pui =6PHYTOLOGIA

A cooperative nonprofit journal designed to expedite botanical publication

Vol. 49 September 1981 _ No. 1
. CONTENTS
KING, R. M., & ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae).
OE) Al PICU ONES NGC OPOHCTINIE 3 oh. Bike im be cay ee ea ]
KING, R. M., & ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae).
CCVII. Additional new combinations .................. 3

KING, R. M., & ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae).
CCVIII. Additions to Badilloa and Bartlettina from Ecuador .. 7

ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Heliantheae (Asteraceae). X XVIII.

Additions to Calea and Ichthyothere from Brasil .......... 10
THOMPSON, H. J., & POWELL, A. M., Loasaceae of the Chihuahuan

1 ISS 7 Gi 5 athe BERENS SALAD ADRAC ERT Heche Een ae aha SERS Le Nek Wag = botge faa 16
BEETLE, A. A., Noteworthy grasses from Mexico. IX .............. 33
WEBER, W. A., & LOVE, A., New combinations in the genus Packera

PEMRCT GCE) 2D avalon. i are ioic ie Rebar sees a aero ad oe a a4

DEGENER, O. & I., & SMITH, D. R., Dr. Hans Hormann (1902-1981) ..51
GOMEZ BBD. & GOMEZ-L., J., A new species of Prosopanche

fFvanoraceae) from:Costa Rica.) Se Spe te te iain Ria Bis 53
GOMEZ-L., J., & GOMEZ P., L. D., A new species of arborescent

Passiflora (Astrophea) from Costa Rica...............4.4. 56
MOLDENKE, H. N., Notes on new and noteworthy plants. CXLVIII ....58
MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the genus Priva. IX ......... 58
WASSHAUSEN, D. C., New species of Justicia (Acanthaceae) ......... 65
CUATRECASES, J., Miscellaneous notes on neotropical flora, XIIJ...... 69
MiJET pues (ASL. Book Teviews io so a tae ee ESS eR Ee 76

Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke

303 Parkside Road
Plainfield, New Jersey 07060
U.S.A.

Price of this number $3.00; for this volume $12.00 in advance or $13.00 after
close of the volume; $4.00 extra to all foreign addresses and domestic
dealers; 512 pages constitute a complete volume; claims for numbers lost
in the mails must be made immediately after receipt of the next following
number for free replacement; back volume prices apply if payment is received
after a volume is closed.

42,

Vy) he

STUDIES IN THE EUPATORIEAE (ASTERACEAE). CCVI.

A NEW GENUS GARDNERINA.

R. M. King and H. Robinson
Department of Botany
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., 20560.

Among the names of the Eupatorieae unaccounted for in
previous studies in this series are Ptquerta angustata Gardn.
and the derived combination Alomta angustata (Gardn.) Benth.
Existing descriptions indicate a distinctive plant that does not
readily fit in any presently known genus of the tribe. Isotype
material has now been seen through the courtesy of the New York
Botanical Garden, and the distinctive nature of the species has
been confirmed.

The two generic names that have been applied to the Brasil-
ian plant are traditional in the Eupatorieae for various members
lacking a pappus. Piquerta, characterized by a reduced anther
appendage, has proven to contain only seven species with 3-5
involucral bracts and an equal number of flowers in the head,
and chromosome numbers based in n=12. The genus is restricted
to Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Alomta, which
has a fully developed anther appendage, is now known to consist
of 4 species in southern Mexico, with distinctive peg-like setae
on the achene. The Brasilian species of Gardner does not fall
within either of these refined concepts.

The Gardner species is regarded here as a member of the
subtribe Ageratinae (Piquerinae) on the basis of its general
characters, but is easily excluded from Ageratum by its plane
receptacle. The shallowly pinnatifid leaf blades and greatly
expanded style branches of the Gardner species are further
distinguishing characters, and the plant in some ways resembles
members of the Adenostemmatinae. The short anther appendages
and mostly alternate leaves are useful key characters, and the
dense cover of small stipitate glands is notable, but the new
genus seems to be most technically though not very keyably
distinct from its relatives by the hairs inside the corolla on
and near the lower filaments of the anthers. These hairs- inside
the corolla are not glandular.

In preparing material for microscopic examination, the
carpopodium has seemed unusually fragile, often breaking free
from the base of the achene in pieces, and leaving a base that
seemed to lack a callus. The trait may be an artifact of pre-
servation of the particular specimen. The cells of the carpo-
podium are rather enlarged with large lumina, but have distinct-
ly thickened walls.

According to the collector, George Gardner, the species

1

bh

PaoYTOL 6G FA Vol. 49, Bewse

was collected from among limestone rocks in Goias, Brasil, near
the Villa de Arrayas. The genus is named here after the collect-
or who is especially well known for his work with the Brasilian
flora.

GARDNERINA R. M. King & H. Robinson, gen. nov. Asteracearum
(Eupatorieae).

Plantae annuae base decumbentes in caulis foliis pedicellis
et bracteis involucri dense minute stipitato-glanduliferae.
Caules flavo-virides. Folia base opposita aliter alterna anguste
longe petiolata; laminae membranaceae ovatae vel rhomboideae base
cuneatae margine repando-dentatae vel pinnatifidae apice breviter
anguste acuminatae fere ad basem trinervatae. Inflorescentiae
pauci-capitatae cymosae, pedicellis angustatis, bracteis minutis
linearibus remotis et subinvolucralibus. Involucrum late campan-
ulatum; squamae involucri 10-12 eximbricatae lanceolatae inferne
leniter bicostatae apice anguste acutae; receptacula plana glabra.
Flores 12-15 in capitulo; corollae albae? extus in tubis et basis
faucum minute stipitato-glanduliferae, tubis base latis superne
constrictis, faucibus leniter infundibularibus, lobis breviter
oblongo-triangularibus intus dense papillosis extus laevibus et
minute glandulo-punctatis, faucibus intus fere ad basem filament-
orum et in filamentis puberulis; filamenta in partibus inferior-
ibus cylindracea, cellulis subquadratis vel breviter oblongis in
parietibus dense annulate ornatis; appendices antherarum duplo
longiores quam latiores leniter bilobatae; basi stylorum glabri
vix velnon noduliferi; rami stylorum perlate clavati complanati
carnosi. Achaenia subprismatica 5-costata glabra; carpopodia
distincta subinflata, cellulis subquadratis vel rotundatis medio-
criter inflatis in parietibus distincte leniter incrassatis;
pappus nullus. Grana pollinis in diametro 21-23 pn.

Type species: Piquerta angustata Gardn.

The genus contains the single following species.

GARDNERINA ANGUSTATA (Gardn.) R.M. King & H. Robinson, comb. nov.
Piquerta angustata Gardn., Lond. J. Bot. 6: 432. 1847.

STUDIES IN THE EUPATORIEAE (ASTERACEAE). CCVII.

ADDITIONAL NEW COMBINATIONS

R. M. King and H. Robinson
Department of Botany
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., 20560.

The preparation of a nomenclator for the Eupatorieae has
shown the need for a number of combinations overlooked in the
previous studies in this series. The tranfers are validated
here with minimal notes where well-known names fall into synony-

my.

AGERATINA CARMONIS (Standl. & Steyerm.) R. M. King & H. Robinson,
comb. nov. Eupatortun carmonts Standl. & Steyerm., Publ.
field Mus. Nat. Hist. Chic. Bot. 22: 303. 1940.

AGERATINA REMYANA (Phil.) R. M. King & H. Robinson, comb. nov.
Eupatortum remyanunm Phil., Fl. Atacam. 29. 1860.

AGERATINA VISCOSSIMA (Rolfe) R. M. King & H. Robinson, comb. nov.
Eupatorium vtscossimum Rolfe, Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 39: 274.
1906.

AUSTROEUPATORIUM ROSMARINACEUM (Cabrera & Vittet) R. M. King &
H. Robinson, comb. nov. Eupatorium rosmartnacewn Cabrera
& Vittet, Sellowia’ 15; . 195... 41963.

AYAPANOPSIS OBLONGIFOLIA (Gardn.) R. M. King & H. Robinson,
comb. nov. Bolbostylis oblongtfolia Gardn., Lond. J. Bot.
me 469. 1846.

BARROSOA CONFLUENTIS (B.L.Robinson) R. M. King & H. Robinson,
comb. nov. Eupatortum confluentis B. L. Robinson, Contrib.
eray Herb. n.S. 77: Ll. 1926.

BARTLETTINA MACROMERIS (B.L.Robinson) R. M. King & H. Robinson,
comb. nov. Eupatortum macromerts B. L. Robinson, Contrib.
Gray. Herb,...n.5.~683 24... 19235

CAMPOVASSOURIA CRUCIATA (Vellozo) R. M. King & H. Robinson,
comb. nov. Chrysocoma cructata Vellozo, Fl. Flum. 306.
1825. The Vellozo name has priority for the species
commonly known as Eupatoriun bupleurtfoltun DC. The
Vellozo drawing shows the densely foliate form that is

restricted to southern Brasil.
3

4 Po 2 t- OF i OG ee VoL. 49,. Nox i

CHROMOLAENA ANGUSTICEPS (Malme) R. M. King & H. Robinson, comb.
nov. Eupatortun angusticeps Malme, Arkiv Bot. (Stockh.).
246A LO 25.0 1932:

CHROMOLAENA CALDENSIS (B.L.Robinson) R. M. King & H. Robinson,
comb. nov. Eupatortun caldense B. L. Robinson, Contrib.
Gray. Herb. mis. Fale Ful LOA,

CHROMOLAENA COSTATIPES (B.L.Robinson) R. M. King & H. Robinson,
comb. nov. Eupatortum costatipes B. L. Robinson, Contrib.
Cray Herb. 0.6, Go: 12. 1923,

CHROMOLAENA DESMOCEPHALA (B.L.Robinson) R. M. King & H. Robinson,
comb. nov. Eupatoriun desmocephalum B. L. Robinson,
Contrib. Cray Herb. nis.) 667° 14, 19235:

CHROMOLAENA FERRUGINEA R. M. King & H. Robinson, nom. nov.
Eupatorium ferrugineun Gardn., Lond. J. Bot. 6: 442. 1847.
non Labill.

CHROMOLAENA HYPODICTYA (B.L.Robinson) R. M. King & H. Robinson,
comb. nov. Eupatortum hypvodtetyon B. L. Robinson, Proc.
Bost. Soc Nat. Hist.) 3h: 250... 1904,

CHROMOLAENA MAXIMILIANIT (Schrad. ex DC.) R. M. King & H. Robin-
son, comb. nov. Eupatortun maximiltantt Schrad. ex DC.,
Frodr. 5: IMS. 1836.

CHROMOLAENA POROPHYLLOIDES (B.L.Robinson) R. M. King & H. Robin-
son, comb. nov. Eupatortumn porophylloides B. L. Robinson,
Contrib. Gray Herb. n.s. 68:29. 1923;

CHROMOLAENA RIGIDA (Swartz) R. M. King & H. Robinson, comb. nov.
Eupatortum rtgidum Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 111. 1788.

CHROMOLAENA SERRATULOIDES (H.B.K.) R. M. King & H. Robinson,
comb. nov. EZupatortum serratulotdes H.B.K., Nov. Gen. et
Sp. 42°913-ed. folio ‘1818s

CRITONIA ARACHNOIDEA (Legname) R. M. King & H. Robinson, comb.
nov. Eupatortun arachnotdeum Legname, Lilloa 35: 51. 1975.

CRITONIA MEGAPHYLLA (Baker) R. M. King & H. Robinson, comb. nov.
Eupatortum megaphyllum Baker in Martius, Fl. Bras. 6 (2):
322° 1876:

CRONQUISTIANTHUS BULLIFERUS (Blake) R. M. King & H. Robinson,
comb. nov. Eupatorium bulliferwn Blake, Rhodora 43: 558.
1941. The name was provided by Blake for Fupatoriwn
rugosum H.B.K. not Houtt.

1981 King & Robinson, Additional new combinations 5

FLEISCHMANNTA ANTIQUORUM (Standl. & Steyerm.) R. M. King & H.
Robinson, comb. nov. Eupatoriwn antiquorum Standl. &
Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Chic. Bot. 22: 302.
1940.

FLETSCHMANNIA PASTAZAE (B.L.Robinson) R. M. King & H. Robinson,
comb. nov. Hupatoritum pastazae B. L. Robinson, Biblioth.
Boe= "292" 160" HeFE )) 116s 1937.

FLEISCHMANNTA SAXORUM (Standl. & Steyerm.) R. M. King & H. Robin-
son, comb. nov. Eupatoriun saxorum Standl. & Steyerm.,
Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Chic. Bot. 23: 189. 1944.

GRAZIELTA MOLLICOMA (B.L.Robinson) R. M. King & H. Robinson,
comb. nov. Eupatortwn mollicomm B. L. Robinson, Contrib.
Stray Herb. nes. 667262 °1929-

GUAYANIA CRASSICAULIS (Steyerm.) R. M. King & H. Robinson, comb.
nov. Eupatoriwn crassicaule Steyerm., Fieldiana, Bot. 28:
e297, No.3, 1953:

HEBECLINIUM OBTUSISQUAMOSUM (Hieron. ex Sod.) R. M. King & H.
Robinson, comb. nov. Eupatoriwn obtusisquamosum Hieron. ex
Sod., Bot. Jahrb. 29: 14. 1900.

HETEROCONDYLUS ALATUS (Vellozo) R. M. King & H. Robinson, comb.
nov. Chrysocoma alata Vellozo, Fl. Flum. 313. 1825. The
Vellozo name has priority for the species commonly known as
Eupatortum vautherianum DC.

KOANOPHYLLON GRANDICEPS (Wright) R. M. King & H. Robinson, comb.
nov. Eupatortum grandiceps Wright, Anales Acad. Ci. Med.
Habana. 6: 178. 1869.” Sauvo-Fils*Gubs- 76 1873%

KOANOPHYLLON GRISEBACHTANUM (Alain) R. M. King & H. Robinson,
comb. nov. Eupatortum grtsebachianwn Alain, Candollea 17:
121. 1960. The name was provided by Alain for Eupatortum
tnetsum Griseb. not A.Rich.

KOANOPHYLLON QUISQUEYANUM (Alain) R. M. King & H. Robinson, comb.
nov. Eupatoriun quisqueyanum Alain, Moscosoa 1 (1): 48.
£976:

NEOCABRERTIA PENNIVENIA (B.L.Robinson) R. M. King & H. Robinson,
comb. nov. Symphyopappus pennivenius B. L. Robinson,
Contrib. Gray Herb. n.s. 68: 7. 1923.

PHALACRAEA LONGIPETIOLATA (B.L.Robinson) R. M. King & H. Robin-
son, comb. nov. Ptquerta longipettolata B. L. Robinson,
Proc. Amer. Acad. 437 27271907.

6 PRY TO b.0 Cute Vol. 49, No. 1

SPHAEREUPATORIUM SPHAEROCEPHALUM (Sch.Bip. ex Baker) R. M. King
& H. Robinson, comb. nov. Eupatortun sphaerocephalum Sch.
Bip. ex Baker in Martius, Fl. Bras. 6 (2): 317. 1876.

STEVIOPSIS VIGINTISETA (DC.) R. M. King & H. Robinson, comb. nov.
Stevia viginitseta DC. 4 Prod, 5: 1232,2336,

One species transferred to the tribe Inuleae also needs a new
combination:

IPHIONA RETOFRACTA (Thunb.) H. Robinson, comb. nov. Eupatoriwn
retrofractun Thunb., Prodr. Pl. Cap. 142. 1800.

STUDIES IN THE EUPATORIEAE (ASTERACEAE). CCVIII.
ADDITIONS TO BADILLOA AND BARTLETTINA FROM ECUADOR

R. M. King and H. Robinson
Department of Botany
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., 20560.

Material recently sent on loan by the New York Botanical
Garden contains specimens of one previously described species
needing a new combination and one species that is undescribed.

BADILLOA ATRESCENS (B.L.Robinson) R. M. King & H. Robinson,
comb. nov. Eupatoritun atrescens B.L.Robinson, Contrib.
Gray Herb. n.s. 77: 9. 1926. The species was originally
described as a shrub, 8 ft. tall with purple flowers from
between San Lucas and Offa in the Province of Loja, Ecuador.
When examined many years ago, the species seemed to represent an
intergeneric hybrid between Badilloa and Artstegutetia with the
essential key characters of the former. We deferred making a
combination without evidence of the existance of an established
population. The following specimen provides that evidence.
ECUADOR: Azuay-"Oriente" Border: Eastern Cordillera, between Ofia
and the rfo Yacuambi. West slope, 8,000-9,500 ft. elev. Vine.
Leaves deep green above, pale below. Bracts green suffused with
reddish purple. Base of corolla cream; upper part of tube, lobes
and style branches dull lavender-purple. Sept. 10-19, 1945.
F. Prieto P-213.

BARTLETTINA CAMPII R.M.King & H.Robinson, sp. nov.

Plantae scandentes 5 m longae mediocriter ramosae. Caules
pallide brunnescentes subhexagonales dense grosse hirsuti. Folia
opposita, petiolis 1.5-4.5 cm longis; laminae triangulares plerum-
que 4-10 cm longae et 3-7 cm latae base valde cordatae margine
multo crenato-dentatae apice breviter anguste acuminatae supra
ubiquiter pilosae subtus plerumque in nervis prominule reticula-
tis pilosae ad basem distincte trinervatae. Inflorescentiae late
laxe pyramidaliter paniculatae in ramis distalis congestae, ramis
ultimis 2-11 mm longis hirsutis. Capitula late campanulata 8-10
mm alta et 6-10 mm lata; squamae involucri ca. 50 distincte sub-
imbricatae valde inaequilongae ca. 4-seriatae ovatae vel lineari-
lanceolatae 2-6 mm longae et 0.3-1.3 mm latae late vel anguste
acutae margine puberulo-fimbriatae extus puberulae vel glabrae
2-4-costatae; receptacula leniter convexa sparse pilosula.

Flores ca. 40 in capitulo; corollae purpureae ca. 5.0-5.5 mm
longae extus glabrae, tubis cylindraceis ca. 3 mm longis, fauc-
ibus infundibularibus ca. 2 mm longis, lobis triangularibus ca.
0.5 mm longis et base 0.4-0.5 mm latis utrinque laevibus; fila-
menta in parte superiore ca. 0.5 mm longa, cellulis plerumque

7

8 Pen YT Ob OG be Vol. 49, No. 1

breviter oblongis in parietibus distincte annulate ornatis;
thecae antherarum ca. 1.3 mm longae; appendices antherarum ovatae
ca. 0.23 mm longae et 0.18 mm latae; rami stylorum vix mamillosi.
Achaenia 2.5-3.0 mm longa glabra vel superne perpauce setulifera;
carpopodia ca. 0.05 mm alta et 0.25-0.35 mm lata in costis vix
procurrentia; setae pappi ca. 40-45 plerumque 4.5-5.0 mm longae
apice non latiores, cellulis apicalibus breviter acutis. Grana
pollinis in diametro ca. 23 pm.

TYPE: ECUADOR: Santiago-Zamora ("Oriente"): Eastern slopes
of the cordillera, valley of the Rfo Negro, down to the Rfo
Pailas (on the trail to Mendez). 6000-7500 ft. Vine 5 m.

Leaves deep green, very nitid above. Pubescence deep purple.
Lower bracts purplish, upper dark green. Corolla deep magenta-
purple. Style branches salmon-pink. Anthers pale brown. Pappus
white. Aug. 20-24, 1945. Collected by Francisco Prieto, Camp
E-4935 (Holotype, NY).

Bartlettina camptt is another in the growing number of
cordate-leaved members of the genus known from northern South
America. The species seems closest to B. cleefit K. & R. of
northern Colombia, but the latter has more ovate shorter-tipped
leaves and a denser inflorescence with smaller heads containing
only about 25 flowers. ;

1981 King & Robinson, Additions from Ecuador 9

Bartlettina campit R. M. King & H. Robinson, Holotype, New
York Botanical Garden. Photos by Victor E. Krantz, Staff Photo-
grapher, National Museum of Natural History.

STUDIES IN THE HELIANTHEAE (ASTERACEAE). XXVIII.

ADDITIONS TO CALEA AND ICHTHYOTHERE FROM BRASIL.

Harold Robinson
Department of Botany
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., 20560.

In the last few years, a number of species have been describ-
ed from Brasil in the genera Calea (Robinson,1979a,b,1980b, Santos,
1980) and Ichthyothere (Robinson, 1980a). Nevertheless, recent
collections contain material of a further undescribed species in
each of these genera.

CALEA BISHOPII H.Robinson, sp. nov.

Plantae herbaceae erectae ad o.5 m altae mediocriter ramosae
in caulis foliis et involucris glabrae. Caules atro-brunnescent-
es teretes subtiliter costati. Folia opposita filiformia 2-3 cm
longa et ca. 0.5 mm lata sessilia integra. Inflorescentiae in
ramis terminales in pedunculis elongatis unicapitatae. Capitula
heterogama; invoclucra campanulata ca. 8 mm alta et 6-7 m lata;
squamae involucri ca. 10 subimbricatae ca. 3-seriatae inaequales
rufo-brunnescentes oblongae 3-7 mm longae et 2.0-2.5 mm lata
apice rotundatae margine minute puberulo-fimbriatae extus multo
striatae. Flores radii 5-6; corollae flavae glabrae, tubis ca.
2 mm longae, limbis ca. 7 mm longae et 3 mm latae. Flores disci
ca. 7-8; corollae sordido-flavae ca. 5 mm longae glabrae, tubis
ca. 1.2 mm longis, faucibus anguste campanulatis ca. 2.2 mm
longis, lobis oblongo-triangularibus ca. 1.2 mm longis et base
0.8 mm latis; filamenta in parte superiore ca. 0.3 mm longa;
thecae ca. 2 mm longae; appendices antherarum ovatae ca. 0.3 mm
longae et latae; basi stylorum leniter noduliferi, rami stylorum
senecioniformes. Achaenia prismatica ca. 3.3 mm longa base
breviter angustiora superne setulifera, setis recte biseriatis;
Squamae pappi ca. 9 lanceolatae 3.0-3.5 mm longae extus plerum-
que laeves. Grana pollinis in diametro ca. 33-35 pm.

TYPE: BRASIL: Minas Gerais: 10 km S of Diamantina from road
to 8 km W. Elev. 3600-4000 feet. - Flowers yellow, rare‘in
pasture. Jan. 18, 1981. King & Btshop 8551 (Holotype, UB;
isotype, US).

The new species seems most closely related to Calea
kirkbridet H.Robins. also of Minas Gerais, but the latter has
broader linear leaves, scabrid peduncles, and heads with more
numerous parts, up to 15 involucral bracts, ca. 8 ray flowers
and ca. 20 disk flowers (Robinson, 1979a).

Calea heringert is the correct spelling the species recently
described with an extra "2" in Phytologia 47 (3): 261. 1980.
10

1981 Robinson, Additions from Brasil 11

ICHTHYOTHERE DAVIDSEI H.Robinson, sp. nov.

Plantae herbaceae erectae ca. 0.8 m altae mediocriter
ramosae. Caules sordidovirides subteretes striati pilosi. Folia
opposita elliptica plerumque 5-14 cm longa et 1.5-5.0 cm lata
base et apice acuminata base subpetioliformia margine integra vel
subintegra utrinque plerumque in nervis et marginis pilosa subtus
leniter pallidiora glandulo-punctata supra basem valde trinervata,
nervis secundariis valde ascendentibus ad marginem subparallelis.
Inflorescentiae in ramis terminales in glomerulis pauci-capitatis
aggregatae foliatae. Capitula sessilia vel subsessilia 5-8 mm
alta et 4-5 mm lata; squamae exteriores femineae ca. 2 in capit-
ulo late ellipticae vel orbiculares 4-5 mm longae et ca. 3 mm
latae extus pilosae subtiliter multi-costatae; squamae interiores
masculi (paleae) ca. 30 oblongae ca. 3 mm longae et 2 m latae
late bicostatae. Corollae femineae tubiformes ca. 1 mm longae
minute 5-lobatae supra medio puberuli, pilis biseriatis glandul-
iferis et non glanduliferis, glandulis non incrassatis. Corollae
masculae albae infundibulares ca. 3 mm longae, faucibus in nervis
mediocriter incrassatis, lobis triangularibus ca. 0.6 mm longis
et 0.5 mm latis superne glandulo-punctatis; filamenta in parte
Superiore ca. 0.25 mm longa; thecae ca. 1 mm longae;: appendices
antherarum ca. 0.15 mm longae et 0.12 mm latae extus pauce gland-
uliferae. Achaenia feminea obprismatica ca. 4 mm longa subtil-
iter 4-angulata laevia vel extus pustulata. Grana pollinis in
diametro ca. 25 pm.

TYPE: BRASIL: Parad: Municipio concei¢ao do Araguaia. Range
of low hills ca. 20 km west of Redengdo, near Cérrego S80 Joao
and Troncamento Santa Teresa. Approx. 8°03'S., 50°10'W. Alt.
350-620 m. Erect herb on open rock outcrop on steep hillside.
Florets white. T.Plowman, G.Davidse, WN.A.Rosa, C.S.Rosarto &
M.R.dos Santos 8511 (Holotype, MG; Isotypes, NY, US). PARATYPE:
BRASIL: Parad: Municipio ConceigHo do Araguaia. Range of low
hills ca. 20 km west of RedencHo, near C6rrego SH%o0 Jodo and
Troncamento Santa Teresa. Approx. 8°903'S., 50°10'W. alt. 350-
620 m. Herb 0.8 m tall in moist crack in exposed rock outcrop on
mountain top. Florets white. Plowman, Davidse et al. 8795
(NY).

The new species seems closest to Ichthyothere pettolata
H.Robins. from Rondénia in Brasil. The latter, however, is more
distinctly petiolate, has serrulate leaf margins, has only one
female flower per head, and has only a few large subsessile
glands at the apex of the corolla of the female flower. In the
new species the corolla of the female flower has many long hairs
in the upper half with the cells biseriate. The hairs are either
with or without glandular tips, and the gland tip, when present,
is not enlarged.

Literature Cited

Robinson, H. 1979a. Studies in the Heliantheae (Asteraceae).

12 P RYE PO's fe Vol. 49, No. 1

XIX. Four new species of Calea from Brasil. Phytologia
44 (4): 270-279.

Robinson, H. 1979b. Studies in the Heliantheae (Asteraceae).
XXII. Two new species of Calea from Brasil. Phytologia
44 (7): 436-441.

1980a. Studies in the Heliantheae (Asteraceae). XXVI.
New species of Ichthyothere. Phytologia 47 (2): 128-134.

1980b. Studies in the Heliantheae (Asteraceae). XXVII.
A new species of Calea from Brasil. Phytologia 47 (3): 261-
264.

Santos, Joao Ubiratan Moreira dos 1980. Calea graztelae
J. U. Santos uma nova especie de Composttae para Minas
Gerais. Bradea 3 (16): 119-122.

1987 i
Robinson, Additions from Brasil 13

PLANTAE BRASILIANAE
REGALES ET EPISCOPALES

a ts x
&,
speramen testefinatcti tadagreire a
tum cviniagienm ot 2a! hieviereeam M
ugueRes How specimen ist
makns primum cornditum ext

Pata ° .
Herbario Universidade

Calea bishopit H. Robinson, Holotype,
Staff Photographer,

Photos by Victor E. Krantz,

de Brasilia.
tural History.

National Museum of Na

14 Pye le ty Eve 7 Oy Gr iek Vol. 49, No.

PSs Poeg

Iechthyothere davidset H. Robinson, Isotype, United States
National Herbarium.

1981 Robinson, Additions from Brasil

Enlargements of heads. Top: Calea bishoptt.
Iechthyothere davidset.

Bottom:

15

LOASACEAE OF THE CHIHUAHUAN DESERT REGION

Henry J. Thompson and A. Michael Powell

Department of Biology, University of California, Los Angeles,
California, 90024 and Department of Biology,
Sul Ross State University,
Alpine, Texas 79830.

The Chihuahuan Desert (CD) has been known to contain several
species of Loasaceae that appear to be pivotal to understanding
relationships among their near relatives from regions to the north
and west. Previously these CD species have been represented only
by scanty specimens, insufficient in detail to be useful in
systematic studies. The project to produce a flora of the CD
(Chihuahuan Desert Flora, M.C. Johnston and J. Henrickson, in
preparation) has produced such excellent and critical collections
of Loasaceae that we have not only been able to write a sound
treatment of the family for the flora but also can now extend the
earlier work on Eucnide (Thompson and Ernst, 1967) and clarify
relationships within two taxonomically difficult species groups
of Mentzelia; sect. Mentzelia and sect. Bartonia. Chromosome
numbers are reported for 3/7 populations of 1l species, of which
seven species were previously unknown cytologically. Distribu-
tions of CD endemics are given in detail and one new species of
Eucnide is described. Voucher specimens are filed in the herbaria
of the University of Texas (TEX), Sul Ross State University
(SRSC), and the University of California, Los Angeles (LA).
Chromosome counts have been made from aceto-carmine squashes of
microsporocytes in meiosis. We are grateful to Marshall Johnston,
James Henrickson, Jim Weedin, and Donald Pinkava for the oppor-
tunity to study their collections of Loasaceae from the Chihuahuan
Desert Region (CDR).

EUCNIDE:- The most recent reviews of this genus (Waterfall,
1959; Thompson and Ernst, 1967) had no specimens of Eucnide from
Durango and very little material from western Coahuila, so both
treatments failed to understand and recognize E. floribunda S.
Watson, placing it as a synonym of E. lobata (Hook.) A. Gray.
Recent collections include a new species of Eucnide from Durango
and provide abundant material of E. floribunda so that it can be
recognized as a distinct endemic of the CD.

EUCNIDE DURANGENSIS Thompson and Powell

Herbae perennes. Laminae foliorum 4-7 cm longae late ovatae
vel suborbiculares cordatae breve lobatae dense pubescentes
margine dentatae. Inflorescentiae pauci- vel multiflorae;

16

1981 Thompson & Powell, Loasaceae of Chihnuahuan Desert 17

corolla alba lobis effusis 12-16 mm longis; antherae excerae
aureae conspicuae, stigma 1-2 mm longa. Fructus hemisphaericus

vel oblongus 8-12 mm longus, pedicelli per anthesis ad 2 cm longi
demum ad 5 cm longi.

Plants herbaceous perennials, up to 0.7 m tall and lam
across, pubescent with simple, smooth, needle-like hairs up to 2
mm long and with shorter, reflexly barbed hairs up to 1 mm long;
leaf blades rounded to broadly ovate, the largest 5-7 cm in dia-
meter, cordate at base, irregularly and shallowly lobed, the
petioles about as long as the blades; calyx lobes lanceolate, 5-7
mm long; petals white, yellow at base, ovate, 16-18 mm long, 10
mm wide, fused to the very short filament tube, the petals spread-
ing at anthesis; stamens about 50, golden yellow, the filaments
12-14 mm long, all of those in a flower about the same length, the
anthers about 1 mm long; style and stigma 11-13 mm long, the
stigma up to 2 mm long; capsule ovate-oblong, 7-10 mm long, about
4-5 mm wide, pedicels up to 2 cm long in flower and elongating to
be twice as long in fruit; seeds oblong, about 0.5 mm long,
longitudinally ribbed; chromosome number n=21.

Holotype: James Henrickson 12405, MEXICO. Durango, ca. 14
air mi WSW of Torredn, 2 mi W of Hwy 40, in lower canyon on open
vertical limestone cliff, 3800 ft., on road to Microondas Est.

Sapioris. Near Lat. 250 18' N, Long. 1030 43' W. 14 Aug
1973 (TEX, isotype LA).

Additional collections examined: MEXICO. DURANGO. 12 mi S
of Rodeo in igneous roadcut on steep grade of Highway 45, 15 Aug
1967, Sikes and Babcock 366 (TEX); 14.7 mi S of Rodeo, McGill,
Brown, Pinkava 9343 (ASU); Estacion Microondas "Sapioris" ca. 30
km SW of Gomez Palacio on highway towards Durango. Lat. 250
24' 30" N; Long. 1030 43' W, elevation 1400-1500 m, 25 Mar
1973, Johnston, Wendt, Chiang 10417. COAHUILA. ca. 27 (air) mi
SE of Torreén, 9.6 (road) miles SW of La Rosita, Sierra de
Himilco, 5700 ft, near Lat. 259 12' N; Long. 1039 16' W,
Henrickson 13223b (LA, TEX).

Eucnide durangensis is known from elevations of 1200 to 1700
m, growing on limestone cliffs or igneus roadcuts with Larrea,
Fouquieria splendens, Agave lechequilla and A. falcata. It
flowers in March, August and September, apparently whenever rains
are favorable.

Eucnide durangensis is most similar to E. lobata and E.
floribunda but is distinct in having the petals white and the
base of the petals and the stamens, thus the center of the
flower, golden yellow. The bases of the petals are narrow and
thus do not overlap. In E. lobata and E. floribunda the entire
corolla and androecium are golden yellow and the petals are broad
and overlapping at the base. Eucnide floribunda is distinctive
in this group by its nearly entire, sparcely pubescent leaves and

18

Ph LT Ov Oneur rn
Vol. 49, Was it

EUCNIDE . mb, Pied eo
“ of , /
© lobata ith, Beg bance Tayi’ One,
X floribunda c foes «ae
! a
!
@ durangensis Ss

Distribution of Eucnide lobata, E. floribunda, and E.
The solid line showing the q the approximate Timit of the
fter M.C. Johnston 1977.

Figure l.

durangensis.
Chihuahuan Desert is a

Thomson & Powell, Loasaceae of Chihuahuan Desert 19

1981

-=— - =

|
un

oligosperma

pachyrhiza

lindheimeri

. Drawings of the seeds of Menzelia oligosperma, M.

Figure 2

lindheimeri.

achyrhiza, and M.

Vol. 49, No. 1

Pe YA TAG br Oc bei s

20

: a
4
; r
; Xa
’
t
of
*
xy
a
4
X
MENTZELIA
nf Pes
@ pachyrhiza r 93°
x oligosperma TEMS cs igs eee

Figure 3. Distribution of Mentzelia pachyrhiza and the southern
portion of the distribution of M. oligosperma.

1981

/solata aspera

asperu/a

Figure 4.

Thompson & Powell, Loasaceae of Chihuahuan Desert 21

iss

‘y
x ann ns Sis SAS HH
SS a

x

2 -
an Ta cena
Sta S—— r'

<b ae
< Ny
\ See
LS Rit he
_ = ) }
=

50 mm

Morphological features of Mentzelia aspera, M.

isolata, and M. asperula. Left to right the drawings are:
uppermost and lowermost seed in capsule; mature capsule; outer
and next inner stames; cauline leaves.

pes

PH Xe OCD OU a. Foe

4 a7
\ ‘
’ oS
\ ® “AS ‘
‘ cae -,
fe
1? \® ' fe
t sa '
; ‘i /
? a 4
e. ! tik
= ) aN, /
= is /
¢ ‘ -
4a Ag Me 2
1 ¢
a v7 23
o \
= ‘ Zs a ol
Set - BN en i
= 1
MENTZELIA ene
ce ‘
2 ee:
asperula . ao
© Pp Sas t
{ ~ TA Ions 1
1 Pea \’ a ~
x isolata ae A a
0 1 oF,
nF ae is eo ,@/ :
\ =
© aspera i:

Figure 5.

Distribution of Mentzelia asperula, M. isolata, and
the northern portion of the distribution of M. aspera.

1981 Thompson & Powell , Loasaceae of Chihuahuan Desert 23

long (3 mm) stigma. In both E. lobata and E. durangensis the
leaves are densely pubescent and shallowly lobed, and the lobes
are coarsely dentate. Recent collections, particularly those of
Pinkava from the Cuatro Cienegas area, confirm the morphological
and geographical distinctness of E. floribunda and confirm the
wisdom of Watson who considered it to resemble, but to be distinct
from, E. lobata.

Eucnide durangensis and E. floribunda are species of the CD
while the closely related E. lobata occurs on the eastern boundary
of the desert and extends southward along the eastern slope of the
Sierra Madre Occidental from Monclova, Coahuila to Puebla (fig.
1). These three closely related species are allopatric, but the
ranges of E. floribunda and E. lobata converge in the area between
Monclova and Cuatro Cienegas. Collections in this region should
be critical to the question of the genetic distinctiveness of
these two species.

Eucnide floribunda S. Wats. was described from the collection
Edward Palmer 832 and the locality given as "San Lorenzo de
Laguna, 75 miles southwest of Parras." The direction given is
incorrect, for McVaugh (1956) has shown that Palmer traveled
northwest, not southwest, out of Parras and reached as far north
as Acatita (Lat. 269 30' N). Modern collections place the
southern limit of E. floribunda in this area and it would have
been here that Palmer collected his specimen.

We have grown one individual of E. durangensis (Thompson
77003) from seeds taken from Johnston et al. 10417. Numerous
microsporocytes of this plant were observed to have 21 pairs of
chromosomes. This plant was crossed with E. lobata as follows:
lobata (T 3298) original seed from Waterfall 1532 (F) Monterrey
female X durangensis (T 77003) male. Only one Fy individual was
grown to maturity. This plant (T 78002) was intermediate with
pale cream corollas most similar to the pollen parent and very
different from the golden yellow corollas of the seed parent.
This hybrid grew vigorously but set no seeds when selfed nor when
backcrossed with lobata pollen. Chromosome pairing could not be
analyzed in detail because the chromosomes were "STICKY ..0Ub
pairing was not regular and univalents were observed in many
cells. Less than 1% of the pollen of this hybrid stained with
cotton-blue in lacto-phenol and there was much micropollen. We
interpret the sterility of this Fy hybrid to support the
specific distinctness of E. durangensis and E. lobata.

————

MENTZELIA sect. MENTZELIA: Mentzelia pachyrhiza I. M.
Johnston is an endemic of the CD, morphologically similar to M.
oligosperma Sims to the north and M. grisebachii U. and Ger
Argentina. These three species are distinct from the other
species of the section by having woody, cylindrical, sessile
capsules with only 2-3 seeds. The shape and surface texture of
the seeds of these three species also separate them from the other

24 Pe ee Ls Oe ne oe Vol. 49, No. 1

} 1
0,0 °
O O -
010 % . O
'O OPp \O
00 0% YO
O'O te Be
O (0 Oo O
ee
om
\
: Oo
H Oo
;
(
mee
\
‘ s:
aes \
Peas. 1
ya \ ! |
ae ; ier
Fag ¢ ‘
= ) 1
7% 7 &
-
MENTZELIA a

\
oO multiflora be
bata ee
X saxicola
pein 2a
. Fas F y,
@ mexicana peony y
te Scateg \

Figure 6. Distribution of Mentzelia saxicola and M. mexicana and
the southeastern portion of the distribution of M. multiflora.

1981 Thompson & Powell, Loasaceae of Chihuahuan Desert 25

multiflora mexicana

saxicola

seed coat
cells

0.05 mm

cauline

leaves

Figure 7. The morphological differences between Mentzelia
multiflora, M. mexicana, and M. saxicola. The drawings of cells

of the seed coats are tracings from SEM photographs made at 480X.

26 PH YateO i. Oic, Tk Vol. 49, No. 1

species of the section. Most of the species of sect. Mentzelia
ae seeds very similar to those of M. lindheimeri while seeds of
oligosperma are unique in the genus in having parallel sides
=r lacking the prominent papillae. The seeds of M. pachyrhiza
and M. grisebachii are intermediate between M. oligosperma and M.
lindheimeri in shape and surface but are distinctive in having
prominant, transverse folds (fig. 2). The thick roots of M.
pachyrhiza, emphasized in the original description, are not a
distinguishing characteristic, for such roots are present in most,
probably all, of the perennial species of this section.

Mentzelia oligosperma, M. pachyrhiza, and M. grisebachii are
all n=1l1, the only known occurrence of this chromosome number in
sect. Mentzelia. The chromosome number of M. oligosperma was
reported as n=1l1 (Thompson and Ernst, 1963) and we now report
these additional counts; all n=1l: TEXAS. Bexar Co.: Alamo
Heights, Weedin 864 (SRSC): Brewster Co.: Pine Canyon, Big Bend
Nat'l. Park, Powell, Powell, Weedin, Campbell 3233 (SRSC); anes
Weedin 907 (SRSC); Glass Mt. Powell 3329 (SRSC). Culberson Co.
Panther Ca Canyon Apache Mts., Powell 3376 6 (SRSG); iTerrell Co.

44 mi S of Sheffield, Powell 2762 (SRSC). A specimen of M.
grisebachii (Turner 9208, ARGENTINA. Prov. Catamarca, TEX) has
been annotated oy John Bacon as having n=1l. We now report the
first counts of M. pachyrhiza, all n=1l: TEXAS. Brester Co.:
near Lajitas, Powell 2393 (SRSC); Big Bend Nat'l. Park near west
entrance, Thompson 3727 27. (LA). Presidio Co.:° 13 mi Sof Redford,
Powell, Powell, Weedin 2869 (SRSC).

Mentzelia oligosperma and M. pachyrhiza occur in different
geographic areas as shown by the map in fig. 3 and where their
ranges come together they occur in different habitats at different
elevations. Mentzelia oligosperma grows with Larrea at only a few
stations, as in Terrell Co., Texas, 6.7 mi E of Sanderson, Raven
and Gregory 19201 (LA), but in west Texas and southwest New Mexico
it occurs in juniper woodland, above the Larrea zone. In the Big
Bend region of West Texas, where M. oligosperma and M. pachyrhiza
occur in the same geographic region, the two species are separated
in elevation with only M. pachyrhiza occurring with Larrea, usual-
ly below 1100 m and well below the juniper zone. Mentzelia
pachyrhiza extends south in the CD to Lat. 25° N, growing at
elevations between 775 and 1300 m with Larrea and Fouquieria.

In addition to the geographic, habitat, and seed differences
between M. oligosperma and M. pachyrhiza the two species are
different in petiole length and flower size. The leaves of M.

oligosperma are sessile whereas those of M. pachyrhiza have
petioles about 5 mm long. Flower size can be conveniently
represented by one dimension, length of the outer filaments. In
M. oligosperma flower size is uniform throughout its range with
outer filaments 8-9.5 mm long. In M. pachyrhiza there is a
gradient in flower size, with the smallest flowers (outer
filaments 6-7 mm long) in the north and the largest flowers

1981 Thompson & Powell, Loasaceae of Chihuahuan Desert 27

(outer filaments 8-9 mm long) in the south. Thus in the region

of overlap, M. oligosperma and M. pachyrhiza differ in flower
size, with M. oligosperma having the larger flowers.

We have seen very little material of the South American M.
grisebachii but it is in all respects very similar to M.
pachyrhiza. In addition to the morphological similarities the two
species are both associates of Larrea divaricata in desert
habitats and the two species appear to add another example to the
biogeographic pattern exemplified by Larrea divaricata, Mentzelia
albescens, etc. (Raven, 1963).

Whereas most species of Mentzelia sect. Mentzelia are
herbaceous perennials there are three summer annual species in the
section, one of which, M. asperula Wooton and Standley occurs in
and around the CD region. Because its two close relatives, M.
aspera L. and M. isolata Gentry have been confused with M.
asperula we have studied all three species to determine the status
of the CD region plants. Mentzelia aspera is a widespread tropi-
cal weed and M. isolata occurs in the mountains between the CD and
the Sonoran Desert. The three species occur together in only one
geographic area, southeastern Arizona, where their sympatry has
led to taxonomic confusion but provides an opportunity to deter-
mine the distinctiveness of the three species. All three species
have small flowers, the petals 7-9 mm long and the longest fila-
ments 5-6 mm long. We have grown collections of each species and
find all self-pollinating and self-compatible.

The morphological differences between M. asperula, M. aspera,
and M. isolata are in the leaves, outer filaments, capsules and
seeds. The differences are shown in fig. 4, to which comments on
the relationship between seed shape and position in the capsule
and the number of seeds per capsule must be added. In M. asperula
all of the seeds in a capsule are similar in shape to each other
and to the seeds of most species of sect. Mentzelia (except M.
oligosperma, M. pachyrhiza, and M. grisebachii). In M. aspera,
on the other hand, the uppermost and lowermost seeds in a capsule
differ in shape as shown in fig. 4. The shape of the lowermost
seed appears to be determined by its confinement in the very
narrow, somewhat woody base of the capsule. This condition in M.
isolata is intermediate between M. asperula and M. aspera in that
the lowermost seed is only slightly different from the uppermost
and the capsule base is more rounded and less woody than in M.
aspera. The seeds from the upper portion of the capsule of M.
isolata are indistinguishable in shape from the seeds of M.
asperula. In M. asperula and M. isolata there are 8-12 seeds per
capsule whereas in M. aspera there are only 5-6 seeds per capsule.
The lowermost seeds in the woody basal portion of the capsule of
M. aspera are similar to the seeds of M. oligosperma where there
are only 2-3 seeds in an entirely woody capsule. Thus the unusual
seeds and capsules of M. oligosperma are connected by a series

28 PHY, T OTh OGxb & Vol. 49, No. 1

with the general seed and capsule state characteristic of most
species in sect. Mentzelia.

The geographic distributions of M. asperula and M. isolata
and the northern portion of the range of M. aspera are shown in
fig. 5. The northern station for M. aspera is in the Nogales area
of southeastern Arizona where it occurs in moist sites at the
lower elevations. We have determined the chromosome number of M.

aspera as n=l0 from material collected Ns ECUADOR, Galapagos
Islands, Academy Bay, Isla Santa Cruz, Wiggins 18336 (LA, CAS).

Mentzelia isolata Gentry was described from a single collec-
tion, MEXICO, Sierra Surotato, Sinaloa, Gentry 6577 and has not
been studied since the original description. It is now apparent
that this species should include the narrow-leaved annuals in
eer ated rene, which have previously been identified as
either M. aspera or M. asperula and have caused a confusion of
those two very distinct species. Mentzelia isolata occurs only
in the mountains south of the Cochise filter barrier (Morafka,
1977) between the Sonoran and Chihuahuan deserts. We have not had
the opportunity to observe M. isolata and M. aspera where they
occur at the same collection localities such as at Patagonia,
Arizona. Mentzelia isolata usually occurs below 1500 m, often
with oaks but usually below junipers and pines. We have determin-
ed the chromosome number of M. isolata as n=10: ARIZONA,
Patagonia, garden voucher specimen Thompson 3646 (LA) grown from
seeds of a collection T. Zavortink s.n., 21 Sep 1970 (LA).

Mentzelia asperula usually occurs above 1300 m, usually with
junipers and pines. In southeastern Arizona, where the distribu-
tions of M. asperula and M. isolata overlap the two species are
separated by elevation with M. M. asperula a above M. isolata. We have
determined the chromosome numbers of plants from three populations
of M. asperula. Two populations in the northwest portion of its
range are both n=20: ARIZONA. Cochise Co.: N end of Mule Pass
Tunnel, just N of Bisbee, Thompson 3724 (LA); and TEXAS. Jeff
Davis Co: 13 mi N of Alpine, Thompson 3724 (LA). The third
population of M. asperula, in the south-central portion of the
range is n=10: ZACATECAS. 24 mi NE of Concepcion del Oro,
garden voucher Thompson 3738 (LA) grown from seed collected by
James Henrickson, 9 Dec 1975, a recollection of Henrickson 6265
(LA, TEX). We are unable to detect morphological differences —
between our known diploid and tetrapoid voucher specimens that
will separate the other collection into two groups. Where the
ranges of the very similar species M. asperula and M. isolata
overlap they have different chromosome numbers.

Mentzelia lindheimeri Urban and Gilg is an herbaceous
perennial with an enlarged root and elongated stems that are
often scandent in shrubs when they may be up to 2m long. The
flowers are medium in size for sect. Mentzelia with the petals
9-12 mm long. The longest stamens are 9-10 mm long and the stigma

1981 Thompson & Powell, Loasaceae of Chihuahuan Desert 29

is only 1 mm above the anthers. The flowers open soon after sun-
rise and close at midday.

We have determined chromosome numbers of n=10 in two popula-
tions of M. lindheimeri: TEXAS. Presidio Co.: plants grown from
tubers collected on Chianti Peak, 6000-6500 ft, Butterwick and
Lott 3914 (LA, SRSC); Jeff Davis Co.: plants grown from seed —
collected along Limpia Creek, just N of Fort Davis, 4900 ft,
Thompson 3722 (LA, SRSC). The Fort Davis plants were self-
compatible and self-pollinating, setting seed when left undisturb-
ed in an insect-free screenhouse. In the natural population the
plants were growing in a small flood-plain of Limpia Creek in very
deep, sandy loam and in riparian vegetation with Salix, Populus,
Juglans and often scandent in Baccharis glutinosa. No individuals
of M. lindheimeri were found on adjacent dry slopes with
Juniperus, Yucca, and Opuntia but the annual, M. asperula was
encountered in this habitat. Mentzelia lindhneimeri is abundant
in eastern Texas, where its preferred habitat is more widespread,
and ranges to west Texas and Cochise Co., southeastern Arizona.

In the west it usually occurs at elevations above 1500 m.

Mentzelia hispida Willd. is an herbaceous perennial with an
enlarged root and the largest flowers in sect. Mentzelia, with
petals often 30 mm long. The stamens are in two distinct series,
the outer 10 up to 25 mm long and the cluster of inner stamens
about 10 mm long. The style is long, positioning the stigma above
the longest stamens. We have determined the chromosome number as
n=10 from one collection: MEXICO, HIDALGO, 5 mi NE of Buena Vista
on road from Pachuca to Mezquititlan, 1350 m, garden voucher spe-
cimen Thompson 3389 (LA) grown from seed of the collection
Breedlove 7204 (LA). The garden plants of this collection were
self-incompatible and the flower opened soon after sunrise and
closed about midday. These garden plants were visited and polli-
nated by a bumble bee (Bombus sp.). Mentzelia hispida ranges more
or less continuously from southern Chihuahua to Oaxaca, usually
above 1200 m elevation. It has been collected at outlying
stations in northeastern Sonora (White 4654, ARIZ) and in south-
western New Mexico (Corodado (sic) Nat'l. Forest, north of Animas,
Goodding s.n., 18 Sep 1937, ARIZ). The locality as given is pro-
bably in error because Colorado Nat'l. Forest is south of Animas.

MENTZELIA section BARTONIA:-- This section is taxonomically
the most difficult group in Mentzelia. All of its 40 species
occur in the United States, a few of them range into Mexico and
one, M. albescens (Gill. and Arn.) Griseb. is amphitropical,
occurring also in Argentina and Chile. Two species of this sec-
tion, M. mexicana Thomps. and Zavor. and M. saxicola Thomps. and
Zavor., are endemic to the CD. They have been known from rela-
tively few collections and these have been confused with the wide-
spread M. multiflora (Nutt.) Gray. New collections have added
greatly to our understanding of these three species in the CDR.

30 Pia -T O4 OES Vol. 49, No. 1

Mentzelia multiflora is geographically and ecologically the
most widespread species and it is also morphologically the most
variable. It ranges from Wyoming in the north and the northern
Sonoran Desert in the west into the CDR as far south as Lat. 2/0
in Coahuila near the Chihuahuan border. A chromosome number of
n=9 has been determined for many populations, some reported from
the northern portion of the range (Thompson, 1963), and now n=9
is reported from the following populations in the southeastern
range of the species: TEXAS. £1 Paso Co.: Hueco Tanks State
Park, Powell and Powell 3001 (SRSC). Presidio Co.: upper Pinto
Canyon, Weedin 310 (SRSC); near Presidio, Thompson 3745 (LA).
Hudsbeth Co.: (Dell City, Powell, Powell and Weedin 2847 (SRSC).
Jeff Davis Co.: jct. Hwys. 118N and 1837, Weedin 333 (SRSC).

Ward Co.: sen Thompson 2088 (LA). CHIHUA HUA. E71 en
Thompson 3732 (LA).

In the CDR, M. multiflora occurs above 1400 m with only
occasional stations at lower elevations. Along the Rio Grande M.
multiflora ranges downriver as far as Presidio, elevation 800 m,
where it may be a waif. Thus M. multiflora occurs in the northern
and higher margins of the CD, but in the central portion of the
desert it is replaced geo raphically by the gypsum endemics, M.
mexicana and M. saxicola (Fig. 6).

Mentzelia saxicola occurs at elevations between 800 and 1900
m and M. mexicana between 600 and 1300 m. The co-occurrence of
these two species with M. multiflora is less than suggested by
general geographical and elevational ranges for in specific areas
M. saxicola and M. mexicana occur below M. multiflora, although
the elevation of the turnover point varies with latitude, rain-
fall, and exposure. Mentzelia saxicola and M. multiflora occa-
Sionally occur as adjacent populations but we know of no such
occurrence of M. multiflora with M. mexicana.

Some of the differences between these three CDR species of

Mentzelia sect. Bartonia are presented in fig. 7. Observations
of individual cells of the seed coats of these species made at a
magnification of 200X with a compound light microscope show M.
saxicola and M. mexicana to be very similar to each other but very

different from M. multiflora. These cells in M. multiflora are
uke as large as in M. in M. saxicola and M. mexicana. The common
(radial) walls of adjacent cells are sinuous in M. multiflora and
the raised, central portion of the outer surface wall has numerous
small, irregularly shaped papillae. In M. mexicana and M.
saxicola the common walls of adjacent cells are straight and there
are only 3-5 large papillae. When viewed with a hand lens (15X)
the seeds of M. multiflora appear rough or papillose while those
of M. mexicana and M. saxicola appear relatively smooth. The
branching pattern differences between these three species are very
conspicuous in plants flowering for the first time, that is,
having just bolted from the primary rosette. Mentzelia multiflora
is erect, usually over 0.5 m tall and often reaching a height of

1981 Thompson & Powell, Loasaceae of Chihuahuan Desert 31

1.0 m and branches only in the upper half of the main axis. Both
M. saxicola and M. mexicana are rounded in outline, usually less
than 0.3 m tall and branch from the base of the main axis. In
subsequent years of flowering in these short-lived, herbaceous
perennials the branching patterns are less distinctive, varying
with the number of secondary inflorescences and the general vigor
of the plant. Some individuals of M. multiflora when flowering
for the second time may produce several small, lateral rosettes
and from them bolt short flowering branches and thus be low and
compact and similar to M. saxicola and M. mexicana. The capsules
of M. multiflora are much larger than those of M. mexicana and M.
saxicola. This size difference can be expressed by simple
measures Of capsule length which are: multiflora 15-25 mn,
mexicana 5-13 mm, and saxicola 7-12 mm.

Mentzelia saxicola has a chromosome number of n=10 (Thompson
and Zavortink, 1968; Powell and Powell, 1977). We now report n=10
for two additional populations: CHIHUAHUA. Coyame, Thompson 3730
(LA). ZACATECAS. Concepcion del Oro, grown from seed collected
by James Henrickson, voucher Thompson 3738 (LA). The population
from Zacatecas is the southermost known for this species. We have
grown plants of M. saxicola from seed collected near Van Horn,
Texas, Thompson 3545 and from Zacatecas, Thompson 3738 and all
individuals were self-incompatible. Several attempts to cross
these plants with other n=10 species of sect. Bartonia gave no
viable seeds. Attempts to cross M. saxicola (n=10) with M.
multiflora (n=9) were also unsuccessful although we have reported
natural Fy hybrids with 2n=19 (Thompson and Zavortink, 1968).

We report the first chromosome counts of M. mexicana as n=9
and n=10. In the northern range of the species the six popula-
tions counted are all n=9: TEXAS. Brewster Co.: 10 mi N of
Terlingua, Thompson 3725 (LA); N of Castolon, Big Bend Nat'l.
Park, Thompson 3548 (LA); Powell and Powell 3126 (SRSC); near
Terlingua, Powell 2383 (SRSC); Powell and Powell 3027 (SRSC);
Boquillas Canyon, Big Bend Nat'l. Park, Thompson 3547 (LA).
Presidio Co.: Big Hill, between Redford and Lajitas, Powell,
Powell and Weedin 2973 (SRSC). Three populations of M. mexicana
from the southern range of the species in Mexico are all n=10:
COAHUILA. W of Cuatro Ciénegas, Powell and Tomb 2615 (SRSC), also
plants grown from seed of this collection, voucher Thompson 3711
(LA): Cuatro Ciénegas, Powell and Turner 2294 (SRSC); Las
Delicias, Powell and Turner 2704 (SRSC). We are unable to find
any morphological character that will distinguish the n=9 and n=10
populations of M. mexicana. Our first counts of M. mexicana were
from the Big Bend, n=9 populations and we were so surprised when
the first count of plants from Coahuila were n=10 (Powell and Tomb
2615) that seeds were taken from this voucher specimen, plants
grown at UCLA and veritifed as n=10 (voucher Thompson 3711). Both
the n=9 and n=10 plants of M. mexicana are self-incompatible. We
have not attempted crosses using the mexicana n=10 plants but
plants of mexicana n=9 (Thompson 3548) from the Big Bend Region

32 PBZ TO-L, O42 sh Vol. 49, No. 1

were crossed with three populations of M. multiflora (all n=9):
Thompson 3404 Congress, Arizona; Thompson 3557 Ghost Ranch, N.W.:
hompson 3546 Ft. Davis, Texas. Seed set in the cross mexicana
3548 X multiflora 3557 and reciprocal was low and none of the seed
germinated. In the crosses mexicana 3548 female X multiflora 3404
male and mexicana 3548 X multiflora 3546 and reciprocal the seed
set was high and germination was above 50%. Fifteen Fy indivi-
duals were grown, they were vigorous but produced no pollen and
set no seed. Thus M. mexicana appears to be both genetically and
morphologically distinct from its nearest relative, M. multiflora.

Literature Cited

Johnston, M.C. 1977. Brief Resume of Botanical, Including
Vegetational, Features of the Chihuahuan Desert Region with
Special Emphasis on their Uniqueness. Transactions of the
Symposium on the Biological Resources of the Chihuahuan
Desert Region, United States and Mexico. Proceedings and
Transactions series -- National Park Service; rio. 3, p. 336.

and J. Henrickson. In preparation. Chihuahuan
Desert Flora.

McVaugh, R. 1956. Edward Palmer: Plant Explorer of the
American West. University of Oklahoma Press.

Morafka, D.J. 1977. A biogeographic analysis of the Chihuahuan
Desert through its herpetofauna. Dr. W. Junk B.V., The
Hague.

Powell, A.M. and S.A. Powell. 1977. Chromosome numbers of
de gala plant species of the Chihuahuan Desert. Sida
780-90.

Raven, P.H. 1963. Amphitropical relationshps in the floras of
North and South America. Quart. Rev. Biol. 38:164.

Thompson, H.J. and W.R. Ernst. 1963. The Loasaceae in the
Southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 44:141.

and . 1967. Floral biology and
eres of Eucnide (Loasaceae). J. Arnold Arbor.
48 :56-88.

and J. Zavortink. 1968. Two new species of
Mentzelia in Texas. Wrightia 4:21-24.

Waterfall, U.T. 1959. A revision of Eucnide. Rhodora
61:231-243.

NOTEWORTHY GRASSES FROM MEXICO IX.

Alan A. Beetle APDO POSTAL 284
Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico

These are results from continuing studies sponsored by the
Comision Tecnico Consultiva para la Determinacion Regional de
los Coeficientes de Agostadero, fundada en 1966, y es depend-
encia de la Secretaria de Agricultura y Recursos Hidraulicos.

For previous papers see Phytologia 27:1974; 2821974; 30:
19753 35:19773 38:19783 47:1981, and 48:1981.

Agropyron vaillantianum (Wulf. & Schreb.)Trautv.

The Agropyron caninum - A. trachycaulum complex is mostly
cespitose. The A. repens - A. smithii complex is generally
rhizomatous. There is also a group of weakly rhizomatous
plants with intermediate spike and floret characteristics
which is undoubtedly of hybrid origin and which has caused
a great deal of taxonomic difficulty and uncertainty.

Plants from the central highland of Mexico have been rep-
orted consistently since Urbina (cf. Urbina, 1897, Cat. de
Plantas Mexicanus. Museo Nacional. Gramineae 376 - 415.)
as A. repens but nevertheless appear to represent the above
mentioned intermediates which have been reported from Europe,
Canada, the U.S.A. and Argentina. The Mexican distribution
includes Chihuahua, Durango, Oaxaca (Beetle M - 4761), Puebla,
Mexico (Reeder & Reeder 3059), Tlaxcala, and Hidalgo
(Rzedowski 21399 and 22435).

The Mexican plants which have slender rhizomes, narrow
leaves and large glumes are apparently native, and have a
close superficial resemblance to A. pseudorepens. Pohl (1962.
Agropyron hybrids and the status of Agropyron pseudorepens.
Rhodora 64:143 - 147) has shown that "the type of A. pseudo-
repens is therefore a probable male-sterile hybrid of A.
trachycaulum and A. smithii. Both species are known from
Nebraska. The name A. pseudorepens, if used, should be
applied only to such hybrids.” The Mexican plants are compl-
etely fertile producing both pollen and mature caryopses.

33

34 Par TOL Oe TA Vol. 49, No. 1

While looking for possible names Elymus mexicanus Cav. was
encountered in Fournier, Mex. Pl., 1886, but this was desc-
ribed from plants cultivated "en el Real Jardin botanico" at
Madrid, Spain. Kunth (Enum. Pl. 1:451. 1829) placed this
name in the synonymy of the Old World E. sabulosus Bieb.
Bowden (1957, Cytotaxonomy of section Psammelymus of the
genus Elymus. Canadian Joural of Botany 35:951 - 993) agrees
that E. mexicanus is “not a native of Mexico."

Melderis (1950. The short-awned species of the genus
Roegneria of Scotland, Iceland and Greenland. Svensk Bot-
anisk Tidskrift Bd 44, H.1. 132 - 1663; cf page 141) says "the
first American authors to regard these short-awned plants with
dense spikes as a distinct species were Scribner and Smith.
They described it in 1897 as A. pseudorepenss; the holotype
was collected by Rydberg in Nebraska, Kearney, n. 2018. I
have seen a spikelet of a topotype collected by Shear (n. 272).
It agrees so well with the Scottish A. donianum that it must
be considered conspecific with it. As the epithet donianum is
earlier than pseudorepens, the correct name of the combined
species under Roegneria will be R. doniana (F.B.-White)Meld."
While Agropyron donianum F. Buch.-White is accepted.by Hulten
(1958. The Amphi-atlantic plants and their phytogeographical
connections. Kungliga Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar. Ejarde
Serien. Band 7. Nr. 1. Stockholm pp 1 - 340.), and Agropyron
pseudorepens is given as a synonym, no mention is made of
Mexico as part of its distribution.

There is another name, Agropyron vaillantianum, which was
descri bed from Europe. This name was used for plants in
Massachusetts (Bear et al. 1947. Rhodora 49:265) and also
for Argentina (Parodi, 1940, Rev. del Museo de La Plata (n.s.)
III. Sect. Bot. 1 - 63.). Even though a European name is chosen
it does not follow that the plant is introduced in Mexico.

Other species such as Phleum alpinum, Juncus acutus, and others,
have essentially the same distribution pattern including Europe,
North America (incl. Mexico), and Argentina. This name being
used for the first time in relation to the Mexican flora and a
partial synonymy follow:

Agropyron vaillantianum (Wulf. & Schreb.)Schreb. ex Besser, Enum.
Pl. 41. 1822, nomen; (Wulf. & Schreb.) Trautv. Act.
Hort... Petrop. .92329.. 1884.

1982

Beetle, Grasses from Mexico a3

Synonymy :

Triticum vaillantianum Wulfen & Schreber, ap.
Schweiger et Koerte, Florae Erlangensis 1:143.
RSl1s

Agropyron repens (L.)Beauv. var. vaillantianum
(Wulf. & Schreb.)R.&S. Syst. Veg. 2:755. 1817.

Agropyron donianum F.B.-White, Proc. Perthshire
Soe, Nats Sens, LI4L. Cdate2)s Scott, Naturalist
Neser, 442326 13890.

Agropyron pseudorepens Scribn. & Smith, U. S.
Bept. Agr. Divs Agprost. Bull. 4:34. 1697.

Agropyron tenerum VaSey var pseudorepens Jones,
Contrib. West. Bot. 14:19. 1912.

Zeia pseudorepens :unell, Amer. Midl. Nat. 4:226.
£9.

Agropyron repens var. subulatum forma vaillanti-
anum (Wulf. & Schreb.)Fernald, Rhodora 35:184.
933%

Elytrigia repens (L.)Desv. var. vaillantianum
(Wulf..& Sehreb..) .Prokudin,. Proc., Bot. Inst.
KhaFrkovso3sL69...1938.

Roegneria doniana.(F. 3.,-White)Meld. Svensk. Bot.
Tidskrate. 4421576 1950.

Agropyron trachycaulum (Link)Malte var. majus
(Vasey)Fernald f. pseudorepens (Scribn. & Smith)

Beetle, Rhodora 54:196. 1952.

36 PH ie Lr Ore. Oe aA Vol. 49, No.
Aristida

The Mexican species of Aristida with developed but very
short lateral awns may be keyed as follows:

Glumes very unequal in length Aristida hintonii
Glumes about equal in length

First glume longer, second glume shorter; purple
spikelets clumped on naked pedicels

Aristida orcuttiana

First glume shorter, second glume longer;
spikelets not clumped

Leaves filiform; inflorescence spicate

Aristida gypsophila

Leaves flat; inflorescence open

Aristida schiedeana
Aristida gypsophila sp. nov.

Perennis; culmi dense caespitosi; planta erecta, 6 - 8
dm alta, laminae filiformae, vaginae et laminae glabrae,
ore cum dense pilis lanatae; panicula stricta, spiculae
appressae; gluma prima 5 - 6 mm 1., gluma secunda paulum
magna; lemmata ca 5 mm le, columna 2 mm 1., torcida;
aristis centralis 10 mm longis, scabris$; aristis later-
alis vestigias vel usque ad 1 mml.

Perennial, tufted, culms 6 — 8 dm tall, leaves fili-
form, curled at the base, plants glabrous; wooly white
tufts at the colar area; panicle narrow, the spikelets
on short appressed pedicels; first glume ca 5 - 6 mm l.,
second glume slightly longer; lemma ca 5 mm long; awn
column slightly twisted, 2 mm long, central awn 10 mm long,
faintly antrorsely scabrous; lateral awns rudimentary or to
1 mm long.

1981 Beetle, Grasses from Mexico

Type collection Johnston, I.M. no. 8399 in the United
States National Herbarium, collected August 23 - 25, 1941,
Mexico, western Coahuila, north facing mountainside,
gypsum banks, western base of Picacho de Fuste, northeast-
erly from Tanque Vaionetta, about lat. 27 deg. 34'N,

Johnston, I.M. 8714, from western Coahuila, vicinity of
Aguaje del Pajarito is apparently the same but is badly
smutted. Aristida gypsophila is a part of the endemic
floral elements associated with gypsum soils which include

Bouteloua chasei and Muhlenbergia gypsophila.
Brachypodium

Key to the Mexican species:

Annual Brachypodium distachyon
Perennial
Awnless

Leaves filiform, mostly basal

Brachypodium pringlei

Leaves flat, equally distributed
Brachypodium mexicanum var. inerme
Awned

Slender, straggling, the leaves weakly scabrous,
spikelets small, 2 - 2.5 cm long

Brachypodium mexicanum

Robust, erect, the leaves strongly scabrous,
spikelets large, 3 cm 1 or longer

Brachypodium latifolium

a7

38 Pha DT On LeOcGeie fA Vol. 49, No.
Brachypodium mexicanum var. inerme var. nov.

B. mexicanum similis sed lemmata sine aristas vel aristas

inaequalis vestigias.
Like the species but the awns of the lemma either totally
lacking or irregularly reduced.

Type collection F.G. Meyer and D.G.Rogers 2978, Mexico,
Nuevo Leon, Sierra Madre Oriental, densely tufted perennial
to 12 in Eail in open pine forest, alt. 3333 m., Cerzco del
Viejo, 15 mi. west Dulces Nombres, Municipality Zaragosa,
August 18, 1948, type in the U.S.National Herbarium,

There is a second collection, Stanford et al. 645 from
Tamaulipas, Mexico in the U.S.National Herbarium. The type
collection of B. pringlei Scribn. in Beal is Pringle 2525
in the type case and is true B. pringlei. A secnnd sheet
of Pringle 2525 in the general collection is B. mexicanum
var. inerme, A third sheet of Pringle 2525, also in the
general collection, iS a mixture!of B. pringler and B.
mexicanum vare inerme.

Digitaria biformis Willd.
var. chrysoblepharis (Fig. & DeNot.) comb nov.

D. chrysoblephara Fig. & DeNot. Mem. Acad. Sci. Torino
ie, | 14s Senos, ATELCAn.

D. ciliaris Retz. var. chrysoblepharis (Fig. & DeNot.)
Beetle, Phytologia 48:190. 1981.

D. adscendens (HBK) Henrard, ssp. chrysoblepharis (Fig. &
DeNot.)Henrard, Monogr. Digitaria 160, 998. 1950.

Bor (Grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan 299.
1960) has pointed out the differences between D. bicornis
and D. biformis. Additionally Veldkamp (Blumea 21: 1 - 80.
1973) has shown that the type of bulbous based bristles
which are ound in Digitaria ciliaris are not characteristic
of the D. bicornis - D. biformis complex.

1981 Beetle, Grasses from Mexico

Erioneuron avenaceum(HBK)Tateoka
var. longearistatum(Kurtz) comb nov.

Synonymy
Erioneuron grandiflorum (Vasey)Tateoka, Amer. Jour.
BoE. (452502 <A 296U.

Triodia avenacea HBK var. longearistata Kurtz, Rev.
Mus. a Plata 5250L, L395,

Sieglingia avenacea (HBK) Kuntze var. grandiflora
(Vasey) Dewey, Conteub., U.S. Naki..Berb.: 22538, 2894,

Erioneuron avenaceum (HBK)Tateoka var.
grandiflorum (Vasey)Gould

Sieglingia grandiflora (Vasey)Beal, Grasses N, Amer.
Zh. 18965

Triodia grandiflora Vasey, Contrib. U.S.Natl. Herb.
gr eote Pige bre7| VA

Tridens grandiflorus (Vasey)Woot. & Standl., N.Mex.
Goth, Aer, Bubig SLsk29. Hew,

The variety longiaristata of Kurtz is based on Pringle
406 from Chihuahua, Mexico. It was identified with
Erioneuron pilosum as a synonym of Triodia acuminata
(Munro)Vasey by Stuckert in 1904 in his Graminaceas
Argentinas and recently was the basis for Erioneuron
pilosum (Buckl.)Nash var. longearistatum (Kurtz) Anton,
Kurtzvana 10:63. 197/76 This msreldearly 2m erron,, ene
the name Triodia avenacea var longiaristata Kurtz is
correctly referred to "Tridens grandiflorus (Vasey)

Woot. & Standl. " in Chase's Index to Grass Species.

Koeleria cristata var. geniculata (Fourn.) comb nove
Achaeta geniculata Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2:109. 1886. Based
on Liebman 609 from Mexico.

This name is needed to cover the Mexican plants which
have conspicuous rhizomes.

39

4O PB eT: 0 Gh. Oe as Vol. 49, No.

Leptochloa filiformis (Lam. ) Beauv.
var. pulchella (Scribn.) comb. nov.

Based on Leptochloa mucronata (Michx.)Kunth var.
pulchella Scribn. Bull. Torr. Club. 9:147. 1882,
the type, a Pringle collection from Arizona is in
the U.S.National Herbarium.

This variety is mostly coastal, and is very abundant at
Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico. It is typically dwarf, narrow
leaved, with the inflorescence consisting of a few short
and divaricately spreading racemes.

Panicum acuminatum Sw. var. fasciculatum (Torr.) comb. nov.

Panicum dichotomum L. var. fasciculatum Torrey, Fl. North
and Mid. U.S. 145. 1824.

Panicum implicatum Scribn. in Britt. & Brown, Illustr.
Fl. 32498. 1895.

Panicum acuminatum Sw. var. implicatum Beetle

Dichanthelium acumintum (Sw.)Gould & Clark
var. implicatum (Scribner)G. & C.

See Freckmann, R.W. 1981. Phytologia 48:99-110.
Realignments in the Dichanthelium acuminatum complex.

Scleropogon Philippi, Sert. Mendoc. 2:47. 1871.

This genus has traditionally been treated as monotypic but
apparently there are two species which may be keyed as foll-
OWS:

Dioecious, rhizomatous, the panicles scarcely exserted above
the leaves, the awns 3 - 5 cm long, at maturity twised and
strongly recurved

Scleropogon brevifolius

1981 Beetle, Grasses from Mexico

Monoecious, stoloniferous, the panicles well exserted above
the leaves, the awns 5 - 15 cm long, twisted but not
strongly recurved

Scleropogon longisetus

S. brevifolius Philippi, An. Univ. Chile 363206. 1870.
Described from Mendoza, Argentina.

Synonymy 3
Lesourdia karwinskyana Fourn. Soc. Bot. France Bull.
27: 102. 1880. Described from Mexico.

Lesourdia multiflora Fourn. Soc. Bot. France Bul. 273
102. 1880. Described from Mexico.

Tricuspis monstrosa Munro in Hemsl. Diagn. Pl. Nov.
Mex. 56. 1880, name only, in synonymy.

Scleropogon karwinskyanus (Fourn.)Benth. ex S. Wats,
Aner, -Acad«: S@l:c. Proc. 282) 181... 1683.

Perennial, rhizomatous, the plants ca. 1 dm tall,
densely branching, the leaves basal, the blades flat, l -
2 mm wide, 1 - 2 cm long, rather sharp pointed.

All plants dioecious, the inflorescences narrow, few-
flowered racemes or simple panicles; staminate and pistil-
late spikelets strikingly different in appearance, the male
large and awnless, the female long-awned; female spikelets
one to several flowered, the upper florets reduced to awmns,
the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes, the florets
falling together; glumes acuminate, 3-nerved, the first
glume half as long as the second, the lemma narrow, 3-nerved,
the nerves extending into slender scabrous spreading awns
5 - 15 cm long, the lowest floret with a sharp-bearded
callus; palea narrow, the two nerves near the margin
becoming short awns.

The distribution of this species is disjunct. Mexican
reports include the northeastern and central states of Nuevo
Leon (Beetle M-407 and 642), Tamaulipas, Veracruz (Ventura
1542 and 1543), San kuis Potosi (Beetle M-2112), Hidalgo
(Rzedowski 20546 and 20547), and Puebla. This species also
occurs in northern Argentina. Similar disjunct distribut-
ions are found in Monanthochloe, Blepharidachne, Munroa,
Tridens, and Erioneuron. A chromosome count of 2 n equals
4O is based on Reeder and Reeder 4805 from S.L.P.,Mexico.

42 P BOYD 0. L008 Fed Vol. 49, No.

S. longisetus Sp. nov.

Festuca macrostachya Torr. & Gray, U.S. Rept. Expl.
Miss. Pacific 2 (4):177. 1855, name only, based on a
staminate specimen from Pecos, Texas.

Perenne, monoica, planta erecta, 1 - 2 dm alta, e basi
decumbentes; caespitosa sed etiam stoloniferum cum inter-
nodiis 5 — 15 cm longiores; laminae basi, planae, 1 - 2
mm latae, 1 - 2 cm longae, terminae acuminae; Paniculae cum
ramis adscendentibus vel poco divergentibus con spiculae
appressae; panicula supra laminae; aliquis plantas appare
dioica sed alius spiculis masculis et feminis in eadem
inflorescentia depositis; spiculae masculae 2 - plures -
florae, 2 - 3 cm longae; glumae aequans; spiculae feminina
1 - plures - florae, 2.5 - 3 cm longae; lemmata prima cum
callo barbata, acuta, cum aristas 5 -— 15 cm longa, torcida.

Perennial, monoecious, the plants 1 - 2 dm tall,
loosely tufted but producing wiry stolons with internodes
5 to 15 cm long; leaves basal, the blades flat, 1 to 2 mm
wide, 1 — 2 cm longs sharp-pointed.

Spikelets on short appressed pedicels, the panicle well
exserted above the leaves; some plants appearing to be
dioecious but others with male and female florets in the
same inflorescence; male spikelets several flowered, 2 - 3
cm long, the rachilla not disarticulating; glumes about
equal, nearly as long as the first lemmas; female spike-
lets one to several-flowered, 2.5 - 3 cm long, disartic-—
ulation above the glumes, the florets falling together,
the lowest floret with a sharp, bearded callus, the awns
5 - 15 cm long, twisted but not strongly recurved.

Type: Mexico, Coahuila, 28 mi. s. of Saltillo, Sept. 5,
1963, Reeder and Reeder 3626.

1981 Beetle, Grasses from Mexico

This species is found on semiarid plains and poorly
drained bottomlands in southern Colorado, Arizona
(Gooding 179-47), New Mexico (Beetle 6204) and Texas
(Beetle 14922) as well as the states of Sonora,
Chihuahua (Pringle 484), Zacatecas (Reeder and Reeder
4713), Coahuila (Reeder and Reeder 3641), Durango, and
San Luis Potosi (Reeder and Reeder 4060 and 2938) in
noerthern Mexico.

This is not an important range grass although it
may serve some purpose in erosion control. Long ago
Griffiths proclaimed "It is difficult to conceive of
stock being driven to such an extremity as to eat this
species" (cf Griffiths, D. 1915. Native pasture grasses
or the United States. U.SD.A.IBul@.. 20448 — 52 paithe
sharp callus penetrates wool with ease. It is commonly
called burrograss or “"zacate del burro”. The distrib-
ution patterns of the two species apparently do not
overlap although both species have been reported from
the state of San Luis Potosi in Mexico.

S. brevifolius is always dioecious, the male and
female plants being separate. S. longisetus may appear
to be dioecious but apparently all populations have the
potential to be monoecious and many such monoecious
collections with male and female spikelets in the same
inflorescence have been made.

S. brevifolius is essentially a matforming plant with
freely branching rhizomes. On the otherhand S. longisetus
forms elongate stolons, some leaves forming on the aerial
nodes even when not in contact with the ground. There is
great variation in the size of the awns found on the
female spikelets (5 - 15 cm) of S. longisetus. On the
other hand the size of the awns of S. brevifolius is
very uniform ( 3 - 5 cm long).Based on Reeder and Reeder
4607 from Chihuahua, Mexico, the chromosome count, 2 n
equals 40, for longisetus, is the same as that for S.
brevifolius (cf Reeder,J.R.1967 and 1968. Notes on Mexican
grasses VI and VIII. Bull Torrey Botanical Club).

43

NEW COMBINATIONS IN THE GENUS PACKERA (Asteraceae)

W. A. Weber & Askell Love

Of all the collective genera of Bentham and Hooker (1873) and
their followers, few are as diverse in habits and habitats as
Senecio, a group that, in its strict sense, based on the annual
type species S. vulgaris L., is small and clearly defined. Recent
estimates of the aggregation suggest that Senecio, sens. latiss.,
comprises at least a thousand species (Barkley 1978), or 2-3,000
species (Shaw in Willis 1966), or about 3,000 species (Nordenstam
1978b). The genus, as still commonly circumscribed, is a taxo-
nomical potpourri of unusual dimensions.

It is understandable that no one has ventured into a general
revision of the senecioid complex, since a thorough study world-
wide would require the concerted efforts of a team with numerous
skills beyond those of the individual taxonomist. Nevertheless, a
few courageous botanists recently have taken a fresh look at parts
of the genus, with some success, notably Kirpicznikov (1961) for
the taxa met with in the Soviet Union, Nordenstam (1978a,b) basing
his studies on morphological and some chemical characteristics of
mainly Old World representatives, and Barkley (1978) who studied
the North American species. The revisions resulting from these
studies are only the first hesitant steps toward a long series of
treatments that ultimately may result in a taxonomic division of
the immense array of variation into a larger number of biological-
ly well-defined genera.

Although most groups traditionally circumscribed within Sene-
cio seem to be cytologically uninteresting, observations on chro-
mosome numbers have revealed that, whereas the majority of taxa
are characterized by the basic number x=10, as in Senecio proper,
there are some deviations in basic number that are correlated with
morphological trends given sectional rank. This observation has
been employed in part in the classification proposed by Nordenstam
(1978a) and in the division of Arctic representatives (Love & Léve
1975, 1976), including the arctic-boreal genus Tephroseris with
its basic number x=8 and typically absent outer phyllaries, and
the mainly New World genus Packera, consisting of most of the
Aurei, Lobati and Tomentosi of Rydberg (1900) and Greenman (1916,
1918), characterized by prolonged rhizomes, distinctive basal/cau-
line leaf arrangement and form, and characteristic tomentum when-
ever present. Most of the species of Tephroseris were transferred
to it by Holub (1973), but only those species of Packera reaching
the Arctic were transferred by Love & Love (1976).

Our preliminary observations of other North American repre-
sentatives of the Senecio complex indicated that some genera
44

1981 Weber & L&ve, New combinations 45

recognized as distinct by Eurasiatic botanists also ought to be
given that status on this continent--notably Ligularia (including
Cremanthodium). Nordenstam (corresp.), Barkley (corresp.) and
Robinson (1979) insist that Weber (1973) transferred the American
species to this genus incorrectly, for the floral anatomy of Ligu-
laria is cacalioid and that of the American species (Senecio,
Amplectentes) is senecioid. The transfer was made on gross mor-
phological grounds, and while admittedly it does not fit in with
current concepts, the fact remains that an alpine senecioid group
of the Rocky Mountains resembles the Asiatic genus so closely as
to demonstrate a classic example of convergent evolution. If not
at home in Ligularia, this group stands as a monophyletic line
among American senecionids and deserves generic rank. We are in-
clined to feel that ultimately several new genera will need to be
described in order to accommodate the discrete patterns of morpho-
logy which characterize several other American Senecio groups, no-
tably the Suffruticosi and the Triangulares.

In this paper we want to complete the process of transferring
to Packera those North American taxa for which there is reasonable
morphologic and/or cytological evidence. The morphological evi-
dence on which these transfers are based was reviewed by Barkley
(1978), but the cytological support for the distinctness of the
genus has been confirmed for various species by Sokolovskaya &
Strelkova (1938, 1948), Turner, Powell & King (1962), Wiens & Hal-
leck (1962), Ornduff, Raven, Kyhos & Kruckeberg (1963), Palmblad
(1965), Taylor & Brockman (1966), Ornduff, Mosquin, Kyhos & Raven
(1967), Johnson & Packer (1968), Taylor & Mulligan (1968), Lee
(1969), Packer (1972), Ward (in Love 1981) and Love & Love (un-
publ.).

PACKERA ACTINELLA (Greene) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Senecio ac-
tinella Greene, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 10:87. 1883.

PACKERA ANONYMA (Wood) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Senecio anonymus
Wood, Class-book, 464. ed. of 1861.

PACKERA ANTENNARIIFOLIA (Britton) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Se-
mnecio antennariifolius Britton in Britton & Brown, Illus. Fl.
3:478. 1898.

PACKERA BELLIDIFOLIA (H.B.K.) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Senecio
belidifolius H.B.K., Nov. Gen. Sp. 4:175. 1820.

PACKERA BERNARDINA (Greene) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Senecio
bernardinus Greene, Pittonia 3:298. 1898.

PACKERA BOLANDERI (A. Gray) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Senecio bo-
landeri A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 7:362. 1868.

46 PO PO 02Gb ee Vol. 49, No. 1

PACKERA BREWERI (Davy) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Senecio breweri
Davy, Erythea 3:116. 1895.

PACKERA CANA (Hook.) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Senecio canus
Hook., FL Bor.—Am. 1% 333; pl. PG. 1834.

PACKERA CANA f. ERADIATA (D. C. Eaton) Weber & Love, comb. nov.
Senecio canus D. C. Eaton in S. Wats., Bot. King's Exped. 190.
1871.

PACKERA CANDIDISSIMA (Greene) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Senecio
candidissumus Greene, Pittonia 4:110. 1900.

PACKERA CARDAMINE (Greene) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Senecio car-
damine Greene, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 8:98. 1881.

PACKERA CLEVELANDII (Greene) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Senecio
clevelandii Greene, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 10:87. 1883.

PACKERA CROCATA (Rydb.) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Senecio croca-
tus Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24:299. 1897.

PACKERA CYMBALARTA (Pursh) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Senecio cym-
balaria Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 2:530. 1814.

PACKERA CYMBALARIOIDES (Nutt.) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Senecio
cymbalarioides Nutt., Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. I1,7:412. 1841.

PACKERA CYNTHIOIDES (Greene) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Senecio
cynthioides Greene, Leaflets 1:212. 1906.

PACKERA DEBILIS (Nutt.) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Senecio debilis
Nutt., Trans. Am.-Phil. Soc. I1,7:408. 1841.

PACKERA DIMORPHOPHYLLA (Greene) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Senecio
dimorphophyllus Greene, Pittonia 4:109. 1900.

PACKERA DIMORPHOPHYLLA ssp. INTERMEDIA (T. M. Barkley) Weber &
Love, comb. nov. Senecio dimorphophyllus ssp. intermedius T. M.
Barkley, Trans. Kans. Acad. 65:362. 1963.

PACKERA EURYCEPHALA (T. & G.) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Senecio
eurycephalus T. & G., Mem. Amer. Acad. I1,4:109. 1849.

PACKERA FENDLERI (A. Gray) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Senecio
fendleri A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. I1,4:108. 1849.

PACKERA FLETTII (Wiegand) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Senecio
flettii Wiegand, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 26:137. 1899.

1981 Weber & LUve, New combinations 47

PACKERA FRANCISCANA (Greene) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Senecio
franciscanus Greene, Pittonia 2:19. 1889.

PACKERA GANDERI (Barkley & Beauchamp) Weber & Love, comb. nov.
Senecio ganderi Barkley & Beauchamp, Brittonia 26:106. 1974.

PACKERA GREENEI (A. Gray) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Senecio
greenei A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 10:75. 1874.

PACKERA HARTIANA (Heller) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Senecio hart-
ianus Heller, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 26:622. 1899.

PACKERA HESPERIA (Greene) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Senecio hes-
perius Greene, Pittonia 2:166. 1891.

PACKERA IONOPHYLLA (Greene) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Senecio
ionophyllus Greene, Pittonia 2:20. 1889.

PACKERA LAYNEAE (Greene) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Senecio layn-
eae Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 10:87. 1883.

PACKERA LORATIFOLIA (Greenman) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Senecio
loratifolius Greenman, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci. 43:21. 1907.

PACKERA MACOUNII (Greene) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Senecio
macounii Greene, Pittonia 3:169. 1897.

PACKERA MILLEFOLIA (T. & G.) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Senecio
millefolium T. & G., Fl. N. Am. 2:444. 1843.

PACKERA MILLELOBATA (Rydb.) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Senecio
millelobatus Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 27:171. 1900.

PACKERA MULTILOBATA (T. & G. ex A. Gray) Weber & Love, comb.
nov. Senecio multilobatus T. & G. ex A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad.
Arts Sci. II,4:109. 1849 (Pl. Fendlerianae).

PACKERA NEOMEXICANA (A. Gray) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Senecio
werneriaefolius A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. 1(2):392. 1884.

PACKERA NEOMEXICANA var. MUTABILIS (Greene) Weber & Love, comb.
nov. Senecio mutabilis Greene, Pittonia 4:113. 1900.

PACKERA NEWCOMBEI (Greene) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Senecio new-
combei Greene, Pittonia 3:249. 1897.

PACKERA OBOVATA (Muehl. ex Willd.) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Se-
necio obovatus Muehl. ex Willd., Sp. Pl. 3:199. 1804.

48 Pe Tt OL 10, G BGA Vol. 49, No. 1

PACKERA PLATTENSIS (Nutt.) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Senecio
plattensis Nutt., Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II,/7:413. 1841.

PACKERA PSEUDAUREA (Rydb.) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Senecio
pseudaureus Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24:208. 1897.

PACKERA PSEUDAUREA ssp. FLAVULA (Greene) Weber & Love, comb.
nov. Senecio flavulus Greene, Pittonia 4:108. 1900.

PACKERA QUAERENS (Greene) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Senecio quae-
rens Greene, Leaflets 1:214. 1906.

PACKERA QUEBRADENSIS (Greenman) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Senecio
quebradensis Greenman, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 3:117. 1916.

PACKERA ROSEI (Greenman) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Senecio rosei
Greenman, Monogr. Senecio, I. Teil, 24. 1901.

PACKERA SANGUISORBOIDES (Rydb.) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Senecio
sanguisorboides Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 27:170. 1900.

PACKERA SCHWEINITZIANA (Nutt.) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Senecio
schweinitzianus, Natt.» Trans. Am...Phil.. Soc. IL. /:413.;1941.

PACKERA STREPTANTHIFOLIA (Greene) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Sene-
cio streptanthifolius Greene, Erythea 3:23. 1895.

PACKERA TOLUCCANA (DC.) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Senecio toluc-
Canus, DG... Prodr.. 62426; 1837.

PACKERA TRIDENTICULATA (Rydb.) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Senecio
tridenticulatus Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 27:175. 1900.

PACKERA UMBRACULIFERA (S. Wats.) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Sene-
eto sumpnacuidteor.S. Wats.., “Proc. Amer.»,Acad, Arts Sct. 233279.
1888.

PACKERA WERNERIAEFOLIA (A. Gray) Weber & Love, comb. nov. Sene-
cio werneriaefolius A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 19:54.
1883.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BARKLEY, T. M. 1978. Senecio. North American Flora, Ser. II,
Part 10250-13539.

BENTHAM, G. & HOOKER, J. D. 1873. Genera Plantarum 2. London.

GREENMAN, J. M. 1916. Monograph of the North and Central
American species of the genus Senecio. Part “£1 Seces= Ge.
Aurei Rydb. Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden 3:85-194. Pl. 3-5.

1981 Weber & L¥ve, New combinations 49

GREENMAN, J. M. 1918. Monograph...Senecio. Part ;<2L jaSece.
Tomentosi Rydb., 1.c. 5:37-108. Pl. 5-6.

HOLUB,,, Js 1973). New names in Phanerogamae, 2. Folia Geobot.
Phytotax. Praha 8:155-179.

JOHNSON, A. W. & Packer, J. G. 1968. Chromosome numbers in the
flora of Ogotoruk Creek, N. W. Alaska. Bot. Notiser
1212403-456-:

KIRPICZNIKOV, M.- E~ 1961. Koleno 8. Senecioneae Cass. Flora
SSSR 26:638-857.

LEE, Y. N. 1969. Chromosome numbers of flowering plants in Korea
2. Korean Res. Inst. Better Living 2:141-145.

LOVE. A. 1981. Chromosome number reports LXXIII. Taxon 30 (in
press).

& D.Love. 1975. Cytotaxonomical atlas of the Arctic
flora. J. Cramer, Vaduz.
- 1976. Nomenclatural notes on Arctic plants.
Bot. Notiser 128:497-523.

NORDENSTAM, B. 1978a. Senecioneae and Liabeae--systematic
review. In: Heywood et alii (eds.), The biology and
chemistry of the Compositae. London.

- 1978b. Taxonomic studies in the tribe Senecioneae
(Compositae). Opera Botanica 44:1-83.

ORNDUFF, R., T.- MOSQUIN, D. W. KYHOS & P. H. RAVEN. 1967.
Chromosome numbers in Compositae, IV. Senecioneae. II.
Amer. J. Bot. 54:205-213

» P. H. RAVEN, D. W. KYHOS & A. R. KRUCKEBERG. 1963.
Chromosome numbers in Compositae, III. Senecioneae. Amer.
Je BOt. SO0T13I-1359.

PACKER, J. G. 1972. A taxonomic and phytogeographical review of
some arctic and alpine Senecio. species. Can. J. Bot.
50:507-518.

PALMBLAD, T. G. 1965. Chromosome numbers in Senecio (Compositae)
Can. J." Bot. 49715-7200.

ROBINSON, H- 1979. [Review] North American Flora, Ser. II, part
10. Compositae. Taxon 28:47.

RYDBERG, P. A. 1900. Studies on the Rocky Mountain Flora, I.
Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 27:169-189.

SOKOLOVSKAYA, A... Ps. «6.08: iS.: SPRELKOVA, 9.1938. Yavlenia
poliploidii v vysokogoryakh Pamira i Altaya. Doklady Akad.
Nauk SSSR 21:68-71.

- 1948. Geograficheskoe
raspredelenie poliploidov. II. Issledovanie flory Altaya.
Uchen. Zap. Ped. Inst. Im Gertsena 66:179-193.

TAYLOR, R.- L. & R. P. BROCKMAN. 1966. Chromosome numbers of some
western Canadian plants. Can. J. Bot. 44:1093-1103.

& G. A. MULLIGAN. 1968. Flora of the Queen
Charlotte Islands. Part 2. Cytological aspects of the
vascular plants. Ottawa.

50 Ps Be Tikit Oi One Vol. 49, No. 1

TURNER, B. L., M. POWELL & R. M. KING. 1962. Chromosome numbers,
in the Compositae. VI. Additional Mexican and Guatemalan
species. Rhodora 64:251-271.

WIENS, D. & D. K. HALLECK. 1962. Chromosome numbers in Rocky
Mountain plants. I. Bot. Notiser 115:455-464.

WILLIS, sa Ge 1966. A dictionary of the flowering plants and
ferns. Seventh edition, revised by H.- kK. Airy Shaw.
Cambridge.

DR. HANS HORMANN

(1902 = 1981)

Because of nis interest in mosses, we Degeners visited Dr. and
Mrs. H8rmann in tneir 1964 home in Exenbach and in their 1972 home
in St. Georgen, both in Austria. We were so impressed by Dr. H&8r-
mann's ability, accomplishments and industry, though condemned to
working from a wheelchair, that Bryologist Douglas R. Smith join-
ed us in publishing a tribute to him and Mrs. H8rmann in our

"Flora Hawaiiana" Sept. 20, 1980. From this we repeat slightly
modified excerpts:

Hans HSrmann was born May 7, 1902 in Friedersbach, Waldviertel,
Austria. In 1907 the family settled in nearby Waldhausen, where
his father was a teacher and later Principal of the local school.
For his higher education the son attended the Gymasium in Linz
from 1914 until his graduation in 1922. Thereafter he attended a
private school in the same city until 1925. He was then enrolled
in the University of Graz until 1930, studying the Natural Scien-
ces and especially Botany. He married Paula Marchsteiner in 1929.
While still a graduate student he contracted poliomyelitis in

1930, just before receiving his doctorate. That malady changed
his entire future.

51

52 P Bay? O70 6-1 Vol. 49, No. 1

Dr. H&8rmann lost his salaried University position after three
months of illness; but whenever townspeople in Graz met him,
they still called him “Herr Professor”. His resourceful wife
Paula thereafter provided for their total support as teacher and
later as Principal. During the Second World War, Dr. H8rmann was
evacuated from Graz to his mother's home in Waldhausen to escape
the bombing; while Mrs. H8rmann remained in Graz to continue
earning their livelihood.

In 1945 he was able to renew his researches on mosses, his il-
lustrations being of high quality and showing details for identi-
fication. Because of the ease of handling the diminutive speci-
mens at his small work table, Dr. H&rmann has been able to study

a wide range of bryophytes, many sent from the Hawaiian Islands.
In fact, he was the main expert who helped us publish ten pages
dealing chiefly with a synoptic key of the "Mosses of Hawaii™ in
March 31, 1973 to supersede the excellent but aged one by #&.B.
Bartram in 1933. We have additional manuscript about Hawaiian
mosses which we plan to publish in cohslaboration with our late
friend. The bulk, however, of his publications have been based on
specimens sent him by scientists in other parts of the World. He
became recipient of the Kosmos Medal.

At the age of 78 he wrote us in 1980 that nis eyesight no
longer permitted his work at the microscope, and that his strength
had waned to the point where he was no longer able to work on his
beloved plants. Thus ended a career in bryology that spanned a
half century. We shortly received the sad news from Mrs. HSrmann
that her husband had died May 20, 1981, and had been interred in
the family grave in St. Georgen, Ybbsfeld, Austria.

Otto & Isa Degener, and Douglas R. Smith.

A NEW SPECIES OF PROSOPANCHE (HYDNORACEAE) FROM COSTA RICA.
Luis D. G6mez P. & Jorge Gémez-L.
Museo Nacional, Apto. 749, San José, Costa Rica.

The family Hydnoraceae contains two genera: Hydnora with 6-10
species in the Afro-Madagascan region, and Prosopanche with two
southern South American species recently monographed (Cocucci,196S):
P. americana (R.Br.) Baillon and P. bonacinae Spegazzini. The latter
genus has been considered as extratropical in the New World, with a
doubtful record from eastern Peru (Harms, 1935). But the geographi -
cal distribution of the New World Hydnoraceae is amplified by the
finding of a Costa Rican, rainforest inhabiting species here de-
scribed as:

Prosopanche costaricensis Gomez §& Gomez-L.

P. americanae affinis a qua imprimis differt statura minore,
characteribus seminum, forma et dimensione synandrium.

Herba perenne, hypogea, holoparasitica, erecta, stolonifera;
radices (4)-5-gona (sect. transv.) dense rudimenta haustoriorum e-
mittens. Flores ascendentes pedicellus cum ovario 15-20 cm longus;
synandrium elliptico-conicum 19-26 mm longum 11-15 mm latum; stig-
mata 3-radiata pauciter lobulata, lamellae + 12-plicatae; semina 1-
1.2 mm longae testis ruguloso-verrucosis.

Holotypus: Finca La Lola, callej6n secci6n 18, Siquirres, Limén, 50
m, Gomez 7335, CR. Isotypes: BM, US, F, MO, USJ. Paratype: L.C. Gon-
zalez in GOmez-L. 6770 CR.

Plant hypogean, parasitic on roots of Leguminosae. Pilot roots
(4)-S-angular with numerous haustorial rudiments on the aristae.Stem
massive, nodose. Leaves or bracts absent. Flowers in clumps, emer-
gent, tubular, pedicellate, pedicel 5-(8.9)-11 cm long, 10-16 mm in
diameter. Corolla tepaline, 3-merous, tepals 2.4-3.6 cm wide, 3.2-
5.6 cm long, anthesis valvate, with tepals joined by their apices so
as to form a lantern-like structure. Synandrium elliptic-conical or
ovoid, 19-(21.78)-26 mm long, 11-(12.52)-15.7 mm wide at the middle,
white when young, dark brown to almost black when mature. Perigonial
tube narrow, inner diameter 10-15 mm, short (less than 1 cm). Stig-
matic surface button-like, 3-radiate, the lamellae with no more than
12 folds per side. Ovules much reduced, numerous. Fruit a pseudober-
ry, peponid, more or less globose, up to 50 mm in diameter when ripe,
crowned by the remains of the perigonial tube, dehiscence transver-
sal and irregular, more or less medial. Mature placentae fleshy,
white, faintly sweet-scented. Seed small, 1-1.2 mm long, irregular,
somewhat elliptic in contour, episperm rugulose-verrucose, black and
hard.

53

54 P Hatt Oy bal) Gy bok Vol. 49, No. 1

The species closely allied to Prosopanche americana but dif-
fers from it in general dimensions of habit and structures, the fas-
cicled flowers, host and geographical distribution. From the two
previously known species in the genus, P. costaricensis differs in
having verrucose seeds, less than 12 folds per side of om sih la-
mellae (no less than 14 in P. americana, no more than 8 in bona-
cinae), by the size of the synandrium and by its staminodia ad

ded by a very low foot so as to be almost sessile. Two populations
Lei observed and collected. In both localities the host tree was

Inga oerstediana Benth., but in one of the locations there was also
an specimen of Gliricidia s saepium (Jacq. )Steud.

The plants of Prosopanche costaricensis are found covered by
the thick litter of the rainforest and very difficult to spot. The
biology of these unusual organisms, previously associated with arid
and subarid vegetation types, should prove rewarding.

Bibliography
Cocucci, A. E. 1965. Estudios en el género Prosopanche (Hydnoraceae)
I. Revision taxonémica. Kurtziana 2: 53-74.

Harms, H. 1935. Hydnoraceae. In A. Engler §& K. Prantl (Eds.) Natur.
Pflanzenfam. Second edition. 16(b):282-295, f. 148-153.

1982

v4
Gémez P. & Gémez-L., A new species

démez & Gomez-L.

Prosopanche costaricensis G
apx. 1/2 X.

55

A NEW SPECIES OF ARBORESCENT PASSIFLORA (ASTROPHEA) FROM
COSTA RICA

Jorge Gémez-L. & L. D. Gomez P.
Museo Nal., Aptdo. 749, San José, Costa Rica

Within the genus Passiflora, the species in subgenus Astro-
phea are trees or large shrubs and are particularly abundant in
South America. A new species is here described from Costa Rica as:

Passiflora tica G6mez-L. §& Gomez P.

P. arboreae affinis, a qua imprimis differt suavis odoris, co-
ronis 2-seriatis, foliis strigosis, filamentibus et estylibus per-
sistentibus.

Arbor ad 7 m alta vel frutex procerus. Folia petiolata, petio-
lus 3-4.5 cm longus, obscure striato-canaliculatus; lamina amplis-
sime elliptico-oblonga vel e.-obovata, penninervia, integerrima,
12.5-(22.42)-39 cm longa, 6.5-(13.05)-23 cm lata, apicem acuminata
breviter mucronata, ad basim obtuso-rotundata, supra glabra, subtus
strigosa, aromatica; calycis tubus cylindricus,sepalis petalisque
oblongo-subpanduratis, corona 2-seriata, filamentis extimis 7 mm
longis, dolabriformibus, alteris brevioribus (3-4 mm longis), tere-
to-digitiformibus; operculum tubulosum, non exsertum, erosum, 1i-
mene membranosum, cupulatum; ovarium obscure trigonum, dense tomen-
tosum.

Holotypus: Margenes del rio San Lorenzo, San Ramon, Alajuela, apx.
1200 m.s.m., J. G6mez-L. 6627 (CR). Isotypi: same locality, G6mez-
L. 5019 (USJ, MO, F). Paratypi: Chitaria cE Turrialba, Cartago,
600 m.s.m., L. Poveda 967 (USJ, CR); same locality, L. D. Gomez 60
74 (US).

Tree or large shrub. Branches terete, without tendrils. Leaves
elliptic-oblong to e.-obovate, entire, 12.5-39 cm long, 6.5-23 cm
wide, apex acuminate and shortly mucronate, rounded obtuse at base,
aromatic when crushed (scent like that of Pimpinella), glabrous a-
bove, strigose beneath; calyx cylindrical, corona 2-seriate, the
outer ones 7 mm long, dolabriform, the inner ones much reduced (3-

4 mm), fleshy, terete, digitiform; operculum tubulose, not exserted,
limen membranose, cupuliform, ovary subtrigonous, densely tomentose.
56

1981 Gomez-L. & Gomez P., A new species 57

Closely related to P. arborea Spreng., from which it differs
in having a 2-seriate corona and the much larger, strigose leaves.
In Costa Rica the closest congener is P. pittieri Masters which is
set appart from P. tica by the presence of tendrils, the S-seriate
corona and the much smaller and non-aromatic leaves.

It is suspected that P. tica be the larval food plant of the
South American butterfly Heliconius eluchia, found in Costa Rica
within the geographical range of the new species of passionflower.
This butterfly, closely related to H. sapho and H. hewitsoni which
feed on Passiflora pittieri in Costa Rica, belongs to a group of
Heliconiinae specializing in feeding on Passiflora subg. Astrophea.

NOTES ON NEW AND NOTEWORTHY PLANTS. CXLVITII

Harold N. Moldenke

VERBENA CATAMARCENSIS Mold., sp. nov.

Herba perennis , ramis ramulisque minute puberulis tetragonis
griseis; foliis oppositis laminis profunde pinnato-partitis,
partis subuniforme 2 mm. latis Supra atroviridibus minutissime
puberulis glabrescentibus, subtus densissime puberulis (costa
excepta), costa uniforme 2 mm alata, petiolo ca. 2 cm. longo ala-
to in costam confluente; inflorescentiis terminalibus; peduncu-
lis filiformibus 1--3 cm. longis minutissime puberulis glabres-
centibus; calycibus tubulosis ca,5 mm. longis dense breviter-
que pubescentibus, pilis erectis; corollis lilacinis.

A perennial herb, the stems and branches slender, gray, tet-
ragonal , minutely puberulent; branchlets and twigs more slender ,
more acutely tetragonal , stramineous; leaves abundant, decussate-
opposite, often with a pair of much smaller ones on much abbre-
viated twiglets in their axils, to 8 cm. long and 6 cm. wide (in
outline), very deeply and uniformly pinnately parted to about 1
mm. from the midrib, the divisions uniformly about 2 mm. wide,
apically acute, dark-green, shiny, and very minutely puberulent
(soon glabrescent) above, permanently very densely puberulent
(except for the midrib) beneath with slightly cinereous hairs;
midrib and secondaries decidedly prominulous and conspicuous
beneath and plainly green and only very slightly and inconspicu-
ously puberulous or soon glabrescent; petioles about 2 cm. long
but not distinguishable from the alate leaf-midrib which is de-
current into it; inflorescence terminal and in the uppermost
pair of leaf-axils, 2--6 cm. long, many-flowered; peduncles
filiform, 1--3 cm. long, very minutely puberulent or soon glab-
rescent; bracts lanceolate, very small, about 2 mm. long, apical-
ly attenuate-acute; calyx tubylar, about 5 mm. long, densely
short-pubescent with erect brownish hairs; corolla lilac.

The type of this distinctive species was collected by A. L.
Cabrera (no. 14149) at Quebrada de la Cebila, Catamarca, Argen-
tina, on March 12, 1961, and is deposited in the United States
National Herbarium in Washington.

ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS PRIVA. IX
Harold N. Moldenke

PRIVA Adans.

Additional & emended bibliography: Sandmark in L., Amoen. A-
(ad, Se 375. 1759: Ausbi.; Hist. Pl. Cuian. Fre 2s 16. 17753 45 F.
Gael in 'L.,. Syst. Sat., ed. 13, imp. 1, 2: 41,5 1793 Poir. :in-Lan.,

58

1981 Moldenke, Notes on Priva 59

Encycl. Méth. Bot. [Illustr. Gen.] 1: 58--60. 1791; Roxb., Hort..
Beng.,) imp: 1, 46. 1814; Spreng.,Anleit. 29 (1): 422. 18172 Steuds ,
Nemes BoturPhan.,~.ed. 15. 7h11396;. 6a75- 873, & S742) 1820) Link,
Epon: 2: 223.. 7622:-Kunth, Syn 2 60. 1823;8oirJ, Dict. 43:
$35-.90826* Lotd.,-Hort. Brit. ed.~ 3,> 246 & 529 ..4830;. Schlechet
& Cham., Linnaea 5: 98--99. 1830; Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 418.
$630;52ndi)5" Gen. 634. 183L:, Sprene. in Lo, Gen. fL.,eds-9, 2:
Sd . 1833s: Loud. 5 Hort... Bris. § eds!) 24.248 £-529> 2832; Roxb. ,. Fi.
Ind: 4 ed. 2, imp. 1, 3: 90-—91\) 1832; Piddington, Tab. View.) Gen.
Char. Roxb. 106--107. 1836; Spreng. in L., Gen. Pl., ed. 9, 2:
4772 P8sis Endl: , Gen... PAX a: 6345 1838; GC.) Don an Loud... Hort.
Brits, €d. 3,. 246°& 529." 1839. Ge Doni im Sweet, Hore. Brit.3*ed-
8,1 352.°1839" Bartl.;- Ord... 180.0 18403 End..'5. Enchirad.., bot. 312.
1841; Reichenb., Nom. 108. 1841; Steud., Nom. Bot. Phan., ed. 2,
2: 397 & 750. 1841; Brongn., Enum. Gen. 65. 1843; D. Dietr., Syn.
Pl. 3: 371 & 606. 1843; Lindl., Veg. Kingd. 664. 1847; Gay, Hist.
Fie.? Ciate-.Bots 5: [6] &°75-pl.. 55% £8493; A. La Juss.) in. Urbreny,
Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. 10: 473 (1849) and 13: 184. 1849; C. Muell.
in Walp., Ann. Bot. Syst. 5: 705--706. 1860; Ulrich, Internat.
Woreerp. | ed. 1; 185. 187s! Griseb.gePl. Lotentz. 1922-1074;
Pfteit fer, Nom." Bot... 21): 132) (1874) and 2 (2): 839-—840) &
1568--1570. 1874; Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 2, imp. 2, 488. 1874; Ul-
rich, Internat. WSrterb., ed. 2, 185. 1875; Benth. in Benth. & Hook.
£2i' Gens Pl. 2(2)2P91375. 4145508 9147.) 1676; Criseb,|, Abhand? 7c.
Gesell. Wiss. GUtt. 24> [Symb. Fi. Angent.] 275. 18795) FP.) Phat;
Gat; Pl. Vase; Chil. 219. 1881 Balf. £2, Trans. Rey. Soc. Edinb.
31: [Bot. Socotra] 232--233 & 433. 1888; Hillebrand, Fl. Haw.
Isls.,.imp. 1, 341: 1888; Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto Rico, ed- 2,

3) 286-=288- 6) 363. 1868: Baill:.“Hists Pi. (11: S15),94.7 5--e,

& 112. 1891; Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., imp. dy

4 (3a: 144, 153, & 155, fig. 59 E (1895) and ed. 1, 4 (3a): 383.
1897; J. C. Willis, Dict. Flow. Pl., ed. 2, 530 & 604. 1903; Dalla
Torre & Harms, Gen. Siphonog., imp. 1, 431. 1904; Post & Kuntze,
Lexicon 70, 460, & 688. 1904; Vierh., K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Denkschr.
71: 114-=-115 [434--435]. 1907; J. Cs Willis, Dict. Fiow. Pi-, ed:
3, 546 & 621. 1908; Reiche & Phil., Estud. Crit. Fl. Chile a A fF
& 304--305. 1910; Urb., Symb. Antil. 4: 534. 1911; Urb., Symb.
Antill. 7: 354. 1912; Wangerin, Justs Bot. Jahresber. 39 (1): 436.
1912; Thonner, Flow. Pl. Afr. 469. 1915; Sanzin, Anal. Soc. Cient.
A®eent : '88:°96; .97, 99; 106) & 135454919; J. o- Willis, Dict. Flow.
Pl., ed. 5, 539, 677, & 678. 1925; Chiov., Fl. Somala [ibs See
274. 1929; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 6: 567. 1933; Stahl, Estud. Fl. Puerto
Rico, ed. 2, 3: 286--288 & 363. 1937; Marloth, Fl. S. Afr. 32g A5
& 146. 1932; Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 57 (2):2: 4a
1938; Batalla, An. Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. Mex. 11: 129--161. 1940;
H. No & A. Lb. Mold:, Pls life 2 469 22h, Bay Se 67
72, & 73. 1948; Metcalfe & Chalk, Anat. Dicot. 2: 1031--1033,

1035, & 1040. 1950; J. C. Willis, Dict. Flow. Pl., ed, 67) 5392 G/75
& 678. 1951; Alain in Ledn & Alain, Fl. Cuba, imp. 1, 4: 280 & 302,
fig. 130 A. 1957; Dalla Torre & Harms, Gen. Siphonog., imp. 2, 431
1958) and imp. 3, 431. 1963; Rouleau, Guide Ind. Kew. 154 &.353-
1970; Mukhopadhyay, Pollen Morph. Verb. [thesis]. 1971; Roxb., Fl.

60 PET Od) O Cats Vol. 49, No. 1

Ind,., ed. 25: imp. 3,..488. 19713: .C..D., Adame, Flows. Pi Janaiea
G26 &. 6322°19723 D.) Powell, Boll... Inet, Jam. Sci.) 15 (Ber 426,
1973; Thanikaimoni, Inst. Franc. Pond. Trav. Sect. Scient. Techn.
12 (2)% 102) (1973). and U3: 192 6. 328. 1976). fournet,.. Fl. Tiiast:
Phan. Guad. Mart. 1391 & 1399--1400, fig. 665. 1978; Mukherjee &
Chanda, Trans. Bose Res. Inst. 41: 44,.47, 46, 53, & 56. 1978;
Holm, Pancho, Herberger, & Plucknett, Geogr. Atlas World Weeds
296. 1979; Lopez-Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Andes 20: 30.
1979; Milz & Rimpler, Zeitschr. Naturforsch. Wiesb. 34C: 324 &
325..°..1979s.Mold., Phytologia 43: 420--426, 500, 501,504,246 509=—
512 (1979), 44: 92--110, 140, & 510 (1979), 45: 40 & 509 (1980)
and, 46:; 404 4&510.. 3980: Mold., Phytol.! Man. 2: 5) 23, 505, 543
66.) 70,273..14%.16=—-79,,) 82, .84—-87, 90, 92--94,) 96, 9a, 29.401,
102... 004,, 405. dit. 208.193 5 125,.126,, 120,.194,. ean, tie,
178; 190... 9099.4, 201==204.. 2144; 224.227. 61228, 23 f 23550 25b 5 ese,
299) Dhl 24h DAG 254i 253, 256 ., 2575, 2650 269 6271 Cisne os
3.7,1.399 .437554376,) 414,-434;, 455,.437, 442, 444, 448, fees eass
462, 463, & 572--573. 1980; Mold. & Bromley in Harley & Mayo,
Toward Checklist Fl. Bahia 192. 1980; Rogerson, Becker, Long,
Prince, & Zanoni, Bull. Torrey Bot... Club 107: 99 & 265. 1960;
Roxb., Hort. Beng., imp. 2, 46. 1980; Seymour, Phytol. Mem. 1:
245. 19805 Wieeins, Fa,: Baja. Calif.) 530, [532], & 535, Pee 508.
1980; Hillebrand, Fl. Haw. Isls., imp. 2 [Cramer, Repr. U. S.
Floras 9:] 341. 1981; Mold., Phytologia 47: 411, 413, 414, 461,

& 510 (1981) and 48: 451 & 510. 1981.

Post & Kuntze (1904) divide the genus into the following Sec-
tions: (1) EFublairia Kuntze [Blairia Adanson, 1763, Patya Neck.,
1790, Aparinaria Schau, ,.1847], (2) Bursera Kuntze [Loefl., 1758,
Priva Adans., 1763, Eupriva Schau. ,1847] and (3) Castelia
Benth. & Hook. £. (Cav.). Loefling , however , proposed a "Burseria”,
not “Bursera".

Excluded species:

Priva betulaesfolia H.B.K. ex Lopez-Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm.

Univ. Andes 20: 2;, sphalm. 1979 = Phyla betulaefolia (H.B.K.)

Greene.

PRIVA ADHAERENS (Forsk.) Chiov.

Additional synonymy: Priva leptostachya Kobuski ex Chiov., Fl.
Somal. 1: 274, in syn. 1929 [not P. leptostachya A. L. Juss., 1806,
nor L.,.1940',, nor H. H. W.) Pearson, 1966].

Additional & emended bibliography: D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 3: 606.
1843; C. Muell. in Walp., Ann. Bot. Syst. 5: 706. 1860; Balf. f.,
Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 31: [Bot. Socotra] 332--333 & 433. 1888;
Vierh., K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Denkschr. 71: 114 [434]. 1907; Chiov.,
PON Scouall: G9 2 7 Bo274.. 19292) A. Nin & Aw di Mold.» Pigg tifa, 22; 59.
1948; Mold., Phytologia 43: 330--331, 425, & 426. 1979; Mold.,
Phytol. Mem. 2: 201--204, 227, 231, 234, 246, 253, 434, 435, 449, &
572. 1980; Mold.., Phytologia 47: 413. 1981.

PRIVA AFRICANA Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 43: 332. 1979; Mold.,
Phytol. Mem. 2: 241, 246, & 572. 1980.

1981 Moldenke, Notes on Priva 61

PRIVA ANGOLENSIS Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold. , Phytologia 43: 332. 1979;
Meld. Phytol. Mem. 2::.234 6 5/2. 1980).

PRIVA ARMATA S. Wats.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 43: 420. 1979;
Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 66 & 572. 1980.

PRIVA ASPERA H.B.K.

Emended synonymy: Priva aspera Jumb. & Bonpl. apud Steud., Nom.
Bot, Phan. i ed. J, 65/7 .41e2n.

Additional & emended bibliography: Steud., Nom. Bot. Phan., ed.
W657 (1821) and ed. 2,22 397. 18415 4D. Dietr., Syn. PLS: 606.
1843; Hillebrand, Fl. Haw. Isls., imp. 1, 341. 1888; B. L. Robin-
son, Proc. Amer. Acad. Sci. 5: 531. 1916; Mold., Phytologia 43:
420 (1979) and 44: 102. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 66, 73, 7/6,
78, 79, 82, 359, 434, & 572. 1980; Seymour, Phytol. Mem. 1: 245.
1980; Hillebrand, Fl. Haw. Isls., imp. 2 [Cramer, Repr. U. S.
Filoras 9:])) 341. 1981.

Dr. Sousa, in a personal communication to me, records this spe-
cies from Quintana Roo, Mexico. Recent collectors describe it as
an erect herb, 1 m. tall, the inflorescence-axes dull-purple, and
the fruit turning black and fleshy. The corollas are said to
have been "lilac-pink" on Brenan 14465.

Material of this species has been misidentified and distributed
in some herbaria as "Labiatae". On the other hand, the Cochrane,
Kolerman, & Cochrane 8651, distributed as P. aspera, actually is
P. lappulacea (L.) Pers., while Arguelles 1299 is P. mexicana (t..)
Pers. The "Priva aspera" listed by Hillebrand (1888, 1981) is ac-
tually Salvia occidentalis Sw. in the Lamiaceae!

Additional citations: MEXICO: Chiapas: Brenan, Brenan, & Green-
wood in Brenan 14465 (W--2892124).

PRIVA AURICOCCEA Meeuse
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 43: 334. 1979; Mold.,
Phytol. Mem. 2: 243 & 572. 1980.

PRIVA BAHTENSIS P. DC.

Additional bibliography: C. Muell. in Walp., Ann. Bot. Syst. 5:
706. 1860; Mold., Phytologia 43: 420--421. 1979; Mold., Phytol.
Mem. 2: 161, 178, & 572. 1980; Mold. & Bromley in Harley & Mayo,
Toward Checklist Fl. Bahia 192. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 47: 461.
1981.

Recent collectors describe this plant as a tall herb, to cm. in
height, with green fruit, and have encountered it at 50 m. alti-
tude, fruiting in March, recording the vernacular name, "pega-
pinto".

Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Hage 234 (Ld).

PRIVA BOLIVIANA Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 43; 421. 1979; Mold.,
Phytol. Mem. 2: 175, 178, 190, & 572. 1980.

62 P BY of O41 Gee # Vol. 49, No. 1

PRIVA CORDIFOLIA (L. f.) Druce

Additional & emended bibliography: Roxb., Hort. Beng., imp. 1
46. 1814+. Loud:.,,. Hort... Brituied 0, «24S (850) .and) edie, 246
18323) Roxbs, 'F1l.. Ind.4 eds. 25 impa 1, 3590221. 2852496. .0en. 48
sweet, Hort... Brit .,) ed. 34,552. 1839;)'C,.. Mueliantin Waltons Aun. Bot .
Syst. S706. 1860; RoxbigrPd.. Indy: eda 2, dp 2,. 468. 1874;
Balf. £.,, Trans..Roy;.,.Soc. Edinb. 31: (Bot... Soeatra}) 232—234.
1888; Vierh., K. Akad. Wiss. Wien Denkschr. 71: 114--115 [434--
435). 19075) Marloth, Fa..4'S,. Atriin 3s 1460, 19326 5Ron go peeeen pated 5
25° imp’. 35 488, 1971; Holm, Pancho,:,Herberger,,,.& Plucknett,. Geogr.
Atlas World Weeds 296. 1979; Mold., Phytologia 43: 421--426 (1979)
and, 446592 DOB) 0& 109% 97 95. Mold.) Prrytol.., Mem: 220461256, 257,
BSD 2699 274k 27351295 51859), AS4,. &)5/2. 1980" Moxhey Hare a Bere. «
imps, 25, 46:40 1980:

,

PRIVA CORDIFOLIA var. ABYSSINICA (Jaub. & Spach) Mold.

Additional & emended bibliography: C. Muell. in Walp., Ann.
BOE. SYSE.| -519705..0 1.8603 "Balt. £..) Tmans..|Roys Sech. keen oP
[Bot. Socotra] 232--233 & 433. 1888; Vierh., K. Akad. Wiss. Wien
Denkschr. 71: 114--115 [434--435]. 1907; Mold., Phytologia 43:
2A-—42G 1979. Moldts Phytol... Meme, 2 i199. ,.,201l——20 A 22 22h
23h, 2380239 24d 246.2515 253), 434, & 572-573 wee.

Kazi seters -to this, plant asa: “shrub";, ) mw-tabkl, and his
material has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria
as P. curtisiae Kobuski.

Additional citations: SOMALIA: Kazmi 341 (Mu).

PRIVA CORDIFOLIA var. AUSTRALIS Mold.
Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 43: 424 & 426 (1979)
and 44: 109. 1979s Modid.,.\ Phytol, Mem, .2¢ 241.5246, & 933-0980.
Dahlstrand found this plant growing on sandstone, at 900 m.
altitude, in fruit in May. His material has been misidentified
and distributed in some herbaria as P. meyeri Jaub. & Spach.
Additional citations: SOUTH AFRICA: Transvaal: Dahlstrand 1638
(Go).

PRIVA CORDIFOLIA var. FLABELLIFORMIS Mold.

Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 44: 92 & 109. 1979;
Motdes Phytol seMem,.2\s W220. 224.22 Ty 23652385) (239 po2bhget& p53
1980.

PRIVA CURTISIAE Kobuski

Addttaonal. bibliography: Hs 'N. & A. L.. Mold., Pls Lite 2ee55
1948; Mold., Phytologia 44: 92--93. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2:
227 Sa23k,, 08 5734/1980.

The Kazmi 341, distributed as P. curtisiae, actually is P.
cordifolia var. abyssinica (Jaub. & Spach) Mold.

PRIVA DOMINGENSIS Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 354. 1912.

Additional & emended bibliography: Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 354.
1912; Mold., Phytologia 44: 93. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 96 &
5/73, 1980.

1981 Moldenke, Notes on Priva 63

Although the original Urban description of this taxon is often
cited as "1911" or "1912", it was actually published on October
Mes. 1912).

PRIVA GRANDIFLORA (Ort.) Mold.

Additional bibliography: Mold. , Phytologia 44: 93--95. 1979:
Molds Phytol. Memes 2: 665 3595) & 573 2980):

Recent collectors have found this plant growing on pine savan-
nas and mesquite-nopal savannas on gentle slopes of reddish sandy
loam in a valley between farms of corn and Agave, Among scrub
junipers on rock alluvium of plateaus, in oak and sparse pine
forests , "in red soil with weeds" ,in cutover fields planted with
trees of Eucalyptus, Erythrina, and Acacia, and among shrubs and
many Lupinus marshallianus, at Sills ke feet aa. in flower
in July. Arsene refers to the plant as "pungent"

Material of this species has been niet deneweied and distributed
in some herbaria as Verbena sp. and as V. chamaedryfolia var.
melindres Cham.

Additional citations: MEXICO: Chihuahua: Fllis, Dunn, & Wallace
918 (Lb--129933). Durango: Johnston & Ettlinger 2664 (Me);
Johnston & Johnston 1828 (Me--129807); LeDoux & Dunn 1909 (Lb--
129502). Guanajuato: Kishler 395 (Me--268668), 699 (Me--274983).
Mexico: Hess, Dziekanowski, Case, Dunn, Trott, & Thurm 1219 (Lb--
153563); Wieder, Dunn, Bennett, & Torke 86 (Lb--139199). Michoa-
cd4n: Ars@éne 2721 (Me--185506). Zacatecas: Lane & Longstreth 2707
(Au).

PRIVA HUMBERTI Mold.
Additional bibliography:: Mold., Phytologia 44: 95...19795 Mald,,
Paytoy. Mem. 23) 252 & 573... VWs80.

PRIVA LACINIATA Mold.
Additional biblioeraphy: Moild:.),. -Phytologia 44% 95.1979 3 Mold. ;
Phyto... Mem. 2:° 105 “6 573. 2980.

PRIVA LAPPULACEA (L.) Pers.

Additional synonymy: Tamonea lappulacea Pers., in herb.

Additional & emended bibliography: Sandmark in L., Amoen. Acad.
5s (375. 1759; Aubl i, Hists Pho Guiana Pra dee 67 Se
in L.; Syst.. Nat., ed:) 213i, imp. 2, 25.40, 7Sks Steuds5; Nom, bare
Phan !; adi. 1, 6576 873016242) Loud, Hort. Brit sede, ah.
18305 Schlecht. & Cham., Binnaea (5: 99. 18305. Sweet, Hort.) brite,
ediir2, 418.) 18303: Loud., ‘Bort. Britsyited. 2, Q46.nhss2 ben
in Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 3), 246. 1839; GC. Don adm Sweebjiare.
Brit, ed. 3, 552: 18393 Steudsy Nom. Botii. ed. 2A2Z) S97 G0.
1841; D. Dietr., Syn. Bot. 3: 606. 1843; C. Muell. in Walp., Ann.
Bot. Syst.5: 706. 18605 Ulrich, Internat... (WOrterb., “eds 1,)1185
(1871) and ed. :2, 1852) 18753 Stahl j.Estud. FlePuerto Ricogeado,
33-287--288 & 363.1888; Baili., Hist’ Plo 94.) 189s: dai,
Willis, Dict: Flow. Pl.,5\ eds 2,530 (1903) ‘and veds3,5546 < 1208;
Urbs; Symb.s Antils 4: 534. 2ORis I. Ce Widlis picts iow Pes,
éd..'597539. (1925; Stahl, Estud. Pls Puerto, Rico, ved.).25, 32 28/2,

64 P BAYT: 0.5; 0- Cth Vol. 49, No. 1

288 & 363. 1937; H. N. & A. L. Mold., Pl. Life 2: 33. 1948; Met-
calfe & Chalk, Anat. Dicot. 2: 1040. 1950; J. C. Willis, Dicot.
Flow. Pl., ed. 6, 539. 1951; Alain in Ledn & Alain, Fl. Cuba, imp.
1, 4: 302, figs 130 A. 19573; D. Powell, Bull. Inst... Jam. Sci. 15
(2): 424. 1973; Fournet, Fl. Illust. Phan. Guad. Mart. 1399--1400,
fig. 665. 1978; Mukherjee & Chanda, Trans. Bose Res. Inst. 41: 53.
1978; Holm, Pancho, Herberger, & Plucknett, Geogr. Atlas World
Weeds 296. 1979; Lépez-Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Andes
20: 30. 1979; Mold., Phytologia 44: 95--105. 1979; Mold., Phytol.
Mem. 2: 23, 50, 66, 70, 73, 74, 76--79, 82, 84--87, 90, 92, 94,
96, PB 995: 1045, I02 0102, 105. 10k, 218, B25 ia ae es 18d
1355 462,, 275, 290,317.) .359,' 375" GL, G34) 437 4G, 4635-549,
463, & 573. 1980; Seymour, Phytol. Mem. 1: 245. 1980; Wiggins, Fl.
Baja Calif. [532] & 533, fig. 501. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 47:
414. 1981.

Additional & emended illustrations: Alain in Ledén & Alain, Fl.
Cuba, imp. 4,: 4: 302, fig. 130. A. 19573. Fournet, Fls Tllust. Phan.
Guad. Mart. 1400, fig. 665. 1978; Wiggins, Fl. Baja Calif. [532],
fig, 501. 4980.

Recent collectors have found this plant growing at the lower
edge of tropical deciduous forests with canopy trees 4.6--10.7 m.
tall, in association with spiny legumes, Bursera simarouba and
Ficus in large limestone canyons with Muntingia calabura, Bauhin-
ia divaricata, Piper, and Croton, in pastures and disturbed pas-
tures, gallery forests, weedy fields, the understory of low de-
ciduous forests, and in roadcuts on inland steep slopes with dis-
turbed mostly deciduous forest and scattered large trees (mostly
Ficus), the ridges and upper Pacific gentle slopes with coffee
plantations and a tall understory of mostly evergreen trees, some-
times in association with Sida and Heliotropium, on steep slopes
and cliffs, rocky slopes bordering intermittent streams, and
ridges, sometimes "common" or "uncommon" along roadsides, "com-
mon in shade on hillsides". in forest shade, or “common in cutover
tall wet forests and roadsides with scattered individual trees
and small remnant patches of forest", at sealevel to 100 m. alti-
tude, in flower in February, July, August, and December, and in
fruit in February and July. The corollas are said to have been
"blue" on Foster & al. 3307, Stevens 2798, and Steyermark & Espin-
oza 108774, "pale-purple" on Stevens 2710, 4693, & 9380, "very
pale-purple" on Stevens 9082, "purple" on Forero & al. 1902,
"purple-pink" on Lemke 40, "pale-blue with 2 longitudinal violet
stripes" on Lasseign P.21182, and "lavender-blue" on Croat 34678.
Stevens refers to it as "uncommon". The vernacular name, "cadilloy
has been reported.

Seymour (1980) cites the following collections from Nicaragua:
Chontales: Seymour 6040. Granada: Dudley & Moore 1983, Hall &
Bockus 7539, Seymour 7515. Managua: Seymour 752 & 2338. Masaya:
Nervaez 97. Matagalpa: Atwood 2487. Rio San Juan: Seymour 6189.

Additional citations: MEXICO: San Luis Potosi: Cochrane, Kol-
terman, & Cochrane 8651 (Ld). Tabasco: Romero, Gonzalez, & Miranda
s.n. [C. Cowan 1689] (Au, N). Tamaulipas: Lemke 40 (Au). NICARAG-
UA: Carazo: W. D. Stevens 2710 (Ld), Chontales: W. D. Stevens 2798
(Ld), 4019 (Ld). [to be continued]

NEW SPECIES OF JUSTICIA (ACANTHACEAE)

Dieter C. Wasshausen
Department of Botany
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. 20560

Recent efforts to identify specimens of Justicia collected
in Sonora, Mexico and Arizona have resulted in the recognition
of the following undescribed taxon.

JUSTICIA SONORAE Wassh., sp. nov.

Herba ramosa, caulibus simplicibus vel modice ramosis,
ascendentibus, subquadrangularibus, glabris vel sericeis; lamina
foliorum ovata, acuminata, basi obtusa, aliquanto firma, integra
vel undulata, costa et venis lateralibus sericeis, cystolithis
prominentibus; spicae plures, terminales et axillares, laxae,
rhachibus pubescentibus; bracteae ovatae, acutae carinatae,
parce puberulae; bracteolae lanceolatae, bracteolis similes;
calycis segmenta 4, lanceolata, graciliter acuta, hirtella;
corolla violacea ad purpuream, glabra vel parce hirtella, labiis
subaequilongis, labio superiore suberecto, ovato, apice ipso
truncato, labio inferiore patulo, 3-lobato, lobis obovatis,
rotundatis; stamina exserta, lobis antherarum leviter super-
positis; capsulae clavatae, puberulae.

Perennial herb to ks em high; stems weak, erect or ascend-
ing, simple or moderately branched, subquadrangular, shallowly
grooved, glabrous or sericeous, the hairs more or less in two
lines, internodes 3.5-9 cm long, cystoliths numerous, subpuncti-
form; leaf blades ovate, 2-5.5 cm long, 1.2-2.2 cm wide, acumi-
nate, obtuse at base, entire or undulate, moderately firm, the
costa and lateral veins (3-4 pairs) sericeous, the hairs similar
to those on the stems, the intercostal areas essentially glab-
rous, cystoliths prominent under magnification; petioles slender,
5 mm long, the channel sparingly sericeous; flowers borne in
axillary and terminal spikes, these rather lax, 3-10 cm long,
O.7-3 cm wide, the peduncle 1-2.5 cm long, subquadrangular,

0.75 mm thick, puberulous, the rachis glandular pubescent,
lowermost internodes 2 cm long, successively shorter towards
the tip of the spike; bracts ovate, 3.5 mm long, 1.4 mm wide at
base, acute conduplicate, sparingly puberulous; bractlets lanceo-
late, 4 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, narrowed to a slender tip, in
other respects similar to the bracts; calyx 5.5 mm long, deeply
segmented, the segments 4, lanceolate, the anterior and posterior
Segments O.75 mm wide below middle, the lateral segments O.5 mm
wide, all narrowed to a slender tip, the outer surface moderately
hirtellous, the hairs intermixed with slightly longer and more
rigid glandular ones, the inner surface glabrous; corolla violet
to purple, 3-3.5 cm long, glabrous to sparingly hirtellous, the
hairs spreading, straight, the tube narrowly campanulate, 3 mm

65

66 Pon YT oe. L, Oo 6 .1E ok Vol. 49, No.

broad at base, narrowed at 5 mm above base to 2 mm, thence
gradually enlarged to 5 mm at mouth, the upper lip suberect,
ovate, 1.1 cm long, 6.5 mm wide at base, gradually narrowed to
1.2 mm at tip, the tip itself truncate, the lower lip more or
less spreading, deeply 3-lobed, 1. cm long, 1 cm wide at base
of lobes, these obovate, 1 cm long, the middle lobe 7 mm wide,
the lateral ones 6 mm wide, all rounded at tip; stamens exserted
about 5 mm beyond mouth of corolla tube, the filaments flattened
anther lobes slightly superposed, about 1.5 mm long, attached
vertically to a relatively narrow connective, pollen grains
2=porate, bilateral, 5c uw long, 37 u wide; capsules clavate,

1.2 cm long, 3 mm broad, 1.8 mm thick, puberulous, some of the
hairs glandular; seeds 4, brownish, cordate, flattened, about

© mm long and wide, and O.5 mm thick, muricate, the projections
low and rounded.

Type. T. R. Van Devender s. n. (holotype US, isotype ARIZ)
Mexico, Sonora: 17.2 m S-SE of Magdalena, palm canyon in Cerro
Cinta de Plata (= Sierra Babiso), 13 Feb 1977.

Distribution. Growing on steep banks and slopes and near
bottom of shaded arroyo in Sonora, Mexico and Arizona, at
elevation between 700 and 1,130 m. Dominant perennial plant
association: uercus arizonica, Juglans major, Fraxinus
velutina, Agave ochoui and Muhlenbergia dumosa. Arizona.
Cochise County: Kiper Springs, 110° 24' w, 32° 03' N, 7 May
1979, R. M. Turner 79-77 (ARIZ, US). Mexico. Sonora: Palm
Canyon, 17 m SE of Magdalena, Cerro Cinta de Plata (Sierra
Babiso), 9 Mar 1979, D. Steadman & K. Schmidt s. n. (ARIZ);

19 Mar 1978, Niall F. McCarten & Roxanne L. Bittman 2693 (ARIZ);
27-29 Nov 1977, Mike Fay 714 (ARIZ); 8-9 Apr 1977, T. R.

Van Devender, M. C. Kearns & K. L. Cole s. n. (ARIZ, US); 2.3 m
E of Rio de Bavispe by Huasabas to El Coyote and Huachinera
Road, 109° 16' W, 299 56' N, 18 Mar 1979, F. W. Reichenbacher
als (ARIZ). Cultivated in greenhouse at Desert Botanical Garden
pra Park, Phoenix, Arizona, 29 Dec 1978, R. G. Engard s. n.
(US).

Justicia sonorae is not nearly allied to the other known
species.

af

,

3

?

1981 Wasshausen, New species of Justicia 67

Fig. 1. Justicia sonorae Wassh.: A, habit x 4; B, habit
with capsules, x q; C, bract, x 5; D, bractlets and calyx, x 15;
E, corolla, x 13; F, corolla expanded, x 13.

68

P.. BY fh, 0.4) O00 Bad Vol. 49. N

Fig. 2. Pollen grain of Justicia sonorae Wassh., (R. G.
Engard s.n.); above, equitorial view, x 1400; below surface view
showing the unevenly spaced insulae surrounding the aperture,

x 3000.

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES ON NEOTROPICAL FLORA, XIII

Jose Cuatrecasas
Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution
Washington, D.C. 20560

BACCHARIS AYACUCHENSIS Cuatr. sp. noc.

Frutex ramdsus erectus ud 2 m altus, ramis ultimis robustis
striolatis, brunnescenti viridibus dense subtomentosis pilis uni-
seriatis crassiusculis patulis, rectis vel curvis basim versus
incrassatis, basi conica, apice acuto, 0.2-0.6 (-0.8) mm longis.

Folia alterna crassiuscula subcoriacea rigidula atroviridia
in sicco brunnescentia fragiliaque, breviter petiolata. Lamina
lanceolata apicem attenuata acutissima, basim cuneata margine
serrata dentibus antrorsis minutis callosis acutis 0.5 m longis,
2-4 mm inter sese distantibus; pennatinervis, adaxiale plana ner-
vis parum notatis, praecipue costa pilosa, reliqua glabra;
abaxiale costa robusta eminenti nervis secundariis 10-11 paribus
prominentibus, ascendentibus, arcuatis anastomosantibus, nervis
tertiis et minoribus in reticulum prominulum, laxiusculum ana-
stomosatis, costa dense crassi-pilosa, reliqua superficie sparse
pilosa pilis distale setosis fragilibus apice acuto basi tuber-
culato-conica persistenti.

Inflorescentia corymboso paniculata composita terminalis,
11-14 cm ampla, densa et floribundissima valde ramosa ramis
ramilisque numerosis congestiusculis tomentulosis et bracteosis.
Bracteae foliosae, structura et forma folia simillissima, sed sur-
sum gradatim breviores; bracteolae lineares, 5-2 mm longae.
Pedicelli graciles erecti 1.5-5 mm longi tomentulosi.

Capitula feminea 6-8 mm longa, discoidea, 6-12 flores pis-
tillatos ferentia. Involucrum tubulosum 6-7 mm longum 2-2.3 m
diametro, 26-29 phyllariis 7-8 seriatim imbricatis. Phyllaria
rigide paleacea, dorso brunnescentia marginem straminea, exter-
iora ovata vel elliptica, minute acuteque apiculata, concava 1.8-
2 x 1 mm, marginibus sursum lacerato-ciliatis, setis acutis
antrorsis; interiora 5.5-6 mm longa 0.6-0.7 mm lata, acuminataque
subplana, quam externa magis tenera et pallidiora. Flores fem-
inei corolla capillari-tubulosa 3.2-3.5 mm longa apice irregular-
iter 5 dentata lobulis brevissimis obtusiusculis, distale pilosula
pilis cellulis uniseriatis, crassiusculis antrorsis erectis vel
tortuosis 0.3-1.5 mm longis. Stylus 4.6-5 mm longus corollam
valde excedens apice bifidus lobis lineari-lanceolatis 0.45-0.5
mm longis, basi leviter ampliatus bulbosus. Ovarium anguste ob-
longum 0.8-0.9 mm longum 5-nervatum glabrum, apice obtusum, basi
callosa cellulis 2-3 seriatis annularibus. Pappus im vivo can-
didissimus, in herbario stramineus, 5-6 mm longus sed pilis in-
aequilongis copiosis uniseriatis strigosis basi crassioribus
breviter coalitis.

Typus: Peru, Dep. Ayacucho, Prov. La Mar: eastern Massif

69

70 Pa eT oO Coa Vol. 49, No. 1]

of Cordillera Central opposing the Cord. Vilcabamba, between Tam-
bo Sn. Miguel and Hacienda Luisiana; in grassland above timberline
on exposed summit ridges and slopes of puna, at Punccu, 3400-3600
m alt along Inca trail c. 30 km Hacienda Sta Rosa, 10 km from
Tambo; 6 ft. perennial with dark, glossy green leaves, pappus
white. 24 Aug 1968, T.R. Dudley 12005, Holotype USNA; isotype US.
Baccharis ayacuchensis belongs to the section Pinnatae Cuatr.
which includes B. buddleioides HBK and B. pentlandii Dc. It is
well distinguished by its narrow lanceolate, acute short-petiolate
leaves, the large terminal corymboid inflorescences, the narrow
cylindrical involucre and the low number of female flowers.

BACCHARIS DUDLEYI Cuatr. sp. nov.

Frutex scandens, ramis ochraceo-viridibus breviter strigosis
pilis acutis circa 0.1 mm longis, terminalibus angulato-flexuosis
ramulis floriferis patulis vel reflexis. Folia alterna petiolata
luteoloviridia. Lamina coriacea flexibilis in sicco viridi-
ochracea, lanceolato elliptica, 7-12 mm longe acuminata, basi at-
tenuata obtusiuscula vel obtusa, apice acutissima 5-11 cm longa,
2-3.5 cm lata (7-12 mm longe acuminata), margine integerrima,
utrinque puberulo-strigulosa pilis crassiusculis subadpressis
sparsis sed ad costum copiosis, etiam sparse glandulata, glandulis
minutissimis globosis sessilibus vel immersis resiniferis, nitid-
isque; costa subtus prominenti nervis secundariis 6-8 utroque
latere prominentibus subpatulis arcuatis anastomosantibus, nervis
tertiis minoribusque laxiuscule reticulatis, reticulo minusculo
prominulo bene couspicua, superficie abaxiale minute sparse gland-
ulosa. Petioli 5-10 mm longi tereti minute striguloso-puberuli.
Inflorescentiae at terminationes ramulorum, axillares et termin-
ales, racemiformi-paniculatae valde patentes plerumque reflexae,
Ccapitulis breviter pedicellatis vel subsessilibus plerumque 3-5-
glomeratis.

Capitula mascula ante anthesin (alabastra) 3.7-4.5 mm longa
1.4 mm lata cylindracea. Involucrum 20-23 phyllariis pluriseri-
atis imbricatis scariosis ad apicem attenuatis minute pilosiuscul-
is, proximalibus ovatis rigidis concavis 1-1.5 x 0.2-1.2 mm, sub-
obtusis, medialibus circa 2 x 1.2 mm ovatis subacutatis, distalibus
ellipticis vel oblongo-ellipticis 2.8 x 0.6-1 mm, acutis omnibus
circa apicem apiceque breviter ciliatobarbatis. Flores masculi
3-4 in capitulo. Corolla ante anthesin tubo brevissimo sed lobis
1.5 mm longis lanceolato-linearibus acutis marginibus incrassatis,
abaxiale pluribus glandulis globosis circa 0.05 mm diam valde con-
spicuis, ad apicem plerumque 1-2 pilis unicellularibus crassis
Yigidis acutis erectis 0.1-0.2 mm longis. Antherae immaturae 1.5
mm basi minute auriculatae. Stylus ramis lance-linearibus acutis-
simis 1 mm bene liberis dense papilloso-hispidulis. Rudimentum
ovarfi pubescente pilis uniseriatis longiusculis.

Typus: Peru, Hudnuco, southeastern slope of Rio Llulla
Pichis watershed, on the ascent of Cerros del Sira, in open and

1981 Cuatrecasas, Miscellaneous notes Tal

drier ridges and banks in cloud forest about halfway between Laguna
and Peligroso, 1450 m, 23 Jul 1969, T.R. Dudley 13183; holotypus
NA. Paratype: same locality, on edges of sharp ridges (cejas);
1350 m, high climbing prolific dense vine in dense elfin forest
(“monte chico"), 24 Jul 1969, T.R. Dudley 13238; paratype, NA.
Other specimens, same localities, Dudley 13045, 13173 (NA).
Baccharis dudleyi is most peculiar on account of the zig-
zag shape of the fertile branchlets, the distal axillary inflores-
cences being strongly patent, mostly retroflex. This disposition
frequently found in Archibaccharis, is rather rare in the genus
Baccharis. The shape and structure of the leaves of this new
Species 1s also characteristic, the glandular punctuation, the
shortly strigose puberulence, the extremely reduced number of
flowers (3-4), and the features of the corolla make this species
unique. Only when mature male flowers and female specimens are
available will be possible to determine the true affinities of B.
dudleyi within the genus. -

BACCHARIS DAVIDSONII Cuatr. sp. nov.

Fruticulum parvum prostratum caespitosum interdum pulvinatun,
caule valde ramoso glabro ramis ramulisque intricatis, ramusculis
ultimis rosulas minusculas terminales dense foliatas virides ad
solum visu sessiles et congestas efferentibus. Rosulae 10-15 mm
diametro, foliis numerosis cum vaginis amplectentibus congeste im-
bricatis, spiraliter multiseriatis densissimeque dispositis, dis-
tale visu laeteviridibus, proximalibus vetustis marcescentibus
caulem tegentibus.

Folia in totum 7-10 m longa; lamina 4.5-6 mm longa 1.5-2 mm
lata, crassa subcoriacea rigida patens, linearis apice subobtusa
vel subacuta glabra adaxiale laevis subnitidaque, abaxiale tantum
nervo medio profunde impresso conspicua, basi in vaginam gradatim
ampliata producta. Vagina membranaceo - crassiuscula 2.4-3.5 mm
longa 2-2.5 mm lata, marginibus tenuioribus hyalinis nervo medio
bene notato.

Capitula solitaria terminalia a centro rosularum singula pro-
ducta; mascula semiglobosa 7-8 mm alta 7-8.5 (-9) m lata, 50-60
flores ferentia (exceptione tantum 22-24 flores). Involucrum 6-7
mm altum phyllariis rigide membranaceis 3-4-seriatis exterioribus
oblongo-ovatis vel ovatis 4-4.5 x 2 mm interioribus 12-14 subsequil-
ongis circa 5 x 1.5-1 mm, oblongo-ellipticis apice subacutatis ob-
nibus marginibus hyalinis sursum lacerato-ciliatis dorso brunnescen-
tibus, intimis ad apicem plus minusve purpurascentibus. Receptaculum
planum pleruruque 3.5-4 mm diam (-2.6 mm), alveolatum marginibus
alveolorum membranaceis acute lacerato-dentatis projectionibus in-
aequalibus acutis 0.5-1.5 mm longis.

Corollae masculae 4.2-5 mm longae parte media copiose pilosulae
pilis crassius culis obtusis pluricellularibus biseriatis 0.05-0.4
mm longis, tubo crasso, limbo infundibulformi lobis oblongo-triangu-
latis 1-1.2 mm longis abaxiale sparsis minutis pilis crassis biser-

fies Po Y, TOO: L, OG ane Vol. 49, No. 1

iatis 0.005-0.1 mm longis. Antherae 1.5 mm longae basi breviter
auriculatae, appendicibus apicalibus angustis acutiusculis 0.2-0.3
mm longis. Stylus crassiusculus distale dense papilloso-pilosus,
apice breviter divisus. Ovarium rudimentarium brevissimum glabrun.
Pappus albus setis teneris uniseriatis strigosis 4-5 mm longis, a-
picem ampliatis. Capitula et flores feminei ignoti.

Typus: Peru, Dept. Junin, route 20A trans-Andean from Linea
to La Oroya km 125 E of Casapalca; cold boggy seepage and small
stream in linestone and red clay; West slope at head of small val-
ley 14250 ft elev.; vegetation of Chuquiraga oppositifolia, Azorel-
la caespitosa and Distichia muscoides; cespitose stems branching
underground. 11 Nov 1979, Ch Davidson a J. Jones 9000; Holotypus,
US.

This Peruvian species is remarkable for its fruticulous, woody,
prostrate, semisubterranean habit (cryptofrutex). The many intri-
cate, lignous branchlets, are each terminated by a minuscule perfect
crowded rosette 10-15 mm diam. They may cover the ground forming
cespitose patches with each rosette very conspicuous. This taxon
is closely related to Baccharis acaulis (Wedd. ex Fries) Cabrera,
from the Andes of Jujuy and Salta (Argentina) and Laracaja (Bolivia)
It differs by the woodier nature of the plant, and the more robust
ultimate branches which support larger and thicker rosettes (up to
15 mm wide). The leaves are thick and rigid up to 10 m long, the
lamina is up to 6 mm long by 1.5 (-2) mm wide. The male heads of
7-8 (-9) mm diam are singly sitting at the center of the rosettes,
usually they carry 50-60 flowers, the corollas are 4.3-5 mm long,
copiously hairy at the distal part of the tube and base of the 1linb,
and the lobes are barbate outside. In all the specimens of B.
acaulis observed, the branchlets are weaker and flexuous, the roset-
tes are smaller (5-8 mm wide), the leaves are thinner and unequal,
the distal regular leaves of the rosettes have 3-5 mm long by 0.6-
0.8 mm broad, somewhat flexible lamina, whereas some of the proximal
leaves are longer (up to 14-15 mm), the laminas 10-11 m long,
Slender and flexuous, the sheaths are 3-4 mm long, triangular,
thinly scarious and hyaline up to 3-3.5 mm wide at base. The heads
in B. acaulis are about 5 mm high x 4 mm wide with 15-38 flowers,
the - receptacle is 1-1.5 m wide, the phyllaries are thinly scariow,
the inner ones 4 x 1.2 m, the external ones 3.6-4 x 1.2-2.2 m.

The corollas in B. acaulis are smaller and of weaker texture, 3.2-
3.5 mm long including the 0.6 mm long lobes, with fewer and shorter
hairs (+0.05 mm). Specimens examined of Baccharis ak Fries
701, Jujui, Moreno 3500 mn, Argentina (US, isotype d). L.B. Smith
7659, Salta, San Antonio de los Cobres, Argentina (US,%). L.B.
Smith 4666 Salta, Diego Almagro, Argentina (US,%). Asplund 5685,
General Campers 4200, Bolivia (US, %%).

BACCHARIS UNIFLORA (Ruiz § Pavon) Pers. Syn. Plant. 2:425. 1807.

Molina uniflora Ruiz §& Pavon, Syst. Veget. 208. 1798.

1981 Cuatrecasas, Miscellaneous notes as

Baccharis grindeliaefolia Wedd. Chl. And. 1:176-177. Nov.
Type: Gay "Cordilleres du department de Cuzco''. Peru. Photo F.
he o77 20):

Ruiz and Pavon (l.c. 1798) gave a short diagnosis of Molina

uniflora: ''Molina foliis lanceolatis serrato-dentatis confertis
sessilibus, pedunculis terminalibus squamosis unifloris. Planta
fruticosa, quadripedalis'. I have never been able to locate a R.

§ P. specimen attributed to this species. The localities cited by
the authors are the hills around Tarma, and also the provinces of
Curis (Ica), Huichay and Tarmatambo, what means a broad area for
the species, but Tarma can be considered the type locality. A
recently received specimen from Bernardi collected in Cordillera
Negra (Ancash) agrees with the original description, having crowd-
ed leaves, almost imbricate, elliptic lanceolate, distally serrate
in one branch, almost entire in another, and having the monocepha-
lous peduncle terminal. Also, Ferreyra 7474, in US, with three
long branches monocephalous, leaves oblanceolate and minutely ser-
rate and sometimes entire, can be well place in this R. §& P. con-
cept; collection Ferreyra 5758 is simular. A Macbride specimen
(1051) collected at Tarma, identified as B. grindelifolia, has
several monocephalous branches with others polycephalous, the
leaves being deeply serrate-dentate. Itis so with many specimens
identified correctly as B. grindelifolia which type is Gay, Cuzco
(Photo F.M. 37720). The observation of all available collections
show that the species is polymorphic varying from many headed
branchlets more or less corymboid to others with few heads or a
single one; the leaves vary from broadly lanceolate or oblanceolate,
deeply dentate serrate to narrowly lanceolate or sublanceolate, and
with shortly serrate to subentire margins. The conclusion is that
B. grindeliaefolia Wedd. and M. uniflora R. & P. are forms of the
same and single species. Especimenms examined: Bernardi § al
16656, Callan 4220-4300 m, Cordillera Negra, regione Huaraz, 16-X-
7@ (US); Ferreyra 5758, Chiquian, Ancask, 3850 m, 15-IV-49 (US);
Ferreyra 7474, Tallenga-Pachapaque, Ancask 3500-2600 m, 17-V-50
(US); Riccio & La Rosa 3581, towards Marca-Huamachuco, La Libertad
3300-3400 m, 23-II-67 (US); Macbride § Featherstone 2507, Catuc,
15 miles of Huaraz 10.500 ft. 4-X-22 (US); Macbride §& Featherstone
1839, Mito, 10500 ft, VIII-22 (US); Soukup 1976, Huancayo, Junin,
ITI-43 (US); Soukup 5575, Tocto, Ayacucho, 16-II-68 (US); Macbride
3043, Rio Blanco, 1500 ft. III-23 (US); Macbride & Featherstone
Foss. tara, 13000 ft. VI-2Z (us).

BACCHARIS Sect CYLINDRICA Heering

In my revision of the Baccharis of Colombia (1957) I erron-
eously typified the section Cylindrica Heering with Baccharis
tridentata Baker which in no way agrees with my own description of
the referred section. At the time of the typification, I had
rather in mind using B. ulicina as the type species, but some con-
fusion occurred while copying the drafts for the final text. Ariza

74 Pon YD O. LeOnts, tae Vol. 49, No. 1

was correct in calling the attention about the error and he sug-
gested another species for lectotype (Ariza, Las Especies de
Baccharis de Argentina Central, Trab. Mus. Bot. Univ. Nac. Cordoba

3 (4):180. 1974. Argentina.)

DIPLOSTEPHIUM RANGELII Cuatr. sp. nov.

Frutex erectus valde denseque ramosus ad 1m altus. Rami
ascendentes, ramulis ramusculisque glabris glandulosisque, erectis
dense foliatis, foliis antrorsis internodios breves tegentibus.
Folia crasse coriacea rigida sessilia; lamina 4-8 x 1.2-2.2 m, el-
liptico-oblonga basin versus attenuata, ad apicem angustata sub-
acutata apice calloso, margine valde revoluto, adaxiale glabra
viridis punctato-glandulata plus minusve glutinosa et resinoso-
granulata, abaxiale dense congesteque albo-lanata costa viridula
et glandulosa excepta; basi incrassata vaginantia.

Capitula radiata solitaria ad terminationes ramusculorum ses-
silia cum foliis supremis circumdata. Involucrum cylindraceum
11-12 mm altum. Phyllaria plerumque 18, 4-5-seriata, paleaceo-
chartacea rigidula late lanceolata acuta vel acuminata, abaxiale
sursum minute glanduloso-puberula, margine eroso-ciliata, proxi-
malia magis rigida convexo-amplectentia sursum attenuata 5-7 x 2-
2.5 mm, subininteriora 8-9 x 2-2.8 mm, intima tenera 8-10 x 2.5-l
mn. Receptaculum alveolatum marginibus alveolorum scarioso-dent-
atis.

Flores radii ligulati 5-12 in capitulo. Corolla alba 8-10 mm
longa, tubulo 3.8-4 mm longo stricto, sursum copiose pilosula pilis
glandulosis biseriato-cellulatis leviter flexuosis 0.2-0.3 mm long;
lamina linearis vel lineari-elliptica 5-6 mm longa 1-1.5 mm lata
apice obtuse minute tridentata. Stylus 7-8 mm longus, ramulis
tenuibus 1.2-1.5 mm. Ovarium oblongum 1.5-1.8 mm longum 5-nervatum
subglabrum, tantum parcissimis pilis gemmini-cellulatis rigidis
antrorsis munitum. Pappus stramineus 6.5-7 mm longus, setis bi-
seriatis, rigidis strictis strigulosis, apice acutis, exterioribus
brevioribus.

Flores disci 3-8 in capitulo. Corolla circa 6.5 mm longa,
tubulo 3 mm longo parcis vel copiosis pilis glandulosis 0.2-0.3 m,
limbo tubuloso glabro, dentibus triangularibus 0.5 mm longis mar-
ginibus incrassatis papillosisque, abaxiale in uno vel duobus lobis
copiosis glandulis crassis subellipsoideis presentibus. Antherae
2.5 mm longae basi auriculatae, appendice apicale oblonga acuta 0.4
mm. Stylus basi bulbosus, distale ramulis circa 1 mm longis argute
lanceolatis acutisque, abaxiale dense antrorse papilloso-pilosis.
Ovarium sterile reductum ad 0.8 mm longun, basi calloso-incrassatun,
sursum sparse pilosum pilis gemminis rigidis 0.15-0.2 mm. Pappus
stramineus setis circa 6.5 mm longis, rigidis, strigulosis sursum
lanceolato-dilatatis, apice acuto, parcis setis exterioribus brev-
ibus (3 mm) teneris.

Typus: Colombia, Magdalena: Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta,
Transecto de Buritaca, Filo La Cumbre, 3850 malt. Arbustillo 1 m.

1981 Cuatrecasas, Miscellaneous notes pe

Ligulas blancas con tintes violdceos. Hojas blancuzcas por el
enves, 19 Aug 1977, Orlando Rangel § Antoine M. Cleef 994. Holo-
typus US; isotypus COL.

Diplostephium rangelii belongs to the Series Lavandulifolia
Blake. It is a rare endemic of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
"biologie island'', very distinctive by many features from the other
species of the section, mainly by the sessile heads, the reduced
number of flowers in each capitulum, and the shape, size and struc-
ture of the leaves.

CONNARUS VENEZUELANUS subsp. ARAUCANUS (Cuatr.) stat. nov.
Connarus araucanus Cuatr. Brittonia 11:164. 1959.

Connarus venezuelanus var. orinocensis Forero, Brittonia
$2°41. 1980.

Connarus araucanus was described originally from Cravo Norte,
Arauca, Colombia, based on Gémez 16 (US, holotype). Dr. Forero
has found recently that it is widespread throughout the Orinocia
and neighboring places, being represented by many collections com-
ing mostly from Venezuela. He considers it a variety of Connarus
venezuelanus Baill. Forero finds that this taxon is easily dis-
tinguished from the typical C. venezuelanus by several consistent
features. Because of this morphological characterization and its
well defined natural geographic area it seems to me that the status
of subspecies is more adequate for the concerned taxon than that
of a variety.

BOOK REVIEWS

Alma L. Moldenke

"SHALLOW WATERS - A Year on Cape Cod's Pleasant Bay" by William
Sargent, xix & 139 pp., 8 color plates, 100 b/w photo & 2
maps. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts 02107.
19841. «$17.95.

Sargent's appreciation just glows from what he sees in nature
through his own eyes, his diving goggles and his camera lenses,
from what he has read as excerpted in his chapter headings, from
whac is part of his’ outlook on life as indicated in this
book's dedication ''To my son Benjamin, in hope that he will also
love the bay" and from what he offers his readers of the intrica-
cies and simplicity of plant and animal life on,in and near this
bay. The text and beautiful illustrations are organized around
the changes in the seasons. A lovely gift prospect!

"COEVOLUTION OF ANIMALS AND PLANTS" edited by Lawrence E. Gilbert
& Peter H. Raven, xiii & 246 pp., 4 color photo, 4 b/w photo,
29 dig:., 29. tab. & I map. University, of, Texas Press... f. 0;
Box 7619 Austin, wTexas /8712.:41975%, $222.50) hardcover ;
1979. $9.95 paperbound.

This book is composed of the revised papers of camera-ready
typed manuscripts presented at the First International Congress of
Systematic and Evolutionary Biology, Symposium V. The general in-
troduction stresses "the importance of coevolution as a dynamic
process involving such diverse factors as chemical communication,
population structure and dynamics, energetics, and the evolution,
structure, and functioning of ecosystems....Indeed, coevolution
really represents a point of view about the structure of nature
which has just begun to be fully and rigorously exploited, and
which holds great promise for the future." Some of the topics
discussed are: biochemical coevolution between plants and their
insect herbivores and seed predators, and coevolution between
orchids and bees, ant-plant mutualism, butterflies and plants.

The reasonable prices of both the hardcover and the newer paperback
help to keep this book "moving" on the book shelves of college and
university book stores, as well as the contents, of course.

"HORMONE ACTION IN THE WHOLE LIFE OF PLANTS" by Kenneth V. Thimann,
xi & 448 pp., 249 b/w fig., 97 tab., & 91 photo. University
of Massachusetts Press, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003. 1977.
S355 00.

76

198? Moldenke, Book reviews 77

The author has long been world famous for his experimental and
teaching career almost from the inception of this field - hormonal
phytophysiology - which developed often under his graduate students
in different places, on different plants and plant parts and for

for differing goals. Giving this book form with its wider and
longer circulation to a series of distinguished visiting professor
lectures at the above university, Thimann's plan is "to visualize
and integrate the multitudinous ways in which hormones initiate
and control the growth and development of the higher plants.....
from seed germination through all growth stages till the new seed
has again freshly fallen on the ground". So the roles of auxins,
cytokinins, etc., are told as far as known. "Wherever one studies
the effects of these hormones, one is struck by the fact that they
seem to control a number of processes which have no obvious re-
lationship to one another....It is a principle in evolution, and
certainly in biochemistry, that compounds become of great impor-
tance in biology if they do more than one thing....and are re-
tained in evolution by the organism."" This is a helpful inte-
grative study.

"FORM AND PATTERN IN HUMAN EVOLUTION - Some Mathematical, Phys-
ical, and Engineering Approaches" by Charles Oxnard. ix &
218 pp., 129 b/w fig. & 12 photo. pl. University of Chicago
Press, London & Chicago, Illinois 60637. 1973. $14.00.

It is good, indeed, that this valuable pioneering work is still
available because it shows how the application of new tools and
skills can give better and measured answers to many important
questions of evolutionary development especially between function
and morphology among anthropoid members. The text explains
quite clearly complex metrical analyses of shape, multivariate
morphometric analyses, techniques of data collection, combined use
of multivariate and cluster analyses. experimental stress analy-
sis, extrapolation to fossil finds, and optical data analysis.

"An important bonus resulting from the use of methods such as

these comes from the sense of community induced within scholars in
different areas[esp. re primates]..... Anatomists, physiologists

and pathologists at the organismal and organ level meet with geneti-
cists, biochemists and biophysicists at the molecular level, with
psychologists, behaviorists, and sociologists at the behavioral
grade."

"FUNGI - Delight of Curiosity" by Harold J. Brodie, xii & 131 pp.,
22 b/w photo. pl. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, On-
tario, Canada M5S 1A6 & Buffalo, New York 14203. 1978. $10.00.

With its effectively printed photographic plates and with its
curiosity-whetting stories of adaptations among certain fungi, this

78 PHYA Oa Cre a A Vol. 49, No. 1

book is itself a delight for those who read it whether they have
not really noticed these creatures before or had spent a profes-
sional lifetime studying them. The dozen chapters have such
titles as: Gunnery in the Fungus World, Ants' Fungus Gardens,
Sphere Thrower.

"THEORETICAL SYSTEMS ECOLOGY - Advances and Case Studies",
edited by Efraim Halfon, xvi & 516 pp., 44 b/w tab., 98 fig.
& 1 map. Academic Press, New York, N. Y. 10003. 1979.
$46.00.

"This volume includes original contributions in theoretical
systems ecology which are important as a basis for future devel-
opments." In the Preview it makes an excellent advanced text be-
cause it delineates and evaluates several different methods for
several different types of problems. Part I consists of 3 papers
by 5 authors on Aggregation and Organization such as "Use of First
Order Analysis in Estimating Mass Balance Errors and Planning
Sampling Activities". Part II concerns Model Structures, Formal-
isms and Theory of Modeling in 6 papers by 7 authors as "Hierarchi-
cal Adaptability Theory". Part III has 4 papers by’8 authors of
System Identification such as "Structural Identifiability of Line-
ar Compartmental Models. Part IV covers Model Analysis, Control
Theory and Stability in 7 papers by 8 authors such as "Stability
of Holistic Ecosystem Models". The more advanced mathematics,
systems analysis and computerization theory and skills you know,
the easier it will be to understand this carefully prepared book.

"FLOWERING PLANTS OF MASSACHUSETTS" by Vernon Ahmadjian, xxv &
582 pp., over 279 b/w line draw. University of Massachusetts
Press, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003. 1979. $14.95.

Ah, but this is a lovely book for a vacation time companion,
while sitting on a porch reading or during the rain or snow when
one - amateur or professional - cannot be in the field observing
or collecting! This book should be kept as a special one second
to a regular key used in the field such as Fernald's 8th edition
of Gray, Gleason's Britton & Brown, Seymour's Flora of New Eng-
land, etc. About 500 common plants in 93 families are described
and over half are beautifully illustrated on fullpage plates by
Barry Moser. The keys are simple to follow. This book would make
a lovely gift to a naturalist-friend or even to yourself.

"VEGETATIONS-OKOLOGIE DER TROPEN" by Volkmar Vareschi, 294 pp.,
12 color photo., 161 b/w fig. & photo., 21 tab. & 4 maps.
Eugen Ulmer, Gnbtt & Co., Postfach 10/32, 7000 Stuttgart,

1981 Moldenke, Book reviews 79
West Germany. 1980. DM. 96.

This ia a particularly well-prepared text with pertinent, ef-.
fective illustrations. It is reminiscent of the thoroughness of
the preceeding few generations of Germany's schools of plant
geographers, but it is also modern in its approach and outlook.

It discusses the different types of higher plant structure in the
tropics, in terms of water availability (monsoons, rivers, swamps,
deserts, rain forests) and soil types with special details given
for the Venezuelan Andes where the author has worked. The other
sections deal with diversity and productivity of tropical vegeta-
tion.

"MORPHOLOGIE DER BLUTEN UND DER BLUTENSTANDE" by Focko Weberling,
392 pp., 392 b/w fig. & photo. Verlag - Eugen Ulmer, Post-
fach 700561, 7000 Stuttgart 70, West Germany. 1981. DM. 108.

This carefully Prepared text is reminiscent of Coethe's limiteély
available famous work on plant structure with perhaps fullest emph-
asis on floral parts. This one is very well illustrated with many
clear line-drawings and photographs. The text describes the basic
floral members, their ranges of variation throughout the plant
kingdom, the use of this information for classifying plants, the
branching and style of inflorescences, pollen transfer, and seed
and fruit dispersal. Since fewer American college and university
students are able to read German now, a paperbound English language
translation might prove advantageous for the publishing house and
and non-German-reading students. Fortunately much information can
be gleaned from the illustrations alone.

"LUCRARILE GRADINII BOTANICE DIN BUCURESTI" or "ACTA BOTANICA HORTI
BUCURESTIENSIS 1979-1980", 248 pp., 37 b/w fig., 27 tab., 41
photo. & 3 maps. Published by the Ministry of Education of the
Rumanian Socialist Republic for the Botanical Garden of the
University of Bucharest. 1981.

The 26 papers in this volume In Rumanian, French, German or
English feature the 120th year of uninterrupted service of the Botan-
ical Garden of the University of Bucharest, its 500,000 specimen
herbarium, its research work and its agricultural educational pro-
grams. The contents of each volume since 1961 are listed at the
back of this book. Some of the contents of this current volume in-
clude such topics as: electron microscopy of peroxysomes and cata-
lase location in nectaries of Tilia platyphyllos with fine EM photo-
graphy, Callicarpa aS a new horticultural introduction, wild medicin-
al plants from south of the Vilcan Mountains, of Gorj department,
and of Mehedinti district. Some parts of this publication have been
proofread more carefully than others.

80 PEYTOLDeLESA Vol. 49, No. 1

"PATTERN AND PROCESS IN A FORESTED ECOSYSTEM - Disturbance, Devel-
opment and the Steady State Based on the Hubbard Brook Eco-
system Study" by F. Herbert Bormann & Gene E. Likens, xii &
253 pp., 72 b/w fig.. 27 tab., 19 photo. & 1 map. Springer-
Verlag ,Heidelberg, Berlin & New York, N. Y. 10010. 1979.
$19.80.

"This volume has as its major Concern the presentation of an
integrated view of the structure, functions, and development of
the northern hardwood ecosystem. It concentrates on the inter-
relationships among biogeochemical processes, animate and inani-
mate structure of the ecosystem, species behavior within the eco-
system ,and how these relationships change through time following
a perturbation.” The carefully studied model has 4 stages of de-
velopment: lst - Reorganization of 1--2 decades after clear-
cutting when the ecosystem loses total biomass despite accumula-
tion of living biomass, 2nd - Aggradation of more than a century
when the ecosystem accumulates total biomass reaching a terminal
peak, 3rd - Transition of variable time length when the total
biomass declines, and 4th - Steady State when total biomass
fluctuates about a mean. The book has some particularly well
conceived and constructed diagrams.

"VEGETATION OF THE EARTH - and Ecological Systems of the Geo-
biosphere" Second Edition by Heinrich Walter, translated from
the Third Revised German Edition by Joy Wieser, xx & 274 pp.,
124 b/w fig. , 26 maps, 7 tab. & 33 photo. Springer-Verlag,
Heidelberg , Berlin & New York, N. Y. 10010. 1979. $13.90
paperback.

This outstanding book belongs on the reading list shelf or
as the main text or in the student's or scientist's personal
library if this broad topic or any part thereof is being studied
or researched. It points out the basic principles learned since
the time of Haeckel and the need for broad field experiences.
The first illustration is a world map locating the many field
stations, etc., where the author has studied for almost half a
century. "Das Laboratorium des Okologen ist Gottes Natur und

sein Arbeitsfeld - die ganze Weld." "The ecologist can only carry
out his investigations on real ecosystems and not on abstract
models thereof..... Such models can never completely describe real

situations but ,if based upon sufficient data, can help toward a
better understanding of ecosystems." At the outset definitions

and limits of terms and processes are clearly set and given

coded letters and numbers that are easy to memorize if one is going
tostudy this text or field seriously. Zonobiomes (VI of the
Temperate-Nemoral Climate and VII of Arid-Temperate Climate) have
interconnecting transitional Zonoecotones (of Forest-Steppe).

Even though 90 percent of the earth's biomass is phytomass, man

in his swelling percentage of the small remainder seriously
threatens the future.

3 5185 00225

6707

LIPRE SPY
SEP 1 = 4981

New YORK : .
IBBOTANICAL GARDEN

PHYTOLOGIA is financed entirely by its contributors, each one paying
in advance for the entire cost of printing, binding, and distributing his con-
tribution. All money received from subscribers, after the expenses of col-
lections have been deducted, will be distributed among the contributors upon
the completion of a volume, in proportion to the space which they have used.
Fach contributor is therefore'a shareholder in the magazine, assuming his
part of the expenses and sharing in the profits, if any accrue.

Each number consists of not less than 32 pages. All manuscript accepted
will be published in the next issue, so that the size of numbers may vary
greatly. A volume will contain about 32 signatures, 512 pages, or a smaller
number of pages with an equivalent number of plates. This ro insures
immediate publication of all accepted manuscript.

Illustrations will be published according to the desires of the authors. No
extra charge is made for line drawings, such as are ordinarily reproduced in
zinc, or for diagrams, tables, or charts, provided they conform to certain
limitations of size and proportion. An extra charge will be made for half-
tones, depending on their size, as fixed by the engraver, with a minimum of
about $2.25.

Articles dealing with research in all lines of botany, in any reasonable
length, biographical sketches, and critical reviews and summaries of liter-
ature will be considered for publication. Floristic lists, casual notes of an
amateur or so-called popular type, and polemics will not be published. Advice
on the suitability of manuscripts will be solicited, if necessary, from quali-
fied botanists.

Reprints will be furnished at cost. A proportionate fraction of the edition
of 250 copies is also furnished gratis to contributors.

Upon request, the editors will send detailed instructions concerning the
preparation of manuscript or further information about the magazine. In-
quiries may be addressed to the magazine or to either editor.

—