin diagnoses. This study was supported by National Science Foundation grant DEB 76-10768. LITERATURE CITED Anderson, L. C. 1966. Cytotaxonomic studies in Chrysothamnus (Astereae, Compositae). Amer. J. Bot. 53:204—212. 1970. Floral anatomy of Chrysothamnus (Astereae, Gompositae. Sida 3:466— 503. . 1971. Additional chromosome numbers in Chrysothamnus (Asteraceae). Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 98:222— 225. Blake, S. F. 1926. Compositae, in P. C. Standley, Trees and shrubs of Mexico. Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 53:204— 212. Hall, H. M. 1919. Chrysothamnus nauseosus and its varieties. Univ. Cait. RubleeBoh. > 721 59—seik , and F. E. Clements. 1923. The phylogenetic method in taxonomy. The North American species of Artemisia, Chrysothamnus and Atriplex. Carnegle Inst. Publ. 326:1— 355. Jones, M. E. 1891. New species and notes of Utah plants. Zoe 2: 236— 252. Rzedowski, J. 1972. Tres adiciones al genero Baccharis (Compositae) en Mexico. Brittonia 24:398— 402. BRAMWELL, D., & Ze WILD FLOWERS OF THE CANARY ISLANDS. A REVIEW Otto & Isa Degener We had planned to attend the botanical symposium last year at the Viera y Clavijo botanical garden in the Canary Islands, and hence cleared our shelves of much good legible but shopworn liter- ature pertaining to Hawaii to mail to Director Bramwell in time for distribution to the assembling delegates. Due to awkward *plane schedules, we at length reluctantly abandoned our flight. Because of our interest. in this fascinating archipelago and our wish to compare it with the Hawaiian one, Dr. David Bramwell and Zo#® I. Bramwell mailed us a complimentary copy of their "Wild Flowers of the Canary Islands." The book we prize was published in 1974 and is extremely rare in the New World and in many countries elsewhere. The intriguing reason is hardly explained by the state- ment that "The edition (was] published by Excmo. Cabildo Insular de Tenerife (Aula de Cultura) in association with Stanley Thornes (Publishers) Ltd, Londone For copyright reasons this edition not for sale in UeK. or in North or South Americae"!!!!! The book, in board cover, comprises X + 261 pages that include 118 carefully drawn illustrations essentially of spermatophytese In addition, the middle binds 64 full-page color plates depicting beautiful, instructive general views and species habitatso The Canary Archipelago resembles the Hawaiian in many respects such as volcanic origin, a wet windward and a dry leeward side, subtropical lowlands and subarctic highlands, and long geologic 4{solatione The former archipelago differs in having had a closer contact. to Africa than the latter ever had to the Americas or Asia. The Canary phanerogam "flora appears to be an ancient sur- vivor of a bygone age." The first 43 pages are of general interest, such as History of Botanical Exploration, Climate, Vegetation Zones, Origin of the Flora, Folklore, and Conservation. Regarding the latter, the wholesale extermination of endemics is about as serious as that occurring in the Hawaiian Islands in this Age of the Bulldozer. The authors conclude that conservation “can only succeed by means of a policy of education," a duty presently somewhat neglected in both archipelagos. It will interest Hawaiian readers especially that the physici- an William Hillebrand (1821-1886), author of the "Flora of the Hawaiian Islands," an excellent work for its time published post- humously in 1888, *"had resided in different parts of Germany *Hillebre, We 1895. Fl. Haw. Isl. Xlle 321 322 PHETOLGGIA Vol. 38, no. and Switzerland [after leaving the Hawaiian Kingdom in 187]] » and was for some years in Madeira and Teneriffe, where he also col- lected extensively." This fact, ignored by the Bramwells in their History, had induced the Swiss botanist Hermann Christ to name Lotus hillebrandii in the collector*s honore A still earlier col- lector in the Canaries, according to the Bramwells, was the botan- ist Pierre Marie Auguste Broussonet (1761-1807), who was French Consul on Tenerife. We in Hawaii are familiar with his name as it is connected with that of the papermulberry or wauke, Brousson= etia papyrifera (L.) Vent. A Hawaiian botanist (not to mention many others) let loose in the Canaries would find few familiar genera excepting perhaps Ar- temisia, Carex, Heliotropium, Ilex, Luzula, Messersehmidia, Plan- tago, Ranunculus, Rubus, Rumex, Smilax, Solanum, Vicia and Viola. A few more genera may appear the same when following published older views that fail to distinguish for example between Dracae- na and Pleomele, a few Caryophylls, and Geranium and Neurophyl- lodes. But familiarity with such plants in the field quickly clears the misconceptione Of almost 600 native species mentioned in keys andor a few lines of description and range not a single species except the nigh ubiquitous fern Asplenium trichomanes Le, Sele, is common to both archipelagose With so many unknowns, a visit to the Canaries would be a fas- cinating experience, especially with a copy of "Wild Flowers of the Canary Islands" at hand. The book is written fortunately for us in English by the Senior Member of the Department of Botany, University of Reading, England. It is not written in Spanish by the same scholar, who is also Director of the botanic garden in the city of Las Palmas (not to be confused with the Island of Las Palma) on Gran Canariae STUDIES IN THE EUPATORIEAE (ASTERACEAE). CLXVIII. ADDITIONS TO THE GENUS AGERATINA. R. M. King and H. Robinson Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560 The genus Ageratina was ressurrected by the authors in 1970 to include nearly 200 species including many that had been among the most poorly understood taxon- omically in the older broad concept of Eupatorium, Since that time a number of species have been described by other authors (Adams, 1971; McVaugh, 1972 and Turner, 1977) and these have been transferred and numerous others described in various papers in this series (King @enopinson, L972, 1974, 1975, 1977a, 1977b). During the Last few years the related group of genera includ- ing Ageratina has become clear. Recent efforts to identify material from various collectors and to pre- pare for floristic treatments has resulted in the re- cognition of a number of new species. The present paper is intended to establish the group of genera including Ageratina as a new subtribe, to describe two new subgenera within Ageratina, to report new synonymy and range extentions and to describe 12 new species. Oxylobinae R. M. King & H. Robinson, subtribus nov. Plantae herbaceae perennes vel frutescentes; folia opposita; squamae involucri eximbricatae vel leniter subimbricatae; corollae in tubis plerumque elongatae, lobis intus plerumque papillosis extus laevibus et sub- carnosis, nervis in lobis fere ad marginem; filamenta in parte superiore elongatae, cellularis inferioribus quadratis numerosis, parietibus leniter vel non ann- ulate ornatis; basi stylorum plerumque nodulosi; rami stylorum papillosi; achaenia prismatica vel fusiformia; carpopodia plerumque distincta, parietibus cellularum subtenuibus firmis; setae pappi saepe facile deciduae interdum breves aut squamiformes. Chromosomata num- erus X = 16-17, 20. Type genus Oxylobus (Moc. ex DC) A. Gray. The subtribe contains 7 genera but excludes Mac- Vaughiella which was associated by King & Robinson — C1990) but which proves a close relative of Stevia instead. 323 32h PHY? O'LO aT sk Vol. 38, no. Key to the genera of the subtribe Oxylobinae 1. Leaves trifoliolate . . Standleyanthus K. & R. 1 sp. l. Leaf blades simple. <. .. © .« 0) <:.» 9) «sy aR 2. Stems thick with fleshy cortex; leaves absent at anthesis . .. . . « » « Pachythamnus, 2ooe eee esp. ae 2. Stems not thickened; not seasonally defoliated. .3 3. Heads with paleae ... . . .-Jaliscoa Watson 3 spp. 3. Heads without paleae. . . «)% « “0c oi tsiueieenee 4. Corolla lobes papillose on outer surface; styles not enlarged near base Spaniopappus B. L. Robinson 5 spp. 4. Corolla Lobes smooth on outer surface; styles usually with basal node . . 2s «| si) «ieee 5. Pappus reduced to short scales Oxylobus (Moc. ex DC.) Gray 5 spp. 5. Pappus of capillary bristles, often fragile. .. 6 6. Carpopodium differentiated with sclerified cells, sometimes lLong-cylindrical; corolla lobes never completely smooth on inner surface Ageratina Spach 242 spp. 6. Carpopodium not differentiated; corolla lobes some- times completely smooth on inner surface. Piptothrix Gray 6 spp. Ageratina Spach subgenus Andinia R. M. King & H. Robin- Son, subgenus nov. Ptantae frutescentes; folia coriacea, nervis plerumque pinnatae; squamae involucri eximbricatae vel leniter subimbricatae; corollae extus glanduliferae vel glabrae, tubis non tenuibus, lobis brevioribus quam faucis intus dense papillosis; basi stylorum leniter nodulosi, rami stylorum valde papillosi; achaenia glandulifera interdum breviter setifera; carpopodia breviter rotundatae, cellulis plerumque quadratis; setae pappi subpersistens. Chromosomatum numerus basicum X = 20. Type species Eupatorium exerto-venosum Klatt Distribution: Venezuela following Ageratina Ageratina geratina King & Robinson, Additions to Ageratina 325 Northern Andes from Colombia and south to Bolivia. The subgenus contains the 38 species. ampla Colombia angustifolia Colombia arbutifolia Colombia aristel Colombia baccharoides Colombia boyacensis Colombia chachapoyensis Peru crassiceps Colombia cuatrecasasii Colombia dendroides Ecuador elegans Colombia exerto-venosa Ecuador, Peru g fastigiata Colombia flaviseta Colombia geratina geratina Ageratina Ageratina Ageratina geratina Ageratina Ageratina Ageratina geratina Ageratina Ageratina geratina geratina geratina eratina Ageratina Ageratina gloeclada Bolivia lyptophlebia Colombia noxides Colombia humboltii Colombia ahnil Venezuela = ez-mirandae Peru macbridei Peru mutiscuensis Colombia nerifolia Venezuela ocanensis Colombia paramensis Venezuela piurae Peru omaderrifolia Colombia opayanensis Colombia prunifolia Ecuador seudochilca Ecuador stevioides Venezuela subferruginea Peru theaefolia Venezuela, Colombia tinifolia Venezuela, Colombia vacinniaefolia Colombia viscosa Ecuador wurdackii Peru latipes Colombia Ageratina Spach subgenus Apoda R. M. King & H. Robinson, subgenus nov. herbacea, Plantae suffrutescentes; folia trinervata; squamae involucri leniter sub- imbricatae; corollae extus glanduliferae, tubis non tenuibus; lobis brevioribus quam faucis intus leniter papillosis; basi stylorum non nodulosi; rami stylorum brevitor papillosi; achaenia glandulifera; carpopodia 326 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. breviter rotundatae, cellulis plerumque quadratis; setae pappi subpersistens. Chromosomatum numerus ignotum. Type species Eupatorium pentlandianum DC. Distribution: Peru and Bolivia. The subgenus con- tains the following 5 species. Ageratina cuzcoensis Peru geratina dombeyana Peru geratina pentlandiana Peru, Bolivia geratina simulans Peru Ageratina stictophylla Peru Three species of Ageratina have been found to have notable range extensions. Ageratina atrocordata(B.L. Robinson) K. & R. of Chiapas is identical in all essen- tial features with the more recently described Ageratina fosbergii K. & R. found in adjacent Guatemala. Ageratina carmonis(Stand. & Steyer.) K. & R. of Guatemala has been found in Mexico in Oaxaca, Trip to Zempoaltepetl, Canon of the Rio Tlahuitoltepec, Feb. 19-27, L937. .,Gemoue ies (NY,US). The species is notable for its extremely Long petioles. Ageratina (Neogreenella) ovilla(Stand. & Steyer.) K. & R. of Guatemala has now been seen from Mexico: Oaxaca: La Esperanza, ca. 5,000', Comaltepec, Ixtlan. 1 March 1970. MacDougall s.n.(NY); Oaxaca: On Mexico 175 heading north to Valle Nacional, 38.8 miles north of Ixtlan de Juarez, 1 Feb. 1971. Stone & Broome 2800 (DUKE). An additional specimen of interest has been seen from Guatemala: Santa Elena, Dept. Chimalten- ango, alt. 2,400-2,700 m., March 25, 1933. °Skurenuso (US). The latter was determined by B. L. Robinson as Eupatorium glabratum HBK a species of central Mexico. Ageratina ovilla is actually most closely related to A. reticulifera(Stand. & L. O. Williams) K. & R. of Costa Rica, which has the small vine Like habit with regularly squarrosely spreading branches. Ageratina almedae R. M. King & H. Robinson, sp. nov. Plantae suffrutescentes vel frutescentes ca. 1m altae. Caules fulvescentes teretes dense hirtelli. Folia opposita, petiolis 10-35 mm longis; Laminae ovatae 4-8 cm longae 2-5 cm latae base breviter obtusae margine serratae vel duplo-serratae apice breviter anguste acuminatae supra et subtus sparse puberulae in nervis et nervulis minute hirtellae fere ad basem distincte trinervatae. Inflorescentiae late multistra- tosae corymbosae, ramis ultimis plerumque 5-10 mm longis dense hirtellis. Capitula 5-6 mm alta et 3-5 mm lata; squamae involucri eximbricatae ca. 16 ca. 2-seriatae Lineari-Lanceolatae plerumque 4 mm longae 0.5-0.7 mm latae margine anguste scariosae apice peranguste acutae squamae exteriores extus distincte bicostatae hirtellae. 1978 King & Robinson, Additions to Ageratina 327 Flores ca. 20-25 in capitulo; corollae albae ca. 3 mm longae, tubis 1.5 mm longis pauce vel non piliferis tenuibus superne non Latioribus, limbis late campanu- latis, faucis ca. 1 mm longis sparse piliferis inferne abrupte constrictis, lobis triangularibus ca. 0.6 mm longis et 0.5 mm Latis extus dense piliferis; filamenta in parte inferiore ca. 0.4 mm longa in parte superiore ca. 0.3 mm longa; thecae ca. 0.6 mm longae; appendices antherarum oblongo-ovatae ca. 0.2 mm longae et 0.15 mm latae; basi stylorum distincte nodulosi; rami stylorum intus in parte superiore interstigmatice et in parte inferiore appendicis pauce glanduliferis; achaenia ca. 1.7 mm longa aliquantum fusiformia in costis breviter setifera; setae pappi ca. 26 plerumque 2.5-2.8 mm lLongae superne vix latiores, setae exteriores paucae 0.1-0.2 mm longae. Grana pollinis ca. 22, in diametro. TYPE: COSTA RICA: SAN JOSE: along route 216, ca. 2-3 kms N of Nubes. Elevation ca. 5,200 ft. Several plants 4+ meter tall, partial shade, flowers white. June 13, 1974. Robert M. King 6777 (Holotype US). Additional specimens seen: COSTA RICA: SAN JOSE: Along route 216, ca. 8 kms generally N of Nubes. Elevation ca. 4,900 ft. HEREDIA: Costa Rica #113 road to Angeles Cerro Redondo (La Cruz). Abandoned footpath at road terminus- wooded slopes adjoined by areas of second growth vegetation. Altitude 1,800-1,900 m 17 April 1971, F. Almeda 452 (DUKE, US). HEREDIA: Volcan Barba, Cerro Chompipe nr. Ermita Sta. Cruz. Collections from boggy marsh at 2,000 m. January 30, 1965, K. Lems 650130-01 (NY). —- Ageratina almedae is among the Costa Rican species with obtuse to acute bases of the leaf blades but is distinctive in the trinervate venation and the densely hirtellous stems and pedicels.The new species is also rather distinctive in the comparatively short throat of the corolla. Ageratina davidsei R. M. King & H. Robinson, sp. nov. Plantae frutescentes 1 m altae. Caules rubrescentes tandem fulvescentes teretes dense puberuli. Folia Opposita, petiolis plerumque 5-10 mm longis; laminae ovatae 3.0-4.5 cm longae et 1.2-2.0 cm latae base ro- tundatae vel breviter acuminatae margine argute ser- ratae apice breviter anguste acuminatae supra sparse Pilosulae subtus pallidiores in nervis et nervulis puberulae, Laminae 3-10 mm supra basem distincte tri- hervatae, nervis secundariis paucis basilioribus tenu- ioribus, Inflorescentiae lLaxe corymbosae, ramis ulti- mis 5-12 mm longis dense puberulis. Capitula 5-6 mm 328 Po SoT'O BOG’ Tak Vol. 38, no. alta et 4-5 mm lata; squamae involucri eximbricatae ca. 10 ca. 2-seriatae oblanceolate plerumque 2.5-3.0 mm longae et superne 1 mm latae margine et apice subscar- iosae apice acutae extus distincte bicostatae sparse puberulae. Flores ca. 30 in capitulo; corollae albae ca. 4 mm longae,tubis 1.5-1.8 mm longis glabris tenui- bus superne non latioribus, lLimbis anguste campanulatis, faucis ca. 1.5 mm longis plerumque glabris inferne abrupte constrictis, lobis triangularibus ca. 0.7 mm longis et 0.55 mm latis extus piliferis; filamenta in parte superiore ca. 0.2 mm longa; thecae ca. 0.7 mm longae; appendices antherarum oblongo-ovatae ca. O22 mm Longae et 0.15 mm Latae; basi stylorum leniter nod- ulosi; rami stylorum intus in parte superiore inter- stigmatice et in parte inferiore appendicis pauce glanduliferis achaenia ca. 1.7 mm longa aliquantum fusiformia in costis setifera; setae pappi ca. 18 plerumque 3 mm longae superne leniter Latiores, seri- ebus exterioribus nullis vel subnullis. Grana pollinis ca. 23 in diametro. TYPE: COLOMBIA: Caqueta: Cordillera Oriental; 29 km SE of Guadalupe along road to Florencia, near divide of mountains, just across HUILA border; cloud forest; elev. 2,300 m. flowers white, shrub 1 m. January 9, 1974. G. Davidse 5622 (HOLOTYPE US, ISOTYPE MO). Ageratina davidsei is a member of the subgenus Ageratina and has some resemblance to the Colombian B. psilodora(B. L.Robinson) K. & R. The latter differs Most obviously by the glabrous stems and the herbaceous habit. The new species is also rather distinctive in the lax inflorescence with small heads having short involucral bracts. Ageratina peracuminata R. M. King & H. Robinson, sp. nov, Plantae herbaceae vel suffrutescentes lLaxae usque ad 1.5 m altae mediocriter ramosae. Caules pallide fuscescentes teretes distincte hirsuti. Folia opposita, petiolis 2-6 cm longis; laminae ovatae vel subdeltoideae 3.5-7.5 cm longae et 2.3-6.4 cm latae base truncatae in medio breviter acuminatae trinervatae margine serratae apice abrupte anguste acuminatae supra sparse pilosae in nervis dense pilosae subtus paLllid- iores in nervis ' et nervulis sparse pilosis, nervulis ultimis non prominulis. Inflorescentiae late subappLa- nate corymbose, ramis ultimis 1-7 mm longis dense pub- erulis. Capitula 4 mm alta et ca. 3 mm lata; squamae involucri eximbricatae ca. 15 ca. 2-seriatae anguste ellipticae 2.5-3.0 mm longae et 0.5-0.7 mm latae margine distincte scariosae apice anguste acutae sub- 1978 King & Robinson, Additions to Ageratina 329 scariosae extus distincte bicostatae puberulae. Flores 16-22 in capitulo; corollae albae 2.0-2.5 mm lLongae, tubis ca. 1 mm longis perangustis superne vix lLatioribus, limbus 1.0-1.5 mm longis anguste campanulatis inferne glabris plerumque lobis triangularibus extus piliferis ca. 0.5 mm longis et 0.4 mm Latis, lLobis exterioribus corollarum exteriorius majoribus usque ad 0.7 mm longis et 0.5 mm latis; filamenta in parte superiore ca. 0.23 mm longa; thecae 0.5-0.6 mm longae; appendices anther- arum oblongo-ovatae 0.15 mm longae et 0.14 mm lLatae; basi stylorum distincte nodulosi; rami stylorum intus in parte superiore interstigmatice et in parte inferiore appendicis glanduliferi, cellulis basilaribus gland- ularum brevibus subscleroides; achaenia ca.1.5 mm longa aliquantum fusiformia in costis et superne dense setifera; setae pappi ca. 18 plerumque ca. 2 mm lLongae superne leniter latiores, seriebus exterioribus 0.05- 0.15 mm longis. Grana pollinis ca. 20u in diametro. TYPE: MEXICO: OAXACA: In brush at edges of mixed pine and deciduous subtropical forest, on the Pacific slope of the Sierra Madre del Sur, not far below the summit, in granitic region, 49 miles north of Puerto Escondido. Elevation about 6,100 ft. Lax shrubs or half-shrubs up to 1.5 m tall. Flowers white. Chromosome no. det by R. C. Jackson as n = ca. 16-17. November 8, 1965. Arthur Cronquist & Mario Sousa 10513 (Holo- type, US). Ageratina peracuminata was distributed under the name Eupatorium (Ageratina) malacolepis B. L. Robinson which is similar in the small size of the heads and flowers. The latter species is considered here to include Ageratina xanthochlora (B. L.Robinson) K. & R. and is characterized by having small glabrous achenes. The new species is also related to A. bustamenta (DC) K. & R.which includes Eupatorium aschenbornianum Schauer. The new species 1s distinguished from both relatives by fewer flowers in the head and by the slightly zygomorphic corollas of the peripheral flow- ers. In general aspect the broad leaves with strongly acuminate tips and the flat-topped inflorescences seem distinctive. Ageratina salicifolia R. M. King & H. Robinson, sp. nov. Plantae frutescentes usque ad 1m altae. Caules atro-rubrescentes teretes glabri vel glabrescentes. Folia opposita, petiolis subnullis; Laminae subcarn- osae lineari-lanceolatae 4-9 cm longae et 0.4-1.5 cm latae base cuneatae margine remote serratae apice 330 P-B.¥:7-0 L.0i:6; i Vol. 38, no. anguste acutae supra et subtus in nervis puberulae supra fere ad marginem pilosulae caetera glabrae sub- tus pallidiores, fere ad basem valde trinervatae, nervis secundariis subparallelis. Inflorescentiae thrysoideo-paniculatae, ramis corymbosis, ramis ultimis tenuibus 7-12 mm longis dense puberulis. Capitula ca. 6 mm alta et 4-5 mm lata; squamae involucri eximbricatae ca. 18 ca. 2-seriatae plerumque 4.0-4.5 mm longae et ca. 0.8 mm Latae margine anguste scariosae apice sub- scariosae acute extus subliter bicostatae exteriores dense minute puberulae. Flores ca. 30 in capitulo; corollae albae ca. 4 mm longae, tubis ca. 2 mm longis piliferis tenuibus superne latioribus, lLimbis anguste campanulatis, faucis ca. 1.5 mm longis sparse piliferis inferne leniter constrictis, lobis triangularibus ca. O.7 mm longis et 0.5 mm latis extus dense piliferis; filamenta in parte inferiore 0.20-0.35 mm longa in parte superiore 0.20-0.25 mm longa; thecae ca. 1 mm longae; appendices antherarum oblongo-ovatae ca. 0.2 mm longae et 0.18 mm latae; basi stylorum leniter nodulosi; appendices stylorum intus inferne pauce glanduliferae; achaenia ca. 2 mm longa aliquantum fusiformia in costis dense setifera; setae pappi ca. 20 plerumque 3.5-4.0 mm longae superne distincte latiores, setae exteriores 0.15-0.50 mm longae. Grana pollinis ca. 23, in diametro. TYPE: MEXICO: DURANGO: Steep narrow ravines in precipitous mountainsides along the Mazatlan-Durango highway 3-15 km toward El Salto from the Sinaloa boundary at El Palmito; pine forest zone, with decid- uous trees in humid ravines; elevation 1.950-2,200 m. Woody herb in clumps, 1 m. high or less; flowers white. 13 April 1965, McVaugh, Baad, Anderson & Laskowski 23,611 (Holotype NY). Ageratina salicifolia is easily distinguished by the narrow subsessile Leaves. The combination of narrow leaves and thyrsoid-paniculate inflorescence provide some resemblance to A. enixa(B.L.Robinson) K. & R. which occurs at high elevations in central Mex- ico, but the Latter is a much smaller plant with dis- tinctive petiolate leaves that are not at all subcar- nose, Ageratina sinaloensis R. M. King & H. Robinson, sp. nov. antae suffrutescentes 1-2 m altae? lLaxe ramosae, Caules rubrescentes tandem fulvescentes teretes hirsuti. Folia opposita, petiolis 2-5 cm longis; Laminae ovatae 5.5-12.0 cm lLongae et 4.8 cm latae base rotundatae et in medio breviter acuminatae 1978 King & Robinson, Additions tc Ageratina 331 Margine serratae vel grosse serratae apice breviter subacuminatae supra sparse pilosae subtus sparse min- ute glanduliferae plerumque in nervis et nervulis pil- osulae fere ad basem valde trinervatae, nervis secun- dariis valde ascendentibus ad basem decurrentibus. Inflorescentiae multistratose corymboso-paniculatae, ramis ultimis plerumque 5-8 mm longis dense puberulis. Capitula ca. 7 mm alta et 4-5 mm Lata; squamae invol- ucri eximbricatae ca. 20 ca. 2-seriatae oblongo-lanceoe- latae plerumque 4-5 mm longae et 0O.7-1.0 mm latae mar- gine anguste scariosae apice anguste acutae extus distincte bicostatae squamae exteriores dense puber- ulae. Flores 30-40 in capitulo; corollae albae 3.5 mm longae, tubis 1.5 mm longis glabris superne non latior- ibus, limbis ca. 2 mm longis ca. 2 mm longis abrupte anguste campanulatis; faucis plerumque glabris, lobis triangularibus ca. 1.0 mm longis et 0.7 mm latis extus piliferis; filamenta in parte inferiore ca. 0.25 mm longa, in parte superiore ca. 0.3 mm longa; thecae ca. 0.7 mm longae; appendices antherarum oblongo-ovatae ca. 0.27 mm longae et 0.18 mm Latae apice rotundatae; basi stylorum distincte nodulosi; rami stylorum intus in parte superiore interstigmatice et in parte inferiore appendicis glanduliferi; achaenia 1.8-2.0 mm longa aliquantum fusiformia in costis et superne dense seti- fera; setae pappi ca. 20 plerumque ca. 3 mm longae superne distincte latiores, seriebus exterioribus sub- nullis. Grana pollinis defectiva. TYPE: MEXICO: SINALOA: Cayon de Tarahumare, Sierra Surotato. Deep wooded canyon; mixed subtropical veg- etation. Elev. 3,000-4,000 ft. March 17-24, 1945. Howard Scott Gentry 7303 (Holotype US). The new species is obviously closely related to the widely distributed A. bustamenta but is in an area beyond the western limits of the distribution of the latter. Ageratina sinaloensis can be distinguished by the large lower leaves and by the notable decurrence of the secondary veins. The lateral veins in Ageratina bustamenta are never decurrent. Ageratina (Andinia) lopez-mirandae R. M. King & H. Rob- inson, sp. nov. Plantae frutescentes ca. 1m altae ? glutinosae. Caules teretes dense glanduliferi et subtomentosi. Folia opposita, petiolis 3-5 mm longis; laminae ellipticae plerumque 2.5-5.0 cm longae et 7-20 mm Latae base acutae margine supra medio minute serru- latae apice breviter acutae supra et subtus glandulo- punctatae supra in nervis et nervulis puberulae subtus in nervis pilosae in nervulis puberulae, nervis secun- ariis paucis irregulariter ascendentibus, nervulis non 332 PHY THO gvOiGra Vol. 38, no. prominulis. Inflorescentiae late corymbosae, ramis ultimis 4-10 mm longis dense glanduliferis et subtomen- tosis, bracteis subinvolucratis numerosis lLinearibus plerumque 11-13 mm longis et ca. 0.5 mm latis glanduli- feris et sparse puberulis. Capitula cas Lb mmvaltager 3-4 mm lata; squamae involucri eximbricatae ca. 10 ca. 2-seriatae lLanceolatae 7-9 mm long et 1.0-1.5 mm latae Margine vix scariosae apice anguste acutae vel acumin- atae extus vix bicostatae dense glandulo-punctatae pub- erulae. Flores 10 in capitulo; corollae albae 7.0-7.5 mm longae, tubis 1.5-2.0 mm longis superne vix lLatioribus extus glanduliferis, faucis 4.5-5.0 mm longis cylindra- ceis inferne leniter constrictis plerumque glabris, lobis triangularibus 0.9 mm longis et 0.5-0.6 mm latis extus sparse glanduliferis interdum pauce piliferis; filamenta in parte superiore ca. 0.6 mm longa; thecae ca. 1.7 mm longae; appendices antherarum oblongo-ovatae ca. 0.40 mm longae et 0.26 mm latae; basi stylorum dis- tincte nodulosi; rami stylorum intus dense glanduliferi, etiam canalis superiore stylorum dense glanduliferis; achaenia 3,0-3.3 mm longa glandulifera et plerumque breviter setifera inferne non vel breviter stipitata; setae pappi 30-40, seriebus exterioribus 0.5-2.0 mm longis, seriebus interioribus plerumque 6-7 mm longis superne non latioribus. Grana pollinis ca. 30, in diametro. TYPE: PERU: LA LIBERTAD: OTUZCO: Cerro Sango (Motil-Shorey) km 106, 3,300-3,400 m. 7-VI-1953, A. Lopez M. 0972 (Holotype US). Additional specimens seen: Peru: La Libertad: Otuzco, alrededores de Chota. 2,850 m 23-IX-73, A. Lopez M. et A. Sagastegui A. 8066, and 8047 (Paratypes US). Ageratina lopez-mirandae is in the same group of species with A. wurdackil and A. prunifolia and shares a similar habit and Leaf shape. The presence of dense- ly glanduliferous style branches with glands in the upper part of the stylar canal also seems to be a feature in the group. The new species is most obvious- ly distinct by the heads subtended by many long linear bracts. The subinvolucral bracts are particularly prominent in less mature material where they exceed the height of the head. The bracts are less evident in over-mature specimens. Other distinguishing characters of the species are the short-petiolate leaves with tomentum on the under surface and the heads with only ten flowers. Ageratina (Andinia) wurdackii R.M.King & H. Robinson, 1978 King & Robinson, Additions to Ageratina 333 sp. nov. Plantae frutescentes vel suffrutescentes 0.3-1.0 m altae glutinosae in caulibus marginis et paginae adaxialis foliorum pedicellis squamis involucri purpureo-tinctae. Caules teretes dense glanduliferi. Folia opposita sessilia vel subsessilia; laminae ellipticae plerumque 2.5-5.5 cm longae et 1.2-2.5 cm latae base acutae margine dense crenulato-serrulatae apice breviter acutae supra et subtus glandulo-punctatae subtus pallidiores, nervis pinnatis, nervulis in retic- ulo minuto distincte prominulis: Inflorescentiae late corymbosae, ramis ultimis 5-25 mm longis minute stip- itato-glanduliferis. Capitula ca. 11 mm alta et 6-9 mm lata; squamae involucri eximbricatae ca. 20 ca.2-seria- tae oblongae vel Late oblanceolatae 7-8 mm longae et 1.5-2.3 mm Latae margine vix scariosae apice obtusae extus non costatae dense glandulo-punctatae. Flores ca. 30 in capitulo; corollae albae 6-7 mm longae, tubis 1.5- 2.0 mm longis superne vix Latiores extus glanduliferis, faucis 4.0-4.5 mm longis cylindraceis inferne leniter constrictis plerumque glabris, lobis ovato-triangular- ibus 0.8-0.9 mm longis et 0.6-0.7 mm latis extus gland- uliferis; filamenta in parte superiore ca. 0.6 mm longa; thecae ca. 1.5 mm longae; appendices antherarum oblongae ca. 0.40-0.45 mm longae et 0.3 mm latae; basi stylorum leniter nodulosi; rami stylorum intus dense glanduliferi etiam canalis superioribus stylorum pauce glanduliferis; achaenia 3.0-3.5 mm longa in costis dense setifera et glandulifera inferne breviter stipitata; setae pappi 30-35, seriebus exterioribus 1.5-2.5 mm longis, seriebus interioribus 3.0-4,5 mm longis superne non latioribus. Grana pollinis ca. 28uin diametro. TYPE: PERU: Chachapoyas: Amazonas: Cerros Calla Calla, east side 19 km above Leimebamba on road to Balsas. Altitude 3,100 m. June 7, 1964, Paul C. Hutch- ison & J. Kenneth Wright 5574 (Holotype US). (Isotype NY). Paratype PERU: Chachapoyas: Amazonas: Middle eastern Calla-Calla slopes, near Kms 416-419 of Leim- ebamba-Balsas road, elevation 2,900-3,100 m July 9, 1962, J.J.Wurdack 1287. Ageratina wurdackii is most easily distinguished by the sessile elliptical leaves and by the rather large heads. Members of the genus with which the new species shares some superficial resemblance are A. prunifolia(H.B.K.) K. & R. of Ecuador which has tomen- tum on the under surfaces of the leaves and on the pedicels, has short petiolate leaves, and has smaller heads with fewer flowers and comparatively Longer pappus setae, and A. crassiceps(B. L.Robinson) K.& R. of Colombia which usually has large heads with long pedicels in small fascicles and has subimbricate 33h, PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. k involucral bracts. Ageratina (Neogreenella) cronquistii R. M. King & H. Robinson, sp. nov. Plantae frutescentes 1.3-2.0 m altae. Caules fulvescentes teretes dense puberuli et glanduliferi. Folia opposita, petiolis 5-10 mm longis; laminae ovatae plerumque 3-6 cm longae et 1L.0- 2.7 cm Latae basi rotundatae margine serrulatae vel crenulato-serratae apice anguste acuminatae supra pub- erulae et glanduliferae subtus glandulo-punctatae in nervis et nervulis puberulae ad basem valde trinervatae nervulis non prominulis. Inflorescentiae thyrsoideo- paniculatae. ramis corymbosis, ramis ultimis 1-7 mm longis dense puberulis. Capitula ca. 9 mm alta et 2 mm lata; squamae involucri eximbricatae ca. 7 ca. 2-seri- atae plerumque ca 4 mm longae et ca. 1 mm Latae margine anguste subscariosae apice subscariosae obtusae extus vix costatae sparse puberulae vel glabrescentes. Flores 5-6 in capitulo; corollae albae 5.5-6.0 mm longae, tubis ca. 2 mm longis glabris superne leniter Latioribus faucis ca. 3 mm longis glabris subcylindraceis inferne leniter constrictis, lobis triangularibus ca. 0.7-0.8 mm longis et latis extus sparse glanduliferis; fila- menta in parte superiore 0.30-0.35 mm longa; thecae ca. 1.5 mm longae; appendices antherarum oblongo-ovatae ca. 0.3 mm longae et 0.2 mm latae; basi stylorum vix nodu- losi; rami stylorum intus in parte interstigmatice et in parte inferiore appendicis glanduliferis; achaenia 2.8-3.0 mm longa non stipitata inferne in costis et superne dense setifera; setae pappi longiores ca. 30 plerumque 3.5-4.0 mm superne vix vel non Latiores, seriebus exterioribus sparsis 0.2-0.8 mm longis. Grana pollinis ca. 25 in diametro. TYPE: MEXICO: DURANGO: Open banks and cliff-crev- ices of felsitic rock in pine forest community on the west slope of the Sierra Madre Occidental, 36 miles WSW of El Salto, and 26 miles NE of El Palmito. Elev. about 8,600 feet. Shrubs up to 2 mtall. Corolla white, the pappus somewhat purplish. 14 November 1965, Arthur Cronguist & Mario Sousa 10542 (Holotype US). Paratype: MEXICO: DURANGO: GL miles SW of El Salto along road to Mazatlan. Pine forest; alt. 9,000-9,500 feet. November 13, 1959, Gentry & Arguelles 18169 (US) distributed as Decachaeta haenkeana DC. Ageratina cronquistii is distinct among the species of the subgenus Neogreenella by the combination of the few-flowered heads and the narrowly acuminate Leaves. The bases of the pappus setae are somewhat reddish in both collections of the new species, and the holotype has distinctly reddish involcral bracts. 1978 King & Robinson, Additions to Ageratina 335 Ageratina (Neogreenella) macvaughii R. M. King & H. Rob- inson, sp. nov. Plantae herbaceae usque ad 1.5 m altae e basi prolificae superne non ramosae. Caules plerumque rubrescentes teretes dense minute stipitato- glanduliferi. Folia opposita, petiolis 2-6 cm longis; laminae late ovatae vel ovatae vel suborbiculares 5-14 em longae et 3.5-11.5 cm latae base leniter cordatae margine serrulatae vel duplo-serrulatae apice breviter acuminatae supra et subtus in nervis et nervulis min- ute breviter stipitato-glanduliferae supra basem con- gestinervatae 1-2 cm supra basem distincte trinervatae, nervulis ultimis in reticulo minuto supra et subtus distincte prominulis. Inflorescentiae late thysoideo- paniculatae, ramis corymbosis, ramis ultimis 2-7 mm longis dense minute stipitato-glanduliferis. Capitula 7-9 mm alta ca. 3-4 mm lata; squamae involucri eximbri- catae, ca. 22 ca. 2-seriatae plerumque 4-5 mm longae et 0.5-0.7 mm latae apice anguste acutae extus distincte bicostatae plerumque stipitato-glanduliferae. Flores ca. 30-35 in capitulo; corollae albae 4.5-5.0 mm longae, tubis ca. 2.0-2.5 mm longis inferne perangustis superne distincte latioribus glabris vel superne stipitato- glanduliferis, limbis infundibularibus ca. 3 mm longis, lobis triangularibus ca. 0.7 mm longis et 0.5 mm latis extus sparse glanduliferis raro minute spiculiferis; filamenta in parte superiore plerumque 0.3-0.4 mm longa; thecae ca. 1 mm longae; appendices antherarum oblongo- ovatae ca. 0.35 mm longae et 0.17 mm latae; basi stylo- rum distincte nodulosi; rami stylorum intus in parte interstigmatice et interdum superne glanduliferi; achaenia ca. 1.5-1.8 mm longa base breviter constricta supra carpopodium in costis distincte setifera; setae pappi ca. 15 plerumque ca. 4 mm longae superne leniter latiores, seriebus exterioribus subnullis. Grana pollinis ca 23 in diametro. TYPE: MEXICO: MICHOACAN: 3-6 km SW of Aserradero Dos Aguas and nearly W of Aguililla. Elevation 2,000- 2,100 m. 25 November 1970, McVaugh, Graham & Stevens 24669 (Holotype US). Paratypes: MEXICO: Mexico: D1is- trict of Temascaltepec: Nanchititla, G.B.Hinton 3079 US, Canada de Nanchititla, 1,800 m, Matuda 31967 US, En barranca, cerca de Amatepec, 1,500 m. Matuda 30031 US. McVaugh identified his specimen no. 24669 as Eupatorium cardiophyllum B. L.Robinson which is similar in appearance and obviously closely related. The latter species occurs in Jalisco to the west of A. macvaughii and differs notably by the leaves which are 336 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. more deeply cordate and trinerved at the base, by the non-prominulous finer nervation, and by coarser glands, larger heads and less hairy achenes. The new species resembles Ageratina petiolaris(DC) K & R but that has glands mixed with hairs on most parts, veins of leaves not prominulous above, blades trinervate from the base, more densely corymbose inflorescences, and more densely setiferous achenes. The reduced number of pappus setae in A. macvaughii would seem rather distinctive but the easily deciduous setae of Ageratina must be counted with caution. Ageratina (Neogreenella) ernstii R. M. King & H. Robin- son, sp. nov. Plantae frutescentes 3 m altae mediocriter ramosae. Caules pallide fuscescentes ter- etes superficialiter subcarnosi sparse minute pilosi. Folia opposita, petiolis 2-6 cm longis; laminae Late ovatae 5.5-10.5 cm longae et 3-8 cm latae base sub- truncatae margine grosse serratae vel interdum duplo- serratae apice breviter acuminatae anguste argutae supra sparse minute pilosae subtus in nervis et nervulis Minute pilosae vel puberulae in axillis nervorum val- idius pilosae, nervis secundariis utrinque ca. 4, binis secundariis 5-13 mm supra basem ascendentioribus, ner- vulis ultimis non prominulis. Inflorescentiae late thyrsoideo-paniculatae, ramis corymbosis, ramis ultimis 7-17 mm longis puberulis et distaliter densius stipitate glanduliferis. Capitula ca. 9-10 mm alta et 5-6 mm lata; squamae eximbricatae ca. 25 ca. 2-seriatae pler- umque 8-9 mm longae et 0.5 mm latae apice longe atten- uatae extus bicostatae dense stipitate glanduliferae. Flores ca. 30-50 in capitulo; corollae albae 5.0-5.5 mm longae glabrae, tubis 2.0-2.5 mm longis plerumque ang- uste cylindriceis superne breviter leniter infundibular- is, Limbis anguste campanulatis ca. 3 mm longis, lobis triangularibus ca. 0.8 mm longis et ca. 0.4 mm Latis; filamenta in parte superiore ca. 0.3 mm longa; thecae ca. 1.2 mm longae; appendices antherarum oblongae vel oblongo-ovatae ca. 0.25 mm longae et ca. 0.19 mm Latae; basi stylorum leniter nodulosi; appendices stylorum non glanduliferae; achaenia ca. 3.5 mm longa base sub- elongata plerumque in costis scabrida superne distincte glandulifera; setae pappi ca. 25 plerumque 4.5 mm longae superne leniter lLatiores, seriebus exterioribus dist- inctis brevibus plerumque 0.2-0.3 mm longis. Grana pollinis ca. 23, in diametro. TYPE: MEXICO: OAXACA: La Soledad, shrub 3 m, fls white, 9 Feb. 1966, W. R. Ernst 2569 (Holotype US). 1978 King & Robinson, Additions to Ageratina 337 See distinctions discussed under Ageratina salvad- orensis. Ageratina (Neogreenella) intibucensis R. M. King & H. Robinson, sp. nov. Plantae frutescentes 1-2 m altae mediocriter ramosae. Caules fuscescentes teretes glabri. Folia opposita, petiolis 2.5-4.0 cm longis; laminae ovatae 5-8 cm longae et 2.0-3.7 cm latae base late acutae margine crenato-serratae vel duplo-crenato- serratae apice subabrupte breviter acuminatae anguste argutae supra sparse minute puberulae vel subglabrae subtus pallidiores obscure sparse glandulo-punctatae, nervis pinnatis, nervis secundariis valde ascendentibus utrinque ca. 4, binis basilaribus et ca. 1 cm supra- basilaribus validioribus ad margines basilaria parall- elis, nervulis non prominulis. Inflorescentiae late thyrsoideo-paniculatae, ramis corymbosis, ramis ultimis 2-7 mm longis puberulis et stipitate glanduliferis. Capitula ca. 0.9-1.0 cm alta et 0.5-0.7 mm lata; squa- mae involucri eximbricatae ca. 20 ca. 2-seriatae sub- aequales 5-7 mm longae et ca. 0.8 mm latae apice acutae extus distincte bicostatae et stipitato-glanduliferae. Flores ca. 45 in capitulo; corollae subrosaceae ca. 5.5 mm longae glabrae, tubis infundubaris ca. 2.5 mm longis inferne perangustatis, superne distincte lLatioribus, limbis Late campanulatis ca. 3 mm Longis, lobis triang- ularibus ca. 1 mm longis et 0.7 mm latis; filamenta in parte superiore ca. 0.4 mm longa; thecae ca. 1.2 mm longae; appendices antherarum oblongo-ovatae ca. 0.3 mm longae et 0.2 mm latae; basi stylorum leniter nodulosi; appendices stylorum non glanduliferae; achaenia 3.5 mm longa base stipitato-elongata in costis scabrida sup- erne dense breviter setifers raro uni-vel pauci-gland- ulifera; setae pappi 20-25 usque ad 4.5 mm longae sup- erne leniter latiores, seriebus exterioribus distinctis brevibus 0.10-0.25 mm longis. Grana pollinis ca. 25, in diametro. TYPE: HONDURAS: INTIBUCA: Cut over cloud forest between Calaveras and El Duraznillo on Cordillera Opalaca. Alt. 1,800 m March 12, 1970, Molina & Molina 25542 (Holotype US). See distinctions discussed under Ageratina salvad- orensis. Ageratina (Neogreenella) salvadorensis R. M. King & H. Robinson, sp. nov. Plantae frutescentes ca. 2 m 338 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. altae mediocriter ramosae. Caules fuscescentes teretes glabri distincte lenticelliferi. Folia opposita, pet- iolis 1-2 cm longis; laminae ovatae 3.5-6.5 ecm lLongae base rotundatae margine subserrulatae apice subabrupte breviter acuminatae anguste argutae supra et subtus in nervis et nervulis sparse minute puberulae subtus pallidiores obscure sparse glandulo-punctatae, nervis secundariis utrinque ca. 4, binis secundariis 5-7 mm supra basem ascendentioribus, nervis et nervulis supra et subtus distincte prominulis. Inflorescentiae Late thyrsoideo-paniculatae, ramis corymbosis, ramis ultimis 6-15 mm longis dense minute puberulis. Capitula 8-9 mm alta et ca. 5 mm lata; squamae involucri exteriores 2-3 lineares pauce puberulae, squamae interiores eximbrica- tae 16-18 ca. 2-3-seriatae subaequales ca. 5 mm longae et 1L.0-1.2 mm Latae apice subcariosae rotundatae vel subobtusae extus distincte bicostatae vel 4-costatae distincte puberulae sparse glanduilferae margine dense puberulae. Flores ca. 17 in capitulo; corollae albae ca. 5.5 mm longae, tubis angustis ca. 2 mm longis; superne non lLatioribus, limbis late infundibularibus ca. 3.5 mm longis, faucis glabris, lobis triangularibus ca. 1 mm longis et 0.6 mm latis extus pauce glanduli- feris et setiferis, setis elongatis tenuibus; filamenta in parte superiore ca. 0.3 mm longa; thecae ca. 1.3 mm longae; appendices antherarum ovatae ca. 0.3 mm longae et 0.17 mm latae; basi stylorum leniter nodulosi; appendices stylorum non glanduliferae; achaenia 2.5 mm longa base brevia plerumque glabra superne pauce seti- fera; setae pappi interiores ca. 25 plerumque ca. 4 mm longae superne leniter latiores, seriebus exterioribus distinctis longis usque ad 0.7 mm longis. Grana poll- inis ca. 25, in diametro. TYPE: EL SALVADOR: SANTA ANA: Elfin woodland at summit of Cerro Monte Cristo, elevation about 7,500 ft, March 19, 1959, Paul H. Allen & Robert Armour 7284 (Holotype US, Isotype NY). Three of the new species A. ernstii, A. intibucen- sis and A. salvadorensis form a related group in the subgenus Neogreenella all sharing a shrubby habit, leaves with strongly ascending pinnate or subtrinervate secondary veins, broadly thyrsoid-paniculate inflores- cences, and non-glanduliferous style branches. Of the three species A, salvadoriensis is the most distinct having shorter petioles, less serrate leaves, distinct- ly prominulous' venation, broader blunter non-glandul- iferous involucral bracts, smaller number of flowers per head, and corolla lobes bearing glands and slender hairs. The other two species share most technical 1978 King & Robinson, Additions to Ageratina 339 Characters and are obviously closely related in spite of wide geographic separation. Ageratina ernstii of southern Oaxaca is distinguished by the more pubescent stems and leaves, by the broader subtruncate leaves with large teeth, by the less ascending basal pair of secondary veins, by the Longer more attenuate tips of the involucral bracts, and by the shorter bases of the achenes. Ageratina itibucensis of Honduras presents a much different aspect with more narrowly ovate leaves having acute bases and small teeth, but can also be distinguished by the long attenuate base of the achene. Ageratina (Neogreenella) subinclusa (Klatt) R.M.King & H. Robinson, comb. nov. Eupatorium subinclusum Klatt, Leopoldina 20:75. 1884]. Re-examination using additional characters seems to verify the synonymy given by B. L. Robinson (1925). As such the name takes priority over Eupatorium sub- penninervium Klatt which was published in a later fas- cicle of the same article. References Adams, C. D. 1971. Miscellaneous additions and revisions to the flowering plants of Jamaica III. Phytologia 21: 405-410. King, R. M. & H. Robinson 1970. Studies in the Eupat- orieae (Compositae). XIX. New combinations in Ageratina . Phytologia 19: 208-229, & 1972. Studies in the Eupatorieae (Aster- aceae). LXXXV, Additions to the genus Ageratina with a key to the Costa Rican species. Phytologia 24: 79-104, & 1974. Studies in the Eupatorieae (Aster- aceae). CXXVIII. Four additions to the genus Ageratina from Mexico and Central America. Phyto- ogila 28: 494-502. & 1975. Studies in the Eupatorieae (Aster- aceae), CXXXIV. A new species of Ageratina from Panama. Phytologia 29: 347-350. & 1977a. Studies in the Eupatorieae(Aster- aceae). CLXIV. Various notes and additions. Phytologia 37: 455-460. 3L0 PHYTO L060 :¢ Ih Vol. 38, no. & 1977b. Studies in the Eupatorieae (Aster- aceae). CLXII. New species and combinations from Venezuela. Phytologia 35:497-504, McVaugh, Rogers 1972. Compositarum Mexicanarum Pugillus Contr. Univ. Mich. Herb. 9:359-484, Turner, Billie Lee 1977. New species of Eupatorium (Asteraceae) from northcentral Mexico. Wrightia 5(9) = 352-354: Acknowledgement This study was supported in part by the National Science Foundation Grant DEB77-13457 to the senior author. 1978 King & Robinson, Additions to Ageratina 31 UNITED STATES 2735165 NATIONAL HERBARIUM EE almedae R.M.King & H.Robinson, Holotype, United States National Herbarium. Photos by Victor E. Krantz, Staff Photographer, National Museum of Natural History. 3h2 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. Ageratina davidsei R.M.King & H.Robinson, Holotype, United States National Herbarium. 1978 2586445 A King & Robinson, Additions to Ageratina 3h3 HERBAMUM OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Pianta of MEXICO Eupatoriim malacolepis fobins. Lax ehrubs or hs Flowers white. Jackson as n *= Arthur Cronquist and Mario Sousa 10513 Novenber Ageratina peracuminata R.M.King & H.Robinson, Holotype, niter States National Herbarium. 3hh PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. a PLANTS OF DURANGO patorium ; ~ LE. re t unny rocks in seepage are E " 1 0 < ee dy herd i 1 1 high ~ Ps 1 lower it ~ a ¥~u Ageratina salicifolia R.M.King & H.Robinson, Holotype, New York Botanical Garden. 1978 King & Robinson, Additions to Ageratina 35 YeLsé dee KM. Kino aod M, Rosimwon jg > 7 UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 4 - =e eratina sinaloensis R.M.King & H.Robinson, Holotype, United States National Herbarium. 346 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. HERBARIO LOPEZ MIRANDA Plantas Peruanas Vp agian, tt & / Ageratina lopez-mirandae R.M.King & H.Robinson, Holotype, United States National Herbarium. 1978 King & Robinson, Additions to Ageratina 37 d set USM, US, F, NY, MO, K ae ERC aI Scale . els, st < ear « faces ‘ ¢ , headed purslish. i, aa = <1, UC NATIONAL HERBARIUM erminer's se Duphrcater Ageratina wurdackii R.M.King & H.Robinson, Holotype, United States National Herbarium. 348 PHI TOLDOG DPA Vol. 38, no. HERBARIUM OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Plants of MEXICO Cupatorium aff. collodes Robins. § Greenm. pen banks and cliff-crevices of pine forest community on he Sierra Madre Occiden fi we uthwest of El Salto ind 26 miles northeast of £1 Palmito. levation about 68600 feer. 265 4571 } hrubs up to about 2? m tall, corella white, the pappus somewhat purplish. ori isa 10542 16 November 1965 eratina cronquistii R.M.King & H.Robinson, Holotype, United States National Herbarium. 1978 King & Robinson, Additions to Ageratina 3h9 UNITED STATES 2704475 NATIONAL HERBARIUM Ageratina macvaughii R.M.King & H.Robinson, Holotype, United States National Herbarium. 350 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 2751966 Ageratina ernestii R.M.King & H.Robinson, Holotype, United States National Herbarium, 1978 King & Robinson, Additions to Ageratina 351 eratina intibucensis R.M.King & H.Robinson, Holotype, United States National Herbarium. 352 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. EL SALVADOR NACIONAL DE AGRONOMI/ eratina salvadorensis R.M.King & H.Robinson, Holotype, United States National Herbarium. I>i> Fi ; ’ one eta Py ae Ae yn # titprdraean Enlargements of heads of Se Top left: almedae. Top right: A. davidsei. Bottom left: peracuminata. Bottom right: A. salicifolia. 35h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. OEE AM AM RR rrr. ss ee 8 Enlargements of heads of Ageretina. Top left: A. sinaloensisS. Top right: A. lopez-mirandae. Bottom left: A. wurdackii. Bottom right: A. cronquistii. Enlargements of heads of Ageratina. Top left: A. macvaughii. Top right: A. ernstil. Bottom left: A. intibucensis. Bottom right A. salvadorensis. STUDIES IN THE SENECIONEAE (ASTERACEAE). VIII. A NEW SPECIES OF PSACALIUM FROM MEXICO Harold Robinson Department of Botany Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC., 20560. A specimen from Oaxaca, Mexico, collected by John Beaman in 1960 represents an undescribed member of the tribe Senecioneae. The preserved material shows some flowers with a reddish color, but the species is not closely related to the red-flowered species that form a distinctive subgroup of Senecio in Mexico. The new Species is, on the contrary, Cacalioid with continuous stigmatic surfaces on the inner sides of the style branches and with undifferentiated cells in the Lower part of the anther collars. The species has the leaves clustered at the base, the corolla lobes separated to the base of the Limb, and the endothecial cells thickened along the lateral walls as in the genus Psacaliun. Psacalium beamanii HRobinson, sp. nov. Plantae herbaceae acaulescentes. Folia omnino basilaria simplices, petiolis 6-10 cm longis base late vaginatis caetera sensim anguste alatis uztrinque lanosis; Laminae oblongo-ellipticae 10-14 cm longae et ca. 4.5 cm latae base breviter acutae margine integrae vel leniter subsinuatae apice rotundatae supra per- Sparse pilosae inferne in nervis primariis lanosae subtus ubique dense Lanosae, nervis pinnatis, nervis secundariis valde ascendentibus. Inflorescentiae scaposae paucicapitatae, scapis 15-20 cm longis dense lanosis aliquantum glabrescentes, pedicellis 1.5-3.5 em longis lanosis. Capitula ca. 10-13 mm longa et 7-8 mn lata breviter cylindrica; bracteae calyculi ca. 3-4 lineares 8-11 mm longae subevanescentiter lanosae; bracteae involucri lavandulae ca. 12 biseriatae oblongo- ellipticae 8-9 mn longae et 2.0-2.5 mn Latae margine indistincte scariosae apice breviter acutae extus subevanescentiter pilosae. Flores ca. 20-25 in capit- ulo; corollae in sicco rubrotinctae glabrae 7.9-7.5 mm longae superne ad tubum profunde divisae, tubis 2.8- 3.3 mm longis, Lobis lineari-lanceolatis 4.0-4.5 mm longis et ca. 0.7 mm latis; filamenta in parte super- iore ca. 0.3-0.4 mm longa; thecae ca. 2 mm lLongae, 356 1978 Robinson, New species of Psacalium 357 cellulis endothecialibus lateraliter noduliferis; appendices antherarum ovatae ca. 0.7 mm longae et 0.3 mm latae apice subobtusae; rami stylorum intus ubique stigmnatiferi; achaenia 4.5-5.9 mm longa 10-costata glabra; setae pappi ca. 30 uniseriatae remotae facile deciduae breves ca. 1 mm longae scabrae subapice plerumque 30-35 pp latae. Grana pollinis 35-40 p in diametro valde spinosa. TYPE: MEXICO: Oaxaca: Llano de las Flores on the Oaxaca-Valle Nacional highway 20 kilometers east of Ixtlan; ca. 2870 m alt.; in wet meadow of low grasses and forbs; frequent. 22 July 1960. John H. Beaman 3697 (Holotype, US). The reduced pappus of Psacalium beamanii is distinctive but a few other species of Psacalium (Robinson & Brettell, 1973) have a pappus short or lacking. The new species is not very typical of the genus Psacalium, and the reddish flowers differ from the white-flowered condition found in all other species. The inflorescence is short but without congested or subfasciated primary branching, and the leaves are not peltate. As such the plant might be close to P. paucicapitatum (8.L.Robins.& Greenm. ) H.Robins.& Brettell. e latter is another rather distinctive member of the genus also from Oaxaca, but it is easily distinguished by the pinnately lobed leaves and the fully developed pappus. Literature Cited Robinsen, H. and R. D. Brettell 1973. Studies in the Senecioneae (Asteraceae). III. The genus Psacalium. Phytologia 27 (4): 254-264. 358 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. j L A, fiton Dear a) 1 {C4 j a 4 + somined for @ sfud chon oe tebe Se ae } 2 vn. VLANTS OF MENTIOO 2575255 Heal Darlington tterbartum MICHIGAN STATE DNIVERSITY Psacalium beamanii H.Robinson, Holotype, United States National Herbarium. Photos by Victor E. Krantz, Staff Photographer, National Museum of Natural History. BOOK REVIEWS Alma L, Moldenke "TRAVELS INTO NORTH AMERICA" by Peter Kalm, translated into English by John Reinhold Forster, xxiv & 51h pp., 1 color frontispiece, 2 fold-in maps & 2h b/w illus., Imprint Society, Barre, Massachusetts 01005. 1972. $47.50 slip-cased. This is a superbly prepared book on all scores. The illustra- tions are made from the originals at Yale University and the Amer- ical Philosophical Society from such as R. Peale, Bachman and Catesby. You will love the Audubon color plate of Cuvier's regulus on Kalmia latifolia. The introduction by Ralph M. Sargent explains that Kalm's trip was sponsored by the Swedish Academy of Science under the aegis of Linnaeus "to gather scientific infor- mation on all natural resources of the colonies, and to obtain plants and learn practices which could enhance the economy of Swedish Finland to whose university he had been appointed profes- sor of oeconomy." Sargent is indeed correct in stating "To read Kalm today, hence, is to travel the countryside, visit the cities, navigate the rivers of the pre-revolutionary middle English and eastern French colonies with the eyes of a scientif- ically trained, practical-minded northern European.....[as] ad- dressed to the avid curiosity of Kalm's European contemporaries" and a large number of doctoral students for years to come, The first descriptive journal entry is for August 5, 178 and tells of boarding the "Mary Gally" at Gravesend with his garden- er-servant Lars Yungstroem; the last is for October 5, 179 and tells of his seed—laden departure from Montreal. There is left in between these two entries so much of interest and value for you to read. "GENETICS, EVOLUTION, AND MAN" by W. F. Bodmer & L. L. Cavalli- Sforza, xviii & 782 pp., 383 b/w illus., W. H. Freeman & Company, San Francisco, California 910). 1976. $1.95. This is a well-prepared text usable as the main or supplement- ary text or source book for courses in genetics, human genetics, allied fields and interested, educated readers. The diagrams, charts and other illustrations are effectively and helpfully instruetional — an outstanding characteristic of this press for all of its publications. The appendix handles most of the "math" in its genetic applications of probability and statistics. The text is developed four—parted: lst for the mechanisms of inheritance, 2nd for population genetics, 3rd for complex traits and the nature-nurture problem including behavioral genetics and th for evolution, human welfare and society including develop- 359 360 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. ment of modern man, racial differentiation, genetic disease and social aspects of medical genetics. Each of the twenty-two chapters is well organized and provided with summaries and impor— tant (not repetitive pedantic) questions. "A JOURNEY FROM PENNSYLVANIA TO ONONDAGA IN 173" by John Bartram, Lewis Evans & Conrad Weiser, 133 pp., 13 b/w illus., Imprint Society, Barre, Massachusetts 01005. 1973. $35.00 slip- cased. This charmingly prepared book is illustrated by a facsimile of Evans' 1755 fold-out Map of the British Middle Colonies in Ameri- ca with the journey route superimposed. Conrad Weiser, province interpreter or ambassador to the Indians and a Mohawk by adoption was dispatched to Onondaga, council seat of the Six Nations (then five) on a peace-seeking mission and was accompanied by the self- taught botanist John Bartram and the draftsman-surveyor Lewis Evans. Each kept a journal, each stressing his specific inter- ests and suffering the ravages of time. Consequently it is good to have this material available again, and in such attractive format. Bartram's "Observations® are copied from the London 1751 edition with typographical errors "silently" corrected. Weiser reports the details of treaty settlement that few, if any, others could have achieved. Evans describes the land traversed and the excellent map. There can be no doubt as to who wrote: "Now we have come to the most excellent level ground, than which nothing can be more fruitful, full of tall timber, sugar maple, birch, linden, ash and beech, and shrubs as opulus, green maple, hornbeam, hamamelis, solanum, gooseberries and red currants, triphilum in abundance." "THE STRATEGY OF LIFE", Second Edition by Clifford Grobstein, vi & 17h pp., 90 b/w illus., W. H. Freeman & Company, San Francis- co, California 9410). 197). $4.95 clothbound, $2.95 paper- bound. Like the outstanding first edition of a decade earlier, this synoptic analysis is a well-honed and stimulating "statement about life — where it came from, what its nature is, and what premon- ition we have of its future [through] the indomitable force of life" on this bioplanet. "Life is characterized by a hierarchy of order, with webs with- in webs of structure and functional control — ranging from the mimute intricacy of atoms and molecules to the communication sys- tems of man that now extend beyond the earth....Life conserves its properties, despite constant turnover of all components, through the ability to produce like from like at all levels". Occasional error provides variation that allows adaptation and subsequently the marvelous diversity of life progressing from one level of com plexity to higher ones that depend still upon the simpler ones. PHYTOLOGIA Designed to expedite botanical publication March 1978 No. 5 CONTENTS _ DEGENER, O., DEGENER, I.,& HUMMEL, K.., Aleurites erratica Deg., Deg. ~ & Hummel sp. nov. * (Euphorbiaceae) des Stillen Ozeans...... 361 a WARD, D. B., Keys to the flora of Florida—6, Aletris (Liliaceae) ...... 365 SHALL, J.S., & SEYMOUR, F. C., Combretaceae in Nicaragua ....... 369 - MOLDENKE, H. N., Notes on new and noteworthy plants. CVIII ..... 384 { MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the genus Lippia. IV........ 385 ST. JOHN, H., New ‘combinations in Hawaiian Curcurbitaceae. Hawaiian ‘ plant LEE SAG co RS, A Seon Mr lary te eek CAMEL Seely Te Aa ae 407 : Watet em. W.A.. Notes on the flora of Samoa ......:....006++- 409 ROBINSON, H. , Studies in the Heliantheae (Asteraceae). IX. Restoration oe the anes ATOTSICTIAUNG 8, 00. eS oe oR RIS yen inser. 411 j ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Heliantheae (Asteraceae). X. The relation- i ship ‘of ISVS Ta |] RS gaa aS he ANRar ting Cee aE ahr aS ge en 413 4 ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Heliantheae (Asteraceae). XI. A new genus K Sreanthus COR aR EO SFR ee ST See Tie 415 KING, R. M., & ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae). CLXIX. Two new species of the Fleischmannia from Guate- ee on eto, ey eo cc ihc Meda a wie ee ey 417 _KING, R. M., & ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae). CLXX. Additions to the BENUS INCOCADTCNIO® .S oie ent oR 424 _MOLDENKE, BEEP ROO RAECVICWS 5) ote 3) oo Woe a oe oth. 2 eae beer ie hah 429 Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 303 Parkside Road Plainfield, New Jersey 07060 US.A. Price of this number $2; per volume $9.75 in advance or $10.50 after close of the volume; 75 cents extra to all foreign addresses; 512 pages constitute a volume; claims for numbers lost in the mails must be made immediately after receipt of the next following number. ALEURITES ERRATICA DEG., DEG. & HUMMEL SP. NOV., (EUPHORBIACEAE) DES STILLEN OZEANS Otto & Isa Degener und K. Hummel History repeats itself, but this time in a minor way. The double-coconut or Lodoicea maldivica (Gmel.) Pers., is known from time immemorial as jetsam along the coasts of India and the Maldive Islandse As commonly found, it is a drupe up to 3 dm. long and 8 dm. in circumference, and has a two-lobed apex and base. Whence such propagules had come and from what plant. was long a mystery. None could grow to produce a seedling for identi- fication as, to become light enough to float from their place of growth, their fruits had been freed of their heavy seed by decay. Though imperfectly known, F. Pyrard described the fruit or per= haps the endocarp in 1611 in his "Discours du Voyage des Francais aux Indes Orientalise" Only after the Seychelles had beem dis- covered in 1743 by Mahé de la Bourdonnmais was the mystery sure rounding it solvede This large disseminule came from a palm growing on the Islands of Praslin and Curieuse of that archipel- agoe The drupe is certainly not the largest fruit in the Plant Kingdom = a common pumpkin (Curcubita pepeo Le) may exceed it in size - but its seed is certainly the largesto As botanical consultantsrfor the Federal Aviation Administra- tion in the winter of 1957-58, we Degeners spent some time on Can= ton Atoll, Phoenix Group, in the Pacific Ocean just. north of the Equator. Durihg our spare time we amassed a representative cole lection of the hundreds of thousands of propagules that winter storms had piled up on its twelve mile long, porkchop-shaped beach. Of the hundred or so species collected, Deg. & Deg. Noe 24,627 intrigued us particularly. This rather uniform seed was abundant along the beach - probab-= ly tons of them. All were black like the seeds of the kukui or Al- eurites moluccana Willde, after the latter have been exposed to the elements and particularly to the mud of a taro patche Our novelty has the general shape of the common kukui, yet is conspicuously different in superficially resembling a husked walnut in its longi- tudinally furrowed "shell" or testa. Though sets of the Canton Atoll collectiom for a few decades have been on deposit at the New rork Botanical Garden and have been widely distributed to botanical insti- tutions throughout the World, no one has been able to identify Noe 24,627. This find was listed first in *1974, and again listed and rig- ured in **1976. As in the case of the. wandering double-coconut, we have the temerity of describing this wandering kukui as a new species. *Degener, Oc, & Ie Flotsam and Jetsam of Canton Atoll, South Pacifice Phytologia 28(4):405-418. 1974. **Gunn, C.R.e, & Dennis, J.V. World Guide Trop,Drift Seeds and Fruits. Pp. 100, 101. 19766 361 2 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 5 Not properly equipped for microscopic work, we turned to *Prof. Dr. Dr. Karl Hummel of the Institut. fuer Biologie, Tueb-= ingen, (W.) Germany for help. The present bilingual, coauthored paper is the result. The reader should note that the seed was first listed (Dege, O., & Ivy ibide,pe408)as "Aleurites sp. nov. ? with walnut-marked seed, D. & D. 24,627." One particular seed thus numbered, deposited in the above institute, is the holo- type; while, with a "loooong” stretch of the imagination, sim- {lar seeds that had wandered from some unknown region, had been cast on the atoll*s shore and been gathered at the same time, are "pseudoisotypese" Seeds of **Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd., and of ***A. moluccana var. remyi (Sherff) B.C. Stone, both collected in the Hawaiian Islands; and those of the unknown taxon, collected as jetsam on Canton atoll, are compared. Differences induce us to describe the latter as: ALEURITES ERRATICA Dege, Dege & Hummel, Spe nove Semen ir-= regulariter plus minus profunde infossus aut numerosis paral- lelis costiformibus sive incurvis et raniformibus accljvitate ibus signatum. Testa perspicue (Circiter tertia parte) tenuior quam testa A. moluccanae et A. m. Var. remyi. Quad ad testae cellas pertinent, palisado-sclereidum parietes minus incras- sati et canalibus conspicue visilibus praediti sunte Die Oberflaeche des Samens von Aleurites erratica hat regel- maesige parallele rippenartige Erhebungen, zwischen denen deut- lich abgesetzte Rinnen verlaufen (Abb. 1); oder die erhebungen sind gekruemmt und verzwaigt oder die Samenschale weist starke unregelmaessige Vertiefungen auf. Die Samen von Ae moluccana und A. m. var. remyi sind mehr oder weniger glatt bis leicht ge- furcht (Abb. 2 & 3)e Die Hartschicht der Samenschale, die den weitaus groessten Teil der Samenschale bildet, ist bei A. erra- tica in zweifacher Hinsicht deutlich schwaecher ausgebildet als bei A. moluccana und As. me vare remyie Die Zellenwaende der Pa- lisadensklereidem, welche die Hartschicht bilden, sind bei A. moluccana und der Varietaet remyi staerker verdickt und ihre Tuepfelung ist oft nur unvollstaendig sichtbar (Abb. 4 & 5), waehrend die Palisadensklereiden von A. erratica ein etwas weiteres Lumen besitzen und die Waende von breiteren Tuepfel- kanaelen durchsetzt sind (Abb. 6). Frau Deml danken wir bestens fuer die Anfertigung mikrose kopischer Schnitte, Herrn Dr. Deml und Frau Thumm fuer mikroe photographische und photographische Aunahmene *"Prof, Dr. Dre", is the proper title. **Degener, O. Plants Haw. Nate Park, 193-199. 1930. ***Sherff, E.E. Field Mus., Bot. Ser. 17:558. 19393 Deg. & Deg. Fl. Haw. 190; Aleurites; Remyi 12/27/57; Stone, BeC. Pace Sce 21 (4):553. 19673; Deg. & Deg. Some Aleurites Taxa in Haw. - = -. Phytologia 21(5):316~. 1971. 1978 O. & I. Degener & Hummel, Aleurites 363 Should the reader not like our considering this errant kukui a distinct species, he can lump ite This study, resembling one based on a fossil find, should alert botanists and foresters in the South Pacific to watch for the mysterious tree that is res- ponsible for these ornamental seeds wandering about on ocean currents. Precisely what is the tree Aleurites erratica like, and where is it native? We are so curious! Abb. 1. A. erratica X 1.2; Abb. 6, Pali- sadenskleriden der Samenschale X 3,0006 6h PHYTOLOGIA m Abb. 2. A. moluccana Se Sey * X 1.3; Abb. 4. Palisaden- we sleriden X 3,000. Abbe 3+ Ae Moy vare remyi X 1; Abbe 5. Palisadenskerliden X ; 3,000. Keys to the Flora of Florida -- 6, Aletris (Liliaceae) : Daniel B. Ward Department of Botany, Agricultural Experiment Station University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla. ABSTRACT: An amplified key is presented to the 4 species of Aletris (Liliaceae) recognized for Florida. Aletris aurea is seen to occur only in the Florida Panhandle, A. obovata in the eastern Panhandle and northern Peninsula, A. bracteata in extreme southern Florida, and A. lutea throughout. Aletris farinosa is treated as distinct, and is excluded. The authorship of A. obovata is determined to be Nash ex Small. Plants of Aletrts are among the more conspicuous and appealing members of the associations in which they occur, and are often col- lected. The many resulting specimens probably reflect the distri- bution of the species with considerable fidelity. As the following key implies, the four Florida species are readily separated by the use of appropriately selected characters. Yet a significant num- ber of Aletris specimens have been found to be misidentified, and often a species is assigned a distribution well outside its true range. The presence of hybrids between A. lutea and A. obovata, which have been well documented by Sullivan (Brittonia 25:294-303. 1973), is undoubtedly a factor, as is the possible presence of white-flowered specimens of A. lutea which simulate the more north- ern A. farinosa. But one must speculate that a major cause of the poor understanding of this genus is simply the key provided by the dominant guide to plants of the Southeast, that of J. K. Small (Manual of the Southeastern Flora, 1933). Small chose to put initial emphasis in his key on two factors, shape of the perianth and degree of adnation of the filaments. The first of these was deceptively phrased, for the obovoid shape of the perianth of A. obovata is not particularly marked, at least in contrast with A. aurea, and changes with age to ovoid or pyriform with shrinkage of the upper portion and distension of the lower portion by the expanding capsule, as do all species of the genus. Filament adnation is even less satisfactory, for the lesser adna- tion imputed to A. obovata appears not to be so, or at least cannot readily be discerned. Discoloration of the perianth with age, either in the field or after collection, can obscure the yellow color that is so useful a diagnostic character. Whether the cap- sule is "short-beaked," "abruptly-beaked," "gradually—-beaked," or "long-beaked,"' although the character does differ among the species, is difficult to ascertain with non-fruiting specimens or in the absence of comparative materials. 1 This paper is Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series No. 805. 365 366 PHTTOSOTLOaTA Vol. 38, no. 5 In northern Florida, and indeed to a lesser extent throughout the state, a proportion of collections was found to be identified as Aletris farinosa L. This species is usually reported as having a range that extends southward into Florida (Nash, Torreya 3:101- 102. 1903; Small, 1933; Fernald, Gray's Manual, 1950; etc.). Yet no plants from Florida so labeled have been found to be of this species. Prior to the recognition of A. obovata in 1903, white- flowered plants from northern Florida were routinely identified as A. farinosa. Occasional collections of A. lutea -—- again, mostly collected before that species was recognized in 1899 -- have passed as A. farinosa, a misidentification perhaps easier to make once the specimens have aged and the distinctive yellow color has faded. And Browne (Rhodora 63:304-305. 1961) has described and named a white-flowered form of A. lutea (f. albtflora E. T. Browne) that closely simulates A. farinosa (being best distinguished, apparent- ly, by the absence of the typical A. farinosa semi-epigyny); this form has not been specifically identified in Florida, but if pres- ent, may assist in accounting for collections from this state named A. farinosa. In the absence of unequivocal Florida specimens of A. farinosa, the species is best omitted from the state's flora. The relationship of Aletrts farinosa to A. bracteata Northrop is very close. This latter species is known only from Andros (where first discovered), Abaco, and southern Florida (southern Dade County and Big Pine Key, Monroe County). Mrs. A. R. Northrop (Mem. Torrey Bot Club 12:27-28. 1902) originally separated her new species from A. farinosa on the basis of "grayish-green longer and narrower leaves, with a more rigid apex, the longer bracts and the broadly flattened style." Small (1933) saw it as separated by a less granular perianth and a more conic capsule-body. Yet without the guidance to identification that is provided by the disjunct ranges, A. bracteata and A. farinosa would inevitably be separated with uncertainty. A minor point concerns the authorship of Aletrts obovata. This species is usually attributed to George V. Nash who in a 1903 paper in Torreya (3(7):101-102) published a detailed account of his discovery, with J. K. Small, of this species in pine lands in the vicinity of Jacksonville, Florida. Nash's description was full and unmistakable. The following issue of Torreya (no. 8) recorded the date of publication of the previous number as July 25, 1903. Small's Flora of the Southeastern United States, ed. 1, con- tained a brief five-line description of Aletrts obovata (p. 286), suggesting by many of its measurements and phrases that it had been derived (with modifications) from Nash's longer text. It was credited by Small wholly to Nash; the appendix to the Flora, where Small's new species and combinations were listed, did not contain mention of this Aletris. 1978 Ward, Aletris 367 Small's Flora contained his preface dated July 22, 1903. The imminent publication of this massive work was announced in Torreya 3(7), and a review was provided in the next issue, 3(8), with the date of publication cited as July 22, 1903. Barnhart's authorita- tive Bibliography of John Kunkel Small (1935) dated the Flora as July 22, 1903. Stafleu's Taxonomic Literature (1967) noted that copies were received at Kew in September, 1903, and at the British Museum in October, but that Small in a letter to Hitchcock in the US copy, stated that his book was actually available on the date of the preface. There seems to be no question that Small intended the publica- tion of Aletris obovata to be attributed to Nash. Yet there appears no room to dispute that by the caprice of the printer's devil, Small's work antedated that of Nash by three days. Since full cita- tion of authorship, as A. obovata Nash ex Small, retains the names of both men responsible for the discovery of this plant, there appears to be no consequential reason for regret that the Interna- tional Code in this instance is such an impersonal and inflexible arbiter of proper nomenclatural usage. ALETRIS L. Colic-roots 1. Flowers narrowly cylindrical in anthesis, the length 2.5 times or more the width; sepal and petal tips spreading. 2. Perianth yellow, 7 - 9 mm. long; rosette many-leaved, yellow- green; at least some leaves to 9 cm. long; perennial scapose herb; frequent in wet soil of low pine flatwoods, savannahs, and roadside ditches; throughout Florida (except (1) the Florida Keys, where replaced by A. bracteata, (2) between the Suwannee and Aucilla Rivers, and (3) perhaps Okaloosa County westward). [A white-flowered form (f. albiflora E. T. Browne) has been collected elsewhere (Georgia) and is to be expected with the species in northern Florida. Frequent hy- brids are to be found where this species grows near A. obo- vata; these usually have a perianth cream in color and inter- mediate in shape between that of the two parents. They have been designated A. X tottenitt E. T. Browne.] March - May. YELLOW COLIC-ROOT. A. lutea Small 2. Perianth white, 6 - 7 mm. long; rosette few-leaved, gray- green; leaves seldom beyond 7 cm. long; perennial scapose herb; local, rocky pineland, southern Dade County and Big Pine Key, Monroe County. March - May. A. bracteata Northrop 1. Flowers broadly cylindrical, campanulate, or obovoid in anthesis, the length 2 times or less the width; sepal and petal tips erect to incurved. 368 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 5 3. Perianth yellow, 5 - 6 mm. long; perianth fully open at apex, the sepal and petal tips erect; rosette small, the leaves to about 5 cm. long; perennial scapose herb; in- frequent, low grassy flatwoods and savannahs; central and western panhandle Florida (east to Liberty and Gadsden counties). April - June. A. aurea Walt. 3. Perianth white, 5.5 - 6.5 mm. long; perianth partially closed at apex by incurving sepal and petal tips; rosette small, the leaves to about 7 cm. long; perennial scapose herb; frequent in moist but usually well drained sandy soils of pine flatwoods, roadbanks, and grassy savannahs; northern peninsular Florida and eastern panhandle (west to Liberty County, south to Citrus and Flagler counties). [Frequently hybridizing with A. lutea, q. v.] May - June (August). WHITE COLIC-ROOT. A. obovata Nash ex Small Excluded Species Aletrits farinosa L. Mealy Colic-root. This northern species has frequently been reported for Florida, but specimens so labeled have been found to be either A. obovata or A. lutea. It closely resembles A. bracteata of South Florida but shows a greater degree of perianth - ovary adnation. COMBRETACEAE IN NICARAGUA Judith S. Hall! and Frank C. Seymour # The Combretaceae are the family selected by Judith S. Hall for taxonomic study in a graduate course in the University of Florida. The results of her study are published here as a part of the series in Phytologia by Frank C. Seymour on the flora of Nicaragua. By far the greater part of the text was written by Miss Hall. However, as the paper was not finished at the con- clusion of the course, it has been completed by Mr. Seymour as joint author. We wish to express our thanks to Dr. Willard W. Payne and to Dr, Daniel B. Ward and his staff for the useof the Herbarium of the University of Florida. Dr. Reed C. Rollins, Director of the Gray Herbarium, and Dr. Richard A. Howard, Director of the Arnold Arboretum, we thank for the privilege of examining specimens in their respective herbaria. We thank Mr. Ray An- gelo for obtaining important information for us from the Harvard Herbaria. Weare deeply indebted to the authors listed in the bibliography at the end of this article or cited in connection with a particular genus. While this article deals primarily with the species known to occur in Nicaragua, other species of Central America are treat- ed briefly, as some of them may at some time be found in Nica- ragua. Description of the Combretaceae as a family. Trees or shrubs or woody vines, often spiny. Leaves opposite or alternate or more than two ata node, simple, entire, on peti- oles; stipules none. Flowers in spikes or racemes, or rarely panicles or heads, terminal or axillary. Flowers usually per- fect. Calyx adnate to ovary, 4-5-lobed (lobes persistent or de- ciduous). Petals none or 4-5, separate. Stamens 4-5 or 8-10, born on the calyx. Ovary l-celled; ovules 6. Style and stigma simple. Fruit dry or fleshy. 1 Graduate student, University of Florida. Research Associate, Missouri Botanical Garden, and Visiting Associate Research Professor, University of Florida. 369 370 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 5 Artificial Key to the genera of Combretaceae, 1. Flowers minute, in dense globose, cone-like heads; leaves al- termate 6. yb ee a we se oe 8 ee s Oe CORDEIE READ 1. Flowers not in dense globose, cone-like heads but in spikes or racemes; leaves alternate or opposite 2, Leaves alternate, crowded at tip of branches; petals none 3. Pith hollow; calyx constricted above the ovary; fruit fleshy and a drupe; leaves not glossy, pointéd at apex title as tea are, Sane alas ite a 6. Terminalia L. 3. Pith solid; leaves glossy, rounded at apex 4, Calyx campanulate, shallowly 5-dentate; occasional spines on branches; fruita fleshydrupe 5, Bucida L. 4, Calyx shallowly cupuliform, lobes obsolete; spines none; fruit 5-ridged .... . 4. Buchenavia Eichl. 2. Leaves opposite, not in whorls; petals 4-5 5. Flowers and fruits sessile in elongate terminal spikes; fruit drupaceous, 1-1.5 cm in length, not angled or winged . 11 ses 0» - + 1, Laguncularia CGameeme 5. Flowers and fruit not sessile, on pedicels; fruit not dru- paceous, with 4-6 wings or acute angles 6. Calyx-tube above ovary long, slender, 8 cm long; VINE 6 ee ee ee eh eee eo ee + « 5s Qulegualie ne, 6. Calyx-tube above ovary not long and slender, 3-10 mm in length; vine, tree or shrub .7. Combretum L. 1. LAGUNCULARIA Gaertner f. Small tree or shrub, Leaves opposite, petiolate. Flowers sessile, 5-merous, mostly perfect with occasional staminate flowers in terminal panicles. Calyx-tube turbinate, Petals 5, minute. Stamens 10, not exerted. Fruit sessile, longitudinally ribbed, drupaceous. Two species in tropical America and Africa. Fl. Guatemala T2iPa LL oTZ, 1, Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. f. in Gaertn. Fruct. 3: 3:209. t. 217. 1805. Conocarpus racemosa L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10:930. 1759. Schousboa commutata Spreng. Syst. Veg. 332. 1825, nom. illeg. Rhizaeris alba Raf. Sylv. Tellur. 90. 1838, nom. illegit. Laguncularia obovata Mig. in Linnaea 18:752. 1844, Shrub or smalltree. Bark thin, reddish-brown. Leaves op- posite, petiolate, petiole 1-1.5 cm. long, with two gland-dots at base, 3-7 cm. long. Flowers white or greenish-white, sessile, 5=merous, in terminal panicles; rachis densely appressed-pub- 1978 Hall & Seymour, Combretaceae in Nicaragua 371 escent. Petals 5, appressed-pubescent. Stamens 10, filaments very short. Style 1 mm. inlength. Fruit drupaceous, 1.5 cm. long, reddish. Common in mangrove-swamps from Mexico to Peru; British Honduras, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Pan- ama. Nicaragua: Bluefields, Dept. Zelaya. Molina 2033 (GH). 2 GCONOGCARPUS L. Shrub or tree, erect or prostrate. Leaves alternate, short- petiolate, biglandular at the base. Flowers in minute, dense, globose, cone-like heads, sessile, 5-merous, perfect and stam- inate flowers in same inflorescence. Calyx-tube compressed. Petals none. Stamens 10, sometimes fewer. Ovary 1-celled. Style short. Ovules 2. Fruit small, angular, l-seeded, aggre- gated into a cone-like mass. Two species, often constituents of mangrove swamps. 1. Conocarpus erecta L. Sp. Pl. 176. 1753. Conocarpus procumbens L. Sp. Pl. 177. W535 Conocarpus supinus Crantz, Inst. Rei Herb. 1:355. 1766. Conocarpus acutifolius Humb. & Bonpl. ex Roem. & Schult. in Syst. Veg. 5:574. 1819. Conocarpus erectus var. arboreus et procumbens DC, Prodismoi Lo. 2828. Conocarpus pubescens Schumach. in Kongel. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Naturvid. & Math. Afh. 3:135. 1828. Terminalia erecta (L.) Baill. Hist. Pl. 6:266, 275, fig. 240. Loe? Shrub to tree, prostrate or erect. Leaves alternate, shortly petiolate or subsessile, petiole up to 4mm. long. Blades with two gland dots near base, 11X3.5 cm. Flowers greenish-white, small, in dense heads 1 cm. thick, @rrangedin terminal racemes or born in the upper leaf-axils. Stamens normally 10, filaments 1,5-2 mm. long, anthers 0.5 mm. long. Style 2 mm. long. Fruits imbricated in a subglobose or cone-shaped structure, pur- plish-green. Fruits superficially similar to those of Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. In Conocarpus erecta, leaves are glabrous or sericeous, entire, with faint nerves. In Guazuma ulmifolia, leaves are us- ually densely hairy beneath, serrate, with prominent nerves. Mangrove swamps, Mexico, British Honduras, Panama. Nicaragua: Aserradores Is., Dept. Chinandega. Baker 2083 (GH). 372 PVR YS TO) LOG rk Vol. 38, no. 5 Bluefields, Dept. Zelaya. Molina 1816 (GH). Cardones (Cardenas) Is., Dept. Rivas. West 3565 (GH). Masachapa, Dept. Managua. Seymour 1166 (BM, ENAG, F, GH, MICH, MO, MSC, NY, REED, SEYM, SMU, UC, VT, WDP). Puerto Cabezas, Dept. Zelaya. Robbins 5950 (MO, SEYM). Puerto Somoza, Dept. Leon. Marshall & Neill 6638 (BM, DUKE, ENAG, FLAS, GH, MO, NY, SEYM, SMU, UC). 3. QUISQUALIS L. Woody vine with slender branches. Leaves opposite or sub- opposite. Flowers showy, in short axillary and terminal spikes or racemes. Calyx-ctube ovoid below, produced above into a long slender tube, deciduous. Petals 5, obtuse. Stamens 10, exerted. Style filiform; ovules 3-4. Fruit dry, acutely 5-an- gled or 5-winged, 1l-seeded. About 17 species in tropical Asia and Africa, one of them widely cultivated for ornament. Fl. Guatemala 7:277. 1962. 1, Quisqualis indica L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2:556. 1762. Woody vine. Blades 14X5 cm., shortly petiolate, sparsely vil- lous or almost glabrous. Spikes with conspicuous linear green bracts. Calyx-tube nearly 8 cm. long, very slender, finely pil- ose. Petals white, turning pink and red. Fruit ellipsoid, 5- winged. The vine is not a common one in Central America. Fl. Gua- temala 7:277. 1962. 4, BUCHENAVIA Eichl. Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate or in whorls. Flowers 5-merous, perfect and staminate together in elongated or axil- lary spikes. Petals absent. Stamens 10. Fruit fleshy, 5-rid- ged or 5-angled. 12-15 species, throughout tropical America. Fl. Panama 7: 159. 1958. 1, Buchenavia capitata (Vahl) Eichl. in Flora 49:164, 1866. Bucida capitata Vahl Eclog. Amer. 1:50, t. 8, fig. 1. 1796. Hudsonia arborea A. Robinson, ex Luman, Hist. Jam. 2:310. 1814, Terminalia obovata Cambess. in St.-Hil. Juss. & Cambess., Fl. Bras. Merid. 2:241. 1829. Terminalia bilariana Steud. Nomencl. Bot. 2:668. 1841. Tree of about 8 meters. Branches tomentose when young, 1978 Hall & Seymour, Combretaceae in Nicaragua 373 soon glabrous. Leaves spirally arranged at tip of branches, petiolate or subsessile; petiole up to 6 mm. long. Blade 2-9 X 1-3.5 cm. Flowers 5-merous, sessile, in spikes. Peduncle 1.5-7 cm. long. Lower receptacle 1-3 mm. long, narrowed and slightly twisted at the apex. Filaments 2 mm long; anther 0.6 mm.long. Style 3.5 mm. long. Fruit greenish-yellow (black when dry), 5-ridged, hard and stony. Panama to Bolivia and in the West Indies. Fil. Panama 7:159. 1958. 5. BUCIDA L. Trees with branches sometimes armed with paired gray spines. Leaves in whorls, crowded at the swollen apices of branchlets. Blades coriaceous, glabrous, obtuse or rounded at apex. Flowers perfect. Inflorescence spicate, axillary. Calyx campanulate; calyx-lobes shallowly dentate, persistent. Petals none. Filaments exerted. Fruita fleshy drupe constricted at the apex. Small genus with 3 or 4 more species, one in Mexico, the other in the West Indies and South America. 1. Petioles 2-10 mm. in length; branchlets occasionally armed with spines; blades 3-9 cm. in length, without gland dots at a wis «sts Bueida buceras et, 1. Petioles 2-4.5 cm. in length; branchlets spineless; blades 12-25 cm. in length, with gland dots at base ..++++es-s RN ails, sh «cia tw vey, 2 UcIGa macrostachya Standley 1. Bucida buceras L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10.1025... - i152. Buceras bucida Crantz, Inst. Rei Herb. 12133... 1766; Terminalia buceras (L.) Wright, in Suav. Fl. Cuba 38. 1868. Myrobalanus buceras (L.) O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Plo itsSile Medium sized tree, 9-20 meters high. Branches occasional- ly spiny with stout gray paired spines. Leaves clustered at end of short erect twigs, shortly petiolate; petiole 2-10 mm. in length. Blade 2-9X1-4cm., pilose to glabrous, blunt or round- ed at apex, narrowed at base with two not always conspicuous glands. Flowers small, greenish-white or light-brown, stalk- less in lateral clusters 2-8 cm. in length. Rachis appressed- pubescent. Stamens 10; filaments 4mm. in length; anther 1mm. in length. Style 3.5 mm. in length. Fruit brownish, conical, about 8 mm. in length, with densely appressed pubescence. Frequently in coastal seamps, mangrove association; culti- vated in Florida. 37h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 5 Southern Florida, West Indies, Mexico, British Honduras, Guatemala, Nicaragua (specimen not seen), Costa Rica, Panama. 2. Bucida macrostachya Standley, Field Mus. Bot. 4:240. 1929, Tree, 5-9 meters. Petioles mostly 2-4,5 cm, in length. Blades 12-25 cm. in length, glabrous or sparsely pilose on nerves, densely whitish-puncticulate, below entirely pilose. Spikes numerous, densely flowered; flowers green or whitish; inflorescence densely tomentose. Calyx persistent after anthe- sis, broadly campanulate. Fruit ovoid, 5-6 mm. long, Anthers exerted. Dry rocky hills. Southern Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua (specimen not seen), 6. TERMINALIA L. Trees of large size, Leaves spirally arranged, often crowd- ed at apex of branchlets, mostly petiolate, often minutely ver- ruculose, with glands at base. Flowers 5-merous (occasionally 4-merous), in terminal and axillary spikes, both staminate and perfect flowers on spikes, or all perfect, Calyx-tube ovoid, constricted above the ovary. Petals absent. Stamens 10; fila- ments exerted; anthers dorsifixed. Style simple; ovary inferior; ovules 2, Fruit dry or drupaceous, often winged, About 200 species distributed throughout the tropics. 1, Fruit not winged; blades 10-30 cm, tong . . “3; eis catappa L, 1. Fruit winged; blades 6-15 cm. long. 2. Leaf undersides glabrous; flowers unknown oS 6 Jen (elation eo euee are a ines tl gn: bucidoideg Standley & L. Wms. 2. Leaf undersides pilose; flowers on spikes, 3, Fruit 4-5 mm. in length; blades with 2 marginal gland dots above base on lower surface. 4. Leaves cuneate-attenuate at RASC. 4 gua. S03 be Bry duntery eye etal ie TI. amazonia (J. F. Gmel. ) Exell 4. Leaves obtuse at base... 1.5.4. of sia, Seam . eae myriocarpa Van Heurck & Muell. Arg. 3. Fruit 2-3.5 cm. long; leaves usually without gland dots, 5. Young blade brownish-pilose onlower surface or glab- rate; veins elevatedand reticulate especially beneath; fruit 3-3.5 cm. LOTS sy uae Ae TI. nyssaefolia Britton 5. Young blade almost glabrous on lower surface; veins not elevated, not reticulate; fruit at most 2 cm. long Br Nae ig ane a ae Sas Mee a= oblonga (R. & P.) Steud. 1978 Hall & Seymour, Combretaceae in Nicaragua 375 1. Terminalia amazonia (J. F. Gmel. ) Exe?. in Pulle, Fl. Su- in, occ.) LOGS. Chuncoa amazonia J. F. Gmel. in L. Syst. Nat. 2:702. W7/S)ike Gimbernatea obovata Ruiz Re TEAK 5, imily, Ieectiyc Chil. Prodr.. 138. 1794. Chuncoa obovata (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. Syn. 1:486. 1805. Chuncoa obovata (Ruiz & Pav. ) Poir. in Encycl. Meth. Bot., Suppl. 2:258. 1811. Terminalia obovata (Ruiz & Pav. ) Steud. Nomencl. Bot. 2:668. 1841, non T. obovata Cambess. 1829. Terminalia odontoptera Heurck & Muell, Arg. Obs. Bot. 217. 1870. Terminalia excelsa Liebm. ex Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1:402. 1880. Myrobalanus obovata (Ruiz & Pav.) O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 237. PSO Terminalia hayesii Pittier, in Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18:239. 1917. Large tree up to 40 meters high. Bark smooth, peeling off easily in sheets. Young branches densely pilose with appressed yellowish or brownish hairs. Leaves arranged ina whorl at the ends of the branches, petiolate; petiole 1-10 mm. long. Blade 5-10 X 3.5 cm., usually with two glands. Flowers white, crear or yellowish-green, 5-merous, sessile, inaxillary spikes. Sta- mens 10; filaments 1.8-2 mm. long. Fruit5 X10mm. , 5-winged. Common along the Atlantic Coast of Central America. Found in swamps and on hillsides. Southern Mexico, British Honduras, Guatemala, Nicaragua, south to Panama, Brazil and Peru. Nicaragua: Siuna-Limbaika, Dept. Zelaya. Seymour 4983 (ENAG, GH, MO, SEYM). 2. Terminalia myriocarpa Heurck & Muell. Arg., Obs. Bot. 215-217. 18670. Excerpts translated from original description. Leaves opposite or subopposite, short-petioled, sublanceolate, acute, obtuse at base, pubescent,..- 2 large cyathiform glands at base.... Spikes paniculate, branched, minutely tomentose... Flowers strongly sessile. Calyx campanulate-ovoid, 5-lobed to the middle, outside glabrous, inside appressed-hirsute; lobes triangular-ovate, subacute, erect.... Fruit 5-winged, pubescent, the 2 anterior and one posterior (wings) small or sometimes ob- 376 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 5 solete, lateral ones equal, twice as wide as long, slender, glab- rous. Occurs in East India, prov. Khasia. Reported in Panama, 3. Terminalia catappa L. Mant. Pl. 128. 1767. Tree 25 meters high. Branches few, spreading. Leaves clustered at end of branches, 10-30 cm. in length, pointed at apex, almost glabrous. Flowers in spikes 5-15 cm. long, green. Fruit a woody drupe, 2-edged, 4-7 cm. long, the seed 3-4 cm. in length. Lowlands near coast. Well known throughout the lowlands of Central America. Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica. Nicaragua: Aserradores Is., Dept. Chinandega, Baker 2084 (GH). Puerto Cabezas, Dept. Zelaya. Robbins 5928 (BM, ENAG, GH, MICH, MO, NY, SEYM, SMU, UC, WDP). Siuna, Dept. Zelaya. Seymour 5023 (BM, ENAG, F, FLAS, GH, MICH, MO, NY, SEYM, SMU, UC, WDP). El Viejo, Dept. Chinandega. Atwood 2641’ (BM, ENAG, F, GH, MICH, MO, NY, SEYM, SMU, UC, WDP). 4, Terminalia nyssaefolia Britton, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 48:333. 1922. Tree of 20 meters or so. Leaves short-petiolate, 7-12X 4-6 cm., green on upper surface, paler with pilose hairs below when young, becoming glabrous with age; veins elevated. Flow- ers spicate, densely brown-pilose; flowers few. Fruit glabrous, 3-3.5 cm. in length; wings thick and hard. The occurrence of this tree at this one isolated spot in Centre] America is curious and not a natural extension of range fora Tri- nidad tree, ajthough well within the bounds of possibility. Fl. Guatemala 7:281. 1962. 5. Terminalia oblonga (Ruiz & Pav.) Steud. Nom. Bot. 2:668. 1841. Gimbernatia oblonga Ruiz & Pavon, Syst. Veg. 274. 1798. Chuncoa oblonga Pers. Sun. Pl. 1:486. 1805. Terminalia chiriquensis Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18:238. 1917. Large tree similar to T. amazonia, sometimes 45 meters tall. 1978 Hall & Seymour, Combretaceae in Nicaragua 377 Bark mottled. Leaves on longer petioles than T, amazonia, al- most glabrous, without glands. Flowers green; spikes longer than leaves. Stamens exerted. Fruit with two wings; wings fine- ly nerved. Common in lowland forests. Guatemala and El Salvador to Panama and Brazil. Nicaragua: Area de Ocotal, Dept. Nueva Segovia. Molina 2345 (GH). 6. Terminalia bucidoides Standley & L. Wms., Ceiba 3:214. 19537 Tree up to 15 meters tall. New branches glabrous. Leaves on young branches about 9-13, oblanceolate, acute or short acu- minate, at basecuneate, glabrous, 4-13 cm. long, 1.5-4.5 cm. wide, nerves 5-8, prominent; petioles 1-3 cm. long. Inflorescence terminal or subterminal. Flowersunknown. Fruit strongly 2- winged, wings 1-2 rudimentary sometimes added, 17-25 mm high 13-22 mm. wide, slender and coriaceous. Translated from orig- description. Nicaragua and Costa Rica. Nicaragua: Esquipulas y Aleman mountains, drainage of Rio Al- eman, Dept. Zelaya, alt. 150m. Shank & Molina 4839 (GH). JENC Ee 7. COMBRETUM L. Woody vine. Leaves petiolate. Flowers 4-merous or 5-me - rous; rachis pubescent to scaly. Calyx campanulate, 4(5)-lob- ate, deciduous. Petals 4(5),glabrous to hairy. Stamens 8-10; filaments 3-3.5 mm. in length. Ovules 2-6. Fruit with 4-6 wings or angles, l-seeded, the wings membranous. Species about 350, in most tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Fl. Guatemala 7:271. 1962. Seven species in Cen- tral America. 1. Leaf-blade without scales, hairs only on the midrib on upper surface. 2. Flowers 5-merous. 3. Branches spiny; leaf arrangement alternate or suboppos- ite; petiole 2-5 mm. in length. 4, Lower leaf surface pilose; style 5.5 mm. in length; flowers sessile; ovary appressed-hairy, scarcely narrowed atapex ..... . 6. C. spinosum Bonpl. 4. Lower leaf surface glabrous except midribs and veins pilose; style 0.4 mm. in length; flowers almost ses- sile or on short pedicels; ovary glabrous, narrowed at apex ......+....3. C. decandrum Jacq. 378 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 5 3, Branches spineless; leaf arrangement opposite; petiole 6-8 mm. in length ...:.. +s. 4 C, €acoucia Bee 2. Flowers 4-merous. me 5. Blade undersides glabrous except sparsely hairy on mid- rib and veins; petiole 2-7 mm. in length; filaments 4 mm. in length... .0). .)s..\< 6 « 6 « 5. Go lames 5. Blade undersides minutely scaly to densely brownish scaly or puberulent on nerves; petiole 5-10 mm. in length. 6. Calyx-lobes 4-5 mm, in length; petals 4-5 mm in length; blades 11-18 cm. in length; petioles scaly; filaments 25-35 mm. in length. . . « = =» = see cee es ee ee eee se) 6. C. sambuense Pitter 6. Calyx-lobes 0.8-0.9 mm. in length; petals 1.8 mm. in length; blades 7 cm. in length; petioles appressed- hairy; filaments 2-3 mm ‘in length © 5 379 We eee oe bw wel es eo wh ele we oe 8 Gy FOV EOsaS Eecel 1, Leaf blade with scales and without hairs on upper surface. - 7. Rachis densely pilose with short spreading yellowish hairs; fruit pilose; undersides of blades yellowish-scaly; petals hairy ) os s0s ee el os 2S ea) Co angemtoumn eames 7. Rachis scaly; fruit scaly; undersides of blades densely yel- lowish-red to brownish-~scaly; petals usually glabrous .. coe eee ee ee eo eo e & GC. fruticosum (Loefl, ) Stuntz 1. Combretum argenteum Bertol. Fl. Guatemala 412. 1840. Combretum erianthum Benth. Pl. Hartw. 73. 1841. large trailing vine. Petioles 1-7.2 cm. in length, whitish. Blades 10-15 X2.5-5.5 cm., glabrous above, yellowish-scaly with pilose hairs on lower surface, acute or acuminate, rounded- obtuse at base. Inflorescence simple or sparingly branched, of- ten forming large panicles. Rachis densely pilose with short spreading yellowish hairs. Flowers yellowish-green to bright- yellow. Calyx-tube scaly, white; lobes deltoid. Petals glabrous, equaling the calyx-lobes, Fruit 2 cm. long, usually crimson at maturity. Fl. Guatemala 7:272. 1962. Moist or dry thickets. Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua (specimen not seen), 2. Combretum cacoucia Exell in Sandwith, Kew Bull. 1931:469. 1931. Cacoucia coccinea Aubl., Pl. Guian. 450, t. 179. 1775. Schousbuea coccinea (Aubl. ) Willd. in L. Sp. Pl. 2:578. 1779. 1978 Hall & Seymour, Combretaceae in Nicaragua 379 Combretum coccineum Engl. & Diels in Engler, Monogr. Afr, Pflanzenfam. 3:110, 112. 1899, not Lam. 1785. Terminalia Cacoucia Baill. Hist. Pl. 6:275. 1877, nom. illegit. Large vine or shrub. Branches pubescent. Petioles 5-8mm, in length. Blades 20 X 10 cm., acute or acuminate at apex, cor- date at base, almost glabrous except pilose on upper midrib. Flowers red, in dense terminal and axillary spikes 50 cm. in length, with bracts 3-5 mm. in length. Calyx 5-lobate. Petals exceeding the calyx-lobes. Stamens 10, exerted; filaments 20 mm. in length; anthers 1.2-1.5 mm. in length. Style 25 mm.in length. Fruit 5-angulate, not winged, 6 X 2 cm. Wet thickets, usually in swamps. British Honduras, Guate- mala, Honduras (GH), Nicaragua, Panama, southward to Braz- il, Fi. Guatemala 7:272. 1962. 3. Combretum decandrum Jacq. Enum. 19. 1760. Combretum Palmeri Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5:136. 1897. Combretum nicoyanum Pittier, Contr. U. S, Nat. Herb, 17:247. POT. Large vine. Branches pubescent or glabrous, with spines. Leaves alternate-opposite, glabrous above, with pilose hairs beneath along midrib and nerve-axils; blades 5-14 X 3-7.5 cm. Flowers 5-merous, white, in terminal panicles, almost sessile or on short pedicels; rachis tomentose to glabrous. Calyx-lobes 5, deltoid, about 0.5 mm. in length, glabrous or hairy at base; hypanthium glabrous or hairy. Petals 5, 2-3 X 1.5 mm., hairy. Stamens 10, 3-5 mm. in length; filaments 0.4 mm. in length. Style 4mm. inlength. Ovary glabrous to spreading-hairy, nar- rowed at apex. Fruit 5-winged, 5-6 mm. broad. Dry or wet thickets from Mexico to Colombia. 4, Combretum fruiticosum (Loefl. ) Stuntz, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Pl. Ind. Seed & Pl. Imp. No. 31:86. 1914. Gaura fruticosa Loefl. Inter Hispan. 248. 1758. “Combretum secundum Jaeq. Enum. 19. 1760. Combretum farinosum HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6:110. 1823. Combretum formosum Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 5:420. 1827. Combretum micropetelum DC, Prodr. 3:19. 1828. Combretum aurantiacum Benth in Hooker Lond. Jour. Bot. 2: 222. 1840. Combretum Benthamianum Van Heurck & Muell. Arg. in Van 380 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 5 Heurck, Obs. Bot. 220. 1871. Combretum Warszewiczia.num Eichler in Mart. Fl. Bras. 12, pt. 21220..." 1867. Combretum farinosum var. phaenopetalum Donn. Sm. Bot. Gaz. Zoe uO ibe Combretum phaenopetalum (J, D. Sm.) Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18:243. 1917. Combretum polystachyum Pittier, Contr. U. S, Nat. Herb. 18: 243. 1917. Combretum lepidopetalum Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 245. U9. Combretum multidiscum Rusby, Descr. New Sp. S. Amer. Pl. 69. 1920. Combretum Loeflingii subsp. ornithophilum Suesseng. in Mitteil Bot. Staatssamml. Munch. 14. 1950. Shrub or vine, without spines. Blades 5-12 X 3-7cm., scaly to glabrous on upper surface, densely scaly below. Petiole 7-10 mm. in length. Flowers on thick spikes, dense, sessile, red- orange. Petals 1-1.5 mm. in length, yellow. Stamens 8, 15-20 mm, in length; anthers 1 mminlength, exceeding the calyx. Style 15-20 mm. long. Fruit 2 cm. long, densely scaly, broadly winged, dark-red. Dry or wet thickets. Mexico, British Honduras, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama. Nicaragua: Isabel, Rio Grande, Dept. Zelaya. Molina 2488 (GH). La Cruz, Dept. Jinotega. Molina 2388 (GH). Limbaika, Dept. Zelaya. Seymour 4931 (MO, SEYM), 4932 (BM, ENAG, FLAS, GH, MO, NY, SEYM, SMU, UC). Madregara, Dept. Zelaya. Seymour 3271 (ENAG, GH, MO, SEYM, SMU). Juigalpa, Dept. Chontales. Moore 1627 (MO, SEYM). El Realejo, Dept. Chinandega. Baker 2088 (GH). Siuna, Dept. Zelaya. Seymour & Atwood 3271 (GH). Volcan Cosiguina, Dept. Chinandega. Seymour 7094 (B, GH, MO, SEYM, SMU). Volcan Mombacho, Dept. Granada. Dudey, Moore & Nichols 1951 (BM, ENAG, F, GH, MO, MSC, NY, SEYM, UC, WDP). Without definite locality. Wright (GH). 5. Combretum laxum Jacq. Enum, Pl. Carib. 19. 1760. Combretum puberum Rich. in Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Par. 1:108. VI9Zs 1978 Hall & Seymour, Combretaceae in Nicaragua 381 Combretum mexicanum Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2:159, t. S22 GO9s Combretum cordatum Don, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 15:420. 1827. Combretum ferrugineum Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 15:430. USWA Combretum bugi Cambess. in St. Hult Juss; 1501 (N). Corrientes: Ibarrola s.n. (12.1 .19h2) (N, N); K Krapovickas & & al. 27303 (Ld); Pedersen 1153 (N, ¥W— 228 3036) , 1906 (N, Ss. W—-2283115); Rodrigo 952 (N)3 Ruiz Huidobro 2037 (N, N), 3879 (x), 3888 (N), s.n. [Herb. Inst. Miguel Lillo _ 218)) (N, N); “Schinini, “Ferraro, Gonzdlez, & Tressens 1112) (1d). Entre Rfos: T. Meyer 10058 (N); Scala 2003 (N, N, S, Ug). Fi Formosa: Byerdam & Beetle 22993 (Ba, Ca--6522h); I. Morel. 19h (N, S), 690 (N, Ur), “120 120 (N), 1314 (N), 1491 (N), 1636 (N), 3867 (N, N)j Re- ales 1480 Lis Misiones: Ekman n 2015 (N, “S)j Rodriguez 616 (Herb. Inst. Miguel Lillo 3221] (N), s.n. [Herb. Mus. Argent. Cienc. Nat. 23771] (N); G. J. Schwarz 559 (N, N). Salta: Rocha 91 (N, N). Santa Fé: Alvarez 909 909 (N); Hu Hubrich s.n, [Rosario de Sa. Fé] (Mu). {to be continued] NEW COMBINATIONS IN HAWAIIAN CUCURBITACEAE HAWAIIAN PLANT STUDIES 66 Hancoldyst. Jonn Bishop Museum, Box 6037, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96818, USA. In order to make them available for use, the following new combinations are proposed: Cladocarpa hispida (Hbd.) comb. nov. peewoes Hhispidus Hbd., Fl. Haw. Is. 136, 1888. Sicyocarya (Gray) gen. nov. Sect. Sicyocarya Gray, Am. Acad. Arts Sci., Proc. 3; 54, (1857) = 1853, sensu Gray, excluding S. pachycarpus H. & A. Lectotype: Sicyos macrophyllus Gray, Am. Acad. PigeSaSCH ae POC. S3) 54), Laos! Uis) (S, Bexpilion. Peped., Wilkes, Bot. 15(1): 651-652, 1854; AilacebOte, (Diss 6s, L657. Sicyocarya cucumerina (Gray) comb. nov. Sicyos cucumerinus Gray, Am. Acad. Arts Sci., BeOC emo 24), Leos s Ue S.) Explon. Exped, Wilkes, Bot. 15(1): 652-654, 1854; Atlas BOEemmpl. G2), Lower Lett, figs. A-8). 857. Sicyocarya macrophylla (Gray) comb. nov. Sicyos macrophyllus Gray, Am. Acad. Arts Sci., DEC) 154, l8555 U. 4. Explor.) Exped, Wilkes, Bot. 15(1): 651-652, 1854; Atlas Bien, DL. Ol, L857. Gray*s section Sicyocarya was accepted by Cogniaux (1881: 871, 895) in his monograph of the family Cucurbitaceae, but without discussion he altered the name to Sicyocarpa, and this was also used by F. Pax in the Pflanzenfamilien of Engler (1894: 38). This change was an alteration, not a necessary correction, and the alteration was illegitimate. Gray did not explain the source of his name Sicyocarya, but it was obviously derived from the Greek sikuos, gourd, and kKaruon, a nut, meaning the nut of the gourd, and this section had as fruit a hard nut. 407 08 PELTTOL OG ESA Vol. 38, no. 5 Gray chose to give the name a feminine gender and ending, so Sicyocarya is feminine. Literature Cited Cogniaux, Alired, 138i. "Cucurbiitaceae. in Anerc C. DeCandolle, Monogr. Phanerog. 3: 325-1,008. Pngier, A. & K. Prantl, 1691-1894. Die Natur— lichen Pflanzenfamilien IV(4-5): 1-402; Cucurbitaceae by E. G. O. Muller and F. Pax, 1894, (5): 1-39, 1894. NOTES ON THE FLORA OF SAMOA W. Arthur Whistler! During an inventory of the wildlife and wildlife habitats of American Samoa (from June 1975 to December 1976) undertaken by Environment Consultants, Inc., under contract to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (contract no. 11-16-0001-5782FA), a comprehen- sive checklist of the native vascular flora of American Samoa was compiled. In addition to several new unnamed.species that were collected, four previously named species in the flora were found to be in need of new names. Three of the four require new combinations, since they have not been transferred to the proper genera. The fourth species has an invalid name which must be changed. The voucher specimens listed after the species descriptions are the property of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; one set will be deposited in the herbarium of the Smithsonian Institution, and a second set in the Bernice P. Bishop Museum in Honolulu. The comprehensive report on the inventory, An Inventory of the Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat of the Islands of American Samoa, which includes an annotated checklist of the vascular flora, is expected to be published in 1978 by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The four species are as follows: Orchidaceae Malaxis samoensis (Schltr.) comb. nova A small, yellow-flowered ground orchid, occasional in the coastal to montane forests. Endemic to Samoa. It was oniginally named Microstylis samoensis Schlechter in Repert. Spec., Nov. Regini Veg. Fasc. 1X:93, 1911. W 2742 lenvironment Consultants, Inc. 14325 Proton Rd. Dallas, Texas 75240 410 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 5 Urticaceae Elatostema tutuilense nom. novum A small herb, rare in streambeds in the rain forest. Collected only once, by Reinecke in 1894, growing in the streambed of Matafao Stream (Faga'alu Canyon) on Tutuila. Reinecke named the species Elatostema radicans Reinecke in Die Flora der Samoa- Inseln, Bot. Jahrb. 25:624-5, 1896, which is, however, a later homonym for a species named by Weddell. Consequently, the new name Elatostema tutuilense is proposed, the type for which is Reinecke No. 590. Myrtaceae Syzygium samoense (Burk.) comb. nova A medium-sized tree, common in the montane and cloud forests. The original name is Eugenia samoense Burkill in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXV:38, 1901, based on specimens from Samoa and Vava'u (Tonga). It was subsequently forgotten and not transferred to the genus Syzygium. It is endemic to Samoa, since the Vava'u plants have been assigned to another species. W 2688 W 2749 W 2957 W 3731 Asclepiadaceae Hoya betchei (Schltr.) comb. nova A climbing vine of the forest, especially in sunny habitats. It is endemic to Samoa. The first valid name for this species appears to be Physostelma betchei Schlechter in Engl. Jahrb. XI Bleibl. 92:16, 1908. Physostelma is, however, restricted to Southeast Asia. Thus, this species should be moved to the genus Hoya. A purpled-flowered variety on Tutuila has been described as var. tutuilensis Christophersen, under the name Hoya chlorantha Rechinger. This species is synonymous with Hoya betchei and eee this variety is var. tutuilense (Chr.) comb. nova. W 2765 W 3110 STUDIES IN THE HELIANTHEAE (ASTERACEAE). IX, RESTORATION OF THE GENUS ALLOISPERMUM Harold Robinson Department of Botany Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC., 20560. Studies of subtribal characters of the tribe Heliantheae show that Alloispermum must be resurrected from the synonymy of the genus Calea. The revived genus is a member of the subtribe Galinsoginae having clustered heads with the rays when present being epappose, the disk flowers being usually pappose. The genus Alloispermum was described by Willdenow on the basis of Humboldt and Bonpland material. The genus was validly published but the only name ever published for the species under that genus was by de Candolle in 1836 in the synonymy of Allocarpus caracasanus. Although no mention of the WT Lichow genus name occurs in Humboldt, Bonpland and Kunth's work, the name Allocarpus is evidently a substitute for the earlier Alloispermum. The following names and combinations must be noted. Alloispermum Willden., Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Mag. Neusten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. 1: 139. 1807. LT.: Allocarpus caracasanus HBK. present designation. Syn.: Calydermos Lag., Gen. et Sp. Nov. Pl. 24. 1816. Allocarpus HBK., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4: ed folio 228. I818. Alloispermum caracasanum (HBK) H.Robinson, comb. nov. Allocarpus caracasanus HBK, Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4: ed folio 229, L818. Galinsoga allocarpa Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3: 579. iL 4 Alloispermum divaricatum Willden. ex DC., Prodr. 5: 676. 1836. in synonymy. Calea caracasana (HBK) O.Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 324. 1891. Calea sillaensis O.Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 324. 1891. Alloispermum integrifolium (DC.) H.Robinson, comb. nov. Allocarpus integrifolius DC., Prodr. 5: 676. 1836. 41 12 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 5 Calea integrifolia (DC.) Hemsl., Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot, 2: 205.) £661. Alloispermum liebmannii (Sch.Bip. ex Klatt) H.Robinson, comb. nov. Calea Liebmannii Sch.Bip. ex Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 145. 1887. Calea leptocephala Blake, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 22: 646. Poon Alloispermum lindenii (Sch.Bip. ex Wedd.) H.Robinson, comb. nov. atisest pas Lindenii Sch.Bip. ex Wedd., Chlor. And. : : 1856 Calea Lindenii (Sch. Bip. ex Wedd.) Blake, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 20: 540, 1924. Alloispermum pachensis (Hieron. ) H.Robinson, comb. nov. Calea pachensis Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. 19: 56. 1894. Alloispermum scabrum (Lag.) H.Robinson, comb. nov. Cat yeep scaber Lagasca, Gen. et Sp. Nov. Pl. 25. Calydermos longifolius Lagasca, Gen. et Sp. Nov. Pl. 7S ae fe od 6 Calea peduncularis HBK, Nov. Gen. et Sp. 4: ed fol. ey ame 5 Be Calea scabra (Lag. ) B.L.Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 625. 1909. Alloispermum scabrifolium (Hook.& Arn.) H.Robinson, comb. nov. Allocarpus scabrifolius Hook.& Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 0. 1840 Ferdinanda oppositifolia Sch.Bip. in Seemann, Bot. Voy. Heraci 305, L856- Zaluzania oppositifolia (Sch.Bip.) Sch.Bip., Flora GE: 562. 186L. Calea scabrifolia (Hook.& Arn.) Benth.& Hook.f., Gena bilo nk BAS Perynentum album S.Wats., Proc. Amer. Acad. 23: 154. Allocarpus sabazioides Schlecht., Linnaea 9: 590. 1835 and its apparent synonym Tridax ehrenbergii Sch. Bip. ex Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 145. 1887, have been associated with this group. Material has not been seen, but as described and photographed the species has the heads single on long peduncles. The species seems more likely to belong to the genus Sabazia. STUDIES IN THE HELIANTHEAE (ASTERACEAE). X. THE RELATIONSHIP OF CALEA SKUTCHII. Harold Robinson Department of Botany Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC., 20560. Calea skutchii was described by S.F.Blake in 1934 with reference to the Viguiera-like pappus. The spec- ies was treated as a member of the subgenus Tetrachyron of the genus Calea. Blake had only immature achenes on which to base his conclusions. Attempts to determine recent collections by R.M. King from Guatemala have shown that the achenes of C. skutchii are compressed and other features indicate ~ the species is a member of the subtribe Verbesininae. The combination of tree-like habit, mostly opposite leaves, strongly decurrent leaf blade with prominent trinervation, densely puberulous rather than scabrous leaf surfaces, broadly corymbose inflorescences, radiate heads with fertile rays, short disk corolla lobes with papillae on the inner surface, compressed achenes with a slender base, and pappus with two larger squamae and a few smaller lateral squamellae matches that of the genus Podachaenium. The previously monotypic genus Podachaenium ranges from Mexico to Costa Rica. The second species occurs only in Guate- mala and adjacent Chiapas. The following new combin- ation is necessary. Podachaenium skutchii (Blake) H.Robinson, comb. nov. Calea skutchii Blake, Jour. Washington Acad. Sci. 5 38, 1934. Some distinctions of the two species are very obvious but they seem to be worthy, at most, of subgeneric rank. In P. skutchii the leaf blades are not lobed, the leaf tips are sharply acute to acuminate, the rays are yellow rather than white, the disk corollas have papillae inside on most of the throat, the style branches lack glands on the abaxial surface, the tubes of the disk corollas are nearly glabrous, and the outer surfaces of the pappus squamae are papillose. Both species are well illustrated in the Flora of Guatemala (Nash & Williams, 1976), P. eminens in Fig. 90 and P. skutchii in Fig. 56. The achene has a 413 hab PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 5 narrower base in both species than is shown in the illustrations. Literature Cited Blake, S. F. 1934. New Asteraceae from Guatemala collected by A. F. Skutch. Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 24: 432-443, Nash, Dorothy L. & L. O. Williams 1976. Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiana: Botany 24 (12): l-x, 1-603. STUDIES IN THE HELIANTHEAE (ASTERACEAE). XI. A NEW GENUS KINGIANTHUS. Harold Robinson Department of Botany Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC., 20560. Zaluzania is a Mexican genus with an additional species that is usually included from Ecuador. The South American species proves to differ from typical Zaluzania by numerous characters including the style branches with two stigmatic lines, the prismatic achenes without striations in the walls, and the cells on the inner surfaces of the disk corolla lobes not being sharply differentiated from those of the throat. The Ecuadorian species is regarded as representing a new genus remote from Zaluzania but closely related to Monactis (Robinson, 1976) of Ecuador and Peru. The new genus differs from the latter primarily by the numerous ray and disk flowers in the heads. The new genus is named after R.M.King whose recent collections have served as a partial basis for the present revised concept. Kingianthus H.Robinson, genus novum Asteracearum (Heliantheae). Plantae frutescentes usque ad 2 m altae. Caules subteretes sordido-subvillosi. Folia alternata distincte petiolata; laminae subdeltoideae base late acutae vel truncatae in medio abrupte acumin- atae margine serratae apice acutae fere ad basem tri- nervatae supra scabrellae subtus puberulae vel sub- tomentellae, nervis et nervulis subtus prominulis. Inflorescentiae in ramis terminales dense corymboso- subcymosae alternato-ramosae, pedicells distinctis brevibus tomentellis. Capitula multi-radiata late campanulata; squamae involucri 1-2-seriatae oblongo- ellipticae subherbaceae; receptacula paleacea. Flores radii ca. 6-8 feminei; corollae flavae Ligulaeformes base hirtellae apice obscure tridentatae supra irregu- lariter mamillosae; flores disci ca. 25 hermaphroditi; corollae flavae base hirtellae, tubis distinctis, faucis abrupte campanulatis, lobis 5, cellulis loborum interioribus plerumque e cellulis fauci non distinctis fere ad margine sensim mamillosis, nervis loborum ad marginem parallelis saepe etiam nervis medianis prae- sentibus; antherae nigrescentes; thecae base acutae, cellulis endothecialibus medianis quadratis vel long- 416 PHEHYTOLOGISs Vol. 38, m. 5 ioribus in parietibus transversalibus 2-4-noduliferis; appendices antherarum abaxialiter glanduliferae, cell- ulis marginalibus isodiametricis; styli base noduli- feri, ramis in linis binariis stigmataceis, ductis obscuris vel nullis; achaenia prismatica ca. 4-costata in parietibus carbonacea punctata non striata; carpo- podia asymmetrica, cellulis interioribus in fascicul- aris radialiter elongatis firmis, cellulis exterioribus subquadratis vel longitudinaliter elongatis; pappus nullus. Grana pollinis ca. 27 p in diametro valde spinosa. Species typica: Zaluzania sodiroi Hieron. The genus contains the following single species. Kingianthus sgdiroi (Hieron. ) H.Robinson, comb. nov. Zaluzania sodiroi Hieron. in Sodiro, Bot. Jahrb. $ 900, Zaluzania nonensis Hieron. in Sodiro, Bot. Jahrb. aes (52 Zaluzania quitensis Hieron. in Sodiro, Bot. Jahrb. ET - Monactis subdeltoidea B.L.Robinson, Proc. Amer, Acad, Sci. 47: 208. 1911. Literature Cited Robinson, H. 1976. Studies in the Heliantheae (Asteraceae). VII. Notes on the genus, Monactis. Phytologia 34 (1): 33-45. STUDIES IN THE EUPATORIEAE (ASTERACEAE). CLXIX. TWO NEW SPECIES OF FLEISCHMANNIA FROM GUATEMALA, R. M. King and H. Robinson Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560 Continuing studies of the genus Fleischmannia in Central America have revealed the following two undes- cribed species. Fleischmannia deberabellae R. M. King & H. Robinson, sp. nov. Plantae herbaceae perennes usque ad 1 m altae subscandentes pauce ramosae. Caules fulvescentes vel rubrescentes teretes dense minute pilosuli. Folia opposita, petiolis 1-5 cm longis; laminae herbaceae ovatae vel subdeltoideae plerumque 3-8 cm longae 1.5- 5.0 em latae base valde trinervatae plerumque subtrun- catae margine crenato-serratae apice breviter acutae vel vix acuminatae utrinque dense minute pilosulae supra sparse glanduliferae subtus dense glandulo-punc- tatae. Inflorescentiae lLaxe corymboso-paniculatae, ramis corymbosis, ramis ultimis 2-6 mm longis dense minute puberulis. Capitula 4-5 mm longa et 3-4 mm lata; Squamae involucri subimbricatae omnino persistentes 20- 30 valde inaequales ovatae vel anguste oblongae 1-4 mm longae plerumque 0.8-1.0 mm Latae margine distincte scariosae exteriores apice acutae interiores plerumque rotundatae vel subtiliter retusae extus bicostatae exteriores puberulae. Flores 17-22 in capitulo; coro- llae pallide Lavandulae 2.2-2.5 mm longae, tubis ca. G.5 mm longis pauce glanduliferis, faucis anguste infundibularibus ca. 1.5 mm longis extus non papillosis glabris, lobis ca. 0.4 mm Longis et 0.35 mm Latis utrinque papillosis extus glanduliferis; filamenta in parte superiore 0.25-0.30 mm longa; thecae 0.35-0.65 mm longae; appendices antherarum oblongo-rotundatae ca. 0.13 mm longae et Latae; rami stylorum superne Latiores; achaenia 1.3-1.6 mm longa in costis et superne dense setifera in costis persistentiter flava; setae pappi ca. 22 plerumque ca. 1.8 mm lLongae base non contiguae. Grana pollinis 18-20 p in diametro. TYPE: Dec. 15, 1977. R. M, King 7346A (Holotype, US) greenhouse grown progeny of King 7346 from GUATE- MALA: Alta Verapaz: along raod to Sacapulas, ca. 16 kms generally W of San Cristobal Verapaz. Elev. ca. 4000 ft., occasional herbs 1/4 m tall, flowers white. 31 January 1977 (US). Additional paratypes: GUATEMALA: Chimaltenango: Chiechavao, alt. 2400-2700 m. Stem 4 ft. 417 118 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 5 high, flowers white, the pistils very pale Lavender. Oak-pine woods. Feb. 16, 1933, Skutch 242 (US); About LO km northwest of Tecp4n, barrancos in Cerro Chichoy, Sierra Madre Mountains, wet mixed forest, 2200-2300 m. Flowers pale Lavender, herb 1 mtall. Dec. 25, 1972, Williams, Molina & Williams 41793 (US). El Progresso: between Calera and middle slopes of quebradas of Volcdén Siglo, alt.. 2000-2200 m, Leaves thin, flowers pale lilac. Jan. 20, 1942, Steyermark 43023 (US). Solold: Near Nahuala, Sierra Madre Mountains, ravines, alt. 2500 m. Flowers pale lilac. Dec. 17, 1962, Williams, Molina & Williams 23192 (US). Fleischmannia deborabellae is one of the many close relatives of F. pycnocephala (Less.) K.& R. and would key in existing treatments to F. antiquorum (StandL.& Steyerm.) K.& R. because of its Lax inflores- cence. The new species differs from both related species by the soft dense puberulence of the leaf surfaces which is Like a fine peach-fuzz. The numerous glands on the leaves including some on the upper sur- face are also a partial distinction. Such glands are not seen on the coarsely scabrid leaves of F. antiquorum and they are lacking in most but not all specimens of F. pycnocephala. The leaves also Lack the strong acuminations of F. antiquorum. The new species has been grown from achenes collected in Guatemala and in two plantings has grown well while achenes from Guatemala of both the more widely distributed species F. cnocephala and F. ratensis (Klatt) K.& R. did not germinate. The reliability or significance of the difference is unknown. The species is named for Debora Bell of the Herbarium Services staff of the Smithsonian who has shown both care and interest in her work with the greenhouse material. Fleischmannia bohlmanniana R. M. King & H. Robinson, sp. nov. Plantae herbaceae perennes usque ad 2 m altae pauce ramosae. Caules flavo-virides vel fulves- centes teretes subtiliter striati minute puberuli et glabrescentes. Folia opposita, petiolis 0.5-3.0 mm longis; Laminae herbaceae ovatae plerumque 2.0-5.5 em longae et 1.5-3.7 cm Latae base trinervatae Late acutae vel subtruncatae margine serratae vel crenato- serratae apice breviter leniter acuminatae supra breviter sparse pilosae subtus plerumque in nervis et nervulis puberulae non vel sparse glanduliferae. In- 1978 King & Robinson, New species of Fleischmannia h19 florescentiae laxe thyrsoideo-paniculatae, ramis dense corymbosis, ramis ultimis 1-2 mm longis dense puber- ulis. Capitula 4-5 mm alta et 3-4 mm Lata; squamae involucri subimbricatae omnino persistentes ca. 30 valde inaequales 1.5-3.5 mm lLongae plerumque 0.8 mm latae exteriores Laxe insertae ex bracteis subinvolu- cris indistinctae ovatae margine scariosae apice argute acuminatae, interiores anguste oblongae margine scariosae apice obtusae mucronatae extus bicostatae subglabrae vel in medio puberulae. Flores 22-25 in capitulo; corollae lavandulae ca. 2.7 mm longae, tubis ca. 0.5 mm longis glabris, faucis anguste infundibular- ibus ca. 1.8 mm longis extus non papillosis glabris, lobis ca. 0.4 mm longis et ca. 0.3 mm Latis utrinque papillosis extus pauce glanduliferis; filamenta in parte superiore 0,25-0.30 mm longa; thecae ca. 0.7 mm longae; appendices antherarum oblongo-rotundatae 0.15- 0.20 mm longae et 0.13-0.15 mm Latae; rami stylorum superne non vel vix latiores; achaenia 1.0-1.5 mm longa plerumque in costis breviter setifera in costis persistentiter flava; setae pappi plerumque 20-25 ca. 2.0-2.5 mm longae base non contiguae; achaenia exter- iores saepe calva. Grana pollinis ca. 20 p in diametro. TYPE: GUATEMALA: Chimaltenango: Along the road to Chimaltenango, ca 9 kms generally NW of Antigua. El. ca. 5800 ft. Abundant roadside weeds, flowers Light lavender. January 24, 1977, King 7190 (Holotype, US). PARATYPES: GUATEMALA: donne eeeee Along the road to Patzun, ca 14 kms generally NW of the Pan- American Highway. El. ca. 7300 ft. herb to 1 m tall, flowers light lavender. Jan 24, 1977, King 7201 (US); flowers dark lavender, King 7202 (US). Quezaltenango: Along the road to Quezaltenango, ca 28 kms generally S of Quezaltenango. El.ca 4800 ft. Occasional herbs, flowers blue. Jan. 26, 1977, King 7255 (US). Quiche: Along the road to Chichicastenango, ca 18 kms general- ly SE of Santa Cruz del Quiche. El. ca. 6700 ft. Locally abundant herbs to 2 m tall, flowers Lavender. Jan. 27, 1977, King 7287 (US). Sacatepequez: Along the road to Antigua, ca 19 kms generally N of Escuint- la. El. ca 3700 ft. Abundant herbs, flowers Lavender. Jan 23, 1977, King 7182 (US). Santa Rosa: Volcan Jumaytepeque, alt. 6000 pp. Jan. 1893, Heyde & Lux 4219 (US). Solola: Along the road to Panajachel, ca 3 kms generally SE of Panajachel. El. ca 5650 ft. Abundant herbs 1 m tall, flowers lavender. Jan. 25, 1977, King 7220 (US). Suchitepequez: Along the road to Cocales, ca 20 kms generally N of Patulul, El. ca .3700 ft. Occasional herbs up to 1/2 m tall, flowers 420 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 5 lavender. Jan. 25, 1977, King 7238 (US); Along the road to Mazatenango, ca 30 kms generally W of Mazaten- ango. El. ca 2700 ft. Common herbs 1 m tall, flowers blue. Jan. 26, 1977, King 7247 (US). Totonicapan: Along the Pan-American Highway, ca 3 kms generally S of the border of Huehuetenango. El. ca 6200-6300 ft. Herbs to 1 m tall, flowers Lavender. Jan. 28, 1977, King 7299 (US). The new species is closely related to Fleisch- mannia cnocephala (Less.) K.& R., having the densely corymbose branches of the inflorescence, the mostly nonglandular leaves, the corolla lobes without hairs and the ribs of the achene persistently yellow as in that species. The pappus setae are also non-contigu- ous at the bases but less widely separated than in most species of F, cnocephala. The primary distinc- tion of the new species is the lax insertion of the basal bracts of the involucre with no obvious differ- ences from the subinvolucral bracts. The species alsd apparently differs by having a basic chromosome number of n=L10O or 12. All material counted of F. cnocephala has had numbers of 20, 30 or near GO. It seems Likely that the various species of Fleischmannia in Guatemala can form hybrids but the new species would seem to represent a basic element in the F. pycnocephala complex. The calvous outer achenes in many specimens of the new species are Like those seen in a number of other species of the genus in Guatemala including a few specimens of F. pycnocephala. The species is named after Prof. Dr. F. Bohlmann, Direktor of the Institut flir Organische Chemie der Technischen Universitat Berlin whose support of field work has been very valuable. 1978 King & Robinson, New species of Fleischmannia 21 UNITED sTaTEes 2781999 NATIONAL HERBARIUM Fleischmannia deborabellae R.M.King & H.Robinson, Holotype, United States National Herbarium. Photos by Victor E. Krantz, Staff Photographer, National Museum of Natural History. 422 POT 0 Loads Vol. 38, no. 5 ASTERACEA FF GUATEMALA WATIONA Fleischmannia bohlmanniana R.M.King & H.Robinson, Holotype, United States National Herbarium, 1978 King & Robinson, New species of Fleischmannia 23 Enlargements of heads of Fleischmannia. Top; F. deborabellae. Bottom; F. bohlmanniana. STUDIES IN THE EUPATORIEAE (ASTERACEAE). CLXX. ADDITIONS TO THE GENUS NEOCABRERIA. R. M. King and H. Robinson : Department of Botany Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC., 20560. The genus Neocabreria was originally described to include three species of which one was inadequately known (King & Robinson, 1972). The genus is restricted to southern Brazil and adjacent Argentina with compara- tively few collections in herbaria, The accumulation of more material and observation of various types has shown that the genus contains two additional species. The species can be distinguished by the following key. lL. Achenes with only glands on the upper part. 2. Leaves essentially glabrous below; receptacle with hairs; leaf blades elliptical to oblanceolate N. catharinensis 2. Leaves puberulous to subtomentellous below; receptacle without hairs; leaf blades Lanceolate N. serrulata 1. Achenes with numerous hairs on upper part. 3. Heads with 6 flowers; receptacle with few or no hairs; involucral bracts glabrous on inner sur- face N. mexiae = PLnnivem ie (61 bef). >) 3. Heads with 15-25 flowers; receptacle hirsute; tips of involucral bracts densely pubescent on inner surface. 4, Leaves crenate-serrate with blunt teeth broader than long; involucral bracts with tips all shortly acute N. concinna 4, Leaves very closely serrate with sharp teeth mostly as long as wide; outer involucral bracts with broader more sharply pointed tips than the inner bracts N. malachophylla The five species of the genus are as follows. 1978 King & Robinson, Additions to Neocabreria has Neocabreria catharinensis (Cabrera) R.M.King & H.Robin- son, comb. nov. Eupatorium catharinense Cabrera in Cabrera & Vittet, Sellowia 15: 197. 1963. The species was originally compared with a species of Symphyopappus and the species was initially trans- ferred by us to that genus (King & Robinson, 1974). Some of the immature flowers preserved on microscope slides have now been examined carefully and they have all the characters of Neocabreria including the bilobed anther appendages and the internal hairs on the corolla throat. Neocabreria concinna R.M.King & H.Robinson, Phytologia 2 wiszerlo72, Syne cupator tum concinnum DC. not E. concinnum Hook.& Arn. % Neocabreria malachophylla (Klatt) R.M.King & H,Robins., Phytologia 23 aE £525) 2972: Eupatorium ma lacho- hyllum Klatt, Jahrb., Hamburg. Wiss. Anstalt., 5: 125. 1892. Syn. Eupatorium niederleinii Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. 22: 763. 1897. ee Neocabreria mexiae R.M.King & H.Robinson, sp. nov. Plantae frutescentes 2.5 m altae erectae Longe ramosae. Caules fulvescentes subteretes costati dense puberuli. Folia opposita, petiolis indistinctis anguste alatis ca. 5-10 mm longis; laminae lLanceolatae vel anguste ellipticae plerumque 7-9 cm longae et 1.3- 2.3 cm Latae base cuneatae in petiolis decurrentes mar gine minute dense serrulatae apice anguste acutae raro vix acuminatae supra sparse glandulo- punctatae in nervis et nervulis impressae subtus pallidiores multo glandulo-punctatae in nervis sparse puberulae caetera glabrae, nervis secundariis utrinque ca. 5 sensim valde ascendentibus. Inflorescentiae dense corymbosae, ramis valde costatis sparse glanduliferis et puberulis, ramis ultimis 1-7 mm Longis. Capitula 8-9 mm alta ca. 3 mm Lata; squamae involucri albo-virides ca. 15 sub- imbricatae valde inaequales late ovatae vel oblongae 1.5-7.0 mm longae et 1.0-1.5 mm Latae margine minute puberulo-fimbriatae apice rotundatae extus trisulcatae plerumque glabrae superne subapicale sparse glanduli- ferae; receptacula plerumque glabra. Flores ca. 6 in capitulo; corollae albae 4,5-4.8 mm lLongae subtubulares vix infundibulares, tubis ca. 1.5 mm longis glabris, faucis base indistinctis intus dense puberulis extus pauce glanduliferis, lobis oblongo- triangularis ca, 0.7 mm longis et 0.6 mm latis extus sparse glanduliferis; filamenta in parte superiore ca. 0.3 mm longa; thecae 426 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 5 ca. 1.7 mm longae; appendices antherarum bilobatae Late oblongae ca. 0.15 mm longae et 0.25 mm latae. Achaenia 3.5-4.0 mm longa base distincte breviter stipitata base et apice densius et longius setifera apice sparse glandulifera, setis superioribus patentioribus setis omnibus in formis et staturis irregularibus; setae pappi ca. 40 plerumque ca. 4 mm longae. Grana pollinis ca. 22 in diametro. TYPE: BRAZIL: Minas Geraes: Districto Carangola, top of Serra da Grana; open campo above forest; stream- sidé.« ALt.,1700.m. Shrub, 24 m high, long branches, erect. Flower white, just coming into bloom. Common. Feb. 1, 1930. Ynes Mexia 4296 (Holotype, US). Neocabreria mexiae has prominent hairs on the sides of the achene but the form and pubescence of the involucral bracts and the glandular condition of the corollas places the species more in the relationship of N. serrulata. The new species seems distinct by the reduced number of flowers in the heads, there being about ten in N. catharinensis and N. serrulata, and 15-25 in N. concinna and N. ma Lachophylla. The new species is apparently the northernmost member of the genus, all others being restricted to the Parana- Santa Catarina-Rio Grande do Sul-Missiones area. sooo serrulata (DC.) R.M.King & H. Robinson, Phytologia 23 (1): 152. 1972. Eupatorium et eae DG... ProdwatsSii.: LAZy EKCy Syn. Eupatorium acuminatum Hook.& sy eee Comp. Bot. Mag. Tr GT 18 25 i835. CLes6 de4 5 xo ri | Literature Cited Cabrera, A. L. and N. Vittet 1963. Compositae Catharinensis. II. Eupatorieae. Sellowia 15: 149-258, King, R. M. and H. Robinson 1972. Studies in the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae). LXV. A new genus, Neocabreria. Phytologia 23 (1): 151-152. and - . 1974. Studies in the Eupatorieae CAsteraceae). CXXX. Notes on Campulocliniunm, Koanophyllon, Mikania and Symphyopappus. fierclecia 29 (2): 123-129. 1978 King & Robinson, Additions to Neocabreria 27 pam’ eet) A ra eg. Oe Neocabreria mexiae R.M.King & H.Robinson, Holotype, United States National Herbarium. Photos by Victor E. Krantz, Staff Photographer, National Museum of Natural History. 28 P.EY) T\0 L:O/G) Tuk Vol. 38, no. 5 Enlargement of heads of Neocabreria mexiae. BOOK REVIEWS Alma L. Moldenke "FIELD GUIDE TO THE GRASSES, SEDGES AND RUSHES OF THE UNITED STATES" by Edward Knobel, revised by Mildred E. Faust, ii & 83 pp., 28 plates & 600+ b/w illus., Dover Publications, Inc., New York, N. Y. 1001). 1977. $2.00 in U.S.A. & $2.35 in Canada, paperbound. This is an unabridged but revised publication of the original 1899 work entitled "The Grasses, Sedges and Rushes of the Northern United States". Faust's Preface to this Revised Edition states that any needed newer common and scientific names with authorities have been substituted and an index has been added. The convenient key, illustrations, brief descriptions, size and price make this book an excellent companion along with a hand-lens in the field. Way back in college and university field course days I was aided (or quagmired) by Gray's Manual (7th edition) and Britton & Brown's Vol. I (lst or 2nd editions) or Hitchcock's Manual, but somehow (lamentably) I missed the work by Knobel which could have saved much of my time and effort. Of course, this fine book is not being recommended as a substitute for these more detailed classics and their newer editions. "CRUICKSHANK'S PHOTOGRAPHS OF BIRDS OF AMERICA" by Allan D. Cruickshank, x & 182 pp., 177 b/w photograph illus., Dover Publications, Inc., New York, N. Y. 10014. 1977. $6.00 in U.S.A. & $6.95 in Canada, oversize, paperbound. This very attractive book has intrinsic appeal for folks of all ages and all interests because the many, many photographs of birds are well printed, large in size and expertly photographed, all 177 of them (of the 0,000 from which they were selected). This new Dover volume is a greatly expanded and revised version of Cruickshank's "Wings in the Wilderness" (197, Oxford University Press) which was so well received. Each picture is accompaniea by the common and scientific names of the bird as well as by an interesting legend. In the introduction to the original work, Allan Cruickshank mentions his early interest in birds and pays tribute to George T. Hastings, a biology teacher in Evander Childs High School (Bronx, New York City), who permitted this freshman to join his senior high Audubon Club on week-end trips. "Under his leader- ship on these never-to-be-forgotten trips, my eagerness to know more about the avifauna became so intense that I passed every free mimute in the field". Just a couple of years later, I went to the same High School to teach in this inspiring atmosphere and 29 430 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 5 for this reason I particularly appreciate this comment. This is an excellent book for school, college, public, and personal libraries. A lovely gift to give or to receive! "DESCRIPTIONS OF MALAYAN PLANTS I--III" by William Jack, 96 pp., Malayan Miscellanies, Bencoolen, 1820--1822, Reprint Edition Boerhaave Press, P. 0. 1051, Leiden, Netherlands. 1977. Dutch fl. 90, paperbound. More than 150 years ago over 150 original descriptions of plants newly found in parts of the Malayan Archipelago were published by Jack in these three small papers from the Sumatran Mission Press, It is certainly helpful for taxonomic and systematic botanists the world over whose family or group members are found in Malaya to have convenient access to accurate copies of these important exploratory studies in a single volume. For instance, in each of the three sections there are references to members of the Verbenaceae (sens. lat.) of special interest to the Moldenkes. "MUSAEUM ZEYLANICUM, SIVE CATALOGUS PLANTARUM In Zeylana Sponte Nascentium Observatarum & Descriptarum A VIRO CELEBERRIMO, Paulo Hermanno, In Academia Lugduno Batavorum MDCCXVII", {4] ii & 71 pp. Reprint Edition Boerhaave Press, Leiden, P. 0. 1051, Netherlands. 1977. Dutch fl. 60, paperbound. This is a most appropriate time to provide a facsimile edition of this important pre-Linnean list of plants collected by Paul Hermann, the "father of Ceylon Botany", for his herbarium because several botanists from various parts of the world are now contributing to a new Flora of Ceylon. On the very first page I find an entry for Verbena indica for my husband to use in the preparation of his section of the work. "TROISIEME VOYAGE DE J. LINDEN DANS LES PARTIES INTERTROPICALES DE L'AMERIQUE, au Venezuela, dans la Nouvelle-Grenade, a la Jamaique et dans L'fle de Cuba, Exécuté par Ordre du Gouverne- ment Belge pendant les Années 181 a 1845, et Publié sous Ses Auspices, Premiére Partie - Botanique - PLANTAE COLUMBI- ANAE, Tome I" by J. Linden & J.E. Planchon, 6) pp. [2] lxcviii, Bruxelles. 1863. Facsimile Edition, Boerhaave Press, P. 0. 1051, Leiden, Netherlands. 1977. Dutch fl. 85 paperbound. Since it is reported that only five original copies of this work were printed and since a great many plants are recorded, many new species described among the simpler dicots, along with much meteorological data in charts and descriptions in many of these tropical areas, the Boerhaave Press has rendered a great 1978 Moldenke, Book reviews 431 service to today's and tomorrow's botanists with this welcome replication. "EASY GARDENING WITH DROUGHT-RESISTANT PLANTS" by Arno & Irene Nehrling, 320 pp., 113 photographs & 77 line drawings as b/w illus., Dover Publications, Inc., New York, N. Y. 1001. 1975. $3.50 paperbound. This helpful book is a permitted unabridged and unaltered re= publication of the 1968 original from Hearthside Press. The well- know horticulturist-authors have much expert information on "how to do what where and with what plants” not only for the very garden= and agriculture-conscious southwestern part of the United States but virtually everywhere except wet places because our water supply must be conserved. Such gardening can still be beautifully satisfying and yet also require less energy expended in its care. There are well planned chapters on designing drought—tolerant gardens, soil improvement and garden maintenance, and annotated lists of over 500 hardy trees, shrubs, ground covers, vines and annuals. "THE VIEW FROM HAWK MOUNTAIN" by Michael Harwood, 191 pp., 8 b/w illus., Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, N. Y. 10017. 1973. $6.95 clothbound, $2.95 paperbound. Hawk Mountain in Dreyersville, Pennsylvania, is a “small zig- zag in the Kittatinny [Ridge] where a sanctuary was created to protect migrating hawks from the shotguns of a few hundred hunters" each fall. And it is so much more because of the dedi- cation of several conservation leaders such as Mrs. Rosalie Edge and several Audubon Society officials, of the many amateur birders (like the author) who helped build its protective and educational association, and of the long- and hard-working directors, Maurice Broun, Alex Nagy, Frank Haas and their wives and assistants. Our visits date back to the time of Maurice Broun; their glow will be very hard to erase from our memories. This book describes the view from Hawk Mountain interestingly and through many important orientations. "A MONOGRAPH OF THE FERN GENUS BOLBITIS (Lomariopsidaceae)" by E. Hennipman, vi & 331 pp., 12 SEM plates & 87 figs as b/w illus., Leiden University Press, Leiden, Netherlands. 1977. Dutch fl. 92 paperbound. This meticulously prepared treatise appears as the Leiden Botanical Series No. 2. It is very neatly printed and well illustrated with juvenile and adult, sterile and fertile leaf 32 PRY T 0O:L OG Ph Vol. 38, no. 5 forms, geographic distribution maps, spore surfaces, chromosomes, rhizomes, and charts and diagrams comparing these and other feat— ures, such as life cycles and as ontogenesis and diversification. Hybridization, allo- and autoploidization are common phenomena in this pantropic genus, but no apogamy has been verified. The hy species with some additional infraspecific distinctions and the 13 known hybrids are keyed apart mainly on pinnae characters but only after. 3 geographic divisions — Africa with Madagascar, America, and Asia with the Pacific Islands — are established. "GARDENING WITH WILD FLOWERS" by Frances Tenenbaum, 206 pp., 60 b/w & 10 color photographs as illus., Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, N. Y. 10017. 1973. $7.95. For nearly 100 wild flowering plants and ferns sensible directions for collection or purchase and setting into such gar- dens as woodland, seashore, water edges, and naturalized meadows are given in chatty easy-reading style. Precautions against poisonous plants, high alpine ones and such rarities as wild orchids are given for people and plant safety. The photographs make fine illustrations: the line drawings with more finish and detail would have measured up better to the quality of the rest of the book. "WILDFLOWERS AND THE STORIES BEHIND THEIR NAMES" text by Phyllis S. Busch & paintings by Anne Ophelia Dowden, iv & 88 pp., 27 colored & 26 b/w illus., Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, N. Y. 10017. 1977. $9.95. What a charmer this book is with its many almost natural size (4/5) illustrations of the exquisite Dowden paintings (half in full color) and with its interestingly told stories of the ori- gins of 8) names of common plants! While it is designed for young readers, it most certainly should have appeal above and below this age range, and throughout all ranges of botanical in- terests and training, even to those knowing more stories about the origins of the names of these and other plants. This book should get much use in personal, school and public libraries with copies or cataloguing jor both juvenile and adult divisions. It makes a pleasant gift to give and to re= ceive. I was particularly pleased to note that the author, Dr. Busch, who has been a bioscience teacher and writer, dedicated this book to the very fine Dr. Harold H. Clum, one of her (and my) botany professors at Hunter College. I would have liked to have paid him such a deserved tribute, but instead can only "second such a motion", 4) | PHYTOLOGIA Designed to expedite botanical publication ol. 38 March 1978 ‘No. 6 Puao t Apes 197% CONTENTS ANONI, T. A., The American junipers of the section Sabina (Juniperus, mmressaceae )—a. century later... 2 ee ee ew 433 URNER, B. T., A new species of Acourtia (Asteraceae-Mustisieae) from MereCH Tal, OAXACA, MEXICO. oo Sere vic. c sake ok nce 455 URNER, B. T., Taxonomic study of the scapiform species of Acourtia ee CCU IUTISTIONE pr. 00 a hee Soe ee alg cee ea ee 456 See Pgiusetum stores gold .: 20. 6 ek le ee a 469 [OLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the genus Lippia. VV ........ 474 RINK, D., & MAYER, L. M., A floristic survey of eight coal sites in the Decker, Montana-Sheridan, Wyoming area ............. 483 {OLDENKE, H. N., Notes on new and noteworthy plants. CIX ...... 498 eee. Book FeviewS- i i ee ke le eee 500 dexovaurnors.in Volume Thirty-eight ..00.....0 6 ee we 503 idex to supraspecific scientific names in Volume Thirty-eight ........ 503 SI 22 ce (hr go i epics oda a aa ole a Shee a de Pode 512 NNOUNCEMENT TO LIBRARIANS ........................ 512 Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 303 Parkside Road Plainfield, New Jersey 07060 U.S.A. tice of this number $1.50; per volume $9.75 in advance or $10.50 after close of the volume; 75 cents extra to all foreign addresses; 512 pages constitute a volume; claims for numbers lost in the mails must be made immediately after receipt of the next following number. ie: THE AMERICAN JUNIPERS OF THE SECTION SABINA (JUNIPERUS, CUPRESSACEAE)--A CENTURY LATER Thomas A. Zanoni* Oklahoma Biological Survey, University of Oklahoma Norman, Oklahoma 73019 Engelmann (1977) published the first account of the taxa of Juniperus (Cupressaceae), section Sabina of North America a century ago. Fourteen taxa were recognized at that time. Reevaluation of the sabinoid junipers of North America, as a whole, has not been made since then. In the intervening period, several regional stud- ies concerning the taxonomy of the taxa have been made (Mexico: Martinez, 1944, 1946, 1953, 1963; Mexico and Guatemala: Zanoni and Adams, 1975a, 1976; United States: Sargent, 1896, 1902; W. United States: Vasek, 1966, Vasek and Scora, 1967). Numerous studies have been made concerning populational variation and hybridization (Adams 1972, 1975a, 1975b; Adams and Turner, 1970; Fassett, 1944a, 1944b, 1945a, 1945b, 1945c; Flake, Von Rudloff, and Turner, 1969; Hall, 1952a, 1952b, 1955; Hall and Carr, 1964, 1968; Hall, McCormick, and Fogg, 1962; Schurtz, 1973; Van Haverbeke, 1968). The literature concerning the North American sabinoid junipers has been examined intensively as a consequence of the current work on the Mexican and Guatemalan junipers (Zanoni and Adams, 1975a and 1976). This preparation of the extensive synonymy was prompted to clarify the confused state of knowledge of these taxa, to incorpo- rate the latest published research,to include our (T.A. Zanoni and R.P. Adams) observations of the taxa, to comment on the problematic taxa, to establish the distributions, and to cite other relevant literature relating to these taxa. The recognition of "variety" is preferred over that of "sub- species" in this treatment to maintain uniformity in subspecific hierarchal ranking (the usage of "variety'' has predominated in the genus Juniperus) and lessen the nomenclatural baggage that would accumulate by changes in hierarchal ranking. Dates of publication of earlier literature have been checked against Stafleu (1967). *The author wishes to thank the followtng: R. P. Adams, Setence Research Center, Gruver, Texas for review and asststance; Mrs. L. Saracino, Colorado State Untversitty Librarian; R. MeVaugh, Univer- stty of Michigan for assistance tn geographical and nomenclatural matters; the curators of B, BM, GH, HAL, P, and PH, for thetr ass- tstance in the search for type specimens in thetr herbarta which the author was not able to visit; and H. Barnes who typed the manuscript. 433 43h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 6 Synonymy of cultivars of Juniperus has not been included in this paper because of the inherent problems in determining the origins of cultivars, and tracing the nomenclatural history in horticul- tural literature. Holotypes or lectotypes are cited for taxa when they have been found. If the search for a type yielded no type, or if recent lit- erature indicated that types are not extant for certain authorities, the author of this paper indicates this in the citations of types. Citation of types of the taxa named by Martinez (1944, 1946) may differ from those listed in his publications. Martinez marked specimens with the word "tipo'' at MEXU, and it is clear that these specimens were the types. Juniperus L., Sp. Pl. 1038. 1753; Sabina P. Miller, Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4. 1754; Sabiniia Lewis, Univ. Texas Bull. 223435 1915. (misspelled); Thuiaecarpus Trautvetter, Pl. Imag. Fl. Russ. 11. 1844; Arceuthos Antoine & Kotschy, Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 249. 1854. Type species: Juniperus communis L. Several authors (beginning with Antoine, 1857) acknowledged the genus Sabina Miller. Examination of the text in the Gardeners Dictionary (Miller, 1754) revealed that the distinction between Juniperus and Sabina is the same as used section Oxycedrus and section Sabina of Juniperus sensu lato. Miller (1754) describes Juniperus as "The leaves are long, narrow, and prickly; the Male Flowers are in some Species produced at remote Distances from the Fruit on the same Tree; but in the other Species they are produced on different Trees from the Fruit: the Fruit is a soft pulpy Berry, containing three Seeds in each." Sabina is described as "It hath compact, rigid, and prickly ever- green Leaves: the Fruit is small, small spherical, and warted; and the whole Plant has a very rank strong Smell." Leaf and seed number characteristics are the differences between Miller's genera. The inclusion of "3. Juniperus virginiana. H.L. Folio ubique juniper- ino. Boerh. Ind. the Cedar of Virginia," "4. Juniperus virginiana, foliis inferioribus juniperinus, superioribus sabinam, vel cypressum referentibus. Boerh. Ind. Red Virginian Cedar," and "5. Juniperus Bermudiana. H.L. The Cedar of Bermudas" in Juniperus illustrates Miller's limited knowledge of the different leaf types found in Juniperus. The juvenile leaves of J. virginiana L. and J. bermud- iana L. were considered to be equivalent to the mature (adult) leaves of J. communis L. These species (J. bermudiana and J. vir- giniana) should have been placed in Sabina Miller; also, the sabi- noid scale-shaped leaf and the number of seeds per cone do not fit Miller's description of Juniperus. The circumscription of the genus Juniperus by Linnaeus (1753) is preferred over Miller's Juniperus and Sabina, allowing for con- siderable diversity in vegetative and reproductive characters. The 1978 Zanoni, American junipers 435 variation (see review by Lemoine-Sebastian, 1967a, and 1967b) can be recognized at the sectional level, as accepted by most authors (Komarov, 1934, and Gaussen, 1967, use subgenera, but no formal re- cognition of these taxa as subgenera has been made). Section Oxy- cedrus Spach (Ann. Sci. Nat. ser, 2, 16:288. 1841) accommodates Juniperus sensu Miller; Section Sabina Spach (Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, 16:291. 1841) accommodates Sabina sensu Miller. Juniperus drupacea Labill. has been placed in the monotypic section Caryocedrus Endlicher (Syn. Conif. 8, 1847.) or alterna- tively in the monotypic genus Arcenthos Antoine & Kotschy. Gaussen (1967) admitted that when recognizing sections Oxycedrus and Sabina in Juniperus, one does not have much argument for exclusion of J. drupacea from Juniperus. Current work (Zanoni and Adams, 1975a, 1976) does not substan- tiate the divisions of the sabinoid junipers into the "sections" and "series" of Gaussen (1968) or the subsections of Martinez (1946). Recognition of subsections of section Sabina is not made here. Generic typification of Juniperus has been confused in the literature. Florin (1956) accepted Pilger's (1926) "typische Art" as the first designation of generic lectotypes. However, the ear- liest typification of Juniperus appears to be that by Britton (1908) in "North American Trees," an often neglected source for typifica- tion of arborescent genera, where it is clearly stated"...the type species being Juniperus communis Linnaeus." (p. 107). The type species is the same as designated by Pilger (1926). 1. Juniperus ashei Buchholz, Bot. Gaz. 9:329. 1930. Type: United States: Arkansas: Stone County: Sylamore, W. W. Ashe 22520 (Lectotype: NCU!, selected by Hall, 1954). J. occidentalis var. Texana Vasey, Rep. {U.S.] Commiss. Agric. 1875:185. 1876. Type: Not designated by Vasey. nomen nudum. J. occidentalis var. ? conjungens Engelmann, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 3:590. 1877. Type: United States: Texas: (locality unknown), Berlandier 671 (Holotype: MO; Isotype: US!). J. sabinoides (H.B.K.) Nees sensu Sargent, Silva N. Amer. 10:91. 1897; non J. sabinoides (H.B.K.) Nees, Linnaea 19: 706. 1847; Sabina sabinoides (H.B.K.) J.K. Small, Fl. Southeastern U.S. 33, 1326. 1903, This species had been frequently called J. mexicana Sprengel by various authors (e.g. Hopkins, 1938). The name J. mexicana had been erroneously applied to J. ashei and many other sw, United 36 POH: YP Qube Oy Gite ks Vol. 38, no. 6 States and Mexican species. Usage of J. sabinoides for this taxon was based upon improper application of a name that is currently a synonym of a form of J. monticola. Hall and Carr (1964) reported hybridization with J. virginiana; Hall, McCormick, and Fogg (1962) reported hybridization with J. pinchotii. See Adams and Turner (1970) and Flake, Von Rudloff, and Turner (1969) about hybridiza- tion in J. ashei. Distribution: Arkansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas, U.S.A.; and Coahuila, Mexico. Maps: Little (1971), Maps 21-W, 21-E; Adams (1975a), Fig. 2. Selected References: Adams (1975a); Adams and Turner (1970); Hall (1954). 2. Juniperus blancoi Martinez, Anal. Inst. Biol. Mexico 17:73, 74. 1946. Type: Mexico: Durango: Arroyo de Penuelas in El Salto, C.E. Blanco A-500 (Holotype: MEXU!). Distribution: States of Durango, Sonora, and nw. Mexico, Mexico. Map: Zanoni and Adams (1978). 3. Juniperus californica Carriere, Rev. Hort. ser. IV, 3:352. 1854. Type: United States: California: (locality?), M. Boursier s.n. (Holotype: P); Sabina californica (Carr.) Antoine, Cuppress.--Gatt. 52. 1857. J. pyriformis Lindley, Gard. Chron. (23 June 1855): 420. 1855. Type: United States: California: San Bernardino Mountains, W. Lobb. J. cerrosianus Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2:37. 1859. Type: Mexico: Baja California: Cedros Island, Veatch s.n. (Holotype: A!); J. cedrosiana Kellogg, Hesperian 4:3,4. 1860. Type: Mexico: Baja California: Cedros Island, Veatch s.n. (Holotype: probably same as for J. cerrosianus, see Zanoni and Adams, 1973). [Qi - occidentalis W. J. Hooker sensu Parlatore in DC, Prodromus 16(2):489, 490. 1868. J. californica var. siskiyouensis L. F. Henderson, from Oregon is J. occidentalis. Distribution: California, s. Nevada, w. Arizona, U.S.A.; Baja California, Mexico. Maps: Little (1971), Map 20-W; Vasek (1966), Fig. 5; Zanoni and Adams (1973), Fig. 1. Selected References: Vasek (1966); Vasek and Scora (1967); Zanoni and Adams (1973). 4. Juniperus comitana Martinez, Anal. Inst. Biol. Mexico 15:12,13. 1944. Type: Mexico: Chiapas: 12 km. S. of Comitan, Martinez, 6700 (Holotype: MEXU!). 1978 Zanoni, American junipers 437 Distribution: Departamentos af Baja Verapaz, Huehuetenango, and Zacapa, Guatemala; Chiapas, Mexico. Map; Zangni and Adams (1978). 5. Juniperus deppeana Steudel 5a. Juniperus deppeana Steudel var. deppeana, Nom. Bot. ed. 2:835. 1841; J. mexicana Schlecht. & Chamisso, Linnaea 5:77, 1830. Type: Mexico: Vera Cruz: Llanos de Perote, Schiede in 1828 (Isotype: MO!); non J. mexicana Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 3:909. 1826; J. foetida & thurifera Spach., Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2. 16:298. 1841; Sabina mexicana (Schlecht. & Chamisso) Antoine, Cupress. -Gatt. 38. 1857. J. gigantea Roezl, Cat. Graines Conif. Mexico 8. 1857. Type: Mexico: Tlaxcala: (locality?), Roezl (Holotype: loca- tion not known). Sabina gigantea (Roezl) Antoine, Cup- ress.--Gatt. 36. 1857. The earliest available epithet for this taxon is J. deppeana (see Little, 1948, for nomenclatural discussion). J. mexicana Schlecht. can not be applied to this taxon because the combination was used earlier by Sprengel for plants now referred to J. monticola f. compacta Martinez. Distribution: Texas, U.S.A.; Coahuila, s. in Sierra Madre Oriental to Puebla, Mexico. Map: Zanoni and Adams (1978). 5b. Juniperus deppeana var. deppeana f. sperryi (Correll) iRePe Adams, Brittonia 25:289. 1973; J. deppeana var. Sperryi Correll, Wrightia 3:188. 1966. Type: United States: Texas: Jeff Davis County: Dry Canyon of Davis Mountains, about 8 mi. from Sproul Ranch Headquarters. Sperry 18/0 (Type: GH; Isotype: US!). Distribution: Texas, U.S.A.; Sonora, Mexico. Map: Zanoni and Adams (1978). Selected Reference: Adams (1973). 5c. Juniperus deppeana var. pachyphlaea (J. Torrey) Martinez, Anal. Inst. Biol. Mexico 17:53. 1946; J. pachyphlaea J. Torrey, U.S. Rep. Survey Miss.--Pacific 4(5):142. 1857. Type: United States: New Mexico: Zuni Mountains, Bigelow in 1853 (Holotype: NY!); J. pachyphloea J. Torrey in Ives, Rep. Colo. River 4:28. 1861. Sabina pachyphlaea (J. Torrey) Antoine, Cupress;-Gatt. 39. 1857. Sabina pa- chyphloea (J. Torrey) A. A. Heller, Muhlenbergia 5:120. 1909. Sabina pachyphloea (J. Torrey) I.M, Lewis. Univ. Texas Bull. 22:43. 1915. J. pachyderma Sitgreaves, Rep. Exped. Zuni Colo. River. 35. 1854; J. plochyderma in Sitgreaves, Rep. Exped. Zuni Colo. River plate 16. 1854; (Sitgreaves used J. pachyderma; how- 4,38 PBX D0 Ay OrGr as A Vol. 38, no. 6 ever Torrey did not use the name in the botanical descrip- tion. J. plochyderma is a printer's error); Sabina plo- chyderma Antoine, Cupress,—-Gatt. 40. 1857. This variety has not been studied recently. Investigations relating it to the other varieties of J. deppeana are needed. Distribution: Arizona and New Mexico, U.S.A.; Sonora, Mexico. 5d. Juniperus deppeana var. patoniana (Martinez) T. A. Zanoni, Biochem. Syst. & Ecology 4:152. 1976: J. patoniana Mar- tinez, Anal. Inst. Biol. Mexico 17:62, 63. 1946. Type: Mexico: Durango: El Salto, C.E. Blanco 6710 (Holotype: MEXU!). J. patoniana f. obscura Martinez, Anal. Inst. Biol. Mexico 17: 68. 1946. Type: Mexico: Durango: El Salto: C, E. Blanco A-510 (Holotype: MEXU!); J. deppeana var. obscura (Martinez) Gaussen, Trav. Lab. Forest. Toulouse Tome IT, Sect. I, Vol. 1, partie: Ilé2, fase; 1039) 1503 sio27eeles. Distribution: Sierra Madre Occidental of Durango, Mexico. Map: Zanoni and Adams (1978). 5e. Juniperus deppeana var. robusta Martinez, Anal. Inst. Biol, Mexico 17:47. 1946. Type: Mexico: Durango: Pueblo Nuevo, Estevez A502 (Holotype: MEXU!). Distribution: Sierra Madre Occidental from Chihuahua and Sonora, s. to Jalisco and Zacatecas, Mexico. Map: Zanoni and Adams (1978). 5£. Juniperus deppeana var. zacatecensis Martinez, Anal. Inst. Biol. Mexico 17:57, 58. 1946. Type: Mexico: Zacatecas: 10 km. W. of Sombrerete, Martinez A503 (Holotype: MEXU!); J. zacatensis (Martinez) Gaussen, Trav. Lab. Forest. Tou- louse Tome II,:Sect. I, Vol. 1, partie LL, 2B °tasceaiUes lor. 1968. Distribution: In w. Zacatecas and adjacent Durango, Mexico. Map: Zanoni and Adams (1977). 6. Juniperus durangensis Martinez, Anal. Inst. Biol. Mexico 17:94, 95. 1946. Type: Mexico: Durango: Puerto de Santo Dom- ingo, 30 km. from El Salto, Martinez 7015 (Holotype: MEXU!). Distribution: Sonora, Chihuahua, Durango, Zacatecas, Aguascalientes and Jalisco, Mexico. Map: Zanoni and Adams (1978). 7. Juniperus erythrocarpa Cory, Rhodora 38:186. 1936. Type: United States; Texas: Brewster County; Laguna in Chisos Mts., Cory 7642 (Holotype: A!). 1978 Zanoni, American junipers 4439 J. erythrocarpa var. coahuilensis Martinez, Anal. Inst. Biol. Mexaconly/i-lilo al On O46. Type: Mexico: Coahuila: Sierra de los Hechiceros, Johnston and Muller 1290 (Holo- type: MEXU!; Isotypes: GH!, NA!, TENN!, TEX!), J. coa- huilensis (MareineZ) Gaussen, Trav. Lab. Forest. Toulouse ome Eh Sect. iL, sVOl nel partie: lmib2 askase. Ole 54. 1968. J. texensis Van Melle, Phytologia 4:26. 1952. Type: United States: Brewster County: Big Bend National Park, Brenck- le 51019 (Holotype: NY!; Isotype: A). See J. pinchotii for comments, Distribution: Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas, Mexico; s. Arizona, s. New Mexico, and w. Texas, U.S.A. Map: Zanoni and Adams (1978). Selected References: Adams (1975b); Zanoni and Adams (1975a, 1976, 1978). 8. Juniperus flaccida Schlecht. 8a. Juniperus flaccida Schlecht. var. flaccida, Linnaea 12:495. 1838. Types: Mexico: Hidalgo: Atotonilco el Chico, Schiede in pes Mexico: Hidalgo: Regla, Ehrenberg s.n. ‘(Holotypes ~ location not known, probably lost or destroy- ed; Isotype = MO 20659191, U:S. 12053431!)s J. foetida G minecida Gehilecht=)) Spach, Ann. Sex. Nat... sen. 2en6: 300. 1841; Sabina flaccida (Schlecht.) Antoine, Cupress.--Gatt. 37. 1857; Sabina flaccida (Schlecht.) A. A. Heller, Muh- lenbergia 5:120. 1909; Sabina flaccida (Schlecht.) I. M. Lewis, Univ. Texas Bull. 22:43, 1915. J. gracilis Endl., Syn. Conif. 31. 1847; J. gracilis Hort. in Roezl., Cat. Graines Conif. Mexico. 8 1857. Type: not designated. J. gigantea Roezl in part, Cat. Graines Conif. Mexico. 8. 1857. Type: Mexico: Mexico: Tenancingo at 7-8000 feet, Roezl s.n. (Holotype: location not known); Sabina gigan- tea tea (Roezl) Antoine in part, Cupress.-Gatt. 36. 18575; Ji. flaccida var. gigantea (Roezl) Gaussen, Trav. Lab. Forest. toulouse ome Li, (Sect. L,) Vol. lj partie: lie2, tasc. 0. ieee LOGS. Distribution: Texas, U.S.A.; Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila and Ta- maulipas, s. to Jalisco and Oaxaca, Mexico. Map: Zanoni and Adams, (1978). 8b. Juniperus flaccida var. poblana Martinez, Anal. Inst. Biol. Mexico 17:31. 1946. Type: Mexico: Puebla: Amozoc at 2300 m., Martinez 507 (Holotype: MEXU!). Ve) PHY TOG LOG Tt & Vol. 38, no. 6 Cupressus thurifera H.B.K., Nova Gen. et Sp. Pl. 2:3. 1817. Type: Mexico: Guerrero: prope Tasco et Tehuilotepec, Humboldt and Bonpland 3956 (Holotype: P; as fragments and photograph!); Chamaecyparis thurifera Endl., Syn. Conif. 62. 1847. Distribution: Jalisco, e. to Oaxaca, Mexico. Map: Zanoni and Adams (1978). 9. Juniperus gamboana Martinez, Anal. Inst. Biol. Mexico 15:7,8. 1944. Type: Mexico: Chiapas: near Teopisca, Martinez 6701 (Holotype: MEXU!). Distribution: Huehuetenango, Guatemala; Chiapas, Mexico. Map: Zanoni and Adams (1978). 10. Juniperus horizontalis Moench, Meth. Pl. 699. 1794. Type: no longer extant (see Stafleu, 1967); Sabina vulgaris Antoine in part, Cupress.--Gatt. 58. 1857; Sabina hor- izontalis (Moench) Rydberg, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 39:100. OT: J. prostrata Persoon, Syn. Pl. 2:632. 1807. Type: Canada: A. Michaux; J. sabina var. prostrata (Persoon) Loudon, Arb. Frut. Brit. 4:2499. 1838; J. virginiana var. pros- trata (Persoon) Torrey, Fl. New York 2:235. 1843. Sabina prostrata (Persoon) Antoine, Cupress.--Gatt. 57. 1857. J. sabina § procumbens Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 647. 1814 (based upon specimens of Michaux. ) - repens Nuttall, Gen. N. Amer. Pl. Pee py Lisys — Afeyiltss~ J. hudsonica Forbes, Pinet. Woburn. 208. 1829. 1a foetida Y multicaulis Spach in part, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, 16:295. 1841. J. sabina B. humilis Carriere in part, Traite Gen. Conif. 35. 1855. J. horizontalis f. lobata 0. W. Knight, Rhodora 9:202. 1907. Type: United States: Maine: Otter Cliffs on Mount Desert Island, O. W. Knight 5311. Distribution: Boreal, from Alaska, e. to Newfoundland, s. to Mon- tana, Wyoming, Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois, Michigan, New York, and Connecticut. Maps: Little (1971) Maps 22.1-N, 22.1-W, 22.1-E; Viereck and Little (1975), Map 14. 11. Juniperus jaliscana Martinez, Anal. Inst. Biol. Mexico 769) 1946. Type: Mexico: Jalisco: Cuale, Gonzalez 7002 1978 Zanoni, American junipers hh (Holotype: MEXU!). Distribution: Pueblo Nuevo in Durango and Cuale in Jalisco, Mexico. Map: Zanoni and Adams (1978). 12. Juniperus monosperma (Engelmann) Sargent. 12a. Juniperus monosperma (Engelmann) Sargent var. monosperma, Silva N. Amer. 10:38. 1896; J. occidentalis var. 8 mono- sperma Engelmann, Trans. Acad, Sci. St. Louis 3:590. 1877. Type: United States: Colorado: Fremont County: Canon City, (collector ?) (Holotype: MO); Sabina monosperma (Engelmann) Rydberg, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32:598. 1904; j. mexicana var. monosperma (Engelmann) Cory, Rhodora 38: 183. 1936. J. occidentalis var. (c) gymnocarpa Lemmon, Handb. West-Amer. Cone-Bearers ed. 3, 80. 1895. Type: none designated; J. monosperma f. gymnocarpa (Lemmon) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 7:239. 1926; J. gymnocarpa (Lemmon) Cory in part, Rhodora 38:184. 1936. Florin (1933) and Morton (1941) reviewed the occurrence of gymnocarpy (seeds exerted from the cone) in Juniperus. Our field observations indicate that gymnocarpy occurs in cones of any species of Juniperus in North America. Insect larvae infest the immature cones, causing abnormal development of seeds and cones, resulting in the gymnocarpous condition. Usually, the seed will not contain a fully-developed endosperm and embryo. Cory (1936), in changing the status of J. occidentalis var. gymnocarpa Lemmon, included sev- eral species in his J. gymnocarpa. Lemmon (1895) stated that he observed the plants on the Sandia Mountains, near Albuquerque, New Mexico. These plants are referrable to J. monosperma. Cory (1936) altered Lemmon's description to include plants from sw. Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, Colorado, and Mexico. Subsequently, he inadvertedly included plants that are now recognized as J. ery- throcarpa, J. pinchotii, and possibly J. osteosperma in his J. gym- nocarpa. Cory did not recognize the teratological nature of gymno- carpy in his specimens, and assumed it to be a valid characteristic. J. monosperma var. monosperma has been reported from s. Arizona (s. of the Mogollon Rim) and in n. Mexico (Sonora, Chihuahua, Dur- ango, Coahuila, Zacatecas, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, and Tamau- lipas). Our field observations and chemotaxonomic investigations (Adams, 1972; Adams, 1975b; Zanoni and Adams, 1975a and 1976) have shown that the junipers are J. erythrocarpa, J. pinchotii, and J. monosperma var. gracilis. We have not seen herbarium specimens nor observed live plants from Mexico that are J. monosperma var. mono- sperma. Distribution: s. central Colorado, into n. Arizona, New Mexico, hh2 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 6 nw. Oklahoma, and w. and n. Texas, U.S.A. 12b. Juniperus monosperma var. gracilis Martinez, Anal. Inst. Biol. Mexico 17:111, 112. 1946. Type: Mexico: San Luis Potosi: Hacienda de Angostura, Pringle 3771 (Holotype: not at MEXU; Isotypes: VT, ARIZ!, F!, GH!, MO!, NY!, UC!). Distribution: Sierra Madre Oriental foothills from Coahuila, s. to Hidalgo, Mexico. Map: Zanoni and Adams (1978). 13. Juniperus monticola Martinez 13a. Juniperus monticola Martinez f. monticola, Anal. Inst. Biol. Mexico 17:79. 1946; J. tetragona Schlecht., Linnaea 12: 495. 1838, nom. nov. Type: Mexico: Hidalgo: Mineral del Monte, Ehrenberg s.n. (Holotype: not found, pro- bably lost or destroyed; Isotype: here designated, MO!); non J. tetragona Moench, Meth. Pl. 699, 1794; Sabina tetra- gona (Schlecht.) Antoine, Cupress.--Gatt. 40. 1857. Distribution: Jalisco, Michoacan, Guerrero, Mexico, Puebla, Mexico. Map: Zanoni and Adams (1978). 13b. Juniperus monticola f. compacta Martinez, Anal, Inst. Biol. Mexico 17:87. 1946; Cupressus sabinoides H.B.K., Nova Gen. et Sp. Pl. 2:3, 4. 1817. Type: Mexico: VeragCruz: Cofre de Perote, Humboldt and Bonplant s.n. (Holotype: P); J. mexicana Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 3:909. 1826; non J. mex- icana Schlecht. & Chamisso, Linnaea 5:77. 1830; J. sabi- noides (H.B.K.) Nees, Linnaea 19:706. 1847; J. sabinoides Humboldt [erroneously attributed] in Lindley and Gordon, J. Hort. Soc. 5:202. 1850; non J. sabinoides Griseb., Spiecil: Fl. Rumel. 2:352. 1844. [1845 or 1846 according to Staf- leu, 1967]. The nomenclatural history of this taxon was reviewed by Hall (1954). Sprengel's use of J. mexicana is illegitimate because the specific epithet from Cupressus sabinoides should have been used. J. mexicana Schlecht. and Chamisso and J. sabinoides (H.B.K.) Nees are homonyms of J. mexicana Spengel and J. sabinoides Griseb., respec- tively. Martinez’ decision to base J. monticola upon J. tetragona Schlecht. (an illegitimate epithet) and the recognition of a J. mon- ticola f. compacta based upon Cupressus sabinoides require the usage of J. monticola f. monticola and J. monticola f. compacta as legit- imate epithets for these two taxa. Distribution: Jalisco, Mexico, Nuevo Leon, Puebla, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Vera Cruz, Mexico. Map: Zanoni and Adams (1978). 13c. Juniperus monticola f. orizabensis Martinez, Anal. Inst. Biol. Mexico 17:91. 1946. Type: Mexico: Vera Cruz: Pico de 1978 Zanoni, American junipers 3 Orizaba, I. de B. 162 (Holotype: location not known, not found; Lectotype: here designated, Martinez 8001, MEXU!). Distribution: Nuevo Leon, Puebla, Vera Cruz, Mexico. Map: Zanoni and Adams (1978). 14. Juniperus occidentalis W. J. Hooker 14a. Juniperus occidentalis W. J. Hooker var. occidentalis, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:166, 1838. Type: United States: Washington on the Columbia River, a of junction with Spokane River [see Douglas' journal], . Douglas in April, 1826 (Holo- type: K; fragment at am Sabina occidentalis (W. J. Hooker) Antoine, Cupress.--Gatt. 64. 1857; Sabina occi- dentalis (W. J. Hooker) A. A. Heller, Muhlenbergia 1:47. 1904. J. californica var. siskiyouensis L. F. Henderson, Rhodora 33: 203. 1931. Type: United States: Oregon: Jackson County "Summit of the Siskiyou Mountains, near highway", L. F. Henderson 12483 (Holotype: ORE). J. occidentalis f. robinsoni 0. V. Matthew, J. Forestry 43: 756. 1945. Type: United States: Oregon: Gilliam County; 1.5 mi. W of Lonerock, Matthews on 20 February 1945 (Holo- type: Peck Herbarium of Williamette Univ., Salem, Oregon, on loan to OSC). J. excelsa sensu Pursh had been considered a synonym of J. occidentalis; Sargent (1902, page 94 footnote 2) examined the spec- imen collected by M. Lewis, and decided that J. scopulorum was col- lected. Reexamination of the same specimen (as fragments and photo- graph) confirmed Sargent's decision. (See synonymy under J. scop- ulorum). Distribution: In forests and sagebrush from Lassen County, Calif- ornia, to nw. Nevada and e. Oregon, to sw. Washington, U.S.A. (Vasek 1966). Map: Vasek (1966), Fig. 5. 14b. Juniperus occidentalis var. australis (Vasek) A. Holmgren and N. Holmgren in Conquist, Holmgren, Holmgren, and Reveal, Intermountain Fl. 1:239. 1972; J. occidentalis ssp. aus- tralis Vasek, Brittonia 18:352. 1966. Type: United States: California: San Bernardino County: 0.2 mi. N of North Shore Highway on Polique Canyon Road to Holcombe Valley, Vasek 610929-38 (Holotype: RSA). Distribution: In forests and pinyon woodland from Lassen County, California, s. to San Bernardino Mountain, and w. Nevada, U.S.A. (Vasek, 1966; Little, 1971). Map: Vasek (1966), Fig. 5. Selected References: Fowells (1965); Griffin and Critchfield (1972); Vasek bbb P BZ 04 O67 Vol. 38, no. 6 (1966); Vasek and Scora (1967). 15. Juniperus osteosperma (J. Torrey) Little, Leafl. Western Bot. 5:125. 1948; J. tetragona var. osteosperma J. Torrey, U.S. Rpt. Surv. Miss.—Pacific 4(5):141, 142. 1857. Type: United States: Arizona: Coconino County: "Near Bill Williams' Mtn." Bigelow in January, 1854 (Lectotype: de- signated by Little (1948), NY!) and United States: Calif- ornia: San Bernardino County: "on hills fifty miles west of the Colorado of California" [probably in Providence Mtns. (Little, 1948)], Bigelow in March, 1857 (Lectotype: designated by Little (1948), US!); Sabina osteosperma (J. Torrey) Antoine, Cupress.-Gatt. 51. 1857. - Knighti A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 25:198. 1898. Type: United States: Wyoming: Sweetwater County: "Point of Rocks," A. Nelson 3096 (Holotype: RM); J. monosperma var. Knightii (A. “Nelson) Let Lemmon, Handb. West-American Cone-bearers ed. 4, 114. 1900; Sabina knightii (A. Nelson) Rydberg, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32:598. 1904. J. megalocarpa Sudworth, Forestry & Irrig. 13:308. 1907. Type: United States: New Mexico: Catron County: midway between Alma and Frisco, about 3 mi. above "Widow Kelley's Ranch" on the San Francisco River, W. R. Mattoon in 1906 (Holotype: US); Sabina megalocarpa (Sudworth) Cockerell, Muhlenbergia 3:143. 1908; J. utahensis var. megalocarpa (Sudworth) Sargent, Bot. Gaz. 67:208. 1919; J. utahensis megalocarpa Sudworth, U.S.D.A. Misc. Circ. 92: a * ane) J. Californicus var. Utahense Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees U.S. 37. 1876, also Rpt. [U.S] (Comm. Agric. 1875: “SSS ealsiion Type: Not designated by Vasey. nomen subnudum; J. Cali- fornica var. Utahensis Engelmann, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci. 3:588. 1877. Type: Not designated by Engelmann; J. occidentalis var. utahensis (Engelmann) Kent in Veitch's Man Conif. 289. 1881; J. utahensis (Engelmann). Lemmon, California State Board Forestry Bienn. Rpt. 3:183. 1890; Sabina utahensis (Engelmann) Rydberg, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32:598. 1904. J. utahensis var. cosnino Lemmon, Sierra Club Bull. 4:122. 1902. Type: United States: Arizona: Coconino County: "along and near Cosnino Canon, ten miles east of Flagstaff, Arizona, south and near the base of the San Francisco Mountains," J. G. Lemmon and Wife on 25 November 1892; J. Cosnino Lemmon, Sierra Club Bull. 4:123. 1902. Little (1948) reviewed the synonymy of J, occidentalis, there- fore repetition of the comments need not be made here. However, see J. andina in section "Indeterminable Epithets" in this present paper. 1978 Zanoni, American junipers Ws Distribution: Mainly in the Great Basin region, from extreme s, Montana and s. Idaho, intg e. and s. California, Nevada, Utah, w. Colorado, n. Arizona, and w. New Mexico, U.S.A, Maps: Little (1971), Map 27-W; Griffin and Critchfield (1972), Map 33; Vasek (1966) Fig. 5. Selected. References: Little (1948); Vasek (1966); Vasek and Scora (1967); Wight and Fisser (1968). 16. Juniperus pinchotii Sudworth, Forest. & Irrig. 10:204, 1905. Type: United States: Texas: Randall County: Paloduro Canyon, Clothier in May, 1905 (Holotype: U.S, 1583659!); Sabina pinchotii ‘(Sudworth) I. M. Lewis, Univ. Texas Bull. 22:44. 1915; J. monosperma var. pinchotii (Sudworth) Van Melle, Phytologia 4:29. 1952. J. erythrocarpa was frequently combined under J. pinchotii; however, evidence (Adams, 1975b; Zanoni and Adams, 1975a, 1976) has indicated that the old usage of J. pinchotii includes two taxa--J. erythrocarpa and J. pinchotii. Distribution: sw. Oklahoma, w. Texas, se. New Mexico, U.S.A.; Coa- huila, Mexico. Map: Adams (1975b), Fig. 1.; Zanoni and Adams (1978). Selected References: Adams (1972); Adams, (1975b); Smith, Wright, Schuster (1975); Zanoni and Adams (1975a, 1976, 1978). 17. Juniperus saltillensis M. T. Hall, Fieldiana, Bot. 34:45. 1971. Type: Mexico: Coahula:; 18 mi. S of Saltillo on Mexico Highway 57, Hall 66305-1 (Holotype: F!). Distribution: e. Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and Zacatecas, Mexico. Map: Zanoni and Adams (1978). Selected Reference; Hall (1971). 18. Juniperus scopulorum Sargent, Gard. & Forest 10:420. 1897. Type: not designated by Sargent; Lectotype: here desig- nated, Wyoming: Yellowstone National Park: Mammoth Hot Springs, C. S. Sargent on July 8, 1906, (Lectotype: A!), nomen provisorum; J. scopulorum Sargent, Silva N. Amer. 14; 93. 1902; J. virginiana var. scopulorum (Sargent) Lemmon, Handb. West-Amer. Cone-Bearers ed. 4, 114. 1900. Sabina scopulorum (Sargent) Rydberg, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32: 598. 1904. Sabina scopulorum (Sargent) I.W. Lewis, Univ. texas Bulls 2246. 915. J. excelsa sensu Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 2:647, 1814. Type: United States: “on the banks of the waters of the Rocky- mountains," M. Lewis 58 (Holotype: PH, as photograph! as fragments!); J. sabina var. excelsa Raf., Med. Fl. & Bot. U.S. 2:14, 1830; J. foetida € excelsa (Bieberstein) Spach in part, Ann, Sci. Nat. ser, 2, 16:297. 841. non J. excelsa Biberstein, Fl. Taur. -Cauc. 2:245. 1808. bh6 Pom oROeL Oak Vol. 38, no. 6 J. occidentalis var. a pleiosperma Engelmann, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 3:590. 1877. (based on J. excelsa sensu Pursh and J. andina Nuttall). J. virginiana var. montana Vassey, Rep. [U.S.] Commiss. Agric. 1875: 184. 1876. Type: not designated by Vasey. nomen nudum. J. scopulorum var. patens Fassett, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 72: 46. 1945. Type: United States: Wyoming: Big Horn County: between the Big Horn River and the Big Horn Moun- tains, E of Lovell, Fassett 22062 (Holotype: WIS); X J. fassettii Boivin, Naturaliste Canad. 93:372. 1966. J. scopulorum var. columnaris Fassett, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 72:482. 1945. Type: United States: North Dakota: Slope County: bottom of deep gully, edge of pine region, Amidon, O. A. Stevens 504 (Holotype: NDA). J. scopulorum f. columnaris (Fassett) Rehder, Bibliog. Cult. Trees & Shrubs 63. 1949. Numerous studies (Fassett, 1944a, 1944b, 1945a, 1945c; Van Haverbeke, 1968; Schurtz, 1973) have reported hybridization of J. scopulorum with J. horizontalis based upon morphological evidence. R. P. Adams is currently investigating geographic variation in J. scopulorum using morphological and chemical data; results of this work should prove useful in examining the possibilities of past introgression by J. horizontalis and J. virginiana. J. excelsa sensu Pursh was frequently placed in synonymy under J. occidentalis. The Lewis #58 specimen (PH) collected 2 October, 1804 along the Missouri River in McLean or Mercer County, North Da- kota (Cutright, 1969; Thwaites, 1959) is clearly J. scopulorum. Sargent (1902) was the first to discover the true identity of the Lewis specimen; his observations went unheeded for 75 years. Distribution: In w. N. America, from British Columbia, Alberta, Montana and North Dakota, s. to Arizona, e. Sonora, nw. Chihuahua, Texas, and nw. Coahuila (Little, 1971; Zanoni and Adams, 1975b). Maps: Fowells (1967) p. 217; Little (1971), Maps 30-W, 30-N; Zanoni and Adams (1975b). 19. Juniperus silicicola (J.K. Small) Bailey, Cultiv. Conif. N. Amer. 197. 1933. Sabina silicicola J.K. Small, J. New York Bot. Gard. 24:5. 1923. (based upon J. barbadensis sensu C. Mohr, USeDvA.. Burs Korest. Paulie Sik: S77 LION E J. barbadensis sensu authors, not Linnaeus. The juniper of the se. United States coastal plain river swamps was recognized as distinct from J. virginiana (Sargent, 1902, Sylva N. 1978 Zanoni, American junipers hh? Amer. 14:89). Distinguishing characters include the slender pen- dulous branchlets; long, often pendulous branches; broad open crown; smaller female cones ripening in the first growing season; and the more hydric habitat. Recognition as a taxon separate from J. vir- giniana and from the junipers of the Caribbean islands was made by Smale iGl923)., as Sabina siidencolla. Investigations of the J. virginiana, J. silicicola, and the Caribbean islands junipers are required to determine similarity and whether these junipers are to be referred to different species. Distribution: On the coastal plain, mostly near the coast line from se. North Carolina, s. to Florida, and w. to se. Texas (Correll and Johnston, 1970). Map: Mohr (1901), plate III, as J. barbadensis; Little (1971), Map 29-E. 20. Juniperus standleyi Steyermark, Field Mus. Nat. Hast.) Bot. Ser. 23:3. 1943. Type: Guatemala: San Marcos: Volcan Tacana, Steyermark 36137 (Holotype: F!; Isotype: ED) Distribution: Volcan Tacana on Mexico-Guatemala border, and Depto. Huehuetenango, Guatemala. Map: Zanoni and Adams (1978). Selected Reference: Standley and Steyermark (1958). Wie iuninerus virginiana L.., Sp. P1., 1039. 1753. . Type: )(Holo- type: LINN); J. foetida n virginiana Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2 16:298. 1841; Sabina virginiana (L.) Antoine, Cupnesse—Gatte soll) eLooy. (a . caroliniana Miller, Dict. ed. 8. 1768; J. virginiana var. 3. caroliniana (Miller) Loudon, Arb. & Frut. Brit. 6:2495. 1838; J. virginiana 8 caroliniana Willdenow, Berl. Baumz. sve ALI. J. arborescens Moench, Meth. Pl. 699. 1794. J. fragrans R. A. Salisbury, Prodromus 397. 1796. J. virginiana hermanni Persoon, Synop. Pl. 2103525 eS OVE in sl hermanni Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 3:908. 1826. J. virginiana «1 vulgaris Hayne, Dendr. Fl. 205. 1822. J. virginiana A vulgaris Endl., Syn. Conif. 2D Biss LSA. J. virginiana f. Bremerae Standley and J. F. Macbride, Rhodora 31:193. 1929. Type: United States: Indiana: Porter County: sand dunes, "Stockyards" Addition, near Port Ches- cy . virginiana var. crebra Fernald & Griscom, Rhodora 37:133. hh8 PHYTOLOGTA- Vol. 38, no. 6 1935. Type: United States: Massachusetts: Barnstable County: dry, open gravelly soil, Barnstable, Fernald and Long 17797 (Holotype: G); Sabina virginiana var. crebra (Fernald & Griscom) Moldenke, Phytologia 2;473. 1948. J. virginiana var. ambigens Fassett, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 72:380. 1945. Type: United States: Maine: Lincoln County: Thread-of-Life Ledges on Needles Eye Island, Bris- tol, Fassett 22125 (Holotype: WIS). Fassett (1943, 1944a, 1944b, 1945a, 1945b), Van Haverbeke (1968), and Schurtz (1973) examined morphological variation in J. virginiana. Their results showed clinal variation and hybridiza- tion with J. horizontalis and J. scopulorum. Hall (1952a, 1952b, 1955; Hall and Carr 1964, 1968) reported hybridization with J. scop- ulorum and with J. ashei. Studies (Flake, von Rudloff, and Turner, 1969; Flake and Turner, 1973) of the volatile leaf terpenoids of J. virginiana showed clinal variation and did not substantiate the re- ports of hybridization with J. scopulorum. Further investigations into the nature of geographic variation of J. virgiana, J. scopu- lorum, and J. horizontalis are required for assessment of the re- ports of hybridization among these three species. Taxonomic recognition of possible hybrids and of growth-habit variants do not appear to be useful because of the random, sporadic occurrence of the named varieties. Distribution: From sw. Maine, w. to w. North Dakota, s. to Texas, e. ton. Florida, U.S.A.; and se. Canada. Map: Little (1971): Maps 31-W, 31-E; Fowells (1965), p. 212. Selected References: Ferguson (1970); Harper (1912); Mohr (1901); Fowells (1965). The Island Junipers The identity of the various populations of junipers on Antiqua, Bahamas, Barbados, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Jamaica has been a case of nomenclatural chaos. Carabia (1941) concluded that the junipers from these islands formed one species after he examined specimens. His review of the nomenclatural history of these junipers resulted in the acceptance of the epithet Juniperus barbadensis L. J. bermudiana L. of Bermuda was accepted as a taxon distinct from J. barbadensis L. Examination of specimens of the Antillean, Bahaman, and Ber- mudan junipers at the U.S. National Herbarium (US) has led the pre- sent author to conclude that this nomenclatural matter has not been resolved, and can not be resolved by examination of herbarium spec- imens only. Populational studies using morphological and chemical data would provide useful data for comparison of the junipers in- volved in this taxonomic problem. 1978 Zanoni, American junipers ARs) Indeterminable Epithets Juniperus andina Nuttall, N. Amer. Sylva 3:95. 1849. Type; "On passing a gorge of the Rocky Mountains or Northern Andes, and approaching Lewis's River of the Oregon," Nuttall in 1834 (Holotype: location not known). Nuttall collected specimens of this taxon on his 1834 trip westward to the Pacific coast with N. J. Wyeth and J. K. Townsend. Pennell (1936) indicated that Nuttall used "Rocky Mountains" to de- note the part of the journey through Wyoming and Idaho. The itin- erary is not known from the writings of Nuttall, but from Townsend's narrative (Graustein, 1967, McKelvey, 1955). The expedition travel- ed from Independence, Missouri westward on the Kansas River, along the Platte River, onto the N. Platte to Red Buttes (s. Wyoming) through South Pass, Wyoming, north on the Green River to Fort Hall, along the Boise River to Vale, north to Fort Walla Walla, then fi- nally along the Snake River to Fort Vancouver, Washington. If Nuttall collected the specimen in Wyoming, the plant is either what is called J. scopulorum or J. osteosperma today. J. virginiana or J. occidentalis may have been collected, if the as- sumption about the Wyoming/Idaho collection locality is incorrect. A search for the Nuttall type specimen at BM, GH, and PH was unfruit- ful. Pennell (1936) and subsequent authors state that most of the Nuttall plant collections are held by these herbaria. The Nuttall epithet J. andina would have nomenclatural priority over J. osteo- sperma or J. scopulorum, if the specimen could be assigned to either taxon. In the absence of the type specimen, but based only upon the Nuttall illustration, Plate CX, of J. andina, it is likely that J. occidentalis is what was collected. I suggest that continued search for the type be made before relegating J. osteosperma to syn- onymy under J. andina. Nuttall indicated that his J. andina was the same as Pursh's J. excelsa, however, the specimens of Lewis ex- amined by Pursh had blue cones and is assignable to J. scopulorum (see J. scopulorum for discussion). Smith and Thieret (1959) and Stuckey (1968) give additional details concerning Nuttall's work. Juniperus canadensis Fisch. (listed for Canada by Steudel, 1841. Nom. Bot. ed. 2:835.) Juniperus dealbalta Gordon, Gard. Mag. (1840) 639, 640. 1840; Sabina dealbata (Gordon) Antoine, Cupress.-Gatt. 68. 1857. Gordon (1840) stated that this species was supposed to be from "North-West America.'' The name had been attributed to Loudon (1838, Encycl. Trees & Shrubs, p. 1090), however Loudon in later editions of his Encyclopedia attributes the name to Gordon. It is frequently listed as a synonym of J. occidentalis. 450 PHY TO) OETA Vol. 38, no. 6 Juniperus henryana R. Brown, Gard. Chron, (4 January 1872):8 1873. Brown stated that this species was described earlier by hin; however, the place of publication is not known. It is said to be in British Columbia and vicinity. Juniperus radicans Raf., New Flora & Bot. N. Amer. 3:95. 1838. This species was said to be based on a collection by Lewis and Clark in Oregon. Juniperus sabina var. rupestris Raf., Med. Flora & Bot. U.S. 2:14. 1830. This taxon was called "Rocky Savin of Canada."" It probably is referable to J. horizontalis (or J. scopulorum or J. virginiana). The location was not cited by Rafinesque. Juniperus tetragona var. oligosperma Engelmann, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis S259. Bene Engelmann (1877) cited specimens that are now attributable to J. monosperma var. gracilis, J. monticola, and J. saltillensis. This epithet is based on a composite description of 3 taxa, and is attributable to no single taxon. Sabina multivora Goodwin, Amer. Bot. 37:152. 1931. This epithet may be attributable to J. osteosperma which is found in "Habitat Montana and Wyoming in dry sandstone ledges." Location of type and specimens were not listed. 1978 Zanoni, American junipers 51 LITERATURE CITED Adams, R.P. 1972. Chemosystematic and numerical studies of nat- ural populations of Juniperus pinchotii Sudw. Taxon 21:407- 427. - 1973. Reevaluation of the biological status of Juniperus deppeana var. sperryi Correll. Brittonia 25:284-289. 1975a. Gene flow versus selection pressure and ancestral differentiation in the composition of species: analysis of populational variation of Juniperus ashei Buch. using terpe- noid data. J. Molec. Evol. 5:177-185. - 1975b. Numerical-chemosystematic studies of infraspecific variation in Juniperus pinchotii. Biochem. Syst. & Ecol. 3:71- 74. Adams, R.P. and B.L. Turner. 1970. Chemosystematic and numerical studies of natural populations of Juniperus ashei Buch. Taxon 193 728-751. Antoine, F. 1857. Die Cupressineen-Gattungen. Wien. Britton, N.L. 1908. North American trees. Henry Holt and Company: New York. - 1923. Studies of West Indian plants--XI. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50:35-56. Carabia, J.P. 1941. Contribuciones al estudio de la flora cubana, Gymnospermae. Caribbean Forest. 2:83-99. Correll, D.S. and M.C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas. Texas Research Foundation, Renner, Texas. Cory, V. 1936. Three junipers of western Texas. Rhodora 38:182- 187. Cutright, P.R. 1969. Lewis and Clark: pioneering naturalists. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, Illinois. Douglas, D. 1959. Journal kept by David Douglas during his travels in North America, 1823-1827. Antiquarian Press Ltd. (Reprint of 1914 edition), New York. Endlicher, S.L. 1847. Synopsis coniferarum. Scheitlin & Zolliko- fer, Sankt-Gallen. Englemann, G. 1877. The American junipers of the section Sabina. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 3:583-592. Fassett, N.C. 1943. The validity of Juniperus virginiana var. crebra. Amer. J. Bot. 30:469-477. - 1944a. Juniperus virginiana, J. horizontalis and J. scopu- lorum - I. The specific characters. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 71:410-418. 1944b. Juniperus virginiana, J. horizontalis, and J. scopu- lorum - II. Hybrid swarms of J. virginiana and J. scopulorum. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 71:475-483. - 1945a. Juniperus virginiana, J. horizontalis, and J. scopu- lorum - III. Possible hybridization of J. horizontalis and J. scopulorum. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 72:42-46. . 1945b. 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The distribution and taxonomy of three western junipers. Brittonia 18:350-372. Vasek, F.C. and R.W. Scora. 1967. Analysis of the oil of western North American junipers by gas-liquid chromatography. Amer. J. Bot. 54:781-789. Viereck, L.A. and E.L. Little, Jr. 1975. Atlas of United States trees. Vol. 2. Alaska trees and common shrubs. U.S.D.A. Misc. Publ. 1293. Wight, J.R. and H.G. Fisser. 1968. Juniperus osteosperma in north- western Wyoming: their distribution and ecology. Univ. Wyo- ming Agric. Expt. Sta. Sci. Monog. 7. Zanoni, T.A. and R.P. Adams. 1973. Distribution and synonymy of Juniperus californica Carr. (Cupressaceae) in Baja California, Mexico. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 100:364-367. 1975a. The genus Juniperus (Cupressaceae) in Mexico and Guatemala: numerical and morphological analysis. Bol. Soc. Bot. Mexico 35:69-91. 1975b. Southern range extension of Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. (Cupressaceae) into Mexico. Southw. Naturalist 20:135- 136. 1976. The genus Juniperus (Cupressaceae) in Mexico and Guatemala: numerical and chemosystematic analyses. Biochem. Syst. & Ecol. 4:147-156" 1978. The genus Juniperus (Cupressaceae) in Mexico and Guatemala: synonymy, key, and distributions of the taxa. (Submitted to Bol. Soc. Bot. Mexico). A NEW SPECIES OF ACOURTIA (ASTERACEAE-MUSTISIEAE) FROM NORTHCENTRAL OAXACA, MEXICO B.L. Turner, Dept. of Botany, The Univ. of Texas, Austin,Tx. 78712 Acourtia huajuapana B. L. Turner, sp. nov. Species haec ab A. aspera (Bacigalupi) Reveal & King differt capitulibus minoribus, floribus paucioribus, phyllariis longioribus (5--6 mm) abruptius acuminatis vel mucronatis, achaeniis minute pubescentibus non glandularibus, et characteribus aliis. TYPE: MEXICO. Oaxaca: 37 mi. NNW of Huajuapan de Leon along highway 125. Occurring in what appeared to be shallow gypseous soil. Rare beneath small shrubs. 29 Dec 1976. B. L. Turner P-59. Holotype (LL). Additional Specimen Examined: MEXICO. PUEBLA: 14 mi. NW of Huajuapan de Leon along highway 190. 7 Nov 1973. M. Dillon 679 (TEX). Perennial leafy herbs, 25-55 cm tall; stems sparsely branched, glabrate, arising from a wooly-tufted caudex; roots fibrous, covered with a dark-brown pubescence. Leaves coriaceous, sessile, elliptical-cordate, clasping, glabrous, minutely hispid-ciliate between the prickles along the margin of the blade. Heads mostly single at the stem apices. Involucre turbinate-campanulate, 15-17 mm long; innermost phyllaries linear-lanceolate, rather abruptly acuminate to mucronate, the mucro 0.5-1.0 mm long, glabrous except for the crispy, white-ciliate, margins; peduncles 5-20 mm long. Receptacle coarsely lacerate-ciliate. Florets pinkish, 10-11 per head; corolla bilabiate 14-15 mm long, the inner lip as long as, or slightly longer, than the outer, anther appendages ca 2.5 mm long. Achenes fusiform, 5-6 mm long, minutely short-pubescent, but not densely so; pappus of numerous relatively strong, tawny-white bristles, 11-12 mm long, these occurring in 3-4 series. The species is vegetatively quite similar to Acourtia purpusii (Brandg.) Reveal & King of San Luis Potosi and A. aspera, which is known by only a single collection from near Saltillo, Coahuila in northcentral Mexico. In characters of the head, it most closely approaches the latter species but, as noted in the Latin description, the resemblance is more superficial than real, their involucres and florets differing quite substantially. Dr. M. C. Johnston provided the Latin description, for which I am grateful. 455 TAXONOMIC STUDY OF THE SCAPIFORM SPECIES OF ACOURTIA (ASTERACEAE-MUTISIIEAE) B.L. Turner, Dept. of Botany, The Univ. of Texas, Austin,Tex.78712 As treated by Bacigalupi (1931) and most early workers, the genus Perezia was considered to be comprised of two subgenera: Perezia and Acourtia, the former confined to South America, the latter confined to North America. Vuilleumier (1970) in her ex- cellent monograph of the South American Perezia concluded that the two subgenera were relatively remote from each other; indeed, she related these to different genera within the subtribe Nassauviinae, as did Crisci (1974) in his numerical treatment of the genera with- in this subtribe. Reveal and King (1973) subsequently transferred nearly all of the North American species of Perezia into Acourtia. They did not, however, transfer the North American scapiform species of Perezia into Acourtia, presumably because they felt these might comprise yet other generic elements to judge from their notation "...two species complexes which we feel do not belong to Acourtia are in need of additional study." One such group centered around Perezia runcinata (Lag. ex D. Don) A. Gray and the other about the Central American and Southern Mexican elements treated below. Nash (1976), in her treatment of the tribe Mutisiieae for the Guatemalan Flora, recognized both Acourtia and Perezia (as genera), distinguishing the former from the latter by its scapiform habit. This is clearly an artificial cleavage of Acourtia proper, for the North American scapose species certainly relate much closer to the Acourtia element than they do to the South American Perezia element. This was clearly suggested by Bacigalupi (1931) who could find no clear morphological basis for the erection of sectional groupings within Acourtia, "Though the species in most cases, are in their vegetative characters, clearly differentiated, the discovery of trustworthy diagnostic characters proved diffi- cult."' He went on to point out that the corollas were exceedingly uniform and that while "the receptacles, pappus and achenes, on the other hand, were not so nearly stereotyped but the differen- ces were found to be too inconsistant to be considered of any important diagnostic value." I concur with this observation but willingly admit (in defense of Reveal and King) that almost any monophyletic element (which Acourtia certainly appears to be) can be yet further split ad nauseum as noted by Colless (1977) in his perceptive comments on hierarchical constraints in biological classification. Depend- ing on one's taxonomic "sensitivity" each species might become a genus. But to what avail? Thus, I can.see no good reason to segregate the scapiform A. molinana as a new genus, Neoshinneria 56 1978 Turner, Scapiform species of Acourtia 57 R. M. King (according to label annotations), nor yet other scapi- form elements within Acourtia. My interest in the scapiform members of Acourtia developed primarily through my efforts to identify collections of this complex from southern Mexico and Central America. Bacigalupi (1931) recognized only five scapiform species among the specimens available to him; examination of subsequent new collections by Blake (1942), Molina (1952) and Nash (1975) revealed the existence of yet three more (A. erioloma, A. molinana and A. glandulifera) and I have added an additional new species (A. hondurana) in the present treatment, bringing to nine the number of scapiform spe- cies within Acourtia. However, it should be noted that A. nudiuscula is possibly not truly scapiform and perhaps some argument might be made that the leafy bracts on the scape of A. glandulifera are too prominent to treat them as truly scapiform. Finally, it should be noted that there exists at least one, as yet undescribed species,for sterile material of collections made by A. J. Sharp ("Fine soil at base of bluff W of Chilpancingo, Guerrero." at 6000 ft., 25 Oct 1944, NY) surely represents a new taxon and, to judge from the newly emerging scape from the flabel- liate leaves, a most striking species. No doubt additional new scapiform taxa will be found in these poorly explored west-coast ranges. KEY TO SCAPIFORM SPECIES OF ACOURTIA 1. Caudex bearing several, enlarged, fusiform tubers; scapes abbreviated,shorter than or somewhat exceeding the length of the leaves; species of northeastern Mexico and adjacent linveeal SEE GocoooocudopucuoopoGnoGooo oq. No palinenineyes! 1. Caudex bearing a fibrous root system, so far as known, not tuberous; scapes elongate, much exceeding the basal foliage; species of Pacific coastal Mexico to Honduras and El Salvador (2). 2. Involucral bracts and peduncles glandular pubescent; plants robust, 70-80 cm tall; leaves large, the blades 20-40 cm long, 10-20) em wide’ .....ccccse sc see csaee Ie | Ae Planauliferd 2. Involucral bracts and peduncles not glandular pubescent; plants mostly smaller; leaves mostly smaller (3). 3. Involucre 8-14 mm high; florets 10-50 per head (5). 3. Involucre 5-7 mm high; florets 4-7 per head (4). 458 PAYS 010 5 0 2 Vol. 38, no. 6 4. Leaves coriaceous, the blades cordate; plants of Honduras and possibly adja- cent Guatemala ......-eseeeeeeeeees 4. A. molinana 4. Leaves membranous, the blades lyrately lobed, obovate to oblong in outline; plants of Michoacan, Mexico ....... 5. A. scaposa 5. Heads with 10-20 florets (7). 5. Heads with 40-50 florets; plants of arid or desert habitats of north central Oaxaca, Mexico (6). 6. Involucre 8-10 mm high, the innermost bracts obtuse or rounded at the apices; florets pink, scapes with mostly 6-50 heads .eccccccccccccccccccccccececee O-. A. scapiformis 6. Involucre 10-12 mm high, the innermost bracts acute, the apices terminated by a short mucro, 0.2-0.4 mm long; florets white; scapes with mostly 4-5 heads. 7. A. erioloma 7. Involucre 15-17 mm high; receptacle densely white bristly; plants of south central QEbEYEE! (eco manuooooodbdouddDOOdddOOoOD tg flo Winloregiesll ie 7. Involucre 8-10 (12) mm high; receptacle otherwise (8). 8. Pappus 10-11 mm long; innermost involucral bracts acuminate at the apex; corolla 12-14 mm long; plants of Nayarit ......... 1. A. nudiuscula 8. Pappus 5-7 (9) mm long; innermost involucral bracts obtuse or rounded at the apex; corolla 6-10 mm long; plants of Chiapas, Mexico south to El Salvador (9). 9. Leaf blades elliptical, not lobed or incised; scapes with mostly 2-8(10) heads; florets mostly 15-20 per head .....eeeeeeeeeeeee 9. A. hondurana 9. Leaf blades various but only rarely, if ever, unlobed; scapes with mostly 10-50 heads; florets 10-13 per head ..... coccccseeee 10. A. nudicaulis Turner, Scapiform species of Acourtia 59 1978 ("UMOYS JOU SBXA] PUR ODLXaW UWaZSeayZUON JO PPeULDUNA “YW saloads peaudsapLm ay) "BLjunooy JO saLoads wuoyideds Jo uoljngiuzsiq ‘| ‘BLY Si|NDOIpnu DuDUI|OW Diajy1inpuojb sijD}Osqun DuDINpuoY DWO]OIJa S!WJOJIdDOS Dinosnipnu psodpos DIJINodY DINO DIynody DIysnooy DIJANOoYy DIJNODY DIunooy DIysNODW Dijunooy no2144¢40O000 @ @ 4,60 PHY (0,0. A Vol. 38, no. 6 1. Acourtia nudiuscula (B. L. Robinson) Turner, comb. nov. Perezia nudiuscula B. L. Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 62532 51909% HOLOTYPE (GH!): MEXICO. Nayarit: Tepic, 5 Jan-6 Feb 1892, E. Palmer 2018 (Isotypes GH!, NY!). Basal portion unknown, but seemingly scapiform. Scapes with 7-40 heads on ultimate glabrous peduncles 5-50 mm long. Involucre turbinate to narrowly campanulate, 8-10 m high; phyllaries gradate in 4-5 series, the innermost linear-oblanceolate, glabrous, acuminate at the apex. Florets 12-20 flowered; corolla seemingly pink or lavender, ca 13 m long, anther appendages ca 2 mm long. Achenes dark brown, 4-5 mm long, densely glandular- punctulate and hispidulous; pappus of 60 or more white, stiff bristles, 10-11 m long. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type collection Bacigalupi (1931) thought the species was related to A. nudicaulis but, if belonging to the scapose group, I would reckon its relationship to be somewhat closer to A. glandulifera. Actually, I doubt that the taxon will prove to be truly scapose, the inflorescences and flowers themselves are very much like the diffuse inflorescences and flowers of Acourtia rigida and it might prove to be related to thewest coast species of that complex. 2. Acourtia runcinata (Lag. ex D. Don) Turner, comb. nov. Perezia runcinata Lag. ex D. Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. 16: 207. 1830. HOLOTYPE (BM): MEXICO. W/o locality, Sesse & Mocifio s.n. The species was probably collected by Sesse in Ixmiquilpan, Hidalgo. presumably in 1792, this being the only time that either of the collectors might have ventured into its area of distribution (McVaugh, 1977). This is a widespread, scapose species of northeastern Mexico and adjacent United States, occurring from central Texas (Austin area) southward to Hidalgo State, Mexico. It is usually found in rocky or shallow, calcareous, soils in shady places, mostly be- neath shrubs. In spite of its wide distribution and variety of habitats occupied (from near sea level at Brownsville, Texas to mountain elevations of 2000 meters in north central Mexico) it is remarkably uniform, so much so that I have been unable to discern meaningful regional infraspecific categories from among the 100 or more collections examined (LL, TEX). 1978 Turner, Scapiform species of Acourtia 461 Bacigalupi (1931) gives an excellent description of the species, consequently one is not given here, there being little emendation needed. Besides, the taxon is not especially close to the other scapiform taxa, and is not likely to be confused with these, although it is clearly related by a number of characters, the fusiform, tuberous roots not withstanding. 3. Acourtia glandulifera (Nash) Turner, comb. nov. Perezia glandulifera Nash, Phytologia 31: 362. 1975. HOLOTYPE (F!): GUATEMALA. Dept. Huehuetenango: Canyon of Rio Selequa, in "El Tapon"’ near Monos Bridge, 40 km NW of Huehuetenango, 1000-1200 m, 14-17 Dec 1972. L. O. Williams et al., 41167. (Isotypes GH!, NY!, US). Scapose, robust, perennials, 70-80 cm tall, with large, mem- branous, lettuce-like leaves up to 40 cm long, 20 cm wide, irre- gularly lobed, especially below. Scapes with prominent, clasp- ing, leaf-like bracts, up to 6 cm long, 3 cm wide, larger at the lower nodes reduced upwards; inflorescence a diffuse panicle of numerous (30 or more) heads; ultimate peduncles glandular pubes- cent, 5-20 mm long. Involucres turbinate, 8-10 m high; phyl- larics gradate in 3-4 series, the innermost linear-ovate, acute to apiculate (the mucro often recurved) at the apex, glandular- pubescent to glabrate on the back, the outer bracts sparsely ciliate intermixed with numerous short glandular-trichomes. Receptacle glabrous or nearly so. Florets 10-12; corolla white, 6-7 mm long; anther appendages ca 1 mm long. Achenes ca 5 mm long, moderately short hispid throughout except on the glandular pubes- cent neck; pappus of 50 or more tawny-white bristles, 5-6 m long. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type collections. A very distinct species not readily related to any of the other scapose species except perhaps remotely to the imperfectly known A. nudiuscula which may or may not be truly scapiform since basal leaves are not known for the taxon, the scape or inflorescence possessing linear, leaf-like bracts up to 25 mm long and 4 mm wide, becoming reduced upwards, much in the manner of A. glandulifera. It is my opinion that both species are rela- tively remote from the Central American-Southern Mexican complex centering about A. nudicaulis, this being suggested especially by their differing receptacles, being ciliate imbriate in the latter, essentially glabrous in A. glandulifera and beset with short, glandular-trichomes in A. nudiuscula. 4. Acourtia molinana Turner, nom. nov. 4.62 Pay TOLoe Pe Vol. 38, no. 6 Perezia microcephala ati Ceiba 3: 97. 1952 - Not Perezia JMicrocephala (DG.) ‘Gray, PL. Wright. 12° 127; 1849, 1 which is based upon Acourtia microcephala DC., Prod. 7:66. 1838. HOLOTYPE (US!): HONDURAS. Dept. Morazd4n: Ri6é Guarabuquf, terrenos delos indios dux Xicaques de la Montana de la Flor, 1800 m, 2 Jun 1950. Antonio Molina R. 3048. Phototypes (GH, NY, US). Perennial scapose herbs, 20-60 cm tall, with cordate leaves, the blades variously serrate, ca 1-1/2 times as long as wide. Scapes with mostly numerous heads (20-80); ultimate peduncles 5- 15 mm long, minutely puberulent to glabrous. Involucres narrowly cylindric to turbinate, 5-6 mm high; phyllarics gradate, 2-3 seriate, the innermost linear-obovate, rounded at the apex, emucronate, or nearly so, glabrous to sparsely pubescent along the margins. Receptacle glabrous, florets usually 5 per head, rarely 4; corollas pinkish-white, ca 6 mm long; anther appendages ca 0.7 mm long. Achenes 3-4 mm long, moderately pubescent throughout; pappus of 70 or more, fairly persistent (i.e., not easily breaking), tawny, bristles, 5-7 mm long. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Honduras where it is relatively rare, occurring locally in shady places, usually about perennial water sources, among and upon rocks in the lower montane regions (700-1800 meters). Flowering, Jun-Aug. Additional Specimens Examined: HONDURAS. Dept. Comayagua: "rocas del barranco 1 kms. al sur de La Mision, Molina 10936 (F, NY). Dept. Copan: 1 mi W of Copan Ruinas, Molina 30856 (F); 4.5 mi NE of Copan, Poole & Watson 897 (LL, TEX). Acourtia molinana, while a very distinct species, clearly belongs to the scapiform taxa of Central America centering about A. _nudicaulis and A. hondurana. R. M. King, according to unpub- lished names on labels (Molina 30856, F), would segregate this species (and perhaps yet others) as a distinct genus, but in my opinion, such an elevation would be unwarranted by the distinc- tions concerned. From my own field observations of A. molinana (with Poole & Watson 897), I found the species to be locally common on rich calcareous soils, usually in shady places beneath relic stands of tropical seasonal forests about wet places; more specifically, near Copan the plants were found at the base of a small waterfall some 4.5 mi northeast of the village, the stream itself ran only a short distance across open cultivated fields before empty- ing into Rio Copan. Unfortunately, at the time of my visit (Jun 10), the species was already too far in bloom to obtain meiotic material for chromosome counts. 1978 Turner, Scapiform species of Acourtia 463 5. Acourtia scaposa (Blake) Turner, comb. nov. Perezia scaposa Blake, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 33: 271. 1943. HOLOTYPE (US!) MEXICO. Michoacan: Districto Coalcoman, Aquila, 250 m, along cliffs, 24 Mar 1941, G. B.Hinton et al. 15838. Isotype (LL!). Perennial scapose herbs about 50 cm tall with large, membrana- ceous, lyrately lobed, obovate to oblong leaves, 15-35 cm long, 5-12 cm wide. Scapes with about 50 heads, ultimate peduncles slender, glabrate, 10-40 mm long. Involucre narrowly-turbinate, 6-7 mm high; phyllaries relatively few, gradate in 2-3 major series, the innermost linear-subulate, ca 1 mm wide, gradually tapering into a narrowly acute apex, glabrous or nearly so (faint- ly ciliate along the upper margins). Receptacle fimbrilliate, florets mostly 7 per head, seemingly pinkish-white, 6-7 mm long; anther appendages, 0.8-1.0 mm long. Achenes 4.0-4.8 mm long, hispidulous, partly with glandular hairs; pappus of ca 40 whitish, delicate (easily broken) bristles ca 5 mm long. DISTRIBUTION: Known only by the type collection. A very distinct species possessing the lyrately lobed leaves of Acourtia umbratalis but the few-flowered, small heads and inflorescence of A. molinana. It is undoubtedly most closely related to the latter, however, if emphasis is placed upon inflor- escence and floral features. 6. Acourtia scapiformis (Bacigalupi) Turner, comb. nov. Perezia scapiformis Bacigalupi, Contrib. Gray Herb. 97: 15. iL2)eyke HOLOTYPE (GH!): MEXICO. Oaxaca: Las Sedas, ca 2000 m, 30 Oct 1894, C. G. Pringle 6015. Isotypes (MICH!, NY:, UC:). Perennial scapose herbs, 20-60 cm tall, with linear-obovate, lyrately lobed blades. Scapes with mostly (5)8-30 heads; ultimate peduncles 10-35 mm long, very sparsely tomentose to glabrate, with 1-4 caudate bracteoles. Involucre broadly turbinate to hemispheric, 8-10 mm high; phyllaries gradate in 3-5 series, the innermost ovate, broadly obtuse or rounded at the apex, shortly mucronate (the mucro ca 0.1 mm long), very sparsely tomentose- ciliate to glabrate. Receptacle sparsely hispid. Florets 40-50; corollas pinkish te pinkish-brown, ca 6 mm long; anther appendages, 0.7-0.9 mm long. Achenes 4-5 mm long, sparsely to moderately short pubescent throughout; pappus of 60 or more delicate bristles 4.5-5.0 mm long. L6h Peay 7 Oro re Vol. 38, no. 6 DISTRIBUTION: Dry calcareous or gypsiferous hills to the west of Tehuacan, mostly beneath small shrubs. Flowering, Sept.—-Dec. Additional Specimens Examined: OAKACA. 6 km NE of Sola de Vega, Ripley & Barneby 14655 (NY); 37 mi NNW of Huajuapan de Leon along highway 125, Turner P-60 (LL). PUEBLA. Vicinity of San Luis Tultitlanapa, Purpus 3923 (GH, NY, UC); Tehuacan, Purpus 5613 (F, GH, NY, UC). The species is known by relatively few collections, all from the arid brush-covered hillsides to the west and southwest of Tehuacan. It flowers in the late fall, depending upon rains. From my own observations the species occurs most often on rela- tively bare, dry, chalky-white (presumably in some measure gypsiferous) rocky hillsides, frequently beneath low shrubs along shallow arroyas. Acourtia scapiformis is clearly quite closely related to A. erioloma but is readily distinguished by several characters as noted in the key to species. According to label data, the latter also occurs in quite different habitats ("eroded red clay- gravel hillsides") of the Mixteca area of more western Oaxaca. 7. Acourtia erioloma (Blake) Reveal & King, Phytologia 15: 229. 1973. Perezia erioloma Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 25: 118. 1942. HOLOTYPE (NY!): OAXACA: Mountain slopes near Tlaxiaco, 16-19 Dec 1936, W. H. Camp 2225. Isotype (F!). Perennial scapose herbs, 40-60 cm tall, with obovate-ellipti- cal leaves. Scapes with 4-5 heads; ultimate peduncles 15-45 mm long, sparsely tomentose to nearly glabrate. Involucre broadly turbinate, 10-12 mm high; phyllaries gradate in 3-5 series, the innermost narrowly linear-ovate, acute, the apex abruptly ter- minated by a short mucro, 0.2-0.4 mm long, variously white to brown, tomentose, densely so along the margins. Receptacle fim- brillate, not bristly. Florets ca 40; corollas reportedly white, ca 6 mm long; anther appendages 0.7-1.0 mm long. Achenes ca 4 mn long, densely pubescent throughout; pappus of 60 or more, delicate, bristles 5-6 mm long. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the Mixteca area of Oaxaca by the several collections cited. Flowering, Nov.-Dec. Additional Collections Examined: MEXICO. OAXACA: Near Teposcolula. "barren heavily eroded red clay-gravel hillside... 1978 Turner, Scapiform species of Acourtia 65 Rare and local, only on the badlands." 7000 ft, 6 Nov 1964, H. D. Ripley & R. C. Barneby 13,666 (NY). Acourtia erioloma is apparently confined to the Mixteca region of Oaxaca, being most closely related to its allopatric relative, A. scapiformis. The latter, however, is readily dis- tinguished by its usually lyrate or irregularly lobed leaves and less prominently tomentose-ciliate, broadly obtuse or rounded phyllaries. Blake thought the species to be most closely related to A. umbratalis, known to him "only from description." The latter is quite distinct from A. erioloma and A. scapiformis, both by its fewer-flowered, larger heads and much larger floral parts, characters which relate A. umbratalis to the much more variable complex centering about A. nudicaulis. Reveal and King transferred Perezia erioloma to Acourtia, presumably unaware that the taxon was scapiform. From their preliminary account of the group, it appears that they transferred into Acourtia only those elements of Perezia which were not scapose, thinking that the latter might comprise one or perhaps two generic groups, a view to which I cannot subscribe, as noted in the introduction to this paper. 8. Acourtia umbratalis (B. L. Robs. & Greenm.) Turner, comb. nov. Perezia umbratalis B. L. Robs. & Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 60. 1896. HOLOTYPE (GH!). MEXICO. Oaxaca: "In shade, Tomellin Cafion, 3000 ft.," 1 Dec 1895. C. G. Pringle 5966. The type lo- cality is along the railway line between Tehuacan and Oaxaca city at the station of Almoloyas (Davis, 1936). Pringle apparently collected only a few specimens of the species, for duplicate material is not widely distributed. Scapose perennials, 25-30 mm tall, leaves membranaceous, elliptical-oblong in outline, lyrately pinnatified. Scapes with 2-3 heads; ultimate peduncles sparsely white, tomentulose to glabrate, 20-50 mm long, bearing 3-10 small subulate bracts which grade into the involucre. Involucre cylindrical-turbinate, 15- 17 mm high; phyllaries gradate in 4-5 series, the innermost lance- elliptic, obtuse to rounded at the apex, mucro absent or nearly so (i.e., less than 0.1 mm), glabrous with scarious margins (the outermost bracts with sparsely,soft-ciliate margins). Receptacle densely white bristly. Florets about 18; corolla presumably "lavender-pink", ca 12 mm long; anther appendages pinkish, 2.0- 2.2 mm long. Achenes (immature) moderately short-pubescent throughout, ca 5 mm long; pappus of 60 or more tawny-white 66 PowY WOrLioves Ll Vol. 38, no. 6 bristles, 9-10 mm long. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type collection. The species was presumably collected in shaded habitats of Tomellin Cafion ("56 miles from Oaxaca as the train runs"; Davis, 1936, p. 145) which Pringle describes as a site in which is "found the denizens of the hot lowlands"; (Davis, 1936, p. 296). At first glance specimens of this taxon might be taken for Acourtia nudicaulis, but as noted by Bacigalupi (1931) in his key to species, A. umbratalis has quite different involucral bracts (the outermost blunt and rounded as opposed to apiculate or cuspidate-acuminate). Probably the most distinguishing features of A. umbratalis are the bristly-white receptacles, larger involucres and floral parts which are only approached in A. nudicaulis. Intensive collection just north of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec might reveal yet other populations of this interest- ing species, but from my own searches it must be quite rare. 9. Acourtia hondurana B. L. Turner, sp. nov. HOLOTYPE (MICH!): HONDURAS. El Paraiso: Cerros el Zapotillo, pineland beyond Galeras, road from Zamorano to Guinope, 3850 ft, common,4 Jul 1962, G. L. Webster et al. 11982. Isotypes Cr! GH): A. nudicaulis simile sed semper laminis foliorum minoribus ellipticis, inflorescentiis compactioribus capitulis paucioribus, in quoque capitulo floribus pluribus. Perennial scapose herbs, 10-35(40) cm tall. Leaves with mostly elliptical, uniformly serrate, unlobed, blades. Scapes with 2-8(10) heads; ultimate peduncles glabrous, 5-30 mm long, mostly ebracteolate. Involucre cylindric to turbinate (with age), 9-10 mm high; phyllaries gradate in ca 3 series, the innermost linear, broadly obtuse or rounded at the apex, sparsely ciliate to glabrate, emucronate or nearly so. Receptacle lacerate ciliate. Florets 15-20; corolla white, 7.0-7.5 mm long; anther appendages ca 1 mm long. Achenes 3-4 mm long, short pubescent throughout; pappus of 70 or more delicate brownish-purple bristles, 5-6 mm long. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Honduras where it occurs in pine barrens; reportedly common,1200-1500 m, usually on rocky hillsides. Flowering, Dec-Jan. Additional Specimens Examined: HONDURAS. COMAYOGUA: near Guaimoca, Carlson 3179 (F); vicinity of Siguatepeque, Standley & Chacon 6230, 6853 (F); Standley 55861, 56235 (F); near Seguatepe- que, Yuncker 5704 (F, GH, LL, MICH, NY). EL PARAISO: Guinope, 1978 Turner, Scapiform species of Acourtia 67 Rodriguez 1891, 1965 (F); 3 km NW of Guinope, Merrill & Williams 15691 (F, GH); Cumbre, NW of Guinope, Standley et al. 1996 (F); Guinope, Williams & Molina 11520 (GH, TEX, UC) .MORAZAN: Uyuca, Rodriguez 1586 (F); San Antonio de Occidentale, Rodriguez 3651; NE of Tegucigalpa, Molina 3908 (F, GH). Most of the specimens of this taxon have heretofore been determined as Acourtia nudicaulis, a larger plant with quite different leaves (blades lobed below, or variously obtuse to cordate) and more open, numerous-headed scapes. Approximately 50 plants of A. hondurana (mounted on 26 sheets) were examined: all were short, possessing the smaller, neatly elliptical, leaf blades characteristic of the species. 10. Acourtia nudicaulis (Gray) B. L. Turner, comb. nov. Perezia nudicaulis Gray. Pl. Wright. 1: 127. 1850. HOLOTYPE (GH!): GUATEMALA. Without locality, Skinner s.n. Isotype (K). Scapose perennials, 10-60 cm tall, leaves highly variable, usually lance-elliptic in outline and runcinately pinnatified below, rarely if ever merely elliptic in outline. Scapes with mostly (2)10-50 heads; ultimate peduncles, 5-40 mm long, glabrous or glabrate. Involucre cylindrical to turbinate, 8-10 m high; phyllaries gradate in 3-4 series, the innermost lance-elliptic, obtuse to rounded at apex, emucronate or nearly so, glabrous, except for the pubescent margins. Receptacle lacerate-ciliate. Florets 10-13; corolla reportedly white, 6-8(10) mm long; anther appendages ca 1 mm long. Achenes 5-6 mm long, moderately short- pubescent throughout; pappus of 60 or more purplish-brown bristles 5-7(9) mm long. Chromosomes number reportedly, n = 28 pairs (Breedlove & Raven 8343, MICH!); Powell et al., 1974). DISTRIBUTION: Widespread from Chiapas, Mexico to El Salvador, being especially abundant in Guatemala. Shady areas in pine and oak forests from 750-2100 m. Flowering, Dec-Nov. Representative Specimens: MEXICO. Chiapas: 10 km. NE of Las Margaritas. Breedlove 33421 (F, LL, MICH. NY). GUATEMALA. Dept. Solola: Panajachel water falls, Molina et al. 16239 (F, GH, NY); HONDURAS. near Copan, Pittier 1829 (F): EL SALVADOR. Dept. Chalatenango: Cerro El Robar, Calderon 2469 (F, GH). A variable species, especially in foliage and inflorescence. It is quite closely related to Acourtia hondurana, earlier workers having treated the two taxa as one. The characters which I use to 68 Pay TOL OG Is Vol. 38, no. 6 distinguish between these seem sufficiently strong to mark these as regional "species", but treatment as geographical varieties or subspecies seems equally tenable, except that in or near the area of contact they do not appear to intergrade, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study is based largely upon herbarium material from the following institutions (number of specimens on loan given in parenthesis) F (65) NY (21) GH (22) TEX (30) LL (40) UC (5) MICH (7) I am grateful to the Directors concerned for permitting the loans. Dr. M. C. Johnston kindly provided Latin descriptions. Supported in part from NSF Grant BM 71-01088. LITERATURE CITED Bacigalupi, R. 1931. A monograph of the genus Perezia, section Acourtia, with a provisional key to the section Euperezia. Contr. Gray Herb. 97: 1-81. Colless, D. H. 1977. A cornucopia of categories. Systematic Zoology 26: 349-352. Crisci, J. V. 1974. A numerical-taxonomic study of the subtribe Nassauviinae. J. Arnold Arb. 55: 568-610. Davis, Helen D. 1936. Cyrus Guernsey Pringle. Free Press, University of Vermont, Burlington. McVaugh, R. 1977. Botanical results of the Sesse & Mocino expedition (1787-180). Contrib. Univ. Mich. Herb. 11: 97-195. Nash, Dorothy L. 1976. Mutisieae. In Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiana: Botany 24: 429-440. Powell, A. M., D. W. Kyhos and P. H. Raven. 1974. Chromosome numbers in Compositae. X. Amer. J. Bot. 61: 909-913. Reveal, J. L. and R. M. King. 1973. Re-establishment of Acourtia D. Don (Asteraceae). Phytologia 15: 228-232. Vuilleumier, B. Simpson. 1970. The systematics and evolution of Perezia sect. Perezia (Compositae). Contrib. Gray Herb. 199: 1-163. EQUISETUM STORES GOLD David Brussel] Department of Botany Southern I]linois University Carbondale, I11. 62901 INTRODUCTION Gold, a metal in small supply, is often found in very minute amounts in soil and sand deposits. In such instances it is too low in concentration to be mined for a profit. Nebergall, Schmidt, and Holtzclaw indicated that Equisetum stores gold (Nebergall et al. 1968). With this in mind I used emission spectrograph analysis to check for the presence of gold in Equisetum hyemale L. collected from selected sites in four east central Illinois counties including environments of alluvial sands in a creek bed, sand on a stream bank in a sand- stone gorge, glacially derived gravel, sand, and silt on the Shelbyville moraine, and marsh silts in the second bottom of the Wabash River. MATERIALS TESTED Drawing on geologic knowledge of gold occurrence in Illinois and adjacent states, it was determined that the most promising earth materials for gold presence were glacially derived sands, silts, and gravels or those materials deposited by river or stream action (Antweiler and Love 1969, Blatchley 1903, Hunter 1966, Bradbury et al. 1970). This situation required finding Equisetum growing in promising areas for gold occurrence, and in order to get a wider sampling scope I chose one site in each of the four east central Illinois counties. The first collecting site was a colony of Equisetum hyemale L. growing in alluvial sand in the bed of Range Creek five miles east of Greenup in Cumberland County, the second site was from a sandy stream bank in Wolf Den Canyon, a valley with many sandstone outcrops, three miles east of Martinsville in Clark County, the third site was in an area of glacially derived sand, gravel, and silt at the base of a hill near Walker's Ford, four 469 4,70 PHYTOQLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 6 and a half miles south of Charleston in Coles County, the final sampling site was a large colony of Equisetum hyemale L. grow- ing in silt in a marsh in the second bottom of the Wabash River one mile south of West York in Crawford County. ANALYTICAL PROCEDURE The entire plants (both tops and rhizomes) were collected and washed thoroughly. The plants were then placed in a drying cabinet for 48 hours and were quite dry and brittle when removed. Approximately 6 gram amounts of tops and rhizomes were ashed separately in a muffle furnace at 500°C for 6 hours. Emission spectrophotometric analysis was chosen due to its sensitivity and reliability (Pinta 1971). For qualitative analysis emission spectroscopy is without parallel in advantages. The sample ordinarily requires a mini- mum of preliminary treatment and detection limits are between parts per million and parts per billion. However, the diffi- culties encountered in reproducing radiation intensities cause emission spectroscopy to be much more limited in quantitative applications (Skoog and West 1971). "For organic tissues, where ignition is applicable, the spectrographic determination of gold is in general comparable in efficiency to any chemical method" (Beamish 1961). One disadvantage that is encountered with this carbon arc spectroscope is that the nitrogen in the air reacts with the carbon rods to give the three part cyanogen band system in the spectrum from 3600 to 4200 A, thus serving to obscure the emission lines from elements in this area. This does not affect gold however. The cyanogen bands do serve a useful purpose since they are always present, they can be used as reference points for aligning the spectrum. The sodium doublet can also be used as a reference point for it is an unavoidable contami- nate in carbon rods (Nachtrieb 1950). High purity graphite rods 1/4 inch in diameter were sawed into 2 inch lengths taking care not to contaminate them with foreign materials. The 2 inch lengths were then machined on a lathe, half of them with a hole at each end about 2 millimeters in diameter and 4 millimeters in depth, and a groove about 2 millimeters deep and 4 millimeters wide encircling the rod just below the top. The other rods were machined so that each end was in the form of a tapered conical point. By making use of both ends of the rod, each electrode could be used twice. Each run required fresh electrodes. 1978 Brussell, Equisetum stores gold 71 When using two carbon electrodes it is customary to put the sample in the anode (positive electrode) which serves as the lower electrode. The cathode was placed above the anode with a gap of about .75 centimeter. This setup gives an arc temperature of about 5000° C (Brode 1943). Emission-spectroscopic methods utilize the radiation given off by an ionized or neutral atom which after being energized in some fashion is returned to its normal state. Excitation raises one or more of the outer electrons of the atom to an orbit farther away from the nucleus. The return of the elec- tron to its normal lower energy level is accompanied by emission of energy in the form of radiation of a wavelength equal to the amount of energy involved. This emission does not always occur as radiation of a single wavelength, for the electron(s) may pass back in a series of steps that correspond to intermediate orbits, the return to the ground state is then accompanied by the emission of several spectral radiations. The complexity of the spectrum is determined by the number of electrons involved (Calder 1969). The emission spectroscopy was performed in the chemistry department darkroom at Eastern Illinois University. A Central Scientific Company cat. #87102 grating spectrograph and an Ohmite D.C. 30V/24 amps. power source were utilized. In order to get the best exposure possible a 1 inch diameter convex glass lens was placed between the electrodes and spectrograph so that the entire image could be focused on the spectrum slit (Brode 1943). A faint darkroom light was played on the wall opposite the spectrum slit to aid in striking the arc. A glass tube 12 inches long with a pointed carbon rod in the end was used to start the arc. The arc gives off ultraviolet and other potentially hazard- ous wavelengths much like an arc welder does. Therefore protec- tive goggles were worn while the arc was going (Calder 1969). The film employed was Kodak professional royal-X pan film, red sensitive with estar thick base #87107. The developing procedure consisted of an 1] minute immersion in Kodak developer D-11, three minutes in stop bath SB-1, and 10 minutes in fixing bath F-5. Each sample was tested three times. There were four sampling sites, each with a separate test on rhizomes and tops of the plants, making a total of eight different samples and a grand total of twenty-four runs. Emission spectroscopy was also performed on a known sample of 0.1M AuCl 3 in order to have a gold spectrum for reference. 472 POH YT Ob: O G: Lk Vol. 38, no. 6 A Shimadzu number 53019 traveling microscope was used to calibrate the spectrum. Gold lines were found on the AuC1, known spectrum that were consistent with gold wavelengths of 4437.3A and 4792.6A listed in the handbook of Chemistry and Physics (Hodgman et al. 1962). A computer print out of a least squares subroutine test was performed in order to make a graph with a y-axis equal to i which is the various wavelengths in angstroms and an x-axis equal to 6 which is the scale in centimeters from the traveling microscope. The results of the least square subroutine test are as follows: x(1)= 5.9330 y(1)= 5893.0000 x(2)= 16.1940 y(2)= 4216.0000 x(3)= 18.3110 y(3)= 3883.0000 x(4)= 20.2150 y(4)= 3590.0000 m = slope = -161.8055 b = intercept = 6848.9760 The points plotted along the line are those representing the wavelength and metric location on the spectrum. The points shown are for sodium, the three cyanogen bands, and the two gold bands. The following equation applies: A=mt+b Where "A" is the wave- length in A, "m" is the A-b = mé Slope = -161.8055, and "b" m is the intercept = 6848.9760. ab 6 m RESULTS Emission spectrograph analysis for the presence of gold in Equisetum hymale L. growing in various types of earth materials in four East Central Illinois counties had positive results. Gold bands were found in each sample that corresponded to the bands of the known AuCl, and the gold band wavelengths of 4437.3A and 4792.6A. Apparently Equisetum hyemale L. has the ability to remove gold from the soil and incorporate it in the rhizomes and tops. By using reference spectrums from the Eastern Illinois University Chemistry Department it was also determined that bismuth was present in both the rhizomes and tops of the plants sampled. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank Dr. U. D. Zimmerman of the E.I.U. botany department and Dr. L. Henderson of the E.1.U. chemistry department for their advice and counsel during my work on this project. 1978 Brussell, Equisetum stores gold 473 LITERATURE CITED Antweiler, J. C. and J. D. Love. 1969. Fluvial Transport of Fine-grained Gold: Geological Survey Research, 1969. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 650 A, PA-7. Beamish, F. E. 1961. A Critical Review of Colorimetric and Spectrographic Methods for Gold. Analytical Chemistry, Vollaesse nos 8. Blatchley, W. S. 1903. Gold and Diamonds in Indiana: Reprinted from the 27th Annual Report of the Indiana Department of Geology and Natural Resources, pp. 11-47. Bradbury, J. C., N. C. Hester, and R. R. Rush. 1970. Industrial Minerals Notes 44: Analysis of some Illinois Rocks for Gold. Illinois State Geological Survey Publication. Urbana. 14 p. Brode, W. R. 1943. Chemical Spectroscopy 2d ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York. Calder, A. B. 1969. Photometric Methods of Analysis American Elseview Publishing Company, Inc. New York. 312 p. Hodgman, C. D., R. C. Weast, R. S. Shankland, and S. M. Selby. 1962. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. The Chemical Rubber Publishing Co. Cleveland, Ohio. Hunter, R. E. 1966. Heavy Minerals In Sands Along the Wabash River: Illinois Geological Survey Circ. 402, 23 p. Nachtrieb, N. H. 1950. Principals and practice of Spectro- chemical Analysis. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. New York... 324 p. Nebergall, W. H., F. C. Schmidt, and H. F. Holtzclaw. 1968. General Chemistry. Raytheon Education Company. Boston. 693 p. Pinta, M. 1971. Detection and Determination of Trace Elements. Ann Arbor Science Publishers. London. 588 p. Skoog, D. A. and D. M. West. 1971. Principals of Instrumental Analysis. Holt, Rhinehart, Winston, Inc. New York. 710 p. ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS LIPPIA. V Harold N. Moldenke LIPPIA ALBA var. GLOBIFLORA (L'Hér.) Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 38: 395-399 & 401—06. 1978. Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Salta: Job 650 (N), 748 (N); Ragonese s.n. [Herb. Mus. Argent. Cienc. Nat. 19776] (N); Ruiz Huidobro 3078 (N), 3226 (N), 3230 (N), 3309 (N), 3343 (N), 3387 (N); Venturi s.n. (Herb. Mus. Argent. Cienc. Nat. 23767] (N). San Juan: Cuezzo 1127 (N). Laguna Oca Island: T. Rojas 12212 (N, N, S). Puentes Island: T. Meyer 10099 (N). CULTIVATED: Brazil: Barbosa da Silva 2 (Be--13382, N, W--2h39590); Henz s.n. [Herb. Rambo 35351) (N, N); Moldenke & Moldenke 19630 (Es, Lg, N); Sa- kane 286 (N, Sp--131331). India: Herb. Monac. 380 (Mu). Para- guay: Woolston 818 (N, S). LIPPIA ALNIFOLIA Schau. Additional bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 265. 1858; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.10: 271. 1966; Moldenke, Phy- tologia 13: 346. 1966; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 155 (1971) and 2: Sul, 551, & 890. 1971. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Martius s.n. [Jul. 1818] (Mu--3--type), s.n. [inter frutius M. Serra de Sincora] (Mu—l, Z) a LIPPIA AMERICANA L. Additional & emended synonymy: Lippia pyramidata Crantz, Inst. Rei Herb. 1: 546. 1766. Lippia hemisphaeria Jacq. ex Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 44, in syn. 1977. Additional & emended bibliography: Jacq., Select. Stirp. Amer., imp. 1, 176--177, pl. 179, fig. 100. 1763; Crantz, Inst. Rei Herb. 1: 546. 17663; [Retz.], Nom. Bot. 155. 17723 J. F. Gmel. in L., Syst. Nat., ed. 13, imp. 1, 2: 955 (1789) and ed. 13, imp. 2, 23 955. 1796; H.B.K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. Pl., ed. folio, 2: 216 (1817) and ed. quarto, 2: 267-268. 1818; Pers., Sp. Pl. 3: 352. 1819; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 265 & 266. 1858; Barnhart, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 29: 590. 1902; Britton & Br., Illustr. Fl., ed. 2, imp. 1, 3: 97. 1913; Mayor, Mem. Soc. Neuch. Sci. Nat. 5: 90. 1913; Robledo, Bot. Med. 268. 192); H. S. Jacks., Mycologia 2h: 65. 1932; F. D. Kern, Mycologia 25: 49. 1933; Britton & Br., Il- lustr. Fl., ed. 2, imp. 2, 3: 97. 1936; Cummins, Lloydia 3: 16 & 17. 19h0; Britton & Br., Illustr. Fl., ed. 2, imp. 3, 3: 97 (1943) and ed. 2, imp. h, 3: 97. 1917; K. Jones, Taxon 9: 183. 1960; J. F. Macbr., Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 13 (S$: 645 & 647-618. 1960; Troncoso in Cabrera, Fl. Prov. Buenos Aires 5: 145. 1965 Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.10: 271. 1966; Moldenke, Phytologia 1h: 7h 1978 Moldenke, Notes on Lippia 75 Ol. 1967; Anon., Ind. Bibliogr. Bot. Trop. (1): 55. 1967; Puig, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 103: 310 & 319. 1967; Stegmaier, Fla. Ent. 50: 133--136. 1967; Stegmaier, Biol. Abstr. 8: 9701. 1967; R. R. Stewart, Pakist. Journ. Forest. 17: 515. 19673 Molden- ke, Résumé Suppl. 16: ) & 5. 1968; A. L. Moldenke, Phytologia 18: 122 & 123. 1969; Britton & Br., Tlustr. Fl., ed. 2, imp. 5, 3: 97. 1970; Dennis, Kew Bull. Addit. Ser. 3: 177. 19703 Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeogr. Est. S. Paulo, ed. 1, : 834 & xi. 19713 Mol- denke, Fifth Summ. 1: 71, 91, 117, 136, & 1h2 (1971) and 2: 550, 552, 55h, 556, 562, 56h, & 890. 1971; Rouleau, Taxon Index Vols. 1-20, part 1: 216, 1972; Howard, Journ. Arnold Arb. 5): 458. 1973; Moldenke in Woodson, Schery, & al., Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 60: 67, 69--70, & 146. 1973; Troncoso, Darwiniana 18: 333, 33h, 336, & 10, fig. 9. 197; Lépez—Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andes 15: 57 & 61. 1975; Soukup, Biota 11: 13 & 1h. 1976; Moldenke, Phy- tologia 3h: 256 (1976) and 36: 32, 33, & hy. 1977. Additional illustrations: Jacq., Select. Stirp. Amer., imp. l, pl. 179, fig. 100 (1763) and imp. 2, pl. 179, fig. 100. 19713 Troncoso, Darwiniana 18: 333, fig. 9. 197h. Recent collectors describe this plant as a vine or vining shrub, or as an arching shrub or small tree, branching from a common base, 2——6 m. tall, with a stem diameter of 7.5-—-15 cm. at the base, the leaves opposite or 3-verticillate, growing on riverbanks and in limestone areas much cut over and browsed by animals, at 100—1,00 m., altitude, flowering in October and both flowering and fruiting from December to February. The corollas are said to have been "white" on P. H. Allen 092, while on Lépez-Palacios 3910 they were "blanquecina de garganta amarilla". Lépez—Palacios also re- cords the vernacular names, "guasguin" and "indio viejo". The Lippia floribunda H.B.K., as well as the homonyms credited to Humboldt & Bonpland, Humboldt & Kunth, and to Kunth, previous- ly regarded as belonging to the synonymy of typical L. americana, have been shown to belong to that of L. schlimii var. glabrescens (Moldenke) Moldenke instead. ee rd Macbride (1960) comments that "The Ecuadorian f. hyptoides (Benth.) Mold.....is possibly the Peruvian plant", citing Weber- bauer 6013 & 636 from Piura. Cummins (190) records the fungi, Prospodium lippiae (Speg.) Arth. and P. vongunteri (Mayor) Diet., as parasites on Lippia amer— icana in Ecuador (based on Holway & Holway 807 and A. S. Hitchcock 20110) and Colombia (based on E. Mayor 368). However, the host of the Holway collection proves to represent f. pilosa Moldenke, while that of the Hitchcock collection is f. hyptoides (Benth.) Moldenke. The Angely (1971) work cited in the bibliography above is some- times cited as "1970", the title-page date, but was not actually published until the next year. The H.B.K. reference dates have been authenticated by Barnhart (1902). Material of L. americana has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as L. umbellata Cav. and as Lantana sp. On the other hand, the Asplund 15733, 15752, & 15879, previously cited by 4.76 PHY? OLOGT & Vol. 38, no. 6 me (1965) as typical L. americana and Valverde 25 so distributed, are actually f. hyptoides (Benth.) Moldenke, while P. H. Allen 4092, Burch, Oliver, & Robertson 1198 & 128, Romero Castafieda 9382, S Schimpff 1090 & 112h, Stern, Eyde, & Ayensu 1722, and Ty: 2729 are f. pilosa osa Moldenke and Herb. Schreber sn. [ex eee is L. boliviana Rusby. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Magdalena: H. H. Smith 50 (Ld). Meta: Lépez—-Palacios 3910 (Ac, N). PUNA ISLAND: Eggers 14,739 (ia—3868)- LIPPIA AMERICANA f. HYPTOIDES (Benth.) Moldenke Additional bibliography: Schau. in A.DC., Prodr. 11: 579. 187; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 266. 1858; J. F. Macbr., Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 13 (5): 648. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 13: 347. 1966; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: 5. 1968; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 136, 137, & 142 (1971) and 2: 556, 557, & 890. 1971; Soukup, Biota 11: lh. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 32 & 33. Wr Asplund describes this plant as a shrub or climbing shrub, a- bout 3 m. tall, with long subscandent branches, and found it growing in thickets and on shrubby hillsides, flowering and fruiting in March. Valverde refers to it as a shrub, 1.5 m. tall, the flowers whitish with an "aspecto verdusco", and encountered it from sealevel to 1200 m. altitude. Other collectors have re- ported it 1——-5 m. tall “in dry scrub and forest vegetation" and in "sand and loam soil of fields", flowering in June. The corol- las are described as having been “white" on Asplund 15752, Barc= lay 42, and Holm-Nielsen & al. 7198, "pale-green" on Asplund 15879, and "greenish-white" on on Asplund 15733 15733. Some of these col- lections were previously (1965) cited by me as typical L. ameri- cana L. but seem better placed as f. hyptoides. Macbride (1960) comments that the Peruvian population, exemplified by Weberbauer 6013 & 6346, "is possibly" this form. I feel that both this form and the typical form of the species exist in Peru. Some recently collected material has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as f. pilosa Moldenke. Additional & emended citations: COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Lépez- Palacios 4016 (Z). ECUADOR: El Oro: Asplund 15733 (Ld, N, S) 15752 (N, S, W--2652h50). Guayas: Asplund 15879 (N, S); Valverde 25 (Ws). Manabi: Holm-Nielsen, Jeppesen, Lgjtnant, & #ligaard 7198 (N, S). PUNA ISLAND: G. ¥. Barclay )2 (W—2779683) . LIPPIA AMERICANA f. PILOSA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Speg., Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 6: 22h & 238. 1898; Holway, Bot. Gaz. 31: 335. 1901; Arth., N. Am. Fl. 7: 161. 1912; H. S. Jacks., Mycologia 2h: éh--65. 19323 Moldenke, Phytologia 1): Oh. 1967; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: lh. 1968; A. L. Moldenke, Phytologia 18: 122. "19693 Moldenke, Fifth mar Lt. 91. aa, "12h, & 136 (1971) and 2: 890. 1971; Mol- 1978 Moldenke, Notes on Lippia 77 denke in Woodson, Schery, & al., Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 60: 67. 1973; Lépez—Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andes 15: 57. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 3h: 256 (1976) and 36: 32. 1977. Collectors describe this plant as a vine, an arching or vining shrub, or a small tree, 2——5 m. tall, branching from a common base, the stems about 3 inches in diameter, and have found it growing in thickets, at the edges of woods, along trails, on river banks, in deep wooded canyons, and on hills in limestone areas much cutover and browsed by animals, at altitudes of about 100 m., flowering in October and from December to February, fruiting in February. Allen refers to it as "common in brushy places". The corollas are said to have been "white" on Allen 1092, Aristeguieta 2058, and Burch, Oliver, & Robertson 1198 & 1218 and "whitish" on Lépes-Palecios 3929. a Jackson (1932) records the fungus, Prospodium lippiae (Speg.) Arthur (1912), from this host, based on Holway & Holway 807, cited by me in a previous ane emene of these notes (19 65). He lists as synonymys for the fungus Puccinia lippiae Speg. (1898), Uredo lippiae Speg. (1898), and U. lippiae Dietel & Holway (1901). The fungus also attacks sia a gratissima (Gill. & Hook.) Troncoso. Lépez—Palacios ae says "Sin embargo, el ejemplar de Moc- querys, existente en Caracas es Lippia americana f. pilosa Molden- ke, al igual que el ejemplar de Washington (No. 2565773)". How- ever, the Washington sheet 2383050, also an unnumbered Mocquerys collection from Duaca, collected in 1893—189h, is also a species of Cordia. He continues: "Quedan entoncas para este taxon los regis— tros de Lara (Smith V. 238; Mocquerys s.n., Duaca) y Zulia (Aris- teguieta 2058 y y Pittier 10541)", Material of this form has been erroneously identified and dis- tributed in some herbaria as L. hemisphaerica Jacq. and L. umbel- lata Cav. On the other hand, “the Lépez—Palacios 1,016 4016, distributed as f. pilosa, actually = f. hyptoides (Benth, ) Moldenke. Additional & emended citations: PANAMA: Herrera: P. H. Allen 4092 (E—1597099, E--178)815); Burch, Oliver, & Robertson 1198" (E— 1881983, W--2589,6,); Stern, Byde, & & Ayensu yensu 1722 [wood spec. USw. 33585] (E--1835892, Mi, > W—2),9023h) « “Los Santos: Burch, Oliver, & Robertson 12))8 (E--1881975, W—2589)9h); Tyson 2729 9 (B—-1870010) . COLOMBIA: Bolfvar: Romero Castafieda 9382 (N). Santander: Lépez= Palacios 3929 (N, Z). VENEZUELA: Lara: | Mocquerys s.n. [Duaca, 1893—-9h] in part (W--2565773). Zulia: Aristeguieta 2058 (N). EC- UADOR: Guayas: Schimpff 1090 (Mu), 112) (Mu). rigeL LIPPIA ANGUSTIFOLIA Cham, Additional bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 265. 1858; Angely, Fl. Anal. Paran., ed. 1, 575. 19653 Moldenke, Phy- tologia 14: 0). 1967; Angely, Fl. Anal, & Fitogeogr. Est. S. Pau- lo, ed. 1, h: 835 & xi, map 1385. 1971; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: ise. 186, *& 198 (1971) and 2: 550, 555, 618, & 890. 1971; Troncoso, 4,78 PEBY.T.0.4564 2 & Vol. 38, no. 6 Darwiniana 18: 30 & 10. 197). Recent collectors refer to this plant as an herb, 1 m, tall, and have encountered it on campos, in brejo near gallery forests, and "in standing water", flowering in March and December. The corollas are said to have been "yellow" on Hatschbach 25833 and Quarin & Schinini 1031 and "light-yellow" on Fiebrig 402) nm Fiebrig 02h. Troncoso (197) states that the species is found in "Paraguay, Brasil austral, Argentina: Misiones, Corrientes". The Angely (1971) reference in the bibliography above bears the erroneous date "1970" on its title-page. Material of L. angustifolia has been misidentified and dis- tributed in some herbaria as Verbena sp. On the other hand, the Fiebrig 083 & 4773, distributed in some herbaria as L. angusti- folia, actually are L. longepedunculata Kuntze. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Parand: Hatschbach 25833 (Ld). PARAGUAY: Fiebrig 02) (Mu-—-l128); Hassler 8647 (Ws). ARGENTINA: Corrientes: Quarin & Schinini 1031 (2). LIPPIA ANTAICA Loes. & Moldenke Additional bibliography: J. F. Macbr., Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 13 (5): 645 & 648. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 12: 85--86. 1965; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 12 (1971) and 2: 550 & 890. 1971; Sou- kup, Biota 11: 1). 1976. Macbride (1960) cites only the type collection of this species. LIPPIA ARBOREA Rojas, Cat. Hist. Nat. Corrient. 76. 1897 [not L. arborea Pavon, i9h2, nor Sessé & Moc., 190]. Bibliography: Rojas Acosta, Cat. Hist. Nat. Corrient. 76 & 172. 1897; Krapovickas, Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 11, Supl. 259. 1970; Heslop-Harrison, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 15: 80. 1974; Moldenke, Phyto- logia 31: 387. 1975. The L. arborea of Pavon and of Sessé & Mocifio are synonyms of L. callicarpaefolia H.B.K. of Mexico and Guatemala. Although the exact identity of the Rojas taxon is not yet known, it can hardly have anything to do with the Mexican and Guatemalan plant. LIPPIA ARECHAVALETAE Moldenke Additional bibliography: Angely, Fl. Anal. Paran., ed. 1, 575. 1965; Moldenke, Phytologia 13: 347. 1966; Moldenke, Fifth Summ, 1: 155, 186, 189, & 198 (1971) and 2: 890. 1971; Moldenke, Phyto- logia 25: 229. 1973; Troncoso, Darwiniana 18: 30 & 410. 197). Recent collectors describe this species as a xylopodiferous erect herb, 1.25 m. tall, and have encountered it on “campo lim- po" and in "brejo", flowering in January, September, and October. Lindeman and his associates found it on a "morro de arenito com chapada de basalto". The corollas are said to have been "yellow" on Hatschbach 26179, 30518, & 37527 and Lindeman & al. 8532. Troncoso (197) asserts that its natural distribution is "Uru- guay, Argentina: E. Rfos, Brasil aust." The Pabst 661) (Pereira 6788; Herb. Brad. 22516], distributed 1978 Moldenke, Notes on Lippia 79 as L. arechavaletae, seems actually to be L. campestris Moldenke. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Mato Grosso: Hatschbach 26179 (Ld), 30518 (Ld). Paran4: Hatschbach 37527 (Ld). Rio Grande do Sul: Lindeman, Irgang, & Valls ICN.8532 2 (Ut——320)52) . LIPPIA ARECHAVALETAE var. MICROPHYLLA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 13: 37. 1966; Moldenke, Fifth Sum. 1: 155 (1971) and 2: 890. 1971. LIPPIA ASPERRIMA Cham. Additional bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 265. 1858; Hieron., Bol. Acad. Nac. Gienc. Cérdoba : [Sert. Sanjuan.] 05. 1881; R. C. Foster, Contrib. Gray Herb. 18): 170. 1958; An- gely, Fl. Anal. Paran., ed. 1, 575. 1965; Moldenke, Phytologia 13: 3L.7—3L8 . 1966; Moldenke, résumé Suppl. 16: 6. 1968; Angely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeogr. Est. S. Paulo, ed. 1, : 835 & xi. 19713 Mol- denke, Fifth Summ. 1: 155, 183, 186, 189, & 198 (1971) and 2: 551 & 890. 1971; Troncoso, Darwiniana 18: 33, 3h0, & 410. 197k; Mol- denke, Phytologia 31: 381. 1975. Recent collectors have encountered this plant in cerrado, among rocks, in dry sandy grasslands, and on campos associated with Pteridium aquilinum, at altitudes of 500-—-2000 m., flowering in January, February, April, October, and November. Morel )),98 is quite atypical. Hatschbach & Scherer 3003 is a mixture with Le turnerifolia Cham. The corollas of L. asperr are said to have been "yellow" on Burkart 19566, Hatschbach rae, Hatschbach & Scherer 3003, Meyer & & Legname s.n s.n., Morel 2730, Sch Schinini, Quarin, Arbo, & Pire Pire 10260, Rojas 1235), and Schwarz 783. Angely (1971) records this species from Mato Grosso, S&o Paulo, Paran&, and Rio Grande do Sul. His work bears the title-page date "1970", but was not issued until 1971. Troncoso (197) records the species from Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentina (Chaco, Corrientes, & Misiones). and cites Herter 8259) from Uruguay. Material has been misidentified and distributed in some herbar- ia as L. morongii Kuntze, L. turnerifolia Cham., Lantana sp., and Verbena sp. On the other hand, the Herter 989 [Herb. Herter 82598] in at least some ‘ieroaete is L. morongii Kuntze, Herb. An- chieta 53437 (cited and distributed by Rambo as L. asperr rima) is actually L. - L. turnerifolia Cham., while Herb. Anchieta 60323 is L. asperrima var. rotundata Moldenke. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Mato Grosso: Hatschbach & Scherer 3003 in part (M, W--2706682). Paran4: Hatschbach 30785 (Ld). Rio Grande do Sul: Bornmiiller 206 (Mu--270); Sehnem 360 (B). BOLIV- TA: Chiquisaca: Troll 60 (Mu). PARAGUAY: Hassler 2359 (Ws). URU- GUAY: H. H. Bartlett ; 21030 (Mi). ARGENTINA: Chaco: Buratovich 157 (N), 179 (N)j T. Rojas 12354 (N). Corrientes: Burkart 19566 (W— 2567979) ; Ibarrola 853 (Wy), | 2495 (N); Pedersen 9650 (N). Formosa: 480 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 6 Jorgensen 2631 (E~831893); I. Morel 785 (Ms--3)156), 2730 (N), 3036 (N), 3635 (N), 3833 (N), 4353 353 (N), 4498 (N), 4708 ; (N), 4787 TN), 5851 (N), 6357 ( (N). Jujuy: y: Schinini, i, Quarin, “Arbo, & Pire- 10260 (Ld). Misiones: J. E. Montes L726 (Au—271295, 1 Ld, N)j G. J. Sc! Schwarz 783 (N). Salta: | Meyer & feyer & Legname s.n. [13-1-1969] (N). Santa Fé: | Hubrich s.n. [Rosario de Sa. Fé) (Mu). LIPPIA ASPERRIMA var. LONGIPEDUNCULATA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 13: 348 (1966) and 14: 410. 1967; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 186, 189, & 198 (1971) and 2: 890. 1971. Tressens and his associates describe the corollas of this plant as "yellow & orange". Material has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as L. villafloridana Kuntze. Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Corrientes: Tressens, Benf- tez, Bissio, Cristébal, Fern4ndez, Mroginski, Pire, & Pueyo 200 (Z). LIPPIA ASPERRIMA var. ROTUNDATA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Angely, Fl. Anal. Paran., ed. 1, 575. 1965; Moldenke, Phytologia 12: 93--9h,. 1965; Moldenke Résumé Suppl. 16: 6. 1968; Moldenke, Fifth Sum. 1: 155 & 198 (1971) and 22 890.1971. Material of this variety has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as typical L. asperrima Cham. and the Herb. Anch- deta 60323, cited below, is so cited by Rambo (1965). ~~ Additional citatdonss BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul: Rambo Herb. Anchieta 60323 (B). LIPPIA BAHIENSIS Moldenke, Phytologia 31: 229—230. 1975. Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 31: 229--230 & 384. 1975. Collectors have encountered this plant on dry hillsides with white metamorphic crumbling rock (talc?) with low trees and shrubs and some cerrado in the valleys, at an altitude of 1000 m., flowering in January. They describe it as a slender ascending or decumbert herb, the corollas "purple" when fresh. Citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Harley, Renvoize, Erskine, Brighton, & Pinheiro in Harley 15027 (Z—type), 15137a (ky. LIPPIA BALANSAE Briq. Additional synonymy: Lantana lilacina Chod. ex Briq. in Chod. & Hassl., Pl. Hassler. 2: 90, in syn. 190h [not L. lilacina Desf., 1829, nor Desv., 1902, nor H.B.K., 1902, nor Mart. & Gal., 1959]. Additional bibliography: Briq. in Chod. & Hassl., Bull. Herb. Boiss., ser. 2, h: 1154. 1903; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 0h. 1967; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 16: 6. 1968; Moldenke, Fifth Sum. 1: 185 & 186 (1971) and 2: 540, 552, 557, & 890. 1971; Troncoso, Darwiniana 18: 338 & 10. 197h; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 3h. 1977. 1978 Moldenke, Notes on Lippia 4,81. Recent collectors describe this plant as an herb, to 2 m. tall, or a shrub, 1.7 m. tall, growing on inundated (varzea) land, in "capoeira", and along roadsides "in campo where sods have been cut", and have found it in flower and fruit in April and May. The corollas are said to have been "violet" in color on Schinini 9090, "lilac" on Hatschbach 38696, "white-lilac" on Schinini 9132, and "purple (SP 5/6)" on Lindeman & Haas 2472. On the last-mentioned collection the lowest leaves are broadly 3—lobed! The Lantana lilacina accredited to Desfontaines, to Desvaux, and to Humboldt, Bonpland, & Kunth, referred to in the synonymy above, belong to the synonymy of Lantana fucata Lindl., while that of Mar- tens & Galeotti is L. trifolia L. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Mato Grosso: Hatschbach 38696 (Ld). Paran4: Hatschbach 12952 (ld); Lindeman & Haas 2)72 (Ld). PARAGUAY: Krapovickas & Cristébal 13260 (Ld); T. Rojas 893 (Mu); Schinini 9090 (Ld), 9132 (Ld). LIPPIA BAUMII Giirke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 13: 348. 1966; Richards & Morony, Check List Fl. Mbala 238. 1969; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 237, 21, 2hh, & 25h (1971) and 2: 551 & 890. 1971. Richards & Morony (1969) cite M.R.183 & 801h, collected at the edge of "dambo" and in sandy soil among rocks, at altitudes of 5000--5800 feet. Additional citations: NAMIBIA: Baum 515 (Mu—3916—isotype). LIPPIA BELLATULA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 265. 1858; Schubert, Assoc. Trop. Biol. Bull. 4: 73. 1965; J. A. Clarke, Card-Ind. Gen. Sp. & Var. Pl. issue 245. 1965; Moldenke, Phytologia 13: 348. 1966; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 14: 79. 19703; Moldenke, Fifth Summ, 1: 155 (1971) and 2: 551 & 890. 1971. Recent collectors describe this plant as a shrub, 1—1.5 m. tall, or an herb, to 20-cm. tall, and have encountered it in cerrado on slopes, in cut-over semi-deciduous forests on slopes, and on dry hillsides with white metamorphic crumbling rock (talc?) with low trees and shrubs and some cerrado in the valleys, at an altitude of about 1000 m., flowering in January and February. The corollas are said to have been "pale-purple" on Harley 15137, "pink, throat yel- low" on Irwin, Harley, & Smith 30955, and "lavender-pink, the throat red, aging to red-violet" on Irwin, Harley, & Smith 30800. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Harley, Renvoize, Erskine, Brighton, & Pinheiro in Harley 15137 (K); Irwin, Harley, & Smith 30800 (N, Z), 30955 (Ld, N, W—-2709297); Martius 1983 [Macbride photos 20322] (Mu—19-—-type). LIPPIA BOCAINENSIS Glaz. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 12: 99. 1965; An- gely, Fl. Anal. & Fitogeogr. Est. S. Paulo, ed. 1, h: 835. 1971; 4,82 PHZTTOL OOT & Vol. 38, no. 6 Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 155 (1971) and 2: 890. 1971. LIPPIA BOLIVIANA Rusby Additional bibliography: R. C. Foster, Contrib. Gray Herb. 18): 170. 1958; J. F. Macbr., Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 13 (5): 619 & 650. 1960; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.12: 336. 1967; Moldenke, Phytologia 1h: ok. 19673 Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 15: 5. 1967; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 49: 1321. 1968; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 12, 183, & 198 (1971) and 2: 890. 19713; Troncoso, Darwiniana 18: 33, 338, & 410. 197); Soukup, Biota 11: 1). 1976. Troncoso (19745 cites Hjerting & al. 39 from Salta, Argentina, deposited in the San Isidro herbarium. Two specimens in Munich from the Schreber herbarium, inscribed as "ex Antillis?" on their labels and misidentified as L. americana L., seem to be L. boliviana instead, while the Martius and Herb. Zuccarini s.n. [TMexico? Brasilia? ] eosin from Minas Gerais in the same Munich herbarium are mixtures with Aloysia sellowii (Briq.) Moldenke. Additional citations: PERU: Province undetermined: Haenke sen. (Mu--7). BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Martius s.n. [in campis editis Minarum occidentalium (SertZo) Augusto] (ifu--58, Mu). BOLIVIA: Cochabamba: M. Bang 979 (E—116717—isotype) ; Troll 1391 (Mu). Potosi: Fiebrig 31 ~ (Mu--)073) « LOCALITY OF COLLECTION UNDE= TERMINED: Herb. Schreber sen. [ex Antillis?] (Mu—5, Mu--6); Herb. Zuccarini s.n. sen. (Mexico? Brasilia? ] (Mu--59) . LIPPIA BOLIVIANA var. ANGUSTA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 14: 0h. 19673 Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.12: 336. 1967; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 15: 5. 1967; Moldenke, Biol. 49: 1321. 1968; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 183 (1971) and 2: 890. 1971. The leaves on the United States National Herbarium isotype of this variety are definitely ternate. Additional citations: BOLIVIA: Cochabamba: R. F. Steinbach 191 (N--isotype, W—2533170--isotype) . LIPPIA BOTHRIOURA Briq. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 13: 38. 1966; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 186 & 189 (i971) and 2: 890. 1971. LIPPIA BRACTEATA Carr. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 13: 38. 1966; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 366 (1971) and 2: 551 & 890. 1971. LIPPIA BRACTEOSA (Mart. & Gal.) Moldenke Additional bibliography: Schau. in A.DC., Prodr. 11: 608. 1873 Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 252. 1858; Moldenke, Phytologia 1h: Oh. 1967; Moldenke, Fifth Summ, 1: 71 (1971) and 2: 536, 551, 562, & 890. 1971. [to be continued] A FLORISTIC SURVEY OF EIGHT COAL SITES IN THE DECKER, MONTANA-SHERIDAN, WYOMING AREA.* Don Brink Department of Botany, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801 and Lillian M. Mayer Peter Kiewit Sons' Co., Mining District, P. 0. Box 746, Sheridan, Wyoming 82801 Abstract: A floristic survey of proposed, operational, and abandoned coal strip mine sites resulted in an annotated checklist of 407 vascular plant species in 236 genera and 63 families. Habitat and occurrence (i.e. Montana and/or Wyoming) of each species is included. The checklist is prefaced by a characterization of climate, topography, and major plant community types. A floristic survey of three study sites in Sheridan County, Wyoming and five sites in Big Horn County, Montana (Fig. 1) was ' conducted in spring and summer of 1976 and 1977, while the authors were employed by Peter Kiewit Sons' Co., Mining Reclamation Department, Sheridan, Wyoming. These study sites are in and around proposed, operational, and abandoned coal strip mine areas. All of the study sites are located in the Tongue River drainage. This river flows northeast from the Big Horn Mountains in Wyoming and along the northwestern border of the Powder River Basin toward its confluence with the Yellowstone River at Miles City, Montana. The southern-most study site at Acme, Wyoming is located seven miles north of Sheridan, Wyoming at the confluence of Tongue River and Big Goose Creek. Of the eight study sites, two contain only intermittent watercourses, one contains a perennial creek, and the other five border the Tongue River. Occasional low-lying areas along the river support riparian woodland with a canopy of Populus deltoides Marsh., Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh., and Acer negundo L. Understories are variable. Although many plant species are found in riparian situations (riparian woodlands, open places along watercourses, freshwater marshes, and temporary ponds), these habitat types represent a very small portion of the study areas. * We are grateful to Peter Kiewit Sons' Co., Mining Reclamation Department for supporting this study. 483 Figure 1. PHYTOLOG iA Vol. 38, no. 6 MON TANA v4 ty. E N rT. TS wip SAL = ae ys cc 2) Locations of floristic survey areas. 1978 Brink & Mayer, A floristic survey 85 Elevations on the sites range from 3400 to 4200 feet. Relatively level or mildly rolling plains adjoin the river in some places. These are cut by several ephemeral watercourses which are usually dry, but carry large amounts of water during periods of spring runoff and heavy rainfall. This low-lying topography gives way abruptly to eroded hills with prominent rocky outcroppings. Upslope, the hills grade into benchlands which are irregularly dissected by deep valleys with shallower washes and draws. There are also level uplands which are some- what rolling but not heavily dissected by gullies. The predominant vegetation type is sagebrush-grassland. This semi-arid habitat has more floristic diversity than the riparian habitats because of its larger area, but presents a very uniform appearance due to the presence of big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.). Big sagebrush and associated grasses and forbs form an extensive savanna which is interrupted by patches of grassland. There is a continual succession of plant species appearing in the sagebrush-grassland from early spring to late fall. Many species of Astragalus bloom in spring and early summer. Sunflowers (Helianthus spp.), goldenrods (Solidago spp.), and other Compositae add color to the landscape in mid- and late summer. Heavy utilization of the sagebrush-grassland for grazing may account for the abundance of species unpalatable to cattle such as Artemisia tridentata Nutt., Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pall.) Britt., and Opuntia polyacantha Haw. (U.S. Geological Survey and Montana Department of State Lands, 1977). Other species common in the sagebrush-grassland association include Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn., Agropyron smithii Rydb., Agropyron spicatum (Pursh) Scribn. & Smith, Bromus japonicus Thunb., Bromus tectorum L., Chenopodium spp., Poa spp., Stipa comata Trin. & Rupr., and Stipa viridula Trin. In the more mesic areas of the sagebrush- grassland, silver sagebrush (Artemisia cana Pursh) is common. Low-lying saline areas are sometimes characterized by an interesting group of salt tolerant species including Bassia hyssopifolia (Pall.) Kuntze, Distichlis stricta (Torr.) Rydb., Hordeum pusillum Nutt., and Suaeda occidentalis Wats. Ponderosa pine-juniper woodland (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. and Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.) is found on some hillsides, especially lining the draws. On drier sites, this association might be better described as ponderosa pine-juniper savanna. Other hillsides support a more dense stand of pine, with fewer junipers. In between the extremes of habitat represented by the low- lying riparian woodlands and the windswept rocky hilltops, there are many other plant associations, habitats, and microenvironments. Mean monthly temperatures at Sheridan, Wyoming range from 21° F. in January to 72° F. in July (Becker and Alyea, 1964a), and are comparable to Decker, Montana mean monthly temperatures of 20° F. in January to 70° F. in July (U.S. Geological Survey and Montana Department of State Lands, 1977). Mean annual precipitation at Sheridan, Wyoming is 16 inches with about 10.6 1,86 Me ETC. eG: BA Vol. 38, no. 6 inches falling during April through September (Becker and Alyea, 1964b). Mean annual precipitation of 11.8 inches at Decker, Montana is about 25% less than at Sheridan, Wyoming. Precipitation can vary considerably from year to year. For example, Decker, Montana received 6.5 inches of precipitation in 1960 and 17.6 inches in 1968 (U.S. Geological Survey and Montana Department of State Lands, 1977). Primary reference sources for plant identifications and nomenclature included Hichcock et al. (1955-1969), Booth and Wright (1959), Hahn (1973), Hitchcock and Chase (1950), Harrington (1964), and Munz and Keck (1959). A reference herbarium of these collections has been established at Peter Kiewit Sons' Co., Mining District, Sheridan, Wyoming. Voucher specimens have been deposited also in the following herbaria: California State University, Chico (CHSC); University of Montana (MONTU); and the University of Wyoming (RM) (herbarium abbreviations from Holmgren and Keuken, 1974). In the following species list, the families are arranged alphabetically under horsetails, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms (Dicotyledonae and Monocotyledonae). Genera and species are arranged alphabetically within their respective families. The following abbreviations are used to designate whether each plant was found in Montana and/or Wyoming, and the habitat type(s) in which each occurs. M Montana Pj ponderosa pine-juniper W Wyoming rb river bank aq aquatic rh rocky hillsides cb creek banks rm reclaimed mine lands da disturbed areas ro rocky outcroppings fm freshwater marshes rw riparian woodlands fp flood plains sa saline areas gr grasslands sg sagebrush-grassland iw intermittent watercourses tp temporary ponds or open ridgetops ws widespread HORSETAILS EQUISETACEAE Equisetum laevigatum A. Br. MWS. Tb FERNS ASPIDIACEAE Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. M, W; iw, sg. Woodsia oregana D. C, Eat. Ms arog GYMNOS PERMS CUPRESSACEAE Juniperus horizontalis Moen¢h. M), Wisi piitesee Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. M, Ws; pj- 1978 Brink & Mayer, A floristic survey PINACEAE Pinus ponderosa Dougl. M, W; pj ANGIOSPERMS DICOTYLEDONAE ACERACEAE Acer negundo L. M, W; rw. AMARANTHACEAE Amaranthus graecizans L. M; da, Amaranthus retroflexus L. M; da ANACARDIACEAE Rhus trilobata Nutt. MomWisy Gb, rm, sg. TOs Sis Toxicodendron radicans Kuntze. M, W; rw. APOCYNACEAE Apocynum androsaemifolium L. M; Apocynum sibiricum Jacq. M, W; ASCLEPIADACEAE Asclepias speciosa Torr. M, W; Asclepias verticillata L. M; gr pij- iw, rw. ra Wea hs cl oe, Ae sclelp Asclepias viridiflora Raf. M; iw, pj. BORAGINACEAE Asperugo procumbens L. W; rw. Cryptantha bradburiana Pays. M, Cryptantha kelseyana G Greene, M; Cryptantha watsonii (Gray) Greene. Cynoglossum officinale L. W; rw Hackelia deflexa (Wahlenb.) Opiz. Lappula echinata Gilib. M, W; g Lappula redowskii (Hornem.) Greene. Lithospermum incisum Lehnm. M, W; Mertensia lanceolata (Pursh) A. DC. Myosotis laxa Lehm. W; rb. Myosotis micrantha Pall. W; da, Onosmodium molle Michx. W; iw, CACTACEAE Mammillaria vivipara (Nutt.) Haw. Opuntia polyacantha Haw. M, W; CAMPANULACEAE Campanula rotundifolia L. M, W; Triodanis leptocarpa ( (Nutt.) Nieuwl. CAPPARIDACEAE Cleome serrulata Pursh. M, W; d Polanisia trachysperma T. & G. M; sg. CAPRIFOLIACEAE Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake. W; pj- Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hook. M, W; rw. CARYOPHYLLACEAE Arenaria nuttallii Pax. Ms orn. Cerastium arvense L. M, Ws .pJis. rw. Paronychia sessiliflora Nutt. Ms OF, pills Wiss Sie (SE sg. Oey Uy eae M; gr, EE See M;. Se. sg. rw. M; sg. Sr, Sg. iw, pj. Me wi, Av Siao SLi, Silene menziesii Hook. Ws cb), .Ew sg. sg. 187 4,88 PHY TO°L"OG = A Vol. 38, no. 6 CHENOPODIACEAE Atriplex argentea Nutt. M; m, sg. Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. M; rm. Atriplex confertifolia (Torr. & Frem.) Wats. Atriplex dioica (Nutt.) Macbr. Ms"sa,. (se Atriplex nuttallii Wats. M, W; gr. Bassia hyssopifolia (Pall.) Kuntze. M; sa. Ceratoides lanata (Pursh) J. T. Howell. M, Chenopodium album L. M, W; ws. Chenopodium fremontii Wats. M; rw. Chenopodium glaucum L. M; Sa. Chenopodium pratericola Rydb. M; rm. Chenopodium rubrum L. Msgr Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. M, W; da, ws. Monolepis nuttalliana (Schult.) Greene. M; Salsola kali L. M, W; da, rm. M; sa, sg. W; pj, sg. da, sg. Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr. M; sa, sg. Suaeda intermedia Wats. M; sa, sg. Suaeda occidentalis Wats. M; gr, sa. COMPOSITAE Achillea millefolium L. M;. Ws! iw, “pji,) see Agoseris glauca (Pursh) Raf. M, W; er. Ambrosia psilostachya DC. M, W; iw, sg. Ambrosia trifida L. M, W; gr, iw, rw. Antennaria dimorpha (Nutt.) T. & G. M; sg. Antennaria rosea Greene. M; W3 255 pub Se. Arctium lappa L. M, W; rw. Arnica sororia Greene. W; gr. Artemisia absinthium L. W, rw. Artemisia biennis Willd. Me Eb Artemisia campestris L. M: (or, (or, rhe Artemisia cana Pursh. M, W; iw, sg. Artemisia dracunculus L. M; sg. Artemisia frigida Willd. M; W3) gr, “xh, ser Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. M, W; iw, sg. Artemisia tridentata Nutt. M, Ws sg. Aster brachyactis Blake. M: eb. “Ep Aster ciliolatus Lindl. W; rw. Aster falcatus Lindl. M, Ws) day 2x, se Aster hesperius Gray. Mn ecbr Bahia oppositifolia (Nutt.) DC. M, W; da, ¢r, se. Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. W; er. Bidens vulgata Greene, Me cb) tp. Chaenactis douglasii (Hook.) H. & A. M; rh, Chrysopsis villosa (Pursh) Nutt. M, W; gr, sg. rh, sg. Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pall.) Britt. M, W; rh, sg. Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. M, Wis) da, cb, se. Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng. M; da, gr, sg. Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. M, W; iw, sg. Crepis acuminata Nutt. M, W; st, pj, Sg. Crepis intermedia Gray. M; pj- 1978 Brink & Mayer, A floristic survey 489 Crepis modocensis Greene. Ms ase Crepis occidentalis Nutt. M, W; sg. Echinacea pallida Nutt. M; iw, sg. Erigeron compositus Pursh. M; or. Erigeron engelmannii A. Nels. M; sg. Erigeron glabellus Nutt. W; rw. Erigeron ochroleucus Nutt. M3 sg. Erigeron pumilus Nutt. M; sg. Gaillardia aristata Pursh. M, Wis ipa. Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal. Mi, WS GIN, fies (eee Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby. M, W; gr, rh, sg. Haplopappus armerioides (Nutt.) Gray. Msirchian Siz. Haplopappus spinulosus (Pursh) DC. M, W; sg. Helianthus annuus L. Ms Wiida, or, se. Helianthus maximilianii Schrad. Mise oas pli. Helianthus petiolaris N Nutt. M; da, gr, sg. Hymenopappus filifolius Hook. Mi Wisi oie. achaasic. Iva xanthifolia Nutt. M, W; da, iw, sg. Kuhnia eupatorioides L. M, W; sg. Lactuca pulchella (Pursh) DC. Ms) Wal Jen. "ser Lactuca serriola L. M, W; da, gr, sg. Liatris punctata Hook, M, W; gr, sg. Lygodesmia juncea (Pursh) D. Don. M, Wi or, se. Machaeranthera canescens (Pursh) Gray. M; da, gr, sg. Machaeranthera grindelioides (Nutt.) Keck & Cronq. M, W; sg. Machaeranthera tanacetifolia (H.B.K.) Nees. Mo Wisi et.) Si. Microseris cuspidata (Pursh) Schultz-Bip. W; sg. Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Woot. & Standl. My Wa er; iw, sg. Senecio canus Hook. Men Wse-rhl. Ser Senecio integerrimus Nutt. We Siu SS Senecio plattensis Nutt. M; sg. Solidago canadensis L. W; rw. Solidago missouriensis Nutt. M, W; sg. Solidago mollis Bartl. Msi ore lw Solidago nemoralis Ait. M; iw, sg. Solidago rigida L. M; iw, sg. Sonchus uliginosus Bieb. MM: cbi. Stephanomeria runcinata Nutt. Mev rhyese. Tanacetum vulgare L. M, W; rb, rw. Taraxacum officinale Weber. M, W; gr, sg. Townsendia hookeri Beaman, M, We) ox.) chr. Tragopogon dubius Scop. M, Ws; gr, sg. Xanthium strumarium L. M, W; da, iw, rw. CONVOLVULACEAE Convolvulus arvensis L. M, W; da, rw. Convolvulus sepium L. M, W; rw. Evolvulus nuttallianus R. & S. Ms We rh, ise’. 490 Pon Y T.00:6 T&A Vol. 38, CORNACEAE Cornus stolonifera Michx. W; rw. CRUCIFERAE Alyssum alyssoides L. We gre Alyssum desertorum Stapf. M, W; sg. Arabis holboellii Hornem, M, W; sg. Armoracia rusticana Gaertn., Mey. & Scherb. M; cb. Camelina microcarpa Andrz. M Weiler, iwi isa. Chorispora tenella DC. MuWseers iso. Conringia orientalis (L.) Dumort. M; sg. Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt. M; gr, sg. Descurainia richardsonii (Sweet) Schultz. M; sg. Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb. M, W; cb, da, sg. Draba nemorosa L. W; sg. Draba reptans (Lam.) Fern. W; pj. Erysimum asperum (Nutt.) DC. M, W3 "sr; "se. Erysimum inconspicuum (Wats.) MacM. M, W; er. Hesperis matronalis L. M, W; da, rw. Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. M, W; sg. Lepidium perfoliatum ie M, W; sa, sg. Lesquerella curvipes A. Nels. Ws) oF, ‘piis senses Lesquerelia | occidentalis Wats. M; or, rh. Physaria d ocarpa (Hook.) Gray. W; iw, pj, rh. Rorippa Tees (ed. ) Borbas. M, W; iw, rw. Sisymbrium altiss altissimum L. M, W;).da,. er, See Sisymbrium loesellii L. M, W; da, sg. Thlaspi arvense L. Moe Ws on. iwe asc. CUCURBITACEAE Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) T. & G. M, W; rw. ELAEAGNACEAE Elaeagnus angustifolia L. W; m. Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt. W; rw. EUPHORBIACEAE Euphorbia esula L. Mapiw, aS a. Euphorbia robusta (Engelm.) Small. M; sg. Euphorbia serpyllifolia Pers. M; da, sg. Euphorbia spathulata Lam. M, W; sg. HYDROPHYLLACEAE Ellisia nyctelea L. M, Ws da, iw, se. Phacelia hastata Dougl. M: ‘pj, /SE; Phacelia linearis (Pursh) Holz. M, W; sg. LABIATAE Hedeoma drummondii Benth. wl Salipep detec Hedeoma hispida Pursh. M, W; sg. Lycopus americanus Muhl. Ms) £m, rw Mentha arvensis L. M,, Ws cb, tm, rb), cw Monarda fistulosa L. W; rw. Nepeta cataria L. W; Iw. Prunella vulga vulgaris L. W; iw, rw. Scutellaria galericulata L. M; cb. Stachys palustris L. M, Ws) Lw5, rw. 1978 Brink & Mayer, A floristic survey 491 LEGUMINOSAE Astragalus bisulcatus (Hook.) Gray. M, W; da, gr, sg. Astragalus cibarius Sheld. M, W; pj, sg. Astragalus crassicarpus Nutt. Ma aWishipiiasse. Astragalus dasyglottis Fisch. M, W; gr, iw. Astragalus drummondii Hook. W; er. Astragalus flexuosus (Dougl.) G. Don. M; sg. Astragalus gilviflorus Sheld. My Witiew.. chi isp: Astragalus missouriensis Nutt. Wis Ghey Ten Astragalus purshii Dougl. M, W; gr, sg. Astragalus spatulatus Sheld. M; pj, sg. Astragalus stenophyllus T. &G. M; sg. Astragalus striatus Nutt. W; sg. Astragalus tenellus Pursh. Mel oesor Caragana arborescens Lam. W; rm. Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh. Me We weep ji. Lupinus argenteus Pursh. WIR fetes Teale Lupinus pusillus Pursh. M; sg. Medicago lupulina L. M, Wi, dag? arse crw Medicago sativa L. M, W; da, ws. Melilotus alba Desr. M, W; da. Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. M, W; da, ws. Onobrychis viciaefolia Scop. M, W; rm. Oxytropis besseyi (Rydb.) Blank. Meno chs. Oxytropis sericea Nutt. M, W; sg. Petalostemon candidum Michx. Mision ss sips _Petalostemon purpureum (Vent.) Rydb. M, W; gr, sg. Psoralea argophylla Pursh. Ms or eee Psoralea esculenta Pursh. M, W; gr, sg. Psoralea tenuiflora Pursh. M, Wis (ea, ise. Trifolium fragiferum L. W; rw. Trifolium hybridum L. W; rw. Trifolium pratense L. M,; Ws iw, rw. Vicia americana Muhl. M, W; rw, sg. LINACEAE Linum perenne L. Ms) Wiap als ecw SS Linum rigidum Pursh. M, W3 er, Sp. LOASACEAE Mentzelia decapetala (Pursh) Urb. & Gilg. Mei Weedas xh, Mentzelia dispersa Wats. M; iw, sg. MALVACEAE Malva rotundifolia L. M; da. Sphaeralcea coccinea (Pursh) Rydb. MAOWs) en. che (si. NYCTAGINACEAE Mirabilis linearis (Pursh) Heimerl. M, W; sg. OLEACEAE Fraxinus americana L. W; rw. Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. W; rw. ONAGRACEAE Epilobium watsonii Barbey. Ms) eb; Gaura coccinea (Nutt.) Pursh. Me We tor iweepili. 1Sec sg. 92 PE POL OG Fa Vol. 38, no. 6 Gaura parviflora Dougl. M, Ws da, er, mw. Oenothera albicaulis Pursh. M, W; sg. Oenothera biennis L. M, Ws cb, iw. Oenothera caespitosa Nutt, M; Ws xh, se. Oenothera serrulata Nutt. M, W; sg. OROBANCHACEAE Orobanche fasciculata Nutt. M, W; sg. Orobanche ludoviciana Nutt. M; sg. PLANTAG INACEAE Plantago major L. Me Wis Ebi, cEpy) Twi Plantago patagonica Jacq. M, W; sg. POLEMON IACEAE Gilia congesta Hook. M, Wis (pig) Ehieeser Microsteris gracilis (Hook.) Greene. M, W; iw. Phlox hoodii Rich. M, We er cheese POLYGONACEAE Eriogonum annuum Nutt. Me idaneer. Eriogonum flavum Nutt. M, Ws gx pork Eriogonum multiceps Nees. M; We oe mneecor Polygonum amphibium L. Wiha, be Polygonum aviculare L. M; da. Polygonum coccineum Muhl. M; fm. Polygonum convolvulus L. M, W; da, rw. Polygonum lapathifolium L. M, W; rw. Polygonum ramosissimum Michx. M; da. Polygonum sawatchense Small. M; fp. Rumex crispus L. Me Wis ebign Epi clwe Rumex maritimus L. M, Ws Ep Rumex obtusifolius L. W; rw. Rumex triangulivalvis (Danser) Rech. M; fp. Rumex venosus Pursh, M; da. PRIMULACEAE Androsace occidentalis Pursh. M, W; gr, sg. Dodecatheon conjugens Greene. M, W Lysimachia ciliata L. W; iw, rw. RANUNCULACEAE Anemone cylindrica Gray. W; rw. Anemone multifida Poir. W; rw. Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt. M, W; rw. Delphinium bicolor Nutt. M, Wsa'se.. Ranunculus aquatilis L. W; aq. Ranunculus cymbalaria Pursh. M, W; cb. Ranunculus glaberrimus Hook. M, W; sg. Ranunculus macounii Britt. M, Ws cb, rw. Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch, & Ave-Lall. W; rw. ROSACEAE Crataegus columbiana How. W; da. Fragaria vesca L. W; rw. Fragaria virginiana Duch, W; rw. Geum canadensis Jacq. W; rw. Geum triflorum Pursh. MoeWist er, ) xh) Sot 1978 Brink & Mayer, A floristic survey h93 Potentilla arguta Pursh. Ms iw, ro. Potentilla norvegica L. Ms Ws) Eps, ws, cbs, so. Potentilla pennsylvanica L. M, W; rw. Prunus americana Marsh. W; da. Prunus virginiana L. M, W; iw, rw. Rosa woodsii Lindl. M, Wi iW, IW. RUBIACEAE Galium aparine L. M, W; rw. Galium boreale L. M, W; rw. SALICACEAE Populus deltoides Marsh. Mi Ws erw Salix amygdaloides Anderss. Mew Wistecbe ewe Salix exigua Nutt. M, Wei xb, rw. Salix lasiandra Benth. W; rb, rw. SANTALACEAE Comandra pallida DC. MWe ach ese. SAXIFRAGACEAE Ribes aureum Pursh. Ms; We eb rb we Ribes cereum Dougl. M5 Ws cbs pie Ribes setosum Lindl. M; Ws)elwe apilsesee SCROPHULARIACEAE Besseya wyomingensis (A. Nels.) Rydb. M, W; sg. Castilleja sessiliflora Pursh. M, W; sg. Collinsia parviflora Lindl. M, (Wee twa apijre Limosella aquatica L. M; aq, tp. Orthocarpus luteus Nutt. M, W; er. _ Penstemon albidus | Nutt. M, Ws ore Sk. Penstemon eriantherus Pursh. MA Wesisee Penstemon glaber Pursh. W; rw. Penstemon nitidus Dougl. MS Weepils 1Se- Verbascum thapsus lip W; da, rh. Veronica americana Schwein. Ws; cb. Veronica catenata Pennell. Ms tebis Veronica serpyllifolia L. W; rw. SOLANACEAE Hyoscyamus niger L. M; da. Physalis longifolia Nutt. M, W; iw, sg. Solanum rostratum Dunal. M; da, sg. Solanum triflorum Nutt, M; gr. ULMACEAE Ulmus parvifolia Jacq. W; mm. UMBELLIFERAE Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose. M, W; cb, fm. Conium maculatum L. M;) da: Cymopterus bipinnatus Wats. M3 sg. Musineon divaricatum (Pursh) Nutt. M, W; sg. Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC. W; rw. Pastinaca sativa L. M, W; fm, rw. URTICACEAE Parietaria pensylvanica Muhl. M, W; cb, iw, rw. Urtica dioica L. Ms eb, rw. holy PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 6 VERBENACEAE Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr. M; W;: da; ‘gr, “see Verbena hastata L. Warrbi VIOLACEAE Viola canadensis L. W; cb. Viola nuttallii Pursh. Mer or, ‘Sp MONOCOTYLEDONAE AGAVACEAE Yucca glauca Nutt. M, W; pj, sg. ALISMACEAE Alisma plantago-aquatica L. Wie rbas itp. Sagittaria cuneata Sheld. M, Ws cb’, irby. AMARYLLIDACEAE Allium textile Nels. & Macbr. Mo Wie ere Se COMMELINACEAE Tradescantia occidentalis (Britt.) Smyth. Ms serrsnise.. CYPERACEAE Carex atherodes Spreng. Me: eb, sims Carex filifolia Nutt. M, Ws! ets. pa,orheesre Carex nebrascensis Dewey. W; fm. Carex vulpinoidea Michx. W; rm. Eleocharis palustris (L.) R. & S. W; cb, rb. Scirpus americanus Pers. M: cb; £m: Scirpus olneyi Gray. M?. chs ofm: Scirpus validus Vahl. My Ws fms) bi GRAMINEAE Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. M, W; da, gr, rm, sg. Agropyron dasystachyum (Hook.) Scribn. M; da, rm. Agropyron elongatum Host. M; da, rm. Agropyron intermedium (Host) Beauv. M; da, rm. Agropyron smithii Rydb. M,. WS 20, -lW, etn, weer Agropyron spicatum (Pursh) Scribn. & Smith. Me Wiser, pj, rh. Agropyron trachycaulum (Link) Malte. M, W; da, rm. Agropyron trichophorum (Link) Richt. Ms das mime Agrostis alba L. Ws) cba Gwe Andropogon gerardi Vitman. W; iw. Andropogon hallii Hack. Ms ome Andropogon scoparius Michx. M, Ws fer, rh Aristida fendleriana Steud. M; Weepii., rhoosee Aristida longiseta Steud. M, W; rh, sg. Avena fatua L. W; da. Avena sativa L. W; da. Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fernald. M, W; fm, rw. Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. M, WiiersoEn. Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. M,oWieer,, see Bromus inermis Leyss. M, W; ws. Bromus japonicus Thunb. M, W; ws. Bromus tectorum L. M, W; ws. Calamovilfa longifolia (Hook.) Scribn. M, W3esry rh. Dactylis glomerata L. M, W; rb. 1978 Brink & Mayer, A floristic survey 95 Distichlis stricta (Torr.) Rydb. M3; gr, Sa. Echinochloa crusga crusgalli (L.) Beauv. Masebieerb Elymus canadensis L. Mee Wis Cbiy Set. Elymus cinereus Scribn, & Merr. M; cb, sg. Elymus macounii Vasey. Maida, oi Elymus triticoides Buckl. M; iw. Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Lutati. Mo sors Sse. Festuca octoflora Walt. M, We fr, se. Glyceria grandis S. Wats. M: (eb, Em. Glyceria striata (Lam.) A. S. Hitchc. W; cb. Hordeum caespitosum Scribn, M: cb, iw Hordeum jubatum L. M, W; ws. Hordeum pusillum Nutt. M; gr, Sa. Hordeum vulgare L. M, W; da. Koeleria cristata (L.) Pers. MM Ws ern. se. Muhlenbergia asperifolia (Nees & Mey.) Parodi MWe wi tp. Muhlenbergia cuspidata (Torr.) Rydb. is WIR Gees Gyea Munroa squarrosa (Nutt.) Torr. M, W; da. er, sp. Oryzopsis hymenoides (Roem. & Schult.) Ricker. M, W; gr, sg. Panicum capillare L. W; da. Panicum miliaceum L. M; rm. Phalaris arundinacea L. Manebr Phleum pratense L. W; rw. Poa arida Vasey. W; sg. Poa bulbosa L. W; da. Poa canbyi (Scribn.) Piper. We sz. Poa longiligula Scribn. & Will. M; sg. Poa palustris L. M; rw. Poa pratensis L. M; iw, sg. Poa secunda Presl. Ms Ws or, Se. Schedonnardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Trel. M, Wsicen. se. Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. M, W; da, m. Spartina pectinata Link. M; Ws) cbs rb. Sporobolus airoides (Torr.) Torr. Maser Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray. Mo Wee re enh. p7. Stipa comata Trin. & Rupr. MS Wis) Sr. SP. Stipa viridula Trin. M, W; gr, mm, sg. IRIDACEAE Sisyrinchium angustifolium Mill. M, W; iw. JUNCACEAE Juncus bufonius L. Ms) cb). Juncus longistylis Torr. M; iw. Juncus nodosus L. W; rb. Juncus torreyi Cov. M; iw. LEMNACEAE Lemna minor L. W; aq. LILIACEAE Asparagus officinalis L. M, W; iw, rw. Calochortus nuttallii Torr. M, W; sg. 496 Poy f,0.40:6 tk Vol. 38, no. 6 Disporum trachycarpum (Wats.) Benth. & Hook. W; rw. Leucocrinum montanum Nutt. Ms WePienesa. Smilacina stellata (L.) Desf. Mo Wiss cw. Smilax herbacea L. W; rw. Zigadenus venenosus Wats. M, W; gr, pj, sg. POTAMOGETONACEAE Potamogeton foliosus Raf, Mead Ep. Potamogeton nodosus Poir. M; aq, tp. Potamogeton pectinatus L. M; aq, tp. Potamogeton richardsonii (Bennett) Rydb. M; aq, tp. TYPHACEAE Typha latifolia L. M, W; fm. ZANNICHELLIACEAE Zannichellia palustris L. M; aq, tp. LITERATURE CITED Becker, C. F. and J. D. Alyea. 1964a. Temperature probabilities in Wyoming. Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 415, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming. 157 pp. Becker, C. F. and J. D. Alyea. 1964b. Precipitation probabilities in Wyoming. Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 416, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming. 97 pp. Booth, W. E. and J. C. Wright. 1966. Flora of Montana. Part II. Montana State College, Bozeman, Montana. 305 pp. Hahn, B. E. 1973. Flora of Montana conifers and monocots. Montana State College, Bozeman, Montana. 124 pp. Harrington, H. D. 1964. Manual of the plants of Colorado. Sage Books, Chicago, Illinois. 666 pp. Hitchcock, A. S. and A. Chase. 1950. Manual of the grasses of the United States. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication No. 200, second revised edition. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1051 pp. Hitchcock, C. L., A. Cronquist, M. Ownbey, and J. W. Thompson. 1955-1969. Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest. Parts 1-5. University of Washington Press, Seattle, Washington. 2978 pp. Holmgren, P. K. and W. Keuken. 1974. Index herbariorum. Part l. The herbaria of the world. Ed. 6. Utrecht, Netherlands. 397 pp. 1978 Brink & Mayer, A floristic survey 97 Munz, P. A. and D. D. Keck. 1959. A California flora. University of California Press, Berkeley, California. 1681 pp. U.S. Geological Survey and Montana Department of State Lands. 1977. Final environmental impact statement, proposed plan of mining and reclamation, East Decker and North Extension Mines, Decker Coal Co., Big Horn Co., Montana. Vol. 1. 871 pp. NOTES ON NEW AND NOTEWORTHY PLANTS. CIX Harold N. Moldenke GLOSSOCARYA SCANDENS f. PUBESCENS (Moldenke) Moldenke, stat. nov. Glossocarya scandens var. pubescens Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 437—h38. 1977. LANTANA CHIAPASENSIS var. PARVIFOLIA Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei foliis parvioribus 1--2.5 em. longis 0.5--1.5 cm. latis recedit. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in its very much smaller mature leaves which are subsessile or very shortly petiolate, 1—2.5 cm. long and 0.5--1.5 cm. wide. The type of the variety was collected by Robert M. Laughlin (no. 7) at 7300 feet altitude at Cerro San Cristébal las Casas, in the Cerro San Cristébal, Municipio de San Cristébal las Cas- as, Chiapas, Mexico, on February 16, 1966, and is deposited in the Lundell Herbarium at the University of Texas, Austin. LANTANA HORRIDA f. LATIBRACTEATA Moldenke, f. nov. Haec forma a forma typica speciei recedit bracteis involu- crantibus permagnis variabilibus usque ad 1 em. longis 6 mn. latis obovato-spathulatis. This form differs from the typical form of the species in having the involucral bracts much larger, very conspicuous, quite variable in size, the outermost (lowermost) mostly broad- ly obovate-spatulate, to 1 cm. long and 6 mm. wide, apically a- cute or short~-acuminate, and basally attenuate. The type of the form was collected by Santiago Alvarez, Pablo Guajardo, Jorge Salazar, and William L. McCart (no. 7782) in very loose light-tan sand on Farm Road 6,9 eleven miles north of Guerra, Jim Hogg County, Texas, and is deposited in the Lundell Herbarium at the University of Texas, Austin. xPHYLA INTERMEDIA Moldenke, hybr. nov. Planta probabiliter hybrida inter "P. lanceolata (Michx.) Greene" et "P. nodiflora (L.) Greene" foliis intermediis laminis plusminusve oblanceolatis 3-5 cm. longis 1—-1.8 cm. latis api- caliter subacutis vel obtusis basaliter longe attenuatis margine argute serratis, Probably a natural hybrid between P. lanceolata (Michx.) Greene and P. nodiflora (L.) Greene with intermediate leaf char- acters, the blades more or less oblanceolate, usually 3—5 cm. long and 1--1.8 cm. wide, apically acute or subacute to obtuse, basally long-attemuate into the distinct petiole, the marginal teeth from the widest part to the apex sharply triangular and ascending or slightly spreading. The type of this supposed hybrid was collected by Robert Run- 498 1978 Moldenke, New & noteworthy plants 99 yon (no. 1159) at Hot Springs, Garland County, Arkansas, in June of 1928 and is deposited in the herbarium of the University of Texas at Austin. The hybrid is known also from numerous collec- tions in Louisiana and is to be expected in other areas where the ranges of the two supposed parental species overlap. TETRACLEA COULTERI var. SUBINCLUSA (I. M. Johnst.) Moldenke, stat. nov. Tetraclea subinclusa I. M. Johnst., Journ. Arnold Arb. 31: 192--193. 1950. VERBENA EHRENBERGIANA var. RICHARDSONII Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei recedit laminis foliorum tenuissime membranaceis fragilibus in adumbratio obtusioribus basaliter non hastato-lobatis. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its leaf-blades very thinly membranous and fragile, more obtuse in outline, and not basally hastate-lobed. The type of the variety was collected by Alfred Richardson (no. 1234) -—- in whose honor it is named -- in the census area near the Rancho del Cielo in the Gomez Farias area of Tamaulipas, Mexico, on May 29, 1969, and is deposited in the Lundell Herbar- ium at the University of Texas, Austin. LANTANA HORRIDA H.B.K. Recent examination of the Humboldt & Bonpland type of this species at Paris reveals that it represents what has been regarded over the past few years as L. scorta Moldenke. Material from Texas and Mexico now passing as L. scorta actually is L. horrida, while that passing now as L. horrida must take on another name, probably either L. rubra Berland. or L. urticoides Hayek. BOOK REVIEWS Alma L. Moldenke "PLAGUES AND PEOPLE" by William H. McNeill, xii & 30 pp., 1 b/w map as illus. Anchor Press Reprint of Doubleday & Company, New York, N. Y. 10017 or Garden City, N. Y. 11530. 1977. $3.50 paperbound. This book shows the effects of the peregrinations of infectious and contagious diseases on human demography, history and economics the world over and from earliest recorded times onward. Smallpox, typhus, cholera, bubonic plague, yellow fever, dengue, malaria, influenza, tuberculosis and poliomyelitis have their paths traced with people movements by ship, camel or horse caravans, etc. Initiates suffered in great numbers until each disease "burnt itself out" as survivors acquired immunoglobulins. This book makes interesting and important documented reading, but this edition has such minimal margins on the bound side that two hands are needed to hold it open and the print from one side is almost touching the opposite page. "RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN NITROGEN FIXATION" edited by W. Newton, J. R. Postgate & C. Rodriguez Barrueco, xxiv & 622 pp., 83 fig. & 87 tab. as b/w illus., Academic Press Ltd., New York, San Francisco & London NW1 7DX. 1977. $21.25 or £16.00. This book consists of 37 technical papers and an introduction explaining "that most of the nitrogen incorporated in the vast quantities of proteins and other compounds in the biosphere was originally fixed by a bacterium or blue-green alga...equalizing photosynthesis in importance", with the fixation driven by solar energy at normal temperatures. This biofixation and the very ex- pensive agri-industrial fixation are essential for crops and livestock to feed the world's increasing numbers of people and for forests to meet lumber needs. Some of the topics presented are: chemistry of No, mechanisms, physiological aspects, and chemical pathways of No fixation, nitrogenase and genetic control. Besides the all-important Rhizobium-legume symbioses (Rosales), other actinomycetal root-nodule No-fixing endophytes have been identified in the Casuarinales, Fagales, Rhamnales and Coriariales, as well as Spirillum on some tropical grasses, and Anabaena in air spaces in floating Azolla in wet rice fields. Now this information is available to a much larger reading audience than just the near hundred people who heard these papers at the Second International Symposium on Nitrogen Fixation convened in Salamanca, Spain, in September 1976. 500 1978 Moldenke, Book reviews 501 "WARINE MICROBIOLOGY" Benchmark Papers in Microbiology, Volume II edited by Carol D. Litchfield, xvii & 517 pp., 179 fig. & 10, tab. as b/w illus., Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross Inc., Stroudsburg, Pa., 18360. Distributed exclusively by Halsted Press of John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N. Y. 10016. 1976. $38.00. This treatise will prove a great boon to practicing marine mic- robiologists, especially those off in some coastal laboratory, study ship, or some zone of Neptune's realm distant from ample library facilities because it incorporates 5 papers in English from a wide variety of pertinent books and journals. These are topically arranged with the editor commenting on each group. Parts I and II survey the 19th century work, Part III develops "investi- gations into the structural and physiological nature of marine bacteria". Parts IV through VI deal "with the area in which we can most expect major discoveries in the immediate future" as vitamin Bio active substances, nitrifying bacteria, Corallum bacteria, and marine bacterioplankton as a food source. Part VII surveys "the distributions of various types of microbes in the sea — fungi, yeasts, bacteria and viruses". The editor closes her preface with a highly commendable wish: "Marine microbiology, like the oceans we study, touches all conti- nents and is truly an international endeavor. It is hoped that this book will further this spirit of cooperation and friendship as we continue our quest for an understanding of the microorganisms of the seas". "FLORA OF CYPRUS" Volume One by R. D. Meikle, xii & 832 pp., 1 color frontispiece and 51 b/w plates as illus., Bentham-Moxon Trust, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, England. 1977. £20.00 & postage 90 p. This meticulously prepared descriptive (native and naturalized) flora covers 50 families a la Bentham & Hooker expediently follow- ing the Kew herbarium from the Pinaceae through the Rubiaceae and Theligonaceae. There are well constructed generic, specific and infraspecific keys leading to detailed descriptions. Habitat, collection and distribution records are given. The introduction describes the island, its botanical subdivisions and the history of botanical explorations agriculturally from the time of Homer and scientifically since 1787 by Sibthorpe. The plates show many- parted fine line drawings We eagerly await the next volume with its treatment of groups closer to our own interests. "HOMEOSTASIS: Origins of the Concept" edited by L. L. Langley, xi & 362 pp., hl figs. & 61 tabs. as b/w illus., Dowden, Hutchin- son & Ross, Inc., Stroudsburg, Pa. 18360, Distributed exclus- 502 PEE or L ea ek Vol. 38, no. 6 ively by Halsted Press of John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N. Y. 10016. 1973. $20.00. This work is presented as the first volume in the Benchmark Papers in Human Physiology with the expressed and herein well achieved goal of “representing the landmark developments within the particular subject area of the series". The 22 papers date from 1775 for Blagden, through six translations of Claude Bernard's studies of the 1850s and 5 of Cannon's studies in the 1920s, to the 1960s with Benzinger's "The Thermal Homeostasis of Man" and Machin's "Feedback Theory and its Application to Biological Systems". These choices give an excellent historical background, all within a con- venient single bookbinding, for the more detailed work of today. "TOXIC AND HALLUCINOGENIC MUSHROOM POISONING — A Handbook for Physicians and Mushroom Hunters" by Gary Lincoff & D. H. Mitchel, M. D., xi & 267 pp., 8 color plates, 57 b/w fig. & 19 tab. as illus., Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., Atlanta, Dal- las, San Francisco, London, Toronto and New York, N. Y. 10001. 1977. $16.95. This helpful book makes available in popular, scientifically accurate form the modern research reported in diverse specialized journals on mushroom toxins (cyclopeptide, monomethylhydrazine, coprine, muscarine, muscimol, psilocin, gastrointestinal irritants with often more than one per species). Mushrooms are grouped ac- cording to these properties, including some "look alikes" to edible forms and some toxic forms previously considered edible. Case histories, symptoms, diagnoses and treatments are given to alert the growing number of mycophagists, the academic collectors, the hospital techniciams and the physicians who are "called upon when mistakes have been made". "ADVANCES IN BOTANICAL RESEARCH" Volume 5 edited by H. W. Wool- house, xi & 240 pp., 8h fig. & 11 tab. as b/w illus., Academic Press, San Francisco, New York 10003 & London NW1l 7DX. 1977. $19.25 or £9.80. Contiming this fine series are four important papers in this volume on fluorescence of photosynthetic systems at Te receptors for plant hormones, plant cell wall synthesis, and the evolution of vascular land plants in relation to supracellular transport processes , which is a particularly interesting presentations Index to Authors in Volume Thirty-eight Allam, M. A., 267, 280 Anderson, L. C., 309 Badawi, A. A., 267, 280 Beetle, A. A., 173 Brink, D., 183 Brussell, D., 69 Croat, T. B., 13 Cuatrecasas, J., 7 Degener, I., 321, 361 Degener, 0., 321, 361 Dwyer, J. D., 215 El-Gazzar, A., 267, 280 Glassman, S. F., 66, 161 Golding, J., 216 Guam4n Mejia, R., 177 Hall, J. S., 369 Hummel, K., 361 King, Be Mo, 99, 106, 323, 117, 2 Lackey, J. A., 229 MacRoberts, D. T., 227 Maguire, B., 203 Maxwell, Ee H., 51 Mayer, L. M., 83 Moldenke, A. L., 69, 155, 222, 359, 429, 500 Moldenke, H. N., 23, 118, 178, 230, 307, 384, 385, Li7h, 198 Read, R. W., 135 Robinson, H., 99, 106, 19, 323, 356, 411, 413, 415, 417, heh St. John, H., 1, 75, 225, 07 Seymour, F. C., 369 Smith, L. B., 135 Steyermark, J. A., 217 Turner, B. L., 455 Ward, D. B., 151, 365 Whistler, W. A., 09 Wunderlin, R. P., 219 Wurdack, J. J., 287 Zanoni, T. A., 433 Index to Supraspecific Scientific Names in Volume Thirty-eight Abutilon, 5 Acacia, 391 Acantholippia, 251, 253, 259, 260, 261, 263 Acer, 183, 187 Aceraceae, 1,87 Achillea, 1,88 Achyranthes, Acourtia, 55-168 Acritopappus, 99, 100, 103, 105 Acrostichum, 2 Adiantum, 160 Aechmea, 140, 148 Aegiphila, 256 Agavaceae, 19) Ageratina, 323-339, 31-355 Ageratum, 99, 100, 103 Agonis, 397 Agoseris, ),88 Agrobacterium, 258 Agropyron, 185, 9h Agrostis, 9) Aira, 17h Aizoaceae, 199 Aletris, 365-368 Aleurites, 361-36) Alisma, 9) Alismaceae, 1,9) Allium, 9) Allocarpus, 11, 12 Alloispermum, 11, 12 Aloysia, 251-253, 256, 258-263, 395, 398, 399, 05, h77, 482 Alphitonia, 9h Alternanthera, Alyssum, 1,90 Amaranthaceae, , 1,87 Amaranthus, ),87 Amaryllidaceae, )9) Amblyarrhena, 287-29, 296-298 Ambrosia, },88 503 504 Amphoradenium, 3 Anabaena, 500 Anacardiaceae, 1,87 Anagallis, 131 Anandrogyne, 207, 211 Andinia, 32h, 331, 332 Andropogon, 9) Androsace, },92 Anemone, 92 Anguria, 219 Antennaria, 4,88 Apocynaceae, ),87 Apocymm, 187 Apoda, 325 Arabis, 90 Araeococcus, 139, 10, 118 Araliaceae, 5 Arcenthos, 35 Arceuthos, 43h Arctium, },88 Arenaria, 87 Aristida, 9h Armoracia, 90 Arnica, 1,88 Arrhenatherum, 173 Artemisia, 320, 322, lS, 488 Arundinaria, 173 Arundo, 17h Asclepiadaceae, 10, 87 Asclepias, )87 Asparagus, )95 Asperugo, 1,87 Aspidiaceae, 3, 186 Aspleniaceae, 3 Asplenium, 3, 322 Astelia, h Aster, 188 Asteraceae, 99, 106, 149, 309, 320, 323, 397, SHO, 3505 91s 411, 413-417, 42h, 426, 455, 456, 68 Astereae, 320 Astragalus, 85, 91 Athyrium, 3 Atriplex, 320, 188 Attalea, 161-16, 167-171 PET? oLeet & Vol. 38, no. 6 Avena, 176, 49k Avicenniaceae, 230, 256-257 Axiliflorae, 255 Axilliflorae, 253, 25) Ayensua, 137 Azolla, 500 Baccharis, 309, 320 Bacopa, 05 Bactris, 10, 148 Bahia, ),88 Balsamorhiza, 88 Bambusa, 174 Bartlettina, 106-117 Bassia, 18, 88 Beckmannia, "hol Begonia, Begonia, 156, 216 Bertolonia, 1L0, 148, 253, 256 Besseya, Reesesaaies Bidens, 6, 88 Billbergia, 140, 148 Blechnaceae, 3 Bolbitis, 131 Boraginaceae, Boronia, 397 Bouteloua, 49k Brickellia, 100 Brocchinia, 189 Bromeliaceae, 135, 137, 139, 1)1-1)3, 1S-1h7 Bromelioideae, 135, 139, 10 Broms, 485, 9k Broussonetia, 322 Buceras, 373 Buchenavia, 370, 372 Bucida, 370, 372-37h Buddleja, 259 Buddlejaceae, 259 Burmannia, 131 Byrsonima, 120, 198 Cacoucia, 378 Cactaceae, 87 Caesalpinia, 391 Calamagrostis, 12 Calamovilfa, 9) Calea, 100, 10h, 412-13 Calochortus, Lge Calydermos, Liy, iz 4,87 1978 Camelina, 90 Campanula, 487 Campanulaceae, 98, 187 Camptosema, 60, 61 Campuloclinium, 26 Ca adacene, h, 487 Ca Ea itettacons, 487 Caragana, 1,91 Carduaceae, 256 Carex, 322, 9h ae 4,35 Caryo phyliaceae, 4,87 Castilleja, 93 Casuarinales, 500 Cayaponia, 2 220 Celtis, 390 Cerastium, 487 Ceratoides, 188 Cercospora, 258 Chaenactis, 1,88 Charpentiera, h Cheirodendron, 5 Chenopodiaceae, h, },88 Chenopodium, ], 185, 488 chorispors, 90 Chrysopsis, },88 Chrysothammus, 309-320, 185,188 Sratylia, 52, 53, 58, 60, 61 Chuncoa, 375, 376 Cibotiun, 3 Cichorium, 159 Cicuta, 193 Cirsium, )88 Citharexylum, 256, 260, 261, 36h Citrus, 397 Cladocarpa, 07 Clematis, 1,92 Cleobulia, 51-63, 65 Cleome, )87 Clermontia, 6, 76 Clerodendrum, 178 Clidemia, 287, 299, 300 Clusia, 203-213 Clusiaceae, 203 Cochlospermaceae, 161, 163 Cochlospermum, 169 Index Cocos, 168 Coleus, 396 Collinsia, },93 Comandra, 1,93 505 Combretaceae, 369, 371, 373, 375, 37753795. 3815, 383 Combretum, 370, 377-382 Commelinaceae, 199, ho Comelynaceas, 133 Compositae, 6, 7, 102, 103, 150, 203, 320, 339, 26, 468, 485,488 Conium, 93 Conocarpus, 370, 371 Conostegia, 287 Conringia, 90 Convolvulaceae, 5, 1,89 Convolvulus, 189 Conyza, 1,88 Coprosma, 6 Corallum, 501 Coriariales, 500 Corimbosae, 255 Cornaceae, 1,90 Cornus, 190 Corymbosae, 253, 25h Coussarea, 218 Crataegus, 492 Crepis, 88, 89 Cristatella, Peas Cruciferae, },90 Cryptantha, 1,87 Cryptanthera, 161, 163 Cryptantins, 140, "18 toc. » 256 2 aSS 361 Cucurbitaceae, 219, 407, 408, 90 Cupressaceae, 33, Sh, 186 Cupressus, 0, h2 Guratelia, 120, 198 Cuscuta, 5 Cyclanthera, 219, 220 Cyclosorus, 3 Cylindrosporium, 258 Cymbopogon, 397 Cymopterus, 1,93 Cynoglossum, ),87 506 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 38, no. 6 Cyperaceae, , 133, 182, 183, oh Cyperus, ee 3, 486 Dactylis, 17h, 19h Delphinium, 1,92 Deschampsia, 17) Descurainia, 90 Dicksoniaceae, 3 Dicrastylidaceae, Diellia, 3 Dioclea, 51-53, 56, 62, 63, 65 Diocleae, 51, 52 Diocleinae, ai 53, 61 Tioicolippia, 256 Dioscora, 153 Dioscorea, 151-15h Dioscoreaceae, 151, 153 Dipterocaly, 230, 255 Dipterocalyx, 230, 253, 25h Disporum, 196 Distichlis, 185, 95 Dodecatheon, },92 Dodonaea, 5 Dolichos, 58, 60, 61, 229 Doodia, 3 Doryopteris es Draba, 190 Dracaena, 322 Drosera, 120 Dulacia, 217, 218 Dupatya, 28, 29. 35, oe 43, 46, 118, 12h, 126, 129, 13h, 180, 185, 190, 191 Dyckia, 137, 138, 145, 146 Echinacea, 189 Echinochloa, 95 Echinocystis, 490 Echinolaena, "185 Elaeagnaceae, 90 Elaeagnus, 190 Eleocharis, hoh Ellisia, 190 Elodea, 199 Elyms, 1,95 Englerophoenix, 161, 163-165, 169 Epacridaceae, 5 Epilobium, 1,91 Equisetaceae, 186 Equisetum, 169-173, 486 Eragrostis, 495 Ericaceae, 5, 98 Erigeron, "189 Eriocaulaceae, 23, 25, 27, 29, . 31, 33, 35, 37, 39 chil, Ho, BS, 7, 9, 128, 119, 121, 123, £26) 1273 129, L3Es 133, 178, 179, 181, 183, 185, 187, 189, nese 193, 195=197; 1995 aun, Eriocaulon, 23, 26, 39, hO, 6, 7, 116, 120, 126, 129, 131, 132, 180, 183, 186, 190, 191, 193, 197 Eriocavlon, 118, 197 Eriogonum, 92 Eriostemon, 397 Erysimum, 1,90 Erysiphe, 258 Erythrina, ) Espeletia, 7, 10, 12, 15, 17, 20 Euchlaena, 177 Budioclea, 52 Eugenia, 5, 10 Eulepis, 50 Eumaximiliana, 161, 163 Eupatorieae, 99, 101-103, 105, ae 115, 323, 340, 417, 42h, Eupatorium, 107, 110-115, 19, 32h, 326, 329, 3355: 339 aae, 33-39, 351, 352, 25-27 Euperezia, 68 Euphorbia, 90 Euphorbiaceae, 361, 90 Exanthera, 161, 163 Exocarpus mae" Fabaceae, 6s Fagales, 500 1978 Index 507 Ferdinanda, 12 Holcus, 17) Festuca, },95 Hordeum, 185, 195 Fimbristylis, 120, 198 Hoya, 10 Fleischmannia, }17-),23 Fragaria, },92 Fraxims, 83, 191 Fusidium, 258 Gaillardia, },89 Galinsoga, 11 Galium, 193 Gaura, 379, 491, h92 Geonoma, 11,0, 118 Geraniaceae, 5 Geranium, 5, 322 Geum, 192 Gilia, 92 Gimbernatea, 375, 376 Gliricidia, 391 Glossocarya, },98 Glyceria, 735 Glycine, 229 Glycyrrhiza, 91 Goniolippia, 253 Goniostac » 253-255 Gonostachyum, 253 Gossypium, 5, 280 Gramineae, , 177, oh Grammitis, 3 Grindelia, 1,89 Guazuma, 371 Gutierrezia, ),89 Guzmania, 139, 17 ospermae, 1,50 Hackelia, 1,87 Halorhagidaceae, 199 Haplo 8, 309, 489 Hebecliniun, Hedeoma, 1,90 Hedyotis, 6 Heliamphora, 189 Heliantheae, 411, 23, 415, 116 Helianthus, 85, 1189 Heliotropium, 322, 393 Heracleum, 397 Hesperis, 1,90 Hippia, 230, 256 Hudsonia, 372 Hydrophyllaceae, },909 Hymenopappus, )89 Hymenophyllaceae, 3 Hyoscyamus, ),93 Hyphydra, 193, 197 Hyptis, 199, 259, 05 Dex, 322 Inaya, 161, 163 Inayay, 161, 162 Indigofera, 393 Ipomoea, 391 Iridaceae, 95 Iva, 189 Jacquemontia, 5 Jaliscoa, 32) Jaumea, 111 Juncaceae, }95 Juncus, 195 Juniperus, 433-45, 485, 186 Kalmia, 359 isteeingialla, 225 Kingianthus, 15, 116 Koanophyllon, 26 Kochia, 1,88 Koeleria, )95 Kuhnia, ),89 Labiatae, 6, 05, l90 Lactuca, 1,89 Laguncularia, 370 Lamiaceae, 259 Lamprococcus, 10 Lantana, 252, 256, 259-263, 386,. 387, 391-395, 398, 05, 175, 479, 480, 81, 198, 99 Lantaneae, 256 Lappula, 1,87 Leandra, 287, 303 Leguminosae, , 51, 65, 229, 91 Leiothrix, 30, 31 Lemaireocereus, 391 Lemna, 95 Lemnaceae, 1,95 Lepidium, ),90 508 PHY TO LyO;0 TA Vol. 38, no. 6 Meliola, 258, 259 Yeloidogyne, 258 Melothria, 220, 221 Mentha, Mentha, 390, 190 lentzelia, 491 Mertensia, 1,87 Messerschmidia, 322 Metrosideros, 5, 9h Megoneuron, ) Miconia, 287-299 Microlepia, 3 Microseris, 89, 92 Microsorium, ins Microstylis, 09 Lesquerella, 490 Leucocrinum, 96 [iatris, 109 Liliaceae, h, 365, 95 Limosella, 93 Linaceae, 91 Linun, 280, hol Lipea, 230 Lipia, 230, 259 Livochaeta, 6 Lippia, 230, 231, 233, 235, 237, 239, 2h1, 243, 245, 2h7, 29, 251, 253-255, 257-259, 261, 263-266, 385-106, 7-182 Lippica, 230 Lippidia, 230 Lithospermun, 1,87 Litsea, 397 Loasaceae, 91 Lobeliaceae, 6, 98 Lodoicea, 361 Lomariopsidaceae, 31 Lotus, 322 Ludwigia, 5 Lupims, 91 Luzula, 322 Lycopodiaceae, 2 Lycopodium, 2 2 Lycopus, 1,90 Lygodesmia, 2, 89 Lysimachia, 192 Machaeranthera, 189 Macrocarpon, 53 Macrotyloma, 229 Macvaughiella, 323 Malaxis, 09 Malva, )91 Wal vaceae, 491 Wammillaria, 487 Marattia, ri 2 Marattiacese, 2 Markleya, 162 Mauritia, 120, 198 Maximiliana, 161-171 Maximilianea, 161, 163, 169 Medicago, 91 Melilotus, )91 Mikania, LOS, 426 Mirabilis, 491 Miscanthus, 175 Molinia, 175 Monactis, 415, 416 Monarda, 4.90 Mono Monolepis, 488 Muhlenbergia, 195 Multiflorae, 211 Munroa, L95 Musineon, ),93 Mutia, 127, 128 Mutisieae, 455, 456, 68 Mycovellosiella, 259 Myoporaceae, Myoporun, pecauis, 87 Myrobalanus, Abe 375 inaceae, Myrsine, 5, 9h Myrtaceae, 5, 259, 110 Nassauviinae, 56, 1468 Nauseosi, 309 Neocabreria, )2)-)28 Neogreenella, 326, 33h-339 Neoshinneria, 156 Nepeta, 0h, 90 sane 121 Neurophyllodes, 322 a ae 491 Nyctanthaceae, 257 Ocimum, 397 Oenocar » 168 Oenothera, 92 1978 Oleaceae, }91 Onagraceae, 5, 191 Onobrychis, 91 Onosmodium, 197 Oplismenus, 175 Opuntia, 485, 87 Orbignya, 161, 162, 168, 171 Orchidaceae, 09 Origamum, 396 Orobanchaceae, 1,92 Orobanche, },92 Orthocarpus, }93 Oryzopsis, 95 Osmorhiza, 93 Ossaea, 301-303 Osteomeles, Ovodia, 397 Oxycedrus, 35 Oxylobinae, 323, 32h Oxylobus, 323, 32) Oxymeris, 287 Oxytropis, 91 Pachythamnus, 32) Paepalanthus, 23-25, 28, 29, 32, 33, 35-39, Wl, L3, L5-N8, 50, ages. 221126, 127, 129, 133, 13h, 180, 183, 185, 186, 188, 190-192, 199 Paepalantuhs, 123 Palmae, 67, 171, 172 Paniculatae, 253-255 Panicum, 120, 95 Panniculatae, 25) Panope, 253, 256 Papilionaceae, 65, 229 Papilionoideae, 229 Parascheelea, 162, 168 Parietaria, 193 Paronychia, }87 Paspalum, 185 Pastinaca, ),93 Paullinia, 73, 7h Pellaea, 3 Penstemon, },93 Perezia, 56, 460-65, 467, 68 Perimenium, }12 Index Petalostemon, 191 Phacelia, 190 Phalaris, 175, 1495 Phanerogamae, Phaseoleae, 51, 53, 65 Phebalium, 397 Philodice, 50 Phieum, 195 Phiox, 1,92 Phomopsis, 258 Phrymeae, 256 Phyla, 251-253, 256-263, 392, 39h, 398, 98 Phyllostachys, 175, 176 Phyllostegia, 6 Physalis, 1,93 Physaria, 190 Physostelma, 1,10 Phytolacca, Phytolaccaceae, Piarimula, 253, 256 Pinaceae, 87, 501 Pinus, 390, 85, 487 Piptothrix, 32) Pipturus, Pitcairnia, 135, 136, 1h0-1hh Pitcairnioideae, 135, 10 Pittosporaceae, 98 Pittosporum, 75-98 Pityrogramma, 2 Plagiocheilus, 257 Plantaginaceae, 6, 192 Plantago, 6, 322, 92 Platonia, 253, 256 Platylobium, 53 Pleomele, 322 Pneumatopteris, 3 Poa, 485, 9 Podachaenium, 113 Poivrea, 382 Polanisia, },87 Polemoniaceae, 92 Polygonaceae, h, 92 Felgen 102 Polypodiaceae, 3 509 510 PHY? 02 O@re Polypodium, 3 Populus, 183, 93 Potamogeton, 96 Potamogetonaceae, 1,96 Potentilla, )93 Primlaceae, },92 Priva, 256 Prospodium Prunella, 90 Prumus, 193 Psacalium, 356-358 Pseudoaloysia, 255 Psiguria, 219 Psilotaceae, 2 Psilotum, 2 Psoralea, 91 Psychotria, 225, 226 Pteridaceae, 3 Pteridium, » 479 Pteridophyta, 2 Pteris, 3 Puccinia, 258, 77 Puya, 110 Quercus, 390 Quisqualis, 370, 372 Railliardia, 6 Ramunculaceae, )92 Ranunculus, 322, 192 Ratibida, 89 Retinostemon, 20) Rhamnales, 500 Rhizaeris, 370 Rhizobium, 500 Rhodolippia, 253-255 Rhus, 1,87 Ribes, 493 Rorip a, 90 Rosa, 93 Rosaceae, h, 92 Rosales, 500 Rubiaceae, 6, 215, 225, 1,93,501 Rubus, L, 322 Rumex, h, 322, 92 Sabal, 390 Sabazia, 412 Sabina, "433-152 ¢ 298, 395, Lith, Lite Vol. 38, no. 6 Sabinia, 3) Saccharum, 393 Sagittaria, 9) Salicaceae, 93 Salix, 93 Salsola, 88 Salvia, 390, 397 Santalaceae, , 193 Santalum, 9) Sapindaceae, 5, 73 Sarcobatus, 188 Saxifragaceae, 193 Scaevola, 76 Schedonnardus, 495 Scheelea, 161, 162, 16h, 167, 168, 170, yal Scherya, 99-102, 104, 105 Schousboa, 370 Schousbuea, 378 Scirpus, h, 9) Sclerotium, 258 Scrophulariaceae, 193 Scutellaria, 90 Selaginella, 2 Selaginellaceae, 2 Senecio, 356, 189 Senecioneae, 356, 357 Setaria, L95 Shepherdia, 90 Sicyocarpa, O07 Sicyoc » 407, 408 Sicyos, 07 Sida, 5 Silene, 487 Sisymbrium, },90 Sisyrinchium, 95 Smilacina, 96 Smilax, 322, )96 Solanaceae, 6, 193 Solanum, 6, 322, 93 Solidago, 85, 489 Sophora, Spanio 8, 32) Spartina, 176, 95 Spermolepis, 5 Sphaceloma, 258, 259 Sphaeralcea, 91 1978 Sphaerella, 258 Sphaerocionium, 3 Sphagnum, 131 Sphenomeris, 3 Spirillum, 500 Sporobolus, , 195 Stachys, 190 Stachytarpheta, 256 Standleyanthus, 32h Stegolepis, 189 Stenogyne, 6 Stephanomeria, 1,89 Stevia, 323 Stilbaceae, 257 Stipa, 185, 95 Straussia, 225, 226 Streptocalyx, 10 Styphelia, 5 Suaeda, 85, 188 Svngonanthus, 187 Syagrus, 66-68, 168 Symphoremaceae, 257 Symphoricarpos, 187 Symphyopappus, 25, 26 Syngonanthus, 23-50, 118, 120, aye Syngonnanthus, 180 Syzygium, 1,10 Tagetes, 397 Tanacetum, )89 Taraxacum, 1,89 Tephrosia, 393 Teramnus, 398 Terminalia, 370-377, 379, 382 Tetrachyron, )13 Tetraclea, 199 Thalictrum, 1,92 Theligonaceae, 501 Thelypteridaceae, 3 Thlaspi, }90 Thuiaecarpus, 3h Thymeliaceae, 5 Thysanocephalus, 31 Tillandsioideae, 135, 138 Tonina, 193, 196-199, 202 Toninia, 196 Index su Tonnina, 193, 197 Topobea, 303-307 Touinia, 193, 196 Tournefortia, 390 Tovomitopsis, 21) Townsendia, 189 Toxicodendron, 87 Trachypogon, 120, 185, 198 Tradescantia, 227, 228, ok Tragopogon, }89 Tridax, 112 Trifolium, 91 Triodanis, 187 Triplandron, 205 Trisetum, 176 Triticum, 267-271, 273, 275-277,. 279-281, 285 Typha, 96 Typhaceae, 196 Ulmaceae, 1,93 Ulmus, 193 Umbelliferae, 5, 193 Urtica, 93 Urticaceae, , 410, 93 Ustilago, 13h 121, 123-127, 129-13h, 176-193, eee 120 accinieae, 98 Vaccinium, 5 Vandenboschia, 3 Verbascum, 1,93 Verbena, 259, 386, 392, 39h, 395, eet 402, 405, 478, 479, hob, 29 Verbenaceae, 230, 39h, 430, Lok Verbenoideae, 256, 130 Vernonia, 19, 150 Veronica, 1,93 Vicia, 322, ho2 Viguiera, 13 Viola, 322, hok Violaceae, )9); Vitex, 178, 307 Vriesea, 138 Waltheria, 398 Wikstroemia, 5 Woodsia, 86 Wurdackia, 202 512 PHY TOLGOG LA Vol. 38, no. 6 Xanthium, },89 Zapania, 230, 253, 25h, 256, Xyridaceae, 182 392, 395, Ol, ho2, hos Yucca, 49h Zappania, 253, 256, 395, 01, 02 Zaluziana, 12, 15, 416 Zea, 176, 177 Zanichellia, 96 Zemisne, 2 Zanichelliaceae, 96 Zigadenus, 196 Zanthoxylum, Zipania, 230, 255 Zapamia, 230, 253, 255 Zostera, 160 Publication dates Vol. 37, No. k —— October 22, 1977 Vol. 37, No. 5 —— November 6, 1977 Vol. 38, No. 1 — December 3, 1977 Vol. 38, No. 2 — December 23, 1977 Vol. 38, No. 3 — January 25, 1978 Vol. 38, No. — February 18, 1978 Announcement to librarians A supplementary series, PHYTOLOGIA MEMOIRS, is planned to be initiated later in 1978 or in 1979. 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