Wve t ee fs te Ge . , ny A ae egy Ve uP ten a, aes fy fon eae ess sce Antennas pee . } 4 2 , a ee ee : ie x yee) iN IEDE a as bt sh Hi ; : Bae! any & : od rf wi 7) on a ies + Ai pot Re tH } PURSE nad hala 8 A i As ", ” fre if t ‘fs AAG Ways a hh Hy bY ie we r : MI ‘ AEE ‘ 2a Ks ~ y < fs oy a | Rial orn 7 i ee ‘ - a ee ; P Py eh een vaio (re | St a A ¢ Conia UR Ae ‘ nD i ivy. [7 EAP bis Le Pe yi! , ie ) A Ly 1 eG pi | a oe | 97 | ar 4 WD FA Rents. i ] —-« PHYTOLOGIA Designed to expedite botanical publication Vol. 41 December 1978 No. 1 % CONTENTS Ww RDACK, J. J., Certamen Melastomataceis XXIX ............2.4.. 1 M OLDENKE, H. N., Notes on new and noteworthy plants. CXVII...... 10 ZANDER, R. H., New combinations in Didymodon (Musci) and a key q to the taxa in North America north of Mexico............ 11 ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Heliantheae (Asteraceae). XV. Various new species and new combinations. ............+2+005- 33 ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Heliantheae (Asteraceae). XIV. Validation OT SUDEFIDES S653 ae FS a Oe Tea eevee ral AR 39 ROBINSON H., Studies in the Liabeae (Asteraceae). XIII. A new species of Liabellum from Nayarit, Mexico............... 45 ROBINSON, H., BOHLMANN, F., and KING, R. M., Chemosystematic ‘ibs on the MIA I. New arnlatione in subtribes IE AG ECR ANGT EGE Ps Ss SETS RE EE ey See ana ee 50 WARD, D. B., Keys to the flora of Florida—8, Helianthus (Compositae). . . 55 | AOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the genus Citharexylum. XIII... 62 [OLDENKE, A RO EHOW Ce 2 eT A Rate AM OG Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 303 Parkside Road Plainfield, New Jersey 07060 U.S.A. _ Price of this number $2.00; per volume $10.00 in advance or $11.00 after : close of the volume; $2.00 extra to all foreign addresses; 512 pages constitute a full volume; claims for numbers lost in the mails must be _ be made immediately after receipt of the next following number. { Kf CERTAMEN MELASTOMATACEIS XXTIX. John J. Wurdack U. S. National Herbarium, Smithsonian Institution CHAETOLEPIS PERIJENSIS Wurdack var. GLANDULOSA Wurdack, var. nov. Hypanthiis modice pilis laevibus glanduliferis 0O. i 0.6 mm longis setulosis differt. ' Type Collection: S. S. Tillett & K. W. Honig 747-946 (holotype US 2847721), collected in open areas on rocks and at eliff bases of Cerro "Laminado" ca 5 km north of Buena Vista, headwaters of Rio Apon, 10° 20? 23" N, 72° 54% 14" W, Sierra de Perija, Serrania de Valledupar, Distrito Perija, Estado Zulia, Venezuela, elev. 3300-3650 m, 9-10 July 1974. "Shrub to 3 dm tall, very infrequent to locally frequent. Stems medium tan flushed red toward tips; leaves matte, medium green above, light green beneath. Calyx flushed red-orange; corolla in bud red without on exposed portion, remainder and within matte deep yellow; fruit gray-tan. Also seen along ridge above Campamento Frontera V ca 10 km to north.” The typical variety, still known only from the Colombian Side of the Sierra Perija at 3000-3300 m, has hypanthia merely granulose furfuraceous; no other significant differences vege- tatively or florally are apparent. The species was included in the Flora de Venezuela, being known in Colombia as close as 1 km from the Venezuelan border. MICONIA SUBSPICATA Wurdack, sp. nov. Sect. Miconia. M. gracili Triana affinis, foliis paulo plinervatis floribus subsessilibus minoribus petalis extus sparse glanduloso-setulosis differt. Ramuli teretes primum sicut petioli laminarum venae primari- ae subtus inflorescentia hypanthiaque sparsiuscule pilis sub- amorpho-stellulatis 0.05-0.1 mm latis demum deciduis obsiti; ramulorum linea interpetiolaris non evoluta. Petioli 0.5-1. 5(-2) em longi; lamina (6-)8-13 X (2-)3-6 em elliptica apice gradatim per 0.5-1 cm hebeti-acuminato basi acuta, membranacea et essen- tialiter integra eciliata, ubique in superficie glabra, breviter (0.5-1 cm) 3-plinervata vel pseudoplinervata nervis secundariis principalibus 5-7 mm inter se distantibus nervulis subtus planis laxe reticulatis areolis 2-3 m latis. Inflorescentia 4-11 cm longa et subspicata, floribus in ramis primariis ca 1-1.5 mm longis plerumque ternis; flores 5-meri, pedicellis obscuris ca O.3 mm longis, bracteolis 0.2-0.3 mm longis subulatis caducis. Hypanthium (ad torum) 2 mm longum; calyx ca 0.15 mm longus et vix (0.05 m) lobulatus, dentibus exterioribus minutis paullulo (0.05 mm) eminentibus. Petala 2.4-2.7 X 1-1.1 mm obovato-oblonga extus minute granulosa et centraliter basim versus sparse gland- uloso-setulosa (0.1-0.15 mm). Stamina paulo dimorphica glabra; 1 2 Pri Do ea Vol. 41, No. 1 filamenta 3.6-3.8 mm longa; antherarum thecae 3-3.1 vel 2.5 X 0.3 X 0.3 mm oblongo-subulatae, poro O.1 mm diam. ventraliter (stamina maiora) vel dorsaliter (stamina minora) inclinato; connectivum non prolongatum ad basim ventraliter bilobulatum dorsaliter inerme. Stigma expansum 0.4-0.5 mm diam.; stylus 7.5 X 0.25 mm glaber; ovarium 3-loculare et 1/2 inferum apice minute granuloso. Type Collection: M. T. Madison, T. C. Plowman, & L. Besse 5313 (holotype US 2847798; isotype SEL), collected in wet tropi- cal forest near Limoncocha, Prov. Napo, Ecuador, elev. 240 m, 16 June 1978. "Shrub 2.5 m tall. Leaves shiny green above, dull below. Inflorescence rachis and calyx yellow-green; petals and filaments white; anthers cream." Paratypes (all Ecuador): Napo: Grubb, Lloyd, Pennington, & Whitmore 1550 (K, NY, US), from Shinguipino Forest between Rios Napo and Tena 8 km southeast of Tena, elev. 450 m, 5/9/1960 ("Understory treelet to 4m. Fruiting spikes erect, coral pink." Holm-Nielsen & Jeppesen 862 (AAU, US), from primary rain forest at Rio Suno 3 km west of Rio Napo, 77° 10? W, 0° ho §, elev. 40O m, 22 June 1968 ("Bushes. Fruits red."). Pastaza: Holm- Nielsen & Jeppesen 20 (AAU, US), from primary rain forest on southern border of Rio Napo 2 km west of Yuralpa, 77° 21’ W, 0° 55" S, elev. 440 m ("Bush in light places. Fruits red"). Miconia gracilis has basally nerved leaf blades, more evolved primary inflorescence branches, flowers on pedicels 2-3 mm long, hypanthium ca 2.8 mm long, triangular calyx lobes 0.7 mm long, and petals externally merely granulose. Miconia cazaletii Wurdack and M. smaragdina Naud., both with well-branched inflo- rescences, seem more distantly related. Because of the subrace- miform inflorescences, M. subspicata would perhaps key to near M. tenensis Markgraf and M. triplinervis R. & P., both of which do not otherwise seem closely related in pubescence or flowers. MICONIA LAXA Wurdack, sp. nov. Sect. Amblyarrhena. M. lividae Triana affinis, ramulis novellis laminarum subtus venis primariis petiolisque modice fur- furaceis calycis lobis petalisque brevioribus differt. Ramuli primum obscure quadrangulati demum teretes sicut laminarum subtus venae primariae petiolique modice pilis O.1- O.2 mm longis subclavatis induti demum glabrati. Petioli liberi 0.2-0.3 em longi; lamina 6-9 X 1-2 cm lanceato-oblonga apice gradatim 1-1.5 cm hebeti-acuminato basi acuta decurrenti, firme membranacea et integra, distanter (2-3 mm) ciliolata (ciliis 0.2- 0.3 mm longis), ubique venis primariis exceptis glabra, 0.5-l1 cm 3-plinervata nervis secundariis 2-3 mm inter se distantibus ner- vulis subtus planis areolis ca 0.7 mm latis. Panicula 7-10 cm longa laxa submultiflora; flores 5-meri, pedicellis 1-2 mm longis et 0.2-0.3 mm infra hypanthium articulatis, bracteolis caducis non visis. Hypanthium (ad torum) ca 1.8 mm longum glabrum; calycis tubus 0.1 mm altus, lobis interioribus 0.2 mm altis remotis, dentibus exterioribus minutis inframarginalibus. Peta- la 1.3-1.4 X 1.3-1.4 mm suborbicularia glabra. Stamina iso- 1978 Wurdack, Certamen Melastomataceis 3 morphica glabra; filamenta 1.8-1.9 mm longa; antherarum thecae 1.8-1.9 X 0.35 X 0.4 mm oblongae, poro 0.15 mm diam. dorsaliter inclinato, connectivo nec prolongato nec appendiculato. Stigma paullulo expansum 0.3 mm diam.; stylus 4.7 X 0.2 mm glaber in ovarii cono ca 0.3 mm immersus; ovarium 5-loculare et ca 1/3 inferum glabrun. Type Collection: Benkt Sparre 18735 (holotype S), collected in cloud forest near Km 39-41 of Cuenca-General Plaza (Limon) oa Prov. Morona-Santiago, Ecuador, elev. ca 2300 m, 19 Sept. 1967. Miconia livida, known from Amazonian Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, is vegetatively glabrous, with furfuraceous calyx lobes O.5 mm long and petals 2.4-2.6 mm long. The glabrous M. perga- mentacea Cogn. has somewhat smaller flowers, stamen connectives bilobulate-prolonged ventrally, and ovaries 3-celled. MICONIA MACBRYDEANA Wurdack, sp. nov. Sect. Amblyarrhena. M. sepositae Wurdack affinis, ramulorum foliorumque trichomatibus essentialiter sessilibus floribus paul- lulo minoribus ovarii cono breviore differt. Ramuli primum obtuse sulcato-quadrangulati demum teretes sicut folia novella inflorescentiaque pilis stellatis 0.6-0.8 mm diam. sessilibus vel subsessilibus (stipite ca 0.1-0.2 mm longo) modice puberuli demum (inflorescentiis et foliorum subtus venis primariis exceptis) glabrati. Petioli 2.5-3 cm longi; lamina 21- 25 X 8.5-11 cm elliptica apice gradatim per 2-2.5 cm acuminato basi acuta, firme membranacea et ciliolato-serrulata, breviter (O0.7-1 em) 5-plinervata nervis secundariis principalibus ca 4-5 mm inter se distantibus nervulis subtus planis obscuris areolis ca 1.5-2 mm latis. Panicula ca 15 cm longa submultiflora; flores S-meri subsessiles (pedicellis crassis 0.2-0.5 mm longis), bracteolis 4.5-6 X 2-3.5 mm obovato-ellipticis ad anthesim deciduis extus sicut hypanthiis sparse stellulato-puberulis. Hypanthium (ad torum) 2.7 mm longum; calycis tubus 1.3 mm longus, lobis interioribus 1-1.1 mm longis oblongo-ovatis (apice rotun- dato) sparse stellulato-ciliolatis, dentibus exterioribus minutis inframarginalibus stellulato-puberulis; torus intus glaber. Petala 6-6.6 X 2.3-2.5 mm obovato-oblonga glabra. Stamina iso- morphica glabra; filamenta 3.5-3.7 mm longa; antherarum thecae 2.6-2.9 X 0.5 X 0.6 mm anguste oblongae poro ca 0.15 mm dian. ventraliter inclinato, connectivo nec prolongato nec appendicu- lato. Stigma non expansum; stylus 4-4.7 X 0.4 m glaber vel basim versus sparsissime stellulato-puberulus; ovarium 3-loculare et fere omnino inferum (cono ca 0.2 m alto) glabrum. Type Collection: Bruce MacBryde 983 (holotype US 2828303), collected in cloud forest overlooking Rio Zamora at headwaters of Rio Piuntza, NW range of Cordillera Condor, Prov. Morona- Santiago, Ecuador, elev. 1850 m, 5 Jan. 1972. "Shrub to 3 m; petals white; anthers and stigma violet.” Miconia seposita has the stellate cauline and foliar hairs stipitate 0.5-1.5 mm, all floral parts ca 1/4 larger, and a truncate-conic ovary cone 0.6-0.8 mm high. Cuatrecasas 15656 h PA LT) Ov OS) ok Vol. 1, No. 1 (La Laguna, headwaters of Rio Sanjuniqufn, Valle, elev. 1250- 1400 m), with mature flower buds, seems to represent a Colombian record for M. seposita. To obviate any allegations of homonymy with M. macbridei Gleason, the adjectival epithet, commemorating both Bruce and Olga MacBryde, has been used for the Condor endemic. MICONIA BENOISTII Wurdack, sp. nov. Sect. Amblyarrhena. M. papillosae (Desr.) Naud. affinis, foliorum laminis supra essentialiter glabris subtus in venis primariis sicut ramulis inflorescentiisque sparse pilis stellu- latis vix 0.1 mm longis caducis indutis floribus minoribus dif- fert. Ramuli primum obtuse quadrangulati demum teretes sicut petioli (apicem versus) inflorescentiaque sparse caduceque setu- losi pilis ca 1 mm longis paulo asperis et sicut foliorum subtus venae primariae inflorescentiae hypanthiaque sparse pilis stellu- latis caducis vix 0.1 mm longis puberuli; nodi incrassati circum petiolorum bases ca 0.5 mm elevato-tumidi linea interpetiolari gracili evoluta. Petioli (1-)1.5-2.5 cm longi; lamina (4-)6-9 xX (2-)3-4.5 cm anguste ovata apice acuto basi paulo (0.3-0.5 cm) cordulata, firme membranacea et minute serrulata, 0.3-0.5 m appresso-ciliolata, supra paulo rugulosa et glabra vel sparsis- sime caduceque strigulosa (pilis 0.1-0.2 mm longis), subtus in venis primariis secundariisque sparse setulosa pilis laevibus ca 0.5(-1) mm longis, 5-nervata nervis secundariis ca 3 mm inter se distantibus nervulis subtus planis obscuris areolis ca 1 m latis. Panicula 4-7 cm longa submultiflora; flores 5(-6)-meri, pedicellis 0.8-1 mm longis, bracteolis 0.8-1 X 0.1-0.2 mm ante anthesim deciduis. Hypanthium (ad torum) 2 mm longum sparsius- cule setulosum pilis laevibus 0.2-0.3 mm longis; calycis tubus 0.3-0.4 mm longus, lobis interioribus hebeti-ovatis 0.6-0.8 mm longis, dentibus exterioribus crassis ca 0.1-0.2 mm eminentibus; torus intus modice 0.1-0.2 mm glanduloso-puberulus. Petala 2.1- 2.2 X 2.2-2.3 mm suborbicularia modice granulosa. Stamina iso- morphica glabra; filamenta 2 mm longa; antherarum thecae 1.4-1.6 X 0.45 X 0.5 mm oblongae, poro 0.1 mm diam. paullulo ventraliter inclinato; connectivum nec prolongatum nec appendiculatum. Stigma expansum 0.8 mm diam.; stylus 6 X 0.3-0.5 mm modice glanduloso-puberulus in ovario cono 0.2 mm immersus; ovarium 4 loculare et ca 1/2 inferum, cono 0.6 mm alto modice glanduloso- puberulo. Type Collection: R. Benoist 2504 (holotype P), collected at "base du Pichincha," Prov. Pichincha, Ecuador, 8 May 1930. "Arbuste a f1. blanches." Miconia papillosa has the branchlets, petioles, primary leaf veins beneath, and inflorescences densely setulose with pinoid hairs mostly 0.2-0.6 mm long, leaf blades above moderately setuliferous-bullate, hypanthia ca 3 mm long, and anther thecae 2.1-2.6 mm long. Miconia pichinchensis Benth. has dendritic - stellulate hairs moderately on the branchlets, petioles, and inflorescences, somewhat larger hypanthia, interior calyx lobes 1978 Wurdack, Certamen Melastomataceis 5 only 0.1-0.3 mm long, and the torus glabrous within. The possi- bility of hybrid origin for M. benoistii has been considered; however, part of the morphologic deviation (branchlet nodes, small flowers) is in a somewhat different direction than either of the two suggested relatives. The flowers in M. benoistii are predominantly 5-merous (perhaps 30% 6-merous). MICONIA VESCA Wurdack, sp. nov. Sect. Amblyarrhena. In systemate Cogniauxii a M. asclepiadea Triana et M. cruenta Triana foliis minoribus subtus in venis primariis sicut ramulis dense pilis laevibus gracilibus indutis differt. Ramuli teretes sicut foliorum subtus costae petiolique dense pilis laevibus gracilibus 1-1.5 mm longis setosi et sicut venae secundariae inflorescentia hypanthiaque modice pilis stellulatis ca 0.1 m longis induti. Folia subsessilia (petiolis usque 0.3 em longis) in quoque pari non vel paullulo dimorphica; lamina (2-)3-4.5 X (1.3-)1.7-2.6 cm anguste ovata apice hebeti-acuto basi O.2-0.5 cm cordata, firme membranacea et essentialiter integra, distanter ciliolata, supra primum paullulo (0.05 mm ) sparseque aspera demum laevis, subtus in venis secundariis tertiariisque sparse vel sparsissime pilis laevibus 0.5-1 mm longis setulosa in superficie glabra, 5(-sub-7)-nervata nervis secundariis ca 2-3 mm inter se distantibus nervulis subtus planis areolis ca O.7-l mm latis. Panicula 1-2.5 cm longa pauciflora; flores 5-meri, pedicellis ca 0.5 mm longis crassis, bracteolis 0.5-0.7 X 0.2 mm persistentibus. Hypanthium (ad torum) ca 2.3 mm longum sparsiuscule pilis laevibus gracilibus ca 0.5 mm longis setosum; calycis tubus ca 0.2 mm longus, lobis interioribus ca O.5 mm longis obtusis, dentibus exterioribus crassis lobos interiores aequantibus. Petala plus quam 1.4 X 1.2 mm granulosa apice rotundato. Stamina dimorphica glabra; antherarum thecae 1.5 X 0.45 X 0.4 mm oblongae exappendiculatae poro minuto termi- nali. Stigma paulo expansum 0.35 mm diam.; stylus plus quam 2.5 mm longus 0.25 mm diam. basim versus sparsissime puberulus; ovarium 3-loculare et 4/5 inferum glabrum. Type Collection: J. A. Steyermark 53582 (holotype F 1208015; isotypes NY, US), collected in moist forest at Arenillas along Rfo Tintas, Prov. Morona-Santiago, Ecuador, elev. 2195 m, 13 July 1943. "Shrub 5 ft. tall; hairs on stems and nerves on lower leaf surface buff-brown; calyx pale green; petals white." Miconia asclepiadea is glabrous and with leaf blades mostly 9-20 X 5-8 cm, as well as larger flowers; M. cruenta (syn.: M. neurocarpa ) has (ex descr. and photo) fine appressed cauline pubescence and much larger flowers with strongly ridged merely stellulate-puberulent hypanthia and petals externally densely stellulate-lepidote-puberulent. Miconia vesca is somewhat Similar to M. pichinchensis Benth., which has dendritic-stellu- late cauline hairs to 0.3 mm long, less development of smooth vegetative hairs, and a 5-celled 1/3-1/2-inferior ovary. Flowers at anthesis are lacking in Steyermark 53582, the petal. and stylar 6 PRETO LOG Tk Vol. 41, No.1 dimensions from mature buds surely too small. MICONIA LONGISETOSA Wurdack, sp. nov. Sect. Chaenopleura. M. ascendenti Wurdack affinis, ramulo- rum pilis longioribus inflorescentiae pilis eglandulosis anthera- rum thecis maioribus connectivis dorsaliter ecalcaratis differt. Ramuli sulcato-quadrangulati sicut petioli dense et folio- rum venae primariae subtus inflorescentiaque modice pilis laevi- bus eglandulosis 5-8 mm longis flexuosis subreflexis induti; nodi inter petiolos non manicati ad petiolorum insertiones elevato-callosi. Petioli 3-4 cm longi; lamina 12-17 xX 8-11 ecm elliptico-ovata apice subabrupte ca 1 cm acuminato basi rotun- data, membranacea et essentialiter integra, modice ciliata, supra sparse appresso-setosa pilis ca 1.5-2 mm longis gracili- bus, subtus in venis secundariis sparse pilis gracilibus 2-3 mm longis setosa in superficie glabra, 5(-7)-nervata nervis secun- dariis ca 4-5 mm inter se distantibus nervulis subtus planis areolis ca 1-1.5 mm latis. Panicula ca 12 cm longa (pedunculo ca 5 cm longo incluso) subcorymbiformis, floribus ca 30 et 5- meris, pedicellis 5-8 mm longis et ca 0.5 mm infra hypanthium articulatis, bracteolis ca 3.5 X 0.7 mm caducis. Hypanthium (ad torum) 5 mm longum glabrum; calycis tubus 0.5 mm longus, lobis interioribus 0.5-0.7 mm longis oblatis, dentibus exterioribus non eminentibus apice ca 0.3-0.5 mm setuliforme protracto. Petala paulo immatura ca 6 X 5 mm obovato-suborbicularia minute granulosa. Filamenta glabra; antherarum thecae 3.1-3.2 X 0.5 X 1 mm oblongae ventraliter ca 1.2-1.5 mm rimosae; connectivum ad basim ventraliter 0.5 mm bilobulato-prolongatum dorsaliter inerme. Stigma paulo expansum ca 1.3 mm diam.; stylus immaturus ca 6 X 1 m basim versus sparse glandulosus; ovarium 5-loculare et ca 2/3 inferum, cono costulato 1.5 mm alto sparse glanduloso. Type Collection: L. Sodiro 490 (holotype BR), collected "in silv. reg. occid. m. Pichincha," 1886. Miconia ascendens has sparser cauline pubescence up to only 4 mm long, trichomes in part gland-tipped, anther thecae only 1.7 mm long, and a distinct dorso-basal tubercle on the anther connectives. The other South American species of Sect. Chaenopleura with corymbiform inflorescences and large flowers, M. corymbiformis Cogn., M. campii Wurdack, and M. harlingii Wurdack, all have anther thecae only 1.5-2 mm long and distinct dorso-basal connective tubercles, as well as less similarity vegetatively. The floral dimensions given for M. longisetosa are taken from mature buds, the petals and style thus surely somewhat larger at anthesis. MICONIA POPAYANENSIS Wurdack, sp. nov. Sect. Chaenopleura. M. hymenantherae Triana affinis, foliis 5-nervatis ubique sicut hypanthiis modice pilis laevibus setosis differt. Ramuli teretes sicut petioli foliorum subtus venae pri- mariae et secundariae inflorescentiaque modice setosi pilis laevibus gracilibus plerumque 2-3 mm longis patentibus vel paulo 1978 Wurdack, Certamen Melastomataceis 7 reflexis; ramulorum nodi incrassati inter petiolos paulo elevati ad petiolorum bases crasse annulo ca 0.5 mm elevato armati. Petioli 0.4-0.6 cm longi; lamina (2.5-)3-5 X (1.7-)2-3 cm oblongo-ovata apice paulo (ca 0.5 cm) subgradatimque hebeti- acuminato basi paulo (0.2-0.3 cm) cordata, firme membranacea et obscure serrulata, 1-1.5 mm ciliolata, supra modice appresso- setosa pilis laevibus ad basim paulo (0.2-0.3 mm) expansis, sub- tus in venulis modice setosi, 5-nervata nervis secundariis ca 2 mn inter se distantibus nervulis subtus planis obscuris areolis ca lm latis. Panicula 4-6 cm longa lataque submultiflora; flores 5-meri, pedicellis 4-7 mm longis et ca 1 mm infra hypan- thium articulatis, bracteolis ca 0.6 X 0.3 mm usque ad anthesim persistentibus. Hypanthium (ad torum) ca 1.5 mm longum, extus modice pilis patentibus laevibus gracilibus 1-2 mm longis ornatum intus glabrum et costulatum; calycis tubus 0.4 mm longus, lobis interioribus ca 0.5 mm longis ovato-orbicularibus hebetibus, dentibus exterioribus lobos interiores aequantibus. Petala 1.8-2 X 1.5-1.6 mm suborbicularia glabra. Stamina isomorphica glabra; filamenta 2 mm longa; antherarum thecae 0.3-0.4 X 0.2 X 0.3-0.35 mm usque ad basim rimosae; connectivum ventraliter crasse bilo- bulato-prolongatum 0.25 mm. Stigma non expansum; stylus glaber in ovarii collo 0.2 mm immersus; ovarium 3-loculare et fere (collo costulato excluso) omnino inferum glabrum. Type Collection: F. C. Lehmann 5473 (K), from the "middle western slopes of the West Andes of Popayan,” Depto. Cauca, Colombia, elev. 1600-2000 nm. Miconia hymenanthera has 3-nerved leaf blades which are sparsely strigulose above, as well as (as the branchlet inter- nodes) only sparsely to moderately setulose with slightly rough- ened hairs 0.5-1 mm long on the primary leaf veins beneath; the hypanthia are glabrous except for sparse minute glands. Acosta Solis 5801 (F) from Saloya, Pichincha, Ecuador, elev. 1800 m, may represent a variant of M. popayanensis with larger (7-10 xX 3.5-5.5 cm) leaf blades; the Ecuadorian collection shows only young fruit. Lehmann 5473 was evidently not studied by Gleason; the typescript translation of Lehmann's field notes (US) includes: "Micmia cf. M. atrosanguinea Cogn. Shrub, poorly ramified branches up to 1 m in length and partly lying on the ground. Leaves hairy on both sides, dark green. Flowers green- ish yellow. Grows in dense damp forests. Flowers in June." Miconia melanotricha (Triana) Gleason (syn.: M. atrosanguinea) does not seem to be really closely related to M. popayanensis, having rather abundant gland-tipped inflorescence and hypanthial hairs, much larger flowers, large anthers with elongate thecae and simple connective, expanded stigma, sparsely glandular- puberulous style, and ovary only 2/3 inferior and crowned with glandular setae 1-1.2 mm long. CLIDEMIA VARTIFOLIA Wurdack, sp. nov. C. dimorphicae Macbride affinis, petalis latioribus stami- num connectivis eglandulosis ovario plerumque 5-loculari fructu grandiore differt. ‘ 8 PoE TO LOsGt Eek Vol. 1, Now 1 Ramuli teretes sicut foliorum subtus venae primariae inflorescentiaque pilis stellulato-pinoideis usque ad 0.3 mm longis et 0.4 mm diam. dense puberuli. Folia in quoque pari valde (10-20:1) dimorphica subsessilia (petiolis 0-0.3 cm longis) firme membranacea supra glabra subtus in venis secun- dariis modice decidueque arachnoideo-puberula et sparse pinoideo- puberula in superficie glabra venulis subtus planis areolis ca O.4-0.5 mm latis. Folia maiora: lamina oblongo-lanceata vel elliptico-lanceata apice gradatim acuminato basi asymmetrice rotundata vel cordulata distanter hebeti-serrata dentibus plerumque 1.5-2.5 mm profundis, 8-11(-14) cm longa, 2.5-4.5(-6) em lata trinervata (pari exteriore tenui excluso) nervis secun- dariis ca 4 m inter se distantibus. Folia minora: lamina sub- orbicularis vel late ovata apice obtuso vel hebeti-acuto basi cordulata integra, 0.6-1.5 cm longa, 0.6-1 cm lata. Inflores- centiae plerumque in foliorum superiorum minorum axillis soli- tariae 1.5-3.5 cm longae ramulosae pauciflorae; flores 5-meri subsessiles, bracteolis 0.3-0.5 mm longis subpersistentibus. Hypanthium (ad torum) 1.5-1.6 mm longum dense puberulum pilis stellulato-pinoideis 0.1-0.15 mm latis; calycis tubus 0.4 m altus, lobis interioribus 0.6-0.7 mm longis oblongis, dentibus exterioribus crassis inframarginalibus. Petala 1.9-2 X 1.1-1.2 mm oblongo-obovata glabra. Stamina essentialiter isomorphica glabra; filamenta 0.8-0.9 mm longa; antherarum thecae 1-1.2 X 0.15-0.2 X 0.2-0.3 mm oblongo-subulatae poro 0.05-0.1 mm diam. dorsaliter inclinato; connectivum non prolongatum dorsaliter ad basim dente hebeti 0.1-0.15 mm longo glabro descendenti armatum. Stigma non expansum; stylus 2.5 X 0.3 mm glaber in ovarii cono paulo immersus; ovarium (4-)5-loculare et 2/3 inferum cono 0.5 mm alto granuloso et sparse glanduloso; fructus i. s. 3.5-4 mm diam. costulatus interdum sparsissime glanduloso-setulosus. Type Collection: H. Lugo 3246 (holotype US 2750865; isotype GB), collected near Rio Aguarico ca 5 km south of Lago Agrio, Prov. Napo, Ecuador, 7 Nov. 1973. "Shrub ca 2 m high. Corolla white.” Paratypes: Ecuador: Napo: Heinrichs 294 (NY), from "Monte Ongota am Rfo Misahualli" near Tena, alt. 700 m, 30 Mar. 1933 ("Strauch 1.5 m hoch. Fruchte grtinlich."); H. Lugo 3273 (GB, US), from Shushufindi (Nueva Loja) on road from Coca to Lago Agrio, 10 Nov. 1973 ("Shrub ca 3 m high. Corolla white."); H. Lugo 3461 (GB, US), from Guamanyacu ca 40 km NE of Coca, 18 Nov. 1973 ("Shrub ca 2m high. Corolla white."). Pastaza: Ynes Mexia 6883 (US), from near Canelos, alt. 300m, 8 Feb. 1935 ("Bush 0.5 m. Fl. pinkish."). Morona-Santiago: Camp E-971 (NY), from above Rio Upano near Paute, elev. 670 m, 13 Nov. 1944 ("Sprawling shrub 0.3 m. Fruit red."); Camp E-1041 (NY), from Cordillera Cutucu opposite Chupiantza, elev. 600-700 m, 17 Nov. 1944 ("Sprawling shrub to 0.3 m. Fruit reddish purple."); Harlin 953 (S), from virgin forest near Méndez, alt. 700 m, 28 May 1947 ("Bush; fruit violet."); Harling & Andersson 12860 (GB, US), from Limon-Macas road ca 20 km from Limon, elev. 700-900 m, 26 Mar. 1974 ("Shrub ca 2.5 m. Corolla white."). Peru: Amazonas: 1978 Wurdack, Certamen Melastomataceis 9 B. Berlin 1846 (MO, US), from north of Huampami, elev. 180-250 n, 29 July 1974 ("Shrub 40 em; fruit light orange to red."). Loreto: Killip & Smith 28443 (US) and 28591 (US), from Balsa- puerto, alt. 150-350 m, 28-30 Aug. 1929 ("Shrub 3-5 ft."). Clidemia dimorphica, which is sympatric at least in part of its range with C. variifolia, has somewhat finer vegetative pubescence, less prominent leaf blade teeth only 0.3-1 mm deep, petals only 0.5-0.6 mm wide, stamen connective appendages glandu- lar, 3-4-celled ovary, and essentially glabrous fruit 2.5-3 mm diam. (dry). Gleason had earlier alluded to some of the Peruvian material as probably distinct (Bull. Torrey Club 58: 253. 1931). OSSAEA BOEKEI Wurdack, sp. nov. Q. robustae (Triana) Cogn. affinis, foliorum subtus venulis laxe reticulatis ramulis primum setulosis floribus paulo maiori- bus ovario 7-loculari differt. Ramuli primum obtuse sulcato-quadrangulati demum teretes Sicut laminarum venae primariae subtus petiolique sparsiuscule pilis clavulatis ad apicem paulo asperis usque ad 1 mm longis subpersistentibus setulosi. Petioli 2-3 cm longi; lamina 18-30 X 7-13 em elliptica apice breviter (1-1.5 em) subgradatimque acuminato basi acuta, membranacea et obscure undulato-serrulata eciliata, utrinque primum sparse pinoideo-puberula (pilis ca 0.1 mm longis) in venulis superficieque mox glabrata, 5-plinervata pari interiore 1.5-3 cm supra basim subalternatim divergenti nervis secundariis 5-10 mm inter se distantibus venulis subtus planis laxiuscule (0.5-0.7 mm) reticulatis. Panicula 5-8 cm longa submultiflora; flores 5-meri, pedicellis 0.3-2 mm longis et ca 0.3 mm infra hypanthium articulatis, bracteolis 1-1.5 mm longis late ovatis persistentibus. Hypanthium (ad torum) 2.2- 2.8 mm longum obtuse 10-costulatum dense pilis crassis ca 0.2 m longis asperis puberulum; calycis tubus 0.5 mm longus, lobis interioribus 0.5 mm longis oblongis, dentibus exterioribus crassis non eminentibus; torus intus sparsissime glandulosus. Petala 5-5.8 X 1.7-2.1 mm oblongo-lanceata intus glabra extus modice pinoideo-puberula. Stamina isomorphica; filamenta 2-2.2 mm longa glabra; antherarum thecae 1.4-1.5 X 0.5 X 0.4 m oblongae, poro 0.25 mm diam. dorsaliter inclinato; connectivum vix (0-0.1 mm) prolongatum dorsaliter ad basim dente 0.3-0.35 mm longo glanduloso armatum. Stigma non expansum; stylus glaber; ovarium (6-)7-loculare et omnino inferum apice sparse granuloso-glanduloso; fructus i. s. paulo 10-costato. Type Collection: J. D. Boeke & H. Loyola 2171 (holotype US 2830250; isotype NY), collected in primary forest between Jesus Maria and Molleturo about 10 km from Guayas border, Prov. Azuay, Ecuador, elev. ca 1100 m, 16 July 1977. "Shrub to 5 m. Corolla white; berry yellow." Paratype: Dennis H. Knight 643 (US), from wet secondary forest near Buena Ventura below Pinas toward Santa Rosa, Prov. El Oro, Ecuador, elev. ca 900 m, 8 Dec. 1965. "Small tree 7 m." Ossaea robusta has leaf venule areoles 0.2-0.3 mm wide, branchlets and primary leaf veins beneath with hairs only 10 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. h1, No. 1 O.1 mm long, hypanthium ca 1.4 mm long, petals 3-4.5 X 0.8-1 mm, and ovary usually 5-celled. Ossaea brenesii Standley has shorter cauline and primary leaf vein pubescence, denser leaf venule areoles, and external calyx teeth projecting O.5-1 mm (but ovary 6-7-celled). Of the 5 ovaries examined in the material of 0. boekei, 4 were 7-celled and 1 6-celled. NOTES ON NEW AND NOTEWORTHY PLANTS. CXVIII Harold N. Moldenke CLERODENDRUM PHILIPPINUM f. MULTIPLEX (Sweet) Moldenke, comb. nov. Clerodendrum fragrans ® multiplex Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 1, be 32.1026, CORNUTIA GRANDIFOLIA f. QUADRANGULARIS (frst. & Moldenke) Molden- ke, stat. nov. Cornutia grandifolia var. quadrangularis @rst. & Moldenke, Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. 0: 168. 1936. SYNGONANTHUS FERTILIS var. FUSCUS Moldenke, var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei bractiis involucrantibus atrofuscis vel atrobrunneis recedit. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having the involucral bracts dark-fuscous or dark=brown instead of light—stramineous. The type of the variety was collected by J. Murga Pires, N.T. Silva, and R. Souza (no. 98h3a) in the cerrado at Fazenda Lopo Botélho, Cristalina, Goids, Brazil, on July 7, 1963, and is de- posited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. SYNGONANTHUS LEPRIEURI f. VIVIPARUS Moldenke, f. nov. Haec forma a forma typica speciei capitulis distincte viviparis recedit. This form differs from the typical form of the species in hav= ing its fruiting heads distinctly viviparous. The type of the form was collected by G. T. Prance, A. S. Silva, C.C. Berg, A. J. Henderson, B. W. Nelson, M. Balick, R. P. Bahia, and M, Reis dos Santos (no. P.2l837) on a moist cliff in the spray of falls, 300 meters altitude, Cachoeira de Curud, north slope of the Serra Cachimbo, BR 163, Cuiab4 to Santarém highway, Paré, Brazil, on November 4, 1977, and deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. SVIDA ALBA var. ARGENTEO-MARGINATA (Rehd.) Moldenke, comb. nov. Cornus alba var. argenteo-marginata Rehd., Man. Cult. Trees, ed. 2. 68h. 190. | NEW COMBINATIONS IN DIDYMODON (MUSCI) AND A KEY TO THE TAXA IN NORTH AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO Richard H. Zander Clinton Herbarium, Buffalo Museum of Science, Buffalo, N.Y. 1,211 In the course of studies on the Pottiaceae, I have become convinced that the distinctions made by Saito (1975) between the genera Barbula Hedw. and Didymodon Hedw. are valid. As was dis- cussed by Crundwell and Nyholm (1965), taxonomic differences between the two genera have been based largely on peristome characters, the former having long, twisted teeth, the latter with short, straight to weakly twisted teeth. These distinctions have never been totally satisfactory as species that are gametophytical- ly closely related to some Barbula species have short, nearly straight peristome teeth while others with close relationship to Didymodon species have elongate, twisted peristomes. As the genera are closely related, many authors (e.g. Chen 1941, Dixon 1924, Nyholm 1956, Savicz-Ljubitzkaja & Smirnova 1970) have simply treated all species as Barbula. Saito (1975) proposed several distinctions between the two genera based largely on gametophytic characters, some of which had been previously discussed by Hilpert (1933), that serve to separate easily the species into two natural groups. Table 1 compares the major distinguishing features of Barbula and Didymodon. I agree with Hilpert (1933) that the species now recognized in Bryoerythro- phyllum Ghen (= Didymodon subg. Erythrophyllum Limpr.) are more closely related to Barbula than to Didymodon. Trichostomopsis Card. and Geheebia Schimp. are here treated as synonyms of Didymodon. Many taxa now recognized in Barbula are better placed in on. Saito (1975) made several transfers involving Asiatic taxa that reflect his generic concepts but certain American and European taxa remain without appropriate combinations. Based on studies of specimens from ALA, ALTA, BUF, CANM, FH, MICH, NY, PC, S-PA, TENN, UBC, US and other herbaria, the following key, new combinations and discussion is presented hopefully as a coherent concept of Didymodon in North America north of Mexico. All of the species of Didymodon that are represented by more than a few collections show a degree of variation in characters here considered critical for identification. Regionality of the species supports an assumption of genetic differentiation; however, this may turn out to be best recognized as race formation within widely distributed polymorphic species. To alert plant geographers as to which species are relatively well known and which are possibly artifacts, the following terms are used here. Species 11 12 PAY T &OLOS Tea Vol. 1, Now 1 Table 1. Summary of important distinctions between the genera Didymodon and Barbula in North America north of Mexico. Did on Barbula Leaf shape usually lanceolate usually ovate to long- to long-lanceolate elliptical Cells of hyaline except a all cells often axillary hairs Basal laminal cells Abaxial super- ficial cells of costa above mid- leaf Laminal papillae Propagula, when present Peristome teeth yellow-brown basal cell usually little differentiated, green and short- rectangular quadrate to occasionally elongate absent or simple or rarely multiplex; solid green, thin-walled, of 1-10 cells hyaline usually strongly differentiated, hyaline and elongate short-rectangular to elongate, rarely quadrate usually multiplex, rarely C-shaped, simple or absent; often hollow green to yellow- or red-brown, thin- to thick-walled, of 1-50 or more cells absent or rudimentary short and weakly to long and twisted twisted to long and twisted that are suspected to be "pigeonhole" taxonomic concepts (Grout 1938), that is, segregates from a continuum of mo hological variation, e.g. on a stature gradient (Zander 1977), have their names followed by the annotation "columb." for "columbarium," a dove cote. Some species have been studied only in limited geographic areas and are suspected to be the same as other species elsewhere in the world. The names of these narrowly conceived species are followed by "paroch." for “parochialis." Most species of Pottiaceae that are known only from local floristic studies are parochial species and should not be cited in studies of plant geography without much reservation. I find that only study of intraspecific variation of a species and of related species on a worldwide basis can provide a sense of proportion that allows the kind of taxonomic appraisal that satisfactorily reflects evolu- tionary and migratory history. Until a taxonomic study is made at the world level, preferkably with ancillary experimental culture work, difficulties in routine identification of Didymodon species 1978 Zander, Didymodon 13 Table 2. Suggested parallel trends in speciation in three sections of Didymodon. sect. Didymodon sect. Vineales' sect. Graciles Plants De nigrescens D. asperifolius D. laevigatus red-brown Leaves short- D. acutus D. brachyphyllus D. michiganensis lanceolate Leaves long- D. umbrosus D. vinealis var. D. giganteus lanceolate flaccidus Leaf apex dif- D. johansenii D. sinuosus — ferentiated as a propagulum Leaf cells De. johansenii — D. giganteus porose Propagula D. rigidulus D. reedii D. michiganensis present in leaf axils Hy grophilic D. luridus — D. tophaceus species must be expected when using this key and those of other authors due to unusual combinations of character states or to intermediate states. Variation in degree of peristome development is common in on and has led to confusion in generic limits. Qualitative characters of the peristome are relatively conservative and are appropriately emphasized at the family level in moss taxonomy (Crosby 1974). However, peristome morphology and other sporophyte characters may be variable in a quantitative sense. The few phenological survey studies that have been done show that the sporophytes of common, temperate zone species of Pottiaceae (and of other families) take 5-12 months to mature (Grimme 1903, Krieger 1915). Also, the capsule anatomy differentiates throughout mich of the period of seta elongation (Wijk 1932) although final stages happen very quickly (Kreulen 1975). Surely developmental processes of the sporophyte should be commonly affected, especially in species of Pottiaceae growing in environmentally variable habitats, in regard to relative size and size-dependent elaboration of the peristome, perhaps in response to varying amounts of available photosynthate. Hilpert (1933) asserted that peristome ornamentation is never quantitatively exactly alike between individuals of the same species in the Pottiaceae and considered variation between species in peristome development to be related to environmental influences of the habitat. In both Didymodon and 1h PHY T:O LOGIA Vol. 41, Now 1 Barbula, long peristomes usually have well developed basal membranes and sharply differentiated, filamentuous, spiculose peristome teeth. Short peristomes have poorly differentiated basal membranes and long-subulate, spiculose to papillose teeth. In most species, peristomes are rather fragile and are often broken off in old capsules. Didymodon vinealis var. vinealis has perhaps the best developed peristome in the genus, twisted occasionally to 2.5 turns. Barbula species may have rather short, nearly straight teeth grading to long and twisted to 2.5 turns. Great variation in peristome development within species is common in both Didymodon and Barbula and may be correlated with control of spore dispersal appropriate for various environments. Also, Lazarenko (1957) has emphasized the importance in spore liberation of fragile peristome teeth in the genus Callicladium (Hypnaceae). rie teins Variation in presence and in degree of differentiation of the © adaxial stereid band has also been a source of confusion, as noted © by Saito (1975). The long-held importance of costal anatomy as a character distinguishing the tribes Pottieae and Barbuleae is not to be denied, but has led to misplaced emphasis on this character in the Barbuleae in which great variation of costal anatomy occurs between species and even within species. In many species of Didymodon, there may be either one or two stereid bands present in the costa. In D. vinealis, the adaxial stereid band is usually represented by 2-4 widely lumened, slightly thick-walled cells of about the same diameter as the cells of the costal epidermis and only slightly smaller than the guide cells. The genera Trichostomopsis Card. and Husnotiella Card. were both placed in the Pottieae by Grout (1939) as they characteristically have only one stereid band in the costa. However, Robinson (1970) recog- nized the relationship of Trichostomopsis near Barbula, and I here place it in synonymy with Didymodon; Husnotiella is actually very close in relationship to Didymodon and should be treated in the Barbuleae. Illustrations, descriptions, further discussion of variation, and additional synonymy for most of the species dealt with here are given by Chen (1941), Dixon (1924), Nyholm (1956), Podpéra (1954), Saito (1975) and Steere (1938a, 1938p) inter alios. 1978 Zander, Didymodon 15 KEY TO DIDYMODON TAXA IN NORTH AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO l. Leaf tips caducous or very fragile€.cccccccccccvccccccccccees 2 1. Leaf tips with intact apices or these merely occasionally DMs cewnsseedesecveeek «6 6 oun os tA és Nee nada cn ammemeas Se 2. All leaf apices absent in mature leaves, deciduous early, apical cells near leaf apex weakly conic-mamillose; U.S.A. (Alaska), Europe, U dectendenk eet duane dasiabiteamanweedsaceaws eoeeee 14. De sinuosus (Mitt.) Delogn. 2. Leaf apices mostly present in mature leaves, merely fragile or deciduous late, upper laminal cells smooth to PAPLLLOSCe ccccccccccccccsccccccccccccccccsccecccccce ae 3. Leaves long-triangular, usually deeply grooved along the costa adaxially, costa percurrent to short-excurrent, laminal papillae irregular to multiplex; western North America..cccccccccccccces @eeeeeevesece as D. occidentalis Zander 3. Leaves ovate- to long-lanceolate, broadly and weakly concave, not medially grooved, costa long—-excurrent, laminal papillae absent to low and mostly SAimple.ccccccccccccvvccccsccccscccs Le 4. Leaf apices swollen and notched, upper laminal cells usually with porose walls and angular lumina; U.S.A. (Alaska), Canada (Yukon, Northwest Territories), U.S.S.R.. eooeee 4. De johansenii (Williams) Crum 4. Leaf apices narrow, entire, upper laminal cells usually evenly thickened and with rounded—quadrate or oval lumina; northern areas and at high elevations in North America, Europe, ABI Boi caddis Ceaceuds 4b sOe Ode ctw einai cemeneane eae lb. D. acutus var. icmadophilus (Schimp. ex C.M.) Zander 5. Plants red- to black-brown, leaves not keeled or highly recurved, margins finely crenulate by bulging cell walls, usually plane above midleaf, costae thin, 2-3 cells wide above midleaf, laminal papillae absent to massive and lens-shaped..6. 5. Plants without this exact combination of characterSececceeee & 6. Leaves dimorphic: cochleariform, epapillose leaves present on fragile branchlets or portions of some stems; U.S.A. (Alaska, Colorado), Canada (Yukon, Northwest Territories, British Columbia, ee Peres eT eee P rer TT errr ery re eoseee 9s De subandreaeoides (Kindb.) Zander 6. Leaves MONOMOYFPHicC. cesccccccccssssccescsescsessessseces Te 16 7. Te 9. 9. PHY T.0400:0:1 4 Vol. 1, Now 1 Plants often fruiting, leaf apices acute, propagula absent; northwestern North America, Guatemala, India, China...cccescoes cocccccccsese Je De nigrescens (Mitt.) K. Saito Plants sterile, leaf apices obtuse, unicellular propagula present in clusters in the leaf axils; Canada (Yukon, Northwest Térritories), UsS.SsRecsselsccecccsccsedouuele tte cocccccceee S&S De perobtusus Broth. 8. Costa with elongate superficial adaxial cells, upper laminal cells umistratose.ccccccccccccccvcccccces Jo 8. Costa with quadrate superficial adaxial cells, or, if elongate, then upper leaf margins bistratose.cccccseee lhe Leaf base auriculate or weakly winged at insertion, apex often whip-like, long-acuminate; Canada (Northwest Territories), India, Japan... 20. D. leskeoides K. Saito Leaf base not sharply flairing, apex obtuse to SHOTC—ACIMELNSL Ca o occe ded vaes 66% bu sedbCbdee ce cevee alee 10. 10. Leaves ovate to long-elliptical, apex often obtuse, costa often ending before the apex; widely distributed esses 21. De tophaceus (Brid.) Lisa 10. Leaves short- to long-lanceolate, apex acute, costa subpercurrent to short—excurrenteccccccccccccccccccce lle 11. Plants usually propaguliferous, leaves catenulate when dry, laminal cells in obvious longitudinal rows; U.S.A. (Michigan), Canada (Northwest Territories), Mexico, India (Assam), Japan.. ecccscceee 16. D. michiganensis (Steere) K. Saito ll. Plants lacking propagula, leaves appressed—incurved to weakly spreading when dry, laminal cells somewhat staggered...... 12. 12. Plants small, leaves to 2.5 mm long, laminal cells usually 8-10 pm wide; widely distributed. ccocsscccveusuuwe ecoce big De fallax (Hedw. ) Zander 12. Plants large, leaves to 5.0 mm long, laminal cells usually 10-14, PUM Wide cecccccccvcccccccceccccccvccces 3. 1978 Zander, Didymodon 17 13. Leaf margins usually edentate, upper laminal cells with 13. 15. 15. 17. 17. thick, porose cell walls; U.S.A. (Alaska), Canada (Northwest Territories, British Columbia), Europe, U.S.S.R., China, Japan.ees. 19. D. giganteus (Funck) Jur. Leaf margins occasionally weakly dentate, upper laminal cells with angular lumina but walls not or little porose; widely GAS LTADIEL Chants cde aceon athe Oba Eeeaen a bnaeew swe scdne ccccccccee 18. De rigidicaulis (C. Muell.) K. Saito 14. Leaves with a narrow, adaxial, medial channel, apex often apiculate by a conical cell, margins usually recurved, often to near the BAPCKeeccccescsccccscscsvesscscccscsece 15. 14. Leaves lacking an adaxial, medial channel, apex seldom apiculate by a conical cell, margins plane to recurved below BUA t eae céeudiwrews °in pare Plantae frutescentes in sicco perfragiles; folia alternata vel opposita. Capitula paleacea; squamae involucri ca. 3-seriatae inaequales in medio prominent- iter rubro-striatae; paleae bracteiformes; flores radii nulli; flores disci hermaphroditi, lobis laevibus, nervis in faucis binis, canalis resiniferis in faucis solitariis inter nervos rubrescentibus; thecae anther- arum pallide, cellulis endothecialibus breviter oblongis in parietibus transversalibus plerumque 2- noduliferis; appendices antherarum non glanduliferae; rami stylorum in lineis stigmataceis duplices. Achaenia prismatica costata nigrescentia pauce vel non striata; cellulae superficiales ovularum non ornatae; carpopodia inter lobos costarum obsoleta; pappus verus nullus. Grana pollinis 30-35 um in diam. Type genus: Varilla A. Gray Turner and Powell failed to cite a definite type genus for the subtribe. A new latin description has been prepared because of the altered delimitation of the subtribe. Zaluzaniinae H. Robinson, subtribus nov. Plantae herbaceae vel frutescentes; folia alternata. Capitula paleacea; receptacula convexa vel breviter conica; flores radii feminei adaxialiter papillosi apice bilobatae vel obscure trilobatae; flores disci hermaphroditi; corollae base saepe retrorse productae extus dense pubescentes, pilis obtusis vel glanduliferis, lobis intus subabrupte papillosis; thecae antherarum nigrescentes, cellulis endothecialibus brevibus subradialiter noduliferis in parietibus transversalibus ca. 4-noduliferis; append- ices antherarum glanduliferae; rami stylorum intus ubique stigmatiferis; canales resiniferi leniter vel non flavescentes, canales in faucis corollarum ad nervam solitarii plerumque distincti. Achaenia leniter compressa nigrescentia striata; cellulae superficiales ovularum non sinuosae in parietibus inornatae; pappus nullus. Grana pollinis 25 ym in diam. Type genus: Zaluzania Pers. STUDIES IN THE LIABEAE (ASTERACEAE). XIII. A NEW SPECIES OF LIABELLUM FROM NAYARIT, MEXICO. Harold Robinson Department of Botany Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC., 20560. Liabellum of southwestern Mexico has been repre- sented in the literature by three species since 1927 when the genus was established by Rydberg. At that time the genus was known only from Jalisco. Subsequent collections have extended the range of the genus northward to Nayarit and eastward to the State of Mexico, but no additional species have been proposed. Now a forth species has been encountered among speci- mens examined at the Duke University Herbarium. The 1951 collection by Howard Scott Gentry from Nayarit had been annotated as Liabum cf. palmeri A.Gray. The new species is named here after na collector. The specimen of Liabellum gentryi is a low unbranched perennial herb as is typical for the genus. The type specimen lacks the characteristic tuber but it is mentioned in the label data. In ens Rydberg key to the species the plant would run to almeri (A.Gray) Rydberg by the leaves not ie ae aT vided to the base and by the inflorescence bearing gland-tipped hairs. The scapose alternately branching inflorescence seems to confirm closest relation to that species. The new species differs from L. palmeri by numer- ous characters including a few that are rather obvious. The leaves of L. tek are completely unlobed, a feature not seen elsewhere in the genus. In L. palmeri some leaves have short lobes but lobes are always present. The Leaf undersurface shows prominent brown coloration along the veins and veinlets while L. palmeri has whitish coloration over the entire undersurface. Liabellum gentryi has generally smaller heads with fewer involucra racts. The bracts are distinctly acuminate at the tip and have white arach- noid tomentum on the outer surface contrasting with the reddish stipitate glands. The involucral bracts of L. palmeri are nearly twice as numerous with evenly tapering tips or even narrowly obtuse tips. The outer surface is densely pilose but°’not tomentose. The L5 46 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. 1 pappus setae of L. gentryi have rather truncated and sometimes slightly broadened tips and the short outer series consists of scarcely noticeable narrow squam- ellae. In L. palmeri the pappus setae have pointed tapering tips and the outer series consists of distinct rather broad squamellae. Additional specimens might show that the corollas of L. gentryi vary in pubes - cence, but the type specimen shows no glandular hairs. In L. palmeri a few long-stipitate glands are usually present on the tips of the corolla lobes. Liabellum gentryi H.Robinson, sp. nov. Plantae herbaceae perennes acaulescentes vel breviter caulescentes tuberosae. Folia basilaria opposita sessilia; laminae ovatae vel oblongo-ellipticae 9-12 cm longae et 3.0-6.2 cm latae base interdum abrupte constrictae et petioliformes margine minute irregulariter serrulatae apice obtusae supra dense sordido-pilosae et arachnoideo-tomentosae subtus dense albo-tomentosae in nervis et nervulis brunnescentes fere ad partem quartam inferiorem trinervatae vel sub- trinervatae. Inflorescentiae scaposae subcorymbosae paucicapitatae; scapis albo-tomentosis, pilis rubes- centibus, ramis alternatis 3.5-8.0 cm longis tomentosis et sparse stipitato-glanduliferis. Capitula late campanulata 10-13 mm alta et 12-16 mm lata; squamae involucri ca. 20 ca. 4-seriatae inaequales anguste ovatae vel anguste lanceolatae 6-12 mm longae et ca. 2 mn latae apice anguste acutae vel acuminatae extus albo-tomentosae et dense glanduliferae, glandulis longe stipitatis et rubescentibus. Flores ca. 25-30 in capitulo discoidei; corollae flavae anguste infundib- ulares ca. 12 mm longae extus ubique hirsutae superne Sparse tomentosae, pilis non glanduliferis, pilis hirsutii in cellulis biseriatis interdum subclavatis, tubis 5-6 mm longis, faucis ca. 3 mm longis, lobis anguste oblongis 3.0-3.5 mm longis et ca. 0.8 mm latis; filamenta in parte superiore ca. 0.4 mm longa; thecae antherarum ca. 3.5 mm longae; appendices antherarum oblongo-ovatae ca. 0.5 mm longae et 0.3 mm latae. Achaenia immatura ca. 2 mm longa dense setifera; setae pappi ca. 50 plerumque 5-8 mm longae 2-3-seriatae exteriores breviores interdum 1-2 mm longis, setae interiores apice truncatae. Grana pollinis ca. 40-45 um in diam. TYPE: MEXICO: Nayarit: Arroyo del Obispo, 31 miles southeast of Tepic. Canyon with running stream in Oak Woodland. On rocks. Perennial from tuberous root; leaves sericeous, tinged with purple; flowers yellow. August 2, 1951. H.S.Gentry 11030 (Holotype ty j ive) x) 1978 Robinson, A new species of Liabellum Li7 DUKE). Literature Cited Rydberg, A. 1927. Tribe 13. Liabeae in (Carduales) Carduaceae. Liabeae, Neurolaeneae, Senecioneae (pars). North American Flora 34 (4): 289-301. Correction Sinclairia broomeae H.Robinson This species was published as S. broomei in Phytologia 33 (4): 287. 1976. The species honors Dr. Rose Broome and should be corrected to S. broomeae. 48 P iN Da: Leh Ge tk Vol. 1, Now 1 PLANTS OF NAYARIT Fo P . “ ie] Obispo, 21 miles southezs? of Tep Esa 1 2 rea: 4 Oak 2 a fe item taseTcss foci; ieavss earicous, 21x, za ibe par? 4@; flewrs zelley. SA voces, ected by Howard Scott Gentry Liabellum gentryi H.Robinson, Holotype, Duke University... Photo by Victor E.. Krantz, Space Photographer, National Museum of Natural History. 1978 Robinson, A new species of Liabellum ho Enlargement of heads of Liabellum gentryi. Chemosystematic Notes on the Asteraceae I New Correlations in Subtribes of the Heliantheae H. Robinsonl, F. Bohlmann2 and R. M. Kingl Abstract Among the Heliantheae with paleaceous receptacles, Polyacetylenes of the dehydrofal- carinone type containing a ketone unit are correlated with the redelimited subtribes Helianthinae containing Lagascea and the Galinsoginae containing Allotspermwn. The Neurolaeninae containing Calea lack such poly- acetylenes but contain thymol derivatives. Coulterella with a thiophene type of polyacety- lene and thymol derivatives is placed in a subtribe Coulterellinae near the epaleaceous subtribes Pectidinae and Flaveriinae. Chemosystematics has enjoyed some important success in the tribe Heliantheae. In the sesquiterpene lactones Herz (1977) has shown that the Ambrosanolides are essentially restricted to the subtribe Ambrosiinae and the Helenolides are almost completely restricted to the subtribe Gaillardiinae. One group of polyacety- lenes, the epoxysulfones are found only in the Gaillardiinae (Bohlmann, 1973; Swain § Williams, 1977). The correlations were possible because of the comparatively accurate concepts of the subtribes in the traditional classifications. Chaotic concepts of other subtribes in the Heliantheae has prevented meaningful interpretation of other chemical data, however. The recent revisions of the tribes Heliantheae (Stuessy, 1977) and Helenieae (Turner § Powell, 1977) for the Reading Symposium provide a number of changes. The most significant was the reduction of the artificial subtribe Lagasceinae which had contained two genera, Lagascea and Coulterella having single- flowered heads. Unfortunately Stuessy's placement of Lagascea in the Verbesininae was already superceded by the time of publication by his correct though perhaps inadvertent placement of the genus lpepartment of Botany, Smithsonian Institution Washington, D.C. 20560 USA 2Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technical University D-1000 Berlin W. Germany 50 1978 Robinson, Bohlmann, & King, Subtribes of Heliantheae 51 in the subtribe Helianthinae (Stuessy, 1976). Stuessy in both treatments, following the suggestions of King § Robinson, removed the genus Coulterella to a position near the genus Flaveria which he placed in the Senecioneae. The present paper accepts the position of Lagascea in the Helianthinae but utilizes more extensively new data from a survey of the complete tribe Heliantheae by H. Robinson (in press) which is based heavily on anatomical characters. Significant rearrange- ments correlated with chemistry include: the redelimitation of Helianthinae to exclude Encelia and its immediate relatives, transfer of Schistocarpha to the Galinsoginae where it resides with Bebbia and Tridax, the segregation of Allotspermu of the Galinsoginae from Calea which is transferred to the Neurolaeninae (Robinson, 1978), the positioning of the Pectidinae and Flaveriinae as subtribes of the Heliantheae, and the recognition of subtribe Coulterellinae for the monotypic genus Coulterella. The full discussion of the changes should be sought in the paper by H. Robinson (in press). Chemical analyses provided by Bohlmann of Lagascea (1973, 1978a) and Coulterella (1978b in press) are of particular interest in view of the juxtaposition in older classifications and in view of the distinctive groups in which they have been placed recently. The Helianthinae have paleaceous receptacles representative of the traditional tribe Heliantheae.. The Flaveriinae lack paleae on the receptacles and are representative of the once segregated tribe Helenieae. The character of the paleae is of primary importance in the tribe but cannot be determined in single flowered heads like those of Lagascea and Coulterella. Chemical analysis of Lagascea has shown a polyacetylene of the dehydrofalcarinone type containing a ketone unit (fig. 1). The genus also contains various diterpenes, coumarins, flavanoids and sesquiterpenes. In contrast, Coulterella contains in addition to the widespread pentaynene a polyacetylene of the thiophene type (fig. 5) and several phenolics of the thymol type. (figs. 7 § 8). All of these show some significant correlations with the revised subtribal classification of the Heliantheae (Robinson, in press). The dehydrofalcarinones or similar compounds have been reported from Galinsoga, Tridax, Bebbta, Jaegeria, and Allotsper- mum of the Galinsoginae, Lagascea, Helianthus, Vigutera, Ttthonia, and Simsta of the Helianthinae and Iva of the Ambrosiinae. With the exception of Iva, this polyacetylene in addition to other constituents seems a marker for the two subtribes Helianthinae and Galinsoginae. In the same two subtribes the thiophenes are notably absent. In Iva which is not closely related to the Helianthinae or the Galinsoginae a thiophene occurs with the dehydrofalcarinone. 52 P.H 8:0; 1:0 GT Vol. 1, No.1 Encelta and Flourensta which have been excluded from the Heliantheae on anatomical basis have been examined chemically. The results are limited but dehydrofalcarinone types of polyacety- lenes have not been found. Calea which has been separated from Allotspermum and removed to the subtribe Neurolaeninae has been examined a number of times, and as in Nuerolaena, (Bohlmann 1978b in press) there are only polyacetylenes lacking ketone units (figs. 2, 3, & 4) and there are no thiophenes. Thymol derivatives are common in the Eupatorieae, Astereae and Inuleae but appear to be uncommon in the Heliantheae. They are now known from Coulterella, Calea, Neurolaena, Porophyllun, Helentum and Gatllardia. Of these, Galea and Neurolaena are placed together in the Neurolaeninae in the paleaceous Heliantheae. Porophyllum is a member of the Pectidinae, a subtribe near the Flaveriinae among the epaleaceous Heliantheae. Helentwm and Gatllardia are in the Gaillardiinae which differs by uncarbonized achenes. Certain features of Coulterella such as the fused invo- lucre and the lack of sesquiterpene-lactone-bearing capitate glands are seen also in the Pectidinae and Flaverinae. Coulter- ella contains only a simple thiophene while the Pectidinae and Flaveriinae are notable for their complex thiophenes (fig. 6). Anatomy would dictate a separate subtribal status for Coulterella but chemical and anatomical data place the subtribe close to the Pectidinae and the Flaveriinae. 1978 Robinson, Bohlmann, & King, Subtribes of Heliantheae 53 1 H9C=CHCO C=C 9CH2CH = CH (CH2)s CH= CH as in Alloispermum integrifolium and A. scabrum 2 H3C (C2C)5 CH =CHy as in Calea urticifolia 3 H3C CH=CH (C=C)9(CH =CH)9 (CH2)4 CH=CH? 4 ROCH) CH=CH (C=C)9 (CH=CH)5 (CH2)y CH =CHp B=, Ac as in Calea zacatechichi 5 H3C czc ¢ (C=C)9 C=CHo S as in Coulterella “OX \c=C CH=CH, as in Tagetes, Dyssodia & Flaveria 6) as in Coulterella \or R = Ac, COCHMe 8 O as in Coulterella Sh PHTTOLoCa ce Vol. 1, No.1 References Bohlmann, F., Burkhardt, if § Zdero, C. 1973. Naturally Occur- ring Acetylenes. Academic Press. Bohlmann, F. and Jakupovic J. 1978a. Phytochemistry 17: 1677. Uber neue Chromene und andere inhaltsstoffe von Lagascea rigtda. Herz, W. 1977. Sesquiterpene lactones in the Compositae. in the Biology and Chemistry of the Compositae, V. H. Heywood, J. Harborne § B. L. Turner (eds.) 2 vol. Academic Press. Robinson, H. 1978. Studies in the Heliantheae (Asteraceae) IX. Restoration of the genus Allotspermum. Phytologia 38(5): 411-412. Stuessy, T. F. 1976. A systematic review of the subtribe Lagasceinae (Compositae-Heliantheae). Amer. Journ. Bot. 63(9): 1289-1294. 1977. Heliantheae-systematic review. in the Biology and Chemistry of the Compositae, V. H. Heywood, J. Harborne § B. L. Turner (eds.) 2 vol. Academic Press. Swain, T. §& Williams, C. A., 1977. Heliantheae-chemical review. tn the Biology and Chemistry of the Compositae, V. H. Heywood, J. Harborne & B. L. Turner (eds.) 2 vol. Academic Press. Turner, B. L. §& Powell, A. M. 1977. Helenieae-systematic review. tn the Biology and Chemistry of the Compositae, V. H. Heywood, J. Harborne §& B. L. Turner (eds.) 2 vol. Academic Press. i Me ene ee Keys to the Flora of Florida -- 8, Helianthus (Compositae) 1 Daniel B. Ward Department of Botany, Agricultural Experiment Station University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla. ABSTRACT: An amplified key is presented to the 17 species of Heltanthus (Compositae) recognized for Florida. Habitat, dis- tribution, and synonymy are included. JHeltanthus atrorubens, H. divartcatus, H. hitrsutus, H. mtcrocephalus, H. occtdentalts, and H. restnosus are northern species found sparingly in the Panhandle. Heltanthus heterophyllus, H. strumosus, and H. flo- ridanus occur in the northern part of the state, while H. an- gusttfoltus, H. debtlts (with 3 native and one adventive sub- species), and H. radula are of wide distribution. Heltanthus agrestts and H. carnosus are endemic to central and upper pen- insular Florida, respecively. Helianthus annuus, H. argophyl- lus, and probably H. simulans are of cultivated origin. Helt- anthus glaucus and H. tuberosus are excluded. Within the southeastern Compositae, Helianthus is among the largest genera, surpassed in number of species only by Aster and Soltdago. Although many of the species are sharply distinguished, a series centering around Heltanthus strwnosus provides abundant interspecific hybrids, introgressants, and intraspecific variants. Fortunately for the Florida botanist, most of the populations in the state are peripheral to the continental centers of diversity of this group, and can readily be named. No study of this genus may be made without extensive reliance on the excellent monograph of Heltanthus by C. B. Heiser (Mem. Torrey Bot Club 22:1-218. 1969). Dr. Heiser has assisted further in providing commentary and herbarium documentation of critical Florida collections. A special note is merited with regard to Helianthus simulans. This very tall slender plant which, at least in Florida, may be entirely derived from garden escapes, was confused by Small (1933) and others with the much smaller native H. angustifolius. Small's use of disc color as the principal criterion for separating these species has led to the naming of many peninsular Florida col- lections as H. simulans. Although that species is sparingly . This paper is Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series No. 1290. 55 56 Pik EOL OG DA Vol. h1, No.1 cultivated in the Penisula, most such plants are of H. angustt- foltus with a yellow disc. The following key is provided with a reticulation to compensate for the variable disc color of this species group. Helianthus L. Sunflowers 1. Rays absent or very reduced; heads solitary, terminating a long naked scape; leaves usually 4 in a flat basal rosette, with smaller ones on the lower stem, none above; frequent perennial of moist acid sandy soils, open pine woodlands, and roadsides; throughout northern Florida (although uncommon between the Aucilla and Suwannee rivers), south to Hillsborough and Brevard counties, disjunct southward to Collier County. August - October. H. radula (Pursh) T. & G. 1. Rays prominent; heads solitary to many; leaves cauline or, if basal, ascending. 2. Annual; discs dark, the disc corollas (at least the lobes) and anther-tubes purplish. 3. Leaves and stems densely covered with silvery-gray felty pubescence; discs 2 - 3 cm. wide; plants erect, to 2 m. tall; roadsides and waste areas, sparingly cultivated and very rarely escaped, persisting populations perhaps occurring only in east peninsular Florida (Volusia County). June - July. SILVERLEAF SUNFLOWER H. argophyllus T. & G. 3. Leaves and stems glabrous to variously pubescent, but not felty. 4. Phyllaries over 4 mm. wide at base; heads large, the disc usually exceeding 2 cm. in width; plants erect, over 1 m. tall; infrequent and sporadic, an escape from cultivation; waste places and roadsides, through- out the state. June —- August. COMMON SUNFLOWER H. annuus L. 4. Phyllaries under 3 mm. wide; heads moderate, the disc 2 cm. across or smaller; plants erect or decumbent. 5. Leaf blades ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate; petioles and lower margins often with prominent stiff white hairs; plant erect, to 2 m. tall; frequent along upper St. Johns River marshes, occasional elsewhere in low pinelands, on pond margins, and along ditch- banks; endemic to central peninsular Florida, from 1978 Ward, Helianthus 57 Volusia County to Lee County (also reported from Thomas County, Georgia). August - October (December). H. agrestis Pollard 5. Leaf blades deltoid to broadly ovate; petioles and margins without prominent stiff hairs (softly hirsute in ssp. vestitus); plants erect or decum- bent. 6. Plants decumbent or nearly so; peduncles usually less than 20 cm. long. 7. Stems glabrous to hispid; leaves serrulate or shallowly and regularly serrate; frequent on dunes, east coast of Florida (St. Johns County to the upper Keys). All year. BEACH SUNFLOWER H. debilis Nutt. ssp. debilis 7. Stems hirsute; leaves rather deeply and irregularly serrate; sandy shores, infrequent; west-central coast of Florida (Pinellas County to Charlotte County). March - October. [H. vestttus E. E. Wats. ] H. debilis Nutt. ssp. vestitus (E. E. Wats.) Heiser 6. Plants erect; peduncles usually over 20 cm. long. 8. Stems green or straw colored; rays usually less than 2 cm. long; on sands just back of beach, infrequent and local; Panhandle Florida (Bay, Franklin, and Wakulla counties), south along the coast (to Sarasota County). July - December. H. debilis Nutt. ssp. tardiflorus Heiser 8. Stems conspicuously purple-mottled; rays usually 2 cm. or more long; cultivated, rarely escaping to waste areas and railroad banks (Madison, Lake counties). May - September. [H. cucumertfoltus T. & G.; H. debilis var. cucumertfoltus (T. & G.) Gray] SPECKLED SUNFLOWER H. debilis Nutt. ssp. cucumerifolius (T. & G.) Heiser 2. Perennial; discs dark (both disc corollas and anther-tubes purplish), or mixed (disc corollas yellow, the protruding anther-tubes dark purple). 58 9. Disc corollas (at least the lobes) purplish. 10. Phyllaries 2 - 4 mm. wide; largest leaves basal, usually much broader than cauline leaves. a it. 10. Phyllaries 1 - 2 mm. wide; largest leaves cauline, basal leaves usually withered or absent at flowering. i 13. Leaves usually strongly revolute-margined, linear 13. Leaves flat to weakly revolute-margined, narrowly PHYTOMOGIA Vol. 1, Now 1 Cauline leaves linear or narrowly lanceolate, differir in shape (as well as size) from the broadly lanceolat to ovate basal leaves; heads usually solitary; fre- quent in moist open pinelands; Panhandle Florida (eas to Jefferson County). July - October H. heterophyllus Nutt. Cauline leaves broadly ovate, reduced but otherwise similar to basal leaves; heads usually several; very rare; clay soil, at edge of upland woods; Panhandle Florida (Three Rivers State Park, Jackson County). [Florida range is based upon: A. Gholson, 22 Sept 1978, FLAS, FSU. Although this species is common in the Carolinas, its frequency rapidly thins south- ward and the Florida report by E. E. Watson (in Small, 1933) could not be confirmed by Heiser (1969).] September. H. atrorubens L. Leaves not conspicuously undulate-margined; outer phyllaries acute to slightly acuminate. to lanceolate, usually more than 10 times as long as broad, seldom over 8 mm. wide; rhizomes poorly developed or lacking; stems seldom above 1 m. tall; moist ditch and stream banks, low meadows, prairie and pine flatwoods, common; throughout western and northern Florida (except perhaps the Suwannee drainage), south to Lee and St. Lucie counties. (June) September - December. SWAMP SUNFLOWER H. angustifolius L. to broadly lanceolate, usually over 8 mm. wide, about 5 times as long as broad; rhizomes well developed; very robust plant, to 2.5 m. and above; low thickets, edge of fresh and brackish marshes; local but conspicuous, at times apparently spreadit from cultivation, Panhandle Florida (east to Madis County). [This species is the most frequently cul tivated Heltanthus in northern Florida, although 1978 Ward, Helianthus 59 it is largely overlooked in formal horticultural literature. All feral populations in Florida may be of cultivated origin.] September - October. GULF SUNFLOWER H. simulans E. E. Wats. 12. Leaves usually undulate-margined, lanceolate to ovate, rarely more than 5 times as long as broad; outer phyllaries often obtuse; infrequent in swampy Pinelands and on pond margins; northeast Florida, south to Lake and Seminole counties. September - October. H. floridanus Gray ex Chapm. 9. Disc corollas yellow (the protruding anther-tubes dark purple). 14. 14. Leaves and stem entirely glabrous; leaves linear, some- what thick and fleshy, mostly basal; heads solitary, on long leafless scape; local, but conspicuous when in flower, slash pine flatwoods, northeast Florida (Duval to Volusia counties); endemic. June — July H. carnosus Small Leaves or stem pubescent or scabrous, at least in part; leaves more or less resinous-dotted below. 15. Phyllaries 3 - 5 mm. wide at base, those of mature heads recurved; leaves alternate above and usually opposite below; stem hispid, more so distally; edge of dry oak hammocks, very local; northwest Florida (Jackson and Gadsden counties). August - September. [H. tomentosus, misapplied] H. resinosus Small 15. Phyllaries 1 - 3 mn. wide, appressed or spreading but not recurved; leaves alternate or opposite. 16. Leaves mostly alternate; stem scabrous to pubes- cent, at least toward base. Return to couplet #12, above. 16. Leaves opposite or the reduced upper ones alter- nate; if alternate, the stem wholly smooth. 17. Heads small (the disc 1 cn. across or less), frequently numerous; leaves with distinct non- winged petioles, opposite below, opposite or alternate above; stem glabrous; dry woods, rare; Panhandle Florida (Okaloosa, Washington, Gadsden counties). August - September. H. microcephalus T. & G. 60 : PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, Now 1 17. Heads medium (the disc 1 - 2.5 cm. across), usually few; leaves uniformly opposite, at lea below the inflorescence; stem glabrous or hirst 18. Leaves largely basal or low on the stem; petioles sharply defined, long (2 - 5 cm.); dry open pineland, rare; central Panhandle Florida (Walton, Holmes, Washington countie July - September. [All Florida collections are of ssp. occtdentalts, with scabrous leaves. ] H. occidentalis Riddell 18. Leaves cauline, mostly median on the stem; petioles indistinct and short, or absent. 19. Leaves usually petiolate, the petioles short (1 - 2 cm.) and gradating into cuneate base of blade. 20. Stems coarsely hirsute, at least at nodes; phyllaries strigose on back (as well as ciliate on margins); robust plant, to 2 m. tall; dry sandy oak ridges, rare; Panhandle Florida (Walt County); tending to intergrade with d. strumosus. September. H. hirsutus Raf. 20. Stems essentially glabrous; phyllaries glabrous or nearly so on back (the margins ciliate); dry pinelands and clay hillsides, infrequent; north Florida (east from Jackson County, south to Marion County). July - Septe ber. [H. montanus E. E. Wats. ] H. strumosus L. 19. Leaves sessile, the base rounded to sub- cordate; stems essentially glabrous; dry oak woods, rare; north Florida (Jackson and Columbia counties). July - August. H. divaricatus L. Excluded Species Helianthus glaucus Small This name was attributed to Florida by E. E. Watson (in Small, 1933) but is believed by Heiser (1969) to apply to a hybrid between H. divartcatus and H. mtcrocephalus. These species have not been found together in Florida, and the hybrid seems not to occur in the state. 1078 Ward, Helianthus 61 Helianthus tuberosus L. Jerusalem-artichoke. This northern plant is widely spread through cultivation and has been grown as far south as Gainesville, Alachua County. A record for Leon County (Heiser, 1969) is probably best taken as representing a momentary relic from cultivation since the species is not known to occur there at the present time. Jerusalem-artichoke is related to H. hirsutus and H. strwnosus, although separated by the presence of tuber-bearing roots. ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS CITHAREXYLUM. XIII Harold N. Moldenke CITHAREXYLUM COOPERI Standl. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 0: 92. 1978. Recent collectors have found this plant growing on steep slopes with Montane Rainforest vegetation and on limestone-fissured ridges on the Lower Montane Rainforest with Quercus, Billia, Per sea, Nectandra, Mirandaceltis, Turpinia, and Callatola, at 800— 900 meters altitude, fruiting in September and October. Material has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as C. crassifolium Greenm., C. hexangulare Greenm., and C. hirtellum Standl, The Dodson 6002, distributed as perhaps C. cooperi, actually is C. poeppigii Walp., while Breedlove 20250 appears better placed as C. hexangulare var. latifolium Moldenke. Additional citations: MEXICO: Chiapas: Breedlove 2815 (Mi, N); Breedlove & Thorne 2095) (Mi). CITHAREXYLUM CRASSIFOLIUM Greenn. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 31: 338 & 348 (1975) and 32: 196 & 219. 1975. Breedlove encountered this species in a montane rainforest with Hauya, Pimus, Clusia, Ficus, Persea, and Calatola, at 800 me altitude, fruiting in February. Material of C. crassifolium has been misidentified and dis- tributed in some herbaria as C. donnell-smithii Greenm. On the other hand, the Breedlove 28145, distributed as C. crassifolium, actually is C. cooperi Standl., while Steyermark 3219 is C. donnell-smithii Greenm. and Steyermark 280 & 42845 are C. stey- ermarkii Moldenke. Additional citations: MEXICO: Chiapas: Breedlove 33023 (Mi, Mi). CITHAREXYLUM DAWEI Moldenke This taxon is now regarded as conspecific with C. karsteni Mol- denke, which see. CITHAREXYLUM DECORUM Moldenke Additional bibliography: Lépez-Palacios, Bol. Soc. Venez. Ci- enc. Nat. 31: 354-355, 358, 371, & 373—375. 1975; Moldenke, Phy- tologia 31: 38--350 & 49. 1975; Lépez—Palacios, Fl. Venez. Verb. 22-227 & 647, fig. 50. 19773 Re Fe Sme, Act. Bot. Venez. 13: 193, 205, & 26h. 1978. Tliustrations: Lépez-Palacios, Fl. Venez. Verb. [226], fig, 50. 1977; R. Fe. Sme, Act. Bot. Venez. 13: 26). 1978. Blanco describes the fruit of this species as "reddish-green", 62 1978 Moldenke, Notes on Citharexylum 63 found it in fruit in August, and reports the vernacufar name, “cazabito". Smith (1978) records the species from Lara, Venezu- ela, and list the name, "cuatro filas", for it. Lépez-Palacios (1977) cites from Venezuela: Falc6n: Lasser & Foldats 3087. Federal District: Lépez—Palacios 3087. Lara: Rs T. Smit Smith V V.869« Trujillo: Pittier 10738, 10769, 12656. Yaracuy? Blanco neo 91h. ~ Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Yaracuy: C. A. Blanco 91h (W—2777195) . CITHAREXYLUM DENTATUM D. Don Additional bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 10h. 1858; G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 248 (1830), ed. 2, 2448 (1832), and ed. 3, 248, 1839; Moldenke, Phytologia 31: 350 & * 39), (1975) and 32: 63. 1975; Soukup, Biota 11: 9. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 33. 1977. Ellenberg encountered this plant in evergreen high montane bush=woods at 2825 meters altitude. Additional citations: PERU: Junin: Ellenberg 3760 (2). CITHAREXYLUM DISCOLOR Turcz. Additional bibliography: Lépez—Palacios, Bol. Soc. Venez. Ci- enc. Nat. 31: 386. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 31: 3h5 & 350—351. 1975. Additional citations: HISPANIOLA: Dominican Republic: Ekman H.12773 (Ld). CITHAREXYLUM DONNELL-SMITHII Donn, Sm. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 31: 36, 38, & 351-352 (1975) and 32: Sh & 70. 1975; Molina R., Ceiba 19: 95. 1975; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 61: AC1.580. 1976. Recent collectors describe this species as a tree, 20-—-l,0 feet tall, the leaves firmly membranous, rich-green and shiny above, lighter grass-green beneath, the inflorecences nodding, the flow- ers sweet-smelling, and the calyx pale-green. They encountered it in ravines, on and along rounded slopes, on steep, and on steep and heavily wooded slopes with Quercus and Drimys, in evergreen cloud-forests or montane rainforests, at altitudes of 800—2700 meters, fruiting in Jamuary and August. Taylor reports its use to produce shade in coffee plantations. The corollas are said to have been "white" on Breedlove & Thorne 21078 and on Steyermark 43219. Material of this species has been misidentified and distribu- ted in some herbaria as C. crassifolium Greemm. and C. hexangu- lare Greemm. On the other hand, the Dwyer & Coomes 12928, dis- tributed as C. donnell-smithii, actually is C. '. hexangulare Greenn., while Mori & D: Dressler 7773 is C. ee Greemm. and Steyer- mark 1,280 & 428h5 are aye steyermar 4 Moldenke. Additional citations: MEXICO: pol Breedlove 26817 (Ld, Mi), 6h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 41, Now 1 29207 (Ld, N), 41453 (N); Breedlove & Raven 1373 (Ld); Breedlove & Smith 32080 (Mi); Breedlove & Thorne 21078 ) (Mi) 5 Laughlin 153 (Ld); Ton 3888 (Ld). GUATEMALA: Zacapa: J. A. Steyerma a 113219 (N). COSTA RICA: Alajuela: Kupper 935 (Mu). San José: J. Taylor 17539 (N, W--2770968). PANAMA: Chiriquf: Croat 2697) (W— 3788962) ; A. Gentry 600) (Ld); Proctor 31956 (Ld). CITHAREXYLUM DRYANDERAE Moldenke Additional bibliography: Lépez-Palacios, Bol. Soc. Venez. Ci- enc. Nat. 31: 366. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 31: 353 (1975) and 32s 225. 1975. CITHAREXYLUM ELLIPTICUM Sessé & Moc. Additional bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 105. 1858; Moldenke, Phytologia 32: 9 & 70. 1975. The Davidses found this species growing on dunes with scattered low trees and shrubs and with grassy areas dominated by Sporobolus jacquemontii, at 40 meters altitude, and describe the fruit as "turning red". Others have found it among dense dune vegetation at sealevel and describe it as "bushy, 7 feet tall", flowering in. November. The corollas are said to have been "white" on King 11)3 & 2706, Lasseigne 4912, Thorne & Lathrop 0477, and Ventura A. 5395. ~ Linden 71 is a mixture of C, ellipticum and Iresine celosioides, Isachne ventricosa, and Pilea pubescens, while Paxson, Webster, & Barkley 17M626 17M626, distributed as C. ellipticum, is not verbenaceous. Additional | citations: MEXICO: Veracruz: Davidse & Davidse 9329 (Ld); Re M. King 1093 (Au—21166, Ld), 1143 (Au--2116), Ld), 2706 (Au--18),959); La Lasseigne 1,912 (Mi, N); L Linden 71 in part (Mi); Thorne & Lathrop 0477 (Ld); Troll 6 (Mu); Ventura A. 5395 (Au). CITHAREXYLUM FLABELLIFOLIUM S. Wats. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 31: 354. 1975; ee Lowe, Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co. Contrib. Sci. 285: 7. 1976. Moran describes this plant as a stiff shrub to 1.7 m. tall, with a spread of m., stout spinose branches, and "purple" corollas with darker veins. It has been collected in fruit in September (in addition to the months previously reported). Additional citations: MEXICO: Sonora: D. F. Howe sen. [2h Septem- ber 1967] (Sd--80737). GULF OF CALIFORNIA ISLANDS: Carmen: R. V. Moran 18185 (Sd—767:7) . CITHAREXYLUM FLEXUOSUM (Ruiz & Pav.) D. Don Additional synonymy: Citharexylum flexuosum D. Don apud Schau. in A. DC., Prodr. 11: 610, in syn. 187. Additional bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 105 & 147. 1858; Moldenke, Phytologia 31: 338, 339, & 354--355 (1975) 1978 Moldenke, Notes on Citharexylum 65 and 32: 227. 19753 Anon., Biol. Abstr. 61: AC1.580. 1976; Soukup, Biota 11: 9. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: )1. 1977. CITHAREXYLUM FRUTICOSUM L. Additional synonymy: Citharexylon arbor americana, etc. Pluk. apud Lépez-Palacios, Fl. Venez. Verb. 228, in syn. 1977. Cithar— exylon arbor laurifolia, americana, etc. Pluk. apud Lépez-Palacios, Fl. Venez. Verb. 228, in syn. 1977. Citharexylon caudatum Sagra apud Lépez-Palacios, Fl. Venez. Verb. 228, in syn. 1977. Cithar- exylon cinereun Sessé & Moc. apud Lépez—Palacios, Fl. Venez. Verb. 228, in syn. 1977. Citharexylon fruticosum, cortice cinereo, etc. P. Browne apud Lépez-Palacios, Fl. Venez. Verb. 228, in syn. 1977. Citharexylon quadrangulare Griseb. apud Lépez-Palacios, Fl. Venez. Verb. 228, in syn. 1977. Citharexylon villosum Champ. apud Lépez- Palacios, Fl. Venez. Verb. 228, in syn. 1977. Citharexylon villo- sum Griseb. apud Lépez—Palacios, Fl. Venez. Verb. 228, in syn. 1977. Citharexylon spicatum Ryam apud Lépez-Palacios, Fl. Venez. Verb. 228, in syn. 1977. Citharexylon villosum var. glaberrimum C. Wright apud Lépez—Palacios, Fl. Venez. Verb. 228, in syn. 1977. Citharexylon arbor americana [Pluk.] apud Lépez-Palacios, Fl. Ven- ez. Verb. 647. 1977. Citharexylon arbor laurifolia [Pluk.] apud Lépez—Palacios, Fl. Venez. Verb. 67. 1977. Citharexylon frutico- sum, cortice cinereo, etc. P. Browne apud Lépez-Palacios, Fl. Ven- ez. Verb. 228, in syn. 1977. Citharexylum fruticosum cortice cinereo [P. Browne] apud Lépez-Palacios, Fl. Venez. Verb. 67, in syn. 1977. Citharexylum spicatum [Ryam] apud Lépez-Palacios, Fl. Venez. Verb. 67, in syn. 1977. Additional bibliography: Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 1: 323 (1826) and ed. 2, 417. 1830; G. Don in Loud, Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 248 (1830) and ed. 2, 248. 18323 Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 551. 18323 G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 28. 1839; Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 551. 1339; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 10h. 1858; M.F. Baker, Fla. Wild Fls., ed. 2, imp. 1, 190. 1938; Perez—Arbelaez, Pl. Util. Colomb., ed. 2, 71. 1956; R. W. Long, Fla. Sci. 37: 35. 197k; Dod & Fortuna, Bot. Jard. Bot. Mos- coso 2 (3): 16. 19753 L&pez—Palacios, Bol. Soc. Venez. Cienc. Nat. 31: [353], 355—358, 361, 363, 364, 369, 370, 372, & 375—379. 1975; Zimmerm. & Ziegler in Zimmer. & Milburn, Transp. Pl. 1 [Pir— son & Zimmer., Encycl. Pl. Physiol., ser. 2, 1]: 502. 19753; Mol- denke, Phytologia 32: 19, 53, 57, 59, 62, 64, 65, 196, & 200 (1975) and 34: 248, 253, & 254. 19763 Anon., Biol. Abstr. 61: ACI: 580. 1976; M. F. Baker, Fla. Wild Fls., ed. 2, imp. 2, 190. 1976; Cro- Well & Crowell, Nat. Hist. 85 (8): 53. 1976; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.28: 258. 19763 Long & Lakela, Fl. Trop. Fla., ed. 2, 738, 93h, & 939. 1976; Jiménez & Liogier, Moscosoa 1 (2): 19. 1977; Liogier, Bol. Jard. Bot. Raf. Mosc. 4: 5. 19773 Lépez—Palacios, Fl. Venez. Verb. 220—-222, 228-23, & 647, fig. 51. 19775; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 64: 657. 1977; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 31, 39, & 16h. 66 PHYTOL OC DA Vol. 1, No. 1 1977; Poppeton, Shuey, & Sweet, Fla. Scient. 0: 38). 1977; Powell, Econ. Bot. 31: 419 & 22. 1977; Liogier, Moscosoa 1: 37. 1978; Moldenke, Phytologia 0: 488. 1978. Additional illustrations: Crowell & Crowell, Nat. Hist. 85 (8): Z wig 1976; Lépez—Palacios, Fl. Venez. Verb. [229], fig. Recent collectors describe this plant as a shrub, 2 meters tall, or a tree, 8 feet tall, the flowers with the scent of lilac (Syrin- ga vulgaris), the fruit drupaceous, at first green, then turning orange or vermillion, finally black, fleshy, glossy. They have found it growing in open coppices and on ridge tops in brushy vege= tation along roadsides, flowering in May and June. Adams errone- ously refers to the fruit as "berries". Fosberg found the plant "occasional". The corollas are said to have been "white" on Austin & Conroy 474, Correll & Proctor 148907, and J. J. Jiménez 831, Don (1830), Sweet (1830), and Loudon (1832) all list this spe- cies as cultivated in British gardens in their day, introduced from the West Indies in 1739 and known as the "ash=coloured fiddle—wood", Liogier (1978) cites Liogier 23033. The Correll, Campbell, & Sprount 4728, Correll & Evans 4,012, and Correll & Wasshausen ),}6717, distributed as typical C. frutico- sum, are actually f. bahamense (Millsp. Moldenke, while Jo. Churchill s.n. [19 December 1968] and D. S. Correll 45,77 are f. subvillosum (Moldenke) Moldenke, J. A. Churchill s.n. [8 May 1969] is var. villosum (Jacq.) 0. E. Schulz, Correll & Hill 15337 is C. caudatum L., Thorne & Lathrop 077 is C. ellipticum Sessé & Moc., C. D. Adams 1136), isC. xhybridum Moldenke, and Proctor 28135 and Wilbur, Dunn, Hespenheide, & Wiseman 8236 are C. spino- sum L. ~ Jiménez encountered the species at 550 meters altitude in the Dominican Republic. Liogier (1978) records the vernacular name, "penda", while Lépez-Palacios, in a personal communication to me, records "cajuaro" from Venezuela. This distinguished worker also (1977) cites from Venezuela the following: Falc6n: Breteler 31h; Madriz 30; Ruiz-Terdn 2080; Ruiz-Ter4n & Lépez—Palacios 10231. Sucre: Aristeguieta & Agostini 17693 Broadway 118; Ruiz-Teran & Lépez—Palacios 9891. Additional citations: FLORIDA: Dade Co.: Meebold 2757) (Mu, Mu). BAHAMA ISLANDS: Crooked: D. S. Correll 4357 (N); Correll & Proc- tor 8907 (N). Inagua: Austin & Conroy 7h (N). TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS: North Caicos: Buden 9 (Lv). JAMAICA: C. D. Adams 888) (Mu). HISPANIOLA: Dominican Republic: J. J. Jiménez 831 (N). Haiti: Ekman H.830 (Ld). PUERTO RICO: Stimson 3025 (Ld). VIRGIN ISLANDS: St. Croix: Fosberg & Ogden 55329 (W——27)13953) « CITHAREXYLUM FRUTICOSUM f. BAHAMENSE (Millsp.) Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 31: )8—lh9 & 1978 Moldenke, Notes on Citharexylum 67 453 (1975), 34s 253 (1976), and 36: 31. 1977. Recent collectors describe this plant as a shrub, tree, or sapling, 3 m. tall, growing "in a coppice on a rise above mangrove swamps", flowering in June, fruiting in February and December, the mature fruit black. Additional citations: BAHAMA ISLANDS: Acklin: Correll, Campbell, & Sprunt 4728 (N). North Andros: Correll & Evans 012 (N). San Salvador: Correll & Wasshausen 16717 (N, W—2797479) . CULTIVATED: Morocca: Lewalle 8582 (Z). CITHAREXYLUM FRUTICOSUM var. BRITTONII Moldenke Additional synonymy: Citharexylum brittoni [Moldenke] apud Lé- pez-Palacios, Fl. Venez. Verb. 647, in syn. 1977. Additional bibliography: Lépez=Palacios, Bol. Soc. Venez. Ci- enc. Nat. 31: [353], 357—358, 373, & 378-379. 19753 Moldenke, Phytologia 31: 49. 19753 Lépez—Palacios, Fl. Venez. Verb. 22h, 232—-23h, & 647, fig. 52. 1977. Illustrations: Lépez-Palacios, Fl. Venez. Verb. [233], fig. 52. 1977. Philcox and his associates call this plant a shrub, 1.5 m. tall, the fruit (in July) "ripening dull dark-orange", and found it grow- ing on a beach, misidentifying it as var. subvillosum Moldenke. Lépez—-Palacios (1977) cites from Venezuela the following collec- tiobs: Anzo4tegui: Karsten s.n. Bolfvar: Steyermark 86556, 88236, 88829. Delta Amacuro: Curran & Haman 1309, 1316. Federal District: Delgado 421. In a personal communication to me he lists "coralito" as a vernacular name in Venezuela. Additional citations: TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: Trinidad: Philcox, Wood, & Kalbo 752 (N). CITHAREXYLUM FRUTICOSUM var. SMALLII Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 31: 8 & 450 (1975) and 3: 253. 1976. Recent collectors refer to this as a l-meter tall sapling, very fructiferous, and found it growing in open coppices, fruiting in Jamary. Additional & emended citations: BAHAMA ISLANDS: North Andros: Andros: D. S. Correll 4348 (Ld, Ld, N), 43516 (Ld, N, 2). CITHAREXYLUM FRUTICOSUM f. SUBSERRATUM (Sw.) Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 16h. 1977. Additional bibliography: Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 1: 323 (1826) and ed. 2, 17. 1830; G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 28 (1830) and ed. 2, 248. 1832; Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 551. 1832; G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 28. 1839; Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 551. 1839; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 105. 1858; Moldenke, Phytologia 31: 50--451 (1975), 32: 198—200 (1975), and 36: 39 & 16. 1977; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 6: 657). 1977. Don (1830), Sweet (1830), and Loudon (1832) all list this plant 68 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No.1 as growing in British gardens in their day, introduced from His- paniola in 1819, and known as the "subserrate fiddle-wood", It seems most probable that this is merely a juvenile form of the species, since dentate leaves are seen on juvenile specimens and on watersprouts in other species of the gemus. In line with current practice, it has seemed best to reduce the taxon from varietal to form rank. Its very limited distribution, however, as compared to the species as a whole, is perplexing and may possible indicate something more than mere form rank. It has been encountered at al= titudes of 375 to 1000 meters. Additional citations: HISPANIOLA: Dominican Republic: Ekman H. 13025 (Ld). Haiti: Ekman H.1372 (Ld). CITHAREXYLUM FRUTICOSUM f. SUBVILLOSUM (Moldenke) Moldenke, Phyto- logia 36: 16. 1977. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 32: 9 (1975), 3h: 253 & 254 (1976), and 36: 164. 1977; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 6): 6574. 1977. In line with current taxonomic practice, it has been thought best to reduce this taxon from varietal to form rank. The Philcox, Wood, & Kalbo 752, distributed as var. subvillos- um, is perhaps better regarded as representing var. brittonii Mol- denke, although the thick leaf-blades seem unusual for that taxon. Additional citations: FLORIDA: Dade Co.: J. A. Churchill s.n. [19 December 1968] (Ln--23000)). BAHAMA ISLANDS: Walker's: D. S. Correll 5477 (N). PUERTO RICO: Sintenis 720b (Ac). VIRGIN IS- LANDS: St. Croix: Fosberg & Ogden 55329 (N). CULTIVATED: Morocco: Lewalle 8581 (Z). CITHAREXYLUM FRUTICOSUM var. VILLOSUM (Jacq.) 0. E. Schulz Additional bibliography: Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 1: 323 (1826) and ed. 2, 17. 1830; G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 28 (1830), ed. 2, 248. 18323 Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 551. 1832; G. Don in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 28. 1839; Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 551. 1839; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 105. 1858; Coult., Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 2: 330. 1892; Lépez-Palacios, Bol. Soc. Venez. Cienc. Nat. 31: 375. 19753; Moldenke, Phytologia 32: 9, 57, & 69 (1975), 3h: 248 (1976), and 36: 39. 1977. Churchill found this plant growing in sandy scrubland. Don (1830), Sweet (1830), and Loudon (1832) all list this plant as grow- ing in British gardens in their day, introduced from the West In- dies in 178) and known as the “hairy—leaved fiddle-wood". The C. villosum recorded by Coulter (1892) as from "Southern Texas and Mexico" actually is C. berlandieri B. 1. Robinson. The Ekman H.1372 & H.13025, distributed as var. villosum, actually represent f. subserratum (Sw.) Moldenke. Additional citations: FLORIDA: Biscayne Key: J. A. Churchill sen. [8 May 1969] (Ln—229696). ‘+t oe 1978 Moldenke, Notes on Citharexylum 69 CITHAREXYLUM GENTRYI Moldenke, Phytologia 35: 276. 1977. Bibliography: Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 6h: 2433. 1977; Moldenke, Phytologia 35: 276 (1977) and 36: 33. 1977; Dodson & Gentry, Sel= byana : xiii, 576, 578, 579, 605, & 615, pl. 271B. 1978. Illustrations: Dodson & Gentry, Selbyana : 579, pl. 271B. 1978. Collectors describe this species as a large tree, to 20 m. tall, and have found it growing on riverbanks, at 150—300 m. altitude, flowering in October, fruiting in July. Dodson & Gentry (1978) cite Dodson & al. 6002, 6348, & 6575 from Los Rfos, Ecuador. Citations: ECUADOR: ee me A Dodson & Gentry 638 (Ld), 6575 (Z—type). Napos Grubb, Lloyd, Pennington, & Whitmore 176 (Ny. CITHAREXYLUM GLABRUM (S. Wats.) Greemm, Additional bibliography: Hinton & Rzedowski, Anal. Esc. Nac. Cienc. Biol. 21: 8. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 31: 53. 1975. CITHAREXYLUM GLAZIOVII Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 31: 53 (1975) and 32: 195. 1975. CITHAREXYLUM GLEASONIANUM Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 31: 453 (1975) and 0: 488. 1978. Recent collectors describe this as a "regular" tree, 2 m. tall with green fruit in July, and have encountered it in primary oak woods at 2300 m. altitude. Material of C. gleasonianum has been misidentified and distrib- uted in some herbaria as C. affine D. Don, a very closely related taxon. On the other hand, the Rosas R. 862, previously cited by me as C. gleasonianum, seems better placed as C. ligustrinun Van Houtte. Additional citations: MEXICO: Veracruz: Kerber 258 (Mi); Nevling & Gomez-Pompa 2165 (N). CITHAREXYLUM HERRERAE Mansf. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 31: Sl. 19753 Soukup 11: 9. 1976. 3 CITHAREXYLUM HEXANGULARE Greenm. Additional bibliography: Schau. in A. DC., Prodr. 11: 613. 187; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 10). 1858; *Moldenke, Phytologia 32: 9, 70, 226, & 227 (1975) and 0: 5h. 1978. Recent collectors describe this species as a tree, to 25 feet tall, and have found it in fruit in November on "a fissured 1ime- stone ridge in Lower Montane Rainforest with Quercus, Billia, Perses, Nectandra, Mirandaceltis, Turpinia, and Calatola". It has been en- countered at 900—-1000 meters altitude. Linden 11 is a mixture of C. hexangulare, Pteris aculeata, and Salix bonplandiana. Material of C. hexangulare has been misidenti- fied and distributed in some herbaria as C. donnell-smithii Greenm. 70 Pow PT Olt Mea Pk Vol. 1, No.1 On the other hand, the Breedlove & Thorne 21078, distributed as C. hexangulare, actually is C. donnell-smithii Greenm., while Lundell & Lundell 76709 is C. hexangulare var. brevifolium Moldenke and Breedlove 20250, Breedlove & Thorne 30775, and Molina R., Williams, Burger, & Wallenta 17478 are C. hexa are var. latifolium Mol- denke e Additional citations: MEXICO: Chiapas: Breedlove & Smith 21661 (Ld, Mi, N). Jalisco: R. McVaugh 20632 (Au—2351)67) « “Oaxaca: Santos 3818 (Au—-263165). Veracruz: Li: Linden 11 in part (Mi); Ven- turi A. 3333 (Au--303677). GUATEMALA: El Petén: Contreras 1831 hit ge BELIZE: Dwyer & Coomes 12928 (W—2787796); Peck 567 N). CITHAREXYLUM HEXANGULARE var. BREVIFOLIUM Moldenke, Phytologia 0: Sh. 1978. Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 0: 5). 1978. The wa collection of this taxon was previously cited by me as typical C. hexangulare Greenm., but examination of a large series of recent collections indicates that it is sufficiently different to warrant nomenclatural recognition, albeit only on the varietal level. Citations: MEXICO: Quintana Roo: Lundell & Lundell 7679 (Ld— isotype, Mi--isotype, Mi--isotype, N—typ Dien. Por ee tye HEXANGULARE var. LATIFOLIUM Moldenke, Phytologia 0: Sh. 1978. Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 0: 5). 1978. The material cited below has been distributed as and in some cases previously cited by me as C. cooperi Standl., C. hexangulare Greenm., or C. viride Moldenke. Collectors describe the plant as a tree, 6.5--10 m. tall, and have found it growing in cutover for- est areas, in barrancas, and on fissured limestone ridges with Low- er Montane Rainforest vegetation of Quercus, Billia, Persea, Nectan- dra, Mirandaceltis, Turpinia, and Calatola, at % 900—-1000 me neters rs al- titade, flowering in February and fruiting in October and December. The corollas are said to have been "white" on Molina R. & al. 17,78. This taxon needs further study, especially in its relationships — to C. cooperi, C. hirtellum, and C. viride, all of which it closely resembles. Citations: MEXICO: Chiapas: Breedlove 20259 (Ld, Mi, N); Breed- love & Thorne 30775 (Mi, N). COSTA RICA: Miajaslas Molina Re, +, Wil- liams, Burger, & Wallenta 17478 (N—type). CITHAREXYLUM HIDALGENSE Moldenke Additional bibliography: Hinton & Rzedowski, Anal. Esc. Nac. Ci- enc. Biol. 21: 48. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 31: 55 (1975) and 322 63 & 200. 1975. Recent collectors describe the fruitsof this species as red and 1978 Moldenke, Notes on Citharexylum 71 translucent -- Moore & Wood erroneously refer to them as "berries", The plant has been encountered on "steep rocky slopes adjacent to streams" and "along streams at base of hillsides in forests below when Podocarpus reichii is abundant". It has been collected in fruit in August. Additional citations: MEXICO: Hidalgo: Moore & Wood 339 (Mi), 4500 (Mi); Pringle 8969 (Ln—699l,9--isotype). Puebla: Donoghue 28 (Ld); Gibson & Gibson 2587 (Id); Reiche 717 (Mu). CITHAREXYLUM HINTONI Moldenke Additional bibliography: Hinton & Rzedowski, Anal. Esc. Nac. Ci- enc. Biol. 21: 31 & 48. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 31: 55. 1975. CITHAREXYLUM HIRTELLUM Standl. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 32: 9 & 226. 1975. Recent collectors describe the flowers of this species as frag- rant and have found it in anthesis in May. The corollas on Proctor 31976 are said to have been "white". The Breedlove & Thorne 2095), distributed as C. hirtellum, seems better placed as C. cooperi Standl. Additional citations: MEXICO: Chiapas: Breedlove & Raven 13625 (Ld). PANAMA: Chiriqufi: Proctor 31976 (Ld). CITHAREXYLUM xHYBRIDUM Moldenke Additional bibliography: Lépez—Palacios, Bol. Soc. Venez. Cienc. Nat. 31: 357 & 358. 19753; Moldenke, Phytologia 31: 57 (1975), 32: 56 (1975), and 3h: 254. 1976. Adams describes this plant as a shrub, 8 feet tall, the stems brittle, with pithy centers, and the corollas white. He encounter-= ed it at the margin of mangrove association, at an altitude of 10 feet, flowering in July. Additional citations: JAMAICA: C. D. Adams 1136) (Mu, Mu). CITHAREXYLUM ILICIFOLIUM H.B.K. Additional bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 105 & 147. 1858; Moldenke, Phytologia 31: 57-458 (1975) and 32: 60, 63, & 68. 1975; Soukup, Biota ll: 9. 1976. Recent collectors describe this species as a shrub, 2--3 meters tall, the leaves opposite or ternate, the fruit dark-purple to black or "castaflo-verdésulo", and have encountered it on riverbanks and in Eucalyptus forests, at 2900 meters altitude, flowering in February and December. The corollas are said to have been "white" on Hudson 1162, Humbles 610, and Lépez=Palacios )167. Additional citations: ECUADOR: Azuay: Lépez=Palacios 167 (Ld). Pichincha: Hudson 1162 (W—-2788537); Humbles 6140 (N). CITHAREXYLUM ILTISII Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 31: 458-59. 1975; Soukup, Biota 11: 9. 1976. 72 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. hl, Now 1 CITHAREXYLUM INTEGERRIMUM (Kuntze) Moldenke Additional bibliozraphy: Moldenke, Phytologia 31: 59 (1975) and 32: 64 & 226. 1975. The Kupper 152, distributed as C, integerrimun, actually is C. schottii Greenm. ay. CITHAREXYLUM xJAMAICENSE Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 31: 59 (1975) and O: 491. 1978. Recent collectors describe this plant as a slender tree, 18—20 feet tall, the flowers sweet-scented, the corollas white and have found it growing at the edge of woods, at 2300-2750 feet, flower= ing in March and May, and fruiting in March. Most of the collections cited below were previously cited by me as C. fruticosum L., but it seems to me now that they probably represent the present hybrid. Additional citations: JAMAICA: C. D. Adams 10812 (Mu, Mu); Ander- son & Sternberg 309) (Ld, Mi); Harris 887) (B, Bm, Bm, N), 11065 (Bm, N, W--699857); Hespenheide, Hespenheide, Calver, & Ricklefs 976 (Ld), 1391 (Ld); Shreve s.n. [Mt. Diablo, May 28, 1906] (N). a. CITHAREXYLUM JORGENSENII (Lillo) Moldenke Additional bibliography: Holdenke, Phytologia 31: 59—-1160 . 1975. Recent collectors describe this plant as a treelet, l, meters tall, the immature fruit subglobose and green, and have encounter= ed it on the dry slopes of quebradas, at 1650 meters altitude, fruiting in November. Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Salta: Schiavono, Cuezzo, Fig~ ueroa, & Legname 11628c (N). CITHAREXYLUM JURGENSENI Brig. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 31: 460. 1975. Additional citations: MEXICO: Nayarit: R. McVaugh 18920 (Ld). CITHAREXYLUM KARSTENI Moldenke Additional synonymy: Citharexylum dawei Moldenke in Fedde, Rep- ert. Sp. Nov. 37: 220—221. 193k. Additional & emended bibliography: Moldenke in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 37: 220—-221 & 227—-228. 1935 A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Sup- pl. 9: 67. 1938; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Avicen. 19 & 20. 1939; Moldenke, Alph. List Common Names 2. 19395 Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 1], 31, 32, & 88. 19425 Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 96. 195; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 1: 10, 145, 169, 221, & 243 (19k6) and 2: 337, h2h, 603, & 643. 1948; A. L. & He Ne Moldenke, Pl. Life 2: 55 & 66. 198; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Dis- trib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 59, 62, & 179. 19493; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 3: 691, 758, 805, & 885 (19h9) and hs 1005, 1006, 1043, 1062, 1978 Moldenke, Notes on Citharexylum 73 1069, 1070, & 1078. 1949; Moldenke, Phytologia 6: 317——319 & 420—— 22 (1958) and 13: 28h, 29), & 316. 1966; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 13: 6. 1966; Moldenke, Phytologia 1h: 31--32. 1967; Moldenke, Fifth Sum. 1: 115, 122, & 29 (1971) and 2: 77h, 858, & 859. 19713 Lépez—Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm, Univ. Los Andes 1): 22 (197) and 15: 10--11 & 1h--16. 1975; Lépez-Palacios, Bol. Soc. Venez. Cienc. Nat. 31: [353]—~—35h, 357--359, 369, 370, 373, 37h, & 379— 381. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 31: 348—350, 382, 39h, & )60— 461. 1975; Lépez—Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andes 17: 1-2. 1976; Lépez—Palacios, Fl. Venez. Verb. 220, 221, 223, 22h, 227, 234—237, & 647. 19775 Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 57. 1978. I am grateful to Lépez—Palacios for confirming my suspicions that C, dawei is conspecific with C. karsteni. In a personal communication to me he lists the vernacular names, "agracejo" and "negrito" for C. karsteni. Uribe describes it as an "arbolito de 3 metros; folleja verde claro; flores blancas", Additional & emended citations: COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Dawe 373 (B—-photo, K, K, N, N--photo, S—-photo, W, Z—--photo). Boyacé: Karsten s.n. [Sogamoso] (N--photo, V, Z—photo). Cundinamarca: Uribe Uribe 5250.(N). VENEZUELA: Anzodtegui: Karsten s.n. [Piri- tu] (V). CITHAREXYLUM KARSTENI var. LANCEOLATUM Moldenke Additional bibliography: Lépez—Palacios, Bol. Soc. Venez. Ci- enc. Nat. 31: 354, 358—359, 369, 370, 373, & 379——381. 1975; Mol- denke, Phytologia 31: 4,60—161. 1975; Lépez—Palacios, Fl. Venez. Verb. 220, 221, 223, 22h, 234--237, & 647, fig. 53. 1977. Illustrations: Lépez—Palacios, Fl. Venez. Verb. [235], fig. 53. 1977. Lépez—Palacios refers to this plant as an "arbusto de 2==3 m. Hojas m4s claras por el envés, algo velutinosas, las viejas cadu- cas rojizo anaranjadas. Flores blanco cremosas. Fruto inmmaturo verdoso anaranjado" and found it growing at 2500 m. altitude, in flower and fruit in October. In his 1977 work he cites from Ven- ezuela the following collections: Mérida: Lépez—Palacios 1077; Ruiz-Terén & Lépez-Figueiras 1793; Ruiz-Terdén & Lépez-Palacios 6213. T4chira: 73 z-Palacios 3573. These were collected at al- titudes of 800—1500 meters and on the label accompanying no. 1793 it is noted that the "Especie muy escasa en la localidad, sin usos conocidos", Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: Lépez-Palacios 3908 (Ld, N). VENEZUELA: Mérida: Ruiz-Ter4n & Lépez-Figueiras 1793 (Mu). CITHAREXYLUM KOBUSKIANUM Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 31: 61. 1975; Soukup, Biota 11: 9. 1976. 7h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. Ll, Nool j | CITHAREXYLUM KUNTHIANUM Moldenke | Additional bibliography: Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 105. 1858; Lépez—Palacios, Bol. Soc. Venez. Cienc. Nat. 31: 355, 359, & 36. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 32: 49, 57, & 220. 19755 Lépez- Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Los Andes 17: 42. 1976. Recent collectors describe this species as a treelet, m. tall, or a tree, 6--8 m. tall, with reddish or red fruit, and have found it growing in hillside thickets, at 900--2200 m. altitude, flowering in September and November, and fruiting in February, March, August, and September. The corollas are said to have been "white" on Plow- man & Vaughan 5259 and "creamy-white" on Lépez—Palacios & Espinal T, 31h. Vernacular names reported for it are "hoja blanca", "palo blanco", and "pendo”. Lépez—Palacios & Idrobo refer to the species as an "4rbol 8--10 m. [or] arbolito de }} m. Hojas opuestas discoloras, envés tomen~ toso. Inflorescencias terminales. Flores de corola blanca, 5=mera, sésiles, fragrantes". Lépez-Palacios (1976) notes, quite truly, that "Es dificil de distinguirlo del C. subflavescens, y las dif- erencias de color de indumento y presencia y ausencia de gldndulas, que les sefiales el Dr. Moldenke, no son del todo convincentes. No sé si valiera la pena ensayar una separacién por pisos térmicos y dejar en el C. kunthianum los ejemplares de tierra caliente y en el C. subflavescens los de tierra fria." Material of C. kunthianum has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as C. subflavescens Blake. Additional citations: COLOMBAI: Antioquia: Lépez-Palacios & Es- pinal T. 43lh (Ld). Cauca: Lépez—Palacios & Idrobo 3756 (Ld, N, Ws)- Nariflo: Espinal T. 1076 (Ld); Lépez-Palcios & Idrono 3827 (N, 2). Valle del Cauca: Cuatrecasas 23017 (W--2817328), 23691 (W— 2817329); Lépez—-Palacios & Idrobo 3702 (Ac, N); Plowman & Vaughan 5259 (Ld). CULTIVATED: Ecuador: Asplund 16986 (N). CITHAREXYLUM LAETUM Hiern Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 32: 50. 1975; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.28: 258. 1976. Because of a typographic error, the name for this species ap- pears as "L. laetum" in Hocking (1976). CITHAREXYLUM LANKESTERI Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 32: 50, 57, & 58. 1975. Bs pois reports this species "common in forest filling deep ra- vines in pasture; tree 10 m. tallj spikes pendent, flowers white", and found it growing at 2800 meters altitude on the slopes of Ira- zu volcano, flowering in October. Additional citations: COSTA RICA: Cartago: F. Rk. Fosberg 4.3269 (N) . [to be continued] BOOK REVIEWS Alma L. Moldenke "FOUNDATIONS OF CLIMATOLOGY — An Introduction to Physical, Dynam- ic, Synoptic and Geographical Climatology" by E. T. Springer, xiii & 586 pp. & 19) b/w illus. 1972. W. A. Free- man & Company, Reading RGl 3AA Berkshire & San Francisco, California 910). $25.00. The subtitle indicates that this book is much more than just a descriptive text about weather -- an everyday experience involving all the atmospheric conditions at a given place at a given time and about climate -—- an abstract concept integrating weather con- ditions for a given period of time within a given area. It is rather an outstandingly well prepared text "for students in univer- sity geography departments where climatology is taken seriously as a subject in its own right, for teachers of physics, mathematics, and geography who wish to interest their pupils in atmospheric science" and for the forecaster, various scientists, technicians, architects, etc. This fine book has a worldwide range of possible use as does the same author's "Techniques of Climatology", “TECHNIQUES OF CLIMATOLOGY by E. T. Springer, xiii & 539 pp., 12h b/w illus. & 8 tab. W. H. Freeman & Company, San Francisco, California 9410). 1972. $25.00. This is a practical and carefully presented companion text to the same author's "Foundations of Climatology". Its first section deals with the basic techniques used in observing the weather both current and historical, interpreting the observations statistical- ly and cartographically and preparing experimental models of the phenomena of weather and climate. Its second section demonstrates some applications of the basic techniques to radiation, tempera- ture, clouds, visual climate with the theory of visibility and atmospheric optical effects. Its third section deals with geo- graphical climatology including world and regional studies of ac- tual climates and the turbulence theory. It closes with this characteristic admonition: "there is no justification for empiri- cal geographical studies that purport to solve the pollution prob- lem, or any other problem, in a certain region on the basis of maps constructed without reference to the findings of theoretical meteor Ologists. Empiricism without theoretical foundation must always be inconclusive, and theory without the backing of confirmatory obser- vation is useless as a contribution-to applied climatology." 75 76 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, Noo1 i "CLIMATES OF THE STATES" Volume I - Eastern States plus Puerto : Rico and the U. S. Virgin Islands & Volume II - Western States © including Alaska and Hawaii, by Officials of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U. S. Department of Commerce, 99), pp., 395 tab. & 310 b/w maps. Water Informa- tion Center, Inc., Huntington, New York 11743. 197h. $45.00 for the 2-volume set. This valuable publication has served as and will continue to be © "a valuable reference for professionals and students in climatology, hydrology, the environmental and agricultural sciences, and other persons interested in finding out what climatic conditions prevail in specific sections of the United States". It is based on careful= ly collected data over a decade prior to publication and includes for each state a "general summary of climatic conditions followed by detailed tables of freeze data; normal temperature and precipi- tation by climatic divisions and stations; normals, means, and ex- tremes of selected individual stations; and maps showing tempera ture, precipitation and locations of stations. Also included are miscellaneous data on snowfall, sunshine and occurrence of tropical storms", "ATLAS OF THE FLORA OF THE GREAT PLAINS" edited by T. M. Barkley, xiii & 600 pp., 2218 distribution maps. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa 50010. 1977. $15.00. This useful atlas of about 3,000 vascular plants has been pre= pared by the Great Plains Flora Association coordinated by R. L. : McGregor, the above-mentioned editor and eight other botanists. It brings up-to-date Rydberg's classical study. It covers the entire states of Kansas, Nebraska, North and South Dakota and contiguous parts of neighboring states that are Great Plains country. Whata | valuable precursor all these county distribution maps will be for the planned "Flora of the Great Plains" and for sound agricultural and safe ecological land-use treatment! "“PROJETO MADEIRO DE SANTA CATARINA — Levantamento das Espécies Florestais Nativas em Santa Catarina com a Possibilidade de Incremento e Desenvolvimento" by Raulino Reitz, Roberto M. Klein & Ademir Reis, 320 pp. & 88 b/w line-drawn or photograph= ic plates. Sellowiana Anais Botanicos do Herbd4rio "Barbosa Rod- riques" nos. 28--30. 1978. 88.300 Itajai, Santa Catarina, Brazil, paperbound. This special issue commemorates 30 years of publication. The in- troduction describes the original heavily forested nature of the state of Santa Catarina and then lists alphabetically by its 72 families and 713 species the trees and shrubs collected in this herbarium. The plants are then described, drawn exceedingly well 1978 Moldenke, Book reviews 77 and/or photographed, located on maps of the state. Their growing nature and conditions, economic uses and potentials, and common native names are given. In a fold of the back cover there is a 16" x 2)" folded, plasticized colored phytogeographic map with detailed legend prepared by the second author. The first author, Padre Reitz, has been the kindly, brilliant, hard-working botan- ical leader in Santa Catarina for over three decades. “WHITEFLY OF THE WORLD — A Systematic Catalogue of the Aleyrodi- dae (Homoptera) with Host Plant and Natural Enemy Data" by L. A. Mound & S. H. Halsey, iii & 340 pp. British Museum (Natural History) and John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, Brisbane, Toronto and New York, N. Y. 10017. 1978. $29 .00. This is a mighty careful compilation of a great deal of materi- al of interest to many entomologists, botanists, ecologists, horti- culturalists and agronomists (at least). The catalogue lists 1156 species in 126 genera which are differentiated according to the structure of the fourth larval instar or the pupal case. "Morpho- logically the aleyrodids seem to be degenerate psyllids, although ecologically they are the tropical equivalents of aphids — opportunist insects with transient populations." They are sap= sucking, nectar-slobbering pests of-crops and ornamental plants as well as pathogen virus vectors. Whitefly species are listed alphabetically within their genera (also alphabetic) with name, authority, synonymy, dates, local common names, geographic distribution, host plant and its family, and natural enemies. Most aleyrodid species are found on dicots, “colonizing the available flora, rather than along lines of botan- ical affinity". "COURSE BOOK IN GENERAL BOTANY" Second Edition by John D. Dodd, xoxciv & 259 pp., 353 b/w fig. & 1 tab. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa 50010. 1977. $10.50. The first edition of this textbook was released in 1962 under the title "Form and Function in Plants" and had three printings. It is still planned for a one term course in general botany, in- tentionally omitting the molecular and biochemical presentations covered in various beginning biology courses and later in detailed courses for majors and intentionally reverting to "dealing with organisms and structures and be[ing] so organized that the student becomes aware of the mumerous kinds of living plants existing in natural enviromments". The new text is carefully written and il- lustrative material has been added but nothing that would not be seen under ordinary light microscopes. My liking this presentation is flavored with nostalgia and a concern about how it will survive today e 78 PHEDO LOE Ik Vol. 1, No. 1 "DISTRIBUTION OF THE ILLINOIS VASCULAR PLANTS" by Robert H. Mohlen- brock & Douglas M. Ladd, 296 pp. & 3001 b/w county distribu- tion maps. Southern Illinois University Press, P. 0. Box 3697, Carbondale, Illinois 62901. 1978. $9.85 paperbound. County dotted distribution maps, twelve per large unnumbered page, are arranged alphabetically by genera and their species for ~ a total of 3,001 taxa representing native and naturalized species. ~ Numbered pages at the end of the book contain a list of pertinent ~ synonyms used by Fernald (1950), Gleason (1952) and Jones (1963) 4 in Phylogenetic sequence listing. Descriptions for these, keys and ecological notes are in the companion volume from the same 5 press and by the senior author entitled "Guide to the Vascular Flora of Illinois". ¢ "GUIDE TO THE VASCULAR FLORA OF ILLINOIS" by Robert H. Mohlenbrock, ~ xii & 49) pp., 2 b/w maps. Southern Illinois University Press, P. 0. Box 3697, Carbondale, Illinois 62901. 1975. $15.00 clothbound, $7.95 paperbound. This carefully prepared study is of value not only for its "keys to 3,047 taxa of ferns, gymnosperms, and flowering plants in the state" and Schwegman's introduction to the fourteen main nat- ural divisions described for their Principal features, topography, glacial history, and plant communities, but also for its keyed direction to families in the illustrated serially published sec- tions of this flora. Serious students, teachers and amateurs in this area might do well for themselves by using a paperbound copy — in the field and saving a clothbound copy for their reading shelf or desk at home along with their Flora volumes, | "NATURAL HISTORY IN AMERICA from Mark Catesby to Rachel Carson" ; by Wayne Hanley, xii & 339 pp., 12 b/w fig. & 16 color plates. A Demeter Press Book, Quadrangle/The New York Times Book Co., — New York, N. Y. 10016. 1977. $1.95. This interesting publication is presented under the auspices of the Massachusetts Audubon Society and offers a treasure store of reading treats for the fortunate and willing who get access to this book now so readily available. "It is essentially a collection of readable passages selected from the writings of [over 30] great 4 American naturalists" whose original tomes “are now almost inacces= sible to the general reader. The material is arranged chronologi- cally, is introduced by Hanley's often 'chatty' comments, and is chosen to "reveal the humanness of the author rather than his or her heft as an observer" to instigate "more adventures in reading". ~ Does it, as in facetiously calling Linnaeus the "dirty old man" i of botany? 1978 Moldenke, Book reviews 19 "GLIMPSES OF BIRD LIFE" by Alexander Dawes DuBois, 100 pp. & 36 b/w photographic plates. T.S. Denison & Co., Inc., Minne- apolis, Minnesota 55431. 197). $5.95. Here for a bargain price you can mull over exquisite nesting photographs and descriptive text from behind blinds of the family scenes of hummingbirds, peewees, bitterns, cedar waxwings, mourn- ing doves, goldfinches, great horned owls, wood thrushes and nighthawks. These are what you nostalgically recall seeing, or wish you had photographed as clearly, or hope to follow through on "some day" and should share with some young person or new retiree interesting in observing bird life in a sustained way. "BIRDS AND THEIR WAYS" by Alexander Dawes DuBois & Charlotte A. DuBois, 18) pp. & 78 b/w photographic plates. T.S. Denison & Co., Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55431. 1976. $8.95. This charming publication serves as a companion piece to the lovely "Glimpses of Bird Life". Like it, this one was published oosthumously and this one was completed by the author's sister who often assisted her ornithologist—photographer—engineer- teacher brother in the field over the years. Again the illustra- tions are beautiful and precise and the text accurate and interes- ting, especially since the observations are written unobtrusively in the "first person singular", Part One of the book considers "Some Ways of Birds I Have Known"; Part Two "Some Birds Whose Ways I Have Known", "MTCRO-CLIMATE The Biological Enviroment" by Norman J. Rosenberg, xii & 315 pp., 136 b/w fig. & 196 tab. Wiley-Interscience Publication of John Wiley & Sons, New York, N. Y. 10016. 197). $15.00. Microclimate — that near the ground in which most terrestrial life exists — has its properties delineated often through ap- plied physics and mathematics as well as "its changing condition with time of day and season and the extremes which impose stresses on plant and animal life....and ways in which the microclimate can be beneficially altered." This study should appeal particularly to students, engineers, technicians and related scientists study- ing and working in agricultural climatology and meteorology. The author has been a university leader in this field, and so this text is highly validated. The main topics well discussed are (1) radiation balance, (2/3) soil and sensible heat flux and tempera- ture, (l) wind and turbulent transport, (5) atmospheric humidity, (6) modification of the soil temperature regime, (7) evapotrans- piration, (8) photosynthesis, (9) carbon dioxide balance, (10) windbreaks and the shelter effect, (11) frost and frost control, and (12) improving water use efficiency by some new methods. 80 PHI Xo? (0°R OE & Vol. 1, Now 1 "THE ORCHIDS Scientific Studies" edited by Carl L. Withner, xii & 604 pp., 131 b/w photographs & figs. A Wiley-Interscience Publication of John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, Sydney, Toron= to & New York, N. Y. 10016. 197). $26.50. This excellently prepared study is really the previously plan- ned companion or second volume to the also excellent work "The Orchids, A Scientific Survey" edited by the same C. L. Withner in 1959 for Chronica Botanica and later dispersed by Ronald Press of New York City. "Orchid enthusiasts and experts the world over refer to it [the first volume] for authoritative information that does not go out of date....elhis second volume accounts for areas not reviewed previously and adds to other specialties by an in= crease in details and recent advances". The eleven chapters, each written by one or more experts, include such topics as ecology, seedlings and embryo development, anatomy and physiology, cytology, alkaloids, polyploidy, chromosome numbers, natural and artificial hybrid generic names and clonal multiplication. This last topic is the work of George Morel who died shortly before the book was printed. "The orchid world will long remember his scientific ap- plication of meristemming to the art of orchid culture." "MEDICAL BOTANY = Plants Affecting Man's Health" by Walter H. Lew= is & Memory P. F. Elvin-Lewis, xvi & 515 pp., 156 b/w figs. & 50 tabs. A Wiley-Interscience Publication of John Wiley & Sons, London, Sydney, Toronto & New York, N. Y. 10016. 1977. $27.50. This book makes fascinating reading about plants affecting man's health and an excellent text for a university course such as this husband-and=wife author team give for students planning medical or health related careers and those also in anthropology, psychology, etc. It should also interest physicians and professional biologists and botanists. There is a great wealth of material carefully docu- mented, effectively presented, attractively illustrated often from the old woodcuts of Gerard's Herball, and very accessibly indexed. The subject matter is divided into three main use groups: (1) Injurious plants as poisons, allergens, mutagens, etc., (2) Remedi- al plants with present-day evaluations where known as antibiotics, pesticides, panaceas, and those effective for afflictions for each of the body systems, etc., and (3) Psychoactive plants as stimu- lants, hallucinogens, depressants, etc. The specific epithet for Vitex agnus=castus is misspelled on p. 332. ——_— 3 PHYTOLOGIA | Designed to expedite botanical publication ‘Vol. 41 December 1978 No. 2 JAN 4 1979 a CONTENTS NE ag OK : BOTA AN | : (J At GAR VALDES REYNA, J., Sporobolus coahuilensis (Gramineae ee a new species from Coahuila, CBICE Ss Rie: PORES Ee RG Tabs Sra al a ete 81 7 LLETT, S. S., Contributions to the flora of the Sierra de Perija, i ere ere Ti ie a no ego EAs eaeleg a8 a ete Klee 5 te nce 85 _ C. L., Observations on the diatom flora from springs : along the Balcones Fault, Texas... 1... 0.0 ccc eee es 88 -MOLDENKE, H. N.. , Notes on new and noteworthy plants. CXIX ARR HS x 105 ‘MOLDENKE, H. N. _ Additional notes on the genus Citharexylum. XIV. .105 -MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the genus Cornutia. VI ....... 123 -MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the genus Lippia. XIV ....... 131 _MOLDENKE, Bio By. TOOR FOVIE WS Sa sc oi ioe wm a MAK eee PERE ee 136 — — —— a a Sa Bi aS ee aes tA SFI LALZSA # St DoH SY x7) LABEL ELSE Digeg AILEY) a 8h Pen yet Oe OG es Vol. 1, No. 2 LITERATURE CITED United States. Second Ed. U.S.D.A. Misc. Pub. 200, pp. 415-424. Parodi, L. R. 1928. Revisién de las gramineas argentinas del género Sporobolus. Rev. Fac. Agron. y Vet. Univ. Buenos Aires. 6(2): pp. 154. Stuckert, T. 1906. Gramineaceas argentinas. Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires. Tomo XII (Ser. 3) pp. 470-471. Swallen, J. R. 1941. New United States grasses. Jour. Wash. Acad. Sei. Site): pp. 351-352. Contributions to the Flora of the Sierra de Perija, Venezuela. I Stephen S. Tillett Herbario Dr. Victor Manuel Ovalles (MYF), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas. (1) The following material was collected , While accompanying an expedition of the Direcci6én de Fronteras del Ministerio de Rela- ciones Exteriores, of the Venezuelan Government, in the Sierra de Perija, in the State of Zulia, along the international boundary with Colombia. A brief ecological description is given immediate- ly below for each of the general localities, (indicated by under- lining), since these are the first collections from the sites at those altitudes, except at 'Campamento Frontera I'. Not included are entities found by previous collectors (Ginés, Steyermark) at lower altitudes. Serrania de Los Motilones, Distrito Perija Environs of 'Campamento Frontera I', (Lat. O8°50 "27-5" i. Long. 72°57'18.6" W), headwaters of the Rio Tocuco; steep-sided ridge with deep humus, on siltstone and limestone, with dense evergreen forest 30-40 m tall, with considerable Chusquea and more Olyra? (to 5 m tall); the N-facing slope gentler and with a semi-deciduous forest 20-25 m tall; small patches of scrub- -savanna (probably burned) on ridge; 1900-2000 m elevation; 24 to 26 June 1974. Environs of 'Campamento Frontera II', (Lat. 10°00'13" N, Long. 72°58'ca.25" W), mesa below international border on main ridge; headwaters of the Rio Negro; main ridge mostly of horizontal red sandstones and grey conglomerates, the lateral rolling ridges and more level areas with a very thin soil on a variety of silty, sandy. or gravelly substrates, varying from near-white to red- -purple, and in many areas with rampant erosion due to recent fires; the more level areas covered with an Hypericum-scrub 1- 2m tall (of 3-4 species), which has been burned off several times, with grasses and sedges, especially in the swales and around shallow ponds; a paramo or suparamo vegetation, in part from burning; the steeper and wetter quebradas have remnants of the once more dominant forest 10-15 m tall, with innumerable downfall and standing dead trunks, largely invaded by bamboo; the area was apparently ungrazed as of the time of collection; ca. 3000 m ele- vation; the temperature during the visit varied from 0° to 15° C; 27 June to 5 July 1974. Serrania de Valledupar, Distrito Perija Along international boundary, from 'Hacienda Buenavista’, (Lat. 85 86 PHeT OLOGok A Vol. 1, No. 2 10°20'ca.23" N, Long. 72°54'ca.14" W);, to N side of "Cerro Tame nado' (ca. 5 km N of 'H.B.'); headwaters of Rfio Ap6n; broad, steep-sided, limestone and conglomerate ridgetops, covered with very thin soil, repeatedly burned and sadly overgrazed, a “bambu- Sillo" to 1m tall dominant in most of the area; many swales, ri- vulets, and somewhat marshy areas; 'Cerro Laminado' rising from the main ridge as a long E - W mesa of horizontally bedded red sandstone, equally overgrazed; remains of forest in the lower, steep-sided quebradas, below 3200 m; 3300-3650 m elev.; 9 to 10 July 1974. Environs of 'Campamento Frontera V', (Lat. 10°23'07.8" WN, Long. 72°52'42.5" W), headwaters of the Rio Guasare, on the main "maletero' trail from Manaure, Colombia; the whole area severely burned over in the previous ten years, and overgrazed, being changed from a nearly complete cover of forest to a grass savan- na, much of the soil highly eroded and with a high proportion of charcoal; very steep limestone ridges, but with very little expo- sed rock; some small vernal pools, and the gentler quebradas with sedges and grasses, the main quebradas very steep-sided, and for- ested; 2700-3300 m elevation; 10 to 19 July 1974. Serrania de Valledupar, Distrito Maracaibo "Monte Viruela', (Lat. 10°25'ca.13" N, Long. 72°52"ea.@2 ee a tepui-like massif, 5 x 2.5 km, on the international boundary, covered with areas of highly eroded limestone, crevasse areas, cliffs, and funnel-shaped sinkholes; drainage all subterranean; Soil brownish-black, rather impervious, to 2 dm deep; the natural vegetation of low forest (to 10m), Hypericum-scrub (63° 2 Ry; and areas of wet and dry meadows, with much mounding of Sphagnum (to 5-6 dm) around bases of shrubs and 'bainbusillo'; entirely burned over in early 1974 save for small patches of forest, and almost all of the Hypericum (1 sp.) killed; a great abundance of grasses due to the complete absence of cattle to that date; in general little flowering of woody plants during the visit; temper- atures from 3-12° C, with much fog, rain, and occasional hail; ca. 3100 m elevation; 21 to 28 July 1974. Onagraceae Fuchsia spp. aff. venusta and jahnii Tillett & H&nig 746-678, 746-705, 747-766, 'Campamento Frontera II'; Tillett 747-1033, 747-1086, '‘Campamento Frontera V'; Tillett 747-1175, 'Monte Viruela'. Known previously in Venezue- la from the states of Mérida and Tachira. Oenothera seifrizii Munz Tillett & H&nig 746-760, 'Campamento Frontera II'; Tillett 747-1138, "Monte Viruela'. Known previously only from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, in Colombia. 1978 Tillett, Flora of Sierra de Perija 87 Umbelliferae Azorella cuatrecasasii Math. & Const, Tillett & H&Snig 746-626, 'Campamento Frontera II'; Tillett 747-1250, 'Monte Viruela'. New to Venezuela; known previously only from northern Colombia, the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Azorella aff. cuatrecasasii Math. & Const. Tillett 747-1249, ' Monte Viruela'. New to Venezuela. Daucus montanus Humb. & Bonpl. ex Spreng. Tillett & H&nig 746-714, 'Campamento Frontera II'; TILIGCE 747-1150, "Monte Viruela'. Known previously in Venezuela from the states of Mérida, Falc6n, Aragua, Distrito Federal, and Monagas. Eryngium humboldtii Delar. f. Tillett & H&nig 746-602, 'Campamento Frontera II'. Known previ- ously in Venezuela from the Sierra Nevada de Los Andes, in the states of Apure, Tachira, and Mérida, and in the Cordilleras Central and Oriental of Colombia. Hydrocotyle domingense Math. & Const. Tillett & H&nig 747-803,'Campamento Frontera II'. Known previ- ously in Venezuela from the state of Mérida. Hydrocotyle grossulariaefolia Rusby Tillett 747-1036, 'Campamento Frontera V'. New to Venezuela, formerly from Ecuador to Colombia. Neonelsonia acuminata (Benth-.) Coult. & Rose Tillett & H&niag 747-836, 'Campamento Frontera II'. New to Vene- zuela, previously from Peri to Colombia. Niphogeton colombiana Math. & Const. Tillett 1164, ‘Monte Viruela'. New to Venezuela; know previ- ously from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, in Colombia. Perissocoeleum phylloideum (Math. & Const.) Math. & Const. (Prionosciadium phylloideum Math. & Const.) Tillett & H&énig 746-601, ' Campamento Frontera II; Tillett 747-1125, 'Monte Viruela'. , New to Venezuela; type locality on the Colombian side of the Sierra de Perija. Perissocoeleum purdiei Math. & Const Tillett 747-1148, 'Monte Viruela'. Known previously only from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, in Colombia. (1) Collections made while employed by the Instituto Bot4nico, Ministerio de Agricultura y Cria, Caracas, Venezuela. (2) I wish to express my sincere appreciation to Drs. Lincoln Constance Mildred Mathias, and Peter Raven, and to Paul Berry, for their colaboration in the identification of this material. OBSERVATIONS ON THE DIATOM FLORA FROM SPRINGS ALONG THE BALCONES FAULT, TEXAS C. L. Christensen, Science Department Iowa Central Community College This is a single summer study of the diatoms from selected large Texas springs. To the author's knowledge this is the only investigation specific to diatoms from these areas. These are in all cases rapid flowing springs pro- ducing large volumes of water. The literature indicates that few studies have been completed on diatoms from spring habitats. In the United States, Whitford (1956) and Hohn (1961) have studies on diatoms from Florida springs and Reimer (1961) discusses spring diatoms in his work from Indiana. Cholonoky (1933-34) and Hustedt (1945) have produced reports on diatoms from springs in Europe. Other works from Europe include Foged's (1951) studies on diatoms in Danish springs and the two papers by Round (1957, 1960) on diatom flora in English springs (Table 5). These works in a general way seem to indicate that there is not a true "spring-type" diatom flora but rather these flora are more similar to small stream flora than river or lake assemblages. Study Areas The study areas include three spring complexes along the Balcones Fault which runs through central Texas (Map 1). Indications are that the water for all three collecting areas is furnished by the Edwards Underground Reservoir (Map 2). The Balcones zone of faulting was formed under conditions of strain during Tertiary times by the down-warping near the Gulf Coast and moderate uplift in- land (Sellards, et al 1932). The area is made up of natural and/or gravity faults with the major down throw being to the east. This area is at the edge of the Edwards plateau having rock formations constructed mainly of limestone with some amount of out-cropping. The springs considered in this study are of the artesian type known as "fissure springs" as opposed to gravity springs also found in the area. These springs are associated with the Balcones scarp line and associated faults. They are the most prominent of a chain of springs extending in a continuous line for 250 miles between Austin and Del Rio, Texas (Map 2). They appear at the foot of the Balcones escarpment from openings in the Cretaceous limestone. The faults of the Balcones escarpment run southwest for 80 miles from Austin to San Antonio and, from there, west for 150 miles to Del Rio (Map 2). The water reservoir feeding these springs is the Edwards (Balcones Fault Zone) Aquifer, not to be confused with the more extensive and deeper Edwards- Trinity (Plateau) Aquifer which lies to the west. The location and size of the aquifer in this study can be observed on Map 2. The aquifer is not at great depth and is, in part, recharged by spring-fed streams as they flow across the Balcones fault zones. Because of this, spring 88 1978 Christensen, Diatom flora 89 SOUTH-CENTRAL TEXAS MAP 1. Edwards Plateau showing the Balcones Fault Zone Edwards Plateau Balcones Escarpment Redrawn from Geologic Map of the U.S. U.S. Geological Survey, 1941. MAP 2. Edwards Aquifer with Spring Locations - Barton Springs Manchaca Springs pmo moan Redrawn from the Texas Water Plan, Texas Water Development Board November 1968. 90 PWT Ocbeo 18 Vol. 41, No. 2 flow, mineral content and temperature are affected, with but a short lag, by environmental conditions of the area. Average winter temperature in the area is about 51.2°F. Summer tempera- tures average 84.2°F. Thus average yearly temperature in the Balcones fault area is about 68°F. As can be seen in Table 2, this is in close agreement with the observed water temperatures of 21+°C (69.8°F) found in the springs considered. Annual precipitation in the area ranges from 33.24 inches in the east to 25.91 inches in the west. The rainfall, of course, varies from year to year and this, in turn, affects the depth of the water below the land surface and the rate of flow of the springs. Normal depth of the Edwards Aquifer is 40-50 feet below the surface. The water level dropped to 100 feet and below during the drought of the early 1950's in central Texas. Many of the major springs have never recovered from the drought and have flow limited only to abnormally high water periods. < Study sites include spring complexes in Austin, San Marcos and New Braunfels. In each of these areas there are many points of upwelling underground water from cracks between the rocks (Table 1). Because of the force and volume of water, these springs must be classified as true rheocrenes. The resulting water may form various sized pools or develop directly in streams. The study site at Barton Springs in Austin was a rather large body of slow moving water. The collection area at Aquarena Springs was a man-made impound—- ment with almost no water flow in the spring area. The study area at Comal Springs in New Braunfels was represented by a small but rapid flowing stream formed by the upwelling spring water. Sampling Stations The first collecting site included a number of springs located in southwest Austin (Latitude 30°16' north and Longitude 97°47' west). These springs are known locally as Barton or Zilker Springs. They are located in and near Barton Creek where it flows through Zilker Park. The area containing the major spring complex has been dammed and treated with chlorine to produce a public swimming pool. Most of the minor spring areas are contained in man-made rock structures so as to create an unnatural habitat. The second study area, known as Aquarena Springs, is located in the city of San Marcos (Latitude 29°953' north and Longitude 97951' west) about thirty miles south of the first collecting site. These springs are located in a park area in the north part of the city. Man-made containing walls are present in most of the spring area. The final collecting site was springs in Landa Park in the city of New Braunfels (Latitude 29°43' north and Longitude 98°07' west) about fifty miles south of the first collecting area. It proved to be the least disturbed, most natural of the collecting sites. These are called Comal Springs and are con- sidered to be the largest in Texas. 1978 Christensen, Diatom flora 91 TABLE 1. Springs related to the Balcones fault belt of Texas and their flow rates. NAME LOCATION SPRING FLOW Barton Springs Austin : 26,000,000 gal./day Manchaca Springs Buda --- Aquarena Springs San Marcos . 100,000,000 gal./day Comal Springs New Braunfels g 220,000,000 gal./day San Pedro Springs San Antonio --- San Antonio Springs San Antonio J --- Leona Springs Uvalde --- Las Moras Springs Brackettville 3 : 14,200,000 gal./day *San Felipe Springs Del Rio : - 49,200,000 gal. /day *Good Enough Springs Comstock = : 116,000,000 gal./day Methods Chemical and physical parameters were measured under field conditions at each site using a portable Hach Engineer's Laboratory DR-EL. The results are shown in Table 2 and are to be considered only as general indicators suggesting that these spring waters are slightly basic and hard in nature. These tests are in fair agreement with water tests conducted by other groups in the same general area. Most tests were run against known standards. Collections of plant materials and rock scrapings were made (Table 7). Plankton and substratum samples were also taken. Each collection was examined for living diatoms and then divided. One-half of each sample was treated with formalin and saved as uncleaned material. The organic matter was removed from the remainder of the sample using 30% hydrogen peroxide and potassium dichro- mate. The resulting material was cleaned by decanting several times with distilled water and stored. Each sample bottle was shaken and a dropper of material was obtained. This cleaned diatom material was placed on #0 cover slips and allowed to air dry. The cover slips were then placed on a hot plate and heated to 600°F for several hours. Each was inverted and placed on a standard microscope slide containing a drop of Hyrax. The entire mount was heated on a hot plate to 350°F for a short period of time to remove the mounting medium solvent. 92 PEL? Ob00 Bad Vol. 41, No. 2 A systematic search was made of each slide to identify and record each specimen (Table 6). Genus counts were tabulated to determine the relative abundance of each. These data are to be found in Tables 3 and 4. Discussion The three spring areas studied are similar in that they are of the artesian type, are formed by the Balcones zone of faulting and derive their water from the Edwards Aquifer. The close similarity of the chemical and physical para- meters as shown in Table 2 bears this out. At this point the similarities end. Barton Springs are found in and near a rather large slow moving stream. Aquarena Springs are dammed to form a large pond or lake-like environment. The Comal Springs studied produced a rapid flowing small stream in the area considered. These environmental likenesses and differences are reflected in the diatom populations. Table 6 indicates that 18% of the diatom forms were observed in collections from all three spring areas, while 24% were found in, at least, two of the study sites. An analysis of the diatom population (Table 3) points up these similarities and differences even more. A study of the structure of the diatom population (Table 4) reflects the water conditions. The diatom structure of Comal Springs is similar to that of a cool rapid stream containing a fair amount of plants. The increase in plank- tonic and bottom forms found in the other two spring areas are indicative of a more pond-like population structure. These’results were expected and in agree- ment with the physical and chemical parameters observed (Table 2). To carry this study one more step the author tabulated the number of forms recorded in each of the genera as found by other investigators studying springs (Table 5). This comparison is of value only in a very general way because of the great differences in the studies. One study is based on a years' collec- tions, while another is developed from a single set of collections. The study by Foged (1951) considers sixspring areas, but others have information on larger and smaller numbers. Some of the springs studied are of the seepage type which form bog-like conditions very dissimilar to the springs in this study. The only real deviation in genus forms in this study from investigations by others appears to be Achnanthes and Gomphonema. The high percentage of the population and the variation of forms in the genus Achnanthes may be in part explained by the rocky environment and the water movement, which favors their development. As a general rule, diatoms of this genus tend to be bottom forms that live attached firmly to rocks and are able to compete successfully under these conditions. The diatoms of the genus Gomphonema, on the other hand, are main epiphytic, found living on various higher plants. A rather diverse population of higher plant forms was observed and collected. This may account to some extent for the large number of Gomphonema forms recorded. Many of the diatoms observed in this study have not been reported previously i. ian 1978 Christensen, Diatom flora 93 TABLE 2. Chemical and physical parameters as found at the collecting sites.* #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 Alkalinity 290 280 278 25655 320 Carbon Dioxide 3.8 4.6 4.2 ---- 42 Hardness, Total 227 260 280 280 260 Hardness, Ca. 176 195 221 -—-— 200 Hardness, Mg. al 65 59 -——— 60 Phosphate, Ortho 1h -10 -60 ---- -08 Nitrate 51.92 39.60 48.84 ——— 52.78 Nitrite s021 -026 -027 -———- -013 Sulfate ae 17.0 i ee ---- ---- Manganese ==S= oo trace ---= ---- Oxygen, Dissolved 6 6 5 7 9 pH 7.01 7.08 7.10 7.20 7.40 Turbidity 8JTU 13JTU 11JTU ---- 8JTU Water Temp. 21°C 275°C 21°¢ 214°C 27 56 Air Temp. 29°C FA a 24.8°C 26°C S071°C Date 6/15/70 6/16/70 6/22/70 6/22/70 7/9/70 Time 6:30p.m. 9:45a.m. 9:00a.m. 10:00a.m. 9:00a.m. #1 Travis Co.-Austin-Zilker Park-Barton Springs-west side near pool. #2 Comal Co.—New Braunfels-Landa Park-Comal Springs #3 Hays Co.-San Marcos-Aquarena Springs #4 Hays Co.-San Marcos-Aquarena Springs-100' downstream from springs. #5 Travis Co.-Austin-Zilker Park-Barton Springs-10' below spring area. *All results in parts per million (ppm) unless otherwise noted. as occurring in Texas. In fact, few published studies on recent diatoms have been done, although some fossil work on soil cores is available. Those diatoms listed in Table 6 that are followed by an asterisk have been reported from col- lections made from Texas. The other entities, to the author's knowledge, are new diatom records for the state. 9h POBYoT OnLoO'G Fh TABLE 3. Analysis of diatom population by genera. % s ow n an n “co ome) oo | © OO |] & OO a @ o0 Cie & Oe ee is peu le aks & ae Genera On] ain |] an oO Genera < a Achnanthes i Wes eZ abs 19 Frustulia Amphipleura 1 i 1 al Gomphonema Amphora 4 4 S 4 Gyrosigma Bacillaria aL —— == af Hantzschia Caloneis af ait iy 2 Meridion Cocconeis 2 2 4 4 Navicula Cymatopleura == -- 2 2 Nitzschia Cymbella 1S 7 6 dis” Pinnularia Denticula 2 1 2 2 Rhopalodia Diploneis 2 sy 2 3 Stauroneis Epithemia -- zi -- 1 Surirella Eunotia 4 3 3 6 Synedra Fragilaria 3 3 i 4 Terpsinoe This study of three springs includes a total of 165 taxa representing 25 genera. The diatom population as indicated by species ecological parameters is mainly that of a stable alkaline hard water environment. the diatoms observed are considered to be alkaliphilous forms. About 47% of all of When 5000 counts were conducted on each spring individually 50% of the diatoms in Barton Springs, 45Z of those from Aquarena Springs and 46% from Comal Springs were alkaliphilous forms. In these same counts less than 3% could be considered acidophilous and along with this only about 15% of the total entities can be considered indica- tive of entrophic conditions. : Twenty-five per cent (44) of the total population are found typically in the Gulf Coast states. Twenty per cent of the observed diatoms are periphytes. Thirteen per cent were found to be rheophilous while only 16 forms are recog- nized as planktonic. It should also be noted that diatoms considered to be aerophilic or soil diatoms were from time to time observed as isolated individuals. Diatoms that ‘ 1978 Christensen, Diatom flora TABLE 4. Structure of diatom population analyzed.* Comal Aquarena Barton Springs Springs Springs w « 4 id © © a a . . Re Wo Oo A. Ow wh - Oo re) fe) ~ a * 2a Q = os 2 Qu. WY Genera Zn “n (Au). Santiago del Estero: Cuezzo 204 (Au--122072); Ruiz—Huidobro 3108 (Au—12207)). Tucum4n: Terrible 338 (Au—289529). VERBENA DOMINGENSIS Urb. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 151--152 & 166 P BSS ToD kv Vol. 41, No. 3 277; 2971s Additional citations: CUBA: Matanzas: Rugel 121 (Ld). HISPAN- IOLA: Dominican Republic: Ekman H.13581 (ld). Haiti: Ekman H. 1569 (Ld). VERBENA EHRENBERGIANA Schau. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 145, 152, & 277 (1977) and 38: 99. 1978; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 662 1277. 1978. Hernd4ndez and his associates refer to this plant as a "regular" annual herb 50 cm. tall, with "green" fruit, and encountered it in "selva mediana subperennifolia, secundaria, suelo arcilloso areno- so, associacién cafetal in zona cafetalera", at 10 meters alti- tude. The G. L. Fisher s.n. [Jacala, Aug. 12, 1947], previously cited by me as typical V. ehrenbergiana, actually represents var. rich- ardsonii Moldenke Additional & emended citations: MEXICO: México: C. A. Ehrenberg 713 [Macbride photos 171] (Z—-photo of type). Veracruz: Her- n4ndez A, & al. 154 (N). lait VERBENA EHRENBERGIANA var. RICHARDSONII Moldenke, Phytologia 38: 99. 1978. a. Bibliography: Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 66: 1277. 1978; Moldenke, ytologia 38: 99. 1978. Collectors have found this plant in flower and fruit in May, June, and December. The Fisher collection, cited below, was prev= iously erroneously cited by me as typical V. ehrenbergiana Schau. Citations: MEXICO: Hidalgo: G. L. Fisher | sen. [Jacala, Aug. 12, 1937] (N). Tamaulipas: Richardson 216 (Ld), 293 (Ld), 1116 (Ld), 123 (Ld--type, Ld--isotype, Ld--isotype). VERBENA ELEGANS H.B.K. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 11, 12, 152-153, & 455. 1977. Sanders reports this species found as "scattered clones in mesic oak=hickory woods on limestone outcrops in red-brown loamy clay soil" and describes it as having procumbent stems, tol m. long, rooting at the nodes, the tips ascending, flowering in May. The corollas are said to have been "pink-purple on Sanders 74028. Additional citations: MEXICO: Hidalgo: Pringle 6908 (Ld). qenetaro: Turner Turner 76-15 (Ld). San Luis Pot tosi: Sanders 74028 Mi VERBENA ELEGANS var. ASPERATA Perry Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 153. 19773 O. Stern, Stern's Nurs. Guide Mir. Gard. 18. 1977. Illustrations: 0. Stern, Stern's Nurs. Guide Mir. Gard. 18 [in color]. 1977. 1979 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 167 This may very well be the recently introduced verbena refer- red by me in a previous installment of these notes under V. peru- viana f. rosea Moldenke. Its trade name is "Pink Princess" Trailing Verbena and it is offered by Stern's Nursery, Geneva, New York at $2.25 per 2-inch plant, 100 for $82.50. It is best adapted to hanging baskets, but must be watered daily (in very hot climates twice daily) and will then bloom from spring to fall. Frequent pinching back of the stems and added feeding ev- ery two weeks will enable it to be kept indoors over winter "to save for another year's cascade of blooms". Additional citations: CULTIVATED: New Jersey: Moldenke & Mol- denke 3130 (Ld). ica VERBENA xENGELMANNII Moldenke Additional bibliography: Mohlenbrock, Guide Vasc. Fl. Ill. 37. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 15315) & 221. 1977; Mohlenbrock & Ladd, Distrib. Il]. Vase. Pl. [27] & 276. 1978. Additional citations: INDIANA: Fulton Co.: Friesner 23110 (Au—-122108). MISSOURI: Saint Louis: Engelmann SMe |St. Loui Aug. 183] (Au--122806). * ba VERBENA EPHEDROIDES Cham. Additional synonymy: Verbena ephedroides var. ephedroides [Cham.] ex Troncoso, Darwiniana 21: 178. 1977. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 159. 1977; Troncoso & Bacigalupo, Darwiniana 21: 178. 1977. VERBENA EPHEDROIDES var. ENTRERIENSIS Troncoso in Troncoso & Bacigalupo, Darwiniana 21: 178. 1977. Bibliography: Troncoso & Bacigalupo, Darwiniana 21: 178. 19773 Troncoso & Bacigalupo, Biol. Abstr. 66: 3705. 1978. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having the leaves on its flowering branches shortly linear, 3--10 mm. long, the bracts 2--2.8 mm. long, surpassing the lower half of the calyx, the corolla-limb spreading, ).5—6 m. in diameter, the lobes 1.5—2 mm. wide, and the mericarps larger, 2—-2.5 mm. long, 0.7-—-0.8 mm. wide. The variety is based on A. Burkart 25405 from Rfo Feliciano, dept. La Paz, Entre Rios, Argentina, deposited in the San Isidro herbarium. It is said to inhabit "an pajonales y bafiados". The author cites also from Entre Rfos Lorentz 5 and sen. [C. del Uruguay, prox. Ao. La China] and Nicora 6391 in the San Isidro, Cérdoba, Buenos Aires, and Washington herbaria. VERBENA FASCICULATA Benth. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 15). 1977. Additional citations: PERU: Department undetermined: G. W. Bar- clay sen. (W—-27798 32) « 168 P B.Y/E,0 L. 0.6.24 Vol. 1, No. 3 VERBENA FILICAULIS Schau. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 15) (1977) and 0: 261. 1978. The following collections, previously cited by me as typical V. filicaulis, actually represent what is now known as var. pinnati- secta (Schau.) Moldenke: Dusén 15679, Hatschbach 2672, W. Hoehne 527, Lofgren sen. [Pinheiros, Nov. 2, 1893; Herb. Com. Geogr. & Geol. 1560; Herb. Inst. Bot. S. Paulo 15713], and Sellow 20 [Mac- bride photos 17439], the last-mentioned being the type collection of the new variety. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Paran4: Hatschbach 11756 (Ld). Santa Catarina: Smith & Reitz 12,82 (Au--21,9873) « VERBENA FILICAULIS var. AUSTRALIS (Moldenke) Moldenke, Phytologia 40: 261. 1978. ical Be Verbena australis Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 19-=20. 1948. Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 19--l\20. 198; Moldenke, Castanea 13: 117. 198; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 2], 93 & 197. 19493 Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. : 1250. 1919; Stellfeld, Trib. Farmac. 19 (10): 166. 1951; E. J. Salisb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 11: 262. 1953; Angely, Fl. Paran. 12: 17. 1958; Mol- denke, Résumé 109 & 470. 19593; Angely, Fl. Paran. 16: 78 (1960) and 17: 46. 1961; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 380 (1962) and 8: 61. 1963; Angely, Fl. Anal. Paran., ed. 1, 570. 1965; Moldenke, Fifth Summ, 1: 177 (1971) and 2: 912. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 22: 65 (1972), 23: 214 (1972), and 0: 261. 1978. This variety differs chiefly from the typical form of the species in its distinctly pilose stems, the plant often not nigrescent in drying. Recent collectors have found it growing in wet places, flowering in November, describing it as a "subshrub". The corollas are said to have been "blue" on Braga & al. 328. Citations: BRAZIL: Parana: Braga, Moreira, & Lange 328 (Ld, W— 2369350, Z); Dusén 13190 (F—photo of type, N--isotype, N--photo of type, S—type, Si--photo of type, Z—-photo of type). VERBENA FILICAULIS var. PINNATISECTA (Schau.) Moldenke, Phytologia 40: 261. 1978. Lae ao Verbena pinnatisecta Schau. in A. DC., Prodr. 11: Su9. Bibliography: Schau. in A. DC., Prodr. 11: 549. 18173; Schau. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 9: 192. 1851; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 2: 1179 (1895), imp. 2, 2: 1179 (1916), and imp. 3, 2: 1179. 1960; Moldenke, Phytologia 9: 119 & 120. 1963; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 2: 690. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 0: 261. 1978. This variety is based on Sellow 20, probably from Minas Gerais, and Riedel sen. from wet swampy places at or near Mugy das Cruces, So Paulo, Brazil, deposited in the De Candolle Herbarium at Gen- eva. All the collections cited below were previously cited by me 1979 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 169 under typical V. filicaulis before the present variety was recog= nized as a valid taxon characterized by its more husky habit throughout and larger leaves with their divisions noticeably wider. Collectors have encountered this plant in brejo (sedge meadows), swampy fields, and river margins, at 800 meters altitude, flower- ing from September to December. The corollas are said to have been "violet" in color when fresh on Hatschbach 2672 and "lilac" on Hatschbach 07h. on Citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Sellow 20 {[Macbride photos 17439] (Kr—-photo of cotype, Kr--photo of cotype, N--photo of co- type, N--photo of cotype, W—photo of cotype, Z—-photo of cotype). Paran&: Dusén 15679 (Ca—501671, Mu, N, S, S, W--11,8176)); Hatschbach 2672 (N), O74 (Z). S&o Paulo: W. Hoehne 527 (N); Lofgren son. [Pinheiros, Nov. 2, 1893; Herb. Com. Geogr. & Geol. 1560] (N, Sp—~15713). VERBENA FLAVA Gill. & Hook. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 15). 1977. Ammann encountered this plant at 700 meters altitude. Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Neuquen: Ammann 113 (N). VERBENA GALAPAGOSENSIS Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 15--155 & 458. 1977; Van der Werff, Bot. Notiser 130: 96--97. 1977. Van der Werff (1977) maintains that this taxon is conspecific with V. townsendii Svenson, which he regards as a very variable species. VERBENA GLABRATA H.B.K. Additional bibliography: Garcfa Barriga, Fl. Med. Colomb. 2: 51. 1975; Lépez-Palacios, Fl. Venez. Verb. 560, 569, & 653. 19775 Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 155, 235, & 458. 1977; Van der Werff, Bot. Notiser 130: 96-97. 1977. Lépez—Palacios, in a personal communication to me, reports that "El ejemplar Cecilia Torres 53 del herbario de Guayaquil tiene esta nota: 'Calma los célicos estomacales; higado; contra las inflamac-= iones vaginales; como purgante." Additional citations: ECUADOR: Pichincha: Asplund 17227 (14) « VERBENA GLABRATA var. TENUISPICATA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 155 & 58. 1977; Van der Werff, Bot. Notiser 130: 96—97. 1977. Van der Werff (1977) maintains that this taxon is conspecific with V. townsendii Svenson, which he regards as a very variable species. VERBENA GOODDINGII Briq. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 64: 6571. 1977; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 12h, 1), 17, 156-157, & 463 (1977) and 39: 161. 1978. : 170 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. hi, No. 3 Recent collectors report this species as "an infrequent peren- nial in granitic sand on open flats with Coleogyne, Yucca baccata, Gutierrezia, Hymenoclea, Mirabilis, etc.", "frequent in sandy ar- royos with Ephedra, Yucca schindigera, Y. baccata, Ferocactus, Hap= lopappus, etc.", "in sandy arroyos with Prunus fasciculata, Rhus trilobata, Ephedra, Yucca schidigera, Haplopappus, etc., infre- quent", "infrequent perennial in gravelly limestone soil of wash with Prums fasciculata, Cowania, Rhus trilobata, Brickellia mul- tiflora, Asclepias asperula, Artemisia nova, etc.", "infrequent on rocky granitic north-facing slopes with Pinus monophylla, Yuc- ca baccata, Juniperus, Salvia, Haplopappus, Opuntia, etc.", and "a common perennial with Pinus monophylla, Juniperus, Eriogonun, Agave, Haplopappus, Yucca, Ephedra, etc., as well as in gravelly soil, at l000--5000 feet altitude, flowering from April to July, fruiting in May and July. The corollas are said to have been “light=-blue" on Henrickson 734, "blue" on Prigge 1530, "lavender, drying blue" on Henrickson 9219, "“reddish-blue, drying blue" on Henrickson 10213, "pinkish, drying blue" on Henrickson 1011) and "purple" on Prigge & Henrickson 163. Additional citations: CALIFORNIA: San Bernardino Co.: Henrick= son 173k (Ld), 9219 (Ld), 1011 (N), 10213 (N), 11157 (Ld); Prigge 1530 (N); Prigge & Henrickson 163 (Au); Thorne ),3322 (Mi). VERBENA GOODDINGII var. NEPETIFOLIA Tidestr. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 12h, 147, & 156—157 (1977) and 39: 161. 1978. Recent collector have found this plant growing in volcanic sand in Idria-Franseria association with volcanic rock, at 2)00— 3000 feet altitude, flowering and fruiting in April. Additional citations: MEXICO: Baja California: Gentry & Cech 8997 (W-—281095). MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Tidestrom's original de- scription (W). VERBENA GRACILESCENS (Cham.) Herter Additional bibliography: DiFfulvio, Kurtziana 10: 70 & 7l, fig. lg. 1977; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 157--158. 1977; "J. W. S.", Biol. Abstr. 6: 5978. 1977. Additional illustrations: DiFulvio, Kurtziana 10: 70, fig. lg. a ie DiFulvio (1977) reports the chromosome number in this species as x = 7 and so concludes that Schnack's plant, earlier reported on in this series of notes, where x = 21, was a hexaploid. Material of V. gracilescens has been misidentified and distrib- ited in some herbaria as V. gracilis Cham. [=V. intermedia Gill. & Hook.], a totally dissimilar species. 1979 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 171 Additional citations: ARGENTINA: San Luis: Varela 52 (Au— 122121). Santa Fé: Ruiz Huidobro 318 (Au-~122120, Au--122122). VERBENA HALEI Small Additional bibliography: McGregor & al., Fl. Great Plains 568. 1977; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 63: 1851. 19773 Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 216-218, 236, 29, 277, 300, 303—306, & 6). 19773 K. E. Rogers, Sida 7: 2. 197753 Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 652 flLe svtoe Recent collectors refer to this species as "abundant in full sun, sandy clay soil", in "lay-loam of roadsides", "frequent in dry sandy soil associated with Chloris cucullata, Gutierrezia dracunculoides, and Verbesina encelioides", and "abundant at edge of pavement with bur-clover and Angallis arvensis". Rogers (1977) found it "Frequent along roads and trails. Native" in Forrest and Perry Counties, Mississippi. McGregor (1977) records it from Cot- ton County, Oklahoma, The corollas are said to have been "lavender-purple" on Duncan 2021), "purple" on B, Willer 3h, R. Miller 16, and Lundell & Lun- dell dell 10308 & 10398, “ “purple to blue or rarely light=pink" on Mas- sey 55 sey 545, " "lavender" on D. S. Correll 3727h, Correll & Correll 39002, Hutchins 453, and Lundell & Lundell 10139, 'bluish=-Lavender" on on Ellison & Ellison 1010, "blue" on n Hutchins 1049, "purple-blue" on Thieret 36996, “yale Wilber on on Runyon ),282 ,282,and "pink or lavender" on Lundell & Lundell 103. Parks s.n. eT Desenber 29, 1946] exhibits leaves on one sterile stem very much like those seen on V. runyoni Moldenkes hybridity may be involved. The Wieder, Dunn, Bennett, & Torke 99, distributed as V. halei, actually is V. carolina L., while H. M. Parker 67 is V. menthae- folia Benth., Wallace, LeDoux, & Dunn Dunn 197 is V is V. neomexicana var. hirtella Perry, Dunn, Torke, Bennett, & & Wieder r 22610 is V. pineto- rum Moldenke, Fleetwood 9459 and R. Runyon 4872 are V. runyoni Moldenke, ar Bennett, Torke, Wieder, & Du: & Dunn n 612 is cm xutha Lehn, Additional citations: SOUTH CAROL CAROLINA: - Aiken C Coe: Ellison | & El- lison 1010 (Au~—296225, Ld). GEORGIA: Sapelo Island: Duncan 2021) (Mi). “LOUISIANA: Calcasieu Par.: Crockett 6763 (Ld). Lafayette Par.: Thieret 36996 (Ld). OKLAHOMA: Atoka Co.: J. Taylor 18533 (Ld). Bryan Co.: Taylor & Taylor 10900 (ld). Love Co.: Taylor & Taylor 16262 (Ld). TEXAS: Atascosa Co.: C. E. Miller 51-)81 (Au-- 122265). Ba Bastrop Co.: Duval 21) (Au--291627) 3 Lundell & Lundell 1034 (Ld). Bexar Co.: “Burr | Us5h (Au--1222)7) . Brazos Coe: Cor- Cor= rell & Correll 39002 (Ld); G: Gould 5436 (Au--122266); Massey Sh5 (Ld); B. Miller 3) (Mu); R. Miller 16 (Iu); E. J. Palmer ner 11715 (Au—~122267) ; Parks SNe [h-6-)6] (Au—122270), Sone n. [December 29, 1946] (Au—122271). Gameron Co.: R. Runyon 676 - (Au—290518) , 4720 (Au--29099), 4857 (Au—290529), 4873 (Au—290)75), 4892 (Au— 290495). Dallas Co.: Lundell & Lundell 10398 (Ld). Tnvel Cost 172 PHYTO LOGI: Vol. 1, No. 3 Alvarez, Guajardo, Salazar, & McCart 7671 (ld). Fannin Co.: D. S. Correll 3727 (Ld). Frio Co.: Lundell & Lundell 10139 (Ld). Gal- veston Co.: Crockett 8361 (ld). Garza Co.: Hutchins 53 (Ld), 1049 (Ld). Guadalupe Co.: I. G. Patterson 118 (Ld). Hardin Cos: Crockett 1020 (Ld). Hidalgo Co.: Crockett 8005 (Ld). Jeff Davis Co.: Worthington 2787 (Ld). Jefferson Co.: Crockett 677 (Ld), 912 (Ld), 6923 (Ld), 6950 (Ld), 8413 (Ld). Karnes Co.: J.C. Johnson” 822 (Au--122258). Kleberg Co.: R. Runyon 4282 (Au—290]477). Llano Co.: Ohlenbusch 71 (Au--21958); Taylor & Taylor 1319) (Ld). Red River Co.: Taylor & Taylor 10689 (Ld). Travis Co.: Birge 2961 (Au— 122202); Lundell & Lundell 10308 (Ld); York 49001 (Au—122196). Mus- tang Island: Gillespie 63 (Au-=286070). MEXICO: Nuevo Leén: Roberts VERBENA HASTATA L. Additional synonymy: Verbena paniculata? pinnatifida (Lam.) Schau. in A. DC., Prodr. 11: 546. 1847. Verbena paniculata ® pinnatifida Lam. ex Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 495. 1858. Additional bibliography: Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 1: 325 (1826), ed. 2, 418 & 19 (1830), and ed. 3, 553. 1838; Shosteck, Flow. & Pl. 278=-279. 197; Mohlenbrock, Guide Vasc. Fl. Ill. 366 & 367. 1975; Palmer & Fowler, Fieldb. Nat. Hist., ed. 2, 287 & 777. 1975; Burk, Journ. Appl. Ecol. 1h: 517. 19775 Greller, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 10k: 176. 19773 Hehre, Rhodora 79: 237. 1977; Mc Gregor & al., Fl. Great Plains 281, map 1122. 1977; G. L. Mill., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 10: 387. 1977; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 21822), 239, 282, 303, 307, 451, & 461. 1977; Noblick, Annot. List Herb. Spec. M. Mitch. Assoc. 179. 1977; Speta, Candollea 32: 1h5 & 155. 1977; J. Taylor, Cat. Vasc. Aquat. Wetl. Pl. Okla. [Herb. SE. Okla. St. Univ. Publ. 1:] 8, 70, & 7h. 1977; Thompson & Heineke, Trans, Ill. Acad. Sci. 70: 126. 1977; Brink & Mayer, Phytologia 38: 9h. 1978; Burke, Biol. Abstr. 65: 771. 1978; Frankel, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 105: 154. 1978; Mohlenbrock & Ladd, Distrib. Ill. Vasc. Pl. [26] & 276. 1978; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 65: 71. 1978; A. L. Moldenke, Phytologia 39: 18). 1978. Additional illustrations: Palmer & Fowler, Fieldb. Nat. Hist., Ste 2 BOT LOTS. Sweet (1826) calls V. hastata the "halberd=leaved vervain" and says that it was introduced into British gardens in 1710 from Canada; V. paniculata he calls the "panicled vervain" and avers that it wasn't introduced from North America until 1810. Hehre (1977) records it from Gardiner's Island, New York, citing Hehre 302. Barber refers to it as “infrequent on thickly overgrown edges of open sandy creek banks", at 1650 feet altitude, in Kan- sas. Swanson reports it "uncommon" in Houston County, Minnesota, where he found "several plants growing on an old stump in submer- ged community in 1--1.5 m. of water north of a forested island 1979 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 173 bordered on all sides by the Phalaris and hardwood dominated is-= land" with "Salix community dominating the ends, Ulmus, scattered Phalaris, and mixed shrubs"; a photograph of the habitat accom- panies his no. 1238. In Wisconsin he found it growing 1.7 m. tall on a sand spit dominated by Salix interior; a photograph of this habitat accompanies his no. 1829. Burke (1977) reports that Verbena hastata was among those spe- cies not found in the Arcadia Wildlife Sanctuary in Northampton, Massachusetts, after the oil spill there in 1971 although it had been there before that date. Frankel (1978) reports it again from Westchester County, New York. Noblick (1977) cites the following collections from Nantucket County, Massachusetts: Albertson s.n., and Saurrocks & Shurrocks s.n., all deposited in the Maria Mitch- ell Association herbarium. Mohlenbrock (1975) reports the species in Illinois from "Wet woods, wet prairies, wet waste ground, com= mong in every co[unty]". Thompson & Heineke (1977) report it from Jackson County, Illinois, Material of V. hastata has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as "V. braziliensis Vell." On the other hand, the Higgins 1195, J. Taylor 23131, Taylor & Taylor 12289, and Tay- lor & Wright 23930, distributed as typical V. hastata, actually represent var. scabra Moldenke, while J. Taylor 23015 is V. urtici- folia L. and J, Taylor 22823 is V. xtha Leh. Additional & emended citations: NEW JERSEY: Hunterdon Co.: Mol= denke & Moldenke 3162 (Ld). Ocean Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 31533 (Le). ~ County undetermined: Knieskern s.n. (Mi). PENNSYLVANIA: Tioga Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 31139 (W--2777781). Union Cos: Moldenke & Moldenke 31150 (W--2777778). VIRGINIA: Clark Co.: Artz & Krouse sen. (27 Aug. 1971] (N). ILLINOIS: Henderson Co.: Taylor & Taylor 12052 (Ld). WISCONSIN: Fond du Lac Co.: Taylor & Taylor 12072 (Ld). Isanti Co.: Chandonnet s.n. [22 juillet 1899] (Mi). LaCrosse Co.: Swanson 1829 (N). Vernon Co.: Ziegler 513 (Ld). MINNESOTA: Houston Co.: Swanson 102) (N), 1288 (N), 2572 (Ld). Kansas: Barber Co.: Barrell 111=73 (W-=2802775). VERBENA HASTATA f. ROSEA Cheney Additional bibliography: Mohlenbrock, Guide Vasc. Fl. Ill. 366. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 223. 1977. VERBENA HASTATA var. SCABRA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 220, 221, 223— 224, & 239. 1977; A. L. Moldenke, Phytologia 39: 18). 1978. Higgins encountered this plant in Populus-Tamarix communities on sandhills, flowering and fruiting in September. Material of this variety has been misidentified and distributed 174 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. 3 in some herbaria as V. brasiliensis Vell., and, of course, as typi- cal V. hastata L. Additional citations: MINNESOTA: Yellow Medicine Co.: Taylor & Taylor 12289 (Ld). NEBRASKA: Chase Co.: Taylor & Taylor 9017 (Ld). UTAH: Utah Co.: Flowers sen. [Utah Lake, Aug. 10, 192] (Mi). OK- LAHOMA: Choctaw Co.: Taylor & Wright 23930 (Ld). Marshall Co.: J. Taylor 23131 (Ld). Woodward Co.: Correll & Correll 36351 (Ld). TEXAS: Potter Co.: Higgins 1195 (N). VERBENA HIRTA Spreng. Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.28: 171. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 22h——226 & 308. 19776 Hatschbach encountered this species on "campo sujo", flowering in February, the corollas said to have been "lilac" when fresh. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Paran4: Hatschbach 11166 (Ld). VERBENA HIRTA var. GRACILIS Dusén Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 225—226 & 308. 1977. Hatschbach has encountered this plant in brejo (sedge meadow), flowering in October. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Paran4d: Hatschbach 049 (Ld). VERBENA HISPIDA Ruiz & Pav. Additional synonymy: Verbena hispidula R. & P., in herb. Additional bibliography: Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 553. 18393 Perez-Arbelaez, Pl. Util. Colomb., ed. 1, 4 (197) and ed. 2, 7h5. 1956; Garcfa Barriga, Fl. Med. Colomb. 2: 511. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 226 & 292 (1977) and ll: 132. 1978; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 65: 71. 1978. Sweet (1839) calls this species the "hispid vervain" and states that it was introduced into British gardens from Peru in 1816. | VERBENA HOOKERIANA (Covas & Schnack) Moldenke Additional synonymy: Verbena critnifolia O'Donell & Meyer, in herb. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 226—-227. 1977. Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Catamarca: Hessling & Barkl 19Ar619 (Au--122309, Au—-122310); Lagname & Vervoorst 5 (La) 5 O'Donell & Meyer 5220 (N). VERBENA xHYBRIDA Voss Additional bibliography: Haines, Bot. Bihar & Orissa, ed. l, he 707 (1922) and ed. 2, 2: 72. 19615 Hartm. & Kester, Pl. Prop., ed. 3, 103 & 646. 1975; Palmer & Fowler, Fieldb. Nat. Hist., ed. 2, 286—287 & 777. 1975; Walls, Compl. Book Greenh. Gard. 278. 1979 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 175 1975; Cleene & De Ley, Bot. Rev. 42: 452. 1976; El-Kifl, El-Dessouki, & El-Khouly, Zeit. Angew. Zool. 63: 1-~18. 1976; Greenwood, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales 101: 20. 1977; Lépez—Palacios, Fl. Venez. Verb. 559-563 & 653, fig. 131. 1977; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 227--228, 277, 283, & 286. 1977; Nagy & Albert, Act. Phytopath. Acad. Sci. Hung. 12: 303-~306. 1977; W. J. Park, Park Seeds Fls. & Veg. 1978: 90. 19773 A. R. Robbins, How Grow Annuals, ed. 2, li, 82, 85, 181, 186, 200, [211]—216, 28-288, 290, 291, 296, & ad. 1977; Arora, Biol. Abstr. 66: 2513. 1978; Arora, Cytologia 43: 91, 92, 9h, & 95, fig. 1B. 1978; Nagy & Albert, Biol. Abstr. 66: 165). 1978; Pirone, Diseas. & Pests Or- nament. Pl., ed. 5, 527. 1978; W. H. Warren, Garden 2 (4): 15. 1978. Additional illustrations: Palmer & Fowler, Fieldb. Nat. Hist., ed. 2, 286. 1975; Walls, Comp. Book Greenh. Gard. 278. 1975; Lé-. pez—Palacios, Fl. Venez. Verb. [561], fig. 131. 19775 W. J. Park, Park Seeds Fls. & Veg. 1978: 90 [in color]. 1977; A. R. Robbins, How Grow Annuals, ed. 2, [211] & ad. 1977. Robbins (1977) describes this hybrid as comprising two general types, a tall type with plants 12—-15 inches tall and a dwarf type with plants 6—12 inches tall. The seeds should be planted 10 inches apart; germination time is 10—15 days. They will be= gin to bloom in 10 weeks, bloom until frost, and are generally half-hardy. Indoor or coldframe starting is not required and they can be transplanted, but there is usually no self=-sow, and fall-sow is not recommended. The corolla colors include white, pink, rose, crimson, and many shades of blue from light to very dark, and pure lavender, mostly combined with white. Of the Hybrida grandiflora type there are some 50 varieties; the color is usually not completely fixed, so "a color listed in a catalogue as rose, for instance, may have every shade from almost white to deep pink flowers". She lists particularly: Annapolis Blue, a blend of light, medium, and dark blue flowers with a small white eye; Marilyn, a fiery cerise; Salmon Pink, soft salmon-pink; Snowy White, white; Beauty of Oxford Hybrids, clear rose-pink to deep rose-red with white eye; Lavender Glory, lavender-blue, with creamy-white eye; Sutton's Blue, deep royal—blue; and Royal Bou- quet, of different more rigid upright growth to 18 inches, in many colors, Of Dwarf Verbena she lists ) main types: (1) Gigantea, 10-inch plants with semi-doubled ruffled flowers tightly clustered ina ball -- Ruffled White, with pure white, and Ruffled Pink, with delicate salmon—pink corollas; (2) Dwarf Sparkle: neat compact 8— 10-inch plants completely covered with flowers -- Amethyst, mid- lavender-blue with white eye; Blaze, bright-scarlet heads 3 inches across; Crystal, white; Delight, coral-pink suffused with salmon; Sparkle, scarlet with white eye; Splendor, royal-purple with white eye; (33 Multiflora or Bush: 10—-12 inches tall and a foot or more in diameter -- Firelight, solid red without any eye; Roselight, rose=pink with white eye; Salmon Queen, salmon-pink; Snow Queen, pure-white; Starlight, with blue with cream eye; (45 Rainbow: 176 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. lil, No. 3 early-flowering, dwarf, upright, 8--10 inches tall, mixed colors, mostly eyed. She gives detailed culture directions, suggested dates for planting, care and cultivation, uses, and planting com= binations with other garden flowers. Cleene & De Ley (1976) report that xV. hybrida is susceptible to infection by crown-gall, Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Greenwood (1977) reports infestation by Aulacaspis pentagona on the stems and leaves. Pinkus says of his no. 3, cited below, that it is a "rangy purple" in color, while his no. 4 is "red and a rather nice orna= mental plant". Park (1977) offers 3 general types of this verbena: (1) Sparkle type (neatest in habit) with Amethyst, Blake [illustrated], and Sparkle Mixed, (2) Bush type with Regalia Mixture and Spirit of '76 [illustrated], and (3) Gigantea Dwarf with Springtime Mixture [il- lustrated]. Lépez=Palacios (1977) lists the phytochemistry as "en la V. hy- brida, delfinidina-3,5-diglicésido, delfinidina-3monoglicésido y glucosa (?) en las flores". He cites from Venezuela the following collections: Federal District: Lasser 3471, 3480; Schnee 936. Mérida: Lépez-Palacios 2212; Trujillo 628), 8047. Td&chira: Fer= n4ndez 896. Trujillo: Ruiz-Ter4n & Lépez-Palacios 7602. In a per= sonal communication to me he reports the following vernacular names from Colombia and Venezuela: "verbena de jardfn", "verbena extranjera", and "virginia". Pirone (1978) lists the following diseases and pests as attack= ing the garden verbena: flower=blight (Botrytis cinerea), powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum), stem-rot (Macrophomina phaseoli), root-rot (Pellicularia filamentosa, Phymatotrichum omnivorum, and Theilaviopsis basicola). In addition, the species listed by him under Verbena as a genus probably also apply here. Material of this hybrid has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as V. ciliata Benth. Additional citations: ARIZONA: Pima Co.: Gustafson Snes (Jan. 8, 1932] (Mi). CULTIVATED: Louisiana: Pinkus 3 (Z), 4 (2). Texas: Lundell & Lundell 9763 (Ld). VERBENA xILLICITA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Mohlenbrock, Guide Vasc. Fl. Ill. 367. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 228-229. 1977; Mohlenbrock & Ladd, Distrib. Ill. Vasc. Pl. [247] & 276. 1978. Mohlenbrock (1975) says that in Illinois this hybrid occurs in "Low grounds; scattered throughout the state". Additional citations: ILLINOIS: Pike Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 31561 (Le, Ld). a) ee VERBENA INCISA Hook. Additional bibliography: Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 553. 1839; 1979 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 177 Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 229--230, 20, 283, & 285. 1977. Sweet (1839) calls this species the "cut-leaved vervain" and as- serts that it was introduced into English gardens in 1836 from San- ta Fé, Argentina. The Ekman H.12615, distributed as V. incisa, actually is V. ten- uisecta Briq. Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Formosa: I. Morel 119 (Au-- 122313). Santa Fé: Terrible 366 (Au—-12231h). VERBENA JORDANENSIS Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 230. 1977. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Santa Catarina: Smith & Reitz 1279 (Au—2)9878) . VERBENA LACINIATA (L.) Bria. Additional synonymy: Glandularia laciniata (Lam.) Speta, Can- dollea 23: 155. 1977. Additional bibliography: Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 1: 325 (1826) and ed. 3, 553. 1839; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 230-232, 241, & 290. 19773 Speta, Candollea 32: 146 & 155. 1977; Moldenke, Phytologia 38: 386 & 01 (1978) and 39: 99. 1978. Lindeman & Haas encountered this plant "in blown up sand at landward foot of isolated rock on the beach" and their no. 3758 is said by them to have had its corollas "purple (10P6/6)". Sweet (1826) calls this species the "Erinus-like vervain" and asserts that it was introduced into English gardens from Peru in 1820, Speta (1977) reports the presence of "Stapel quadratischer Plattchen" in the cell nuclei of this species as in V. canaden- sis (L.) Britton, which see for further details. v3 ~ Additional citations: ECUADOR: Chimborazo: Asplund 20,63 (Ld); Fagerlind & Wibom 837 (Ld). BRAZIL: Paran4: Lindeman & Haas 3758 (Ut--320413) . VERBENA LACINIATA var. CONTRACTA (Lindl.) Moldenke Additional synonymy: Verbena erinoides P sabini D. Don ex Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 553 lb326 Additional bibliography: Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 553. 1832; Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 553. 18393 Moldenke, Phytologia 36: Sweet (1839) calls this plant "Sabine's vervain" and asserts that it was introduced into English gardens from Chile in 1830. VERBENA LASIOSTACHYS Link Additional bibliography: Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 1: 325 (1826) and ed. 3, 553. 1839; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 232-233 & 2772 1977. Sweet (1826) calls this species the "woolly=spiked vervain" and dates its introduction to cultivation in English gardens from 178 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 41, No. 3 California as 1823; V. prostrata, the "prostrate vervain", he says was introduced from "North America" in 179). It should be noted here that the V. prostrata var. glandulosa of Dunkle is a synonym of V. robusta Greene. The Dunkle 858, distributed as V, lasiostachys, actually is Ve robusta Gr Greene. VERBENA LILACINA Greene Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 233. 1977. Davidson found this plant growing "in a narrow, shady, steep, rocky (metamorphic) canyon in sandy stream channel with some pockets of spring-fed water still remaining, associated with Trixis californica, Viguiera lanata, Verbesina peninsularis, En- celia californica asperifolia, Acalypha californica, and Simmond= sia chinensis." Additional citations: MEXICO: Baja Californica: Davidson 595 (N). VERBENA LITORALIS H.B.K. Additional & emended synonymy: Verbena caracasana H.B.K., Nov. Cen. & Sp. Pl., ed. folio, 2: 223. 1817. Verbena caracassana Humb. & Bonpl. ex Steud., Nom. Bot. Phan, ed. 1, Of2s JUekEy Verbena caracasana Humb. ex Spreng. in L., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 78. 1825. Verbena caracassana H.B.K. ex Cham., Linnaea 7: oes, 1832. Verbena cara caracasana Humb. & Bonpl. ex Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 750. 181. Verbena caracasana Humb. & Kunth ex D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 3: 601. 183. Verbena caracasana Kunth ex Schau, in A. DC., Prodr. 11: 542, in syn. 1847. Verbena litoralis var. cara- casana (H.B.K.) Briq., Ann. Conserv. & Jard. Bot. Genév. 7-8: 292. 190. Verbena littoralis var. leptostachya Schau. ex Briq., Ann. Conserv. & Jard. Bot. Genév. 7-8: 292, in syn. 190). Verbena litoralis var. caracasana Briq., Ann. Conserv. & Jard. Bot. Genév. 7-8: 292. 190i; Moldenke, Prelim. Alph. List Inv. Names 7, in syn. 19,0. Verbena litoralis var. caracasana (Kunth) Briq. ex Moldenke, Suppl. List Inv. Names 25, in syn. 1947. Verbena littoralis var. caracassana Briq. ex Moldenke, Résumé 369, in syn. 1959. Verbena carascana H.B.K. ex Moldenke, Phytologia 3h: 278, in syn. 1976. Additional bibliography: Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 768. 1839; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 510. 1891; Rojas Acosta, Cat. Hist. Nat. Corrient. 206. 1897; Perez-Arbelaez, Pl. Util. Colomb., ed. l, hi (1947) and ed. 2, 745. 19563 Garcfa Barriga, Fl. Med. Colomb. 2: 512—513. 1975; Dantas Barreto, Fontes, Ramos Lopes, Rainha, Rozeira, Da Silva, Pinto da Silva, & Teles, Agron. Lusit. 37% 167--188. 1976; Dantas Barreto, Fontes, Ramos Lopes, Rainha, Ro= zeira, Da Silva; Pinto da Silva, & Teles, Biol. Abstr. 63: 1819. 19775 "Lépez-Palacios, Fl. Venez. Verb. 559, 560, 563--571, 653, & 1979 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 179 656, fig. 132 & 133. 1977; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 6: 1787. 1977: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 233-237, 277, 281, 298, & 62.1977; Van der Werff, Bot. Notiser 130: 96. 1977; Dodson & Gentry, Sel- byana 4: 578, 580, 581, 605, & 628, pl. 272C. 1978; Mejias, Act. Bot. Venez. 13: 304. 1978; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 65: 71. 1978; Moldenke, Phytologia 38: 259. 1978. : Additional illustrations: Garcfa Barriga, Fl. Med. Colomb. 2: 513. 19755 Lépez-Palacios, Fl. Venez. Verb. [561], fig. 132. 1977; Dodson & Gentry, Selbyana }: 561, pl. 2720. 1976. Sweet (1839) avers that this species was introduced into cul- tivation in British gardens from South America in 1832. Recent collectors have encountered this plant in cleared fields and "trochas of finca", at the "upper edge of marsh meadow", and in subxerophytic microthermic habitats, at altitudes of 1020-- 3603 meters, flowering and fruiting in May, October, and December, and refer to it as 2 meters tall. The corollas are said to have been "purple" on Kirkbride 2428 and Sousa & Diego 171, "blue" on Breedlove 10855, 12618, & 1429, Contreras 2635 & 3088, Kral 27566, Ruiz Huidobro 3883, and Ton 1054, "rose" on Toni 5663, "lavender- purple" on Howell 8882, "violet, ca. white in tube" on MacBryde 9u9, and "tube violet, limb lilac" on Cuatrecasas 22877. Mejias (1978) records the species from Monagas, Venezuela, and lists the vernacular name, "verbena". Other collectors list "yerbena del litoral". Lépez-Palacios, in a personal communication to me, says "'Verbena', 'Verbena blanca', a los que deben agregarse los de 'Verbena chiquita' y 'Espina de raya', que Garcfa-Barriga, o.c.: 511 y 512 sefiala para V. hispida R. & P., taxa no seflalada en Colombia y de imposible ocurrencia en los Llanos Orientales. Las dos citas que alli se aducen para tierras altas, corresponde la una, Pérez—Arbelaez 1207 a Ve. valerianoides HBK, y la otra, Triana 3685 a V. trifida HBK." Cuatrecasas 22877 seems to represent an extra large-leaved forn, while Howell 8882 exhibits uniformly very small leaves and Howell 8959 extra stiff leaves. Lépez—Palacios, in a letter to me dated May 16, 1977, says that his no. "332", cited by me in a previous installment of these notes, should be "4232". In his 1977 work he cites the following collections from Venezuela: Aragua: Benftez 911; Chardon 182; Fern4ndez 5433; Holt 3763; Moldenke & Moldenke 19550; Montilla 11; Trujillo s.n. Barinas: Karsten s.n. Falcén: Agostini & Agostini 1130; Lasser & Foldats 2987. - Federal District: Alston 5430; Bailey & Bailey 352; Burkart 16019; Eggers 13053; Ferndndez 823; Funck 570; Humboldt & Bonpland 638; Kuntze 1263; Lasser 725; Linden 333; Moritz 811; Pittier 9732; Potter 5100; Schnee },05; Tama- yo 737; Vogl 182. Lara: Benitez 236; Mocquerys 893; Saer 829; Smith V.147; Trujillo 2587. Mérida: Breteler 3056; Gehriger 219, 5335 Ginés 685; Hanbury-Tracy 2), 256; Jahn 535; Lasser 15; Lasser al. 4467; Linden 33h; Lépez~Palacios 2035, 31753; Lépez—Palacios & Ie 180 PEDSLOLO RAZA Vol. 1, No. 3 Bautista 3431; Oberwinkler 12196; E. Reed 610; Ruiz-Terén 172, 5988; Ruiz-Terén & - & Lépez-Figueiras 3 85185 “Ruiz-Teran & “L6pez-Palacios 1903, 66173; Trujillo 7755, 7866, 8012, 812), 8346; Vareschi & al. 1610. Miranda: Agostini 172 ni 172, , 487; Bar Barros 8. SNe} 3 Benftez 7225 1223 Holt it Whi Mol- denke & Moldenke 19562. P Portuguesa: Burkart art 17069. Sucre: Funck _ Su, 3 325, 637.6 Trujillo: Burkart 16815; De Bellard sen; Ginés és 11312; Ruiz-Terén & & Lépez=Palacios 7,00. Yaracuy: Foldats "2047; Truj rujillo & Fernandez 768. Zulia: Mocquerys 893; Plée 56. State undetermined: Grosourdy s.n. He comments that "aunque n no - haya registro de otros estados, con on seguridad existe en todos ellos." He also notes that Troncoso regards Mocquerys 893 asV. glabrata H.B.K. Dodson & Gentry (1978 cite Dodson & al. 5695 from Los Rfos, Ec- uador, while Walker (1976) cites Walker 68103 & 8127 from Okinawa. Material of V. litoralis has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as V. "hispidule R. & P." On the other hand, the Stutzenbaker 205, distributed as V. litoralis, actually is V. bras- iliensis Vell., while Correll & Correll 39002 is V, halei Small, J. Taylor 17625 is V. parvula Hayek, and Meebold 26897 is is V. scabra Vahl. Additional citations: MEXICO: Chiapas: Breedlove 10855 (Ld), 12618 (Ld), 129 (Ld); Ton 1054 (Ld). Jalisco: Re Kral Kral 27566 (W-— 2825923). Michoac4n: Hinton 12869 (N). Tamaulipas: “Richardson 199 (Ld), 371 (Ld). Veracruz: Sousa & Diego 1471 (Ld). GUATEMALA: zi” Petén: Contreras 2635 (Au—22805) , 3088 (Au--228026). COSTA RICA: San José: J, Taylor or 1746 (La). COLOMBIA: Magdalena: Kirkbride 2.28 (N). Valle del Cauca: Cuatrecasas 17 (W—2773000), 20663 (W==2817213), 22877 (W-~2817657). ECUADOR: Los Rfos: MacBryde 9L9 (W——2812896). GALAPAGOS ISLANDS: Albemarle: Howell 8959 (W—— 281446). Charles: Howell 8882 (W--281)))5). PERU: Cuzco: Brunel 135 (W—-278856). BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Toni 5663 (N). CHILEs Tarapaca: ZOllner 9609 (Ld). ARGENTINA: Cérdoba: Balegno 893 (Au-- 122323). Corrientes: Krapovickas, Cristébal, Arbo, Maruflak, Maru- flak, & Irigoyen 1663) (Ld); Ruiz Huidobro 3 73883 3 (N). Formosa: __ Krapovickas, Mroginski, & FernAndez 19562 19562 (Ld). MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Walker, Fl, Okin. & South. Ryuk. 88. 1976 (W). VERBENA LITORALIS var. ALBIFLORA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 237. 1977. Lépez=Palacios, in a personal communication to me, comments that "Moldenke dice en Phytologia 10: 76 (traduzco): "Se le registra con el nombre vernaculo de Verbena blanca!’ que inadvertidamente di para la especie tfpica en mi Supplementary list of common and vernacular names en 190". Pero resulta que en Colombia se llama 'Verbena blanea' a la tf{pica litoralis para distinguirla de ciertas Stachy- tarphetae (principalmente S. cayennensis ) a las que se denomina 'Verbena negra! ,"! 1979 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 181 Additional citations: MEXICO: Chiapas: Breedlove 958 (Ld). VERBENA LOBATA Vell. Marisa bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 237—238 & 305. 1977. Hatschbach & Landrum refer to this plant as an herb with lilac corollas and found it growing in wet soil of capoeira, flowering in October, Additional citations: BRAZIL: Paran4: Hatschbach & Landrum 0425 (Ld). VERBENA LONGIFOLIA Mart. & Gal. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 238. 1977. Contreras refers to this species as an herb of wet land. The corollas are said to have been "lilac" on Contreras 6152 and "white to pale=pink" on Ernst 2355a. The plant has been found in flower and fruit in January and September. Material has been mis= identified and distributed in some herbaria as V. officinalis L. Additional citations: MEXICO: Oaxaca: Ernst 2355a (W--2798517). GUATEMALA: El Petén: Contreras 6152 (Ld). VERBENA LONGIFOLIA f. ALBIFLORA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 238. 1977. This plant has been found in flower and fruit in July and mater- ials has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as V. officinalis L. The corollas on Ernst 2355a, cited under typical V. longifolia (above), are said to have been "white to pale-pink" when fresh, so this collection may better be listed under the present form. eee citations: GUATEMALA: El Quiché: Contreras 527 (Ld, Ld e VERBENA MACDOUGALII Heller Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 238--239. 1977. Barrell encountered this plant in association with Rhus triloba- ta and Glycyrrhiza in crevices of volcanic country rock outcrop— pings, at 8000 feet altitude, flowering in August. Additional citations: COLORADO: Conejos Co.: W. A. Weber ee (Au--122329). Gunnison Co.: Barrell 218-65 (wW—280983L) . NEW IcO: Otero Co.: Correll & Correll 39216 (Ld). ARIZONA: Apache Co.: Crutchfield 2089 (Ld). VERBENA MACROSPERMA Speg,. This taxon is now regarded as synonymous with V. sulphurea var. intermedia Kuntze, which see. VERBENA MARITIMA Small Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 239—-2)0 & 53. 182 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. h1, No. 3 1977; Poppeton, Shuey, & Sweet, Fla. Scient. 0: 38). 1977; Craig, Proc. Fla. State Hortic. Soc. 90: 109. 1978. Recent collectors describe this species as a sprawling plant growing in open sandy soil, flowering in March. The corollas are said to have been "dark-red" on B, M, Davis sen. [Apr. 9, 1933] and "lavender" on Correll & al. 951). Craig (1978) reports find- ing the plant on about 3 percent of the coastal dunes sites stud- ied by him in southeastern and southwestern Florida. His work is mis=dated "1977" on its title-page. Additional citations: FLORIDA: Palm Beach Co.: Correll, Cor= rell, Austin, & Eckenwalder 1,951) (N). Volusia Co.: B. M. Davis s.n. (Apr. 9, 1933] (Mi). VERBENA MEDICINALIS Rojas Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 20. 1977. Rojas Acosta (1897) calls this plant the "verbena del incordio", but fails to provide us with a description. VERBENA MBEGAPOTAMICA Spreng. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 20. 1977. The V. Maruflak 134, distributed as V. megapotamica, actually is V. phlogiflora Cham. VERBENA MENDOCINA R. A. Phil. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 240—-2)1. 1977; Markgraf & D'Antoni, Pollen Fl. Argent. 20 & 99. 1978 Markgraf & D'Antoni (1978) describe the pollen of this species as "Tricolporate, scabrate. Grain prolate-spheroidal, 26 x 25 um. Exine 1.5 um thick. Pore lalongate 6 x 2 um, protruding, margo 6 um wide, colpus narrow. Polar A 0.5, amb sub-angular", based on Lagiglia 29 from Mendoza, Argentina. It is suspected that "um" here is intended to be "mu", VERBENA MENTHAEFOLIA Benth. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 21, 2hh, & 277. 1977. Breedlove encountered the very small=-leaved form of this spec- ES HE LT hea, and Plumeria", at 1000 meters altitude, flowering and fruiting in August. The corollas are said to have been "blue" on Breedlove 27018. Additional citations: MEXICO: Chiapas: Breedlove 1057 (Ld), 11161 (Ld), 27018 (Ld, N). Durango: H. M. Parker 647 (Id). Méxi- co: Pringle 853 (Ld). VERBENA XxMOECHINA Moldenke Additional bibliography: monlenbrock, Guide Vasc. Fl. Ill. 366. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 242 & 307. 1977; Mohlenbrock & Ladd, Distrib. Ill. Vasc. Pl. [27] & 276. 1978. [to be contimed] NOTES ON MIKANIA (COMPOSITAE) - V Walter C. Holmes Institute for Botanical Exploration and Dept. Biological Science, Northwestern State University of Louisiana, Natchitoches, Louisiana and Sidney McDaniel Institute for Botanical Exploration Mississippi State, Mississippi MIKANIA ANGULARIS H. & B., Pl. Aeq. 2: 87. 1809. Type: Ecuador, Gonanama, Humboldt & Bonpland 3434 (P) M. armigera Poepp., Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Spec. 3M 52, f3z5 ; Type: PerG, Cuchero, Poeppig D (F:, isotype) M. laxa DC., Prodr. 5: 200. 1836. Type: PerG, Poeppig 1218 (W, F-photo!) Mikania angularis is a rarely collected plant of Pert, Ecuador and Colombia. It is very similar in many respects to M. vitifolia DC., but easily distinguished by its corolla teeth being distinctly greater in length than the true throat. Mikania vitifolia has corolla teeth and throat about the same length. Robinson (1922), in his key to Mikania of Perd, separated M. angularis from M. laxa on the direction of di- vergence of the banat lobes of the leaves and pappus color. Comparison of these two plants showed that the direction of basal lobe divergence varied on the same plant and cannot be considered as an accurate distinguishing character. Separa- ting M. laxa from M. angularis on the basis of a rufescent pappus is arbitary at best, since, according to Steyermark (1953), the reddish color of the pappus may be due to aging or drying in some particular manner, and the character cannot be accepted as trustworthy. Apparently there is no character that consistently separates M. laxa from M. angularis, the two are therefore considered conspecific. Specimens examined: PERU: Cuzco: Piuipiui, 720 m, September 28, 1966, C. Vargas T. 17793 (US). Huanuco: Huanuco, near Monzon River, Weberbauer 3640 (F). Junin: La Merced, Hacienda Schunke, 4000 ft., August 27-Sept. 1, 1923, J. F. Macbride a290 (F,. GH, US). 183 18), PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. 3 MIKANIA BANISTERIAE DC., Prodr. 5: 193. 1836. In connection with monographic work in Mikania it was necessary to determine the correct status of a number of Peruvian species with close affinities with M. banisteriae. Steyermark (1953) was the first to recognize “the extreme polymorphism in this complex which is characterized by con- siderable variability in tomentum on stems, petioles, leaves, rachis and in leaf-shape. Among the more constant charac- ters useful in keying and delimitation are the nearly glabrate ovate-oblong involucral scales with rounded apices, ovate exterior bract usually borne slightly beneath and about one-half the length of the involucre, corolla tube and throat about the same length, the throat being abruptly and broadly campanulate (about as wide as high), and corolla teeth about the same length as the throat. Peruvian plants, other than those previously treated by Steyermark (1953) and all proposed by Robinson, included here are M. macbridei, M. rugosa, M. bullata and M. trichodes. The Iatter three species had types housed at B which are presummed to be destroyed, making direct comparison difficult. In Robinson's key (1922) to Mikania of Peri, these three species are closely allied to M. LIanuginosa and M. ruiziana (both = M. banisteriae) and inseparable, with material available for study, by the charac- ters used in the key, making correct disposition somewhat provisional. However, an examination of type fragments of these three species at GH reveals constant and adequate differences from M. banisteriae and they should be maintained as distinct. Mikania macbridei, with ample material for study including the type, does not appear to be distinct from M. banisteriae. Each name will be discussed in turn below. MIKANIA MACBRIDEI Robinson, Contrib. Gray Herb. 73: 27. 1924. Type: PERU: Junin: La Merced, Hacienda Schunke, ca 4000 ft. August 27-September 1, 1923, J. F. Macbride 5728 (F:) According to Robinson (1924), this is a well-marked species with all but the youngest leaves covered with a very curious white veil-like covering which upon closer examination proves to be a fungal mycelium. Examination of the holotype showed that it exhibited all of the reliable diagnostic characteristics of M. banisteriae mentioned above. The only distinguishable character is the presence of the fungus which naturally does not justify retention of specific status. It is unfortunate that this Mikania named in honor of J. Francis Macbride, who greatly furthered the botanical know- ledge of Pert, be no more than a specimen of M. banisteriae in- fected with a fungus. The plants cited below, all determined and annotated in the hand of B. L. Robinson, have on the basis of the presence of a whitish fungal mycelium been referred 1979 Holmes & McDaniel, Notes on Mikania 185 to M. macbridei and are otherwise indistinguishable from M. banisteriae and should therefore be considered that species. Specimens examined: PERU: Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, 1500 m, July 1929, Carlos Schunke 475, 476 (both F); Chanchamayo Valley, Quimiri, 1500 m, June 1929, Carlos Schunke 26 (F,GH) (The heads of this collection are extremely immature and/or severely infected by a fungus.) To further compound the above problem, additional speci- mens from Junin, Pert, also have been identified as M. mac- bridei (= M. banisteriae). These have what appears to be a fungal mycelium, though not to the extent of the above speci- mens, or possibly they have a fine velvety pubescence. The material is certainly different from what was known as M. macbridei (= M. banisteriae), possessing a more open inflor- escence with the heads somewhat clustered toward the tips of the branches. Heads are at most 5 mm in length and appear normal in all respects. Mikania banisteriae has heads 8 mm or more in length. The exterior bract in these speci- mens is much shorter, ca 1 mm long. The corolla is also smaller, ca 3 mm long, with the tube gradually expanding into a funnelform throat. (See above for further characters of M. banisteriae.) As the material is not referable to any known species, it is described below as new. MIKANIA JUNINENSIS Holmes & McDaniel, sp. nov. Suffrutex volubilis; foliis ovatis, ad 8.5 cm longis et 4.5 cm latis, apice acutis vel rotundatis, basi rotundatis vel obtusis, marginibus integris; inflorescentiis paniculatis, capitulis ca 5 mm longis, corollis ca 3-3.3 mm longis, dentibus limbi anguste triangularis, ca 1 mm longis; achaeniis ca 2 mm longis; pappi setis ca 30, ca 3 mm longis, barbellatis. Subligneous vine; stems terete, velvety-tomentulose, internodes ca 7 mm long; leaves ovate, ca 8.5 cm long and 4.5 cm wide, margins entire, apices acute to rounded, bases rounded to obtuse, upper surfaces glabrate, pinnately nerved, the major nerves with dense white appressed pubescence, lower surfaces crisped-hairy mainly on the nerves, the veins exserted, lighter than above, petiole ca 1-2 cm long, velvety- tomentulose. Inflorescence a rather open panicle with the heads clustered near the tips of the oppositely borne branches, ca 30 cm long and 15 cm in diameter, branchlets terete, velvety-tomentulose. Heads 3-4 mm long, exterior bract ovate- oblong, ca 1-1.2 mm long, glabrate, apices rounded, irregularly ciliate, borne well beneath the involucre. Involucral scales oblong, ca 3 mm long, glabrate, apices rounded. Corolla ca 186 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. 3 3-3.3 mm long, greenish-white, tube ca 1-1.2 mm long, grad- ually expanded into the turbinate throat, throat ca 2.3-2.5 mm long, teeth lanceolate to narrowly triangular, ca 1.3 mm long. Achene ca 2 mm long, olivaceous, pappus bristles ca 30, ca 3 mm long, barbellate. Type: PERU: Junin: Pichis Trail, Porvenir, 1500-1900 mn, July 3-4, 1929, Killip & Smith 25912 (GH-holotype, F-isotype). Paratype: PERU: Junin: Pichis Trail, Dos de Mayo, 1700-1900 m, July 2-3, 1929, Killip & Smith 25797 (GH). As previously stated, the pubescence of this species is difficult to distinguish from a fungal mycelium. In color it is white and easily rubbed off. However, this condition appears to have in no way affected the plant and is not used in separating this plant from all other Peruvian species of Mikania. MIKANIA RUGOSA Robinson, Contrib. Gray Herb. 61: 20. 1920. Type: PERU: Puno: Ramospata, between Sandia and Chunchusmayo, 2400-2500 m, July 27, 1902, Weberbauer 1323 (B-destroyed?, GH-photo & fragm.!). Mikania rugosa may be distinguished from M. banis- teriae by its somewhat hexagonal stem and densely tawny- tomentulose involucre. Mikania banisteriae has terete stems and glabrate involucral scales. In all other charac- ters the two plants are suspiciously alike. MIKANIA BULLATA Robinson, Contrib. Gray Herb. 61: 13. 1920. Type: PERU: Puno: between Tambo Ichubamba and Tambo Yunca- coyo, on the way from Sandfa to Chunchusmayo, 1800-2000 mn, Weberbauer 1085 (B-destroyed?, GH-photo & fragm.'). Robinson (1922) separates Mikania bullata from M. ruiziana and M. lanuginosa (both = M. banisteriae) by color and texture of pubescence, leaf shape and character of the leaf surfaces. As previously noted, these characters cannot be used with any degree of certainty in this complex. How- ever, this species differs from M. banisteriae in the scabrid nature of itsupper leaf surface and the linear to oblanceo- late exterior that is one-half or more the length of the involucre. These two traits appear to be consistent on the small fragments of the type seen and justify retention of the name. 1979 Holmes & McDaniel, Notes on Mikania 187 MIKANIA TRICHODES Robinson, Contrib. Gray Herb. 61: 22. 1920 Type: PERU: Huanuco: Huamalies, mountains to the SW of Monzon, 2500-2900 m, Weberbauer 3395 (B-destroyed?, GH-photo & fragment!) Separated from Mikania banisteriae by its scabrous stem and very prominent interpetiolar ring or fold connec- ting opposite petioles. Other than these characteristics, exceeding near M. banisteriae and doubtfully distinct, but under the above stated conditions, better treated at present as distinct. MIKANIA CRISTATA Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 47: 6. 1911. (Contrib. Gray Herb. 39: 195. 1911.) : Type: Costa Rica: La Palma, 1459 m, A. Tonduz 12583 (US!) Formerly unknown outside of Costa Rica, this species has recently been collected in Chiriqui, Panam&. The ovate leaves with cordate bases, twining habit, corymbose inflores- cence and heads about 10 mm long resemble the more prevalent Mikania cordifolia (L. f.) Willd., a species with which M. cristata is often confused. The latter species is charac- terized by its large, stipular-like nodal appendages, terete glabrous stems, and linear corolla teeth that are about three times the length of the throat. Mikania cordifolia has exceedingly small nodal appendages which are not at all prominent, tomentulose to tomentose hexagonal stem and corolla teeth slightly longer than the throat. This species makes an interesting addition to the known species of Mikania from Panama. Specimens examined: COSTA RICA: Alajuela: La Palma de San Ramon, Sept. 21, 1928, A. M. Brenes 6323 (NY); Cartago: Cerro de la Muerte, 3000 ft, Aug. 24, 1962, R. M. King 5394 (MICH, TEX, US); roadside 8 km se of Tapanti, 1500 m, June 18, 1967, R. W. Lent 1057 (MO); San José: La Palma, 1459 ft, Sept. 1898, A. Tonduz 7421 (US); near Finca La Cima, above Los Lotes, n of El Copey, Dec. 21-22, 1925, P. C. Standley 42612 (US); La Palma, 5600 ft. Jan. 28, 1972, R. M. King S); Prov. unknown: Very Blanca de Sarapiqui, n slope of Central Cordillera, A. F. Skutch 3176 (MO, US) & 3655 (MO, TEX). PANAMA: Chiriqui: Cerro Respinga, above town of Cerro Punta, 8400 ft, Aug. 8, 1972, W. G. & J. D. D'Arcy 6564 (MO); Boquete, Cerro Horqueta, 5000-6000 ft, Aug. 8, 1567, J. D. Dwyer 7689 (MO). Another species possessing large foliaceous stipular- like enations is reported from Guatemala by Williams (1975). 188 Pew Ti TMOMNO GI TAR Vol. li, No. 3 He incorrectly states that this species, Mikania stiputifere, is the only one in Central America possessing large foliaceous enation, apparently being unaware of M. cristata. King and Robinson (1977) state that M. stipulifera has no described differences, implying that the two are synonymous. The two are quite similar vegetatively and in form of the inflorescence, but examination of an isotype (Glassman 1648, WIS) showed the two species to be amply distinct. They may be distinguished as follows: Corolla teeth ovate-lanceolate, as long as or slightly longer than the throat, the teeth with two pairs of veins, one near the margins, the other inward and parallel to the PBB A. hos Pe PTA OLD ee Ce Oe BeOS ie M. stipulifera. Corolla teeth linear, the throat extremely short, almost appearing non-existent, corolla teeth with one pair GE OreRINe anual)». fe», te UL dds « detehiee M. cristata. To be included as a synonym of Mikania stipulifera is M. stipulata Standl. & Wms. of Clewell, Ceiba : 3 ER MIKANIA GUACO H. & B., Pl. Aeq. 2: 84. 1809. Type: Colombia: Magdalena River between Mahates & Angostura, Humboldt & Bonpland 1447 (P). M. amara var. guaco (H. & B.) Baker in Mart. Fl. Bras. Gr 2005 LOG. Willoughbya guaco (H. & B.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. lL: 372. M. attenuata DC., Prodr. 5: 195. 1836. Type: Peru: "in montibus Huanacocensis", Haenke s. n. (G-DC- microfiche!, GH-photo!) M. cuneata Sch.-Bip., Bonplandia 4: 54. 1856 (nomen nudum) . Type: Peru: San Govan, Lechler 2477 (F-isotype:) M. brachiata Poepp. in Poepp.& Endl., Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 53., Leo4. Type: PERU: San Martin: in forests at Tocache, Poeppig 2041 (W, F-photo & frag.!) 1979 Holmes & McDaniel, Notes on Mikania 189 M. olivacea Klatt, Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 31: 195. 1892 (1893). Type: Costa Rica: forets de Buenos-Aires, 2300 m, Pittier 4433 (BR, GH). Mikania guaco is a widespread species well marked by its leaf bases prominently cuneately decurrent upon the petioles. It has affinities with a difficult group of plants with corymbose inflorescences and sessile ternately disposed heads. Robinson (1922) in his key to the species of Mikania in Pert separated this species from M. brachiata on head size, the former with heads ca 10 mm long, the latter with heads 8 mm or less in length. Our repeated attempts to distinguish these two plants on that basis have failed. Examination of Peruvian material of this group showed that head size varied from 7-10 mm, with no definite discontinuity between the two extremes. A portion of the type material of M. brachiata has heads 9-10 mm long and by Robinson's (1922) key would be referred to M. guaco. No character or group of characters could be found which would consistently separate the two plants. In all other aspects such as the cuneate leaf bases, disposition of heads and presence of hirsute stigmas the plants are suspicioudly alike. They are therefore considered to be the same species under the older name M. guaco. Peruvian specimens examined: Ayacucho: Aina between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 750-1000 m, May 7, 1929, Killip & Smith 22793 (GH, US). Cuzco: Quispicanchis, Marfa Patai, Cadena, m, July 24, 1957, C. Vargas C. 11677 (US); Villcabamba, Hacienda on Rfo Chincao, 6 t.. hey. 17-26, J. F. Macbride 5190 (F); Hu4nuco: Hu4nuco, down river 2.5 hrs to I day's travel from Tingo Marfa, 7000 ft., July 14-15, 1937, Charles M. Belshaw 3104 (F, GH, US); Fundo Honolulu, cerca a Tingo Marfa, Carretera Huadnuco-Tingo Marfa, 600-700 m, August 8, 1947 Ramon Ferreyra 2258 (US); Tingo Marfa, shore of Rio Mozon, August 17, Toa0; Erik Asplund 12974 (F); Pozuzo, 800-900 mn, 1908-1914, A. Weberbauer 6774 (F, GH, US). Loreto: Boqueron Padre Abad, 470 m, Felix Woytkowski 34376 (F); Divisoria, cerca a Chinchono, entre Tingo Marfa i Pucallpa, 1500-1600 m, July 21, 1948, Ramon Ferreyra 4314 (US) and 4292 (US); Florida, Rio Putumayo, at mouth of Rfo Zubineta, 180 m, May-July 1931, G. Klug 2172 (F, GH); Contamana, near road to Oriente, 160-180 m, July 26, 1970, McDaniel 14057 (IBE); Maynas. Dtto. Iquitos. Quebrada Aucaya, trocha de Nuevo Union, May 21, 1973, McDaniel & Rimachi 17171 (IBE, NATC), La carretera de Momoncillo near Rio Mom6én, March 11, 1973, McDaniel & Rimachi 17007 (IBE), along Rio Amazonas s of Iquitos, August 18, 1972, Thomas B. Croat 19307 (GH, IBE), lower Rio Nanay, May 29, 1929, L. Williams 542 (F, GH), Rio Nanay near Iquitos, between Bellavista and Sta. Clotilde, ca 110 m, June 18, 1970, 190 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 41, No. 3 McDaniel 13576 (IBE), 5 km sw of Iquitos, July 15, 1972, Croat 18144 (IBE), Iquitos, ca 100 m, Aug. 2-8, 1929, Killi & Smith 27386 (F, GH, US), Iquitos, San Juan, 120 m, Oct. rb, 1929, L. Williams 3721 (F, GH), Iquitos, 120 m, April 9, 1930, L. Williams 8197 (F, GH). Madre de Dios: Parque Nac. del Manu, Cocha Cashu, forest in vicinity oxbow lake of Rio Manu, between Panagua & Tayakome, Aug. 17-24, 1974, Robin B. Foster 3483 (IBE). San Martin: Zepalacio, near Moyobamba, -1600 m, Dec. 1933, G. Klug 3412 (US); Mariscal CAceres. Dtto. Tocache Nuevo. Quebrada Lufs S4las, 5 km ne Puerto Pizana, Aug. 1, 1973, J. Schunke V. 6584 (IBE). MIKANIA HUANUCOENSIS Holmes & McDaniel, sp. nov. Suffrutex volubilis; foliis ellipticis, ad 5.5 cm longis et 2.5 cm latis, apice acutis vel attenuatis, basi cuneatis; paniculis capitulis in spicas; capitulis 10-11 mm longis; corollis ca 5 mm longis, dentibus limbi obtusis; achaeniis ca 4.5 mm longis; pappi setis ca 40-45, 5 mm longis, barbellatis. Suffrutescent liana to 10 m tall, stems striate- sulcate, fistulose, glabrous, internodes to ca 4 cm long. Leaves elliptic, to ca 5.5 cm long and 2.5 cm wide, margins entire-revolute, apices acute to acuminate, bases cuneate, upper surfaces very lightly sericeous toward the margins, obscurely pinnately nerved, with 2 pairs of secondary nerves arising within the basal half of the leaf, these arching toward the apex, lower surfaces glabrate to lightly pilose, the major nerves exserted, petiole ca 0.5-0.7 cm long, lightly sericeous. Inflorescence paniculate, to ca 14 cm long and 8 cm wide, the ultimate branchlets spicate, borne oppositely, to ca 8 cm long, branchlets striate, lightly glandular. Heads ca 10-11 mm long, loosely disposed, exterior bract linear to narrowly elliptic, to ca 1.5 mm long, gland- ular. Involucral scales oblong, ca 6 mm long, glabrate, glandular, apices rounded, puberulent. Corolla ca 5 m long, white, glandular, tube ca 3 mm long, gradually expanding into the throat, throat ca 2 mm long, teeth obtuse, ca 0.5 mm long, glandular. Achene ca 4.5 mm long, glandular toward summit, dark olivaceous, ribs white. Pappus bristles ca 40-45, white, ca 5 mm long, barbellate, somewhat thickened toward the tips. Holotype: PERU: Hudnuco: Rio Negro, pampa of fern, 1000 mn, flowers white, 8-10 m tall, January 14, 1961, Felix Woytkowski 6192 (MO). Mikania huanucoensis, known only from the type, has a spicately disposed inflorescence with heads 10-11 mm long. Leaves are elliptic, pinnately nerved, at most 5.5 cm long, 1979 Holmes & McDaniel, Notes on Mikania 191 cuneate at the base and acute to acuminate at the apex. Internodes are short, normally less than 4 mm long. Among the Peruvian species of Mikania the new species approaches nearest M. szyszylowiczii Hieron., a species with rounded leaf apices and oen 5-7 mm long. Mikania psilo- stachya, a very widespread species, has a similar inflorescence, iaeluding heads of about the same size (10-11 mm) as M. huanucoensis, but is very scabrous, a character not at all evident in the latter species. Mikania psilostachya also has the corolla throat about three times or more as long as the tube, while the new species has a throat slightly longer than the tube. MIKANIA MICROPTERA DC., Prodr. 5: 196. 1836. Type: Brazil: Bahia, Blanchet 1710 (G-DC-microfiche!, MO!) M. scandens var. microptera (HBK.) Baker in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6: 259. 1876. M. hexagona Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 47: 196. 1911. Type: Venezuela: near Tovar, 1700 m, 1854-55, A. Fendler 626 (GH). Mikania microptera, readily identified by its distinctly hexagonal stems with narrow sub-herbaceous wings, is a little collected plant with an interesting distribution. This species, previously known from Bahia, Brazil (type) and Amazonian PerG and nearby Bolivia, has recently been confirmed as occurring in Africa (which will be fully documented in a forthcoming treatment of the Old World species of Mikania). Additional studies have confirmed the occurrence of this species in Parana and Amapa, Brazil, the Guianas and Venezuela. Compari- son of M. microptera with the Venezuelan endemic, M. hexagona, showed the two uncomfortably close, apparently inseparable except by distribution. No differences can be noted in Robinson's (1911) original description or later (1922) work concerning these two plants. The two were never noted as being similar by Robinson and appear to be separated primarily on phytogeographic grounds; the same species was thought to be unlikely to occur in two widely separated areas. Unfortu- nately, these areas were more often artificial than vegetational or physiographic and the discontinuities more likely due to inadequate collecting. This is clearly shown in comparable cases in Robinson's (1934) later treatment of M. hookeriana DC. and M. vitifolia DC. and in Steyermark's (1953) treatment of M. banisteriae DC. With the increased knowledge of the 192 Pity D048 0G is Vol. 1, No. 3 distribution of M. microptera in Brazil, the Guianas, Peru, Bolivia, Venezuela, and Africa, there can be little doubt that the name M. hexapona should be considered nothing of MM. more than a synonym microptera. South American specimens examined: BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: Prov. Florida, Bermejo, valley of Rio Bermejo, 30 kme of Samaipata, 800 m, Sept. 9-11, 1947, R. F. Fosberg 28640 (US). La Paz: near Yungas, 6000 ft., 1885, H. H. Rusby 1 3 ies MICH, US). BRAZIL: Amap4&: Rio Araguari, Sept. n 1961, Pires, Rodrigues & Irvin 50868 (NY, US). Parand: Campina Gde do Sul, Rod, Br-2, Ribeirao do Cedro, Sept. 17, 1961, G. Hatschbach 8295 (RB). Location unknown: Riedel 913 (GH, P). GUYANA: Mazaruni-Potaro: upper Mazaruni River, Sept. 22-Oct. 6, 1922, J. S. De La Cruz 2121 (F). North Ween: Amakura River, March 23-30, 1923, J. S. De La Cruz 3445 (F, US). Exact Location unknown: 1837, Schomberg 321 (F, K). PERU: Loreto: Gamitanacocha, Rio Mazan, 0-125 m, Feb. 28, 1935, J. Schunke 386 (US). Exact Location unknown, posppip 2330 (P). SURINAM: Saramacca: in vic. cataractarum Raleig uminis Sup. Coppename, Sept. 11, 1961, W. H. A. Hekking 1008 (US). VENUZEULA: Delta Amacuro: downstream from mouth of Yarakita River, Rfo Amacuro, Sierra Imtaca, 65-80 m, Nov. 9, 1960, Steyermark 87453 (NY, UC). MIKANIA OCHROLEUCA Robinson, Contrib. Gray Herb. 80: 38. 1928. Type: Brazil: Seringal S. Francisco, Rio Acre, July 1911, E. Ule 9886 (K). : The discovery of this plant in Pera is noteworthy since it was previously known only from the type collected in adjacent Brazil. The species is characterized by its spicately disposed heads and triangular leaves with hastate bases. Although the type material was not seen, the material cited below matches well the original description and the | description and drawings of Barosso (1959). Specimen examined: PERU: Cuzco: Quispicanchis, entre Inambari y 15 Mil, 500-650 m, Sept. 3, 1965, C. Vargas C. 16528 (US). MIKANIA SIMPSONII Holmes & McDaniel, Phytologia 37: 473. 1977. Type: PERU: Loreto: Maynas. Dtto. Alto Nanay. trail near Santa Marfa de Nanay, March 4, 1968, Donald R. Simpson 781 (US). A well marked species with whorled leaves of ovate shape and long tapering apices. It was previously known only from the type; additional species cited below extend its 1979 Holmes & McDaniel, Notes on Mikania 193 distribution into Colombia as well as the department of Amazonas, Perd. Specimens examined: COLOMBIA: Putumayo: Rio San Miguel o Sucumbios, Santa Rosa y los alredadores, 380 m, April 7-8, 1942, R. E. Schultes 3628 (GH); Umbria, 0°54' N, 76°10%W; 325 m, October-November, 1930, G. Klug 1825 (F, GH); Rfo San Miguel en el afluente izquierda Quebrada de la Hormiga, 290 m, December 17, 1940, J. Cuatrecasas 11145 (F). PERU: Amazonas: Quebrada Huampami, Rfo Cenepa, 700-800 m, March 12, 1973, E. Ancuash 126 (IBE). MIKANIA SZYSZYLOWICZII Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. 36: 475. 1906. Type: PERU: Cajamarca: near Tambillo, von Jelski 681 (B- destroyed?, GH-fragment, F-photo!). Mikania szyszylowiczii is a relatively little known plant of the eastern slopes of the Peruvian Andes, and now adjacent Ecuador, known to occur to about 3000 m eleva- ion. It is a somewhat woody, glabrous liana to subshrub and the only known Peruvian Mikania with spicately disposed heads possessing ovate to obovate leaves with rounded apices and cuneate bases. The Ecuadorian specimen, the first of this species from outside Peri, is annotated as this species by Julian A. Steyermark. This note is added here because no published record of its occurrence in Ecuador is available. The herbarium label, handwritten in pencil, is nearly unreadable, but interpreted as accurately as possible. Specimens examined: ECUADOR: Zamora Ibuaico (7), 2250-2300 mn, July 17, 1946, R. Espinosa 663 (F). PERU: Amazonas: Bongara, Jalco zone, 3 kms oF Pomacocha, June 20, 1962, Wurdack 976 (US). Huanuco: Carpish, above Acomayo, July 17, 1964, Hutchinson & Wright 5949 (F, US). Junin: La Merced, August 1947, Soukup 3370 (F). San Martin: Zepalacio, near Moyobamba, December 1933, G. Klug 3412 (F, MO). MIKANIA BROOKSII Holmes & McDaniel, sp. nov. Suffrutex volubilis; foliis ovatis, ad 8 cm longis et 6 cm latis, apice acutis ad acuminatis, basi obtusis ad truncatis, marginibus integris; inflorescentiis corymbosis; capitulis ca 7 mm longis; corollis ca 3.5 mm longis, dentibus limbi deltatis, ca 0.3 mm longis; achaeniis ca 3 mm longis; pappi setis ca 40-45, ca 3.5 mm longis, scaberulis. Subligneous liana, stems terete, somewhat puberulennt- scabrid, sparsely glandular, internodes to ca 10 cm long. Leaves ovate to broadly ovate, to 8 cm long and 5 cm wide, 19h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, Noo 3 bases obtuse to truncate, apices acute to acuminate, above somewhat scabrid, with whitish pustules, the major veins crisped-puberulent, pinnately nerved with 2 pairs of secon- dary nerves separating within the basal 1/3 of the leaf, the primary and secondary veins prominent, the others obscure, margins entire, below lighter, puberulent, all veins exserted, petiole ca 5-6 mm long, tomentulose-puberulent, thickish. Inflorescence a panicle of oppositely borne corymbs, ca 1l cm long and 8 cm in diameter, each corymb ca 2 cm long and 4 cm in diameter, branching dichotomously, branchlets terete, densely crisped-puberulent, glandular. Heads sessile to very shortly pedicellate, ternately disposed, ca 7 mm long, exterior bract ovate-obovate to broadly elliptic, 2.5 mm long, somewhat petiolate, apices rounded, irregularly ciliate, the midvein prominent, 1/2-1/3 the length of the involucre, sparingly glandular. Involucral scales elliptic-oblong, 4-4.5 mm long, apex rounded, somewhat pubescent toward the base and apex, 3-5 obscurely visible veins present. Corolla violet, ca 3.5 mm long, tube and throat indistinguishable, teeth deltoid, ca 0.3 mm long, glandular. Achene (slightly immature) ca 3 mm long, greenish. Pappus bristles ca 40-45, white, ca 3.5 mm long, scabrid, thinner toward the tips. Stigmatic appendages densely hirsute. Holotype: PERU: Loreto. Prov. Maynas. Dtto. Iquitos. Rfo Mom6n (trib. Rio Nanay), Santa Rosa, January 3, 1978, McDaniel, Rimachi & Brooks 21387 (IBE). (fragment and photos to be distributed). Mikania brooksii is closely related to M. parviflora (Aubl.) Karts. as shown by the ternately disposed, mostly sessile heads and more or less ovate petiolate exterior bracts. The new species is distinguished by its much shorter petioles of about 5-6 mm long and smaller heads about 7 mm long. Mikania parviflora has heads ca 9-10 mm long and petioles greater than mm long, normally to ca 5 cm long. Mikania brooksii is also closely related to M. pycnadenia Robinson, but lacks the multitude of dense orange-reddis punctate glands of that species. MIKANIA ALATA (Mey.) DC., Prodr. 5: 197. 1836. The discovery of a plant (McDaniel & Rimachi 18963) meeting the salient diagnostic characters of Mikania alata (Mey.) DC. (sensu Barroso, 1959) prompted investigation into the legitimacy of the epithet alata. The name M. alata is based upon Kleinia alata G. F. W. Mey., Prim. FI. Essenq. 249. 1818. The decision of DeCandolle to merge the dubious genus Kleinia in Mikania is apparently based upon description alone, since no type or authentic material was cited or has 1979 Holmes & McDaniel, Notes on Mikania 195 been located. Undoubtedly, without seeing a specimen, it was placed in the genus Mikania on the premise that it could be that genus, but the presence of 4-5 involucral scales, plus an exterior bract, left much doubt as to its true identity, hence the use of a question mark by DeCandolle. Other than the possible difference in the number of involucral scales, which if true could make the plant something other than a species of Mikania, the plant called M. ?alata has no described differences from the well-known, widespread and polymorphic M. micrantha HBK. Robinson (1934), noting the similarities of the descriptions of these two plants, refused to accept the slightly older epithet alata in place of micrantha. This was based on the lack of type or authentic material and possi- bly the discrepency in number of involucral scales. Until such time as type material is discovered and available, the name M. alata is, as Robinson (1934) pointed out, best treated as a doubtful synonym of M. micrantha. Baker (1876) treated Mikania alata as a variety of M. scandens (L.) Willd. His description of var. alata is nearly identical to that of M. alata of DeCandolle. In addition he cited as specimens, Spruce 983, 458, and 1615. Barroso (1959) citing Spruce 983, treated it as a distinct species, separating it from M. micrantha by the lack of glands on the achenes and by the winged angles of the achenes, both not characteristic of M. micrantha. Examination of Spruce 983 (F), which is essentially identical to McDaniel & Rimachi 18963, certainly showed the plant to be different from M. micrantha, mainly in having slightly larger heads and involucral scales and with the corolla teeth ca the same length as the throat proper (M. mi- crantha has corolla teeth much shorter than the throat proper). However, the winged condition of the achenes appears mainly on the immature ones and under careful examination the achenes are sparsely glandular, especially toward the summit. Since the plant referred to as M. scandens var. alata by Baker and M. alata (Mey.) DC. (sensu Barosso), although distinct from any known species of Mikania is, as best be determined, not a proper use of the basionym alata, and hence must be renamed. Since we reached this decision, we have both had the opportunity to see the plant in the field further con- firming its very ample distinctiveness. We therefore describe it as new below. MIKANIA RIMACHII Holmes & McDaniel, sp. nov. Suffrutex volubilis; foliis ovatis, ad 14 cm longis et 10 cm latis, apice acuminatis, basi cordatis vel rotun- datis, marginibus integris; inflorescentiis corymbosis cymis; capitulis ca 7 mm longis; corollis ca 3.5 mm longis, dentibus 196 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. 3 limbi triangularibus, ca 1 mm longis, achaeniis ca 3 mm longis; pappi setis ca 32, ca 3.5 mm longis, barbellatis. Liana, stems terete, weakly striate, glabrous, distinctly ligneous and lenticellate near base, internodes to 11 cm or more long. Leaves broadly ovate, to ca 14 cm long and 10 cm wide, margins entire, apices acuminate, bases shallowly cordate or rounded, upper surfaces glabrous, palmately 5-7 nerved, lower surfaces sparsely muricate, lighter than above, petioles to ca 6 cm long, glabrate. In- florescence a somewhat cymose corymb, to ca 10 cm long and 13 cm in diameter, branchlets angular-winged, lightly puberulent, reddish, pedicels ca 4 mm long, exterior bract lanceolate to ovate, ca 2.5-3 mm long, glabrate to lightly puberulent, often reddish, apices acute to acuminate, borne at the top of the pedicel. Heads 6.5-7.5 mm long. Involucral scales linear- oblong, ca 5.5-6.5 mm long, glabrate to sparsely puberulent, especially at the base, with 1-3 obscure nerves, stramineous in color, apices acute. Corolla ca 3.5 mm long, white, tube ca 1.7 mm long, throat campanulate-funnelform ca 1.8 mm long, teeth ca 1-1.1 mm long, ca the same length to slightly longer than the length of the throat proper, triangular. Achene ca 3 mm long, glabrous, olive green, ribs with narrow subherbaceous wings. Pappus bristles ca 32, thin, white, ca 3.5 mm long, barbellate. Holotype: PERU: Loreto. Prov. Maynas. Dtto. Indiana. ca 3 km up Rio Amazonas from Indiana on opposite bank, open sandy alluvial area subj. to inundation, May 26, 1978, McDaniel (Rimachi, Holmes & Bruza) 21646 (IBE) (isotypes to be dis- tributed to AMAZ, F, MO, NATC, NY, USM and numerous other herbaria). Paratypes: BRAZIL: Para. Shore of the Amazon opposite Santarem, twiner hanging in great masses, July, 1850, Spruce 983 (F, GH); PERU: Loreto. Prov. Maynas. Dtto. Maz&4n. Rio Napo near Maz4n, overflowed bank, 110 m, January 29, 1932, Ynes Mexia 6467 (F, GH, MICH, MO, NO, NY, PH, TEX, UC). Dtto. Iquitos. Rio Amazonas se of Iquitos across from Padre Isla, near sacarita de Yanayacu, July 5, 1974, McDaniel & Rimachi 18963 (IBE, NATC, other dupli- cates to be distributed), Iquitos, Ushpa-Cafia, across Rio Itaya, 100-120 m, August 20, 1968, McDaniel 10879 (IBE, NATC). Mikania rimachii. is similar to the more common M. micrantha. It can be distinguished by the somewhat less cordate leaves, linear-oblong involucral scales of about 5.5- 6.5 mm long, corolla teeth about the same length or slightly longer than the throat proper and achene with narrow sub- herbaceous wings on the angles (ribs), most readily discerni- ble on the immature achenes. Mikania micrantha has ovate- 1979 Holmes & McDaniel, Notes on Mikania 197 oblong involucral scales about 3-4 mm long, corolla teeth about one-half the length of the throat proper and lacks the narrow subherbaceous wings on the angles of the achenes. In the field the new species may be distinguished from M. micrantha by its thicker, somewhat fleshy, moderately cordate to rounded at the base leaves, the ligneous older stems, and the cream white corolla. Mikania rimachii may be distinguished from M. cordifolia and M. microptera, both with similar foliage, inflorescence, and corolla teeth about as long or longer than the throat proper, by its lack of hexagonal stems, characteristic of the latter two species. LITERATURE CITED Baker, C. F. 1876. Mikania. Flora Brasiliensis 6: 248-250. Barroso, G. M. 1959. Mikaniae do Brasil. Arquiv. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 16: 239-33. King, R. M. and H. Robinson. 1977. Compositae in Flora of Guatemala: A Review. Taxon 26: 435-442. Robinson, B. L. 1911. On the Classification: of Certain Eupatorieae. Proc. Am. Acad. 47: 191-202. 1922. The Mikanias of Northern and Western South America. Contrib. Gray Herb. 64: 21-116. 1924. Records Preliminary to a General Treatment of the Eupatorieae. Contrib. Gray Herb. ce 27: Steyermark, J. A. 1953. Botanical Exploration in Venezuela- III. Fieldiana Bot. 28: 648-658. Williams, L. 0. 1975. Tropical American Plants, XVII. Fieldiana Bot. 36: 77-110. ATTENTION BOTANICAL TAXONOMISTS: BOTANICAL LATIN.--Botanical descriptions or diagnoses of new taxa will be rendered into Latin by Latinist-botanist for a small fee. Contact P.M. Eckel, 43 Crescent Avenue, Buffalo, NY 14214, 198 BOOK REVIEWS Alma L, Moldenke MRARE TROPICAL TREES OF SOUTH FLORIDA" by Elbert L. Little, Jr., 22 pp. & 6 b/w plates of line drawings & photographs. Con- servation Research Report No. 20, U. S. D. A. Forest Service, Washington, D. C. 20250. Distributed by U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 2002. 1976. U5 cents paperbound,. Since this area "has the greatest collection of rare native trees anywhere in the Continental United States [cas 100 sppel ene this compilation of about 60 species of rare tropical trees of the three southernmost counties summarizes their distribution and shows their occurrence within parks and other preserves." The leafy and flowering or fruiting twig drawings are excellent. Dendrologist Little's recent volume on the distribution maps of Florida trees makes an excellent companion for this booklet. "BEHOLD MAN — A Photographic Journey of Discovery Inside the Body" by Lennart Nilsson & Jan Lindberg with text translated by Tlona Munck, 25) pp., 283 color & 5 b/w photographs & )1 line drawings. Little, Brown & Co., Toronto, New York & Boston, Massachusetts. 197). $25.00. Only a highly skilled and artistic photographer could make this "book journey" such an awe~inspiring treat as parts are seen system by system through interference, electron and optical microscopes with very dramatic light effects, Several of the exquisite fetal views will be recognized as from the pages of "LIFE" magazine and "A Child is Born" of some years back. The accompanying text and legends explain and/or describe the plates with many interesting tidbits of information. The esophagus or gullet is skipped in food passage from the pharynx to the stomach on p. 22, "cartilage and connective tissue" appear on p. 121, chromosomes "split" instead of replicate on p. 30, the explanation for "outward resemblance between embryos of different animal species" says nothing on p. 8. Whether such slips are due to the original authors in Swedish or to the translator I could not check. A Swedish edition of the book appear— ed a year prior to this translation. For the student of the life sciences, for the bio-scientist of so many kinds, for the local and school libraries and for the coffee table this book is an excellent choice. 199 200 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. 3 "RUST FUNGI on Legumes and Composites in North America" by George B. Cummins, xii & 2) pp., 338 groups of b/w line drawings. University of Arizona Press, P. 0. Box 3398, Tucson, Arizona 85722. 1978. $8.95 paperbound. This descriptive mamal is for 22 genera and their 355 species in the Uredinales that parasitize many members of the two largest dicot families including important crops and some pest plants. The keys to genera and species seem clearcut and workable. The illus- trations are helpful because they have all been drawn precisely to scale on graph paper. Beneath each are given the scientific name, author with source and sometimes synonymy, technical de- scription, host(s) and distribution, and location of the type. This book is a careful text for mycologists and mycology students, teachers, agriculturists, inspectors and farmers with advanced training. "GUIDE TO THE POISONOUS AND IRRITANT PLANTS OF FLORIDA" by Kent D. Perkins and Willard W. Payne, 88 unnumbered pp. Circular 1, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611. 1978 - Paperbound. In tabular form for 500 vascular native, naturalized, intro- duced or cultivated plants entries are arranged alphabetically by scientific name with common name, family and bibliographic refer- ences, toxic parts and irritants, kind of plant, effects and re- marks. This information has been culled from over 630 sources and arranged very efficiently. As an important educational and poten- tially life-saving effort "single copies are free to residents of Florida and may be obtained from the County Extension Office. Of course, this study is useful in other subtropical areas where so many of these plants also grow. "THE ILLUSTRATED BIRD" edited by Maggie Oster & designed by Sonja Douglas, 80 pp., 36 color & 7 b/w full plates, 2 color & 57 b/w illus. Tree Communications Edition for Dolphin Books, Doubleday & Co., Inc., Garden City or New York, N. Y. 10003. 1978. $6.95 paperbound oversize. This beautiful publication should prove a treasure trove for bird and art lovers, especially since 30 different well-known birds are shown in color plates very beautifully by many great artists over a great span of time and styles. Descriptive text adds literature sources, lore and natural history in charming fashion ° 7 PHYTOLOGIA Designed to expedite botanical publication “Vol. 41 January 1979 LIBRARY JAN 25 1979 BOT es: >. EN CONTENTS KRUKOFF, B. A., Supplementary notes on the American species of PIEEWORMIS, EA PAE Ss Ss Sth Siu ae cee alas laneae eas ber dal whch aie le KRUKOFF, B. A., Supplementary notes on American Menispermaceae. AIV. Neotropical Triclisieae and Anomospermeae........ KRUKOFF, B. AS Notes on the species of Erythrina. XIII Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 303 Parkside Road Plainfield, New Jersey 07060 U.S.A. “ef © © © @ @ @ Rae VASE Pe TOVIE WS. i 6s aha aieta wate eh oes ate ear te No. 4 Price of this number $2.50; per volume $10.00 in advance of $11.00 after close of the volume; $2.00 extra to all foreign addresses; 512 pages _ constitute a full volume? claims for numbers lost in the mails must be made immediately after recepit of the next following number. a SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ON THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF STRYCHNOS. XVII. B. A. Krukoff Consulting Botanist of Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey, and Honerary Curator of the New York Botanical Garden. Contents TORS Lai whl cdeetawne ecw oc vecvede subeBeae obecueateebe Gol Supplement to the Keys published in Lloydia, 1972 (9).......20) ee eet Nae Weibel ie is dWs ol eed alets oe a eeee oes oe Se NRe OS Chemical studies of American species of Strychnos.......+4+++ 209 Discussion of species (Noté of explanation).....cececceeceee2ll Discussion of spp. of sect. Strychnos (# 1-38a)...........211 " 5) " Rouhamon (£99 4B) so cscee oe ORG e " ? Breviflorae (#49-71).....cc0000-22]1 Appendices (Note of explanation) ..ccccecsccececceccececesees 229 Appendix I - Regions where new species are expected.........229 Appendix II - Species known from one collection............-229 Appendix III - Species of which flowers are not yet known...230 Appendix IV - Species of which fruits are not yet known.....230 Appendix V - Species under which are listed many SyNonyMS, baSionyMS, CCC. cessessrecesceeseceessesesesseeD 3 Appendix VI - Closely related specieS...cccccerececececeseee 23] Appendix VII - Species poorly understood....csresseeeeceee es 2H Appendix VIII - Species described since the last extensive paper published in 1972 (9) ..csecssesececeeeee+ 2H List Of EXSiccatac...cccecesecececsccccccesscsscsscscscesess 237 Literature Cited. cscecceccecccsceseescecscccscscssecssssess 2 3G Introduction The first comprehensive treatment of American species of Strychnos was that of Progel in Martius, Flora Brasiliensis (11). It covered 27 Brazilian species now recognized as valid (including four now known under different names). A monograph of American species by myself & J. Monachino published in 1942 (6) covered 44 species recognized as valid. The second comprehensive paper, Supplements VIII and Ix, by myself & R. Barneby was published in 1969 (7 and 8). In these two papers, published togethér, we summarized information which had appeared in short articles between 1943 and 1965 (Supplements I to VII inclusive) and for the first time studied carefully the fruits which are so important for characterization of several species. As a result of intensive field work from 201 202 PHITOPOG ITS Vol. 1, No. 1948 to 1963 largely by Adolpho Ducke and my former field assistant, Ricardo de Lemos Froes, immense amounts of new material (1202 collections), many in fruit, were examined in 54 herbaria. This paper covered 71 species and 2 varieties, of which only one species (S. longisepala) has since been reduced to synonomy. This is the most comprehensive paper on the American members of the genus ever published. A third extensive paper was published by me in 1972 (9) summarizing knowledge acquired in studies that lasted from 1941 to 1948 and again from 1963 onward. No new species were des- cribed and no nomenclatural innovations were proposed in this paper, but it is a compact and useful treatment and I am using it extensively in routine work. Incidentally, in this paper I prepared for the first time up to that date List of Exsiccatae and Keys based on flowers as well as on sterile and fruiting material. In the present paper I plan to bring up to date the in- formation accumulated in Supplements XII to XVILinclusive. In this period 525 new collections were examined, seven new species were described (for a list of them, see Appendix VIII), exten- sion of ranges were recorded for 78 species and several species collected in flower or in fruit for the first time had been described. As of today 77 species and 2 varieties are recog- nized by us as valid. This is my last fairly extensive paper on American species of Strychnos and is supplementary to that published in Lloydia in 1972. There is no duplication of infor- mation in these two papers. They are the only two which are needed for routine work on the genus and there will not be sufficient new information available for at least 10-15 years to justify writing another extensive paper. Having reached 80 years recently it is unreasonable to expect that I will live that long. Naturally as long as I live I probably will routinely identify new collections, publish the description of new species, etc. It is most unfortunate that up to date I did not get a promise from Rupert Barneby to continue working on the genus extensively. The next extensive paper should cover American species for Flora Neotropica (family Strychnaceae as interpreted by Hutchinson). This should be published when at least one half of the species (+ 5) which are presently known only from a single collection will have been recollected and at least one half of species (+ 7) known only from flowering or fruiting material will be fully known. I hope the person who will write the account of Strychnos for Flora Neotropica will have extensive field experience on the Amazon which is the center of the genus in the Western Hemisphere. Adolpho Ducke had the same opinion, that Strychnos should not be studied by taxonomists without extensive 1979 Krukoff, Notes on Strychnos 203 field experience on the Amazon. (5: 8). This does not apply to Rupert Barneby. As he was working with me on Strychnos since 1963 onward he could write the genus for Flora Neotropica without field work on the Amazon and without visiting various herbaria. In addition to the two above-mentioned papers which bring the information on Strychnos up to date, three things will facilitate the future monographer for Flora Neotropica. 1. up-to-date identifications of all specimens annotated by me in 54 herbaria. 2. two up-to-date card files, one listing all collections seen by me by species and another by collectors. 3. special files with posted information for each species. According to my formal agreement with New York Botanical Garden the card files and special file cannot be sent on loan but will be available at NY to qualified persons. Special mention should be made of the specimens of Strychnos which were received recently from Ceplac, Itabuna, Bahia, collected mostly by T. S. Santos. This is a most interesting collection as, with the exception of specimens collected by Frdoes in my service in 1943 and extensive collec- tion of R. P. Belém who collected with financial support and at my request, we have practically no material of Strychnos from this area. From the collection of R. P. Belem, we des- cribed 5 new species and one more is described in this paper. These are mostly endemic to coastal forests of Bahia, some extending probably to neighboring coastal Espirito Santo and/ or Pernambuco. These are S. romeu-belenii, S. bahiensis, S. setosa, S. atlantica, S. recognita and S. alvimiana. The State of Bahia is of particular interest as far as Strychnos is concerned as, in addition to the species men- tioned above in the northern part of Bahia dong the rivers, some Amazonian species (S. peckii, S. mitscherlichii var. mitschlerlichii and S. mattogrossensis) occur. In the southern part of Bahia near the boundary line with Expirito Santo are some species extending north from Rio de Janeiro and Espirito Santo (S. trinervis and S. gardneri). In the western dry part of Bahia in cerrados, caatingas, chapadas, etc., are found species which abound in Central Brazil (S. rubiginosa and parvifolia). In the studies of American species of Strychnos I was fortunate that two excellent taxonomists (N. Y. Sandwith and Adolpho Ducke) were also interested and actively engaged in the 20h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 41, No. study of this genus. (See their papers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 12 and 13). They referred to our work both in print (3:1 and 5:6) and in private correspondence (now on deposit with my files at Smithsonian Institution) and except for minor disagreements with Ducke we saw eye to eye in understanding of various species. I was also very fortunate that since 1963 Rupert Barneby was my co-author. His advice in difficult cases was especially help- ful. My former assistant, Ricardo de Lemos Frées, probably unequalled by anyone as a collector in the Brazilian Amazonia, continually searched for Strychnos until his untimely death m Nov. 14, 1961. This is the reason why so few new species were found in that region. Supplement to the Keys published in Lloydia, 1972 (9) Comprehensive keys based on flower characters were pub- lished in 1972 (9: 209-213, 234-235, 241-243, and for fruit or sterile material 254-261). The proper time to prepare new keys will come when the 7 new species described subsequently are known both in flower and in fruit. In the meantime a supple- ment to the above keys is given describing how the new species can be distinguished from species included in the keys. Sect. Strychnos 32a. S. croatii Krukoff & Barneby - Suppl. #14 - Phytologia Go. 91g, Lota. It closely resembles S. erichsonii in vegetative charac- ters. It has axillary inflorescences but its flowers are not yet known. The blades of S. erichsonii have dots, sometimes obscure, and are universally puberulent with very short ad- pressed hairs below; they are usually tuberculate to blistered above, whereas in S. croatii the blades have no dots, are essentially glabrous in all parts (occasionally puberulent on principal nerves near the base below) and are usually not tuberculate to blistered above. S. croatii is immediately distinguished by its larger fruits, up to 8 not 3.5 cm in diam as in S. erichsonii. It is very likely that the ranges of the two species do not over- lap as S. croatii is probably confined to Panama (to the south of the Canal Zone) and the adjacent Chocdé in Colombia. 38a. S. ecuadoriensis Krukoff & Barneby - Suppl. #16 - Phytologia 39:276. 1978. Known only from Napo, Ecuador (alt. +340 m). Its fruits are not yet known. The following combination of characters distinguishes S. ecuadoriensis from all known species of 1979 Krukoff, Notes on Strychnos 205 section Strychnos: inflorescences axillary, style glabrous, calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate and corolla-tube glabrous inside. The sterile specimens are distinguished by the following characters: leaf-blades are essentially glabrous above and beneath, dull, membranaceous to chartaceous, not verrucular above or below, not barbate and without a membranaceous pocket beneath in axils of the inner principal nerves, essentially 3- plinerved. Sect. Rouhamon (Aublet) Progel 44a. $S. cayennensis Krukoff & Barneby - Suppl. #13 - Phytologia 27:101. 1973. Known only from Montagne Boeuf Mort, Saul, French Guiana. Mature fruits are not known. S. guianensis, to which S. cayennensis is closely related, is extremely polymorphic in vegetative characters but it always has a glabrous style and ovary. Of the 4 species of Sect. Rouhamon with pilose style, S. hirsuta, unlike S. cayennensis has hirsute leaves, S. cogens and S. goiasensis have glabrous ovary, while S. melinoniana has leaves with principal nerves raised above (not deeply impressed). Sect. Breviflorae Progel 53a. S. setosa Krukoff & Barneby Probably endemic to coastal Bahia and adjacent Expirito Santo. Fruits are not known. This is immediately distinguish- ed from all species of Sect. Breviflorae as its branchlets, petioles and blades beneath (especially on principal nerves) are hirsute with long (up to about 1 mm) rusty straight hairs. In vegetative characters it very closely resembles S. toxifera of Sect. Strychnos. 57a. S. recognita Krukoff & Barneby - Suppl. #13 - Phytologia 27¢103<..1973% Probably confined to the States of Bahia and Expirito Santo. Fruits are not known. In the diagnosis S. recognita was compared to S. fulvotomentosa, which it resembles in its terminal inflorescence and short style, characters common to members of Sect. Breviflorae. It differs from S. fulvotomen- tosa in its densely congested inflorescence and in the deeply impressed primary and secondary nerves of the mature leaf- blades. Leaves of this type are unknown elsewhere in Sect. Breviflorae but are very closely matched by leaves of S. solimoesana, an allopatric (Amazonian) member of Sect. Stry- chnos with the axillary inflorescences of its group. - 206 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. 66a. S. alvimiana Krukoff & Barneby - Supplement #13 - Phytologia 27:105. 1973. Probably endemic to coastal Bahia and adjacent Expirito Santo. The corolla is not yet known. Related to S. nigricans and S. cerradoensis but immediately distinguished by the extremely long calyx (4-4.5 mm), the tube +0.8 mm, and the narrowly lance-acuminate lobes +3.-3.5 x 0. .4-1.6 mn, minutely puberulent along margins, otherwise glabrous. Shells of fruit of this species are very thick (+5 mm), as is the case with the two species last mentioned, and the Central American S. brachistantha. 71. SS. schunkei Krukoff & Barneby - Suppl. #12 - Phytologia 27263823972. Known only from San Martin, Peru. Of 25 known species of Sect. Breviflorae 13 (S. fendleri, S. atlantica, S. rubiginosa, S. fulvotomentosa, S. acuta, S. brasiliensis, S. rayi, S. brachistantha, S. nigricans, S. cerradoensis, S. recognita, S. alvimiana and S. setosa ) do not occur in the Amazon basin and of these only S. acuta resembles somewhat S. schunkei in its vegetative characters. S. parviflora is immediately distinguished from S. schunkei by its axillary inflorescences; S. poeppigii, S. schultesiana and S. malacosperma by their glabrous linear- lanceolate calyx-lobes, 2.5--3 mm long; S. castelnaeana and S. progeliana by their leaves densely pubescent beneath; S. parvifolia by its leaf-blades being conspicuously verrucular on nerves and veinlets and often subciliate; S. pachycarpa and S. nealects by the corolla-tube equal or longer than the lobes; S. oiapocensis by its inflorescences being congested and in spherical clusters even at anthesis; S. mattogrossensis by its lanceolate to ovate-acuminate calyx-lobes, 0.9--1.5 x 0.4--0.5 mm, corolla-tube 0.75--0.9 mm, anthers 0.55-0.6 mm long, leaf-blades beneath usually with membranaceous pockets in axils of the inner principal nerves; moreover it is a woody vine provided with tendrils and spines. S. schunkei is related to S. tarapotensis from which it is immediately distinguished by much larger leaf-blades (2.3-- 6 x l--2.8 cm) and the absence of membranaceous pockets beneath in axils of the inner principal nerves. TENDRILS AND SPINES I. Section Strychnos L. Spineless bush-ropes with tendrils (S. pseudo-quina is a 1979 Krukoff, Notes on Strychnos 207 tree devoid of tendrils and the only species of this section armed with spines). Tendrils were not seen in S. lobelioides and S. ecuadoriensis but expected to occur. In identifying specimens it is helpful to remember that if spines are present then the specimen is of Sect. Breviflorae unless it is of S. pseudo-quina or of a new species. II. Section Rouhaman (Aublet) Progel Spineless bush-ropes or small woody vines with tendrils (S. hirsuta is a small shrub devoid of tendrils and spines, whereas S. progeliana is a shrub and the only species in this section armed with spines, tendrils in this species not seen). Tendrils were not seen also in S. goiasensis, S. cayennensis and S. duckei but expected to occur. III. Section Breviflorae Progel subsection Breviflorae Spineless bush-ropes with tendrils (S. parviflora, S. castelnaeana, S. fulvotomentosa, S. acuta; small or large woody vines with spines and tendrils (S. atlantica, S. rubiginosa, S. parvifolia, S. recognita and S. grayi); shrubs devoid or with very rudimentary tendrils, armed with spines (S. oiapocencis) ; shrubs or small vines armed with spines and devoid of tendrils (S. progeliana, S. fendleri and S. brasiliensis). In S. setosa neither tendrils nor spines were seen. S. parvifolia in the southern part of its range and certain forms of an extremely variable S. brasiliensis are difficult to tell apart. If a given specimen has tendrils then it is of S. parvifolia. Section Breviflorae Progel subsection Eriospermae Krukoff & Barneby Spineless bush-ropes with tendrils (probably S. pachy- carpa and S. neglecta on which neither tendrils nor spines were seen); bush-ropes with both spines and tendrils (S. brachistantha, S. nigricans, S. mattogrossensis, S. schultesiana and S. mala- cosperma); small vines armed with spines and devoid of tendrils (S. cerradoensis, S. alvimiana, S. poeppigii and S. tarapotensis). In S. schunkei neither tendrils nor spines were seen. Types of tendrils and Species armed with spines In Supplement XI (Phytologia 22: 226-231. 1971) we pub- lished a study by Rupert Barneby of tendrils of different species. Below is given additional information for species for which this information was not available. Only specimens deposited at NY 208 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. were examined. See also Phytologia 33: 306. 1976 for Richard Wunderir ‘s discussion of tendrils in Bauhinia and Strychnos. I list here also all species in which spines were seen. I. SECTION STRYCHNOS L. 3. colombiensis - Type II - Dudley 11486. 4, asperula - Type II - Maguire 56779. 9. araguaensis - Type I - Harvey et al. 10811, Prance 25307. 5. pseudo-quina - tendrils none (a tree with spines and with- out tendrils). 26. xinguensis - Type I - Prance 22506. 30. lobeliodes - tendrils expected to occur; not seen as yet. 32a. croatii - Type I - Forero 1310, 1524. 38a. ecuadoriensis - tendrils and spines not seen. II. SECTION ROUHAMON (AUBLET) PROGEL 44, goiasensis - tendrils expected to occur; not seen as yet. 44a, cayennensis - tendrils expected to occur; not seen as yet. 45. duckei - tendrils expected to occur; not seen as yet. 51. progeliana - tendrils not seen; shrub armed with spines. III. SECTION BREVIFLORAE PROGEL SUBSECTION BREVIFLORAE 52. oiapocencis - Oldeman 2614 deposited at P has a weak soli- tary tendril opposed to a developed leaf. 53. fendleri = small tree devoid of tendrils and armed with spines. 53a. setosa - neither tendrils nor spines seen. 55. rubiginosa - provided with tendrils and spines. 57a. recognita - some of the tendrils are opposed to developed leaf, while others are modified from one of the first branches of the cymose inflorescence; the only American species of Strychnos with stems armed with spines. 59. brasiliensis - shrub devoid of tendrils and armed with spines. SUBSECTION ERIOSPERMAE KRUKOFF & BARNEBY 61. pachycarpa - probably spineless bush-ropes with tendrils; neither tendrils nor spines seen. 62. neglecta - probably spineless bush-ropes with tendrils; neither tendrils nor spines seen. 66. cerradoensis - armed with spines and devoid of tendrils. 66a. alvimiana - vine armed with spines and devoid of tendrils. 68. malacosperma - small bush-rope provided with tendrils and spines. 70. tarapotensis - small shrub armed with spines and devoid of tendrils. 71. schunkei - neither tendrils nor spines seen. 1979 Krukoff, Notes on Strychnos CHEMICAL STUDIES OF AMERICAN SPECIES OF STRYCHNOS In 1972 G. B. Marini-Bettolo and N. G. Bisset published chemical studies on the alkaloids of the American A list of Strychnos species studied since the early thirties was also published in the covering 36 species and 1 variety (p. 207). account of species (9: chemically same paper 195-202). 209 Below is given a supplementary list of species which were studied chemically since 1972 and those which were not studied as yet. SECT. STRYCHNOS L. 2. ramentifera Ducke colombiensis Krukoff & Barneby - asperula Sprague & Sandwith 3 4 8. barnhartiana Krukoff 9. araguaensis Krukoff & Barneby 0. brachiata Ruiz & Pavon bahiensis Krukoff & Barneby 16. eugeniaefolia Monachino 17. krukoffiana Ducke 18. medeola Sagot 26. xinguensis Krukoff 27. amazonica Krukoff 29. froesii Ducke 30. lobelioides Krukoff & Barneby croatii Krukoff & Barneby 323; 34. pubiflora Krukoff bredemeyeri (Schultes) Sprague & Sandwith mitscherlichii var. pubescentior- Sandwith dariensis Seemann ecuadoriensis Krukoff & Barneby ROUHAMON (AUBLET) PROGEL bicolor Progel panurensis Sprague & Sandwith goiasensis Krukoff & Barneby . cayennensis Krukoff & Barneby duckei Krukoff & Monachino - -not studied as yet. W W "W " -Marini-Bettolo et al. See Suppl. XIV,p.322. -not studied as yet. W " W "W W Ww "W " -Marini-Bettolo et al. See Suppl. XIV,pp. S106 322: -not studied as yet. -Marini-Bettolo et al. See Suppl. XIV. See pp. 312 & 322 for additional studies. -Marini-Bettolo et al. See Suppl. XIV. See pp. 312 & 322 for additional studies. -not studied as yet. " W "W "W -not studied as W ai W WwW 210 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. SECT. BREVIFLORAE PROGEL SUBSECTION BREVIFLORAE 49, parviflora Spruce -not studied as yet. 51. progeliana Krukoff & Barneby lini ' my 52. oiapocencis Froes tail a 1m 53. fendleri Sprague & Sandwith -Marini-Bettolo et al. See Suppl. XIV, p.316 & Suppl. XV, pp.21&22. 53a. setosa Krukoff & Barneby -not studied as yet. 55. rubiginosa DeCandolle -" " mom 57a. recognita Krukoff & Barneby -" ae mon 60. grayi Grisebach =o " won SECT. BREVIFLORAE SUBSECTION ERIOSPERMAE KRUKOFF & BARNEBY 62. neglecta Krukoff & Barneby -not studied as yet. 63. brachistantha Standley = i " noon 64. nigricans Progel -" " non 65. mattogrossensis S. Moore -" " nom 66. cerradoensis Krukoff & Barneby - " a now 66a. alvimiana Krukoff & Barneby -" " non 67. schultesiana Krukoff “an " cm 68. malacosperma Ducke & Froes PE " moon 69. poeppigii Progel i " ees 70. tarapotensis Sprague & Sandwith- " " sett Nag 71. schunkei Krukoff & Barneby =" " non 1979 Krukoff, Notes on Strychnos 211 Discussion of species For information on scientific names of species, synonyms and basionyms, type localities, description of species, ecology and the chemical studies, the reader is referred to the last extensive paper on Strychnos (9). In this paper I brought up-to-date the distribution of species and compiled Supplement to the Key published in the above referred to paper. I. Sectio Strychnos. -T: S. nux-vomica L. 1. Strychnos chlorantha Progel in Martius, Fl. Bras.6(1):273. 1868. Distribution: Guatemala (Alta Verapaz); Costa Rica (Guana- caste, Puntarenas, Alajuela, Heredia and Limon); Panama (San Blas, Panam4). Doubtless occurs also in El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua. Known from 17 collections. 2. Strychnos ramentifera Ducke, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris. II. 42945.; 1932. Distribution: Amazonian Brazil (basins of Rio Tapajdés and Rio (Gurupt, also near Belém and near Breves, and along the road Belém-Brasilia, km 67 -93 in State of Par4; basins of the middle Rio Jurua, Rio Javarf, and Rio Jutaf in State of Amazonas, and basin of abe upper Rio Turf in State of Maranhao) ; Sisedacaa Doubtless occurs in French Guiana, Colombia and Peru. Known from 19 collections. 3. Strychnos colombiensis Krukoff & Barneby, Mem.N.Y. Bot. Gard. aC i ye21. (19865. Distribution: Panama (Colén); Colombia (Chocé, Valle and Na- rino); Peru (Cuzco, Loreto, Amazonas). Doubtless found in Ecua- dor. Known from 9 collections. 4, Strychnos asperula Sprague & Sandwith, Kew Bull. 1927: 131. 1927. Peru: Madre de Dios: Parque Nacional del Manu, Rfo Manu, vicinity of Cocha Cashu Station, Robin B. Foster 5007 (Aug. 28, 19765" Fetes)? ). This is the first collection of this species in fruit and the first record for Peru where it was expected to occur. In my second monograph of American spp. of Strychnos (9:215) I stated: "this species doubtless occurs also in Peru and Bolivia in the region adjacent to the State of Acre." The collectors note on the label: upland forest, liana, ripe fruit lemon yellow, eater by Ateles and Cebus albifrons. Fruits globose, yellowish, smooth, not sculptured, small (+ 2-1/2 cm in diam); pericarp thin, + 2 mm, seeds about 3 per fruit. Distribution: Amazonian Brazil (basins of the middle Rio Jurud - 212 P WY. F Ob O46-2% .Vol. 41, No. and Rio Tonantins in State of Amazonas; basin of the upper Rio Purus in State of Acre, and basin of Rio Madeira in the Terri- tory of Rondénia; Peru (Madre de Dios). Doubtless occurs also in Bolivia in the region adjacent to the State of Acre. Known from 7 collections. 5. Strychnos romeu-belenii Krukoff & Barneby, Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gard. 2061L)2; 22... 1963.. Distribution: Coastal Bahia, Brazil and probably extending to coastal Espirito Santo. Known from 6 collections. 6. Strychnos rondeletioides Spruce ex Bentham, Jour. Linn. Soc. 1 Ons 1656 . Distribution: Very widely distributed in the Amazon basin, in Brazil, Venezuela (Bolfvar and Amazonas), Colombia (Vaupés and Mabie one Peru (Loreto) and Bolivia (basin of Rfo Mapiri, La Paz). In Brazil it has been collected in the State of Amazonas (basins of Rio Maués , of Rio Madeira, of the upper and lower Rio Negro, of Rio Jutaf, of Rio Tonantins, of the middle Jurud and of the upper Rio Solimoes); in the State of Para (basins of Rio Tocantins, Trombetas, Pacaja and Muirapiranga, also along the road Belém-Brasilia (km 64-92), near Portel and near Gurupd4), and in the State of Mato Grosso on Serra do Ron- cador. Not yet collected in the Territory of Roraima or in the State of Acre where it doubtless occurs. Outside of the Amazon basin, it has been collected in the basin of Rfo Orinoco (State of Bolfvar, Venezuela). Known from 122 collections. 7. Strychnos macrophylla Barbosa Rodrigues, Vellosia, ed, 2321; 33,0hs 2-EREe.. LOL. Distribution: Vicinity of Manaus (basin of the lower Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil) and basin of Rio Urubt, about 100 km to the northeast of Manaus, where it is common. Known from 20 collections. 8. Strychnos barnhartiana Krukoff, Brittonia 4:268. 1942. Distribution: Amazonian Brazil (basin of Rio Oiapoque wn the Territory of Amap4; basin of Rio Xingu, and near Gurupa on the Rio Amazonas in State of Parad; basins of the upper Rio Negro, of Rio Tonantins, of Rio Icd, and of the upper Rio Solimoes in State of Amazonas). Doubtless occurs also in adjacent Colombia, Peru and French Guiana. Known from 18 collections. 9. Strychnos araguaensis Krukoff & Barneby, Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gard. 20( 1): 24. “2969. Distribution; Amazonian Brazil (on Ilha do Marajé, Parad, basin of Rio Araguaia in the States of Parad and Goids and basin of Rio Xingu in the State of Mato Grosso). Known from 13 collections. 1979 Krukoff, Notes on Strychnos 213 10. Strychnos brachiata Ruiz & Pavon, Fl. Per. 2:30. 1799. Distribution: Widely dispersed from sub-Andean Peru eastward to Furos de Breves in State of Para, Brazil; Venezuela (on the upper Apure); Colombia (Boyacd, Putumayo); Peru; Bolivia (La Paz), and Brazil (basin of Rio Macacoari in Territory of Amapa, in Furos de _Breves, on Rio Jarf in State of Pard, at the mouth of Rio Solimoes (near Manaus), and in the basin ae the middle Rio Jurud and Purds in State of Amazonas and in the State of Acre. Known from 26 collections. 11. Strychnos trinervis (Velloso) Martius, Syst. Mat. Med. Bras. L216» 1943. Brazil: Santa Catarina: Ule 97 (US) (San Francisco), 1209 (US) (Blumenau); R. M. Klein 6987 (US) (Moro Costa da Lagua). Distribution: Confined to the eastern states of Brazil (Paraiba, Pernambuco, Bahia, Espirito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Paranda and Santa Catarina) and Bolivia (Santa Cruz). Doubtless occurs also in the States of Alagoas, Sergipe, Goids and Mato Grosso in Brazil. Known from 141 collec- tions. 12. Strychnos panamensis Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald 166. 1854. Mexico: Chiapas: T. Croat 40194 (MO) (road from Palenque to Bonampak, + 400 m), 43838 (MO). Guatemala: Zacapa: + 150 nm, T. Croat 41877 (MO). Nicaragua: Matagalpa: Cordillera Dariense, BS + 1400 m, D: m, David Neill 3012 (MO). Costa Rica: Puntarenas: Ronald Liesner 3135 (MO) (Osa Peninsula), T. Croat 44412 (MO) (Las Cruces), Wm. Bi Burger 10655 (F) (along Rio Baru). Panama: Canal Zone: Gene Montgomery s.n. (6/4-1976) (MO); Panama: Al Gentry 1952 (MO); Darien: Le Clezio 1 (1973) (MO). First record of the species from Zacapa, Guatemala and Mata- galpa (Nicaragua). Distribution: Pacific coast of tropical Mexico (Sinaloa, Nayarit, Tepic, Guerrero, Oaxaca and Chiapas) ; Guatemala (San Marcos, Quetzaltenango, Retalhuleu, Suchitepéquez, Escuintla, Zacapa, Zacatepéquez and Santa Rosa); El Salvador (Ahuachapdan, Santa Ana and San Salvador); Honduras (Yoro); Nicaragua (Mata- galpa and Jinotega) ; Costa Rica (Guanacaste, Puntarenas, Alajuela and Limon); Panama (Coclé, Chiriqui, Canal Zone, Pana- ma and Darién); Colombia (Chocé, Magdalena, Santander, Antioquia and Caldas); Venezuela (Zulia, Falcon, Mérida, Barinas and Apure). Known from 191 collections. 13. Strychnos tabascana Sprague & Sandwith, Kew Bull. 1927: 128. 2927: Mexico: Veracruz: Las Tuxtlas, G. Martinez C. 2297 (F). Distribution: Mexico (Veracruz, Tabasco, Chiapas, Oaxaca) ; Belize; Guatemala (Petén, Alta Verapaz, Izabal); Honduras (Sta Barbara, Cortés, Atlantida); and Costa Rica (Guanacaste, San 214 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 41, No. ’ Jose, Alajuela). Doubtless found also in Nicaragua. Known from 82 collections. 14. Strychnos divaricans Ducke, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris II. 4: 746; 3932. Distribution: Surinam, French Guiana, and Brazil. In Brazil it has been collected in Parad (Jurity Velho near the boundary line with State of Amazonas and in the basin of Rio Tapajos, Rio Tocantins and of Rio Guama); Maranhao (basin of the upper Rio Pindaré), and Pernambuco. Doubtless occurs also in Territory of Amapd and in the States of Amazonas, Piauf, Ceara, Rio Grande do Norte and Parafba. Known from 13 collec- tions. 15. Strychnos bahiensis Krukoff & Barneby, Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gard. 20¢€1) £:29.. © 01969.. Brazil: Bahia: Marat a Ubaitaba, T. S. Santos 128 (10/10- 1968). Distribution: Low coastal forests in State of Bahia and probably extending to Expirito Santo. Known from 18 collec- tions. 16. Strychnos eugeniifolia Monachino, Phytologia 4: 209. 1953. Distribution: Surinam, French Guiana, and Brazil (basin of Rio Oiapoque in Territory of Amap4). Known from 9 collections. 17. Strychnos krukoffiana Ducke, Trop. Woods 90: 27. 1947. Distribution: In the vicinity of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Known from two collections from the same plant. 18. Strychnos medeola Sagot ex Progel in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6(1): 282. 1868. Distribution: Surinam, French Guiana and Amazonian Brazil (basins of Rio Tocantins, Rio Tapajos, Rio Xingu, Rio Trombetas and various other ideabiitia in State of Parad; basin of Rio Ama- pari and Rio Jarf in Territory of Amapé4; and near Parintins in State of Amazonas). Known from 43 collections. 19. Strychnos toxifera Robert Schomburgk ex Bentham, Jour. Bot. Hook. 3: 240. 1841. Distribution: Panama (Canal Zone, San Blas and Darién); Venezuela (upper Rio Orinoco, at Cassiquiare and Cerro Sefato in the State of Amazonas, also in Delta Amacuro and Aragua); the three Guianas; Colombia (Chocéd, Antioquia, Vichada and Putumayo) ; Ecuador (Oriente, in the basin of Rfo Pastaza), and in Brazilian Amazonia, where collected in Territory of Roraima (Serra do Divisor, top of hill, 900 m); in State of Acre (basin of the upper Rio Jurud4); in State of Amazonas (basins of the middle Jurud and of the upper Rio Solimoes and in the basin of the lower Rio Negro). Doubtless occurs also in adjacent Amazonian 1979 Krukoff, Notes on Strychnos 215 Peru and Bolivia. Known from 79 collections. 20. Strychnos tomentosa Bentham, Jour. Linn. Soc. 1: 104. 1856. Distribution: Venezuela (Federal District, Aragua, Sucre and Lara), the three Guianas and Brazil (basins of Rio Tapajés and Rio Tocantins, and various other localities in State of Parad; Territory éf Amapéa; basin of Rio Branco in Territory of Roraima; basins of Rio Solimoes and Igarapé Jandiatube and vicinity of Lago Camatian in the State of Amazonas and basin of Rio Pindaré and other localities in the State of Maranhao). Known from 60 collections. 21. Strychnos diaboli Sandwith, Kew Bull. 1931: 486. 1931. Guyana: Mazaruni River, P.J.M. Maas 2533. Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas); Guiana; Brazil (Territory of Roraima). Known from 10 collections, 22. Strychnos javariensis Krukoff, Brittonia 4: 279. 1942. Distribution: Western part of the Amazon basin, Brazil (Amazonas), and Colombia (Putumayo; Amazonas); its range probably more or less similar to the range of S. castelnaeana. In State of Amazonas, Brazil it has been collected in the basins of the upper Rio Solimoes, of Rio Ig4, of the lower Rio Javari and of the middle Rio Jurud. Doubtless occurs in ad- jacent Peru. Known from 21 collections. 23. Strychnos sandwithiana Krukoff & Barneby, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard, 20(1)*' 362 &969. Peru: Loreto: Maynas, Rio Nanay, Al. Gentry 15643 (MO). This is the first record of the species from Loreto. Distribution: Amazonian Brazil (basins of Rio Maués, of Rio Urubu, of the upper and lower Rio Negro, of Rio Tonantins, of Rio Ig, of the upper Rio Solimoes, of the middle Rio Jurud in the State of Amazonas and in the basin of Rio Tocantins in State of Parad); Colombia (Amazonas); and Peru (San Martin, Loreto). Known from 38 collections. 24. Strychnos jobertiana Baillon, Adansonia 12: 367. 1879. Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas); Colombia (Vaupés, Putumayo and Amazonas); Ecuador; Peru (Amazonas, Loreto, Hudnuco, Cuzco); French Guiana and Brazil. In Brazil it has been collected in Territory of Amap4, in State of Parad (basins of Rio Tapajos and Rio Tocantins) and in State of Amazonas (basins of the upper and lower Rio Negro, of Rio Tonantins, of the middle Rio Jurud, of the lower Rio Javar{ and of Rio Solimoes). Doubtless occurs also in Amazonian Bolivia. Known from 102 collections. 216 PHY.T0L06 DA Vol. 11, No. 25. Strychnos pseudo-quina A. St. Hilaire, Mém. Mus. Paris 9: 340. 1822; Distribution: Central Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goids, Maranhao, Bahia, Minas Gerais and Sao Paulo) and adjacent Paraguay. Known from 306 collections. 26. Strychnos xinguensis Krukoff, Brittonia 4: 283. 1942. Distribution: Brazil: Parad bicadare of Rio Tocantins, Rio Xingu, upper Rio Tapa jos and Rio Trombetas); Bolivia (basin of Rio Guaporé). Known from 7 collections. 27. Strychnos amazonica Krukoff, Brittonia 4: 284. 1942. Distribution: Amazonian BeSREL (basin of Rio Jarf in Terri- tory of Amapa; Oriximina in State of Pard; basins of Rio Maués, of the lower Rio Negro, of Rio Madeira, of the middle Rio Jurud, of Igarapé Jandiatuba and of the upper Rio Solimoes in State of Amazonas; near Rio Branco in State of Acre and in Territory of Rond6nia); Peru (Loreto), and Colombia (Putumayo). Known from 43 collections. 28. Strychnos solimoesana Krukoff, Brittonia 4: 280. 1942. Distribution: Brazil (basin of the upper Rio Solimoes, Rio Tonantins and Rio Negro in the State of Amazonas); Colombia (Amazonas). Doubtless occurs also in Amazonian Peru. Known from 16 collections. 29. -Strychnos froesii Ducke, An. Acad. Bras. Ci. 23: 20959 1945s Distribution: Amazonian Brazil (basins of the lower Rio Tapajos and of the lower Rio Xingu in State of Parad and near Manaus in the basin of the lower Rio Negro in State of Amazonas). Known from 17 collections. 30. Strychnos lobelioides Krukoff & Barneby, Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gard. 121) 2) G4y) Sie eu iy 1965s Distribution: Known only from the type collection from Rio Vaupes, Colombia. 31. Strychnos peckii B. L. Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 504. 1913. Belize: T. Croat 24206 (MO). Costa Rica: Puntarenas: Osa Peninsula, Ronald Liesner 3206 (MO). Distribution: Widely dispersed in South and Central America, Guatemala (Izabal) ; Belize; Costa Rica (Limén, Puntarenas) ; Panama (Darién), and doubtless also in Honduras and Nicaragua; Venezuela (Miranda, Aragua, Apure and Amazonas); Colombia (Boli- var, Antioquia, Meta, Putumayo, Vaupés, Amazonas, Valle (near the Pacific coast), and iaeirahs Peru (Huanuco, San Mart{n); Ecuador (Oriente); Bolivia (La Paz, basin of Rio Mapiri); the three Guianas; and Brazil where widespread: State of Para (near Belén, near Braganga, near Breves, in the basin of Rio Araguaia near the 1979 Krukoff, Notes on Strychnos 217 southern border of the State, and in the basin of Rio Tapajés); State of Amazonas (in the basins of the upper and lower Rio Negro, of the middle Rio Juru4, of Rio Jutai, of Rio Tonantins and of Rio Ica); State of Mato Grosso (various localities); Territories of Roraima and Rondénia; and States of Maranhao and Bahia. In Brazil its range doubtless will be extended to include Territory of Ama- pa and State of Goids, as well as some of the States situated be- tween Maranhao in the north and Bahia in the South. Known from 172 collections. 32. Strychnos erichsonii Richard Schomburgk, Reisen 3: 1082. 1848, nomen; ex Progel in Mart. Fl. Bras 6(1): 274. 1868. Peru: Loreto: Al. Gentry 18530 (MO) (Rio Nanay). Distribution: Venezuela (Bolivar; the three Guianas; Brazil; Colombia (Valle, Vaupés, Amazonas and Putumayo), and Peru (Loreto). In Brazil collected in Territory of Amapd (incl. the basin of Rio Oiapoque), State of Parad (near Belém and in the basin of Rio Tocantins and of Rio Guama), Territory of Roraima, State of Ama- zonas (basin of the upper Rio Negro, of Rio Maués, of Rio Tonan- tins, of the middle Rio Jurud, of Rio Purts and of the upper Rio Solimoes), and in States of Mato Grosso and Maranhao. Known from 186 collections. 32a. Strychnos croatii Krukoff & Barneby, Phytologia 33: 313. 1976. Colombia: Chocdé: Rio Munguido, alt. 50 m, Forero 1524. Distribution: Panama (Coldén, Panama, San Blas, Da: Darien; pa EAE EL tt Colombia (Choco). Known from 20 collections. 33. Strychnos gardneri A. DeCandolle in DeCandolle, Prodr. 9: 14. 1845. Distribution: Eastern and central Brazil (Maranhao, Ceara, Paraiba, Bahia, Mato Grosso (near Cuiaba), Goids, Minas Gerais, Expirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo). Doubtless occurs in States of Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco, Alagoas and Sergipe. Known from 53 collections. 34. Strychnos publiflora Krukoff, Brittonia 4: 290. 1942. Distribution: State of Minas Gerais, Brazil (munic. Jabo- ticatubas, Santa Luzia and Buendpolia). Known from 4 collec- tions. 35. Strychnos bredemeyeri (Schultes) Sprague & Sandwith, Kew Salt. 1927> 1283. 1927. Venezuela: Rio Carum, afl. del Paragua, + 360 m, F. Cardona 1228 (Herb. Ven. 59214). Cardona ona 1228 is a very important collection as it has shells of mature fruits. From this collection we know the approximate size of fruits and the thickness of their endocarp. It was ¢ollected in April 1945 from Rio Carum, tributary of Paragua, - 218 PHEUPOLOGI sé Vol. 1, No. ly Venezuela. It was cited in 7: 45. under a synonym of this species, Strychnos pedunculata, through an error as Cardona 1229. It is not cited in Exsiccatae and not in my card files. I borrowed specimens from Venezuela and checked on its identity. The above referred to errors are not being corrected. This specimen is cited in Exsiccatae and cards are now in the card files. Years ago Ducke raised the question of the type locality of S. trinitensis Griseb.,which is a synonym of S. bredemeyeri, suggesting that perhaps it is a valley of Rio Caura, a tributary of Rio Orinoco in Venezuela, rather than "Caura" on the Island of Trinidad. Sandwith rejected this suggestion in a very brief statement. I now quote C. Dennis Adams' letter of October 11, 1978 which settles this matter. "On the question about Strychnos trinitensis Griseb.,there is no doubt whatsoever that Caura is a valid and well known locality in Trinidad and that Crueger would have collected there. If we question the authenticity of this locality, we question it for hundreds of our collections, as the Caura Valley, running north into the Northern Range from Tacari- gua has been well explored. This makes it all the more strange that this species has not been collected here other than by Crueger. But that is our experience and each time we go collect- ing we bring in something that is either new or has not been seen for a long time." Distribution: Island of Trinidad; Venezuela (Federal Dis- trict, Sucre, Delta Amacuro and Bolfvar) ; Guiana and Brazil (Territory of Roraima). Known from 20 collections. 36a. Strychnos mitscherlichii Richard Schomburgk, Reisen 2:451. 1848, var. mitscherlichii Peru: Loreto: Maynas, Juan Revilla 1490. Distribution: Venezuela (Bolfvar); Colombia (Chocd, Valle, Putumayo and Amazonas-Vaupés); Ecuador (basin of Rfo Pastaza; upper Bobonaza); Guiana (Essequibo, Demerara and Berbice) ; Surinam; Brazil; Peru (Loreto, Amazonas), and Bolivia (basin of Rio Mapiri). In Brazil collected in State of Pard (basins of Rios Tocantins, Tapajés and Trombetas), State of Amazonas (basin of the upper Rio Solimoes, basin of Rio Negro, and plateau be- tween Rio Madeira and Rio Purts), State of Acre, Territory Ron- donia, and States of Rio Grande do Norte and Bahia. Doubtless occurs also in States of Maranhao, Piauf, Ceard, Paratba, Pernambuco, Alagoas and Sergipe. Known from 112 coldeectaeees 36b. Strychnos mitscherlichii var. pubescentior Sandwith, Brittonia. 3: 91. 1938. Distribution: Amazonian Brazil (basins of the tributaries of Rio Solimoes, namely Rio Jutaf, Igarapé Belém and lower Rio Javarf in State of Amazonas) and Colombia (Vaupés and Amazonas). Known from 23 collections. 1979 Krukoff, Notes on Strychnos 219 36c. Strychnos mitscherlichii var. amapensis Krukoff & Barneby, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 20(1): 48. 1969. Distribution: Eastern Amazonian Brazil (basins of Rio Araguari and Rio Oiapoque in Territory of Amap4; near Catt and in basins of Rio Capim and Rio Guama in State of Pard). Doubt- less occurs also in French Guiana. Known from 17 collections. 37. Strychnos solerederi Gilg in Engler, Bot. Jahrb. 25. Beibl. 60: 40. 1898. Distribution: French Guiana; Colombia (Amazonas) and widely distributed throughout Amazonian Brazil where collected in State of Para (basin of Rio Tapa jos and in many other regions) and State of Amazonas (basins of the upper Rio Negro, Rio Tonantins, Rio Jutaf and the upper Rio Solimoes). Confidently expected in Mato Grosso (Brazil) and in Peru. Known from 44 collections. 38. Strychnos darienensis Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald 166. 1854. Peru: Loreto: Al. Gentry 18416 (Rio Itaya), T. Plowman 6678 and 6694 (Rio Ampiyacu). Distribution: Very widely dispersed in Central and South America: Nicaragua; Costa Rica (Puntarenas); Panama (Veraguas, Coldén and Canal Zone); Colombia (Valle, near the Pacific coast, Amazonas and between Misay and Timbiqui); Peru (Loreto and San Martin); Ecuador (Napo); Guiana (Essequibo) ; and Brazil (basins of Rios Amazonas , Jamunda, Tocantins, Tapajds and Trombetas in State of Pard; basins of Rios Negro, Solimoes, Tonantins, Jurud Jutaf, lower Javarf and upper Solimoes in State of Amazonas; basin of Rio Acre in State of Acre; basin of Rio Araguaia in State of Mato Grosso; and in basin of Rio Branco in Territory of Roraima). Known from 89 collections. 38a. Strychnos ecuadoriensis Krukoff & Barneby, Phytologia 39: 276. 1978. Distribution: Known only from the type collection in Ecuador (Napo). II, Sectio Rouhamon (Aubl.) Progel in Mart. Flora Bras. 6(1) 3.275. - 1868, 39. Strychnos guianensis (Aublet) Martius, Syst. Mart. Med. Bras. 121. 1843. Colombia: Chocd: Rio Munguidd, alt. 40 m, Forero 1489. Peru: Loreto: Juan Revilla 1857 (MO) (Rio Nanay), Al. Gentry 18343 (Maynas), 18471 (Rio Itaya). ~ This is a new record of this species for Choco. Distribution: Well distributed in the basin of the middle and upper Rio Orinoco and throughout the entire Amazon basin: Venezuela (Sucre, Barinas, Bolfvar and Amazonas; Colombia (Chocd, Vaupés, Putumayo and Amazonas) ; Ecuador (Oriente and Napo-Pastaza); Peru (Rfo Nanay and Rfo Mazd4n in Lorero); and 220 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. the three Guianas, In Brazil well distributed in State of Pard (basin of Rio Trombetas, a northern tributary of the Amazon, along the Amazon River proper, in the basins of Rios Xingu, of Tapajos and Tocantins (the southern tributaries of the Amazon) , and in the basins of various small rivers draining to the Baia de Marajo and the Atlantic Ocean, such as Rio Acara, Rio Guama and others); Territory of Amapa (basin of Rio Oiapoque) ; Territory of Roraima; State of Amazonas (in the basins of Rio Urubu, of the lower aid the upper Rio Negro, including its tributaries Vaupés, Igana, Cubate, Alary and Padauiry, of Rio Maués, of Rio Madeira, of Rio Jurud, of Rio Jutaf, of Rio Solimoes and of Rio Javarf); Territory Rondonia; and State of Mato Grosso (Rio Juruena). Known from 271 collections. 40. Strychnos glabra Sagot ex Progel in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6(1): 2734), 1868. Distribution: Venezuela: Guiana (Essequibo and Berbice) ; Peru (San Martin); French Guiana, and Amazonian Brazil (basin of Rio Jarf in Territory of Amapa; basin of the upper Paru, Rio Tapajos, of Rio Guama and near Catt in State of Parad; basins of Rio Madeira, of the lower and upper Rio Negro and of Rio Solimoes in State of Amazonas; between Boa Vista and Caracarai in Terri- tory of Roraima). Datiitlead also occurs in Surinam and Colombia. Known from 55 collections. 41. Strychnos subcordata Spruce ex Bentham, Jour. Linn. Soc. 1: 1065° 1856. Distribution: Amazonian Brazil (basin of Rio Oiapoque in Territory of Amapé ; basins of the upper and lower Rio Negro, Rio Tonantins, Rio Icd, Rio Japuré4, Rio Jurud, Rio Solimoes and Rio Amazonas in the State of Amazonas); Peru, and Colombia (Putu- mayo). Doubtless also found in French Guiana. Known from 50 collections. 42. Strychnos bicolor Progel, Vidensk, Meddel. 1869: 31. 1869. Distribution: Minas Gerais, Goids, the Federal District, Mato Grosso and Sao Paulo in Central Brazil. Common in cerrados and on comparatively high elevations, as on Serra do Cipd. Known from 25 collections. 43, Strychnos panurensis Sprague & Sandwith, Kew Bull. 1927: [52° LS27 Distribution: Panama (Panam4); French Guiana; Venezuela (Apure, Bolfvar and Amazonas); Colombia (Chocé, Meta, Narino, Putumayo, Vaupés and Amazonas); Peru (Loreto, San Martin and Junfn; and Brazil (basin of Rio Amapari in Territory of Amapé ; basins of the upper Rio Negro and of the middle Rio Jurud in State of Amazonas; and basin of the upper Rio Purus in State of Acre). Known from 65 collections. 1979 Krukoff, Notes on Strychnos 221 44, Strychnos goiasensis Krukoff & Barneby, Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gard. 20(1):/55, fig.C.., 1969. Distribution: Known only from the type collection in Goids, Brazil. 44a, Strychnos cayennensis Krukoff & Barneby, Phytologia 27: 101. 1973. Distribution: Known only from the type collection in Saul, French Guiana. This region according to Oldeman is probably one of South American forest refuges in geological periods with a drier climate, and novelties were found here. 45. Strychnos duckei Krukoff & Monachino, Lloydia 9: 68. 1946. Distribution: Known from the type locality in State of Amazonas (Tabatinga, near Marco, a few dozen meters from the Colombian boundary), Brazil, where collected twice from the same plant. Doubtless occurs also in adjacent Colombia and Peru. 46. Strychnos hirsuta Spruce ex Bentham, Jour. Linn. Soc. 1: 106. 1856. Distribution: Amazonian Brazil (basin of Rio Tapajos in State of Para and basins of the lower Rio Negro, of Rio Maués, of Rio Madeira and Rio Solimoes in State of Amazonas). Known from 26 collections. 47. Strychnos cogens Bentham, Jour. Bot. Hook. 3: 241. 1841. Distribution: Venezuela (Bolfvar and Amazonas); Guiana; French Guiana; and Amazonian Brazil (Serra Tepequem in Territory of Roraima ; Parintins, basins of the upper and lower Rio Negro, Rio Purds and of Rio Solimoes, including those of its tributaries Rio Tonantins, Igarapé Jandiatuba and Igarapé Belém in the State of Amazonas). Doubtless occurs also in adjacent Colombia and Peru, as well as in Surinam. Known from 34 collections. 48. Strychnos melinoniana Baillon, Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 256. 1880. Distribution: The three Guianas and Amazonian Brazil where collected in Territory of Amap4 (basin of Rio Oiapoque) and in State of Pard (basin of the middle Rio Tocantins, along the road Belém-Brasilia (km 17-129), and near Portel). Known from 29 collections. III, Sectio Breviflorae Progel in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6(1): 277. 1868. Subsectio Breviflorae 49, Strychnos parviflora Spruce ex Bentham, Jour. Linn. Soc. £25107, «1856. , Distribution: Amazonian Brazil (basin of Rio Tapajos in State of Para; basins of the upper and lower Rio Negro, the 222 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, Now thiddle Rio Jurua, Rio Jutaf, Rio Tonantins, lower Rio Javarf, Igarapé Jandiatuba and upper Rio Solimées in State of Amazonas) , and Peru (Loreto). Doubtless occurs also in adjacent Colombia. Known from 37 collections. 50. Strychnos castelnaeana Weddell in Castelnau, Exped. Am. Suds 42 2aw, 185k. Distribution: Western part of the Amazon basin, centering around the border common to Peru, Brazil and Colombia. Collec- ted in Brazil in State of Amazonas (basins of Rio I 4, Rio Japurad, Rio Javarf and upper Rio Solimoes) and Peru (heuekey. Doubtless occurs also in Colombia. Known from 99 collections. 51. Strychnos progeliana Krukoff & Barneby, Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gard .20(€1)2°58. 11969. Distribution: Known only from the type collection from the basin of Rio Japurd, Amazonas, Brazil. Doubtless occurs also in adjacent Colombia and Peru. 52. Strychnos oiapocensis Froes, Bol. Técn. Inst. Agr6n. Norte 36: 143. 1959. Distribution: French Guiana, Surinam and Territory of Amapé4, Brazil. Known from 16 collections. 53. Strychnos fendleri Sprague & Sandwith, Kew Bull. 1927: 129. 1927. Venezuela: Guarico: near Ortiz, Hector Rodriguez 68 (F). Distribution: Venezuela, where widely distributed in the drier tropics ,(Nueva Esparta, Zulia, Falcén, Lara, Miranda, Gudrico, Anzodtegui, Sucre and Bolfvar); Brazil (Raratmahé Lt likely occurs also in northern Colombia adjacent to Venezuela (Guajira). Known from 25 collections, 53a. Strychnos setosa Krukoff & Barneby sp. nov. Ad sectionem Breviflorae referenda, sed inter illas ramulis petiolis inferiorique laminarum facie pilis rufis + 1 mm longis hirsuta praestans,. Macroscopic: Petioles about 3 mm long; blades elliptic, 7- 13 cm long, 2.5=-5 cm broad, rounded to cuneate at base, acum- inate and finally pointed at apex, dull on both surfaces, grey- ish-green on drying, chartaceous, 3-plinerved (principal nerves impressed above) with the inner pair opposite and diverging at or near base, reticulation faint above and prominulous below. Microscopic: petioles hirsute with long (up to about 1 mm) rusty straight hairs; blades beneath hirsute with similar hairs on principal nerves and sparsely so on lesser veins, above sparsely hirsute on midrib, leaf-margins ciliate with long hairs. Inflorescences terminal in congested cymes; calyx + 1.8 mm long, the narrowly lance-subulate lobes glabrous dorsally, thin- ly setulose-ciliate; corolla + 2 mm long, the lobes + 1.3 x 0.5 223 Krukoff, Notes on Strychnos 1979 STRYCHNOS SETOSA (Santos 1250) (1/2 natural size) 22h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. mm, papillate dorsally and beyond middle ventrally, below middle internally barbate; anthers sessiloid narrowly triangu- lar in outline 0.7 mm long, barbate at base (Flowers described from dried material). The collector describes the plant as 2 m high with cream flowers. On the specimen examined there are no tendrils or spines, Brazil: Bahia: Ipiad, estrada a Jequi¢, T. S. Santos 1250 (31/10-1970) (NY-holotype). Until the fruits of this species are collected its position is not certain, but it is probably of subsection Breviflorae. We need fruits and bark of roots (for chemical assays). 54. Strychnos atlantica Krukoff & Barneby, Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gard. ZOC 1): 61. . 1969. Brazil: Bahia: Sta Cruz de Cabrdlia, T. S. Santos 3012; Espirito Santo: T. S. Santos 2281 (NY, CEPEC) (Road Linares - Bananal). T. S. Santos 2281 is the first collection in flower and the first record of this species from Espirito Santo. Unfortunately through error the sheet with flowers was sent back to CEPEC before they were described, Distribution: Endemic probably to coastal Bahia and Espirito Santo. Known from 11 collections. 55. Strychnos rubiginosa A, DeCandolle in DeCandolle, Prodr,. 9: 16. 1845. Distribution: Eastern Brazil (largely in cerrados of Piauf, Ceara, Pernambuco, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso and Parana). Known from 20 collections. 56. Strychnos parvifolia A. DeCandolle in DeCandolle, Prodr. 9: 16. 1845. Distribution: This polymorphic and variable species has a very extensive range which is different however from those of all other members of the genus as it is found in special habi- tats. In State of Pard (Brazil) it is confined to patches of forests in savannas and to secondary forests (near Obidos, near Alenquer, near Santarem, on Serra de Pirocaua, and in the basins of Rio Tapajos and Rio Tocantins where it is common). Farther south in Brazil, it has been collected in Maranhao (on the Island of Sao Luiz, and near Imperatriz on the border of the States of Maranhao and Goids), Goids, Mato Grosso, Piauf, Ceard, Rio Grande do Norte, Parafba, Pernambuco, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo, usually in open situations. Also in Paraguay and Bolivia (in savannas of Santa Cruz). Known from 145 collections. 1979 Krukoff, Notes on Strychnos 225 57. Strychnos fulvotomentosa Gilg in Engler, Bot. Jahrb. 25. (Beibl. 60): 40. 1898. Distribution: Southeastern Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo and Rio de Janeiro). Known from 32 collections. 57a. Strychnos recognita Krukoff & Barneby, Phytologia 27: 103. 1973. Brazil: Bahia: Itacaré, T. S. Santos 165, 727; Espirito Santo: vale do Rio Doce, T. S. Santos 2055. The holotype of this species from Itacaré, Bahia, is in mature flowers. TIT. S. dos Santos 727 from the type locality is the first collection with immature fruits and it is now evident that this species was correctly placed in subsect,. Breviflorae as the testa is crustaceous (not composed of soft fibers). Mature fruits are probably small with thin shells. The species is endemic to coastal Bahia extending to adjacent coastal Espirito Santo. It would be important to collect mature fruits in June or July and bark of roots for chemical assay as it has not been studied chemically. Distribution: Probably endemic to coastal Bahia and Expirito Santo. Known from 13 collections. 58. Strychnos acuta Progel in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6(1): 280. 1868. Distribution: Southeastern Brazil (Bahia, Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo and Minas Gerais). Known from 36 collections. 59. Strychnos brasiliensis (Sprengel) Martius, Flora 24. (Beibl. 2): 84. 1841. Distribution: Southeastern Brazil (Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Parand, Sta Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul); Paraguay; Argentina (Misiones, Corrientes), and Bolivia (Santa Cruz). Known from 306 collections. 60. Strychnos grayi Grisebach, Mem, Amer, Acad. II. 8: 519. 1862. Distribution: Cuba (Pinar del Rfo, Isla de Pinos, Habana, Santa Clara, Camaguey and Oriente) and Hispaniola (Dominican Republic). Doubtless occurs in the Republic of Haiti. Known from 27 collections. Subsectio Eriospermae Krukoff & Barneby, Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gard. 20:68, 1969. 61. Strychnos pachycarpa Ducke, Bol. Técn. Inst. Agron. Norte 3: 15. 1945. Brazil: Amazonas: Manaus - Itacoatiara road, km 29, 226 P HZ T. Od: O00 Ak Vol. 1, No. k Reserva Ceplac, forest on terra firme, latosal, growing in Q9, G. T. Prance & J. F. Ramos 23153 (Dec. 24, 1974 - frts.) (NY, INPA, MG, R, U, US, K, S. High liana in crown of forest, fruits orange. This is the fourth collection of this species. It has been known previously from two Ducke collections from the same plant from the general vicinity of Manaus (in flower in October, and in fruit in December). The third collection (Oliveira 2794 (frts. in October) is from km 35 of Manaus - Itacoatiara road, The young leaves of this species, not seen by me previously, resemble superficially those of S. asperula, fruits of which were not known until recently. Through error I placed this collection with S. asperula in Suppl. XIV (Phytologia 33: 308. 1974). The shells of the fruit of this species are very thick and Ducke told me that he observed that it takes + 2 years before such thick shells of Amazonian species disintegrate and germina- tion takes place. It would be interesting to check this experi- mentally. Distribution: Known from 4 collections from the general vicinity of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. 62. Strychnos neglecta Krukoff & Barneby, Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gard. 20(1): 69. . 1969. Distribution: Known only from the type collection from the basin of Rio Japurd, Amazonas, Brazil. Doubtless occurs also in adjacent Colombia and Peru. 63. Strychnos brachistantha Standley, Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 12: 412. 1936. Distribution: Mexico (Jalisco, Puebla, Veracruz and Tabasco) ; Belize (where common); Guatemala (Izabal, Huehuetenango, Alta Verapaz and Petén); Nicaragua (Zelaya); and Panama (Canal Zone). Known from 45 collections. 64. Strychnos nigricans Progel in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6(1): 280. 1868. Distribution: Southeastern Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo and Parana). Known from 32 collections. 65. Strychnos mattogrossensis S. Moore, Trans. Linn. Soc. II. 4: 392. 1895. Colombia: Chocé: munic. de Riosucio, H. Leon 638 (MO); Peru: San Martin: prov. Madre Mfa, Jef. D. Boeke 1327 (MO); Brazil: Bahia: Belmonte, T. S. Santos 3141. These are the first records of the species from Chocd 1979 Krukoff, Notes on Strychnos 227 (Colombia) and San Martfn (Peru). Distribution: Colombia (Choco, Guajiro, Magdalena, Bolivar), Venezuela (Zulia, Yaracuy, Tachira, Delta Amacuro, Bolivar, Amazonas) , Peru (Loreto, San Martin, and Brazil where known from States of Para, Amazonas (basins of Rio Madeira, Rio Negro, Rio Solimoes, Rio Purds, Rio Jurud, Rio Japura and Rio Ica), Mato Grosso, Maranhao, Ceara, Parsamtucs , Rio Grande do Norte, Par- aiba, and Bahia. Known from 72 collections, 66. Strychnos cerradoensis Krukoff & Barneby, Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gard. 20(1)* 72... 1969. Distribution: Known only from the type locality in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Known from 2 collections, 66a. Strychnos alvimiana Krukoff & Barneby, Photologia 27: 105. 1973. Brazil: Bahia: Itacaré road, T. S. Santos 1757. Distribution: Probably endemic to coastal Bahia, possibly extending to Espirito Santo. Known from 6 collections. 67. Strychnos schultesiana Krukoff, Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gard. 12 Ci) :-765 1965. Distribution: Amazonian Brazil (basin of Rio Solimoes in State of Amazonas) and Venezuela (Mérida and Barinas). Known from 9 collections. 68. Strychnos malacosperma Ducke & Froes, Bol. Técn. Inst. Agron. Norte 30: 43. 1955. Distribution: Known only from the type locality in Para, Brazil. Known from 5 collections. 69. Strychnos poeppigii Progel in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6(1): 282. 1868. Distribution: Peru (basins of Rios Maranén, Ucayalf, Huallaga and Nanay in Loreto and San Martfn), and Brazil (basin of the lower Rio Trombetas , Rio Tocantins and near Rio Branco de Obidos in State of Para; basins of the lower and upper Rio Solimoes and of the middle Rio Jurud in State of Amazonas; and basin of Rio Acre in State of Acre). Doubtless occurs dies in adjacent Colombia and Bolivia. Known from 39 collections. 70. Strychnos tarapotensis Sprague & Sandw., Kew Bull. 1927: 131. 1927. Peru: Madre de Dios: B. Foster 2501 (F), 3243 (F), 6158 (F). Distribution: Peru (basin of Rfo Maranon in Loreto, and basin of Rio Huallaga in San Martfn, where it is common, Amazonas, Madre de Dios; Brazil (basin of the middle Rio Juru4, in the State of Amazonas and basin of the upper Rio Purus in - 228 P WT. OE. OG Th Vol. h1, No. the State of Acre). Doubtless occurs also in Bolivia in the region adjacent to the State of Acre. Known from 49 collec- tions. 71. Strychnos schunkei Krukoff & Barneby, Phytologia 25: 53. 1972. Distribution: Known only from the type collection from AOA OL Peru (San Martin). We shall mention here also specimens which may represent new species and which we did not describe as they were sterile. These are as follows: 21. S. cf. diaboli Sandwith, Kew Bull. 1931: 486. 1931. For details see Supplement VIII (Mem. NYBG 20: 35. 1969). The 6 Guiana sterile specimens are still unmatched; in fact we did not have any new collection from Guiana since 1969. Strychnos sp. nov. (?) Sect. Strychnos Another possible undescribed species was collected in Colombia near the border of Venezuela. We mention this col- lection in the paper published in Lloydia 35: 208. 1972. Strychnos sp. nov (?) Sect. Strychnos Still another possibly new species was collected in primary rain forest + 500 m in Taisha, prov. Saotingo~-Zamora, Ecuador. (Pennington & Cazalet 7514). It is represented by sterile sheets at K and NY. A single fruit which originally was with this collection apparently was lost at K as it was not found in the carpological collection or elsewhere in the Herbarium. The leaves of this collection cannot be matched with species known to occur in Ecuador and elsewhere. Below is a description of vegetative parts of this collection: Macroscopic: branchlets blackish; petioles 1-1/2-2 cm long; blades usually elliptic 15-18 cm long, 6-7.5 cm broad, obtuse to cuneate at base, usually long acuminate at apex, usually dull on both surfaces, chartaceous, 3-plinerved with the inner pair opposite and usually diverging at base, primary nerves impressed above, secondaries and veinlets not distinct, primary, secondaries and veinlets prominent below. Microscopic: branchlets, petioles and blades (especially nerves) softly pubescent with curved hairs, blades essentially glabrous and without tubercles above. 1979 Krukoff, Notes on Strychnos 229 APPENDICES Appendices I to IV (inclusive will be of interest to collectors as well as to workers on this genus, and Appendices V to VIII (inclusive) primarily to a future monographer. APPENDIX I Regions where new species are expected New species of Strychnos are not expected from the West Indies, Mexico and Central America in spite of the fact that at least Nicaragua is very poorly collected. Species of Strychnos are essentially lowland plants of rather broad distribution and endemics from high elevations are not expected. New species are expected from the Amazon basin in Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru and Colombia, in Brazilian Amazonia largely from the southern part. The rain forest of poorly collected Chocdé and of the western coast of South America in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru also might yield new species. Venezuela is amazing as time and again we find there species which were thought to be confined to the Amazon basin. This is probably largely due to Julian Steyermark who seems to pick up interesting localities. APPENDIX IL Species known from one collection (or two collections from the same plant) 17. S. krukoffiana Ducke (type from Flores near Manaus, Brazil). 30. S. lobeliodes Krukoff & Barneby (type from Vaupés, Colombia). 44. S$. goiasensis Krukoff & Barneby (type from Goids, Brazil; as it is Glaziou collection, the provenance is not certain). 44a. S. cayennensis Krukoff & Barneby (type from Saul, French Guiana). 45. S. duckei Krukoff & Monachino (type from Tabatinga, Amazonas, Brazil). 51. S. progeliana Krukoff & Barneby (type from Rio Japurd, Amazonas, Brazil). 62. S. neglecta Krukoff & Barneby (type from Rio Japur4, Amazonas, Brazil). 66. S. cerradoensis Krukoff & Barneby (two different collec- tions) (type from Vigosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil). 71. S$. schunkei Krukoff & Barneby (type from San Martin, Peru). 230 Poet Os OG he Vol. hi, No. APPENDIX III Species of which flowers (or at least corolla) are not yet known 28. S. solimoesana Krukoff (upper Rio Solimoes and Rio Tonantins, Brazil, and Amazonas, Colombia). 32a. S. croatii Krukoff & Barneby (Panama,south of Canal Zone a : ‘ } and Colombia,Choco. oe . progeliana Krukoff & Barneby (known only from Rio Japurd, Brazil). 66a. S. alvimiana Krukoff & Barneby (coastal Bahia, Brazil). APPENDIX IV Species of which fruits are not yet known 5. S. romeu-belenii Krukoff & Barneby (coastal Bahia, Brazil). S. krukoffiana Ducke (Flores, Manaus, Brazil). 30, S. lobeliodes Krukoff & Barneby (Vaupés, Colombia). 38a. S. ecuadoriensis Krukoff & Barneby (Napo, Ecuador). 44. S. goiasensis Krukoff & Barneby (Goids, Brazil). 45. S. duckei Krukoff & Monachino (Tabatinga, Amazonas , Brazil). SLs S. S. progeliana Krukoff & Barneby (Rio Japurd4, Anesénde Brazil). 57a. S. recognita Krukoff & Barneby (Bahia and Espirito Santo, Brazil). 62. - neglecta Krukoff & Barneby (Rio Japurd, Brazil). 7. ~ schunkei Krukoff & Barneby (San Martin, Peru). In addition to these mature and well preserved fruits are needed of 5 species. Le I S. tabascana Sprague & Sandwith (Eastern Mexico and Central America). 28 S. solimoesana Krukoff (basin of the upper Rio Solimoes, Rio Tonantins, Rio Purus and Rio Negro in Brazil, and Amazonas, Colombia). 35. S. bredemeyeri (Schultes) Sprague end Sandwith (Trinidad, Venezuela, Guiana and Brasil (Roraima). 44a, . cayennensis Krukoff & Barneby (Saul, French Guiana), fe . rubiginosa DeCandolle (Eastern Brazil - Piauf, Ceara, Pernambuco, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso and Paranda. APPENDIX V Species under which many synonyms, basionyms, etc. are listed Taxonomic problems relating to the three species listed below were well thrashed out in correspondence with Sandwith and 1979 Krukoff, Notes on Strychnos 231 Ducke and there was no disagreement among us that they are best treated as in our first monograph. We concluded that it is not advisable to separate even forms in these variable and poly- morphic species: 39. S. guianensis (Aublet) Martius 56. S. parvifolia DeCandolle 59. S. brasiliensis (Sprengel) Martius Under S. guianensis are listed 18 synonyms, basionyms, etc. Under S. parvifolia are listed 12 synonyms, basionyms, etc. This is also a polymorphic species with distribution in certain specific habitats on the Amazon as well as in north- eastern Brazil, which fact was a matter of correspondence with Ducke and his field study. We finally agreed that even forms cannot be separated in this polymorphic species. We maintained, however, as a distinct species, the related S. rubiginosa A. DeCandolle. S. brasiliensis with 13 synonyms, basionyms, etc., is one of the most variable species of American Strychnos as far as vegetative characters are concerned. APPENDIX VI Closely related species 63. S. brachistantha Standley 64. S. nigricans Progel 65. S. mattogrossensis S. Moore 66. S. cerradoensis Krukoff & Barneby The members of this complex cannot be distinguished on vegetative characters. The critical differences are found some in flower, others in fruit and they may be summarized as follows: 63. SS. brachistantha calyx-lobes 1-2x0.45-0.7 mn, (Mexico & Central lanceolate to narrowly ovate, America) (length-width ratio +2-3:1); corolla-tube!+0.6 mm, less than half as long as lobes, these +1.4 mm long; filaments +0.3 mm; anthers 0.6x 0.4 mm, glabrous; fruits large (6-7 cm in diam), shell very thick (+6 mm thick). ICharacters shown in italics do not occur in other species. 232 64. 65. 66. P BT Orb OG. Lk Vol. 1, No. S. nigricans (Southeastern Brazil Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, Rio do Janeiro, Sao Paulo and Paranda) S. mattogrossensis (Basins of the Amazon and Orinaco, also in Colombia (Choco, Guajire), Venezuela (Zulia, Yaracuy; Tachira), and Brazil (Maranhao, Ceard, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraiba and Bahia). S. cerradoensis (Minas Gerais). REMARKS : Ee calyx-lobes deltate, 0.7-0.9x 0.6-0.9 mm (length-width rathort bok); corolla-tube +1.3-1.4 mm, not or not much shorter than its lobes, these 1.3-1.7 mm long; filaments 0.2-0.3 mm long; anthers 0.7-0.8x0.4-0.6 m, barbate at base; fruits large (+5.5 cm in diam; shells very thick (+5 mm thick). calyx-lobes lanceolate to ovate- acuminate, 0.9-1.5x0.4-0.5 mm (length-width ratio +2-3:1); corolla-tube 0.75-0.9 mm, little more than half as long as the lobes (these 1/3-1.5 mm long); filaments 0.3-0.5 mm long; anthers 0.55-0.6x0.35-0.45 mm, glabrous ; fruits very small (+1.5 cm in diam) shell very thin (+0.5 mm thin). calyx-lobes lanceolate, 1.6-1.8 mn x0.6 mm; corolla-tube +0.6 mm, less than half as long as lobes, these +2 mm long; filaments 0.3 mm; anthers 0.8x 0.5 mm, glabrous; mature fruits not seen; shells very thick (+5 mm thick). The distribution is of great help in the identification of specimens of S. brachistantha, cerradoensis as their ranges do not overlap. S. mattogrossensis and S. S. mattogrossensis is the only one which can be immediately distinguished by the fruits. S. nigricans has 3 floral characters distinguishing it from other species in this complex: deltoid calyx-lobes, relatively long corolla-tube, and basally hairy anthers. 1979 Krukoff, Notes on Strychnos 233 6. S. rondeletioides Spruce 7. S. macrophylla Barbosa Rodrigues These are closely related species and Ducke and I agreed, even before finding excellent characters in fruits, to recognize as separate species. S. rondeletioides is mostly found on the varzea land along the shores of the rivers. Its leaves are narrower and usually dry an olive-ocher yellow. Furthermore, its fruit is very characteristic, ovoid or pyri- form, wrinkled like a prune on drying, whereas S. macrophylla is usually found on terra firme, has leaves usually drying brownish with blackened petioles and its fruit is globose, larger, with thicker shells and not wrinkled on drying. For other differences between these two species, see Key (9:211) also Ducke's paper (5:20). 69. S. poeppigii Progel 70. S. tarapotensis Sprague & Sandwith These two species cannot be distinguished on vege- tative and fruit characters but there is no difficulty whatsoever once flowers are available. Inflorescences of S. poeppigii are congested cymes spherically clustered, and its calyx lobes are extremely long, usually + 2.5 m. In S. tara- potensis, inflorescences are in loosely flowered paniculate cymes not congested, and its calyx lobes are usually not longer than 1.5 m and only occasionally up to 2 m. Once we know more about their ranges of distribution, these likely will also be helpful in identification. 5 ae S. panamensis Seemann | S. tabasacana Sprague & Sandwith I believe that they should best be left as distinct species rather than treating S. tabascana as a subspecies. The extreme form of S. panamensis with a large glabrous corolla and large thin-shelled fruits are especially common in Panama. S. tabascana with smaller pubescent corolla and probably in average smaller fruits with thicker shells are especially common in the State of Tabasco, Mexico. S. panamensis is a western species found from Mexico (Sinaloa) down to Panama, Colombia (Chocd, Magdalena, Santander, Antioquia and Caldas), and Venezuela (Zulia, Falcén, Mérida, Barinas and Apure). S. tabascana, on the other hand, is an eastern species found in Mexico from Veracruz down to Belize, Guata- mala, Honduras and Costa Rica. It is doubtful that it extends to Panama but likely soon will be collected in Nicaragua, Identifying sterile collections from regions where these two species approach their boundaries is very difficult. I have no record however of any locality where the two species are found together. 23h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. 39; S. guianensis (Aublet) Martius S. bicolor Progel As lately as 1972 (9:235) S. bicolor was easily separated from closely related S. guianensis by leaf-blades beneath densely fulvous-velutinous, above grey-glaucescent with conspicuous fulvous line on midrib. Their ranges were thought to be distinct, S. bicolor occurring in Minas Gerais, Goids, the Federal District, Mato Grosso and Sao Paulo in central Brazil, whereas S. guianensis was known to be well distributed in the basin of the middle and upper Orinoco and throughout the entire Amazon basin. Abundant recent collec- tions from Mato Grosso, Goids, the Federal District and Minas Gerais indicate that the concept of S. bicolor has to be some- what changed. Leaves of some specimens are almost glabrous beneath but still grey-glaucescent above, and others almost glabrous beneath and even not grey-glaucescent above. In Supplement XVI I suggested that eventually with the collection of abundant material in the critical area (northern limit of its distribution in the States of Mato Grosso and Goids, etc.) S. bicolor might yet be reduced to the synonymy of S. guianen- sis or retained as a form with a much restricted range in the State of Sao Paulo and adjacent regions. I added that I was unable to do this as even though 25 collections of S. bicolor were seen by me, only a few are deposited at NY. Furthermore, field work is needed before this problem can be satisfactorily re- solved. Since then I studied this problem further and found probably the clue to the solution which should be further in- vestigated in the field and by new collections. S. bicolor in critical areas seems to be confined to the cerrados and compara- tively high mountains such as Serra do Cipd. We may find that in critical areas where the ranges of the two species overlap they are confined to the different ecological habitats. It is ad- mitted that in these critical areas we likely will find plants with characters of these two distinct entities not so well marked as in the centers of their distribution. The same is found in the "critical" areas of S. panamensis and S. tabascana and of other closely related species. 33% S. gardneri A. DeOandolle Sa S. pubiflora Krukoff The corolla of S. gardneri is glabrous but that of S. pubiflora is pubescent without. As in the case with S. bicolor and S. guianensis (which are closely related) it is likely that ape also are confined to two different ecological habitats. -__pubiflora is common in cerrados and/or on the lower parts of as in the State of Minas Gerais (Serra do Cipd, Serra de 1979 Krukoff, Notes on Strychnos 235 Cabral, etc.) whereas S. gardneri has a very extensive range in eastern and central Brazil in dry virgin and secondary forests. Fruits of S. pubiflora should be checked by new collections, as on the insufficient material, both Ducke (5:30) and I suggested that perhaps those of S. pubiflora are smaller. 55% S. rubiginosa A. DeCandolle 56. S. parvifolia A. DeCandolle Back in 1969 (7:63) we mentioned that we needed abun- dant new collections and also fruits of S. rubiginosa and we still lack them. We now have, however, definite indications that these two species are confined to different ecological habitats, S. rubiginosa being found in Eastern Brazil in sertao (cerrados, chapada, etc.) and on mountains such as Serra de Acurud (Bahia), the type locality. For the ecological habitat of S. parvifolia see Appendix V of this paper. These two species, of course, are easily distinguished on vegetative characters. Blades of S. rubiginosa are densely pilosulous with fine and soft or moderately stiff, mostly erect but distally incurving hairs less than 0.7 mm long, the pubescence often being dense on both sides. In S. parvifolia the blades beneath are glabrous or subsetulose on midrib (wads of dense indumentum sometimes per- sistent), above glabrous or with curved hairs along midrib. For other differences see 9:246-247, 67. S. schultesiana Krukoff 68. S. malacosperma Ducke & Froes . malacosperma is known from 5 collections from the type iinet Colonia de Mulata near Monte Alegre, Pard, Brazil, and after many years of attempts we have given up hope of having additional topotypes. S. schultesiana is known from 8 collections. The type is from Amazonas (Igarape Belém), Brazil and the other collec- tions are from Venezuela (Mérida and Barinas). We hope before long to obtain good fruiting and flowering material of this species and decide whether or not these species are distinct. Fruit characters in Sect. Breviflorae are very impor- tant. Several pairs of species indistinguishable by vegetative and floral characteristics are easily distinguished by fruits. It is important to check whether the fruit characters of speci- mens collected in Venezuela will permit separation of S. schultesiana from S. malacosperma. I separated them in a Key (9:257) as follows: Pericarp + 3 mm thick; fruits 5-8 (10) cm in diam; seeds 20-25. - S. malacosperma Pericarp 1 mm thick; fruits + 8 cm in diam; seeds many - S. schultesiana ‘ 236 P. BeFe BO slp Ot pth Vol. 41, No. APPENDIX VII Species poorly understood Two species, Strychnos progeliana and Strychnos neglecta, are known from the type collections made by Martius on Rio Japura, Amazonas, Brazil, represented by specimens only at M. These are rather poor, the fruits are unknown, and these species were never recollected because Rio Japurd was not visited either by Ducke, myself, Froes, Prance or other recent collectors. It would be most interesting to recollect these two species, especially in fruit. Incidentally, I consider the Japura basin to be very rich in species of Strychnos as is the region of the Upper Rio Solimoes near the Colombian border. APPENDIX VIII Species described since the last extensive paper published in 1972 (Lloydia 35. 193-271) 32a. S. croatii Krukoff & Barneby, Suppl. #14 - Phytologia 332313): 19763 38a. S. ecuadoriensis Krukoff & Barneby, Suppl. #16 - Phytologia 39:276. 1978. 44a. S. cayennensis Krukoff & Barneby, Suppl. #13 - Phyto- logia 27:101. 1973. 53a. S. setosa Krukoff & Barneby, Suppl. #17 - Phytologia 1978. 57a. S. recognita Krukoff & Barneby, Suppl. #13 - Phytologia 27: 103, 1973. 66a. S. alvimiana Krukoff & Barneby, Suppl. #13 - Phytologia 27 1057 1o73. ise S. schunkei Krukoff & Barneby, Suppl. #12 - Phytologia yt a I ip oP 1979 Krukoff, Notes on Strychnos 237 List of Exsiccatae The first list of Exsiccatae covering papers on Strychnos, including Supplement XI, was published in Lloydia 35(3): 262- 270. 1972, the second covering Supplements XII, XIII and XIV in Phytologia 33: 319-322. 1976, the third covering Supple- ments XV and SVI in Phytologia 39: 281-282. 1978 and the present list covers Supplement XVII. Only numbered collec- tions and those of which the dates of collection are recorded have been listed. Collections identified with doubt are not listed. If a collector gathered his collection together with others, only his name is cited in this list. Collections with Dr. Prance's numbers are cited under Prance. Almeida, J., 128 (15). Boeke, Jef. D., 1327 (65). Burger, William, 10655 (12). Cardona, F., 1228 (35). Croat, T. B., 24206 (31), 40194 (12), 41877 (12), 43838 (12), 44412 (12). Forero, E., 1489 (39), 1524 (32a). Foster, Robin, 2501 (70), 3243 (70), 5007 (4), 6158 (70). Gentry, Al., 1952 (12), 15643 (23), 18343 (39), 18416 (38), 18471 (39), 18530 (32). Klein, R. M., 6/988 (11). LeClezio, 1 (12). Ledén, H., 638 (65). Liesner, R. L., 3135 (12), 3206 (31). meee. FP. 5, B., 2533..(21), Martinez, C. G., 2297 (13). Montgomery, Gene, s.n. (6/4-1976) (12). Neill, David, 3012 (12). Plowman, T., 6678 (38), 6694 (38). Prance, G. T., 23153 (61). Revilla, Juan, 1490 (36a), 1857 (39). Rodriguez, Hector, 68 (53). Santos, T. S., 165 (57a), 727 (57a), 1250 (53a), 1757 (66a), 2055 (57a), 2281 (54), 3012 (54), 3141 (65). Sie, B. i. G.,. 97 (11), 120-0): 238 10. Bass a 13. PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. Literature cited Ducke, Adolpho. O. género Strychnos L. na Amazonia Brasil- eira. Bol. Téc. do Inst. Agr. do Norte, 3:1-23. 1945. " + Plantas novas ou pouco conhecidas da Amazonia. Bol. Téc. do Inst. Agr. do Norte, 19:20-39. t. 7-9. 1950. 4 id 0) genero Strychnos no Rio de Janeiro, Bol. do Museu Nacional, 13. 1951. 4 * A new curare-plant from the Brazilian Amazon. An. Acad. Bras. Ciencias 24, 2i:209¥ele. teen A " wd O genero Strychnos no Brazil, Bol. Téc. do Inst. Agr. do Norte 30:1-64. 1955. Krukoff, B. A. and J. Monachino. The American species of Strychnos. Brittonia 4:248-322. 1942. Krukoff, B. A. and R. C. Barneby. Supplementary notes on the American species of Strychnos VIII. Mem. NYBGarden 20: 1-93. 1969. - fa 4 Supplementary notes on the American species of Strychnos IX. Mem. NYBGarden 20: 94-99. 1969. Krukoff, B. A. American species of Strychnos. Lloydia 35: 193=<271. 1972. ‘i 2 Supplementary notes on the American species of Strychnos XVI. Phytologia 39: 273-282. 1978. Progel, A. Loganiaceae. Martius Fl. Bras. 6(1):249-300. t. 67-82. 1868. Sandwith, N. Y. The genus Strychnos in British Guiana and Trinidad. Kew Bull. 1933. 390-400. 1933. re i Species minus cognitae. Hooker Icones Plantarum 3173-5. 1932 and 3223-5. 1933. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ON AMERICAN MENISPERMACEAE XIV NEOTROPICAL TRICLISIEAE AND ANOMOSPERMEAE B. A. Krukoff Consulting Botanist of Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, Rahway, N.J., and Honorary Curator of New York Botanical Garden. It is satisfactory that good steady progress is being made in our knowledge of both tribes. Since the latest paper of this series (Supplement XIII) was published, 65 new collections were examined, adding to our knowledge of several species. Extensions of range were noted for 9 species, and two species, namely Caryo- mene grandifolia and Anomospermum andersonii, are described as new. The prize collection is of a new genus, Cionomene javarien- sis, with extraordinary staminate flowers which have the inner 3 sepals fused for the most part into a solid column. Two excellent collections in mature fruit of Anomospermum reticulatum ssp. idroboi from Panama permitted Barneby and me to finally ascertain the identity of numerous collections from Costa Rica collected by Humberto Barquero M. on various occasions in 1970, 1971 and in 1977. First collection of Abuta steyermarkii in fruit and of Abuta aris- teguietae appear to back up our understanding that these two are distinct species. For their full understanding we need staminate specimens of both species which are still not known. The chemical work on neotropical Triclisiae and Anomosper- meae by Dr. Michael P. Cava and his associates continues. A new oxoaporphine alkaloid - splendidine - has been recently isolated from stem wood of Abuta rufescens Aublet.(1)Its structure was proved by total synthesis. The promising results on this project with cancer on behalf of the Cancer Institute are being followed; large samples, + 50 lbs. each, of Abuta rufescens, Sciadotenia toxifera and Abuta pahni were recently obtained by me and present- ly studied chemically by Dr. Cava. K. Thanikaimoni continues study of pollen. This study appears to be promising as there are several types of pollen in these tribes. The extensive paper on the wood anatomy of the two tribes by A. M. W. Mennega is still being revised by the author and unfortunately not yet published. Unexpectedly progress in the study of chromosomes was made, Seeds of several species were distributed to three institutions. At MO seeds did not germinate; at NY the technique in use was found not to be giving results with chromosomes of Menispermaceae which are very small and difficult to separate, Recently I re- ceived a communication from Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden in Hawaii to the effect that Dr. Carr succeeded in counting chromo- somes from rooting material of Elephantomene eburnea, These studies are of considerable interest as of the 16 known New World 239 2h0 PHYETOLOGIA Vol. 1, Now genera of Menispermaceae, chromosomes were studied of only four genera (Calycocarpum, Menispermum, Cocculus and Cissampelos). The material for all these studies (chemical, of the wood anat- omy, and some material for chromosome studies) were supplied by me. The time is not ripe as yet for writing Menispermaceae for Flora Neotropica, The revision of the small genus Hyper- baena, which was under study by Mathias for more than 15 years, still is not published. Furthermore, it is expected that many new species will be collected. We already have at NY material of 7 species and of one subspecies which are probably new and which we do not want to describe because of the lack of suffic- ient material. I am continuing to receive specimens of Central and South American Menispermaceae for identification. Among these, speci- mens of Sparattanthelium (Gyrocarpaceae), also less frequently sterile collections of Dioscorea (from Brazil only - not Central American) , and of Cucurbitaceae are often sent as unknown Menispermaceae, I. Chondrodendron Ruiz & Pavon, Syst. Veg. 26152 °4798.% ae Chondrodendron platiphyllum (A. de St. Hilaire) Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. IIIT. 19: 122. 1867. Brazil: TI. Plowman 7327 (ECON). Guanabara: D. Sucre 2074 (HB). Sao Paulo: Alb, Lofgren 3112. II. Curarea Barneby & Krukoff, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard«s (2202) cave 1 971i. 1. Curarea toxicofera (Weddell) Barneby & Krukoff, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard... 22(2): 9«..1991. Colombia: Chocéd: Rio Pichimd, +100 m, Luis E. Forero 666. Peru: Loreto: Maynas, Rio Itaya, Juan Revilla, 1501. This is the first record from Chocé; the species has been already collected in Panama, Bie Curarea tecunarum Barneby & Krukoff, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 2202) rdae 41971. Ecuador: Tzapino, alt. +420 m, Oldeman & Avedo 42. The collectors state on the label: "La corteza esta ras- gada en pedazitos muy chicos, y usada para preparar Curary (no hay otras plantas mescladas). Nombre Auca - "Hunta", " 1979 Krukoff, Notes on American Menispermaceae 21 CLONOMENE (1) Krukoff, gen. nov. Menispermaceum tribu Triclisieis referendum sepalis floris 73 intimis in columellam elongatam solidam androecium longe supra sepala externa calyculiformia elevantem concretis -- Generitypus: Cionomene javariensis Krukoff. Bush rope, young branchlets stout, striate, not lenticillate, minutely puberulent, hollow inside as in some spp. of Caryomene; petioles (2.5)-7-9 cm long, stout, striate, incrassate at both ends, minutely puberulent; leaf-blades coriaceous, suborbicular or broadly ovate, obtuse or submarginate at apex, subcordate at base, (7)- 13-19 cm long, (7)- 11-14 cm broad, glabrous and lus- trous above, densely and softly velvety-tomentulose below even at maturity; costa and secondaries depressed-caniculate above, very prominent beneath; secondaries (8)- 10-12 per side, ter- tiaries above slightly evident, prominent below; inflorescences narrowly cymose-paniculate serially supra-axillary, solitary or two together from young leafy branchlets, 11-23 cm long, many- flowered; - pedicels 2-5 mm; flower d: sepals 6--8, like the whole inflorescence densely velvety-puberulent externally, 1--2 exterior minute, 3 median at base of flower subequal ovate- deltate 1.5--1.8 x 1.5--2 mm, fleshy-thickened, dorsally convex, 3 interior linear-oblanceolate +5 mm, united through +3.5 mm into a solid column, the free lobes ovate +1.5 mm, valvate in bud + erect at anthesis; petals 6, flabellate-truncate +0.6 mm, the 3 outer embracing the opposed filament; androecium 6-merous, the filaments free from base, claviform slightly inclined, +0.6--0.8 mm, the latero-terminal prominulous anthers dehiscent by vertical slits. Brazil: Amazonas: basin of Rio Javari, Rio Cranes 8 miles above mouth, forest on terra firme, G. T. Prance, R. J. Hill, I. D. Pennington and J. M. Ramos 24137 (INPA-holotype, NY)» AGcE.. ‘25, 1976). Collectors describe the plant as liana, corolla brownish- cream, tubular, flowers sweet sickly scented. The plant cannot belong to the genera Chondrodendron, Curarea, Sciadotenia, Ungulipetalum, Telitocicum, Abuta, Ano- mospermum, Orthomene or Caryomene of which staminate flowers are known. This leaves out only Elephantomene, of which staminate flowers are not yet known. The plant has the matted indumentum on the underside of leaves, an indumentum of extremely fine and short hairs clothing the back of the leaf-blades with a felt so close that individual trichomes often cannot be distinguished except under magnifica- tion of at least 20 diameters. Only two genera in American (1)Means “column” + mene, 2h2 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. k Menispermaceae, Chondrodendron and Curarea, have the same kind of indumentum, but the one known species of Elephantomene does not. Furthermore, leaves of our plant are unique in the Ameri- can Triclisieae and Anomospermeae in outline; they are subor- bicular or broadly ovate (13-19 cm long and 11-14 cm broad) and subcordate at base, The full concept of this genus will not be understood until fruits and pistilate flowers are collected. This is the usual case with genera of newly described American Triclisieae and Anomospermeae because of extreme difficulties connected with their collection. It is to be recalled that fruits of Unguli- petalum, S$ flowers of Telitoxicum and Caryomene, and o and flowers of Elephantomene are not yet known. I place this genus in Triclisieae next to Curarea. I am backed on this by L. L. Forman, the specialist on Asiatic Menispermaceae, who stated in his letter to me: "It must be a new genus and I agree with your opinion that it could belong in Triclisieae, perhaps allied to Albertisia (syn. Epinetrum), where the inner 3 sepals are val- vate but largely joined (laterally only) into an elongate tube; but here many anthers are present on a fused synandrium with the petals at its base, i.e., inside the base of the calyx tube." For the latin diagnosis and the description of & flowers I am obligated to Barneby who questioned however whether this genus should be described in absence of its fruits or the staminate flowers of Elephantomene. Inasmuch as the type is from the poorly accessible Rio Javari (border of Brazil and Peru) and inasmuch as inspite of our efforts during the last three years, we failed to obtain staminate flowers of Elephantomene, I do not want to wait for the new collection of these two entities. III. Sciadotenia Miers, Ann. Nat. Hist, IL. 7:43, .1951. Te Sciadotenia sprucei Diels, Pflanzenreich 4(94): 84. 1910. Brazil: Parad: Serra do Cachimbo, BR 163, Cuiabd - San- tarem Highway, km 1135, vicin. of Igarape Natal, terra firme, G, T..Prance 23306. 9. Sciadotenia brachypoda Diels in Engler, Pflanzenreich 4 (94): 84. 1910. Brazil: Acre: Cruzeiro do Sul, proximo do aeroporto novo, O. P. Monteiro & C. D. Mota 114. This is the first record of this species from the State of Acre. 1979 Krukoff, Notes on American Menispermaceae 2h3 ae wa Van Xe aun wR TN ry Aaa ’ ee Ase A XY. de : iit! % aX we Fe & arte SoS as R. a AD. iter) Owe. rte 4 we IES ee Pel A a OUAte SS aft wry as, fe) a eee = aA rege ear N v r ay aa - ra) hes vi ie & > x & a ~ fr . Rh CIONOMENE JAVARIENSIS Krukoff (Prance 24137) 2hh Pwr To Toe Ts Vol. 1, No. 16. Sciadotenia pubistaminea (K. Schumann) Diels in Engler, Pflanzenreich 4(94): 85. 1910. Brazil: Bahia: E. Pereira 9469. This is the fourth collection of this species, It is known from the States of Bahia and Minas Gerais; its fruits are not yet known. V. Telitoxicum Moldenke in Krukoff & Moldenke, Brittonia 3: 42. 1938. 7. Telitoxicum negroense (Krukoff & Moldenke) Krukoff, comb. nov. Telitoxicum negroense (Krukoff & Moldenke) Krukoff, Phy- tologia 25(1): 37. 197%2. Not validly published because the place and date of pub- lication of this basionym were not cited. Abuta negroensis Krukoff & Moldenke, Bull. Torrey Club 70: 403. 1943. The reasons for making a new combination are amply covered in Supplement IX (Phytologia 1972). This species still known only from the type collection (Froes 12423) collected near Santa Ana, on Rio et basin of the upper Rio Negro, State of Ama- zonas, Brazil. VI. Abuta Barrére ex Aublet, Pl. Guian. 1: 618. Pl. 250. 1775. 1. Abuta rufescens Aublet, Hist. Pl. Guian. 1: 618. Pl. 250. 1775. French Guiana: Cayenne, Saul, circuit Belvédtre, 300 m avant d'arrivée au sommet , M. Fournet 20 (30/6-1978). Brazil: Pard: Itaituba, Altamira, N. A. Rosa & M. Silva 2233. Peru: Huanuco: Leon Prado, Rupa Rupa, al este de Tingo Maria, cerca al cerro Quemado, Schunke 10202. The specimens from Brazil and Peru are vouchers for samples of stemwood for chemical studies in connection with can- cer research by Dr. M. Cava. 4, Abuta grisebachii Triana & Planchon, Ann. Sci. Nat. IV, 17s 587. L662. Colombia: Vaupés: R. Romero Castaneda 3837 (F). Brazil: 1979 Krukeff, Notes on American Menispermaceae 2h5 Amazonas: near Manaus, O. C. Nascimento et al. 272 (INPA); * fe oT gee 6 ee eee PES Mato Grosso: basin of Rio Aripuana, above Andurina, Prance et al. 18681. This is the first record of this species from Mato Grosso. 5. Abuta candollei Triana & Planchon, Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 17: 47. 1862. Brazil: Amazonas: D. Coélho 737 (INPA) (near Manaus, oa S2 35 ; Reserva Forestal Ducke), Froes 22859 (basin of Rio Negro). 6. Abuta aristeguietae Krukoff & Barneby, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 2O(Z ys 2h, ‘L970. Ecuador: Azuay: highway Cuenca - Cola de San Pablo, road- side 1650 m, Jef. D. Boeke et al. 1002 (2/15-1977 -frts.). This is the first collection of this species from Ecuador, It has been known previously from 11 collections, five (including type) from Venezuela, two from Peru and four from Costa Rica. The staminate flowers of this species are still not known, There is no longer any doubt that A. aristeguietae is specifically distinct from the related A, steyermarkii already collected in Mexico (Chiapas), Belize and Guatemala. Unlike in A. steyermarkii, the dry epicarp of this species turns dark purplish-brown and becomes dotted with distinct pale fawn- colored scabrous dots, as in the case with A. dwyerana. The endocarp in A. steyermarkii is also much thiner. 7. Abuta _steyermarkii (Standley) Standley, Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 23: 156. 1944. Mexico: Chiapas: near Guadalupe, selva Lacandona, Oco- singo, alt. 470 m, Juan I. Calzada et al. 2844 (Jan. 24, 1976 - Frits.) (FE) This is the first record of this species from Mexico. It has been known previously from seven collections, four (includ- ing type) from Guatemala and three from Belize. This collection is the first collection in fruit, which is different from that of A, aristeguietae (see under A, aristiguietae). The staminate flowers are still not known, Drupe is oblong-ellipsoid, rounded on both ends scarcely incurved, a little laterally compressed +2.25 x 1.2 cm, strigulose with appressed hairs, not dotted with distinct pale fawn-colored scabrous dots. 26 rereoDroers Vol. 1, No. 9. Abuta pahni (Martius) Krukoff & Barneby, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gare. 22(02)7 43. 1971. Peru: Loreto: Maynas, T. Plowman et al. 6759. 11. Abuta barbata Miers, Contr. Bot. 3: 83. 1871. French Guiana: Cayenne: salil, M. Fournet 19. 14. Abuta selloana Eichler, Flora 47: 389, 1864. Brazil: Guanabara: Herb. Jard. Bot. Rio 148538 (US). 24. Abuta racemosa (Thunberg) Triana & Planchon, Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 17: 48. 1862 Panama: Canal Zone: Barro Colorado Island, Robin Foster 2318 (F). 25. Abuta panamensis (Standley) Krukoff & Barneby, Mem. N.Y. Bot. Card. 2002): 22, “1970, Mexico: Veracruz: J. I. Calzada 678 (F) (Los Tuxtlas), Se See eae. 1077 (F) (Catemaco). Honduras: Copan, Antonio Molina 30600 (MO). Costa Rica: Heredia: Gary S. Hartshorn 1116. This is the first record of this species from Heredia, 26. Abuta chiapasensis Krukoff & Barneby, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. Z0(2Z)- 23, 1970, Mexico: Chiapas: munic. Ocozocoautla de Espinosa, 3 km N, of Ocozocoautla, D. E. Breedlove 23348, Fruits of this species are described for the first time. Drupe obovoid 20-24 x 13-15 mm, densely minutely appressed- velutinous and inconspicuously lenticellate, the mealy exocarp +05 mm, the crustaceous endocarp +02 mm thick. 27. Abuta grandifolia (Martius) Sandwith, Kew Bull. 1937: Sey. E937. Venezuela: Alto Orinoco, Leon Croizat 399A (F). Brazil: Marlene da Silva & L. D. Co@lho s.n. (18/8-1971) (MO); Mato Grosso: A. S. Lima s. n. (11/17-1944). Peru: Loreto: Maynas, T. Plowman et al. 6611. Ecuador: Cononaco, alt. 300 m, Oldeman & R.A. A. Arevalo 115. 1979 Krukoff, Notes on American Menispermaceae 27 VII. Caryomene Barneby & Krukoff , Mem. N. Y. Bot, card. “22(2)*-52,. L971. ei Caryomene grandifolia Barneby & Krukoff sp. nov. a caeteris generis speciebus foliis maximis, lamina saepissime 15--35 cm longis absimilis. Bush-rope wholly glabrous, but the leaf-blades very dense- ly minutely pallid-papillose beneath, the young stems pale green to blackish, striate, without lenticels. Petiole slender, 4-16 cm long, between the thickened extremeties 1-2.2 mm diam. Leaf- blades chartaceous, olive-green, lustrous above, dull beneath, conspicuously pallid-nerved, broadly to narrowly ovate-acuminate, rounded to sinuately subtruncate (rarely very broadly cuneate) at base, long acuminate and mucronate at apex, (0.9-)1.5-3.5 cm long, (4.5-)6-18 cm diam. Primary venation of 5 nerves from the base, the outer pair weak, submarginal, less than 1/4 length of blade, the inner pair divergently incurved-ascending from shortly above insertion of petiole to or beyond middle of blade, the costa giving rise on each side to +3-4 incurved-ascending and several weaker, interposed, divaricate secondaries, these all elevated both sides but more strongly so beneath, the tertiary venation and reticulation faint, the ultimate defined areoles beneath much /1 mm diam. Flowers &’= sepals 6, the 3 outer small +1.5 x 0.8-1 mm, the three inner much larger 3-4 x 2-2.5 mm, imbricate in vernation; petals 6, fleshy, glabrous embracing filaments; stamens 6 cobriform, all equal, 1.3 mn, Brazil: Amazonas: Maués, grounds of Guarana factory, disturbed forest on terra firme, D. G. Campbell, O. P. Monteiro, B. W. Nelson, J. O. Ongley (G. T. Prance number 22127 (Apr. 25, 1974 - flrs.) (Holotype - NY); basin of Rio Negro, Macubeta on Rio Marie, Frdées 12477/221. Peru: Loreto: vicinity of Aguay- tfa, Mathias & Taylor 5127, 5130, T. J. Zavortink 2294, J. Schunke 1970/21, 1970/26. The earliest collection, which is sterile, was collected in 1942 while Froes, in the employ of Chicle Development Co., was collecting gum samples and vouchers on the tributaries of the upper Rio Negro. Frdées' field number of this collection is 221 while 12477 stands for Krukoff Herbarium, This collection puzzled us for a long time. We referred (Mem, N. Y. Bot. Gard. 20(2): 11. 1970) to it and to three others from Peru as repre- senting an undescribed Abuta perhaps related to A. imene. How- ever, once the generic concept of Caryomene emerged, the rela- tionship of this undescribed entity was revealed, the dense but minute papillosity of the leaf's lower surface and the general facies and venation of the foliage being characteristic of the genus. It differs from the four described species of Caryomene 28 PALS-F-O LOE 2k Vol. 41, No. in the large size of the leaves. Prance et al. 22127 is the first collection of this species, in fact, the first of the genus in staminate flowers. The above description of vegetative parts and its history of collections are taken from Suppl. VIII (Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard, 22(2): 60. 1971). It is interesting to note that two sterile collections of Schunke match the fertile collection of Prance et al. in every detail. The Schunke collection, Zavortink 2294, and Mathias 5127, 5130 were collected from the same property ("'chacra de don Diogenes del Aguila"). The undersurface of the leaves in some of these are strikingly olive-green when dry, resembling in this character Caryomene olivascens,. The costa of leaf-blades in C. grandifolia, as in the case with C. foveolata and C. prumnoides is elevated above and ter- tiary venation of upper leaf-surface slender but evident and prominulous. In C. glaucescens and C. olivascens costa is de- pressed-caniculate above and tertiary venation of upper surface is immersed and invisible. It is distinguished from C. prumnoides and C. foveolata, in fact, from all other known species of Caryo- mene, in its large leaves 15-35 cm (in average), almost twice as large as of other known species, long acuminate and mucronate at apex. VIII. Anomospermum Miers, Ann. Nat. Hist. Tit, 24:2" LGE.- 2668. 1. Anomospermum grandifolium Eichler, Flora 47: 388. 1864. Colombia: Chocdéd: along Rio Pavaranddéd, near border with Antioquia, W of Mutata, forest remnants along stream and on steep slopes, +150 m, Al. Gentry & Henry Leon 20243 (Oct. 8, 1977 (MO, NY-frts. only). This is the first record of this species from Colombia. This collection in mature fruit. 4a, Anomospermum chloranthum Diels spp. chloranthum, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Garden 22(2): 68. 1971. Brazil: Amazonas: estrada Manaus - Porte Velho, O. P. Monteiro & J. Ramos 789 (INPA). This is the first record of this species from Amazonas. 5a. Anomospermum reticulatum (Martius) Eichler ssp. reticulatum, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 22(2): 73. 1971. 1979 Krukoff, Notes on American Menispermaceae 2h9 Brazil: Acre: Serra do Divisor, J. Ramos & G. Mota 336 (INPA). 5d. Amomospermum reticulatum (Martius) Eichler ssp. idroboi Krukof£ & Barneby, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 22(2): 75. 1971. This subspecies was described from rather complete material, two collections with staminate flowers and one with mature fruits, all from a single locality, Cordillera La Macarena, Meta, Colombia at 1300-1900 m. Plants of Menispermaceae are among the most unsatisfactory creations of nature from the taxonomist's point of view. Flowers are extremely small and dioecious, and some genera can be told apart only on fruit and seed characters. Under the cir- cumstances, we usually have in a Herbarium half a dozen or so collections which probably represent new species but cannot be described until flowers of one or other sex or mature fruit are procured. In 1970 three collections of Anomospermum were re- ceived from H. Barquero M., one with immature fruit and two others with pistillate flowers. They were mentioned in Supplement X (Lloydia 37: 26. 1974.). Many letters were written to Sr. Bar- quero urging him to collect staminate flowers and mature fruits. In 1971 he sent a second pistillate collection in flower, and in 1977, still three other collections were received, one with fe- male flowers, one with male flowers (unfortunately infected by mycelium), and a third with almost mature fruit. In the meantime a sterile collection (Croat 22158 (MO) was received from Panama which was cited in Supplement XI (Phytologia 33: 335. 1976.). Finally in June 1978, on a visit to MO, two excellent collections from Panama were found, both with mature fruit, one from Coclé and another from Colén. With these collections we finally have com- plete material of this subspecies, male and female flowers and mature fruits. The form and sculpture of the endocarp placed these collections in subspecies idroboi. Excellent, abundant leaf material of these two collections connect them with those from Colombia and Costa Rica. The discontinuous distribution, which would be rather unusual in another group of plants, should not distress those who work on Menispermaceae, a family from which many similar examples could be cited. In 1938, when I was working on the first Monograph of Menispermaceae (Brittonia 3: 1-74. 1938.), Chondrodendrum tomentosum Ruiz & Pavon which, by the way, is the principal in- gredient of Curare of many Indian tribes on the Amazon, espec- ially in Peru, had been collected on several occasions in the Panama Canal Zone. Because this seemed to be a very disjoined range of distribution, I studied Ch. hypoleucum especially care- fully before reducing it to Ch. tomentosum. During the last 40 250 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. years, of course, it has been collected outside of the Ama- zonian basin in Colombia (Caqueta) and also in the provinces of Panama and Darién (Panama) . Orthomene verruculosa (Krukoff & Barneby) Barneby and Kru- koff was originally collected in Vaupés, Colombia and then it was a great surprise to receive three specimens of it from French Guiana and one from adjoining Amap4, Brazil. These are cited in Supplement IX (Phytologia 25: 45-48. 1972.). Still another example is Curarea toxicofera (Weddell) Barneby & Krukoff, originally thought to be confined to the Amazonian basin, but eventually found in Colombia (Caqueta) outside of the Amazonian basin and in Panama (provinces of Panama, Coldn, Darién and Canal Zone). Costa Rica: Alajuela: Zapote de Alfaro Ruiz, Finca Los Ensayos, elev. 1100 m, Humbero Barquero M. 1970/202 (frts.), 1970/s.n., 1970/s.n., 1971/s.n. (0), 9/20-1977/s.n. (0% in- fected with mycelium), 9/20-1977/é.n. (0), 10/26-1977/s.n. Panama: Chiriqui: Burica Peninsula, néar Costa Rican border, Croat 22158 (MO); Cocle: 7 kmN of El Copé, +900 m, Jim Folsom 1313 (1/14-1977 - frts.) (MO), Coldn: Rio Lavanita, W. C. D'Arcy 11246 (4/7-1977 - frts.) (MO). According to Barquero, flowers in Costa Rica usually occur in September. 8. Anomospermum andersonii Krukoff sp. nov. Species folio- rum laminiis elongatis pinnatinervibus, drupis gracilibus 2-1/2plo longioribus quam latioribus a congeneribus differt. For the description of sterile material of this species I refer to Supplement VIII (Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 22(2): 78. 1971). At that time five collections were available to Barneby and me, three from the basin of the upper Rio Solimoes, Amazonas, Brazil and two from vicinity of Aguaytia, San Martin, Peru. Recently I received an excellent collection in mature fruits and now this species can be formally described as new, Drupe obliquely oblong-ellipsoid + 4 x 2 cm; endocarp + 1.5 mm thick, carinate around the long diameter and shallowly pitted in lines along either side of the keel, otherwise al- most smooth externally except for fine incised venulation, the wall of the cavity undulately wrinkled but otherwise smooth, the external pits not produced internally as prongs. Brazil: Pardé: basin of the upper Rio Tapajés, Rio Cururd, 1-10 km upriver from Pratatf 200-300 m; ca 8°8, 57°5' W; dense 1979 Krukoff, Notes on American Menispermaceae 251 inundated vegetation of trees and vines along edge of river at flood level, William R. Anderson 10861 (Feb. 12, 1974) (Holotype - NY); Amazonas: basin of Rio Solimoes, Krukoff 7565, 7567 (Sao Paulo de Olivenga) , Frées 12151 (Igarape Belem). . Peru: San Martin - Loreto, vicin. in. of Agua Aguaytia, Mathias & Taylor 3526 (NY, UCLA), 5090 (NY, UCLA). Few, if any, species of Menispermaceae had such a diffi- cult time being "born". It was first collected by me in Jan- uary 1936, then by Froes in 1939, then by Mathias in 1957 and 1960 and finstiy for the first time in fruit by Anderson in 1974. Dr. Anderson asked me to have the holotype deposited at INPA, the only other Herbarium besides NY which is supposed to have this collection. I have written them and the specimen could not be located. Under the circumstances, I have no choice but to describe the species on the basis of the specimen deposited in NY. It differs immediately from Anomospermum matogrossense, fruits of which are not known, in differently shaped leaves which are 3 to 5 times as long and they are wide whereas in A. matogrossense they are not more than 2-1/2 times as long as they are wide. Leaves of Anomospermum andersonii superficially re- semble leaves of Telitoxicum rodriguesii from which they are also immediately distinguished by distinct reticulation on both surfaces of the leaves tertiaries as seen under a magnifying glass. For the latin diagnosis I am obligated to Barneby. He ques- tions however that the five sterile specimens cited above are conspecific with the type. IX. Orthomene Barneby & Krukoff, Mem. Ba+Y¥s Bot. Gard. 22(2): 79. 197%, 1. Orthomene schomburgkii (Miers) Barneby & Krukoff, Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gard. 22(2): 80. 1971. Colombia: Antioquia: Munic. Anori, D. D. Soejarto et al. 3943 (MO). Peru: Loreto: J. Schunke V. 6607 (San Martin), Al. Gentry et al. 19070 (MO) (Loreto). This is the first record from Antioquia, X, Elephantomene Barneby & Krukoff Lloydia 37: 27. 1974. 1. Elephantomene eburnea Barneby & Krukoff, Lloydia 37: 28. 1974, French Guiana: Salil: S. Mori & J. J. de Granville 8780 (plateau la Dourne), M. Fournet s.n. (frts. collected on the 252 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. ground). Mori and de Granville 8780 probably from the same plant as de Granville 2704. Seeds of this collection germinated many months after they were sown at N. Y. Botanical Garden. The drupe was not known to us and is described below. Drupe (Fournet s.n.) obliquely pyriform 7 x 5 cm, not or scarcely compressed, the leathery exocarp 4--5 mm thick, the succulent mesocarp traversed by fibers adherent to the endocarp. Endocarp as described in the protolologue of the species. Species not described because of absence of sufficient material Eight species and 1 subspecies are left undescribed be- cause of lack of fertile or sufficient material. In order to facilitate their collection, the known localities are listed here. For descriptions of their vegetative parts the reader is referred to the papers where they were mentioned. 18. Sciadotenia sp. Peru: Loreto: down river from Yurimaguas, Mathias & Taylor 3933 (9 with inflorescence - axes, carpo- phores but no drupes) (See . N. Y« Bot. Gard. 22: 25. 23a 19, Sciadotenia sp. Brazil: Pard: Serra do Cachimbo, Cuiabd - Santarem high- way, km 1300, terra firme, Prance 25705 (sterile) (See Phytologia 39: 265. 1978). 31.) Abuta, sp. Brazil: basin of Rio Negro, Maturaca on Rio Cauaburi, R. E. Schultes 24577 (INPA) (sterile) (See Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 22: 52. £971)" 32. Abuta sp. Colombia: Chocé: Gentry & Forero 7203 (MO, NY) - hills behind Bahia Solano (Puerto Mutis) alt. 0-250 m, tropical wet forest (See Phytologia 33: 333. 1976); Gentry & Fallen 17731 - Rio San Juan, just below Tadd, +100 m (See Phytologia 39: 289. 1978). Both collections are sterile. 33. Abuta sp. Colombia: Chocdé: vicin. of Unguia, +50 m, Gentry 16723 1979 Krukoff, Notes on American Menispermaceae 253 (NY) (sterile) (See Phytologia 39: 289, 1978). 5h. Anomospermum reticulatum ssp. (7?) Peru: Hudnuco: southwestern slope of the Rfo Llulla Pichis watershed, on the ascent of Cerros del Sira (in rain forest, +1290 m), Frank Wolfe 12339 (F), 12340 (F). Both col- lections are sterile (See Phytologia 25: 44, 1972). 10. Anomospermum sp. Colombia: Valle: costa del Pacffico, Rfo Cajambre, silva, alt. 5-80 m, Cuatrecasas 17528 (F) (sterile) (See Phytologia: Bae Sade SED) is 6. Caryomene sp. Surinam: Brokopongo Dct.: 8 km of village Brownsweg, Van Donselaar 2211 (U, NY-fragment) (sterile) (See Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard, 22: O1., 1971). 7. Caryomene sp. French Guiana: Saul, M. Fournet 25 (frts. collected on the ground). Fournet states on the label: "a vine 40-50 cm in diam." This is the first record of this genus in French Guiana. Bibliography (In order to conserve space, I am citing only the papers which are not cited in Supplements VII-XII). 1. Cava, Michael P., et al. Splendidine. A new Oxoaporphine alkaloid from Abuta rufescens Aublet. Submitted to Can. Jour. Chemistry. 2. Krukoff, B. A. and R. C. Barneby. Supplementary notes on American Menispermaceae XIII. Neotropical Triclisieae and Anomospermeae. Phytologia 39: 283-293. 1978. 25h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 41, No. List of Exsiccatae The first list of Exsiccatae covering our papers on Menis=- permaceae including Supplement VIII was published in Mem, N. Y. Bot. Gard, 22: 1-89. 1971, the second list covering Supplements IX, X and XI in Phytologia 33: 337-340. 1976, and the third covering Supplements XII and XIII in Phytologia 39: 292-293. 1978. The present list covers Supplement XIV. The number in parenthesis corresponds with the species - number of this and other papers (Supplements VIII to XIII). Only numbered collec- tions and those of which the dates of collection are recorded have been listed. If a collector gathered his collection to- gether with others, only his name is cited in this list. Col- lections with Dr. Prance's numbers are cited under Prance, Anderson, W. R., 10861 (AN8) Barquero M., H.,202/1970 (frts.) (AN5d), s.n. 1970 (9) (AN5d), s.n./1970 (0) (AN5d), s.n./1971 (0) (AD5d), s.n.?Sept. 20, 1977 (07) (AN5d), s.n./Sept. 20, 1977 (0) (AN5d), s.n./Oct. 26, 1977 (ANSd), s.n./Nov. 1977) (seedling raised at NYBG) (ANS). Boeke, Jef.D., 1002 (A6). Breedlove, D. E., 23348 (A26). Calzada, Juan I., 678 (A25), 1077 (A25), 2844 (A7). Castaneda, Romero R., 2837 (A4). Coelho, D., 737 (A5). Croizat, Leon, 399A (A27). D'Arcy, W. G., 11246 (AN-5d). Folsom, Jim, 1313 (AN5d). Forero, Luis, E., 666 (CU1). Foster, Robin, 2318 (A24). Fournet, M., 19 (All), 20 (Al), s.n. (Oct. 1978) (El). Frées, R., 12151 (AN8), 12477/221 (C5), 22859 (A5). Gentry, Al., 19070 (01), 20243 (AN1). Hartshorn, Gary S., 1116 (A25). Herb. Jard. Bot. Rio, 148538 (Al4). Krukoff, B. A., 7565 (AN8), 7567 (AN8). Lima, A. S., sen. (11/17-1944) (A27). Lofgren, Alb., 3112 (CH2). 1979 Krukoff, Notes on American Menispermaceae 255 Mathias, M., 3526 (AN8), 5090 (AN8), 5127 (C5), 5130 (C5). Molina, Antonio, 30600 (A25). Monteiro, O.P., 114 (S9), 789 (AN4a). Nascimento, 0. C., 272 (A4). Oldeman, R. A. A., 42 (CU3), 115 (A27). Pereira, E., 9469 (S16). Plowman, T., 6611 (A27), 6759 (A9), 7327 (CH2). Prance, G. T., 18681 (A4), 22127 (C5), 24137 (C1), 25506 (S7). Ramos, J., 336 (AN5a). Revilla, J., 1501 (CU1) Rosa, N. A., 2233 (Al). Schunke, V., José, 6607 (01), 10202 (Al), 1970/21 (C5), 1970/ 26 (C5). Silva, Marlene, da, s.n. (Aug. 18, 1971) (A27) Soejarto, D. D., 3943 (01) Sucre, D., 2074 (CH2). Zavortink, T. J., 2294 (C5). NOTES ON THE SPECIES OF ERYTHRINA. XIII B. A. Krukoff Consulting Botanist of Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey; Honorary Curator of New York Botanical Garden. Erythrina Symposium II was published in LLOYDIA in Sept./ Oct. 1977. Eight additional papers are planned for publication early in 1979 as Erythrina Symposium III. I plan to submit a brief paper for this Symposium, reserving the present one for in- formation which is best published separately. 169 new collections were examined in connection with the preparation of this paper. No novelties are described as these, as well as the extensions of range of various species, are re- served for Supplement XII which will be published as a part of Erythrina Symposium III. The important part of this paper is List of Exsiccatae covering specimens cited in papers of this series including the first monograph published in BRITTONIA in October 1939. 1. Erythrina fusca Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 427. 1790 based on Gelala aquatica Rumphius, Herb. Amb. 2:235. t.78. 1750. Belize: Jansen & Ives 1188 (MO) (Belize District, coastal shoreline), John D. Dwyer 10741 (US). Costa Rica: Guanacaste: +10 m, G. Davidse 1452 (F). Colombia: Cauca: H. Garcia-Barriga 18834 (F). Ecuador: Guayas: Guayaquil, Alicia A. de Delgado 79 (MO); Brazil: Amazonas: Humayta, A. P. Duarte 7210 (F). Ceylon: R.H. Maxwell 831 (US), A. H. M. Jayasuriya 1411 (US), 1614 (US). Indonesia: West Irian: Kostermans 838 (A). Samoa: Upolu, Art Whistler 618 (US). Caroline Islands: S. F. Glassman 2904 (US). New Guinea: Sepik Dct., A. N. Millar NGF35133 (A); Morobe Dct., NGF 12370 (A), NGF24979 (A). Zs Erythrina crista-galli L. Mant. 99. 1767. Panama: Panamd4: (cult.), Edwin L. Tyson 6261 (MO). Brazil: Sello s.n. (Mel. 77260) (MEL); Bahia: Ilheus, (cult.), T. S. Santos 27599; Minas Geraes: Mel. 77238 (MEL); Sao Paulo: Anibal Gimenos 2628. Argentina: D. Seigler s.n. (Oct. 1976). Hong-Kong: (cult.), Kit Yock Chan 164 (US). Hawaii: (cult.), K. Nagata 811 (HLA). Australia: (cult.), Mel. 77239 (MEL). a3 Erythrina falcata Bentham in Mart. Fl. Bras. £502) 24922-8659 Brazil: Sao Paulo: Campinas: C. Pacheco s.n. (29/7- 1951); Santa Catarina: J. Mattos 12147, L. B. Smith 12558 (F), 256 1979 Krukoff, Notes on thrina 257 12729 (F), 12800 (US), 12945 (US). Bolivia: Cochabamba: Christopher Davidson 5109. 5. Erythrina ulei Harms, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 467172. 1907. Peru: Cuzco: Prov. Paucartambo, Robin B. Foster 3040 (6/7-1974 - flrs. only; leafless) (F). 7. Erythrina poeppigiana (Walpers) O. F. Cook in Bull. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bot.-25:57. 1901. Cuba: (cult.), A. Gonzales 600 (BM). Jamaica: (cult.), T. G. Yuncker 17899 (BM). Dominican Republic: (cult. -)» Alain H. Liogier 21313 (F). Guatemala: (cult.), Oswaldo Téllez 541 541. Costa Rica: Cartago: Turrialba, (cult.), William T. Gillis 10188 (F). Peru: San Mart{n: Lamas, 1000-1050 m, Jose Schunke V. 9752. Ceylon: (cult.), IT. B. Warthington 2724 (BM), 1790 (BM) (progeny of "2724")., 8. Erythrina suberosa Roxburgh, Hort. Beng. 53, nomen. 1814; Ply) fad. 3:25.’ 1832, India: Dehra Dun, Kirat Rum s.n. (2/4-1922) (BM), s.n. (25/4-1922) (BM); Nepal: J. F. Dobremez 1805 (BM). 10. Erythrina stricta Roxburgh, Hort. Beng. 53, nomen. 1814; Pls fade" S 251421 se2k India: Nepal: alt.+100 m, J. Makin 113 (BM) (March- flrs.; leafless). North Burma: F. Kingdon Ward 20724 (BM) (Apr. 26, 1953 - flrs.; leafless). 13. Erythrina_ subumbrans (Hasskarl) Merrill in Philipp. Jour. Sei.” BOC oe bis, * 1910e Burma: Herb. Melbourne 77291. India: F. M. Jarrett HFP 874 (US) (Mysore), C. Thanikaimoni 1313 (near Yercand), Herb. Melbourne 77263, 77290. Ceylon: R. H. Maxwell 901 (US), 976 (US). Sumatra: 0. Beccari 888. Philippines: Luming 1161. Samoa: Sawaii, Art Whistler 571 (US). 14. Erythrina breviflora Alph. DeCandolle, Prodr. 2:413. 1825. Mexico: México: Olivia Converse 133 (MEXU) (Valle de Bravo, +1970 m); Morelos: Wolfgang Boege e 1984 (10/12-1971 - flrs.) (MEXU); Michoacan, Br. Arsene 2868 (9/8-1909 - flrs.) (+2100 m), Mario Sousa 7998 (8/20-1977 - 7 - flrs.) (2050 m); Oaxaca: +1600 m, Mario - Sousa 5811 (8/19-1976 - flrs.) (MEXU). 258 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, Now $5: Erythrina edulis Triana; M. Micheli, Jour. de Bot. 6:145. 1892. Colombia: Caldas: T. Plowman 3753 (A). Peru: Ayacucho: prov. La Mar, M. T. Madison 10262-70 (F). Ecuador: Napo: near Cosanga, E. W. Davis 347 (S). 16. Erythrina speciosa Andrews, Bot. Repos. 7:pl. 443. 1806. Brazil: Sao Paulo: M. de Goes 19. 20. Erythrina leptorhiza Alph. DeCandolle, Prodr. 2:413. 1825. Mexico: Jalisco: El Mirador, +1800 m (abundant), A. Delgado 259 (16/3-1970 - flrs.) (MEXU); Hidalgo: Santa Gertrudis, +2500 m, L. S. Rodriguez J. 1162 (23/3-1975 - flrs.) (MEXU); Mexico: Olivia Converse 135 (MEXU) (+2558 m), Mario Sousa 4584 (MEXU) (+2400 m); Morelos: I. K. Langman 3518 (5/5-1941 - flrs.) (MEXU). 22a, Erythrina herbacea L. subsp. herbacea. Erythrina herbacea Li. OP, Fly foe. £755 Bens,. BEL. U.S.A.: Florida: Col. W. L. Stern 3337 (US) (Keys), Rugel 135 (BM), W. J. Dress 949 (BM), 950 (BM); Texas: D. S. Correll 31007. 22b,. Erythrina herbacea L. subsp. nigrorosea Krukoff & Barneby in Phytologia 25(1):6. 1972. Mexico: Veracruz: Bruce Hansen 1788 (US), J. Dorantes 1117 (6/27-1972 - frts.) (MEXU) (falda de Cerro Azul); Oaxaca: Boone Halberg 1202 (MEXU), 7541 (distr. Tlacolula), 7452 (6/19- 1977 - frts.) (distr. Tehuantepec, +10 m), 7493 (6/20-1977 - frts.) (distr. Yautepec, +700 m), 7586 (distr. Pochutla, +50 m), 7642 (6/26-1977 - frts.) (distr. Juquilla, +650 m). a Erythrina standleyana Krukoff in Brittonia 3:301. 1939. Mexico: Quintana Roo: Isla Cozumel, L. A. Pérez 1651 (5/25-1977 - flrs. & frts.) (MEXU). 24. Erythrina flabelliformis Kearney in Trans. N Y. Acad. 14:32, 1894. Mexico: Sonora: R. Herndndez M. 2382 (6/10-1976 - flrs. & imm. frts.) (MEXU) (on borderline of Sonora and Chihuahua, + 1400 m), Al. Gentry 22932 (US); Chihuahua: +6000 ft, Robert A. Bye Jr. 4070 (MEXU). 1979 Krukoff, Notes on Erythrina 259 25% Erythrina coralloides Alph. DeCandolle, Prodr. 2:413. 1825, Mexico: Miguel Ulloa Sosa s.n. (3/12-1965 - flrs.) (MEXU); Nuevo Leon: E. Matuda 38616 (3/17-1974 - flrs.) (MEXU); Hidalgo: A. Delgado S. s.n. (6/3-1976 - frts. & flrs.) (MEXU) (+1800 m); Mexico: Mario Sousa 4046 (MEXU); Veracruz: Papantla, +298 m, Rafael Hernandez M. 534 (3/11-1969 - flrs.) (MEXU). 28a. Erythrina lanata Rose subsp. lanata. Erythrina lanata Rose, U. S. Dept. Agr. N. Am. Fauna 14:81. 1899. Mexico: Guerrero: M. T. Germdn 378 (5/21-1977 - flrs. & frts.) (MEXU) (Playa Azul - Morelia), 383 (MEXU) (Playa Azul - Arteaga), 543 (7/20-1977 - frts.) (MEXU) (Chilpancingo - Aca- pulco), A. Delgado 199 (5/30-1976 - frts.) (MEXU) (camino a las Grutas de Justlahuaca, +1200 m). 28b. Erythrina lanata Rose subsp. occidentalis (Standley) Krukoff & Barneby in Phytologia 27:117. 1973. Mexico: Sinaloa: +500 ft, G. Breckon 546 (MEXU). 29. Erythrina goldmanii Standley in Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 202187, 999. Mexico: Oaxaca: Mario Sousa 5521 (4/18-1976 - flrs.) (MEXU) (Pinotepa Nacional, +110 m); 5206 (MEXU) (+190 m). 30. Erythrina caribaea Krukoff & Barneby in Phytologia Zas9s, LBs2., Mexico: Veracruz: Brigada Vazquez 365 (4/4-1974 - frts.) (MEXU) (+150 m); Mario Sousa 4287 (11/11-1973 - frts.) (MEXU) (los Tuxtelas); Oaxaca: Thomas MacDougall s.n. (12/31- 1953 - flrs.) (MEXU) (Pluma Hidalgo, +100 m); Mario Sousa 8891 (11/23-1977 - flrs.) (distr. Totitlan, +1100 m). St Erythrina folkersii Krukoff & Moldenke in Phytologia 1:286. 1938. Belize: El Cayo: Mario Sousa 4191; Toledo: John D. Dwyer 12943 (US). 3 « Erythrina smithiana Krukoff in Brittonia 3:323. 1939. Ecuador: Los Rios: L. Holm-Nielsen 2694 (S) (100-200 m), C. H. Dodson 5921 (MO) (Rio Palenque). 260 PHY TOLOG EA Vol. 1, Nos B 36. Erythrina chiapasana Krukoff in Brittonia 3:304. 1939. Mexico: Oaxaca: distr. Teposcolula, Tutla +2000 m, Mario Sousa 7226 (4/13-1977 - flrs.) (MEXU). Guatemala: Huehuetenango: 5 kms SE of Huehuetenango, +1800 m, Oswaldo Téllez 624. 42. Erythrina macrophylla Alph. DeCandolle, Prodr. 2:411. 1825. Guatemala: Chimaltenango: Tecpan, +2000 m, Oswaldo Téllez 557 (4/4-1978 - young frts.). 46. Erythrina florenciae Krukoff & Barneby in Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. Z0(2Z):171. (1970. Mexico: Oaxaca: E. Matuda 38601 (12/15-1973 - flrs.) (MEXU) (Huatla de Jimenez, +2000 m). 49, Erythrina lanceolata Standley in Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17:432. 1914. Costa Rica: Cordillera de Tilaran, V. J. Dryer s.n. (11/16- 1976) (F), Cartago, Roy W. Lent 3921 (F). 50. Erythrina costaricensis M. Micheli, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2:445. 1894. Costa Rica: Puntarenas: Corcovado National Park, Ronald Liesner 3161 (MO). Panama: Cocle: cloud forest, J. P. Folsom 1207 (MO). Colombia: Chocéd: Rio Tolo, E. Forero 973 (MO). Antioquia: Munic. Anorf, 400-900 m, D. D. Soejarto 3577 (MO). 52. Erythrina americana Miller, Gard. Dict. ed. 8, No. 5. 1768. Veracruz: Mario Sousa 4838 (9/20-1975 - frts. (MEXU) (mun. Zapata, +900 m); Morelos: Barbara Torres 349 (3/13-1976 - flrs.) (MEXU) (Coatlan del Rio), Mario Sousa 4053 (6/3-1973) (MEXU) (Cuernavaca, +1800 m), G. Harking s.n. (MEXU); Oaxaca: distr. Hua juapapan de Leon, +1665 m, Mario Sousa 5136 (2/6-1976 - flrs. & trts.) CMex0). 53. Erythrina berteroana Urban, Symb. Ant. 5:370. 1908. Mexico: Chiapas: Gary Shapiro 483 (5/30-1976 - frts.) (MEXU) (mun. Tapachula), Oswaldo Tellez 537 (4/2-1978 - flrs.). El Salvador: Ahuachapdn: +700 m, T. Croat 42168 (MO); Sonsonate: +850, T. Croat 42242 (MO). Guatemala: Retalhuleu: San Sebastian, 333-500 m, Sheila Cosminsky 117 (F); Escuintla; El Rodeo - Osuna, +650 m, Oswaldo Tellez 585 (4/7-1978 - frts.). Honduras: Copan: Antonio Molina R. 30630 (MO), 30613 (MO), (Sta Rita - Sta Isabel, +600 m). Costa Rica: San Jose: John Taylor 17311 (US). Colombia: 1979 Krukoff, Notes on thrina 261 Chocé: mun. Riosucio, H. Leon 578 (MO); Magdalena: foothills of Sierra Santa Marta, William Anderson 428. 54. Erythrina rubrinervia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6:434. 1824. Colombia: Cundinamarca: +2050 m, A. C. Barclay 3763 (US). 55. Erythrina mexicana Krukoff in Brittonia 3:309. 1939, Oaxaca: N of Pochutla, Cerro Espino, alt. 1040-1100 n, Mario Sousa 5585, 7136, 7138; Chiapas: Gary Shapiro 459 (5/4- 1976 - frts. & flrs.) (MEXU), I. Croat 40162 (MO), Palenque - Bonampak, +40 m). 58. Erythrina gibbosa Cufodontis in Arch. Bot. Sist. Fitog. & Genet. 10:34. 1934. Costa Rica: Alajuela: T. Croat 43544 (MO) (finca Los Ensayos, Boa Vista); Cartago: D. B. “D. B. Lellinger 1514; Limon: G. B. Rossbach 3844 (A). 70. Erythrina oliviae Krukoff in Phytologia 19(3):128. 1969. Mexico: Puebla: El Papayo, Mario Sousa et al 7197 (BM) (fies. =Aprsi2, 1977; leafless). 71. Erythrina caffra Thunberg, Prodr. Pl. Cap. 121. 1800. Hong-Kong: (cult.), Kit Yock Chan 139 (US). A colored illustration of this species by E. Hennessy appeared in Killick, Fl. Pl. Afr. 43:pl. 1709. 1976. 126 Erythrina lysistemon Hutchinson in Kew Bull. 1933:422. 1933. For illustration of this species see P. van Wyk, Trees of the Kruger Nat. Park 1:225=-227. 1972. 73. Erythrina humeana Sprengel, Syst. 3:243. 1826. Mogambique: G. Barbosa 182. South Africa: Natal: J. Stephen 703 (MO). 77. ‘Erythrina brucei Schweinfurth, Verhand. Zoo.-Bot. Gesell. Wien 18:653. 1868. et auct. plur., pro majore parte, leguminibus seminibusque exceptis; emend. Gillett in Kew Bull, 15:428.., 1962. Ethiopia: A. Donaldson Smith s.n. (12/11-94). 262 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. 86. Erythrina livingstoniana Baker in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Africa 224624 Lert A colored illustration of this species by E. Hennessy appeared in Killick, Fl. Pl. Afr. 44:pl. 1737. 1977. 93. Erythrina sigmoidea Hua in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. arses Lert ss Guiné: coll. undesign. 2693 (MO) (Bafata), 3031 (MO) (Gabu, Piradu). 94. Erythrina latissima E. Meyer, Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. ci ke 9 ia 8 A colored illustration of this species by E. Hennessy appeared in Killick, Fl. Pl. Afr. 435: pl.,U710.°. 1976, Qiee ig van Wyk, Trees of the Kruger Nat. Park. 1:223-224. 1972. 95. Erythrina abyssinica Lamarck, Encycl. Bot. 2:392. 1788; ex. Alph. DeCandolle, Prodr. 2:413. 1825; Gillet in Kew Bull. 152426, 1962. Oubangui-Chari, Herb. G. Le Testu 3713 (BM). Ruanda: Bugesera, (savana), G. Troupin 8426 (MO). Burandi: M. Reekmans 1976 (MO) (Bujumbura), 2599 (MO) (Muramwya, +2200 m), 2618 (MO) (Bujumbura, +1400 m), 6581 (MO) (Buruai, +1900 m). Kenya: Nairobi District: R. B. Faden 74/1287 (MO). Tanzania: C. F. M. Swynnerton 3 (BM), 43 (BM), 93 (BM), 94 (BM). A colored illustration of this species appeared in Killick, Pl. Pl; Afr. 44: pls. 173%... 1977, 96. Erythrina variegata L. Herb. Amboin. 10. 1754; Amoen. Acad. 4:122, 1759, based on Gelala alba Rumphius, Herb. Amboin, Eeeots Salta . £730 West Indies: Antigua: Harold E. Box 1397 (BM) (cult.). Philippine Islands: Luzon: A. D. E. Elmer 15656 (BM). Java: H. Zollinger 1440 (Second Expedition to Java) (BM). Thailand: Bangkok, A. Marcan 1150 (BM). India: Bihar: H. Kanai s.n. (Apr. 16, 1960) (BM). 99. Erythrina vespertilio Bentham in Mitch. Jour. Trop. Austr. 218. 1848. Australia: Queensland: Robert Brown s.n. (Aug.-Dec. 1802) (BM) ("biloba" form grading into typical form). 1979 Krukoff, Notes on Erythrina 263 102. Erythrina velutina Willdenow, Ges. Nat. Freunde Berlin Neue Schr. 3:426. 1801. Grenada: R.A. Howard 10940 (BM). Brazil: Bahia: R. S. Pinheiro 1995 (7/10-1972) (caatinga), 1916 (mun. Ibicui); Brasilia: E,. P. Heringer 14750 (US) (cult., native of caatinga of Pernambuco). Ecuador: Buayas: Alicia A. de Delgado 91 (MO). Literature cited (In order to conserve space, we are citing here only the papers which are not cited in Supplements III-X). : Krukoff, B. A. Notes on the species of Erythrina. X. Lloydia 40:407-412. 1977. (part of Erythrina Symposium a1). Zs #s Notes on the species of Erythrina. XI. Phytologia 39:294-306. 1978. ae ig e Notes on the species of Erythrina. XII. (to be published as a part of Erythrina Symposium III). List of Exsiccatae The first figure in Exsiccatae after the collector's name is the collector's number of the specimen, and the figure in parenthesis is the number of species as they are arranged in Conspectus of the species of the genus Erythrina (LLOYDIA 37(3), September 1974) and in Supplements VII-XIII (inclusive). 26h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 41, No. 1) American Species The list of Exsiccatae for American species is fairly complete since practically all collections seen by me in various Her- baria are cited, with the exception of the following common species: E. fusca, E. crista-galli, E. falcata, E. poeppigiana, and E. herbacea L. ssp. herbacea. These are commonly collected and easily identified. I have seen many other collections of these common species but have not prepared cards for them and have not cited them in any of my papers. 2) Asiatic, Polynesian and Australian Species These species were not covered in my original Monograph pub- lished in Brittonia in 1939 which treated only American species. I have, however, examined and annotated many specimens of these species without preparing cards and without citing them in any of my papers. These include E. suberosa, E. microcarpa, E. stricta, E. resupinata, E. arborescens, E. subumbrans, E. varie- gata, E. tahitensis, and E. euodiphylla. Cards for E. vesper- tilio, however, were prepared in connection with Erythrina Sym- posium II and they are cited in Supplement X. 3) African Species These species also were not covered in the original Monograph of the American species, and the first paper to include African species was published in Erythrina Symposium I in LLOYDIA in September, 1974. Cards for many collections of African species are in the card index. However, they are not cited in my papers, this especially as African species are usually well named. Only numbered collections and those of which the dates of collection are recorded have been listed. If a collector gathered his collection together with others, only his name is cited in this list. Collections with Dr. Prance's numbers are cited under Prance. Abbot, 24 (52), 2676 (53). Abransamadu, F. H., 6585 (79). Acocks, 11843 (75), 13163 (94). Acosta-Solis, 5219 (15), 5592 (15), 5847 (17), 6025 (33), 6368 (18), 6498 (18), 6732 (15), 6833 (15), 6847 (17), 10669 (102), 10833 (33), 10910 (15), 12762 (15), 12949 (15), 13394 (18), 13544 (15), 13957 (15), 16402 (15). Acuna, Julian B., 10839 (69), 10840 (69), 10840a (23), s.n. (3/12-1939) (23). 1979 Krukoff, Notes on Erythrina 265 Adams, C. D., 8550 (64a), 10973 (64a), 12287 (64a), 12305 (1), 13263 (64a). Adamson, 14 (104). Agleu, Mrs., 11 (95). Agostini, Getulio, 1010 (62). ‘Alexander, E. J., 135 (22b). Alfaro, Anastasio, 5 (34), 6 (34), 7 (34), 8 (58). Allard, 13473 (53). Allen, E. F., 341 (95). Allen, Paul H., 110 (58), 765 (58), 923 (53), 995 (58), 1526 (41), 1631 (53), 2714 (58), 3474 (41), 3622 (58), 3663 (53), Rasd. (41), 5792, (50), 6833 (53), 7193::(#2):. Adinglt, Bs Ba, 32, (95) Aloisi, 4613 (102), 5064 (102), 5790 (16). Alush, Shilom Tom, 1854 (36). Alvis, R. J<, 73 (96). Anchieta, 39 (95). Anderson, B., 725 (95). Anderson, D., 66-2 (97). Anderson, E. F., 2467 (33), 2516 (33). Anderson, W. R., 428 (53), 3825 (14), 4933 (14), 5699 (28a), 6069 (28b). Anderson, N. J., sen. (10/1852 (99), s.n. (1852) (97) Andre, 1763 (15), 1771 (54). Andrews, F. W., A1830 (95). Andrieux, 429 (20), 464 (14b). Andrle, R. F., 3 (53) Angus, A., 37 (95), 620 (84), 652 (95), 652A (95), 757 (95), 800 (95), 940 (95). Araque, J., s.n. (1/21-1949 (15). Arbelaez, Perez, 568 (15), 2260 (15), 5877 (15), 8109 (54). Archbold, M. E., 23 (95). Archer, W. A., 3310 (54), 3311 (54). Arguelles, 204 (24). Ariste, Joseph, 1042 (54). Aristeguieta, Leandro, 1247 (62), 1491 (62), 1997 (102), 2057 (53), 3337 (54), 3804 (62), 4976 (63), 5265 (63), 6040 (102), 6074 (102), 7974 (63). Armstrong, F., 18 (42), 19 (42), 32 (42), 47 (42), 48 (42), AS. 2), 52° (42), 3323). Arnaldo, Bro. M., 1613 (102), 2084 (64a). Arnason, T., 17161 (23). Arsene, Bro., 22 (14), 128a (25), 2868 (14), 6818 (20), 7220 (20), 7367 (20), 10039 (20), 10483 (26), s.n. (8/30-1906) (25).5 8.» (8/1907), (25). Ash, 2780 (108a). Asplund, Erik, 5533 (18), 8020 (15), 8964 (61), 9258 (5), 12624 (5), 15506 (33), 16705 (15), 18033 (15), 19524 (61). Astle, W.- L., 989 (95). Atwood, John T., 3466 (53), 3834 (53), 5402 (53). 266 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. Aubréville, A., 617 (78), 1903 (78). Auquier, P., 2652 (95). Aviles, 3 (50). Aweke, 783 (95). Ayala, F., 0408 (1). Apres, Di, ges, a. (22/1977): ‘3? Bagshawe, A. G., 137 (80), 531 (95), 879 (80). Baines, G., 1870 (72). Baker, 223 (53), G3L (53), 2119 ‘(55). Baldwin, Jr., 11600 (79), 12001 (79), 12521 (79). Balfour, Bayley, 653 (108b). Balgooy, M. M. J., 1344 (99), 1534 (Hybrid #7). Balls, 4826 (20). Bally, P. R. 0., 244-62 (95), 297-61 (95), 3036 (105), 4206 (108a), 4345 (108a), 5490 (104), 6330 (108a), 6380 (104), 7033 (95), 7441 (104), 8264 (95), 8671 (108a), 8772 (95), 11203 (108b), 12532 (104), 16373 (108a). Bames, G. T., 140 (95). Bangham, W. N., 216 (35). Banting, Geo. S., 369 (1). Barber, F. W., 786 (74). Barbosa, Randvaux, 9184 (95). Barbosa, G., 182 (73). Barcena, 459 (14), 617 (14). Barclay, Arthur S., 3585 (54), 3692 (15), 3763 (54). Barclay, H. G., 4976 (5), 5200 (15). Barkley, Fred A., 2703 (14), 38823 (54), 17M099 (22b), s.n. (4/4-1947) (22b), s.n. (4/13-1947) (22b). Barnard, 534 (72). Barneby, R., 17779 (14). Baron, Rev. R., 6829 (106), 6941 (106). Bartlett, H. H., 11513 (3l1l-type). Batten=-Poole, 192 (79). Baum, H., 223 (84-type), 3230 (84). Baur, Rev. R., 72 (102), 244 (72). Bayliss, R. D. A., 5552 (73), 7046 (72). Beaman, 3360 (20), 5161 (55). Beard, Pamela, 1077 (64b). Beauglehole, A. C., s.n. (10/7-1965) (99), s.n. (13/7-1965) (99). Beccari, 0., 213 (95), 888 (13). Belém, R. P., 1092 (16), 1311 (1), 1373 (1), 1375: (1),. Bw L572" (16). 1622 (16) . Belshaw, Ch. M., 3254 (7). Bengry, s.n. (4/12-1946) (102). Benoist, M. R., 2648 (15), 3055 (33). Bequaert, 31 (53), 2729 (95). Berlin, Brent,:232°(5), 270 (7). Bernardi, A. L., 1280 (54), 5800 (7), 5852 (62), 5934 (62), 6299 (7), 6859 (54), 8046 (62), s.n. (11/22-1956) (62), s.n. (11/27-1956) (62). 1979 Krukoff, Notes on Erythrina 267 Bertero, C. G., 2126 (53-cotype), 2772 (53-cotype). Bertol, 1959 (73). Beusekom, C. F., von, 421 (10). Beuther, Arno, 31 (53). Bhattacharya, 14804 (8). Bingham, 733 (15). Black, G. A., 54-16575 (59). Blackwell, 2750 (58). Blake, S. T., 15132 (99), 23394 (99). Blanchet, J. S., 3089 (16), 3089A (16). Blanco, Carlos, 228 (62), 762 (63). Blenkion, 19057 (94). Blum, /542 (53); 593-(53),<2001 (€50)542056,¢€53), 02212; €1), Aes (53) « Blum, K. E., 2530A (15). Blumer, 1300 (24), 2008 (24). Boaler, S. B., B8 (108b), 375 (95), 641 (95), 692 (95), 1032 (95). Boeke, Jef. D., 378 (15), 2084 (15), 2186 (18). Boege, Wolfgang, 1984 (14). Boelcke, 0., 14406 (2). Bogdan, A., 121 (95), 1404 (104), 2085 (104), 2952 (95). Boghdan, Kalil S., 39356 (55). Boke, 43 (25). Borja, L. G., B-366 (24). Hope, O. M., 125 (20). Bourgeau, 485 (52), 2305 (52). Box, Harold E., 1397 (96), 1410 (102), 1468 (64b). Brace, 3584 (102). Bracelin, N. Floy, 1406 (2). Brade, A. C., 16406 (3). Brandegee, 157 (24), s.n. (3/17-1892) (24), s.n. (3/29-1892) (24), s.n. (5/18-1892) (24), s.n. (4/29-1897) (24), s.n. (10/30-1904) (28b). Brass, 17114 (95). Bravo, H. Helia, 14 (30), 3397 (28a). Breckon, G., 546 (28b). Breedlove, D. E., 6098 (36), 7338 (36), 8447 (29), 8850 (36), 8986 (46), 9612 (36), 10088 (36), 11407 (53), 11670 (42), 13198 (36), 13511 (29), 13788 (36), 14147 (36), 18667 (14), 18737,.(14), 201001 (36), 20397, -(29),, 20593: (29), 22253, (55), 23492 (29), 23561 (29), 23748 (29), 23838 (29), 26367 (52), 26917 (29), 30362 (29), 31035 (46), 31727-A (46), 33101 (55), 33398 (36), 33907 (30), 34268 (31), 35846 (14), 36747 (29), 36829 (29), 37639 (29), 38003 (55), 38655 (29), 38698 (30), 38790 (46). Brenes, A. M., 823 (53), 826 (49), 828 (58-type), 4034 (58), 4113 (58), 4388 (58), 4544 (58), 4866 (58), 5755 (58), 5892 (49), 9364 (58), 9767 (58), 11576 (49), 12621 (53), 13200 (49), 13201 (49), 13202 (58), 13461 (49), 15006 (49) 268 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. 15042 (53), 15507 (53), 15636 (45), 17002 (53), 17262 (53), 18938 (49), 20625 (58), 21812 (49), 21824 (49), 21842 (49), 21989 (49), 22801 (53). Breteler, F. J., 347 (93), 484 (93), 1096 (80), 3145 (54), 3243 (1), 4517 (7), 4586 (54). Bricchetti, R., 291 (108a). Brink, Beg. 212 Gil); 3326 C71). Bristol. M.i.,¢ 590 (15), 1212 (54). Britton, 106 (64c), 230 (63), 231 (64c-type), 319 (53), 1341 (64c), 1783 (65), 1950 (65), 2351 (53), 2377 (64a), 2400 (53), 2656 (G3-type), STS5° (102),° 5329" (53), 5616+ Ciasae 5877 (69), 5962 (65), 6724 (53), 7513 (53), 9501°¢65)4 9707 (53), 9885 (69), 9885a (23), 13949 (53), 14522 (23), 151235 (697. Broadway, 436 (64b), 3800 (102), 3994 (102), 5614 (63). Brook, A..0O., ML1I3 (72); Brookington, N. R., 49 (95). Brown, E., 380 (94), 430 (81). Brown, Lester, 25 (79). Brown, Marjorie, 16 (50). Brown, Robert, s.n. (Aug.-Dec./1862) (99). Brown, Roy C., 921 (79), 1188 (102), 1190 (22a). Beure, ©1753 (a2). bral jn.’ J.,' de, 1262 (54). Buch, W., 957 (66-type), 1968 (66). Buchanan, 353 (95). Buchtien, Otto, 801 (54), 5425 (54). Buchwald, 78 (95). Bullock, A. N.,: 3319 (95). Bunting, George S., 710 (53), 893 (1), 1015: (53); Burbridge, N. T., 4506 (99). Burchell, W. J., 818-2 (6), 9500 (59). Burgeau, 1188 (25). Burger, W. C., 930 (105), 1421 (105), 1432 (77), 1435 (105), 1520° (77), 1552 (205), 1563 (105), 1785 (95)),-185ia (ee 2514 (105), 2567 (95), 2568° (95), 2599: (105) ,. 2675 Ga 3992 (45), 4314 (58), 4568 (58), 5396 (44), 7209 (58), 10020 (49), 10032 (45). Burkart, A., 16176 (102), 16180 (102), 16650 (62), 30489 (4). Burke, 69 (74), 236 (74). Burtt, B. D., 704 (104-type), 786 (95), 995 (95), 1802 (104), 1944 (104), 3308 (95), 4753 (104), 4812 (104), 4895 (104), 5135 (95), 5496 (95), 5497 (95), 6083 (95), 6168 (95), 6584 (80). Burtt-Davy, 17947 (95), 17957 (80). Busch, £:.° 7957. {eo).. Busey, P., 487 (53). Bush, W. M., 370 (96), Busse, W., 288 (104). Butcher, Henry P., s.n. (3/10-1968) (41). 1979 Krukoff, Notes on Erythrina 269 Bye, Jr., Robert A., 4070 (24). Byrnes, N., 1041 (99). Cabrera, 15970 (4). Caicedo, Luis Marulanda, 39 (15). Calderon, 403 (53), 404 (53). Callens, 4246 (84). Cameron, E., 2028 (99), 2266 (96), 2432 (99), 20519 (99). Camp, W., E-537 (15), E-2198 (15), 2539 (52), E-3623 (33), E-3643 (15), E-3746 (18), E-4403 (15). Campos, Andrada E., 1810 (72). Capucho, 349 (5). Caranta, J.P.P., 870 (16). Cardenas, M., 2152 (5 ), 4055 (54), 4575 (54), 9968 (6). Carisso, 37 (95), 574 (84). Carlson, 93 (53), 420 (42). Carmichael, 792 (95), 885 (95). Carlson, 2737 (55). Carter, 3111 (24), 3437 (24). Casalet, 5030 (15). Castallo 5., Manuel, 14.(3}), 23 (5), 39 (5), 51-5). Cavalcante, P., 3287 (5). Chan, Kit Yock, 139 (71), 164 (2). Chanek, 74 (31), 102 (31). Chapin, J. P., 248 (95), 288 (95), 528 (95), 1127 (102). Chapman, J. D=, 795 (95), 1372 (95). Chase, N. C., 1806 (95), 2365 (86), 2707 (72), 2708 (72), 5600. (72), 7753 (95). Chavelas, J., ES=-2426 (30), ES-2842 (30). Chaves, 371 (53). Chavez, Alfaro, René, 3411 (15). Chevalier, Aug., 34 (79), 8238 (93), 8743 (93), 20584 (81), B22430 (79). Chiang, F., 95 (22b), 412 (22b). Chiags IC. \¥., A772, €12). Chickering, 133 (35). Chiggs Ts “Fs, 22' 695), 66 (79). Chippendale, G., s.n. (6/2-1955) (99), s.n. (7/5-1955) (99), s.n. (8/2-1955) (99), s.n. (17/5-1956) (99), s.n. (12/7- 1956) (99), sen. (2/5-1958) (99), s.n. (18/7-1960) (99). Clark, Phil, s.n. (11/1-1969) (3). Clarke, Oscar F., 415 (36). Claussen, M., 936 (3), s.n. (8/8-1955) (52). Clayphan, J. W., 61 (95). Clemens, 12 (63). Clement, 6342 (69). Clements, 141 (95). Codd, L. E., 4418 (94), 4636 (73), 5127 (72), 6042 (94), 6149 (72), 6329 (73), 6413 (73), 7807 (72), 7982 (72), 7983 (72), 7987 (72), 7988 (72), 7991 (72), 7993 (72), 7994 (72), 270 P HY. 20048 0.0.5" Vol. 1, No. 7998 (72), 7999 (72), 8000 (71), 8002 (72), 8003 (72), 8005 (72), 8006 (72), 8008 (72), 9297 (73), 9406 (74), 9744 (94), 10080 (74). Cole, M. M.,.38 (95). Combs, 721 (53). Commission Dioscoreas, 1825 (31), 1842 (31), 2525 (31), 2823 (31). 6622 (31), 6535 (31). Compton, R. H. 26643 (73), 26977 (72). Conrad, Jim, 2191 (2). Conrath, Paul, 245 (74). Converse, Olivia, 133 (14), 134 (70-type), 135 (20), s.n. (8/19-1962) (70). Conzatti, 35 (21), 200 (21), 1422 (21), 1507 (21), 1676 (52), 1790 (21), 2120 (52), 3281 (21), 4231 (14b), 4333 (28a), 4557 (28a), 4627 (21), 5383 (52), 5472 (52). Cook, 284 (49), 407 (39), 1178 (15), 1751 (15). Cooley, 8450 (64b). Cooper, J. J... 179 (50), 473 (50), 10223 (58)< Cooper, T., 972 (74), 992 (74), 1106 (94), 2244 (74). Corby, 884 (94). Cordoba, 367 (50). Correa, A., Mireya, 31 (53), 484 (50), 513 (53), 1346 (41). Correia, M. F., 2908 (72). Correll, D. S., 23431 (22a), 31007 (22a). Cosminsky, Sheila, 117 (53). Costa, 4429 (16). Cottam, 10564 (22b). Coulter, 612 (20). Coveny, R., 7658 (72), 7753 (72). Covich, A.P., 6713 (23). Cox, 1623 (25). Craster, 0., 23 (95). Crewe, 45 (73). Crisman, G. E., 209 (28a). Croat, Thomas B., 6286 (50), 6476 (50), 6490 (50), 6560 (50), 6625 (50), 8667 (50), 10497 (41), 10629 (15), 12519A (50), 15639 (41), 17483 (1), 21804 (7), 22010 (50), 23854 (23), 26126 (50), 26377 (41), 27335 (58), 27763 (54), 32927 (50), 33835 (53), 34673 (53), 35377 (50), 38658 (15), 38702 (15), 40162 (55), 42168 (53), 42242 (53), 43544 (58). Croizat, L.C.M., 474 (62), 938 (62). Crow, E., 32 (2). Crudy, 17 (64c). Cruse, 390 (95). Cuatrecasas, J., 248 (54), 6463 (54), 7816 (59), 7941 (54), 9872 (54), 10647 (59), 11212 (59), 11450 (15), 12878 (15), 13557 (15), 13558 (54), 13597 (54), 15285 (50), 15429 (15), 19504 (15), 25475 (102), 26964 (54), 27260 (1), 27475 (53), 2198S TLS Cufodontis, 316 (53). 1979 Krukoff, Notes on Erythrina Curbelo, 5891 (53). Curran, 228 (102), 255 (62), 236 (102), 315 (16), 407 (102), 566 (102), 599 (102). Curtis, Anita G., 149 (95). Curtiss, 284 (53). Crutchfield, John, 5228 (22b), 5342 (22b). Curbelo, 128 (103). Cutler, 8239 (102). Dale, I. R., 734 (72), 748 (108a), K775 (95), 2042 (91), 4122 (80). Dalziel, J.M., 25 (79), 610 (79), 1210 (78), 8181 (80). Dandy, 520 (95). Daniel, Bro., 933 (15), 1003 (15). D'Arcy, W. C., 5006 (96), 5007 (96), 9265 (50), Darko, K. 0., 634 (79). Daubenmire, R., 76 (53), 798 (1). Davidse, Gerrit, 1452 (1), 1476 (7), 4114 (62), 7105 (95), 10023 (19). Davidson, 735 (53). Davidson, Christopher, 5109 (3). Davies, R. M., D242 (95). d'Avigdon, 14 (95). Davis, E. W., 424 (59), 561 (56a). Dawe, W. J., 197 (80), 1007 (95). Dawkins, 245 (95). Day, BE. H., 381 (53). Deam, 49 (31). de Delgado, Alicia A., 79 (1), 91 (102), 113 (7). 271 Deighton, 2653 (79), 2835 (79), 3602 (79), 3884 (81), 4143 (88), 9246 (79). Dekindt, 111 (95). Delgado S., A., 199 (28a), 259 (20), s.n. (6/3-76) (25). Detwiler, 52 (24). Deville, A., 50 (95), 519 (95). Devred, 233 (95), 1362 (95), 2118 (84). d'Heguert, Saer, 839 (102), 840 (102). Diaz Luna, C. L., 43 (24). Diaz Moreno, J. M., 160 (14), 233 (14). Dieckman, L., 181 (96), 196 (1). Diels, L., 1230 (102). Dietriu, Amalie, 680 (99). Dinter, 7957 (85). Dios, Carlos, s.n. (5/16-1957) (20). Dobrenez, J. F., 1805 (8). Dodge, 6445 (53), 9102 (53), 16639 (53). Dodson, C. H., 651 (15), 719 (33), 1009 (102), 1258 (1), 1396 (15), 1811 (15), 1944 (18), 1960 (15), 5921 (33), 6241 (15), 6737 (15). Dohse, Dyere, 5417 (72). 272 P BET 0-2 OG chk Vol. 1, No. Donis, C., 1415 (89), 2741 (95). Dorantes, J., 1117 (22b). D'Orbigny, 497 (3), 781 (7). Dress, W. J., 949 (22a), 950 (22a). Dressler, Robert L., 14 (22b), 982 (28b), 1158 (20), 1878 (22b). Drouet, 2627 (102), 3670 (24). Drummond, 4403 (95), 6225 (84), 7786 (86). Dryandér, 122 (15), 1319 (15), 2114 (15). Dryer, V. J., s.n. (11/16-76) (49). Duarte; Az )Ps, 06403 (3), 7210 (1) 510594: (102), Ducke, A., 1655 (59), 1960 (59), 10523 (5), 17253 (5), s.n. Gept./ 25-1903) (59), sen. (7/4-1907) (102), s.n. (Aug./5-1912) (59). Dudley, T. R., 11875 (15). Dugand, G., 593 (53), 825 (53), 946 (53), 1159 (53), 2481 (323), 4064 (53), 6629 (102). Duges, 2 (14), 18 (20). Duke, J. A., M3582 (52), M3671 (22b), 4392 (50), 5694 (53), 9398 (50), 9825 (1), 10366 (53), 10977 (1), 11737.(53), 14503 (50), 14857 (50). Dummer, R., 2699 (80), 2699A (80). Dumont, Michéle, 120 (54). Dune, T., s.n. (7/3-1969) (99). Dunlap, 443 (50). Dunn, D. B., 17330 (52), 18919 (14). Duque, 492 (15), 992 (54). Duque-Jaramillo, J. M., 3217 (54), 3258 (54), 3369 (15). Dusens, 6639 (16), 10212 (16), 15521 (16). Duss, 1082 (64b), 1083 (102), 3026 (64b). Dutton, L5-S.2°F7EL3). Duvigneau, 1028 (84). Dwyer, John D., 2 (2), 88 (31), 160 (31), 474 (53), 588 (1), 589 (1), 1237 (53), 1839A (58), 2103 (53), 2440A?(41)j 3097 50S3i5 3105 (1); 3150°(53), .4690 (53) ,: 5017 »¢53) 5 5093 (1) 2 Geee (15), 7212 (53), 7402 (53), 7541 (53), 7758A (53), 8019 (58), 6122 (54), 9588 (15), 9826 (31), 10741 (1); 11052. (Can; 11148 (31), 12121 (31); 12507 (31),:12714 (31); 12943 Gy Dyer, Rs -A., 2263 (73), 57498*072). Dyson-Hudson, 148 (95), 149 (95), 709 (105). Ebinger, John E., 854 (53). Echeverria, J. A., 331 (53), 365 (49). Ecklon, 1691 (71), 1692 (75). Eckman, H., 10198 (64a). Edwards, 606 (22b). Edwards, 671 (49). Eggeling, W. J., 131 (95), 166 (80), 362 (80), 699 (80), 919 (95), 1286 (95), 1533 (80), 1645 (95), 2330 (95), 2811 (95), 2963 (95), 3023 (95), 3490 (95), 3863 (95), 4068 (81), 6299 (95), 6666 (80), 6727 (91). 1979 Krukoff, Notes on Erythrina 273 Eggers, H. F. A., von, 386b (64c), 1345 (64c), 5543 (63), 6997 (64b), 14432 (18), s.n. (5/21-1876) (65), s.n. (1/7- 1877) (65). Egler, 39-267 (64b). Ekman, H., 519 (53), 1232 (66), 1364 (67-type), 3208 (66), 3225 (67), 3248 (7), 4866 (103), 5704 (67), 5779 (69), 6124 (67), 6172 (69), 6762 (69), 7416 (53), 7533 (103), 8018 (67), 8024 (66), 8071 (67), 8221 (102), 8244 (67), 8821 (102), 10156 (53), 10173 (67), 10197°(S3), 10520° (69), 11347 (53), 11828 (69), 12950 (69), 13083 (103), 14136 (69), 16338 (102), 17436 (69), 17712 (103-type), 17752 (103), 18609 (103), 18641 (53), 18657 (69), 18679 (103), 18720 (69), 18749 (23), 18797 (69), 18991 (22a). Elias, 506 (53), 644 (53). Ellenberg, H., 879 (3), 1403 (102). ELIE, Ge Fi, Scott, 77: (95), 1376 (91), 4516" (79), 4922 (73). 6914 (95), 7236 (95). Eltis, Pegsy, E., 323° (108b). Elmer, ASD .E., 15385 (13),' 15656" (96). Endleich, 202 (19). Enrique, 0.°C., 195° (23). Enti, A. A., 1213 (79), FE-1821 (88). Esler, 3459 (71). Espina, 53 (53). Espinosa, Jr., 364 (14). Espirito Santo, J., 396 (93), 396A (93), 1008 (79), 2693 (93), 3031 (93). Evans, 1,\8./ Pole, 603- (95), 1439. '¢95) ,~ 1784. (95),,"2976 (95). Evans, Morgan, s.n. (Nov./1960) (54). Everist, S. L., 9696 (96). Eyerdam, 229 (102). Eyles, 381 (95)5° 753° (72), 4352: (94). Faden, R. B., 74/286 (108a), 74/294 (91), 74/1287 (95). Bagertind, 243 (33), 657°(15), 2641 (18), s.n. (23/9=1952) (33)- Fanshawe, D. B., F220 (95), F344 (95), F760 (95), F1332 (95), 1350 (80), 8964 (84). Farmer, 184 (79). Farrett, 36 (95). Faulkner, R. G., 346 (95), 2246 (91). Fauoset, Capt. B. T. Godfrey, 35 (108b). Fawcett, 3180 (102). Feddema, 689 (19), 918 (19), 1049 (28b), 1913 (50). Feinsinger, Peter, s.n. (2/78) (63). Fellows, 1 (20). Fendler, 304 (62), 307 (102), 319 (63), 2597 (62). Fernandez, A., 454 (50), 1331 (54), 1457 (15). Ferris, 6252 (28b). Filho, H. Leitao, 564 (102), 565 (102). 274 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. Fisher, 144 (20), 35453 (53). Flemming, 229 (104). Folsom, J. P., 1207 (50), 2229 (15), 3661 (53), 3662 (53), 3663 (53), 3664 (53), 3936 (53). Forbes, Maxwell, 64 (95), s.n. (8-1953) (71). Forero, E., 300 (54), 417 (1), 973 (50), 1021 (7). Forest Dept. (Guiana), 5660 (59). Fosberg, F. R., 13113 (73), 20477 (15), 44917 (102), 44944 (102), 55335 (64c). Foster, 344 (79). Foster, Robin B., 1409 (50), 1437 (50), 2025 (50), 2180 (1), 3040 (5). Frame, G. W., 529 (95). Freeland, J., 172 (28a). Frédes, Ricardo de Lemos, 11608 (59), 11621 (59), 11627 (59), 11628 (59), 11827 (59), 11842 (59), 11909 (6), 12664 (16), 21684 (5). Frost, s.m.' (March 20, 1929) (50). Gaillard, 11912 (95). Gairdner, A. E., 141 (95). Galeotti, 3351 (14), 3354 (20), 3382 (14), 3427 (21). Galicia, R., 6 (20). Galindo, Ranghel, 135 (54). Galpin, E. E., 11906 (73), 12989 (74), 14734 (73). Gamwell, 76 (95). Garcia-Barriga, H., 8225 (15), 8418 (54), 11735 (50), 11970 (54), 12248 (54), 12327 (50), 12359 (50), 12413 (34), 12414 (15), 12493 (54), 12495 (15), 12498 (54), 17451 (54), 17517 (15), 18834 (1), 20067 (34), 20111 (54), 20112 (15), 20113 (7), 20115 (34), 20125 (34), 20129 (34), 20134 (50), 20136 (34), 20149A (34), 20161 (54), 20390 (54). Gardner, H. M., 1410 (95), 3214 (104). Garrett, 19 (79). Gathy, 212 (95). Gaudichaud, M., 903 (16). Gaumer, 306 (23), 23584 (23), 24245 (23). Gay, M., 1699 (15), 1995 (3). Geerling, C., 1086 (78), 1215 (78), 1631 (78). Geesteranus, R. A. Maas, 4530 (95). Gentle, P. H., 1207 (23),, 2629) (31). Gentry, Al., 2202 (24), 3050 (53), 5992 (41), 6259 (19), 6794 (58), 7570 (1), 7884 (31), 8016 (23), 8629 (53), 8657 (50), 8746 (53), 8965 (1), 9005 (1), 9222 (50), 9286 (1), 10077 (102), 10136 (33), 10717 (28b), 10895 (24), 11017 (19), 11868 (24), 12204 (102), 12407 (15), 14823 (62), 16417 (5), 16880 (50), 17129 (15), 22932 (24), s.n. (8/11-1967) (58). Georges, Jacques, 4745 (88), 5523 (88). Germain, R., 868 (95), 3972 (95), 7477 (95), 7478 (95). German, M. T., 378 (28a), 393 (28a), 409 (70), 543 (28a). 1979 Krukoff, Notes on Erythrina 275 Gerrard, W. T., 134 (74), 1708 (74). Gerstner, J., 7040 (95). Ghesquiére, J., 2520 (95), 3487 (80), 4839 (90-type), 5030 (90), 6566 (90). Ghiesbreght, M., 160 (14), 331 (14). Ghose & Co., s.n. (1978) (10). Gibbs, 73 (94). Gibson, G. D., 25 (85). Gillespie, P-71 (53). Gillett, J., 1606 (87), 2903 (72), 5094 (105-type), 5404 (77), 13179 (108a), 13931 (104), 14893 (77), 15141 (108a), 16321 (104), 20963 (77). Gilltiand,. 135) (95), 698.72), 706::¢72). Gillis, William T., 10188 (7), 10280 (1). Gilly. Csun7 (266) ,: 236: (20),.:137 25), 279 4aPP. Gilmartin, Amy Jean, 16 (15), 161 (18), 165 (102), 758 (33), 772 (102). Gimenos, Anibal, 2628 (2). Glassman, S. F., 1716 (53), 2904 (1). (in part) Glaziou, M. A., 2906 (3), 5822 (6), 6171/(102), 8636 (16), 10574 (6), 11881 (102), 12586 (6), 13714 (16), 19874.(3), 20284 (6). Glover, 1048 (108b). Goes, Col. M., de, 19 (16). Goetze, W., 27 (95). Goldblatt, 2966 (75). Goldman, 365 (28b), 834 (36-type), 870 (29-type), 1039 (29), 1854 (50). Goll, 246 (31). Gomes, 899 (95), 1717 (73), 1959 (73), 2314 (94), 4734 (95). Gomes, Vasco, s.n. (10/6-1969) (6). Gomez-Pompa, A., 72 (22b), 115 (31), 238 (31), 1837 (47). Gonzales, A., 473 (53), 600 (7). Gonzalez, Jorge, 7 (25). Gonzalez, T. R., 475 (14). Gonzalez, Quintero L., 754 (52), 1837 (32-type), 2211 (32), 2286 (25), 2321 (25), 3425 (36), s.n. (3/3-1964) (22b). Goodding, 192 (24). Goossens, A.P., 810 (74). Gossweiler, J., 9 (89), 1340 (95), 4512 (89), 5152 (95), 9916 (89). Goudot, 1 (54). Creham, BR... 278 (95), 279 €91). Graham, Wm. L., 167 (46), 1389 (55). Grandvaux Barbosa, L. A., 4515 (72). Grant, Adele Lewis, 4032 (95). Grant, Martin, 9541 (54). Greathead, 88 (95). Greenman, J. M., 67 (22b), 433 (23), 5267 (50), 5343 (53). 276 P BY. T0:4 0.6.24 Vol. 1, Now k Greenway, P. J., 1925 (95), 1974 (108a), FH2323 (95), 2543 (95), 2843 (95), 3283 (95), 3392 (95), 4237 (91), 4328 (104), 4819 (95), 4849 (91), 5732 (95), 7554 (91), 8436 (95), 8465 (104), 9181 (104), 9579 (104), 9593 (95), 9646 (91), 10418 (104), 10944 (108a), 11968 (95), 12421 (95), 14577 (76-type). Gregg, 794 (20), 853 (24). Gregory, 249 (20). Grenfell, s.n. (3/30-1906) (108a). Grey, Wilson, 863 (12). Griffiths, 151 (24), 4848 (24). Grosourdy, 13 (102). Guarré, 2661 (95). Guillemin, M., 929 (3). Guillen, Elias P., 1970-1 (36), 1970-2 (36). Gutzwiller, R., 643 (95). Haelbich, H., 1679d (85). Haerdi, 607/0 (91). Haffey, D. Rs. Gogi29) 1077). Hagen, Ch., van, 100 (102), 1115 (49), 1186 (49). Hahn, 721 (64b). Haimanot, 52 (105). Halberg, Boone, 1202 (22b). Hambler, 25 (81). Hamilton, 167 (53). Hamilton, M.C.A., sen. (9/17-1971) (Hybrid #7). Hammen, van der, 493 (54). Hanbury-Tracy, T., 287 (102). Hanekom, W. J., 2321 (72), 2454 (74). Hansen, Bruce, 1788 (22b). Harking, G., s.n. (3/13----) (52). Harley, R. M., 9279 (95), 9280 (95). Harling, 260 (33), 287 (18), 431 (33), 3921 (15), 6040 (15), 6047 (33). Harmon, 2057 (1), 2983 (53), 3223 (42). Harriman, Neil A., 10881 (22b). Harris, 7309 (64a). Harshberger, 844 (16). Hartman, 41 (24). Hartweg, 1599 (20). Harvey, 5046 (50), 5221 (53), 5225 (53). Harwood, A., 70 (95). Hassler, 11450 (60). Hatschbach, G., 6212 (16), 16798 (16), 25249 (23:3 Hatusima, S., 17497 (96). Haught, Oscar, 4160 (53), 3505 (102), 5449 (50). Havel od. Js, 17007) (101); Hayes, 97 (50). Haynes, 501 (53), 501la (53), 501b (53), 501c (53), 501d (53). Hazen, 9659 (54). 1979 Krukoff, Notes on Erythrina 277 Heatwois, H., 875 (99). Heatwole, H., 313 (96), 757 (99), 836 (96). Hedberg, Olov, 27 (95). Helmes, Sabine, 1447 (Hybrid #7). Hemmendorff, 447 (16). Hemming, C. F., 408 (108b), 1491 (108b). Hendricks, 467 (19). Hendrickx, la (95). Hendrickson, 1576 (24). Henriques, C., 238 (83). Hepper, F. N., 937 (79), 2290 (81). Herb. Adelaide, 95834019 (99), 95834020 (99), 95834021 (99), 95920080 (99), 96208111 (99), 96416012 (99), 96416013 (99), 96532031 (99), 97235273 (99), 97423405 (99), 97543123 (99), 97543124 (99), 97628135 (99), 97702409 (99), 97702428 (99), 97702429 (99). Herb. Bot. Gard. Trin., 2831 (63), 10042 (102), 10557 (63), 10896 (63), 11186 (63), 13324 (63), 13330 (63), 13332 (63). Herb. Bradeanum, 34312 (16). Herb. Brisbane, 015333 (99), 029945 (99), 037757 (99), 042068 (99), 042160 (99), 042252 (99), 042817 (95), 059764 (99), 063721 (99), 073933° (99), 093308 (99), 095139 (99), 100211 (99), 105107 (99), 119325 (99), 141222 (99), 160754 (99), 161899 (99), 198031 (99), 220062 (99), 220063 (99), 220064 (99), 220065 (99), 220066 (99), 220068 (99), 220069 (99), 220734 (99), 220735 (99), 220736 (99), 220737 (99). Herb. CEPLAC, 58326 (1). Herb, Durban Bot. Gard., 1654794 (71). Herb. Est. Centr. Agr. Cuba, 2819 (22a), 7634 (53), 7640 (22a), 7647 (53), 8470 (53), 8677 (53). Herb. Eyles, 5070 (72), 7007 (74). Herb. Forest. Div. Neth. New Guin., BW12536 (13). Herb. Forest. Lae, 35194 (101), 46673 (101). Herb. Forestry Ibadan, 24386 (79), 28852 (79), 33707 (79), 34328 (88), 34328A (88), 34448 (79), 37364 (80), 40284 (79), 40316 (79). Herb. Inst. Bot. Sao Paulo, 3384 (16), 3404 (42), 13440 (16), 29780 (6), 29846 (16), 30771 (6), 30865 (16), 35738 (4), 37001 (102), 38535 (16), 39100 (102), 39754 (102), 40836 (16), 45877 (6), 47424 (6), 48508 (16), 53066 (102), 65858 (16). Herb. Inst. Pesq. Amaz. Manaus, 1960 (102), 16692 (4). Herb. I.R.L-C.S., 21410 (95), 22306 (95), 22519 (95). Herb, Jard. Bot. Rio, 2751 (6),°4758 (59), 11959 (102), 15379 (6), 16563 (102), 17256 (16), 19117 (102), 38067 (6), 41468 (102), 45635 (6), 46980 (16), 47959 (16), 47960 (6), 50471 (16), 54390 (102), 57602 (102), 62394 (16), 71798 (6), 75730 (16), 81427 (16), 90487 (16), 93592 (102), 95980 (102), 107021 (16), 109671 (16), £11215 (16), 111899 (6), 111900 (16), 129817 ' (102), 132218 (6), 132260 (102), 278 De ea as Vol. 41, No. Herb. Las Cruces Trop. Bot. Garden, 63-132 (58). Herb. Lemmon, 2680 (24). Herb. Le Testu, G., 3713 (95). Herb. Melbourne, 72372 (99), 72373 (99), 72375 (99), 72376 (99), 72378 (99), 72380 (99), 72381 (99), 72382 (99), 72383 (99), 72384 (99), 72385 (99), 72386 (99), 72387 (99), 72388 (99), 72389 (99), 72390 (99), 72391 (99), 72392 (99), 72394 (99), 72395 (99), 72396 (99), 72397 (99), 72398 (99), 72399 (99), 72400 (99), 72401 (99), 72402 (99), 72403 (99), 72404 (99), 72405 (99), 72406 (99), 72408 (99), 72409 (99), 72410 (99), 72411 (99), 72412 (99), 72413 (99), 72414 (99), 72415 (99), 72416 (99), 72417 (99), 72418 (99), 72419 (99), 72420 (99), 72421 (99), 72422 (99), 72423 (99), 72424 (99), 72425 (99), 72427 (99), 72428 (99), 72429 (99), 72430 (99), 72431 (99), 72432 (99), 72433 (99), 72434 (99), 72435 (99), 72436 (99), 72437 (99), 72438 (99), 72439 (99), 72440 (99), 72441 (99), 72442 (99), 72443 (99), 72444 (99), 72446 (99), 72447 (99), 72448 (99), 72449 (99), 72450 (99), 72451 (99), 72452 (99), 72453 (99), 72454 (99), 72456 (99), 72457 (99), 72458 (99), 72461 (99), 72462 (99), 72463 (99), 72464 (99), 72465 (99), 72466 (99), 72467 (99), 72468 (99), 72469 (99), 72470 (99), 72471 (99), 72472 (99), 72473 (99), 72474 (99), 72477 (99), 72478 (99), 72479 (99), 77226 (75), 77227 (12), 77228 (12), 77230. (71), 77231 (99), 77232. (99); | 77233: (99), 77235. ¢Zan), 77238 (2), 77239 (2), 77240 (1), 77241 (1), 77242 (22a), 77243 (22b), 77245 (22a), 77246 (22a), 77247 (22a), 77248 (75), 77249 (75), 77250 (73), 77251 (73), 77252, G#4)}G Tigao (75), 77254 (75), 77255 (96), 77256 (96), 77257 (96), 77258 (96), 77259 (96), 77260 (2), 77261 (96), 77263 (13), 77264 (94), 77265 (94), 77266 (3), 77267 (1), 77268 (1), 77269 (96), 77270 (1), 77271 (1), 77273 (16), 77274 (10), 77277 ~* (8), 77279 (96), 77282 (96), 77283 (96), 77284 (96), 77285 (96), 77286 (1), 77287 (96), 77288 (75), 77290 (13), 77291 (13), 77292 (95), 77293 (75), 77294 (8). Herb. Mocgambique, 21065 (95). Herb. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 17699 (58), 24640 (53), 30527 (34), 30528 (34), 30529 (34), 30530 (34), 30678 (53), 34220 (49), 36595 (53), 36776 (53). Herb. Otto Kuntze, s.n. (2/3-94) (73). Herb. Pittier, 3056 (53), 6781 (50). Herb. Pretoria, 27754 (74). Herb. Richard, 615 (69). Herb. Roig, 3153 (53), 3494 (22a), 5972 (22a). Herb. Troupin, 657 (95), 3008 (81). Herb, Uganda Bot. Dept. Agr., 519 (95). Herb. Univ. Andes, 16218 (102). Herb. Univ. South Cal., 15571 (2). Herb. Venezuela Nac., 76281 (1). Herb. Vicosa, 1566 (16). 1979 Krukoff, Notes on Erythrina 279 Herbst, Derral, 540 (96), 828 (97), 841 (97), 5291 (97), 5476a (97). Heriberto, 44 (53). Heringer, E. P., 7698 (6), 8885/1079 (16), 10509 (4), 10519 (6), 10524 (16), 11692 (16), 11712 (4), 11715 (3), 12235 (102), 12937 (102), 14750 (102), 14751 (102). Herman, 2044 (95). Herman, van, 510 (53), 701 (103), 2632 (103). Hernandez M., Rafael, 395 (36), 534 (25), 1735 (25), 1856 (25), 1919 (25), 2382 (24). Herrera, 2021 (15). Herzog, 72 (6). Heyde, 3293 (53). Hicken, 1594 (53). Hill, G. F., 165 (99), 665 (99). Hinton, Geo. B., 527 (14), 1861 (14), 1924 (14), 3397 (28a), 5333 (55), 6095 (28a), 6157 (55), 7732 (28a), 10030 (28a), 11513 (14), 12084 (28a), 12314 (14), 12468 (14), 13382 (14), 13825 (28a), 14708 (55), 15402 (20), 15603 (14), 17163 (20). Hioran, Br., 6803 (103), 7270 (69). Hitchcock, C. L., 7011 (20), 20417 (15), 20418 (18), 20663 (33), 21276 (33), 21340 (15). Hodge, 6826 (15). Hoehne, F. C., 110 (60), 30969 (6). Hoffmann, 812 (49). Hoffmannsegg, 440 (53). Hohenacker, R. E., 539 (96). Holdridge, 947 (66). Holm-Nielsen, L., 241 (15), 278 (15), 2554 (33), 2694 (33), 7238 ek). Holst, C., 2310A (95). Holton, 974 (54). Hombert, J., 217 (89). Hornby, 926 (95), 2722 (86). Hottey M.,°5105 (1), 5466 (1). Howard, Richard A., 377 (68=type), 4884 (53), 10391 (1), 10442 (7), 10940 (102), 10958 (64b), 14810 (1), 15123 (64a), 23529 (28b). Howell, 63 (50). Howes, 1039 (79). Hoyle, 433 (95). Hughes, 141 (95). Humbert, M. H., 21124 (3). Humblot, L., 435 (106). Humboldt et Bonpland, 685 (62), 1787 (54-type). Hunnewell, 11063 (64a), 19942 (63). Hunter, 66 (79). Hunter, 928 (64a). Hunter, J. R., ACM22' (53), '27..(53), 444 (53), 330 (58), 582 (54). Hutchison, Ji) 1202-(5), 1968 (102); 2513 (73), 3735 (95); Sart 280 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 41, No. (15). 3877..(95),..4155 (72), 6831 CES). Hutton, 43 (79). Hyland, B., 6149 (99), 8220 (96), 8955 (99). Ibarroela; 1272) (2); Tdrobes-ds Mag 207° (7). 1946 (56); Intern. Bound. Comm., 335 (24), 376 (24), 2047 (24). Ion, Alush Shilom, 3728 (29). Irvine, 1935 (79). Irwin, H. S., 1246 (19), 8428 (16), 8888 (2), 18085 (16). Irwine, A. K., 660 (99). Ishikawa, Sharon, 24 (97). Jack, 4448 (103), 5259 (53), 5404 (103), 7277 (69), 8627 (103). Jackson, G., 990 (95). Jacques-George, 5348 (79). James, Sir. E., 296 (95). Jameson, 5970 (18). Jansen, D., 542 (7), 1188 (1). Jaramillo, 992 (54). Jaefert; ‘Firm. 3 S74 ¢rS}. Jativa, Carlos D., 032 (33), 89 (15), 336 (7), 496 (102), 559 (15), 925 (33), 1161:(7), 3187 (25), 3188 (71), 3189 e735 3190. €72)4: 3191. (42); 3193: (72), 3194653), 3195 ti2ae 3196: (3), 3197: (53), 3198 (©73), 3199 (3), 3200. (3) 7 See (53), 3202 (72), 3203 (Hybrid #7), 3204 (53), 3205 (42), ' 3206 (42), 3207 (40), 3208 (56), 3209 (3), 3210 (96)35°32 (36), sin, ..(Dee. 1976=£ires)) (53) Jayasuriya, A.H.M., 1411 (1), 1614 (1). Jennings, 232 (69). Jéssely V.. F324 (95), Jimenez, Oton, 1244 (50). Jiminez Saa, H., 1297 (7). Jobert, 381 (59). Johansen, 584 (24). Johnson, C. D., 134-68 (29), 138-68 (36), 325-73 (22b). Johnson, H. A., s.n. (3/6-57) (99). Johnson, 5./M.,. 1333 (72) ; 14608 (72). Johnston, 259 (63), 2675 (19),:5228 (22b), 5342 (226). Johnstone, 3245 (79). Jones, M. E., 180 (20), 24885 (24), 27162 (24), s.n. (8/19-1903) (24), s.n. (8/24-1903) (24). Jorgensen, 3215 (4). Kalbreyer, 413 (54). Kanai, H.,\,S.n..\ (Apr. 16, 1960) ((96). Karsten, 350 (54). Kassam, Je, )12 095). Kassner, 160 (95), 794 (95), 986 (95), 3169 (95). 1979 Krukoff, Notes on Erythrina 281 Katende, A. B., K1171 (95), K2004 (95). Katik, P., 46673 (101). Kayap, Rubio, 887 (5). Keay, 28045 (79). Kellerman, 5834 (42), 6384 (53), 7606 (31). Kelly, Isabel, 121 (22b), 1039 (4). Kennedy, Helen, 1890 (50), 1951 (58), 2114 (53), 2207 (53), 2211 (53), 2212 (58), 2248a (50), 2776 (50), 3050 (58), 7087 (24). Kenoyer, A., 60 (20), 64 (14), 188 (22b), 392 (50), 1797 (25), 8315 (22a). Kernan, 108 (15). Kerr, ALF.G..,° 18265 (13): Kharag Singh, 15 (8). Kiemps, 286 (72). Killick, 3264 (83). Killip, E.: P., 14257 (53), 15510 (54), 16622 (54), 21066 (102), 22827 (15) ,” 25840. (15), 33503: (50);,/ 37730: (102), 39975" (50). 40036 (50), 44813 (53). King, 165B (79). King, R. Merrill, 2280 (25), 4509 (22a), 5060 (14), 5128 (14), 5320 (53). Kinloch, 321 (31),.341 (31). Kirkbride, H. H., 458 (50), 1130 (50), 1211 (54), 1966 (56a-type). Kirrika,'£.,°157 (95),, 163°'(95). Kitson, Sir. Ac, 604) :(79), 751 (79), 827° (79), 886 (79); Klawe, M-2B (23). Knobloch, 1130 (24), 5264 (24). Koelz, Walter N., 23535 (12). Kohkemper, 692 (50). Kokawa, 5206 (13). Koritschoner, 1026 (95). Kostermans, Ay’ 3., 838. (1),° 25272: '(13),° 25327' (13)% Kramer, 2665 (59). Krapovickas, A., 13238 (2), 16823 (2), 26580 (4). Krause, F., 286 (71). Krauss, 62 (73), 263 (94). Kotschy, 379 (95). Kruse, 249 (28a). Kuan, 1580 (12). Kuntze, 726 (63), s.n. (7/1892) (60). Krukoff, la (52), 2a (58), 3a (53), 4a (45), 5a (58), 6a (50), 8a (45), 1067 (5), 1940-44 (31), 1959-190 (53), 1967-1 (37), 1967-2 (56-type), 1967-3 (53), 1967-4 (50), 1967-5 (50), 1968- 501 (53), 1968-502 (53), 1968-503 (53), 1968-504 (56), 1968- 505 (53), 1968-506 (56), 1968-507 (42), 1968-508 (53), 1968- 509 (36), 1968-510 (42), 1968-511 (42), 1968-512 (42), 1968- 513 (42), 1968-514 (43), 1969-1 (42), 1969-2 (42), 1969-3 (42), 1969-4 (42), 1969-5 (42), 1969-6 (42), 1969-7 (37), 1969-8 (56), 1969-9 (42), 1969-10 (53), 1969-11 (53), 1969-12 (53), 282 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. 1969-13 (53), 1969-14 (56), 1969-15 (42), 1969-16 (37), 1969-17 (37), 1969-18 (42), 1969-19 (42), 1969-20 (42), 1969-21 (42), 1969-22 (42), 1969-23 (42), 1969-24 (42), 1969-25 (36), 1969-26 (36), 1969-27 (36), 1969-28 (36), 1969-29 (36), 1969-30 (53), 1969-31 (43), 1969-32 (39), 1969-33 (31), 1969-34 (38), 1969-35 (38), 1969-36 (38), 1969-38 (43), 1969-39 (39), 1969-40 (39), 1969-41 (43), 1969-42 (53), 1969-43 (2), 1969-44 (53), 1969-45 (53), 1969-46 (53), 1969-47 (53), 1969-48 (53), 1969-49 (53), 1969-50 (42), 1969-51 (42), 1969-52 (42), 1969-53 (46-type), 1969-54 (40-type), 1969-55 (56), 1969-56 (53), 1969-57 (56), 1969-58 (56), 1969-59 (56), 1969-60 (56), 1969-61 (36), 1969-62 (36), 1969-63 (36), 1969-64 (36), 1969-65 (36), 1969-66 (36), 1969-67 (36), 1969-68 (36), 1969-69 (29), 1969-70 (53), 1969-71 (53), 1969-72 (53), 1969-73 (53), 1969-74 (53), 1969-75 (53), 1969-76 (53), 1969-77 (42), 1969-78 (53), 1969-79 (53), 1969-80 (53), 1969-81 (53), 1969-82 (1), 1969-83 (53), 1969-84 (53), 1969-85 (53), 1969- 88 (53), 1969-89 (53), 1969-90 (53), 1969-91 (53), 1969-92 (42), 1969-93 (42), 1969-94 (53), 1969-95 (53), 1969-96 (53), 1969-97 (53), 1969-98 (53), 1969-99 (53), 1969-100 (53), 1969- 101 (53), 1969-102 (53), 1969-103 (53), 1969-106 (45), 1969- 107 (45-type), 1969-108 (1), 1969-110 (45), 1969-111 (53), 1969-114 (49), 1969-115 (53), 1969-116 (58), 1969-117 (53), 1969-118 (50), 1969-119 (50), 1969-120 (53), 1969-121 (53), 1969-122 (53), 1969-123 (53), 1969-124 (50), 1969-125 (45), 1969-126 (50), 1969-127 (58), 1969-128 (50), 1969-129 (45), 1969-130 (45), 1969-131 (45), 1969-132 (50), 1969-134 (53), 1969-135 (50), 1969-136 (53), 1969-137 (49), 1969-138 (53), 1969-139 (53), 1969-140 (53), 1969-141 (44), 1969-142 (44), 1969-143 (44), 1969-144 (44), 1969-145 (45), 1969-147 (53), 1969-148 (53), 1969-149 (44), 1969-150 (50), 1969-151 (50), 1969-152 (50), 1969-153 (50), 1969-154 (50), 1969-155 (53), 1969-156 (53), 1969-157 (53), 1969-158 (53), 1969-159 (58), 1969-160 (53), 1969-161 (53), 1969-162 (56), 1969-163 (56), 1969-164 (56), 1969-165 (56), 1969-166 (37), 1969-167 (42), 1969-168 (53), 1969-169 (40), 19690170 (46), 1969-171 (53), 1969-172 (53), 1969-173 (37), 1969-174 (37), 1969-175 (37), 1969-176 (37), 1969-177 (42), 1969-178 (37), 1969-179 (37), 1969-180 (37-type), 1969-181 (42), 1969-182 (53), 1969-183 (53), 1969-184 (31), 1969-185 (31), 1969-186 (31), 1969-187 (53), 1969-189 (31), 1969-191 (53), 1969-192 (43), 1969-193 (43), 1969-194 (43), 1969-195 (38), 1969-196 (38), 1969-197 (38), 1969-198 (38-type), 1969-199 (39-type), 1969-200 (38), 1969-201 (39), 1969-203 (53), 1969-204 (39), 1969-205 (39), 1969-206 (43), 1969-207 (53), 1969-208 (36), 1969-209 (36), 1969-210 (36), 1969-211 (36), 1969-212 (36), 1969-213 (36), 1969-214 (36), 1969-215 (36), 1969-216 (46), 1969-217 (40), 1969-218 (40), 1969-219 (40), 1969-220 (43), 1969-221 (43), 1979 Krukoff, Notes on Erythrina 283 1969-222 (53), 1969-223 (57-type), 1969-224 (48-type), 1969-225 (48), 1969-226 (48), 1969-227 (48), 1969-228 (48), 1969-229 (48), 1969-230 (57), 1969-231 (57), 1969-232 (57), 1969-233 (57), 1969-234 (57), 1969-235 (43), 1969-236 (53), 1969-238 (53), 1969-239 (31), 1969-240 (31), 1969-241 (37), 1969-242 (37), 1969-244 (37), 1969-246 (43), 1969-247 (42), 1969-248 (57), 1969-249 (40), 1969-250 (57), 1969-251 (31), 1969-252 (5l-type), 1969-253 (51), 1969-254 (51), 1969-255 (51), 1969- 260 (51), 1969-261 (51), 1969-262 (51), 1969-263 (51), 1969- 265 (51), 1969-266 (51), 1969-268 (51), 1969-270 (51), 1969- 271 (51), 1969-272 (51), 1969-273 (48), 1969-274 (48), 1969- 275 (48), 1969-276 (57), 1969-277 (57), 1969-278 (57), 1969- 279 (57), 1969-280 (57), 1969-281 (53), 1969-282 (53), 1969- 283 (48), 1969-284 (48), 1969-285 (48), 1969-286 (48), 1969- 287 (48), 1969-288 (48), 1969-289 (48), 1969-290 (48), 1969- 291 (48), 1969-301 (48), s.n. (Feb. 1969) (42), 1970-1 (53), 1970-4 (43), 1970-5 (39), 1970-6 (38), 1970-7 (38), 1970-8 (38), 1970-9 (39), 1970-10 (39), 1970-11 (38), 1970-12 (38), 1970-13 (31), 1970-14 (31), 1970-15 (31), 1970-16 (39), 1970-17 (39), 1970-18 (39), 1970-19 (53), 1970-20 (31), 1970-21 (31), 1970- 22 (53), 1970-23 (39), 1970-24 (36), 1970-25 (42), 1970-26 (46), 1970-27 (46), 1970-28 (40), 1970-31 (36), 1970-32 (36), 1970- 33 (36), 1970-34 (29), 1970-35 (36), 1970-36 (36), 1970-37 (36), 1970-38 (36), 1970-39 (36), 1970-40 (53), 1970-41 (30), 1970-42 (31), 1970-43 (31), 1970-45 (30), 1970-46 (30), 1970-47 (30), 1970-48 (30), 1970-49 (30), 1970-50 (30), 1970-51 (30), 1970-52 (23), 1970-53 (30), 1970-54 (23), 1970-55 (30), 1970-56 (31), 1970-58 (53), 1970-60 (40), 1970-61 (40), 1970-62 (40), 1970-63 (53), 1970-65 (53), 1970-66 (29), 1970-67 (29), 1970-68 (29), 1970-69 (29), 1970-70 (29), 1970-71 (29), 1970-72 (29), 1970-73 (29), 1970-74 (29), 1970-75 (29), 1970-76 (29), 1970-77 (29), 1970-78 (29), 1970-79 (27), 1970-80 (27-type), 1970-81 (29), 1970-82 (29), 1970-83 (22b), 1970-84 (30), 1970-85 (30), 1970- 86 (30), 1970-87 (22b), 1970-88 (30), 1970-89 (30), 1970-90 (22b), 1970-91 (22b), 1970-92 (30), 1970-93 (22b), 1970-94 (22b), 1970-95 (30), 1970-96 (30), 1970-97 (31), 1970-98 (22b), 1970-99 (22b), 1970-100 (25), 1970-101 (25), 1970-102 (25), 1970-103 (25), 1970-104 (25), 1970-105 (25), 1970-106 (52), 1970-107 (25), 1970- 108 (70), 1970-109 (25), 1970-110 (25), 1970-111 (25), 1970-112 (29), 1970-113 (29), 1970-114 (29), 1970-115 (53), 1970-116 (25), 1970-117 (25), 1970-118 (25), 1970-119 (25), 1970-120 (22b), 1970- 121 (22b), 1970-122 (25), 1970-123 (22b), 1970-124 (25), 1970-125 (22b), 1970-126 (25), 1970-127 (26), 1970-128 (26), 1970-129 (25), 1970-130 (26), 1970-131 (26), 1970-132 (26), 1970-133 (26), 1970- 134 (40), 1970-135 (46), 1970-136 (1), 1970-137 (39), 1970-138 (38), 1971-1 (46), 1971-2 (46), 1971-3 (46), 1971-4 (48), 1971-6 (46), 1971-7 (31), 1971-8 (56), 1971-10 (7), 1971-11 (42), 1971- 12 (16), 1971-13 (16), 1971-14 (36), 1971-16 (36), 1972-4 (31), 1972-8 (48), 1972-10 (42), 1972-11 (37), 1972-12 (46), 1972-13 (40), 1973-1 (51), 1973-2 (53), 1973-11 (7), 1973-12 (56), 1973- 28h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. 13 (53), 1973-14 (2), 1973-15 (42), 1973-16 (36), 1973-17 (94), 1973-18 (97), 1973-19 (16), 1973-20 (16), 1973-21 (72), 1973-23 (46), 1973-24 (37), 1973-25 (56), 1973-26 (43), 1973-27 (56), 1973-28 (37), 1973-29 (40), 1974-2 (43), 1974- 3 (56), 1974-4 (42), 1976-1 (43), 1976-2 (49), 1976-3 (53). Krukof£f Herb., 2152 (81), 3022 (88), 4599 (5), 4621 (59), 4707 (59-type), 5334 (6), 7912 (102), 8465 (104), 9128 (24), 9133 (53), 9134 (103), 9138 (24), 9154 (24), 9159 (53), 9163 (31), 9166 (53), 9167 (31), 9169 (102), 9173 (53), 9174 (71), 9175 (71), 9178 (53), 9179 (95), 9180 (99), 9181 (54), 9182 (15), 9185 (52), 9193 (50), 9195 (53), 9195a (53), 9196 (102), 9198 75), 9200 (50), 9202 (79), 9207 (53), 9208 (53), 9209 (53), 9211 (102), 9213 (52), 9221 (53), 922la (53), 9222 (53), 9223 (53), 9224 (53), 9231 (15), 9232 (16), 9234 (69), 9235 (23), 9237 (53), 9238 (71), 9240 (56), 9244 (53), 9248 (31), 9250 (23), 9251 (31), 9252 (31), 9257 (63), 9259 (95), 9260 (53), 9262 (53), 9263 (102), 9264 (94), 9269 (53), 9271 (53), 9272 (102a), 9275 (93), 9277 (53), 9278 (15), 9279 (71), 9291 (81), 9293 (95), 9295 (53), 9304 (53), 9307 (53), 9314 (63), 9316 (103), 9317 (23), 9320 (95), 9342 (80), 9348 (71), 9350 (79), 9354 (53), 9356 (95), 9357 (90), 9358 (95), 9359 (95), 9361 (95), 9363 (53), 9364 (50), 9365 (56), 9388 (53), 9391 (54), 9392 (52), 9413 (15), 9416 (95), 9420 (53), 9439 (103), 9440 (93), 9447 (64b), 9471 (65), 9479 (64b), 9482 (28b), 9483 (28b), 9485 (24), 9486 (53), 9501 (53), 9507 (50), 9515 (59), 9525 (25), 9528 (53), 9529 (50), 9530 (15), 9531 (75), 9532 (65), 9535 (79), 9547 (102a), 9548 (102), 9549 (102), 9550 (102a), 9551 (102a), 9553 (25), 9566 (62), 9567 (62), 9576 (102), 9591 (102), 9623 (69), 9624 (23), 9625 (23), 9626 (69), 9627 (69), 9628 (23), 9629 (23), 9630 (69), 9631 (23), 9632 (23), 9633 (69), 9636 (99), 9668 (75), 9669 (73), 9774 (28b), 9799 (65), 9898 (103), 9923 (54), 9943 (74), 9958 (54), 10693 (5), 12603 (62), 15018 (64b), 15028 (65), 15029 (75), 15033 (102), 15050 (63), 15051 (53), 15055 (71), 15065 (28a), 15072 (75), 15124 (56), 15126 (4), 15129 (56), 15141 (53), 15156 (75), 15158 (15), 15173 (80), 15183 (63), 15190 (15), 15193 (54), 15202 (64b), 15234 (54), 15346 (14), 15361 (69), 15365 (56), 15377 (49), 15378 (4), 15379 (14), 15385 (71), 15391 (75), 15394 (4), 15403 (23), 15510 (90), 15606 (71), 16043 (79), 16213 (81). Ladd, David, s.n. (6/9-1970) (Hybrid #7). Lamb, 428 (28b). Lamb, 80 (79). Landsbosh, 136 (1). Lane=Poole, 85 (79), 323 (81) Langdale-Brown, 2587 (79). Langlasse,676 (55), 73c (28a). Langman, Ida K., 3518 (20), 3795 (36). Lanna Sobrinho; ‘J. (P., '4856°(1), 5351-€1y, 7200)(G)* 1979 Krukoff, Notes on Erythrina 285 Lao, E. A., 276 (58), 354 (41), 514 (58). Lasseigne, Alex, 4286 (53). Lasser, Tobias, 2529 (53). Latham, Major P., 16217 (108a). Latilo, 26749 (79), 69374 (93). Latz, P. K., 45 (99), 108 (99). Laughlin, Robert M., 360 (36), 1999 (29). Lavastre, Bro. Basilio A., 2075 (102). Law, Y. S., 2449 (16). Lawrence, A. E., 285 (15), 648 (50). Lawrence, E., 134 (95). Lawrie, M., 100 (96), 105 (96), s.n. (Sept. 1971) (96). Lawton, R. M., 1795 (104). Lea, A., LR23 (95). Leach, 8463 (73), 10525 (95). Leavenworth, 1399 (28a), 1914 (14). Leblond, 198 (59). Lebrug, J., 9108 (95). Lebrun, Jean, 2726 (89), 3342 (95), 3349 (95). Lee, Fleet N., 30 (22a). Lees, 46/51 (95), 48/51 (95). Leeuwenberg, A.J.M., 7549 (93), 7576 (78). Lehmann, 4750 (15). Leippert, 6051 (104), 6312 (95). Leitao Filho, H., 468 (6), s.n. (24/7-1968) (3). Lellinger, D. B., 1514 (58). Lely; 2118 (79), 682 (79). Lemmon, 2680 (24). Lemos, F., de, 166 (73). Lems, 5063 (45). Lent, Roy W., 1163 (44), 3892 (58), 3991 (49). Leon, Bro., 1579 (102), 1591 (103), 2928 (102), 7107 (102), 11026 (69), 12644 (69), 14367 (69), 14786 (103), 17932 (69), 18073 (69). Leon, H., 578 (53). Leon, Jorge L., 424 (1), 558 (50), 768 (45), 961 (53), 1044 (50), 1524 (34), 2315 (53), 4576 (49). LeSueur, 209 (22b), 210 (22b), 692 (24). LeTestu, 1015 (95), 2677 (93). Letouzey, R., 6777 (93), 6810 (93). Letts, G. A., s.n. (3/8-1961) (99), (17/10-1962 (99). bow e.P. 73572 1€53). Lewalle,; J.;°300 (95), 2959 (95). Lewis, Walter H., 31 (53), 776 (53), 875 (50), 3480 (54). Liben, 3188 (80). Libew, L., 1766 (95), 2997 (95). Liebman, 5233 (52). Liesner, Ronald, 496 (50), 839 (53), 3161 (50). Lima, Dardano de A., 50-669 (102), 55-2182 (102), 55-2254 (102), 55-2255 (102a). 286 Pt DAO GA Vol. 41, No. Lindeman, J. C., 52 (95), 2633 (16). Linden, Js, 2226 (15). Linder, 855 (79). Liogier, Alain H., 5405 (69), 14170 (66), 21313 (7), 24366 (67). Lisboa, 4758 (59). ' Little, Elbert L., Jr., 275 (5), 2760(61), 366. (7),. 6469, @3305 6717 (33), 6727 (33), 7294 (54), 7421 (15), 8047 (15), 8469 (50), 11012 (20), 11101 -(14), 13771 (53), '16057.¢402)5 16257 (63), 21164 (33), 21196 (7), 21235 (7), 21688 (65), 26165 (96) , 96753 (15). Lloyd, 848 (64b). Longe, 1 (95). Lopez, 48 (50). Lopez, A. A., 1096 (3). Lopez, Enrique, 7380 (36). Lopez-Palacios, Santiago, 1557 (15), 1723 (62). Lorence, D., 7 (106). Lot, Antonio, 996 (30). Lothiaw, T.R.H., 359 (99). Louis, D. J., 8320 (95). Louis, J., 9464 (89). Lourteig, A., 2119 (3), 3089 (5). Loveridge, M. V., 251 (95), 360 (95). Luetzelburg, P. von, 12999 (102), 16016 (16). Lugard, Major E. J., 117 (95). Lukuesa, H. M., 589 (95). Luming, 1161 (13). Lundell, C. L., 377 (31), 3702 (23), 7453 (23), 8045 (23), 13003 (24). Lusaka Nat. Hist. Club, 141 (95), 157 (95). Lynes, Rear Admiral H., D60 (95), D61 (95), 564 (93). Lyon, F.J<, 2738 (79), 2861 (St). Lyonnet, E., 880 (14), 2407 (14), 3246 (20). Maas, P.J.M., 3049 (15). Macaulay, Mrs., 1157 (95). Macbride, F., 2752 (53), 3956 (15). MacBryde, B., 420 (1), 446 (15), 454 (15), 561 (15), 568 (18), 617 (33), 645 (15), 665 (15), 670 (102), 690 (33), 694 (15), 848 (15), 860 (15), 863 (15), 946 (15), 1466 (59), 1493 (15), 1518 (59). MacDonald, 24 (79). MacDougall, Thomas, H322 (22b), s.n. (12/31-53) (30). Macedo, 1141 (6). MacGregor, Sir W., 43 (78), 9315 (79). Machinde, H.S.M., 117 (95). Macintosch, 116 (93). Macowan, 1216 (73). Madison, M. T., 10262-70 (15), 10453-70 (59). Maesen, L.J.G., van der, 1976 (8). 1979 Krukoff, Notes on Erythrina 287 Magalhaes, Mendes, 690 (16), 6105 (102), s.n. (10/10-1950) (102). Maguire, B., 61409 (53). Makin, J., 113 (10). Maldonado, R., 486 (2). Maltby, 127 (28b). Mann, G., 704 (80-type). Manning, 5310 (14). Marcan, A., 1150 (96). Marias, W., 1331 (74). Martin, Paul S., 007 (25), 1173 (25), 1301 (22b), 56077 (24), mirtim, R. T., 1039 (1). Martinet, 22 (7). Martinez, 15059 (20). Martinez, M. A., 137 (14), 164 (14), 345 (55). Martinez-Calderon, Guadelupe, 51 (31), 1383 (22b), 1546 (22b), 3004 (30). Martinez, Manuel, 25 (30). Martius, K. F. P., von, 1582 (6), .2606 (59). Marunak, 142 (4). Mason, 1787 (28b). Matalu, L., 3104 (95). Mathias, M.,°5231 (61), 5276 (15), 5285 CESys Mathuew, Lord, 204 (95). Mattar, Nicolino, s.n. (July, 1947) (59). Mattos, J., 12147 (3). Matuda, E., 7247 (55), 17601 (53), 21035 (25), 21094 (20), 21543 (20), 26297 (20), 26949 (14), 28275 (20), 31551 (14), 32247 (30), 38483 (14), 38601 (46), 38616 (25). Maxon, W. R., 118 (53), 1432 (64a), 4808 (50), 7349 (53), 7831 (53). Maxwell, R. H., 756 (96), 830 (96), 831 (1), 901 (13), 976 (13), 1009 (13). Maysilles, 7001 (19), 8194 (19). McClintock, 197 (79). McCorcle, 3454 (14). McDaniel, Sidney, 10332 (53). McKelvey, 563 (24), 622 (24), 670 (24), 1336 (24), 1557 (24). McVaugh, Rogers, 1453 (28b), 1609 (28b), 12068 (28b), 12285 (20), 13166 (14), 13210 (14), 13582 (14), 14381 (14), 14891 (24), 15093 (24), 15782 (28b), 16411 (19), 16454 (19), 16811 (24), 18259 (19), 18486 (24), 22417 (28a), 25300 (28b). McViegh, 7336 (101). Mearns, 465 (24), 1982 (95). Meeuse, 9335 (72). Meikle, 743 (79). Mejicanos, Joel, 1977-1 (70), 1977-2 (70). Mello Filho, Luiz Emygdio, de, 2025 (Hybrid #6), 2034 (6), 2088 (402) {2433 (102). Mendes, E. J., 1079 (83-type), 2040 (82-type). Mendonca, 2187 (72), 2376 (72), 2379 (95), 3117 (73). - 288 PH, Y-T.0-L OG 24 Vol. hi, No. Metcalf, 30636 (54). Methuen, Lord, 156a & b (72), 307 (86). Mexia, Ynez, 1889 (28b), 1918 (28b), 6998 (15), 9022a (52), 9234 (55), 9302 (22b). Meyer, 8049 (77), 8654 (95). Meyer, F. G., 2895 (25). Michael, I., s.n. (6/12-1956) (99). Mildbraed, G.W.J., 2432 (8l-type), 7239 (79), 7832 (81), 8888 (89), 9350 (93). Millan, 77 (79). Millar, A. N., NGF35133 (1), 35194 (101). Mille Pagaza, S., 54 (20). Millen, H., 49 (78). Miller, 0. B., B/512 (94), B/828 (94), 7619 (95). Mibler > 8. sGys, 295€95) 5 Millspaugh, 94 (23), 306 (23), 523 (64c), 1552 (23), 1666 (23). Milne-Redhead, 661 (95), 1009 (95), 1252 (95). Miranda, F., 233 (52), 550 (14), 591 (14), 1196 (52), 2762 (20), 4105 (52), 4329 (28a), 5066 (36), 5495 (29), 5934 (36), 7079 (29), 8380 (22b), 9083 (28b), 9185 (46), 9288 (52), 9315. (52). Mitastein, M., 200 (20). Mogg, A.O.D., 25235 (74), 28387 (72). Molina R., Antonio, 15 (49), 51 (43), 231 (53), 858 (53), 2230 (45), 2956 (49), 3569 (53), 8051 (49), 8126 (49), 10337 (35), 15838 (31), 16137 (42), 16343 (42), 18031 (50), 18175 (50), 2218 (49), 24177 (49), 24331 (49), 25462 (49), 25594 (49), 25602 (35), 30613 (53), 30630 (53), 30942 (49), 30987 (42), 31287 (42), 31397 (42), 31475 (53), 31623 (49). Monro, 415 (72). Montalvo, E. A., 4821 (42). Monteiro, O. P., s.n. (31/07-70) (1). Montes, 126 (28b), 543 (28b), 802 (28b). Mooney, H. F., 5661 (77), 7731 (95), 8561 (77), 8585 (95), 8733) C77), ° S872. G7), FLLB; (95). Moore, 41 (58). Moore, B. J., Mrs., 140-61 (95). Moore, H. E., Jr., 1914 (52), 2543 (27), 2889 (22b), 4272 (25). Moreno, 10 (63). Mori, S., 2044 (50), 2524 (58), 2537 (58), 2659 (50), 31230030), 3690 (50), 5669 (41). Moriarty, V. K., 1171 (96), 1574 (96). Morillo, G., 2364 (102). Morin, Povetti, 1516 (4). Morris, 534 (73). Morton, C. V., 4714 (64b), 7343 (49), 10141 (53). Morton, J. K., 729 (79), 900 (79), 6364 (81). Moss, 18231 (74). Moura, A., 95: (7%). Mueller, 681 (25), 762 (25). 1979 Krukoff, Notes on Erythrina 289 Muenscher, 12343 (53). Mulhearn, C. J., s.n. (22/3-1948) (99). Muller, 86 (22b). Murata, Hiroyaki, 1 (2), 2 (2). Must, J.;, 267 (99). Myers, J. G., 9033 (95), 10214 (80), 10607 (80). pees, O58.) Js, 3' (95). Nagata, Kenneth, 539/8261 (53), 540 (96), 797 (53), 808 (7), 810 (56), 811 (2). Nagel, 8018 (14). Napper, 1670 (104). Bash, 159. (95). Nee, M., 9219 (53), 10624 (15). Neill, David, 848 (53), 1075 (7), 2726 (53), 2811 (53). Nelson, 1966 (52), 2699 (22b), 3842 (53), 3880 (25), 4303 (28b), 4386 (55), 4546 (19), 7241 (24), 73539 (24). Nelson, Anne, s.n. (2/28-1974) (96). Nelson, Cirilo, 0959 (1), 2860 (1). Nelson, D. J., s.n. (16/8-1961) (99). Nelson, W., 84 (72), 223 (74), 382 (94). Nevling, L. I., 446 (22b), 2331 (25). Newberry, 172 (78). Newbould, J., 1211 (95), 1971 (95), 2329 (95), 2465 (80), 2510 (95), 3271 (108a), 3586 (108a). Nicolai, F., 5876 (25). Nicolas, 128a (25). Nolde, Baronin, 248 (95). Oberwinkler, B., 13239 (7), 13906 (54). Oersted, 63 (49). Oldeman, R.A.A., 1 (1), B-740 (1). Oliveira, E., 5069 (1), 6475 (1). Oliveira, J. Evangelista, de, 603 (6), 1094 (16), 1095 (6). Olorunfemi, 55098 (79). O'Mara, R. M., sen. (5-1970) (Hybrid #7). Opler, Paul A., 1680 (53). Oppenheimer, 1415 (50). Orcutt, 3398 (22b), 3866 (14). Orozco, 888 (53), 947 (45), 1017 (45). Ortega, Alberto T., 207 (15). Ortega, Gonzales, 22 (28b), 1194 (28b), 4178 (24), 4979 (28b), 5060 (28b), 5416 (28b). Guseed, £. ¥., 65) (53),. 2120653); Osorio, John M., 44 (1). 290 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. hi, No. Otero, 604 (65), 927 (53). Otto, 542 (102). Owatari, C., s.n. (3/1-1898) (96). Pabst, G., 5693 (102), 6709 (3), 7369 (3), 7384 (3). Pacheco, C., s.n. (29/7-1951) (3). Padwa, S. H., 38 (95). Paget-Wilkes, C. F., 210 (95), 211 (72). Palacios, R., s.n. (8/22-1964) (14), s.n. (9/24-1964) (14), s.n. (25/XI1-1964 (52), s.n. (30/1-1965) (52), s.n. (15/9-1965) (14), s.n. (5/8-1970) (14). Palmer, E., 17 (24), 33 (53), 87 (53), 119 (22a), 129 (28a- type), 130 (22b), 179 (24), 219 (22b), 328 (22b), 362 (19), 450 (19), 544 (22a), 686 (25), 771 (24). Pappi, A., 143 (95), 1737 (95). Paray, L., 1623 (14). Paredes, A., 108 (15), 111 (33). Parker, M., 121 (99), 431 (99). Parry, 182 (20). Parsons, 156 (79). Pater, A., 33045 (95), 43804 (95). Payon, J: °A., 36 (7), T47 (33). Pawek, Jean, 5919 (95), 6347 (95), 7386 (95), 7591 (95), 7748 (95). Peck, Capt. E. F., 389 (108b). Peebles, W., 8750 (24), 9932 (24). Pegler, Alice, 89 (71), 235 (94), 1179 (73). Pena, Bento S., 66 (59), s.n. (3/21-1975) (1). Penalosa, Javier, 715 (20). Pendelin, 63 (81). PeHland, 101 (15), °125 (18), 1452 (15). Pennell, F. W., 2699 (54), 4109 (53), 8047 (15), 8681 (15), 8738 (34), 10098 (54). Pennington, C., 536 (24). Perdue, R. E., 9336 (95), 11017 (95). Pereira, 2156 (102). Pérez .J., L. A., 360 (28b), 1651°(23): Perry, R. A., sen. (30/7-48) (99). Persaud, 385 (63), 385 (bis) (63). Peter, A., 30396 (72), 45012 (91). Pfeifer, 1689 (53. Phelps, 283 (86). Phipps, 2245 (72). Pichi-Sermolli, R., 517 (95). Pickel, B., 148 (102), 1219 (102), 2133 (6), 4892 (16), 5000 (6). Piemeisel, 137 (95). Pineda R., A., 734 (20), 788 (20). Pinheiro, R. S., 1916 (102), 1995 (102). 1979 Krukoff, Notes on Erythrina 291 Pires, Murga, 1395 (59), 1583 (5), 12589 (5), 12851 (5), 13773 (6). Pirozynski, P137 (95). Pittier, H. F., 1248 (15), 1248a (15), 1930 (53), 2287 (50), 2541 (53), 2571 (53), 2656 (50), 3693 (49-type), 4731 (53), 5849 (102), 6893 (49), 6939 (53), 7634 (62), 8295 (50), 8770 (62), 10229 (102), 11001 (53), 11500 (102), 12603 (62), 13674 (102). Plowes, D. C., 1461 (72), 2338 (94), 33758 (94), 34783 (94), 35825 (94), 39330 (72). Plowman, Timothy, 2194 (7), 3228 (1), 3753 (15), 5437 (102), 5457 (18). Ponts J.°I., 1881 (16). Pole Evans, I. B., 13212 (74). Poblard; 295 (53). Pompa, Gomez A., 1159 (47), 1837 (47). Popov, G., 1020 (108b). perce, 216°(53), 755 (53). Gece. EL. W., 530( (74). Porter, D. M., 4280 (50). Poveda, L. J., 128 (34), 196 (53), 579 (44), 747 (58), s.n. (22/9-75) (49). Powell, Dulcie, 979 (64a). Prance, G. T., 2385 (7), 5846 (1), 5900 (1), 6188 (5), 6285 (5), £7308. (1) 5 17420. (1)5 23520 (1), 23714 (59% Preuss, P., 1376 (53), 1384 (53), 1389 (56), 1389a (56), 1391a (53). Pringle, C. G., 4011 (24), 4687 (21), 5124 (22b), 5288 (20), 5358 (28a), 5743 (20), 6271 (52), 6512 (14), 6638 (20), 6838 (25), 6839 (25), 6869 (20), 7626 (24), 7687 (22b), 8658 (24), 11964 (14), 11965 (20), 13659 (24). Proctor, George R., 11718 (64a), 16151 (64a), 16184 (64a), 16451 (1), 16473 (64a), 18889 (7), 19274 (64b), 20963 (64b), 22038 (64a), 24685 (7), 25876 (64b), 26834 (1), 27779 (64a), 28568 (102). Prosser, E. M., 1038 (72), 1356 (72). Purpus, C. A., 60 (24), 373 (28b), 2680 (14a-type), 3899 (14a), 4385 (14a), 5554 (14a), 5830 (20), 6078 (22b), 9062 (29). Purseglove, 2893 (95). Pursell, 8304 (1), 8424 (7), 8704 (1). Quané, P., 2661 (95). Quintas, 46 (73). Quiroz, 286 (58). Raimundo, S. P., 1160 (7). Rand, 257 (95), 462 (95). Rant, 1112 (74). Ratten, J. A., 226 (4). Raven, Peter H., 21741 (58), 21953 (58). 292 PEP TOD Orbe we Vol. li, No. Rawlins, 249 (91), 9361 (91). Raynal, J., 16418 (1). Read, Gordon, 43 (95). Reark, 640 (58). Record, S., BH49 (31). Reekmans, M., 1976 (95), 2599 (95), 2618 (95), 6581 (95). Rehder, 258 (24), 1123 (53). Rehmann, 6282 (94). Reitz, (P. |) B.i, 3533 €16), 8970, (16). Reko, 5110 (28a). Renier, 28 (84). Rensburg, H. J., van, 2389 (95), 2481 (95). Renvoize, S. A., 1335 (96). Reynold, 1606 (75). Reynolds, G. W., 5770 (74). Richards, H. M., 556 (95), 26186 (95), 31444 (95). Ridley, H. N., 35 (102a-type), 36 (102a). Riedel, L., 456 (16). Rimbach, 307 (17-type), 836 (17). Ringoet, 39 (95), 17947b (95). Riva, D., 1547 (108a). Robinson, E. A., 878 (95). Roble, 1840 (103). Robson, N.K.B., 812 (95). Robyns, W., 2030 (95). Rodias! R.. J25) 3976: C73) < Rodman, J. E.,. 1 (19). Rodriguez C., H., O15 (54), 2698 (7). Rodrfguez J., L. S., 1162 (20). Rodriguez, Valerio, 1906 (53), 2510 (53). Roe, Keith, 1687 (14), 1764 (14), 2151 (14). Rogers, C. Gilbert, 21 (95), 380 (95), 3811 (95). Rogers, Rev. F. A., 4017 (95), 4634 (73), 8454 (95). Roig, Juan T., 3151 (103), 3201 (69), 3920 (69), 8506 (69). Rajo,: Justa. P. J 72, C3). Rombouts, J. BE.) 2657 (16). Romero-Castaneda, Rafael, 792 (102), 842 (53), 843 (53), 874 (53), 4503: 102), 6109 (53)) 6573 (4594 Rosay N. A, S57 (7), S87 «Cry. Rosas R., Marino, 423 (30), 885 (52), 1195 (30). Rose, J. N., 1592 (28b), 1796 (28b), 1822 (28b), 2137)(19), 2887 (24), 3553 (24), 3597 (19), 3612 (24), 3634 (19), 4023 (55), 4109 (53), 4599 (21), 4627 (52), 4774 (24), 4811 (24), 4835 (25), 4869 (22b), 5299 (20), 5301 (25), 5351 (52), 5410 (20), 5639 (20), 75121 (14), 7831. (20), 12707: (24), 120630 2eee 13725 (28b-type), 14732 (28b), 19759 (102), 20319 (16), 22563 (33), 22594 (15), 22659 (15), 23344 (15), 23361! (43), e2aeee (15) , 2387773). Ross, 1064 (95). Ross, Gary N., 209 (55). 1979 Krukoff, Notes on Erythrina 293 Rossbach, G. B., 3844 (58) Rothschuh, 457 (53). Rovirosa, J. N., 696 (22b). Rowell, Jr., 3223 (14). Rowlee, 204 (53), 251 (44). Rozynski, 348 (25). Rudatis, H., 244 (73). Rudetin, 80 (79). Rugel, 135 (22a). Ruiz Terdn, Luis, 350 (102), 493 (1), 494 (7), 495 (7), 2231 (54), 4832 (62), 11851 (62), 14832 (62), 14957 (1). Rum, Kirat, s.n. (2/4-1922) (8), s.n. (25/4-1922) (8). Runyon, 972 (22a). Rusby, H. H., 952 (15). Rusch, E., 7957 (85). Russel, 262 (14). Rutherford-Smith, R., 143 (72). Rutter, 4 (80). Ryan, C. L., 19 (28a). Rzedowski, J., 11 (20), 5783 (25), 6959 (22b), 14533 (14), 20772 (14), 23969 (20), 24729 (22b), 26060 (20), 26300 (20), 27008 (28a), 29508 (25), s.n. (9/3-1965) (14). Sacleux, R. P., 388 (9l-type), Salas S., Sergio, 672 (49). Saldanha, C. J., 2182 (13), 15834 (13), 16454 (13). Salvin, 230 (42). Salvoza, 874 (50) Sanchez, 1 (53). Sandeman, Christopher, 5534A (15), 5597 (50). Sanderson, J., 44 (94). Sandwith, C., 6 (95). Santoro, 1004 (102). Santos, R., 154 (95). Santos, T. S., dos, 1088 (96), 1233 (7), 27599 (2). Saravia, C., 95 (102), 402 (102). Sargent, 133 (53). Sasaki, L., s.n. (9/8-1965) (96). Saucedo, Garcfa, s.n. (18/6-1957) (20). Scaetta, 3349 (79). Schaffner, 96 (25), 620 (25). Schattuck, 852 (50). Scheeners, 1171 (94). Schimff, H.J.F., 553 (18-type), 649 (15), 706 (15). Schimper, 73 (95), 531 (95), s.n. (9/21°1838) (95). Schipp, 935 (31). Schlechter, 12002 (73). Schlieben, H. J., 1074 (72), 1074a (72), 1083 (95), 1083A (95), 4400 (95), 5237 (107-type), 5382 (95), 5634 (91), 6193 (91), 6194 (95), 6195 (107), 7009 (72). 29h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. Schmitz, 459 (20). Schmitz, A., 755 (80), 1199 (95). Scuott, 615 .(23),'921: (23). Schreiter, 5025 (4), 11438 (4). Schubert, Bernice G., 1826 (25), s.n. (Jan. 14, 1956) (49). Schultes, R. E., 644a (21), 666a (52), 687 (55), 952 (55), 2080 (7), 3501 (5), 6599A (15), 24045 (1). Schultz, A., 1568 (4), 1568a (4), 1569 (4). Schultze, A., 219 (15), 498 (54), 705 (53), 1054 (54). Schunke V., José, 4283 (1), 8231 (7), 8313 (15), 9752 (7), s.n. (8/13-77) (53). Schweinfurth, G. A., 60 (95), 1799 (95), 1868 (95), 1882 (95), 6868 (95). Scott-Elliot, 6914 (95), 7236 (95). Scudder, 76 (86). Seemann, B., 1676 (53). Seibert, R. J., 364 (58). Seigier, D., és €10/76) (2). Seler, 244 (22b), 817 (21), 2207 (36), 5535 (31). Sendulsky, Tatiana, s.n. (11/9-1969) (2), s.n. (11/9-1969) (3), s.n. (11/9-1969) (6), s.n. (12/8-1969) (16). Senn, 279 (53). Seret, F., 564 (80). Sessé, M., 3689 (20), 3690 (20), 3691 (14), 3692 (14), 3694 (20), 3694b (14). Seydel, R., 369 (85). Shafer, 452 (53), 562 (64b-type), 1465 (65), 2498 (65), 2827 (65), 8540 (69), 11088 (69), 12197 (69), 13390 (69). Shank, Paul, 9 (50), s.n. (Aug. 7, 1950) (53). Suants, H. L., 705: (957% Shapiro, Gary, 459 (55), 483 (53). Shark, 4289 (58). Suarp, A. JI., 53 (95). Sharp, 44567 (20), 44932 (14). Shattuck, 56 (50), 648 (50). Shepherd, John D., 156 (30), 156 (23). Shulz, D. A., 136 (96). Siame, 177 (95), 683 (95). Sidey, James L., 3847 (75). Sidney, 193 (4). Sihonen, 61 (79). Silva, s.n. (9/20-1945) (102). Silva, N. T., 170 (59), 3664 (5), 58369 (16). Simmon, S194 (108b). Sintenis, P., 1102 (65), 5666 (65), 5783 (65). Skog, Laurence E., 4062 (15). Skutch, A.F., 4024 (53), 4831 (50). Small, D., 456 (79). Smeyers, 210 (95). Smith, A. Donaldson, 254 (77), s.n. (12/11-94 (77). 1979 Krukoff, Notes on Erythrina 295 Smith, Austin, 156 (58), 608 (58), 1940 (34), 2771 (58), 10004 £33) < pmith, C2 E., Jri, 3916:(20), 4091 (25). Smith, C. Earle, 4432 (46), 4963 (15). Smith, Charles L., 1834 (47), 1420 (25). Smith, Foster D., 42 (102). mutans Js, °1S (95); 14°¢C95): Smith, J. D., 6480 (58), 6481 (53), 6482 (53). Smith, H. H., 64 (64b), 703 (56a), 924 (53). Smith, L., 446 (52). Smith, L. B., 12558 (3), 12729 (3), 12800 (3), 12945 (3), 14001 (2 x Smith, L. C., 22 (21), 109 (14b-type). Smith, L. S. ; 4036 (1), 4857 (96), 10478 (Hybrid #7), 12671 (99). Smuts, J. c, 66 (72-type). Snedaker, S. C., E-163 (31). Sneidern, Kjelf, von, 5620 (15). Snowden, J. D., 756 (95), 1878 (80), 2001 (95). Sobrinho, Vasc. 899 (102). Sodiro, BS ‘Ci5)s Sdejarto, HOM. 25? (50)5 2585502) ,03977' (50) . son, \J., van, 28893 (94). Sosa, Miguel Ulloa, s.n. (3/12-65) (25). Soucup, Jaroslaw, 3307 (15). Soule, 0. H., 2109 (24). Sousa, M., 5521 (29), 5585 (55), 5612 (21a), 5718 (20), 5811 (14), 052 °°C41) pc7056 (22b) 2.7236 (55), ©7138 (55), 7197-670), 62226 (36), 7452 (22b), 7493 (22b), 7541 (22b), 7563 (21a), 7586 (22b), 7642 (22b), 7807 (14b), 7998 (14), 8014 (22b), 8891 (30). 2377 (22b), 2850 (30), 2851 (30), 2998 (55), 3140 (14), 3329 (53), 3350 (55), 3464 (47-type), 4046 (25), 4053 (52), 4191 (31), 4224 (4la-type), 4287 (30), 4438 (52), 4584 (20), 4838 (52), 5136: (52), 5206: (29), 5506 (22b). Souviron, 102 (29). Sparre, Benkt, 17050 (15), 17149 (18), 17327 (15), 17980 (33), 18861 (15), 19203 (61). Specht, R. L., 1309 (99). Specke, 426 (95). Spence, Glen, 13 (97), 123 (97), s.n. (July 17, 1978) (97). Sprague, T. A., 274 (54). Spross, Barbara, 1 (42). Spruce, R., 5005 (15), 5970 (18). Stahl, 420 (65). setndkey's Be 2635 649372653) 5 19949 ((53)5 25146053), Ss tea 9519; (53), 10583 (53), 16168 (53), 16608 (53), 18153 (53), 19396 (53), 20343 (53), 20349 (53), 21826°-(53) 9122986 .G33),4 23315 (53), 23408 (53), 24031 (31), 24733 (31), 25324 (42), 25789 (53), 26704 (53), 27689 (53), 29037 (53), 29783 (53), 30489 (53) , 31352,(50) 5 31897 (53) 5 (32325 (53) 5: :42236 (49), 34511 (53),. 34767 (53), 35914 (49), 39986 (53), 40843 (50), 296 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 41, No. 40892 (50), 43179 (49), 44080 (58), 45768 (45), 45794 (53), 46123 (49), 46470 (50), 46620 (45), 46714 (45), 47415 (53), 47609 (53), 52501 (49), 52757 (35), 54411 (35), 55504 (35), 55941 (53), 59345 (42), 63426 (53), 63892 (53), 64835 (53), 65712 (36), 66724 (53), 69228 (39), 69321 (39), 69600 (43- type) ,. 72790 (36), 75731. (53): 75799.(53), 78328 Gasee 78544 (53), 80139 (42), 80148 (42), 80516 (42), 82554 (36), 83173 (42), 83924 (42), 84802 (42), 87066 (42), 87847 (53), 87872 (53), 87883 (53), 88031 (53), 88413 (53), 88562°'(53), 88704 (53), 89273 (53), 89607 (53), 90463. (43), 9113720492 Stanton, 126 (95). Starrewski, s.n. (18/2-1952) (95). Stehle, 3548 (64b). Steinbach, J., 3192 (6), 6486 (bis) (6), 6507 (6), 6687 (4), 6700 (6). Stepnen, J., /03: (73)s Stern, W..L., 81, (41),, 351. (53), 990: 1653}:) L1461(53)3 a337 (22a). Stevenson, 4 (31), 79 (31). Stevenson, 125 (95). Steyermark, J. A., 16984 (50), 16984a (50), 16984b (50), 30382 (53), 30932 (53), 33556 (56), 33665 (53), 33722 (56), 20000 (46), 37565 (56), 39080 (35), 41776 (35), 42364 (43), 43322 (53), 43613 (43), 44270 (53), 44644 (31), 46733 (56), 47801 (53), 48032 (56), 48971 (48), 49768 (42), 50499 (36), 51777 36), 51871 (42), 52127 (56), 52929 (15), 53780 (15), seaa2 (33), 62347 (102), 88233 (62), 88666 (62), 91268 (62), 100536 (54), 101274 (15). Stocker, G. C., 1238 (99), 1414 (96). Stoddart, D. R., 4247 (96), 7266 (96). Stohr, 52 (73). Stote, Ax,..950, (95) 5 1538 “C5) 5.2266 (74). stone, W.,,21/, (23).. Stork, 3112 (50), 3135 (58). Stork; ‘985.1. (25).3 °10150.¢15), 10765 (15): SEOrK, EH. Lay, 25186. (28b).. Straw, 1600 (24). Strey. Re-+Gegi: 3014) (73) 5, 6663 C71), 11159-0739). Strong, H. E.;.'503 (16), Swinbourne, R., 643 (99). Swynnerton, C.F.M., 3 (95), 43, (95), 93 (95), 94 (95);t545095)5 603 -C72)),,, 1470) (72). Sykes, W. R., 657/64 (Hybrid #7), 697/64 (Hybrid #7), 700/64 (Hybrid #9), 701/64 (Hybrid #9), 754 (96), 787/64 (Hybrid #7), 812/64 (71), 1020/64 (71). Symoens, J., 3878 (95). Synnott, T. J., 600 (89), 635 (89), 898 (89), 1340 (89). Tadesse, Mesfin, s.n. (July 18, 1978) (105). 1979 Krukoff, Notes on Erythrina 297 Takaki, F., s.n. (5/11-1958) (20). Talbot, 3130 (79). Tamayo, F., 806 (63). 807 (102), 2238 (62), 3335 (54), 3379 (102), 3830 (63), 3854 (63), 4644 (63), 4665 (63). Tanner, R.E.S., 332 (95), 375 (95), 647 (95), 3124 (91), 4405 (95), 5430 (95). Tate, 90 (35). Taton, A., 1454 (95). Mette, 23°(16). Taylor, G., 2605 (95). Taylor, John, 17311 (53). Taylor, Mary Edwards, 682 (52). Teague, A. J., 530 (95), 576 (72). Teague, Gerard W., 248 (4), 520 (2), 600 (2). Teixeira, Brito, 124 (83). Tellez, Oswaldo, 357 (22b), 407 (22b), 537 (53), 541 (7), 557 (42), 585 (53), 602 (42), 624 (36). Templeton, Bonnie C., 564 (72). Terry, 1413 (50). Tessmann, G., 3123 (5), 3740 (5), 4322 (6l-type), 5239 (59). Thakurkup Chand, 2933 (8), 7219 (12), 8173 (12). Thanikaimoni, G. T., 1181 (96), 1191 (13), 1301 (8), 1304 (1), res, (13)264328 (13), 1329. (10). Thomas, 42 (78), 1894 (78), 1986 (95), 2400 (79), 6865 (79), 8608 (79). Thomas, J. H., 7863 (24). Thomber, 293 (24). Thomerson, A.C.B., 789 (77). Thompson, 4 (95), 36 (78). Thorne, 40491 (22b). Thorp, E., 59824 (94), s.n. (10/17-72) (94). Thurber, 371 (24), 719 (24). auutston, Hs Bs 7374 (99): Tillett, S. S., 637-147 (14). Toledo, V. M., 306 (31). Tonduz, 223 (34), 4804 (50), 6781 (50), 8115 (50), 9715 (44), 10050 (50), 10125 (53), 10896 (45), 12805 (50), 13926 (53). Toro, 47 (€53),)834 (15), 1082 (15). Torralbas, 267 (22a). Torre; A. R., 522: (95), 523° (72); 3188) (72), 3545 (95). Torres, A. M., 2081 (1). Torres, Barbara, 349 (52). Toumey, 5 (24). Toussaint, L., 2495 (89). Townsend, a-9 (33). Tracey,¢J..G.5 3353. (96). Tresling, 340 (59). Triana, J. J., 4334/6667 (15). Trigos, Refugio Cedillo, 3 (52). 298 P ALY. Tide O68 oh Vol. 1, No. Teints. 2:2, 852) 016). Tristan, F., 824 (44). TOLL « Cas 229 C220), S568 (25). Troupin, G., 4183 (95), 4962 (95), 8426 (95). Troupin, H. G., 2788 (95). Trujillo, Leg, dee .(1972).+¢3).. Tucker, 799 (53). Turckheim, von, 4092 (31). Turner, 173 (80). Turner, F.A.S., 16 (72). Turner, Marshall, 150 (62). Tutin, C.E.G., 43 (93). Tuyama, T., sen. (8/28-1939) (96). Tyrer, 890 (95). Tyson, 1053 (94). Tyson, Edwin L., 872 (41), 1447 (50), 5823 (41), 6261 (2). Ugent, D., 1700 (14), 1713 (14), 1742 (14), 6127 (14), Uhde, 1307 (20), 1308 (14). Ule, E.H.G., 6300 (5-type), 7044 (102), 9408 (6), 9468 (6). Underwood, 743 (53). Uribe-Uribe, Lorenzo, 502 (7), 544 (1), 668 (54), 729 (34), 1376 (15), 1462 (€50) . Valerio, Juvenal, 1861 (49). Valerio, Manuel, 473 (50). Vanderyst, 15238 (84), 16193 (84), 17151 (84). Vargas, C., 484 (15), 2801 (15), 14051 (54), 15537 (5), Vaughan, 391 (91). Vaughan, J., 623 (53). Vazquez, Brigada, 365 (30), 577 (52). Veloso, .G., 2. (102), 3.46). Ventura, A., 2462 (14). Venturi, Santiago, 281 (4), 3889 (3), 5040 (4), 5589 (4). Verdcourt, B., 2089 (108a), 2367 (104), 2819 (80), 4902 (99). Viereck, 754 (22b). Vigne, C., 210 (81), 944 (81), 1014 (81), 1127 (88), 1183 (88), 2781 (81), 3508 (81), 4321 (81). Virlet, 1100 (22b). VoouL, Peter C., 323 (102). Volosen, Rick, 2 (22a). Voorhoeve, 1258 (81). Wagner, 463 (1). Wallace, 461 (37). Wallace, G. B., 238 (95), 1206 (95). Ward, 2688 (94), 3014 (71). Ward, Kingdon F., 20724 (10). Warnecke, 0., 21,(79),; 330. (95) « Waterfall, U. T., 13537 (19), 16438 (14). Wawra, 2562 (16). 1979 Krukoff, Notes on Erythrina 299 Webb, 1529 (80). Webb., L. J., 3021 (96). Weber, L. Z., 1070 (99). Weberbauer, A., 1249 (5), 1349 (54), 3299 (15). Webster, G. L., 11364 (20), 15324 (21), 16663 (15). Weddell, H. A., 3464b (4). Wedel, H., von, 578 (58), 1196 (58), 1766 (50). Weintraub, 148 (20). Welch, 124 (95). Wells, 2144 (73). Welwitsch, F., 2229 (95), 2230 (95), 2231 (95). Wendehake, Corina, 28 (53). Werdermann, E., 1226 (74), 1600 (74), 1934 (73), 2150 (5), 2460 (4). West, H-8 (20), C-17 (20). West, 0., 133 (73), 3276 (84), 3451 (94), 3540 (95). Westcott, 210 (49). Westphal, E., 1896 (72), 3150 (77). Wheatley, C. E., sen. (9/11-1934) (99). Whistler, Art., 571 (13), 618 (I). White, C. T., 9026 (71), 10123 (96). White, F., 652 (95), 1108 (95), 2994 (72), 3027 (95), 3247 (95), 3422 (95). White, G., 41 (41). White, 0. E., 529 (5). White, S., 270 (24), 379 (24), 507 (24), 2761 (24), 2813 (24), 3126 (24), 4097 (24). Wickens, G. E., 54 (95), 1561 (93), 1673 (93), 1823 (93). Wiggins, Ira L., 187 (102), 1354 (24), 5574 (24), 7354 (24), 10883. (15), 11061 (15), 13352 (22b), 18735 (102). Wilbur, 1373 (28b). Wilbur, R. L., 11169 (1). Wilcox, T. E., sen. (6/1892) (24-type). Wild, H., 1178 (95), 1499 (72), 2017 (95), 2152 (72), 4343 (72), 4417 (72), 44827 (72), 44888 (72). Wilde-Duyfjes, 2582 (93). Wilde, W.J.J.0., de, 6669 (95), 9884 (77). Wilkes, Paget, 0103 (95). Willan, 2 (95), 30 (95). Williams, G. R., 40 (79), 353 (104). Williams, Ll. 4178 (15), 4767 (5), 4996 (5), 7782 (54), 12471 (62). Williams, Louis 0., 8802 (31), 8955 (31), 9554 (31), 12809 (43), 13723 (43), 14511 (49), 14926 (53), 17451 (43), 17831 (35), 22026 (36), 23670 (49), 24801 (1), 26239 (46), 26627 (49), 28762 (50), 40260 (39), 40396 (43), 42252 (49), 42946 (53). Williams, R. S., 372 (53), 749 (50), 782 (50), 1500 (5). Wilms, 398 (74). Wilsony Pa 5:352 »€35)5,373 (35). 300 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. Winkler, 646 (80). Winkworth, R. E., s.n. (8/3-55) (99). Winter, B., de, 395 (72), 3221 (85), 3745 (83), 3927 (83). Witte, de, 2901 (95), 2956 (95), 4492 (95). Wolf, 2500 (24). Womersley, J. C., NGF 12370 (1), 24979 (1). Wonderly, W. L., 62 (29). Wood, J. Medley, 1001d (72), 4076 (74). Woodson, R. E.,)Jr., 151 (53), 284 (41), 295 (41), (75) Gia, 1930 (58). Woodworth, 155 (64a). Woodworth, 311 (50). Woolston, 891 (2). Worthington, 1790 (7), 2724 (7). Woytkowski, Felix, 6239 (7), 6777 (102), 6972 (15), 6975 (15), 7354: (25), 8146 15). Wright, J., 1183 (69), 2347 (103). Wukui, K., 1 (95). Yale Ser., 3327 (31). Young, Dent., 66 (79), 839 (95). Yuncker, T. G., 4515 (35), 4779 (35), 5660 (53), 6291 (49), 8383 (35), 17899 (7), 18024 (64a). Zeyher, C.L.P., 531 (74-type). Zimmer, 92 (72), 211 (95). Zollinger, H., 1440 (96). BOOK REVIEWS Alma L. Moldenke “GENERA OF THE EASTERN PLANIS" Third Edition by Wade T. Bateson, 203 pp. & hundreds of b/w line drawings. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N. Y. 10016. $5.50 paperbound. The earlier editions of this work were entitled "A Guide to the Genera of Native and Commonly Introduced Ferns and Seed Plants of Eastern North America from the Atlantic to the Great Plains, from Key West - Southern Texas into the Arctic". This book is compactly printed, pocket-sized and copiously illustrated with small sketches illustrating critical characters indicated in ef- ficiently operating keys to the "1591 genera that make up the outdoor flora of this geographic region", The author has long championed this approach in teaching field botany courses with reference to subgeneric taxa "later at home or in the library or laboratory or by reference to some large volume one may be able to identify the particular species". About half of the genera in any region tend to by monospecific, anyhow. The generic name Clerodendrum is misspelled differently on p. 145 and p. 146. "MODES OF ACTION OF HERBICIDES" by Floyd M. Ashton & Alden S. Crafts, vi & 50h pp., 81 b/w fig. & 62 tab. Wiley - Inter- science Publication of John Wiley & Sons, London, Sydney, Toronto & New York, N. Y. 10016. 1973. $3.00. Since the annual losses and costs of control for U.S. agri- cultural weeds exceeds that of either insect pests or diseases, and since 120 million dollars were spent in 1965 on herbicides and more in subsequent years, these labor=—saving chemicals are of great importance. They are mostly organic compounds (ca. 150) in foliar or soil sprays that usually break down into innocuous chen- icals. "Those that present a hazard to human health or to the safety of the environment must be recognized and handled in such a way as to render them harmless", For aliphatics, benzoics, carbamates, nitrites, phenols, tria- zines and several other types the following information is given in each of the 22 chapters of the book: growth and plant struc- ture, common and chemical names and structure, absorption and translocation, molecular fate, biochemical responses and mode of action. This book therefore becomes a practical handbook and reference source for weed science specialists and an excellent text for advanced courses in agriculture, agronomy and weed science, 301 302 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. "THE HAWAI'I GARDEN TROPICAL SHRUBS", text by Horace F. Clay & James C. Hubbard, photographs by Rick Golt, xv & 295 pp., 103 full color plates. University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96825. 1977. $35.00. The preface presents this most attractive book as a harbinger "of a planned sixteen-volume series intended to serve as a guide for all Hawai'i's gardeners to the cultivation and enjoyment of the Islands' ornamental plants". There are 103 plates, not in the "whole plant style but in an interpretive, symbolic, artis- tic manner.....but true to the nature of the plant". I can al= most feel the texture by looking at them! They are truly beauti- ful. The plants are grouped by families about which general horti= cultural statements are made. For the plants illustrated there are given the scientific and common names and their derivations, descriptions, habit of growth, growing conditions, uses, propaga= tion methods, diseases and pests, pruning, fertilizing and any disadvantages. In the Verbenaceae the following corrections should be noted: the correct name now used for Clerodendrum buchanani var. fallax is C. speciosissimum, for C. nutans (of gardens) is C. wallichii, and for Vitex ovata is V. trifo trifolia var. simplicifolia. In the horticultural al trade the plants may still be found under either name. The text describes correctly the "violet" fruit of Callicarpa anericana (they are drupes, not "berries") but the matching plate erroneously depicts them as rose-red. "THE HAWAI'I GARDEN TROPICAL EXOTICS", text by Horace F. Clay & James C. Hubbard, photographs by Rick Golt, xv & 267 pp., 109 full color plates. University Press of Hawaii, Honolu- lu, Hawaii 96825. 1977. $35.00. "TROPICAL EXOTICS" was published simultaneously with "TROPICAL SHRUBS" in this 16-volume series planned "to help the plant lover and amateur gardener to know, use, and care for the beautiful, unusual, or merely interesting plants that are at his disposal in modern Hawai'i", including native ones, introductions from so many places, locally derived new varieties, hybrids, etc. Excel- lent sources were consulted. Tribute is paid to the work of "Hawai'i's renowned botanists — men like Joseph F. Rock, Harold St. John, and Otto Degener". As in the other volume, the ex- plained caution appears: "Do not eat or taste any part of any un- familiar plants". The plants illustrated so effectively in large color plates are monocots. The text for each covers carefully the same topics as in the preceeding volume. There is added an appendix on in= sect pests and plant diseases and another on plant propagation. This is also a beautiful publication, 1979 Moldenke, Book reviews 303 "MATHEMATICAL ECOLOGY" 2nd Edition by E. C. Pielou, x & 385 pp., 53 b/w fig. & 9 tab. Wiley-Interscience Publication, John Wiley & Sons, London, Sydney, Toronto, & New York, N. Y. 10016. 1977. $20.75. If you are familiar with the careful way in which the first edition of this work — entitled "An Introduction to Mathematical Ecology" — was presented you will expect much of this second edition and will not be disappointed. "The topics are compart- mentalized into the same chapters.....[and] it describes new work that I believe exemplifies the approach to ecological problems most likely to yield satisfying results: that of perceiving the many clues to ecological processes that straightforward observa- tion of real ecosystems affords, and interpreting these clues". The usefulness of models in theoretical ecology "consists in not answering questions but in raising them. Models can be used to inspire field investigations and these are the only source of new knewledge as opposed to new speculation." The text is planned for a graduate course, possibly the best in its field. "THESAURUS OF ENTOMOLOGY" by Richard H. Foote, x«cxi & 188 pp. Entomological Society of America, College Park, Maryland 2070. 1977. Paperbound. This production is a sensible adventurer into the field of organizing, indexing and information=retrieval for the individual entomologist or worker in related fields as well as for the com puter planned for large scale use in a department of agriculture or an abstracting service. The two main sections are (1) hierar- chial with 1) major subject matter parts for about 9,000 terms followed by formalized cross-references and "Latin names of all insect and mite families likely to be used for indexing purposes" and (2) alphabetical with all broader and narrower terms with use cross-references. There are 3=—column entries, neat, well arranged but with such small print, almost like that on labels pinned with insect specimens. Other biological sciences could build upon this start to help standardize the meanings of common terms for computerization, "WATER — The Web of Life" by Cynthia A. Hunt & Robert M. Gar- rels, 208 pp., 6 b/w fig. W. W. Norton & Co., Inc., New York, N. Y. 10036. 1972. $2.25 paperbound. Presented for the "general reader" so that emphasis can be on world-wide water supplies and problems rather than on the local- ized items featured disproportionately by the news media. "The book develops the basic physical principles governing the behav- ior of water with a minimum of technical material....and [shows] 30h, PHYTOLOGIA Vol. h1, No. how political, technical and economic factors will be critical in the water supply situation of tomorrow....which will require the complete management of water." Local public and school libraries could use this book to advantage. "BIOLOGY OF BRACKISH WATER" 2nd Revised Edition by Adolf Remane & Carl Schlieper, x & 372 pp., 165 b/w fig., 50 tab. & fold- in charts. E. Schweizerbar'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung (Nu&gele u. Obermiller, Stuttgart) & Wiley-Interscience Division of John Wiley & Sons, Inc., London, Toronto, Sydney & New York, N. Y. 10016. 1971 [1972]. $21.75. This is a completely revised, modernized and enlarged English translation of "Biologie des Brackwassers" in Die Binnengewdsser, volume 22 (1958) and appears as volume 25 of this series. The authors have spent their professional lifetimes in laboratories in Kiel on the Baltic shores. Part I, by the first author, deals with the ecology of brackish water, its special features, as an area of colonization of fresh-water and marine organisms, biotopes and types of brackish water. Part II, by the second author, deals with physiology and therefor salinity, osmotic and ionic responses, food, oxygen and temperature requirements. Each paper carries very full bibliographies. A few ordinary words in the text are misspelled by some type—- setter and/or were overlooked by some proofreader for whom English is not the first language. "McGRAW—HILL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES" edited by Daniel N. Lapedes et al., iv & 915 pp., 890 b/w illus. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, N. Y. 10020. 1978. $29 250 @ The concise, clearly written, well illustrated and mostly signed articles in "this encyclopedia provide a comprehensive treatment of the geological sciences, including geology, geo- chemistry, geophysics, and those aspects of oceanography and meteorology which are essential to understanding the materials, processes, composition, and physical characteristics of the sol= id part of the Earth", There are 560 articles and 5,500 entries cross-referenced through an analytical index. There is also a long table listing the properties of 1,500 minerals from anthoi- nite to zunyite with chemical formulas, crystallography classifi- cation, hardness rating on the Moh scale and specific gravity. Virtually needless to record is the obvious fact that this book will prove of valuable use to teachers, students and workers in the above-mentioned fields, but it can be even more useful to folks in related fields with their related questions. / PHYTOLOGIA Designed to expedite botanical publication Vol. 41 February 1979 No. 5 CONTENTS ST. JOHN, H., A new Stenogyne (Labiatae). Hawiian plant studies 84... 305 ENGEL, J. J., Austral Hepaticae XI. Lophocoleaceae: New taxa, new combinations and realignments.) 350. 2 he ee BBO 309 WUNDERLIN, R. P., Notes on Spermacoce and Mitracarpus (Rubiaceae) me pouiheasterm United Staessen Ge ee cae ea hen 313 OSORIO, H. S., Contribution to the lichen flora of Uruguay. X. PAS OMOTIICUL MOLES F178 ed oe GALAN See TOR Whe ns 317 ySCHMIDT, D. J., Diatoms as water quality indicators: Part II......... 321 DEGENER, O., & DEGENER, I., A. I. Galushko, “Flora of the INGOEIRETA CAUCISHS 2 FEVICW. 8 ok eo SOE a ee aa a27 JIMENEZ, A., J. de J., New combinations in genus Chionanthus L. (Oleaceae) from the island of Santo Domingo (Hispaniola)... 328 SMITH, L. B., & READ, R. W., Notes on Bromeliaceae, XL ......... 329 MOLDENKE, H. N., Notes on new and noteworthy plants. CXX ...... 346 FOSBERG, F. R., The woody Rubiaceae of Aldabra Island RAVITIEEICOMINS 2 2 828 ere ere aS un Bic Gwar e eka er akg 347 FOSBERG, F. R., Callicarpa erioclona Schauer (sensu stricto) ........ 363 MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the genus Verbena. XXIX .... 366 PEARSE, At La BOOK FEMIOWE 25. ho a) be els De is Be 7 Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 303 Parkside Road Plainfield, New Jersey 07060 oa USS.A. } Price of this number $1.50; per volume $10.00 in advance of $11.00 after close of the volume; $2.00 extra to all foreign addresses; 512 pages constitute a full volume; claims for numbers lost in the mails must be made immediately after receipt of the next following number. ‘f A NEW STENOGYNE (LABIATAE) HAWAIIAN PLANT STUDIES 84 Harold St. John Bishop Museum, Box 6037, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96818, USA There are two large genera of Labiatae Native to the Hawaiian Islands, Phyllostegia, and Stenogyne. In the latter a new species has now been discovered at Pohakuloa on the island of Hawaii. This area lies in the saddle between the two high volcanoes, Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa. It is an area of low rainfall on rough, ancient lava flows. The plant cover is mostly low scrub or forest, the latter mostly in "kipukas," Or islands of older landsurrounded by the newer lava flows. It is evident that the vegetation here has never been lush, and it has suffered from the grazing of feral goats and from military manouvers and canon fire, for it is now a military training area. The new Stenogyne was foundin a single fissure in the lava in a forested "kipuka," and there it is partially protected from the destructive agents that are decimating the flora of the area. Stenogyne pohakuloaensis sp. nov. (sect. Microphyllae) Pag 7 a Diagnosis Holotypi: Liana suffrutescens diffuse ramosa est, ramulis lateralibus brevibus foliosis et floriferis 0.3-1 mm diametro quadratis cum 4 angulis rotundatis valleculis interpositis anguste U-formatis sparse albo-pilosulis tarde subglabratis, internodis 7-75 mm longis, nodis paullo incrassatis et pilosulo-cinctis, cicatricibus foliorum 0.8-1 mm latis lunatis elevatis badiis, petiolis 3-7 mm longis in 2 marginibus superis pilosulo-ciliatis, laminis ramae principali 25-27 mm longis 6-8 mm latis anguste lanceolatis crenatis, laminis ramularum lateralium 8-22 mm longis 5-11 mm latis subcoriaceis glabris ellipticis apice obtuso basi breve cuneata marginibus crenatis supra viridibus et nervis impressis infra viridibus et nervis elevatis nervis secundariis 3 in dimidio quoque curvatis adscendentibus, floribus 2 in 2-3 nodis superis foliosis ramularum lateralium, bracteis 1.5 mm longis linearibus sparse pilosulis, pedicellis 2-2.5 mm longis pilosulis, calycibus in flore 5.5-7 mm longis viridibus campanulatis in 10 nervis hirsutulis tubo 3 mm longo labia supera 3.5-4 mm longa cum 3 lobis 1.5 mm longis ovatis, labia infera 1.5-1.8 mm longa cum 2 lobis ovatis acutis, corollis 13-14 mm longis in basi 0.8 mm diametro 305 306 PUYT ORO Iu Vol. 1, No. 5 sursum majoribus et in fauce 3 mm diametro extra minute puberulis licet spuma lacto-coloratis, labia supera 5 mm longa elliptica, labia infera 2.5 mm longa 3-lobata, lobis lateralibus 2.8 mm longis latisque oblique ovatis acutis, loba infera 2.8 mm longa 2.5 mm lata ovata, filamentis ad labiam superam aequantibus et per 10 mm cum tubo Corollae adnatis apicibus liberis 3.3 mm longis glabris, antheris 1.2 mm longis ellipsoideis dimidiatis, ovario 0.8 mm longo glabro, stylo 6 mm longo glabro, 2 stigmatibus 0.3 mm longis subulatis divergentibus, (fructibus{incognitis) . Diagnosis of Holotype: Suffrutescent vine, diffusely branched, and leafy and floriferous on short lateral branchlets; leafy branchlets 0.3-1 mm in diameter, square, with 4 rounded angles and narrow U-shaped intervening valleys, sparsely white pilosulous, later subglabrate; internodes 7-75 mm long; nodes slightly enlarged, and with a pilosulous ring; leaf scars 0.8-1 mm wide, lunate, elevated, brown; petioles 3-7 mm long, pilosulous ciliate on the 2 upper rims; blades of main branch 25-27 mm long, 6-8 mm wide, narrowly lanceolate, crenate; blades of lateral branchlets 8-22 mm long, 5-11 mm wide; subcoriaceous, glab- rous, elliptic, the apex obtuse, the base shortly Cuneate, the margins crenate, above green, and with impressed veins, below green and with elevated veins, secondary veins 3 in each half, curved ascending; flowers at the 2-3 upper leafy nodes of lateral branchlets, 2 at a node; bracts 1.5 mm long, linear, sparsely pilosulous; pedicels 2-2.5 mm long, pilosulous; calyx in flower 5.5-7 mm long, green, campanulate, hirsutulous on the 10 nerves, the tube 3 mm long, the upper lip 3.5-4 mm long, with 3 lobes 1.5 mm long, ovate, the lower lip 1.5-1.8 mm long, the 2 lobes ovate, acute; corolla 13-14 mm long, 0.8 mm in diameter at base, enlarging gradually and 3 mm in diameter at the throat, minutely puberulous without, apparently cream-colored, the upper lip 5 mm long, elliptic, the lower lip 2.5 mm long, 3-lobed; lateral lobes 2.8 mm long and wide, obliquely Ovate, acute; filaments about equaling the upper lip, adnate to the corolla tube for 10 mm, the free tips3.3 mm long, glabrous; anthers 1.2 mm long, the cells ellipsoid, dimidiate; ovary 0.8 mm long, glabrous; style 6 mm long, glabrous; 2 stigmas 0.3 mm long, subulate, diverging; (fruit unknown). 1979 St. John, A new Stenogyne 307 Holotypus: Hawaiian Islands, Hawaii Island, Pohakuloa Training Area, New Bobcat Trail, 5,200 fet elev., Pahoehoe Kipuka, with open scrub Metrosideros and Santalum forest, near Wikstroemia and Myrsine lanaiensis, in dense shade in deep lava crack, 8 Jan. 1977, C. H. Lamoureux 4,966 (BISH). Specimens Examined: Hawaiian Islands, Hawaii Island, same locality and data, F. R. Warshauer 794 (BISH). Discussion: S. pohakuloaensis is evidently most closely related to S. scandens Sherff, of the island of Hawaii, a species with the flowers 6 at a node; calyx 6-8 mm long in flower, puberulent above, scarcely so at base, the tube 4-5 mm long, the lobes lanceolate; corolla 18 mm long, ascending pilosulous without, the lower lip 5 mm long; style 24 mm long; and the blades 22-36 mm long, 11-20 mm wide, pilosulous below. S. pohakuloaensis has the flowers 2 at a node; calyx 5.5-7 mm long in flower, hirsutulous on the 10 nerves, the tube 3 mm long, the lobes ovate; corolla 13-14 mm long, minutely puberulous without, lower lip 2.5 mm long; style 6 mm long; and the blades of the lateral branches 8-22 mm long, 5-11 mm wide, glabrous. The new epithet is formed from the name of the type locality, Pohakuloa, and -ensis, the Latin adjectival place suffix. Legend Fig. 1. Stenogyne pohakuloaensis St. John, from Hokolype. a, habit, X 15; b, c, flower, X 3; a, Sfamen, » Ss je, pistil,s x 5. Vol. hi, No. 5 PED OL.0 OT & 308 AUSTRAL HEPATICAE XI. LOPHOCOLEACEAE: NEW TAXA, NEW COMBINATIONS AND REALIGNMENTS* John J. Engel Donald Richards Associate Curator of Bryology, Department of Botany, Field Museum of Natural History, Roosevelt Road at Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605. NEW TAXA AND NEW COMBINATIONS IN CLASMATOCOLEA The following new taxa and new combinations were part of a monographic study of Clasmatocolea; the names are published separately to make them immediately available for use. 1. Clasmatocolea humilis var. polymorpha Engel, var. nov. Amphigastria caulina polymorpha, apices saepe late rotundati ad trun- catos ad retusos, tantum disperse breves atque bifidi; amphigastria caulina uniformiter parva magnitudine plantae, illa in distale parte axis (0.8-)1- 1.3X caulis latitudine. Holotype: Tristan da Cunha, above settlement, 620 m., 21 December 1938 Christophersen & Mejland 52 (0!, isotype - S!). Underleaves polymorphic in shape, the apices often broadly rounded to truncate to retuse, only sporadically short bifid; underleaves uniformly small for plant size, those in distal portion of axis (0.8-)1-1.3X stem width. 2. Clasmatocolea humilis var. suspecta (Mass.) Engel, comb. nov. RRR RRR RNR NR ON RRR NNN NNN Basionym: Lophocolea puccioana var. B suspecta Mass. Nuovo Giorn. Bot. feat. 17s 226, 1885. 3. Clasmatocolea minutiretis Engel & Grolle, sp. nov. Clasmatocoleae humili (Hook. f. & Tayl.) Grolle similis, sed differt 1) amphigastriis deminutis, inconspicuis, 0.35-0.6X caulis latitudine, bifidis ad 0.55-0.7; 2) ramis terminalibus absentibus; 3) oppositis masculis * IT would like to thank Dr. William Beatty for assistance with the Latin diagnoses, and Ann Hollmann for typing the manuscript. 309 — 310 PHRYTOLOGTA Vol. 1, No. & bracteis coalescentibus versus basem; 4) seta 7-8 cellularum diametro, 19- 20 epidermalium serierum; 5) strato parietis externae capsulae cum semian- nularibus incrassatis vittis. Holotype: Chile, Prov. Magallanes, E. shore of Isla Pilot, Engel 4785 (MSC!). Plants brown to pale reddish-brown, the stems a rich red-brown. Bran- ches abundant, the ventral-intercalary type very common, lateral-intercalary occasional, terminal branches absent. Leaves strongly erect, deeply con- chiform concave, the ventral-basal portion appearing billowed out and ex- tending ventrally well beyond stem surface; leaves undivided, the apex and ventral margin with several irregularly sized and spaced, often incurved teeth, the dorsal margin entire. Leaf cells somewhat thick-walled, trigones large to knot-like; cuticle smooth. Underleaves reduced, 0.35-0.6X stem width, narrowly lanceolate to narrowly long triangular, bifid to 0.55-0.7, the segments cilia-like. Plants dioecious; bracts obliterating or nearly so the view of dorsal stem surface, the bracts with saccate portion fused toward base with oppo- site bract. Perianth strongly trigonous, the lobes coarsely armed with Sharp or rounded teeth. Seta 7-8 cells in diameter, with 19-20 rows of outer cells. Capsule wall 3-5 layers thick, the outer layer with red-brown, nodule-like or weakly spine-like thickenings and a few semiannular bands; inner layer with semiannular bands common. 4. Clasmatocolea moniliformis Engel, sp. nov. Plantae rigidae, aureo-brunneae, moniliformes; axes 315-420 yp lati- : tudine. Folia ventralibus cum extremitatibus inserta in caule base amphi- grastrii vel basalibus cellulis amphigastrii laminae. Folia erecta, Sub- Squarrosa, apice indivisa, oblique truncata, lateribus + parallelis; mar- ginibus et apice integris, margine ventrale subauriculato base. Cellulae foliorum parietibus crassis, trigonis magnis, saepe protuberantibus, cu- ticula leve. Amphigastria 4.6-6.7X caulis latitudine, cum parte apicale appressa ad caulem, cucullata, inflata, caulem amplectente; apicalibus indivisis, late rotundatis vel truncatis, integris; laminarum marginibus integris. Holotype: Chile, Prov. Magallanes, E. side of Bahia Borja, Engel 6159 (MSC!). Plants rigid, golden brown, moniliform; axes 315-420 yw wide. Leaves with ventral end inserted on stem at immediate base of underleaf or on basal few cells of underleaf lamina. Leaves erect, subsquarrose, the apex undivided, obliquely truncate, the sides + parallel; margins and apex entire, the ventral margin subauriculate at base. Leaf cells thick-walled, trigones large, often bulging; cuticle smooth. Underleaves 4.6-6.7X stem width, with apical portion appressed to stem, cucullate, inflated, clasping the stem; apices undivided, broadly rounded or truncate, entire; leaf mar- gins entire. 1979 Engel, Austral Hepaticae 351 5. Clasmatocolea navistipula var. parceramosa Engel, var. nov. Ramificatio parce adest, rami terminalibus lateralibus interdum; amphigastria caulina ad 1.7X caulis latitudine. Holotype: Chile, Prov. Magallanes, Brunswick Peninsula, ridge be- tween Bahia Bougainville and Bahia San Nicolas, 9 October 1969, Engel 6425 (MSC!). Branching sparingly developed, terminal lateral branches occasional; underleaves to 1./X stem width. 6. Clasmatocolea obvoluta var. cookiana (Mass.) Engel, comb. nov. ie ede de dae ie ie de de de i ee nN NNN Basionym: Lophocolea cookiana Mass. Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. I. 17: Beets 405 7. 11. 1885. MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION ON THE GENUS LOPHOCOLEA 1. The names Lophocolea austrigena and L. cavispina. Fulford (1976) treated Lophocolea austrigena (Hook. f. & Tayl.) G. L. & N. as a synonym of Lophocolea cavispina, a species which she trans- ferred from Jungermannia. Both these taxa were described as new in Hooker and Taylor (1844), the former from Isla Hermite (Chile, Prov. Magallanes), and the latter from the Falkland Islands. According to Article 57 (Inter- national Code of Botanical Nomenclature, 1972), "The author who first unites taxa bearing names or epithets of the same date has the right to choose one of them, and his choice must be followed." Stephani (1906, p. 56), in his Species Hepaticarum, was the first to unite these species; he used the name Lophocolea austrigena for the combined taxon. Lophocolea austrigena is therefore the correct name. 2. Lophocolea textiloidea Engel, nom. nov. SPORE NR NRN RRERNEINNRENNe Chiloscyphus lucidus Mitt. J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 15: 64. 1877 non C. lucidus (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Nees in G. L. & N., Syn. Hep. 182. 1845. Chilo- Scyphus granditextus Steph. Bull. Herb. Boissier 8: 49. 1907 (= Spec. Hep. 3: 225). CNon Lophocolea granditexta Steph. Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 881. 1906 (= Spec. Hep. 3: ER Type: Tristan da Cunha, Moseley (NY!). Literature Cited Fulford, M. 1976. Manual of the leafy Hepaticae of Latin America. Part IV. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 11: 393-535, pl. 108-159. 312 Perr Le Ly Ora Lk Vol. 1, No. Hooker, J. D., and T. Taylor. 1844. Hepaticae antarcticae; being charact and brief descriptions of the Hepaticae discovered in the southern cil cumpolar regions during the voyage of H. M. Discovery Ships Erebus an Terror. London J. Bot. 3: 366-400, 454-481, 556-582. Stephani, F. 1898-1924. Species Hepaticarum. Geneve & Bale, 6 vols. NOTES ON SPERMACOCE AND MITRACARPUS (RUBIACEAE) IN SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES Richard P. Wunderlin Department of Biology, University of South Florida Tampa, FL 33620 While preparing the Rubiaceae for my forthcoming Flora of Subtropical Florida (a 30 county area extending from Levy, Marion, and Volusia County: south to Lee, Hendry, and Broward County), the genus Spermacoce was investigated in detail, both within and to the south of the manual range. This has resulted in the employment of several names not found in recent manuals. In addition, a species new to the flora of Louisiana was dis- covered. Spermacoce is traditionally distinguished from Borreria on the basis of mericarp dehiscence. Borreria mericarps separate into two one-seeded halves with each half open on the inner surface while those of Spermacoce separate with the central axis remaining attached to one-half and remaining closed and the second half open on the inner surface. This difference does not appear to be significant enough to warrant generic segregation of Borreria from Spermacoce. Thus, with Borrerta congeneric with Spermacoce, the genus consists of five species in penin- sular Florida (Levy, Marion, and Volusia County southward). Key to Species 1. Calyx with 4 subequal teeth; inflorescence in terminal and axillary glomerules well down on the stem. 2. Leaves and stems glabrous or scabrous. 3. Plants annual; fruits 1-2 mm long. 4. Calyx-teeth solid dark-green..... 3. ‘Se, AbeNULOE 4. Calyx-teeth bright-green with conspicuous white HAL PINS. 5.544 o5 ees aes esos 2. S. prostrata 3: ‘Plants. pérenaials fruits, 2. 5-320). mm 10ne, wie. scnsie ns 50 Gis Be Aen ne ame Rimini «is a ne a a ee oo 1. S. assurgens 2. Leaves and stems conspicuously hirsute....... Ae eA eS ae eee y er ee Se ee ae aa eee: tetraquetra 1. Calyx with 2 fee and 2 short teeth; inflorescence in a single dense terminal glomerule or only at upper 1-2 nodes.. a Cee ee ee 2 sah Wenn Ee oweieecivs aa Gs" DEPLETE? rae 1. Spermacoce assurgens Ruiz & Pavon This species occurs in moist areas in pine flatwoods, along the edge of mesic hard- wood hammocks, and waste ground in Florida. It is of frequent occurrence nearly throughout the peninsula as well as throughout subtropical and tropical America. - 313 31h Poa? OL Oo - Vol. 41, No. 5 This plant has been going under the name of Borrerta laevis (Lam.) Griseb. in manuals pertaining to Florida plants (Small, 1933; Long & Lakela, 1976). However, this is a totally dif- ferent species. 2. Spermacoce prostrata Aubl. This species occurs along pond margins, moist areas in pine flatwoods, waste ground, and moist depressions of coastal dunes and sand flats in Florida. It is occasionally encountered in scattered localities nearly throughout the peninsula and is a widely distributed weedy species in the American tropics. This plant is usually in- correctly called Borrerta ocimotdes (Burm. f.) DC. in most floras pertaining to Florida (Small, 1933; Long & Lakela, 1976). Borreria octmoides, however, is a totally different species confined to the Paleotropics. 3. Spermacoce tenutor L. This species occurs in wet areas in pine flatwoods, along margins of ponds, limestone pockets, and waste ground in Florida. Specimens have been seen only from Dade and Monroe Counties in southern Florida. However, it is of frequent occurrence elsewhere in tropical America. Spermacoce keyensts Small (Small, 1933), belongs here. Spermacoce port- ortcensts Balb., reproted by Small (1903) and later suppressed by him under S. keyensts, is actually Hemidiodia ocimtfolta (Willd.) K. Schum., a species not known to occur in Florida. Long (1970) regarded the south Florida material as distinct and proposed the name S. tenutor var. floritdana (Urban) Long. From the material I have examined, it does not appear to be separtable from other S. tenutor from the Caribbean. 4. Spermacoce tetraquetra A. Rich. This species occurs in moist pine flatwoods, along the edge of hammocks, limestone pockets, and waste ground in Florida. Specimens have been seen only from Dade, Monroe, and Collier County. Outside of south Florida, specimens have been seen from Cuba and the Bahamas. Alain (1963) reports it from Bermuda, Jamaica, and Honduras, but no specimens have been seen to confirm this. 5. Spermacoce verttcillata L. This species occurs in pine flatwoods, limestone pockets, and waste ground in Florida. Specimens have been seen from Dade, Collier, Monroe, Palm Beach, and Martin County. It is frequently encountered throughout much of tropical America and also is found in tropical Africa. This species is often placed in Borreria [=Borreria verticillata (L.) Meyer]. Borrerta terminalis Small (Small, 1933; Long & Lakela, 1976) belongs here. Spermacoce confusa Rendle Although no specimens of this species have been seen from Florida, it is to be expected since it is a weedy species common in the Neotropics and Paleotropics. 1979 Wunderlin, Spermacoce and Mitracarpus 315 Several specimens from south Florida identified by other workers as this species have been examined and discovered to be mis- identifications of S. tetraquetra. Mitracarpus hirtus (L.) DC. A weed of waste places in tropical America, this species has previously been reported (as Mitracarpus villosus (Sw.) DC.) as occurring in continental United States (Correll & Johnston, 1970) and central Florida (Ward, 1976). In the course of examining materials of Spermacoce, a previously undetected specimen of M. htrtus from Louisiana was encountered. This apparently represents the first record of it from that state. I choose to follow Nicolson (1977) in using the name Mitracarpus hirtus (L.) DC. rather than Mitracarpus villosus (Sw.) DC. for this taxon. Louisiana: St. Tammany Parish: Waste place along RR, Abita Springs, 3 October 1970. John W. Thteret 32568 (FSU). I wish to acknowledge Drs. Raymond Fosberg and Dan H. Nicolson of the Smithsonian Institution for their assistance. Dr. Fosberg very kindly provided the names of S. assurgens and S. prostrata which are applied to our materials. A detailed study of Spermacoce by Dr. Fosberg will soon be forthcoming and will explain the intricacies of the nomenclature of these species. Dr. Nicolson kindly read the manuscript in its preliminary form and made helpful comments. This research is supported in part by the George R. Cooley Research Fund. LITERATURE CITED ALAIN, H. 1963. Flora de Cuba. Rio Piedras 5: 141-145. CORRELL, D. S., and M. C. JOHNSTON. 1970. Manual of the Vascular Plants of Texas. Texas Research Foundation, Renner. 1881 pp. LONG, R. W. 1970. Additions and nomenclatural changes in the flora of southern Florida. - I. Rhodora 72: 17-46. » and O. LAKELA. 1976. A Flora of Tropical Florida. Miami. 962 pp. NICOLSON, D. H. 1977. Typification of names vs. typification of taxa: Proposals on Article 48 and reconsiderations of Mitra- carpus hirtus vs. M. villosus (Rubiaceae). Taxon 26: 569- 574. SMALL, J. K. 1903. Flora of the Southeastern United States. New York. 1370 pp. 316 PUPTOELOR TS Vol. 1, No. 5 SMALL, J. K. 1933. Manual of the Southeastern Flora. Chapel G1 a piss WARD, D. B. 1976. Mttracarpus (Rubiaceae), a genus new to Florida and eastern North America. Rhodora 78: 674-681. CONTRIBUTION TO THE LICHEN FLORA OF URUGUAY. X. TAXONOMICAL NOTES, Héctor S. Osorio. Departamento de Botanica, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural. Montevideo. URUGUAY. In the present paper we continue with the revision of species reported for Uruguay. We also mention works published subsequently to the issue of our prelimina- ry Catalogue (Osorio 1972) in which some collections from Uruguay are identified again. However in such publications previous names given to these species when originally published have been omitted. Additio- nal collections studies for comparative purposes are included too. Besides the materials collected by the author and pre- serves in his private herbarium, specimens belonging to the following herbaria have been included: Bota- nical Museum, University of Helsinki, Finland (H), Departamento de Botanica, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Montevideo, Uruguay (MVM). Collema leucophthalmum Nyl. TREINTA Y TRES; Vergara, Herter 88809 (H!) (R&s&nen 1942:14). Redetermined as Collema glaucophthalmum Nyl. var. glaucophthalmum (Degelius 1974:169). Additional specimens of C. glaucophthalmum var. glau- cophthalmum examined: DURAZNO: Arroyo El Cordobés, Paso de la Crux, on Sa- Lix, Osorio 2748 ® LAVALLEJA: Highway 8 and Arroyo La Calera, on Salix, Osorio 3619. ROCHA: Castillos, Cerro de los Rocha, on Salix, Osorio 5647.6 TACUAREMBO; Valle Edén, on trees, Osorio 1138. Leptogium menziesii (Smrft.) Mont. LAVALLEJA: Penitente, Herter 87864 (H!) (R&s&nen 1938369). This collection was redetermined as Lepto- gium acutisporum P. M. Jérge (P. M. Jfrgensen 1975:439). Additional specimens of L. acutisporum examined: LAVALLEJA: Abra de Cotto, on bark, Osorio 6474, on Myrtaceae, Osorio 6504. Sif 318 PETT OLDE TA Vol. ll, No. 5 MALDONADO: Pan de Azucar, Parque Municipal, on Ery- thrina crista-galli, Osorio 5054, on Populus nigra, Osorio SO TZ 6 Lobaria crenulata (Hook.) Vain. ROCHA: Arroyo del Alferez, Paso de los Talas, Hosseus 1935 (H!) (Ra&s&nen 1939:126). TERINTA Y TRES;: Vergara, Herter 90813 (H!) (R&sdnen 1942:14). Both collections belong to Lobaria erosa (Eschw.) Trev. Parmelia cristifera Tayl. MALDONADO: Piriapolis, Hosseus 1935 (RdsHnen 1939:126). Duplicatas of this collection were distributed as Lichenotheca parva, ed. Sect. Bot. Mus. Hist. Nat. Hung. no. 71 (Herb. Osorio). It corresponds to Par- motrema cetratum (Ach.) Hale. Parmelia revoluta Floerk. ROCHA: Santa Teresa, Hosseus 48 (RHs&nen 1939:127). Redetermined as Hypotrachyna osorioi (Hale) Hale by Hale (Hale 1975:51.). Additional specimens of H. osorioi examined: LAVALLEJA: Cerro Arequita, on stones, Osorio 39373 Villa Serrana, on stones, Osorio 3835. MALDONADO: Cerro del Toro, on stones, Osorio 4593; Cerro Pan de Azucar, on Dodonea viscoa, Osorio 5035, on stones, Osorio 5037. Parmelia trichotera Hue var. claudelii (Harm.) DR. TACUAREMBO: Valle Edén, Osorio 1174 (Magnusson 1950: 235). Identified by Hale as Parmotrema reticulatum (Tayl.) Choisy. Additional specimens of P. reticulatum examined: CANELONES: La Paz, on stones, Marchesi sen. (MVM 17681) COLONIA: Rio Rosario and Rio de la Plata, on bark, Gortari s.n. (MVM 17418); Punta Gorda, on bark, Mo- nes sen. (MVM17617). FLORIDA: Est. 25 de Agosto, on wooden fence post, Oso- rio 1753, on Melia azedarach, Osorio 4381. MALDONADO: Cerro Pan de Azucar, on stones, Osorio 5023 det. Mie Hale. Parmelia velloziae Vain. MALDONADO; Piriapolis, Cerro del Toro, Osorio 4599 (Osorio 1971:375). Redetermined by Hale as Xantho- 1979 Osorio, Lichen flora of Uruguay 319 parmelia mougeotii (Schaer.) Hale. Parmelia zahlbruckneri Lynge. LAVALLEJA: Abra de Cotto, Osorio 6480 (Osorio 1971: 375). Determined by Hale as Hypotrachyna livida (Tayl.) Hale (Hale 1975:47). Additional specimens of H. livida examined: CERRO LARGO; Arroyo de la Mina, Paso Duraznero, on bark, Ximenez sen. (MVM 17235), det. Hale. MALDONADO: Piriapolis, Cerro del Toro, on stones, Osorio 4590, det. Hale. Phaecographina epruinosa Redgr. MONTEVIDEO: Colén, Herter 1932 (H!); Miguelete, Her- ter 88833 (H!), (R&saénen 1942:13). Both collections belong to Phaeographina grechayale- tae Mill. Arg. Additional specimens of Ph. arechavaletae examined: ARTIGAS: Arrocera Conti, on Peltophorum dubiun, Osorio 7426.6 MONTEVIDEO: Parque Rodo, on Enterolobium contortisi- liquum, Osorio 4877, Parque Tomkinson, on Melia aze- darach, Osorio 7347. SALTO: Salto Chico, on Melia azedarach, Osorio 6661. TACUAREMBO: Valle Edén, on Melia azedarach, Osorio 1133. Physcia aegialita (Ach.) Nyl. ARTIGAS: Arrocera Conti, Lage de Ximenez s.n. (MVM 17137 & 17139) (Osorio 19703343). Redetermined as Dirinaria confluens (Fr.) Awasthi. Additional specimens of D. confluens examined: COLONIA: Nueva Palmira, Arroyo Sauce, on Rapanea lae- tevirens, Osorio 4837. Physcia picta (Sw.) Nyl. SALTO: Paso Yacaré, Osorio 5791, 5799 (Osorio 1970a:2) SAN JOSE: B. Pascual, Herter 87422 (Osorio 196736). All collections were redetermined as Dirinaria appla- nata (Fée) Awasthi. Additional specimens of D. applanata examined: ARTIGAS: Estancia El Tigre, on Myrtaceae, Osorio 7237. LAVALLEJA: Minas, Parque Salus, on Eucalyptus, 0so- rio 4951. SALTO: Pirotto, on bark, Osorio 6741. 320 PETTOLOG ISA Vol. 41, No. 5 Acknowledgments: to Dr. M. E. Hale, Jr. for help in many WaySe LITERATURE CITED. Degelius, G. 1974. The lichen genus Collema with special reference to extra-european species. Symb. Bot. Ups. 20(2):1-215. Hale, i. Ee Jre 1975. A revision of the lichen ge- nus Hypotrachyna (Parmeliaceae) in tropical Ame- ricae Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 25:1-73. Jérgensem, Pe Me 1975. Contribution to a monograph of the Mallotium—-hairy Leptogium species. Her- zogia 3:433-460. Magnusson, Ae He 1950. lLichens from Uruguay. Medd. GOteborgs Bot. Trddg. 18: 213-237. Osorio, He Se. 1967. Contribution to the lichen flo- ra of Uruguay. III. Some additional new localities. Comun. Bot. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo 4(46):1-16. e 1970. Contribution to the lichen flora of Uruguay. IV. Some lichen from Northern Uruguay. Nova Hedwigia 19:339-344. e 1970a. Contribution to the lichen flora of Uruguay. V. Lichens from Paso Yacaré, Salto county. Comunic. Bot. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo 4(52):1-2. e 1971. Contribution to the lichen flora of Uruguay. VI. New rocords. The Bryolo- gist 74:3756 e 1972. Contribution to the lichen flora of Uruguay. VII. A preliminary Catalogue. Comun. Bot. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo 4(56)1=-46. Rasanen, Ve 1938. Beitr&ge zur Flechtenflora Stid- amerikas. Reve S. Am. Bot. (Montevideo) 5(3-4): 65=726 « 1939. lLichenes uruguayenses a prof. C. C. Hosseus collecti. I. Borbasia 1(8): 124-136. - 1942. Beitra&ge zur Flechtenflora Stidamerikas. II. Uruguaysche Flechten gesammelt von Dr. Phil. W. G. Herter mit Berticksichtigung einiger Funde aus Paraguay. Rev. S. Am. Bote (Montevideo) 7(1):12-16. DIATOMS AS WATER QUALITY INDICATORS: Part II Donald J. Schmidt, Biology Department, Fitchburg State College, Fitchburg, MA 01420. Julia K. Hichman, Virology Vepartment, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Iowa. C.L. christensen, Biology Department, Iowa Central College, Webster City, Iowa. Abstract: Part I of this study was conducted during the 1967-74 period and was reported in PHYTOLOGICA, Vol 30, #5, 1975. At that time a comparison was made between the diatom flora of three clean feeder streams and the hignly polluted Nashua River. Five diatom species collected in the highly polluted river were considered potentially useful as water quality indicators. The present study was conducted during the 1975-78 time period, this follows the construction of two multimillion dollar waste water treatment plants designed to "clean-up" the Nashua River at Fitchburg, Massachusetts. ‘The treatment plants are now in operation and although not operating at 100% efficiency at this time, a noticeable improvement in the appearance of the Nashua River has taken place. The purpose of this study is to report changes in the diatom flora since the original study and contin- ue the evaluation of diatoms as water quality indicators. The Study Area: ‘lhe Nashua River is a tributary of the Merrimack River located in central New England. The Nashua drains an area of 1170 km@ in the North Worcester County area of central Massachusetts and 224% km@ in the south central area of New Hampshire. The overall gradient of the river is shallow, dropping 158m over its 8km length. The bedrock of the study area is composed of granite (and related igneous rocks) and meta- morphic rocks such as shist and gneiss. The surface geology is a complex of weathered bedrock and glacial deposits including gand and gravel deposits in the form of outwash, eskers and drumlins. More than 75% of the basin is covered with second- growth mixed coniferous—hardwood forest. The above factors contribute to an overall acidic nature of the water in this -pegion. The specific study area is the north branch of the Nashua River which has five small feeder streams that arise in the foothills of the 600km Wachusett Range. These streams are rather clean and are not considered polluted and provide good trout fishing waters. As the feeder streams combine to form the Nashua River at Fitchburg, Massachusetts the water is utilized by a large number and wide variety of industries including paper mills, plastic and metal finishing factories. In 1976, two multimillion dollar waste water treatment plants were completed and put into operation, thus the domestic and industrial waste of the city of Fitchburg (pop. 40,000) is removed from the river. The study design allows for the comparison of diatoms collected from 3 clean feeder streams named Phillips Brook, Whittman River, and Old Mill Brook; with the diatoms collected from the Nashua 321 322 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. 5 River at a site located south of the city of Fitchburg where Massachusetts Highway Route #2 crosses the river. Methods: Routine chemical and physical examination of the water has been made over the four year period from 1975-78. A Hach Engineers Portable water Testing Laboratory (Model Dr-21) was used. The Millivore filter coliform technique was used for bacteria study. The five day, 20C B.0.D. technique was used for Biological Oxygen Demand data. The chemical and ohysical data vary with season, time of day and water levels. Due to some technical problems with the operation of the waste water treat- ment plants, the chemical load of the Nashua River is not con- stant and at time some domestic and industrial pollutants are introduced into the river for short periods of time. Diatom collections were made at the three feeder stream sites and at the Nashua River site. Rock and plant scrapings were made along with diatometer samples. Diatometer slides were collected after being suspended in the water for a veriod of 7 days. Diatoms were "cleaned" by using the hydrogen-pveroxide/ notassium-dichromate method. The cleaned material was placed on #1 cover slips and mounted in Hyrax on microscope slides for study under oil immersion. The following srecies list is based upon 500-800 diatom counts per slide and are expected to repre- sent at least 80% of the taxa present. Table 1. Diatom Species Collected (1975-78) Numbers indicate % of total population. + indicates that the species was present but not counted in detail. - indicates not vresent in this study. * indicates organic pollution indicator taxa from other studies. #3-Whittman R, #4=Phillips Brk. 1975-78 study sites revorted , | | A ‘ __in 1967-74 study Aenanthes affinis-affinis {1.011.7'0.91 - 6 Oe Me A. clevei-clevei * = (0.3 0.4 | + | not reported 4. elevei-rostrata | - '0.6: - | = | not revorted A. exigua-contucta | 4+ [-ie- - | not reoorted A. exigua-heterovalvata | + Yo.4! + ' + ' not reported A. hungerica-hungarica | - 19.510.5)0.8 1 A. lanceolata-lanceolata t= $0.7: + .329 2 A, lanceolata-dubia ! - |0.5.0.3: - : not recorted A. lanceolata-lanceolatoides | + 0.5! + 0.4 3,4 A. linearis-pusilla ,O.5' + .1.5: not revorted | A, minutissima-minutissima «| t Amphipleura pellucida-pellucida_| + 0.3 = . not renorted Amphora ovalis-affinis i =! Asterionella formosa-formosa (ike Caloneis amvhisbaema-amphisbaema - 0.4 - + 1,2,3,4 he Pe fF | | | ++ ' = | not peperted a 1979 Schmidt, Eichman, & Christensen, Diatoms 323 #3=Whittman 2. #4=Phillins Br-73k |3 7 sites reserted | in 1067-74 stud 1=Nashua River Caloneis bacillum bacillum 10.512.8!2. Soeeoneis placentula vl2 nt pee + 10.9 z placentula euglypta 2.0!4.316.8/9. 2,3,4 Cc. placentula lineata iz 17 -5|4.2| 30.7 C. pediculus pediculus - 10.6 ans not reported Cyclotella glomerata jitdiicinnrk A | - (0,410.4) - | 2 C. meneghiniana meneghiniana (0.5/5.1\)1.3/1.0 Lice C. stelligara stelligara* '0.8 $.3|0.8'1.8 2,3,4 Svmbella aspera aspera = | + (1,5) 2.3,4 C. cuspidata cuspidata P~|=-j>!] + not revorted Cc. minuta minuta# - |0.9!0.8 0.5 not reported Sc. microcephala microcephala §- 90.5' -) - not rerorted cS. naviculiformis naviculiformis- - '0 C | \0- - not rervorted C. triangulum triangulum po- | = | = }0.4 not reported C. tumida tumida - | + + not renorted ee Cc. turgida turgida | + reported Diatoma anceps anceps 1+ Pom 11.0] =°7 4 D. vulgare vulgare* bes puter oc! Leh aoe not recorted Bunotia arcus arcus f= | + |1.3!} = 1,2 =. curvata curvata* | - |0.7)2.5; + 1,2,3)4 =. diodon diodon Siew De Sh bth le 4 BE. fallax fallax -}|=-=jf+)]- # =. monodon monodon - |1.4:2.3/0.8 2,3,4 =, pectinalis pectinalis* # \O7PeLee t= 2 x, pectinalis minor + 0.4/0.9 + Lyey =. serra serra -- i -]+ - not reported =. tridentula perminuta io foe | = es 2 Fragilaria brevistriata * - }4.2) = | - |] not re vorted F, construens construens* Rete SP Pee a 2,4 F, crotonencis crotonensis* + |0.7!3.0 - 135 F, pinnata vinnata* f - |1.1/] = + 3,4 F. vaucheriae vaucheriae* » = 9.60.5 - 1,2,4 F, virescens virescens t+ 1 = jO.4| = 2,3,4 F, virescens capitata l= 0.9/0.4 ~ not revorted Frustulia rhomboides pis Oe 10, GH 4 F, rhomboides saxonica EBC ae 2,3,4 F, rhomboides viridula : - oO. | oo ite F, vulgaris capitata [=~ |3-li- |---| not reported Go 1} 2,2 G. angustatum sarcophagus 1.50. 2 G. constrictum capetata * b—- O41 - + 4 G. cumrhis cumrhis a Lee not reported G. parvulum parvulum 1.5/5.3 | 125% G. parvulum microvus i- 10.9} iL cel not revorted G. tenellum tenellum bee tosh Saher | not revorted not revorted O.4 = not revorted b 6 Q ° Sphaerophorum sphaerophorum| - 25 G, truncatum turgiatum 32h #1=Nashua_ River fe= Melosira distans alpigena M. distans distans M. granulata angustissima M. varians varians Meridion circulare circulare Navicula amphibola amphibola N. N. N. N. anglica anglica cuspidata cuspidata * dicephala rostrata lanceolata lanceolata* minima minima* mutica mutica placenta placenta pupula pupula * pupula elliptica pupula rectangularis rhynchocephala * viridula angunesis viridula linearis Neidium affine affine N. temperie temperie Nitzschia amphibia amphibia* capitellata capitellata commutata commutata communis communis* dissipata dissipata* filiformis filiformis linearis linearis * palea palea* sigma sigma thermalis minor thermalis thermalis Opehora martyi martyi* Pinularia acrosphaeria P. Ps brebissonii brebissoni viridis viridis Stauroneis anceps linearis S. phoenicenteron phoenicentro S. Surirella angustata angustata S. a ~e S. phoenicentron gracilis linearis constricta ovata ovata turgida turgida Synedra rumpens rumpens* Sia Se T. rumpens fragilarioides ulna ulna floceulosa flocculosa Old Mill Tabellaria fenestrata cea os PHYTDLOG LS ~ 11.0/2.4 10.4 |2.616.2!3.8? co | eee | = 0.6 Me T2221! ‘0. 6. - + - - 1.0 1.0 I: Ao + a poy eS - - + = at we ct isles = - 0.4; - 0.4 2.4 5.9/1.6 } on — = ! al - 0.4; + .- mee Pe ies - | ee a ee i eltas ne]- = | {- ia + | = ae a eats = O4ie-1- | = De Ft + © 25.6 - | -|- |= - 0.4) - = {0-5 | ~ - Load eh | aaa 0.9] + lok - | - 0.6; + 6-5 - | -|+i-| ae - | + | tee tye o mee rr oreo | ~ lo,410s41162! ia | AOS ad fe cae bok Se re aa Sashimi Tange ee OE BS | - |0.6160.7'6.8! eer Ho |2-0)11-6) l1.5!4.4!1.0! Vol. 1, No. 5 sites reported in 1967-74 stud not reported 1,2,3,4 4 1,2,5,54 not reported not reported Lje not reported 1,2,3.4 1,2,5,4 not reported 2 Looe not reported 1,2,4 142,554 revorted revorted 4 reported Z revorted revorted reported 1,2,4 1,2,5,4 not reported lp2ecet not reported 2 not reported not reported not reported 3,4 not not not not not not not 1 aah revorted Lee 4 1 reported not 1979 Schmidt, Eichman, & Christensen, Diatoms 325 Results: 111 diatom species were identified from the four collecting sites and are listed in table 1. 46 species identified were new to the 1975-78 study. As expected, some species (31) were collected in both the feeder streams and the Nashua River. 72 species were identified from the three feeder streams and were not present in the Nashua River. Only 7 diatom species were identified only from the Nashua River, they are: Acanthes exigua-contucta, Navicula amphibola-amphibola, Navicula viridula-anguensis, Nitzschia commtata-commutata, Nitzschia linearis-linearis, Nitzschia amphibia-amphibia, and Nitzschia thermalis-minor. The five diatom species identified from the highly polluted Nashua River in the 1957-74 study were: Acnanthes hungarica, Nitzchia amphibia, Surirellaovalis, Surirella ovata pninnata, and Synedra rumpens. When an evaluation of these species as water quality indi- cators is done in light of the 1975-78 study, Acanthes hungarica and Synedra rumpens are considered not useful as pollution indi- cators because they are found in all three clean feeder streams in the 1975-78 study. Since Surirella ovalis and Surirella ovata pinata were not found in the 1975-78 study, they are of vossible interest as they were tolerant of the serious pollution conditions during the 1967-74 study but now are not present under improved conditons. Nitzschia amphibia present in the Nashua in both the 1967-74 and 1975-78 collections and not reported from feeder streams is true to form and is of interest as a pollution indi- cator. 15 species are common to all three feeder streams and are of possible interest as clean water indicators. Diatoms known to be organic pollution indicators have been reported by Lowe (1974). Of the species listed by Lowe, 30 are included in this study and are marked with an asterisk in table l. Diversity, as shown in table 2, has increased for three of the four streams studied. The percent of the pooulation made up of pollution indicator taxa has in every instance gone down. During the 1967-74 study, more than 50% of the observed diatoms in the Nashua River were represented by two diatom taxa. In the second study, 1975-78, three taxa make up 50% of the diatom population in the Nashua River. Table 2: Diatom Population Diversity and Structure Total taxa present (diversity 4! S pop. as indicator species Well ea LE 22% | H Total taxa present (diversity) | i PM = 56 % pop. as indicator species =! 8 ee a ee 326 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. 5 Conelusions: The shift in diatom species found in the Nashua River supports the idea that diatoms are sensitive to water quality, however, a wide range of physical and chemical parameters are involved and their interaction makes a clear focus on quality indicator species difficult. Certainly one must be cautious of universal "master lists” of vollution indicators such ag the one given by Palmer (1969). Specific indicator lists should be developed for individual aquatic systems. Single species of diatoms by themselves do not seem to be useful as quality indicators, however when included in groups or "assemblages" and considered in relation to the total make-up of the diatom flora, diatoms become useful as water quality indi- cators. The more diverse the diatom povulation the more stable and natural the stream may be. If two or three svecies of diatoms make up more than 10% of the total diatom population, there are indications that the waterway is under stress, at least vart of the time. The chemical/physical data of this resort (t2ble 3) when compared to the 1957-74 study shows considerable improvement in the nitrate-phosphate complex and a lowered coliform count. Other factors are stable, thus it can be interpreted to mean that the river quality is improving without undo stress being placed on the system during the change. Table 3: Physical and Chemical Data (1975-78) Dissolved Oxygen Water Temperature | 2-25¢ [0-20 —0-20C 0-21¢ PH : 6.5 | 5.5 | 6.5 ; 6.5 Total Hardness 5 ppm ;50 ppm LS ppm /50 ppm Turbidity (JTU) 0 10 0 Phosphate trace ‘trace trace Nitrate The diatom data of this study reveals some interesting long term results. The increase in total diatom diversity from 99 to 111 should be considered a positive sign. The Nashua River shows improvement with diversity up from 31 to 38 taxa. At the same time the per cent of the population made up of organic pollution taxa has dropped from 61% to 49%. This must be acknowledged as a significant shift of water quality in the right direction. The trend of greater diversity and lower per cent of pollution indi- cator taxa holds true for the Old Mill Stream and the Whittman River. It is interesting to note that the apparently clean trout stream, Phillips Brook, has a diversity drop and thus this 1979 Schmidt, Eichman, & Christensen, Diatoms 327 body of water warrants careful monitoring at this time. Diatoms are useful not only for indication of present conditions but can indicate long term trends of improvement or degradation as it develops. This study points up the much improved but as yet incomplete clean-up of the Nashua River in this study area. References: Palmer, C.M. A Composite Rating of Algae Tolerating Organic Pollution Journal of Phycology #5 1969 Lowe, Rex L. Environmental Requirements and Pollution Tolerance of Freshwater Diatoms U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, D.2. 1974 334 p. A. I. GALUSHKO, "FLORA OF THE NORTHERN CAUCASUS", A REVIEW Otto & Isa Degener After attending the meetings of the XII International Botanical Congress in Leningrad in 1975 as mentioned *be- fore, we joined the Caucasus Tour conducted by Prof. Gale ushko. We were amazed at Dr. Galushko's intimate knowledge of the ferns, “fern alles," gymnosperms and phanerogams a= about him, and a bit saddened that this wealth of personal knowledge was not generally availables We are now delighted to report that we just received a copy of the 318=page "Flo- ra of the Northern Caucasus" from our friende Though the volume, in boards, is published in Russian in the Cyrillic alphabet, names of Families and lower cate- gories appear in the Roman. Thus we "outsiders" can gain an intriguing bird's eye views of what genera, so many common to temperate North America, exist there. The almost 3,900 species, according to our perusal of the index, are scatter- ed among about 360 genera in 54 familiese Actually a field guide with emphasis on geographic dise tribution, this vade mecum is enhanced with 76 plates and figures. A few trivial misspellings oceur, one being that of "Pulsatilla" under one of the cutse Unable to translate into English the information given where copies can be purchased, we suggest writing for them to the author at his home: Fevralskaya Street 273, T. Pyae be Shae 357528, U.S. Russiae *Phytologia 17(4):409=411. 1977. 327 NEW COMBINATIONS IN GENUS CHIONANTHUS L. (OLEACEAE) FROM THE ISLAND OF SANTO DOMINGO (HISPANIOLA) José de Js. Jiménez A. The prominent English botanist, Dr. William T. Stearn, in re- vising the genus Linociera Sw. for the sixth volume of the FLORA OF JAMAICA, in a very interesting article entitled "Union of Chio-= nanthus and Linociera (Oleaceae)" published in the ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN 63: 355— 357 (1976) has contributed con= vincing evidence that these two genera are actually congeneric. In this article he has proposed some appropriate new combina- tions for taxa found on the islands of Jamaica, Cuba, Santo Domin= go (Hispaniola) and Puerto Rico. However, he has left without new nomenclatural combinations two Hispaniolan species, and for this reason, and in full agreement with his point of view and with his kind compliance, I propose them here, viz.: CHIONANTHUS LANCEOLATUS (Knobl.) Jiménez, comb. nov. Linociera lanceolata Knobl. in Fedde, Repert. 33: 177. 1933. CHIONANTHUS MIRAGOANE (Urb.) Jiménez, comb. nov. Linociera miragoane Urb. in Ark. ftBr Botanik Bd. 22A, 8: 86. 1928. Literature Cited STEARN, W. T., 1976. Union of Chionanthus and Linociera (Olea- ceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 63: 355—357. MOSCOSO, R. M., 1943. Catalogus Florae Domingensis. URBAN, I., 1920—1921. Symbolae Antillanae vol. 8. — — 1928. Ark. ftr Botanik Bd. 22A. 8. 328 NOTES ON BROMELIACEAE, XL Lyman B, Smith and Robert W. Read Since the third part of Flora Neotropica, No. 14, Bromelioideae has gone to press, we are now using its enumeration for all three subfamilies. 1. PITCAIRNIOIDEAE 1. PUYA 10a. P. MIMA L. B. Smith & R. W. Read, sp. nov. In clavi Flo- rae Neotropicae cum P. coerulea Lindl. posita sed pedicelis lon- gis floribus mtantibus differt; P. ferruginea (R. & P.) L. Be Smith habitum simlans sed inflorescentia glabra differt. PLANT flowering to 2 m high. LEAVES uniform, ca. 5 dm long; sheeths small, suborbicular; blades very narrowly triangular, 3 cm wide, rigid, wnite-lepidote on both sides, laxly serrate with slender red brown antrorsely curved 7 mm long spines. SCAPE erect, slender, glabrous; upper scape-bracts barely imbricate, ovate, acute, entire, glabrous. INFLORESCENCE laxly racemose, over 4 dm long, giabrous. FLORAL BRACTS like the upper scape- bracts, about equaling the lower pedicels; pedicels ascending, slender, 5 cm long; flowers nutant, making a strong angle with the pedicel. SEPAIS lanceolate, subacute, 45 mm long; petals over 10 cm long, naked, light greenish yellow, spirally contorted after anthesis; ovary almost wnolly superior; ovules alate. PReils PERU: CAJAMARCA: Jaen: San Felipe, several km above and north- east of village, 1920-1950 m, 10 February 1964, from cultivation in Huntington Botanical Gardens, July 1977, Hutchison 18109 (holotype, US; isotype, uC). 8. PITCAIRNIA 20a? P. ATTENUATA L. B. Smith & R. W. Head, sp. nov. Ob flo- res putridos affinitate haud cognita sed ab omnibus speciebus edhuc cognitis foliis angustissimis integrisque, scapo brevi curvato, inflorescentia simplici densa, bracteis florigeris bre- vibus, floribus subsessilibus, sepalis lateralibus parvis argute carinatis differt. PLANT somewhat caulescent; stem prostrate, ca. 1 cm in diame- ter. LEAVES all alike, mostly fasciculate at the apex of the stem, 1-1.5 m long, entire; sheaths very broadly ovate, 15 m long; blades linear, filiform-attemate, narrowed toward base but scarcety petiolate, glebrous above with conspicuous pale midrib, densely pale-lepidote beneath. SOAPH curved, & cm long, its apex barely protruding from the leaf-fascicle; scape-bracts erect, subfoliaceous, densely imbricate. INFLORESCENCE simple, densely subeylindric, 6 cm long, 25 mm wide. FLORAL BRACTS broadly ovate, attenuate or apiculate, short and covering little of the 329 330 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 41, No. 5 sepals, pale-lepidote; flowers subsessile. SEPALS lance-oblong, broadly subacute, 18 mm long, glabrous, sulcate when dry, the posterior ones complanate, strongly carinate; petals 355 mm long, strong yellowish pink (J. Schunke V.)3 ovary apparently more than 1/2 superior; ovules not known., Pl. 2. PERU: SAN MARTIN: Mariscal Caceres: Uchiza: Cerro de Santa Cruz east of El Puente (Carretera lilarginal), high forest, on moist rocks in deep shade, 700-800 m, 6 August 1974, J. Schunke V. 8078 (holotype, US; isotype, li0). 152. P. MULTIFIORA L. B. Smith, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 29: 312, fig. 32. 1949; Smith & Downs, Fl. Neotrop. No. 14: 364, fig. 123 N-O. 1974. PANAMA: COCLE: Negr saw-mill, 8 km north of El Cope (28 km northwest of Penonome ), very wet cloud forest, 600-750 m, 1 Sep- tember 1977, Maas 2780 (U, US). New to Panama. 153a. P. ANCUASHII L. B. Smith & R. W. Read, sp. nov. AP. kalbreyeri Beker, cui verisimiliter affinis, foliorum laminis serrulatis, inflorescentia miltiflora subdensa, bracteis flori- geris pedicelos multo superantibus differt. PLANT evidently caulescent, flowering 1.1 m high. LEAVES di- morphic, some with broad blades, others bladeless with petioles modified into stout spines; sheaths uniform, ovate, 12 cm long, entire, drying dark castaneous, coriaceous, covered With appress- ed brown scales; petiole 1.2 m long, spinose-serrate, castaneous at base; blade linear-lanceolate, biattenuate, nearly 3 m long, 8 em wide, serrulate, glabrous, boearing a strong median channel. SCAPE erect, stout, finely white-arachnoid; scape-bracts erect, densely imbricate, lanceolate, attenuate, to 20 cm long, entire, the lower coriaceous, castaneous, even, brown-lepidote, the others thin, pale, strongly nerved and sulcate when dry, finely whitish-lepidote. INFLORESCENCE simple, subdense, 55 cm long, laxly and very finely white-lepidote. FICRAL BRACTS very nerrow- ly triengular, to 10 cm long, always mech exceeding the slender 3 cm long pedicels; flowers suberect. SEPALS oblong-lanceolate, acute, 4 cm long, thin, strongly nerved, ecerinate; petals over 6 em long, yellow (!Ancuash), bearing a large truncate scale at base; ovary 1/2 superior; ovules acyte or apiculate, Pl. 3. PERU: AMAZONAS: Quebrada Sasa, Rio Canepa, monte, 250 m, 30 May 1973, Ernesto Ancuash 519 (holotype, US; isotype, MO). 163a. P. BICQIOR L. B. Smith & R. W. Read, sp. nov. A P. re- flexiflora Andre, cui valde affinis, foliorum laminis mlto lati- oribus, petiolis spinoso-serratis differt. PLANT caulescent, flowering over 1.3 m high. JLEAVES dimor- phic, some reduced to thin, red, finely white-lepidote, entire, linear-lanceolate, 17 cm long sheaths, others 1.1 m long, green, glabrous; sheeths 2 cm long, suborbicular, spinose-serrate; peti- oles elongate, slender, subdensely spinose-serrate; blades linear-lanceolate, biattenuate, entire, 6 cm wide. SCAPE erect, slender; scape-bracts imbricate, linear-lanceolate, subacute and acuminate, entire, finely white-lepidote, soon glabrous. INFLO- RESCENCE simple, erect, dark red except for the greenish yellow petals; axis slender, sparsely appressed-lepidote. FLORAL BRACTS 1979 Smith & Read, Notes on Bromeliaceae 331 lance-ovete, attenuate, membranaceous, to 25 mm long, all exceed- ing the pedicels; pedicels setiform, 5 mm long; flowers spread- ing. SEPAIS oblong, rounded, apiculate, 11 mm long, thin; petals lanceolate, acute, 4 cm long; overy ca. 3/4 superior; ovules cau- date. Pl. 4. ; A COLOMBIA: CHOCO: Ansermanuevo to San Jose de Palmar road near line with Valle, Alto del Galapago, terrestrial, 2000 m, Forero, Gentry, Sugden & Daly 2852 (holotype, MO; photo US). 195a. P. HITCHCOCKIANA L. B. Smith emend. L. B. Smith & R. W. Read. A descriptione originali bracteis florigeris per anthesin arcuato-divergentibus, a P. wendlandii Baker bracteis florigeris sine lamina, a P. clavata L. B. Smith foliorum leminis integerri- mis mailto engustioribus differt. Pl. 5 (Asplund 20082). _ ECUADOR: TUNGURAHUA: Valley of the Pastaza River, between Ba- nos and Cashurco, 8 hours east of Cashurco, on tree, 1300-1800 n, 25 September 1923, Hitchcock 21816 (hglotype, NY; isotypes GH, US); valley of Rio Pastaza, between Rio Topo and la Victoria, cliff, 1200 m, 1 December 1939, Asplund 10029 (S, US); Banas, Rio Pastaza, 15 February 1953, Prescott 494 (NY); Machei, cliff, 1500 m, 30 March 1956, Asplund 20037 (S, US). WNAPO: liera, Wangayacu to Puente Quile, 31 March 1956, Asplund 20082 (S, us). In Flora Neotropica Monograph No. 14 this species was describ-—- ed and keyed as having erect floral bracts although most of the material beyond the type showed them arched-divergent. Conse- quently it is necessary to change its position to the vicinity of P. clavata. The following specimen can not be separated satisfactorily from P. hitchcockiana although it is a rather large disjunct: BRAZIL: MATO GROSSO: Campo Grande, 1978, A. Seidel 778 (US). 204a. P. MUCIDA L. 5. Smith & R. W. Read, sp. nov. A P. scep- trigera Mez et P. umbratile L. B. Smith, Quibus affinis, bracteis florigeris membranaceis integerrimis, floribus subsessilibus, se- palis anguste triangularibus differt. PLANT knowvm only from a scape, inflorescence, and 2 detached similar leaves, wholly mcilaginous (!Forero et al.). LEAVES linear-lanceolete, 4 cm wide with pale median cnannel, attenuate, subpetiolate, to 1 cm wide and sparsely serrulate; sheath un- known. SCAPE straight, stout, scape-bracts very fragile and al- most wholly lost but doubtless densely imbricate before anthe- sis. INFLORESCENCE simple, densely ellipsoid, 14 cm long. FIO- RAL BRACTS membranaceous and extremely fragile but evidently ample and coveering the sepals, entire, rose (!Forero et als), apparently glebrous; flowers subsessil. SEPAIS narrowly triangu- lar, attenuete, 45 mm long, coriaceous, verrucose, white-lepi- dote, the lateral ones alate-cerinate; petals rose (!Forero et eS appendaged; overy ca. 4/5 superior; ovules caudate. Pl. 6. CQIOMBIA: CHOCO: Neyita: Mereda Llanadas, north slope of Cerro Torra, ridge west of Rio Surama, road to Alto del Oso, epiphytic in forest, 600-900 m, 22 February 1977, Forero, Gentry, Sugden & Daly 3143 (holotype, MO; photo, US). - 252a. P. CURVIDENS L. B. Smith & R. W. Read, sp. nov. AP. glaziovii Baker et P. scandens Ule, quibus verisimiliter affinis, 332 Be TP Oo 1, OG 7k Vol. 1, No. 5 foliis exterioribus integris, scapi bracteis inferioribus folia- ceis magnis, inflorescentia mltiflore, a P. gleziovii inflores- centia laxa, pedicellis gracillimis, a FP. scandens caule brevis- simo, bracteis florigeris quam pedicellis vix longioribus differt PLANT aceulescent with swollen base, flowering to 45 cm nigh. LEAVES glabrous, dimorphic, the basal ones as shown by a young shoot reduced to small apiculate entire sheaths; the others with deciduous bledes known only from the persistent base with sub- densely serrate flat, curved or twisted spines. SCAPE erect, slender, waite-lepidote soon becoming glabrous; lower scape- bracts foliaceous but with persistent linear, long-attenuate blades to 32 cm long, 7 mm wide, entire, sparsely and fugaciously vestite toward base with coarse, white, spreading scales, upper scape-practs lance-ovate, attemate, entire, shorter than the in- ternodes. INFLORESCENCE simple, 14 cm long before complete an- thesis, lax, sparsely white-arachnoid, soon glabrous. FLORAL BRACTS lance-ovate, attenuate, about equaling the slender, 10 mm long pedicels; flowers in bud, suberect, scarlet with yellow base (Irwin et al.). SEPALS lance-oblong, 23 mm long, the poste- rior cerinate; petals neked; ovary ca. 2/3 superior; ovules caudate. Fl. 7. ¢ BRAZIL: MINAS GERAIS: Serra do Cipo, km 132 (ca. 153 km north of Belo Horizonte), high campo slopes, outcrops, and creek mar- gin, 1400 m, 17 February 1968, Irwin, Maxwell & Wasshausen 20338 (holotype, UB; photo US). Probably conspecific but leaves unknown and sepals slightly different shape: 4 BRAZIL: MINAS GERAIS: Serra.do Cipo, km 120 (ca. 145 km north of Belo Horizonte), sand campo with outcrops, 1200 m, 14 Febru- ary 1968, Irwin, Mexwell & Wasshausen 20081 (UB). 2. TILLANDSIOIDEAE 14. TILLANDSIA 55. T. TRUNCATA L. B. Smith, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 29: 530, fig. &5. 1954. _ PERU: HUANUCO: Huanuco - Tingo Maria road, "ceja de la monta- na", km 456, ca. 2400 m, epiphytic, 13 April 1977, Gentry, Re- villa, Alfaro Castaneda & Daly 19316 (MO). New to Feru. 16. GUZMANIA 3la. G. RUGOSA L. B. Smith & R. W. Read, sp. nov. A G. vi- rescente (Hooker) liez et G. weberbaueri liez, quibus ob bracteas florigeras rugosas affinis, scapi bracteis foliaceis magnis differt. PLANT known only from scape and inflorescence but presumably stemless because of its ligulate scape-bracts. LEAVES unknown but presumably large and ligulate judging from the lower scape- bracts. SCAPE straight, stout, sparsely punctulate-lepidote; scape-bracts foliaceous, much exceeding the base of the inflo- 1979 Smith & Read, Notes on Bromeliaceae 333 rescence, ligulate, acute, green, concolorous, obscurely punctate-lepidote, the lowest 4 dm long, 45 mm wide. INFLORES- CENCE large, covered with mucilage, bipinnate, lex with basal internodes 4 cm long; primary bracts subfoliaceous, red, exceed- ing the lower spikes; spikes spreading, densely ellipsoid, 6 cm long, the sterile naked stipe 3 cm long. FLORAL BRACTS broadly elliptic, 22 mm long, centrally rugose and verrucose, laxly le- pidote; flowers subsessile, suberect. SEPAIS oblong, rounded and slightly cucullate at apex, 25 mm long, 6 mm wide, equally subfree, thin, nerved, sparsely appressed-lepidote, yellow. Pl. 8 COLOMBIA: CHOCO: Road from Ansermanuevo to San Jose del Pal- mar, by Valle del Cauca boundary, Alto del Galapago, terrestrial in open area, 2000 m, 18 February 1977, Forero, Gentry, Sugden & Daly 2904 (holotype, MO; photo, US). 43a. G. ATTENUATA L. B. Smith & R. W. Read, sp. nov. AG. acorifolia (Griseb.) Mez, cui affinis, foliorum vaginis pallide viridibus, leminis longe attenuatis, inflorescentia digitata subglobosa, bracteis primariis filiforme attenuatis differt. PLANT possibly somewhet caulescent but base lacking, flower- ing ca. 5 dm high. LEAVES to & dm long, obscurely punctulate- lepidote; sheaths ovate, 12 cm long, pale green; bledes linear, long-attenuate, 12 mm wide. SCAPE straight, very slender; scape-bracts subfoliaceous, densely imbricate and completely covering the scape. INFLORESCENCE densely digitate, subglobose, 3 ecm long, green, obscurely punctulate-lepidote; primary bracts with small ovete base and very narrowly triangular filiform- attenuate blade; spikes subsessile, subglobose, densely few- flowered, 15 mm long. FLORAL BRACTS suborbicular, 7 mm long, nerved; flowers subsessile. SEPAIS elliptic, obtuse, 9 mm long, very short-connate, nerved. Pl. 9. PANAMA: DARIEN: Southern slope of westernmost summit of Cerro Tacarcuna massif between Pucro base camp and Tacaracuna summit camp, epiphytic in lower montane wet forest, 1400-1600 m, 21 July 1976, Gentry, Leon & Forero 16866 (holotype, MO; photo, US). 78. G. RETUSA L. B. Smith, Fieldiana Bot. 28: 143, fig. 23 a-e. 1951. PERU: HUANUCO: Ila Divisora, Tingo Maria - Pucallpa road near Loreto border, alt. 1150-1250 m, epiphyte, 29 March 1977, Gentry, Daly & Salvador Cruz 18829 (MO). New to Pem. ll6a. G. TESTUDINIS L. B. Smith & R. W. Read, sp. nov. In Florae Neotropicae clave ob sepala alte connata, foliorum laminas ligulatas, inflorescentiam compositam laxam et pedicellos breves G. dudleyi L. B, Smith et G. sprucei (Andre) L. B. Smith interposita. PLANT known only from fragments but presumably stemless bes cause of its ligulate leaf-bledes, flowering ca. 6 dm high. LEAVES to 72 cm long, obscurely appressed-lepidote; sheaths elliptic, ca. 10 cm long, green except for the castaneous base; blades ligulate, broadly subacute and apiculate, 4 cm wide, con- colorous. SCAPE erect, slender, glabrous; scape-bracts ovate, attenuate, exceeding the internodes. INFLORESCENCE very laxly bipinnate, 14 em long, soon glabrous; axes red (!Forero et al.); 33h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. 5 primary bracts broadly ovate, attenuete, chartaceous, nerved, about equaling the lowest branch; racemes spreading, to 4 cm long, laxly 2-6-flowered, short-stipitate. FLORAL BRACTS broadly ovete, obtuse, 9 mm long, thin, nerved; pedicels obscure, 3 mm long; flowers divergent. SEPALS 16 mm long, yellow (!Forero et al.), highly connate, the free lobes broedly obovate, 5 mm long. Pl. 10. . COLOMBIA: CHOCO: Road from Ansermanuevo to San Jose del Fal- mar, by Valle del Cauca boundary, Alto del Galapago, terrestrial in cloud forest, 2000 m, 18 “ebruary 1977, Forero, Gentry, Sugden & Daly 2905 (holotype, lO; photo, US). 117b. G. KENNEDYAE L. B. Smith & 2. W. Read, sp. nov. AG. sprucei (Andre) L. B. Smith et G. lellingeri i. B. Smith & R. W. Read, cuibus effinis, sepalis per anthesin in bracteis florige- ris omnino inclusis differt. PLANT stemless, flowering 44 cm high. LEAVES 5 dm long, lax- ly vestite with minute appressed brown scales; sheaths 10 cm long, purple-striped (!Kennedy), dark cestaneous at base; blades ligulete, attenuate, 2 cm wide, green, concolorous. SCAFE erect, slender; scape-bracts imbricete and completely covering the scape, subfoliaceous to ovate. INFLORESCENCE simple, sub- lax, 13 cm long. FLORAL BRACTS divergent, ovate, acute, 5 cm long, all exceeding and enfolding the sepals, red, subcharta- ceous, faintly nerved and lepidote toward apex; pedicels ca. 4 mm long. SEPAIS 35 mm long, connate into a slender 23 mm long tube, the free lobes elliptic, obtuse; corolla 6 cm long, yellow. Pl. ll. PANAMA: PANAMA: La Eneida, region of Cerro Jefe, very common, epiphytic in cloud forest, 800 m, 2 September 1974, Helen Ken- nedy, Meas & Dressler 3372 (holotype, US). Stouter and with leaf-blades 5 cm wide the following is not taxonomically different: COLOMBIA: CHOCO: North ridge of Alto del Buey, east-southwest of El Valle, epiphyte in yvremontane wet forest, 500-1150 m, 8 August 1976, Gentry & Fallen 17359 (MO, US). 18. CATOPSIS 5. C. BERTERONIANA (Schult. f.) biez, DC. Mon. Phan. 9: 621. 1896. ; FRENCH GUIANA: Approuegue Stream, Arataye River, Parare Falls, 6 km fron the stream, on a granite "“inselberg", epiphy- tic on shrubs, 400-500 m, 29 August 1977, Sastre 5829 (P, US). New to French Guiana. United States National Museum, Washington, D. C., U. 5. A. 1979 Smith & Read, Notes on Bromeliaceae 335 Plate 1 v4 A » rh 2 ee "y ates = UNITED STATES pe = 2822651 NATIONAL HERBARIUM Puya mima Smith & Read PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. 5 Plate 2 de l= 1.15 ms metre. 3 bes hojas son de coisr rexde intens¢,on ol envés blenguecine. UNITED STATES 2520383 NATIONAL HERBARIUM Pitecairnia ettenuata Smith & Read LOT? Smith & Read, Notes on Bromeliaceae 337 | late 3 2828375 NATORAL Sreeaas = =set 57 Piteairnia anctashii Smith & Read 338 PHY TOL OG Ts Vol. 1, No. 5 Plate 4 N2 2594461 HERBARIO NACIONAL COLGOMBIANO Fe Bn Wremtignicnes ease eqcace Fouche SB Pitcairnia bicolor Smith & Head. 1979 Smith & Read, Notes on Bromeliaceae 339 Plate 5 Pitcairnia hitchcockiana Li B. Smith emend. Smith & Read 3,0 Po Yee OL0 Gols Vol. 1, No. 5 Plate 6 wissoun BOTANICAL GARDEN HERBARIUM Ne 2594626 EQLOMEAWG Piteairmia micida Smith & Read 1979 Smith & Read, Notes on Bromeliaceae 3L1 Plate ‘7 2) = o \ COL — > Pitcairnia curvidens Smith & Read 32 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. 5 Plate 8 N& 2595500 Guzmania rugosa Smith & Read be Smith & Read, Notes on Bromeliaceae Plate 9 PREPARATION OF SPECINENS SUPPORTED BY A GRANT FROM THE SUPEN FOUNDATION, ST, LOUS. SE GEEZY, COREE AE IE EAS Guzmania attermata Smith & Read Ne 2416756 343 3h ae ie ee A ae ae Plate 10 Ledecsiis Enexcnde gor 1235, -'Sty. Glabrous shrub 1-2 (rarely 3-4) m tall, much-branched, branch- lets gray, internodes often short, rather stiff, nodes prominent; leaves elliptic to oblong, rarely ovate, 4-8(-9) x 1.5-2.5(-4) cm, apex obtuse to blunt-acute or slightly acuminate, base rounded to acute, midrib tending to be dull orange when dry, a narrow pale zone on either side of it frequent, 4-7 veins on a side, obscure above, distinct but not prominent beneath, small sparsely hirsute domatia in their axils beneath, petiole several mm long; stipules firm, ovate-long-acuminate, 3-5 mm long, tardily caducous, a row of oblong erect glands in their axils, these also early caducous; cymes much reduced, pedunculate, umbelloid, 5-20 flowered, con- gested when many-flowered, 10-15 mm long, peduncle about 1/3 to 1/2 of this, at its summit a pair of large somewhat gibbous stipular bracts subtending the slender pedicels; flowers white, 3-4 mm long; calyx shallow, somewhat 4-—dentate; corolla tube cylin- dric to slightly dilated, 2.5 mm long, lobes ovate, 1.5 mm, throat choked with wool; anthers broadly ovate, pointed, exserted on short filaments; style shorter than corolla tube but elongating until capitate stigma is exserted just beyond anthers; drupe compressed globose to slightly obcordate, slightly geminate, 3-4 x 4-2 mn, ripening yellow to red and finally black. Specimens examined: West Is. (Ile Picard): Back of settlement, Fosberg 49509 (US); Renvoize 747 (K, US); Bassin Cabri, Wood 1615 (E, USS. 1979 Fosberg, Woody Rubiaceae of Aldabra 39 Middle Is.: Gionnet Channel Camp area, Fosberg 49588 (US); east end of Middle Island, Fosberg 49094 (US), 49095 (US). South Is.: Appr. 3 km NW of Cing cases Camp, Fosberg, Grubb & Graham 49178 (US); Takamaka Well, Fosberg 49253 (US); Takamaka area, lagoon side, Fosberg 49056 (US), 49055 (US); Takamaka Camp area, Renvoize 874 (US K). Guettarda ls uSpe Pls 991-992, . 1/535) Gene. Pl, ed. 35).42865 17545 4h) San Cadamba Sonnerat, Voy. 2: 228, t. 128, 1776. Trees and shrubs, sometimes spiny (ours not), leaves simple, opposite or rarely ternate; stipules obovate or (elsewhere) ovate or lanceolate, apex (in ours) obtuse, often recurved; cymes axillary, dichotomous or rarely flowers reduced to 2 or 3, or 1, often secund; flowers bisexual, rarely polygamo-dioecious (-4)5-8(-9)-merous; calyx tubular, truncate to dentate; corolla salverform, lobes imbricate or their membranous margins infolded, undulate or cren- ulate; anthers sessile or subsessile, inserted in corolla throat, included or slightly exserted; ovary 2-9 celled, with 1 pendulous ovule in each cell, style filiform with a cylindro-capitate stigma; fruit a drupe with 2-9 pyrenes united into a woody or bony stone, in ours corky and floating. Originally described in Genera Plantarum and Species Plantarum as monoecious. A principally American genus with one widely distributed strand or lowland species, which has been regarded as constituting a separ- ate section, Cadamba (Sonn.) DC. (=sect. Guettarda). This species is found on Aldabra. Guettarda speciosa L., Sp. Pl. 991, 17533; Schinz, Abh. Senckenb. Nat. Gesellsch. 21: 91, 1879; Voeltzkow, Abh. Senckenb. Nat. Gesellsch. 26: 552, 1902; Hemsley, Kew Bull. 1919: 213, 1919; Vesey-Fitzgerald, Jour. Ecol. 30: 13, 1942; Stoddart & Wright, Agel) - Res. Bull. ; Ti82.7297 2967 : -Stoddart> op. cit."o9s. 19075 Renveize,: Phil, Ir. :ReS,50 B57 20027 2a8, (19/1: .Fosberg, Phil. «ir. Poss, By SOUS SE —2r5. 15Fi. Large shrub to small or medium-sized tree, very bushy, much branched in habit; twigs about 1 cm thick, subterete, pubescent with short incurved hairs which turn golden on about the second or third internode; leaves broadly oblong to somewhat ovate or obovate, on short thick petioles about 1-2 cm long, 5 mm thick, terete, blades heavy chartaceous, nerves pinnate, 10-11 pairs spreading widely, curving gradually into the margin, connected by irregularly ladder-like cross-nerves, the spaces filled with several orders of close network, main nerves slightly puberulent above, densely short-pilose beneath, smaller nerves less so, apex obtuse with - 350 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 41, No. § slight acumen, base cordate; stipules large, strongly acuminate, shortly sheathing, carinate where united at sides, sparsely strigose, caducous from all but first 1-3 nodes, leaving a row of small hairs in axils; leaf scars orbicular slightly flattened distally, with a narrow horseshoe of bundle scars; cymes axillary from second node from apex, prominently pedunculate, peduncles strongly ascending, about 10 cm long, branching crowded, twice dichotomous, a sessile flower in each fork, with an oblong acute bract subtending it ex- ternally, each branch with about 5 alternately disposed flowers in 2 rows, each subtended by a lanceolate bract; whole inflor- escence appressed puberulent; calyx deeply cup-shaped, longer than wide, margin irregular or very shallowly 3-lobed, with a purplish rudiment very poorly developed in each sinus; corolla salverform, tube much longer than the obovate lobes, very slightly dilated gradually upward, 3-5 cm long, about 1.5 mm diam. below, to 4 mm at top, pilose within, lobes 7-8, even on same plant, lobes and tube puberulent without, lobes papillate within, tube pilose with- in except basal few mm; anthers same number as corolla lobes, linear, attached several mm below sinuses, dorsally but almost basally; style single, filiform, of 2 lengths, on brevistylous plants about 1/2-2/3 lengths of corolla, on longistylous plants stigma slightly exserted, stigma short cylindric, truncate on top, exuding a drop of sticky liquid; corolla opening in evening, strongly fragrant, dropping before noon next day, leaving the style which usually falls somewhat later; both longistylous and brevistylous plants fruit abundantly; young fruit globose, mature ones depressed globose, drupaceous, with white flesh containing stiff fibers which persist after flesh rots or is eaten by hermit crabs; stone corky, floating, with 5-6 cells. Specimens examined: Aldabra. -- s.1., Dupont 281 (K); Fryer 51 (K). West Is.: Vesey-Fitzgerald 6034 (K), South Is.: Anse Cédres, Stoddart 718 (K, US); Cinq Cases, Fosberg 48971 (US), 48910 (US); Stoddart ~ 1016 (K, US); Renvoize 959 (US, K); Takamaka Camp, R Renvoize 1110 (US, K); Trou Nenez, Stoddart 975 (K, US); Rhyne 1035 (US); Anse Mais, Stoddart PEP] (us); Wood 1691 (Us). Cosmoledo Atoll. -- Menai Is., south part of Menai Islet, Fosberg 49842 (US); Vesey-Fitzgerald 5987 (K); Renvoize 1250 (US, K). ~~ Agteve Js land: S.1., Ridgway 85 way 85 (US); Gwynn Gwynne & Wood 1321 (EA) (leaves very tomentose beneath, resembling f. taitensis); west side, Stoddart & Poore 1265 (K); Grand Anse, Fosberg 49685 CU US). Polysphaeria Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 108, 1873. --Hiern in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 127, 1877. Shrubs, stem erect, branching, branches producing terminally dense clusters of slender "supra-axillary" flowering branchlets 1979 Fosberg, Woody Rubiaceae oj Aldabra 351 bearing flowers in dense small axillary sessile or pedunculate glomerules, flowers with small cup-shaped bracteoles; leaves of flowering branchlets opposite, often differing from those sub- tending the branchlets; stipules caducous, short and broad; flowers with a turbinate or campanulate hypanthium, its limb truncate or shortly 4-dentate; corolla funnelform, tube short, throat densely bearded, lobes 4, contorted; stamens 4, inserted in mouth of corolla tube, filaments short, anthers linear dorsifixed near base; ovary 2-locular, with one pendant ovule in each cell, style exserted, stigma fusiform; fruit baccate, 1-2-celled, 1-2 seeded; seeds suborbicular, plano-convex, testa striate-sulcate, endosperm ruminate, A small African genus of 10-12 species, one of them found in the Aldabra Group. Polysphaeria multiflora Hiern in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 127-128, 1877. Glabrous shrubs, rarely small trees, bark shreddy, branchlets sharply different from, and congested toward tips of branches, di- verging at a very wide angle from the stem, in axils of leaves, or of much reduced leaves, becoming supra-axillary on slightly older wood, leaves elliptic, lance-elliptic, or oblong-elliptic, acute or acuminate with blunt tip, shortly petiolate, conspicuously downward-pointing, stipules triangular, slightly acuminate, caducous, carinate; flowers in very close sessile cymose axillary glomerules with stipular scales at base, glomerules composed of triads closely packed, of different ages, individual flowers subtended by calyx- like cupules of united bracteoles, appressed pilose within; ovaries very small, calyx a cup slightly lobed or toothed on margin, glabrous; corolla white, 5-6 mm long, salverform to funnelform or campanulate, 4—parted, lobes slightly imbricate, not or slightly contorted in bud, becoming recurved after opening, glabrous without, copiously white bearded in throat, glabrous in tube, anthers lanceolate, sessile in throat, ovary 2-locular, ovules 1 in each locule; style longer than corolla, puberulent except near base, stigma well-exserted, slightly lobed; fruit globose, 6-7 mm diameter, black when ripe (fleshy?), with 2 hemispheric stones each 1l-seeded. Specimens examined: Aldabra.-- West Is. (Ile Picard): 50 mE of Station, Wood 1660 (US, E); path just north of Settlement, Fosberg 48725 48725 (US), 48751 (US,K); back of settlement, Fosberg 49502 (U: (US); grove behind Settlement, Renvoize 714 (US, K). South Is.: 2nd pool on route west of Hodoul Point, Renvoize 935 (US, K); coast northwest of Pt. Hodoul, Fosberg 49051 49051 (US) ; Point Hodoul, Renvoize 903 (US, K); Cinq Blige Camp, ~Fosber 48916 (US); Cinq Cases ; inland, R. Hnatiuk 732055 (US); on platin - 352 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. kl, No. 5 Cases Camp, Fosberg, Grubb & Graham 49181 (US); near coast, south of Takamaka, Renvoize 1131 (US, K); Takamaka Grove, Fosbérg 49297 (US); Takamaka, Stoddart 1036 (US); Takamaka well, Fosberg 49260, 49350, 49324 (all US); Dune Jean Louis, 300 m north of south coast, near path of lagoon, Frazier 55 (US); 350 m from south coast near trail to lagoon, Frazier 59 (US); Trou Nenez, Stoddart 987 (US); Dune D'Messe, Renvoize LAS} US,: Kyi ea) Cosmoledg Atoll. -- Menai Is.: North end, Fosberg & Grubb 49772: (USE Astove Atoll: s.1. Veevers-Carter 37 (EA); Ridgway 37 (US); Grand Anse, Fosberg 49725 (US); South of Grand Anse, south part of west arm of atoll, Fosberg & McKenzie 49760 (US). PeyehotriavlL.¢ Syéts Nab. eds 2OM92Z9 2/39, Mostly shrubs, rarely trees or vines; leaves often obovate, sometimes with domatia in vein axils, often turning purplish on drying; stipules caducous or persistent, separate or united, often forming a calyptra enclosing the terminal bud, this usually with 2 or 4 appendages or “ears" at the tip, axils of stipules with a row of erect hair-like glands; inflorescences cymose or thyrsoid, rarely reduced to a fascicle or a single flower, open to capitate, terminal or axillary; flowers bisexual or dioecious, 4-6-merous, usually small, calyx usually short, lobed, toothed or truncate; corolla with cylindric or slightly dilated tube, this from very short to rarely 1-2 cm long, usually with lobes from as long as to much longer than tube, spreading to reflexed; stamens inserted in throat just below sinuses, anthers attached basally or dorsally, style shorter than to exceeding tube, bifid, ovary 2 - celled, ovules solitary, erect, basifixed; fruit a drupe with 2 pyrenes, these often dorsally l-several times carinate, flat on ventral surface, seed filling cavity, endosperm entire, ventrally grooved or ruminate. A very large tropical genus, sometimes variously subdivided, with species in all except the driest tropical wooded areas, difficult to classify. All Aldabra specimens seen seem to belong to one species. Psychotria pervillei Baker, Fl. Maur. & Seych, 155, 1877. --Hemsley, Kew Bull. 1919: 123, 1919.--Fosberg, Phil. Tr. R.S., B, 260: 220-225; 1971.’ —Renvoize, Phil. “Tes Rises 2s 2608 (23515 29F1 2 Psychotria spp. Baker, Kew Bull. 1894: 148, 1894. --Schinz, Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Gesellsch. 21: 291, 1897, --Voeltzkow, Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Gesellsch. 26: 552, 1902. --Hemsley, Jour. Bot. 54 (Suppl.): 19, 20, 1916.--Kew Bull. 1919: 123, 1919. 1979 Fosberg, Woody Rubiaceae of Aldabra 353 Shrub to 3 m tall, glabrous; leaves dark green, elliptic to obovate, blades to 13 x 4.5 cm, usually much smaller, apex acuminate, base rather cuneately contracted into a petiole about 1, rarely 1.5 cm long, venation not prominent, main veins 9-11 ona side arching to near the margin where they anastomose into an undulate submarginal vein; cymes 1-3 at terminal node, sometimes becoming axillary by development of a bud at same node, pedunculate, slender, 3-5 cm long, a whorl of 3 or usually 4, rarely 5, branches at the first node, each branch up to 3 times dichotomous but with a subsessile flower (or fruit) in each fork, branchlets puberulent, bractlets minute, ciliolate, ultimate triads with center flower subsessile; calyx lobes 5, low-triangular; corolla tube 3-4 mm long, lobes oblong-ovate, about 1.5-2 mm long, apex slightly hooked, inner surface densely papillate-puberulent; anther tips exserted, style with bifid stigma exserted; fruits globose or depressed globose, slightly compressed, sub-geminate when dry, 3 x 3 mm, pyrenes dorsally ribbed, fleshy, bluish-gray or slightly purplish. Found also in the Seychelles; very rare in Aldabra, greatly reduced or possibly eliminated in recent years by attacks of a coccid. Specimens examined: Aldabra.--s.1., Fryer 56 (K); Dupont 24 (K), 115 (K). Tle Michel: Dupont 223 (K). South Is.: 3.5 km W of Point Hodoul, Fosberg 49210 (US, K)3; (K, US); Merton 7079 (US); Hnatiuk 731317, 731320, 73052, 732056 (all US); near Takamaka Well, Fosberg 49290 (US, K); behind first pool on route from Takamaka camp to coast, Renvoize 1056 (K, US). Tarenna Gaertn., Fruct. 1: 139, 1788. Shrubs, rarely trees; leaves simple, opposite, usually petiolate; stipules ovate, caducous; inflorescence terminal or becoming lateral, cymose; flowers usually 5-6-merous, in one small group 4-merous; calyx usually lobed; corolla hypocrateriform to somewhat funnel- form with spreading lobes imbricate in bud; stamens inserted in corolla throat below sinuses, filaments short, anthers linear; style elongating, stigma becoming strongly exserted, clavate to linear, ovary 2-loculed, placentae fleshy, bearing 1-several or more ovules, or these rarely colateral on small placentae; fruit fleshy, with thin or sclerified endocarps, seeds in fruit tending to be subglobose or rarely globose with a cavity on one side, or prismatic without a hilar cavity, or compressed and having a linear excavation on one edge. A large African-Indo-Pacific genus with 3 very distinct Aldabra species. Earlier Aldabra records of Pavetta species 354 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. 5 belong here. Key to Aldabra species 1. Inflorescence and flowers, except for corolla limb, glabrous 2. Cymes in pairs, soon becoming axillary-T. supra-axillaris 2. Cymes 3, terminal---------------------- T. verdcourtiana 1. Inflorescence and flowers notably pubescent, cymes re- maining terminal, leaves usually at least slightly hairy beneath------------------------------ T. trichantha Tarenna supra-axillaris (Hemsley) Bremekamp, in Fedde, Repert. So..NOY, 22: 206, 1934. Pavetta supra-axillaris Hemsley, Jour. Bot. 54, suppl. 2: 19. 1910, —Kew Bull..1919 1.0 mm long (rarely 0.9 mm); usually hemiisophyllous to isophyllous; often at right angles to stem. Fascicles of two spreading and one hanging branch. Branch leaves + 1.5 mm long (0.9-1.7); hyaline cells with pores in continuous rows along the commissures in cells near the apex, grading to cells at the leaf base with pores only in the cell ends and corners. Table 1. Comparison of Sphagnum subsecundum and S. subobesun 381 = “se HORS YQ AY 1. (e- rf TN® ’) SYR ~ as, as NB AA RY) Be Ay Kats Be, \ oo \ Nl Noel hice IY ere ae : \ is \ \ ‘ 4 : a \' Si ) \. * N Nf KAN ‘ () PRA NWR GRDEAL\ Vey Te SS oe > Dn cE -— Oo UO own o | a - seed Ne Lelth N tr X< Ne ms pe or) w O — oO an oO x vu W L. * oO - > iu c © .e ww Ww c-& i. wv o =N ny oO QY 1 rQ 9 ‘ins 3 0 vy 5” Se g§ S nae Ww O leaves x 15 382 P YO Oct ee Vol. 41, No. 6 ye ms IZ BES << Aue Piyap TV eT Sphagnum subobesum Warnst. -5. Branch leaves. x 15. -6. Branch leaf concave surface. x 180. -7. Branch leaf convex surface, apical region. x 180. -8. Branch leaf convex surface, basal region. x 180. -9. Branch leaf transverse section. x 340. Drawings by Steven Sierigk. 1979 Andrus, Sphagnum subobesum 383 Sphagnum subobesum, like S. platyphyllum and the amphiatlantic Subsecunda species S. Zescurit Sull., is hydrolabile (Suzuki, 1958) and apparently well adapted for habitats where hydrologic stress is significant, e.g., sites where plants may go through frequent wet-dry cycles. In the heart of its range in Japan, S. subobesum exhibits a great variety of forms with respect to habit, leaf size, and leaf shape. As to habitat, S. subobeswn may be found both submerged and emergent, with the submerged forms often producing subsimplex modifications. As in S. leseurtt (Andrus, 1974), modified stem leaves are common. The full range of morphological variability is substantially greater than the description herein would indicate, but that description is based upon North American material growing at the extreme of its range under probably ideal conditions. Sphagnum subsecundum, by contrast, is hydrostable and nearly always anisophyl lous. Support for this research was provided by S.U.N.Y. Research Foundation U.A.C. grant #040-7297-B. Special thanks are due to N.G. Miller for identification of hepatics. LITERATURE CITED Andrus, R.E. 1974. The Sphagna of New York State. 1-421. Ph.D. Thesis, State Univ. N.Y. Syracuse. Univ. Microfilms 74-24023. Andrus, R.E. & D.H. Vitt. 1975. Sphagnotheca Boreali- americana: a new exsiccata of North American Sphagna north of Mexico. Bryologist 78: 64-66. Andrus, R.E. and D.H. Vitt. 1977. Sphagnotheca Boreali- americana: Fascicle I!. Bryologist 80: 645-647. Calder, J.A. & R.L. Taylor. 1968. Flora of the Queen Charlotte Islands. Part 1. Systematics of the vascular plants. Canad. Dept. Agric. Monogr. No. 4. Schofield, W.B. 1965. Correlations between the moss floras of Japan and British Columbia, Canada. Jour. Hattori Bot. Lab. 28: 17-42. Schofield, W.B. 1968. A selectively annotated checklist of British Columbia mosses. Syesis 1: 163-175. Schofield, W.B. 1969. Phytogeography of northwestern North America: bryophytes and vascular plants. Madrono 20: 155-207. Suzuki, H. 1958. Taxonomical studies on the Subsecunda group of the genus Sphagnum in Japan, with special reference to variation and geographical distribution. Jap. Jour. Bot. 16: 227-268. Suzuki, H. 1972. Distribution of Sphagnwn species in Japan and an attempt to classify the moors basing on their combination. Jour. Hattori Bot. Lab. 35: 3-24. Warnstorf, C. 1900. Neue Beitrage zur Kenntnis europaischer und exotischer Sphagnum formen. Hedwigia 39: 100-110. - A NEW COMBINATION IN PITHECELLOBIUM Cornelius H. Muller Department of Botany, University of Texas at Austin and Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara Jean Luis Berlandier published extracts from his journal, making premature mention of several binomials which he referred to as designating plants described in his manuscript (a botanical manuscript that apparently has not been published). Several of these names are nomina nuda, and others were superfluous when printed. However, a few are referred to in terms that clearly permit their identification with well known species whose previously accepted names they antedate. Thus, Juglans microcarpa Berlandier replaced J. rupestris Engelmann some decades ago. Another Berlandier plant name that is readily identified through its accompanying discursive description is Mimosa ebano, which has been published three times over Berlandier's name. The precisely identical descriptive discussion of these three publications, translated from the Spanish, is here quoted from Mosaico Mexicano 4: 418, 1840: 38h 1979 Muller, New combination in Pithecellobium 385 "In the vicinity of the port of Matamoros, we have observed scarcely five species of mimosas (mesquites) and only two merit our attention; not so much by the utility that may be obtained of them, as by being very common in all areas. The first is a luxuriant tree, scantily spiny, called ebony, but very different from the true ebony, or Diospyros ebanum, of authors. The plant that concerns us is a pretty species of mimosa which we have described in our manuscripts with the name of mimosa ebano, to record its name, very common in all the country. It is notable for its dark shade, for the properties of its fruits, and for the central part of the wood, which has a black color very distinct from the other and to which it owes its name. Though the wood is durable, its brittleness does not permit it to be considered useful for many purposes. The toasted seeds, ground and taken like coffee, are purgative and not dis- agreeable; but these same seeds, only toasted and eaten in large quantities, as many herders do, produce in those who are not accustomed to this food a mild dishcarge of the urethra Similar in all respects to a blennorrhoea that does not damage and that has no consequence at all." This plant is clearly identical with Pithecellobium flexicaule (Benth.) Coult. The habit, degree of spininess, wood color, and vernacular name (in a Mimosoid in Tamaulipas) could be descriptive of no other species. The uses of the seeds described by Berlandier are very similar to those described by Standley for P. flexicaule (Contr. U.S. Nat. 386 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. 6 Herb. 23: 394. 1922). but Standley offers no information on their physiological effects. Standley reports "ebano" applied to other genera of Mimosoideae in Sinaloa and Oaxaca, but in Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leon, and Texas the vernacular name belongs strictly to Pithecellobium flexicaule. The nomenclature, therefore, requires the following recombination: PITHECELLOBIUM EBANO (Berlandier) comb. nov. Mimosa ebano Berlandier, Mosaico Mexicano 4: 418. 1840; in Berlandier and Chovel, Diario Viage Comision de Limites, p. 293. 1850; Bol. Soc. Mex. Geogr. Estad. 5: 126. 1657 Lectotype: Berlandier 2262, without data, C.W. Short Herbarium, ANS (Phila.); duplicate, "arb. 20-25 pied. vulgo "Ebano". (E]l Encinal) de S. Fernando a Santander. Berlandier legit 8bre 1830. Mexique. Berlandier N92 2262," F (dupl. ex G) Acacia flexicaulis Benth., London Journ. Bot. 1: 505. 1842. Pithecolobium texense Coult., Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 1: 37. 1890; Bot. Gaz. 15: 270. 1890. Pithecolobium flexicaule (Benth.) Coult. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 2: 101. 1891. Berlandier discussed the “ebano" in his various journal manuscripts as he encountered the species in Veracruz, Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leon, and Texas, but he made no mention of the plant beyond the range of the species as it is currently understood. Chemosystematic Notes on the Asteraceae II Acyclic Sesquiterpenes H. Robinsonl, F. Bohlmann2 and R. M. King! Abstract Elaborated acyclic sesqutterpenes prove taxo- nomtcally significant tn the Eupatorieae and Anthe- mideae. Distinctive forms occur in each tribe and a untque type of ester occurs in Brickellia. Pres- ence of Furansesqutterpenes correlated with lack of polyacetylenes further demonstrates the position of Ursinia in the Anthemideae. The acyclic sesquiterpenes in their simpler forms occur widely, Farnesol (1) as an example being found in the essential oils of many plant families. The compounds are widely distributed in mem- bers of the Asteraceae usually representing the simple precursor of the numerous sesquiterpene, diterpene and triterpene chemical path- ways developed in that family. In the recent Symposium on the Bi- ology and Chemistry of the Compositae only the treatment on the chemistry of the Anthemideae by Greger (1977) gave the chemical group any but casual notice. It seems that a few points should be brought out more clearly and the status of the group in the Astera- ceae should be summarized. The acyclic sesquiterpenes are potentially the simplest of the sesquiterpene compounds and should exist as intermediates in all sesquiterpene, pathways even though they may not accumulate in de- tectable amounts. Unelaborated forms such as Farnesol (1) are close in form to the basic theoretical three-isoprene unit of all sesquiterpenes. The general structure of the acyclics can be shown in a variety of ways, many of which suggest the manner in which they can form rings leading to other sesquiterpene types. ‘ me OH . al ‘ a FarnesolL 1Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution Washington, D.C. 20560 USA 2Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technical University D-1000 Berlin W. Germany 387 388 PHYTOLOG LA Vol. h1, No. 6 H » x OR A big n> H AZ, Fie | wd 4 Lévy ye 2. Germacradiene 3. Bisabolene 4, Drimenol The general representation preferred here is the linear form of the carbon skeleton as represented by farnesol pyrophosphate (5) the general precursor of other forms of acyclic sesquiterpenes in the Asteraceae. Lo 3453 67 8g %10!! 19 OCPP) 5 a. «aid og x Farnesol pyrophosphate (B, Bo This compound is presumed to occur in all tribes of the family in which other sesquiterpenes are found. Simple modifications in- volving elimination of water (6, 7) are also widely distributed in the family. 6. Sr ais a ee Sn A-farnesene Fe fe ot ap Ood-farnesene H 1979 Robinson, Bohlmann, & King, Chemosystematic notes 389 In the tribes the Eupatorieae and Anthemideae the acyclic ses- quiterpenes become elaborated and these elaborations are character- istic of the tribes. In a few cases the elaborations are charac- teristic of genera or groups of genera. One specialized feature found in both tribes is the use of the precursor (8) nerolidol with a tertiary alcohol group at C-10. This has also been seen in one species of Pentacalia in the Senecioneae. In spite of the occurrence of the tertiary alcohol in both tribes, other specializations in the compounds result in none of these derived forms of acyclics being precisely alike in both tribes. In the Eupatorieae other specializations occur in various mem- bers of the tribe which do not occur in the Anthemideae. In Agera- tina, Brickellia, Eupatoriwn, Eupatoriadelphus and Peteraventa there are tertiary alcohols formed by introduction of an O-function at C-6 by allylic rearrangement starting with (7). Examples are 9 and 10. OH Eupatorium erfoliatum L. Z Sry eee 9. Brickelltia S ealtfornica A.Gray OH Agerattina bustamenta (DC.) a WOR US Kk. & £0; Brickellia laciniata A.Gray One of the examples shows an additional specialization, the altered stereoisomerism of the 9,10-double bond (9). At least two basic phyletic lines in the Eupatorieae are represented by each of these specializations and they are regarded as markers at the trib- al level only. 390 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 41, No. 6 Within the Eupatorieae the most phyletically significant elab- oration seems to be the further transformation of nerolidol (8) to 5-hydroxydehydro nerolidol and esterification with Angelic acid. This specialization is found only in the genus Brickellia where it is seen in five species (11, 12). B. argyrolepis OAng - B.L.Robins. B. cylindrica a Fe YS A.Gray § Engelm, . guatemalensts B.L.Robins. rE | coe & w& OH . pacayenstis Coulter oe ee YY &——| B. squarrosa | a O B.L.Robins. § Seaton & A genus related to Brickellia, Pseudokyrstentopsts, has been examined but no acyclic sesquiterpenes have been found. Introduction of an angeloyloxy group at C-4 is common in the tribe, found in 8 genera, in potentially 6 subtribes, but it has been found in only one Brickellia. The simpler form (13) is known from Brickellia vernonicaefolta A. Gray, Eupatortadelphus dubius (Willd. ex Poir.) K §& R., Fupatorium hyssopifoltun L., and Radlko- ferotoma cisttfolium (Less.) O. Kuntze. The derived forms with the ester can be divided techically into two groups depending on the stereoisomerism derived from the oxidation at C-2 and 3. 1979 Robinson, Bohlmann, & King, Chemosystematic notes 391 The stereoisomer 14a is found in Bishovia, Eupatoriun, Eupato- riadelphus, Heterocondylus and Peteraventa. Stereoisomer 14b is found only in Ageratina scorodonotdes (A. Gray) K. & R. and Hebe- elintum macrophyllum (L.) DC. The two genera containing 14b are not in the same subtribe and the last is actually closer in relation to Peteraventa than to Ageratina. The epoxidation of the carbon 2-3 bond occurs in numer- ous members of the Eupatorieae with ester formation at C-4 but it also occurs in most acyclics of the five Brickellia species with ester formation at C-5. This precise form of oxidation is not found in the absence of the Angelic acid esters. Still, an inter- esting variant occurs in Ageratina bustanenta (DC) K. § R. (15) which indicates the form that oxidation would take in the absence of the ester side chains. O 15. 0 The acyclic sesquiterpenes of the Anthemideae also are elabo- rated by oxidation and esterification, but the esters are acetates and the oxygen is often in the form of ketones or furans. There is also an example of alcohol formation in a secondary position at C- 9 instead of C-10 (16). The acetates may form at C-12 or on both ends of the molecule or at C-5 or C-8 (16, 17, 18) (Bohlmann, et al, 1974). OH OAc 16, 392 P. BJ: T-O.4,:0 Goth Vol. 1, No. 6 OH All in Tanacetumn Ketone formation at C-4 is found in comparatively simple acy- clics in Anthemis austriaca (19, 20) (Bohlmann, et al, 1974) but is not known in Tanacetun. OH LS OH 2 O OAc The ketone unit is also present in combination with a highly modified oxidized end unit in Anthemis cotula (21) (Bohlmann, et al, 1969) 8 Zils fe) 1979 Robinson, Bohlmann, & King, Chemosystematic notes 393 Furanosesquiterpenes occur in a distinctive series of South African genera of the Anthemideae, Asaemia, (1 sp. examined) Atha- nasta, (13 sp.) Ewnorphia, (2 sp.) Lastospermun, (4 sp.) Phymasper- mum, (2 sp.) Sttlpnophytum, (1 sp.) and Ursinia, (5 sp.). There are 35 different types of these compounds known. The following are examples taken from Greger (1977). a oO S In Athanasia, Lastospermun 22. | and Stilpnophytum O oO SS SS S In Phymaspermum 7% | O In Athanasia and Lastospermum In Athanasta and Asaemta SS ee ar S In Athanasta, Asaemia 26. a | and Eumorphta O O O : a ae Sa In Athanasia a | O O In Athanasta and Ewnorphia 39h, PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. 6 The occurrence of Furanosesquiterpenes in this distinctive group of genera correlates with an absence of Polyacetylenes that is unusual in the Anthemideae. The exact relationship of the group to the Anthemideae has been questioned (Heywood § Humphries, 1977) and Urstnia has been placed in the far removed Arctotideae in the traditional systems of Bentham and Hooker (1873) and Hoffmann (1890- 1894). The erroneous positioning was the result of the geographical and pappus similarity between Ursinia and Arctotis. Corrections of the position of Ursinia and placement in or near the Anthemideae (Beauvard, 1915; Prassler, 1967; Robinson § Brettell, 1973) have re- lied on structural considerations. The correlation of Furanosesqui- terpene presence and Polyacetylene absence provides confirmation of the relationship of Ursinia at least to the distinctive series of genera in South Africa that have been consistently included in the Anthemideae. The further position of the Athanasta-Urstnta group in the An- themideae seems to be confirmed in three ways by the Furanosesqui- terpenes. Initially, elaborated acyclic sesquiterpenes are known only from the two tribes Eupatorieae and Anthemideae. Secondarily, the ketone formation at C-4 seen in Anthemis is also seen in some of the most widely distributed Furanosesquiterpenes, though ketone units at C-5 are seen also. A final and more tenuous link is in the presence of the furan units. Though polyacetylenes are absent when Furanosesquiterpenes are present, the furan units are reminis- cent of furan units in Polyacetylenes of other members of the Anthe- mideae. The general picture from an over-view of Polyacetylenes in the Asteraceae shows a tendency for highly oxygenated products in the Anthemideae in comparison to some other tribes such as the Heli- antheae and Eupatorieae. It seems significant that the acyclic ses- quiterpenes of the tribe would show the same tendency for highly ox- ygenated products. It is suggested that the same enzymatic path- ways are operating in the elaboration of both Acyclic sesquiterpenes and Polyacetylenes in the Anthemideae, and that these pathways are not evident in either group of chemicals in the Eupatorieae or in the Polyacetylenes of most tribes of the Asteraceae. Literature Cited Beauvard, G. 1915. Contribution a 1'étude des Composées. Bull. Soc. Bot. Genéve ser. 2. 7: 21-56. Bentham, G. § Hooker, J. D. 1873. Genera Plantarum. Bohlmann, F., Zdero, C. §& Grenz, M. 1969. Uber ein neues Sesquiter- pen aus Anthemts cotula L. Tetrahedron Lett., 2417-2418. 1979 Robinson, Bohlmann, & King, Chemosystematic notes 395 Bohlmann, F., Zdero, C. §& Schwarz, H. 1974. Uber neue Nerolidol- Derivate. Chem. Ber. 107: 1074-1080. Greger, H. 1977. Anthemideae-chemical review, in the Biology and Chemistry of the Compositae, V. H. Heywood, J. Harborne § B. L. Turner (eds.) 2 vol. Academic Press. Heywood, V. H. & Humphries, C. J. 1977. Anthemideae-systematic re- view, in the Biology and Chemistry of the Compositae, V. H. Heywood, J. Harborne § B. L. Turner (eds.) 2 vol. Academic Press. Hoffmann, 0. 1894. Compositae, im Engler, K. § A. Prantl. Die Nat- Urlichen Pflanzenfamilien 4(5): 87-391. Prassler, M. 1967. Revision der Gattung Ursinia. Mitt. Bot. Mun- chen 6: 363-478. Robinson, H. & R. D. Brettell. 1973. Tribal revisions in the Aster- aceae VIII. A new tribe, Ursinieae. Phytologia 26: 76-85. STUDIES IN THE EUPATORIEAE (ASTERACEAE). CLXXIV. A NEW GENUS, NOTHOBACCHARIS. R. M. King and H. Robinson Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560 For almost 150 years the species best known by the latter homomym Baccharis microphylla DC. has been represented only by the type specimen collected by Haenke from an unspecified locality in Peru in the Decandolle herbarium at Geneva. The Eupatorian nature of the species has been recognized for almost 80 years though the efforts to assign the species first to Brickellia and later to Eupatorium were uninsightful. The species has remained enigmatic aa it seemed unlikely to be resolved in time for the generic review of the tribe now in final stages of preparation. During 1978, three additional specimens from Departamento of Lima in Peru have been seen allowing for detailed examination of some characters not previously available. The details of the flowers, the simple style base, shortly clavate style tips, short oblong anther appendages, smooth corolla surfaces and clustered glands on the corolla lobes are consistent with a position in the Critonioid Eupatorieae near Koanophyllon and close relationship to that genus is assumed here. The species is technically excluded from that genus on the basis of the corolla lobes, the broadly triangular lobes of Koanophyllon being the most consistent binding feature of the more than oD species of that genus. To the corolla character can be added other details such as the scarious-margined laciniate-tipped involucral bracts and the distinctive aspect from the small leaves in densely spiralled phyllotaxy. The rather spicate form of the branches of the inflorescences are approached by some of the more typical members of the genus Koanophyllon. Nothobaccharis is also close to hryosporus but or a well-developed anther appendage, has a less enlarged style tip and lateral heads do not arise from axils of lower involucral bracts. The name chosen reflects the strong superficial resemblance of the new genus to some members of the Asterean genus Baccharis. The original misplacement of the species is thoroughly understand- able. In spite of the close relationship with Koanophyllon, no problems in recognition are anticipated in that direction. It is far more likely that future collections will continue to be mis- determined as Baccharis. 396 1979 King & Robinson, A new genus 397 Nothobaccharis R. M. King & H. Robinson, gen. nov. Plantae frutescentes interdum dense ramosae. Caules teretes subtiliter striati glandulo-punctati et dense minute puberuli. Folia dense alternata breviter petiolata; laminae suborbiculares vel ellipticae 5-10 mm longae pauce dentatae vel crenatae utrinque resino-punctatae subtrinervatae. Inflorescentiae dense thrysiformes, ramis recto-patentibus plerumque spiciformibus; squamae involucri ca. 15 subimbricatae 3-4 seriatae vix deciduae valde inaequales oblongae vel ellipticae margine scariosae superne saepe laciniate extus glandulo-punctatae; receptacula plana vel leniter convexa, glabra. Flores 6-8; corollae pallidae 4 mm longae infundibulares extus et intus laeves inferne glabrae, tubis vix angustioribus, ca. 1.5 mm longis, cellulis elongatis, parietibus leniter sinuatis, lobis 5 oblongo-ovatis ca. 0.7 mm longis et 0.4-0.5 mm latis extus dense glanduliferis raro unisetiferis; filamenta laevia in parte Superiore anguste cylindrica, cellulis breviter oblongis in parietibus minute noduliferis; cellulae endotheciales subquadratae; appendices antherarum breviter oblongae leniter latiores quam longiores; basi stylorum glabri non noduliferi, appendices stylorum inferne dense mamillosae ad apicem breviter clavatae truncatae. Achaenia prismatica 5-costata glandulifera et sparse minute plerumque in costis setifera base vix angustiora; carpopodia breviter capitata superne abrupte delimitata, cellulis superfi- Cialibus 6-7-seriatis subquadratis vel breviter oblongis ca. 15 um latis et 15-30 um longis, parietibus uniformiter incrassatis; setae pappi capillariformes uniseriatae 30-35 inferne minute scabridae superne sparse barbellatae, cellulis apicalibus argute acutis. Grana pollinis 20-23 um in diam. minute spinulifera. Type: Baccharis candolleana Steud. The genus contains a single species. Nothobaccharis candolleana (Steud.) R. M. King §& H. Robinson comb. nov. Baccharis candolleana Steud., Nomenclator Bot. ed. 2, 1: 177. 1840. Synonyms: Baccharis microphylla DC iy Prodr. 5: 406. 1836, not B. on HBK. ; Erickellia microphylla [DC] Hieron., Bot. Jahr 583. 1901; Eupatorium incarum B. L. Robinson, Mem. Gray Herb 1: 122. 1917. Specimens seen: PERU: Dept. Lima: Prov. Lima: Chosica, stony slope, alt. c. 900 m 24 IX 1940. Asplund 13766 (S); Chosica, alt. 900-1200 m30 Aug. 1950. Vargas 9626 5 Prov. Canete: Chilca, sandy plain near seashore. 5 X 1940. Asplun und 13846 (S). STUDIES IN THE HELIANTHEAE (ASTERACEAE). XVI. A NEW SUBTRIBE, ENHYDRINAE. Harold Robinson Department of Botany Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC., 20560. The completed review of the tribe Heliantheae shows the need to recognize an additional subtribe which is validated here. Enhydrinae H. Robinson, subtribus nov. Plantae herbaceae aquaticae; folia opposita. Inflorescentiae axillares sessiles. Capitula paleacea. Flores radii fertiles feminei; corollae minute limbatae adaxialiter laeves; flores disci hermaphrodi- ti: corollae adaxialiter lLaeves; thecae antherarum pallide nigrescentes, cellulis endothecialibus quadrat- is in parietibus transversalibus l-noduliferis; append- ices antherarum ovatae abaxialiter glanduliferae; lineae stigmataceae duplices; canales resiniferi in faucis solitarii interdum rubrescentes, ductis in stylis interioribus. Achaenia prismatica nigrescentia striata; cellulae superficiales ovularum inornatae. Pappus nullus. Grana pollinis ca. 27-35 p in diam. Type genus: Enhydra Lour. 398 ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS VERBENA. XXX Harold N. Moldenke VERBENA RUFIFLORA Rojas Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 182 & 37h. 1979. It seems probable to me that this binomial name applies either to V. incisa Hook. or to to V. peruviana (L.) Britton since both of these red-flowered species are native to Corrientes, VERBENA RUNYONI Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 295 (1977) and 1: 171. 1979. Recent collectors refer to this plant as "an anmal herb", much- branched from the base, and found it growing in fields and "frequent to abundant in open ground, widespread in the Lower Rio Grande Val- ley" and "rigidly erect". The corollas are said to have been “blue" on Correll 36820 and the species has been collected in anthesis in March. Additional citations: TEXAS: Brazoria Co.: Fleetwood 9459 (Au— 289988), 9526 (Au--290157). Cameron Co.: D. S. Correll 36820 (1d); Correll & Correll 38275 (Ld) Ecology Class s.n. [Palm Grove, 3.1. 30) (Au—12265); Lundell & Lundell 10753 (Au--1226)3); R. Runyon 522 (Au—290)82), 2485 (Au—2687h0——isotype), 2588 (Au-—-26616h), 4872 (Au—290h76), 6011 (Au—294797) . VERBENA xRYDBERGII Moldenke a ee ne bibliography: Mohlenbrock, Guide Vasc. Fl. Ill. 7. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 295. 1977; M & Ladd, Distrib. Ill. Vasc. Pl. [2:7] & 276. 1978. he nee Mohlenbrock (1975) says that in Illinois this hybrid occurs in "Wet ground; scattered throughout the state", VERBENA SAGITTALIS Chan. Additional synonymy: Verbena sagittalis Cham. & Schl., in herb. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 296. 1977. Material of this species has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as "Labiatae",. : eran 3 citations: BRAZIL: Paran&: Dombrowski 1985 [Kuniyoshi 709} (N). VERBENA SANTIAGUENSIS (Covas & Schnack) Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 296 & 298. 1977. The corollas on Burkart & al. 30589 are said to have been "lilac" in color when fresh and the limb "small". It was collected in anthe- sis in November. thes 9 00 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. 6 Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Santa Fé: Burkart, Troncoso, Ba- cigalupo, Guaglionone, Rotman, & Ulibarri 30589 (N). VERBENA SCABRA Vahl Additional bibliography: Stalter, Castanea 0: 13. 1975; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.28: 170. 1976; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 64: 6575. 1977; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 296—298, 60, & 61. 1977; Poppeton, Smey, & Sweet, Fla. Scient. Os 38h. 19773 Powell, Fcon. Bot. 313 2h. 1977; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 155 & 180. 1979. Recent collectors describe this plant as large, much-branched, and to 1.5 meters tall. They have found it flowering in April and July, fruiting in July. Stalter (1975) records it from the Isle of Palms, Charleston County, South Carolina. The corollas on Correll & Popenoe 8330 are said to have been "lavender—-purple" when fresh, while those on Correll & Correll 18999 were "light-lavender". The Corrells encountered V. scabra "scattered among tall herbs", and their collection is the first record of the species from the Ba- hama Islands. Duncan describes the plant as "5 feet tall, all branching in upper half or third, leaves 2 or 3 to a node, blades to 4 1/2 inches long, corolla-lobes light lavender—pink, the tube vio- let, hairs in throat white, anthers yellow" and found it growing in the open in low areas. The G. Watson H.9, distributed as V. scabra, actually is xV. al- leni Moldenke, while R. S. Mitchell 372 is V. urticifolia L. Additional citations: NORTH CAROLINA: Carteret Co.: Wilbur 9217 (Au—277798). GEORGIA: Sapelo Island: Duncan 20268 (Mi). FLORIDA: Dade Co.: Correll & Popenoe 18330 (N). Sanibel Island: Brumbach 8786 (Mi). TEXAS: Jeff Davis Co.: Correll & Correll 3526 (Id). Val Verde Co.: Smith & Butterwick 161 (Ld). NEW MEXICO: Eddy Co.: Crutchfield 207 (Ld). BAHAMA ISLANDS: Eleuthera: Correll & Correll . 48999 (N). JAMAICA: Proctor 23622 (Ld). VERBENA SCABRA var. TERNIFOLIA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.28: 170. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 298. 1977. Dancan 20268, from Sapelo Island, Georgia, is said to have had its leaves arranged both in 2's and in 3's, VERBENA SEDULA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 298. 1977. Van der Werff encountered this plant along a roadside at 580 feet altitude, flowering and fruiting in July, the corollas "pale— blue, almost white". Additional citations: GALAPAGOS ISLANDS: Chatham: Van der Werff 2181 (Ld). VERBENA SEDULA var. FOURNIERI Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 298 . 1977. 1979 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 01 Van der Werff reports this plant "common on pampa", at 2000 feet altitude, the corollas "pale=blue", flowering and fruiting in July. eariayas | citations: GALAPAGOS ISLANDS: Chatham: Van der Werff 2205 (Ld). ehhh ayo VERBENA SELLOI Spreng Additional bibliography: Flook, Sida 5: 169. 19733 Moldenke, Phy- tologia 36: 283, 296, & 298299. 1977. VERBENA SESSILIS (Cham.) Kuntze Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.28: 170. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 299 & 302. 1977. Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Corrientes: Krapovickas & Cris- tébal 16357 (Ld). a VERBENA SIMPLEX Lehn. Additional bibliography: Mohlenbrock, Guide Vasc. Fl. Ill. 366. 1975; Baskin & Baskin, Castanea 2: 14). 19773 McGregor & al., Fl. Great Plains 281, map 112). 1977; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 6): 6575. 19773 Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 299-301. 1977; R. L. Thompson, Castanea 2: 88. 1977; Thompson & Heineke, Trans. Ill. Acad. Sci. 70: 126. 1977; Mohlenbrock & Ladd, Distrib. Ill. Vasc. Pl. [2h7] & 276. 1978; Moldenke, Phytologia 0: 68. 1978. The Baskins (1977) list this species as a member of the cedar glade commnity, while Thompson (1977) refers to it as "rare" in Newton County, Arkansas. Mohlenbrock (1975) says that in Dlinois it occurs in "Prairies, fields, waste ground; occasional and scat- tered throughout the state"; Thompson & Heineke (1977) list it from Jackson County. Additional citations: NEW JERSEY: County undetermined: Knies— kern s.n. (Mi). VIRGINIA: Fairfax Co.: Blake 8473 (1d). NORTH CAROLINA: Durham Co.: Radford 4475 (Ld). KANSAS: Allen Co.: Acker= man Kan.2-23) (Ld). Douglas Co.: Horr E.76 (La). OKLAHOMA: Choc- taw Co.: Taylor & Taylor 15953 (1d). VERBEMA STRICTA Vent. Additional bibliography: Asai, Journ. Jap. Bot. 50: 311—316. 19753 Mohlenbrock, Guide Vasc. Fl. Ill. 366 & 367. 1975; McGregor & al., Fl. Great Plains 282, map 1125. 19773; Moldenke, Biol. Ab- str. 64: 6575. 1977; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 300, 302—307, U5l, & 461. 1977; R. L. Thompson, Castanea 2: 88. 19775; Mohlenbrock & Ladd, Distrib. Ill. Vasc. Pl. [2h7] & 276. 1978; A. L. Moldenke, Phytologia 39: 18). 1978. ae Swanso fers to this species as “abundant in open spo dry ay Sesmatly cultivated fields mixed with shrubs, range herbs, and young hardwoods" — a photograph of the Locality cluded with his no. 170h — and "common in sumny open areas". He asserts that the corollas were “purple” on his no. 2175, Be Mere were also on Webster 4280. Thompson (1977) refers to erie as only “occasional” in Newton County, Arkansas. Asai (19 402 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. 6 ports finding it in waste places in Tokyo, Japan, as an introduced weed. Mohlenbrock (1975) says that in Illinois the species occurs in "Prairies, pastures, fields, common; in every co[ounty]". Additional citations: ILLINOIS: Pike Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 31509 (Le). WISCONSIN: Vernon Co.t Swanson 170k (N), 2175 (N) . MISSOURI: Reynolds Co.: D'Arcy 6); (Ld). ARKANSAS: Craighead Co.: Demaree 5085 (Mi). OKLAHOMA: Custer Co.: Seigler 1569 (Au— 281502). Osage Co.: Webster 280 (Mi). Sequoyah Co.: Taylor & Taylor 10823 (ld). ~ a VERBENA STRICTA f. ALBIFLORA Wadmond Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 390. 197k; Mohlenbrock, Guide Vasc. Fl. Ill. 366. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 303. 1977; A. L. Moldenke, Phytologia 39: 18). 1978. Brooks & Hauser encountered this plant in sandy brushy areas, flowering in July. Additional citations: KANSAS: Butler Co.: Brooks & Hauser 13225 (N). VERBENA STRICTA f. ROSEIFLORA Benke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 391. 197; Mohlenbrock, Guide Vasc. Fl. Ill. 366. 1975. VERBENA STRIGOSA Cham. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 307--308. 1977. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Parand: Hatschbach 3259h (Mi). xVERBENA STRUPOSA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.25: 379. 19753 Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 171. 1975. VERBENA SUBINCANA (Troncoso) Shinners Additional bibliography: Flook, Sida 5: 169. 1973; Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 171. 1975. VERBENA SULPHUREA D. Don Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 64: 6575. 19775 Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 308. 1977; Markgraf & D'Antoni, Pollen Fl. Argent. 99. 1978. Additional citations: CHILE: Valparaiso: Zéllner 8208 (N). VERBENA SULPHUREA var. INTERMEDIA Kuntze Additional synonymy: Verbena macrosperma Speg., Rev. Argent. Bot. 1: 218—220. 1926. Glandularia macrosperma (Speg.) Tronc. Darwiniana 18: 317. 197k. SS oa ‘ Additional & emended bibliography: Speg., Rev. Argent. Bot. 1: 218——220. 1926; A.W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 8s 2h6. 19333 Fedde & Schaust. in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 5h (2) 747. 19343 Fedde in Just, Bot. Jahresber. 59 (2): 17. 19393; Moldenke, Known Geogr. 1979 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 4,03 Distrib. Verbenac., [ed. 1], h2, hu, 101, & 102 (192) and [ed. 2], 102, 106, 107, 198, & 199. 1949; Anon., U. S. Dept. Agr. Bot. Subj. Index 15: 1361. 1958; Moldenke, Résumé 122, 127, 128, 376, 72, & 47h. 19593; Moldenke, Phytologia 10: 119121. 1964; Hocking, Ex- cerpt. Bot. A.9: 365. 1965; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 289 (1967) and 16: 100. 1968; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 193, 201, & 202 (1971) and 2: 699, 916, & 920. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 23: 298 (1972), 2h: 227 (1972), and 28: 25h, hl, & 457. 197ks Troncoso, Darwiniana 18: 317, 318, 09, & 412. 197k Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 15h. 1975. VERBENA SULPHUREA var. LONGITUBA Kuntze Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 2h: 227. 1972. Zollner encountered this plant at 2600 meters altitude, flower- ing in October. Additional citations: CHILE: Coquimbo: Zollner 99) (Z). VERBENA SUPINA L. Additional bibliography: T. Johnson, Gerard Herbal, ed. 3, 717— 719, fig. 2. 19753 Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 451—53. 19775 Mol- denke, Biol. Abstr. 65: 71. 1978. Additional illustrations: T. Johnson, Gerard Herbal, ed. 3, 717, fig. 2. 1975. saatttanne? citations: HUNGARY: Koren s.n. [26 Julio 1877] (Au— 276918) . ", ols aees VERBENA TAMPENSIS Nash Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 53. 19773 Poppeton, Shuey, & Sweet, Fla. Scient. 0: 38). 1977. VERBENA xTEASII Moldenke | Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 28: 39h. 197k; Arora, Biol. Abstr. 66: 2513. 1978; Arora, Cytologia 43: 91—96, fig. 1—8. 1978. Illustrations: Arora, Cytologia 3: 92 & 93, fig. 1C, 3, &h. 1978. Arora (1978) reports that "The hybrid, knom as V, xteasii is intermediate between the parents (V. temmisecta and V. hybrida) in morphology and shows complete male sterility but reasonable amount of female fertility, despire normal pairing at metaphase I. This sterility could not be altered by colchiploidy indicating a genetic nature of male sterility. The amphidiploid has predomin- ant bivalent pairing which indicates that the genomes of the par= ent species are structurally differentiated." VERBENA TENERA Spreng. Additional bibliography: Lépez~Palacios, Fl. Venez. Verb. 560 & 65. 1977; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 53—l54. 1977. VERBENA TENUISECTA Briq. Additional bibliography: Hepper in Hutchins. & Dals., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 2: 34. 1963; Gubanov, Pavlov, & Yums, Byull. Mosk. O-va Ispyt. Prir. Otd. Biol. 80: 82—91. 19753; Arora, Biol. Me) PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 41, No. 6 Abstr. 65: 3288. 19773 Arora, Cytologia Tokyo 2: 653-660. 19773 Gubanov, Pavlov, & Yurms, Biol. Abstr. 6): 710. 1977; Lelong, Sida 7: 140. 19773 Lépez-Palacios, Fl. Venez. Verb. 560, 575-578, 653, & 654, fig. 135. 1977; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 64: 657). 19773; Mol- denke, Phytologia 36: 153—l57. 1977; K. EB. Rogers, Sida 7: 78. 1977; Arora, Biol. Abstr. 66: 2513. 1978; Arora, Cytologia 43: 91, 92, 9h, & 95, fig. 1A & 2. 1978; Liogier, Moscosoa 1: 38. 1978; Moldenke, Biol, Abstr. 65: 71. 1978; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 157, 177, & 366. 1979. ‘ameeia illustrations: Arora, Cytologia 3: 92, fig. 1A & 2. 1978. It seems most probable to me that the V. tenera Spreng., re- corded for Nigeria by Hepper (1963), will turn out to be V. temi- secta on re-examination, since the latter is a very widespread species in gardens and introduced, while the former is not. On the other hand, the "Verbena temisecta" illustrated by Lépez—Palacios (1977) is certainly not that species and probably is V. monacensis Moldenke instead. Gubanov and his associates (1975) record V. temisecta from Af- ghanistan. Bayliss, misidentifying it as V. bonariensis L., reports it "introduced but now widespread [in Cape Province, South Africa] on roadsides in sandy conditions, semi-prostrate but sometimes straggling in low vegetation", the corollas "bright-mauve". Lelong (1977) asserts that it is "Rare, in dry open woods" in Mobile Coun- ty, Alabama, while Rogers (19775 reports it "Common along roads and in other open sandy sites. Introduced" in Forrest and Perry Coun- ties, Mississippi. Walker (1976) lists it as cultivated on Okinawa island. Arora (1977) selfed autotriploids of V. temisecta and then crossed these with the diploid type (2n = 10). The progeny yielded plants with chromosomes varying in count from 10 to 16. The dif- ferent polysomics were analyzed morphologically and cytologically. Some triploids (3x = 15) were morphologically distinctive and their karyotypic analysis showed that they had a constitution of 3n = 15+ 1-1, being tetrasomic and disomic for 1 chromosome each. The na- ture and extent of transmission of extra chromosomes in different polysomics are discussed by him. The presence of an extra satel- lite chromosome induces larger flower size and profuse flowering, whereas its absence in the hypotriploid adversely effects plant habit and flower size. Lépez—Palacios (1977) cites the following collections from Ven- ezuela (but it is not certain which of these actually represent V. temuisecta and which are V. tenera Spreng. or V. monacensis Molden- ket Aragua: Trujillo 3373. Federal District: Lasser 3480; Ll. Wil- liams 10138. Mérida: Ruiz-Terdn & Lépez-Palacios 6201. Trujille: Ruiz-Terén & Lépez-Palacios 7599. Yaracuy: Trujillo 163%. He re- cords the vernacular name, "Virginia". Liogier (1978) cites his no. 23071 as cultivated and escaped in the Dominican Republic. Material of V. temisecta has been misidentified and distributed 1979 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena OS in some herbaria as V. incisa Hooke Additional citations: FLORIDA: Jackson Co.: B, M. Davis s.n. (Mar. 2, 1933] (Mi). SOUTH AFRICA: Cape Province: Bayliss BS.73k) (W— 2778880). CULTIVATED: Dominican Republic: Ekman H.12615 (Ld). MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: E. H. Walker, Fl. Okin. & South. Ryuk. 8. 1976 (W). VERBENA TEUCRIIFOLIA Mart. & Gal. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 57. 1977. Recent collectors have encountered this plant "in ridgetop mead- ows, dark-brown loamy clay soil, common", along "roadsides in val- ley between farms or corn and Agave with shrubs and many Lupims marshalliams", and in pine forests with "suelo cafe arcillozo al- go rocoso, muy frio". They describe it as a perennial herb to 25 cm. long, creeping, rooting at the nodes, forming colonies 0.5 me in diameter. They have found it 2700—3155 m. altitude, flowering in Jamaary and July. Calzada reports it as "rare". The corollas were "purple" on Calzada 2127 and "pinkish-lavender" on Sanders 74119. Additional citations: MEXICO: México: Wieder, Dunn, Bennett, & Torke 77 (N). Veracruz: Calzada 2127 (N). GUATEMALA: Totonicapan: Sanders 7119 (Mi). VERBENA TOWNSENDII Svenson Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 58 (1977) and 41: 169. 1979. Van der Werff describes what he regards as this species as often prostrate, the leaf shape variable, the corollas light-blue, and encountered it on wet southwest slopes of a volcano at 3000 feet altitude, flowering and fruiting in August. Additional citations: GALAPAGOS ISLANDS: Albemarle: Van der Werff 2286 (Z). vo, VERBENA TRACHEA R. A. Phil. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 2h: 243. 1972. ZSliner found this species growing at 2600 m. altitude, flower- ing in November. "S adi tional citations: CHILE: Coquimbo: Zollner 997h (Z). VERBENA TRIFIDA H.B.K. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 458 (1977) and hl: 1796 1979 Lépez=Palacios, in a personal communication to me, reports the vernacular name, “cinamono", in Colombia "“segiin ejemplar 3685 (6) de Triana", VERBENA URTICIFOLIA L. Additional bibliography: Russell, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am. 56: 151. 1963; E. M. Bush, Castanea 1: 304. 1976; McGregor & al., Fl. 1,06 P eh 20's 0 Ob Vol. h1, No. 6 Great Plains 282, map 1126. 1977; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: )58-- 62. 1977; Musselman, Nickrent, & Levy, Rhodora 79: 26). 19775 Noblick, Annot. List Herb. Spec. M, Mitch. Assoc. 179. 1977; Powell, Econ. Bot. 31: 42h. 1977; E. E. Rogers, Sida 7: 75. 19773 R. L. Thompson, Castanea 2: 88. 1977; Thompson & Heineke, Trans. Tll. Acad. Sci. 70: 126. 1977; Frankel, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 105: 15. 1978; Mohlenbrock & Ladd, Distrib. Ill. Vasc. Pl. (2h7] & 276. 19783; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 65: 71. 1978; A. L. Moldenke, Phytologia 39: 18). 1978; Mound & Halsey, Whitefly World 216. 1978; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 173. 1979. Rogers (1977) refers to this species as "Infrequent or rare in disturbed low woods. Native" in Forrest and Perry Counties, Mississippi, while Thompson (1977) avers that it is "common" in Newton County, Arkansas. Bush (1976) records it from Barbour County, West Virginia, but all the material I have thus far seen from this county is var. leiocarpa Perry & Fernald. Brooks & Hauser refer to typical V. urticifolia as "common in moist sandy soil of shaded roadside ditches" in Butler County, Kansas. Fran- kel (1978) lists it from Westchester County, New York. Noblick (1977) cites G. B. Gardner s.n. [Aug. 30, 1909] from Nantucket County, Massachusetts. Mohlenbrock (1975) comments: "Leaves hir- sute on the lower surface; nutlets about 2 mm. long, corrugated on [the] back" and says that in Illinois the species occurs in "Fields, thickets, disturbed woods, common in every co|[unty]"; Thompson & Heineke (1977) reports it from Jackson County. Russell (1963) and Mound & Halsey (1978) report V. urticifolia as host to a whitefly, Trialeurodes packardi (Morrill) Quaint. & Bak. Additional citations: MASSACHUSETTS: Norfolk Co.: Blake 11077 (Ld). NEW JERSEY: Hunterdon Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 31463 (Ac, Le, Ld, N). NORTH CAROLINA: Catawba Co.: Bell 5.n- [Sept. 8, 1968] (Ld). SOUTH CAROLINA: Union Co.: Bell 10497 (Au—17979) « ILLINOIS: Pike Co.: Moldenke & Moldenke 31508 (Le). KANSAS: At-~ chison Co.: Horr & McGregor E.531 (Ld). Butler Co.: Brooks & Hauser 13215 (N). ARKANSAS: Garland Co.: Re on 1487 (Au). OKLAHOMA: Cherokee Co.: R. S. Mitchell 3742 (Ld). Cleveland Coe? J. Taylor 23015 (Id). Comanche Co.: Taylor & Taylor 20906 (Ld). Murray Co.: Correll & Correll 39028 (Ld). TEXAS: Franklin Co.: Correll & Correll 36583 (Ld). Lamar Co.: D. S. Correll 37530 (ld). Wheeler Co.: Martins 2278 (Ld). VERBENA URTICIFOLIA var. LEIOCARPA PERRY & Fernald Additional bibliography: Mohlenbrock, Guide Vasc. Fl. Ill. 367. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 3%: 460—l62. 19775 Mohlenbrock & Ladd, Distrib. Ill. Vasc. Pl. (2u7] & 276. 1978; A. L. Moldenke, Phyto~ logia 39: 184. 1978. Mohlenbrock (1975) says of this variety: "Leaves velutinous on the lower surface; mtlets about 1.5 mm long, not corrugated on 1979 Moldenke, Notes on Verbena 07 the back" and says that in Illinois it occurs in "Low ground; Cook and Kane" counties, Additional citations: NEW JERSEY: Ocean Co.: Moldenke & Mol- denke 31537 (Ac, Lc, Ld). VERBENA VALERIANOIDES H.B.K. Additional bibliography: Garcis Barriga, Fl. Med. Colomb. 2: 51h. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 462 (1977) and ll: 179. 1979. In a personal communication to me, Lépez—Palacios reports the vernacular name, "verbena negra", for this species in Colombia. VERBENA VILLIFOLIA Hayek Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 62. 1977. Richardson refers to this plant as prostrate and found it scat- tered in rocky soil along roadsides, flowering in March, the cor ollas described as having been "blue" when fresh. Additional citations: PERU: Junfn: Richardson 2066 (N). VERBENA VIOLATA Rojas ‘ eam bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: )62——)63. 977. Rojas Acosta (1897) calls this plant "margarita morada". VERBENA WRIGHTII A. Gray Additional bibliography: McGregor & al., Fl. Great Plains 569. 1977; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 63. 1977; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 65: 71. 1978; Moldenke, Phytologia 39: 161 (1977) and 1: 16) & 165. 1979. Recent collectors refer to this plant as having crect stems and as "locally common to frequent on rocky slopes", “common in grassy openings in oak=-juniper woodlands", "locally common around edge of intermittent ponds", and "locally common on grassland and sparse creosote-bush deserts". They have found it growing at )400—6000 feet altitude, flowering in April, May, and July. The corollas are said to have been "pink" on Holmgren & Holmgren 7010 & 6080, "purple" on Webster 1,66, and "mauve" on Dechamps 1,012. McGregor (1977) reports this species from Harding — counties, New Mexico, and bined and Harper sednetia “tigl mA. The Semple 20, distributed as Vo wrightii, actually is V. an- brosifolia Rydb., while Edwards & Repase 1754 is V. bipinnatifida Nutt., Reskind, Henrickson, Wendt, Chiang, & Johnston 11858 is V. delticola Small, and N. H. Holmgren 6692 and Holmgren & Holmgren 6784 are V. wrightii var. intermedia Moldenke. zi} LD pcan citations: TEXAS: Brewster Co.: Webster lh66 (Mi). MEXICO: Chaves Co.: Holmgren & Ho n 6 N). Hi Co.: Dechamps 012 (Ld). ARIZONA: feat? Gauss At & Hole gren 7040 (N), 7080 (N). ¥ 08 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. 6 VERBENA WRIGHTII var. INTERMEDIA Moldenke, Phytologia 39: 161. 1978. Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 39: 161. 1978. The Holmgrens found this plant growing on creosotebush-mesquite- cholla deserts, at 2900--5000 feet altitude, flowering and fruit- ing in April, and "locally common to frequent" in pinyon-juniper- oak woodland on southwest—facing slopes. The corollas are said to have been "pink, withering blue". Citations: ARIZONA: Pima Co.: N. H. Holmgren 6692 (N)s Holmgren & Holmgren 678) (N-type) . VERBENA XUTHA Lehm. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: h63—L6h. 1977; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 63: 1852 (1977) and 65: 71. 19785 Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 171 & 173. 1979. Recent collectors refer to this plant as "bushy, procumbent to erect" and have found it growing among Acacia farnesiana and "in arid scrub with a purple scrophulariaceous shrub", at 2100 feet altitude. The corollas are said to have been "blue" on Killip 42107, "bluish-lavender" on Lundell 15082, "lavender" on Correll 35266 and on Correll & Correll 38983, and "pinkish-white with white throat" on Traverse 2510. Material of this species has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as V. hastata L. On the other hand, the Ecology Class Univ. Texas s.n. [Palm Grove, 3.1.30], previously cited by me as V. xutha, actually represents V. runyoni Moldenke as does also Fleetwood 9526 distributed as V. mtha. Additional citations: OKLAHOMA: McCurtain Co.: J, Taylor 22823 (Ld). TEXAS: Brazoria Co.: Killip 2107 (Au—-122886). Brazos Co.: Parks s.n. [6-7-7] (Au--122890). Chambers Co.: Traverse 2510 (Id). Galveston Co.: Correll & Correll 38983 (Ld). Lavaca Co. Tharp, Rogers, & York 49199 (Au—122829). Liberty Co.: C. L. Lundell 15082 (Ld—287008). McLennan Co.: L. D. Smith 736 (Au—122872). Polk Co.: Correll & Correll 38819 (Ld). San Jacinto Co.: D. S. Cor rell 35266 (N). MEXICO: Nuevo Leén: Bennett, Torke, Wieder, & Dunn 612 (Au). oe ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE ERIOCAULACEAE. LXXXI Harold N. Moldenke For a detailed explanation of the herbarium acronyms employed in this paper and in all other papers in this series in this journal, see my Fifth Summary 2: 795=—-801 (1971). ERIOCAULACEAE Lindl. Additional & emended bibliography: Stapf in Johnston, Liberia 2: 662. 1906; Koidz., Icon. Pl. Koisak. 1: 157, pl. 79. 1913; Matsum., Icon. Pl. Koisikav. 1: 158, pl. 79. 1913; Lecomte, Bull. Soc. Bot. Lyon. 38: 11). 19143 Ule, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 52, Beibl. 115: 2-53. 1914; Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber,. 1: 13. 1916; Koidz., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. 15: 17h. 1918; Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 2: 1213. 1920; Wangerin, Justs Bot. Jahresber. 2: 395. 1921; Haines, Bot. Bihar & Orissa, ed. 1, 6: 1066--1071. 192); Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 1, 2: 32h & 326-—328, fig. 292. 1931; Bond, Wild Fls. Ceyl. Hills ps Be ks MS 232——233, & 239, pl. 120. 1953; Haines, Bot. Bihar & Orissa, ed. 2, 3: 111)—-1120. 1961; Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afre, ed. 2, 3: 57-67 & 540, fig. 336——339. 19683 Anon., Bibliog. Agricult. 35: 17h & 25. 19713; Fonseka & Vinasithamby, Prov. List Local Names Flow. Pl. Ceyl. 29, 9, & 70. 1971; Shos- teck, Flow. & Pl. 208. 1973 Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.25: 378— 380 (1975) and A.26: 29 & 89-90. 1975; Speliman, Dwyer, & Davidse, Rhodora 77: 12). 1975; Bouchard & Hay, Rhodora 78: 256. 19763 Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.25: 378—~380 (1975), A.26: 29 & 89—90 (1975), and A.28: 170, 171, & 259. 1976; Cleene & De Ley, Bot. Rev. 2: 03. 19763 Kral, Rhodora 78: ll. 1976; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 61: 488). 19763 Moldenke in Steyerm. & Brewer-Carfas, Bol. Soc. Venez. Cienc. Nat. 132/133: 281—286, fig. 3 & h. 1976; Monteiro- Scanavacca & Mazzoni, Bol. Bot. Univ. S. Paulo ): [105]—111, fig. 1—16. 1976; Monteiro-Scanavacca, Mazzoni, & Ginlietti, Bol. Bot. Univ. S. Paulo k: (61]--72, fig. 1~—1h. 1976; Rogerson & Becker, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 103: 192. 1976; Steyerm. & Brewer—Carfas, Bol. Soc. Venez. Cienc, Nat. 132/133: 181-183, 197, 199, 200, 237, & 20. 1976; Batson, Gen, East. Pl. 0, 191, 195, & 201. 19775 ™, P. B." ([Moldenke], Biol. Abstr. 63: 6594. 1977; Lelong, Sida 7: 127. 1977; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 63: 2452, 261, 3041, & 6590 (1977) and 64: 686, 1838, 2433, 245, 4787, 538k, & 6581. 1977; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 68197, 501-50, 506-508, 510, & 511 (1977), 37: 22—58, 68—97, 252—275, 420-—23, 485— 499, 50h, 506, & 508—512 (1977), and 38: 23--50 & 118-13). 19773 H. N. & A. L. Moldenke, Cord. Greet. 1 & h. 1977; Noblick, Annot. List Herb. Spec. M. Mitch. Assoc. 81 & 218. 1977; Periasamy, Proc. India Acad. Sci. 868: 11. 1977; Poole, Rhodora 79: 312. 19773 Poppeton, Shuey, & Sweet, Fla. Scient. 0: 372. 1977; Richardson, 409 1,10 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 41, No. 6 Fla. Scient. 0: 302 & 303. 1977; Rogerson, Becker, & Prince, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 10: 10. 1977; B. C. Stone, Henderson's Malay. Wild Fls. Append. 23. 1977; Stuckey & Roberts, Sida 7: 32. 1977; J. Taylor, Cat. Vasc. Aquat. Wetl. Pl. Okla. [Herb. SE. Ok- la. St. Univ. Publ. 1:] 2h, 9, 54, & 59. 1977; Anon., Biol. Ab- str. 65 (8): C.22. 1978; Anon., Roy. Bot. Gard. Kew. Lib. Curr. Aware. List 7: 29 (1978) and 8: 33. 1978; Curtin in Lapedes, Mc Graw-Hill Dict. Scient. Techn. Terms, ed. 2, 555. 1978; Eiten, Vegetatio 36: 17). 1978; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 65: 78, 3117, 3719, & 4341. 1978; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 178—202, 506, 507, 509, & 511 (1978), 39: 161, 510, & 512 (1978), Os 261, 316, 509, & 511 (1978), and 41: 10. 1978; Rogerson, Becker, & Prince, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 105: 83-8 & 16. 1978; Satake, Journ. Jap. Bot. 53: 107-111, fig. 1 & 2. 1978; Scoggan, Fl. Canada 2: 459. 1978. Curtin (1978) gives an interesting "definition" of this family of plants: "an order of monocotyledonous plants in the Subclass Commelinidae, having a perianth reduced or lacking, and having unisemual flowers aggregated on a long peduncle". He uses the Order name Eriocaulales. BLASTOCAULON Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 6h: 686. 19775 Woldenke, Phytologia 36: 69 & 501 (1977) and 37: 78 & 50h. 19775 Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 65: 78. 1978. BLASTOCAULON ALBIDUM (G. Gardn.) Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3h: 391. 1976. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Mexia 5719 (Au-— 26721). BLASTOCAULON RUPESTRE (G. Gardn.) Ruhl. ee Moldenke, Phytologia 3h: 391 (1976) and 373 e ry week citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Mexia 5780 (Au-- 26801) . re CARPTOTEPAIA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 69 & 502. 19773 Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 6h: 686 (1977) and 65: 78. 1978. COMANTHERA L. B. Sm. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 69 & 503 (1977) and 37: h93. 19773 Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 6h: 686 (1977) and 65: 78. 1978. COMANTHERA KEGELIANA (Korn.) Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 469 (1977) and 37: 193. 19773 Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 65: 78. 1978. ERIOCAULON Gron. Additional & emended bibliography: Stapf in Johnston, Liberia 23 1979 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 11 662. 1906; Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 1: 13. 1916; Koidz., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. 15: 17). 1918; Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 42: 12-13. 1920; Haines, Bot. Bihar & Oris- sa, ed. 1, 6: 1066-—1071. 192; Hutchins, & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 1, 2: 32h & 326—327. 1931; Bond, Wild Fls. Ceyl. Hills xiii, 232—233, & 239, pl. 120. 1953; R. C. Foster, Contrib. Gray Herb. 18h: 39. 1958; Haines, Bot. Bihar & Orissa, ed. 2, 3: 1N1)— 1120. 1961; Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 57-6, fig. 336—338. 1968; Fonseka & Vinasithamby, Prov. List Local Names Flow, Pl. Ceyl. 29, 49, & 70. 1971; Shosteck, Flow. & Pl. 208. 1971; Spellman, Dwyer, & Davidse, Rhodora 77: 12). 19755 Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.25: 378 & 479 (1975) and A,28: 170. 1976; Bouchard & Hay, Rhodora 78: 256. 19763 Mold. in Steyerm. & Brewer— Carfas, Bol. Soc. Venez. Cienc. Nat. 132/133: 281. 1976; Monteiro- Scanavacca, Mazzoni, & Giulietti, Bol. Bot. Univ. S. Paulo ): 65 & 66. 1976; Batson, Gen. East. Pl. 0-& 191. 1977; Lelong, Sida 7: 127.1977; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 63: 2461 (1977) and 64: 686. 19773 Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 69—193 S50 (1977), S72 2h,*26, 30, 31S 50, 55, 5B p69 76, “FT, IPs 80, 87--89, 257, 263, 264, 271, 272, 22, 423, 485—89, 96, & 506 (1977) and 38: 23, 26, 39, O, 6, 47, 118, 120, 126, 129, 131, & 132. 19773 Noblick, Annot. List Herb. Spec. M. Mitch. As=- soc. 81 & 218. 1977; Poppeton, Shuey, & Sweet, Fla. Scient. 0: 372. 1977; Richardson, Fla. Scient. 0: 302. 1977; Stuckey & Rob- erts, Sida 7: 32. 1977; Periasamy, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 868: 11. 1977; B. C. Stone, Henderson's Malay. Wild Fls. Append. 23. 1977; J. Taylor, Cat. Vasc. Aquat. Wetl. Pl. Okla. [Herb. SE. Ok- la. St. Univ. Publ. 12] 24, 49, 54, & 59. 1977; Craig, Proc. Fla. State Hortic. Soc. 90: 110. 1978; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 65: 78. 1978; Moldenke, Phytologia 38: 180, 190-192, 203, & 506. 1978; Satake, Journ. Jap. Bot. 53: 110. 1978; Scoggan, Fl. Canada 2: 459. 1978. The W. V. Brown s.n. [June 18, 1941] and Taylor & Taylor 5215, distributed as Eriocaulon sp., actually are Lachnocaulon beyrichi- amum Sporleder, while Cardona Puig 286 is a species of Xyris. ERIOCAULON ABYSSINICUM Hochst. Additional & emended bibliography: Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 1, 2: 326. 1931; Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 58, 61, & 63, fig. 338/19. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 3h: 392. 1976. Additional illustrations: Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 61, fig. 336/19. 1968. Meikle (1968) characterizes this species as "Small and inconspic- uous; scapes few, 11/2 — 3 1/2 in. high; leaves narrowly subulate; capitula greyish-fuscous, subglobose, 2—-3 mm. diam.", citing Hep~ per 1126 and Lely P.786 from Northern Nigeria, listing it also from Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rhodesia, and South Africa, flow- ering in October. 12 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. 6 ERIOCAULON ACHITON Ktrn. , Additional & emended bibliography: Haines, Bot. Bihar & Orissa, d. 1, 6: 1067 & 1070—1071 (192) and ed. 2, 3: 1115 & 1119. 19613 Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 470. 1977; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. ERIOCAULON ADAMESII Meikle Additional & emended bibliography: Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 58, 61, & 64, fig. 338/26. 1968; Mol- denke, Phytologia 29: 87. 197h. Fmended illustrations: Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 61, fig. 338/26. 1968. Meikle (1968) characterizes this species as a "Slender annual; scapes erect, to about in. high; leaves numerous, narrowly subu- late; capitula globose, 2—-3.5 mm. diam., greenish, without notice- able involucral bracts", citing Adames 91, 97, & sen. [Herb. Deigh- ton 4151], Deighton 5630, Dinklage 3009, Harvey 112, and Jordan 621, all from Sierra Leone, flowering in Jamary and from Septem ber to November. ERIOCAULON AFZELIANUM Wikstr. Additional synonymy: Eriocaulon heterochiton Lecomte (in part) apud Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 62, in syn. 1968 [not E. heterochiton Korn., 1867, nor "sensu Lecomte", 1968, nor A. Chev., 1959]. Additional bibliography: Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 1, 2: 326 & 327. 1931; Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 58, 59, & 62—-63, fig. 336/10. 1968; Molden ke, Phytologia 3h: 392. 1976. Illustrations: Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 59, fig. 336/10. 1968. Meikle (1968) includes here as synonyms E. kouroussense Lecomte and E. heterochiton Lecomte, in part (not E. heterochiton Korn.). He characterizes the species as having "Scapes erect, few to numer ous, peduncles shining, pale brown, capitula depressed-globose, to about 5 mm. diam., involucral bracts pale brownish", He cites the following collections: SENEGAL: Berhaut 6633 & 6769, Raynal 6795. GUINEA: Chevalier 18810bis, Jacques-Félix 7327, Pobéguin 615, The "E. heterochiton sensu Lecomte" of Meikle (1968) is E. ir- regulare Meikle, while the E. heterochiton of Chevalier is &. plu- male Ns Se Bry ERTOCAULON ALPINUM Van Royen Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3): 393. 1976. 1979 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 413 Recent collectors describe this plant as having leaves "mid— to dark-green, shiny or semi-glossy", the "flowers light-green" or the "corolla more or less colorless, anthers black", the roots white, forming small, flat, hard mats in Gleichenia vulcanica dom inated subalpine recently fired bogs or forming hard compact cush— ions extending under water in hard cushion bogs surrounding tarns, the submerged leaves larger, darker, and more attenuate, at 3000— 3300 meters altitude, flowering in April and May. Additional citations: NEW GUINEA: Territory of New Guinea: Bar- ker LAE .66938 (Mu); Croft & Leleal LAE.65869 (Mu). ERIOCAULON ANGUSTIFOLIUM Korn. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 32: 6h. 1975. Recent collectors describe this plant as an aquatic herb in very slowly running water to 1 meter deep, the leaves submerged, and the flowers borne only about 3 cm. above the water level. They have found it in flower and fruit in September. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goids: Haas, Haas, & Belém 227 {[Herb. Brad. 49021] (N). . ob ua ERIOCAULON AQUATICUM (J. Hill) Druce Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 71. 19773 Scoggan, Fl. Canada 2: 59. 1978. ERIOCAULON ARGENTINUM Castell. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 71 & 80. 1977. Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Corrientes: Krapovickas, Cris- tébal, Arbo, Marufiak, Marufiak, & Irigoyen 17252 (Id). ERIOCAULON ATRATUM Korn. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 72. 1977. Hepper refers to this plant as "shortly tufted" and encounter- ed it "in wet flush with melastomaceous shrubs" at 6300 feet al- titude. Additional citations: SRI LANKA: Hepper 28 (N); Sohmer & Sumithraarachchi 9863 (N). ERIOCAULON ATRATUM var. MAJOR Thwaites Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 72. 1977 Recent collectors describe this plant as an herb, 33 cm. tall, the flower-heads white or fuscous, and found it growing in montane or in secondary montane forests, at 1700—1735 meters altitude, flowering in February and December. Additional citations: SRI LANKA: Bernardi 16091 (W—2876012); Waas 1138 (W—2769021). ERIOCAULON BENTHAMI Kunth Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 473. 1977. Additional citations: MEXICO: Jalisco: R. MoVaugh 20173 (Au— lb PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 41, No. 6 263333). Michoacén: Barkley, Paxson, & Webster 2736 (Au—166193)$ Iltis, Koeppen, & Iltis 09 (Au--2269))8) . ERIOCAULON BIFISTULOSUM Van Heurck & Muell.-Arg. Additional & emended bibliography: Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 1, 2: 326. 1931; Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. eT Afr., ed. 2, 3: 62. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 395. Additional illustrations: Meikle in Hutchins, & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 60, fig. 337/9. 1968. Hutchinson & Dalziel (1931) characterize this species as "An almost submerged aquatic in swamps" and cite Barter 1021, Caille son. [Herb. Chevalier 14958], Chevalier 22251, and Lane-Poole 31 from French Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Northern Nigeria, Sudan, and Rhodesia, flowering in March, August, September, and November. Meikle (1968) adopts E. setaceum L. as the proper name for the species; in fact, he regards E. limosum Engl. & Ruhl., E. bifistulosum Van Heurck & Muell.-Arg., and E, melanocephalum Kunth as synonyms of E. setaceum L., characterizing the species as a "Floating aquatic; stems elongate, clothed with mmerous filiform leaves; scapes generally mumerous; capitula blackish, small, sel- dom exceeding |; mm, diam." He cites the following African col- lections: SENAGAL: Berhaut 6502. MALI: Davey 22, Monod sen. GUI- NEA BISSAU: Esp. Santo 2195. GUINEA: Adames 37), Jacques-Félix 7361, Schnell 7056. SIERRA LEONE: Adames 9), Deighton 279k, Jor— dan 815, Marmo 226. LIBERIA: Adames 566. GHANA: Hall CC.431. NIGERIA: Northern: Barter 1021, Hepper 1030, Latilo & Daramola FHI .2888, Lawlor & Hall 1. He lists it as flowering from August to December and in February. ERIOCAULON BONGENSE Engl. & Ruhl. Additional & emended bibliography: Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 1, 2: 325-327. 1931; Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 58, 61, & 63, fig. 338/18. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 29: 94 (1974) and 31: 397. 1975. Emended illustrations: Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 61, fig. 338/18. 1968. Meikle (1968) says of this species: "Plants robust, sometimes 1 ft. high; leaves rather few; capitula depressed-globose or some- times subconical when fully mature, 5—8 mm. diam.j involucral bracts stramineous, flowers and floral bracts shining silvery- grey". He cites the following collections: SENEGAL: Berhaut 6662, Dawe 23. GHANA: Adams & Akpabla 155, 4398, Hall CC.905a, Morton GC .6272. NIGERIA: Northern: Barter 1019a, Dalziel 239, Meikle 1015. Southern: Daramola FHI 38, Stanfield 55, 132, 133. He lists it also from the Sudan and Central African Empire. 1979 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 415 ERIOCAULOM BREVISCAPUM Ktrn. Additional bibliography: Haines, Bot. Bihar & Orissa, ed. 1 1068 (192h) and ed. 2, 3: 1116. 1961; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: ERIOCAULON BROWNIANUM Mart. Additional & emended bibliogravhy: Bond, Wild Fls. Ceyl. Hills xiii, 232, 233, & 239, pl. 120. 19533 Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 473—-L7L, 485, & 493. 1977. Emended illustratiobs: Bond, Wild Fls. Ceyl. Hills 233, pl. 120. 1953. ERIOCAULON BROWNIANUM var. LATIFOLIUM Moldenke Sh Seehpeaay bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 473—l7h. Additional citations: SRI LANKA: Hepper hh18 (Ac). ERIOCAULON CHRISTOPHERI Fyson Additional bibliography: Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 42: 12. 1920; Moldenke, Phytologia 2h: 349. 1972. ERIOCAULON CINEREUM R. Br. Additional & emended bibliography: Haines, Bot. Bihar & Or- issa, ed. 1, 6: 1066 & 1068 (192k) and ed. 2, 3: 111) & 1116. 1961; Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 33 58, 60, & 63, fig. 337/21. 1968; Hepper in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 540. 1972; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 64: 686. 1977; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 47h & 492 (1977), 37: 22 & 423 (1977), and 38: 6 & 47. 1977. Emended illustrations: Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 60, fig. 337/21. 1968. In regard to the Nelson 1173, cited below, the collector de- scribes it as having "leaves basal, stems fine, to 3 1/2 inches high, inflorescence whitish, common in md in low-lying swamp in creek=bed", It was in flower and fruit in June. Miss Sheila S. Hooper, at Kew, writes in a letter to me dated July 11, 1977: "The heads are smaller than in the type of E. ciliiflorum but the floral structure agrees." In regards to Dunlop 3366, previously cited as E. schultzii Benth., the collector notes that it was growing as an "annual in organic sludge in rock hole in sandstone conglomerate. It was found in flower and fruit in February and Miss Hooper says of it: "NOT completely matched. It can not be E. scimltzii because the anthers are yellow not black and the flowers and seeds are much smaller. It looks rather like E. monoscapum but the anthers are black there too. A specimen which someone has labelled cf. sieboldiamm seems close". Meikle (1968) describes E. cinereum as having "Scapes slender, usually less than | in. high; leaves numerous, setaceous; capit- ula small, about 2.l-——3 mm. diam., brownish or fuscescent", re- 16 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. hi, No. 6 cording it from "Chad, Tanzania, tropical Asia, China, Japan and Australia" and citing the following collections: SENAGAL: Heudelot $77. MALI: DeWailly 5002, 5006a, Jaeger 5581. GUINEA: Maclaud 03.9.105, Pitot s.n. SIERRA LEONE: Jordan 943. GHANA: Hall CC. 7h2, CC.885, Hinds ds 5005. He regards as synonyms E. sieboldiamm Sieb. & Zucc. and E, heudelotii N. E. Br. Wirawan reports E. cinereum common along margins of villus and refers to the heads as white. Additional citations: LOUISIANA: Vermilion Par.: R. H. Blanchet 8.n. {14 October 1970] (Ld). SRI LANKA: Moldenke, Moldenke, & & Albert 28320 (Ld); Wirawan 1018 (N). AUSTRALIA: Northern f ferri- tery! Ge = Panlop 3388 3388 (Z Z)3 D. J. J. Nelson 1173 (Herb. North. Terr. 11305] (Z ERIOCAULON COLLINUM Hook. f. Additional & emended bibliography: Haines, Bot. Bihar & Oris- sa,ai. 1, 6: 1066 & 1069 (192) and ed. 2, 3: 111) & 1117. 1961; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.25: 379. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 75 & 492. 1977. Additional citations: SRI LANKA: Sohmer & Sumithraarachchi 10029 (N). ERIOCAULON COMPRESSUM Lan. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 75 (1977) and 37: 271 & 272. 1977; Poppeton, Shuey, & Sweet, Fl. Scient. 0: 372. 1977. Lakela and her associates assert that in the Tampa Bay area of Florida this species grows in "wet soil and shallow waters [of] swamps", flowering in summer. They call it the "lesser pipewort". ner 68, “distributed as oes co =pressum, actually are E. decangulare fe parviceps Moldenke. Additional citations: SOUTH CAROLINA: Berkeley Co.: Ahles, Rad- ford, Ornduff, & Baker 56515 (1d). Jasper Co.: Ahles, Radford, & Ornduff 56507 (Au—218)39). FLORIDA: Jackson Co.: Hood 1551 1561 (Au— 26757). Martin Co.t Correll & Popenoe 18037 (Id). Walton Co.: R. Kral 1984 (Au—25598); Taylor & Taylor 5255a (Ld). LOUISIA- NA: Saint Tammany Par.: R. Kral 16508 (Id). TEXAS: Hardin Co.: G. E. Watson s.n. [March 15, 1971] (Ld). ERIOCAULON COMPRESSUM var. HARPERI Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 32: 70. 1975. Recent collectors have encountered this plant "in grassy open- ings adjacent to streams with Acer, Cyrilla, Taxodium, and Nyssa biflora", as well as in pine barrens. ~ The | Blake 10665, previously cited by me as E. compressum var. harperi, may may actually paeeeee E. decangulare i Ei parviceps Mol- denke. 1979 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 417 Additional citations: FLORIDA: Bay Co.: R. Kral 19800 (Au— 21,5582). Escambia Co.: R. Kral 19880 (Au—2l5553, Ld). Walton Coe: R. Kral 19808 (Au—-2))5550, Ld). ALABAMA: Baldwin Co.: Crockett 438 (Ld). Mobile Co.: R. Kral 26526 (Au—2)5572). MIS-= SISSIPPI: George Co.: R. Kral 1985, (Au—2)558h). Jackson Co.: Demaree 2866), (Au-—-26758). LOUISIANA: Saint Tammany Par.: Thie- ret 19753 (Id). ERIOCAULON DALZELLIT Ktrn. Additional & emended bibliography: Haines, Bot. Bihar & Oris=- sa, ed. 1, 6: 1066—1068 (192) and ed. 2, 3: 111)-—-1116. 1961; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.25: 379. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 7h & 476. 1977. ERIOCAULON DECANGULARE L. Additional bibliography: Lelong, Sida 7: 127. 19773 Molcenke, Phytologia 36: 476 & 490. 1977; Richardson, Fla. Scient. 40: 302. 1977; J. Taylor, Cat. Vasc. Aquat. Wetl. Pl. Okla. [Herb. SE, Okla. St. Univ. Publ. 1:] 2h. 19773; Scoggan, Fl. Canada 2: 59. 1978. Lelong (1977) found this species "infrequent" along pond margins. Other recent collectors have found it growing in "borrow-pits in chalky rock", by ponds, and "common in moist sandy soil and season ally wet depressions". The label on Lundell & Lundell 11902, in the Austin herbarium, states "perennial herb, corolla yellow, anthers or- ange", undoubtedly due to some error in transcription from fieldbook notes. The N. C. Henderson 63-1136, distributed as typical E. dec are, seems better placed as var. latifolium Chapm., while Lundell & Lun- dell 12954 is var. minor Moldenke, and Blake 7989 & 10665, Cory 99h5, Gould & Leinweber 6532, C. L. Lundell 11793, Lundell & Lundell 11527, Shacklette 7150, J. Taylor 22110, Tharp, Gimbrede, & Yang 51-149, and Tharp, Turner, & Johnston 5922 are f. parviceps Moldenke. Additional citations: NEW JERSEY: County undetermined: Knieskern s.n. (Mi). NORTH CAROLINA: Brunswick Co.: Godfrey 18396 (Ld). Carter— et Co.: Helms & Helms 1188 (Au—272136, Ld). Columbus Co.: W. V. Brown s.n. [August 13, 191] (Au—217136). Craven Co.: W. V. Brown 2338 (Au- 26752). SOUTH CAROLINA: Berkeley Co.: Ahles & Haesloop 26429 (Ld). Darlington Co.: Radford & Stewart 397 (Au—2675). Hampton Co.: Bell 3891 (Au—-179631). GEORGIA: Glynn Co.: W. V. Brown s.n. [June 22, 19h0] (Au--211573). Blackbeard Island: Duncan 20365 (Au—-164915, Mi). FLORIDA: Escambia Co.: M. Morgan P.l (Au~=20352, Au--232212). Hernan- do Co.: Howard 12953 (Au--26760). Hillsborough Co.: Lakela 2288 (Ld); Ray, Lakela, & Patman 10062 (Id—68000). Martin Co.: Correll & Popenoe 18038 (Ld). Orange Co.: Howard 12953 (Mi). Taylor Co.: Lazor 3748 (Ld). ALABAMA: Pike Co.: Leland 21 (Au--26745). MISSISSIPPI: Harrison Co.: Demaree 29766 (Au--26755, Au—26756), 3247a (Au—267)6). Jackson Co.: Demaree 32202 (Au—-267h7); A. S. Seymour 16 (Au-—267)3), 18 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 41, No. 6 91831 (Au--180362). Pearl Hiver Co.: R. Kral 17331 (Au—24556)) . LOUISIANA: Vernon Par.: R. Kral 20651 (Au—245570). TEXAS: Angelina Co.: Re S. Mitchell 4007 (Ld). Bastr Bastrop Co.: Duval 17 (Au—291120). Hardin Co.: Lundell & & Lundell 11482 (Ld—288861), 11902 (Lad, Ld). ERIOCAULON DECANGULARE var. LATIFOLIUM Chapm. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 29: 103, 107, & 109. 197k. Recent collectors have found this plant growing in roadside ditche Additional citations: FLORIDA: Wakulla Co.: N. C. Henderson 63-11 ERIOCAULON DECANGULARE var. MINOR Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 29: 107 & 109. 197h. Recent collectors have founda this plant growing in moist places in bogs, "abundant in peatbogs surrounded by hardwood and tupelo wood- land with Sisyrinchium, Sarracenia, Carex, and Xyris", "occasional in marsh areas with scattered trees and hillside seepage from springs", — "in peatbogs associated with Sarracenia, Iris, and Myrica", in marshe and bogs, and "scattered but frequent in muck “with Sphagnum and Sarra: cenia"., The flowers are described as "white" on Crutchfield 2640 and and Nixon & Chambless 1848. The plant has been collected in anthesis and fruit in May. The heads are rather stiff and hard on Kral 17208, mec more like those of f. parviceps Moldenke. ; The Lundell & Lundell 12954, cited below, was previously cited by — me as typical E. decangulare b before the inti taxon was recognized. Additional & emended citations: LOUISIANA: Beauregard Par.: R. Kral 17208 (Au--2)5568). Vernon Par.: R. Kral 17223 (Au--245567). TEXAS: Freestone Co.: Lundell & Iundell 12954 (Ld, Id). Hardin Co.: D. S. Correll 32965 (Ld). Jasper Co.: Nixon & Chambless 188 (Ld). Leon Co.: Crutchfield 2640 (Id). Robertson Co.: Massey 911 (Ld); McCaleb 92 (Au--26775); Ro Rowell 8071 (Au—26772); Waddle 298 (Au— 194568) . ERIOCAULON DECANGULARE f. PARVICEPS Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3%: 76. 1977. Recent collectors have encountered this plant along the marshy edges of brooks in pinelands, "in severely cutover longleaf pine . ‘crayfish flats' with mich myrtle and sweetgum shrubbery", at the ; edges of swamps in pinelands, in wet pinelands, in clumps on sa- i vannas, in savanna-evergreen shrub bogs", "abundant in sandy soil ' along brooks in cutover longleaf pine woods", "abundant in ditches f bordering Muhlenbergia~Arundinaria grass savannas with some Cleth- : ra and Cyrilla", "frequent in Sarracenia bogs", "in Sphagnum bogs . in forests on hillsides", "common in marshy areas", in bogs and "adjacent areas in Antlers Sand formation [Oklahoma]", roadside pools, pine=-palmetto swamps, and "abundant in saturated soil, muck, or standing water of bogs in sun or shade with Myrica, Xyris, Rhexia, and Sarracenia", It has been found flowering and fruit- 1979 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 419 ing from May to October. The heads are described as "white", "whitish" or "bright-white". The vernacular name, "pipewort", is recorded. The Shacklette 7150, collected "in sandy muck soil and dense shade of swamp forest", has flower—heads which have pressed flat, much like those of E. compressum Lam. Material of this taxon has been distributed in many herbaria as E. compressum Lam., E. compressum var. harperi Moldenke, E. decangulare L., E. texense K6érn., and Lachnocaulon anceps "(Walt.) Moray". Of the collections cited below Blake 10665 was previous- ly incorrectly cited by me as E., compressum var. harperi Moldenke, Tharp, Turner, & Johnston 54954 as E. texense Korn., and Cory 49945, Gould & Leinweber 6532, Lundell 11793, Lundell & Lundell 11527, Tharp, Gimbrede, & Yang 51-1),9, and Tharp, Turner, & Johns- ton 54922 as typical E. decangulare L. Taylor & Taylor 2563 is a mixture with grasses and other vegetation. Additional & emended citations: MARYLAND: Prince Georges Co.: Blake 7989 (Ca-——81791, Ld), 10665 (Du—167971, Gg—-16395h, Gg— 207025, 1, Ld, Mg, Or—22061, P1—65180, Pl—172502, S); A. Chase el Co.: Shacklette 7150 (Mi). Jeff Davis Co.: Shacklette 6919 (Mi), 7121 (Mi). Wilcox Co.: W. P. Rhodes s.n. [August 1925] (Au— 188369). LOUISIANA: Allen Par.: R. Kral 20970 (Au--245565). Ver- non Par.: R. McVaugh 856 (Au——267;). OKLAHOMA: Pushmataha Co.: J. Taylor 22110 (1d), 2210 (N)s Taylor & Taylor 24563 in part (N). TEXAS: Anderson Co.: Marsh 250 (Au—-26723), 271 (Au—-23722); Tharp & Graham 57-6 (Au—-32802). Freestone Co.: Lundell & Lundell 1295) (td, Ld). Hardin Co.: Lundell & Lundell 11527 (Ld—-288850, 1d), 11902 (Ld); Tharp 50-116 (Au—-26736); Tharp, Gimbrede, & Yang 51- 1449 (Au—25002, Ms—11031); Tharp & Tyson s.n. [6/27/52] (Au— 26782); Tharp, Turner, & Johnston 54922 (Au--26728, St). Jasper Co.: C. L. Lundell 11793 (Ld); Turner 68 (Au—-229753). Robertson Co.: Massey 372 (Ld); Webster & Rowell 1903 (Au—26777). San Aun gustine Co.: Gould & Leinweber 6532 (Au—26730, Ca—978707). Ty- ler Co.: D. S. Correll 358h2 (Ld); Correll & Correll 36026 (Ld); Cory 499k5 in part (Au—26727, Ca—751,800); Tharp, Turner, & Hous— ton 5495 (Au--26729, St); Webster & Wilbur 3199 (Au—-194272). ERIOCAULON DEIGHTONII Meikle Additional & emended bibliography: Meikle in Hutchins. & Dals., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 59, 62, & 63, fig. 336/15. 1968; Mol- denke, Phytologia 32: 489. 1976. Emended illustrations: Meikle in Hutchins. & Dals., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 59, fig. 336/15. 1968. Meikle (1968) describes this species as having "Scapes very m- 420 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. 6 merous; leaves numerous, narrow, subulate; capitula subglobose, about mm. diam.; involucral bracts inconspicuous", citing the following collections: GUINEA: Chillou 726; Pitot s.n. SIERRA LE- ONEs Adames 21:5, 881; Deighton 2795; Jordan 533, 57h. They have found it in flower in September and October. ERIOCAULON DIAGUISSENSE Bourdu This taxon has now been reduced to synonymy under E. sessile Meikle, which see. ERIOCAULON DIANAE Fyson Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 32: 489—l90 Recent collectors describe this plant as having the “heads flat, grayish" and being a "light—green plant". They have encountered it at 400 meters altitude in disturbed evergreen forests on moist impervious hardpan, inhabiting open wet places along roadsides. Additional citations: THAILAND: Beusekom & Smitinand 2129 (Ac). ERIOCAULON ECHINULATUM Mart. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 78 & 81. 1977. Recent collectors describe this plant as being light-green, the heads pale yellowish-brown, and found it to be "common on moist impervious hardpan", at 400 meters altitude, growing in association with E. smitinandi Moldenke Additional citations: THAILAND: Beusekom & Smitinand 213 (Ac). ERIOCAULON EDWARDII Fyson Additional & emended bibliography: Haines, Bot. Bihar & Oris= ga,ed. 1, 6 1067, 1070, & 1071 (192) anded. 2, 3: 1115, 1118, & 1119. 1961: Moldenke, Phytologia 29: 195. 197h. ERIOCAULON EDWARDII var. CLARKEI Haines Additional & emended bibliography: Haines, Bot. Bihar & Oris- sa, a. 1, 6: 1071 (192) and ed. 2, 3: 1119—1120. 1961; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 358. 1972. ERIOCAULON EHRENBERGIANUM Klotzsch Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 78 & 83. 1977. Additional citations: MEXICO: Chiapas: Breedlove 9210 (Ld). ERIOCAULON ELEGANTULUM Engl. Additional & emended bibliography: Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 58, 59, & 63, fig. 336/1h. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 29: 195-196 & 235. 197h. Emended illustrations: Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 59, fig. 336/1h. 1968. Meikle (1968) characterizes this species as having "Scapes gen- erally mumerous, erect; capitula quite globose, about ) mm. diam., 1979 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 27 white-papillose, without any visible involucral bracts", citing Hall 3729 and Morton GC .6250b from Ghana and Onochie s.n. from Southern Nigeria. He lists the species also from Sudan, Tanzania, Mozambique, and Rhodesia, flowering in July, August, and December. ERIOCAULON FLUVIATILE Trimen Additional bibliography: Haines, Bot. Bihar & Orissa, ed. l, 6: 1068 (192) and ed. 2, 3: 1116. 1961; Moldenke, Phytologia 32: 492 (1976), 33: 1h (1976), and 3h: 263. 1976. ERIOCAULON FULIGINOSUM C. Wright Additional bibliography: Spellman, Dwyer, & Davidse, Rhodora 77: 12h. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 78. 1977. ERIOCAULON FULVUM N. E. Br. Additional & emended bibliography: Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 1, 2: 326. 1931; Meikle in Hutchins, & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 61--63, fig. 338/20. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 32: 493. 1976. Emended illustrations: Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 61, fig. 338/20. 1968. Meikle (1968) characterizes this species as having "Scapes usually numerous, rather rigidly erect, to about 5 in. high; leaves few, often conspicuously short; capitula subglobose, 2.5-—l; mm. diam." He cites the following collections: SENEGAL: Berhaut 1175. MALI: Raynal 5202 bis; Roberty 13305. GUINEA: Roberty 16336a. GHANA: Hall CC.U5h, 7h75 Morton GC .62,8. NIGERIA: Northern: Barter s.n.j Hepper 90, 985, Rey 1060, 1236a, 1237. Southern: Stanfield 36, oh, 143, Th He comments that it is "Closely akin to E. maculatum Schinz (S. Africa) and E. strictum Milne-Redhead (Tanzania)",. ERIOCAULON GRISEUM Ktrn. Additional & emended bibliography: Haines, Bot. Bihar & Oris- sa, ed. 1, 6: 1071 (192) and ed. 2, 3: 1120. 19613; Moldenke, Phytologia 29: 198. 197h. ERIOCAULON HEUDELOTII N. E. Br. Additional bibliography: Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Agr., ed. 1, 2: 326. 1931; Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 63. 1968; Hepper in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 540. 1972; Moldenke, Phytologia 29: 199. 197k. Hutchinson & Dalziel (1931) cite Chevalier 33988 & 3011 and Heu- delot 677 from Sénégal, flowering in November. Meikle (1968) reduces the species to synonymy under a wide-ranging E. cinereum R. Br. ERIOCAULON HIRSUTULUM Moldenke This taxon is now regarded as a synonym of Mesanthemum albidum H. Lecomte, which see. 22 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. 6 ERIOCAULON HUMBOLDTII Kunth Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 479-180 (1977) and 37: 88 & 89. 1977. Recent collectors refer to this species as "locally common" in moist sandy soil of savannas (campo) and in "rocky igneous soil forming small clumps in recently burned areas", at 5500 feet altitude, flowering in November, and refer to the inflorescences as "cream"- color or "grayish-white". Material of this species has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as Paepalanthus sp. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Vichada: Davidse & Llanos 5228 (N). VENEZUELA: Guiana: Irwin 715 (Au—173753). BRAZIL: Amapa: Murca Pir- es & Cavalcante 52037 (Au--250278). Roraima: Coradin & Cordeiro 987 (N). ERIOCAULON INFIRMUM Steud. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 80. 1977. Recent collectors describe this plant as having pale-green leaves and "bluish" inflorescences and have found it growing commonly in moist open places along roadsides in evergreen forests at 1200 m. al- titude. Additional citations: THAILAND: Beusekom & Charoenpol 1682 (Ac). ERIOCAULON INFIRMUM var. PUBERULENTUM (Moldenke) Van Royen Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3): 266, 267, hOl— 402, & h9h. 1976. dditional citations: GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Sumatra: Bartlett 7Tu57 (Mi, W—15522),3) . = ERIOCAULON INTRUSUM Meikle Additional & emended bibliography: Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 1, 2: 32h, 326, & 327. 1931; Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 58, 60, & 62, fig. 337/2. 1968; Hepper in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 5h0. 19723 Moldenke, Phytologia 32: 496. 1976. Emended illustrations: Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 60, fig. 337/2. 1968. Meikle (1968) asserts that this taxon is the "E. lacteum of F. W. T. Ae, ed. 1, 2: 327, not of Rendle" and characterizes it as "Each plant generally with only one scape; peduncles up to 16 in. long; capitulum white-papillose with conspicuous pale brown, blunt invol- ucral bracts". He cites only Lely 283 from Northern Nigeria, flow- ering in June. Bees ERIOCAULON INUNDATUM Moldenke Additional & emended bibliography: Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 59, 62, & 63, fig. 336/13. 19683; Mol- denke, Phytologia 26: 59. 1973. Emended illustrations: Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 59, fig. 336/13. 1968. Meikle (1968) characterizes this species as having "Scapes erect, 1979 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 423 about in. high; leaves acuminate; capitula globose, pale brown, about ) mm. diam.", citing only Monod s.n. from Sénégal, flowering in October. ERIOCAULON IRREGULARE Meikle Additional synonymy: Eriocaulon heterochiton Lecomte (in part) apud Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 63 in syn. 1968 [not E. heterochiton A. Chev., 1959, nor Kérn-, 1867]. Additional & emended bibliography: Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 57, 60, & 62—-6h, fig. 337/23. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 32: 96. 1976. Emended illustrations: Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fi. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 60, fig. 337/23. 1968. Meikle (1968) characterizes this species as having "Scapes numer- ous, erect, less than 11/2 in. high; leaves narrowly subulate or setaceous; capitula generally less than 5 m. diam. with whitish glossy involucral bracts". He cites the following collections: GUINEA: Adames 353; Chevalier 18488; Schnell 7379. SIERRA LEONE: Jaeger 184. The plant has been found flowering in September and October. ERIOCAULON JAUENSE Moldenke Synonymy: Eriocaulon jauaense Moldenke in Steyerm. & Brewer- Carfas, Bol. Soc. Venez. Cienc. Nat. 132/133: 281. 1976. Additional bibliography: Moldenke in Steyerm. & Brewer-Carfas, Bol. Soc. Venez. Cienc. Nat. 132/133: 281. 1976; Moldenke, Phyto- logia 36: 480. 1977.6 ERTOCAULON JORDANI (Moldenke) Meikle Additional synonymy: Syngonanthus jordanii Moldenke apud Meikle in Hutchinson & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 61, in syn. 1968. Additional & emended bibliography: Meikle in Hutchinson & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 58, 61, & 63, fig. 338/17. 1968; Mol- denke, Phytologia 32: 96-97. 1976. Emended illustrations: Meikle in Hutchinson & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 61, fig. 338/17. 1968. Meikle (1968) characterizes this species as having "Scapes numer= ous, about 6 in. high; capitula subglobose, 5—6 mm. diam., glossy, stramineous, conspicuously echinate with protruding bracts", cit- ing only Jordan 721 & 1051 from Sierra Leone, flowering in Decem- ber and Jamary. ERIOCAULON KORNICKIANUM Van Heurck & Muell.-Arg. Additional synonymy: Eriocaulon kornickianum Van Heurck, in herb. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3h: 273 & 402 (1976) and 36: 30. 1977; J. Taylor, Cat. Vasc. Aquat. Pl. Okla. {[Herb. SE. Okla. St. Univ. Publ. 1:] 2). 1977. Kral says that "this is the only Eriocaulon known from the In- terior Highlands province, although more populations of it have Pan PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. 6 been found in Oklahoma, Texas (It is also reported from the lower Coastal Plain of Texas)." The Taylors have encountered it in bogs "and adjacent area in [the] Antlers Sand formation" in Oklahoma, flowering and fruiting in June and July. Additional citations: ARKANSAS: Logan Co.: R. Kral 2579 (Au, Ld). OKLAHOMA: Pushmataha Co.: J. Taylor 2221 (N, Z); Taylor & Taylor 24554 (N). ERIOCAULON LATIFOLIUM J. E. Sm. Additional synonymy: Eriocaulon thunbergii Wikstr. ex Korn., Linnaea 27: 677--679. 1856. Eriocaulon vittifolium H. Lecomte, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: 65—-66. 1909. Eriocaulon bonani Le- comte ex Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 1, 2: 326, in syn. 1931. Eriocaulon natans Afzel. ex Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 17, in syn. 1959 [not E. natans F. Muell., 1875]. Eriocaulon thunbergii Wickstr. ex Koern. apud Hepper in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 640, in syn. 1972. Additional & emended bibliography: Stapf in Johnston, Liberia 2: 662. 1906; Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 1, 2: 326— 327. 1931; Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 28, 59, & 62, fig. 336/h. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 3h: 02. 1976. Emended illustrations: Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 59, fig. 336/h. 1968. Meikle (1968) cites as synonyms of this species E. rivulare G. Don, E. thunbergii Wikst., E, banani Lecomte, E, latifolium f. proliferum Moldenke, and Mesanthemum radicans Stapf [not (Benth.) Korn.] He characterizes the species as a "Robust aquatic peren- nial; capitula densely white-papillose, to 1) mm. diam.", citing the following collections: MALI: Chevalier 52, 803. GUINEA BIS- SAU: Pereira 2999. GUINEA: Adames 116; Dalziel 8247; Des Abbayes 699; Langdale-Brown 2638. SIERRA LEONE: Adames 206; Afzelius s.n.; Capstick s.n. [Herb. Deighton 5301]; Deighton 1031; Jaeger 8096; Jordan 27. LIBERIA: Adames 808; Baldwin 10091, 1096; Whyte s.n. It has been collected in flower from October to May. Meikle also lists the species from Congo and Angola. Hutchinson & Dalziel (1931) describe the species as "Tufted, in running water; flower—heads white, listing it from French Soudan, French Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia, citing Chevalier 52h, 803, 131213 Dalziel 82h7; Dawe 407; Deighton 1031; Lane-Poole 182; Pobéguin s.n.j Thomas 7879; Whyte s.n. They list E. vittifolium Lecomte as a synorym. ERIOCAULON LATIFOLIUM f. PROLIFERUM Moldenke Additional bibliography: Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 62. 1968; Hepper in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 540. 19725 Moldenke, Phytologia 24: 70. 1972. Meikle (1968) places this form in the synonymy of typical E. latifolium J. E. Sm. pe 1979 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 425 ERIOCAULON LEPTOPHYLLUM Kunth Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3%: 80. 1977. The vernacular names, "capim-manso", "capipoatinga", "gravat4~ manso", and "sempre-viva-do-campo", are recorded for this species and it is said to flower from December to February. ERIOCAULON LEUCOMELAS Steud. Additional bibliography: Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber,. eeeee 1920; Moldenke, Phytologia 32: 97 (1976) and 33: 18, ERIOCAULON LINEARE Small Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 81. 1977. Additional citations: GEORGIA: Baker Co.: R. Kral 27079 (N). FLORIDA: Bay Co.: R. Kral 15671 (Au—2))560)). Jackson Co.: Godfrey 62934 (Au--2297)). Leon Co.: Godfrey 62886 (1d); N. C. Henderson 63-1687 (Au--229869); Kral & Godfrey 15575 (Au--25609, Ld), 15585 (Au—-2)5605). Wakulla Co.: R. Kral 2302 (Au--2)5623, Ld). ERIOCAULON LINEARIFOLIUM Korn. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 81. 1977. Recent collectors have encountered this species in brejo (wet sedge meadows), flowering in July. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goids: Hatschbach 10065 (Z). Mato Grosso: Hatschbach 2)560 (Ld). ERIOCAULON LIVIDUM F. Muell. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3h: 02. 1976. The Latz 3703, cited by me in 1976 as E. lividum, seems to me now better placed as E. schultzii Benth. ERIOCAULON LONGICUSPE Hook. f. Additional & emended bibliography: Thwaites & Hook. f., Emm. Pl. Zeyl., imp. 1, 341 (1864) and imp. 2, 31. 196: Hocking, Ex cerpt. Bot. A.28: 170. 19763 Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 472 & 481. 1977. ERIOCAULON LONGICUSPE var. ZEYLANICUM Moldenke Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.28: 170. 1976; ai Phytologia 32: 98 (1976), 33: 1h (1976), and 3h: 263. 1976. ERIOGAULON LONGIPEDUNCULATUM H. Lecomte Additional bibliography: Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. J hl: 13. 1916; Moldenke, Phytologia 2h): 73.1972, - Jahresber, ERIOCAULON LUZULAEFOLIUM Mart. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 81. 1977. Additional citations: THAILAND: Larsen & Larsen 3163 (N). 426 PHYTOL 0's TE Vol. 1, No. 6 ERIOCAULON MACULATUM Schinz Additional & emended bibliography: Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 63. 19683; Moldenke, Phytologia 26: 460. 1973. Meikle (1968) avers that this species is closely allied to E. fulvum N. E. Br. and E, strictum Milne-Redhead. xt ERIOCAULON MAGNUM Abbiatti Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 182. 1977. Additional citations: PARAGUAY: Krapovickas & Cristébal 13)5) (Ld--279793), 137k (Ld--279710) . ERIOCAULON MANFEENSE Meikle Additional & emended bibliography: Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 58, 59, & 62, fig. 336/3. 19683 Mol- denke, Phytologia 32: 499. 1976. Emended illustrations: Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 59, fig. 336/3. 1968. Meikle (1968) characterizes this species as "Each plant with several scapes; peduncles 1 ft. long, shining; capitula subglo- bose, densely white-papillose", citing from CAMEROONS: Migeod 276; Morton K.676; Richards 525; Tamajong FHI.22107. It has been found in flower in November and March. ERIOCAULON MEIKLEI Moldenke Additional & emended bibliography: Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 58, 60, & 63, fig. 337/16. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 26: 60. 1973. Emended illustrations: Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 60, fig. 337/16. 1968. Meikle (1968) characterizes this species as having "“Scapes usually numerous, less than 6 in high; leaves rather thick and opaque, acuminate; capitula hemispherical, pallid or fuscescent, about 4-—-5 mm. diam., distinctly echinate with protruding bracts". He cites the following collections: SENSGAL: Berhaut 6691, 6739, 6983. MALI: Chevalier 218; Monod s.n. GUINEA: Pi- tot s.n. NIGERIA: Northern: Hepper 150; Meikle 103. It has been collected in anthesis from November to February and in Ap- ie © ERIOCAULON MICROCEPHALUM H.B.K. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 79 & )82— 483 (1977) and 37: 263 & 26). 1977. Additional citations: MEXICO: Federal District: J. Rzedowski 20389 (Au-—-2)9511). México: J. Rzedowski 25963 (Id), 2599 (Id). ERIOCAULON MIQUELIANUM var. LUTCHUENSE (Koidz.) T. Koyama Additional bibliography: Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber, 2: 13. 19203; Moldenke, Phytologia 3): 0). 1976. 1979 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 427 ERIOCAULON MISERUM Ktrn. Additional bibliography: Haines, Bot. Bihar & Orissa, ed. l, 6: 1068 (192) and ed. 2, 3: 1116. 1961; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 483. 1977. ERIOCAULON MISSIONUM Castell. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 32: 501. 1976. Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Misiones: Ekman 1909 (Ld). ERIOCAULON MODESTUM Kunth Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 83—8). 1977. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goids: Haas, Haas, & Belém 15 {[Herb. Brad. 86,8] (N). ERIOCAULON MODESTUM var. BREVIFOLIUM Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 8). 1977. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goids: Irwin, Harley, & Smith 32175 (Ld). ERIOCAULON MONODII Moldenke This taxon is now reduced to synonymy under E. transvaalicum var. hanningtonii (N. E. Br.) Meikle, which see. ERIOCAULON MONTANUM Van Royen Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3h: 0——l05. 1976. Recent collectors describe this plant as a rosular herb, the leaves semiglobose, olive-green or "midgreen", the flower—heads light=-green or "brown/purple" and have found it forming large cushions in wet spots on creekbanks, at 2660——3500 meters altitude, flowering in May. Additional citations: NEW GUINEA: Papua: Croft & Hope LAE.65932 (Mu); Van Royen 10862 (W—2831161). ERIOCAULON NANUM R. Br. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 32: 502 (1976), 3h: 268 (1976), and 36: 488. 1977. ERIOCAULON NIGERICUM Meikle Additional & emended bibliography: Meikle in Hutchins, & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 59, 62, & 63, fig. 336/12. 19683 Mol- denke, Phytologia 3: 05. 1976. Emended illustrations: Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 59, fig. 336/12. 1968. Meikle (1968) characterizes this species as having "Scapes mumer- ous, usually less than | in. highs; leaves often rather blunt; capit- ula h——5 mm. diam., involucral bracts conspicuous, pale, shining”. He cites the following collections: SENEGAL: 6879. SIERRA LEONE: Jordan 522. LIBERIA: Baldwin 9145, 9156, 10080, & 10336. NIGERIA: Southern: Hambler 739; Jones FHI.20718; Keay FHL.22595, 28 PESTO ET OG TH Vol. 41, No. 6 254713 Stanfield 140, 189. It has been found in anthesis from Aug- ust to November. ERIOCAULON NILAGIRENSE Steud. Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.25: 379. 19755 Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 73 & 85. 1977. Sohmer & Sumithraarachchi refer to this plant as "common in wet areas along trails" and as occurring in "large clumps along seepage areas in forest patches", the flower-heads "white". Additional citations: SRI LANKA: Sohmer & Sumithraarachchi 9801 (N), 9922 (N), 10142 (N). ERIOCAULON NILAGIRENSE f. PARVIFOLIUM Moldenke Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.25: 379. 19753 Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 485. 1977. ERIOCAULON ODORATUM Dalz. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 86. 1977. Recent collectors describe this as a light-green plant, slightly fragrant, to 16 cm. tall, the heads "gray-white", borne at differ- ent heights, and report it common on moist impervious hardpan or "rare among Drosera burmani, Striga, and grasses along deciduous forest canals", flowering and fruiting in May. Additional citations: INDIA: Andhra Pradesh: V. S. Raju 652f (Ld). THAILAND: Beusekom & Smitinand 21h) (Ac). ERIOCAULON OLIVERI Fyson Additional bibliography: Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 2: 12, 1920; Moldenke, Phytologia 32: 503. 1976. ERIOCAULON ORYZETORUM Mart. Additional & emended bibliography: Haines, Bot. Bihar & Oris- sa, ed. 1, 6: 1067 & 1069—1070 (192) and ed. 2, 3: 1115 & 1117—1118. 1961; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 86. 1977. Recent collectors describe this plant as pale-green and have found it common in muddy places between short grass in dry diptero— carp forests and in wet grasslands, at 600—1000 m. altitude. Additional citations: THAILAND: Beusekom & Smitinand 2517 (Ac) 3 Larsen & Larsen 2135 (N), 34135 (N). ERIOCAULON PANCHERI H. Lecomte Additional bibliography: Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. J e - Jahresber, 42: 12. 19203 Moldenke, Phytologia 32: 50h. 1976, y ERIOCAULON PARKERI B. L. Robinson Additional bibliography: Mold : Scien FL. Colds tr ice aoe ee eee Scoggan (1978) recognizes this taxon as a species (rather than as a mere variety of E. pellucidum and gives its distribution as "Tidal 1979 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 429 (rarely fresh) md and estuaries of Que. (Ottawa R. near Hull; Tém iscamie R. e of L. Mistassini at ca. 51° N (type locality of E. rol- landii); St. Lawrence R. estuary from L. St. Peter to Portneuf and Bellechasse counties) and along the coast from Maine to Va. [E. septangulare var. park. (Rob.) Boivin & Cayouette; incl. the dwarf extreme, E. rollandii Rousseau]. Maps: Raymond 1950b: fig. 38, p. 105; Me. L. Fernald, Rhodora 2 (502): map 17, p. 378. 1903 Fassett 1928: £22. 3,2 ple a: ws It should be noted that his statement that the species may be found in fresh water applies only because he includes E. rollandii in its synonymy, a disposition which I do not accept. Additional citations: MASSACHUSETTS: Bristol Co.: Blake 10776 (Ld) « Plymouth Co.: Blake 1096 (Ld, Ld, Z), 10995 (Ld). MARYLAND: Kent Co. Blake 9695 5 (Ld). Saint Manee Co.: Edwin 372 (Id). VIRGINIA: Fairfax Coe: 3 Blake 8921 (Ld), 11089 (id)s tao ERIOCAULON PELLUCIDUM Michx. Additional bibliography: Shosteck, Flow. & Pl. 208. 197; Bouchard & Hay, Rhodora 78: 256. 1976; Batson, Gen. East. Pl. 0. 1977; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: )86—-.88. 1977; Noblick, Annot. List Herb. Spec. M. Mitch. Assoc. 81. 1977; Periasamy, Proc, Indian Acad Sci. 868: 11. 1977; Stuckey & Roberts, Sida 7: 32. 19773 Scoggan, Fl. Canada 2: 59. 1978; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 28. 1979. Additional illustrations: Batson, Gen, East. Pl. 40. 1977. Bouchard & Hay (1976) list this species from Newfoundland. Peri- asamy (1977) reports the embryonic number of this species as lll. Stuckey & Roberts (1977) list it as one of the rare and endangered species of Ohio, discovered there first in 1913 and last recorded from Portage and Summit counties in 1915. The form with very long peduncles, growing in deep water, is well illustrated by Rouleau 1229, while that with very short peduncles, growing in very shallow or in no water at all by Erlanson sen. [17 Sept. 1929], cited below. Scoggan (1978) calls this "white-buttons" or "duckgrass" and gives its distribution as "Shallow pools and streams and mddy or peaty shores from Ont. (N to near Graham, NW of Thunder Bay at }9°1)' N; CAN) to Que. (N to Duncan L. near James Bay at 53°933' N, the Céte- Nord, and Gaspé Pen.), S Labrador (Hamilton R. basin), Nfld., N.B., P.E. tad and N.S., S to Ind., N Ohio, Va., and Del.; E Ireland and W Scotland. [E. articulatum (Huds.) Morong} E. pellucidum Michx.; E. decangulare a: and E, sexangulare of Canadian | reports, not L.]. Maps: Hultén 1958: map . 199, p. 207 (also citing a 1953 total-area map by Heslop=Harrison); Fernald 1929: map 0, p. 1505." Noblick (19773 cites from Nantucket County, Massachusetts, the following collections in the Maria Mitchell Association herbarium: Collector undetermined s.n., G. B. Gardner s.n., Wyatt son. Additional citations: + QUEBEC: Argenteuil Co.: Rolland—Germain s. n. [August 21, 196] (Au—26768). Terrebonne Co.: Rouleau 1229 (Mi). Madore Pages Boivin 395 (Au--26771). MAINE: Waldo Co.: Friesner 1430 PHYTOLOGIA No. 1, No. 6 2305) (Au-2676). Washington Co.: Blake 1097 [Herb. Blake 595] (Ld). NEW HAMPSHIRE: Merrimack Co.: W. V. Brown s.n. [September 2, 190] (Au--211507). VERMONT: Chittenden Co.: Blake 2101 (Ld), 2572 [Herb. Blake 369] (Ld). Franklin Co.: Blake 2776 [Herb. Blake 3910] (Ld), 3086 [Herb. Blake 233] (Ld). MASSACHUSETTS: Middlesex Co.: Blake 669 [Herb. Blake 6099] (Ld). Norfolk Co. Blake 1366 [Herb. Blake 5776] (Ld), 408 [Herb. Blake 5820] (Ld), 882) (Ld), 10715 (Ld), 10944 (Ld). Plymouth Co.: Blake l9h (Herb. Blake 5911] (Ld). NEW YORK: Essex Co.: Erlanson s.n. [17 Sept. 1929] (Mi). NEW JERSEY: Cumberland Co.: R. Kral 22590 (Au-—-2l5579, Ld). County undetermined: Knieskern s.n. (Mi). VIRGINIA: Augusta Co.: A. Be Massey 3090 [Herb. Va. Polyt. Inst. 21090] (Ld). NORTH CAROLINA: Washington Co.: Radford & Pence 508) (Au--251933). WISCONSIN: eal ——S Senne tnEEEEEEEniiaee re ee ee ERIOCAULON PERPLEXUM Satake & Hara Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 29: 219. 197h; Satake, Journ. Jap. Bot. 9: 180. 197k. ERIOCAULON PLUMALE N. E. Br. Additional synonymy: Eriocaulon senegalense N. E. Br. in This- elt .~Dyer, Fl. Trope Afr. 8: 251. 1901. Additional & emended bibliography: Ruhl. in Engl., Pflanzen- reich 13 (4-30): 103, 106, 286, & 287. 1903; Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 1, 2: 326 & 327. 19313 Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 20, 35, & 38—l0. 19463 Moldenke, Résumé 133, 135, 136, 288, 292, 482, & 483. 1959; Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 58, 60, & 62, fig. 337/6. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 19: 35, 88, & 10h. 1969; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1: 210, 214, 216, & 218 (1971) and 2: 502, 511, 90, & 91. 19713 Molden— ke, Phytologia 25: 73 (1972), 29: 219 & 225——226 (197), and ki: . 412 & 423. 1979. Illustrations: Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afre, ed. 2, 3: 60, fig. 337/6. 1968. Meikle (1968) regards E. senegalense as a synonym of E. plum- ale and I see no reason to doubt this. He characterizes the typi- cal form of E. plumale as "Each plant with numerous leaves and scapes; leaves narrow, linear-subulate; capitula subglobose, white, plumose; involucral bracts pale shining brown". He cites the fol- lowing collections: SENEGAL: Berhaut 1121, 1258. GUINEA: Heude- lot 680. SIERRA LEONE: Deighton 1867; Jordan 632, 658, 94k. IV- ORY COAST: Aké Assi 829). It has been found in anthesis from Oc- tober to December. Hutchinson & Dalziel (1931) reduce E. rufum Lecomte and E. heterochiton A. Chev. (not Korn.) to synonymy here, citing Chevalier 1819 (in part), Deighton 1867, Farmer 167a, Heudelot 148, 680, and Pobéguin 1312, 2205, 2276 from Sénégal, French Guinea, and Sierra Leone. [To be continued] THE FERN GENUS CHEILANTHES IN CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES John T. Mickel The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458 Ever since Cheilanthes was described by Swartz in 1806, botanists have had great difficulty in delimiting the genus. It is clearly part of a large complex in which the species are fairly distinct but the generic limits are unclear. Customari- ly three larger genera have been recognized--Cheilanthes, Noth- olaena, and Pellaea--and occasionally several small splinter genera have been recognized as well. However, there is a great problem in distinguishing Cheilanthes from Notholaena and to a lesser extent from Pellaea. It is the purpose of this paper to examine the distinction between Cheilanthes and Notholaena. Classically, Cheilanthes has been distinguished from Noth- olaena by the former having a recurved, differentiated margin to protect the sori, whereas Notholaena possesses a plane or slightly recurved, undifferentiated margin (many authors, in- cluding Cronquist et al., 1972; Dittmer et al., 1954; Knobloch and Correll, 1962; Munz, 1965). In preparing keys to the ferns of the United States, it has become quite clear to me that the two genera cannot in fact be distinguished using this character. Careful examination of the species of Cheilanthes and Notholaena shows that many species of Cheilanthes in fact do not have a well differentiated margin. Frequently, the margin curves back slightly without developing a false indusium and does not cover the sori. In most species of Notholaena, the margin curves back in precisely the same manner. In the northwestern United States, for example, Notholaena parryi is distinguished on the margin character from Cheilanthes feei (Cronquist et al., 1972), but the margins are so covered with hairs that only careful observa- tion will show that the margins of both species are the same. Another anomally lies in that Cheilanthes coopérae has never been placed in Notholaena even though its margin is almost per- fectly plane and entirely undifferentiated. Efforts have been made to find additional characters, such as stipe and blade anatomy, hairs, spore morphology, and chromo- some numbers (Knobloch, 1969; Knobloch et aL, 1975; Knobloch and Volz, 1964, 1968; Lellinger, 1965; Tryon and Tryon, 1973), but none have been found. A basic problem seems to lie in the assumption that Notholaena and Cheilanthes are indeed separate genera and that therefore there are characters to be found to distinguish them. I think this is a misconception. I have examined the plants thoroughly and can find no character that will support the maintenance of Notholaena as commonly circum- scribed. Rather, I see distinct groups of species that can be 431 432 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. hi, No. 6 defined on characters of the rhizome scales, blade indument, stipe and rachis anatomy, and to a lesser extent the nature of the margin. Since I cannot find any characters that will ade- quately distinguish Notholaena from Cheilanthes, I can see no rational recourse other than to combine the two. There are, aS mentioned above, several species groups that are fairly distinct, and some of these groups have already been given generic recognition. Adiantopsis, with its very short, discrete sori, is very distinct in the form of one species, A. radiata, but other species, such as A. chlorophylla, approach Cheilanthes in their form. Mildella, with its inframarginal sorus, is somewhat distinct. Aspidotis, although it has dis- crete, short sori in three species, the other and most wide- spread one, A. densa, has a continuous sorus along the margin, the only character holding the genus together being the shiny, elongated cells in the upper epidermis, a character not unique to this group. Aleuritopteris is largely represented by the widespread A. farinosa, supposedly distinguished by its waxy lower surface and well developed false indusium. Several spec- ies of Notholaena (N. candida et aff.) have much the same archi- tecture and anatomy and, though lacking the false indusium of A. farinosa, are probably allied to it. Sinopteris is distin- guished from Cheilanthes and Aleuritopteris on the basis of hav- ing only one sporangium at the end of each vein. The veins that run parallel to the segment margins, however, have two or three sporangia, and other groups of Cheilanthes have a tendency to- ward low numbers of sporangia, so the justification for uphold- ing Sinopteris is rather tenuous. The cheilanthoid complex appears to be one in the process of early generic separation. Evolution has not isolated them enough yet nor made them distinct enough to make genera clear- cut. There are grounds both for lumping the entire complex or splitting off several groups with intermediates between most groups. However, the current status of separating a broad Noth- olaena does not seem to be one of the options. We have a large complex with many lobes. WNotholaena in its strict sense includes only those which are strongly scaly on the lower blade surface and are not finely divided--e.g., N. marantae, N. sinuata, et aff. To include the waxy backed species or the very hairy spe- cies is to include representatives of other lobes of the com- plex which probably are not closely allied. Certainly such hairy species as Notholaena parryi, N. newberryi, and N. jonesii, are much closer to Cheilanthes feei and C. lanosa, the supposed differences in the margin notwithstanding. In the cyatheoid tree ferns it was found that the loss of indusium (Alsophila) or partial loss (Hemitelia) had occurred independently several times and the genera were artificial. Holttum and Sen (1961) lumped them all back into Cyathea, point- 1979 Mickel, The fern genus Cheilanthes 33 ing out several natural groups within it. Tryon (1970) then de- veloped the evidence for separating six genera based on charac- ters other than the sorus, largely of the indument. The situa- tion in Cheilanthes is much the same. The current broadly con- strued Notholaena is unnatural, and the first step to provide a rational taxonomy of the complex is to combine it with Cheilan- thes. It would be premature to carve out additional splinter genera until more detailed work on individual species groups is accomplished. Below is a list of the North American species of Cheilanthes (north of Mexico) with some basionyms and common synonyms. Cheilanthes aemula Maxon Cheilanthes alabamensis (Buckl.) Kunze CHEILANTHES ALIENA (Maxon) Mickel, comb. nov. Notholaena aliena Maxon, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 17: 605. 1916. CHEILANTHES ARIZONICA (Maxon) Mickel, stat. nov. Cheilanthes pyramidalis ssp. arizonica Maxon, Amer. Fern J. Be 116,>pl.. 6.91918. Cheilanthes aschenborniana (Kl.) Mett. Notholaena aschenborniana Kl. Cheilanthes bonariensis (Willd.) Proctor Notholaena aurea (Poir.) Desv. Cheilanthes californica (Hooker) Mett. CHEILANTHES CANCELLATA Mickel, nom. nov. Notholaena fendleri Kunze, Farnkr. 2: 87, t. 136. 1851. Cheilanthes candida Mart. & Gal. var. candida Notholaena candida (Mart. & Gal.) Hooker CHEILANTHES CANDIDA var. COPELANDII (c.c. Hall) Mickel, comb.nov. Notholaena candida var. copelandii C.C. Hall, Amer. Fern J. ge aul, t, 16. 1950. Cheilanthes carlotta-halliae W.H. Wagner & Gilbert Cheilanthes clevelandii D.C. Eaton CHEILANTHES COCHISENSIS (Goodd.) Mickel, comb. nov. Notholaena cochisensis Goodd., Muhlenbergia 8: 93. 1912. Cheilanthes cooperae D.C. Eaton r 3h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 4, No. 6 Cheilanthes covillei Maxon Cheilanthes dealbata Pursh Notholaena dealbata (Pursh) Kunze CHEILANTHES DESERTI Mickel, nom. nov. Notholaena californica D.C. Eaton, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 10: 272.2883. Cheilanthes eatonii Baker ex Hooker & Baker Cheilanthes feei Moore Cheilanthes fendleri Hooker Cheilanthes fibrillosa Davenp. ex Underw. Cheilanthes gracillima D.C. Eaton Cheilanthes grayi (Davenp.) Domin Notholaena grayi Davenp. CHEILANTHES GREGGII (Mett. ex Kuhn) Mickel, comb. nov. Pellaea greggii Mett. ex Kuhn, Linnaea 36: 86. 1869. Notholaena greggii (Mett. ex Kuhn) Maxon Cheilanthes horridula Maxon CHEILANTHES INTEGERRIMA (Hooker) Mickel, comb. nov. Notholaena sinuata var. integerrima Hooker, Sp. Fil. 5: 108. 1864. Notholaena integerrima (Hooker) Hevly Cheilanthes intertexta (Maxon) Maxon CHEILANTHES JONESII (Maxon) Mickel, comb. nov. Notholaena jonesii Maxon, Amer. Fern J. 7: 108. 1917. Cheilanthes kaulfussii Kunze Cheilanthes lanosa (Michx.) D.C. Eaton Cheilanthes lemmonii (D.C. Eaton) Domin Notholaena lemmonii D.C. Eaton, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 7: 63. 1880. Cheilanthes lendigera (Cav.) Sw. Cheilanthes leucopoda Link CHEILANTHES LIMITANEA (Maxon) Mickel var. LIMITANEA, comb. nov. 1979 Mickel, The fern genus Cheilanthes 35 Notholaena limitanea Maxon, Amer. Fern J. 9: 70. 1919. CHEILANTHES LIMITANEA var. MEXICANA (Maxon) Mickel, comb. nov. Notholaena limitanea ssp. mexicana Maxon, Amer. Fern J. 9: 72. 1919. Cheilanthes lindheimeri Hooker Cheilanthes microphylla Sw. Cheilanthes nealleyi (Seaton ex Coulter) Domin var. nealleyi Notholaena schaffneri var. nealleyi (Seaton ex Coulter) Weath. Notholaena nealleyi Seaton ex Coulter CHEILANTHES NEALLEYI var. MEXICANA (Davenp.) Mickel, comb. nov. Notholaena nealleyi var. mexicana Davenp., Bot. Gaz. 16: 54. 1891. Notholaena schaffneri var. mexicana (Davenp.) Davenp. Notholaena schaffneri (Fourn.) lUhderw. ex Davenp. Aleuritopteris schaffneri Fourn., Bull. Soc.-France 27: 328. 1880; not Cheilanthes schaffneri Moore, 1861, which was a renaming of Myriopteris rufa Fée. CHEILANTHES NEGLECTA (Maxon) Mickel, comb. nov. Notholaena neglecta Maxon, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 17: 602. 1916. Cheilanthes newberryi (D.C. Eaton) Domin Notholaena newberryi D.C. Eaton Cheilanthes notholaenoides (Desv.) Maxon Cheilanthes X parishii Davenp. Cheilanthes parryi (D.C. Eaton) Domin Notholaena parryi D.C. Eaton CHEILANTHES PARVIFOLIA (R. Tryon) Mickel, comb. nov. Notholaena parvifolia R. Tryon, Contrib. Gray Herb. 179: 98. 1956, which is in turn based on Pellaea microphylla Mett. ex Kuhn, Linnaea 36: 86. 1869, not P. microphylla Fée, nor Notholaena microphylla Bolle, nor N. microphylla (Sw.) Keys. which is Cheilanthes microphylla Sw. Cheilanthes pringlei Davenp. Cheilanthes siliquosa Maxon Cheilanthes sinuata (Lag. ex Sw.) Domin Notholaena sinuata (Lag. ex Sw.) Kaulf. 36 Pob Pol L:OGslek Vol. 1, No. 6 CHEILANTHES STANDLEYI (Maxon) Mickel, comb. nov. Notholaena standleyi Maxon, Amer. Fern J. 5: 1. 1915. Cheilanthes tomentosa Link Cheilanthes villosa Davenp. ex Maxon Cheilanthes viscida Davenp. Cheilanthes wootonii Maxon Cheilanthes wrightii Hooker Acknowledgments I thank Dr. Rupert Barneby for his valuable advice. This study was supported in part by National Science Foundation Grant DEB 77-25582. Literature Cited Copeland, E.B. 1947. Genera Filicum. Chronica Botanica, Wal- tham, MA. Cronquist, A., A.H. Holmgren, N.H. Holmgren, & J.L. Reveal. 1972. Intermountain Fiora. Vol. 1. Hafner Publ. Co., NewYork. Dittmer, H.J., E. E Castetter, & O.M. Clark. 1954. The Ferns and Fern Allies of New Mexico. Univ. of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, MM. Domin, K. 1913. Beitrage zur Flora und Pflanzengeographie Australiens. 1. Abt. Pteridophyta. Bibl. Bot. 20 (Heft 85): 133% Holttum, R.E. & U Sen. 1961. Morphology and classification of the tree-ferns. Phytomorphology 11: 406 - 420. Knobloch, I.W. 1969. The spore pattern in some species of Cheilanthes. Amer. J. Bot. 56: 646 - 653. , & D.S. Correll 1962. Ferns and Fern Allies of Chihuahua, Mexico. Texas Research Foundation, Renner, TX. , H.P. Rassmussen, & W.S. Johnson. 1975. Scanning electron microscopy of trichomes of Cheilanthes (Sinopterida- ceae). Brittonia 27: 245 - 250. , & P.A. Wlz. 1964. Studies in the fern genus 1979 Mickel, The fern genus Cheilanthes 437 Cheilanthes Sw. 1. The leaf blade anatomy of some species of the genus. Phytomorphology 14: 508 - 527. & - 1968. II. The anatomy of the stipes and rachises of some species. Phytomorphology 18:1-12. Lellinger, D.B. 1965. A quantitative study of generic delimita- tion in the adiantoid ferns. Doctoral dissertation, Univ. of Michigan. Univ. Microfilms, Ann Arbor, MI. Munz, P.A. 1965. A California Flora. Univ. of California Press, Berkeley, CA. Swartz, O. 1806. Synopsis Filicum. Bibliopolii novi academici, Kiliae. Tryon, R.M. 1970. The classification of the Cyatheaceae. Con- txibe(Gray Herb. 200::3.=—' 53. & A. E Tryon. 1973. Geography, spores and evolution- ary relations in the cheilanthoid ferns. pp. 145 - 153. In: A.C. Jermy, J.A. Crabbe, & B.A. Thomas (eds.), The Phylogeny and Classification of the Frns. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 67 (Suppl. 1). BOOK REVIEWS: Alma L. Moldenke "STARTING FROM SCRATCH — A Guide to Indoor Gardening" by John Whitman & Mary Maguire, xii & 212 pp., 116 b/w line draw. Quadrangle/The New York Times Book Co., New York, N. Y. 10022. 1976. $8.95. This is a pleasant little book about growing plants ever so reasonably from slips scrounged from friends, seeds from store fruits, pineapple tops and spores from some ferns put into all sorts of household items as containers. Effective directions are given and even graded from brown, light green, green and deep green thumb stages. It is spoiled, rather than enhanced, by mediocre to totally unrecognizable line drawings as, for in= stance, that of the pomegranate on p. 169. "A FIELD GUIDE TO THE BUTTERFLIES OF THE WEST INDIES" by Norman D. Riley, 22) pp., 29 b/w & 338 color illus., 1 map, &1 tab. Demeter Press Book of Quadrangle/The New York Times Book Co., New York, N. Y. 10022. 1975 [1976]. $12.50. This is a very well prepared field guide to the 292 butter- fly species of the Greater and Lesser Antilles. The text gives scientific name, author, date, common name, description, distri- bution, early stages and food plants where known. At the end there is a really useful combined check list and distribution table including North America, each of the islands or island groups and the mainland south. The introduction describes but- terfly gross anatomy, specimen collection and preservation and the need for conservation of this rather limited fauna. The il- lustrations are excellent, usually life size, true for color with the attached left half showing the upperside and the right de- tached the underside. In cases of sexual dimorphism both male and female are shown. "INTRODUCTION TO BIOPHYSICAL PLANT PHYSIOLOGY" by Park S. Nobel, xiii & 88 pp., 68 b/w illus. & 9 tab. W. H. Freeman & Co., San Francisco, California 9)10,. 1974. $13.50. In 1970 this author and this publisher prepared "Plant Cell Physiology: A Physicochemical Approach" which proved to be a use=- ful text. This newer work includes not only more modern data and new appendices but also new chapters on envirommental interacti- ons of the leaf and of the whole plant. The other chapters treat cells, water, solutes, light, photosynthesis, and bioenergetics. 438 = 1979 Moldenke, Book reviews 439 The problems posed at the end of each chapter are apt, difficult. and require using much of the subject matter in order to get answers that coincide with those in the back of the book —as it should be for an advanced text. This is a fine major or auxili- ary text for senior or graduate courses under a variety of names — photochemistry, physiological ecology, phytophysiology, etc. More detailed drawings in the first chapter would be more in keeping with the complexity and thoroughness of the rest of the text. "ORGANISMIC EVOLUTION" by Verne Grant, xiii & 18 pp., 66 b/w illus. W. H. Freeman & Co., San Francisco, California 910). 1977. $15.95. Directed toward "A wide range of readers...eand the specific needs of students" in a senior-level course on evolution, this truly excellent book is oriented toward plant and animal rather than molecular or primitive organic evolution or the mathematical modelling of it, toward principles and fundamentals rather than details and current topics. Throughout clarity in explanations and reasoning make for stimulating reading and facile comprehen= sion of the following three evolutionary phenomena: "evolutionary changes within populations (microevolution), evolution of races and species (speciation), and evolution of major groups (macro- evolution)." Different methods of research by different types of scientists yield different types of evidence. For answers to the creationists still attacking the teaching of evolution in high school Grant lists the evidences for macroevolution that today is more fact than theory. Grant stresses that the top non-human primates are the product of organic evolution alone, while man is the product of additional cultural evolution. The outstanding worth of this text will certainly be apprecia- ted on the university level, but I hope that it will be read by thousands of high school biology teachers and community college teachers of biology who have come "up" from the secondary level. "BIO GRAFFITI — A Natural Selection" by John M. Burns, xv & 112 pp., 52 b/w illus. A Demeter Press Book, Quadrangle/The New York Times Book Co., New York, N. Y. 10022. 1975. $6.95. This little book is a charmer — Ogden Nash style — with its biologically oriented clever short verses and their excellently reproduced illustrations from older works. Such a nice gift for the young biology student, the worker and teacher in the field, the old retiree from it and yourself! 40 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. 6 "ENCYCLOPEDIA OF FISH" by Maurice & Robert Burton, 253 pp., 258 color & 76 b/w photos, 10 maps & 15 b/w line draw. Crescent Books of Crown Publishers, Inc., New York, N. Y. 10016. 1978. $9 98. This and the other volumes in this series have been adapted from the British Purnell's "Encyclopedia of Animal Life" with which I am not yet familiar. But that is why the large size for= mat and very large number of small to large, well executed color prints can be included at so reasonable a price. A few hundred fish are described, classified, and have their special features and habits related very interestingly. Of course, several known fish could not be mentioned. I missed most pictured accounts of lungfish and of coelocanths. In the volume on reptiles and other cold-blooded animals there are most satisfactory illustrated ac= counts of these and other fish in the chapter on "The Emergence onto Land". This book and its companions will be very good for school, family, nature center and public libraries for the general reader and for grade and high school students. "ENCYCLOPEDIA OF REPTILES, Amphibians & Other Cold=Blooded Ani=- mals" by Maurice & Robert Burton, 252 pp., 311 color & 70 b/w plates, 28 maps & 13 b/w draw. Crescent Books of Crown Publishers, Inc., New York, Ne Y. 10016. 1976. $5.98. Like the volume on fish, this one has been adapted from the British Purnell's "Encyclopedia of Animal Life" and its American issue entitled "International Wild Life". This one gives fascin= atingly descriptive and behavioral details as well as classifica- tion for almost 200 reptiles, almost 100 amphibians and the bal-= ance in invertebrates and prevertebrate chordates. Oh, yes, there are fish here, too, effectively discussed and beautifully and copiously illustrated. Since this work is an encyclopedia on animals rather than a treatise on evolution, I would prefer to hunt for fish in the fish volume. This book is at a bargain price! "WORLD OF BIRDS" New & Revised Edition by James Fisher & Roger Tory Peterson, 191 pp., 192 color plates & 210 b/w fig. Crescent Books of Crown Publishers, Inc., New York, N. Y. 10016. 1978. $5.98. The first edition of 196, directed to student and professional ornithologists and "advanced" bird watchers, is a well known clas- sic by now. This new edition, planned for widening the horizon of new or local bird enthusiasts, has about 100 less pages, facts and figures updated according to recent scientific findings, the interesting Fisher text and the beautiful Peterson bird paintings, all for an unbelievably low price. PHYTOLOGIA Designed to expedite botanical publication pute ae March 1979 1 : CONTENTS ‘ST. JOHN, H., Plants collected in the Sandwich Islands by Thomas J Nuttall. Hawaiian PRL SIVIES SS ts oie geen i bg 44] ROGERS, C. M., A New combination in Linum ................. 447 -MOLDENKE, H. N., Notes on new and noteworthy plants. CXXI ..... 449 -MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the Eriocaulaceae. LXXXII ... 451 WEBER, W. A., JOHNSTON, B. C., and WILKEN, D., Additions to a , ‘ | P the ‘fora of Colorado— VI Sots Lew he We aa hie en @ aed CTE dak eareeeiee 486 | “MOLDENKE, A; BOGK TEViews 6 5's oe Re sae aie 501 Index to authors in Volume Forty-one ..... 0.6.00 cee ccc eee 503 Index to supraspecific scientific names in Volume Forty-one ......... 503 Ee EMO oie to PR Rleg te noe Roce ess aa if EERIE: IPOS 8 oo 2 Nah 2G) og iene, OARS as th EO 241 Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 303 Parkside Road E Plainfield, New Jersey 07060 USS.A. 7 Price of this number $2.50; per volume $10.00 in advance or $11.00 after close of the volume; $2.00 extra‘to all foreign addresses; 512 pages constitute a full volume; claims for numbers lost in the mails must be made immediately after receipt of the next following number. PLANTS COLLECTED IN THE SANDWICH ISLANDS BY THOMAS NUTTALL HAWAIIAN PLANT STUDIES 85 Harold St. John Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Box 6037, Hawaii 96818, USA. Introduction a Thomas Nuttall (1786-1859) made several botpical explorations. He collected in the eastern and southern United States, in the Rocky Mountains, Oregon, California, and the Sandwich Islands. On Jan. 4, 1835 he arrived off Diamond Hill, Oahu, landed, and botanized in Nuuanu Valley. Soon he moved to Koloa, Kauai, where he spent a month. On March 26, 1835 he sailed from Honolulu toward the Columbia River. At the end of Sept. 1835 he sailed from the Columbia toward Honolulu. He stayed for four months, and made a visit to the island of Hawaii, then left in Jan. 1836 for California. Nuttall collected in the Hawaiian Islands at least 118 species, but it is worth noting that he collected no ferns. He published fundamental studies on the flora of eastern and of western North Amerca, and a large percentage of his American novelties are still accepted as correct. Of his Hawaiian plants he published only five as new species, but four of these proved to be synonyms. Of his 118 Hawaiian specimens, he marked and named 62 as new species, but these were never published. He was unaware of several of the earlier publications that described Hawaiian plants. Numerous of his proposed Hawaiian species were unnecessary synonyms. His Hawaiian specimens are in the herbarium of the British Museum of Natural History, London. Enumeration Monocotyledones Gramineae Chrysopogon aciculatus (Retz.) Trin. Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link, Ouau =Oahu, as a new species. Heteropogon contortus (L.) Beauv. Cyperaceae Cyperus javanicus Houtt. Owhyhee =Hawaii. C. trachysanthos H. & A. Ouau. Fimbristylis pycnocephala Hbd. Ouau. bh )h2 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 41, No. 7 Gahnia Beecheyi Mann, Ouau. Commelinaceae Commelina diffusa Burm. f., as a new species. Taccaceae Tacca Leontopetaloides (L.) Ktze., T. oceanica Nutt. Liliaceae Cordyline terninalis (L.) Knuth, var. Ti(Schott) J. G. Baker, as a new species. Dianella sandwicensis H. & A.Wahoo. Smilax sandwicensis Kunth, Wahoo. Dicotyledones Piperaceae Peperomia leptostacya H. & A., Wahoo, as a new species of Piper. Peperomia Macraeana C. DC. Peperomia membranacea H. & A., var. membranacea, Wahoo, as a new species of Piper. Peperomia sandwicensis Migq., Wahoo etc., two specimenseach as a different new species of Piper. Peperomia tetraphylla (Forst. f) H. & A., Wahoo. var. parvifolia (C. DC.) Deg. & Deg., Wahoo, as a new species of Piper. Piper methysticum Forst. f£., Wahoo, "kava." Santalaceae Santalum ellipticum Gaud., f. ellipticum, Owhyhee, two specimens, Santalum paniculatum H. & A., Owhyhee, as a new species. Santalum pyrularium Gray, Atooi (=Kauai), as a new species. Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium oahuense(Meyen) Aellen, Wahoo, in ruderatis, two specimens, each as a new species. Amaranthaceae Achyranthes splendens Mart. ex Mog., var. rotundata Hbd., Wahoo, as a new species. Amaranthus viridis L., Wahoo, in ruderatis, as a new genus and species. Charpentiera ovata Gaud., Wahoo. Nyctaginaceae Boerhavia diffusa L., Wahoo, in ruderatis. Phytolaccaceae Phytolacca sandwicensis Endl., var. sandwicensis, Wahoo, as a new species. Aizoaceae Sesuvium Portulacastrum (L.) L., Wahoo, three specimens, two of them as different new species. 1979 St. John, Sandwich Islands plants Lh3 Portulacaceae Portulaca ?cyanosperma Egler, Atooi. Capparaceae Cleome sandwicensis Gray, Woahoo, plains. Cruciferae Lepidium o-waihiense C. & S., Woahoo, in rupes montosis, as a new species. Pittosporaceae Pittosporum terminalioidesPlanch. ex Gray, Wahoo, sylvis rupestris, as a new species. Saxifragaceae Broussaisia arguta Gaud., f. arguta, Owhyhee, C. Deal. Rosaceae Osteomeles anthyllidifolia (Sm.) Lindl., Ouau. Leguminosae Caesalpinia Bonduc (L.) Roxb., Atooi, as a new species. Canavalia galeata (Gaud.) Vogel, as a new genus. Cassia Gaudichaudi H. & A., Wahoowest of the Parri (= Nuuanu Pali). Sesbania tomentosa H. & A., Owhyhee. Zygophyllaceae Tribulus Cistoides L., Wahoo, in ruderatis, as a new species. Rutaceae Pelea elliptica (Gray) Hbd., Wahoo, sylvis, as a new genus. Pelea, two species in flower and leaf only, as a new genus. Zanthoxylum dipetalum Mann, Ouau. Euphorbiaceae Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd., two specimens, one from Owhyhee, Deal, as a new species. Euphorbia celastroides Boiss., var. haupuana Sherff, Wahoo, Parri (= Nuuana Pali), asa new species. Euphorbia hirta L., Wahoo, in montis. Phyllanthus sandwicensis Muell. Arg., var. sandwicensis, Wahoo, Parri (= Nuuanu Pali), as a new species. Anacardiaceae Rhus sandwicensis Gray, Owhyhee, Dr. Deal ( = Diehl). Agquilifoliaceae Ilex anomala H. & A, Wahoo. Celastraceae Perrottetia sandwicensis Gray, Ouau, as a new genus. hdd PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. 7 Rhamnaceae Colubrina asiatica (L.) Brongn., Atooi. Malvaceae Abutilon incanum (Link) Sweet, Wahoo. Hibiscus Kokio Hbd., ex Wawra, Wahoo, as a new species. Hidiscus tiliaceus L., Wahoo, as a new species. Hibsicus Youngianus Gaud. ex H. & A., Wahoo, in campis elatioribus, as a new species. Sida sertum Nutt., holotype, used for garlands. Sterculiaceae Waltheria indica L., Wahoo, two sheets, as a new species. Flacourtiaceae Xylosma hawaiiense Seem., no. 6. Ouau. Myrtaceae Metrosideros macropus H. & A., Ouau. Metrosideros polymorpha Gaud., var. polymorpha, Wahoo, Parri (=Nuuanu Pali). Metrosideros tremuloides (Heller) Knuth, Wahoo, as a new species. Araliaceae Cheirodendron trigynum (Gaud.) Heller, Wahoo, in sylvis, as a new species. Ericaceae Vaccinium calycinum Sm., £. calycinun. Vaccinium dentatum Sm., Wahoo Parry (=Nuuanau Pali), rocks, as a new genus. Vaccinium reticulatum Sm., as a new genus. Epacridaceae Styphelia Tameiameiae (Cham.) F. Muell. Plumbaginaceae Plumbago zeylanica L., Atooi. Apocynaceae Alyxia olivaeformis Gaud. Convolvulaceae Cuscuta sandwichiana Choisy, Atooi, as a new species. Hydrophyllaceae Nama sandwicensis Gray, two sheets, from Atooi, and Wahoo, each as a new species. Boraginaceae Heliotropium anomalum H. & A., var. argenteum Gray, Atooi, two sheets, each as a new species. Labiatae Phyllostegia glabra (Gaud.) Benth., var. Macraei (Benth. in A. DC.) Sherff, Wahoo. Phyllostegma grandiflora (Gaud.) Benth., Wahoo. 1979 St. John, Sandwich Islands plants Phyllostegia hirsuta Benth., Wanoo, as a new species. Phyllostegia parviflora (Gaud.) Benth., var. parviflora, in montis Ouau. Stenogyne kaalae Wawra, var. latisepala Sherff, Wahoo, rocks nr. the summit of the Parri (=Nuuanu Pali). Solanaceae Lycium sandwicense Gray, Atooi; Wahoo, as a new species. Solanum nigrum L., Wahoo, as a new species. Scrophulariaceae Bacopa Monnieria (L.) Wettst., Wahoo, ad lit. maris (=by the seashore). Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra cordifolia Gaud., Woahoo, montes. Cyrtandra Garnotiana Gaud. (?), two scraps, Wahoo. Cyrtandra grandiflora Gaud., Wahoo. Cyrtandra Lessoniana Gaud., var. Lessoniana, Wahoo, as a new species, two sheets. Cyrtandra paludosa Gaud., Wahoo, "moa" of the islanders. Plantaginaceae Plantago princeps C. & S., var. acaulis Wawra, Wahoo, falls of a stream, as a new species. Plantago princeps C. & S., var. Queleniana (Gaud.) Rock, Ouau. Rubiaceae Bobea e€latior Gaud., Wahoo, in sylvis, two sheets. Coprosma ernodeoides Gray, Owhyhee, F. Deal legit, as a new genus. Coprosma foliosa Gray, Wahoo, as a new genus. Gouldia terminalis (H. & A.) Hbd., not determin- ed to the variety, arbor, Wahoo, two sheets, as two new species. Hedyotis acuminata (Cc. & S.) Steud., f£. Grayana Fosb., nom. vern. "etaha." As a new genus. Hedyotis Remyi (Hbd.) Fosb., var. Nuttallii (Fosb.) Fosb., Ouau, probably an isotype. Psychotria Faufriei (Lév1.) Fosb., Wahoo, as a new genus. Psychotria kaduana (Cc. & S.) Fosbd., Wahoo, two sheets, each as a new species. Psychotria longissima (Rock) St. John, Wahoo, as a new species. Psychotria Mariniana (C. & S.) Fosb., Ouau, as a new species. Lhs by6 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. hl, No. 7 Lobeliaceae Clermontia kakeana Meyen, (C. macrophylla Nutt.), Wahoo. Cyanea acuminata (Gaud.) Hbd., Wahoo. Cyanea Grimesiana Gaud. Rollandia lanceolata Gaud., Owhyhee. Goodeniaceae Scaevola X cerasifolia Skottsb., (S. pubescens Nutt.), holotype, Wahoo. Scaevola coriacea Nutt., holotype, Atooi. Scaevola Gaudichaudiana Cham., Ouau, as a new species. Scaevola mollis H. & A., as a new species. Scaevola Taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb., Atooi, in montes, as a new species. Compositae Argyroxiphium sandwicense DC., Owhyhee, Volcano, Mr. Deale (=Diehl). Artemisia australis Less., Wahoo, Parre (=Nuuanu Pali), as a new genus. Bidens asymmetrica (Lév1.) Sherff, Wahoo, as a new species. Gnaphalium sandwicensium Gaud., var. sandwicen- sium, Ouau. Lipochaeta connata (Gaud.) DC., Wahoo, as a new genus. Lipochaeta integrifolia (Nutt.) Gray, Atooi, Wahoo, as a new genus. Lipochaeta micrantha (Nutt.) Gray, (Schizophyllum micranthum Nutt.), holotype, Atooi, in sylvis opacis. Tetramolopium tererrimum (Less.) Nees, Wahoo, in rupibus Parry dictu (=Nuuana Pali). A NEW COMBINATION IN LINUM C. M. Rogers Department of Biology Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan A review of the Linaceae for the checklist of the vascular flora, being developed under the direction of the Biota of North America Committee, reveals that a minor nomenclatural change for one of the populations comprising the western American flax, Linum lewisii Pursh, would make uniform the treatment of the in- fraspecific taxa of this species and would express as well as possible at this time the relationships between them. Like Mosquin (1971), I think that the homostylous American plants warrant recognition as a species distinct from the hetero- stylous Eurasian L. perenne L. As such, L. lewisii consists of three more or less well-defined populations: typical L. lewisii, blue- or rarely white-flowered plants, ranging from northern Alaska southward through the foothills and the mountains to cen- tral Mexico; var. alpicola, high alpine plants of California and Nevada, characterized by their dwarf stature and small floral parts; and var. lepagei, mostly white-flowered plants found in the vicinity of Hudson Bay and James Bay. The complete synonymy for the three varieties, including the distinctive color forms of var. lewisii and var. lepagei, is as follows: Linum lewisii Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 1:210.1814. Var. lewisii L. sibiricum DC. var. lewisii (Pursh) Lindl., Bot. Reg. 14: pl 5. 1263.1826. L. perenne L. var. lewisii (Pursh) Eat. & Wright, N. Am. Bot. 302.1840. L. decurrens Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 3:44.1863. L. lyallanum Alef., Bot. Zeit. 25:251.186/7. L. perenne L. f. albiflorum Cockerell, W. Am. Sci. 3:217.1887. L. lewisii Pursh f. albiflorum (Cockerell) St. John, F1,S.E. Wash. & Adj. Ida. 244.1937. L. perenne L. subsp. lewisii (Pursh) Hulten, Fl. Alaska & Yuk. 7:1122.1947. Var. alpicola Jepson, Fl. Calif. 2:398.1936. L. lewisii Pursh var. saxosum Maguire & Holmgren, Leafl. West. Bot. 4:265.1946. : L. perenne L. ssp. lewisii (Pursh) Hulten var. saxosum (Maguire & Holmgren) Reveal, aa 70:38.1968. 7 48 PHIETOLGGHES: Vol. 41, No. 7 Var. lepagei (Boivin) Rogers, comb. nov. De Ls lepagei Boivin, Natur. Can. 75:219.1948. perenne L. subsp. lepagei (Boivin) Lepage ex. Dut., Lep. & Dum, Contrs-Arctic Inst. Cathol. Univ. 5:92.28aea9 (It is not clear whether the author really accepted this combination). lewisii Pursh f. lepagei (Boivin) Lepage, Natur. Can. 84: 6151957 . perenne L. var. lepagei (Boivin) Boivin, Natur. Can. 93: 643.1966. lewisii Pursh subsp. lepagei (Boivin) Mosquin, Can. J. Bot. 49:1379.1971. perenne L. var. lepagei (Boivin) Boivin f. baldwinii Boivin, Phytologia 22:351.1972. Reference Mosquin, T. 1971. Biosystematic studies in the North American species of Linum, section Adenolinum (Linaceae). 49:1379-1388. Can... J.:, BOs NOTES ON NEW AND NOTEWORTHY PLANTS. CXXI Harold N,. Moldenke DURANTA REPENS f. ALBA (Masters) Mold., comb. & stat. nov. Duranta plumieri var. alba Masters, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 3: hh—L5, fi fig. 9e 1888. LANTANA MORIT Mold., sp. nov. Frutex spinosis; ramulis gracilibus tetragonis minutissime puberulis vel glabrescentibus; laminis decussato-oppositis; petio- lis tenuissimis 510 mm. longis minutissime puberulis; laminis membranaceis ellipticis 5--9 cm. longis 2=~3.5 cm. latis, apical- iter perspicue acuminatis basaliter cuneato-acuminatis marginis obtuse adpresso=serrulatis utrinque glabris; pedunculis pergracil- limis 2—); cm. longis minutissime puberulis vel glabrescentibus; corollis albis. A spiny shrub; branchlets and twigs very slender, plainly tet=- ragonal even on the smaller parts, minutely puberulent (under a handlens) or glabrescent, stramineous, shiny; leaves decussate= opposite; petioles very slender, 5--10 mm. long, microscopically puberulent or glabrescent; leaf=-blades thin=-membranous, apparent=- ly uniformly green on both surfaces, elliptic, 5—-9 cm. long, 2—= 3.5 cm. wide, apically conspicuously acuminate or even somewhat long-acuminate, basally cuneate-acuminate into the petiole, the margins serrulate with regular, obtuse, and much depressed, an= trorse teeth, glabrous and shiny on both surfaces; inflorescences axillary, capitate; peduncles very slender or almost filiform, 2—l cm. long, microscopically puberulent or glabrescent; heads rather small, to 2 cm. wide in anthesis; bractlets small, narrow= lanceolate, 1—2 mm. long, 0.5—-1 mm. wide, apically subacute to obtuse, densely cano=puberulent; corollas hypocrateriform, white. The type of this species was collected by T. S. dos Santos and L. A. Mattos Silva (no. 3304) in a cacao plantation in the "Muni- cfpio de Camac%, Ramal que liga Biscé (lugarejo) ao povoado de S80 Jo&%o do Panelinha, km. 4", Bahia, Brazil, on July 1h, 1978, and is deposited in my personal herbariun. The collectors report the vernacular name, "cambaré de flor branca", It is named in honor of my friend and colleague, Dr. Scott Mori, who is doing such noteworthy work on the flora of Bahia and who also has col- lected this plant there. LANTANA SALZMANNI f. ALBIFLORA Molc., f. nov. Haec forma a forma typica speciei corollis albis recedit. This form differs from the typical form of the species in hav=- ing its corollas white, with a yellow eye. The type of the form was collected by S. Mori, T. S. dos San- tos, and I. White (no. 10360) along the Estrada Velha de Santa Cruz de Cabrélia, 2—l km. west of Santa Cruz de Cabrdélia, Bahia, Brazil, on campo, July 28, 1978, and is deposited in my personal Lhg 450 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. 7 herbarium. The collectors describe the plant as a subshrub, 1 m. tall, the "corola branca com uma mancha amarela no centro do tubo; frutos roxo-claro",. PETREA ARBOREA f. BROADWAYI (Mold.) Mold., stat. nov. Petrea arborea var. broadwayi Mold., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. 3s 26. 1938. PETREA KOHAUTIANA f. ALBA (Freem. & Williams) Mold., stat. nov. Petrea volubilis var. alba Freem. & Williams, Useful Pl. Trin. 127. 1928. PETREA RACEMOSA f. ALBA (Kuhlm.) Mold., stat. nov. Petraea racemosa var. alba Kuhim., Flores Bras. 2: 30, in obs. 1955; Angely, Fl. Paran. 16: 68. 1960. Petrea racemosa var. alba Kuhlm, ex Mold., Phytologia 7: 45S. 1961. PETREA RUGOSA f. CASTA (Mold.) Mold., stat. nov. Petrea rugosa var. casta Mold., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. 3: 8. 1938. PHYLA NODIFLORA var. GALAPAGENSIS Mold., var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei recedit foliorum laminis elongato-oblanceolatis }—-6 cm. longis 12 cm. latis basaliter longe cuneatis apicaliter argute mucromlato-acutis marginis per- conspicue grosseque sublaciniato-serratis. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in having its leaf-blades elongate-oblanceolate, 4——6 cm. long, 1—2 cm. Wide above the middle, basally long-cuneate into the short and rather obscure petiole, apically triangular-acute and very sharply mucronulate or submucronulate, the margins very conspicuously and coarsely sublaciniate-serrate with antrorse very acute or subapic- ulate teeth. The type of the variety was collected by H. H. van der Werff (no, 1592) near the Caseta, Santa Cruz (Indefatigable) Island, Galapagos Islands, at 600 feet altitude, in October, 197), and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Gar= den. The collector describes it as a creeping herb, rooting at the nodes, the corollas white with a yellow throat, and notes that it prefers wet spots as a habitat. The leaves greatly re= semble those of the West Indian var. antillana Mold. REHDERA TRINERVIS f. MOLLICELIA (Standl. & Mold.) Mold., stat. nov. Rehdera mollicella Standl. & Mold., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. 39% 51-52. 1935. STACHYTARPHETA CANESCENS var. MORIT Mold., var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei recedit ramis ramulisque brevissime adpresso=pilosis rhachide bracteisque calicibusque puberulis laminis foliorum subtus dense breviterque pubescenti- 1979 Moldenke, New & noteworthy plants 451 bus corollis rubris. This variety differs from the typical form and other varieties of the species in having the branches and branchlets merely very shortly appressed-pilose with antrorse hairs, the rachis, bracts, and calyxes merely puberulent, the lower leaf=-surfaces dense- ly short=-pubescent, and the corollas red. The type of the variety was collected by Scott Mori (in whose honor it is named), T. S. dos Santos, A. Euponino, and C. B. Thompson (no. 10892) near Santa Cruz de Cabrélia, 2—l km. south= wards along the old road in the region of Cacaueira da Bahia, Bahia, Brazil, growing in an area of campos and restinga, on Aug= ust 21, 1978, and is deposited in my personal herbarium. The collectors describe the corollas as red ("roxas") and repert the vernacular name, “canela de saracura",. VERBENA TENERA f. ALBIFLORA (Kuntze) Mold., stat. nov. Verbena tenera var. albiflora Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 3 (2): 258. 1898. ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE ERIOCAULACEABe LXXXII Harold N. Moldenke ERIOCAULON PLUMALE N. E, Br. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 430. 1979. Meikle (1968) feels that E. rufum Lecomte is a species dis- tinct from E. plumale. ERIOCAULON PLUMALE ssp. JAEGERI (Moldenke) Meikle Additional & emended bibliography: Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 58, 60, & 62, fig. 337/7. 19683 Mol- denke, Phytologia 26: 462. 1973. Emended illustrations: Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr.,a. 2, 3: 60, fig. 337/7. 1968. Meikle (1968) characterizes this plant as having "Scapes and leaves numerous; leaves subulate-filiform; capitula white, plu- mose, 5—7 mm. diam., subglobose; involucral bracts rather rigid, dark brown", citing Adames 342, Chillou 906, Jaeger 917, and Schnell 7393 from Guinea, flowering in September and October. ERIOCAULON PLUMALE ssp. KINDIAE (H. Lecomte) Meikle Additional & emended bibliography: Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 1, 2: 326. 19313; Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr. , Pee ¢ 68. 60. & vi : Phytglogia 26% i Sati » & 62, fig. 337/8. 19685 Moldenke, 452 PRY D.ObO:e FA Vol. h1, No. 7 Emended illustrations: Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 60, fig. 337/8. 1968. Meikle (1968) includes in the synonymy of this subspecies "Be pumilum of F.W.T.A., ed. 1, 2: 326, partly, not of Afzel. ex Koern.", characterizing the subspecies as having "Scapes and leaves numerous; leaves subulate-filiform; capitula hemispherical, 3--5 mm. diam., white, plumose, said to be fragrant; involucral bracts pale brown or greenish, not rigid". He cites the follow- ing collections: GUINEA: Boismaré 385 [Herb. Chillou 3903], Chil- lou 716, 7173 Pobéguin 1359. SIERRA LEONE: Adames s.n. [Herb. Jordan 55); Harvey 33; Jordan 303, 5543 Melville & Hooker 276. He lists it also from Chad. ERIOCAULON POLYCEPHALUM Hook. f. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3): 87. 1976. Recent collectors describe the inflorescence of this plant as grayish-white and have found it growing "many together in open boggy places on sandstone in rather dense vegetation", at 1200 m. altitude. “aun citations: THAILAND: Beusekom & Charoenpol 1711 Ac). ERIOCAULON PULCHELLUM Korn. Additional & emended bibliography: Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 1, 2: 326. 19313 Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 57, 61, 62, & 6h, fig. 338/25. 1968; Mol- denke, Phytologia 3h: 487. 1976. Emended illustrations: Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 33 61, fig. 338/25. 1968. Meikle (1968) lists "E, heterochiton Lecomte in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 55: 647 (1909), partly, incl. Chev. 18770a, not of Koern." in the synonymy of E. pulchellum. He also avers that the "E. pumilum of F.T.W.A., ed. 1, 2: 326, partly, not of Afzel. ex Koern." is E. plumale ssp. kindiae (H. Lecomte) Meikle". He characterizes Ee pulchellum as "Very slender, usually less than 2 1/2 in. high; leaves numerous, narrowly subulate; capitula to about 5 mm. diam, with conspicuous, white, radiating involucral bracts." He cites the following collections: MALI: Garnier s.n. GUINEA: Adames 329; Baldwin 9800; Boismaré 376 [Herb. Chillou 389], 08 (Herb. Chil- lou 3926], Chevalier 18770a; Schnell 681), 7373. SIERRA LEONE: Afzelius s.n.; Deighton 1306; Glanville 213; Harvey 135; Jaeger 1679. It has been found in flower from August to November and in Jamuary. 1979 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 453 ERIOCAULON QUINQUANGULARE L. Additional & emended bibliography: Haines, Bot. Bihar & Oris- sa, ed. 1, 6: 1066 & 1068—1069 (192) and ed. 2, 3: 111) & 1116--1117. 1961; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.25: 379. 1975; Srivas- tava, Fl. Gorak. 331. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 87. 1977. Raju refers to this plant as "psamophytic on sandy dunes, erect annual," found it growing at sealevel, and mistook it for E. xeran= themum Mart. Srivastava (1976) reports E. quinquangulare as found abundantly "in paddy crops and in other swampy localities" in In- dia, citing his no. 143). Cramer describes it as an annual, the "stems" [peduncles] 5-angular, and the inflorescences "“ashy-white". He states that it "grows in association with Dopatrium nudicaule in soggy ground among short grass, common and abundant" at sealevel, in Sri Lanka, flowering in February. The Latz 3703, distributed as E. quinquangulare in some herbar- ia, actually seems to be E. schultzii Benth. Additional citations: INDIA: Andhra Pradesh: Raju 61) (N). SRI LANKA: Cramer 5096 (N); Koyama 13315 (W--2875)85); Wirawan & Fos- berg 1026 (N). wry ERIOCAULON QUINQUANGULARE var. ELATIUS Moldenke Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpts Bot. A.25: 379. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 33: 10. 1976. ERIOCAULON QUINQUANGULARE var. MARTIANUM Wal). Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bote A.25: 379. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 3): 88. 1976. ERIOCAULON RAVENELII Chapm. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 87 (1977) and 37: 2h. 1977. Additional citations: FLORIDA: Lee Co.: R. Kral 22923 (Au-—- 25571, Ld). Levy Co.: R. Kral 22940 (Au—2)5610, Ld). Martin Co.: Godfrey 65625 (Ld). ERIOCAULON REMOTUM H. Lecomte Additional & emended bibliography: Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr.e, ed. 1, 2: 326. 1931; Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 57, 61, & 6h, fig. 336/2h. 1968; Mol- denke, Phytologia 26: 62. 1973. Emended illustrations: Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., cds 25 32.61, fig. 338/2h. 1968. Meikle (1968) includes in the synonymy of this species "E. heterochiton Lecomte in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 55: 647 (1909) partly, incl. Chev. 18770, not of Koern." and characterizes the species as having "Scapes rather numerous, usually less than 1 1/) in. high; leaves relatively broad and opaque; capitula 3—l; mm. diam., fus- cous, subglobose at maturity; involucral bracts conspicuous, 45h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 41, No. 7 stramineous, blunt". He cites the following collections at Kew: GUINEA: Chevalier 18770, 18810; Pitot s.n.3 Schnell 7372. SIERRA LEONE: Deighton 2178. It has been found in anthesis in October. ERIOCAULON ROBUSTO-BROWNIANUM Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 2: 12. 19203; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 188. 1977. ERIOCAULON ROLLANDIT Rousseau Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 88. 1977; Scoggan, Fl. Canada 2: 59. 1978. It is interesting that Boivin & Cayouette regard this taxon as a variety of E. pellucidum, Lepage regards it a form of that species [all using the epithet "septangulare" for it and intending the Old World E. aquaticum thereby], while Scoggan (1978) reduces it to synonymy under E. parkeri. Obviously it is a puzzling taxon. ERIOCAULON RUFUM H. Lecomte, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: 6h. 1909. Bibliography: H. Lecomte, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: 6h. 1909; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. h, imp. 1, 82. 1913; Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 1, 2: 327. 19313 Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 4, imp. 2, 82. 1938; Moldenke, Known Geogr. Distrib. Erioc. 39. 196; Mol- denke, Résum6 292. 1959; Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 58, 59, & 62, fig. 336/5. 1968; Moldenke, Phytolo- gia 18: 393. 1969; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 2: 511. 1971; Hepper in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 50. 19723; Mold— enke, Phytologia ll: 30. 1979. Illustrations: Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 59, fig. 336/5. 1968. Although Hutchinson & Dalziel (1931) regarded this species as a synonym of E. plumale N, E. Br., Meikle (1968) has shown it to be distinct from that taxon and gives "E. plumale of F.W.T.A., ed. 1, 2: 327 partly, not of N. E. Br." in its synonymy. He character- izes it as being "Strictly erect; scapes usually numerous; capitu- la globose to 10 mm. diam., florets generally concealing involu- cral bracts in fully developed capitula." He cites the following collections at Kew: GUINEA: Arrieu 230 [Herb. Chillou 3139]; Jacques-Félix 7256; Maclaud s.n.; Pobéguin 1312. SIERRA LEONE: King 55b. It has been found in anthesis from October to December and in February. ERIOCAULON SANTAPAUI Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 25: 70. 1972. Raju describes this species as an annual herb, with many small scapes, and rare -- "a few plants scattered among grasses on a sandy river island", at 100 m. altitude. aneseitown citations: INDIA: Andhre Pradesh: V. S. Raju 685d 1979 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae SS ERIOCAULON SCHIEDEANUM Korn. Additional bibliography: Spellman, Dwyer, & Davidse, Rhodora 77: 12h. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 33: 11. 1976. Spellman and his associates (1975) record this species from Belize, but this seems most doubtful; re-examination of the mater~ jal will probably show that this record is based on a misidenti- fication. ERIOCAULON SCHIPPII Standl. Additional bibliography: Spellman, Dwyer, & Davidse, Rhodora 77: 12h. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 29: 22h. 197h. ERIOCAULON SCSULTZII Benth. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3h: 89 (1976) and 1: 15 & 425. 1979. The Latz 3703, cited below, was previously reported by me in this series of notes as E, lividum F. Muell. Miss Sheila S. Hooper, at Kew, in a letter to me dated July 11, 1977, writes of it: "E. schultzii Benth. or near. The leaves are broader than in the type which resembles the Chippendale specimen in that re- spect. The large cells of the floral bracts give it a strong superficial resemblance to E. lividum but that species has large keeled sepals to the female flowers." It was originally distrib- uted as "E. quinquangulare L. sens. lat." and is described by the collector as an "erect ephemeral, heads white, rare in damp clay- ey loam in mixed grassland fringing lagoon". It was found in flower and fruit in May. Dunlop encountered it in drainage flats with gray silty clay surface soil, flowering and fruiting in August. The C. Dunlop 3388, reported as E. schultzii by me in 1976, actually seems to be E. cinereum R, Br. Additional citations: AUSTRALIA: Northern Territory: C. Dun- lop 3457 (Z); Lata 3703 (Z). ERIOCAULON SELLOWIANUM Kunth Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: ,89--90. 1977. Shepherd and his associates encountered this plant in brejo (wet sedge meadow), flowering in November. Their collection does not match well other collections of this taxon. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goidfs: Shepherd, Andrade, Kino- shita, & Tamashiro 3756 (N, N). ERIOCAULON SELLOWIANUM var. PARANENSE (Moldenke) Moldenke & Smith Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 489—l90. 1977. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Santa Catarina: Smith & Klein 13632 (Au—21,9995) . 56 Pin Yet OD -O°G aR Vol. 41, Now 7 ERIOCAULON SESSILE Meikle Synonymy: Eriocaulon diaguissense Bourdu, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 10: 156--158, fig. A--F. 1957. Additional & emended bibliography: Bourdu, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 10: 156-158, fig. A--F. 1957; Anon., Assoc. ftud. Taxon. Fl. Afr. Trop. Index 1957: 33. 1958; Jacques-Félix, Excerpt. Bot. A.1: 72. 19593 Moldenke, Résumé 26 & 480. 1959; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 1: 8. 1959; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 13: 52. 1966; Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 57, 60, & 6h, fig. 337/27. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 18: 51 (1968), 19: 34-35 (1968), and 20: 05. 19703; Moldenke, Fifth Summ. 1+ 216 (1971) and 2: 93h. 19713; Hepper in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 540. 19725; Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 355 (1972) , 26: 6h (1973), and 41: 20. 1979. Additional & emended illustrations: Bourdu, Bull. Soc. Hot. France 10h: 157, fig. A--F. 1957; Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 60, fig. 337/27. 1968. Meikle (1968) characterizes this species as "A remarkable dwarf, less than 1 cm. high; the capitula sessile and forming a central 'disk' surrounded by numerous, narrowly subulate, often reddish, leaves", citing only Des Abbayes 777 from Guinea at Kew, but list- ing it also from the Central African Empire. It has been found in anthesis in October. ERIOCAULON SETACEUM L. Additional & emended bibliography: Haines, Bot. Bihar & Oris- sa, ed. 1, 6: 1066 & 1067 (192) and ed. 2, 3: 111) & 1115. 1961; Meikle in Hutchins, & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 58, 60, & 62, fig. 337/9. 19685; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.25: 379. 1975; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 6: 686. 1977; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 490 (1977) and 41: 1h & 2h. 1979. Recent collectors describe this whole plant as "pale-green" and have found it growing near the edge of ponds in moist evergreen forests and submerged in the water of the ponds, the inflorescence protruding above the water surface, at 650—1200 m. altitude. Additional citations: THAILAND: Beusekom & Charoenpol 1770 (Ac); Beusekom & Smitinand 1783 (Ac). ERIOCAULON SETACEUM var. CAPILLUS-NAIADIS (Hook. f.) Moldenke Additional & emended soars: gia be Haines, Bot. Bihar & Oris-= sa,ad. 1, 6: 1067 (192) and ed. 2, 32 1115, 19613; Hocking, Ex- cerpt. Bot. A.25: 379. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 490. 1977. In Sri Lanka this plant is known as "pedakokmota" and "penda" in Singhalese, ERIOCAULON SETICUSPE Ohwi Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 90. 1976. Nomura found this plant scattered in very shallow water at the 1979 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 57 margin of a large pond in what he says is the type locality, at 100 meters altitude, flowering and fruiting in October. Additional citations: JAPAN: Kyushu: Nomura 13011 (N). ERIOCAULON SEXANGULARE L. Additional bibliography: Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahres- ber. 2: 13. 1920; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 472 & 90 (1977), 37: 422 & 423 (1977), and 38: h7. 1977; B. C. Stone, Henderson's Ma- lay. Wild Fls. Append. 23. 1977; Satake, Journ. Jap. Bot. 53: 110. 1978; Scoggan, Fl. Canada 2: 459. 1978; Moldenke, Phytologia his 430. 1979. Recent collectors describe this plant as having "leaves and stems green, heads gray", and have found it growing in slow-moving permanent water and in open wet marshy areas, at 25--850 meters altitude, flowering in June and December, fruiting in December. Scoggan (1978) notes that the "E, sexangulare" reported from Can- ada by early writers is a misidentification for E. pellucidum Michx. Additional citations: SRI LANKA: Hepper, Maxwell, & Fernando 4566 (N); Sohmer & Waas 10226 (N). THAILAND: Larsen, Larsen, Nielsen, & Santisuk 31091 (N), 32318 (N). ERIOCAULON SMITINANDI Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 92 (1976) and 1: 20, 1979. Recent collectors describe this plant as "light-green", the "flow- ers gray-whitish", and have found it to be "common on moist impervi- a a in association with E. echimlatum Mart., at OO meters itude. Additional citations: THAILAND: Beusekom & Smitinand 212 (Ac). ERIOCAULON SOLLYANUM Royle Additional & emended bibliography: Haines, Bot. Bihar & Oris- ga, ed. 1, 6: 1066 & 1068 (192) and ed. 2, 3: 111) & 1116. 1961; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 91. 1977. ERIOCAULON SOLLYANUM var. SUMATRANUM Van Royen Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3h: 492-93. (1976) and 36: 38. 1977. Recent collectors describe this plant as a common erect herb to 60 cm. tall, the leaves fleshy and dark-green, the "heads ash- white with pale-brown bracts" and have encountered it in swampy sedge-grassland dominated by Rynchospora rubiginosa and Miscanthus floridulus, at 1550 meters altitude, flowering in December. Mater- ial has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as "E. hookeriana var. hookeriana", oy 458 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. 7 Additional citations: NEW GUINEA: Territory of New Guinea: Bar- ker & Vinas LAE.67725 (Mu). ERIOCAULON SPECTABILE F. Muell. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 33: 15. 1976. The G, C, Taylor 92, cited below, is placed here very tentative- ly; it is far too immature to allow accurate identification and does not closely resemble other material identified as this species. Miss Shiela Hooper, at Kew, writes of it in a letter to me dated July 11, 1977: "very young and I cannot make out the floral struc- ture. The stiff pink-tinged leaves look distinctive but I cannot match it except in E. spectabile which appears a much larger plant. E. nanum has similar small heads with gray floral bracts." Additional citations: AUSTRALIA: Northern Territory: G. C. Tay=- lor 92 [Herb. North. Terr. 33657] (Z). ERIOCAULON STEYERMARKII Moldenke Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.28: 170. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 91. 1977. ERIOCAULON STEYERMARKII var. BAHIENSE Moldenke Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.28: 170. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 33: 16. 1976. BRIOCAULON STRICTUM Milne=-Redhead Additional & emended bibliography: Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 63. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 491 (1977) and 1: 426. 1979. Meikle (1968) avers that this species is closely related to E. maculatum Schinz and E. fulvum N,. E. Br. ERIOCAULON TAKAE Koidz. Additional bibliography: Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. Wl: 13. 1916; Koidz., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. 15: 17h. 19183 Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 2: 12. 1920; Moldenke, Phytologia 25: 81. 1972. ERIOCAULON TENUIFOLIUM Klotzsch Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.28: 170. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 491. 1977. ERIOCAULON TENUIFOLIUM f. VIVIPARUM Moldenke Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.28: 170. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 33: 16—-17. 1976. ERIOCAULON TEUSCZII Engl. & Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Hutchins, & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 1, 2: 326 & 327. 19313 Moldenke, Phytologia 29: 233 (197k), 38: 26 & 131 (1977), and 1: 22, 1979, Hutchinson & Dalziel characterize this plant as having "Peduncles 1979 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 459 elongated from a small tuft of leaves; sheaths about 6 cm. long; heads white" and cite only Lely 283 at Kew from Northern Nigeria, flowering in June, commenting "Also is East tropical Africa, Rhodes- ia and Angola", ERIOCAULON TEXENSE Korn. Additional synonymy: Eriocaulon texense Horn, in herb. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 91 (1977) and 1: 19. 1979. Recent collectors have encountered this species in cleared bog- gy areas, in seepage areas with pitcherplants, and "frequent in marshy areas with scattered trees and hillside seepage from springs", flowering in June, the flowers described as "white". Material of E, texense has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as Lachnocaulon anceps (Walt.) Morong. On the other hand, the McCaleb 92 and Waddle 298, distributed as E. tex- ense, actually are E. deca are var. minor Moldenke, while Webster & Rowell 1903 is E. decangulare f. parviceps Moldenke. Additional citations: ALABAMA: R, Kral 35200 (N). LOUISIANA: Beauregard Par.: R. Kral 20158 (Au—2)5569, Ld); Kral & Ricks 16992 (Au--2)5578). Vernon Par.: R. Kral 20078 (Au--25576) ; Kral & Ricks 16772 (Au--25577); Thieret 32862 (ld). TEXAS: Hen- derson Co.: Correll, Correll, & Crutchfield 30952 (Ld). Jasper Co.: Nixon & Chambless 1817 (Ld) ERIOCAULON THWAITESII Korn. Additional & emended bibliography: Thwaites & Hook. f., Enum. Pl. Zeyl., imp. 1, 3h]. 186); Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahres- ber. 2: 12. 19203 Thwaites & Hook. f., Enum, Pl. Zeyl., imp. 2, 3l1. 1964; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 475 & 192. 1977. Waas describes this species as an herb, 15 cm. tall, with white flower-heads, and found it growing in secondary forest edges near a stream, at 00 feet altitude, flowering and fruiting in Jamary. Additional citations: SRI LANKA: Waas 1000 (W-—28019,2) . ERIOCAULON TOGOENSE Moldenke Additional synonymy: Eriocaulon togoense Moldenke ex Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 61, fig. 338/22. 1968. Additional & emended bibliography: Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 1, 2: 326. 19313 Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 57, 61, & 63, fig. 338/22. 1968; Mol- denke, Phytologia 29: 23) (197) and 38: 183. 1978. Emended illustrations: Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 61, fig. 338/22. 1968. Meikle (1968) characterizes this species as a "Neat tufted an- nual, usually less than 2 1/2 in. high; scapes numerous; capitula S—8 mm, diam. with conspicuous whitish involucral bracts", citing 460 Peht-70/L'0'G Tua Vol. hi, No. 7 the following collections at Kew: MALI: Raynal 5306 quinto. IV- ORY COAST: Aké Assi 723; De Wit 7901 sub 545. GHANA: Adames 1),00; Hall CC.92; Morton GC.9582. TOGO: Schroeder 155, 162. NIGERIA: Northern: Barter 7781; Daley FHL.3229); Meikle 703; Parsons L.1021; Philcox 167. Southern: Stanfield 57, 117. It has been found in flower in August and from October to January. ERIOCAULON TRANSVAALICUM N. E. Br. Additional & emended bibliography: Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 58, 59, & 63, fig. 336/11. 1968; Mol- denke, Phytologia 29: 23h, (1975 and 38: 131. 1977. ERIOCAULON TRANSVAALICUM var. HANNINGTONII (N. E. Br.) Meikle Additional synonymy: Eriocaulon monodii Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 165~=-166 e 1949 ° Additional & emended bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 165— 166 (1949) and 3: 335. 19503; Monod, Bull. Inst. Fr. Afr. Noir 16: 316. 1954; Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2 3: 58, 59, & 63, fig. 336/11. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 18: 319— 320 (1969), 2h: 480 (1972), 292 195 & 234—235 (197k), and hl: 27. 1979 Emended illustrations: Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr’., ed. 2, 3: 59, fig. 336/11. 1968. Meikle (1968) characterizes this plant as having "Scapes numer— ous, capitula subglobose, about mm. diam., involucral bracts pale brown", citing only at Kew Monod sen. from Mali, commenting "Also in Tanzania and Mozambique; typical E. transvaalicum is widespread in tropical Africa outside our area". It has been found in flower in December. ERIOCAULON TRUNCATUM Hamilt. Additional & emended bibliography: Haines, Bot. Bihar & Oris- sa, ed. 1, 6: 1067 & 1070. 192; Bond, Wild Fls. Ceyl. Hills xiii, 232, 233, & 239, pl. 120. 1953; Haines, Bot. Bihar & Orissa, ed. 2, 3: 1115 & 1118. 1961; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 92. 1977; B. C. Stone, Henderson's Malay. Wild Fls. Append. 23. 1977. Rereirs illustrations: Bond, Wild Fls. Ceyl. Hills 233, pl. 120. 7 Se Maxwell describes this plant as having the "inflorescence bracts and flower bracts gray, leaves and scape green" and found it grow- ing in a few cm. of water over a sand-silt bottom, at 25 meters al- titude, flowering and fruiting in December. Thwaites (186) as- serts that the species is very common in Sri Lanka, where Bond (1953) says that it occurs "in swampy ground up to the highest ele- vations, in flower most of the year". Additional citations: MALAYA: Singapore: Maxwell 76-79) (Ac). 1979 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 61 ERIOCAULON WALKERI Hook. f. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 87 & 93. 2gT Ts Thwaites (186) asserts that this species is abundant on paddy borders in Sri Lanka. Additional citations: SRI LANKA: Jayasuriya 2105 (N). ERIOCAULON WIGHTIANUM Mart. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 33: 19. 1976. Recent collectors report this species "local on moist impervi- ous hardpan" at 00 m. altitude, in Thailand, while Raju refers to it as an annual herb, with many scapes, white flower—heads, and broad leaves, found in wet places in cultivated rice fields after the crop was cut. Additional citations: INDIA: Andhra Pradesh: V. S. Raju 675b (Ld). THAILAND: Beusekom & Smitinand 2158 (Ac), ERIOCAULON WILLDENOVIANUM Moldenke Emended synonymy: Eriocaulon longifolium "Nees ex Kunth" apud Abeywickrama, Ceyl. Journ. Sci. Biol. 2: ll. 1959. Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.25: 379. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 72, 490, & 493. 1977; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 65: 78. 1978. Recent collectors refer to this species as a "light-green" herb with gray or white flower-heads and found it to be locally frequent on moist impervious hardpan, as well as at the edges of drying-out waterholes, at 00 m. altitude, flowering in November. Additional citations: SRI LANKA: Waas 923 (W--2769016). THAI- LAND: Beusekom & Smitinand 2115 (Ac). ERIOCAULON WILLDENOVIANUM var. FERGUSONII lMoldenke Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A253 379%. 19755 Moldenke, Phytologia 29: 238—239. 197h. ERIOCAULON XENOPODION T. Koyama Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3h: 96. 1976. Maxwell describes this plant as having "bracts tan, heads whit- ish with black corollas" and encountered it as an erect herb in wet sandy-muddy marshes on savannas, at 550 m. altitude, flowering and fruiting in August. Additional citations: THAILAND: Maxwell 76-5) (Ac). ERIOCAULON XERANTHEMUM Mart. Additional & emended bibliography: Haines, Bot. Bihar & Oris-= sa, ed. 1, 6: 1067 & 1070 (192h) and ed. OF 3er ibis & 31d 11962: Moldenke, Phytologia 3h: 96. 1976. It is worth noting that Haines (192), 1961) still follows Hooker in placing E. xeranthemoides Van Heurck & Muell.-Arg. in the synonymy of E, xeranthemum, but that African taxon is now 462 PEYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. 7 known as E, togo#nse Moldenke. The Raju 61), distributed as possibly E. xeranthemm, actually is E. quinquangulare Lis ERIOCAULON ZAMBESIENSE Ruhl. Additional & emended bibliography: Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 1, 2: 326 & 327. 19313 Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 58, 59, & 62, fig. 336/1. 1968; Mol- denke, Phytologia 29: 195, 235, & 239. 197k. Enended illustrations: Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 25 3: 59, fig. 336/1. 1968. Meikle (1968) characterizes this species as having "Peduncles up to 2 ft. 8 in. high; capitula 5—8 mm. diam., covered with whit- ish papillae, generally viviparous", citing the following collec- tions at Kew: CAMEROONS: Brunt 1092; Hepper 2021; Maitland 11,00. FERNANDO PO: Monod 10358. It has been found in flow- er in February, April, June, and December. Meikle notes that "The specimen from F. Po closely resembles typical E. zambesiense, but those from W. Cam[eroons] are altogether more robust, with very broad and blunt leaves, up to 1.5 cm. wide at the base". ERIOCAULON ZOLLINGERIANUM Korn. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 3h: 496—l97. 1976. Recent collectors have found this plant growing in open wet places along roadsides in disturbed evergreen forests on moist in- pervious hardpan, at 00 meters altitude, flowering in November, and describe it as light-green, the heads "globose to barrel-shaped, yellowish". Additional citations: THAILAND: Beusekom & Smitinand 2130 (Ac). LACHNOCAULON Kunth Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.25: 378. 1975; Kral, Rhodora 78: lj). 1976; Batson, Gen, East. Pl. 0 & 195. 19775 Lelong, Sida 7: 127. 1977; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 63: 3041 & 6590. 1977; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 470, 87, )93—-l97, & 506 (1977) and 37: 22—25 & 508. 1977; Poppeton, Shuey, & Sweet, Fla, Scient. 0: 372. 1977; Richardson, Fla. Scient. 0: 303. 1977; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 6: 78. 1978; Moldenke, Phytologia Wi: 411 & 19. 1979. LACHNOCAULON ANCEPS (Walt.) Morong Additional bibliography: Kral, Rhodora 78: lll. 1976; Batson, Gen, East. Pl. O. 1977; Lelong, Sida 7: 127. 19773 Moldenke, Phy- tologia 36: 470 & 493--l96 (1977) and 37: 23 & 2h. 1977; Poppeton, Shuey, & Sweet, Fla. Scient. 0: 372. 1977; Richardson, Fla. Scient. 0: 303. 1977; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 65: 78. 1978; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 119. 1979. Additional illustrations: Batson, Gen. East. Pl. 0. 1977. Lelong (1977), calling this plant "bog=buttons", records it as 1979 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 463 "Infrequent in moist, open sandy areas" in Mobile County, Alabama. Other recent collectors have found it in sandy peat of flatwoods bogs, on wet prairies, in moist sandy peat of clearings in slash pine - saw palmetto woods, in wet ditches, and on mowed roadbanks, flowering in June and September. Lakela remarks that it is "com mon throughout" Hillsborough County, Florida, on moist creekbanks. The flower-heads are described as "chalky-gray=white" by D'Arcy. Shacklette found the species "in very wet heavily organic-stained soil in low pine-palmetto woods". Material of L. anceps has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as L. beyrichianum Sporleder and L, minus (Chapm.) Small. On the other hand, the A. S. Hitchcock s.n. (Eustis, June— July 189], Taylor & Taylor 1338, Williamson 2, and A, Wood s.n. [Tallahassee], distributed as L. anceps, actually are L. beyrich- ianum Sporleder (not L. minus as previously cited by me) « Clare 3001 at Austin bears a label reading "Dichromena nivea Boeckl.", perhaps as a result of mixed labels during the mounting process, Additional & emended citations: VIRGINIA: Greensville Co.: Smith & Hodgdon Pl. Exsicc. Gray. 1029 (Id). NORTH CAROLINA: Bla- den Co.: Fox & Godfrey 26), (N). Brunswick Co.: Godfrey 8391 (Ld). Cumberland Co.: Fox & Godfrey 2592 (N). Onslow Co.: W. V. Brown s.n. [June 19, 190] (Au—217135), sen. [June 20, 190] (Au--211611). Pamlico Co.: Godfrey 8295 (Ld). SOUTH CAROLINA: Bamberg Co.: Ahles & Haesloop 30595 (Id). Darlington Co.: Rad- ford & Stewart },01 (Au--26791). Horry Co.: Bell 7767 (Au—192198). GEORGIA: Clinch Co.: R. Kral 24289 (Au--2)5580). Jeff Davis Co.: Shacklette 7112 (Mi). Miller Co.: Thorne 4217 (Au--26788). Scre- ven Co.: R. Kral 2052 (Au—-2))5590). FLORIDA: Alachua Co.: D'Ar- cy 1602 (Ld). Hillsborough Co.: Lakela 2577 (ld). Levy Co.: Kral & Kral 6918 (Au--232211). Nassau Co.: R. Kral 22729 (Ld). Okeechobee Co.: R. Kral 2078 (Au--25622). Osceola Co.: R. Kral 2068 (Au—-2)5617). Santa Rosa Co.: Godfrey 56687 (Ld). Volusia Co. R. Kral 20443 (Au-~245618), 20452 (Au--245573). ALABAMA: Mo- bile Co.: Taylor & Taylor 13577 (Ld). MISSISSIPPI: Pearl River Co.: Jones & Reynolds 11960 (Au--260902); R. Kral 17332 (Au—- 24,5538). LOUISIANA: Beauregard Par.: R. Kral 20156 (Au—2),561), Ld), 20197 (Au—2h5537); Kral & Ricks 16991 (Au—-2]5571). Rapid- es Par.: R. Kral 20069 (Au--25613). Vernon Par.: R. Kral 20039 (Au2)5612); R. McVaugh 8457 (Au—26790). TEXAS: Bexar Co.: Clare 3001 (Au—26779). Hardin Co.: D. S. Correll 32972 (Ld); Correll & Correll 38791 (1d); Lundell & Lundell 11152 (Ld). Jas- per Co.: Gould 5838 (Au--26781); Thompson & Turner 170 (Au— 135425). Tyler Co.: D. S. Correll 35836 (Ld), 36995 (Au--28))72, Ld), 37246 (Au—284)23, Ld), 37248 (Ld); Tharp, Turner, & Johns- ton 54955 (Au-~-26780) . 46h, PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. 7 LACHNOCAULON ANCEPS f. GLABRESCENS Moldenke y| Additional bibliography: Kral, Rhodora 78: lh. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: h9l—h96 (1977) and 37: 2h. 1977. The Austin sheet of Kral 20420 has all the peduncles complete— ly glabrous and is regarded by me as representing typical L. glabrum Korn. rather than the present form. LACHNOCAULON BEYRICHIANUM Sporleder Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 90 & 96— 497 (1977), 37: 23 & 2h (1977), and ‘Wt 11. 1979. Recent collectors have found this species growing in the "sandy edges of pocosins", in limesink ponds, "in dry sterile white sand beneath Pinus palustris and Quercus virginiana", "in clumps to 20 cm. in diameter in sandy openings in extensive Pinus clausa scrub with many young pines and rather dense shrub cover of Lyonia fer= ruginea, L. dulcis, glaucous Serenoa repens, Quercus geminata, Q. chapmani i Befaria. racemosa, Persea humilis, Ceratiola, Osmanthus megacarpa, with Rhynchospora megalocarpa, aha Galactia elliottii and Smilax auriculata", "in wet sandy—peaty soil of roadside savannas", "in pure white ake among scattered Quercus laevis and pines", on lake shores, in dry woods, above highwater-mark on shores of ponds, on mucky wet shores of pools in cypress-gum clearings, in wet places in general, "frequent in low sandy areas bordering gras- sy depressions on dunes of white sand with low scrub of Quercus, Persea, Bumelia, Befaria, etc.", On sandy lakeshores, and at the "edge of a series of ponds in depressions in sand", a 105 feet alti- tude, flowering and fruiting from April to October. Sahaliert sn. [4/30/41] in the Britton Herbarium exhibits rath- er broader leaves than usual, more like those seen on L. minus (Chapm.) Small. Most of the specimens listed below were previously erroneously cited by me as L. minus before the distinctions between that spe- cies and L. beyrichianum were more clearly understood. Material of L. beyrichianum has been misidentified and distributed in many her- baria as Eriocaulon sp., Lachnocaulon anceps (Walt. ) Morong, L. michauxii Kunth, and L. minus (Chapm.) Small. On the other hand, the Fox & Godfrey 2592 & 26Lh, previously regarded as L. beyrichia- num actually are L. anceps, s, Nash 148 is a mixture with L L. minus, and Halfert Sone (23 Apr. 193] is a mixture with Syngonanthus flavidulus (Michx. ) Ruhl. Additional & emended citations: NORTH CAROLINA: Bladen Co.: R. Kral 27199 (N). Carteret Co.: W. V. Brown s.n. [June 18, 1941] (Au—21715). New Hanover Co.: "Blake - 12432 - (1d); Godfrey Pl. Ex- sicc. Gray. 926 (Au, Ba, B1--76085, 85, Ca—7h1292, Gg-—-275 56, Hi— 22050, Hi—5389h, Ld, ¥is--80;30, N, N, Ok, 5, St, W—-1823367, Ws) 3 Williamson 2 (N). GRORGIA! Baker Chis Thorne 1363 (N). Lowndes Co.? 1979 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 465 Re M. Harper 1607 (N). Screven Co.: Hardin & Duncan 1478 (Mi). FLORIDA: Broward Co.: Small & Carter 1037 (N). Gadsden Co.: A. Wood sen. [Quincy] (Pa). Gilchrist Co.: West | & Arnold s.n. [5 Oct. . 1940) (N). Highlands Co.: Webster 1179 (N). Lake Co: A. oie. Hitchcock s. n. (Eustis, June-July 189)] (Fl—53h, Ka, N); Nash 1)8 h 148 in part cK.” Ca--115162, D—703935, Es, Mi, Mm-—7950, Mis—~15107, W-=22326h, W— 936870 in part), 1855 (Ba, C, Es, Ms——-15),99, W-=2521,19) « Leon Co.: A. Wood s.n. [Tallahassee] (Pa) . Martin Co.: R. Kral 2018 (Au-- 245606, Ld). Nassau Co.: G. S, Schallert s.n. [5//l1] (N). Polk Co.: P. O. Schallert s.n. (b/30/41) (Ca--8)1817, Dp——30192, N); Taylor | & . Taylor 5215 (Ld). Putnam Co.: Barnhart 2117 (Herb. Barn- hart 2563] (N). Saint Lucie Co.: R R. Kral 20378 (Au--2h5607). Sem— inole Co.: Ray, Wood, Smith, & itor 10714 (Ld). Volusia Co.: Hal- fert sen. [3 Apr. 193k] in part (Mi); R. K Re Kral 2041 (Au--25619, Ld). “Wakulla Co.: Godfrey 55667 (N), 64164 6h (Ld). . ALABAMA: Dauphin Island: Taylor & Taylor 13348 ‘CA LACHNOCAULON DIGYNUM Korn. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 97. 1977. Kral encountered this species in "sandy peat of boggy bottoms" and in "sandy peat on roadbanks through pineland bogs", Additional citations: FLORIDA: Bay Co.: R. Kral 15656 (1d), 15667 (Au=-2)5603). Escambia Co.: R. Kral 1763 (Au--25599), 23169 (Au— 245600, Ld). ALABAMA: Mobile Co.: R Re Kral 35642 (N). Washington Co. Re Kral 35556 (N). LACHNOCAULON ECILIATUM Small This taxon is now regarded as cospecific with L. minus (Chapm.) Small, which see. LACHNOCAULON ENGLERI Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.25: 378. 1975; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 63: 6590. 1977; Moldenke, Phytologia 36: lok & 497 (1977) and 37: 22—23. 1977. Additional citations: FLORIDA: Martin Co.: R. Kral 18235 (Au-- 2145535, Ld), 20386 (Au—2h5575, Ld). Volusia Co.: R. Kral 18426 (Au--2))552h, Ld). Walton Co.: R. Kral 177h6 (Au--2),5601, 71 ay LACHNOCAULON ENGLERI f. ABLUDENS Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 63: 6590. 1977; Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 23. 1977. LACHNOCAULON ENGLERI var. CAULESCENS Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 29: 286. 197h; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.25: 378. 1975. 66 PEI T O06 Ia Vol. 1, No. 7 LACHNOCAULON FLORIDANUM Small This taxon is now regarded as cospecific with L. glabrum Ktrn., which see. aes LACHNOCAULON GLABRUM Korn. Synonymy: Lachnocaulon floridanum Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S., ed. 1, 235 & 1328. 1903. Additional & emended bibliography: Moldenke, N. Am. Fl. 19 (1): 46——50. 19373; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 330, 331, 349, 357, 359, & 362. 1939; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 3: 753, 760, 777, 822, 81, 877, 899, 9h1, 942, ub, & 958. 19493 R. Kral, Sida 2: 315, 316, 319, 321-323, 325, 331, & Lh3, 19663; Long & Lakela, Fl. Trop. Fla., ed. 1, 262 & 938. 19713 Moldenke, Phytologia 29: 103, 20h, 286, & 287 (197k), 36: 487 & bh (1977), and 37: 23 & 2h. 1977. Kral 2020 at Austin has all the peduncles completely glabrous, not mixed with incompletely glabrescent ones as in other sheets of this collection. Additional citations: FLORIDA: Charlotte Co.: R. Kral 1800 Au--2))5551). Lake Co.: Nash 1981 (C, Es, Ms--15501, N, W— 25218). Lee Co.: R. Kral 18012 (Au—25531). Martin Co.: R. Kral 18288 (Au—2)5536), 20420 in part (Au--2)562)). Saint Lucie Cos Re Kral 202) (Au--2),5621, Ld). LACHNOCAULON MINUS (Chapm,) Small Additional synonymy: Lachnocaulon eciliatum Small, Fl. South- east. U. S., ed. 1, 235 & 1328. 1903. Additional & emended bibliography: J. K. Small, Man. Southeast. Fl. 256--257. 1933; Moldenke, N. Am. Fl. 19 (1): 46—-50. 1937; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 330, 331, 349, 352—-35h, 356, 357, 362, & 363. 1939; Moldenke, Alph. List Cit. 1: 37, 2, 90, 138, 139, 20, 257, 283, 28h, 287, & 290. 19463 Moldenke, Phytologia 3: 9)--96. 1951; Moldenke, Résumé 10—-13 & 84. 1959; R. Kral, Sida 2: 315 & 321. 1966; Moldenke, Phytologia 18: 381 & 37 (1969) and 20: 35, 36, 41, 46, 48-50, 52, 81—83, & 252. 1970; Long & Lakela, Fl. Trop. Fla., ed. 1, 260, 262, & 938. 1971; Moldenke, Phytologia 25: 128, 129 & 225 (1973), 26: 43, 18h, & 467 (1973), 36: 29, 9h, 496, & 97 (1977), and 37: 22=-25. 19773; Poppeton, Shuey, & Sweet, Fla. Scient. 0: 372. 19773; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 65: 7B. 1978. A note on Kral 1777 asserts that "This is the plant Small called L. eciliatum and it may be that hybrids between L. minus and L. engleri do fit Small's description"; it exhibits thin leaves very much like those seen in typical L. beyrichianum Sporle- der. Similar leaves are seen on Godfrey 7011}. The Fox & Godfrey 2592 & 26h, previously regarded and cited as L. minus, seem actually to be L. anceps (Michx.) Ruhl., as is also Shacklette 7112, distributed as L. minus, while Barnhart 2117, Blake - wi 1979 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 467 12431, Godfrey 55667, 6416), & Pl. Exsicc. Gray. 926, Hardin & Dun- can 1478, Re M. Harper 1607, Herb. A. an sone, A. S. Hitchcock Sen. mathe June-July 189], Nash 1855, , Wood, Smith, & Eaton 1071, Schallert s.n. [b/30/LL) & “& sen. [5/h Whi, ; Small & C & Carter 103 1037, Thorne 4,363, Webster ter 179, West & Arnold SoMe [S Oct. 190], and Williamson s.n. are L. beyrichiamum Sporleder; Nash 18, in at least some herbaria, is a mixture of L. minus and L. beyrichianum. Additional citations: NORTH CAROLINA: Brunswick Co.: Bradl dley & Stevenson 3306 (Au—25096), Ld); Godfrey 19350 (Ld); Godfrey & Fox L97h2 (Ld). 0 Onslow Co.: R. Kral 22h72 (Au——245583) . SOUTH CAROLI- NA: Georgetown Co.: R. Kral 19018 (Au—-25587, La). FLORIDA: High- lands Co.: Brass 14545 (W--2065050). Lake Co.: Biltmore Herb. 15001d (N, N); Bright ght 382 2 (Ws) 5 Nash 18 in part (W--936870 in part). Leon Co.: Godfrey 62896 (Au--229695), 70114 (Au--290101, Ld); N. C. Hen- derson n 63-1066 (Au—229912); Kral & _& Godfrey SNe [1s Aug. 1962] (Au 25616). Putnam Co.: R. M. Harper Gi (N, N, W--5134)90), 8 in part (W— 51391). Seminole Co.: athe . Kral 20457 (Au—215602, Ld). “Volusia Co.: R. Kral 1827 (Au——2,5620, Id). Walton Co.: Curtiss 3022 (Bc, C, Ca— 189378, I, Mu—37h, N, Pa, W--5319, W—3687h)3; R. Kral 177u7 (Av— 246615). County wdetersees Eaton 1059 (Ld). LEIOTHRIX Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.25: 378 (1975) and A.28: 170 & 171. 1976; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 63: 301 (1977) and 6: 787. 1977; Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 25--31, 33, 270, 89, 49h, & 508 (1977) and 38: 30, 31, & 507. 1978. The M. A. Chase 1032, distributed in some herbaria as Leiothrix sp., actually is Paepalanthus cuspidatus Alv. Silv. LEIOTHRIX ANGUSTIFOLIA (Korn.) Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 25. 1977. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Davidse, Ramamoorthy, & Vital 1195) (N). LEIOTHRIX ARGENTEA Alv. Silv. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 25: 96 (1972) and 37: 49h. 1977. Hatschbach encountered this species in wet sandy soil among rocks, flowering and fruiting in April. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Hatschbach 41345 (Z). MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Silveira's original description (N, W, Wj. Z)- LEIOTHRIX ARGYTRODERMA var. BREVIPES Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 25.1977. The Eitens have found this plant growing in a small natural marsh at the side of a pond between rock outcrops in a thin humus layer over the sloping rock face, at 250 meters altitude, flower- ing and fruiting in November. — 68 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. 7 Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Glaziou 9000 [U. S. Nat. Herb. photo 5889] (W—283002—-fragment & photo of . of type). Rio de Janeiro: Eiten & Eiten 6606 (N), 6608 (N). LEIOTHRIX CURVIFOLIA (Bong.) Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 25-26, 33, & 270. 1977. The Irwin, Fonséca, Souza, Reis dos Santos, & Ramos 28221, dis- tributed as typical L. curvifolia, seems better placed as var. lanuginosa (Bong.) Ruhl. LEIOTHRIX CURVIFOLIA var. LANUGINOSA (Bong.) Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 29: 288. 197h. Recent collectors describe this plant as a tufted herb, the in- florescences to 7 cm. tall, the heads light-gray, and have found it growing on campos in areas of campo, cerrado on the outcrops, and wooded valleys", at 1200 meters altitude, flowering and fruit- ing in March. The Irwin & al. 28221, cited below, was distributed as and pre- viously cited - by m me in error as aiiad L. curvifolia (Bong .) Ruhl. Additional & emended citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Irwin, Fonséca, Souza, Reis dos Santos, & Ramos 28221 (X, W—~2759063, 2). LEIOTHRIX CURVIFOLIA var. SETACEA Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 29: 288. 197). Recent collectors have found this plant on wet sandy campos, in fruit in Jamary. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Hatschbach 0837 (Ld); Mexia 5799 (Au-~2679)). LEIOTHRIX DIELSII Fuhl. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 26. 1977. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro: Segadas—Vianna, Lau, Ormond, Machline, & Laredo 1.158 [Herb. Rio de Jan. 108893] (Au-—210062) . LEIOTHRIX DUBIA Alv. Silv. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 33: 22. 1976. Hatschbach has encountered this plant in wet sandy soil at the base of some hills, flowering in April. He reports the flowers as "white". Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Hatschbach )1288 (Ld). MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Silveira's original description & illus- tration (N, W, Z). LEIOTHRIX ECHINOCEPHALA Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 26. 1977. Hatschbach encountered this species on "afloramentos rochosos, depress8es, arenosos", flowering and fruiting in January. 79 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 469 Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Hatschbach 091) C2 ie LEIOTHRIX FLAVESCENS (Bong.) Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 26—27. 1977. Recent collectors have found this plant growing in brejo (wet sedge meadow) and in wet soil at the edge of corrego, flowering in April, fruiting in April and July. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goids: Hatschbach ],0062 (Ld). Min- as Gerais: Hatschbach 11333 (Ld). LEIOTHRIX FLUMINENSIS var. PUBERULA Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 29: 290. 197). Additional citations: BRAZIL: State undetermoned: Guillemin 239 [U. S. Nat. Herb. photo 5900] (W—2830)03——fragment & photo of type) ° LEIOTHRIX FULGIDA Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 28. 1977. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Mexia 5882 (Au— 26808). LEIOTHRIX HATSCHBACHII Molcenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 29: 290. 197h; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.25: 378. 1975. LEIOTHRIX HIRSUTA (Wikstr.) Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.28: 170. 19763 Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 28. 1977. Recent collectors describe this species as an herb, 25 cm. tall, the leaves pilose, and the inflorescences cream=color. They have found it growing in sandy soil in secondary forests disturbed to extract Attalea funifera fiber, as well as in wet places in general, flowering in March and July, in fruit in March. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Mori, Mattos Silva, Kallun- ki, Santos, & Santos 966) (Ld), 9695 (Ld); Santos & Mattos Silva 328) (Ed) LEIOTHRIX HIRSUTA var. BLANCHETIANA (Korn.) Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 36: 16. 1976. Recent collectors have encountered this plant on campos, flow- ering in September. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Mori, Mattos Silva, & San- tos 10508 (Ld). LEIOTHRIX HIRSUTA var. TONSILIS Moldenke Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.28: 170. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 33: 23. 1976, 70 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. kl, No. 7 LEIOTHRIX SINUOSA Giulietti in Monteiro-scanavacca, Mazzoni, & Giu- lietti, Bol, Bot. Univ. S. Paulo s [61], 62, 68, & 69, fig. 6 & 7, 1976. Bibliography: Monteiro-Scanavacca & Mazzoni, Bol. Bot. Univ. S. Paulo : [105]. 1976; Monteiro-Scanavacca, Mazzoni, & Giulietti, Bol. Bot. Univ. S. Paulo : [61], 62, 68, & 69, fig. 6 & 7. 1976. Illustrations: Monteiro-Scanavacca, Mazzoni, & Giulietti, Bol. Bot. Univ. S. Paulo : 69, fig. 6 & 7. 1976. This species is based on A. M, Giulietti 913 from "longo da rodovia Vespasiano-Concei¢g#o do Mato Dentro, km. 11--139", mn- icipio Jaboticaguba, Serra do Cip6, Minas Gerais, Brazil, collected on Jamaary 26, 197), and probably deposited in the herbarium of the University of So Paulo. LEIOTHRIX SPERGULA Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 33: 2 (1976) and 37: 489. 1977. ; a citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Mexia 5781 (Au-- 26795) « LEIOTHRIX UMBRATILIS Moldenke Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.28: 171. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 29. 1977. LEIOTHRIX UMBRATILIS var. BREVIPES Moldenke Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.28: 171. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 29. 1977. LEIOTHRIX VIVIPARA var. ANGUSTA Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 35: 16. 1976. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: P. Clausen sn. [Serra do Caraga; U. S. Nat. Herb. photo 5898] (W——photo) . MESANTHEMUM Korn. Additional & emended bibliography: Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 1, 23 32, & 327-—328, fig. 292. 1931; Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 57 & 64-65, fig. 339. 1968; Hepper in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 540. 19773 Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 63: 301. 19775; Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 30 & 508 (1977) and 1: 421 & 2h. 1979. MESANTHEMUM ALBIDUM H. Lecomte Synonymy: Eriocaulon guineénse Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. : 6, nom. mud. 1962; Phytologia 8: 386. 1962 [not E. guineénse Steud., 1855]. Eriocaulon hirsutulum Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. ): 6, nom. mud. 1962; Phytologia 8: 387. 1962. Eriocaulon toumouense Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 17: lh & 18, hyponym. 1968; Phytologia 19: 168. 1970. Additional bibliography: Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 1, 2: 327 & 328. 19313; Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 386-—387. 19625 ————————= se 1979 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 47 Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. h: 6. 1962; Anon., Assoc. Etud. Tax. Fl. Afr. Trop. Index 1962: 29. 1963; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.6: 55. 1963; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 2: 1517. 1963; Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 65. 1968; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. 17: & 10. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 18: 181 (1969), 19: 468--69 (1970), and 20: 281 & 10. 1970; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 51 (17): BASIC. S.72. 1970; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 51: 9629. 1970; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1: 54. 1970; Anon., Assoc. Stud. Tax. Fl. Afr. Trop. Index 1970: 25. 1971; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 18: 5. 1971; Moldenke, Fifth Summ, 1: 217 (1971) and 2: 502 & 93. 1971; Hepper in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 50. 1972; Moldenke, Phytologia 2h: 6) (1972), 25: 8h (1972), 33: 25 & 26 (1976), and i: 421 & 2h. 1979. Hutchinson & Dalziel (1931) comment that this species is "Much resembling Eriocaulon; small herb with very short leaves and slen- der peduncles with basal sheath about 2 cm. long; heads white, de- pressed globose, 1/) in. diam.", citing only Pobéguin 1359 from French Guinea. Meikle (1968) characterizes it as a "Slender annual, plants scattered in open colonies; leaves subglabrous, generally less than 1 1/h in. long; peduncles slender, shining, to about 6 in. high, clothed with spreading hairs; involucral bracts broad, pallid; floral bracts wanting; florets whitish, pilose, receptacle pilose with pallid hairs". He cites the following collections at Kew: SENEGAL: Adam 18370. GUINEA: Adames 363; Chillou 390); Pobé- guin 1153, 1359. SIERRA LEONE: Jordan 588. It has been found in anthesis from August to October. MESANTHEMUM AURATUM H. Lecomte Synonymy: Mesanthemum rubrum Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. ): 6, nom. nud. 1962; Phytologia 8: 390--391. 1962. Additional bibliography: Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 1, 2: 327 & 328. 19313; Moldenke, Résumé Suppl. : 6. 19623 Mol- denke, Phytologia 8: 390--391. 1962; Anon., Assoc. Etud. Tax. Fl. Afr. Trop. Index 1962: 29. 1963; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.6: 455. 1963; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 42: 1517. 1963; Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 65. 1968; Moldenke, Phytolo- gia 20: 285. 1970; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1: 86. 1970; Mol- denke, Fifth Summ, 1: 217 (1971) and 2: 946. 19713 Moldenke, Phy- tologia 25: 142 (1973) and 33: 25. 1976. Hutchinson & Dalziel (1931) describe this species as "A small herb with a few radical leaves and very slender pilose peduncles.. apparently a very distinct species", citing only Pobéguin 30 from French Guinea. Meikle (1968) characterizes it as a "Slender an- nual, plants often in rather close tufts; leaves thinly pilose or subglabrous, usually less than 35 cm. long; peduncles to about 10 in. high, slender, shining, thinly clothed with spreading hairs; involucral bracts narrow, fuscous, pilose; floral bracts filiform, plumose, orange or reddish; florets yellow or red, concealed by the floral bracts and pale receptacular hairs." He cites the fol- 472 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. hl, No. 7 lowing collections from Kew: GUINEA BISSAU: Raimundo & Guerra 931 GUINEA: Chillou 675, 676, 679; Jacques-Félix 74513 Schnell 7479. SIERRA LEONE: Jaeger 576. It has been found in anthesis from Oc tober to January. MESANTHEMUM BENNAE Jacques-rélix Additional bibliography: Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 64. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 30. 1977. Meikle (1968) characterizes this species as a "Tufted perenni- al; leaves pilose or pubescent; peduncles thinly pilose with spreading hairs, 16—-18 in. high; capitula 2--2.5 cm. diam.; in- volucral bracts whitish or pale brown; florets pallid, immersed in a cushion of long whitish receptacular hairs". He cites only Jacques~F6lix 2091 from Guinea. It has been found in flower in October. MESANTHEMUM JABGERI Jacques-lélix Additional bibliography: Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 6h. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 35: 17. 1976. Meikle (1968) calls this species a "Robust perennial with a swollen bulbous base; leaves and peduncles pilose with spreading hairs; scapes to 16 in. high, capitula 1—1.8 cm. diam.; involu- cral bracts dirty whitish; florets whitish, immersed in a cushion of long black receptacular hairs". He cites the following col- lections at Kew: SIFRRA LEONE: Cole 155; Jaeger 1625, 7655. NI- GERIA: Southern: Savory & Keay FHI.25079. It has been found in flower in September and December. MESANTHEMUM PRESCOTTIANUM (Bong.) Korn. Additional & emended bibliography: Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 1, 2: 327--328. 1931; Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 64. 1968; Hepper in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fle WacTrops/Arrejred., 29032 5h0. 19723 Moldenke, Phytologia 37: S05 I9TTs Hutchinson & Dalziel (1931) report "White, star-shaped flower- heads" for this species, citing only Caille s.n. [Herb. Chevalier 15038 & 348], Deighton 1277, Herb. Lindley s.n., and Pobéguin 2092 from French Guinea and Sierra Leone. Meikle (1968) calls it a "Slender perennial; leaves and peduncles thinly clothed with spreading hairs; scapes up to 18 in. high; leaves narrow, grass- like; capitulum with conspicuous radiating involucral bracts, like a white daisy". He cites the following collections from Kew: GUINEA: Adames 273; Baldwin 9772; Miquel 63; Pobéguin 7343; Schnell 6218, 6789. SIERRA LEONE: Deighton 1277, 5153 Haswell 80; Herb. Lindley s.n.3 Jaeger 75953 T. Se Jones 231; Melville & Hooker 358. SN cmenendiiitnens maaan EES SS Schnell 6363. It has been found in anthesis in June and from Au- gust to November. 1979 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 473 MESANTHEMUM RADICANS (Benth.) Korn. Additional & emended bibliography: Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 1, 2: 327 & 328, fig. 292. 19315 Meikle in Hutch- ins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 6l--65, fig. 339. 1968; Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 30 (1977) and 1: 2h. 1979. Emended illustrations: Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 1, 2: 327, fig. 292. 1931; Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afrs; ed. 2, 3: 65, f1g¢.«1339..1968. Meikle (1968) characterizes this species as a "Robust perennial, often forming loose mats in swamps or streams; stems often elon- gate, leaves and peduncles thinly pilose or glabrescent; scapes up to 2 ft. high; capitula 1--1.3 om. diam.; involucral bracts whitish; florets pallid, immersed in a cushion of long, whitish or pale gray receptacular hairs". He cites the following collections at Kew: SENEGAL: Berhaut 5822; Perrottet s.n. SIERRA LEONE: Harley 1958; Harvey 143; Jaeger 207). LIBERIA: Adam 20332; Adames 161; DeWit 9122; Voorhoeve 1217. IVORY COAST: DeWilde 219; DeWit 79023 Schnell 6542. GHANA: Fishlock 3/1931. DAHOMEY: Adjanohoun 248; Raynal 13543. NIGERIA: Southern: Barter 2201; Kennedy 2798; Onochie FHI. 320993 Onyeagocha FHI.77903 Richards 5086. FERNANDO PO: Milne s.n. He lists it also from "Congo and Angola and eastwards to Uganda and Tanzania". It has been found in anthesis from November to February and in fruit in April, May, August, and September. Balslev encountered this species in a "Flat area of sandy lake deposits. Vegetation of grass fields with spots of dense forest with trees not more than 6 m, high. The area swampy." = altitude was 110 m. and he found it in flower in Septen- er. Additional citations: TANZANIA: Tanganyika: Balslev 016 (Ac). MOLDENKEANTHUS P. Morat Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 63: 30h]. 19773 Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 30 & 508. 1977; He N.& A. Le M Cord. Groat. Tide Wie are ’ oldenke, MOLDENKEANTHUS ITREMENSIS P. Morat Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 35: 17--18. 1976; H. N. & A. L. Moldenke, Cord. Greet. 1 & h. 1977. 2 cork illustrations: H. N. & A. L. Moldenke, Cord. Greet. Additional citations: MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: P, Morat, Addisonia, Ber. 2, 152165, Dl» do 1976 (ane PAEPALANTHUS Mart, Additional synonymy: Paepacantus Kunth, in herb. Additional bibliography: Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr. ed. 1, 2: 32h & 328. 1931; Meikle in Hutchins, & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr.e, ed. 2, 3: 57 & 65. 19683; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.25: 378— 380 (1975) and A.26: 6, 29, 89, & 90. 19753 Spellman, Dayer, & Da~ 7h Pot: T-2.0 4:0 '6¢ Th Vol. 1, No. 7 vidse, Rhodora 77: 12. 1975; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.28: 170 & 259. 1976; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 61: 488). 1976; Moldenke in Stey- erm. & Brewer-Carfas, Bol. Soc. Venez. Cienc. Nat. 132/133: 281— 286, fig. 3 & h. 19763 Steyerm. & Brewer-Carfas, Bol. Soc. Venez. Cienc. Nat. 132/133: 181, 199, 200, & 227. 1976; Moldenke, Biol. Ab- str. 63: 2452 & 3041. 19773 "M.P.B.", Biol. Abstr. 63: 659). 1977; Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 63: 6590 (1977) and 6h: 686, 1838, & 4787. 1977; Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 26—28, 31—58, 69-71, 7h— 81, 84, 88, 89, 94-96, 258, 259, 263, 264, 269, 271—273, 20, 422, 485, 488, 489, 92, 496, 599. 506, & 509 (1977), 38: 23-25, 28, 29, 32, 33, 35-39, bl, 43, lS—h8, 50, 118, 121, 123, 12h, 126, 127, 129, 133, & 134 (1977), 38: 180, 183, 185, 186, 188, 190--192, 203, 506, 509, & 510 (1978), and 0: 261 & 509. 1978; Anon., Roy. Bot. Gard. Kew. Lib. Curr. Aware. List 7: 29 (19783 and 8: 33. 1978; Satake, Journ. Jap. Bot. 53: 107—111, fig. 1 & 2. 19783; Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 22. 1979. The Irwin 775, distributed as Paepalanthus sp., actually is Syngonanthus gracilis var. koernickeams Ruhl., while Irwin 77) is S. xeranthemoides var. grahamae Moldenke,. PAEPALANTHUS ACANTHOPHYLLUS Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 31. 1977. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Distrito Federal: Héringer 12125 (Herb. Brad. 64001 & 64008] (Ja, Ja). Minas Gerais: Anderson, Stieber, & Kirkbride 35857 (Id). PAEPALANTHUS ALBO-TOMENTOSUS Herzog Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 32. 1977. Recent collectors have encountered this species in restinga, flowering and fruiting in September. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Davidse, Ramamoorthy, & Vital 11860 (N); Mori, Mattos Silva, & Santos 1048 (Id). PAEPALANTHUS ALBO-VAGINATUS Alv,. Silv. Synonymy: Paepalanthus albo-vaginathus Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: pl. 155, sphalm. 1928. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 32. 1977. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Paran&: Dusén 15586 (Ld); Shep- herd & Andrade 6120 (N). MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Silveira's original description & illustration (N, W, Z). PAEPALANTHUS ALLEMANII C. Diogo Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 25: 16. 1973. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Cear4: Allem&o 1551 [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Jan. 2969; U. S. Nat. Herb. photo 5890] (W—fragment & photo of isotype). 1979 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 75 PAEPALANTHUS ALPINUS Korn, Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 32. 1977. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Boyac&: Langenheim 3631 (Ld). PAEPALANTHUS ARENICOLA Alv. Silv. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 26: 468. 1973. The Irwin, Reis dos Santos, Souza, & Fonséca 2)936, distributed as and previously | cited as P. P. " arenicola, “is now the ¢: ae collec= tion of P. urbaniams var, angustifolius foldenke. Additional citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Silveira's original description & illustration (N, W, Z). PAEPALANTHUS ARETIOIDES Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 33. 1977. Hatschbach encountered this species in wet sandy campo, flow- ering in January. eer ar citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Hatschbach },0838 Z). PAEPALANTHUS BARBIGER Alv. Silv. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 33. 1977. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Anderson, Stieber, & Kirkbride 35299 (Ld). PAEPALANTHUS BELIZENSIS Moldenke Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.25: 378. 19753; Moldenke, Phytologia 35: 20. 1976. Dwyer founc this plant growing on savannas, flowering and fruit- ing in May. Additional citations: BELIZE: Dwyer 10719 (N). PAEPALANTHUS BIFIDUS (Schrad.) Kunth y Additional synonymy: Paepacantus bifudos (Schara) Kunth, in herb. Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.28: 170. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 33—3h, 3, & 47. 1977. Recast collectors have found this plant growing in restinga, in sandy soil along old roads, and under Pinus caribaea in pine plan- tations, at 50--125 meters altitude, flowering and fruiting in July ha August, and describe it as an herb, 10—-15 cm. tall, the "flowers cream"-color. Irwin refers to it as "locally abundant in white quartz sand of forest clearings, a rounded herb in dense stands, early colonizer in recently cleared areas; flowers gray- white. The flowers are described as "cream=-color" also on Pin= heiro 22h7. The Rosa & Santos 1973, distributed as Paepalanthus bifidus, ac- tually is Philodice hoffmannseggii hiart. Additional citations: GUYANA: Irwin 5 (Au—17372h); Mori, Bolten, 76 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 41, No. 7 Persaud, Boyan, Roberts, Jugernauth, & Dwarka 8057 (Ld, N)3 Mori, Persaud, & Boyan 8008 (Ld, N). BRAZIL: Bahia: Mori, Mattos Silva, Kallunki, Santos, & Santos 9756 (Id); Pinheiro 22h7 (Ld, N)j San- tos & Mattos Silva 3270 (Ld). I PAEPALANTHUS BIFIDUS f. BREVIPES lMoldenke Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.28: 170. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 35: 20. 1976. Recent collectors have found this plant in open places in res- tinga and in wet sandy soil at the base of hills, flowering and fruiting in April and September. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Mori, Mattos Silva, & Santos 1069 (Ld). Minas Gerais: Hatschbach 129 (Ld); Mexia 5816 (Au--26796) . nokia SE PAEPALANTHUS BONGARDI Kunth Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 3h. 1977. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: P. Clausen 38 [U. S. Nat. Herb. photo 5899] (W--fragment & photo). PAEPALANTHUS BRACHYPUS f. BREVIPILOSUS Moldenke, Phytologia 0: 261. 1978. Bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 0: 261. 1978. Citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Hatschbach ),0922 (Z—-type). PAEPALANTHUS BRASILIENSIS (Mart.) Mart. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 3). 1977. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Lanna Sobrinho 11)37 [Herb. Brad. 6060] (Ja). PAEPALANTHUS BROMELIOIDES Alv. Silv. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 34-35. 1977. Irwin refers to this plant as a "rosette herb with inflores- cences ca. 0.5 m. tall, the tightly fitting leaf-bases ('tanks') containing a clear mucilaginous fluid, the flowers grayish-white, locally common in grassy fields in gray sandy soil" and found it in flower and fruit in January. The Tryon & Tryon 6823, distributed as P. bromelioides, actu- ally is P. lanceolatus Korn. nee citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Irwin 2436a (Au— PAEPALANTHUS BRYOIDES (Riedel) Kunth Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 35. 1977. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Anderson, Stieber, & Kirkbride 35232 (Ld). PAEPALANTHUS CAPANEMAE Alv. Silv. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 36. 1977. 1979 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 477 Recent collectors report finding this plant among rocks at 1200 meters altitude. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Windisch & Ghil- lény 129 [Herb. Brad. 61238] (N). ye PAEPALANTHUS CAPAROENSIS Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 36. 1977. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Espirito Santo: Irwin 2758 (Mi). PAEPALANTHUS CATHARINAE Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 37-38. 1977. Recent collectors have encountered this plant in wet depres- sions on campo and in brejo (wet sedge meadows), flowering in October and November, fruiting in November. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Parand: Dusén 15783 (Ld); Hatschbach },020 (Ld), Ol8 (Ld). Rio Grande do Sul: Rambo 45408 (Au-—26797) . PAEPALANTHUS CATHARINAE var. HATSCHBACHI (Moldenke) Moldenke & Smith Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 38. 1977. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul: Rambo 501) (Au--26798, Au—-26799) « PAEPALANTHUS CLAUSSENIANUS Korn. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 39 & h2. 1977. Turner describes this taxon as "perennial brittle-stemmed plants to 5 feet tall in wet sandy places in wet areas on ridges" and notes that he took a photograph of the plants in situ. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Distrito Federal: Héringer 12126 [Herb. Brad. 6,002 & 64009] (Ja, Ja); Turner 914) aa). PAEPALANTHUS COLOIDES Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 39. 1977. Hatschbach encountered this plant in sandy soil near corrego, flowering in April. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Hatschbach 1366 (Z); Mexia 5733 (Au--26805). PAEPALANTHUS COLUMBIENSIS Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 32 & 39. 1977. Recent collectors have found this species on wet paramos with Hypochoeris, Espeletia, Gentiana, and orchids, at 320 m. altitude, flowering and fruiting in December. Material of this species has been misidentified and distribu- ted in some herbaria as "Compositae". Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: Escobar & Uribe 538 (Ld). Valle del Cauca: Cuatrecasas 178l1 (W—2816693). 178 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. 7 PAEPALANTHUS COMANS Alv. Silv. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 39 & 53. 1977. Recent collectors have encountered this plant on wet sandy cam- pos, flowering in January. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Hatschbach 0862 (Ld); Strang 1071 [Castellanos 2665); Herb. Brad. 60457] (Ja). MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Silveira's original description & illustration (N, W, 2). PAEPALANTHUS CONVEXUS Gleason Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Biol. Abstr. 64: 233. 19773 Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 39. 1977. The Steyermark, Carfas, Dunsterville, & Dunsterville 112)37, 112439, & 112615, distributed as poseibly | P. convexus, seem better regarded as sP.f fraternus N. E. Br. PAEPALANTHUS CRASSICAULIS Korn. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: O. 1977. Langenheim found this plant growing "on bedrock in 'badlands area' of shrubby association in shallow soil of eroded Tertiary sandstone" and reports the corollas "white". Other recent collec- tors have found it in white sand in secondary forests and in "wet sub—jalca", flowering and fruiting in May, the heads described as "white" or "whitish". Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Boyacd: Langenhein 3570 (Ld). PERU: Amazonas: Boeke 1819 (N), 185 (N). PAEPALANTHUS CUSPIDATUS Alv. Silv. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 26: 25. 1973. Recent collectors have encountered this plant in sand under boulders and on "afloramento rochosos comunente no solo arenoso", at 1300--1500 m. altitude, flowering and fruiting in December and Jamuary. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: M, A. Chase 1032 (N, N--photo); Hatschbach 10919 (Z). MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Silveira's original description & illustration (N, W, 2). PAEPALANTHUS DENSIFOLIUS Alv. Silv. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 0. 1977. Hatschbach describes this plant as "planta com até 1 m. de al- tura" and found it growing in "solo arenoso antes rochas", flow- ering and fruiting in April. sasuanana: citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Hatschbach )1299 (Z). PAEPALANTHUS DENUDATUS Korn. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 0. 1977. 1979 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 479 Recent collectors describe this plant as a shrub, 80 cm. tall, with white flowers, and found it in "depressdes com areia" on rocky cliffs, flowering in December. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Hatschbach 0906 (Ld); Shepherd, Andrade, Kinoshita, & Tamashiro 3907 (N). PAEPALANTHUS DISTICHOPHYLLUS Mart. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 33: 38. 1976. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Hatschbach 27372 (Ld). PAEPALANTHUS DIVARICATUS (Bong.) Kunth Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 35: 23. 1976. Hatschbach describes this species as a branched perennial, 1 meter tall, with white flowers, and found it growing in sandy soil between rocks at the base of a hill, flowering in April. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Hatschbach 1276 (Ld); Shepherd, Andrade, Kinoshita, & Tamashiro 3908 (N). MOUN- TED CLIPPINGS: Kunth's original description (N, W, Z). PAEPALANTHUS DUIDAE Gleason Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: h1. 1977. Recent collectors describe this plant as "clumping, leaves stiff, brittle, satiny light-green, peduncles medium yellow-tan, phyllar- jes dark gray-black, the inner tipped white, heads white" and found it in essentially flat areas with small depressions and hills", at 2750 meters altitude, flowering in February. Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Tillett, Colvés, & al. 752-349 (N). PAEPALANTHUS ELONGATUS (Bong.) Korn. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 1. 1977. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goids: Hatschbach 36826 (N). PAEPALANTHUS ELONGATUS var. ANGUSTIFOLIUS Alv. Silv. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 1. 1977. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goids: Hatschbach 36772 (Ld). MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Silveira's original description (N, W, 2). PAEPALANTHUS ENSIFOLIUS (H.B.K.) Kunth Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 2. 1977. Recent collectors have encountered this plant in mossy forests and paramos, on humid slopes, in humid herb vegetation between dry scrub vegetation, and dominant in dry scrub which is very wet in the spring, at 2200—3100 m. altitude, flowering in April, May, September, and December, describing it at 13m. tall. Material of P. ensifolius has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as Valeriana sp. 80 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. kl, No. 7 Additional citations: ECUADOR: Azuay: Holm-Nielsen, Je esen, Léjtnant, & Pligaard 1800 (Ut--352577b), 5071 (Ue—=3505 Ti r Loja: Hitchcock 21543 (N); Holm-Nielsen, Jeppesen, | Lg jtna , & Pllgaard 366) 366 (Ut—352576b) MacBryde acBryde 308 (N, W--2812863) ; a aed & Coleman 237 (W--277959h) « PAEPALANTHUS ERIGERON Mart. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 26: )82—-)83. I9tss Santos describes this plant as growing to 0 cm. tall, with white flowers, and encountered it on "original campo", flowering in August. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Santos 236) (2). PAEPALANTHUS FALCIFOLIUS Korn. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 2. 1977. Pinheiro describes this species as growing to about 0 cm. tall, with white flowers, and found it in anthesis in April. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Pinheiro 2105 (Ld, N). PAEPALANTHUS FASCICULATUS (Rottb.) Kunth Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 3h, 42—h3, & 49 (1977) and 38: 121. 1977. Recent collectors describe the fruiting—heads of this species as "whitish-brown" and have encountered the plant in dense mats along roadsides in dry exposed soil in secondary forests, fruiting in Oc- tober. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Vaupés: E. W. Davis 88 (G). VEN- EZUELA: Amazonas: H, C. Clark 6457 (Ld), 6862 We PAEPALANTHUS FASCICULATUS f. SPHAEROCEPHALUS Herzog Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 34 & 43. 1977. Mori and his associates describe this plant as having "stems prostrate, inflorescence erect" and found it growing in sandy soil along old roads, at 50--125 m. altitude, flowering and fruiting in August. Other recent collectors have encountered it in sandy and open sandy areas and describe it as a "small herb in secondary growth". They have found it in anthesis from May to July. The flowers are said to have been "white" on Zarucchi 1432 & 1759 and "off-white" on Zarucchi 1680. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Vaupés: Zarucchi 1432 (N), 1680 (N), 1759 (N). GUYANA: Mori, Bolten, Persaud, Boyan, 1, Roberts, Ju- gernauth, & Dwarka 8055 (La, N). BRAZIL: Amaz6nas: Pabst 929 (Ja). PAEPALANTHUS FASCICULATUS f. TENELLUS Herzog Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 35: 25. 1976. Mori and his associates have found this plant growing in sandy soil along roadsides, flowering in August. Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: H. C. Clark 6654 1979 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 481 (Ld). GUYANA: Mori, Bolten, Persaud, Boyan, Roberts, Jugernauth & Dwarka 8099 (N, Z). ‘ : PAEPALANTHUS FORMOSUS Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 3. 1977. Tillett and his associates have encountered this species "in vegetation of Brocchinia, Stegolepis pungens, Heliamphora, etc.", at 1350 meters altitude, describe it as "common as small rosette plants, adults 1.5 m. tall, leaves satiny medium-green, drying on flowering peduncles [stems] to lustrous medium yellow-green, bracts light, pedicels [peduncles] light satiny yellow-brown, phyllaries sublustrous dark-brown with lighter border, flowers cream, slightly greyed, in some plants the leaves in 2 or more tufts on basal part of the flowering stem", and found it in flower and fruit in Febru- ary. Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Tillett, Ferrigni V. & Zorrilla F. 751-59 (N, N). ‘ ora PAEPALANTHUS FRATERNUS N. E. Br. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 3--l. 1977. Steyermark and his associates have collected what appears to be this species on rocky exposures at 2750-—~2800 m. altitude, flower- ing and fruiting in August and September, and describe the plant as having its heads "dull-white" or "sordid-white" and growing in dense or scattered clumps. Irwin found it "locally common rosette herb, inflorescence gray-white, in wet acid muck among rocks" at 9200 feet altitude, flowering in April. The species is uncomfortably close to P. convexus Gleason and material of it has been so distributed. More intense study of these two taxa is required. Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Bolivar: Steyermark, Carfas, Dunsterville, & Dunsterville 11237 (N, W--281399)), 11239 (N), 112613 (W—2813995), 112615 (N). GUYANA: Irwin 705 (Au--173717) . PAEPALANTHUS GENTLEI Moldenke Additional bibliography: Spellman, Dwyer, & Davidse 77: 12h. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 35: 26. 1976. Additional citations: BELIZE: Bartlett 1187) (Ld). PAEPALANTHUS GLAUCOPHYLLUS Alv. Silv. Additional & emended synonymy: Paepelanthus glaucophylins Alv. Silv., Fl. Mont. 1: pl. 8, sphalm. 1928. Paepalantims glaucophyl- lns Alv. Silv. ex Moldenke, Phytologia 29: 81, in syn. 197k. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 29: 81-82. 197h. Additional citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Silveira's original description & illustration (N, W, 2). PAEPALANTHUS GNEISSICOLA Alv. Silv. Synonymy: Paepalanthus geneissicola Alv. Silv., in herb. 4,82 PiR T-20-1rOeG- Tek Vol. 1, No. 7 Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: h4. 1977. Irwin describes this plant as a "common rosette herb forming mounded clumps or tufts 5--10 cm. in diameter among mosses and low grasses in meadows, in black muck soil", at 9000 feet alti- tude, the heads "oray-white", flowering in March. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Espirito Santo: Irwin 2758 (Au— 173580). MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Silveira's original description & illustration (N, W, Z). PAEPALANTHUS GYROTRICHUS Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 33: 2. 1976. Recent collectors have encountered this plant on "campo rupes=- tre e cerrado", flowering in December. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Hatschbach & Koc- zicki 3502 (N); Shepherd, Andrade, Kinoshita, & Tamashiro 3918 (N). PAEPALANTHUS INCANUS (Bong.) Korn. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 33: 3. 1976. Recent collectors have found this species growing on sandy campos, flowering in January. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Hatschbach 0830 (Ld); Mexia 5748 (Au--26800). PAEPALANTHUS JAUENSIS Moldenke Synonymy: Paepalanthus jauaensis Moldenke ex Steyerm. & Brewer- Carfas, Bol. Soc. Venez. Cienc. Nat. 132/133: 200. 1976. Additional bibliography: Moldenke in Steyerm. & Brewer—Carfas, Bol. Soc. Venez. Cienc. Nat. 132/133: 286. 1976; Steyerm. & Brewer- Carfas, Bol. Soc. Venez. Cienc. Nat. 132/133: 200. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 46. 1977. PAEPALANTHUS KANAII Satake, Journ. Jap. Bot. 53: 107—111, fig. 1& 2. 1978. Bibliography: Anon., Roy. Bot. Gard. Kew. Lib. Curr. Aware. List 7: 29, 19783 Satake, Journ. Jap. Bot. 53: 107--1l1, fig. 1& 2. 1978. Illustrations: Satake, Journ. Jap. Bot. 53: 108--110, fig. 1& a This amazing find was made in Gunma Prefecture on Honshiu is=- land, Japan, where the taxon in apparently native. In habital as- pect it greatly resembles some of the coriaceous=leaved species of the South American Andes and its presence in Japan is truly amazing PAEPALANTHUS KARSTENII Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.25: 380. 19753 Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 6. 1977. The flowers on Kirkbride & Idrobo 363 are said to have been “white" and these collectors have made a photograph of the plant 1979 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 4,83 in situ. Langenheim and her associates found the species growing in Sphagnum. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: Kirkbride & Idro- bo 363 (N); Langenheim, Idrobo, Jaramillo, & Mora 3688 (Ld). PAEPALANTHUS KARSTENII var. COREI Moldenke Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.25: 380. 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 35: 27. 1976. Recent collectors describe this plant as having "heads tan" and have found it growing on well-drained hillsides of Espeletia pdra- mos, at 350 meters altitude, flowering and fruiting in October, and comment that the plants are "difficult to separate" for collec- tion. | enol citations: COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Boeke & McElroy 269 N). PAEPALANTHUS KARSTENII var. MINIMUS Moldenke Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.28: 170. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 33: 45. 1976. Garcfa-Barriga & Jaramilla Mejfa describe this plant as a "plan- ta muy pequeffita, que crece formando almohadillas, flores blancas" and have found it growing at 2))0—-2750 meters altitude, The Pennell 2256, previously regarded as representing this tax- on, seems on closer examination to be a form of P. muscosus Korn. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Norte de Santander: Garcfa-Bar- riga & Jaramillo Mejia 19809 (N). PAEPALANTHUS KARSTENII var. SUBSESSILIS (Moldenke) Moldenke Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.28: 171. 19763 Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 6.1977. Recent collectors have encountered this plant at 3700—3960 meters altitude. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Santander del Norte/Cesar: Garcfa- Barriga & Jaramillo Mejia 19759 (N). PAEPALANTHUS LAMARCKIT Kunth Additional bibliography: Meikle in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 3: 57 & 65. 1968; Spellman, Dwyer, & Davidse 77: 12). 1975; Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 6--L.7, 77, 80, & 81. 1977. Meikle (1968) describes this species as "Plants usually 3-7 m. [sic!] high; capitula subglobose, greyish, pilose, 2--3.5 mm. di- am.; sepals of female flowers hardening and recurving at maturity and throwing out the ripe seeds". He cites the following collec- tions at Kew: GUINEA: Boismaré 52 [Herb. Chillou 34,82]; Chevalier 20307; Chillou 776; Jacques-Félix 7210. SIERRA LEONE: Adames 90, sen. (Herb. Deighton 128]; Deighton 140; Jordan 161. LIBERIA: Bequaert s.n. [Herb. Linder 151]. He also lists it from Congo, Mafia Island and "S. America". The dimensions he gives for the plant are obviously the result of an error in transcription and should be "cm.", not "mm." The plant has been found in flower in 48h PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. 7 Africa from October to December. In Venezuela Davidse & Gonz4lez describe the heads as "grayish- white" and encountered the plant "along a small low-forested stream through Trachypogon-byrsonima savanna", flowering in May. The Steyermark collection, cited below, collected at 100 meters al- titude, flowering and fruiting in September, was previously errone- ously cited as P. subtilis Miq., a closely similar species. Additional citations: BELIZE: Gentle 9631 (Au—238859). VENEZ- UELA: Amazonas: J. A. Steyermark S8uu7 (N, S). Apure: Davidse & Gonz4lez 13053 (Ld). PAEPALANTHUS LANCEOLATUS Korn. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: h7. 1977. The Tryons encountered this species growing in grass— and sedgeland "with shrubby areas with sandstone and quartzite derived soil and rocks", at 1120 meters altitude, flowering and fruiting in November. Their collection has hitherto been regarded errone- ously as P. bromelioides Alv. Silv. and was so distributed and ci- ted. Additional & emended citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Hatschbach & Koczicki 35346 (N); Tryon & Tryon 6823 (N, Z). PAEPALANTHUS LODICULOIDES NMoldenke Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.28: 171. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 48.1977. PAEPALANTHUS LODICULOIDES var. FLOCCOSUS Moldenke Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.28: 171. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 8. 1977. PAEPALANTHUS LONGICAULIS var. GLABER Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 8. 1977. Santos describes this plant as attaining a height of 80 cm. and found it growing in rocky soil, at 1050 m. altitude, flowering in May, the "flores em botdes roxos", Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: T. S. Santos 3111 (Ld, N). PAEPALANTHUS MACROCAULON Alv. Silv. Additional bibliography: Moldenke in Steyerm. & Brewer—Carfas, Bol. Soc. Venez. Cienc. Nat. 132/133: 286. 1976; Steyerm. & Brewer- Carfas, Bol. Soc. Venez. Cienc. Nat. 132/133: 200 & 227. 1976; Mol- denke, Phytologia 33: 9. 1976. Additional citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Silveira's original description & illustration (N, W, Z). PAEPALANTHUS MACROCAULON var. VENAMENSIS Moldenke Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 33: 9. 1976; Mol- denke in Steyerm. & Brewer-Carfas, Bol. Soc. Venez. Cienc. Nat. 132/133: 286. 1976; Steyerm. & Brewer—Carfas, Bol. Soc. Venez. Ci- enc. Nat. 132/133: 200 & 227. 1976. 1979 Moldenke, Notes on Eriocaulaceae 485 PAEPALANTHUS MACROCEPHALUS var. MINARUM (Korn.) Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 57--58. 1975. Hatschbach encountered this plant in wet sandy soil on a plain between a river and mountains, flowering and fruiting in April. ag aera citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Hatschbach )13)2 Z)e PAEPALANTHUS MACRORRHIZUS (Bong.) Kunth Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 8. 1977. Hatschbach found this plant growing on rocky campo cerrado, flowering and fruiting in January. iia citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Hatschbach 0811 CB dys PAEPALANTHUS MANICATUS V. A. Pouls. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 35: 28 (1976) and 37: 48 & 422. 1977. Hatschbach has found this plant in sandy soil in the shade of rocks, flowering in April. i citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Hatschbach ])1290 Ld). PAEPALANTHUS MESETICOLA hioldenke & Steyerm. ex Moldenke in Stey- erm. & Brewer-Carfas, Bol. Soc. Venez. Cienc. Nat. 132/133: Additional bibliography: Moldenke in Steyerm. & Brewer—Carfas, Bol. Soc. Venez. Cienc. Nat. 132/133: 281--283, fig. 3. 1976; Steyerm. & Brewer-Carfas, Bol. Soc. Venez. Cienc. Nat. 132/133: 199. 1976; Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 48.1977. Illustrations: Moldenke in Steyerm. & Brewer-Carias, Bol. Soc. Venez. Cienc. Nat. 132/133: [282]. 1976. PAEPALANTHUS MICROCAULON Ruhl. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 37: 8. 1977. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goids: Irwin, Anderson, Stieber, & Lee 3466 (Ld). rere e es To PAEPALANTHUS MOLDENKEANUS R. E. Schult. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 30: 87--88 (1975) and 33: 191. 1976. Zarucchi describes this species as a showy plant, terrestrial, growing in well-drained sandy areas on savannas near rapids, where he found a "population of about 0 plants", with "white" flowers, in anthesis in September. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Vaupés: Zarucchi 2020 (Z). PAEPALANTHUS MUSCOSUS Korn. Additional bibliography: Moldenke, Phytologia 33: 51 (1976), 34: 257 (1976), and 38: 37. 1977. [to be continued] ADDITIONS TO THE FLORA OF COLORADO - VI William A. Weber! , Barry C. Johnston’ , and Dieter Wilken?” The previous installment of this series appeared in Southwestern Naturalist 18(3):317-329. 1973. Entries are presented under the following topics: Novelties and new combinations; New Colorado records, indigenous species, adventive species; Re-evaluations and reinstatements; and Rejections. Unless otherwise specified, herbarium documentation of these reports is in Herbarium COLO. Novelties and New Combinations ALNUS TENUIFOLIA Nutt. forma INCISA W.A. Weber, f nov. Folia inciso-pinnatifida, planta caeterum speciei similis. HOLOTYPE: Colorado, Summit Co.: Blue River, Knorr Ranch, wet area along stream, several trees present, 12 Sept. 1977, P.F. Gilbert COLO 310669. Isotype AAH. ANEMONASTRUM NARCISSIFLORUM (L.) Holub ssp. ZEPHYRUM (A. Nels.) W.A. Weber, comb. nov. Anemone zephyra A. Nels., Bot. Gaz. 42:52. 1906. I agree with Holub in his segregation of the genera formerly included in Anemone but suspect he was not familiar with this taxon which he treated at the species level. Other authors agree in giving it only sub- specific rank. ANEMONE MULITIFIDA Poir. ssp. SAXICOLA (Boivin) W.A. Weber, comb, nov. A. multifida var. saxicola Boivin, Canad. Field-Nat. 65:2. 1951. This subspecies is strictly alpine, with ochroleucous flowers, the tepals tinged dorsally with blue. Plants are lower in stature than in the common montane and subalpine race and they occur in only a few of the most mesic and floristically relictual alpine tundra stations. The taxon was originally described from the Canadian Rocky Mountains, and its Colorado distribution fits that of other northern disjuncts in Colorado. BOLOPHYTA LIGULATA (Jones) W.A. Weber, comb. nov. Parthenium alpinum var. ligulatum Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 13:16. 1910. Parthenium ligulatum Barneby, Leafl. West. Bot. 5:20. 1947. BOLOPHYTA TETRANEURIS (Barneby) W.A. Weber, comb. nov. Parthenium tetraneuris Barneby, Leafl. West. Bot. 5:19. 1947. Parthenium alpinum var. tetraneuris Rollins, Contr. Gray Herb. 172:69. 1950. Rollins (1950) took a conservative view of the genus Parthenium, placing the three pulvinate desert species in subgenus Bolophytum. He demonstrated that floral morphology is surprisingly uniform throughout Parthenium and that chromosome numbers are compatible with a single genus concept. Nevertheless, throughout his discussion, the Bolophytum group displayed anomalous features. Geographically it is confined to gypsum soils in the Rocky Mountain region, the pulvinate habitus is unique, and the combination of monocephaly, sessile or nearly sessile unusually large capituli, suggest that the group had split : Univ. of Colorado Museum, Campus Box 218, Boulder CO 80309 Dept. of Botany and Plant Path., Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO 80523 486 1979 Weber, Johnston, & Wilken, Flora of Colorado 487 away from the main line of evolution at a remote period, and by equal logic may be considered a genus in its own right. As a genus, the group takes the name Bolophyta, based on B. alpina Nutt. ERIGERON FLAGELLARIS Gray forma BREVILIGULATUS W.A. Weber, f. nov. Flores liguliformi brevissimi 2.5 mm longi 0.5 mm lati, caeterum speciei similis. HOLOTYPE. Colorado, Boulder Co.: western slope of Davidson Mesa just N of Jefferson Co. line between Marshall and Rocky Flats Atomic Plant, 1800 msm, 10 June 1978, Weber 15375. Additional collections: in neglected lawn, 12th & Baseline, Boulder, 10 June 1978, Weber 15378. Jefferson Co.: meadow above Coal Creek at mouth of Coal Creek Canyon between Rocky Flats and Golden, 10 June 1978, Weber 15378; Rocky Flats Pediment, T2S R70W Sec. 2, 3, 10, 11, 14, 15, 11 June 1973, G. Kunkel & L. Shultz 84. This distinctive form occupies a large area on the Rocky Flats Pediment. Whether its association with the Rocky Flats Atomic Plant is more than coincidental might be worth cytological investigation. The short ray-flowers, of which the expanded portion is no more than 1.5 mm long, are reflexed over the involucre and practically invisible unless examined at close range. The scapes are stouter and erect, while those of the typical form tend to be weak and sprawling, and the disk is distinctly wider. F. breviligulatus produces pure stands and is more conspicuous than the typical form because of the erect habit, larger disks and lack of long white rays to break the color pattern. At the Coal Creek population there were some plants of the long-rayed form and numerous intermediates, but the typical form, at least at this season, was infrequent and inconspicuous. | first noticed the new form in 1964 in Boulder and along Coal Creek. At that time the populations had undergone spray treatment by 2-4-D and I thought the foreshortened rays were a result of this, but the present populations have not been sprayed. GEUM ALEPPICUM Jacq. ssp. STRICTUM var. DECURRENS (Rydb.) W.A. Weber, comb. nov. Geum decurrens Rydb., N. Amer. Flora 22:404. 1913. MIRABILIS GLANDULOSA (Standl.) W.A. Weber, comb. nov. Quamoclidion multiflorum (Torr.) Torr. ex Gray ssp. glandulosum Standl., Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12:359. 1909. Mirabilis multiflora (Torr.) Gray var. glandulosa (Standl.) Macbride. Quamoclidion cordifolium Osteth. (1928) non Mirabilis cordifolia Heimer] (1889). Pilz (1978) includes this taxon under M. multiflora as a subspecies but his arguments are not very strong. M. glandulosa flowers at a different season, its habit is sprawling, not erect, the blossoms are much larger, the fruits are tuberculate, producing mucilage when wetted, the involucral bracts are obtuse, and the geo- graphic distribution is more northern. Where the two are sympatric in western Colorado (Mesa Co.) they do not intergrade. M. glandulosa emits a heavy rose fragrance. By coincidence I happened to be camping in its type locality while doing field work with a zoologist specializing in porcupines. We had to take a porcupine by Caesarean section from the mother on a mesa some ten miles south and were astonished to find that the baby porcupine emitted the identical scent as soon as its fur dried and retained this for several days, a completely unrelated but curious fact. NEOPARRYA MEGARRHIZA (A. Nels.) W.A. Weber, comb. nov. Peucedanum megarrhizum A. Nels., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 26:130. 1899; Lomatium megarrhizum Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 25:282. 1937. In all characters this species is more closely related to Neoparrya lithophila Mathias than to species of Lomatium. The mericarp is little flattened, strongly nerved or winged and the lateral margin is hardly more strongly winged than the dorsal ribs, 488 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 41, No. 7 just as in Neoparrya lithophila. The umbels of both species characteristically have rays of uniform length and spreading in all directions, the lower ones downward and outward to form a spherical array. The leaves of N. lithophila are simply pinnate except for the lowermost pinnae which are often pinnatifid, and in N. megarrhiza they are somewhat narrower and more uniformly bipinnatifid. The leaf dissection is the chief diagnostic feature separating the two taxa. The scattered oil tubes in N. lithophila are not sufficiently different from the arrange- ment in NV. megarrhiza to justify the weight placed on this character in the literature. The more obvious relationships of Neoparrya seems to be with Aletes rather than with Lomatium. In both species the foliage odor, a highly characteristic celery type, contrasts with the anise odor of most Aletes. NEW TO COLORADO. Grand Co.: on barren black shale slope derived from a lower member of the Pierre Formation beside Colorado Hwy 9 ca. 3 mi SSE of Kremmling; forming large hemispherical mounds to 50 cm diam with 20-30 stems; branched caudex from a thick vertical storage root up to 5 cm diam with odor of sweet carrots or weak turpentine when fresh, 16 Aug. 1975, Weber & Johnston 15146, 7 July 1978, Johnston & Lucas 1786, 25 June 1947, Penland 3564 (COCO). PLATE 1. RHUS AROMATICA Ait. ssp. PILOSISSIMA (Engelm.) W.A. Weber, comb. nov. Rhus aromatica Ait. var. pilosissima (Engelm.) Shinners, Field & Lab 19:86. 1951. NEW TO COLORADO. Otero Co.: 11 mi S of La Junta on Hwy. 109, 30 April 1963, K. Skelly 8830. Pueblo Co.: abundant along draws in dry sandstone hills, pinyon-juniper area, Greenhorn Valley 3 mi N of Crow, 6000 ft. alt., 2 July 1939, Ewan 11981. New Colorado Records: Indigenous Species ASTRAGALUS DUCHESNENSIS Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 13:6. 1910. Moffat Co.; grassy bench at head of Browns Park just NE of Gates of Lodore above Vermillion Creek drainage, 26 June 1965, Weber & Salamun 12648, !D. Isely. ASTRAGALUS GILVIFLORUS Sheld., Minn. Bot. Stud. 1:21. 1894. Kit Carson Co.: 8 miN and 3 mi E of Bethune on gravelly prairie knoll with A. sericoleucus Gray, 14 June 1972, R. McGregor 24369, !Barneby. A range extension south from the Nebraska Panhandle. ATRIPLEX DIOICA (Nutt.) Macbride, Contr. Gray Herb. ns. 53:11. 1918 Rio Blanco Co.: S-facing slope of clay butte with white sandstone caprock just N of Rio Blanco Lake, 42 mi E of Rangely, 1770 msm; dominant on clay slopes, 14 June 1978, Weber & Wingate 15372. AZOLLA MEXICANA Presl, Abh. Boehm. Gesell. Wiss. V, 3:150. 1845. Sedgwick Co.: High- line Canal road at Cottonwood Creek, 1.5 mi E of Logan Co. line, 1130 msm, 10 June 1978, Wilken 13314 (CS). Yuma Co.: along Hwy 34 ca. 2 mi W of Wray along Republican River, 1090 msm, 10 June 1978, Wilken (CS). BUPLEURUM AMERICANUM C. & R., Rev. N. Am. Umbel. 115. 1888. La Plata Co.: Needle Mountains, 3900 msm, near Trimble Pass, S edge of Upper Vallecito Basin, 1.2 mi S of Columbine Pass, T38N R7W, on granitic substrate, Salix arctica community, 20 July 1978, D. Buckner, COLO 321715. This record represents the southernmost known locality on the North American continent and a range extension southward from Wyoming. CAREX EXSICCATA L.H. Bailey, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club 1:6. 1889. Routt Co.: vincinity Little Snake River at Three Forks Ranch N of Columbine, 26 July 1951, Weber 7040. Grand Co.: Muddy Creek drainage, T4N R81W, between Rabbit Ears Pass and Kremmling, in bottom of old ox-bow, Carex-Juncus marsh, 18 July 1973, T. Giese 681. 1979 Weber, Johnston, & Wilken, Flora of Colorado 489 CHRYSOTHAMNUS NAUSEOSUS ssp. LEIOSPERMUS (A. Gray) H.M. Hall, Phylogenetic Method in Taxonomy 217. 1923. This race, characterized by its low stature, glabrous phyllaries and glabrous achenes, extends into western Colorado from its main area in Utah and Nevada. Moffat Co.: Morrison Formation S of Blue Hill, Irish Canyon Quadr., TION R101W, Sec. 11, 6600 ft. alt., 2 Sept. 1970, Weber 14242; Rio Blanco Co.: white shale slopes, gap through Raven Ridge 3 mi W of junction Rangely-Dinosaur road with Bonanza road, 1700 msm, 15 June 1978, Weber & Wingate 15393; Montezuma Co.: between Risley Canyon and Yellow- jacket Canyon ca. 18 mi W of Cortez, 6150 ft. alt., 24 Aug. 1977, J. Ratzloff COLO 316069. CRYPTANTHA CAESPITOSA (A. Nels.) Payson, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 14:281. 1927. NW Moffat Co.: NW face of gypsum hill beside Moffat Co. Hwy 116, T11N R101W Sec. 16, with Astragalus aretioides, 2100 msm, 30 May 1972, MacLeod 1109. This range extension from southern Wyoming into northern Colorado was anticipated by Harrington (1954). CRYPTANTHA ROLLINSII 1. M. Johnston, J. Arn. Arb. 20:391. 1939. Rio Blanco Co.: white shale slope, gap through Raven Ridge 3 mi W of junction Rangely-Dinosaur road with Bonanza road, 1700 msm, with Eriogonum ephedroides, Phacelia incana, Mirabilis aalipes, 15 June 1978, Weber & Wingate 15391. CYMOPTERUS PETRAEUS Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 8:32. 1898. Moffat Co. Dinosaur National Monument; common in drainage lines on rocky bench along trail to the scenic over- look at Gates of Lodore, 10 June 1967, Weber 13063. DRABA BOREALIS DC., Syst. Nat. 2:342. Park Co.: in cold snow—runoff streams on south side of Hoosier Ridge, with Eutrema penlandii, 10 July 1959, Hulten & Weber 11042. Summit Co.: valley of Monte Cristo Creek just N of Hoosier Pass, on steep slopes, tundra above Blue Lake dam, 11500 ft. alt., 12 July 1969, Weber COLO 239899, !G. A. Mulligan. DRABA JUNIPERINA Dom, Madrono 25:101. 1978. Moffat Co.: on steep slope, consilidated talus under Pinus edulis-Juniperus osteosperma, Harpers Corner, Dinosaur National Monument, 2 June 1956, Weber & Welsh 9629; Irish Canyon between Greystone and Sparks, TION R101W, Sec. 34, 6000 ft. alt., 2 Sept. 1970, Weber 14275. DRABA PECTINIPILA Rollins, Rhodora 55:231. 1951. Gunnison Co.: steep W-facing talus slope of Point 12366 above Virginia Basin, T12S R86W Sec. 26, near Gothic, 12300 ft. alt., with Senecio werneriaefolius, Draba, Oxytropis podocarpa, Smelowskia calycina, 30 June 1977, B.C. Johnston 1273. These plants with white flowers and doubly pectinate trichomes on the fruit valves were found in a zone between the slope and tundra forms of D. oligosperma, a comparable situation to that at the type locality on Clay Butte, Wyoming. DRABA PORSILDII G.A. Mulligan, Can. J. Bot. 52:1795, fig. 8, 18[map] .-1974. Summit Co.: tundra and loose rock slides, N slope of Hoosier Ridge, 12000-12700 ft. alt., 1-2 mi E of Hwy over Hoosier Pass, 24 July 1948, Weber 4286, !Mulligan. DROSERA ROTUNDIFOLIA L., Sp. Pl. 281. 1753. Gunnison Co.: acid iron bog at base of Mt. Emmons, 2700 msm, 3 mi W of Crested Butte along Kebler Pass road; growing in Sphagnum fuscum bog, 23 July 1978, W. & D. Kaemmerer, J. Lanier-Olmsted COLO 318660. This record represents the southernmost occurrence in the western interior of North America and a range extension south from Montana. The collection was made incidental to environ- mental studies for AMAX, Inc. 490 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 41, No. 7 ERIGERON GRANDIFLORUS Hook., Fl. Bor. Amer. 2:18. 1834. The following specimens were annotated by Stephen Spongberg as belonging to this, which he describes as the southern alpine race of a complex of apomictic triploid biotypes comprising the taxon cited. Clear Creek Co.: Grays Peak, July 1888, Eastwood, Summit Lake, Mt. Evans, 12500 ft., 27 July 1966, L. Snyder 11108; tundra ridge N of summit Loveland Pass, 11 July 1954, Weber COLO 85588. El Paso Co.: Windy Point, Pikes Peak, 12000 ft., 13 July 1940, Alpine Laboratory. Gunnison Co.: Cottonwood Pass, 19 July 1963, C. Loder 1BF. Gilpin Co.: Stewart Lakes near Tolland, 31 July 1918, Ramaley 11467, Yankee Doodle Lake, 26 July 1916, Ramaley 10717. Lake Co.: Independence Pass, 17 July 1952, P.D. Green 359. La Plata Co.: Chicago Basin, E of Mt. Eolus, 13100 ft. alt., 21 Aug. 1961, J. Michener 72. ERIGERON KACHINENSIS Welsh & Moore, Proc. Utah Acad. 45:231-232. 1968. Montrose Co.: San Miguel Resource Area, B.L.M.; secluded tributary of the Dolores River between Slick Rock and Bedrock, 1560 msm, 29 April 1978, J. Ratzloff 107. Four populations have been discovered. The cited collection was intimately associated with a “cave” or “‘hanging garden”. All sites were characterized by moist sandy soil fed by water seeping from the cliffs or overhangs above. Collections of flowering material have been made in April and August. A few plants show some rayless heads. Welsh and Moore did not mention the fact that the ray-flowers characteristically reflex over the involucre upon wilting or maturation and that the plants may be distinctly stoloniferous. PLATE 2. ERIOGONUM SCABRELLUM Reveal, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 55:74. 1968. Montezuma Co.: bluffs above the north bank of San Juan River just NE of Four Corners, 12 June 1949, Weber 4810, !Reveal. HERRICKIA HORRIDA Woot. & Standl., Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 16:186. Pl. 50. 1913. Aster horridus Blake, J}. Wash. Acad. Sci. 27:379. 1937. Las Animas Co.: Lake Maloya water- shed, East Schwachheim Canyon, 0.7 mi NW of upper end of Lake Dorothy, 2450 msm, dry sandy slope, semiclear, no ground cover, E exposure, 31 Aug., 7 Sept., 5 Oct. 1975; Segerstrom Canyon, 1.6 mi ENE from west end of Lake-Maloya on SW slope of Gobblers Roost, 2450 msm, 24 Aug. 1975, J.H. Robertson, 1,2, 3,4, 6. Herrickia seems to be as well separated from Aster proper as Machaeranthera and Xylorhiza and is maintained here as a distinct monotypic genus endemic to northern New Mexico and adjacent Colorado south of the summit of Raton Pass, MAHONIA HAEMATOCARPA (Woot.) Fedde, Bot. Jahrb. 31:100. 1901. The record is a specimen collected by a Miss Archibald, 1902, without locality data written in her hand, but with a pencilled notation on the label in Cockerell’s hand, ‘‘south of Trinidad, Colo.” The species is common in New Mexico from the Sandia Mountains southward and might well occur south of the divide of Raton Pass. This report must be considered tentative but we give it to stimulate collectors to work in this little-collected area of southern Colorado. MIMULUS EASTWOODIAE Rydb., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 40:483. 1913. Delta Co.: Escalante Canyon, in “hanging garden” on roof of large cave of Wingate Sandstone at Cottonwood Spring, 7 Sept. 1975, Weber & Steward 15244. Montrose Co.: tributary of Dolores River near junction of Little Gypsum Creek and Dolores River, 5150 ft. alt., on vertical sandstone walls, 30 Aug. 1977, J. Ratzloff 220/95. MIRABILIS ALIPES (S. Wats.) Pilz, Madrono 25:120. 1978. Hermidium alipes S. Wats., Bot. Kings Exped. 286, f. 32. 1871. Rio Blanco Co.: white shale slope, gap through Raven Ridge 1979 Weber, Johnston, & Wilken, Flora of Colorado 491 3 mi W of junction Rangely-Dinosaur road with Bonanza road, 1700 msm, with Eriogonum ephedroides and Phacelia incana, 15 June 1978, Weber & Wingate 15388. PELLAEA TERNIFOLIA (Cav.) Link var. WRIGHTIANA (Hook.) A.F. Tryon, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 44:153. 1957. Baca Co.: Holt Canyon, 10 mi W and 7 mi S of Campo, 8 Sept. 1972, M.L. Howard COLO 275242, Picture Canyon, 9 mi W and 4 mi S of Campo, 9 Sept. 1972, M.L. Howard COLO 275230. A range extension northward from Texas. PENSTEMON UTAHENSE Eastwood, Zoé 4:124. 1893. Mesa Co.: 1 mi NW of Gateway, 5000 ft. alt., 7 May 1966, Rohrbach 8 (CS), along Hwy 141, 11.5 mi S of Gateway, 1450 msm, 27 May 1976, Wilken et al 12637 (CS). Montezuma Co.: slopes of Cannonball Mesa above McElmo Creek 10 mi E of Utah State line, 8 May 1974, G. Kelly COLO 277638. PHACELIA INCANA Brand, Beitr. z. Kenntn. d. Hydrophyll. 8. 1911. Rio Blanco Co.: white shale slope, gap through Raven Ridge 3 mi W of junction Rangely-Dinosaur road with Bonanza road, 1700 msm, with Eriogonum ephedroides and Hermidium alipes, 15 June 1978, Weber & Wingate 15387, !Barneby. An ephemeral spring annual to be compared with P. ivesiana but with entire or slightly toothed oval leaves and reticulate, deeply pitted seeds. The corollas are minute and deciduous. Previously known from Utah and Wyoming. PHACELIA INTEGRIFOLIA Torr. Montezuma Co.: Four Corners, above the San Juan River, 5000 ft. alt., 16 May 2964, J. Erdman & J. Watson, !D. Atwood. POTENTILLA OVINA Macoun, Can. Rec. Sci. 6:464. 1896. Boulder Co.: E slope Buchanan Pass, 11200-11600 ft., 11 July 1972, Komarkova COLO 262618, Niwot Ridge, 11000-12600 ft., 28 Aug. 1971, Komarkova COLO 262794. Gilpin Co.: slope of cirque in NE side of James Peak, 12000 ft., alt., 4 July 1972, Komarkova COLO 262381. Summit Co.: Ten Mile Range, NE slope of Peak Ten, 3900-3990 msm, 31 July 1973, Komarkova COLO 274445. Larimer Co.: Flattop Trail between Emerald View and Glacier View, 11700 ft. alt. in dry fellfield, 11 July 1961, Willard 61140,!B.C. Johnston. — RIBES ODORATUM Wendland f. in Bartling & Wendland, Beitr. z. Bot. 2: 15. 1825. Boulder Co.: 17th Street bridge, Boulder, 14 May 1915, A.J. Evans 16, 23, common on N-facing slope above Boulder Creek along trail, 19th Street on N edge of University campus, 12 May 1974, Weber 15090. RUBUS IDAEUS L. ssp. SACHALINENSIS var. PERAMOENUS (Greene) Fern., Rhodora 21:98. 1919. Routt Co.: just S of Steamboat Springs on Howelson Hill in mixed coniferous forest on N-facing slope, T6N R84W Sec. 17, 19 July 1972, J. Bunin COLO 275893. SELAGINELLA SELAGINOIDES (L.) Link, Fil. Sp. Hort. Berol. 158. 1841. Jackson Co.: moist streambank along Bear Creek, 9500 ft. alt., 106° 36’W, 43° 0’N, Routt National Forest along trail from Ute Pass-Grizzly Creek trail, 2 Sept. 1978, D. Wilken. Unfortunately the plants were transferred to the greenhouse and later lost before a voucher collection was made. However, this range extension is important and the identification correct so we are reporting it here. Vouchers will be deposited in CS and COLO during the 1979 field season without fail. SPIRAEA DOUGLASII Hook. var. MENZIESII (Hook.) Presl, Epimel. Bot., p. 195. 1849. Routt Co.: Clark Sawmill, N of Steamboat Springs on road to Hahns Peak; in the sawmill - 92 PEY2-0¢ 0.074 Vol. hl, No. 7 yard, not definitely known as to whether or not an escape from cultivation, 15 July 1966, W. Stevenson COLO 208938. TRIFOLIUM KINGII S. Wats., Bot. Kings Exped. 5:59. 1871. Montrose Co.: Uncompahgre Nat. For., Love Mesa road, T49N R15W Sec. 20, 9400 ft. alt., in aspen type, 10 Aug. 1949, H.F. Harlan 30, !D. Isely. New Colorado Records: Adventives AGROSTEMMA GRACILIS Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. Nov. 3(1):80. 1853. Boulder Co.: a spontaneous waif in a garden between Sth and 6th Street and Concord, Boulder, 16 June 1975, Weber 15118. This had persisted for a number of years at the site. Petals large, pink, whitish toward the base, with lines of black spot-streaks on the limb. Native in Asia Minor and Greece. AILANTHUS ALTISSIMA (Mill.) Swingle, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 6:495. 1916. Thoroughly naturalized in Colorado cities and towns as a consequence of urbanization. Following are only the earliest of our collections Boulder Co.: various localities in City of Boulder, 25 June 1938, Ewan 11401, 19 Aug. 1941, Ewan 13848, Sept. 1943, Ewan 15521. ARCTIUM LAPPA L., Sp. Pl. 816. 1753. Ouray Co.: plentiful weed in abandoned lots, Main Street, Ouray, 9 Sept. 1972, F.J. Hermann 24971. ASTRAGALUS CICER L., Sp. Pl. 757. 1753. Boulder Co.: in grass parking along 17th Street and Canyon Blvd.; surviving remnant of a legume garden maintained by S.B. Detwiler some 20 years ago, source unknown, 14 June 1978, R. Wittmann COLO 322941. Rio Blanco Co.: 7 mi from Piceance Basin road, near CSU Piceance Basin Intensive Study Site, 12 Aug. 1978, M. Wertheimer COLO 318673. ASTRAGALUS FALCATUS Lam., Encycl. 1:310. 1783. BOULDER CO.: in grass parking along 17th Street and Canyon Blvd.: surviving remnant of a legume garden maintained by S.B. Detwiler some 20 years ago, source unknown, 10 June 1978, Weber 25359. BROMUS HORDEACEUS L. ssp. HORDEACEUS, Sp. P1. 77.1753 (incl. B. mollis L.). Moffat Co.: 6 mi SW of Greystone on NE-facing slope of Douglas Mountain, in shade of aspen with sagebrush, 7500 ft. alt., 28 June 1967, M. MacLeod 721. We follow Hylander (1953) for the nomenclature, and Scholz (1970) for the taxonomy of this group. BROMUS SQUARROSUS L., Sp. Pl. 76. 1753. Boulder Co.: roadside ditch ca. 4 mi N of Boulder on foothills highway, 5000 ft. alt., 9 July 1962, R. Watkins 18. CENTAUREA JACEA L., Sp. Pl. 914. 1753. Garfield Co.: Glenwood Canyon at Grizzly Creek, 2.8 mi E of No Name, 6000 ft. alt., 26 May 1977, D. Wilken 12928 (CS). CENTAUREA MACULOSA Lam., Encycl. 1:669. 1783. Jefferson Co.: Pine Park Estates SE of Evergreen, T5S R70W Sec. 20; stand covered more than a square mile and is abundant along road for several miles east and west; forms with white and purple rays occur intermixed, 26 July 1976, R. White COLO 310286. CIRSIUM INCANUM (S.G. Gmel.) Fisch. ex MB, Fl. Taur.—Cauc. 3:561. 1819. C. arvense beta incanum Ledeb., Fl. Ross. 2:735. 1846. This taxon has been passing for a form of 1979 Weber, Johnston, & Wilken, Flora of Colorado 493 C. arvense with shallowly toothed or pinnatifid leaves strongly tomentose beneath. It differs from the shallowly-toothed and —lobed var. mite Wimm. & Graebn. in its tomentose leaf undersurface. C. incanum is native in SE Europe and SW Asia (cf. Fl. USSR 28:211-215. 1963). CORONILLA VARIA L., Sp. Pl. 743. 1753. Boulder Co.: along Table Mesa Drive on ditch bank. locally abundant, 2000 msm, 17 June 1974, U. Lanham COLO 278103. Ouray Co.: gravelly embankment of Box Canyon road in open woods, 2375 msm, 9 Sept. 1972, F.J. Hermann 24970. ELEAGNUS PARVIFOLIA Royle, Illustr. Bot. Himal. 323, t. 61, f. 1. 1836. Boulder Co.: escaped from cultivation and locally established along diagonal hwy. NE of Boulder at Gun- barrel crossing, 27 Oct. 1975, Weber COLO 288680. Some authors make this a variety of E. umbellata L. Here we follow Bailey’s Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. ELEAGNUS ORIENTALIS L., Mantissa Pl. 41. 1767. E. angustifolia L. var. orientalis Dipp. Boulder Co.: thoroughly naturalized, N slopes at base of talus slides, bottom of Gregory Gulch (probably spread by jays from the adjacent urban area), 2000 msm, 19 June 1973, Weber 15004. Mesa Co.: along cliff base, entrance highway, Colorado National Monument, Fruita entrance, 16 May 1954, Weber COLO 83443, !F. G. Meyer. Whether this is really distinct is questionable. Sucker shoots from £. angustifolia have very broad large rounded bicolored leaves similar to those of E. orientalis. For the time being we follow Flora USSR 15:390- 392. 1974 where the taxon is treated as a species. EUPHORBIA MYRSINITES L., Sp. Pl. 461. 1753. Boulder Co.: 1 mi ENE of Eldorado Springs, 5700 ft. alt., locally abundant as an established escape from cultivation on 1.5 acres of sandy soil along South Boulder Creek, 3 April 1972, U. Lanham COLO 257044. Jefferson Co.: 26th and Queen Streets, Lakewood, May 1977, W. Eisenlohr COLO 306980. FALLOPIA AUBERTII (L. Henry) Holub, Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 6:176. 1971 (Polygonum baldshuanicum auctt. non Regel), Polygonum aubertii L. Henry, Rev. Hort. 82-83. 1907. Boulder Co.: Euclid at 15th St., Boulder, 25 June 1938, Ewan 11408 (then a cultivar) but now established in several places in the Boulder Valley and in Denver. City of Denver. Along Cherry Creek between Arapahoe and University Ave., 19 June 1975, D. Buckner COLO 287963. Boulder Co.: escaped from cultivation, Boulder, climbing over old fences, vines massive and with much old wood hidden by the young growth; fls. white, polygamo-monoe- cious, 11 July 1975, Weber 15125. GERANIUM COLUMBINUM L., Sp. Pl. 682. 1753. Boulder Co.: Lafayette, a weed in fields, 29 June 1973, I. Siegrist COLO 269696. IBERIS AMARA L., Sp. Pl. 649. 1753. Douglas Co.: flat on road to Roxbury[ough] Park, Wolhurst, 19 Sept. 1919, R.P. Duthie 561. ISATIS TINCTORIA L., Sp. Pl. 670. 1753. Grand Co.: roadside, N end of Middle Park 5 mi Lok PHYTOLOGIA Vol. hl, No. 7 S of Muddy Pass, 25 June 1975, Weber 15120. Shortly after this collection was made, the small population was eradicated by county weed control crews. KNAUTIA ARVENSIS (L.) T. Coulter, Mem. Dipsac. 41. 1823. Routt Co.: disturbed roadside ditch and prairie 0.3 mi W of junction roads 16 and 18A, Stagecoach, 2250 msm, T3N R84W Sec. 6, 10 Aug. 1972, B. Smith et al 8722. LATHYRUS LATIFOLIUS L., Sp. Pl. 733. 1753. Boulder Co.: Boulder, escaped from gardens, 16 June 1953, Weber COLO 73705. Widely established along canyon roads throughout the Boulder area and elsewhere along the Front Range. LYTHRUM SALICARIA L., Sp. Pl. 446. 1753. Jefferson Co.: around a pond at high water line between cattail zone and grassy meadow, W of Hampden and Quincy, South Denver, July 1978, R.F. Harner COLO 318898. NYMPHAEA ODORATA Solander in Ait., Hort. Kew. ed. I, 2:227. 1789. Larimer Co.: Shields Ponds, Poudre R. between Fort Collins and La Porte, 15 Sept. 1973, R. Budzinkski CS 7535. Otero Co.: Ryans Ponds along Arkansas River NE of Rocky Ford, 3 Oct. 1975, D. Hess CS 7534. Both of these colonies are evidently of very long standing. PANICUM GYMNOCARPON Ell., Bot. S.C. and Ga. 1:117. 1816. Bent Co.: near McClave, 3700 ft. alt., 13 July 1961, G. Zonitch CS 42841. PAPAVER CROCEUM Ledeb., Fl. Altaica 2:271. 1830. P. nudicaule Hort. non L. fide Hanelt, Kulturpfl. 18:73-88. 1970. Park Co.: Mosquito Pass, 3350 msm; roadside above timberline just beyond London Mine, probably escaped and persisting from old mine gardens or from cultivation in nearby Fairplay, 14 July 1967, Weber 13351. POLYGONUM ARGYROCOLEON Steud. ex Kunze, Linnaea 20:17. 1847. Moffat Co.: Irish Lakes, 2000 msm, at upper end of Irish Canyon, T10R 101W Sec. 10, in drying mud of lake bottom, 2 Sept. 1970, Weber 14236. SILENE DICHOTOMA Ehrh., Beitr. z Naturkunde 7:143. 1792. Gunnison Co.: Robinson Basin, 30 mi N of Gunnison, 8 mi W of Crested Butte, 2 mi N of Kebler Pass; dry meadow, 10800 ft. alt., 2 July 1967, D. Bathke 265. SOLANUM CAROLINENSE L., Sp. Pl. 187. 1753. Boulder Co.: a weed in discarded planter boxes behind apartments at Walnut and 19th Streets, Boulder, locally abundant, 4 Aug. 1975, Weber 15135. SOLANUM DULCAMARA L., Sp. Pl. 185. 1753. Delta Co.: 2.3 mi E of Delta city center, 5000 ft. alt., 6 July 1968, B.A. Howard 54, Cedaredge, 30 June 1952, Walker (all in herb. Western State College). TAMARIX PARVIFLORA DC., Prodr. 3:97. 1828. Baca Co.: depleted pasture, Sand Arroyo 2 mi S of Walsh, T31S R43W Sec. 16, 5 May 1949, Weber 4564. Flowers 4-merous, the spikes on wood of previous season, stamens from the ends of the disk lobes. VERBASCUM PHLOMOIDES L., Sp. Pl. 1194. 1753. Jefferson Co.: outer foothills between Golden and Morrison at Heritage Square, along roadside, 24 July 1974, Weber, Kunkel & Munger 15095. Harrington (1954) stated that the species was reported for Colorado but gave no source for the record. 1979 Weber, Johnston, & Wilken, Flora of Colorado 95 Re-evaluations and Reinstatements ARTEMISIA MICHAUXIANA Besser in Hook., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1:324. 1833. Harrington (1954) noted that the species was reported for Colorado. Weber (1966) located the specimen and suggested that it represented L. ludoviciana ssp. incompta (Nutt.) Keck, a view also held by Keck. However, recent collections are more convincing in favor of A. michauxiana. Hins- dale Co.: 1 mi below summit Engineer Pass just S of jeep road from Lake City, 3596 msm, 17 Aug. 1976, J. Ratzloff 46/153; Mesa Seco, 12000 ft. alt., 15 July 1967, K. Johnson J67- 51. Custer Co.: Sangre de Cristo Mts., talus slope above ponds below Horseshoe Lake, Aug. 1976, G. Schooley COLO 288835. Conejos Co.: steep SE-facing grassy slopes above waterfall, below conglomerate cliffs, N Fork Rio Chama, 3250 msm, 12 July 1976, B.C. Johnston 391. While Keck (1946) doubted that the disjunct southern populations could belong to this species, this material shows no morphological deviation from typical material from Montana and northward. The capituli are almost glabrous with extremely broad erose often purplish phyllaries and the flowers are usually purplish as well. Keck’s key considered only leaf form, which is variable in the direction of narrow-lobed races of A. ludoviciana. Chromosome studies suggested by Keck to be of value in the ultimate disposition of the problem have not been made. ATRIPLEX VIRGATA Osterhout, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 53:35. 1926. This taxon was described from Colorado but was not evaluated by Harrington (1954). It should be placed in synonymy under A. rosea L. Osterhout’s basis for the species was the lack of facial appendages on the bracts, the type otherwise agreeing with A. rosea. Actually the type collection displays many ripe fruits and several of them have one or two sharp tubercles. Descriptions indicate that considerable variability must be allowed in this character. CLEMATIS SCOTTI Porter in Porter & Coulter, Syn. Fl. Colorado, 1. 1874. This taxon is a good species and did not deserve to be summarily reduced to varietal status under C. hirsutissima © Pursh by Erickson (1943). Clematis hirsutissima is erect, with fascicled stems and ascending leaves with straight rachises. The leaves, with very few exceptions (cf. Payson & Armstrong 3365, from Lincoln Co., Wyo., a mixed collection with narrow or very broad leaflets) are narrow and usually strongly pubescent. The flowers are short-cylindric, slightly broadened at the base with prominent apical lobes not strongly bordered by white tomentum. Clematis scottii is a sprawling decumbent herb with widely divergent stems and divaricately spreading leaves with a sigmoid-arcuate leaf-rachis. The leaves have broadly elliptic-ovate, glaucous and sparsely long-pilose leaflets. The flowers are short-turbinate with a very broad base and very small recurved tepal apices with a very prominent border of white tomentum. Erickson did not consider the differences in floral shape although many species of Clematis have distinctive floral shapes. Two color plates in Rickett (1973) illustrate the differences between C. hirsutissima (Plate 54, lower right-hand figure by Blecher) and C. scottii (Upper right-hand figure by Schooley). DICORIA BRANDEGEI Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 11:76. 1876. The record of this species is the Brandegee collection at NY, No. 1170 from “sands of R. San Juan near Utah line, SW Colorado, 1875”. The species becomes common along the river in Utah, but has not been taken again in Colorado. The specimen cited is one branchlet six inches long. FESTUCA SCABRELLA Torr. in Hook., Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 252. 1840. I erred (Weber 1961) in suggesting that F. hallii (Vasey) Piper [F. scabrella ssp. hallii (Piper) W.A. Weber] is the only member of the F. scabrella group occurring in Colorado. Harrington’s report (1954) of F. scabrella from Huerfano County at 11,250 ft. and from Custer County at 8500 ft. was correct, and his description certainly applies to the species proper and not to the rhizomatous - 96 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. hl, No. 7 F. hallii. 1 recently had the opportunity of seeing the species in the field (Huerfano Co.: Apishapa Pass, 3340 msm, 6 July 1978, Weber & Wingate 15442). It occurs sparsely on a grassy saddle along the trail from the pass toward West Spanish Peak. The saddle is dominated by Trifolium attenuatum Greene and Festuca arizonica, various species of Carex and sub- alpine perennials and appears to have had a history of overgrazing and recovery. The few large bunches of F. scabrella are best developed in deep loose soils churned up by gophers. The dense bunches lacking any rhizome development, the very high reddish leaf sheaths, long and tightly involute blades and large heavy spikelets easily distinguish F. scabrella from F. hallii. It is not impossible that F. scabrella might have been introduced for range restoration. KOCHIA SIEVERSIANA (Pall.) C.A. Mey. in Ledeb., Fl. Altaica 1:415. 1829. This is the common Kochia in Colorado and probably the most abundant late summer weed along the base of the Front Range. Weber (1966) reported this as K. iranica, but the treatment of Kochia in Fl. USSR VI clearly shows that this was incorrect. The flowers of K. iranica are permanently tomentose while our plants have flowers which are glabrous at maturity except for a marginal fringe of trichomes. K. sieversiana differs from K. scoparia (L.) Schrad. in having the inflorescence dense rather than remotely-flowered and the flowers are enveloped in tufts of long trichomes giving the whole inflorescence a woolly-tomentose appearance. The species occurs naturally in southern Siberia, Mongolia and western China. LAPPULA DIPLOLOMA (Schrenk ex Fisch. & Mey.) Guerke in Engler, Nat. Pflanzenfam. IV, 3a:107. 1893. Echinospermum diplomoma Schrenk ex F. & M., Enum. Pl. nov. a cl. Schrenk lect. 1:36. 1841. This is suggested as arf earlier name for an American and Siberian taxon that has had an extraordinary nomenclatural history and synonymy in American treat- ments. Lappula texana Britt., based on Echinospermum texanum Scheele (1852) and a long list of Greene names were enumerated most recently by Cronquist (1959) who considers all of them synonymous within a highly polymorphic concept of Lappula redowskii (Hornem.) Greene. L. diploloma is treated and figured in Flora USSR 19:313-315, Plate XX:3. We have not examined authentic material. In the event that we are not correct in assigning this name to the American plant, the name it should take would be L. texana (Scheele) Britt. Over many seasons of observing this complex in the field the senior author has become convinced that, regardless of the difficulty of determining some herbarium specimens, there are two distinct entities in the field that are clearly separable. The first, L. diploloma (or L. texana) is a vernal species of steppe-desert, flowering very early in the spring on sites that become very arid. This plant is ‘characterized by having its primary stem suppressed and replaced by several elongate stems from near ground level that are essentially unbranched and bear flowers in almost every leaf-axil. The mature nutlets are provided with inflated margins resembling old-fashioned horse-collars. The second, Lappula redowskii, is an aestival species of more mesic sites and higher altitudes, blossoming through the summer. This plant characteristically has a main stem which produces radiating branches from the upper portion, the flowers being limited to these branches. The mature nutlets are not provided with highly inflated margins. Interspecific hybridization may be responsible for some of the confusion in herbaria, but extensive intergradation has not been observed in the field. The Russian L. diploloma is said to have nutlets that separate with difficulty, while the American plants have normally separating mature nutlets. In other respects the description of the Russian species seems to match ours. RANUNCULUS OREOGENES Greene, Plantae Bakerianae 3:2. 1901. The type of this taxon was collected by C.F. Baker in 1901 from Cerro Summit above Cimarron. Benson (1948) discussed its obvious close relationship with R. glaberrimus Hook. var. ellipticus Greene but 1979 Weber, Johnston, & Wilken, Flora of Colorado 497 surprisingly placed the species in different sections of the genus! It is difficult to find a valid distinction between them. In Benson’s comparison table, the characters overlap or the measure- ments of one are encompassed by the range of the other. He gives the receptacle of glaberri- mus in the table as glabrous, but in the description on page 167 he says “usually finely pubescent”. The only character that remains to separate the two after comparing the table point by point is the allegation that the cauline leaves are parted in glaberrimus and entire in oreogenes. The senior author visited the type locality to observe R. oreogenes and found the area dominated by nothing but R. glaberrimus var. ellipticus. | conclude that the two taxa are synonymous, Benson gives what he has called R. oreogenes a geographical range replacing that of R. glaberrimus ellipticus southward in southern Utah, Arizona and New Mexico. If the southern populations are distinct from glaberrimus the name that they should take is R. collomae Benson. Rejections CAREX BIGELOWII Torr. & Schwein. Hermann (1970) continues to list this species as being present in Colorado as well as Utah, Idaho and Wyoming. All the specimens we have been able to examine belong either to C. scopulorum or some related species. C. bigelowii has an Amphi- Atlantic distribution. According to Raymond (1951) discussed by Hulten (1958), it “occurs in Eurasia from Spitzbergen, Iceland and Scotland eastward to Jana River and also in the Alps, and in America from Greenland to the west coast of Hudson Bay.” It would be very unlikely for a species with this characteristic distribution to be found in the southern Rocky Mountains. CAREX ROSTRATA Stokes in Withering, Bot. Arr. British Plants ed. 2: 1059. 1787. This name has been erroneously applied to C. utriculata Boott, a common Rocky Mountain and western North American species, by Mackenzie, Fernald and subsequently almost every author dealing with western plants. Carex rostrata is a plant of, oligotrophic bogs (pH between 4.5 and 6.5 according to Jermy and Tutin [1968] p. 90). The leaves are typically revolute and glaucous. It has a distinctly Amphiatlantic distribution. C. utriculata is a plant of eutrophic wetlands with pH neutral or nearly so abundant along streams, ponds and beaver-dams in the mountain west. Its leaves are typically broad, green, and plicate. The confusion may have begun with Mackenzie’s treatment of Carex (1935) in which he lumped all North American material in the group under C. rostrata, saying, “This is one of the most widely distributed and most frequently collected of our sedges. Variations in vegetative characters in individual specimens are often marked, but are of no systematic value.” Fernald ~ (1942) added to the confusion when he concurred although he admitted that “very little North American material is satisfactorily identified with true C. rostrata Stokes,(C.ampullacea Gooden.), the 30 fat covers of North American material (fully 750 sheets) in the Gray :Herbar- jum yielding only 29 numbers which can be forced into the typical European form of the species, these all from high-northern, alpine, subalpine or bleak habitats in Labrador, New- foundland, eastern Quebec, northern Nova Scotia, northern New Brunswick, northern Vermont, northern Michigan, Lake Athabaska, Mackenzie and Alaska, with a slightly thicker spiked series, often with broader leaves, at high altitudes to Colorado and California... .”’ Fernald was familiar in the field with Carex rostrata in the east, but neither he nor Mac- kenzie had field experience with it in Europe, nor with the western species C. utriculata. European botanists visiting the Rocky Mountains are astounded that the western plant has been passing as Carex rostrata. The senior author’s field experience in northern Europe confirms their opinion. MELAMPODIUM STRIGOSUM Stuessy, Rhodora 74:51. 1972. Stuessy reports this species 498 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 41, No. 7 from Chaffee County, Coloradg. The species is Mexican, barely getting into southeastern Arizona. An extralimital report such as this should have been more closely investigated. The specimen in question is said to have been collected in Chaffee County, Buena Vista, Jones s.n. (POM). The Pomona specimen has no further data, and no date of collection. In view of the highly dubious character of the record coupled with the discordant distribution pattern it poses, we feel that this record should be ignored. Literature Cited BENSON, LYMAN. 1948. A treatise on the North American Ranunculi, Amer. Midl. Nat. 40:1-261. CRONQUIST, ARTHUR. 1959. Boraginaceae [in] Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest, Part 4: Ericaceae through Campanulaceae. Univ. Washington Press, Seattle. ERICKSON, R.O. 1943. Taxonomy of Clematis section Viorna. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 30 (1): 1-62. 6 fig. 1 pl. FERNALD, M.L. 1942. Critical notes on Carex. Rhodora 44:281-331. pl. 710-716. HERMANN, F.L. 1970. Manual of the Carices of the Rocky Mountains and Colorado Basin. Agric. Handbook 374, U.S. Forest Service. HYLANDER, NILS. 1953. Nordisk Karlvaxtflora, Vol. I. 392 pp. Almqvist & Wiksell, Stock- holm. JERMY, A.C. and T.G. TUTIN. 1968. British Sedges. 199 pp. Bot. Soc. Brit. Isles, London. KECK, DAVID D. 1946. A revision of the Artemisia vulgaris complex in North America. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 4 ser. 25:421468. MACKENZIE, KENNETH K. 1935. Cariceae, in North American Flora 18(7): 393-478. PILZ, GEORGE E. 1978. Systematics of Mirabilis subgenus Quamoclidion (Nyctaginaceae). Madrono 25:113-232. RICKETT, H.W. 1973. Wild Flowers of the United States, Vol. 6. The Central Mountains and Plains. McGraw-Hill, New York. ROLLINS, REED C. 1950. The guayule rubber plant and its relatives. Contr. Gray Herb. 172:1-72. SCHOLZ, HILDEMAR. 1970. Zur Systematik der Gattung Bromus L. subgenus Bromus (Gramineae). Willdenowia :139-159. WEBER, WILLIAM A. 1966. Additions to the Flora of Colorado—IV. Univ. Colo. Studies, Ser. Biol. 23:1-24. 1979 Weber, Johnston, & Wilken, Flora of Colorado Plate 1. A. Neoparrya, megarrhiza B. N. lithophila 500 P HTT OL O.G:TA Vol. 1, No. 7 Plate 2. Erigeron kachinensis Welsh & Moore BOOK REVIEWS Alma L. Moldenke "ALGAL PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY" edited by W. D. P. Stewart, xi & 987 pp., 92 b/w fig. & 75 tab. University of California Press, New York, N. Y., Los Angeles & Berkeley, California 94720. 197) [1975]. $45.00. This is Volume 10 in the Botanical Monographs and, like its pre=- decessors, is a carefully planned valuable contribution to botani- cal literature. There are 32 papers by 35 authors mostly from the British Isles and the United States but also from Canada and Ger= many. The cell wall, intracellular structures, chemical elements, cell processes, ion uptake, movements and synchronous culturing are presented with their experimental data, bibliographies, and evalua- tions. Lewin's paper on Biochemical Taxonomy chides careless gen= eralizing about large groups when authors may have examined only one strain of one species of a genus grown under only one set of known conditions; or, worse, they may have analyzed only a single tuft of seaweed, grown under unspecified and probably unknown con- ditions and identified merely to genus by whichever passing botane ist was rash enough to do so." Lewin then checks through text and comparative charts of different algal groups the presence of the various chlorophylls, carotenoids, biliproteins, carbohydrates, alginates, cellulose, lipids, enzymes, etc. "SOLUTE MOVEMENT IN THE SOIL-ROOT SYSTEM" by P. H. Nye & P. B. Tinker, xiv & 32 pp., 118 b/w fig. & 5 tab. University of California Press, New York, N. Y., Los Angeles & Berkeley, California 94720. 1977 [1978]. $23.00. This carefully presented work is Volume } in "Studies in Ecolo= gy" suitable for advanced soil science and related crop or plant physiology courses and for advanced technicians in such fields. The chapters deal with movement of water through soils into plants especially using the "continuity equation which underlies most quantitative treatments", solute interchange in the soil and its modelling for gas, liquid and solid phases, diffusion, uptake rates of solutes and the complicated changes occurring in the soil around single roots with extrapolation for a crop or plant commu= nity. Clear expository text, much use of plotted data on graphs and wise analyses of the limitations of such newly evaluated in- formation are the strong points of’ this study. 501 502 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 1, No. 7 "EDIBLE AND USEFUL PLANTS OF CALIFORNIA" by Charlotte Bringle Clarke, 283 pp. & 77 b/w line draw. & 8 plates of color photos. University of California Press, Los Angeles & Berkeley, California 94720. 1978. $5.95 paperbound. The author's attractive lectures, fine courses and effective field trips are in response to the demand created by the recent "back=to=—nature" movement. This useful book "tells about aborig-= inal and modern uses of more than 220 different species of plants found in California.....eRecipes are given where applicable.... It is meant to be useful to the average student, city dweller, backpacker, camper, vegetarian, and survival instructor." It groups and describes the plants according to their habitats. The illustrations really help in identification. The "Suggested Ref= erence List" is well planned as is the "Index of Plant Uses". "ENDANGERED PLANT SPECIES OF THE WORLD AND THEIR ENDANGERED HABI- TATS: A Compilation of the Literature", 2nd Revised Edition compiled by Meryl A. Miasek & Charles R. Long, i & 7 pp., Library of the New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y. 10458. 1978. $3.50 paperbound. How convenient to have this carefully compiled bibliography of 629 listings available "for researchers and all individuals inter- ested in the preservation of the world's flora, and [for] inform- ing the public about those rare and endangered plants". "VEGETATION MITTELEUROPAS MIT DEN ALPEN in OUkologischer Sicht" by Heinz Ellenberg, 982 pp., 99 illus. & 130 tab. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, P.O. 1032, 7000 Stuttgart 1, Germany. 1978. DM. 120. This is an exceedingly well prepared, thoroughly detailed, ecologically oriented (the kind that grew out of the Ttixen and the Braun=Blanquet school) synthesis and analysis of the vegetation (and vegetational changes over different time periods) of Central Europe including the Alps. The 25 detailed and well outlined chapters are developed under the following topics: "A Einftthrender Uberblick, B Naturnahe Wider und Gebtische, C Andere vorwiegend naturnahe Formationen, und D Grossenteils von Menschen mitge= schaffene und erhaltene Formationen". The photographic illustra- tions are printed very clearly and consequently small details are readily visible. Likewise, the tables and figures have many de- tails incorporated into them and they yield a great deal of in= formation. Index to authors in Volume Forty-one Andrus, R. E., 377 Bohlmann, F., 50, 387 Christensen, C. L., 88, 321 Degener, I., 327 Degener, eee 327 Eckel, P. M., 198 Eichman, fe Bey 328 Engel, J, 3 309 Fosberg, F. R., 37, 363 Holmes, W. C., 183 Jiménez, A. J. de J., 328 Johnston, B. Ce, ),86 King, R. M., 50, 387, 396 Krukoff, B. A., 201, 239, 256 Se ae 183 Mickel, J. T., 431 Moldenke, A. L., us 136, 199, 301, 375, 438, Moldenke, H. N., 10, 62, 105, 123, 131, 145, 151, 3h6, 366, 399, 09, Lh9, 452 Muller, C. H., 38h OseriIp, B.. Ss, 317 Pringle, J. S., 139 Read, R. W., 329 Robinson, H., 33, 39, 45, 50 387, 396, 398 Rogers, C. M., h7 St. John, H., lh, 305, 41 Schmidt, D. J., 321 Smith, L. B., 329 TILLEbEs Si Sc, "OS Valdés Reyna, J., 81 Ward, D. B., 55 Weber, W. A., 1,86 Wilken, D., 486 Wunderlin, R. Pe, £5905°315 Wurdack, = Je, 1 Zander, R. H., 11 Index to supraspecific scientific names in Volume Forty-one Abies, 108 Abuta, e397, 21, 2bh-2h7, 252, 253. Abutilon, hhh Acacia, 82, 110, 116, 126, 386, 08 Acalypha, 178 Acanthes, 325 Acer, 16 Achnanthes, 92, 94-98 Achyranthes he Acnanthes, 322 Acutae, 19 Adenolinum, 8 Adiantopsis, 432 Agave, 116, 13h, 163, 170, 05 Ageratina, 389, 391 Agrobacterium, 161, 176, 368, 37h Agromyza, 15) Agropyron, 158 Agrostemma, 92 Ailanthus, 192 Aizoaceae, )2 Albertisia, 22 Aletes, },88 Rleurites, 118, 43 Aleuritopteris, 432, 435 Aleyrodidae, 77 Allium, 162 Alloispermm, 50-5), Alnus, 108, 1,86 Alsophila, 432 Alyxia, Uhh Amaranthaceae, 137, 138, 2 Amaranthus, ue Amblyarrhena, 33, ° 3h, 36, ° 385 Soh PHYTOLOGIA Ambrosiinae, 50, 51 Amphipleura, 94, 96-98, 322 Amphora, 9-98, 322 Anacardiaceae, hh3 Anagallis, 17 171 Andreaea, 23 ecareetran’ 1,86 Anemone, ),86 Knomoeneis, 96 Anomospermae, 21 Anomospermum, 239, 21, 28-251, eo9 Anthelia, 378 Anthemideae, 387, 389, 391, 393=395 Anthemis, 392, 39) Anulocaulis, 82 Aphanostephus, 162 Aphelenchoides, 15 Apocynaceae, hh) Aquilifoliaceae, ))3 Araliaceae, hh) Arctium, },92 Arctotideae, 39) Arctotis, 39h Argyroxiphium, 6 Artemisia, 116, 13, 155, 170, LL6, 19S, 198 Arundinaria, 418 Arundo, 82 Asaemia, 393 Asclepias, 170 Aspidotis, 32 Aster, 55, 490 Asteraceae, 33, 39, 5S, 50, 5h, 387, 388, 394-396, 398 Astereae, 52 Asterionella, 322 Asteriscium, 19, 22 Astragalus, }\88, 89, 92 Ateles, 211 Athanasia, 393, 39) Atriplex, 82, 367, 488, h95 Attalea, 69 Aulacaspis, 176 Azolla, },88 Azorella, 87 Vol. yl, No. rg Baccharis, 396, 397 Bacillaria, 94, 96, 98 Bacillariophyta, 10) Bacopa, ))5 Barbula, 11, 12, 14, 19, 20, 22=28, 31, 32 Barbuleae, 1) Bauhinia, 208 Bazzania, 378 Bebbia, 51 Befaria, 6) Begonia, 106 Bemisia, 132 Berberis, 110 Biddulohia, 96 Bidens, 6 Billia, 62, 69, 70 Bishovia, 391 Blainvillea, 3) Blastocaulon, 10 Bobea, 5 Boerhaavia, ))2 Bolophyta, 86, 87 Boraginaceae, hhh, 498 Borreria, 313, 31h Botrytis, 176 Bouteloua, 155, 162 Braasicacese, 15h Breviflorae, 201, 205-208, 210, 221 | 222, 22h eae Brickellia, 170, 387, 389-391, 396, 397 Brocchinia, 81 Bromeliaceae, 329, 331, 333, 335-337, .339,. 3h guages Bromelioideae, 329 Bromus, 192, 1,98 Broussaisia, 3 Bryales, 31 Bryoerythrophyllum, 11, 28, 30 Bryum, 28 Bupleurum, 88 Bursera, fy Byrsonim » 48h Cadamba, ae Caesalpinia » 443 Calatola, 62, 69, 70 1979 Calea, 33, 36, 50-53 Callicarpa, 302, 363 Callicladiun, 1) Caloneis, i Calycocarpum, 20 Calypogeia, 378 Calyptocarpus, 3) Campylodiscus, 96 Campylopus, 378 Canavalia, ))3 Canthium, 347, 3448 Capparaceae, bh3 Carduaceae, 7 Carduales, 7 Carex, 18, 488, 96-98 Cariceae, 1198 Carptotepala, Caryomene, 28, 253 Cassia, 3 Catopsis, 33h Cebus, 211 Celastraceae, Lh3 Celosia, 137 Celtis, 82, 11h, 116, 158 Centaurea, },92 Ceratiola, 6) Cercocarpus, 134 Chaenopleura, Chaetolepis, l Charpentiera, 2 Cheilanthes, 31-37 Cheirodendron, hh Chenopodiaceae, 2 Chenopodium, Chenopodium, lh2 Chiloscyphus, 311 Chionanthus, 328 Chloris, 171 Chondrodendron, 20-22, 29 Choristoneura, 15h Chrysopogon, @ciscsasen, bhi Chrysothamnus, ),89 Chusquea, 85 Cionomene, 239, 2h1, 2h3 Cirsium, 92, 93 Cissampelos, 20 410 DR 96 5985 99, 322, 239, 2h1, 2h2, 2h7, Index Citharexylon, 655. 215, “E17, 9 505 Citharexylum, 62-7, 105-122 Clappia, 39 Clappiinae, 39 Clasmatocolea, 309-311 Clematis, 95, 98 Cleome, 143 Clermontia, 6 Clerodendrum, 10, 129, 301, 302 Clethra, 18 Clibadiinae, 39 Clibadium, 0 Clidemia, 7, 9 Clusia, 62, 108 Cnidoscolus, 182 Cocconeis, 9-96, 322 Cocculus, 20 Coleogyne, 170 Collema, 317, 320 Colubrina, hhh Comanthera, 10 Commelina, 2 Commelinaceae, 2 Commelinidae, 10 Compositae, 54, 55, 183, 197, 387, 395, hh6, 77 Condalia, 116 Congea, 132 Convolvulaceae, hhh Coprosma, 5 Coptosperma, 358 Cordia, 13 Pordplane. 118, 4h2 Cornutia, 10, 123+130 Coronilla, 1193 Coulterella, 0, 50-53 Coulterellinae, 0, 51 Cowania, 170 Croton, 13h Cruciferae, 3 Cryptantha, 89 Cucurbitaceae, 20 Curarea, 2h0-2h2, 250 Cuscuta, Cyanea, 6 Cyathea, 32 Cyatheaceae, 37 506 PEL OLOG 1S Cyclotella, 96, 322 Cymatopleura, dh, 96, 97, 99 Cymbella, 94-965, 99, 322 Cymopterus, 89 Cyperus, Cyrilla, th Cyrtandra, Cytharexylun, es 116, 118 Dactylhymeniun, Dasylirion, 116, een Daucus, 87, 376. Delphinium, 376 Denticula, 9-96, 99 Deanahthodiinae, Fe) Desmanthodium, 0 Diacrisia, 15) Dianella, 2 Diatoma, 322 Dichromena, 63 Dicoria, },95 Didymodon, 11-32 Dimeresia, 0 Dimeresiinae, }0 Dioscorea, 2h0 Diospyros g, 162;' 162 365 Diploneis, 9-96, 99 Dirinaria, 319 Distichium, 30 Dodonea, 318 Dopatriun, 53 Draba, ),89 Drimys, 63 Drosera, 28, 89 Duranta, A Dyssodia, ee yl Echinospermun, 96 Eleagnus, 193 Elephantomene, 239, 2h1, 22, 251 Elymus, 158 Encelia, 51, 52, 178 Enhydra, 398 Enhydrinae, 398 Enterolobium, 319 Epacridaceae, dybyy Vol. yi, No. 7 Ephedra, 170 Epicauta, 15h Epinetrum, 2)2 Epithemia ia, 94, 96, 99 Ericaceae, hh) Erigeron, "187, 490, 500 Erinus, 177 Eriocaulaceae, 09, 11, 13, 415, 417, 419, het, 123, 425, h27, USE, hOsy 455, 157, 159, 461, 463, 65, 167, 469, 471, 473, 475, U7T, 479, 481, 183, Eriocaulales, 10 Eriocaulon, 10-30, 451-62, héh, 470, 471 Eriogonum, 170, 489, 91 Eriospermae, 207, 208, 210, 225 Eryngium, 87 Erysiphe, 176 Erythrina, 108, 256-265, 267, 269, 271, 273, 275, 277, 279, 281, 283, 285, 287, 289, 291, 293, 295, 297, 299, 318 Erythrophyllun, 11 Espeletia, 77 Eucalyptus, 71, 319 Eugenia, 118 Eumorphia, 393 Eunotia, 91-97, 99, 103, 322 Eupatoriadelphus, 389-391 Eupatorieae, 52, 197, 387, 389- 391, 39h, ” 396 Eupatorium, 389=391, on 397 Euphorbia, 82, 43, b Euphorbiaceae, hh3 Eutrema, 1,89 Fallaces, 27 Fallopia, OZ Ferocactus, 170 Festuca, 195, 496 Ficus, Fisus, 62 Fimbristylis, ray Fincaen sana bh Flaveria, 53, 82 Flaveriinae, *SQnc2 1979 Flaverinae, a eee Flourensia, SS Fouquieria, 82, 116 Fragilaria, oh-97, 100, 323 Franseria, 170, 367 Frasera, 139-13 Fraxinus, 108 Frustulia, 94, 96, 100, 323 Fuchsia, 86 Gahnia, "Whe Gaillardia, 52 Gaillardiinae, 50, 52 see, rane Galea, iiaoe, 51 Galinsoginae, 51 Gardenia, 1h) Geheebia, 29 Gentiana, 1)1, 77 Gentianaceae, 139, 142, 13 Geranium, )\93 Gesneriaceae, 5 Geum, 1,87 Glandularia, 177, 374, 02 Gleichenia, 13 Glycyrrhiza, 181 Gnaphalium, 6 Gomphonema, 92, 94-97, 100, 323 Goodeniaceae, 6 Gouldia, Graciles, 13, 22, 26, 27, 29, 30 Gramineae, 81 Guardiola, 1 Guardiolinae, )1 Guazuma, 182 Guettarda, 347, 39 Gutierrezia, 156, 170, 171, 367 Guamania, 332-33), 342-35 syrocarpacess » 2h0 yrosigma, 9, 96, 100 : a oh, 96, 97, 100 Haplopappus, 170 Hauya, 62, 108 Hebeclinium, 391 Hedyotis, Hedyotis, Lh’ Helenieae, co 51 52 52, 110\-2%4 Index 507 Helenium, 52 Helenolides, 50 Heliamphora, 481 Heliantheae, 33, 39, 50-5, 398 Helianthinae, 51 Helianthus, 51, 55-61 Heliotropium, )) Henidiodia, 31) Hemitelia, "132 Heptanthus , h2 Hepaticae, 309, 311, 312 Heterocondylus, 391 Heptanthinae, }1 Herberta, 378, 379 Hermidium, 190, 91 Herrickia, 90 Hibiscus, nh Homoptera, ipo th 234: a1 Hydrocotyle, 87 Hydrophyllaceae, )) Hymenoclea, 170 Hyperbaena, 2),0 Hypericum, 85, 86 Hypnaceae, 1) Hypnum, 378 Hypochoeris, Hypopterygium, ee Hypti ak ene » 493 Idria, 170, 367 Ilex, 4h3 Inuleae, 52 Iresine, 6) Iris, 418 Isachne, 6) isatis, 93 Iva, Tva, ol Txora, 3,7 Jaegeria, S1 Juglans, 38) Juncus, },88 Jungermannia, 311 Juniperus, 110, 162, 163, 165, 170, 367, 89 477 377 » 318-320 508 reuY TOL OOGur sk Kingianthus, 3) Kleinia, 19) Knautia, 49) Koanophyllon, 396 Kochia, 96 Labiatae, 305, 369, 399, hhh Lachnocaulon, 11, 419, 459, 4,62=)67 Lagascea, 50, 51, 5h Lagasceinae, 50, 5) Lamiaceae, 369 Lantana, 132, 13h, 372, bho Lappula, )96 Larrea, 82, 116, 372 Lasiospermum, 393 Lathyrus, aN Leguminosae, 3 Leiothrix, 118, 67-70 Lepidiun, = hs Leptogium, 317, 320 Liabeae, LS, 47 Liabellum, },5-)9 Liabum, 5, 48 Lichenes, 320 Liliaceae, ))2 Linaceae, ));7 Linociera, 328 Linn, Lh7, hs Lipochaeta, Whé Lippia, 131-135, 145 Lobaria, 318 Lobeliaceae, 6 Lomatium, }\87, 1,88 Lomatogoniun, 1h2=151 Lophocolea, 309, 311 Lophocoleaceae, 309 Loxostege, 154 Luehea, 182 Lupinus, 163, OS Machaeranthera, h90 Macraea, 9 Macrophomina, 176 Mahonia, },99 Vol. hi, Hoge Mallotium, 320 Malvaceae, hhh Marshallia, 2 Marshalliinae, 2 Mastichodendron, 133 Mastigloia, 96 Melampodium, 197 Melia, 318, 319 Meloidogyne, 15) Melosira, 96, 323, 32h Menispermaceae, 239=243, 2h5, 2h7, 249, 251, 253=255 Menispermun, 2h0 Mentzelia, 156 Meridion, 9h-97, 100, 32h Mesanthemum, 21, 42h, 170-73 Metrosideros, 307, Miconia, 1-7 Wicrophyllae, Mikania, ation. Mildella, 432 Mimosa, 110, 116, 367, 38h, 386 Wimulus , 190 Wirabilis, 170,487, 489, 90, 98 Mirandaceltis, 62, 69, 70 Miscanthus, 187 Mitracarpus, 313, 335,. 38 Moldenkeanthus, 1,73 Monocotyledones, ))1 Montanoa, 2 Montanoinae, 2 Morinia, 32 Muhlenbergia, 118 Musei, ae 32 erie , 3h, 358 Myrica, "138 Myriopteris, 35 Myrsine, Sa Myrtacea » 319, bh Nama, a "bs Navicula, 94-97, 101, 32h, 325 Nectandra, 62, é9, 70 Neidium, 96, 32h Neonelsonia, 87 Neoparrya, 1,87, 88, 99 Nepeta, 131 Neurolaena, 52 1979 Index 509 Neurolaeneae, 7 Neurolaeninae, 51, 52 Niphogeton, 87 Nitzschia, 9-97, 101, 32h, 325 Nothobaccharis, 396, 397 ctaginaceae, “Whe, 98 Peet isle ssa, ns, oe Cligosmne, 3h Onagraceae, 86 Oncidium, 106 Opehora, 32) Opephora, 96 Ophelia, 139, lil, 12 0 sporus, 396 Opuntia, 13h, 162, 170, 367, 370 Oreopanax, 108, 133 Orthomene, 21, 250, 251 Osmanthus, 6k Osmia, 368 Ossaea, 9, 10 Osteomeles, h)3 Ostrya, 108 Oxytropis, 89 Paepacantus, 73, 75 Paepalanthus, 22, 67, 473-85 Panicum, },9) Parmelia, 318 Parmeliaceae, 320 Parmotrema, 318 Parthenium, 116, 486 Pavetta, 347, 354, 355, 358 Pectidinae, 50-52 Pelea, hh3 Pellaea, 431, 43h, 435, h91 Pellicularia, 176 Peltophorum, 319 Penstemon, },91 Pentacalia, 389 Peperomia, ))2 Perissocoelum, 76 Perrottetia, hh3 Persea, 62, 69, 70, 6h Peteravenia, 389, 391 Petraea, 150 Petrea, 132, 450 Peucedanun, 87 Phacelia, 162, 489, OL Phaeographina, 319 Phalaris, 173 Philodice, 475 Phyla, 131, 450 Phyllanthus, ))3 Phyllostegia, 305, hhh, hs ly Phyllostegma, Phymaspermum, 393 Phymatotrichum, 176 Physcia, 319 Phytolacca, )h2 Phytolaccaceae, ))2 Pilea, 6) Pinillosa, 43 Pinillosinae, h2 Pinnularia, 9-96, 102 Pinularia, 32) Pinus, 62, 108, 163, 165, 170, 6h, 475, 1189 Piper, hh?” Piperaceae, 2 Pitcairnia, 329-332, 336-3l1 Pitcairnioideae, 329 Pithecellobiwum, 11h, 38)—386 Pittosporaceae, 3 Pittosporum, 443 Plantaginaceae, 5 Plantago, lh5 Plectronia, 318 Pleurosigma, 96 Pleuroweisieae, 32 Pleurozia, 378 Pleuroziopsis, 377 Plumbaginaceae, hh) Plumbago, hhh Plumeria, 182 Podocarpus, 71 Polygonum, 368, 93, 49k Polymnia, 3 Polysphaeria, 350, 351 Populus, 173, 318 Poro Lum ues Portulaca, 3 510 Pol YT 0. LoOnGcTaa Portulacaceae, 3 Potentilla, }\91 Pottiaceae, 11, 13, 31, 32 Pottieae, 1 Prionosciadium, 76 Priva, 15 Prosopis, 11), .116,°258,,,370, 372 Prunus, 170 Psathura, 359 Peeudckyrsteniopste, 390 Pseudomonas, 15 Psidium, 118 Psilostrophe, 163 Psychotria, 352, LS Ptelea, 158 Pteridophyta, 436 Pteris, 69 Puya, 329, 335 Quamoclidion, }\87 Quercus, 62, 63, 69, 70, 108, 110, 133,°165, 182,> 64 Radlkoferotoma, 390 Ranunculus, 24, 96, 97 Rapanea, 319 Rehdera, 50 Rhamnaceae, hh Rhexia, 118 Rhoicosphenia, 96 Rhopalodia, 9h, 96, 97, 102 Rhus, 62, 158, 170, 181, 367, 4h3, 488 Rhynchospora, 6) Ribes, },91 Rollandia, 6 Rosaceae, ));3 Rouhaman, 207 Rouhamon, 201, 205, 208, 209, 219 Rubiaceae, 1h, 313, 315, 316, 3h7, 319, 351, 3535 355, 357, 3595 1, bbs” Rubiginosae, 2h Rubus, 118, 191 Rudbeckia, 3 Rudbeckiinae, 3 Rutaceae, 13 Vol. 1, No. 7 Rutidea, 355 Rynchospora, Li57 Saelania, 32 Salix, 69, 173, SLT, ee Salsola, 156, 163 Salvia, 170 Santalaceae, 2 Santalum, 307, )h2 Sarracenia, 18 Saxifragaceae, bh3 Scaevola, )h6 Scapania, 378 Schistocarpha, 51 Schizophyllum, 46 Sciadotenia, 239, 21, 22, 2hh, ie ee 154, 4b5 Selaginella, },91 Selinocarpus, 82 Senecio, },89 Senecioneae, 7, 389 Serenoa, 6) Sesbania, hh3 Sesuvium, ))2 Setaria, 118 Sida, hhh Silene, 19) Simmondsia, 178 Simsia, 51 Sinclairia, 47 Sinopteridaceae, 436 Sinopteris, 132 Sisymbrium, 15h Sisyrinchium, 18 Smelowskia, 1,89 Smilax, 2, 46h Solanaceae, )h5 Solanum, 116, 45, hok Solidago, 55 Sophora, 110 Sparattanthelium, 210 Spermacoce, 313=315 Sphagnum, 86, 377-383, 418, 483, 1,89 Spiraea, ),9] Sporobolus, 64, 81-8) 1979 Index Stac pheta, 132, 164, 180, 1,50 Stauroneis, 9-97, 102, 32h Stegolepis, 481 Stenogyne, 305, lag hs Stephanodiscus, Sterculiaceae, in Stilpnophytun, 393 Striga, 128 Strychnaceae, 202 Strychnos, 201-238 Styphelia, hh Styrax, 133 Suaeda, 82 Subsecunda, 378, 379 Surirella, 91-96, 102, 32h, 325 Svida, 10 Swertia, 139-1)3 Synedra, 9-97, 102, 32h, 325 Syngonanthus, 10, 23, 46h, 7h Syringa, 66 Tabellaria, 96, 32) Tacca, 2 Taccaceae, Lhe Tagetes, Sapoiac. 53 Tamarix, 173, 9h Tanacetum, 392 Tarenna, 347, 353-355, 357, 358 Taxodium, 16 Telitoxicum, 21, 242, 2h, 251 Terpsinoe, 91-96, 102 Tetramolopiun, bh6 Thalassiosire, 96 Theilaviopsis, 176 Tidestromia, 82 Tillandsia, 332 Tillandsioideae, 332 Tithonia, 51 Tortula, 21, 29 Trachypogon, 8) Triainolepis, 358-360 Trialeurodes, 15, 06 Tribulus, 3 511 Tricalysia, 37, 360, 362 Trichostonopais, ads "1h: ao el, ee, Rett iee tae 2h2 Triclisieis, 21 Tridax, 51 Trifolium, 1192, 96 Trixis, 178 Turpinia, 62, 69, 70 Ulmus, 173 Umbelliferae, 87 Ungulipetalun, 2h1, 2h2 Uredinales, 200 Ursinia, 387, 393=395 Ursinieae, 395 Vaccinium, ))i) Valeriana, 79 Varilla, hh Varillinae, hh Veratrilla, 1)3 Verbascum, 9) Verbena, 132, 151, 153-182, 366=374, 399-08, 451 Verbenaceae, 132, 302 Verbesina, 171, 178 Verbesininae, 50 Veronica, 15), Viguiera, bls 12 Vineales, 13, 22-2), 27, 30 Vitex, 80, 302 Waltheria, hhh Wedelia, 3) Willoughbya, 188 Xanthoparmelia, 318, 319 Xylorhiza, 190 Xylosma, hh Xyris, 11, 416 Tucea, 116, 155, 170, 367; 370 Zaluzania, Zaluzaniinae, Zanthoxylum, 3 Zexnenia, 31, 35, 37, 38 Zygophyllaceae, 143 512 FETT COLO.G 1.4 Vol. ii, No. 7 Publication dates Volume 0, No. 5 ——— September 2h, 1978 Volume 0, No. 6 —-= October 20, 1978 Volume 1, No. 1 -—-= December , 1978 Volume 1, No. 2 -——- December 15, 1978 Volume 1, No. 3 —— January 1, 1979 Volume )1, No. 4 --- January 17, 1979 Addenda and errata (1) On page 105 of Volume 1, No. 2, "Sri Lanka" was inadvertent- ly omitted from the type locality description of Premna tomentosa f. jejuna Moldenke. (2) On the title-page/front cover of Volume 1, No. 5, the author- ship of the fifth paper should read: "SCHMIDT, D. Jd., BICHMAN, J. K., and CHRISTENSEN, C. L., Diatoms as water quality indicators: Part IIn iT / Fa 4 i oe iy Ad me ; iv x Te de Pais vi n | ~ , ee mt t Oe ar oe) a \s rf - i i, > A : . a hy if 4 i La, i A ‘ ah : ak A ni - Beat By } Vennes Ved Ly . Ss eek) te hehe MS ee on IESE (e203 eet pou ur