> PHYTOLOGIA

An international journal to expedite botanical and phytoecological publication

Vol. 53 April 1983 No. 2

FIFTIETH JUBILEE YEAR

CONTENTS
_ GOMEZ P., L. D., Plantae mesoamericanae novae. VIII ......... 97
- BAIRD, J. S., & BAIRD, D., Humboldt’s essay on plant geography:
CONC TIEN NG UT ANSIATION 5.05. Bo ce eee bok 101
~ MOLDENKE, H. N., Notes on new and noteworthy plants.
BR ee ets et FSS Fe a ee oy Se 120
~ WURDACK, J. J., Certamen Melastomataceis XXXVI........... 121

~ OSORIO, H. S., & FLEIG, M., Contribution to the lichen flora of
Brazil XI. Lichens from Santa Maria, Rio Grande do
DR Ree tee ue EU Se hoe be a eS 138
HENRY, R. D. & SCOTT, A. R., A new Illinois vascular plant and
other distributional records from west-central

WIRING Coe RPL Si a aoe iw Ss’ oe es ON i eae Ga OL 141
MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the genus Caryopteris
UVC MOCEdE)e TDi oo). cided Heel we ee eee 146
~ FOOTE, M. A., The algae of New Jersey (U.S.A.) V. Cyanophyta
POC OREOIUIPAC) sve wn 2 RA ae LO 165
Biase Gr UA. 4a: BOOK FEViews. 2 oii y cs of OOM ave Roden 175

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PLANTAE MESOAMERICANAE NOVAE, VIII.*

by Luis Diego Gomez P.
Museo Nacional, San José,Costa Rica

COSTARICA gen. nov. cucurbitacearum. Herbae graciles, scandentes,
radice perennante. Rlia 5-lobata, saepissime herbacea, petiolata,
eglandulosa, supra glabrescens vel pauci pilis corniculatis, infra
dense pilosa, pilis hyalinis. Cirrhi 2-3-fidis, rarius indivisi.
Flores unisexuali. Flores masc. laxe corymbosi; calyx campanulatus,
minute 5-lobus; corolla rotata, 5-partita, intus densissime glandu-
losa extus glaberrima. Stamina 5 in columna connata, antherae libe-
rae, omnes 2-loculares, connectivo producto simplici. Nectaria nu-
lla. Ovarii rudimentum corniculatum, minutissimum. Flores fem. ca-
pituli aggregati, longe pedunculati. Calyx campanulatus maris. Co-
rolla reducta. Staminum rudimenta nectariaque nulla. Stylus colum-
natus, stigma 1, discoideus, carnosus. Ovarium fusiformis, 1l1-placen-
tiferum. Fructus (samara est) monospermus, plano-alatus, sicco-papy-
raceo-inflatus, irregulariter lobatus, lobuli acuminatissimi apici-
bus hamatis. Semina fusiformia, fusca. Specie unica n. nota est:

Costarica hamata sp. nov. Planta herbacea, scandens. Rlia 9-10 cm
longa, 8-9 cm lata, 5-lobulata, petiolata (2.5-3 cm), supra subas-
perula, infra densissime pilosa. Cirrhi 10-12 cm, 3-fidi. Inflores
centia masc. longe pedunculata (6-7 cm) vix 20-florae, corymbosa.
Flores masc. pedicellati (2-3 cm), calyx 5 mm diametro, 5-lobus,
lobii 2-3 mm; corolla pallide flava, 5-partita, segmentis 4 mm lon-
gis, 2.5-3.5 mm latis, acutis, intus densissime piloso-glandulosis.
Infloresc, fem. 15-22-florae, capitulata, flores quasi sessiles,
pediceli capilari 1-3 mm; calyx campanulatus 3 mm diam., 5-dentatus,
lobi 1.5-2 mm long.; corolla minuta, 5-partita. Stylus columnatus

3 mm longus, stigma orbiculare-discoideum 2.5 mm diam. obscure bi-
lobatum, carnosum. Fructus 2 cm longus, 1.8-2 cm latus, planus,
obscure 4-alatus, irregulariter lobatus, lobuli spinulosi, spinis
hamatis. Semina 1, fusiformia, immarginata, 6-8 mm longa, 2.5-3 mm
lata, fusca, amarissima.

Holotypus: Rio Yerbabuena, SW slopes of Vulcan Irazu, 2000 m, Prov.
Cartago, L. D. G6mez 19993, CR. Isotypi: MO, US, F, BM, MEXU, K.

In the Cucurbitaceae three genera have winged, samara-like, 1-se
eded fruit: Pseudosicydium Harms, Cyclantheropsis Harms and Ptero-
sicyos Brandegee. The first two belong in the Tribe Cyclanthereae
fecanas the anther loculi are in some fashion and degree united and
horizontally arranged into a ring and dehisce by a continuous slit.

*Partially financed by CONICIT.
97

100 Dh: VooTit) di eT Vol. 53, Now 2

Gunnera X katherine-wilsoni hybr. nov. ( G. insignis Oerst. XG. ta-
lamancana Weber &Mora). hybrida eG. insigne etG. talamancana exorta,
foliis pedato-lobulatis irregulariter pinnatisectis et aliis characteri-
bus inter parentes media.

Holotypus; Km 72 route 2, Prov. Cartago, L.D. Gomez 19722 , CR, MO.
Named in honor of Mrs. Katherine Wilson of Las Cruces Tropical Bot.
Garden, who spotted the hybrid many years ago, in appreciation for
all her endeavors on behalf of tropical horticulture.

Gunnera insignis Oerst. f. albovariegata nov.G. insignis affinis, a
qua imprimis differt foliis albomaculatis.

Plants in habit and general characteristics closely resembling typic-
al G. insignis Oerst. but the leaves at all stages of development
have achlorophyllous areas between the main veins, extending from the
petiole insertion to the margin, often with spotty concentrations of
red pigment.

Holotypus: Km 104 route 2, Prov. San Jose, L.D.Gomez 19709, CR, MO.

The plants have been observed for the past decade for any variation
of the maculae. The actual population of 17 clumps, totalling some
40 plants, is scattered in 4-5 km along or off the Interamerican
Highway. The possibility of a viral discoloration is being investig-
ated but so far has proven negative.

The name G. pilosa Kunth I am applying to a population that closely
resembles that South American taxon. The population under study con-
sists of 6 adult plants at km 100 Rt. 2, Prov. San Jose, L.D. Gomez
19710, CR, MO. and Palkovic, G.

NEW RECORDS

Bulbostylis vestita (Kunth)Clarke, in savanna 7 km NW of Bagaces, in
Guanacaste. L. D. Gomez 18606, CR, MO, F.

Lemna valdiviana Philippi, in Quebrada Costa Rica, Sta. Rosa Nat. Park,
Guanacaste. Jorge Gomez-L. 8955, CR, F.

Acisanthera limnobios (DC) Triana, vernal pond 12 km from Rt. 1, S of
La Cruz, Guanacaste, J. Gomez-L., 9087; 9088, CR, F, MO.

Rotala mexicana Cham. & Schlecht., vernal pond 12 km from Rt. 1, S of
La Cruz, Guanacaste, J. Gomez-L., 9136; 9137; 9138, CR, F, MO.

HUMBOLDT'S ESSAY ON PLANT GEOGRAPHY: COMMENTS AND A TRANSLATION

J. Scott Baird and Dorothy Baird
3082 Inverness Dr.
Los Alamitos, California

The term plant geography was introduced by Alexander von
Humboldt in his "Essai sur la Geographie des Plantes" in 1805.
Humboldt delineated the concerns and outlined the scope of inter-
pretive plant geography as well as historical plant geography.
Previous to this essay in 1/792, Carl Wildenow, a colleague and
friend of Humboldt, began to consider questions regarding the regu-
larity and history of plant distribution in his "Grundriss der
Krauterkunde". In 1800, Stromeyer considered plant distribution in
relation to the history of man in his 'Commentatio inauguralis
sistens historiae vegetabilium geographicae specimen."' It is,
however, Humboldt who is generally credited as the founder of plant
geography.

Of the major scientific contributions made by Humboldt during
his active career, several are introduced in this essay. His "law
of the third dimension" established the similarity of vegetation
response to increasing altitude and increasing latitude, and is
suggested. by several passages in the essay. Humboldt's ascent of
Mt. Chimborazo (18,096 feet), the highest known climb by a European
for several decades, provided evidence to support this theory.
Humboldt offered fifteen major plant physiognomic types in the
essay and refined his descriptions in 1806 (‘'Ideen zu einer
Geographie der Pflanzen").

Perhaps Humboldt's major contribution in this and succeeding
works was his attempt to associate seemingly unrelated concepts:
the biotic community with the physical environment, the physical
world with our subjective descriptions (including arts and cul-
tures), and the mechanist with the vitalist theories of life. Such
syntheses foreshadowed the later victories of the evolutionist and
mechanist hypotheses over the vitalist or religious explanations.

Certain of Humboldt's concerns in this essay have become the
foundations of modern disciplines. The two major premises of
phytosociology are: (1) plants are commonly found in distinct, re-
curring, non-random groupings, and (2) such groupings display com-
plex environmental interactions. The goals of phytosociology in-
clude the determination of the composition of various groupings
and of the types of causative environmental interactions. Such
interests were shared by Humboldt early in his academic career; in-
deed, the major groups practicing phytosociological research in
this century may owe much of their impetus to Humboldt. In addi-

101

102 PHY TOE 8 Ges Vol. 53, No. 2

tion , Humboldt's plant physiognomic descriptions constitute the
first modern effort at standardized plant life form categorization.
It was almost a century later before Raunkiaer (1934) offered a
much improved version. Such categories are informative both about
organismal adaptations to the environment and about plant community
characteristics.

It is tempting but fruitless to assume that Humboldt intended
to support any evolutionary theory in his work. He certainly did
not believe that global vegetation distribution is invariable;
however, he concurred with his contemporaries (the Neptunists and
Cuvier) that natural history helped explain shifting patterns of
vegetation. The only mechanisms for species generation advanced
by the early 19th century naturalists included either the story of
Genesis or the ambiguous "vital force" animating living organisms.
It is intriguing to note in defense of Humboldt that botanists have
still failed to identify the exact evolutionary history of the
world's major cultivated grains, whereas homologies in the zoologic
kingdom have been noted for centuries.

The essay was read to the French National Institute on January
7, 1805. It is, as Stearn (1960) writes, “one of the minor clas-
sics of botanical literature."' The translation into German made
by Humboldt was dedicated to Goethe, who shared many of Humboldt's
scientific and artistic conerns. Humboldt reported in the preface
that as early as 1790, he had "communicated the first sketch of a
plant geography ... to Cook's celebrated companion Georges
Forster.'' In 1794 he wrote a friend (Johann Pfaff) that he was
engaged in a study which might appear under the title "Ideas on a
Future History and Geography of Plants, or, The Historical Report
of the Gradual Spread of Vegetation Over the Earth and the General
Geological Conditions of the Same'' (Meyer-Abich, 1969). Several
biographers have either minimized or ignored this essay; however,
at least some of the ideas presented here had already intermit-
tently occupied Humboldt's thoughts for fifteen years. As Adolf
Meyer-—Abich wrote (1969):

The essay on the geography of plants is without
doubt the core of the whole work (Humboldt's Per-
sonal Narrative of Travels to the Americas, 1799-
1804) as it documents most fully the universal
programme behind the whole journey in the field.

Biographical notes:

Of the great naturalists and scientists of the first half of
the 19th century--Lyell, Darwin, Wallace, Hooker, Gay-Lussac,
Humboldt--the latter is probably least remembered, yet gained the
most respect during his lifetime. Humboldt certainly exerted a
powerful influence on the careers of the others. He was, by all
accounts, generous, kind, responsive, successful in whatever disci-
pline he essayed, prolific and adept in all kinds of scientific re-

1983 Je Se & D. Baird, Humboldt’s assay 103

search, charming, diplomatic, artistic, and sensitive. He left
a lengthy record of almost everything he thought, said, and did.

Alexander and his brother Wilhelm benefitted from private in-
struction throughout their youth. The Humboldt family was wealthy
and enjoyed whatever German culture had to offer in the late 18th
century. Both brothers became acquainted with the most advanced
thinkers in Europe: Goethe, Schiller, and others. Both went on to
renowned academic institutions, Alexander to the University of
Gottingen, where he pursued a broad field of studies--physics,
anatomy, zoology, and philology; he also met Georges Forster, com-
panion on Cook's expedition to the South Seas. Alexander was al-
most thirty by the time his five year voyage to the Americas began
in 1799, but he had by then made numerous voyages throughout
Europe.

While in Central and South America, Humboldt, with his com-
panion Aime Bonpland, rewrote most of the maps, checked magnetic
declinations, took air, land, and ocean temperature readings,
noted the periodicity of meteor showers and ocean currents, charted
the origin and course of tropical storms, computed population sizes,
and acquired the largest European collections of South American
plants, natural objects and artifacts. Humboldt eventually filled
thirty-three volumes with numerous other meteorological, geological,
anthropological, sociological, political, demographic, geophysical
and biological observations.

Following his return to Europe, Humboldt spent about twenty
years, mostly in Paris, writing and compiling information for this
monumental account. During this time, he was a favorite of numerous
societies, as well as an occasional diplomat of the Prussian court.
He was responsible for one of the first successful instances of
international scientific cooperation, the establishment of meteo-
rological stations throughout the British colonies and Russia.

This developed partly as a result of a nine-month expedition in
1829 led by Humboldt to northern Asia at the invitation of the
Czar Nicholas.

Humboldt's most ambitious work, Kosmos, an account of man's
knowledge of our physical and organic universe, was not entirely
finished at his death in 1859. The publication of Darwin's Origin
that year has historically overshadowed Kosmos, however there is
no denying the great influence Humboldt's work exerted on a genera-
tion of natural scientists.

Humboldt was, first and foremost, a scientific researcher. He
sacrificed wealth and home to his travels and publications. He
was a specialist in so many fields that he may be remembered, per-
haps somewhat unfairly, as a univeralist. Schiller's criticism of
Humboldt in i797 seems now, ironically, to justify Humboldt's work:

104 aH YT OU ets Vol. 53, NO. 2

His mind is that cold, dissecting kind that wants
all nature to be shamelessly exposed to scrutiny;
and with unbelievable impertinence he uses all
scientific formulae, which are often nothing but
empty words and narrow concepts, as a universal
standard.

Humboldt‘s preface:

Separated from Europe for five years, having travelled through
many countries which have never been visited by naturalists, I
should have hastened perhaps to publish the abridged report of my
tropical voyage and of the series of phenomena which have appeared
successively in my investigations. I could have flattered myself
that this eagerness would be approved by the public, a portion of
which has shown the most generous interest, as much for my personal
comments as for the success of my expedition. However, I thought
that before speaking of myself and of the obstacles which I had to
overcome in the course of my operations, it would be more benefi-
cial to draw the attention of scientists to the grander phenomena
which nature offers in the regions through which I travelled. It
is the aggregate of such phenomena which I propose to consider here.
This essay offers the result of observations which may be found
developed in detail in other works which I am preparing for the
public.

I include here all physical phenomena observed on the surface
of the globe as well as in the surrounding atmosphere. The natural
philosopher who discerns the actual state of science, especially
meteorology, will not be surprised to see such a large number of
objects treated in so few pages. If I could have spent more time
editing, my work would only have become still less extensive; for
a description should only present vast, sure, physical proposi-
tions, capable of expression as precise numbers.

Since my earliest youth I conceived the idea of such a work as
this. I communicated the first sketch of a plant geography in
1790 to Cook's celebrated companion Georges Forster, to whom friend-
ship and recognition had closely bound me. My studies made since
then in several branches of the physical sciences have helped ex-
pland my first ideas. My tropical voyage furnished me with precious
illustrations of our globe's physical history. Moreover, it was
within sight of those majestic objects of my description, at the
foot of Chimborazo, on the coasts of the southern ocean, that I
wrote most of this work. I felt constrained to retain the title
"Essay on Plant Geography;" any appellation less modest, while
better exposing the imperfection of my work, would also render it
less worthy of the public's indulgence.

It is primarily for the style that I must ask that indulgence:
compelled to express myself for many years in several languages
which are no more my own than is the French tongue, I can not dare

—— eon.) oe

1983 Je Se & De Baird, Humboldt’s assay 105

hope to achieve that purity of style which might be demanded of a
work written in my own language.

The description which I shall present today is founded upon
observations by myself and Mr. Bonpland. Joined by ties of the
most intimate friendship, working together for six years, sharing
the suffering to which all travellers are exposed in uncultured
countries, we have resolved that all work which is the fruit of
our expedition shall carry our two names together.

While reviewing that body of work, the which has been my task
since returning from Philadelphia, I have often had recourse to the
generous favours of celebrated men. Mr. Laplace, whose name is
above my praises, has shown the most flattering interest, as much
for the work which I brought back as for that which I believed
obliged to deliver following my arrival in Europe. Enlightening
and enlivening, so to speak,by the force of his genius all which
surrounds him, his good will became as useful to me as it is to
those young persons who approach him.

If it is my delight to pay tribute and express my admiration
and recognition, friendship obliges me to fulfill duties no less
sacred. Mr. Biot honored me with his advice during the editing of
this work. Uniting the wisdom of the physician and the profundity
of the geometrician, his intercourse became also a fertile source
of personal instruction; in spite of his large number of occupa-
tions, he consented to calculate the tables of horizontal refrac-
tion and light extinction joined to my presentation.

The facts concerning the history of fruit trees were drawn from
Mr. Sickler's work, which unites a marvelous erudition with philo-
sophical design.

Mr. de Gandoite: furnished me with interesting material con-
cerning plant geography in the Hautes Alpes Mr. Ramond imparted
similar material on the flora of the Pyrenees; I drew other
material from the classical works of Mr. Wildenow. It was important
to compare the phenomena of equinoctial vegetation with those
presented on our European terrain, Mr. Delambre consented to en-
rich my description with several measures of elevation never before
published. A large number of my barometric observations were
calculated by Mr. Prony following the formula devised by Mr.
Laplace, in each case with respect to the influence of the force
of gravity. This respectable scholar had the kindness to calculate
personally more than 400 of my measures of elevation.

I am currently organizing for publication the astronomic ob-
servations made in the course of my expedition, some of which were
presented to the Bureau of Longitudes to determine their precision.
It would be imprudent to publish first either those maps I drew of
the continental interior or of my own voyage, since the position

106 Fal VT Opie D: Gubih Vol. 53, No. 2

of places and their altitude influence all phenomena in the regions
through which I journeyed. I am especially tempted to flatter my-
self that the observations I made of longitude during our naviga-
tion of the Orinoco, the Cassiquiare, and the Rio Negro will be of
interest to those who are concerned with the geography of South
America. In spite of the exact description given by Father Caulin
of the Cassiquiare, the most modern geographers have thrown new
doubts on the existence of an association between the Orinoco and
the Amazon Rivers. Working in that area, I should not have ex-
pected to be so bitterly reproached after finding the directions
of rivers and mountains very different from those indicated on La
Cruz' map; but it is the travellers' fate to displease when they
observe facts contrary to admitted opinions.

After the publication of the volume on astronomy, that of my
other works will follow rapidly; and it will only be after publish-
ing the fruit of my last voyage that I will busy myself with a new
enterprise I have contemplated which may throw light on meteorology
and magnetic phenomena.

I can not publish this essay, first fruit of my researches,
without offering the homage of my profound and respectful acknow-
ledgement to that government which has honored me withits most
generous protection throughout the course of my travels: enjoying
a permission never before accorded, living for five years in the
midst of a candid and loyal nation, I have known no other obstacles
in the Spanish colonies than those presented by physical nature.
The memory of such kindness on the part of the government will
stay as perpetually graven in my soul as are the marks of affec-
tion and interest with which all classes of residents honored me
during my sojourn in the two Americas.

Essay on plant aciera dia?

Botanists generally focus their research on objects which com-
prise only a small part of their science. They are engaged almost
exclusively in the discovery of new plant species, in the study of
their external structure, of their distinguishing characteristics,
and of the analogies which unite them in class and family.

This knowledge of the forms in which organisms are ordered is
doubtless the principal foundation of descriptive natural history.
One must consider such a foundation indispensable to the advance
of those sciences which deal with the medical properties of plants,
of their cultivation, or of their artistic merits; but if that
foundation is worthy of employing large numbers of botanists, if
likewise it lends itself to philosophic endeavors, it is then, no
less important to establish a plant geography, a science still in
name only, but one which, nevertheless is an essential part of
natural philosophy.

It is such a science which examines plants with respect to
their native distribution in various climates. As vast as the ob-

1983 Je Se & D. Baird, Humboldt's essay 107

ject of its study, it paints with sweeping strokes the enormous
realm of plants, from the land of perpetual snow to the bottom of
the ocean, including the interior of our world, where in dark
grottoes grow cryptogams as little known as the insects they sup-
port.

The upper limit of plants is variable, like that of the per-
petual ice, depending upon their distance to the pole or the angle
of the sun's rays. We don't know the lower limit of plants; but
accurate observations of subterranean vegetation in the two hemi-
spheres prove that our globe's interior is animated wherever
organic germs have found the right environment to develop and the
nourishment appropriate to their organization. Those rocky, icy
summits that our eye barely discerns above the clouds are covered
only by mosses and lichens. Analogous cryptogams, now withered,
now colorful, branch out on the vaults of mines and underground
grottoes. Thus at the two opposite limits to vegetation organisms
of similar structure and equally unknown physiology are produced.

Plant geography does not just array plants according to the
zones and various altitudes in which they are found; it is not
sufficient to consider plants in relation to the conditions of
atmospheric pressures, temperature, humidity and electric tension
within which they live; one discerns among plants, as among animals,
two classes which have a different way of life and, if one dares
say it, habits.

Some are isolated and sparsely distributed: in Europe, such are
the Solanum dulcamara, Lychnis dinica, Polygonum bistorta,
Anthericum liliago, Cratoegus aria, Weissia paludosa, Polytrichum
piliferum, Fucus saccharinus, Clavaria pistillaris, Agaricus
procerus; in the tropics, Theophrasta . americana, Lysianthus
longiifolius? > cinchona, Hevea. Other plants gathered in communi-
ties like ants and bees, cover immense areas from which hetero-
genous species are excluded: such are the strawberry (Fragaria
vesca), whortleberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), Polygonum aviculare,

Cyperus fuscus, Aira canescens, Pinus sylvestris, Sesuvium portu-
lacastrun, Rhizophora ee Croton a argenteum”, Convolvulus brasi-
tae Brathys juniperina8 Escallonia ayrubidedided: Bromelia
karatas? » Sphagnum palustre, Polytrichum | commune, Fucus natans,
Sphaeria digitata, Lichen haematomma, Cladonia pashalis, and

Thelephora hirsuta.

Those social plants are more common in temperate rather than
in tropical zones, where less uniform vegetation is no less
picturesque. From the banks of the Orinoco as far as those of the
Amazon and the Ucayali over an expanse of more than 500 leagues,
the entire soil surface is covered by thick forests, and if the
rivers did not interrupt its continuity, monkeys, the nearly soli-
tary inhabitants of those widernesses, could, by springing from
branch to branch, travel from the boreal hemisphere to the austral
hemisphere. But those immense forests do not present the uniform

108 DAs 1 Deen DC ee Vol. 53, Now 2

picture of social plants; each sector of forest produces different
forms of plants, Here one finds mimosas, ee or Melastoma,
there laurels, Cesalpinia, Ficus, Carolinea*™, and Hevea, which
entwine their boughs; not one plant has dominion over the others.
It is not the same in that tropical region which borders New
Mexicoll and Canada. From the 17th to the 22nd degree of latitude,
all of Anahuacl2, the entire plateau from 1500 to 3000 meters

above sea level, is covered with oaks and a species of evergreen
resembling Pinus strobus. On the eastern slope of the Andes in

the Jalapa valleys, one finds a vast liquidamber forest; soil,
vegetation and climate there assume the character of temperate re-
gions. This circumstance is observed nowhere else at an equal
altitude in South America.

The cause of this phenomenon seems to depend on the structure
of the American continent. This continent widens towards the
north pole and protracts more in this direction than Europe, which
renders the Mexican climate colder than it should be due to its
latitude and its elevation above sea level. The vegetation of
Canada and the more northern regions spreads toward the south, and
the Mexican volcanoes are covered by the same evergreens which
seemed to belong only to the sources of the Gila and .the Missouri
Rivers.

In Europe, on the contrary, the great cataclysm which opened
the straits of Gibraltar and dug the Mediterranean's bed prevented
the spread of any more African plant species to southern Europe,
and so one finds few African plant species north of the Pyrenees.
But the oaks which crown the heights of the Tenochtitlan valley
are of the same species as those of the 45th degree latitude, and
the painter travelling through that part of those countries
situated in the tropics in order to study the aspect of the vegeta-
tion, would not be struck by the beauty and the variety of form
characteristic of equinoctial plants. He would find at the
Jamaican parallel, forests of oak, of fir, of Cupressus distichal3
and Arbutus madronno!4, forests which present all the character
and monotony of the social plants of Canada, Europe, and northern
Asia.

lt would be interesting to designate on botanic maps the lands
where assemblages of plants of the same species are found. They
would appear as long belts, of which the irresistible extension
lessens national populations, separates neighboring states, and
places obstacles to their communication and commerce stronger than
mountains and oceans. Heather, those associations of Erica
vulgarisl5, Erica tetralix, Lichen icmadophilal®, and Haematomma,
spreads from the extreme northern tip of Jutland, by Holstein and
Lunebourg, to the 52nd degree latitude. From there, they extend
to the west, over the granitic gravels of Munster and Breda, to
the shores of the ocean.

Those plants, after many centuries, spread soil sterility and

1983 Je Se & De Baird, Humboldt’s essay 109

reign absolutely over these regions; man, in spite of his efforts,
struggles against indomitable nature, and has removed but little
land for cultivation. Those ploughed fields, those industrial con-
quests, the solitary blessings for humanity, form, so to speak,
small islands in the middle of the heath lands. They recail to the
voyager's imagination those oases of Libya, where the ever fresh
foliage contrasts with the desert sands.

A moss common to tropical and European marshes, Sphagnum
palustre, formerly covered a large part of Germany. It is that
moss which rendered vast terrains uninhabitable to the nomadic
peoples whose morals Tacitus described. One geologic fact supports
this phenomenon. The oldest turf-pits, where sea salt and sea
shells are mingled, owe their origin to ulvas and Fucus; the
newest, on the contrary, and the most widespread, spring from
Sphagnum and from Mnium serpillifolium, and their existence proves
how much those cryptogams teemed over the globe of old. By fell-
ing the forests, rural peoples diminished the humidity of the
climates; the marshes dried up, and by degrees, useful plants
gained the plains occupied exclusively by those cryptogams adverse
to cultivation.

Although the phenomenon of social plants seems to belong
principally to the temperate zones, the tropics offer several such
examples. On the back of the long range of the Andes, at 3000
meters elevations, extend Brathis juniperina8, Jaraval7 (a genus
related to Papporophorum), Escallonia eed several species
of Molinal8, and especially Tourrettia!’, the nourishing marrow
over which native Indians occasionally dispute with bears. In the
plains separating the Amazon and the Chinchipe Rivers, one finds
together Croton argenteum®, Bougainvillea and Godoya, as in the
Orinoco savannahs, the Mauritia palm, some sensitive herbs and some
Kyllingia. In the realm of Colombia, Bambusa and Heliconia offer
unitorm beits uninterrupted by other species; but those plant
associations of the same species are consistently less extensive
and less numerous in the tropics than in temperate climates.

To decide as to the existence historically of a connection
between neighboring continents, geology bases itself on the ana-
logous structures of coastlines, of ocean shallows, and on the
similarity of animals living there. Plant geography furnishes most
important materials for this kind of research. lt can, up toa
certain point, determine the islands which, formerly united, have
become separated from one another; it declares that the separation
of Africa and South America occurred before the development of
living organisms. It is again this science that shows which plants
are common to both eastern Asia and the coastlands of Mexico and
California, and whether there are some which grow in all zones
and at all altitudes. By the aid of plant geography we can go back
with some certainty to the initial physical state of the globe.

It is this science which can decide whether, after the recession

110 BAR oY Tit, DG) 5 Ah Vol. 53, NOe 2

of those waters to whose abundance and movements the calcareous
rocks attest, the entire surface of the earth was covered simul-
taneously with diverse vegetation, or whether, according to tradi-
tions of various peoples, the globe, having regained its repose,
first produced plants only in a single region, from which ocean
currents carried them progressively, during the course of centuries,
into the most distant zones.

It is this science which examines whether, across the immense
variety of plant forms, we can recognize some primitive forms, and
whether species diversity should be considered the effect of a con-
stant degeneration of those varieties originally accidental.

If I could venture some general conclusions from what I have
observed in the two hemispheres, I would remark that only the germs
of cryptogams seem to have developed spontaneously and naturally
in all climates. Dicranum scoparium, Polytrichum commune,
Verrucaria sanguinea20, Verrucaria limitata2! of Scopoli, appear at
all latitudes, in Europe as at the equator, not just on the
highest mountain ranges, but even at sea level, wherever one finds
shade and humidity.

On the banks of the Magdalena between Honda and Egyptiaca in
a plain where the thermometer maintains an almost constant tempera-
ture of 28 to 30 degrees C., just below the Macrocnemum and Ochroma,
the mosses form a lawn as beautiful and as green as any in Norway.
Other travellers have asserted that tropical cryptogams are very
rare; there is little doubt those travellers visited only arid
shores or cultivated islands without adequately penetrating the
continental interior. Lichens of the same species are found at all
latitudes; their form seems to be as independent of climatic in-
fluence as it is of the rocks on which they live.

We do not yet know of any phanerogram whose organs are flexible
enough to accomodate all zones and altitudes. It was futile to
claim such an advantage for Alsine media22, Fragaria vesca, and
Solanum nigrum, which advantage seems to be reserved to man and
certain mammals in his entourage. the American and Canadian straw-
berry differs from the European strawberry. Monsieur Bonpland and
myself believed to have discovered several roots of the iatter
species in the Andes by way of the Magdalena and Cauca valleys
through the snows of Quindiu. The seclusion of those forests, com-
posed of styrax, of tree-like Passiflora and of wax palms, the lack
of cultivation in the environs and other circumstances, seem to ex-
clude the suspicion that those strawberries were disseminated
either by man or birds; though perhaps, if we had seen that plant
in fiower we would have found it specifically different from
Fragaria vesca, as Fragaria elatior differs from Fragaria Virginiana
by very subtle nuances. At any rate, during the five years spent
herborising in the two hemispheres, we collected not one European
plant spontaneously produced by the soil of South America. One is
forced to believe that Alsine media, Solanum nigrum, Sonchus

1983 Je Se & De Baird, Humboldt’s essay lil

oleraceus, Apium graveolens, and Portulaca oleracea, are plants
which, like the poeple of the Caucasian races, are well distributed
in the northern part of the old continent. We still know so little
of the productions of the earth's interior that we should refrain
from all general conclusions, otherwise we risk falling into the
geologists’ error of constructing the entire world after the model
of the nearest surrounding hills.

To settle the question of plant migration, plant geography
descends to the interior of the globe; there it consults ancient
monuments that nature has left in the form of petrifactions in the
fossil wood and coal beds, which are the graves of our planet's
first vegetation. The science of plant geography discovers pertri-
fied fruits from the Indies, palm trees, tree ferns, members of the
banana family, and tropical bamboos buried in the frozen earth of
the North. Plant geography considers whether that equatorial yield,
like the bones of elephants, tapirs, crocodiles and marsupials re-
cently found in Europe, could have been carried by currents in a
submerged world to temperate climates, or whether those same
climates formerly sustained palm trees and tapirs, crocodiles and
bamboo. The latter appears more reasonable if one considers local
conditions associated with petrifactions in the Indies. But can
we grant such great changes in atmospheric temperature without re-
sorting to a displacement of the stars or a change in the earth's
axis, which the current state of our learning in astronomy indi-
cates is unlikely? If the most striking geologic phenomena bear
witness that out planet's crust was formerly liquid, if stratifi-
cation and the differences in rocks indicate that mountain forma-
tion and crystallization of great masses around a common nucleus
were not effected simultaneously over the earth, it is possible
that the change from a liquid to a solid state released large
quantities of heat, thus temporarily increasing regional tempera-
ture independently of the sun. But could that local increase have
lasted long enough to account for the observed phenomena?

Observed changes in starlight have led to the surmise that the
central star of our system undergoes analogous variations. Could
an increase in the intensity of sunbeams in certain eras cause
tropical heat to spread to zones adjoining the pole? Are the
variations which make Lapland habitable to equatorial plants, ele-
phants and tapirs periodic, or are they the effect of some transi-
tory disturbances in our planetary system?

Such are the discussions which unite plant geography and geo-
logy. By shedding light on the ancient history of our globe plant
geography offers to man's imagination a field as rich as it is in-
teresting to cultivate.

Plants, although quite analogous to animals in their response
to stimuli and in the irritability of their fibers, differ es-
sentially with regard to their mobility. Most animals leave their
mothers only as adults. Plants, however, are fixed to the soil

112 Ey Pyle 6 ee Vol. 53, Now 2

after their development, and can migrate only as eggs, the struc-
ture of which favors mobility. But it is not just the winds, cur-
rents, and birds which assist plant migrations; it is above all,
man.

As soon as man givesup the wandering life, he surrounds him-
self with useful plants and animals capable of clothing and feed-
ing him. This transition from a nomadic life to agriculture oc-
curs Slowly with the Northern peoples. In the equatorial regions
between the Orinoco and the Amazon Rivers, the thickness of the
woods prevents the savage from being a hunter: he is forced to
care for certain plants, a few roots, including jatropha, bananas
and Solanum, which sustain him. South American Indians are sus-
tained principally by tishing, the friut of the palm trees, and
those small cultivated fields (if I may be allowed to speak of cul-
tivation where there is such a small variety of crops). Everywhere
the savage's life is subdued by the nature of the climate and the
soilwhere he lives. Those modifications alone distinguish the
first Greeks from the Bedouin shepherds, and them from the Canadian
Indians.

Some plants, subjected to cultivation and gardening from the
earliest days, have followed man from one end of the globe to the
other. Thus, in Europe, has the vine followed the Greeks, wheat
the Romans, and cotton the Arabs. In America, the Toltecs carried
corn with them; potatoes and green quinoa are found wherever the
inhabitants of ancient Condinamarca23 passed. Migration of those
plants is evident, but their native home is as little known as
tnat of the different races of man, which we find already spread
over the entire globe in the remotest past. To the southeast of
the Caspian Sea, on the banks of the Amu-Darya, in ancient Colchis,
and especially in the province of Kurdistan, where the highest
mountains are perpetually covered with snow and are consequently
higher than 3000 meters, tne earth is covered with lemon trees,
pomegranate trees, cherry trees, pear trees, and all other fruit
trees gathered in our gardens. We do not know if that is their
native locality or if, cultivated formerly, they became wild, and
attest by their presence to the historic cultivation of these re-
gions. The fertile lands between the Euphrates and the Indus
Rivers, between the Caspian Sea, the Black Sea and the Persian
Gulf, furnished a most precious yield to Europe. Persia gave us
the walnut and peach trees; Armenia, the apricot tree; Asia minor,
the cherry and chestnut trees; Syria, the fig, pear, pomegranate,
olive, plum, and mulberry trees. While Cato ruled, Rome still was
not acquainted with cherries, peaches, or mulberries.

Even Hesiod and Homer mention olive cultivation in Greece and
the islands of the archipelago. Under the reign of Tarquin, that
tree was still unknown in Italy, Spain, and Africa. Under the
consul Appius Claudius, olive oil was still quite rare in Rome;
but by the time of Pliny, the olive tree had already spread to

1983 Je Se & De Baird, Humboldt*s essay 113

France and Spain. The grape vine that we cultivate today is not
native to Europe; it grows wild on the coasts of the Caspian Sea,
in Armenia and Caramania24. From Asia it passed to Greece, and
from there to Sicily. The Phocaeans brought it to southern France;
Romans planted it on the banks of the Rnine. The species of Vites
growing wild in North America, and which gave the name Wineland to
the first part of the continent discovered by Europeans, are quite
different from out Vitis.

A cherry tree loaded with fruits adorned the triumph of
Lucullus; it was the first tree of its species to be found in Italy.
The dictator had removed it from the province of Pont following his
victory over Mithridates. In less than one century the cherry
tree was already common in France, Germany, and England. Thus does
man change the surface of the globe to suit his pleasure, and as-
sembles around himself plants native to climates far removed.
European colonies in the two Indias exhibit small cultivated plots
of Arabian coffee, Chinese sugar cane, African indigo, and a multi-
tude of other plants from both hemispheres. Such a variety of
cultivated plants is even more interesting when one considers the
course of events which spread the human race over the entire sur-
face of the globe, from which our race has adapted our entire
agricultural harvest.

In this manner, an industrious and restless race, roaming over
the diverse parts of the world, forced a certain number of plants
to inhabit ali climates and elevations. However, this control
exercised over organized beings has not altered their primitive
structure. The potato, cultivated in Chile at an elevation of 600
meters, bears the same flower as the one introduced on the Siberian
plains. The barley which nourished Achilles' horses was doubtless
the same that we see today. The characteristic forms of plants
and animals currently present on the surface of our globe do not
seem to have undergone any change since the most remote times.

The ibis hidden undergrown in the Egyptian catacombs, that bird
whose antiquity dates nearly to the Pyramids, is identical with the
bird that fishes today on the banks of the Nile. This identity
evidently proves that the enormous deposits of animal fossils en-
closed in the heart of the earth do not come from present species,
but from an order of the physical world far different from our own,
and too ancient for our traditions to enlighten.

Man, favoring by cultivation those plants recently introduced,
has helped subjugate native species; but this preponderance, which
renders the vista of the European horizon so monotonous, and which
so discourages touring botanists, only belongs to that tiny part
of the globe where civilization has become more perfect, and where,
as a result, the population has most increased. In countries
bordering the equator, man is too weak to subdue a vegetation which
hides the soil from view and leaves no gap from the ocean to the
rivers. Nature wears a savage and majestic visage which dissolves
any immediate cultural efforts.

The origin, the native land, of those plants which are useful
to man and which have followed him since the remotest past, is as
much an unfathomable secret as is the first home of all our domes-
ticated animals. We are ignorant of the native land of those
grasses which form the principal nourishment for the Mongol and
Caucasian races; we do not know which region spontaneously pro-
duced the cereals: wheat, barley, oats, and rye. This last grass
seems not to have been cultivated even by the Romans. Claims to
have discovered barley on the banks of the Samara in Tartary,
Triticum spelta in Armenia, rye in Crete, wheat at Baschiros in
Asia, all growing wild, have not been substantiated, since it is
quite easy to mistake those plants escaped from man's dominion and
returned to their former liberty for plants spontaneously produced
by nature. Birds can easily disseminate cereals in the woods by
devouring the seeds. Those plants which comprise the natural
wealth of all Poe. habitats--the banana, Carica papaya,
Jatropha manihot manihot2 and corn have never been found growing wild.

I found several roots of them on the banks of the Cassiquiare and
the Rio Negro. However, the savage of those areas, as gloomy as
he is suspicious, cultivates small plots in solitary locations;

he then abandons them shortly afterwards, and those plants remain-
ing rapidly appear natural to the soil which supports them. The
potato, an amiable plant largely responsible for sustaining the
populations of the most sterile European nations, offers the same
phenomenon as does the banana, corn, and wheat. Regardless of the
field investigations I was able to conduct, I never found any
traveller who had discovered the potato growing wild, either on the
summit of the Peruvian Cordilleras or in the realm of New Spain26,
where it is cultivated with Chenopodium quinoa.

Such relationships doubtless demonstrate the breadth of in-
quiry which I have tried to delineate within this science. How-
ever, any man sensitive to nature's bounty will find yet more: the
explanation of the influence that the appearance of vegetation
exerts on peoples' taste and imagination. Such a man would take
pleasure in examining what is commonly called the character of the
vegetation, and the variety of sensations it produces in the soul
of the beholder. These considerations are that much more important
as they treat intimately of the means by which the imitative arts
and descriptive poetry are able to inspire us. The simple aspect
of nature, the view of fields and woods, delights in a way funda-
mentally different from that delight acheived through the particu-
lar study of the structure of organisms. In the latter, detail
interests and excites our curiosity; in the former, the aggregate
stirs our imagination. What are the different impressions caused
by the appearance of a vast prairie bordered by a few groves of
trees and the vista of a thick and dark mixed forest of oaks and
evergreens? What a striking contrast exists between the temperate
zone forests, and those of the equatorial zone, where the naked,
slender palm trunks rise above flowering mahogany trees and form
majestic porticos in the sky. What is the moral cause of such

1983 Je Se & De Baird, Humboldt’s essay 115

sensations? Are they produced by nature, by massive grandeur, the
contour of forms, or the habit of plant life? How does this habit,
this view of nature more or less rich, more or less laughing, in-
fluence the morals, and especially the sensitivity of peoples? In
what does the character of tropical vegetation consist? What phy-
siognomic differences distinguish African plants from those of the
New World? What analogy of form unites Andean alpine plant species
and those of the higher summits of the Pyreness? Such are the
questions, scarcely discussed to date, which doubtless deserve the
attention of doctors.

Among the diverse types of plants which blanket the skin of
our planet, we can easily distinguish a few general forms to which
most species can be reduced, and which contain between them as many
families or groups more or less analogous. I shall confine my list
to fifteen of those groups, the physiognomies of which offer an
important study to the landscape painter:

i? Scitaminales (genera: Musca, Heliconia, and Strelitzia),

2 palm trees,

3 tree ferns,

4. the form shown by the genera Arum, Pothos, and Dracontiun,
Bre the evergreens (genera: Taxus, Pinus),

6. all maple leaves,

As the genus Tamarindus (also the genera Mimosa, Gleditschia,

and Porlieria),

8. Malvaceae (genera: Sterculia, Hibiscus, Ochroma, and
Cavanillesia),

9. tropical creepers (genera: Vitis, Paullinia),

LO. orchids (genera: Epidendrum, Serapias),

i}. cacti.

P2s the genera Casuarina, Equisetun,

13. Gramineae,

LA. the mosses, and

nee finally, the lichens.

Those physiognomic divisions have nearly nothing in common
with divisions made to date by botanists following quite different
principles. In the former we are concerned only with the large
contours which determine the physiognomy of vegetation and with
the analogous impression granted to those who contemplate nature,
while descriptive botany associates plants according to the tiniest,
but most essential, parts of fructification. To study the physio-
gnomy of the groups of plants that I have enumerated, not in con-
servatories and botanical treatises, but in nature itself, would
be the worthy endeavor of a distinguished artist. What more in-
teresting subject for a painting than the ancient trunk of a palm
tree balancing its varicolored leaves above a group of Heliconia
and banana trees? What more picturesque contrast could there be
than a tree fern surrounded by Mexican oaks?

Within the absolute beauty of form, with the harmony and the

116 Pin *Y oT OA 0, GTA Vol. 53, Noe 2

contrast which is born from their union, is to be found that which
is called the natural character of this or that region. Some of

the most beautiful forms (that of the Scitaminales, palm trees and
bamboos) are entirely absent in temperate zones; others, for

example the trees with needle shaped leaves, are quite rare and
less elegant in temperate zones. Arborescent species are much less
elegant in temperate zones. Arborescent species are much less
abundant, smaller, and bear fewer of those flowers which delight

the eye. Additionally, the frequency of those social plants spoken
of earlier and of the practices of cultivation, confer a more
monotonous appearance to the terrain of temperate zones. However,
in the tropics nature is delighted to bring together all forms.

The pines seem to lack at first glance; but in the Andes of Quindiu,
in the temperate forests of Oxa and Mexico, there are cypress, firs,
and junipers.

In general, plant forms near the equator are more majestic and
more imposing; the gloss of the leaves is more brilliant, the
parenchyma tissue is more lax, more succulent. The tallest trees
are constantly adorned with the most beautiful flowers, larger and
more fragrant than those herbaceous plants of the temperate zones.
The burnt bark of their ancient trunks forms a most. pleasant con-
trast to the younger foliage composed of tropical creepers, Pothos,
and especially orchids, the flowers of which imitate the form and
plumage of the birds that suck their nectar. However, the tropics
never present the visual expanse of green prairies which border
the rivers of northern countries; equatorial inhabitants are almost
completely unacquainted with that sweet feeling of vegetation
awakened by spring. Nature, charitable to all beings, set aside
particular gifts for each region. Fibrous tissue more or less lax,
plant colors more or less bright, according to the chemical mix of
elements and the stimulating force of the sun's rays: such are a
few of the causes which impart a particular character to the
vegetation of each global zone. The great elevation of lands near
the equator presents a curious phenomenon to tropical residents:
their plants have forms identical to European plants.

The Andean valleys are adorned with banana and palm trees;
that charitable tree whose bark is the quickest and most wholesome
cure for fever is found at higher elevations. Oaks, firs,
Berberis, Alnus, Rubus, and a multitude of other genera commonly
believed to belong strictly to northern lands are found in the
temperate region occupied by the genus Quinquinas and higher in the
region occupied by the genus Escallonia. In addition, equatorial
inhabitants are familiar with all the vegetative forms which nature
disposed around them: the earth unfolds a visual display as varied
as the sky's azure vault, which can hide none of its constellations
there.

The European peoples do not enjoy the same advantage. The
love of sciences or a refined luxury encourages the cultivation of

1983 J. Se & De Baird, Humboldt’s essay 17

languishing plants in hot-house conservatories where they display

a shadow of the majesty of equatorial species. Many forms will
stay forever unknown, but the wealth and perfection of language,
the imagination and the sensitivity of poets and painters may pro-
vide some compensation. The imitative arts allow us to depict the
variable pageant of equatorial life. In Europe, an isolated man

on an arid shore can derive mental satisfaction from the vista of
remote regions; if his soul is sensitive to works of art, if his
cultured mind is broad enough to embrace the more diffuse and
general considerations of natural sciences, then from the depths

of his solitude and without leaving his study, he may abstract all
that dauntless naturalists have discovered from the atmosphere to
the oceans, penetrating subterranean grottoes or climbing icy sum-
mits. It is thus, doubtless, that the light of civilization is
most influential upon our individual happiness: we are enabled to
live simultaneously in the present and the past, while around us
are assembled all that nature can produce in each of the diverse
climates; we can communicate with all the peoples of the earth.
Supported by discoveries already made, we may leap into the future,
and, able to predict consequences of individual phenomena, so to
settle forever those laws to which nature is subject. Im the midst
of such research we have prepared for ourselves an intellectual
delight and a moral liberty which will fortify us against the winds
of fate; no outside power may hinder our quest.

Humboldt's additions:

les While using several measures made by Spanish geometers in this
work, the author made use of a reduction in the Castillean vara2/
in meters and in fathoms28 which is not regorous enough. The vara
is to the toise29 :: 0.513074:1.196307, and instead of reducing by
2.3, we must suppose a fathom = 2.3316 varas. Don Jorge Juan only
allowed 2.32. However, consider the excellent work by Gabriel
Ciscar, Sobra los neuvos pesos y medidas decimales, 1800. The

beautiful maps Deposito hydrografico of Madrid designate Chimborazo
as 7496 varas, which figure should be only 3217 fathoms, or the same
number published by Bouguer in La figure de la terre. The peak

S. Elie is 6507 varas, or 2792 fathoms (5441 meters). The peak
Beau-Temps is 5368 varas, or 2304 fathoms (4489 meters). See Viaje

II. At the Philadelphia Society in 1800, Mr. Barton read an essay

on plant geography of the United States which has not yet been
printed, but which contains some most interesting ideas. He has
observed that Mitchella repens is the most widespread plant in North
America. It occupies all the land surface from 28 to 69 1/2 de-
grees north latitude. Likewise Arbutus uva ursi39 extends from New
Jersey to 72 degrees north latitude where it was observed by Mr.
Hearne. However, Gordonia Francklini3! and Kionaea muscipula are
found isolated in small plots. Mr. Barton remarks that in general
the same plant species advance farther northward in provinces to the

118 Pit VTi GiteeD Get aé Vol. 53, Noe 2

west of the Alleghenies than in provinces to the east, where the
climate is colder. Cotton is cultivated in Tennessee at a latitude
where it may not be found in North Carolina. The eastern shores

of the Hudson Bay are destitute of vegetation, while the western
shores are covered. Mr. Barton observes that:

Western side of the Eastern side of the
Alleghenies Alleghenies

Aesculus flava is found from 36 degrees latitude to 42 degrees lati-
tude

Sie tan Sele Ge Nn ‘Ane-SGs-——
Aristolochia psyphoe V==>-4=55-4-- 36%4-42-- oe Stee
Nelumbium luteum ---------=---= 40 ------------------- eer
Cleditsia trtacanthose—=—==---— SO 4¢c Sse
Gleditsia monosperma>2 -------- 36 ------------------- 39 ---------
Glycine £rutescens224--=5==-+5> a a Ce

Even the genus Crotalus (rattlesnake) is found up to 44 degrees
north Latitude east of the Alleghenies, while it advances northward
west of the Alleghenies to 47 degrees north latitude. Compare also
the excellent work by Mr. Volney on the soil and climate of the
United States.

Notes:

1. Augustin Pyramus de Candolle. Both Augustin (in 1820) and his
son Alphonse (in 1855), contributed important works to the
study of plant georgrapnhy.

Z. Humboldt's note: "Kead to the class of physical sciences and
mathematics of the National Institute, the 17th Nivose, 13th
years 's(Translators!/danuary 7; 18056)

J Aue yrus aria:

4. Leianthus longifolius.

5. Corynephorous canesens.

6. Julocroton argenteus.

/. Ipomoea Pes-caprae.

8. Hypericum Brathys.

9. Karatas Plumieri.

PO. jPachira.

11. Until 1850, New Mexico was a Spanish province roughly compris-
ing Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, Colorado, and Nevada.

12. Mexico.

13. Taxodium distichum.

14. Arbutus menziesii.

15. Calluna vulgaris.

16. probably Icmadophila ericetorum.

17. Stipa.

18. Baccharis.

19. Dombeya.

20. probably Mycoblastus sanguinarius.
21. probably Lecidea limitata.

1983 Je Se & De Baird, Humboldt’s essay 119

22. Stellaria media.

23. Cundinamarca.

24. Karaman.

25. Manihot utilissima.

26. Colombia.

27. Any of various Spanish and Portuguese units of length equal to
between 31 and 34 inches.

28. Usually accepted as six feet; also variable between 5 and 54s
feet.

29. French unit of length equal to 6.396 feet.

30. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi.

31. Gordonia pubescens.

32. Gleditsia aquatica.

33. Wistaria frutescens.

References:
Meyer-Abich, A. 1969. Alexander von Humboldt. Inter Nationes,
Bonn, Germany. 174 pp.

Raunkiaer, C. 1934. The life forms of plants. Clarendon Press,
Oxford, Engiand.»6Z3. pp.

Stearn, W.T. 1960, "“Humboldt's 'Essai sur la Geographie des

Plantes,''' Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of
Natural History 3:351-35/7.

NOTES ON NEW AND NOTEWORTHY PLANTS. CLXV
Harold Ne. Moldenke

AEGIPHILA NOVOGRANATENSIS f. GRANDIFOLIA Molde, fe nove

Haec forma a forma typica speciei laminis foliorum in statu
florifero usque ad ultrave 40 cm. longis 12 cm. latis et petiolis
brevissimis recedit.

This form differs from the typical form of the species in hav-
ing its petioles very short and the leaf-blades, at time of anthe-
sis, up to 40 or more cm. in length and 12 cm. in width or even
largere

The type of the form was collected by Brian M. Boom (no, 1380)
in @ moist tropical forest at San José, at km, 321 along the
railroad from Ibarra ro San Lorenzo, at an altitude of 350 m,,
Esmeraldas, Ecuador, !°N, 78° w, collected on May 6, 1982, and de-
posited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Carden.
The collector notes that the plant was a tree, 8m. tall, and
that the corollas were white, spreading, with exserted stamens.

VITEX MOLLIS f. ILTISII Mold., f. nov.

Haec forma a forma typica speciei foliis l--3-foliolatis lam-
inis membranaceis vel tenuissime chartaceis pilis sparsioribus
brevioribusque foliolis lateralibus multo parvioribus recedit.

This form differs from the typical form of the species in
having its leaves mostly only l- or 2-foliolate, sometimes 5-
foliolate, the lateral ones (if any) very much smaller than the
central one, the blades of all the leaflets only membranous or
subchartaceous in texture and the pubescence very much more
sparse and short, cinereous.

The type of the form was collected by Hugh He Iltis and Mm.

Nee (no, 1419) along the "highway" to Manantlan, in a valley
bottom forest along an at the time dry gravelly arroyo dominated
by Beal3 m. tall trees of this taxon and of Ficus, with many epi-g
phytes, at the north end of the Tecopatlan valley 5 km. south-
southeast of El Chante, 19941* N., 104°10°30" w., Jalisco, Mexico,
on January 10, 1979, and deposited in the Lundell Herbarium at
the University of Texas, Austin,

It is with great pleasure that this texon is named in honor of
my esteemed and valued friend and colleaque of long standing,

Dr. Hugh H. Iltis (1925--), professor and herbarium curator at
the University of Wisconsin, botanical collector and expert on
the flora of the central U.SeAe, especially of Wisconsin and
Arkansas, collector also in Canada, Costa Rica, Peru, Italy,
Mexico, and elsewhere, and recognized specialist on the Cappari-
daceas, especially the Cleomoideae, of the world.

120

CERTAMEN MELASTOMATACEIS XXXVI.

John J. Wurdack
U. S&S. National Herbarium, Smithsonian Institution

This installment concludes the bulk of recent melastome
novelties from Bahia, Brazil. Some problems remain unresolved,
especially in Tibouchina and Microlicia; also a small assemblage
of descriptions pend receipt of material from Brazil for holotype
designation.

The coastal rain forest of Bahia is a mixture of lower
Amazonian-Guianan and infra-Organ Mountain melastomes. In the
interior mountains, Marcetia has proliferated in a morphologic
set rather dissimilar to the genus elsewhere. Tibouchinopsis is
still known only from Bahia. Merianthera, described from Espi-
rito Santo originally, has recently been found in southern Bahia
(5 km NW of Itamaraju, Mori, Silva, & dos Santos 10723). No
Bahia collections of the following geographically restricted
genera have been seen yet, but possibly may be expected: Lithobi-
um (Minas Gerais), Svitramia (Minas Gerais), Pleiochiton (Rio de
Janeiro to Santa Catarina), Behuria (Minas Gerais, Rio de
Janeiro, Sao Paulo), Benevidesia (Rio de Janeiro), Dolichoura
(Espirito Santo), Bisglaziovia (Rio de Janeiro), and Eriocnema
(Minas Gerais). For the four last-named genera, no modern
collections have been seen, but Brade described a second species
of Benevidesia in 1935. From a provincial (Washington, Dec.)
viewpoint, more field activity in the Organ Mountains and periph-
eral regions certainly is much to be desired.

The following covers the species totals for each melastome
genus currently ascribed to Bahia, the data assembled from
Cogniaux' monograph, publications by Ule, Hoehne, Markgraf, and
Brade, and the recent specimen accumulation; the numbers in
parentheses are species restricted to Bahia: Meriania 2 (1)
Merianthera 1 (0); Huberia 2 (0); Bertolonia 4 (2); Trembleya 2

O); Lavoisiera 7, including 1 unpublished (5); Microlicia ho,
including 3 unpublished (32); Chaetostoma 3 (3); Rhynchanthera 5
(0); Cambessedesia 10, including 1 unpublished (6); Pyramia 1
(1); Marcetia 31, including 1 unpublished (23); Macairea 3 (2);
Comolia 1 (0); Fritzschia 1 (1); Nepsera 1 (0); Acisanthera 5
(0); Aciotis 8 (3); Tibouchinopsis 2 (2); Tibouchina 31, including
1 unpublished (18); Pterolepis 16 (7); Desmoscelis 1 (0); Cono-
stegia 1 (0); Miconia 54, including 1 unpublished (6); Tococa 1
(0); Clidemia 8 (0); Bellucia 1 (0); Henriettea 1 (0); Leandra 16
(2); Platycentrum 1 (0); Ossaea 4 (1); Mouriri 6 (2). The total
of 270 species (117 endemic ) is a respectable one, considering
the large area of unhospitable caatinga in Bahia, and will
probably be augmented with future collecting.

MICROLICIA PINHETROI Wurdack, sp. nov.
121

122 Poe War. O08 Gir a Vol. 53, Now 2

M. taxifoliae Naud. et M. schreineri Schwacke & Cogn.
affinis, foliis brevioribus calycis lobis latioribus differt.

Ramuli primum quadrangulares mox teretes sicut folia hypan-
thiaque dense vel densiuscule resinoso-granulosi, ramulorum
glandulis p. p. minore brevistipitatis. Folia ascendentia con-
ferta esetulosa; petioli 0.6-1 mm longi; lamina 4-6 KX 1-1.65 mm
lanceato-oblonga vel elliptico-oblonga apice hebeti basi acuta,
rigida et integra, supra obscure et subtus dense punctata, uni-
nervata. Flores in ramulis foliosis terminales 1-c-aggregati;
pedicelli O.4-0.8 mm longi. Hypanthium (ad torum) 2.6-3 mm
longum teres esetulosum ad basim truncatum; calycis tubus 0.5 mm
longus, lobis hypanthio paullulo brevioribus 2.4-2.7 X 0.8-1 mm
oblongo-lanceatis apice acuto et esetuloso vel setula O.1-0.2 mm
longa terminato. Petala glabra 9.3-10.3 X 4.5-5.4 mm oblongo-
obovata apice late acuto vel obtuso. Stamina dimorphica, fila-
mentis 4-4.2 mm vel 3.9-4 mm longis, antheris oblongis, rostro
0.25-0.35 mm longo, connectivi appendice ventrali ad apicem
rotundato-truncata vel paullulo emarginata. Stamina maiora:
thecae Peer exclusis) 2-2.3 X O.4-0.5 X 0.6-0.8 mm; connec -
tivum 5.5-6 mm prolongatum, appendice ventrali 1.1-1.2 X 0.3 X
0.5-0.6 mm. Stamina minora: thecae (rostris exclusis) 1.9-2 X
0.35-0.5 KX 0.5-O.7 mm; connectivum 1.7-1.8 mm prolongatum,
appendice ventrali 0.5-0.8 XK 0.2-0.25 X 0.3-0.35 mm. ‘Stylus
8.8-9.1 X 0.25-0.3 mm in ovarii apicem ca O.4 mm immersus;
ovarium 3-loculare glabrum apice rotundato.

Type Collection: R. M. Harley, S. A. Renvoize, C. M.
Erskine, C. A. Brighton, & R. Pinheiro 16120 (holotype CEPEC ;
isotypes K, US), collected ca 10 km north of Mucugé on road to
Andaraf, 41° 20! W, 12° 56' S, Bahia, Brazil, elev. 1050 m,

8 Feb. 197}. eb ales ater) eee 5 m, with single thick
main trunk base beneath and with bushy crown of leaves above,
massed with flowers. Petals pink, anthers yellow."

Paratypes (both Bahia, Bravit)- Harley et al 18772
(CEPEC, K, US), from 10 km south of Andarai on road to Mucuge,
41° 19% W, 120° 52' S, elev. 500- 700 m, 16 Feb. 1977 ("Bushy
Bien tox 2 5 ml. Petals pink."); Harley et al 20651 (K), 5 km
along Andaraf road from Mucuge , elev. ca 900 1 m, 25 Jan. 1980
("Shrub ca 1.75 m high. Flowers pink. Anthers yellow").

Both suggested relatives have leaves 8-14 mm long and
shorter calyx lobes only about O.4 mm wide; M. schreineri has
connective appendages of the large stamens 2 X 0.7 mm. The
other species placed in this alliance by Cogniaux, M. minuti-
flora Cogn., differs at least in the very sparsely resinous-
granulose branchlets, leaves, and hypanthia, shorter calyx lobes,
and (fide Cogniaux) yellowish petals 3-4 mm long.

MICROLICIA ISOSTEMON Wurdack, sp. nov.

M. minimae Markgraf affinis, foliis maioribus breviter
petiolatis, staminum connectivis ad basim non porrectis differt.
Ramuli primum obtuse quadrangulati demum teretes sicut
hypanthia dense resinoso-granulosi. Folia dense conferta ascen-
dentia; petioli 0.5-0.7 mm longi crassi; lamina 2.5-3.5 X 0.7-1.2

1983 Wurdack, Certamen Melastomataceis 123

mm oblongo-elliptica vel oblongo-lanceata apice hebeti-acuto basi
acuta, rigida et obscure crenulata, ubique densiuscule impresso-
punctata esetulosa, l-nervata. Flores in ramulis foliosis termi-
nales vel subterminales; pedicelli 0.7-0.8 mm longi. Hypanthium
(ad torum) 2.4-2.5 mm longum teres esetulosum; calycis tubus 0.3
mm longus, lobis 1.5-2.1 X 0.8-1 mm lanceatis acutis et setula
O.1-0.25 mm longa terminatis ad basim remotis. Petala glabra
4.5-6 X 3.6-4 mm asymmetrice obovata apice late acuto vel obtuso.
Stamina essentialiter isomorphica; filamenta 2-2.6 mm longa;
thecae (rostro 0.15-0.25 mm longo incluso) 1.7-2 X 0.5 X 0.6-0.7
mm oblongae; connectivum 0.6-0.9 mm prolongatum non expansum nec
porrectum; stylus 6 X 0.25-0.3 mm; ovarium 3-loculare glabrum.

Type Collection: R. M. Harley, S. J. Mayo, R. M. Storr,
T. S. Santos, & R. S. Pinheiro 19689 (holotype CEPEC 19693; iso-
types K, US), collected at base of summit ridge, Pico das Almas
ca 25 km WNW of Vila do Rio de Contas, 41° 57" W, 13° 33' S,
Bahia, Brazil, elev. 1600-1850 m, 19 March 1977. "Bushy shrub
with stem bare below, to 1m high. Leaves rather dull green.
Petals deep pinkish magenta.”

Paratype (topotypical): Harley et al 19712 (CEPEC, K, US).

Microlicia minima has similar resinous-granulose indument
and leaf punctation, but sessile leaves 1.2-2 X 0.5-0.7 mm as
well as somewhat larger and more dimorphic anthers with the
connective prolonged 1-1.5 mm and with a distinct ventral appen-
dage 0.3-0.4 mm long; recent collections of the typical variety
are Harley et al 19992 (1 km south of Mato Grosso on road to Vila
do Rio de Contas, elev. 1200 m) and 20100 (2.5-5 km south of Vila
do Rio de Contas). No recent collections of M. minima var.
aristifera Markgraf have been seen. More distantly related are
M. ericoides D. Don, M. martiana Berg ex Triana, and perhaps
M. myrtoidea Cham. and M. benthamiana Triana ex Cogn., all having
the anther connectives in at least the large stamens with a large
ventral appendage. Microlicia subalata Wurdack (vide infra) has
stamens similar to those of M. isostemon, but differs in the
alate branchlets, 3-nerved leaves, only sparsely resinous-granu-
lose hypanthia, and somewhat larger petals.

MICROLICIA MONTICOLA Wurdack, sp. nov.

M. luteae Markgraf affinis, foliis angustioribus floribus
maioribus staminibus valde dimorphicis differt.

Ramuli obtuse quadrangulati sicut hypanthia sparse decidue-
que resinoso-glandulosi interdum sparsissime caduceque setulosi.
Folia laxe conferta ascendentia essentialiter sessilia; lamina
3-5-5 X O.7-1.2 mm lanceata vel elliptico-lanceata apice acuto
et caduce 0.2-0.3 mm aristato basi acuta, rigida et integra
eciliata, ubique in superficie sparse impresso-punctata esetosa,
l-nervata. Flores in ramulis solitarii vel pauci; pedicelli 0O.7-
0.8 mm longi. Hypanthium (ad torum) 1.8-2.1 mm longum glandulis
exceptis glabrum; calycis tubus 0.2 mm longus, lobis 0.9-1.8 mm
longis lanceato-subulatis ad basim remotis eciliatis subaristatis
(O.1 mm). Petala 6-7.2 X 3-3.6 mm elliptica glabra apice subgra-
datim acuminato. Stamina dimorphica glabra, filamentis 3.7-3.8 mm

124 Bune Ye Foose OG. Pah Vol. 53, Now 2

vel 3-3.5 mm longis, thecis oblongis 0.3 mm rostratis. Stamina
maiora: thecae (rostris inclusis) 1.8-2.1 X 0.5 X 0.7-0.8 mm;
connectivum 3.2-3.7 mm prolongatum, appendice ventrali 1.5-1.8 X
0.5-0.7 X 0.7-0.8 mm truncata. Stamina minora: thecae (rostris
inclusis) 1.4-1.6 X 0.4 X 0.5 mm; connectivum 1.3-1.5 mm pro-
longatum, appendice ventrali 0.5-0.8 X 0.25-0.3 XK 0.25 mm hebeti.
Stylus 4.3-6.6 X 0.25-0.1 mm glaber; ovarium 3-loculare glabrum.

Type Collection: R. M. Harley, S. A. Renvoize, C. M.
Erskine, C. A. Brighton & R. Pinheiro 15609 (holotype CEPEC; iso-
types K, US), collected near Junco ca 15 km WNW of town of Rio de
Contas, Bahia, Brazil, 41° 55' W, 13° 32' S, elev. ca 1200 n,

22 Jan. 1974. "Erect, 30 cm. Flowers bright yellow. Differing
in both habit and micro-characters from 15615.”

Paratypes (both Bahia, Brazil): Harley et al 19716 (CEPEC,
K, US), from open stony grasslands on lower slopes of Pico das
Almas ca 25 km WNW of Vila do Rio de Contas, elev. 1600-1850 mn,
19 March 1977 ("Bushy shrub to 60 cm with bare stems below.
Leaves pale green, rigid. Petals and stamens yellow"); Mori &
Benton 13541 (CEPEC, NY, US), from Serra das Almas ca 5 km MW of
Rio de Contas, elev. 1000-1200 m, 21 March 1980 ("Subarbusto,
até 1m de altura. Flores amarelas. Cada exsicata de uma
planta differente").

Microlicia lutea has leaf blades 4 KX 1.8-2 mm, petals 5 X
2mm, and large and small stamens qualitatively similar; Markgraf
described the leaves of M. lutea as sometimes shortly aristate,
but there is no such indication to be seen in Luetzelburg 89
(NY), nor in Harley 15615 (an excellent match for the NY syntype).
Certainly Chaetostoma luetzelburgii Markgraf is closely related
to M. lutea, perhaps infraspecifically distinct, with only leaf
length/width ratio and base shape, petal size, and connective
appendage development to separate the types and recent collec-
tions blurring these distinctions.

MICROLICIA AUREA Wurdack, sp. nov.

M. sulfureae Hoehne, M. luteae Markgraf, M. macedoi Smith &
Wurdack, et M. monticolae Wurdack affinis, floribus maioribus
calycis lobis triangularibus ad basim contiguis differt.

Ramuli novelli quadrangulati demum teretes sicut folia
hypanthiague primum modice vel sparse resinoso-granulosi gla-
brati. Folia conferta laxe ascendentia; petioli lati vix dis-
tincti ca 0.5 mm longi; lamina (4.5-)6.5-7.5 X 2.5-3 mm lanceato-
elliptica apice hebeti-acuto basi acuta, rigida et subintegra,
ubique modice punctulata esetulosa, l-nervata. Flores sessiles
in ramulis terminales solitarii. Hypanthium (ad torum) ca 4.2 mm
longum teres; calycis tubus 1 mm longus, lobis 1.4 X 2.7 mm late
deltoideis hebeti-acutis. Petala glabra 13.2-14 X 7.5-8 m
oblongo-obovata apice late acuto vel obtuso. Stamina paulo
anisomorphica glabra; filamenta 4.5-4.6 mm vel 4.3 mm longa;
antherarum thecae 3.9-4.1 X 0.6 X 0.9 mm (rostro ca 0.5 mm longo
incluso) oblongae, poro 0.25 mm diam. ventraliter inclinato;
connectivum 2 mm vel 1.4-1.5 mm prolongatum, appendice ventrali
1 X 1 mm hebeti-acuta vel 0.5 X 0.4 mm hebeti. Stylus 14 X 0.6 mm

1983 Wurdack, Certamen Melastomatacesis 125

glaber in ovarii apicem ca 0.8 mm immersus; ovarium 3-loculare
glabrum apice hebeti-lobato.

Type Collection: R. M. Harley, S. A. Renvoize, C. M.
Erskine, C. A. Brighton, & R. Pinheiro 15106 (holotype CEPEC;
isotypes K, US), collected ca 6 km north of town of Rio de Contas
on road to Abaira, 41° 47' w, 13° 33' S, Bahia, Brazil, elev. ca
1000 m, 16 Jan. 1974. "Very bushy shrub to ca 1 m with many
slender wiry branches. Flowers bright yellow.”

All the suggested relatives have oblong, lanceate, or linear
calyx lobes remote at the base and considerably smaller flowers
(petals 4-8 mm long), as well as somewhat smaller leaves. Vege-
tatively M. aurea is rather like M. sincorensis DC., which has
longer calyx lobes, larger pink petals, and longer anther rostra.

MICROLICIA SUBALATA Wurdack, sp. nov.

In systemate Cogniauxii M. sincorensi (DC.) Mart. affinis,
foliis parvioribus 3-nervatis floribus minoribus staminum connec-
tivis ventraliter non porrectis differt.

Ramuli primum acute tetragoni et subalati (0.2 mm) sicut
folia hypanthiaque sparse caduceque resinoso-granulosi et gluti-
nosi et sicut folia densiuscule impresso-punctati. Petioli 0.6-
1 mm longi distincti; lamina 6-8 X 1.7-2.5 mm oblongo-elliptica
vel lanceato-elliptica apice hebeti-acuto basi acuta, rigida et
integra vel obscure crenulata, esetosa, subtus evidenter tri-
nervata. Flores in ramulis foliosis plerumque solitarii et
terminales; pedicelli 0.5-1 mm longi crassi. Hypanthium (ad
torum) 2.5 mm longum teres esetulosum; calycis tubus 0.6 m
longus, lobis 1.8-2 X ca 1 mm lanceatis ad basim remotis setula
unica 0.3 mm longa terminatis. Petala 6.7-7.4 X 5.1-5.3 mm obo-
vata asymmetrica apice late acuto esetuloso. Stamina essenti-
aliter isomorphica; filamenta 2.1-2.3 mm longa; thecae (rostro
excluso) 1.8-1.9 X 0.5 X 0.7-0.8 mm oblongae, rostro 0.2 m
longo; connectivum 0.5-C.6 mm prolongatum non vel vix expansun,
appendice ventrali non evoluto. Stylus 5.6 X 0.35 mm glaber in
ovarii apicem leviter (0.2 mm) intrusus; ovarium 3-loculare
glabrum.

Type Collection: S. Mori & F. Benton 13588 (holotype CEPEC
20745; isotype US), collected on Pico das Almas 17 km NW of Rio
de Contas, Bahia, Brazil, elev. 1400-1600 m, 25 March 1980
"Subarbusto, 1m de altura. Calice avermelhado, corola roxa,
anteras amarelas”.

Paratype: Harley et al 15456 (K), topotypical, elev. 1600
m, 23 Jan. 1974 ("Wiry shrub to ca 20 cm, with dull green leaves.
Petals magenta").

Microlicia sincorensis has l-nerved leaf blades 7-10 X 1.5-4
mm, hypanthium ca 4.5 um long, petals 13-15 mm long, anthers
long-rostrate (1.5-2 mm), and definite (albeit short, O.5-1 mm)
ventral prolongation of the connectives; an exact match for the
Martius type (M) is Harley et al 20049 (5 km east of Vila do Rio
Contas, elev. 1000 m). ‘the general vegetative aspect of M. sub-
alata is rather like that of M. avicularis Mart. ex Naud. var.

126 Bie Fake Oe “Oba Fh Vol. 53, Now 2

subspathulata Cogn. and M. myrtoidea Cham., both of which have
quite dimorphic stamens with well-developed ventral connective
appendages in the large ones; M. myrtoidea has similar subalate
branchlets.

MICROLICIA PETASENSIS Wurdack, sp. nov.

In systemate Cogniauxii M. cinereae Cogn. affinis, foliis
sparse setulosis calycis lobis subulatis ad basim remotis stami-
num minorum connectivis ventraliter protractis differt.

Ramuli primum quadrangulati demum teretes sicut folia
novella hypanthiaque sparse resinoso-glandulosi. Folia conferta
ascendentia; petioli O.4-0.5 mm longi crassi; lamina 3-4 X 1-
1.5(-2) mm lanceato-elliptica apice hebeti-acuto basi acuta,
rigida et subintegra ciliolata, ubique sparse punctulata et
sparse setulosa (pilis eglandulosis 0.3-0.5 mm longis), uni-
nervata. Flores in ramulis foliosis terminales solitarii vel
3-aggregati; pedicelli 0.5-0.8 mm longi. Hypanthium (ad torum)
2.8-3 mm longum esetulosum vel sparsissime setulosum (0.3-0.5
mn); calycis tubus 0.4-0.5 mm longus extus sparse setulosus
(pilis 1-1.4 m longis), lobis 1.3-1.5 X 0.3-0.35 mm subulatis
ad basim remotis extus sparse setulosis et setula ca 0.5 m
longa terminatis. Petala 7.9-8.3 X 4-4.3 mm obovata apice late
acuto et interdum setula 0.1-0.2 mm longa terminato alioqui
glabra. Stamina dimorphica, filamentis 4.6-5 mm vel 3.8-4 mm
longis, thecis oblongis 2.9-3.1 (rostris 0.3 mm longis inclusis)
X O.4-0.5 X 0.6 mm vel 2.7-3 X 0.5 X 0.6 mm, poro 0.15 m diam.
ventraliter inclinato. Stamina maiora: connectivum 5-6 mm pro-
longatum, appendice ventrali 0.8-1.4 X 0.4-0.5 X 0.5-0.6 mm
paulo expansa ad apicem hebeti vel acutiuscula. Stamina minora:
connectivum 2-2.2 mm prolongatum, appendice ventrali 0.6-1 X 0.3-
0.35 X 0.3-0.4 mm hebeti. Stylus 9-11 X 0.4 mm in ovarii apicem
vix (0.1-0.2 mm) immersus; ovarium 3-loculare glabrum.

Type Collection: S. A. Mori & B. M. Boom 14511 (holotype
CEPEC 27326; isotype US), collected near bridge over Rio Ferro
Doido ca 18 km east of Morro do Chapeu, Mun. Morro do Chapéeu,
Bahia, Brazil, elev. 1000 m, 17 June 1981. "Shrub 1 m tall.
ee purple, stamens entirely yellow.’

Paratypes (all Morro do Chapéeu, Bahia): Harley et al 19372
(CEPEC, K, US), near Rio Ferro Doido 19.5 km SE of Morro do
Chapéu, preg 900 mn, 4 March 1977 ("Bushy ericoid shrub to ca
50 cm. Leaves rather pale green. Petals pinkish carmine.
Stamens golden-yellow"); Irwin, Harley, & Smith 32432 (NY, US),
margin of Rio Ferro Doido 18 km east of Morro do Chapeu, Serra
da Tombador, elev. 1100 m, 17 Feb. 1971 ("Ramose subshrub to ca
50 em tall. Corolla lavender -purple”") ; Hatschbach 39612 (MBM,
US), near Morro do Chapeu, 1 dan. Ler (& 'Ramosa 50 cm, flor
rosada, estames e anteras amarelas"); E. Pereira 2013 (HB, RB,
US), elev. 1000 m ("Arbusto de flores violaceas").

The suggested relative has much denser and shorter (0.1-0.2
mm long) foliar pubescence, the toral zone of the calyx lacking
@ prominent ring of hairs, triangular to oblong-triangular calyx
lobes 1.5 X 1 mm, and ee char.) the small stamen connectives

1983 Wurdack, Certamen Melastomataceis 127

simply articulate with the Se to M. cinerea, I have
referred Harley et al 22796 (summit of Morro do Chapeu ca 8 km
SW of town of Morro do Chapéu, elev. 1000 m), although the small
anther connectives have minute ventral appendages. The obscure
leaf crenulation might dictate attention to species 64-66 of
Cogniaux' monograph, but all these differ greatly vegetatively
from M. petasensis; ie the type of M. vestita DC. (a good
match being Macedo 34 32, Serra Dourado, Goias) purportedly was
collected "prope de Gai tete Rio das Contas et Sincora," I have
seen no modern collections from Bahia.

MICROLICTIA LEUCOPETALA Wurdack, sp. nov.

M. amblysepalae Ule affinis, foliorum petiolis longioribus
laminis ad basim acutis densius pubescentibus sepalis longioribus
petalis plerumque albis differt.

Ramuli paulo quadrangulati sicut petioli dense pilis egland-
ulosis incurvis 0.5-l1 mm longis setulosi. Petioli 0.2-0.3 cm
longi; lamina (0.7-)1-1.5 X (0.4-)0.6-0.8 cm elliptica vel paulo
obovato-elliptica apice hebeti-obtuso vel rotundato basi acuta,
subrigida et integra, ubique densiuscule resinoso-glandulosa et
modice setulosa (pilis ca 0.5 m longis gracilibus eglandulosis),
trinervata. Pedicelli ca 2 mm longi sicut hypanthia calycesque
densiuscule resinoso-glandulosi et modice setulosi (pilis ca 0.7
mm longis). Hypanthium 3.4-4 mm longum; calycis tubus 0.3 mm
longus, lobis 3.7-4.8 mm longis subulatis acuminatis ad basim
remotis hypanthio longioribus. Petala 8.5-10 X 4.5-5.5 m
anguste obovata apice obtuso vel acuto apicem versus obscure
glanduloso-ciliolata alioqui glabra. Stamina dimorphica glabra,
antheris 0.3 mm rostratis, poro 0.1-0.15 mm diam. ventraliter
inclinato. Stamina maiora: filamenta 4.7-5.5 mm longa; thecae
(rostris inclusis) 2.6-3.3 X 0.4-0.5 X 0.8 mm; connectivum 3.3-
4.5 mm prolongatum, appendice ventrali 2-2.5 X 0.3 X O.7-l m
truncata vel rotundata. Stamina minora: filamenta 4-5 mm longa;
thecae (rostris inclusis) 2.3-2.8 X 0.4-0.6 X 0.6-0.8 mm; connec-
tivum 1.3-1.8 mm prolongatum, appendice ventrali 1-1.4 X 0.2-0.3
X 0.35-0.5 mm paulo emarginata. Stigma non expansum; stylus 7.5-
9.5 X 0.4-0.2 mm glaber in ovarii apicem ca 0.3 mm immersus;
ovarium 3-loculare glabrum.

Type Collection: R. M. Harley, S. A. Renvoize, C. M.
Erskine, C. A. Brighton & R. Pinheiro 16094 (holotype ‘\CEPEC;
isotypes, Le. ae); collected in marshy ground at Mucuge, Serra do
Sincora, Bahia, Brazil, elev. 850 m, 7 Feb. 1974. "Shrub to 1 m;
leaves blue-green. Petals white, stamens yellow. Filaments
turning red with age."

Paratypes (all Bahia, Brazil): Harley et al 18833 (CEPEC,
K, US), from 2-3 km SW of Mucugé on road to Cascavel, elev. 950
m, 17 Feb. 1977 ("Shrub to 1.5 m; leaves dull green, often red-
tinged. Stems red-tinged. Petals white, anthers yellow, fila-
ments pale yellow."); Giulietti et al CFCR 1374 (SPF 18286) (K),
topotypical, 20 July 1981 ("Subarbusto ca 30 cm. Flores alvas
até roseas."); Mori & Benton 13101 (CEPEC, NY, US), from 3 km
south of Andarai, M Mun. “Andarai, elev. 1000 m, 21 Dec. 1979

128 Pee T Coen’ tren Vol. 53, Noe 2

("Arbusto, 1,5 m de altura. Calice verde, corola branca, estames
novas totalmente amareladelos, os velhos vermelhas.").

The suggested relative has petioles 0.5-1 mm long, leaf
blades sparsely puberulous and broadly rounded-obtuse at the
base, broader blunter sepals ca 3 mm long, and "lilac" or pink
petals; a recent collection matching well Ule 7331 (HBG) is
Harley et al 15728 (16 km north of Barra da Estiva, Serra Sin-
cora, elev. 1150 m). In Cogniaux' monograph, M. decussata DIC.
would be a relative, differing however in the smaller subsessile
leaves and somewhat smaller flowers (with pink petals) with
obtuse and shorter calyx lobes. I have not studied the Bahia
collection (Blanchet 2781) attributed to M. decussata by Cogniaux.
Microlicia agrestis (DC.) Cogn. differs at least in the sessile
esetulose (but densely resinous-glandular) leaves and pink petals.

MICROLICIA SUBAEQUALIS Wurdack, sp. nov.

M. subsetosae DC. affinis, staminibus subconformibus
differt.

Ramuli densiuscule setulosi (0.4-0.7 mm) et sicut folia
novella hypanthiaque modice resinoso-glandulosi. Folia conferta;
petioli crassi 0.3-0.5 mm longi; lamina 3.5-4 X 1-1.5 mm lanceato-
oblonga apice hebeti-acuto basi acuta, rigida et subintegra cili-
olata, ubique sparse setulosa (0.3-0.6 mm) et modice punctata,
l-nervata vel obscure 3-nervata. Flores ad ramulorum apices
solitarii vel 2-3-aggregati, pedicellis 0.5 mm longis. Hypanthium
(ad torum) ca 2.7 mm longum extus sicut sepala densiuscule setu-
losum pilis ca 1-1.4 mm longis; calycis tubus 0.6 mm longus,
lobis 3-3.2 X 1.7 mm lanceato-oblongis acutiusculis. Petala 7.5-
8 x 4.2-4.8 mm oblongo-obovata apice late acuto vel obtuso et
interdum setula 0.1 mm longa terminato alioqui glabra. Stamina
subisomorphica, filamentis 3.6-3.7 mm vel 3.2-3.4 mm longis,
thecis oblongis 2.4-2.6 mm vel 2-2.1 m (rostro 0.2-0.25 mm longo
incluso) X 0.5 mm X 0.6-0.7 mm; connectivum 1.6-1.7 mm vel 1 mm
prolongatum, appendice ventrali 0.3 mm longa et profunde bilobata
vel 0.25 mm longa et 1/3-1/2 bilobata. Stylus 7 X 0.4 m in
ovarii apicem O.3 mm immersus; ovarium 3-loculare glabrun.

Type Collection: R. M. Harley, S. A. Renvoize, C. M.
Erskine, C. A. Brighton, & R. Pinheiro 15455 (holotype CEPEC;
isotypes K, US), collected in the upper caldera on slopes of
Pico das Almas ca 25 km WNW of town of Rio de Contas, 41° 55' W,
13° 32' S, Bahia, Brazil, elev. 1600 m, 23 Jan. 1974. "Wiry
subshrub to ca 30 em with greyish leaves, in damp grassland.
Petals pale magenta, anthers yellow.”

Microlicia subsetosa has quite anisomorphic stamens, the
larger ones with connective prolonged about 5 mm and with a well-
developed expanded ventral appendage 1.7 X 0.5 X O.7 mm; a good
match for the Martius type (M) is Harley et al 15519 (6 km north
of Barra da Estiva, Serra do Sincora, elev. 1100 m), the leaves
(as in the type) mostly l-nerved. To M. subsetosa (but with
smaller anisomorphic stamens, the connective with prolongation 2-
3-5 mm, but well-developed ventral appendage) have also been
referred Harley et al 15573 and 15701, both from Serra do Sincora.

1983 Wurdack, Certamen Melastomataceis 129

Another Bahia relative (or variant) of M. subsetosa with upper
leaf surface pubescence somewhat more persistent and petal apices
acute (rather than obtuse) is represented by King & Bishop 8611,
Irwin et al 31129, Harley et al 15124, and Harley et al 15174,
all except the last-cited (with yellow petals) having white
corollas; my current perceptions are too hazy for any formal
disposition. I had earlier referred a series of collections
from eastern Bahia (Belem et al (57, 1675, 2430; Harley et al
18075; da Vinha 135; Hage & dos Santos 907; dos Santos et al
3349) with rather distinctly 3-nerved leaves to M. subsetosa,
but now believe that this population is best regarded as a
pubescent variant of M. setosa (Spreng. ) DC., the species with
connectives of the small stamens simply articulated with the
filaments; collections matching the Sellow collection (US) from
Vittoria are Harley et al 17339 and Carvalho & Gatti 478 (from
24-30 km SW of Belmonte).

MICROLICIA LONGISEPALA Wurdack, sp. nov.

In systemate Cogniauxii M. subsetosae DC. affinis, foliis
floribusque maioribus differt.

Ramuli primum quadrangulati mox teretes sicut folia novella
hypanthiaque sparse decidueque resinoso-granulosi esetulosi vel
sparsissime eglanduloso-setulosi. Petioli ca 1 mm longi; lamina
(8-)10-14 x (4-)5-8 mm late lanceata apice acuto et setula 0.3-
O.5 mm longa terminato basi late acuta, subrigida et obscure
crenulata, modice ciliolata pilis 0.3-0.5 mm longis eglandulosis,
ubique sparse vel sparsissime setulosa (0.1-0.3 mm) et densiuscule
punctata, usque ad 1 mm 3(-5)-pseudoplinervata. Flores in ramulis
foliosis terminales plerumque solitarii, pedicellis 1-1.5 m lon-
gis. Hypanthium (ad torum) 4 mm longum sparse vel sparsissime
setulosum; calycis tubus 1 mm longus extus sparse setulosus,
lobis 6 X 1.4 m lanceatis plerumque sparse vel sparsissime
ciliolatis (1-1.5 mm). Petala 15.5-16 X 8.5-10 mm obovato-
elliptica apice late acuto et setula unica eglandulosa 0.3-0.4 m
longa terminato alioqui glabra. Stamina dimorphica, filamentis
6.2-6.3 mm vel 5.4-5.6 mm longis, thecis oblongis, poro 0.3 m
diam. ventraliter inclinato. Stamina maiora: thecae (rostro 0.4
mm longo incluso) 4 X 0.6 X 0.7-0.8 mm; connectivum 8 m pro-
longatum, appendice ventrali 1.6 X 0.5 X 1 mm apice late acuto.
Stamina minora: thecae (rostro 0.5-0.7 mm longo incluso) 3.3-
3.7 X 0.6 X 0.7 mm; connectivum 2.5 mm prolongatum, appendice
ventrali 1.3 X 0.4 X 0.7 m apice rotundato vel paullulo emargi-
nato. Stylus 12 X 0.4-0.5 m glaber in ovarii apicem 0.7 m
immersus; ovarium 3-loculare glabrum apice hebeti-trilobato.

Type Collection: R. M. Harley, S. A. Renvoize, C. M.
Erskine, C. A. Brighton, & R. Pinheiro 16877 (holotype CEPEC;
isotypes K, US), collected 22 km NW of Lagoinha (which is 5.5 km
SW of Delfino) on side road to Minas do Mimoso, 41° 20' w, 10°
20' S, Bahia, Brazil, elev. 980 m, 6 March 1974. "Bushy shrub
to ca 30 cm. Leaves and stems viscid. Leaves mid-green, soft.
Sepals green. Petals bright pink. Stamens deep pink, with
fertile anther-locules dark brown, sterile locules bright yellow.

130 Rao teeR) O05 Giles Vol. 53, Now 2

Style pink."

Paratype: King & Bishop 8760 (CEPEC, US), from road 8 km
along road S of Mucuge, 2-5 km E along base of mountain, Bahia,
Brazil, elev. 850-910 m, 1 Feb. 1981. "Shrub 3 dm tall, flowers
pink."

Microlicia subsetosa (see discussion under M. subaequalis
Wurdack) has leaf blades 6-9 X 2-4 mm, petals 9-10 X 4-6 mm, and
large anther connectives prolonged about 5 mm. The other species
placed by Cogniaux in this alliance all have different pubescence
and foliage. Microlicia bradeana Hoehne (ex descr.) may be
related, but differs at least in the sessile epunctate leaves
and petals only 10 X 7 mm. The general aspect of M. longisepala
is rather like that of the glandular-pubescent species described
by Markgraf (M. bahiensis, M. carrasci, M. luetzelburgii). Of
these, M. bahiensis, known to me only by the original collection
(M), has smaller leaves and flowers, while the others have
sessile cordate leaves and yellow petals. These two yellow-to
white-flowered taxa are perhaps only subspecifically distinct,
M. carrasci having been once recently collected (Mori & Benton
13524, Serra das Almas, Bahia, 1000-1200 m) and M. luetzelburgii
five times near Rio de Contas, Bahia (Harley et al 20090 and

20097; Mori et al 12389, 13510, 13511).

MICROLICIA OLIGOCHAETA Wurdack, sp. nov.

M. confertiflorae Naud. affinis, antherarum minorum connec -
tivis ventraliter distinctius appendiculatis differt.

Ramuli subquadrangulati modice vel sparsiuscule setulosi
pilis gracilibus eglandulosis 1-1.5(-2) mm longis et sicut folia
hypanthiaque modice plus minusve decidueque resinoso-granulosi.
Petioli crassi 0.5-1 mm longi; lamina (4-)5-7 X 3-5 mm elliptica
vel paulo oblongo-elliptica apice rotundato basi late acuta vel
obtusa, subrigida et integra sparse ciliolata, supra sparsissime
et subtus evidenter modiceque punctata, manifeste 3-nervata.
Flores 5-meri ad ramorum apices pauciglomerati, pedicellis 0.5-
0.7 mm longis. Hypanthium (ad torum) 3.5-3.6 mm longum esetulo-
sum; calycis tubus O.4 mm longus (pilis intercalycinis interdum
evolutis), lobis 2.7-3.2 X 1-1.2 mm lanceatis subacuminatis
setula 0.5-1 mm longa terminatis. Petala glabra 9-11.8 X 5-6.7
mm obovata apice hebeti-acuto. Stamina dimorphica glabra; fila-
menta 4-4.2 mm vel 3-3.7 mm longa; antherarum thecae (rostro 0.5-
©.6 mm longo incluso) 2-2.9 X 0.5 X 0.7 mm vel 1.9-2 X O.4-0.5 X
JU.6-0.7 mm oblongae, poro 0.15 mm diam. ventraliter inclinato;
connectivum 3-3.5 mm vel 1.4-1.5 mm prolongatum, appendice ven-
trali 1.6-1.7 X 0.25-0.35 X 0.5-0.8 mm ad apicem obscure acuta
vel 0.9-1.1 X 0.2-0.25 X 0.3-0.5 mm ad apicem rotundata. Stylus
8-9.5 X 0.25-0.15 mm glaber; ovarium 3-loculare glabrum.

Type Collection: Scott Mori 12947 (holotype CEPEC 18178;
isotypes NY, US), collected on trail to Barro Branco near
Lengois, Municfpio de Lengois, Bahia, Brazil, elev. ca 400 n,

1 Nov. 1979. "Arbusto 1 m de altura.”

Paratype: Mori & Boom 14398 (CEPEC, NY, US), near-topotypi-

cal (5 km north of Lengois). "Shrub 1.5 m tall. Petals pink."

1983 Wurdack, Certamen Melastomatacesis 13)

Microlicia confertiflora generally has smaller ovate to
elliptic-ovate leaf blades nearly or quite esetulose beneath,
shorter sepals (1.2-1.6 mm from the sinus), generally smaller
anther thecae (body exclusive of rostrum 1.1-1.5 mm long), and
ventral connective appendage of the small stamens only 0.1-0.25
mm long; among the recent Bahia collections, Belém & Magalhaes
802 (Camacan-Canavieira) and (as a nearly glabrous variant)
Harley et al 21322 (Serra Geral de Caitite) have been referred
to M. confertiflora. Probably also related is M. maximowicziana
Cogn., which has distinctly serrulate leaf blades, calyx lobes
2 mm or less long, and (ex char.) ventral connective appendage
in the small stamens only 0.25-0.5 mm long. Most of the visible
flowers in Mori 12947 had intercalycine setae, but no such hairs
were noted in Mori & Boom 14398.

MARCETIA MUCUGENSIS Wurdack, sp. nov.

M. bracteolari (oes) Cogn. affinis, foliis minoribus 3-nerva-
tvs differt..

Ramuli quadrangulati sicut folia hypanthiaque densiuscule
glanduloso-setulosi pilis 0.3-0.5(-1) mm longis gracillimis.
Petioli 0.1-0.2 cm longi; lamina 0.7-1.4(-2) X 0.4-0.8(-1) em
elliptica vel ovato-elliptica apice acuto basi late acuta vel
obtusa, rigidiuscula et apicem versus obscure serrulata, 3-
nervata nervis secundariis ca 1 mm inter se distantibus subtus
paulo elevatis. Flores in ramulis foliosis lateralibus 0.2-0.4
em longis solitarii-terni terminales; pedicelli 1-1.5 mm longi.
Hypanthium (ad torum) 3-3.5 mm longum; calycis tubus 0.2 mm
longus, lobis 2.3-4.2 X 0.6-0.7 mm anguste oblongis extus et
intus glanduloso-setulosis. Petala 6.2-7.5 X 3.4-4.6 mm oblonga
apice hebeti-acuto setula solitaria subterminali glandulifera
O.3-0.4 mm longa excepta glabra. Filamenta 4.3-5 mm longa;
antherarum thecae (3-)3.8-4.7 X 0.6-0.7 X 0.5-0.7 mm lanceato-
oblongae, poro O.1 mm diam. paullulo ventraliter inclinato,
connectivo ad basim dorsaliter vix elevato ventraliter bilobu-
lato. Stigma vix expansum; stylus 12.5-13 X 0.25-0.1 mm glaber;
ovarium 3-4-loculare glabrum.

Type Collection: R. M. Harley, S. J. Mayo, R. M. Storr,

T. S. Santos, & R. S. Pinheiro 18611 (holotype CEPEC 21845; iso-
types K, US), collected 8 km south of Andarai on road to Mucuge,
Bahia, Brazil, elev. 400 m, 13 Feb. 1977. "Spindly subshrub to

80 em. Leaves dull green, paler below. Calyx tube tinged red.

Petals white, red at base. Anthers yellow, filaments white."

Paratypes (all Bahia): Harley et al 16003 (CEPEC, K, US),
Rio Cumbuca 3 km north of Mucuge on Andarai road ("Erect viscid
perennial herb 50 cm. Petals white, filaments pink, anthers
yellow"); Mori & Boom 14405 (CEPEC, NY, US), trail to Barro
Branco 5 km north of Lengois ("Low shrub 50 cm tall in rock
cracks. Petals and filaments white, anthers yellow"); King &
Bishop 8735 (CEPEC, US), 3-8 km north of Mucuge, elev. 800-900 m
("Shrub 1 m tall; petals and filaments white"); Pirani et al CFCR
1621 (SPF 18493) (K), Pio Paraguagu, Mucuge, Andarai-Mucuge road
("Subarbusto 90-100 cm. Flores alvas com base rosa, filetes

132 Poo Mi Ont! 0) Gon Vol. 53, Now 2

2.5 em and the ternate flowers on lateral branchlets 1.5-3 cm
long; this species is still known only from the Martius type,
with ambiguous geography. Marcetia canescens Naud. (isotype NY)
differs in the leaf blades with plane venules beneath, calyx
lobes only 2 mm long, and petals pink and glandular-ciliolate for
much of the perimeter. Marcetia alba Ule has thinner cordate
entire leaf blades, glandular-ciliolate petals, and smaller
anthers; a recent collection is King & Bishop 8727, from 3-8 km
north of Mucuge, elev. 800-900 m. Of the 14 ovaries and capsules
examined in M. mucugensis, nine were h4-celled and five 3-celled.

MARCETIA BAHIENSIS (Brade & Markgraf) Wurdack, comb. nov.
Ossaea bahiensis Brade & Markgraf, Willdenowia 2: 774.

30 Mar. 1961; Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio 17: LT. 1959-61 (received at

Smithsonian Institution 15 Apr. 1964).

MARCETIA SIMULANS Wurdack, sp. nov.

M. bahiensi (Brade & Markgraf) Wurdack affinis,’foliorum
laminis proportionaliter latioribus ovariis plerumque 4-loculari-
bus differt.

Ramuli primum quadrangulati demum teretes glutinosi primum
sicut foliorum lamina supra et venae primariae subtus hypanthi-
aque sparse vel modice glandulis ca 0.05 mm diam. obsiti gla-
brati. Petioli 0.3-0.7 em longi adaxialiter apicem versus sicut
nodi sparse glanduloso-setulosi; lamina (1-)1.5-2.5(-3.3) X
(0.7-)1-2 cm elliptica vel paulo obovato-elliptica apice obtuso
vel rotundato basi late acuta, rigidiuscula et apicem versus
obscure serrulata, supra esetulosa et glutinosa, subtus in super-
ficie dense glanduloso-setulosa pilis ca 0.2 mm longis gracilli-
mis, 5-nervata (pari inframarginali incluso) nervis secundariis
1-2 mm inter se distantibus sicut nervulis supra invisis nervulis
subtus elevato-reticulatis areolis 0.3-0.5 mm latis. Inflores-
centiae in foliorum superiorum axillis oppositis laterales 1-1.5
em longae 3-7-florae, pedunculo 0.5-1 cm longo; pedicelli ca 2 mm
longi, bracteolis ca 0.5 mm longis angustis caducis. Hypanthium
(ad torum) 1.9-2.1 mm longum esetulosum; calycis tubus 0.15-0.2
mm longus, lobis 1.6-1.8 X 0.5-0.7 mm oblongis. Petala obscure
granulosa 4-5 X 2.2-2.7 mm elliptico-ovata apice hebeti-acuto.
Stamina isomorphica glabra; filamenta 2.5-3 mm longa; antherarum
thecae 1.9-2.2 X 0.4-0.5 X 0.45-0.6 mm oblongae poro 0.1-0.15 mm
diam. terminali vel vix dorsaliter inclinato, connectivo ad basim
paullulo incrassato. Stigma punctiforme; stylus 5-6.3 X 0.2-
0.25-0.1 mm glaber; ovarium plerumque 4-loculare glabrum; capsula
4-locularis, seminibus 0.6-0.7 X 0.5 mm cochleatis muriculatis.

Type Collection: R. M. Harley, G. L. Bromley, A. M. de
Carvalho, J. M. Soares Nunes, J. L. Hage, & E. B. dos Santos
22788 (holotype CEPEC 29658; isotypes K, US), collected on rocks

1983 Wurdeck, Certamen Melastomataceis 235

on summit of Morro do Chapeu ca 8 km SW of town of Morro do
Chapeu, Bahia, Brazil, elev. ca 1000 m, 30 May 1980. "Spindly
shrub to 1.5 m. Leaves coriaceous, dark glistening green above,
pale green beneath. Calyx pale green, tinged red in fruit.
Petals pure white, spreading; anthers golden yellow, filaments
white."

Paratypes (all Bahia, Brazil): Morrao, Mun. Morro do
Chapéu, Hatschbach 39647 (MBM, US) ("Arbusto 1 m; flor alva,
anteras creme") and Hatschbach & Guimarées 42394 (MBM, US)
("Arbusto 1m50, ramoso, petalas alvas. Alt. 1200 m"); 22 km W
of Morro do Chapéu, elev. 1000 m, Irwin, Harley, & Smith 30685
(NY, US); 7 km south of Morro do Chapeu, elev. 1150 m, Irwin,
Harley, & Smith 32353 (NY, US) ("Viscous shrub ca 1.5 m. Fruit
green"); 6 km south of Morro do Chapeu, elev. 1000 m, Mori &
Boom 14439 (CEPEC, NY, US) ("Shrub 1m. Corolla and filaments
white ; anthers elk es Rio do Ferro Doido 19.5 km SE of Morro
do Chapéu on BA 052, elev. 900 m, Harley et al 22847 (CEPEC, K,
US) ("Shrub to 70 cm. Sepals pale green, tinged red; petals
white; anthers golden yellow’ '); Morro do Chapeu, Duarte 9215
(RBS Usiee( Mire. 70 tems 2 alva™)*

The leaf blade length/width ratio in M. bahiensis is 2.9-
3.3 (rather than mostly 1.6-1.8) and the ovary . (and capsule) is
3-celled; in recent collections from ae Leng ois (Harley et et al
22482, 22665; Mori et al 13360, 14254, 14377), 27 ovaries or
peeamiee studied had 3 Hipeuvest and age 2 were 4-celled. In M.
simulans, 18 ovaries or fruit showed 4-locules and only 4+ had
3 cells. Perhaps the closest (but rather distant) relative of
this species-pair is M. bracteolaris (DC.) Cogn., which differs
in the larger leaves densely glandular-puberulous above and
larger flowers. From the ovary-cell number, M. bahiensis would
not be placed in Sect. Marcetia but all other features indicate
the close affinity with M. simulans; a similar ovary-locule
anomaly was noted in M. harleyi Wurdack. Certainly the placement
of M. bahiensis in Qssaea was erroneous.

TIBOUCHINA SUBGLABRA Wurdack, sp. nov.

T. salviaefoliae (Cham.) Cogn. affinis, foliorum laminis
proportionaliter latioribus bracteis parvis filamentis stylisque
glabris differt.

Trichomata laevia. Ramuli primum quadrangulati et in angu-
lis nodisque sparsissime strigulosi demum teretes et glabrati
sicut folia ut videtur glutinosi. Petioli 0.5-0.8 cm longi
sparse strigulosi; lamina (2.5-)4.5-5.5 X (1.5-)2.5-3.5 cm ovata
apice acuto basi paulo (usque ad 5 mm) cordata, subrigida et
integra appresso-ciliolata, supra sparse vel sparsissime strigu-
losa pilis 0.2-0.4 mm longis, subtus in venis primariis secun-
dariisque sparse appresso-setulosa in superficie glabra, 5-‘7-
nervata nervulis laxe (ca 1 mm) reticulatis. Panicula 2-3 cm
longa pauciflora; flores 5-meri, pedicellis 2-3 mm longis sicut
hypanthiis sparse appresso-setulosis pilis plerumque 0.3-0.4 mm
longis eglandulosis, bracteolis 2-2.5 mm longis lanceatis caducis.
Hypanthium (ad torum) 7.5 mm longum; calycis tubus 0.3 mm longus,

134 Pit VoD Dita) iGiclah Vol. 53, NOe 2

lobis 4.8-5 X 2.3-2.5 mm lanceatis post anthesim caducis.

Petala minute (0.1-0.15 mn) glanduloso-ciliolata ca 12-14 x
10-12 mm obovata apice rotundato-truncato. Stamina paulo
dimorphica glabra; filamenta 11.1-11.6 mm vel 8.7-9 mm longa;
antherarum thecae 10.1 X 0.6 mm vel &.7-9 X 0.6 mm subulatae

poro 0.4 mm diam. ventraliter inclinato; connectivum 1.4 mm vel
O.4 mm prolongatum, lobis ventralibus 0.4 X 0.3 mm vel 0.3 X 0.25
mn hebetibus. Stylus glaber 17.2 X 0.5-0.25 mm; ovarium setulis
ca 10 eglandulosis 0.4 mm longis coronatum alioqui glabrun.

Type Collection: R. M. Harley, G. L. Bromley, A. M. de
Carvalho, J. M. Soares Nunes, J. L. Hage, & E. B. dos Santos
22895 (holotype CEPEC 29661; isotypes K, US), collected at Rio
do Ferro Doido 19.5 km SE of Morro do Chapeu on BA 052 highway
to Mundo Novo, 41° o2' w, 11° 38’ S, Bahia, Brazil, elev. ca
900 m, 31 May 1980. "Spindly shrub to 1.5 m. Leaves slightly
convex above, pale green, rugose with slightly silvery sheen,
pale green beneath. Calyx dark reddish. Petals bright purple,
stamens purple.”

Tibouchina salviaefolia has lance-oblong leaf blades with
length/width FACLO 3-3. [ (rather than 1.6-1.9), floral bracts ca
1.5 cm long, puberulous filaments and style, oblong rounded
calyx lobes, eglandular petal cilia, and ovary densely sericeo-
strigulose on the apical half; an excellent modern collection is
Harley et al 18013 (12 km north of Alcobaca, coastal Bahia). ‘he
other species placed by Cogniaux in this alliance, TI. maximiliana
(DC.) Baill. and T. corymbosa (Raddi) Cogn., are much more pubes-
cent taxa with generally shorter calyx lobes and glandular-
puberulent filaments. While T. subglabra would actually key in
Cogniaux' monograph to near T. virgata Gardn.) Cogn. and IT.
asperior (Cham.) Cogn., these species seem more remotely related
than T. salviaefolia. The vegetative aspect of T. subglabra is
somewhat like that of the two species of Tibouchinopsis, both
esetose shrubs with triangular calyx lobes only 2.5-3 mm long
and glabrous ovaries.

TIBOUCHINA CARVALHOL Wurdack, sp. nov.

T. clidemioidi (Triana) Cogn. affinis, hypanthii pilis
densioribus calycis lobis lanceato-oblongis differt.

Ramuli primum sulcato-quadrangulati demum teretes sicut
folia dense setulosi pilis laevibus paulo retrorsis 0.2-0.5 mm
longis pilis glanduliferis ca 1 mm longis sparse intermixtis;
nodi inter petiolorum insertiones paulo elevati dense setosi
pilis laevibus gracilibus ca 2 mm longis. Petioli (1-)1.5-3 cm
longi; lamina (4-)7-12 X (3-)4-7 cm ovata vel oblongo-ovata apice
acuto basi rotundata vel paulo (usque ad 0.5 cm) cordata, sub-
rigida, 7-nervata nervis secundariis tertiariisque subtus eleva-
tis. Inflorescentia 8-15 cm longa multiflora sicut hypanthia
dense retrorso-setulosa (pilis 0.2-0.5 mm longis) et modice
glanduloso-setosa (pilis 1-2 mm longis); flores 5-meri, pedicel-
lis sub articulationem O-5 mm longis supra 1-2 mm longis, brac-
teolis 2-5 X 0.7-2.5 mm lanceatis deciduis. Hypanthium (ad
torum) (6-)6.5-9 mm longum; calycis tubus 0.6-1 mm longis, lobis

1983 Wurdack, Certamen Melastomataceis 135

(4.3-)5.5-7 X 1.5 mm lanceato-oblongis in fructu persistentibus
intus glabris. Petala (16.5-)18-22 X 12-13(-19) mm obovata apice
late obtuso extus ad apicem sparse glanduloso-puberula (0.2 mm) ,
ciliis 0.3-0.4 mm longis basaliter eglandulosis ad apicem pro
parte glanduliferis. Stamina paulo dimorphica, filamentis ad
basim sparse vel sparsissime glanduloso-setulosis (0.2 mm) ,
thecis subulatis, poro 0.3 mm diam. ventraliter inclinato.
Stamina maiora: filamenta 8-10 mm longa; thecae (9-)10-13 x 0.8
mm, connectivo 1.7-2 mm prolongato, lobis ventralibus 0.5 mm
longis. Stamina minora: filamenta 5.5-6.5 mm longa; thecae 7-
10.5 X 0.7 mm, connectivo O0.5-0.7 mm prolongato, lobis ventrali-
bus 0.6-0.7 mm longis. Stylus 14-15 X 0.5 m basim versus sparse
setulosus pilis 0.1-0.2 mm longis eglandulosis; ovarii pili p. p.
minore glanduliferi.

Type Collection: R. M. Harley, G. L. Bromley, A. M. de
Carvalho, & G. Martinelli 20993 (holotype CEPEC 20558; isotypes
| US), collected on Serra do Sincora ca 15 km NW of Mucuge on
road to Guinée and Palmeiras, Bahia, Brazil, elev. 1300-1500 n,
26 March 1980. "Spindly shrub to ca 2.5 m, branched above, with
dark green leaves grey-green beneath, with pink-tinged petioles.
Pedicels and calyces red-tinged. Petals magenta. Stamens
reddish with white anthers.”

Paratypes (all Bahia, Brazil): Harley et al 22331 (CEPEC,
K, US), Serra do Brejao 14 km NW of Lengois, Mun. Lengois, elev.
700-1000 m ("Shrub to 60 cm. Leaves mid-green above, grey-green
beneath. Calyx red-tinged. Petals deep purple. Stamens pale
purple"); Harley et al 22483 (CEPEC, K, US) ("Shrub to 2 m.
Calyx tube and teeth red. Petals deep pinkish purple. Anthers
pale pink") and Mori & Boom 14387 (CEPEC, NY, US) ("Shrub 1.5 m
tall"), both from Pai Inagio ca 15 km WW of Lengois, Mun. Pal-
meiras, elev. 900-1000 m.

The suggested relative (isotype BM) has sparser foliar and
hypanthial pubescence, 5-nerved leaf blades, and apically very
narrow calyx lobes. Another relative, TI. stipulacea da Vinha,
has thinner leaf blades less densely pubescent beneath, much
shorter (0.2-0.5 mm long) hypanthial pubescence, and lanceate
calyx lobes only 2.5-3 mm long. Both IT. pereirae Brade &
Markgraf and T. riparia Markgraf, with eglandular appressed
foliar hairs and eglandular cauline hairs, seem more distantly
related, the former however with rather similar hypanthium and
calyx.

PTEROLEPIS GRACILIS Wurdack, sp. nov.

P. hatschbachii Wurdack affinis, foliis angustioribus minus
pubescentibus floribus tetrameris minoribus differt.

Herba non vel paullulo ramosa; ramuli quadrangulati modice
setulosi internodis glabris vel sparsissime strigulosis. Petioli
ca 1 mm longi; lamina (1-)1.5-2.5(-3.2) X (0.1-)0.2-0.3(-0.4) cm
anguste oblongo-elliptica apice anguste acuto basi acuta, char-
tacea et integra sparse appresso-ciliolata, supra et in costa
subtus sparse strigulosa pilis 0.2-0.3 mm longis gracilibus
laevibus, subtus in superficie sparsissime strigulosa, 1(-3)-

136 PBeveT OabeD By dwh Vol. 53, NO.» 2

nervata. Flores semper 4+-meri solitarii vel pauci-aggregati,
pedicellis 1-2 mm longis. Hypanthium (ad torum) 3 mm longum
sparse strigulosum pilis 0.4-0.8 mm longis simplicibus plerumque
eglandulosis; calycis tubus 0.1-0.2 mm longus, appendicum axibus
0.1-0.2 mm longis ramis paucis O.4-1 mm longis, lobis 3.5-4 K 1.4
mn lanceatis eglanduloso-ciliolatis extus centraliter sparse
strigulosis intus glabris. Petala 5.5 X 5 mm obovata apice rotun-
dato apicem versus glanduloso-ciliolata. Stamina paulo dimorphica
glabra; filamenta 3.6 mm vel 2.5 mm longa; antherae subulatae poro
0.15-0.2 mm diam. ventraliter inclinato, connectivo non prolon-
gato. Stamina maiora: thecae 3.7-3.9 X 0.6 m, lobis ventrali-
bus ca 0.5 X 0.4 mm. Stamina minora: thecae 2.6-2.8 X 0.35 m,
lobis ventralibus 0.25 X 0.2 mm. Stigma punctiforme; stylus 5.6
X 0.5-0.15 mm glaber; ovarium apicaliter modice setulosum pilis
0.3-0.5 mm longis eglandulosis.

Type Collection: R. M. Harley, G. L. Bromley, A. M. de
Carvalho, J. L. Hage, & H. S. Brito 21403 (holotype CEPEC 25776;
isotypes K, US) ; collected in a marsh in the basin of the upper
Rio Sao Francisco ca 28 km southeast of Bom Jesus da Lapa on the
Caitité road, Bahia, Brazil, elev. ca 500 m, 16 April 1980.
"Slender erect unbranched herb to 15 cm. Leaves pale green;
calyx green, petals pink, anthers golden-yellow, filaments white,
stigma tinged pink.”

Paratype: Harley et al 21478 (K), Calderao ca 32 km NE of
Bom Jesus da Lapa, Bahia, Brazil, elev. ca 500 m ("Slender
annual. Leaves pale green. Calyx green. Petals pink, anthers
golden yellow").

The suggested relative has lanceate leaves 0.4-0.8 cm wide
and above with hairs 0.8-1.3 mm long, predominantly 3-merous
flowers, hypanthium 4 mm long with hairs 1-2 mm long, and petals
10 X 10-11 mm. Pterolepis weddelliana (Naud.) Triana also has
broader leaves with longer hairs, as well as much larger flowers;
P. trianaei Cogn., known from the Serra do Acurua in Bahia
(Harley et al 190h0 and 19067) has narrow leaves like those of
P. gracilis, but abundant and patent glandular hairs on the
stems, as well as larger flowers with part of the hypanthial
hairs branched.

PTEROLEPIS ROTUNDIFOLIA Wurdack, sp. nov.

P. cataphractae (Cham.) Triana affinis, hypanthiorum pilis
et calycis lobis longioribus differt.

Ramuli teretes sicut foliorum subtus venae primariae densi-
uscule strigulosi pilis plerumque 0.5-1 X 0.2-0.3 mm robustis
paulo complanatis sublaevibus. Petioli 0.1-0.2 mm longi; lamina
0.5-0.7 X 0.4-0.6 cm rotundata vel ovato-rotundata apice basique
late obtuso vel rotundato, rigida et integra appresso-ciliolata,
supra ut videtur glutinosa et sparse strigulosa pilis sublaevibus
0.3-0.6 X 0.2 mm fere omnino adhaerentibus, subtus in superficie
dense setulosa pilis crispulis ca 0.1 mm longis, trinervata venis
primariis lateralibus et nervis secundariis supra invisis nervis
secundariis subtus ca 0.5 mm inter se distantibus. Flores 5-meri
terminales solitarii, pedicellis ca 1 mm longis, bracteis ovatis

1983 Wurdack, Certamen Melastomataceis 137

ca 2.5 X 2.5 m extus centraliter strigulosis plerumque evolutis.
Hypanthium (ad torum) 4.5 mm longum dense pilis penicillatis
(axibus 2-3 mm longis, ramis paucis eglandulosis 1-1. 5 mm longis)
setosum; calycis tubus 0.1 mm longus appendicum axibus ca 4-4.5
mn longis ramis 1-2(-2.5) mm longis eglandulosis, lobis 8 X 3.5
mn lanceatis ad basim ca O.5 mm imbricatis ciliolatis alioqui
glabris. Petala 12.3-12.7 X 8.2-8.5 mm obovata apice rotundato-
truncato densiuscule glanduloso-ciliolata (0.1 mm) et pilis ca
3 glanduliferis 1-1.4 mm longis terminata. Stamina isomorphica
glabra; filamenta 7.8-8 mm longa; antherarum thecae 5.4-5.6 X
0.5 X 0.6 mm subulatae, poro 0.15 mm diam. ventraliter incli-
nato; connectivum 0.5-0.7 mm prolongatum, lobis ventralibus 0.4 X
O.3 mm hebetibus. Stylus 15.5 X 0.5-0.3 mm glaber; ovarium
apicaliter sparsiuscule glanduloso-strigulosum (0.3-0.7 mn) et
setis numerosis glanduliferis 1-1.7 mm longis coronatun.

Type Collection: R. M. Harley, G. L. Bromley, A. M. de
ene Jd. M. Soares Nunes, J. L. Hage, & E. B. dos Santos

22550 (holotype CEPEC 29657; isotypes K. US), collected on _

west-facing ridge of Serra da Larguinha. ca 2 km NE of Caeté-Asu
(Capae Grande), Serras dos Lengois, 41° 29' W, 12° 36" S, Bahia,
Brazil, elev. 1000-1400 m, 25 May 1980. "Bushy shrub to 1 m.
Leaves thick, glossy dark green above, very pale below. Calyx
dark reddish with yellowish-brown shaggy bristles. Spreading
dull reddish calyx lobes. Corolla blue-purple, white at base.
Anthers cream, filaments purple, style pink. |

The flowers in P. cataphracta are usually 3 (or more)-
aggregate at the branchlet ends; the hypanthial hairs have a
"trunk" 1 mm or less long with usually gland-tipped branches
(the intercalycine appendage stem longer, up to 2.5 mm); the
calyx lobes are only (2-)3-4.5 mm long; and the stamens are
somewhat dimorphic in size mapa the ovary hairs are mostly gland-
tipped). Santos et al 3344 (27 km SW of Alcobaga, Mun. Caravelas,
Bahia) is the the only « collection seen of P. cataphracta with egland-
ular hypanthial hairs, but is otherwise consonant with numerous
other gatherings of the species. Pterolepis parnassifolia (DC.)
Triana is more distantly related, having fine spreading branch-
let and lower leaf surface hairs, longer densely setulose-
barbellate hypanthial hairs, and eglandular ovary pubescence;
the only recent collection is Mori et al 12637, from 3 km south
of Mucugé, Bahia. From SEM investigations (to be published in
detail elsewhere), the large intersepalar hairs of P. rotundi-
folia and its two close relatives show stomata basally along the
trunk. Other species with such stomata include P. alpestris
(Dc.) Triana, P. balansaei Cogn., P. glomerata eae ) Miquel
P. maritima (St. Hil.) Cogn., P. paludosa Cogn., P. pauciflora
(Naud. ) Triana var. hirsutissima (aud) Cogn., Sy (ee
(Bonpl.) Cogn., P. riedeliana Cogn., and P. salzmannii (Naud. )
Cogn.

GONTRIBUTION TO’ THE LICHEN FLORA OF BRAZIL XI.
Lichens from Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State.

HECTOR SH" 0S0RTO: ** “and @MARTANA FLETG **:

*Departamento de Botanica, Museo Nacional de
Histonia Natural. .Casitlla. de.Gorreo399,
Montevideo, URUGUAY.
**Departamento de Botanica, Instituto de Bio-
ciencias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande
do SUA nee PORDG GALEGRE =, “RS BRASIL.

The Municipality of Santa Maria,located in the central
part of Rio Grande do Sul State , is the westernmost
region of the Central Lowlands (Depressao Central, Ram-
bo 1956).

The present knowledge we possess of its lichen flora
is due exclusively to the collections made by G. A.

Malme during the First Regnell Expedition (Malme 1897).

During the Second Regnell Expedition (Malme 1904) this

Municipality was not visited by this author.

Apart from the works dealing with the collections ma-

de during the First Regnell Expedition the authors we-

re unable to find any other information concerning the

Tichen flora of, this Municipality.

The present paper is based on a collection made by the

junior author in the place named "Parada Link" which

is a small railway station located 25 km NW from San-

ta Maria City.

All the lichen species here enumerated were collected

growing on Melia azedarach and are preserved at ICN.

The collection numbers belong to the junior author num-

bering system.

Buellia callispora (Nyl.) Steiner.
703/28b. New to Rio Grande do Sul.

Caloplaca granularis (Mill. Arg.) C. Sambo.
103 /3dD,5 7038/2668... In’ Braz?” this’spectés 15 "at pre=
sent known only from Rio Grande do Sul State: two
collections from the vicinity of Encruzhilada do Sul
(Osorio & Homrich 1978) and two another collections
from the Municipality of Montenegro (Osorio, Aguiar
& Citadini 1980).

Dirinaria applanata (Fée) Awasthi.

703/3a.
Glyphis cicatricosa (Ach.) Vain. f. confluens (Zenk.)
ROSf20:. Zahlbr.

Redinger (1934) reported three collections (inclu-
ding one of the forma intermedia) from the whole
138

1983 Osorio & Fleig, Lichen flora of Brazil 139

State of Rio Grande do Sul. Field observations made
by the authors in several localities proved that at
present this species is widely distributed through the
State. It was observed growing indistinctly on indi-
genous or introduced trees.

Graphina nylanderiana Zahlbr.
703/23.

Graphis Lineola Ach.
FO3/22.

Haematomma similis Bagl.
703/16, 703/32. Malme (1940) who reported this spe-
cies as Haematomma puniceum var. subinnatum do not
quote any collection from Rio Grande do Sul. Rogers
(1982) in the lectotypification of this variety men-
tions erroneously the locality of Colonia Risso from
Uruguay instead of Paraguay.

Heterodermia diademata (Tayl.) Awasthi.
t0s/ ts 703 /9-

Lecidea russula Ach.
703/19.

Qchrolechia subpallescens Vers.
703/26a, 703/30. Formerly known in the State from
only one collection made near Encruzilhada do Sul
(Osorio & Homrich 1978).

Parmelina lindmanii (Lynge) Hale.
703.5. 9f03/6..

Parmotrema austrosinense (Zahlbr.) Hale.

70378.
Parmotrema praesorediosum (Nyl.) Hale.
Poses:
Pertusaria flavens Nyl.
703/29a.
Pertusaria pulchella Malme.
POST) S.-

Phaeographina arechavaletae Mull. Arg.
703/24. Formerly known in Brazil from only one col-
lection made near Encruzilhada do Sul in Rio Grande
do Sul State (Osorio & Homrich 1978).

Phaeographina caesiopruinosa (Fée) Mull. Arg.
Wosret:

Phaeographis lobata (Eschw.)Mill. Arg.
703/28a. Formerly known from two localities placed
in the eastern region of the State (Osorio & Fleig
1982, Osorio, Homrich & Fleig 1982).

Phaeographis medusiformis(Kremplh.) Mull. Arg.
TOS TE

Physcia aipolia (Ehrh.) Hampe.
LOZFLS.

Physcia crispa Nyl.
F037 2

Pseudoparmelia rneopruin (Zahlbr.) Hale.
7037 13:

140 Powe ye? OC OG IVA Vol. 53, Now 2

Pseudoparmelia exornata (Zahlbr.)Hale.

703/14,
Pseudoparmelia texana (Tuck.) Hale.
7103/4:
Ramalina celastri (Spreng.)Krog & Swinsc.
703) bie
Sphinctrina depressa H. Magn.
703/29c. New to Brazil. Formerly known only from

two localities in Uruguay (Magnusson 1950. Osorio
19:79).

SUMMARY.
Twenty six lichen species collected in the Municipality of Santa
Maria are listed. Buellia callispora and Haematomma_similis are
added to the known flora of Rio Grande do Sul State. Sphinctrina de-
pressa is recorded for Brazil for first time.

LITERATURE CITED.

MAGNUSSON, A. H. 1950. Lichens from Uruguay. Meddelanden for Go-
teborgs Botaniska Trddgard 18: 213-237.

MALME, G. 0. 1904. Reseberdttelse afgifven at Regnellske stipen-
diaten doktor G.0. Malme for aren 1901-1903. Kunglige Svenska
Vetenskaps-Akademiens. Arsbok 1904: 105-115.

MALME, G. 0. 1940. Lichenes nonnulli in Expeditione Regnelliana
prima collecti. Arkiv fér Botanik 29A (6): 1-35.

OSORIO, H. S. 1979. Contribution to the lichen flora of Uruguay
XII. Lichens from Nueva Palmira, Colonia Department. Phytologia
43 (3): 289-292.

OSORIO, H. S., L. W. AGUIAR & V. CITADINI. 1980. Contribution to
the lichen flora of Brazil. VII. Lichens from Montenegro and
Triunfo, Rio Grande do Sul State. Comunicaciones botanicas del
Museo de Kiistoria Natural de Montevideo 4(62): 1-8.

OSORIO, H. S. & M. FLEIG. 1982. Contribution to the lichen flora
of Brazil IX. Lichens from the Municipality of Torres, Rio Gran-
de do Sul State. Mycotaxon 14(1): 347-350.

OSORIO, H. S. & M. H. HOMRICH. 1978. Contribution to the lichen
flora of Brazil IV. Lichens from Southern Rio Grande do Sul.
The Bryologist 81(3): 452-454.

OSORTO, 88) Si5.00.0 HS SHOMRICH & Mo FEEIG. "19822" Contribution to
the lichen flora of Brazil X. Lichens from Guaiba, Rio Grande
do Sul State. Phytologia 51(7): 479-484.

RAMBO, J. 1956. A Fisionomia do Rio Grande do Sul. Jesuitas no
Sul do Brasil vol. VI: 1-456. 2a. edic. Edit! Livraria Selbach,
Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.

REDINGER, K. 1934. Die Graphidineen der ersten Regneli'schen Ex-
pedition nach Brasilien 1892-1894. I. Glyphis, Medusulina und
Sarcographa. Arkiv for Botanik 25A (13): 1-20!

ROGERS, R. W. 1982. The corticolous species of Haematomma in
Australia. Lichenologist 14 (2): 115-129.

A NEW ILLINOIS VASCULAR PLANT AND OTHER DISTRIBUTIONAL RECORDS
FOR WEST-CENTRAL ILLINOIS

R. D. Henry and A. R. Scott
Institute for Environmental Management and R. M. Myers Herbarium
Western Illinois University, Macomb, Illinois 61455

ABSTRACT: A new Illinois vascular plant, Sporobolus pyramidatus
(Lam.) Hitchc. is reported along with 70 other-county records
for two west-central Illinois counties (Pike and Scott).

Notable range extensions in the state are recorded for Corydalis
aurea Willd., Eriochloa contracta Hitchc., and Leptochloa
attenuata (Nutt.) Steud. Additionally, white color forms of
Cirsium discolor (Muhl.) Spreng, Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore
and Delphinium tricorne Michx. are noted as well as an early
flowering Aster novae-angliae L.

INTRODUCTION

The information on the vascular plants of Pike and Scott
counties in Illinois reported in this paper was derived from a
study entitled "Description of the Biota in the Areas of
Proposed Illinois River Bridge Sites for the Central Illinois
Expressway (FAP 408)" which was funded by the Illinois Depart-
ment of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration
of the United States Depertment of Transportation. The plants
were collected during walking surveys of the proposed highway
corridors from March through September 1981. Distribution
status of the species was determined from the work of
Mohlenbrock and Ladd (1978) and Mohlenbrock (1978, 1980, 1981,
1982); nomenclature follows Mohlenbrock (1975). Voucher
specimens are deposited in the R. M. Myers Herbarium of Western
Illinois University (MWI). The plants were collected by the
authors and in this report each plant is annotated as to county,
habitat and collection number(s).

This paper reports 71 county records. One of these county
records, Sporobolus pyramidatus (Lam.) Hitchc., is a state record
and 3 others, Corydalis aurea Willd., Eriochloa contracta Hitchc.
and Leptochloa attenuata Steud. are notable state range exten-
sions. White color forms of Cirsium discolor (Muhl.) Spreng.,
Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore and Delphinium tricorne Michx. as
well as some June flowering Aster novae-angliae L. plants are
also reported.

STATE RECORD

Sporobolus pyramidatus (Lam.) Hitchc.: Pike, roadside. 1734;
1758.
This alien plant, which is a native of southwestern United

141

142 Pon WT Oat OG Vol. 53, Now 2

States, was found in sandy soil along the highway west of
Florence. Flowering specimens were collected from the rather
large population in June and July, 1981. Steyermark (1963)
reported an 1896 collection (and none since) from Jackson County,
Missouri which is about 225 miles west of Florence, Illinois.
Gleason (1963) reports it as adventive in Yonkers, New York.

NOTABLE RANGE EXTENSIONS

Corydalis aurea Willd. ssp. aurea: Pike, by railroad near
edge of woods. 1862, 1690, 1691, 1764.

This plant was found in gravelly ballast about one mile
west of Valley City. There were several small colonies each
consisting of a small number of plants which were readily grow-
ing, flowering and seeding. According to Bowles, et al. (1981)
this is an endangered species in Illinois and this would be the
only county with an extant population. Bowles, et al. (1981)
record it for only 4 northern counties whereas Mohlenbrock (1981)
and Mohlenbrock and Ladd (1978) record it for 7 northern and
central counties. Nevertheless, by either distribution, the
Pike county location is the southernmost county of its occur-
rence in Illinois, being a 50 mile southwest extension from
Mason county (Mohlenbrock, 1981) and a 150 mile southwest
extension from LaSalle county (Bowles, et al., 1981). Although
considered a native plant, it is theoretically possible that this
population is "adventive" since G. B. Ownbey in his specimen
determination letter to us states "C. aurea is frequently trans-
ported by means of its seeds in railroad ballast etc,........ *
Eriochloa contracta Hitche: Pike, sandy soil by roadside. 1732.

This is the seventh and northernmost county for this plant,
being about 70 miles northwest of its nearest location in
Montgomery county. The other 6 counties are in the southern one-
third of the state (Mohlenbrock and Ladd, 1978 and Shildneck,
ef tall:'5"1981)

Leptochloa attenuata (Nutt.) Steud.: Scott, floodplain. 1778.

Presently known from 4 counties at the southern tip of the
State (Mohlenbrock and Ladd, 1978), this fifth location extends
the range north about 150 miles.

ADDITIONAL COUNTY RECORDS

Acorus calamus L.: Pike, wet ground. 1632.

Amaranthus spinosus L.: Scott, dike. 1610.

Amaranthus tamariscinus Nutt.: Scott, floodplain. 1779.
Berberis thunbergii DC.: Pike, wooded slope. 1626, 1745.
Betula miera.L.s: Scott; floodplains ‘1596.

Bidens comosa (Gray) Wieg.: Scott, floodplain. 1787-1788.
Bidens connata Muhl.: Scott, floodplain. 1785-1786.
Botrychium dissectum Spreng.: Pike, woods. 1746.

1983 Henry & Scott, Distributional records 143

Botrychium dissectum Spreng. var. obliquum (Muhl.) Clute: Pike,

woods. 1747.
Cardaria draba (L.) Desv.: Pike, roadside. 1631.
Carex conjuncta Boott.: Pike, moist woods. 1661.
Cassia marilandica L.: Pike, Prairie opening. 1748.

Circaea quadrisulcata (Maxim.) Franch. & Sav. var. canadensis (L.)
Hara.: Pike, damp woods. 1767.
Cirsium pumilum (Nutt.) Spreng.: Pike, hill prairie. 1761.

Comandra richardsiana Fern.: Pike, prairie opening. 1660.
Commelina diffusa Burm. f.: Scott, floodplain. 1780, 1782.
Corallorhiza odontorhiza (Willd.) Nutt.: Pike, moist woods.
LF 5S5 LISA.
Corallorhiza wisteriana Conrad: Pike, wooded stream bed. 1649.
Cyperus filiculmis Vahl. var. macilentus Fern.: Pike, dry bluff-
tops: °£76635-1 775.
Cyperus ovularis (Michx.) Torr.: Pike, sandy loess field road.
1700.

Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauv.: Pike, dry blufftop. 1733.

Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Muhl.: Pike, soybean field. 1703.

Eragrostis poaeoides Beauv.: Pike, grassy farm road. 1704.

Erigenia bulbosa (Michx.) Nutt.: Pike, moist woods. 1628.

Erysimum repandum L.: Pike, by railroad. 1645.

Festuca obtusa Bieler: Pike, woods. 1664, 1668.

Geum vernum (Raf.) Torr. & Gray: Pike, dry wooded hillside. 1633,
1673.

Helianthus grosseserratus Martens: Scott, roadside. 1605.

Hieracium scabrum Michx.: Pike, dry woods. 1707, 1723.

Houstonia minima Beck.: Pike, dry bluff. 1654.

Iris pseudacorus L.: Pike, low wet area. 1687.

Kochia scoparia (L.) Roth.: Pike, stream edge under railroad
bridge... 1/29.

Laportea canadensis (L.) Wedd.: Pike, moist ground. 1696, 1705,
1749.

Lespedeza striata (Thunb.) Hook, & Arn: Pike, blufftop. 1699,
LjGS4, 20 h27, . LULA

Ligustrum vulgare L.: Pike, floodplain. 1636.

Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume: Pike, woods by stream. 1694, 1751.

Linum usitatissimum L.: Pike, roadside. 1776.

Liparis Jilifolia .(L..)Rich.:. Pike, wooded bluff. i762, 2700.
LiF 20

Lonicera maackii Maxim.: Pike, wooded hillside. 1629.

Lonicera prolifera (Kirchn.) Rehd.: Pike, rocky wooded bluff.
1665, 1666.

Lonicera sempervirens L.: Pike, moist woods. 1686.

Monotropa uniflora L.: Pike, open woods. 1/721.

Muhlenbergia schreberi J. F. Gmel.: Scott, dike. 17/77.

Myosotis virginica (L.) BSP: Pike, field. 1672.

Nasturtium officinale R. Br.: Pike, shallow stream. 1612.

Onoclea sensibilis L.: Pike, wet ground. 1678.

Osmorhiza claytonii (Michx.) Clarke: Pike, floodplain. 1638,
1675, 1768.

144 PL Wt, hit. 8, &; aya Vol. 53, No. 2

Paspalum pubiflorum Rupr. var. glabrum (Vasey) Vasey: Scott, dike.

1608.
Phalaris arundinacea L.: Pike, wet ditch. 1674.
Poa sylvestris Gray: Pike, woods. 1698.
Polygonum erectum L.: Pike, farm lane. 1716.

Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Bess.: Pike, floodplain. 1685, 1711.

Scutellaria nervosa Pursh.: ‘Pike, fioodplain. ' 1657, ° 1695.

Sibara* virginica’ (G.) Rollins: Pike, muiditat, 1623), 1634.

Silene nivea (Nutt.) Otth.: Pike, wooded floodplain. 1774.

Sitpne’ steiiata (it) 7Ait. £: +: 9Fike, woods.1773,

Smilax illinoensis Mangaly: Pike, rocky wooded hillside. 1663.

Specularia perfoliata (L.) A. DC.: Pike, wooded hillside. 1637,
1654, Lose:

Spiranthes ovalis Lindh.¢ . Pike, open! old) field. .1720, 1755.

Stachys tenuifolia Willd. var. hispida (Pursh) Fern.: Pike,
diteh at base of bluff. “1726, 17423 Scott, flcodplain.. 1784.

Taenidia integerrima (L.) Drude: Pike, rocky wooded bluff. 1622,
1650.

Thaspium trifoliatum (L.) Gray var. flavum Blake; Pike, moist woods.
1670.

Verbesina helianthoides Michx.: Pike, wooded hillside. 1736.

Vaola striata Aith? Pike; “floodplaint1 1639, 1640...

Zea mays L.: Pike, wooded slope. 1/15.

Zizia aurea (L.) Koch.: Pike, moist wooded hillside. 1667.

COLOR FORMS COLLECTED

Cirsium discolor (Muhl.) Spreng. f. albiflorum (Britt.) House:

Pike, roadside. 1743.

Mohlenbrock (1975) p. 439, states that white flowered
Specimens are rarely observed.

Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore: Pike, cattle feedlot. 1728.

This plant had white flowers.

Delphinium tricorne Michx. f. albiflora Millsp.: Pike, wooded

hillside. 1630.

Mohlenbrock (1981) p. 106 states that form albiflora has been
found twice in the Pine Hills of Union County and that a large
colony of white flowered plants has been seen in Randolph county.
This collection extends the range of this form about 120 miles north.

UNUSUAL FLOWERING TIME

Aster novae-angliae L. characteristically flowers in late
summer and fall (August - October per Mohlenbrock (1975, p. 428)).
We noticed several plants growing in low ground in Pike county in
full flower on June 24 and 25, 1981. We collected numbers 1759
and 1760.

1983 Henry & Scott, Distributional records 145
LITERATURE CITED

Bowles, .M...Lz, V. E. Diersings J..°:: Ebinger, «and H. €. Schuitz.
1981. Endangered and threatened species of Illinois.
Illinois Department of Conservation, Springfield.

Gleason, H. A. 1963. Illustrated flora of the northeastern
United States and adjacent Canada. Vol. 1. Hafner Pub-
Lishing. Go.., Ine. , New York.

Mohlenbrock, R. H. 1975. Guide to the vascular flora of
Illinois. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.

1978. The illustrated flora of Illinois:
flowering plants--hollies to loasas. Southern Illinois
University Press, Carbondale.

1980. The illustrated flora of Illinois:
flowering plants - willows to mustards. Southern Illinois
University Press, Carbondale.

1981. The illustrated flora of Illinois:
flowering plants - magnolias to pitcher plants. Southern
Illinois University Press, Carbondale.

1982. The illustrated flora of Illinois:
flowering plants - basswoods to spurges. Southern Illinois
University Press, Carbondale.

» and D. M. Ladd. 1978. Distribution of
Illinois vascular plants. Southern Illinois University
Press, Carbondale.

Shildneck, P., A. G. Jones, and V. Muhlenbach. 1981. Additions
to the vouchered records of Illinois plants and a note on
the occurrence of Rumex cristatus in North America.
Phytologia 47(4): 265-290.

Steyermark, J. A. 1963. Flora of Missouri. The Iowa State
University Press, Ames.

NOTE: The contents of this report reflect the views of the
authors who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of
the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily
reflect the official views or policies of the Illinois Depart-
ment of Transportation or the Federal Government.

ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS CARYOPTERIS (VERBENACEAE). II

Harold Ne Moldenke

CARYOPTERIS Bunge

Additional & emended bibliography: Planch., Fl. Serres, ser. l,
9: 17. 18533; Van Houtte, Fl. Serres, ser. Ll, 9: 18, 18535; Bretschn.,
Hist. Europ. Bot. Disc. China 338. 1898; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl.
3: 120. 1908; Rehd., Man. Cult. Trees Shrubs, ad. l, imp. l, 775
& 778, 19273 Anone, Notes Roy. Bote Gard. Edinb. 17: 12, 1929;
Rehd., Man. Cult. Trees Shrubs, ed. ly imp. 2, 775 & 778 (1934),
ed. l, imp. 3, 775 & 778 (1935), ade 2, imp. 1, 802, 806, & 933
(1940), and ed. 2, imp. 2, 802, 806, & 933, 19513 Prain, Bengal
Pl., imp. 2, 2: 614 & 624. 19633 Rehde, Man. Cult. Trees Shrubs,
ed. 2, imp. Ll, 802, 806, & 933 (1967) and ead. 2, imp. 12, 802,
806, & 933. 1974; Bartholomew & ale, Journ. Arnold Arb. 64: 82.
1983; Mold., Phytologia 52: 482--490,. 1983,

CARYOPTERIS CHOSENENSIS Mold.

Additional bibliography: Rehd., Man. Cult. Trees Shrubs, ed. l,
imp. 1, 778 (1927), ade ly imp. 2, 778 (1934), and ed. l, imp. 3,
778, 19353; Mold., Phytologia 52: 452--455, 1983,

CARYOPTERIS xCLANDONENSIS Simmonds

Additional bibliography: Rehde, Man. Cult. Trees Shrubs, ed. 2,
impe 1, 806 & 933 (1940), ed. 2, imp. 2, 806 & 933 (1951), ad. 2,
impe ll, 806 & 933 (1967), and ed. 2, imp. 12, 806 & 9353, 1974;
Mold., Phytologia 52: 455--463, 483, & 486, 1983.

CARYOPTERIS GLUTINOSA Rehd.

Additional bibliography: Rehde, Man. Cult. Trees Shrubs, ed. 2,
impe 1, 806 & 933 (1940), ed. 2, imp. 2, 806 & 933 (1951), ed. 2,
imp. ll, 806 & 933 (1967), and ede 2, imp. 12, 806 & 933, 19743
Mold., Phytologia 52: 469-.471 & 490, 1983.

CARYOPTERIS INCANA (Thunb.) Mig.

Additional bibliography: Rehd., Man. Cult. Trees Shrubs, ed. l,
io05, 16, 770 (1977), @d. 1s imp. 2, 778 (1934), and ed. 1, imp. 3,
778, 19353 Mold., Phytologia 52: 453--455, 458--460, 462, & 469-—
490, 1983.

Additional citations: CHINA: Szechuan: Cheng 3455 ( Du--332816) $
Fang 1502 (N)$ He Smith 2260 (S), 4519 (S), 4806 (Ld--photo, Ny Nee
photo, S, Sie=photo). Province undetermined: Collector undeter-
mined 224 (Ut--72738b); Fortune 1866 (S)3 Hu 1375 (Ca--246898).
CHINESE E COASTAL ISLANDS: Honams E. O. Merrill 986: 9862 ( Ca--291661,
Gg--31998), KOREA: Ueki Sen. (S)e JAPAN: Kyushus Ke Tamura Sone
[16 Oct. 1945] (W--2071030); Maximowicz sen. [1863] (Pd) Ohashi,
Ohba, & Tateishi 137 (Ac); Oldham 627 (Br, M, Mu--48l, Mu--1680,.

Pd, Pd, S), SeNe [1862] | (T)$ Weiss 672 ~ (Bz-=18708). Koshikis Ohwi Sene
[Oct. 1928] (Ba). Tsushimas Herb. Muse Bot. Stockh. Sone [1279712]
ae

1983 Moldenke, Notes on Caryopteris 147

(S)3 He Koyama 3069 (Fl. Jap. Exsicc. 58] (Mu, N, Ws). Island
undetermined: Surge es sen. [Japonia] (M, N--photo); Herb. Ames se
ne [15 Sept.] ( 3 Herb. Lugd.-Bat. sen. [Japonia] (S)s He Le
JONES Sens key Sept. apt. 15] (0b--14853)$ Siebold sen. (Mu--480).
MACAO: Hance 360 (8z--18709). TAIWAN: Chuang & Kao 4697 (Ac); As
Henry SeMe ( N)s Matuda Tell [Herb. Nat. Taiwan Unive 21038] (We-
photo); Simada 276 (Ca)$ E. Hs Wilson 11147 (W-=1092624). HONG
KONG: Bodinier 487 (We-2497117)3 Ford Sens [18.8.93] (We-456052);
Fortune 34 (Mu--478), 136 (Mu--479)$ Hance 360 (Pd, Ut--72739b).
HONG KONG OF FSHORE ISLANDS: Lamma: Hu 6847 (W--2711976). CULT I-
VATED: Belgium: Herb. Hort. Brux. SeMe [25 Sept. 1899] (Br).
Californias Abrams 10115 in part (Du--139740); Eastwood sen. [Pa-
sadena, Aug. 26, 1915] (Gg--32002); Hardham s.n. [August 20] (Ba);
Jerabek sen. [April 1945] (Sd--36135)3 McClintock sen. [Los An-
geles, October 1, 1945] (N)s He A» Walker 3184 (Es); Walther 460
(N). Denmark: Lange Sens [Bot. Gard. Copenh.e, Oct. 1, 1919] (Ba).
District of Columbia: O'Neill seme (Oct. 3, 1931] (1), sen. [Sep-
tember 27, 1933] (I). England: Mackaness 57 (Ba)s Moldenke &
Moldenke 9265 (N), 9267 (N)3 Mulligan sen. ~ [October 1, 1936] (N)3
Stearn sen. [Cambridge Bot. Garde, 29.1X.1932] (Ba, Ba)y Sen. [27
September 1936] (N). Frances Harb. Delessert sene [he be, 28

Fbr. 1898] (N). Georgia: Berckmans sen. [Sep. 18, 1917] (Ba).
Germanys Bornmiller Sone [1 1936/11/78 8] ~(B)3 Herb. Hort. Reg. Monace
Sen. (Hort. Bot. Monace IXe 14] (Mu--4220), seme (Mu); Rehder SoMe
[Bote Gart. Gottinge, Oct. 22, 1893] (Ur). Illinois: E. E. Green
sen. (Oct. 4, 1935] (Ba); Co Z. Nelson sen. [July 18, 1921] (Ws).
Tndianas Ee Walker sone [Sept. 18, 1895] (It). Italy: Vignolo-
Lutati sen. [| Torino, V1I1e1934] (N). Japan: Tanaka 288 (Ca--
255169). Java: Harb. Hort. Bot. Bogor, 18712 (Bz), 18713 (Bz),
18714 (Bz). Kansas: F. C. Gates 20504 (Ka--89396), Massachusetts:
L. He Bailey sen. [Sept. “26-27, 1896] (It) Kidder sene [14 Sept.
92]. ~(ta-cl0753);3 C. He Thompson sen. [October 17, 1928} (Ms--
49802); Torrey & Cross | sen. [Amharst, Oct. 3, 1936] (Ms). Missou-
ris De Be Ounn 12716 716 (Ld=--39911). New Yorks "Me Be” 23-44 (Ba);
Hartling sens [Sept. 18, 1917] (Ur); Herb. Bailey Sen. Sens [Sapte 26,
1911] (8a)3 Horsey sen. [Highland Park, Sept. 21, 1917] (Ba)$ Nash
Sone [22.65.1898] (N)s He Ke Schneider sen. [N. Y. Bot. Card. Cult.
Pl. R.94/35] (Ba, N)3 z. cS Smith sen. (Buffalo, 1909] (N); Ne
Taylor sens [Ne Ye Bot. Card. Cult. Ple 15819; 9-19-04] (N), Sene
[Ne Ye Bot. Gard. Cult. Pl. 15819; 11-5-06] (N)$ Wacker 270 (It);
Worthlay sen. [Ne Ye Bot. Gard. Cult. Pl. 17514) (N)e Mew Zea-
land: Sykes ‘as 282/65 (Nz--156299). North Carolina: Biltmore Herbe
5691 (Dt). Oklahoma: Pullin 336 (St--9179), Oregon: Gundersen
Sen. [October 10, 1941] (Or--50763); J. C. Nelson 4691 (Ba)3 Be
Pierce sen. [Sapt. 4, 1944] (Or--49222). Pennsylvania: Peele 3 336
(Ba)s E. A. White sen. [10-12-97] (It). Sweden: Herb. Hort. The-
nensis - 112910 (Br); Herb. Mus. Bote Stockh s SeMe (S)e Washington:
Manser SeMe [October 1939 1939] “(0r--37999 9). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Le

148 Pah YoT+Biboid Barih Vol. 53, Noe 2

He Bailey, Cycle Am. Hort. 255, fig. 379 (Stand. Cycl. Hort. 679,
fige 382. 1914] (Ba--381084); Blanchard, Rev. Hort. 64: 324/325.
1892 (Ld); Hook. f., Curtis Bot. Mag. Lllls pl. 6799, 1885 (id);
Hsiao, Fle Taiwan pl. 1057. 1978 (Ld); Iinuma, Somokou Zousetsu,
ade ly, Llspl. 11. 1875 (td); Lindl., Edwards Bot. Rege 32 [sere 2,
19]: pl. 2. 1846 (Ba); Makino, Illust. Fl. Nipp. 185, fig. 554.
1940 (Ld, Ld); Spooner, Gard. Chron., sere. 3, 42: 409. 1907 (Ld);
Turrill, Curtis Bot. Mag. 166: pl. 75. 1975 (Ld).

CARYOPTERIS INCANA fe CANDIDA (Schelle) Hara, Enum. Sperm. Jape lL:
187. 1948.

Synonymys Barbula sinensis Loure, Fl. Cochinche, ade l, 2: 367.
1790, Mastacanthus barbula Steud., Nom. Bote Phaney ade 2, 23
105. 1841. Mastacanthus sinensis (Lour.) Endl. in Walp., Repert.
Bot. Syst. 4: [3]. 1845. mMastacanthus sinensis Endl. apud Sieb,. &
Zucce, Abhandl. Akad. Wiss. Muench. Mathe-Phys. 4 (3): 156, in
syne 1846, Caryopteris sinensis (Lour.) Dippe, Handb. Laubholzk.
1; 59. 1889. Caryopteris mastac. candida Hort. ex Schelle in
Beissner, Schelle, & Zabel, Handb. Laubholz-Benen. 426, nom nud.
1903. Caryopteris incana var. candida (Schelle) Schneid.e, Illust.
Handb. Laubholkz. 2: 596. 1911. Caryopteris incana candida [Le He
Bailey] ex Olmsted, Coville, & Kalsey, Stand. Pl. Names, ead. 1, 70.
1924, Caryopteris mastacanthus var. candida C. Schneid. ex Schel-
le, Pareys Blumengartn., ed. 1, 283, in syn. 1932. Caryopteris
incana var. candida Schneid. ex Schelle, Pareys Blumengartn., ade
1, 2: 283. 1952. Caryopteris incana candida Trelease, Pl. Mat.
Decorat. Gard. Woody Pl., ade 5, imp. 1, 145. 1940. Caryopteris
incana var. candida [Hort.] ex Le He & E. Z. Bailey, Hortus Sec.
145, 1941, Caryopteris mastacanthus f, candida Hort. ex Hara, E=
nume Sperm. Jape, imp. l, 1: 187, in syn. 1948, Caryopteris
mastacanthus var. candicans Schelle ex Bean, Trees Shrubs Hardy
Brite Islse, ad. 7, 1: 366. 1950. Caryopteris mastacanthus var.
alba Bean, Trees Shrubs Hardy Brit. Islse, ad. 7, 1: 366, in syne
1950, Caryopteris mastacanthus alba Hort. ex Mold., Resume 249,
in syn. 1959. Caryopteris sinensis Dipp. ex Molds, Rasume 250,
in syn. 1959, Caryopteris incana f. candicans (Schneid.) Hara ex
Bean, Trees Shrubs Hardy Brit. Islse, ad. 8 ls 519. 1970.

Bibliography: Lour., Fl. Cochinche, ad. 1, 2: 366--367 (1790)
and ede 2, 2: 444, 17933 Endl., Gene Pl. 638. 18383 Steud., Nom.
Bot. Phanes ed. Zs 2: 105. 18413 De Dietre, Syne Pl. 3s 619, 1843;
Walp., Rapert. Bot. Syst. 4s [3]. 1845; Lindl., Edwards Bot. Reg.
32 [ser. 2, 19]: pl. 2. 18463 Sieb. & Zucc., Abhandl. Akad. Wiss.
Muench. Mathe-Phys. 4 (3) [Fle Jape Fame Nat. 2]s 156. 18463
Bocq.e, Adansonia, ser. l, 2: 110. 18623; Bocge, Rav. Verbenac. 110,
1863; Pfeiffer, Nom. Bot. 1 (1): 614. 18733 Benth. in Benth. &
Hook. fe, Gene Pl. 2 (2): 1157. 18763 Hook. f., Curtis Bot. Mag.
lll [ser. 3, 41]: pl. 6799, 18853 Maxime, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci.
St.-Patersb. 31: 87. 18863 Durand, Ind. Gene. Phan. 322. 1888;
Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 59, 1889; Andre, Reve Hort. 64: 324,
18923 Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jackse, Inde KeWe, imp. l, i224 thee

1983 Moldenke, Notes on Caryopteris 149

447, 1893; Briqe in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ade l, 4
(3a): 178. 18953 Schelle in Beissner, Schelle, & Zabel, Handb.
Laubholz.-Benen. 426. 1903; Tillier, Réve Hort. 75: 16. 1903;
Dalla Torre & Harms, Gen. Siphonog., imp. l, 433. 19043 C. K.
Schneid.e, Illust. Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 596. 19113 Olmsted, Co-
ville, & Kelsey, Stand. Pl. Names, ed. ly, 70. 19243 Le He Bailey,
Man. Cult. Pl., ed. l, imp. 1, 634 (1924) and ad. 1, imp. 2, 634.
19253 Le He & Eo Ze Bailey, Hortus, ad. 1, 124, 19303; P*eai, Mem.
Scie Soc. China 1 (3): [Verbenac. China] 169. 1932; Scholle,
Pareys Blumengart., ede 1, 283. 19323 Le He Bailey, Florists
Handl. Verbenac. [mss.e]. 1935; Le He & Eo Ze Bailey, Hortus, ed.
2, 124, 19353 Bobbink & Atkins, Roses Ornament. Trees Shrubs 52.
1935; Dreer, Gard. Book [97]: 21, 117, & 131 (1935) and [98]: 5,
21, & 121. 19363 L. H. Bailey, Man. Cult. Pl., ad. l, imp. 3, 634.
19383 He We Harvey Gae Unive. Agric. Ext. Serv. Bull. 402, ed. 2,
34, 1938; Sakata, Reliable Seeds Nursery 1939: 28, 1939; W. Tre-
lease, Pl. Mat. Decorat. Gard. Woody Pl., ade 5, impe l, 145.
1940; L. He Bailey, Man. Cult. Pl., ade ly imp. 4, 634, 19415 Le
He & Eo Ze Bailey, Hortus Sece, imp. 1, 145. 19413 Mold., Suppl.
List Inve Namas [1]. 19413 Sakata, Reliable Seeds Nursery 1941s
54. 1941; Kalsey & Dayton, Stand. Pl. Names, ede 2, 93. 19423
Molde, Alph. List Inve Names 6. 19423; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib.
Verbenace, ede 1, 71 & 87. 19423 Le He Bailey, Mane Cult. Ple, ad.
l, impe 5, 634. 19443 E. Le De Seymour, New Gard. Encycl.e, ed. 3,
154. 19443 Jacks. in Hook, f. & JackSe, Inde KOWe, impe 2, ls 272
& 447, 19463 Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names Suppl. ls 2. 1947; Hara,
Enum. Sperm. Jape, imp. l, ls: 186--187, 19483 Le He Bailey, Mane
Cult. Ple, ade 2, 846 & 1047, 19493 Molde, Known Geogr. Distrib.
Verbenace, ade 2, 131, 157, & 178_ 19493 Rehdes Bibliog. Cult.
Treas 585-.586. 1949; Angely, Cate Estat. Gen. Bot. Fan. 17: 3,
19563 Mold., Resume 168, 172, 214, 237, 249, 250, & 445. 19593; Bon
sted in Encka, Pareys Blumengdrt.e, ed. 2, 2: 449, 19603 Jacks. in
Hook. f. & Jackse, Inds KaWey imp. 3, 1: 272 & 447. 1960; Mold.,
Rasume Suppl. 3: 19 & 27. 19623 Dalla Torre & Harms, Gen. Siphon-
Oges impe 2, 433. 19633 J. & Le Bush-Brown, Am. Gard. Book, ede 4,
252 & 269. 1965; Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 766. 19653 E. Lawrence, South.
Garde, ede 2, 183. 19673 Pal & Krishnamurthi, Flow. Shrubs 22 &
132, 19673 W. Trelease, Pl. Mat. Decorat. Gard. Woody Pl., ede 5,
imp. 2, 145. 19683 Bean, Trees Shrubs Hardy Brite Islse, ade 8, ls
519, 1970; Mold., Fifth Summ. ls 287, 292, 309, 356, 395, 422, &
423 (1971) and 2: 856. 19713 R. Bailey, Good Housekeep. Illustr.
Encycl. Gard. 4: 502. 19723; Hara, Enum. Sperm, Jape, imp. 2, 1s
186--187, 19723 Le He & Eo Ze Bailey, Hortus Sece, imp. 18, 145.
1974; Molde, Phytologia 31: 390 (1975) and 34: 272. 19763 Mold.,
Phytol. Mam, 2: 277, 281--283, 300, 346, 379, & 529, 19803; Molde,
Phytologia 52: 429, 434, & 490, 1983.

Illustrations: Bobbink & Atkins, Roses Ornament. Trees Shrubs
52 [center] (in color). 1935; Dreer, Gard. Book [97]: 117 (in col.
or), 1935.

Haec forma a forma typica speciei corollis albis recedit. This
form differs from the typical form of the species in having white
corollas. It is not merely a cultivar, as some authors claim, be-

150 PHYTOL GRR Vol, 53, Now 2

cause it grows wild and native in Chine and elsewhere, occurring
sporadically there along with the ordinary form. As grown in
gardens, according to Bean (1970), “It is perhaps less hardy than
the type".

Loureiro’s Barbula sinensis (1790) apparently was this form,
since he describes its corollas as white. His original description
iss “Floribus verticillatis: foliis oblongis, serratis. Hab. Fru-
tex lignosus, l-pedalis: ramis ascendentibus, paucis. Folia ovato-
oblonga, obtusa, serrata, basi integerrima, lineata, tomentosa,
opposita: petiolis brevibus. Flor albus axillaris, verticillis
fastigiatis. Planta grati odoris. Habitat Cantone Sinarum incul-
ta." The type is deposited in Paris.

Ohwi (1965) refers to this color form as "A white-flowered
phase", listing for it the Japanese vernacular name, "shirobana-
dangiku",. Bailey (1935) listed only Sanford as a seedsman or nur-
seryman offering this form to the horticultural trade. Kelsey &
Dayton (1942) call it the “white bluebeard” as a standardized
English common name.

Collectors describe the plant as an ill-smelling, low or erect
shrub or subshrub, 0,2-—1.5 m. tall, the flowers ill-smelling, one
"petal" of the corolla “larger than the rest, fringed at the mare
gin", the stamens [filaments] purple, the anthers blue but aventu-
ally turning black, and the fruit globose, “with 4 tufts of hair”.
They have encountered it in the wild in open ravines and open
areas in general, as well as on sea-facing hills. It is said to
be "fairly common" on dry sandy slopes on Lantao island according
to Taam.

Although a white-flowered form of the species is mentioned by
many authors, it is usually without a subspecific designation.

The criginal publication of Barbula sinensis Lour. is often cited
as first published by Loureiro in his Flora Cochinchinensis, edi-
tion 2 (1793), but it was actually published three years earlier
in the first (1790) edition of the work,

P*ei (1932) cites, as white-flowered, Tak & Chow 2316 and Tsi-
ang 1068 & 3257 from Kwangtung, Chinas; the @ "stamens" are said to
have been purple on Tsiang 1068,

Citations: CHINA: Kwangtungs: Tak & Chow 2316 (Herb. Canton Chr.
Coll. 14177] (Ca--318895 )$ Tsiang 1068 1068 . (Du--250189), 3257 (N)$
Ying 1068 (Ca--358911), Province undetermined: Ae Henry - SeNe
[Gct. 25] (N)» CHINESE COASTAL ISLANDS: Lantau: Taam 1782 (Ca--
82771, Mi, Ny We-2072638). HONG KONG OFFSHORE ISLANDS: Port: Hu
12249 (W--2731212). CULTIVATED: Illinois: £. £. Crean s.n. (Oct.
4, 1935] (8a). New Jersay: Ge He Me Lawrence P6455 (Ba). New
York: Nash Sone [9.S5.1898] (Ny. | West Virginias Dav Davis & Davis

7200 (We).

CARYOPTERIS INCANA f. MACROPHYLLA Mold., Phytologia 23: 453.
1972.
Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 23: 453, 19723 Anone, Biol.
Abstr. 56 (3): BeAeSeleCe Se39e 19733 Mold., Biol. Abstr. 56s
1243, 19733 Hockina, Excerpt. Bot. Ae23: 291. 1974; Mold., Phytol.

1983 Moldenke, Notes on Caryopteris 151

Meme 2: 300 & 529. 19803 Brenan, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 16: 58, 19813
Molde, Phytologia 52: 435, 1983.

This form differs from the typical form of the species in have
ing the main leaves on flowering branches with their petioles
2.5e=03 cme long and their leaf-blades 8.5--9 cm. long and 4.5--5
CMe widee

This form is based on a specimen gathered by an unknown collec-
tor somewhere in Japan on September 20, 1910, and is sheet number
1178283 in the United States National Herbarium in Washington.

Citations: JAPAN: Island undetermined: Collector undetermined
Sens [20 Sept. 1910] (W--1178283--type).

CARYOPTERIS INCANA f. NANA (Borsch) Mold., Stat. nOve

Synonymy: Caryopteris mastacanthus nanus Borsch, Hardy. Alp.
Pl. 8. 1927. Caryopteris incana var. nana [Cate Wm. Borsch] ex
Le He & Eo Ze Bailey, Hortus Sacey imp. l, 145. 1941. Caryopteris
incana vare nana Borsch ex Mold., Fifth Summ, ls: 422, in syne
1971. Caryopteris mastacanthus nanus Dreer ex Molde, Fifth Summ.
ls 423, in syne 1971.

Bibliography: Borsch, Hardy Herb. Alp. Pl. 8 1927; Le He Bai-
ley, List Florists Handl. Verbenac. [msse]~. 19353 Le Hy & Es Ze
Bailey, Hortus Sece, imp. 1, 145. 19415 Molde, Known Geogr. Dis-
trib. Verbenac.e, ade 2, 157 & 178 1949; Rehd., Bibliog. Cult.
Trees 586. 1949; Mold., Rasume 214, 249, & 445. 19593 Mold., Fifth
Summ, lL: 354 & 422 (1971) and 2: 856. 19713 Le He & Eo Ze Bailey,
Hortus Sece, imp. 18, 145. 19745; Molde, Phytol. Mam. 2: 277, 281,
304, 346, & 529. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 52: 435, 469, & 490, 1983.

Haec forma a forma typica speciei statura nana ramis decumbaene
tibus vel usque ad 30--60 cm. adscendentibus vel prostratis rece-
ait.

This form differs from the typical form of the species in its
generally lower stature, the branches decumbent to prostrate or
ascending 30--60 cm.

As yet I have been unable to trace this taxon nomenclaturally
or bibliographically back farther than 1927, when William Borsch &
sons described it in one of their catalogues as "(Blue Spirea) -
Crows almost 3 ft. high and produces lovely lavender-blue flowers
the whole length of its branches. A valuable plant for sither pot
culture or bedding, blooming continuously from September until cut
down by frost", offaring plants at 50 cents and 75 cents [UsSeAe]
eache

On writing to the Borsch firm in Maplewood, Oregon, a letter
of reply was received by me from Fred Je Borsch, dated November
14, 1947, in which he states that "To the best of my knowledge it
was between 1926 and 1930 that we obtained stock of this plant
from Henry Dreer of Philadelphia. We have not been listing it une
der that name [*Caryopteris mastacanthus nanus’] for the past
twelve years. The Borsch nursery was sold to Saxton & Wilson in
1944,"

The form apparently is @ natural one, not merely a cultivar as
some authors now seem to regard it, and the type should probably be
the Chiao 18868 collection from Chakiang, China, cited below and

152 Pep Pot OL Oo Gere Vol. 53, Now 2

deposited in the United States National Herbarium in Washington,

The form occurs on slopes and windswept cliffs in parts of China,
Taiwan, and Honam island, described by some collectors as a dwarf
form of the species, the stems decumbent or ascending, l-=-2 faat

tall. It has been found in anthesis and fruit in October and No-
vember. The corollas are described as “lobes lavender RHS Fan 2

Violet-Blue 91/A" on Peterson J.1358.

A similar habital form, with prostrate, spreading branches, is
represented by C. forrastii Diels and some forms of C. mongholica
Bungee aay

Material of C. incana f. nana has been distributed in some her-
baria as typical ~ C. incana (Thunb.) Miq. and even as Abelia ionan-
dra Hayata. PAs!

~ Citations: CHINA: Chekiangs Chiao 18868 [Herbe Univ. Nanking
18868] (Ne-isotype, W--1554162--typa, Ws--isotype). Kiangsi: Lau
4785 (S, We-1753404). Kwangtung: Lavine, Canton Chr. Coll, 1679
(Ka--63326, We-1173108), 3472 (W--1270984). TAIWANs IANs Suzuki 21426
( We-2063459 ) ; Ee He Wilson 11118 (We-1092620),. CULTIVATED: Japan:
Isle Sen. (Sept. 26, 1937] (Ka-~89780), Pennsylvania: Je W. Peter-
son J. J21358 (Ba).

CARYOPTERTS INCANA f. SUPERBA (Dreer) Mold., stat. nov.

Synonymy: Caryopteris mastacanthus superbus Dreer, Gard. 800k
Ea as ee © Wy OR TEs Pa Caryopteris incana var. superba
(Oreer) Bobbink & Atkins, Roses Ornament. Trees Shrubs 52. 1935.
Caryopteris incana superba Bobbink & Atkins ex L. He Bailey, List
Florists Handl. Verbenac. [mss.]. 1935. Caryopteris incana vare
superba Le He & Es Ze Bailey, Hortus Sece, impe 1, 145, 1941.
Caryopteris incana var. superba Hort. ex Mold., Known Geogr. Dis-
trib. Verbenace, ed. 1, 71 & 82. 1942, Caryopteris incana vare
superba "[Hort.] ex Bailey" apud Rehd., Bibliog. Cult. Trees 586.
1949,

Bibliography: Le He Bailey, List Florists Handl. Verbenac.
[msse]. 19353 Bobbink & Atkins, Rosas Ornament. Trees Shrubs 52.
1935; Dreer, Gard. Book [97]: 21, 117, & 131 (1935) and [98]: 5,
21, & 121. 19363 Sakata, Reliable Seeds Nursery 1939: 28, 1939;
Totty’s Catalogue 1939: 35. 1939; Le. He & Ew Ze Bailey, Hortus
SeCes imp. 1, 145, 19413 Sakata, Reliable Seeds Nursery 1941: 94,
1941; Molde, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenace, ed. l, 71 & 87
(1942) and ed. 2, 157 & 178, 19493; Rehd., Bibliog. Cult. Trees
5 666 19495 Molde, Journ. Calif, Hort. Soc. 15: 87, 1954; Mold.,
Resume 214, 249, & 445, 1959; Sharma & Mukhopadhyay, Journ. Genet.
58: 359. 1963; Bose, Handb. Shrubs 36: 122. 19653 J. & Le Bush-
Brown, Am. Gard. Book, ad. 4, 378, 19653 E. Lawrence, South Garde,
ed. 2, 183, 19673; Pal & Krishnamurthi, Flow. Shrubs 132. 19673
Molde, Fifth Summ. 1: 356, 422, & 423 (1971) and 2s 8&6. 1971;
Lota &- Es Le Bailey, Hortus SOC e» imp. 18, 145. 1974; Molde,
Phytol. Mem. 2: 346 & 529, 19803 Mold., Phytologia 52: 435. 1983.

Illustrations: Bobbink & Atkins, Rosas Ornament. Trees Shrubs
52 [left] (in color). 1935; Dreer, Gard. Book [97]: 117 (in col-
or) (1935) and [98]: 5 & 121. 1936.

1983 Moldenke, Notes on Caryopteris 153

Haec forma a forma typica speciei corollis rubellis recedit.
This form differs from the typical form of the species in having
pink corollas.

Dreer (1935) describes this plant as "A handsome and free-
flowering woody perennial plant of unusual appeal. Well branched,
growing 2 to 3 feat high with long stems covered with showy whorls
of attractive clear-colored flowers during September and October.
Well adapted to cutting.” He describes three color forms: blue,
pink, and white. The first of these actually is the true C. in-
cana (Thunb.) Migqes the third is what we now call C. incana f.
candida (Schelle) Harae, while the pink form is the form to which
IT am restricting the form name, superba.

Totty (1939) also describes this plant in a similar fashion,
adding that it is “valuable on account of its late flowering ha-
bit", The pink-flowaread form is also listed, without a special
nama, by Sakata (1939, 1941), Bose (1965), Lawrence (1967), Sharma
& Mukhopadhyay (1967), and Pal & Krishnamurthi (1967). Bailey
(1935) listed it as offered to the horticultural trade only by
Dreer in Philadelphia, Pannsylvania, Schling in New York City, and
Bobbink & Atkins in East Rutherford, New Jersey.

Considerable effort has been expended by me to ascertain the
original dates of publication of the names involved in the nomencla~
ture of this taxon. On the recommendation of the late Dr. Liberty
Hyde Bailey, letters of inquiry were sent on August 18, 1947, to
Bobbink & Atkins, We Atlee Burpee (Philadelphia), James C. Clark
(Riverton, New Jersey), Henry A. Dreer, Gulf Stream Nursery per
Jacques Le Gendre (Wachapreaque, Virginia), Max Schling, and
Totty’s (Madison, New Jersey), and on September ll, 15, & 26 to
Max Schling Junior, Harry Ce. Sim (Riverton, New Jersey), and Pe Je
Van Melle (Poughkeepsie, New York). These missives elicited some
interesting replies.

From Bobbink & Atkins [per F. Hendrickx, letter of September 2,
1947]: "We are under the impression that the Caryopteris incana,
vare superba, was originally introduced here by the Holland Nur-
series. We have, in the meantime, written to Holland and are anx-
ious to see what information we will get from them regarding this
plant. As soon as we do get a reply we will be glad to communi-
cate with you further.” No further communication was received by
Mee

From Burpee came the report [per Almeda P. Holgate, letter of
September 30, 1947] that "We have checked in all of our old cata-
logues and do not find this listed in any of them. [However,] I
do know that Wayside Gardens, Mentor, Ohio has listed Caryopteris
for some time.”

From Dreer came the response [per Alfred Putz, letter of August
20, 1947]: “Much to our regret we have no record as to the original
source of the seed -- such as we believe were the starting point --
and a careful search through our records did not turn up anything
that may lead us to any conclusion. The writer remembers seeing
it at our Riverton Nursery and in fact he took the two photographs
which are enclosed. We started with a blue variety abd later
added the pink and white which appeared as mutations in the sowing

154 Pw TOL'OG TE? Vol. 53, Now 2

we originally made.

"A search through some records we inherited from the nurseries
when they were closed down, does not discluswy uny source of supply
from other nurseries and that strengthens our belief that we had
our start from seed but where it came from we do not know. In
reference to the photographs showing the branches displayed in the
pots this means was used merely to give us an opportunity to ar-
range them with greater ease than would have been possible if thay
had been shown in a vase.” I was referred to James C. Clark who
was in charge of the nurseries at the time that the plant was in-
troduced. Unfortunately, no reply was elicited from Mr. Clark.

From the Gulf Stream Nursery [per Je Le Legendre, letter dated
September 17, 1947] cama this statements "As far as I can remem-
ber you refer to an offer made in a Dreer Catalogue of the three
Caryopteris, Blue, White and Pink. Seeds of these three colors
had been received from Japan and plants were raised at the nur-
sery at Riverton, Ne Je I do not remember if these three Caryop-
teris were listed as just mastacanthus or as mastacanthus SUPSrDUS.
One thing I feel rather certain that this name was first applied
by Drear and as far as I know the plant offered was identical to
the variety I have always known as mastacanthus outside of the
fact that no plants of the White and Pink forms had ‘ever been of-
fered in this country as far as I know."

From Schling [per Max Schling, Jre, letter dated September 10,
1947] came the assertion that his father "more than likely" se-
cured Caryopteris from Bobbink & Atkins and offered it in "a cata-
leg evidently published at the time of the first world war or
shortly before by J. Horace McFarland Company in Harrisburg, Pae™
In a further letter, dated September 18, 1947, ha states that
"Although I have searched through our catalogs, I find no trace
of Caryopteris Nastacanthus superbus and I have no way of knowing
whether such @ variety actually existed or whether it was listed
by my father in error. The information you have that it may have
come from Holland leads me to believe that perhaps ‘superbus® was
tacked on to the name for advertising reasons only."

From Harry C. Sim [letter of September 22, 1947]: “From memory
I think that Dreer found seed offered in three colors, blue, pink
and white, in a Japanese catalogue (probably Sakata’s) in the late
twenties or early thirties. Whether the word *Superbus® was added
by Dreer after testing it out or for merchandising purposes IJ cane
not now s@yeeeeLike many other Japanese introductions you will
find this variety varies very much from what we know as Caryopteris
Mastacanthus or Incana as offered by growers in the United States.
It is not as shrubby or hardy as the type as we know it, being more
rampant in growth and should be treated more as an annual for bast
garden results. In the few yaars I had occasion to grow this vari-
aty I found that seed sown in early spring indoors produced very
free flowering plants (true to color) in early fall. Taken all in
all it was one of the outstanding flowers."

From Totty*’s [per A. Le Moran, letters dated September 25 & 29,
1947]: “We have been trying to locate where the Caryopteris Masta—

1983 Moldenke, Notes on Caryopteris 155

canthus superbus came from and we have finally decided it was a
variety we brought in from Dreer's of Riverton, Ne Jeoceesethe da-
scription of the Caryopteris mastacanthus superbus appeared in
Totty*s catalogue of 1939."

Citations: CULTIVATED: California: Walther sen. [San Rafael,
Oct. 17, 1922] (CGg--31999). New Jersey: Putz Cel (Neephoto), C.3
(Ne=photo). OOF wa. rina

CARYOPTERIS INCANA vare SZECHUANENSIS Mold., Phytologia 23: 453,
1972.

Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 23: 453. 19723 Anone, Biol.
Abstr. 56 (3) BeAeSelelCe Se59- 19733 Mold., Bio. Abstr. 56: 1243.
19733 Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A.23: 291. 1974; fiold., Phytol. Mem.
2: 277 & 529. 1980; Brenan, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 16: 58, 1981; Mold.,
Phytologia 52: 434 & 490, 1983.

This variety differs from the typical form of the species in
having its branches uniformly foliose, the internodes about 2 cm.
long, the petioles uniformly about 4 mm. long, and the leaf-blades
remarkably uniform, lanceolatea-ovate, 2.5-=3 cme long, le-l.5 cme
wide, regularly incisededentate along practically all the margins,
the incisions antrorse, 2--3 mm. long, obliquely broad-based, api-
cally bluntly subacute, revolute-margined, and the very abundant
and fine veine and veinlet-reticulation conspicuously and beauti-
fully impressed on the upper surface.

The variety is based on Ernest Henry Wilson 2221 from somewhere
in western Szechuan, China, collected in August, 1908, and deposi-
ted in the United States National Herbarium in Washington. Thus
far it is known to me only from the original collection.

Citations: CHINA: Szechuan: E. He Wilson 2221 (Ld-~isotypa,
Wee777404e=type). -T', a ose

CARYOPTERIS MONGHOLICA Bunge, Uchen. Zapisk. Kazan. Unive 43 179
[Pl. Monghole-chin. Dace. l: 27-=28}. 1835.

Synonymy: Caryopteris mongolica Bunge ex Jacques, Anne Fle Pome
[Journ. Jard.], sere 2, Ll: 319. 1843. Cariopteris mongolica Bunge
ex Franche, Nouve Arche Mus. Paris, sere 2, 6% lll. 1883.
Caryopteris mongolica Maxim. ex Diels, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb.
5: 296. 1912.

Bibliography: Bunge, Uchen. Zapiske Kazane Unive 4: 179, 18353
Bunge, Nove Gene Spe Chin. Mongh. [Pl. Monghol.-chin. Dece] 1s 27—=
28. 18353 Bunge, Ann. Scie Nat. Paris, sere 2, Bot. 6: 64, 18363
Endle, Gene Pl. 634. 1838; Meisne, Pl. Vasc. Gane 2:3 [Comm.] 198,
18403 Steude, Nome Bote Phanes ade 2, 1: 302. 18403 De. Dietre, Syne
PL. 3: 606, 1843; Jacques, Ann. Fl. Pom. (Journ. Jard.], sere 2,

l: 319, 18433 Jacae, Anns Fle Pom. [Journ. Jard.}, sere 2, 3: 556--
338, pl. 41. 1845; Walpe, Repert. Bot. Syst. 4: [3]. 1645; Gerard,
Hortice Unive 7: 40, 18463 Schau. in Ae DC., Prodr. ll: 625. 18473
Buek, Gene Spece Syne Candoll. 3: 86. 18583 Bocq. in Baill., Adan-
sonia, sere 1, 23 [Rave Verbenac.| lll & 112, pl. 19, fige l--9.
18623 Bocq. in Baill., Rec. Obs. Bot. 3: 207 & 208. 18633 Carres
Rove Hort. 44: [450] & 451. 18723 Maxime, Bull. Acade Imp. Scie

156 PB e¥oT OLD Gorn Vole 53, Now 2

St.-Petersb. 23: 389. 18773 Maxime, Mel. Biol. Acad. Sci. Ste-
Pétersb. 9: 830. 1877; Maxime, Bull. Soc, Nat. Mosc. 54: 41, 1879;
Franche, Nouv. Arch. Muse Hist. Nat. Paris, sere 2, 6: Lll. 18833
Franches Ple Davide, imp. l, 1: 231. 18843 Nicholson, Illust.
Dict. Garde l: 274. 18843; Maxime, Male Biol. Acad. Sci. St.e-Patersb.
12: 523=-524, 1886; Maxime, Bull. Acad. Imp. Scie Ste-Poters. 31s
872-88. 1886; Forbes & Hemsle, Journ. Linn, Soc. Lond. Bot. 26
[Inds Fle Sine 2]: 264. 18903 Jacks. in Hook, f. & JackSe, Ind.
Keates inpe lL, Ls 447, 18933 Briqe in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzen-
fame, ode 1, 4 (3a): 176 & 178, Fige 66 E--G. 1895; Bretschne,
Hist. Europ. Bot. Discove China 338. 18983 Ce Ke Schneid., Illust.
Handb,. Laubholzk,. 2: 587, 596, & 597, Pig. 386 GQ & Te 1911; Diels,
Notes ROYe Bote Gard. Edinb. 53 296.6 19123 Chung, Meme Scie SOCe
China 1 (Ll): 228. 19243 Rehd., Man. Cult. Trees Shrubs, ad. l, imp.
1, 778, 19273 Le He & Eo Ze Bailey, Hortus, imp. 1, 124. 19303 Kame
merer, Bull. Pop. Inform. Morton Arbor. 53 28 & 50. 19303; Stapf,
Curtis Bot. Mag. 154: pl. 9219. 1930; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 2: 82.
1930; P*ei, Mem. Scie Soc. China 1 (3): [Verbenac. China] 163 &
165=--168, pl. 30. 19323 Schelle, Pareys Blumengaértn., ade ly 283.
1932; Wilder, Frage Path, imp. l, 113 & 385. 19323 Bean, Trees
Shrubs Hardy Brit. Isls. 3, ad. ly 75. 19333 Chittenden, Gard.
Chrone, Sere 3, 94: 226, 19333 Chittenden, Journ. Royse Hort. SOC.
59: 301. 1934; Junell, Symb. Bot. Upsal. 1 (4): 115. 19343 Rehd.,
Man. Cult. Trees Shrubs, ed. l, imp. 2, 778 (1934) and ed. 1, imp.
3, 778. 19353 Le He Bailey, List Florists Handl. Verbenac. [mss.].
19353; Le He & Eo Ze Bailey, Hortus, imp. 2, 124. 19353 Bean, Trees
Shrubs Hardy Brit. Isls. 3, ede 2, 75. 19363 Hillier, Journ. Roy.
Hort. Soc. 66: 107--108, 19363 Makins, Ident. Trees Shrubs, ead. l,
62 & 258, fig. SOF, 19363 Wilder, Frag. Path, imp. 2, L135 & 385.
1936; Molde, Annot. List 108, 1939; Rehde, Man. Cult. Trees, ed.
2, imp. 1, 806 & 933. 1940; L. He & Eo Ze Bailey, Hortus Sec.,
imp. 1, 145. 19413 Doney, Brooklyn Bot. Gard. Rec. 30: 23. 1941;
Mold., Suppl, List Inv. Names 2. 1941; E. H. Walker, Contrib. Ue
Se Nat. Herb. 28: 655. 1941; Wangerin & Krause, Justs Bot. Jahres-
ber. 60 (1): 753. 19413 Kelsey & Dayton, Stand. Pl. Names, ed. 2,
92 & 93. 1942; Mold., Known Geoor. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. l, 56,
71, & 87. 19423 E. Le De Seymour, New Gard. Encycl., ed. 3, 154.
19443 Erdtman, Svensk Bot. Tidsk. 39: 2834-284, 1945; Jacks. in
Hook. f. & JackSe, Inde Kewe, imp. 2 ls 447, 19463 Molde, Alph.
List Inv. Names Suppl, Ll: 4. 1947; Makins, Ident. Trees Shrubs,
ed. 2, 62, 289, & 355, fig. 350 F. 19483 L. H. Bailey, Man. Cult,
Pl., ed. 2, 846 & 1047, 19493 "R. Go", Ne Ye Times August 23 Xs
23. 1949; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 2, L3l,

157, & 178. 19493 Rehd., Bibliog. Cult. Trees 586. 1949; Turrill,
Curtis Bot. Mag. 166: pl. 75. 1949; Bean, Trees Shrubs Hardy Brit.
Isls., ad. 7, 1: 366—-=367. 19503; Rehd., Man. Cult. Trees Shrubs,
ed. 2, imp. 2, 806 & 933. 19513 Blackburn, Trees Shrubs East. Ne
Am. 108, 19523 Grubov, Konsp. Fl. MieNeRe 233. 19553 Bean in Chit-
tenden, Roy. Hort. Soc. Gard. Dict. 1: 405. 1956; Boerner in
Maatsch, Pareys IJllust. Gartenbaulex. ls 205. 19563 Wyman, Shrubs
Vines Am. Gard, 121, 122, & 415. 19563 Chen® & Chzhou, Rast. Pok-
rov. Sulenkhe 89. 1957; Iljin, Acad. Sci. Bot. Imst. Dept. Repr.

1983 Moldenke, Notes on Caryopteris 157

Mat. Histe Fl. Veg. USSR 3: 152, 215, & 216, fig. 44. 19583 Mate
toon, Pl. Buyers Cuide, ed. 6, 88. 1958; Molds, Am. Midl. Nate 59s
335. 19583 Hay, Gard. Chron. 145: 411, 1959; Mold., Resume 168,
214, 249, 250, & 445. 1959; Mold., Resume Suppl. ls 14, 19593; Bon-
sted in Encke, Pareys Blumengart., ed. 2, 2: 449. 1960; Jecks. in
Hook. f. & Jackse, Ind. Kawe, imp. 3, Ll: 447, 19603 Bush-Brown,
Shrubs Trees Home Landsc. 79. 19633 Piringer, Downes, & Borthwick,
Am. Journ. Bot. 50: 86. 1963; E. Be Anderson in Anderson, Balfe,
Fish, Wallis, & Finnis, Oxford Book Wild Fls., imp. 1, 171 (1963)
and imp. 2, 171. 19643 Hoag, Trees Shrubs North. Plains 206. 1965;
Everett, Reader’s Digest Compl. Book Gard. 115. 1966; Hellyer,
Shrubs Colour 24. 19663 DeWit, Pl. World High. Pl. 2: 185, 19675
Glasau, Sommeror. Ziergeh. 67. 19673 Rehde, Man. Cult. Trees
Shrubs, ed. 2, imp. ll, 806 & 933. 1967; E. 8. Anderson in Ander-
son, Balf., Fish, Wallis, & Finnis, Oxford Book Gard. Flse, impe
3, 171. 19683; McGinnies in McGinnies, Goldman, & Paylore, Deserts
World 481, 1968; Mold., Resume Suppl. 17: 7. 1968; Bean, Trees
Shrubs Hardy Brit. Islse, ed. 8 1: 518 & 519, 19703; Franche, Ple
Davide, imp. 2, lL: 231. 19703 Grubov, Ivaninz, & Tscherneva, Fl.
Asiat. Cent. 5: 7. 1970; Mold., Fifth Summ. ls: 287, 356, 422, &
423 (1971) and 2: 86. 19713 Wyman, Gard. Encycle, imp. l, 191
(1971) and imp. 2, 171. 19723 E. 8. Anderson in Anderson, Balf.,
Fish, Wallis, & Finnis, Oxford Book Gard. Flse, imps 4, 171. 19723
Encke & Buchheim in Zander, Handworterb. Pflanz.e, ed. 10, 158.
19723; F. Perry, Fls. World 304 & 313. 1972; Skinner, Ornament. Pl.
Coast. Northw. 75. 19723; Heqnauer, Chemotex. Pfl. 6 [Chem. 21]:
666. 19733 Leigh & Boden, Convent. Internat. Trade Endange Spe
14 & 69, 19733 Le He & Eo Ze Bailey, Hortus Sec., imp. 18, 145,
19743 Gibbs, Chemotax. Flow, Pl. 3: 1753 & 1754, 19745 Rehde, Mane
Cult. Trees Shrubs, ed. 2, imp. 12, 806 & 933. 1974; Wilder, Frag.
Gard. 113 & 38. 19743 Mold., Phytologia 3l: 391 (1975) and 36: 39.
1977: Prance & Elias, Extinct. Forever, imp. l, 416 (1977) and
impe 2, 416. 19783 Layzell & Horton, Canad. Journ. Bot. 563 1844.
1851, 1978; Layzell & Horton, Biol. Abstr. 67: L151. 19793 Mold.,
Phytol, Mam. 2: 277, 346, 379, & 529, 1980; Mold., Phytologia 52:
426-2430, 432, 434, 435, 455, 458--460, 468, 470, & 481, 1983.

Illustrations: Jacqe, Anne Fl. Pom. [Journ. Jarde], sere 2, 3s
336/337, pl. 41 (in color). 18453 Gerard, Hortic. Univ. 7: 40.
1846; Bocq. in Baill., Adansonia, ser. 1, 2: [Rave Verbenac.] pl.
19, Fide | eae 18623 Carles Reve Hort. 443 [450] (in color). 18723
Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ade 1, 4 (3a): 176,
Fige 66 E=--G. 18953 Ce. Ke Schneid.e, Illust. Handb. Laubholzk, 2:
587 & 596. 19113 Kammerer, Bull. Pop. Inform. Morton Arb. 5: 50.
19303; Stapf, Curtis Bot. Mag. 154: pl. 9219. 19303 Pei, Mem. Scie
Soc. China 1 (3): [Verbenac. China] pl. 30. 1932; ffakins, Ident.
Treas Shrubs, ad. 1, 62, fig. 50 F (1936) and ad. 2, 62, fig. 50
F. 1948; Turrill, Curtis Bot. Mag. 166: pl. 75. 1949; Iljin, Acad.
Scie Bot. Inst. Dept. Repr. Mat. Hist. Fl. Veg. USSR 3s 215, fig.
44, 1958,

A semi-hardy, small, ornamental bush, subshrub, or bushy shrub,
slightly to very aromatic, thriving best in regions of alternating
severe climates, prostrate or suberact to erect, 0.3--1 m, tall,

158 Pos ¥ 7 ohrk. 0 Go Toh Vol. 53, Now 2

basally woodys branches long and slender, the young shoots erect,
gray-downy throughout with minute, closely appressed, fine, more
or less curly, white hair, the floriferous portions usually to a-
bout 35 cm. long; leaves decussate-opposite, short-petiolate, re-
duced in size upwards; petioles slender, to 1 cm. long; leaf.
blades linear to linear-lancaoclate, rarely lanceolate, basically
green or yellow-green to grayish-green (especially so above), 1.5--
4.5 cm. long, 3--10 mm. wide, apically acute, marginally normally
entire or subentire, basally acutely attenuate into the petiole,
usually dark and dull grayish-green above, almost white beneath,
often silvery- or gray-downy on both surfaces (but especially so
beneath) with close very minute puberulence; inflorescence usual-
ly solitary in the uppermost leaf-axils, slender-stalkad; pedun-
cles very slender, about 1 cm. long; cymes in up to 5 somewhat
distant pairs, 3--4 cm. long, 3--9- [mostly up to 6-] flowered,
the flowers 1.2--1.5 cme long, "shiny", fragrant; pedicels 3--7
mms longs; calyx campanulate, often pale-blue, 5-lobed or S-cleft
to the middle, the teeth or lobes lanceolate to linear-lanceolate
or awl-shaped, subequal; corolla bilabiate, about 1.5 cm. long,
mostly blue, sometimes lavender-blue or violet, the tube cylin-
dric, 6==_7 mm. long, the throat closed within by villous or puber-
ulent hairs, the wpper lip 4-lobed with small, ovate, about 5 mm,
long, apically acute, wavy, or obscurely toothed lobes, the lower
lip lelobed, much larger than the others, 1 cm. long, spoon-
shaped, cblique, basally clawed, and marginally deeply and ele.
gantly fimbriate-fringed, the fringes often pale or white; stamens
didynamous, unequally paired, long-exserted about 6 mm. beyond

the corolla during anthesis; filaments straight, blue or pale-
blue, about 1 cm. long; anthers very small, nigrescent, the two
thecae parallel; pollen blue; style and stigma long-exserted,
equaling the stamens; ovary obscurely 4-lobed or 4-angled;
Fruiting-calyx 8--9 mm. long, inflated, the lobes more or less
ampliate and often triangular; capsule much compressed, suborbicu-
lar, anout 7 mm. long and wide, externally smooth; nutlets flat,
narrowly winged,

This species, the type species of the genus, is based on an une
numbered collection made by Alexander Andre jewitsch von Bunge
somewhere in Chinese Mongolia, probably deposited in the Lenin-
grad herbarium. The species appears to be native only in Mongolia
and northern China, but occurs also in rather limited cultivation.
Its scarcity in cultivation is chiefly because of its requirement
of extremely cold winters and extremely hot summerse In its na-
tive haunts collectors have encountered it on mountainsides,
sandy slopes, and exposed, dry, clay cliffs, as well as in the
“boulder wash of open canyons", Russian writers include it among
so-called dasert dwellers. It has been collected at 1800-.2600 m,
altitudes, flowering from June te September (mostly in August and
September) -- in New Zealand gardens also in March -= and in fruit
in August and September.

Encke (1960) asserts that the plant never grows over 1 am. tell
and that it is not as handsome in cultivation as the more commonly
grown C. incena (Thunb.) Miq. and its varieties and hybrids. Hoag

1983 Moldenke, Notes on Caryopteris 159

(1965) says that it is "less shapely and with duller flowers than
the hybrid", C. Xclandonensis Simmonds, between it and C. incana.
Ching found it to be "quite common on exposed, dry, clay y cliffs"
in Kansu, China. In Shansi it is said to be employed medicinally
by the native inhabitents,.

The only recorded vernacular and common names for C. mongholica
are "caryopteride de la Mongolia", "Mongolia bluebeard", and “wash
bash”. It was apparently first introduced into cultivation, ac-
cording to Bean (1956), in France in 1844, where it soon died out,
to be reintroduced, according to Encke (1960), in 1866.

Most authors describe the corollas as "blue" and they are so
described also on Ching 1086, Ngan 82, and Roerich Exped. 453,
while on Trippner 203 they are said to have been "sky-blue", | on

Sykes 198/64 "mauve-blue", on Kucyniak 1536-40 "blue or purple”,
and on Roerich Exped. 404, 491, & 612 "lilac".

Bean (1970) tells us is that ” "It flowered in France as long ago as
1844 and has been re-introduced on several occasions since then.
This handsome species does not appear to be long-lived in this
country [England]. In its native habitat it experiences very cold
winters but these are followed by summers much hotter than ours
and, like many species from such regions, it does not take kindly
to our softer, more equable climate. This, at any rate, would
seem to be the reason why it has proved a failure in gardens where
many genuinely tender plants thrive. It grew wall for a time at
Rowallane in Cow Downeeeeebut the plant died and the Hon. Mrs.
O*Neil tells us that it must be many years since the species has
been cultivated there. It has been grown successfully in the
Cambridge Botanic Garden, however, and it is, perhaps, in that
part of England and in Es. Anglia, that it is likely to succeed
best. This is true of many plants from more arid and more extreme
climates than ours."

Kammerer (1930) reports that "Though the upper surfaces of the
leaves are dusty green they have a sufficient silvery cast under-
neath to justify their inclusion in the gray foliage group [of
cultivated shrubs}. The conspicuous violet or lavender blue
flowers, borne in dense axillary cymes at a time when blossom is
rather scarce in the garden, are really the most noteworthy feat-
ure of this Caryopteris. Being native of a somewhat less severe
climate, its branches usually kill back to the ground each winter
with us [in Illinois, U.SeA.].- It can be depended upon to send
up new flowering shoots the following spring, however. for best
results plant it in a well drained soil where it has full exposure
to the sun."

Stapf (1930) notes that the species is "effinis C. Mastacantho,
Schauer, sed foliis integris, inflorescentia lexa, Filamantis lon-
gis, fructo maiore compresso plane distinctas C. Forrestii, Diels,
quae etiam foliis integris gaudet, habitu magis fruticoso, foliis
lineari-oblongis obtusis, cymis contractis, floribus minoribus,
filamentis multo brevioribus differt.”

P*ai (1932) cites Ngan 12 from Shansi and Chaney 325 & 625 and
David 2858 from Mongolia.

160 Pao Tek Gad s Vol. 53, No. 2

Junell (1934) discusses the gynoecium morphology of this spe-
cies on the basis of IkonnikoveGalitzky 366 in the Stockholm her-
barium. Erdtman (1945) describes its pollen morphology on the
basis of a Tatarinov collection in the same herbarium. Ha finds
the pollen grains to be tricolpate, subprolate, and apparently
externally smooth. Bocquillon (1862) illustrates the florel ana-
tomy on the basis of a Bunge (perhaps the type) collection in the
Paris herbarium and specimens in that same herbarium from plants
cultivated in the Paris and Orleans botanic gardens.

Walpers (1845) refers to the “paniculis axillaribus oppositis
vel alternis et terminalibus" and gives the distribution of tha
species as “in rupibus epricis montium Mongholicae fere totius,
exceptis ragionibus maxime borealibus et maxime australibus".
Dietrich (1843) also refers to alternate or opposite, axillary
and terminal “panicles".

Walker (1941) cites Shan 1086, describing the plant as 30 cm,
tall, the flowers fragrant, and the corollas "shining blue", aver-
ring that the species is fairly common on exposed, dry, clay cliffs.

Gibbs (1974) found syringin absent from the plant’s stems and
the HCl/methanol test negative.

Grubov (1955) cites the Maximowicz (1877) reference to C. mon-
holica as "1876" and lists the species as though from Russian
Outer) Mongolia, but seems to cite only collections made in Inner

(Chinese) Mongolia and apparently only regards it as possible also
Occurring in the USSR.

Forbes & Hemsley (1890) cite only Bunge sen. from "North China”
-- the type collection -- and Przewalsky sen. from Kansu, com-
menting that the species is “common in southeastern Mongolia”.
Franchet (1884) cites David 2858 from Mongolia and says that the
plant is an “Arbuste trés aromatique et qui abonde sur les coteaux
pierreux de tout l*Qulachan". Maximowicz (1886) cites unnumbered
collections of Bunge, David, Kirilow, Przewalsky, and Tatarinov
Prom Inner Mongolia.

A very interesting letter from Robert A. Defilipps of the En-
dangeared Species Project of the Department of Botany at the United
Syates National Museum of Natural History, Washington, dated June
10, 1977, states that “The Smithsonian Institution is cooperating
with the U. Se Fish and Wildlife Service in trying to assess the
status of plants included in the appendices to the Convention on
International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
(1973). We would be most grateful if you could provide us with
any information on Caryopteris mongholica that would help us to
understand its abundance in nature, the effect that international
trade might have on its survival as a species, and the desirabil-
ity of regulating its trade. Our present knowledge is unfortunate-
ly limited to the brief mention of it in your Fifth Summary of
the Verbenaceae. Specifically we would Like to have any informa-
tion on the followings How abundant is Caryopteris mongholica?

Is it either endangered or threatened? How extensively is it
collected from the wild? What is it used for? To what extent
is it in international trade? To what extent is it used locally?

1983 Moldenke, Notes on Caryopteris 161

Is it cultivated for commercial use? What percentage of the
plants in trade, if any, are from the wild vs. from cultivated
material? In your opinion, should trade in C. mongholica require
international protection in the form of import and export per.
mits?" My response, in part, was that "In general, I would almost
always favor the prohibition of live material of taxa like this
in commerce, except under special dispensation to botanical ger-
dens where attempts would be made to preserve the species (NOT
with any hybridization or other manipulation of its natural char-
acters) and propagate it. I would so recommend the present spe-
cies."

According to Bailey (1935) the species was at that time offer-
ed in the horticultural trade by Sanford, D. He Snowberger (Fay-
atta, Idaho), LeMac, We A. Toole (Baraboo, Wisconsin), Preece &
Nicholls (Victoria, British Columbia), Floraire, Kaye, and Knap
Hill nurseries.

Wangerin & Krause (1941) mistakenly cite the Stapf (1930) ref-
erence in Curtis Botanical Magazine as "1931", Similarly, the
Walker (1941) reference is sometimes mis-dated as "1942" in bibli-
ographies. P*ei (1932) cites the Franchet (1883) reference as
"6 (2)s LLL. 1884" and the Stapf [as "Stapt"] 1930 reference as
Se, 2916... 1828".

It is also worth noting here that Caryopteris glossocarya Bocq.
is sometimes included in the synonymy of C. mongholica, but it
seems, rather, to belong to that of Glossocarya mollis Wall.

Material of Caryopteris mongholica has been misidentified and
distributed in soma herbaria as Dracocephalum foetidum Bunge and
as Lithospermum sp. On the other hand, the Brumbach 7273, dis-
tributed as typical C. mongholica, actually represents its var.
serrata Maxim. ty

Citations: CHINAt Inner Mongolia: Chaney 325 (Ca--295317, Ny,
W--1425021), 625 (Ca--295602); Collector undetermined 380 (N)$
David 2858 (w-~293048, We-2497331)3 J. Eriksson 75 (w--1655072),
520 (We-1655313); Herb. Acad. Petrop. 117 (Mu\-1122)3 Hsia 2953
(N)s Roerich Exped. 404 (W--1658234), 453 (W--1658263), 491 (W--
1658280), 612 (W--1658343)3 Ikonnikov-Galitzky 180 ( Ca--475079),
366 (Ca--475078, S)3 Krascheninnikov 81 ( Cae--598133); Potanin se
ne [Ordos, 1884] (8r, Feephoto, Lde-photo, Ne-photo, Si--photo),
Sen. [Changai, 1886] (Br, S)$ Przewalsky sen. [Mont. funiula,
1871] (Mu--1714); Tatarinow sen. [Mongolia chinensis] (S)3 Zama
& Kinov sen. [Lebedev 136a} (N). Kansus Ching 1066 (wW--1246074)
Trippner 203 (Mu). Shansis Ngan 12 (Ca--270486), 82 (Ca--270427).

CULTIVATED: Belgium: Lejeune sen. [1850] (Ba)s Martens Sene [he
b. lov. 1845] (Br, Br). Englands: Moldenke & Moldenke 9266 (N).
Germanys Herb. Kummer sen. (hort. Monac. VI11e1856] (Mu--1286)3
Herb. Zuccarini Sene (Mu--1120); Schwaegrichen sene (hort. Lip-
siensis] (Mu--1287). New Zealand: Sykes 198/64 (Nz--149643).
Quebecs Kucyniak 1536-40 [August 10, 1942] (Bz, Mg), 1536-40
[August 12, 1942] (Ba, Mg). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Carre, REV.
Hort. 44: [450]. 1872 (Ld); Ptai, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1 (3):

162 P44 0YoT 8 L:0 Bates Vol. 53, Noe 2
pl. 3s 19352 (Ld)~s

CARYOPTERIS MONGHOLICA vare SERRATA Maxim.e, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci.
St.-Patersb. 31: 88. 1886.

Bibliography: Maxime, Bull. Acad. Imp. Scie St.-Petersb. 31:
88, 18863 Maxime, Mel. Biol. Acad. Scie St.-Patersb. 12: 524,
1886; Bean, Trees Shrubs Hardy Brit. Islse, ade 7, 1: 367 (1950)
and ed. 8 ls 519. 1970; Molde, Phytologia 3l: 391. 19753; Mold.,
Phytol. Mem. 2: 346 & 529. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 52: 434, 1985.

This variety differs from the typical form of the species in
its spersely and irreqularly dentate leaf-blades.

The variety is based on an unnumbered Przewalsky collection
from "Chinaae prov. Kansu ad Hoangho supere, alt. 7 mill. pad.
supra mare, jugo Nan-shan inter Mongoliam et Tsaidam finitimo",

As pointed out by Bean (1970), both this’ variety and the typi-
cal C. mongholica Maxim. “are readily distinguished by the narrow-
ness of the leaves".

The collection cited below, distributed as typical C. monghol-
ica, axhibits some antire and some serrate leaves and I am assum-
ing that it represents the present variety. It was grown ina
border planting, is described as having been a shrub 1.5 m, tall,
and is said to have had "violet-blue" corollas.

Citations: CULTIVATED: Pennsylvanias Brumbach 7273 (Ba).

CARYOPTERIS NEPALENSIS Mold., Phytologia 7: 77.-78, 1959.

Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 7: 77--78. 19593; Molde, Resume
Suppl. ls Ll. 19593 Mold., Biol. Abstr. 35% 1688. 19603 Hocking,
Excerpt. Bot. A.4: 592. 19623 CG. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 13: 25.
19663 Mold., Fifth Summ. ls 269 (1971) and 2s 856. 19713 Anone,
Biol. Abstr. 56 (10): BoAeSeleCe Se42e 19733 Molde, Biol, Abstr.
56: 5366. 19733; Mold., Phytologia 26: 177. 19733; Hocking, Excerpt.
Bot. A.23: 293. 19743 Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 257, 346, & 529.
1980; Brenan, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 16: 58, 19813 Mold., Phytologia
52: 434, 1983.

A loosely growing shrub, 2--4 m, tall; branches and branchlets
apparently wide-spreading, slender, acutely tetragonal, sparsely
and minutely puberulent; nodes annulate; principal internodes 4--
10 cm. long; leaves decussate-opposite; petioles short, 3--14 mm.
long, rather densely short-pubescent or puberulent; leaf-blades
rather uniformly green on both surfaces or somewhat lighter be-
neath, beautifully ovate, 4--15 cm. long, 2.8--10.5 cm. wide, api-
cally rather long-acuminate, marginally uniformly serrate except
on the acumination and base, besally varying from rounded to trun-
cate or subcordate, very sparsely and minutely puberulent on both
surfaces, slightly scabridous and sometimes rugose above, those
in the terminal inflorescence smallest; midrib slender, flat a-
bove, prominulent beneath; secondaries 4--6 per side, beautifully
arcuate-ascending, flat above, prominulent beneath, not plainly
anastomosing; tertiaries numerous, subparallel, uniting the
secondaries with the midrib and issuing at approximately right
angles to them, rather obscure above, subprominulous beneath; ine
florescence massive, terminal and thyrsoid, also loosely cymose

1983 Moldeanke, Notes on Caryopteris 163

in the uppermost leaf-axils, the axillary cymes long-pedunculate,
divaricate, very loosely wide-spreading, rather many-flowered, to
12 cm. long and 9 cm. wide, simple or compound and foliose, the
cyme-branches very slender, acutely tetragonal, densaly incanous-
puberulent; peduncles slender, acutely tetragonal, 4--8 cm. long;
terminal thyrse massive, often to 50 cm. long and 25 cm. wide,
very loosely many-flowered, often foliose, the rachis, sympodia,
and cyme-branches sharply tetragonal, more or less densely white-
puberulent; bractlets numerous, broadly linear or very narrowly
elliptic, 2--7 mm. long, to 1 mm. wide, densely puberulent, » pair
at every node of the inflorescence to the ultimate flowers, con-
spicuous on the cyme-branches; padicels slender, 1--3 mm. Long,
densely white-puberulent; calyx campanulate, about 3 mm. long and
wide, densely white-puberulent, the rim 5-toothed or 5-lobed, the
teeth spreading, ovata, 1--1.5 mm. long, apically acute; corolla
Zygomorphic, pink, its tube slender, about 10 mm. long, external-
ly white-puberulent, the limb about 15 mm. wide, white-puberulent
beneath; stamens long-exserted, the filaments and anthers pink;
fruiting-calyx herbaceous, campanulate, rather closely appressed
to the fruit, to 5 mm. long and wide, externally rather densely
whitish-puberulent with antrorsely appressed hairs, the rim very
Plainly 3-lobed with broadly ovate and apically subacuminate
lobes or teeth; fruit capsular, subglobose, 4--5 mm. long and
wide, externally minutely puberulent, conspicuously venose,.

This species is based on Polunin, Sykes, & Williams 537 from
among scrub thickets at the edoe of cultivation at Ja jakot, Pokhra,
Nepal, at an altitude of 3500 feat, collected on August 21, 1952,
and deposited in the herbarium of the British Museum (Natural Hise
tory) in London. It is obviously related to C. chosenensis Mold.
of China, Korea, and Japan, and will have to go with it into the
segregated genus if and when such a genus is established. Certain-
ly these two species do not seem to belong naturally in the genus
Caryopterise

Collectors have encountered Ce nepalensis on hillsides, among
other shrubs on steep banks, and in scrub thickets, at 3000-.5500
feet altitude, in anthesis in August and October. Ths corollas
are said to have been "pink" on Stainton, Sykes, & Williams 7593
& 8924 and “the limb RHS Rhodamine Purple 29/2, the remainder 29/3"
on their 8924. The Peterson collection, cited below, was taken
From material grown in Pennsylvania from seed collected in Nepal
by Creech & DeVos in 1963,

Material of C. nepalansis has been misidentified and distribu.
ted in some herbaria as Clerodendrum sp.

Citations: NEPAL: Polunin, Sykes, & Williams 527 (Bm-—type,
Ld--photo of type, N--isotype), 5723 (Bm) Stainton, Sykes, & Wil-
liams 4149 (Bm, N), 5762 (Bm, N), 7593 (Bm, Ld, N),» 8924 (Bm, N)e
CULTIVATED: Pennsylvanias J. We Paterson 11 (Ba).

CARYOPTERIS NEPALENSIS vare PARVIFOLIA Mold., Phytologia 26: 177.
1973.
Bibliography: Anon., Biol. Abstr. 56 (10): BuAcSelele S042.

164 Pw VT OLD SA Vol. 53, Now 2

19733 Mold., Biol. Abstr. 56: 5366. 1973; Mold., Phytologia 26:
177. 19733 Hocking, Excerpte Bot. Ae23: 293, 1974; Molds, Phytol.
Mam. 2: 257, 346, & 529, 1980; Brenan, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 16: 58,
1981; Molde, Phytologia 52: 434, 1983,

This variety differs from the typical form of the species in
having its mature leaves only 4--7 cm. long and 3.2--4.5 cm. wida.
The variety is based on Gillis 11406 from cultivated material
at the United States Department of Agriculture Plant Introduction
Station at Miami, Florida, collected on July 14, 1972, and deposi-

ted in the Lundell Herbarium at the University of Texas, Austin.
The type plant was grown from seed collected along a path in Raku,
Nepal, at an altitude of 5000 feet, in 1963 (Pl. Introd. 28370,
Mm20161). Thus far the variety is known (to me) only from the
original collection.

Citations: CULTIVATFDs Florida: Gillis 11406 (Ld--type).

CARYOPTERIS NEPETAEFOLIA (Benth.) Meaxim., Bull. Acad. Imp. Scie
St.-Pétersb. 23: 390, 1877.

Synonymy: ?Teucrium nepetaefolium Benth. in Aw DCe, Prodr, 123
580. 1848, Caryopteris nepetasfolia Benth. ax Maxime, Bull. Acad.
Imp. SCie Ste-Patersb. 23: 390, in syn. 1877. Cariopteris
nepetaefolia Maxim. ex Franche, Nouve Arch. Muse. Paris, sare 2;
6: lll, 1883, Caryopteris nepetaefolia Maxim. apud Jacks. in
Hook. f. & JackSe, Inds Kewe, imp. 1, 1s 447, 1895, Caryopteris
nepetifolia Maxim. ex Matsume, Icon. Pl. Kaisikav. iz pl, 5G.
1912. Caryopteris nepatifolia Maxim. ex Molde, Phytol, Mem. 23
379, in syne 1980,

Bibliography: Benth. in A. DCe,y Prodr. 12: 580. 18483 Hemsl.,
Journ, Bot. 14 [ser. 2, 5]: 208. 1876; Maxime, Bull. Acade Imp.
Scie StewPatersb. 23: 390. 1877; fMaxime, Mel. Biol. Acad. Scie
St e-Patersb. 9: 830. 18773 S. Moora, Journ. Bot. 16 [ser. 2, 7]:
138, 18783 Maxime, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 54: 40, 18793 Franche,
Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, ser. 2, 62 lll. 18833 Franche,
Pl, Davide, inpe 1, 1: 231. 18843 Maxim., Bull. Acad. Imp. Scie
St.-Patersb. 31: 76 & 88. 18863 Maxime, Mal. Biol. Acad. Scie
St e-Petersb. 12: 524. 18863 Forbes & Hemsl.e, Journ. Linne Soce
Lond, Bot. 26 [Inds Fle Sine 2]: 264. 18903 Jacks. in Hook, fe. &
Jackse, Inde Kawe, imp. l, 1s 477. 18933 Briq. in Engl. & Prantl,
Nate Pflanzenfam., ed. 1, 4 (3a): 178. 18953 Matsum., Icon. Pl.
Koisikav. l: pl. 50. 19123 Stapf, Ind. Lond. 2: 82. 19303 Pei,
Mem. Scie Soc. Chime 1 (3): [Verbenac. China] 163, 164, & 173.-
174, 1932; Hand.-Mazze, Act. Hort. Gotob. 9: 68-_69, 19343 Molde,
Suppl. List Inve Names 2. 19413 Mold., Alphe List Inve. Names 12,
1942; Molde, Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenace, ede ly 56 & 87.
1942; Erdtman, Svensk Bot. Tidsk. 39: 282--284, fige 5. 1945;
Jacks. in Hook, f. & JacksSe, Inde K@Wey imp. Lie ls 447, 1946;
Molde, Known Geoor. Distrib. Varbenace, ad. 2, 13l & 178. 19493
Iljin, Acad. Sci. Bot. Inst. Dept. Rapre Mat. Hist. Fle Vege
USSR 3: 216. 19583 Mold., Resume 168, 249, 250, 354, 418, & 445.
1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & JackSey Inde Kawe, imp. 3, 1s 447.
1960; Mold., Fifth Summ, Ll: 287, 422, & 423 (1971) and 2: 641,
773, & 8&6. 1971. [to be continued]

THE ALGAE OF NEW JERSEY (U.S.A.)
V. CYANOPHYTA (BLUE-GREEN ALGAE)

MaryAnn Foote
Ecology Program, Rutgers University
New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903

This is the fifth paper in a series exami,ng the distribution
of algae in the State of New Jersey (U.S.A.).° The genera are
again arranged alphabetically. If no citation is given, the
species was noted by the author.

The taxonomy and classification of the blue-green algae is
in termoil. Dr. Francis Drouet has intensely studied this algal
group and he believes that some characteristics traditionally
used to classify blue-green algae, such as sheath, protoplasmic
granules, placement of spores, the presence of a gelatinous
matrix, etc., are environmentally variable. Drouet, therefore,
bases his classification upon cells or trichomes only.

Of course, not all phycologists acree with Drouet. In the
following list, the algae are presented as named by the original
investigator(s) and Drouet's suggestions for the taxa are noted
in brackets.

This document was prepared on the Apple III, Rutgers
University, Zoology Department.

CYANOPHYTA BLUE-GREEN ALGAE

Anabaena circinalis (Kutz) Rab
Hackensack River; (Nostoc commune)

Anabaena eee Wolle

on trunks of trees growing in marshes near the water's edge
(1,8,9);(Calothrix parietina)

Anabaena flos-aquae (Lyngb) Breb

common on stagnant freshwater (1);(Microcoleus vaginatus)
Anabaena flos-aquae var. aestuartii Wolle

very abundant on pond at Dennisville (1);common on stagnant
freshwater (8);Pine Barrens (6);(Anabaina oscillarioides)
Anabaena flos-aquae var. circinalis (Rab) Kirch

very abundant on pond at Dennisville (1);(Nostoc commune)
Anabaena oscillarioides Bory

in brackish ditches, southern parts of the state (1);brackish
ditches (8,9)

Anabaena spiroides var. crassa Lenm

D/R Canal, Oct (7);(Nostoc commune)

Anabaena torulosa (Carm) Lag

Marine, on decaying algae at Camden, Atlantic City and Newark Bay
(1);with other algae forming a brownish jelly in a pool east of
Camden, also Newark Bay, Atlantic City (8); (Anabaina
oscillarioides)

Anabaena variabilis Kutz

D/R Canal, Jul-Aug (7);freshwater, Somerset, pools, Bound Brook
(8);(Anabaina oscillarioides)

165

166 Pal’ ¥' T. OvisG: GOTAA Vol. 53, Now 2

Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (L) Ralfs
OR Canal, Sept-Nov Preaek aback River;Oradell Reservoir,

abundant Jun-Aug (2);(Microcoleus vaginatus)

Aphanocapsa delicatissima W & G West
Hackensack River
Aphanocapsa virescens (Hass) Rab
On wet stones and rocks (1)
Aphanotheca prasina A Br
reshwater, occasional, floating on ponds (1,8)
Aphanotheca saxicola Nag
Hackensack River
Brachytrichia quoyi (C Ag) Born & Flah
marine, Atlantic City (1,8)
Calothrix brebissonii Kutz
freshwater, on stones in ponds, frequent (1,9)
Calothrix confervicola (Roth) Ag
marine, on rockweed in Atlantic City, Hoboken, Communipaw and New
York Bay (1,8);0n various algae, Atlantic City (4); (Calothrix
crustacea)
Calothrix crustacea Schousbae & Thuret
marine, on rockweed (1,4,8)
Calothrix dillwynii Hass
frequent in freshwater swamps (1);swamps, etc. (9)
Calothrix fusca Born & Flah
state, Oct 1892 (8);0radell Reservoir, common in plankton,
Jul-Aug (2)

Calothrix —— Kutz
freshwater, rocky shores of Lake Hopatcong (1,9)
Calothrix lacucola Wolle

freshwater, Split Rock Pond (1,8,9)

Calothrix meneghiniana Kirch

freshwater, frequent on submerged wood, etc, (1)
Calothrix parietina (Nag) Thur

on submerged stones in shallow water (8)

Calothrix pulvinata (Mert) Ag

wharves, Atlantic City (1,4,8);(Calothrix crustacea)
Calothrix radiosa (Kutz) Kirch

freshwater, Morris Pond (1)

Calothrix scopulorum (Web & Mohr) Ag
wharves, iceoReT Atlantic City, Beeseley's Point (1;8);on
woodwork, Atlantic City (4);(Calothrix crustacea)

Chaemosiphon incrustans Grun

on centric diatoms in the Hackensack River; (Entophysalis)
Chroococcus limneticus Lemm

D/R Canal, Jul-Feb (7);Hackensack River

Chroococcus limneticus var. subsalsus Lemm

Hackensack River

Chroococcus multicoloratus Wood

Hackensack River

Chroococcus rufescens (Breb) Naeg

terrestrial, frequent on moist rocks (1)

Chroococcus turgidus (Kutz) Lemn.

terrestrial, frequent on moist rocks (1;8);Pine Barrens (5);New
Brunswick (3);Hackensack River (Anacystis dimidiata)

1983 Foote, Algae of New Jersey 167

Clathrocystis roseo-persicina Cohn
on marshes, mud and small pebbles, Atlantic City (1);abundant,
marshes, Atlantic City (4)
Coelosphaerium keutzingianum Nag
requent on stagnant pools (1,8);0/R Canal (7);Hackensack River

Coelosphaerium naegelianum Unger

D/R Canal, Aug-Oct ;Hackensack River

Cylindrospermum limnicola Kutz

wet places on dead wood, etc (1);(Anabaina licheniformis)
Cylindrospermum macrospermum Kutz

frequent in wet places on dead wood, etc (1); (Anabaina
oscillarioides)

Cylindrospermum minutum Wood
forming ath Other algae a ferrugenous brown, gelatinous mass,
growing in a deep, shaded, very stagnant pool, and Spring Garden

in wet places on dead wood (8)

Cylindrospermum stagnale (Kutz) Born & Flah

Frequent c wet places on dead wood (8);(Nostoc commune)
Desmonema wrangelii (Ag) Born & Flah

Swamps, Morris Pond (8)

Dichothrix meneghiniana (Kutz) DeToni

frequent on Submerged wood in freshwater (8)

Entophysalis granulosa Kutz

Marine, on shells at Atlantic City (1);0n old shells at Atlantic
City, forming a crumbly incrustation at the highwater mark and
seeming to prefer lagoons or high-tide pools where the water is
quite salt and where the level doesn't vary much
(8);(Entophysalis deusta)

Eucapsis alpina Clem & Shantz
Pine Barrens )

Gloeocapsa alpicola (Lyng) Born
Hackensack River

Gloeocapsa crepidinum Thur
Marine, on wharves at Atlantic City (1,4,8);(Entophysalis deusta)

Gloeocapsa magma (Breb) Kutz
terrestrial, frequent on shaded rocks (1,8)

Gloeocapsa rupestris Kutz
state 8}
Gloeothece confluens Naeg

terrestrial, on wet rocks (1,8)

Gloeotrichia natans (Hedw) Thur

freshwater, frequent in small ponds and pools (1)
Gloeotrichia pisum (Ag) Thur

freshwater, parasitic on other aquatic plants (1)

Gomphosphaeria aponina Kutz

freshwater, in pools and ponds (1,8);Hackensack River
Gomphosphaeria lacustris Chod

Hackensack River

Gomphosphaeria wichurae (Hilse) Drouet & Daily
Hackencack River

Hapalosiphon braunii Kutz

in ponds, on submerged plants, Atsion and Hammonton (1)
Hapalosiphon brebissonii Kutz

in ponds, on submerged plants (1);Dennisville (9);Pine Barrens

168 Pre ¥°T Orl OoGy tear Vol. 53, Now 2

Hapalosiphon fontinalis (Ag) Born

On submerged plants in ponds at Dennisville, Atsion, Hammonton
(8)

H. fontinalis var. tenuisimus (Grun) Coll & Setch

state

Hapalosiphon fuscescens Kutz

frequent in ponds (1,9)

Hapalosiphon tenuissimus Grun

ponds a wet ground (1,9);Pine Barrens (6)

Hydrocoleum lyngbyaceum Kutz

On moist Tow grounds near Atlantic City (8);(Microcoleus
lyngbyaceus )

Hypheothrix coriacea forma meneghinii Kutz
amp earth (8)

Hypheothrix pallida Kutz
forming reddish-brown stratum on dry ground, wet soil, old meadow
grounds (8)

Isactis caespitosa (Kutz) Wolle

freshwater, frequent on submerged stones in shallow water
(1);state (9)

Isactis fluviatilis (Rab) Kirch

freshwater, rocky margins of Green Pond (1)

Isactis plana (Harv) Thur

Stones and old oyster shells, Atlantic City (1,8,4)

Leptothrix aeruginea (Kutz) Kirch

freshwater, frequent in ponds (1)

Leptothrix ochracea Kutz

freshwater, in ditches and small pools, frequent (1)
Leptothrix rigidula Kutz

marine, on algae, Atlantic City (1)

Lyngbya aerugine-caerula (Kutz) Gom

common, Jun-Jul, Nov (2

Lyngbya aestuarii (Mertens) Liebm

marine, brackish ditches at Hoboken, common in salt ponds and
marshes about Newark Bay, Perth Amboy, Absecon (1);in pools of
moist earth subject to inudation from flowing tides, in ponds and
pools in salt water marshes, Perth Amboy, Absecon, brackish
ditches at Hoboken, common on marshes on floating eel grass,
Atlantic City, in salt marshes about Newark Bay, in salt ditches,
Cape May (8);common on marshes, Atlantic City (4);Pine Barrens
(6);(Microcoleus lyngbyaceus )

Lyngbya aestuarii forma aeruginosa (Ag) Wolle

on ground or in brackish ditches (8)

Lyngbya aestuarii forma minus Liebm

Absecon, Perth Amboy (9)

Lyngbya arenarium (Kutz) Rab

on raw moist grounds near Atlantic City (1,9)

Lyngbya bergei G M Smith

D/R Canal, Jul-Dec (7)

Lyngbya cataracta (Rab) Wolle

in rapid waters, frequent (1)

Lyngbya lutea (Ag) Gom

on wharves, Atlantic City (8);(Oscillatoria lutea)

1983 Foote, Algae of New Jersey 169

Lyngbya luteo-fusca Ag

oboken,wharves between tide marks,Atlantic City (1)
Lyngbya majuscula (Dillw) Harv
marine, Newark Bay, on stems of floating eel grass in Atlantic
City, Cape May, New York area (1);Newark Bay, Hudson River and on
eel grass at Atlantic City (8);not uncommon, floating
(4);(Microcoleus lyngbyaceus)
Lyngbya obscura Wolle
freshwater, ponds and pools (1,9)
Lyngbya pallida (Naeg) Kutz
wet soil and old meadow grounds (1);exposed wet soil, old
roadways, old meadow grounds (9)

Lyngbya phormidium Kutz
freshwater, on marsh bottoms, frequent (1)

Lyngbya rupestre (Ag) Kutz
on rocks, Pa He oe
Lyngbya semiplens (C Ag) J Ag
udson, ee on wharves between tide marks at Atlantic City
(8);(Microcoleus lyngbyaceus )
Lyngbya tenerrima Thur
marine, on wharves, Atlantic City (1);in small quantity, among
other algae, Atlantic City (4)

Lyngbya vulgaris (Kutz) Kirch
reshwater, on moist soil, frequent (1)

Lyngbya wollei Farlow
freshwater, Lake Hopatcong, Swartswood Pond (1);widely
distributed, pond near Stanhope (9)

Marsoneilla elegans Lemm

D/R Canal, Oct 7)

Mastigonema aerugineum (Kutz) Kirch

freshwater, common in small ponds (1);state (9)
Merismopedia convolutum Breb

freshwater, frequent in ponds (1,8)
Merismopedia elegans A Br

D/R Canal, Jul-Oct (7);Hackensack River; (Agmenellum thermale)
Merismopedia glauca (Ehr) Nag

D/R Canal, Oct ;Hackensack River
Merismopedia punctata Meyen

Pine Barrens (Sy<UkcaenuT um quadruplictum)
Merismopedia tenuissima Lemm

D/R Canal, Jul-Sep (7);Hackensack River

Microcoleus chthanoplastes Thur

Marine, on marshes, Atlantic City (1);brackish pools, Atlantic
City, moist earth (8);o0n marshes, mixed with other algae
(4);Hackensack River;(Schizothrix arenaria)

Microcoleus anguiformis Harv

terrestrial ;Pine Tie (6)

Microcoleus hyalinus (Kutz) Kirch

freshwater, in ponds on sphagnum (1);ponds (9)

Microcoleus lacustris

Pine Barrens

Microcoleus pulvinatus Wolle
mill race, Bamber (1,9);the thalli of all possible sizes From }
1-10" in diameter are attached to stones and grasses looking like

170 PHYTOLOCIA Vol. 53, Noe 2

boulders in the bottom of a mill race with rapidly running water
(8);Pine Barrens (6)

Microcoleus terrestris Desmog

terrestria:, on moist earth, frequent (1)

Microcoleus vaginatus (Vaucher) Gom

—_—

on moist eart

Microcystis ichthyoblabe Kutz

occasional in small ponds (8)

Microcystis pallida (Farlow) Lemm

on decaying algae, Atlantic City (8)

Microcystis progenita (Bres) Rab

terrestrial, wet timbers, trunks of trees, etc (1)
Nostoc alpinum Kutz

dripping rocks, Palisades (1);(Nostoc commune)
Nostoc austinii Wood

growing admist mosses on rocks, near Gloucester (8);(Nostoc
commune )

Nostoc caeruleum Lyngb

in ponds and on dripping rocks (1)

Nostoc comminutum Kutz

on pond water, frequent (1,8);(Nostoc commune)
Nostoc commune Vauch

on wet ground, common (1);common on wet ground, dripping rocks,
Palisades (8)

Nostoc depressum Wood

attached to a brook moss, growing in a rapid rivulet in the
northern part of the state (8);(Nostoc commune)

Nostoc microscopicum Carm

frequent on moist rocks (8);(Nostoc commune)

Nostoc pruniforma Ag
in ponds (1);(Nostoc commune)
Nostoc punctatum Wood

damp ground, Sep (8);(Nostoc commune)

Nostoc rupestre Kutz

on moist rocks, frequent (1);(Nostoc commune)
Nostoc sphaericum Vauch

on wet rocks, abundant (1,8)

Oncobyrsa cesatiana Rab

New Brunswick (3)

Oscillatoria amphibia Ag
New Brunswick ‘e
Oscillatoria angustissima West & West

Hackensack River

Oscillatoria brevis Kutz

freshwater, in marshes (1, 8);Hackensack River; (Arthrospira

neapolitana)

Oscillatoria formosa Bory

Oradell Reservoir, occasional, Jul (2);New Brunswick
(3);Hackensack River

Oscillatoria froelichii Kutz

ere on sluggish and stagnant water (1)
scillatoria gracillima Kutz

freshwater on small ponds (1)

Oscillatoria imperator Wood

1983 Foote, Algae of New Jersey 171

freshwater, frequent in ponds and pools (1)
Oscillatoria leptotricha Kutz
brackish water 3)

Oscillatoria limnmetica Lemm

New Brunswick (3)

Oscillatoria limosa Ag & Gom

terrestrial, on wet earth, frequent (1);Stapleton and
Tomkinsville, Staten Island, frequent on wet earth (8);New
Brunswick (3);Hackensack River

Oscillatoria littoralis Carm

marine, salt water marshes, frequent (1,9)
Oscillatoria major Vauch

freshwater, on sluggish and stagnant waters (1,8)
Oscillatoria natans Kutz

Freshwater, on ponds (1)

Oscillatoria nigra Vauch

D/R Canal, May-Dec (7);in wet places (1,8)
Oscillatoria ornata Kutz

New Brunswick (3)

Oscillatoria princeps Vauch

freshwater, on pools, Dennisville (1,8);Pine Barrens (5)
Oscillatoria sancta (Kutz) Gom

Hackensack River

Oscillatoria splendida Kutz
On small freshwater ponds, in ditches of brackish water
(8);Hackensack River
Oscillatoria subtarulosa (Breb) Farlow
marine, brackish water and pools, Atlantic Co (1);found with
Oscillatoria subuliformis, Atlantic City (4)
Oscillatoria subuliformis Kutz
marine, in brackish water and pools, Atlantic Co (1,8);mixed
with other algae, Atlantic City (4); (Porphyrosiphon notarisii)
Oscillatoria tenuis Ag
Stagnant water (1,8);Pine Barrens (5);Oradell Reservoir,
occasional, Jun-Aug (2);New Brunswick (3);Hackensack River
Oscillatoria tenuis var. natans (Kuet) Gom
freshwater ponds, frequent (8)
Phormidium autumnale (Ag) Gom
On moist soil (8);(Microcoleus vaginatus)
Phormidium incrustatum var. cataractarum (Naeg) Gomont
rapid water ;
Phormidium retzii forma rupestris (Kutz) Gom
on rocks, Palisades (8)
Phormidium uncinatum (Ag) Gom
New Brunswick (3)
Plectonema tomasinianum (Kutz) Born
frequent on stones in ponds or floating, Hammonton (8)
Plectonema wollei Farlow
the floating mass was fully 10 yards long, 2-4 yards wide, a foot
or more in thickness and so densely matted it was impossible to
break through with a rowboat, in pond near Stanhope, also Sussex,
Lake Hopatcong, Swartswood Pond (8)
Polycystis aeruginosa Kutz

anal, Jul-Oct (7);Hackensack River

172 Poa T7104. 0 Goita Vol. 53, No. 2

Polycystis flos-aquae (Wittr) Kirc
HaCHeTZaCk River
Polycystis ichthyoblabe Kutz
reshwater, fe any i small pools (1)
Polycystis pallida (Kutz) Farlow
marine, on decaying algae, Atlantic City (1,4)
Rivularia atra Roth
stones at Atlantic City (1,8);(Calothrix crustacea)
Rivularia dura Kutz
freshwater, attached to other aquatic plants in ponds, frequent
(1,8);(Calothrix parientina)
Rivularia haematites (DC) Ag
rocky margins of Green Pond (8)
Rivularia hospita Thur
On an oyster shell, Atlantic City (4)
Rivularia natans (Hedwig) Welw
small ponds and pools (8)
Rivularia polyotis (J Ag) Born & Flah
marine, on roots of Spartina and on oyster shells, Atlantic Co
(1,8); (Calothrix crustacea)
Schizothrix hyalina Kutz
in ponds on sphagnum (8)
Scytonema austinii Wood
forming a sort of miniature turfy cushion upon the rocks, Little
Falls (8)
Scytonema calotrichoides Kutz
on submerged sticks in ponds (1,9)
Scytonema cinerum Menegh
Godwinville, on moist rocks (1,9)
Scytonema gracile Kutz
on rocky shores of Morris Pond (1,9)

Scytonema guyanese (Mont) Born & Flah
forming an extended olive green stratum, a little above the water
level on the plank sides of a neglected basin of sea water, Perth
Amboy, July, 1878 (8)
Scytonema hafmanni Ag
On moist earth, wood and rocks (8)
Scytonema immersum Wood
orming a flocculent, greenish black, slimy coating to the stems
and finely dissected leaves of Ranunculus aquetilis in Shepherds
Mill Pond, near Greenwich (8)
Scytonema mirabile (Dillw) Born
pees on submerged ae in ponds (8)
cytonema myochrous (Dillw) Ag
4 moist ground, Closter, Morris Pond (1,8)
cytonema naegelii Kutz
moist rocks, Closter and Godwinville (1)
Scytonema natans Breb
carina in Apieh Hammonton and elsewhere (1)
cytonema ocellatum Lyng
on moist rocks, Godwinville (8)
Scytonema tolypothrichoides Born & Flah
requent on wet rocks ,8);Pine Barrens (5)

Sirosiphon compactus Kutz

1983 Foote, Algae of New Jersey 173

on moist rocks (1)

Sirosiphon coralloides Kutz

on macky shores of Green Pond (1,9);Pine Barrens (6)
Sirosiphon ocellatus Kutz

Tn Swampy places on submerged sticks (1)

Sirosiphon pulvinatus Breb

On moist rocks (1)

Sphaerozyga carmichaelii Harv

common on muddy flats and in shallow pools in marshes
(4);(Anabaina oscillarioides)

Sphaerozyga polysperma Kutz

freshwater, a pools, Bound Brook (1);(Anabaina oscillarioides)
Sphaerozyga saccata Wolle

Cranbury Pond (9); (Hapalosiphon)

Spirulina laxa G M Smith

New Brunswick (3);Hackensack River

Spirulina princeps West & West

Hackensack River; (Spirulina subsalsa)

Spirulina subsalsa Oersted

mixed with Oscillatoria, Atlantic City, also Swimming River,
mixed with other minute forms, Atlantic City (8)

Spirulina tenuissima Kutz

marine, Atlantic City, mixed with other minute forms, Swimming
River (1);in small quantity, mixed with Oscillatoria, Atlantic
City

Stigonema informe Kutz

On stones constantly washed by the waves, along the rocky shores
of Green Pond (8)

Stigonema ocellatum (Dillw) Thur
forming, with various other species of algae, a gelatinous
blue-green or brown stratum, in a very stagnant pool, on
submerged sticks in swampy places or in dark brown waving tufts,
about a half inch in length, Bamber Lake (8)
Stigonema panniforme (Ag) Kirchner

requent on moist ie at
Stigonema turfaceum (Breb) Cooke
growing on exposed faces of rocks (8);Pine Barrens (5)

Symplocastrum friesii (Ag) Kirch
Shaded clay banks, Bergen (8)
Symphosiphon austinii Wood
on wet rocks, Little Falls (1,9)
Symphosiphon hafmanni (Ag) Kutz
on moist earth, wood and rocks (1)
Symploca lucifuga Harv

terrestrial, on shaded clay banks, Bergen Co (1,9)
Symploca muralis Kutz

ine Barrens (5)
Symploca muscorum (Ag) Gom
on marsh bottoms (8)

Tolypothrix aegogropila (Kutz) Kirch
Budd Lake (1,

Tolypothrix distorta Kutz
in ponds (1);rocky shores of Morris Pond (7)
Tolypothrix lanata (Desv) Wartm

174 Peue¥aT, Ort Oole Ech Vol. 53, Noe 2

clusters torn from attachment by storm, Budd Lake (8)
Tolypothrix muscicola Kutz

frequent in sluggish water (1)

Tolypothrix penicillata (Ag) Thur

on moist rocks, Closter and Godwinville (8)

Tolypothrix tenuis Kutz

in ponds, often very abundant (1,8)

Tolypothrix tenuis forma bryophila Rab

ponds, very abundant (8,9)

Wollea saccata (Wolle) Born & Flah

Frequent in cranberry pond, Sussex Co (1); (Hapalosiphon)
Xenococcus schoushoei Thur

marine, growing on Lyngbya luteo-fusca at Atlantic City
(1,8);(Entophysalis conferta

References

1. Britton, N.L. 1889. Catalogue of Plants Found in New
Jersey. Final Report of the State Geologist, Vol. II. John L.
Murphy Publishing Co. Trenton, N.J.

2. Foote, M.A. 1981. Algae of the Oradell Reservoir, New
Jersey (Exclusive of the Bacillariophyta). Bull. NJ Acad. Sci.
26:49-5]

3. Keller, J.M. 1954. A study of the periodicity of
fresh-water algae in the vicinity of New Brunswick, N.J. Ph.D.
Thesis. Rutgers University. New Brunswick, N.J.

4. Morse, S.R. 1888. Algae from Atlantic City. Bull. Torrey
Bot. Club 15:309-314

5. Moul, E.T. and H.F. Buell. 1979. Algae of the Pine Barrens.
IN: Pine Barrens: Ecosystem and Landscape, R.T.T. Forman, editor.
Academic Press, N.Y.

6. Patrick, R. and B. Matson and L. Anderson. 1979. Streams
and lakes in the Pine Barrens. IN: Pine Barrens: Ecosystem and
Landscape, R.T.T. Forman, editor. Academic Press, N.Y.

7. Renlund, R.W. 1953. A study of the net phytoplankton of the
Delaware and Raritan Canal. Ph.D. Thesis. Rutgers University,
New Brunswick, N.J.

8. Tilden, J. 1910. The Myxophyceae of North America and
Adjacent Regions. Bibliotheca Phycologica. Band 4.

9. Wolle, F. 1887. Freshwater Algae of the United States.
Yol. I. The Commenius Press. Bethlehem, Pa.

BOOK REVIEWS

Alma L. Moldenke

“THE GROWTH OF BIOLOGICAL THOUGHT, Diversity, Evolution, and
Inheritance" by Ernst Mayr, xvii & 974 pp, & 3 tab.
Belnap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02138, 1982. $30.00,

If only there could be delivered with this wonderfully
valuable book some magic package of many quiet hours in blocked
series for careful readings J took my copy on vacation for
morning, afternoon and bedtime reading. Mayr*’s expressed ori-
antation is to a history on concepts and ideas dominating
modern biology with emphasis on their background and develop-
ment, which he is preeminently qualified to do. In Part I:
Diversity of Life is considerad from macrotaxonomy or basic
classification, then common ancestry grouping and then micro-
taxonomy at the species level. In Part II: Evolutionism
views the church-influenced lack of such, Darwin's evidence
for it, common descent, natural selection, evolution of man
and in modern thought. In Part III: Variation and its Inheri-
tance explains the ramifications from early theories and breed-
ing experiments through the DNA double helix. "Perhaps the
most impressive aspect of current biology is it unification.
Virtually all the great controversies of former centuries
have been resolved." Assuredly this book is bound to become
@ classic.

“NATURE CLOSE UP - A Fantastic Journey into Reality” by Andreas
Faininger, 160 ppe, 12 color & 84 b/w photo. Dover Publi-
cations, Ince, New York, Ne Ye LOOL4, 1981, $8.95
paperbound oversize.

Dover, a8 a reprint house, over the years has always shown
fine quality choice in what it republishes. This beautiful
work came from "Mountains of the Minds A Fantastic Journey into
Reality" from Viking Press, Ne Ye, in 1977. Some parts, in
turn, came from Life Magazine as early as 1949. The photographs
are expectedly Faeininger-wonderful and quite well printed, the
text is stimulating and important. He “wanted to give the
reader a new point of vieWoceseeetoO show him familiar subjects
in new perspectives, stimulate his mind, and make him aware of
things and relationships he may not have known or thought of
before." The “captions were specifically written to supply ad-
ditional information, Liberate the creative faculties of the
reader, stimulate his imagination, and send him off on a fan-
tastic journey into reality.”

Put a copy first on your night table and then on your coffee
table for wonderful shared trips’

175

176 Popeye TO. OG ae Vol. 53, Now 2

“TREES OF NORTH TEXAS" by Robert A. Vines, xx & 466 pp., 3 b/w
maps, 248 line draw. University of Texas Press, Austin,
Texas 78712. 1982. $24.95 clothbound & $10.95 paperbound,.

This is the second field manual excerpted from “Trees, Shrubs
and Woody Vines of the Southwest” by the seme recently deceased
author. Its purpose “is to identify by full descriptions all il-
lustrations of the native and naturalized trees of the north Texe
as zone [which is] west of the Pineywoods and Post Oak Savannah
and north of the Limestone Edwards Plateau", principally prairie
orasslands. After common and scientific names the following
topics are discussed for each tree: field identification, flowars,
fruit, leaves, twigs, bark, wood, range and remarks with deriva-
tion of the names and interesting tidbits. As a generic name
Taxodium is spelled the usual way but as a family name it appears
with two “i's, Vitex agnus-castus has the Asian mainland given
as its original home instead of the Mediterranean area, its actu
al homeland; it is V. negundo which hails from mainland Asia
and now both cultivated and naturalized in Texas.

"FERNS AND FERN ALLIES OF THE DRIFTLESS AREA OF ILLINOIS, IOWA,
MINNESOTA AND WISCONSIN” by James He. Peck, 140 pp., 3 b/w
Figes, 3 tab. & 86 county distribution maps. Contributions
in Biology and Geology No. 53, Milwaukee Public Museum, Mil-
waukee, Wisconsin 53233. 1982, $12.50 paperbound plus $1
shipping & handling.

This Driftless Area occurs at the junction of three vegetation
formations - Tall Grass Prairie, Eastern Deciduous Forest and
Northern Mixed Coniferous Forest - and has a great diversity of
species from these adjacent areas. These pteridophytes are rep-
resented by 12 families, 28 genera, 73 species, 13 hybrids and 6
infraspecific taxa. There are highly operative keys first to
genera and then to species. Geographic distribution maps show
not only this area but also specimen distribution in the 6 cone
tiguous states based on careful herbarium and field studies.

This should prove to be a very helpful publication.

"THE SAVORY WILD MUSHROOM by Margaret Mckenny (1962) revised
and enlarged by Daniel £. Stunt (1971), xvi, 242 & 16 ppe,
256 b/w & 64 color photo., University of Washington Press,
Seattle, Washington 98105, 6th printing, 1978. $9.95
clothbound & $5.95 paperbound.

This excellently illustrated book about edible gilled mush-
rooms, boletes, chanterelles, puffballs, polypores, spina,
coral, jelly and cup fungi provides good short descriptions,
cautions about mushroom poisons, hunting techniques and wild
mushroom recipese Since almost 90 percent of the species are
not limited to the Pacific Northwest, this book can be and has
been a great help in most of North America.

UU

3 5185

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The title of the paper should be typed in all uppercase (capital) letters with 2
blank lines above the title and one beneath; then the name of the author in
ordinary upper-and lower-case letters, along with his address (if so desired);
followed by 2 blank lines; then the first line of text. It is usually best to leave a
blank line between paragraphs.

All scientific plant and animal names and group names should be typed either in
italic type (if available) or underscored. Any corrections in the text made by the
author must be complete and neat as they will be photographed as they are.

The finished typescript as submitted by the author will be reduced from the 8%
x 5% inch size as submitted to 6 2/8 x 4 inches by the printer. It is therefore
advisable to place a centimeter or millimeter scale on all text figures and plates
included.

Use a new heavily inked black typewriter ribbon and be sure to clean the type
on the typewriter after each several pages of typing.

Cost of publication at present is $10.00 US per page,with no subsequent rebates,
but this rate may vary depending on inflation and costs, so it is best to inquire as to
current rates. The page charges are due with the typescript and no paper will be
published before payment is received in full. Each author will receive gratis a
proportionate share of the printed copies remaining after paid subscriptions are
filled, but if separates (reprints or offprints) are desired, these will be charged
extra in accord with the current rate for offprints provided by the printer. The cost
of all such separates ordered must also be paid for in advance at the time the
typescript is sent. No orders for separates will be accepted later, nor can additions
or corrections be accepted.

Authors are asked to indicate in light pencil on the reverse side of each page of
their typescript the page number so that no mistakes in sequence occur.

Each number consists of not less than 32 pages. All manuscript accepted will be
published in the next issue, so that the size of numbers may vary greatly. A
volume will contain 512 pages. This plan insures prompt publication of all
accepted manuscript.

Illustrations will be published according to the desires of the authors. No extra
charge is made for line drawings, such as are ordinarily reproduced in zinc, or for
diagrams, tables, or charts, provided they conform to certain limitations of size
and proportion. An extra charge will be made for halftones, depending on their
size, as fixed by the engraver.

Articles dealing with research in all lines of botany and plant ecology, in any
reasonable length, biographical sketches, and critical reviews and summaries of
literature will be considered for publication.