Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2009 with funding from Mertz Library, The New York Botanical Garden https://archive.org/details/phytologia56glea *1*7 PHYTOLOGIA An international journal to expedite botanical and phytoecological publication Vol. 56 July 1984 _ No. 1 CONTENTS HENRY, R. D., & SCOTT, A. R., The wetland vascular flora of four seeps in McDonough County, Illinois . SMITH, L. B., & WASSHAUSEN, D. C., Notes on Begoniaceae—V . . . REESE, W. D., Calymperes nymanii (FI.) Reese, a new combination based on Syrrhopodon nymanii FI . . LUNDELL, C. L., Neotropical Myrsinaceae—XU . LUNDELL, C. L., Studies of American plants— XXI . MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the genus Gmelina. Ill . WARD, D. E., Chromosome counts from New Mexico and Mexico . MOLDENKE. A. L., Book reviews . 1 16 17 19 28 32 55 61 LIBRARY AUG 3 198A _ N fciW vOtviA. BOTANICAL GARDE Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 303 Parkside Road Plainfield, New Jersey 07060 U.S.A. Priee of this number $3.00", tor this volume $14. 00 in advance or $15. 00 after close of the volume; $5.00 extra to all foreign addresses and domestic dealers; 512 pages constitute a complete volume; claims for numbers lost in the mails must be made immediately after receipt of the next following number for free replacement; back volume prices apply if payment is received after a volume is closed. THE WETLAND VASCULAR FLORA OF FOUR SEEPS IN MCDONOUGH COUNTY, ILLINOIS R. D. Henry and A. R. Scott R. M. Myers Herbarium, Western Illinois University, Macomb 614S5 ABSTRACT: The wetland vascular floras of four herbaceous- dominated west-central Illinois seeps that drain into tributaries of the Lamoine River were studied during 1983. Three were alka¬ line seeps and one was acid. Although there were some floristic differences among the seeps, in totality there were represented three divisions, 37 families, 71 genera and 122 species recorded with the Magnoliophyta being the largest taxon. Only seven species (5.7%) occurred in all four seeps. INTRODUCTION The four seeps in west-central Illinois which are the subjects of this paper became of interest when a cursory visit to each revealed obvious floristic differences that attracted attention. The Good Hope Marsh was the only one with Aster umbellatus , Saxifraga pensylvanica and Gentiana andrewsii , the Acorus Seep was the only one with Acorus calamus (which grew in a rather large stand). Spring Lake Seep was the only one with Solidago patula and the Argyle Lake Sphagnum Seep was dominated with the moss Sphagnum. Also in one or more of these seeps were the less common plants Che lone glabra, Pedicularis lanceolata. Aster puniceus and Caltha palustris. Knowing that these kinds of habitats are not common in west-central Illinois and that they should be appreciated and hopefully preserved, we decided to investigate them more thoroughly from a floristic viewpoint in order to make a record of some baseline data about them for future monitoring and comparison. The Good Hope Marsh and the Lake Argyle Sphagnum Seeps are on the Illinois Natural Areas Inventory. O' Flaherty et al., (1975) described the Lake Argyle Sphagnum Seep from a bryological basis (including the report of a state record. Sphagnum fimbriatum Wils. ex J. Hook.) detailing the physical description and soil and water analyses. In east-central Illinois, Ebinger (1978) studied the vascular flora of seven hillside seeps, Parker and Ebinger (1971) studied the ecology of a hillside marsh and Phipps and Spear (1958) studied a hillside marsh. METHODS Each seep was visited at least once a month from March through October 1983. Voucher specimens are deposited in the R. M. Myers Herbarium of Western Illinois University (MWI). Mohlenbrock (1975) 1 2 PHYTOLOGIA Vol 56, No. 1 was the source for the family and species nomenclature. DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREAS The four seeps studied are in central McDonough County, Illinois within about a six mile radius from Macomb and within a 12 mile distance from each other. They are more or less tongue¬ shaped and occur on the south side of tributaries (into which they drain) of the Lamoine River which traverses central McDonough County from a northeast to southwest direction. Good Hope Marsh (Fig. 1) --Located 3 miles east of Good Hope at the east side of county road 1500 E. Although this seep occurs on both sides of the road this study only includes the approximately 75,600 sq. ft. (420' x 180') on the east side. In the center of the marsh on August 1, 1983 the air temperature was 79°F and the water temperature 66°F with a pH 7.0. The seep is not shaded. The adjacent vegetation is a heavily grazed old field with scattered trees of Gleditsia triacanthos . Crataegus spp., Maclura pomifera, and Morus alba as well as scattered shrubs of Ribes spp., Rosa multiflora, and Symphoricarpos orbiculatus . Acorus Seep (Fig. 2) --Located about 300 feet east of Good Hope Marsh with an area of about 65,100 sq. ft. (465' x 140'). In the center of the seep on August 1, 1983 the air temperature was 84°F and the water temperature 75°F with a pH 7.3. The seep is not shaded and the adjacent vegetation is the same as Good Hope Marsh. Spring Lake Seep (Fig. 3) --Located about four miles northwest of Macomb in the northeastern part of Spring Lake Park and about six miles southwest of Good Hope Marsh, this seep consists of about 7,425 sq. ft. (165' x 45'). This seep, more of a hillside seep, is heavily shaded by the adjacent dense mesic woods the principal canopy trees at the perimeter being Juglans nigra, J. cinerea, Fraxinus americana, Carya spp. , Quercus rubra, Q. imbricaria, Q. alba and Tilia americana. The main understory trees are Prunus serotina, Ostrya virginiana and Ulmus sp. The shrub Comus racemosa was also present. In the center of the seep on August 1, 1983 the air temperature was 75°F and the water temperature 71°F with a pH 7.6. Argyle Lake Sphagnum Seep (Fig. 4) --Located about six miles west of Macomb in the southwestern part of Argyle Lake State Park and about six miles southwest of Spring Lake Seep, this seep consists of about 986 sq. ft. (58' x 17'). This seep, which is a hillside coal seep dominated by the moss Sphagnum, is heavily shaded by the adjacent dense mesic woods. The principal canopy trees around it are Acer saccharum, Quercus rubra, Q^. alba, Carya spp . , Ulmus sp . , and Fraxinus americana, with a few Betula nigra at the edge. The main understory trees are Ostrya virginiana, Amelanchier arborea and Prunus serotina. In the center of the seep on August 1, 1983 the air temperature was 66°F and the water temperature 65°F with a pH 3.5 . 1984 Henry & Scott, Wetland vascular flora 3 4 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 1 LIST OF THE WETLAND SPECIES GH = Good Hope Marsh, Sp = Spring Lake Seep, Ac = Acorus Seep, Ar = Argyle Lake Sphagnum Seep, * = alien species DIVISION EQUISETOPHYTA GH.Sp, Ac Scirpus atrovirens Willd. equisetaceae GH Scirpus cyperinus (L.) GH.Sp Equisetum arvense L. Kunth DIVISION POLYPOD IOPHYTA GH GH.Sp, Ac Scirpus pendulus Muhl. Scirpus validus Vahl GH , Sp , Ac POLYPODIACEAE Onoclea sensibilis L. JUNCACEAE GH.Sp Thelypteris palustris Schott GH Juncus dudleyi Wieg. var. pubescens (Laws.) GH Juncus interior Wieg. Fern. DIVISION MAGNOLIOPHYTA GH.Sp, Ac LEMNACEAE Lemna minor L. CLASS LILIOPSIDA Sp Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) GH.Sp Sp ALISMACEAE Alisma subcordatum Raf. Sagittaria brevirostra Mack. Schleiden POACEAE 6 Bush Ar Agrostis scabra Willd. GH, Ac Sagittaria latifolia Willd. GH Alopecurus carolinianus Walt. Ac ARACEAE Acorus calamus L. GH GH.Sp, Ac, Ar Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Beauv. Echinochloa pungens (Poir.) CYPERACEAE Sp Rydb. Echinochloa pungens (Poir.) Ac, ,Ar Carex cristatella Britt. Rydb. var. wiegandii Fassett GH.Sp, Ac Carex hystricina Muhl. GH.Sp, Ac, Ar Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchcock GH Carex lacustris Willd. GH.Sp Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchcock Sp Carex laevivaginata var. stricta (Scrib.) Fern. (Kukenth.) Mack. GH.Sp, Ac, Ar Leersia oryzoides (L.) Swartz GH Carex lanuginosa Michx. Sp, Ar Leersia virginica Willd. Sp Carex lurida Wahlenb. Sp Phalaris arundinacea L. GH, Ac Carex scoparia Schk. GH Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) GH Carex sterilis Willd. Scribn. Sp, Ar Carex stipata Muhl. Ac Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) GH.Sp, Ac Carex stricta Lam. Scribn. var. major (Torr.) Sp Carex trichocarpa Muhl. Erdman GH, Ac GH Carex vulpinoidea Michx. Cyperus esculentus L. TYPHACEAE Sp Cyperus ferruginescens GH, Ac Typha latifolia L. GH Boeckl. Cyperus rivularis Kunth CLASS MAGNOLIOPSIDA GH.Sp, Ac Cyperus strigosus L. ACERACEAE GH.Sp, Ac Eleocharis erythropoda Ar Acer saccharinum L. GH Steud. Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) ASCLEPIADACEAE Schult. GH,Sp Asclepias incarnata L. GH Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) Schult. var. detonsa (Gray) Drap. fi Mohlenbr. GH,Sp, Ac BALSAMINACEAE Impatiens biflora Walt. 1984 Henry & Scott, Wetland vascular flora 5 BETULACEAE LABIATAE Ar Bctula nigra L. GH, Ac.Ar Lycopus amcricanus Muhl. GH Lycopus uniflorus Michx. CAMPANULACEAE Sp, Ar Lycopus virginicus L. GH, Ac Campanula aparinoides Pursh GH, Ac Mentha arvensis L. var. GH.Sp.Ac Lobelia siphilitica L. villosa (Benth.) S.R. Stewart COMPOS ITAE GH, Ac Pycnanthcmum virginianum (L.) Sp, Ar Aster lateriflorus (L.) Dur. 6 Jacks. Britt. CII.Sp, Ac.Ar Scutellaria lateriflora L. Gil, Ac Aster novac-angliae L. GH Stachys palustris L. var. Gil Aster praealtus Poir. homotricha Fern. Gil Aster puniceus 1.. GH.Sp.Ac Aster puniceus L. var. LEGUMINOSAE lucidulus Gray GII, Ac Amorpha fruticosa L. Sp.Ac Aster simplex W i lid. Gil Aster umbellatus L. LYTIIRACEAE GH.Sp, Ar Bidcns aristosa L. GH Lythrum alatum Pursh GH.Sp.Ac, Ar Bidens cernua L. Sp, Ar Bidens comosa (Gray) Wieg. OLEACEAE GH, Ac Bidens coronata (L.) Britt. Ar Fraxinus americana L. Sp.Ac , , Ar Bidens fromlosa L. Sp Bidens vulgata Greene ONACRACEAE Ar Eclipta alba (L.) Ilassk. GH.Sp.Ac Epilobium coloratura Muhl. GH, Ac Erechtites hieracifolia (L.) Sp Jussiaea repens L. var. Raf. glabrescens Ktie. GH.Sp.Ac Eupatorium maculatum L. GH, Ac.Ar Ludwigia alternifolia L. GH.Sp.Ac Eupatorium perfoliatum L. GH Ludwigia palustris (L.) Ell. GH, Ac Ilelenium autumnale L. var. americana (DC.) Fern. Sp Solidago patula Muhl. 5 Grisc. GH Ludwigia polycarpa Short 6 CONVOLVULACEAE Peter GH, Ac Cuscuta polygonorum Engelm. POLYGON ACE AE CORNACEAE GH.Sp.Ac •Polygonum hydropiper L. GH, Ac Comus obliqua Raf. Ar Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. GH, Ac Cornus racemosa Lam. Sp Polygonum pensylvanicum L. var. laevigatum Fern. CRUCIFERAE Sp.Ac, Ar •Polygonum persicaria L. GH.Sp.Ac Cardamine bulbosa (Schreb.) GH.Sp, Ac.Ar Polygonum punctatum Ell. BSP. GH.Sp.Ac Polygonum sagittatum L. GH, Ac Rorippa islandica (Oeder) Sp Rumcx altissimus hood Borbas var. femaldiana Sp.Ac •Ruroex crispus L. Butt. 5 Abbe GH Rorippa sessiliflora (Nutt.) PRIMULACEAE Hitchc. Sp, Ar Lysimachia nuranularia L. GENTIANACEAE RANUNCULACEAE GH Gentiana andrewsii Griseb. GH.Sp Caltha palustris L. GH.Sp.Ac Ranunculus abortivus L. HYPERICACEAE Sp Ranunculus recurvatus Poir. GH, Ac Hypericum mutilum L. Sp Ranunculus scleratus L. GH, Ar Hypericum punctatum Lam. Sp Ranunculus septentrionalis Poir. 6 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 1 GH, Sp ROSACEAE Geum laciniatum Murr. var. trichocarpum Fern. GH GH,Sp,Ac RUBIACEAE Galium obtusum Biegel. Galium tinctorium L. GH, Sp,Ac GH, Ac Sp, Ac SALICACEAE Salix discolor Muhl. Salix nigra Marsh. Salix rigida Muhl. GH, Ac GH SAXIFRAGACEAE Penthorum sedoides L. Saxifraga pensylvanica L. GH,Sp,Ac GH, Sp, Ac Sp GH, Sp, Ac SCROPHULAR IACEAE Che lone glabra L. Mimulus ringens L. Mimulus ringens L. var. minthodes (Greene) Grant Pedicularis lanceolata Michx. ULMACEAE GH,Sp,Ac,Ar Ulmus americana L Ac UMBELLIFERAE Cicuta maculata L. URTICACEAE Sp, Ar Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Siv. Sp, Ac Pi lea pumila (L.) Gray GH, Sp, Ac GH, Ac VERBENACEAE Lippia lanceolata Michx. Verbena hastata L. FLORISTIC ANALYSIS The total wetland vascular flora of the four seeps consisted of three divisions (Equisetophyta, Polypodiophyta, Magnoliophyta) , 37 families, 71 genera and 122 species (plus six additional varieties). As shown in Table 1 in all seeps the Magnoliophyta (and within it the class Magnoliopsida) contained the most families, genera and species. The Acorus Seep lacked Equisetophyta and the Argyle Seep lacked both Equisetophyta and Polypodiophyta. The Good Hope Marsh had the most families, genera and species while the Argyle Lake Sphagnum Seep had the fewest. Of the 37 families, Good Hope had 30 (81%), Acorus 27 (73%), Spring Lake 23 (62%) and Argyle 13 (35%). Of the 71 genera. Good Hope had 56 (79%), Acorus 47 (66%), Spring Lake 42 (59%) and Argyle 19 (27%). Of the 122 species. Good Hope had 85 (70%), Acorus 63 (52%), Spring Lake 66 (54%) and Argyle 26 (21%). A comparison of the largest families 1984 Henry & Scott, Wetland vascular flora 7 and genera are shown in Tables 2 and 3. Carex is the largest genus in terms of the number of species in all the seeps except at Argyle where it is Bidens . Carex is the largest monocot genus in all four seeps and Bidens is the largest dicot genus at Spring Lake and Argyle whereas Polygonum is the largest at Acorus and Aster at Good Hope. The Cyperaceae is the largest family in terms of the number of species at Good Hope and Spring Lake whereas the Compos itae is the largest family at Acorus and Argyle. The Cyperaceae is the largest monocot family at all the seeps except Argyle where the Poaceae is the largest. The Compositae is the largest dicot family at all four seeps. The relative numbers of woody and herbaceous genera and species are compared in Table 4. There are 10 woody species in seven genera and 112 herbaceous species in 64 genera. Although all of the seeps had woody plants, clearly they are dominated by herbaceous taxa which are about 92% of the species present. Spring Lake had the fewest woody taxa while Argyle had the highest percent woody taxa. Out of the seven woody genera present in the seeps Good Hope, Acorus, and Argyle each had four genera whereas Spring Lake had two. Salix with three species and Corn us with two species were the only genera of the seven to have more than one species each. Ulmus americana was the only woody species to occur in all four seeps. Herbaceous plants occurring in all four seeps were Echinochloa pungens , Glyceria striata, Leersia oryzoides, Bidens cemua, Scutellaria laterfolia, and Polygonum punctatum; these seven species being 5.7% of the 122 species found in all four seeps. Twenty-nine (23.8%) of all species were in three seeps, 40 (32.8%) were common to two seeps and 46 (37.7%) were located in only one seep (23 at Good Hope, 2 at Acorus, 15 at Spring Lake, 6 at Argyle. Table 5). Uncommon wetland species in west-central Illinois occuring in these seeps were Carex laevivaginata, Carex sterilis. Solidago patula. Aster umbellatus. Aster puniceus, Lycopus unif lorus, Galium tinctorium, Saxifraga pensylvanica. Campanula aparinoides and Caltha palustris . Per Mohlenbrock and Ladd (1978) the four taxa Campanula aparinoides, Carex sterilis, Aster puniceus (although the variety lucidulus has been reported by Scott and Henry (1982)) and Glyceria striata var. stricta (this variety has not been previously reported) have not been attributed to McDonough County and thus are county records. All four of these plants were found in (but all not limited to) Good Hope. Out of the 122 species only four (3.3%) were aliens (Lysimachia nummularia, Polygonum hydropiper. Polygonum persicaria, Rumex crispus) indicating a low invasion by non-indigenous wetland species to date. Spring Lake had all four species, Acorus had three, Argyle had two and Good Hope one. GENERAL VEGETATION SUMMARY Although this study is primarily floristic, some general vegetational observations are included here. A detailed ecological study would be desirable and should be done. 8 PHYTOLOGIA Vol . 56, No. 1 Tab 1 e 1 Family, Genera and Species Analysis of the Four Seeps Good Hope Marsh Acorus Seep Sprin Se g Lake ep Argyle Lake | Sphagnum Seep Total Num¬ ber % Num¬ ber % Num¬ ber % Num¬ ber % Fami lies Equisetophyta 1 3.3 0 0 1 4.3 0 0 1 Polypodiophyta ! 3.3 1 3.7 1 4.3 0 0 1 Magnol iophyta 28 93.4 26 96.3 21 91.4 13 100 35 Li liopsida 6 20 6 22.2 4 17.4 2 15.4 7 Magnol iopsida 22 73. 3 20 74. 1 17 73.9 11 84.6 28 Total 30 100 27 100 23 100 13 100 37 Genera Equisetophyta 1 1.8 0 0 1 2.4 0 0 1 Polypodiophyta 2 3.6 1 2.1 2 4.8 0 0 2 Magnoliophyta S3 94.6 46 97.9 39 92.8 19 100 68 Li liopsida IS 26.8 12 25.5 12 28.6 5 26.3 19 Magnoliopsida 38 67.9 34 72. 3 27 64.3 14 73.7 49 Total 56 100 47 100 42 100 19 100 71 Species Equisetophyta 1 1.2 0 0 1 1.5 0 0 1 Polypodiophyta 2 2.4 1 1.6 2 3.0 0 0 2 Magnoliophyta 82 96.4 62 98.4 63 95.5 26 100 119 Li liopsida 28 32.9 17 27 20 30.3 7 26.9 40 Magnoliopsida 54 63.5 45 71.4 43 65.2 19 73. 1 79 Total 85 100 63 100 66 100 26 100 122 Largest Families in the Four Seeps 1984 Henry & Scott, Wetland vascular flora £ The Largest Genera in the Four Seeps 10 1 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. Woody and Herbaceous Plant Components of the Four Seeps 1984 £ Henry & Scott, Wetland vascular flora 11 12 PHYTOLOGIA Vol . 56, No. 1 Table 5 Species Located at Only One Seep SPRING LAKE (15) GOOD HOPE (23) Carex lacustris Carex lanuginosa Carex steri 1 is Cyperus esculentus Cyperus rivularis Eleocharis obtusa Scirpus cyperinus Scirpus pendulus J uncus dudleyi J uncus interior Alopecurus carol inianus Calamagrostis canadensis Aster praealtus Aster umbel latus Rorippia sessiliflora Gen ti ana andrewsii Lycopus uniflorus Stachys palustris homotricha Ly thrum alatum Ludwigia palustris americana Ludwigia polycarpa Galium obtusum Saxifraga pensylvanica Sagittaria brevirostra Carex laevivaginata Carex lurida Carex trichocarpa Cyperus ferruginescens Spirodela polyrhiza Phalaris arundinacea Bidens vulgata Solidago patula Jussiaea repens glabrescens Polygonum pensylvanicum laevigatum Rumex altissimus Ranunculus recurvatus Ranunculus scleratus Ranunculus septentrionalis ARGYLE LAKE (6) Agrostis scabra Acer saccharinum Betula nigra Eclipta alba Fraxinus americana Polygonum hydropiperoides ACORUS (2) Acorus calamus Cicuta maculata Good Hope Marsh- -There are six rather distinct vegetational zones. In order from south (mouth) to north (source) they and their principal genera are: 1- -sedge meadow (Eleocharis, Carex, Scripus), 2--shrub zone (Amorpha fruticosa), 3--sedge meadow (Carex), 4-- herbaceous zone (Typha, Impatiens , Bidens, Sagittaria, Polygonum) , 5- -tree and shrub (woody) zone (Ulmus, Comus, Amorpha, Salix) and 6- -herbaceous zone of the southern and eastern edge surrounding the spring which is the major source of water (Glyceria, Carex, Scirpus, Eupatorium, Sagittaria, Onoclea and Impatiens being the major plants but also including Pedicularis, Gentiana, Chelone and Saxifraga) . Carex lacustris and C. stricta were the dominant and sub-dominate sedges respectively. 1984 Henry & Scott, Wetland vascular flora 13 Acorus Seep-- Likewise has six rather distinct zones from the south (mouth) to north (source): l--grass meadow which is about 50% the length of this seep plyceria) , 2--sedge meadow (Eleocharls, Carex, Scirpus , with herbs as Sagittaria, Impatiens , Eupatorium and particularly on the west side Polygonum) , 3--cattail zone (Typha) particularly at the west-central location, 4--sweet-f lag zone (Acorus) which occupies about 25% of the seep's length, 5--tree and shrub (woody) zone east of the Acorus (Ulmus , Salix, Cornus, Amorpha) , and 6--herbaceous zone of the southern and eastern edge surrounding the main water source (Glyceria, Sagittaria, Eupatorium, Carex, Impatiens, Typha, Scirpus) . Carex hystricina and C. stricta were the dominant and sub-dominant sedges respectively. Spring Lake Seep--This seep is not clearly zoned but is basically a sedge meadow (Carex) with the other species scattered throughout including a small grouping of several small woody plants (Ulmus , Salix) in the center. Along the lake edge (mouth) of the seep is a moderate stand of Phalaris where as at the eastern edge (a major source of the seep's water) there is a good stand of Impatiens . Argyle Lake Sphagnum Seep- -There is no zonation. The recorded species are generally scattered throughout the Sphagnum mat although most plants are near the periphery and the grass species appear to form a narrow band at the top and bottom of the seep. DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY These four herbaceous-dominated seeps, within a 12 mile distance of each other, occur on the south side of tributaries of the Lamoine River. The most apparent differences among them (excluding size) is that (a) one (Argyle) is an acid seep whereas the others are near neutral or alkaline, (b) two (Argyle and Spring Lake) are hillside seeps whereas the other two are not on such slopes, (c) two (Argyle and Spring Lake) are shaded and the other two are not, (d) two (Good Hope and Acorus) are surrounded by disturbed vegetation whereas the other two are not, and (e) two (Good Hope and Acorus) had generally well defined vegetation zones which the other two did not. Although the general floristic characters were similar in all the seeps, several differences were apparent (a) the acid seep (Argyle) clearly had fewer species than the others, (b) Carex was the genus with the most species in all the seeps except Argyle where Bidens was the largest genus, (c) only seven species (5.7%) were found in all four seeps (Ebinger (1978) found eight (8.4%) species in all seven seeps he studied in east-central Illinois), and (d) forty-six (37.7%) species were located in only one seep (Ebinger (1978) found 38 (40%) species at only one of his seven seeps in east-central Illinois which he considers to be due to chance dissemination, degree of disturbance and habitat differences). At the present time the seeps' floristic integrity seem not to be seriously threatened by alien wetland species since the latter 14 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 1 component is rather low (3.3%), although present in all four seeps. The list of vascular plants from this seep study includes only characteristic wetland species. There were, however, some other species present in the seeps. These were species of the surround¬ ing vegetation and occurred in the seeps usually at the periphery in small numbers and generally could not be considered as present threats to the seeps' floristic integrity. However, we feel it is important to state our comments about possible threats to each seep: Good Hope Marsh and Acorus Seep- -These are considered together since the threats are identical. There is a serious problem with cattle grazing around these privately owned seeps. They graze into the seep as far as they can, which varies with the water level. The edges (except the west edge of Good Hope Marsh which is a road) are severely trampled and often the Acorus in Acorus seep and Gentiana in Good Hope Marsh are badly mutilated. Also the effect of the large quantities of cattle feces and urine which sometimes discolor the water in places must not be neglected and should be evaluated. Species such as Barbarea vulgaris. Taraxacum officinale, Festuca pratensis , Hesperis matronalis, Poa pratensis, Agrostis perennans , Senecio plattensis , Vernonia missurica, Acalypha rhomboidea, Hypericum sphaerocarpum, Apios americana, and Amphicarpa bracteata, although presently not abundant, are often invasive from the surrounding fields. Spring Lake Seep--There is a large degree of protection for this seep since it is in a publicly (city) owned park. This is the only seep that had all four of the alien wetland species present. Apios americana and Amphicarpa bracteata were common and could be a potential problem and Agrostis alba occasionally occurred. Because this seep borders the lake there is a moderate problem of foot traffic and littering. In 1968 a new dam was completed to enlarge the reservoir and with the rise in water level when the lake enlarged in 1969 the lower part of this seep was submerged. Some of the thus doomed Caltha palustris were transplanted to another nearby smaller and less f loristical ly diverse hillside seep (which did not previously contain this species) in the spring of 1969. Today they are surviving well and spreading. Argyle Lake Sphagnum Seep--This seep is located in a publicly (state) owned park and some protection is provided. However, a potential major problem is encroachment of woody and herbaceous plants from the surrounding forest. Woody plants are particularly threatening: Quercus rubra (an approximately 15-20 year old tree is in the northwestern part of the seep and there are numerous seedlings throughout), Corylus americana (several seedlings near the edge), Ostrya virginiana (several seedlings near the edge), Parthenocissus quinquefolia (a number of young plants), P run us ? sp. (several seedlings), Quercus (imbricaria?) (2 seedlings), Rubus (allegheniensis?) (one young plant), Rhus sp. (several young). Toxicodendron radicans (several young) Carya sp. (couple seedings) , 1984 Henry & Scott, Wetland vascular flora 15 and some Betula nigra and fewer Ulmus sp. seedlings throughout. Several woodland herbaceous plants such as Potent ilia simplex, Claytonia virginica, and Cerastium sp. were in the seep at its edge and are not threatening presently. Most numerous of the herbaceous plants were many Muhlenbergia sylvatica and some Poa pratensis. These grasses were most prevalent near the lake margin. As noted, with the exception of the large red oak tree, the other plants were seedlings or very young. Perhaps the acid substrate will prevent the growth of these plants so that a major problem will not occur but a continued monitoring should be implemented. There is a minor problem at present where a foot path traverses the lower edge of this seep. As a final comment, it should be noted that there was a severe drought during the course of the study (summer 1983). Although we observed no effect on the seeps, there is a possibility some effect on the flora could have resulted. ACKNOWLEDGMENT We gratefully acknowledge the Western Illinois University Institute for Environmental Management for travel funding. REFERENCES Ebinger, J. E. 1978, Vascular flora of hillside seeps in east- central Illinois. Trans. Ill. State Acad. Sci. 71(1) : 109-114. Mohlenbrock, R. H. 1975. A Guide to the Vascular Flora of Illinois. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale. Mohlenbrock, R. H. and D. M. Ladd. 1978. Distribution of Illinois Vascular Plants. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale. O'Flaherty, L. M. , J. D. Ives and A. R. Ozimek. 1975. Sphagnum fimbriatum new to Illinois. The Bryologist 78 (4) : 455-458 . Parker, H. M. and J. E. Ebinger. 1971. Ecological study of a hillside marsh in east-central Illinois. Trans. Ill. State Acad. Sci. 64(4) :362-369. Phipps, R. and J. Speer. 1958. A hillside marsh in east-central Illinois. Trans, Ill. State Acad. Sci. 51(3 8 4):37-42. Scott, A. R. and R. D. Henry. 1982. New Illinois angiosperm distribution records. Phytologia 50(6) : 393-400. Notes on Begoniaceae — V Lyman B. Smith and Dieter C. Wasshausen Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. BEGONIA gehrigeri L. B. Smith, Phytologia 27: 2l4, pi. 4. 1973 = trapa L. B. Smith & B. G. Schubert, Contr. Gray Herb. 154: 26, pi. 1 . 1945. Venezuela. In publishing gehrigeri Smith distinguished it from trapa because of its oblique leaf- blades. We know now that straight and oblique leaf -blades can occur on the same plant and that the important characters in Section Casparya are those of the ovary or capsule and in their appendages. scabridoidea L. B. Smith & D. C. Wasshausen, scabrida sensu J. D. Hooker, Bot. Mag. 120: pi. 7347- 1894, non A. de Candolle in de Candolle, Prodr. 15, pt. 1: 367- 1864. The name scabridoidea was legally published in Phytologia 52 : 445 • 1983, but was improperly distinguished from scabrida. The plate shows a straight leaf-blade but the description says: "foliis oblique ovato- v. rotundato-cordatis . " Thus the true distinction for scabridoidea is its deeply cordate leaf -base where that of scabrida is slightly if at all indented. trapa L. B. Smith & B. G. Schubert var. pilosa L. B. Smith & D. C. Wasshausen, var . nov. A var. trapa planta pilis pallidis obtecta, inflorescentiae bracteis suborbicularibus rubris persistentibus differt. The capsules like those of the typical variety. zenkerana L. B. Smith & D. C. Wasshausen, nom. nov. = zenkeri Irmscher, Bot. Jahrb . Syst. 8l : 183* 19&1, non Warburg ex Exell in J. Bot. 67: 197- 1929- 16 CALYMPERES NYMAN 1 1 (FL.) REESE, A NEW COMBINATION BASED ON SYRRHOPODON NYMAN I I FL. William D. Reese University of Southwestern Louisiana, Lafayette, LA 70504 The name Syrrhopodon nymanii ("-i") was published by Fleischer in 1904 for a new species of moss he described from Java, and has apparently been more or less ignored since then. However, it was published recently (and incorrectly) as a synonym of jS. gardneri (Hook.) Schwaegr. (Tixier 1978, p. 1006), perhaps based on misinterpretation of Fleischer's Figure 31, that included j>. gardneri as well as S^. nymanii. In any event, the moss described by Fleischer as S^. nymanii is quite distinct in its own right and bears no relationship to j>. gardneri except that they are both in the same family. The sole specimen that Fleischer had on hand when he described his new species was sterile, so that it was not possible to determine definitely that it represented Syrrhopodon or the closely related genus Calymperes. However, Fleischer did not hesitate to assign the species to Syrrhopodon: ("Ungeachtet der, wie bei Calymperes ausgebildeten Teniolen, ist diese Pflanze wohl ein Syrrhopodon ... ."), even though he recognized that the plants had at least one Calymperes- type feature. He was especially impressed, as indicating a relationship with Syrrhopodon, by the elongate hyaline cells borne on the margins of some leaves in his new species. Such marginal cells are very well illustrated in Fleischer's excellent and diagnostic illustration of his JS. nymanii; however they are not always developed and in some leaves, or even in entire collections, they may be very scarce or even lacking. Recently, while I was reviewing specimens of austral Calymperaceae , I found a specimen of Fleischer's JS. nymanii housed in the New York Botanical Garden (Malay Peninsula: State of Perak, 777, Lumut Diuching [?], March 1899, Ridley [ ? ] ) that bore the characteristic sporophytes of Calymperes , in which the capsule lacks a peristome and is enclosed in a persistent perforate calyptra clasping the seta below the capsule. None of the other specimens of this moss that I have seen have included sporophytes, but this is not unusual among the mostly dioicous members of this family. Thus this species can be properly placed in Calymperes . I have also noted three other names that are later synonyms of C. nymanii, as shown below. Calymperes nymanii (FI.) Reese, comb. nov. Basionym: Syrrhopodon nymanii FI., Musci Flora Buitenzorg 1: 213. 1904. Type: Java. Leiosolo, Palabuan, Sud kiiste, leg. Nyman (FH; isotype, L) . 17 18 PHYTOLOGIA Vol . 56, No. 1 Calmyperes kanakense Par., Rev. Bryol. 35: 50. 1908. TYPE: New Caledonia: Col d'annieu dans la Chaine Centrale, fevrier 1907. Le Rat (isosyntype, SP ! ) . Syn. nov. Calymperes sublaevif olium Par. ex Broth., Nat. Pf lanzenfam. , ed. 2, 10: 240. 1924. TYPE: New Caledonia: C. sublaevif olium Par. (isotype, SP!). Syn. nov. Calymperes albo-limbatim Dix. , Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales 55: 274. 1930. TYPE: Fiji, Vanua Levu, Labasa, on rotten wood, in mountains; June 1923; Greenwood 483 (BM!). Syn. nov. Plants of C^. nymanii are mostly very small and delicate, often glossy, and immediately recognizable by their strongly dimorphic leaves, some of which bear rather delicate, elongate hyaline marginal cells, mostly toward the bases. Plants of CL nymanii most closely resemble those of CL cougiense Besch., also with strongly dimorphic leaves, but leaves of the latter lack elongate marginal cells and do have well-developed teniolae instead. In both £. nymanii and CL cougiense , the strongly modified, ± elaminate gemmiferous leaves bear their gemmae right on the top of the bluntly enlarged apex, rather than ventrally on the leaf tip as in _C. dozyanum, for which CL nymanii has been mistaken. I have seen specimens of CL nymanii from Thailand; Malaysia, Perak; Borneo; Bangka Island; Java; Papua, New Guinea; Irian Jaya; Australia, Queensland; Fiji: Viti Levu, Vanua Levu; New Caledonia; and the Solomon Islands, San Cristobal. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I thank the curators of the following herbaria for making specimens available to me: BM, FH, H, L, NY, SP, U; I also thank D. H. Norris for allowing me to study his important collections of Calymperaceae from austral regions, and H. Mohamed for valuable discussions . Literature Cited Fleischer, M. 1904. Die musci der Flora von Buitenzorg. Vol. 1. Leiden. Tixier, P. 1978. Le genre Syrrhopodon Schwaegr. (Calymperaceae) en Indo Malaisie. Nova Hedwigia 29: 957- 1023. NEOTROPICAL MYRSINACEAE — XII Cyrus Longworth Lundell Director, Plant Sciences Laboratory The University of Texas at Dallas Richardson, Texas 75083-0688 AMATLANIA Lundell, Wrightia 7: 38. 1982 AMATLANIA ELLIPTICA Lundell, sp . nov. — Arbor, 6 m. alta; ramuli minute puberuli; folia glabra, petiolata, petiolo 2 — 3 cm. longo, marginato; lamina chartacea, minute crenulata, elliptica vel obovato-elliptica, 10 — 18 cm. longa, 5 — 10.5 cm. lata, apice subabrupte acuminata, basi acuta, punctata; inflo- rescentia terminalis, sessilis, late paniculata, pyramidalis, ad 11 cm. longa et lata, basi minute puberula; flores 5-meri, corymbosi; pedicelli 2.5 — 4 mm. longi; sepala oblongo- lanceolata, 1 — 1.4 mm. longa, apice obtusa, ciliolata, hyalina, medio dense punctata; ovarium glabrum, punctatum; stylo ca. 3 mm. longo. Mexico: Oaxaca, Municipio Comaltepec, km. 149 carr. Tuxtepec, Sierra Juarez, Puerto Eligio, alt. 800 nu , June 17, 1966, Gpe. Martinez C. 884 (holotype, XAL) , arbol perenne de 6 m. de alto, flor amarilla. Related to A. Schippii (Standi.) Lundell, it differs in its shorter pedicels and smaller flowers. The sepals are scarcely half as large in A. elliptica, oblongish and obtuse or rounded. The sepals of A. Schippii are acuminate and conspicuously ciliate. The indument of A. elliptica is so minute that it is difficult to distinguish, and all parts are reddish. AURICULARDISIA Lundell, Phytologia 49: 341. 1981 AURICULARDISIA SQUAMATA Lundell, sp. nov. — Frutex, ad 25 cm.; ramuli furfuracei; folia subchar tacea vel membranacea, supra glabra, subtus furfuracea, punctata, petiolata vel sub- sessilifolia, petiolo ad 4 mm. longo, marginato; lamina oblanceo- lata, 6 — 17 cm. longa, 2 — 5 cm. lata, apice acuta vel subacumi¬ nata, basi attenuata, integra; inf lorescentia squamata, terminalis, parva, paniculata, ad 3 cm. longa; flores 5-meri, corymbosi, furfuracei; pedicelli furfuracei, 4 — 6 mm. longi; sepala 5, asymmetrica, furfuracea, nigropunctata , late ovata vel suborbicularia , 1 — 1.2 mm. longa, hyalina, auriculato-f imbriata; corolla glabra, purpurea, ca. 3 mm. longa, nigropunctata; petala basi connata, elliptica, ca. 2.5 mm. longa, apiculata; stamina ca. 2 mm. longa; filamenta crassa, ca. 0.5 mm. longa; 19 20 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 1 antherae crassae, ovato-ellipticae , ca. 1.8 ram. longae, apice rotundatae, apiculatae; ovarium glabrum, punctatum; ovula 9 vel 10, uniseriata. Costa Rica: Prov. Heredia, original forest near the Rio Puerto Viejo, about 2 km. upstream from the confluence with Rio Sarapiqui, alt. 100 m. , June 14 — 17, 1968, William C. Burger & Robert G. Stolze 5853 (holotype, F), small plant on forest floor, perianth purple, anthers yellow. Two additional collec¬ tions, Paul A. Opler 188 (F) and 332 (F) , from the same general area, are referable here. This is one of the most unusual species of the Myrsinaceae in Mesoamerica. A subshrub up to 12 inches tall, its inflo¬ rescences are borne at the apex of long slender apparently axillary branches (peduncles) up to 10 cm. long which are foliaceous with reduced leaves at the apex below the small terminal panicles. These small sessile panicles consist of 3 or more stalked corymbs, all furfuraceous . The flowers are very small, with the purple corolla glabrous and short-tubular at base at the apex of which the filaments are attached. The sepals are asymmetrical and f imbriate-auriculate on the over¬ lapped edges, typical of the genus Auriculardisia. The plants appear to be rhizomatous. ICACOREA Aubl., PI. Guian. 2: Suppl. 1. 1775 ICACOREA ACUMINATA (Willd.) Lundell, comb. nov. Ardisia acuminata Willd., Sp. PI. I. 1062. 1797. ICACOREA ANGUSTIFOLIA (Mez) Lundell, comb. nov. Ardisia angustifolia Mez, Pf lanzenreich IV. 236: 94. 1902. ICACOREA BRASILIENSIS (Spreng.) Lundell, comb. nov. Ardisia brasiliensis Spreng., Systema I. 662. 1825. ICACOREA HAMILTONII (A. DC.) Lundell, comb. nov. Ardisia Hamiltonii A. DC. , Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 126. 1834. ICACOREA REFLEXA Lundell, sp. nov. — Frutex, 3.5 m. ; ramuli minute et dense lepidoti; folia parva, coriacea, supra glabra, subtus novella parce lepidota, petiolata, petiolo anguste marginato, 2 — 5 mm. longo; lamina coriacea, punctata, anguste elliptica vel lanceolata, 2.5 — 5.6 cm. longa, 1.2 — 2.2 cm. lata, apice abrupte acuminata, acumine obtusiusculo , basi acuta; inf lorescentia parva, terminalis, subsessilis, tenuis, minute et dense lepidota, paniculata, ad 5 cm. longa; flores 5- meri, corymbosi; pedicelli 2.5 — 4.5 mm. longi; sepala coriacea, late ovata, 1 — 1.2 mm. longa, apice rotundata vel acutiuscula, margine hyalina, medio dense punctata, reflexa, effusa, vel 1984 Lundell, Neotropical Mt/Ai-tnac&ze. 21 erecta; alabastrum glabrum, paucipunctatum ad 5.5 mm. longum, obtusum; stamina ca. 5 mm. longa; filamenta ca. 1.4 mm. longa; antherae lanceolatae, 4 mm. longae, apice birimosae; ovarium glabrum; stylo ca. 4.5 mm. longo; ovula 10, pluriseriata. Panama: Province of Chiriqui, path from Linarea farm ca. 1400 m. to top of Cerro Hornito at 1730 m. , Dec. 27, 1977, J. _P. Folsom, R. Dressier & R.. Channell 7257 (holotype, LL) , 3 m. shrub, buds pink-white. Unfortunately only mature flower buds are available and measurements were made from these. The most unusual feature of this small-leaved taxon is that the small depressed-ovate coriaceous sepals are often reflexed. The stamens of I_. ref lexa resemble those of _I. rigidifolia (Lundell) Lundell in having short filaments, and in having large and similar lanceolate anthers. These are rugose and dry blackish after anthesis. In bud the anthers of I.. ref lexa are smooth and show no discolora¬ tion. There are only 10 pluriseriate ovules in I_. ref lexa compared with 17 to 19 in _I. rigidifolia . The various other small-leaved species of Icacorea in the mountains of Panama and Costa Rica have a superficial resem¬ blance but they differ in significant morphological character¬ istics. This probably will not keep "lumpers" from placing them all under one name. PARATHESIS (A. DC.) Hooker f., Bentham & Hooker f . , Gen. 2: 645. 1876 PARATHESIS CUSPIDATA Lundell, sp . nov. — Frutex; ramuli gracillimi, minute et peradpresse tomentelli; folia glabrata, petiolata, petiolo ad 1.3 cm. longo, canaliculato; lamina mem- branacea, elliptica vel oblanceolato-elliptica, 10 — 13.5 cm. longa, 3.5 — 4.5 cm. lata, apice subabrupte acuminata, basi acuta, integra, punctata; inf lorescentia axillaris, paniculata, ad 12 cm. longa, longe pedunculata, glabra vel subglabra; flores corymbosi, 5-meri; pedicelli 5 — 8 mm. longi; sepala ad 3 mm. longa, basi connata, glabra, triangulata, cuspidata, aurantiaco- punctata; corolla ca. 8 ram. longa; sepala basi connata, auguste triangulata, attenuato-acuminata , lineato-punctata , aurantiaca, intus villosa; stamina ca. 5 mm. longa; filamenta crassa, ca. 2 mm. longa; antherae anguste lanceolato-triangulatae , ca. 4 mm. longae, cuspidatae, dorso dense aurantiaco-punctatae ; ovarium parce puberulum; ovula 8, parva; stylo ca. 6 mm. longo. Mexico: Oaxaca, Comaltepec, Ixtlan, Vista Hermosa, elev. 4500 ft., May 1, 1972, T. MacDougall H411 (holotype, F) , shrub, white flowers. The large glabrous calyx with firm cuspidate sepals, the very thick filaments, and the large cuspidate anthers densely 22 PHYTOLOGIA Vol . 56, No. 1 orange-punctate to apex are very distinctive features setting the taxon apart in Mesoamerica. PARATHESIS IMPLEXA Lundell, sp. nov. — Arbor parva, 4 m. ; ramuli crassiusculi , minute ferrugineo-tomentelli; folia gla- brata, parce punctata, pallida, petiolata, petiolo 1 — 1.2 cm. longo; lamina subcoriacea, elliptica vel oblanceolato-elliptica, 10 — 12.5 cm. longa, 3.5 — 5 cm. lata, apice subabrupte acuminata, basi acuminata, subintegra; inf lorescentia axillaris, panicu- lata, ad 10.5 cm. longa, gracilis, longe pedunculata, glabrata; flores 5-meri, corymbosi, minute ferrugineo-tomentelli; pedi- celli graciles, 7 — 12 mm. longi; sepala subcoriacea, triangu- lata, ca. 1.5 mm. longa, obtusiuscula, rubro-punctata; corolla ca. 6 mm. longa; petala basi connata, anguste triangulata, obtusiuscula, rubro-lineato-punctata, intus villosa; stamina 3 — 3.4 mm. longa; filamenta crassiuscula , ca. 1.4 mm. longa; antherae lanceolatae, ca. 2.5 mm. longae , apiculatae, dorso anguste nigropunctatae ; ovarium minute et dense tomentellum; stylo basi puberulo; ovula 7, uniseriata. Costa Rica: Cordillera de Tilaran, Reserva, Vert. Pacifico, en bosque primario cerca de Divis, elev. 1520 — 1580 m. , June 21, 1976, V. J^. Dryer 316 (holotype, F), flores rosadas. The minute, dense, matted tomentum covering the upper two thirds of the ovary is noteworthy, whence the name of the taxon. Its affinity is to P. glabra Donn. Sm. which is quite similar in appearance, but with essentially glabrous ovary. PARATHESIS KALLUNKII Lundell, sp. nov. — Arbor, 5 m. ; ramuli peradpresse ferrugineo-tomentelli; folia petiolata, petiolo 1 — 1.5 cm. longo, canaliculato; lamina crenulata, sub¬ coriacea, pallida, perpunctata, anguste elliptica vel oblanceo- lata, 6.5 — 11 cm. longa, 2 — 3.7 cm. lata, apice acuta vel sub¬ acuminata, basi acuminata vel subacuminata, novella peradpresse ferrugineo-tomentella, glabrata; inf lorescentia axillaris, paniculata, ad 11 cm. longa, tenuis, longe pedunculata, pauci- flora, novella minute tomentella, glabrata; flores 5-meri, minute ferrugineo-tomentelli; pedicelli 4 — 6 mm. longi; sepala lanceolata, acuminata ca. 1.6 mm. longa; corolla ca. 5 mm. longa, petala lanceolata, basi ca. 1.2 mm. lata, dense rubro- lineato-punctata, intus villosa; stamina ca. 3 mm. longa; filamenta ca. 1.5 mm. longa; antherae ovatae, ca. 1.5 mm. longae, basi sagittatae, apice acutiusculae , dorso nigropunctatae; ovarium glabrum; ovula parvissima, ca. 4; fructus dense punctatus. Panama: Province of Chiriqui, Cerro Punta, 2.5 km. SE of town, along trail in remnant oak forest, April 20, 1975, jS. Mori J^. Kallunki 5646 (holotype, LL; isotype, MO), tree, 5 m. tall, corolla pink, anthers yellow. 1984 Lundell, Neotropical Mt/AAx.t'W.Cda.e. 23 Related to P. montana Lundell of Darien, a species that differs in its larger thinner entire leaves, sparser indument, smaller anthers with fewer dorsal glands, and hirtellous apex of ovary and base of style. In Kallunkii the thicker smaller leaves are crenulate and densely black punctate. The ovary of P. Kallunkii is glabrous. PARATHESIS LINEATA Lundell, sp. nov. — Arbor parva, ca. 4 m. alta; ramuli graciles, minute peradpresse ferrugineo- tomentelli, glabrati; folia glabrata, parva, longe petiolata, petiolo 1 — 1.7 cm. longo; lamina membranacea, anguste elliptica vel lanceolata, 5 — 9 cm. longa, 2 — 3.8 cm. lata, apice obtusius- cula vel subabrupte obtusiuscula , basi acuminata, integra, lineato-nigropunctata; inf lorescentia axillaris, gracilis, paniculata, 5 — 10 cm. longa, longe pedunculata, parce et minute puberuli; f lores 5-meri, corymbosi, minute puberuli; pedicelli 4 — 8 mm. longi; sepala anguste triangulata, 1.4 — 1.7 mm. longa, acuminata, nigropunctata; corolla ad 6.2 mm. longa, nigro-lineata; petala basi connata, lineari-lanceolata , ad 1.5 mm. lata, intus supra villosa; stamina ca. 3 mm. longa; fila- menta gracilis, ca. 1.5 mm. longa; antherae lanceolatae, dorso anguste nigropunctatae , acutiusculae ; ovarium glabrum; ovula 6 vel 7, uniseriata; fructus parvus, subglobosus. Costa Rica: San Jose, forests of Tablazo, out from Higuito, near San Miguel near San Jose, ca. 5300 ft., April 29, 1966, James W. Walker 415 (holotype, US), tree ca. 12 ft. tall, flowers cream-pink, fruits red and then black. PARATHESIS LUNATA Lundell, sp. nov. — Arbor, 12 m. alta, 40 cm. diam. ; ramuli crassiusculi , dense et minute tomentelli; folia parva, petiolata, petiolo 6 — 10 mm. longo, canaliculato; lamina chartacea, supra glabra, subtus novella minute tomentella, punctata, oblonga, ad 9.5 cm. longa, 2.5 cm. lata, apice acuminata, basi acuta, venosa, margine crenulata; inf lorescentia axillaris, anguste paniculata, 3 — 7 cm. longa, pedunculata, minute adpresse tomentella; f lores 5-meri, corymbosi; pedicelli 4 — 7 mm. longi; sepala anguste triangulata, ad 1.2 mm. longa, acuminata, punctata; corolla ca. 4 mm. longa, petala basi con¬ nata, intus villosa, extus glabrata, lineato-punctata; stamina ca. 3.4 mm. longa; filamenta crassa, ca. 1.2 mm. longa; antherae ca. 2.3 mm. longae, basi sagittatae, apice acutae, dorso basi minute nigropunctatae vel raro epunctatae; ovarium minute tomentellum; ovula parva, 10. Mexico: Chiapas, Saxchanal, Sierra Madre, in cloud forest, alt. 2000 m. , May 12, 1948, Eizi Matuda 17810 (holotype, F) , a tree, 12 m. tall, 40 cm. diam. Apparently related to Parathesis subulata Lundell, a poorly known taxon of Chiapas and Guatemala, which was described from a fruiting specimen. 24 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 1 The anthers of _P. lunata are crescent shaped in side view, whence the name. PARATHESIS MINUTIFLORA Lundell, sp . nov. — Frutex; ramuli obscure tomentelli, glabrati; folia glabrata, longe petiolata, petiolo anguste marginato, 1 — 3 cm. longo; lamina membranacea, punctata, crenulata, elliptica vel obovata, 9 — 15 cm. longa, 5 — 7 cm. lata, apice abrupte acuminata, basi acuminata; inflo- rescentia axillaris, laxa, paniculata, tenuis, pauciflora, ad 25 cm. longa, glabrata; flores 5-meri, umbellati; pedicelli 4 — 6 mm. longi; sepala minuta, ad 0.6 mm. longa, anguste triangulata, acuta, nigropunctata; corolla ca. 3 mm. longa; petala basi connata, anguste lanceolata, lineata, intus villosa; filamenta ca. 0.5 mm. longa; antherae lanceolatae, ca. 1 mm. longae , epunctatae; ovarium glabrum; stylo 3 mm. longo, basi puberulo; ovula 5, uniseriata. Mexico: Oaxaca, 8 km. S of Vista Hermosa, moist lower cloud forest, elev. 3200 m. , July 3, 1981, William Hahn 632 (holotype, LL) . One of the most distinctive taxa in the genus Parathesis , the species was collected at an altitude of 3200 meters. Its minute umbellate flowers, only one available with petals and stamens, has sepals not much over one-half millimeter long, and very slender pedicels. The taxon has affinity to P. melanosticta (Schlecht.) Hemsl., but the relationship is remote. PARATHESIS MIRANDAE Lundell, sp. nov. — Arbor, 4 m. ; ramuli gracillimi, rubiginoso, stellato-tomentelli; folia longe petiolata, petiolo 1 — 2 cm. longo, canaliculato , subtus tomen- tello; lamina membranacea, oblanceolata, 10 — 18 cm. longa, 3 — 5 cm. lata, apice subabrupte acuminata, basi attenuato-acuminata , crenulata, subtus novella adpresse stellato-tomentella , glabrata, supra glabra, minute punctata; inf lorescentia axil¬ laris, paniculata, ad 14 cm. longa, minute tomentella; flores 5- meri, corymbosi; pedicelli graciles, 4 — 8 mm. longi; sepala punctata, anguste triangulata, ca. 1.2 mm. longa, acuminata, tomentella; corolla ca. 6 mm. longa, minute tomentella; petala angusta, lineata, intus minute villosa; stamina ca. 4 mm. longa; filamenta ca. 1.7 mm. longa; antherae lanceolatae, 2.7 — 3 mm. longae, apiculatae, dor so nigropunctatae; ovarium basi glabrum; stylo basi minute stellato-tomentello; ovula 7. Mexico: Chiapas, Cerca de Santa Maria del Rio Mixcun (Cacahuatan) , hacia 600 m. de alt., en selva alta secundaria, Dec. 4, 1941, Faustino Miranda 1809 (holotype, US), arbolito de unos 4 m. The inflorescence appears to be terminal, but the panicles are axillary with the upper leaves reduced to bracts. The species is dedicated to the memory of Faustino Miranda, eminent botanist and student of the Mexican flora. 1984 Lundell, Neotropical Mt/A.itj'uzcgne 25 PARATHESIS OROANA Lundell, sp. nov. — Arbor, ca. 9 m. ; ramuli minute adpresse tomentelli; folia membranacea, supra glabra, subtus parce adpresse stellato-pubescentia , glabrata, anguste petiolata, petiolo canaliculato , 1 — 1.5 cm. longo; lamina integra, punctata, obovata vel elliptico-obovata , 10 — 16 cm. longa, 4 — 6.5 cm. lata, apice abrupte acuminata, acumine acuto, basi attenuato-acuminata ; inf lorescentia axillaris, paniculata, tenuis, pedunculata, 6.5 — 14 cm. longa, multiflora, minute tomentella; f lores 5-meri, subcorymbosi vel umbellato- corymbosi; pedicelli minute puberuli, 4 — 5 mm. longi; sepala parva, anguste triangulata, 1.2 — 1.4 mm. longa, subulata, minute puberula, punctata; corolla ca. 6 mm. longa; petala basi connata, anguste triangulata, ca. 5.5 mm. longa, rubro-lineato- punctata, intus villosa; stamina ca. 2.4 mm. longa; filamenta ca. 1 mm. longa; antherae lanceolatae, ad 1.5 mm. longae, acutae, dorso minute et parce nigropunctatae ; ovarium apice vestitum; stylo ca. 5 mm. longo, basi parce puberulo; ovula 9, uniseriata. Mexico: Chiapas, Municipio of Cintalapa, ridge with Montane Rain Forest - Pine - Oak - Liquidambar forest with Ulmus , Zinowiewia , Weinmannia and Styrax , southeast of Cerro Baul on the border of the state of Oaxaca, 16 km. northwest of Rizo de Oro along a logging road to Colonia Figaroa, elev. 1600 m. , April 27, 1972, ID. EL Breedlove 24910 (holotype, Dudley Herbarium), tree 30 ft. tall, flowers pink. _P. oroana is closely related to _P. cintalapana Lundell, a species with glabrous ovary and fewer ovules, and to P. tonana Lundell, also of Chiapas. PARATHESIS TOMENTOSA Lundell, Wrightia 3: 74. 1963. Guatemala: indefinite, Los Andes to Entre Rios, March 1, 1926, J>. _J. Record G.44 (holotype, US; isotype, Y) , small tree. Dept. Izabal: vicinity Lago Izabal, NW of Lake Izabal, elev. 400 — 500 m. , May 8, 1966, Gayle (5. Jones Lynden Facey 3299 (LL, NY), tree 8 m. , mature fruits reddish green. Mexico: without locality, Plantae mexicanae Liebmann, 1841—1843, F. M. Liebmann 15345 (F, US), 15346 (F) . Flowers of this taxon are unknown except for fragments in the holotype. That the Liebmann collections are referable here is based on a study of fruiting material. Until flowers are collected questions will remain as to the identification of the Mexican collections cited! Associated collections of Liebmann (no. 15349) came from the vicinity of Tontalcingo, Veracruz. If the numbering has any significance, we can record his collections of P_. tomentosa from this locality, a great extension of range, but not improbable. PARATHESIS TONANA Lundell, sp. nov. — Frutex, ca. 3 m. ; ramuli peradpresse tomentelli; folia membranacea, glabra, petio¬ lata, petiolo canaliculato, 1 — 1.5 cm. longo; lamina dense 26 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 1 nigropunctata, subintegra vel minute crenulata, oblongo- lanceolata, 8 — 16 cm. longa, 3 — 5.5 cm. lata, apice acuminata, basi acuta; inf lorescentia axillaris, parce adpresse tomentella, glabrata, paniculata, ad 18 cm. longa, longe pedunculata, tenuis, multiflora; flores 5-meri, subcorymbosi ; pedicelli 5 — 7 mm. longi, minute puberuli; sepala parva, ovato-triangulata, 1 — 1.2 mm. longa, minute puberula, parce rubro-punctata; corolla ca. 5 mm. longa; petala anguste lanceolata, lineato-punctata, basi connata, intus villosa; stamina ca. 2.5 mm. longa; fila- menta ca. 1.5 mm. longa; antherae ovato-lanceolatae, ca. 2 mm. longae, apiculatae, dorso minute et parce nigropunctatae ; ovarium minute tomentellum; ovula 8, uniseriata; stylo ca. 4 mm. longo, basi puberulo. Mexico: Chiapas, Municipio of San Andres Larrainzar, steep slope, evergreen cloud forest near summit of Chuchil Ton, north¬ east of Bochil, elev. 2700 m. , May 1, 1973, D. _E. Breedlove 34640 (holotype, Dudley Herbarium), shrub 10 ft. tall, flowers white. In the complex of taxa with axillary inflorescences to which P_. tonana belongs, there are a score or more of closely related species which occupy altitudinal niches mostly in the mountains of Chiapas. Oaxaca and Veracruz. P. tonana is nearest P. cintalapana Lundell. PARATHESIS VILLALOBOSII Lundell, Wrightia 7: 249. 1983. Mexico: Veracruz, Municipio Minatitlan, 12 km. al NE de Uxpanapa, Poblado 12, sobre camino a Diaz Ordaz, loma al SO de Diaz Ordaz y al NO del Poblado 13, elev. 200 m. , March 14, 1982, Tom Wendt , A. Villalobos CL ^ I. Navarrete 3698 (LL) , arbolito de 3 m. , poco ramificado; same locality, May 13, 1983, Wendt et al. 4056 (LL) , arbolito de 3 — 5 m. , petalos rosados muy palidos o rosados subidos, filamentos verdes, anteras amarillas con conectivos rojo-pardos abaxialmente ; lomas al SO de La Garganta, 5.8 km. al 0 de Uxpanapa, Poblado 12, en los cerritos que forman el extremo NE de la Sierra de La Garganta, elev. 200 m. , May 18, 1983, Wendt et al. 4125 (LL) , arbolito de 4m., corolla rosada. The leaves of these fine collections are whitish beneath and bizonal, the latter a peculiarity of most species of the genus. All the collections were made in the same municipality as the type of P_. Villalobosii. PARATHESIS VIRIDIS Lundell, sp. nov. — Arbor parva, 2.5 m. alta, ramulis tenuis, glabris; folia glabra, viridis, nigro¬ punctata, petiolata, petiolo marginato, 5 — 13 mm. longo; lamina laevis, chartacea vel subcoriacea, anguste oblongo-lanceolata, 10.5 — 18 cm. longa, 4 — 5.4 cm. lata, apice acuminata, basi rotundata et acutiuscula, integra; inf lorescentia terminalis tenuis, glabra, paniculata, ad 8 cm. longa et lata; flores 1984 Lundell, Neotropical Mt/44'Cna.Cfcae. 27 corymbosi, 5-meri, parvissimi; pedicelli erecti, 3.5 — 6 mm. longi, parce et minute puberuli; sepala basi paullo imbricata, parvissima, ovato-elliptica vel rotundata, ca. 0.75 mm. longa, apice rotundata, minute et parce ciliolata, medio parce rubro- punctata; ovarium glabrum, apice parce puberulum; stylo ca. 2.5 mm. longo, basi parce puberulo; ovula 5, uniseriata. Venezuela: Terr. Fed. Amazonas, seasonally flooded forest, 0 — 1 km. S of San Carlos de Rio Negro, alt. 120 m. , Feb. 4, 1980, Ronald Liesner 9046 (holotype, MO), 2.5 m. tree. The smooth narrow leaves, dark green even when dried, and the glabrous inflorescence with short peduncle and very slender rachis and branches, together with the small flowers not over three millimeters long are features of note. The rounded reddish-punctate sepals are united at base where they overlap inconspicuously. The dispersed glands of the leaves are larger than usual in the genus. In the absence of flowers at anthesis the relationship of the taxon is doubtful. It is unique in the genus. STUDIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS — XXI Cyrus Longworth Lundell Director, Plant Sciences Laboratory The University of Texas at Dallas Richardson, Texas 75083-0688 CELASTRACEAE MAYTENUS WENDTII Lundell, sp. nov. — Arbor parva, ad 5 m. alta, 8 cm. diam. , omnino glabra; folia alterna, magna, petiolata petiolo 5 — 7 mm. longo, canaliculato ; lamina subcoriacea, elliptica vel lanceolato-elliptica, 14 — 28 cm. longa, 7 — 11 cm. lata, apice subabrupte acuminata, basi rotundata et acutiuscula, integra, viridis; inf lorescentia axillaris, aggregata, multiflora glabra; flores 5-meri; pedicelli 3 — 4, raro ad 6 mm. longi; sepal coriacea, late rotundata, 1.4 — 1.6 mm. lata, 0.5 — 0.7 mm. longa, parce ruf o-ciliolata ; petala crassa, late ovata, ca. 1.8 mm. longa et lata, apice rotundata; discus rotundatus, crassus, ca. 3 mm. diam. ; filamenta reflexa, ca. 1 mm. longa; antherae late ovatae, ca. 0.5 mm. longae; pedicelli fructiferi crassi; capsula obovata, ca. 1.7 cm. longa. Mexico: Oaxaca, Municipio Sta. Maria Chimalapa, Arroyo Chocolin, poblacion de Nicolas Bravo, cerca del Rancho de Agustin Montero, ca. 3 — 4 km. al S de la poblacion de Rio Alegre (Veracruz) , selva alta perennifolia con Dialium, Calophyllum, Symphonia, etc., cerco del arroyo, elev. 150 m. , Oct. 21, 1983, Tom Wendt , A. Montero H. I. Almaraz G. 4240 (holotype, LL) , arbolito 5 m. , 8 cm. diam., flores verde palidas, frutos anaranjado brillantes, bivalvados, arilo bianco, entero, ligeramente dulce-y-amargo . Oaxaca, Municipio Matias Romero, lomas al E de Arroyo Amaca, al N del Rio Verde, 9.5 km. por camino al SE de Aserradero La Floresta, ca. 21.5 km. al S de Esmeralda, lomas con suelos profundos, selva perennifolia, elev. 400 m. , May 22, 1981, Tom Wendt, A. Villalobos , I. Navarrete & J_. Anguiana 3286 (paratype, LL) , arbolita de 2.5 m. , pendiente en selva, flores amarillas. Unusual in having large elliptic dark green leaves up to nearly one foot in length, and large 2-celled capsules with white aril, this is the most distinctive species of Maytenus in Mesoamerica. It is a pleasure to dedicate it to Dr. Tom Wendt who has discovered so many fine new taxa in his exploration of southern Mexico. Since the species was collected on the border of Veracruz (Wendt et al. 4240) , it should be considered one of the Celastraceae of that state. 28 1984 Lundell, Studies of American plants 29 VIOLACEAE ORTHION GUATEMALENSE Lundell, sp. nov. — Arbor, ad 20 m. alta, omnino glabra; ramuli crassiusculi ; folia alterna, petiolata, petiolo 6 — 10 mm. longo; lamina chartacea, anguste oblongo-elliptica , lineari-oblanceolata vel oblanceolata 12 — 16 cm. longa, 2.5 — 6.5 cm. lata, apice longe caudata, attenuata vel acuminata, acumine acutiuscula, basi acuta vel decurrens, margine remote adpresso-serrata ; flores albi, cymosi, cymis ad 9 cm. longis, longipedunculatis axillaribus et al apice ramorum dense pseudo-umbellatis ; pedicelli ca. 2 mm. longi; sepala late ovata, ca. 1 mm. longa; petala 2 — 2.5 mm. longa. Guatemala: Dept. Izabal, bordering Rio Cienaga, in zapotal at Cienaga, on the Izabal-Peten road, March 4, 1975, C^. L. Lundell & Elias Contreras 19043 (holotype, LL) , tree, 40 ft. high, 8 in. diam. , flowers whitish; El Estor, in high forest, March 18, 1972, Contreras 11373 (LL) , tree, 60 ft. high, 15 in. diam., flowers white. This is the species which has been confused with (). oblanceolatum Lundell. It has been collected in the rain forest of the Department of Izabal, as well as downstream from Sebol in Alta Verapaz. The long caudate-acuminate apex of the leaves distinguishes it from (D. oblanceolatum. ORTHION MALPIGHIIFOLIUM (Standi.) Standi. & Steyerm. , Field Mus. Bot. 22: 250. 1940. Hybanthus malpighiif olius Standi., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 461: 73. 1935. Guatemala: Dept, of Peten, Camp 32 on the Guatemala (Peten)- British Honduras boundary, on hillside in forest shade, alt. 2100 ft., March 7, 1934, W. A. Schipp 1278 (holotype, F; isotype, LL) , tree, 10 m. high, 15 cm. diam. Belize: Toledo District, in high ridge, hill slope, near Mauga Camp, Edwards Road, beyond Columbia, March 30, 1948, Percy H. Gentle 6492 (LL) , tree, 5 in. diam., white flowers, bark dark, wood brownish color, hard. Although various collections from Guatemala and southern Mexico have been identified as 0. malpighiif olium, only Gentle 6492 matches the type. So this taxon remains known from only two collections, both from the same rain forest area of southeastern Peten and adjacent Belize. ORTHION MONTANUM Lundell, Wrightia 4: 115. 1969. Mexico: Chiapas, Municipio of Jitotol, steep wooded slope on the bank of the Rio Hondo, 4 miles north of Jitotol on road to Pueblo Nuevo Solistahuacan, elev. 5500 feet, Feb. 12, 1965, I). _E. Breedlove 8959 (holotype, LL) , tree, 40 ft. tall. The small cymes, solitary in the axils of the upper leaves, are similar to those of CL veracruzense Lundell, but the leaves of the two taxa differ. Both are known only from the type collections. 30 PHYTOLOGIA Vol . 56, No. 1 ORTH ION 0BLANCE0LATUM Lundell, Lloydia 4: 54. 1941. Mexico: Chiapas, Rio Salinas, above mouth of Rio Pasion, on riverbank, Feb. 8, 1964, CL L. Lundell 17810 (LL) , tree, 25 ft. high, flowers greenish. Veracruz, Municipio Catemaco, vicin¬ ity of Playa Escondida, 10 km. N of Sontecomapan, evergreen tropical forest, on slopes above Hotel Playa Escondida and the beach, alt. 0 — 150 m. , April 6, 1983, M. Nee 26497 (LL) , tree, 12 m. tall, 35 cm. diam. , immature fruit and inflorescence branches light green. Guatemala: Dept. Peten, in Montana San Simon en la margen del Rio Cancuen, in forest on riverbank, April 17, 1935, Mercedes Aguilar H. 497 (holotype, MICH; isotype, LL) , a tree. The Catemaco collection from Veracruz has smaller but typical leaves with prominent reticulate venation on lower sur¬ face. A short wide obtuse acumen and broad leaves oblanceolate- elliptic or obovate-elliptic serve to distinguish 0. oblanceola- tum. Lundell 17810 from Chiapas matches the type of (). oblanceo- latum, which was collected in Peten (Aguilar 497) , and clearly distinguishes this species with its distinctive leaves, and inflorescences consisting of crowded elongated cymes borne at apex of stems. 0RTHI0N SUBSESSILE (Standi.) Steyerm. & Standi., Field Mus. Pub. Bot. 22: 250. 1940. Hybanthus subsessilis Standi., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 461: 72. 1935. Mexico: Chiapas, Rio Salinas, above Rio Pasion, on river¬ bank, Feb. 8, 1964, C_. L^. Lundell 17819 (LL) , tree, 4 in. diam., 20 ft. high, inflorescence greenish-white; Rio Lacantun, in high forest along bank of river, Feb. 9, 1964, Lundell 17868 (LL) , tree, 4 in. diam., 30 ft. high. Guatemala: Dept, of Peten, Lacandon, in baj o , about 1 km. 700 m. south, March 12, 1962, Elias Contreras 3515 (LL) , tree, 25 ft. high, 8 in. diam. Dept, of Peten, Rio Pasion, ca. 3 km. above Altar de Sacrificios, in high forest on riverbank, Feb. 7, 1964, Lundell 17783 (LL) , tree, 6 in. diam., 20 ft. high. Dept, of Izabal, Jocolo, Rio Perdonales, Harry Johnson 1071 (holotype, F) ; between Cienaga and Seja, on Peten-Guatemala road. May 28, 1971, Contreras 10875 (LL) , tree, 35 ft. high, flowers white; same locality and date, Contreras 10876 (LL) , tree, 40 ft. high, flowers white; same locality and date, Contreras 10877 (LL) , tree, 60 ft. high, 12 in. diam., flowers white; El Estor, in high forest, Contreras 11157 (LL) , tree, 60 ft. high, 15 in. diam., fruit green; El Estor, bordering Lake Izabal, in high forest, about 4 km. west of El Zapotillo, Jan. 29, 1975, C. L. Lundell & Elias Contreras 18894 (LL) , small tree, 30 ft. high, 5 in. diam., flowers pale green. Belize: Toledo District, Bolo Camp, upper reach of Golden Stream, in high ridge, April 5, 1944, Percy H. Gentle 4495 (LL) , tree, 12 in. diam.; Toledo District, in cohune ridge, near creek, 1984 Lundell, Studies of American plants 31 near San Antonio, Jan. 22, 1946, Gentle 5495 (LL) , tree, 9 in. diam. , flowers white. Of the species of Orthion, this is the most distinctive. Its large, thick, subsessile leaves are narrowed, rounded and emarginate at base, and its cymes are up to 20 cm. long with elongated peduncles. All the other species in the genus have distinctly petiolate leaves, with slender petioles, and much shorter cymes. ORTHION VERACRUZENSE Lundell, sp. nov. — Arbor parva, omnino glabra, ramulis gracilibus; folia chartacea, petiolata, petiolo 1 — 1.4 mm. longo; lamina viridis, oblongo-lanceolata vel lanceolata, 8 — 17 cm. longa, 2.5 — 6 cm. lata, apice acuminata, basi acuta vel acutiuscula, margine crenata vel subintegra; flores cymosi, cymis paucifloris longipedunculatis axillaribus, 3 — 6 cm. longis; pedicelli fructiferi 2 — 2.5 mm. longi, crassi; capsula subglobosa, parva, 8 — 10 mm. longa; semina globosa, ca. 4 mm. diam. , laevia. Mexico: Veracruz, Municipio Hidalgotitlan, cenotes 0.3 km. al 0 de La Raya, 6.5 km. al N de la Laguna, sobre camino al Poblado 7, elev. 130 m. , March 30, 1981, Tom Wendt, A. Villalobos £. I. Navarrete 3108 (holotype, LL) , arbolito de 1.5 — 3 m. , frutos verdes; abundante entre piedras en cenote. The small solitary axillary cymes, small capsules, and mostly oblong-lanceolate rather large leaves are distinguishing features. It appears to be related to 0.. montanum Lundell. Excluded Species of Orthion MAYANAEA CAUDATA (Lundell) Lundell, Wrightia 5: 59. 1974. Orthion caudatum Lundell, Wrightia 4: 38. 1968. Guatemala: Dept. Izabal, south shore of Lake Izabal between Izabal and Mariscos, at sea level. May 29, 1966, Gayle C. Jones & Lynden Facey 3512 (holotype, LL) , tree, 8 m. , fruits green; Peten-Guatemala road, in high forest on rocky hill, 6 km. from La Ruidoza, May 20, 1971, Elias Contreras 10790 (LL) , tree, 40 ft. high, 10 in. diam., flowers whitish and lilac-violet; same locality and date, Contreras 10791 (LL) , 10792 (LL) , 10793 (LL) , 10794 (LL) ; El Estor, in high forest, March 21, 1972, Contreras 11442 (LL) , tree, 60 ft. high, 15 in. diam., flowers white. A monotypic genus which is known only from the rain forest of the Department of Izabal in Guatemala. Aside from differences in the inflorescences and flowers, all parts of M. caudata dry blackish in contrast to the pallid or greenish leaves in the genus Orthion. ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS GMELINA. Ill Harold N. Moldenke GMELINA L. Additional bibliography: Hooper, Pharm. Journ. Trans., ser. 3, 22: 573. 1892; Kraemer , Am. Journ. Pharm. 66: 538. 1894; Hubert, Trav. Lab. Mat. Med. Pharm. 13: [Verb. Util. Mat. Me*d.] 3, 96 — 102, & [129], pi. 8, fig. 1--7. 1921; Wise, Murphy, & D'Addieco, Paper Trades Journ. 122: 2 & 35. 1946; Setten, Malay. For. 16: 165--169. 1953; Munir in Morley & Toelken, Flow. PI. Austral. 286--288, fig. 174 b & c. 1983; Mold., Phy- tologia 55: 424—442, 460--499, 507—509, 511, & 512. 1984. GMELINA ARBOREA Roxb. Additional bibliography: Hooper, Pharm. Journ. Trans., ser. 3, 22: 573. 1892; Kraemer, Am. Journ. Pharm. 66: 538. 1894; Hubert, Trav. Lab. Mat. Med. Pharm. 13: [Verb. Util. Mat. M4d.] 96--100 & 192, pi. 8, fig. 4 — 7. 1921; Wise, Murphy, & D'Addieco, Paper Trades Journ. 122: 2 & 35. 1941; Setten, Malay. For. 16: 165 — 169. 1953; Mold., Phytologia 55: 460 — 473, 493, 494, & 497. 1984. Additional illustrations: Hubert, Trav. Lab. Mat. Me'd. Pharm. 13: [Verb. Util. Mat. Me'd.] [97], pi. 8, fig. 4—7. 1921. GMELINA ASIATICA L. Additional bibliography: Hubert, Trav. Lab. Mat. Med. Pharm. 13: [Verb. Util. Mat. Med.] [97] & 101—102, pi. 8, fig. 1 & 2. 1921; Mold., Phytologia 55: 473—497. 1984. Additional illustrations: Hubert, Trav. Lab. Mat. Me'd. Pharm. 13: [Verb. Util. Mat. Med.] [97], pi. 8, fig. 1 & 2. 1921. GMELINA BRASSII Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 55: 499. 1984. Leaf-blade secondaries flat above, prominent beneath; veinlet reticu¬ lation very abundant, flat and not conspicuous above, beautifully pro- minulous to the finest details beneath; inflorescence terminal, to 25 or more cm. long, 2 — 4 cm. wide, erect, racemose or pseudospicate , densely many-flowered, paniculately branched at and toward the base with very short erect branches, the upper flowers arranged in subsessile cymules, densely short-puberulent throughout with brownish hairs, very conspicu¬ ously bracteolate and glanduliferous ; peduncles 3—4.5 cm. long, similar to the upper portion of the branchlets in all respects; sympodia 1--2.7 cm. long, more conspicuous toward the apex of the inflorescence; bract- lets very numerous and conspicuous, elliptic or lanceolate, 5 — 17 mm. long, 1.5--8 mm. wide, tapering to the apex or caudate-acuminate, sessile, tapering to the base or the largest ones basally broadly rounded, densely short-puberulent on both surfaces, usually conspicuously glanduliferous with 1 — 3 large, flat, black glands on the lower surface; pedicels very short, puberulent; calyx densely puberulent, usually also black-glandu- liferous; corolla white, purplish, pale-purple, or yellowish with a 32 1984 Moldenke, Notes on Gr.iejtyund 33 purple lip, sometimes purplish-white with a yellow-crested lip or pale-lilac with darker markings, to 2 cm. long, externally densely appressed-puberulent, the lower lip faintly blue with 2 yellow mar¬ kings; fruit drupaceous, 10 — 14 mm. long and wide, green and blue- tipped when young, enclosed basally by the f ruiting-calyx, black or purple when ripe. This species is based on BKCUii 21915 from a rainforest on lime¬ stone, at 30 m. altitude, at Dabora, on the Cape Vogel peninsula, Milne Bay District, Papua, New Guinea, collected on April 10, 1953, deposited in the herbarium of the Department of Forests at Lae, New Guinea. A recorded vernacular name for the species is "alongaya" and its wood is used for carving drums. A wood sample accompanies CfiO^t i cut. LAE. 68823. Collectors have found this plant growing at the margins of Pan- danui swampy gullies, at the edges of rainforests, behind beach strand, and in disturbed lowland forests, at 17 — 100 m. altitude, in flower in November, and in fruit in June. It is frequent as a minor canopy tree and in the subsidiary layer of rainforests. It has been found in both flower and fruit in March and April. Womersley mistaken ly refers to the flowers as being in "terminal heads". Citations: NEW GUINEA: Papua: BKCL&6 21719 (Ng— 17096) , 21915 (Ng — 17164 — type); L. S. SmiXk 1 298 (Ld, Ng — 6594, Ng — 16969); Wome.K6-tty 8680 (Ng — 16845). Fergusson Island: BKCUf>6 27281 (W--2408550) ; Cfiofat & cut. LAE. 68823 (Mu). Normanby Island: BfiCUi- 5 25383 (W — 2408135); Cno^t i al. LAE. 6887 8 (Mu) . GMEL1NA CH1NENSIS Benth., FI. Hongk. 272. 1861 [not G. chA.ne.nA'tA L. , 1962] . Bibliography: Benth., FI. Hongk. 272. 1861; Maxim., Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Petersb. 3: 81. 1886; Maxim., Mel. Biol. 12: 514. 1886; Oliv. in Hook, f.. Icon. 19: 3, pi. 1874. 1889; Forbes & Hemsl., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 26 [Ind. FI. Sin.. 2]: 257. 1890; Jacks, in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew. , imp. 1, 1: 1039. 1893; Dunn & Tutcher Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. Addit. Ser. 10: 203. 1912; Dop, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 61: 323. 1915; H. Hallier, Meded. Rijks Herb. Leid. 37: 56 & 58. 1918; Chung, Mem. .Sci. Soc. China 1 (1): 227. 1924; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 3: 299. 1930; P'ei, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1 (3): [Verbenac. China] 116 — 117. 1932; Dop, Rev. Internat. Bot. Appliq. Agric. Trop. 13: 896. 1933; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 57, 58, 73, & 93. 1942; Jacks, in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 2, 1: 1039. 1946; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 2, 132, 135, 160, & 186. 1949; Mold., Rdsume 170, 174, 218, & 456. 1959; Jacks, in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 3, 1: 1039. 1960; Mold., Resume Suppl. 3: 19 & 32. 1962; Tingle, Check List Hong Kong PI. 38. 1967; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 289, 292, 294, & 363 (1971) and 2: 879. 1971; Hsiao, FI. Taiwan 6: 12. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 279, 281, 283, 354, & 549. 1980; Raj, Rev. Paleobot. Palyn. 39: 356, 372, & 395. 1983; Mold., Phytologia 55: 330, 335, 468, 493, 494, 498, & 499. 1984. Illustrations: Oliv. in Hook, f.. Icon. 19: pi. 1874. 1861. A low bush or bushy shrub, rarely a small tree, 2--3.2 m. tall, of¬ ten conspicuous on the landscape; branches and branchlets glabrous; 34 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 1 leaves decussate-opposite; petioles 2.5 — 5 cm. long, canaliculate above, pubescent when young, later glabrous; leaf-blades chartaceous, oblong-ovate or ovate to elliptic, 6--14 cm. long, 4.5--5.5 cm. wide, apically acute or acuminate, basally cuneate or subtruncate, margin¬ ally entire, dull-green or dull deep-green and glabrous above, some¬ what (but not conspicuously) bluish-green and minutely farinose be¬ neath, often basally trinerved and occasionally with 2 or 3 glands between the secondaries there; secondaries 3 — 5 per side; inflores¬ cence terminal, paniculate, short and narrow, slightly pubescent or tomentose; bracts foliaceous, small, apically obtuse, caducous; flow¬ ers conspicuous, fragrant; calyx campanulate, 7--8 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, green, persistent, externally glandulose and slightly downy or hoary, internally glabrous, usually with 1 — 3 large (or small) glands, the rim truncate, with 5 distant and minute teeth; corolla large, about 3 cm. long, 2.5 cm. wide at the throat, somewhat bilabiate, only slightly oblique, mostly yellow or orange (at least externally) , internally white or bright-orange, the upper lip often purple, the lower lip orange or red-tinged, externally only minutely whitish- farinose, densely glandulose, internally sparsely so, the tube short, the limb usually 4-lobed, rarely 5-lobed; stamens 4, didynamous, in¬ serted in the corolla-tube; filaments glabrous; anthers divaricate; style apically unequally bilobed, one lobe very minute; ovary 4- celled, externally densely pubescent on the upper portion, glabrous below; fruit obovate, about 2.2 cm. long, 1.5 cm. wide in the upper half, 5 mm. wide near the base. The species is based on an unnumbered Wright collection from the New Territory part of Hong Kong, deposited in the Kew herbarium. The species greatly resembles G. kcuinan-i6 Oliv. in general appearance, but differs in its truncate calyx and ovate-elliptic and less glau¬ cous leaves. Dop (1933) comments on its close resemblance, also, to G. tucomtOA. Dop [now regarded as a synonym of G. KdZQjnO^O. (Lour.) Merr.]: G. chLnZnA-LA being mostly only a shrub, 2 — 3 m. tall, with on¬ ly 1 — 3 very large calicinal glands and a 4-lobed corolla, while G. ZtCOmteA. is a tree, 10 — 15 m. tall, with very numerous small calici¬ nal glands and a 5-lobed corolla. Raj (1983) has studied the pollen of G. cbinZM^.6 on the basis of Hu. 10231 from Lantau Island in the Stockholm herbarium. Yip describes the plant which he collected, cited below, as a "woody climber, leaves darker green above". Collectors have encoun¬ tered G. chA.ne.n&'LA on stream banks and on plains, in ravines, and a- long open roadsides, at 600 m. altitude, in flower from April to June, and in fruit in June. Dunn & Tutcher (1912) list this species from Lantau Island and from Hong Kong's New Territory. P'ei (1932) cites Y-cng 628 from Lan¬ tau, WtvLgltt 6.n. from Hong Kong, and Ckun 3075 and M cCZufit 378 from Kwangtung. Forbes & Hemsley (1890) cite an unnumbered Ford collec¬ tion from Lantau and of Wright from Hong Kong, deposited in the Kew and British Museum herbaria. They comment that "Since the publication of the figure in Hooker's 'leones Plantarum' Mr. Ford has sent excel¬ lent flowering specimens to Kew from which we learn that the inflores¬ cence is furnished with many deciduous bracts." Tingle (1967) lists it only from Hong Kong, as does Hsiao (1980) , , listing the vernacular 1984 Moldenke, Notes on GmnZA.no. 35 name, "shih mu" [=stone-wood] in Chinese characters. Hallier (1918) cites his no. C.242 from material cultivated in Hong Kong. He comments that "Das von mir gesammelte Exemplar reicht nich aus, urn zu entscheiden, ob auch BaZanAa no . 3806 von Tonking zu dieser Art gehflrt". Dop (1915) cites this collection as a cotype of his G. baZanAae., noting that "Cette esp&ce est voisine du Gm. chZne.n- AZA Bentham; elle s'en distingue par la dimensions des feuilles, les inflorescences et les lobes stigmatiques egaux" . The Dop reference is often cited as "1914", but was not actually published until 1915. The corollas are described as "yellow" on Ckon 1083, Hu 10231, and Taam 2153, as well as by Dunn & Tutcher (1912), "bright-yellow" on Tao 21490, "orange" on Chan 1073, "purple, lower lip orange" on Horn 186, and "BlUthen innen prMchtig orange, mit purpurner Oberlippe" on HaZZZeA C,242. P'ei (1932) differentiates G. ckZnHnAZA from the other Chinese species known to him as follows: 1. Calyx truncate or shortly toothed, the teeth not over 1.5 mm. long. 2. Ovary densely pubescent; calyx truncate or with rudimentary teeth; leaves elliptic-ovate . G. chZne.nAZA . 2a. Ovary glabrous or nearly so; calyx dentate; leaves broadly ovate . 3. Erect trees; leaves large, 10 — 25 cm. long, 5 — 18 cm. wide; inflorescence erect . G. aaboKea. 3a. Scandent shrubs (at least when young) ; leaves small, not over 10 cm. long; inflorescence pendulous . G. OAZaZZca. la. Calyx distinctly lobed, the lobes to 11 mm. long. 4. Ovary densely pubescent; calyx with many large glands; leaves large, usually 7 — 15 cm. long, 5.5 — 7 cm. wide; inflorescence terminal, dense . G. kaZna.ne.nAZ6 . 4a. Ovary glabrous; calyx usually with only a few large glands; leaves small, not over 2.5 cm. long; inflorescence terminal, lax . G. deZavayana Material of G. ckZne.nAZA has been misidentif ied and distributed in some herbaria as G. OSibOKeo. Roxb. On the other hand, the PzZeZot 1058 & 1941, distributed as G. chZne.nAZA, actually are G. baZanAae Dop, while CZemenA & CZemenA 3980 is G. fiacemoAa (Lour.) Merr. Citations: CHINA: Kwangtung: Chun 3075 (Bz — 21266, Bz — 21267, N, N, Qu) ; Horn 186 (N) ; T60 21490 (N) ; VZp 232 (Ac). CHINESE COASTAL IS¬ LANDS: Lantau: Chan 1073 (Mi), 1083 (Mi); Hu 10231 (Mi, W— 2731167) ; Taam 2153 (Ca— 82394, Mi, N, w— 2072893); T AZang 628 (N— photo); VZng 628 (Ca — 358250). HONG KONG: C. WnZghZ, OlZZkeA Exped. A.n. [Hong Kong] (T — isotype, W — 44913 — isotype). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Oliv. in Hook, f.. Icon. 19: pi. 1874. 1861 (Ut— 73879) . GMELINA VALRYMPLEAHA (f. Muell.) H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Malay. Arch. 223—224. 1919. Synonymy: YZZex (?) macfiOpkyZZa R. Br., Prodr. FI. Nov. Holl. 1: 512. 1810 [not GmeZZna macAOphyZZa Anon., 1927, nor Hort., 1940, nor H. J. Lam, 1919]. I JZXex daZfiympZeana F. Muell., Fragm. Phyt. Austral. 4: 128, 1858. EphZeZZA AZmpZZeZfioZZa Soland. ex Seem., Journ. Bot. Lond. 3: 259. 1865. I IZtex (?) macAOpkyZZa A. Br. ex Seem., Journ. 36 PHYTOLOGIA Vol . 56, No. 1 Bot. Lond. 3: 259 in syn. 1865. GmzJLLvWL maCAOpkylZci (R. Br.) Benth. , FI. Austral. 5: 65. 1870 [not G. macAOphytta. Wall., 1829]. GmeX-ina mCLCKOphyLEa. Benth. ex Jacks, in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew. , imp. 1, 1: 1039. 1893. EpbicvEA.6 i>i.mpLLCA.{jolA.a. Soland. ex Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names 24 in syn. 1942. Ep!ruJLLLt> &AjnpZsLCsL£o£A.CL Solander ex Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names 24 in syn. 1942. EphA.oJLL& t>i.mpSLL(lA-^oLLa. Seem ex Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names 24 in syn. 1942. GmoJLivWi dcLZtiympJ&.CLHjOL (F. Muell.) H. J. Lam ex Mold., Resum4 285. 1959. GmoJlA.vwL doJLKtym- pl&ana. F. Muell. ex Fong & al. , Lloydia 35: 147. 1972. Bibliography: R. Br. , Prod. FI. Nov. Holl. 1: 512. 1810; Steud., Norn. Bot., ed. 1, 885. 1821; D. Dietr., Syn. PI. 3: 611. 1843; Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calc. 470. 1845; Schau. in A. DC., Prodr. 11: 695. 1847; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candol. 3: 502. 1858; F. Muell., Fragm. Phyt. Austral. 4: 128. 1858; Seem., Journ. Bot. Lond. 3: 258 — 259. 1865; Seem., FI. Vit. 189. 1866; Benth. & Muell., FI. Austral. 5: 65. 1870; R. Schomb., FI. S. Austral. 52. 1875; F. Muell., Descrip. Notes Papuan PI., imp. 1, 8: 46. 1885; F. Muell., Sec. Syst. Cens. Austral. Pi. 1: 173. 1889; K. Schum. & Hollr., FI. Kais. Wilhelmsl. 120. 1889; F. M. Bailey, Cat. Indig. Nat. PI. Queensl. 35. 1890; Burck, Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. , ser. 1, 10: 98. 1891; Jacks, in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 1: 844 & 1039 (1893) and imp. 1, 2: 1213. 1895; Brig, in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. , ed. 1, 4 (3a): 173. 1895; K. Schum. & Lauterb., FI. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Stidsee 524. 1900; F. M. Bailey, Queensl. FI. 4: 1177 & 1178. 1901; Banks & Soland., Bot. Cook's Voy. 2: pi. 238. 1901; H. Hallier, Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst. 22 (3): 31--46. 1905; Pulle in Lorentz, Nova Guinea, ser. 1, 8 (1): 402. 1911; F. M. Bailey, Compreh. Cat. Queensl. Pi. 386. 1913; H. Hallier, Meded. Rijks Herb. Leid. 37: 56 — 57. 1917; H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Malay. Arch. 216, 220—221, 223 — 224, 365, & 366. 1919; Bakh. in Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3: 68. 1921; Bakh., Journ. Arnold Arb. 10: 71 & 72. 1929; Bakh. in White, Journ. Arnold Arb. 10: 264. 1929; Junell, Symb. Bot. Upsal. 1 (4): 92. 1934; Bakh., Journ. Arnold Arb. 16: 73. 1935; Beer & Lam, Blumea 2: 226. 1936; Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 60 (2): 573. 1941; Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names 12 & 25. 1942; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 26, 67, 69, & 93. 1942; Jacks, in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind.. Kew., imp. 2, 1: 844 & 1039 (1946) and imp. 2, 2: 1213. 1946; H. N. & A. L. Mold., Pi. Life 2: 55. 1948; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 2, 148, 149, 153, & 186. 1949; E. D. Merr., Journ. Arnold Arb. 31: 113. 1950; Mold., Resume 201—203, 209, 285, 296, 297, 386, & 456. 1959; Burkill, Diet. Econ. Prod. Malay Penins. 1: 953. 1960; Jacks, in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 3, 1: 844 & 1039 (1960) and imp. 3, 2: 1213. 1960; Burkill, Diet. Econ. Prod. Malay Penins. 1: 1105. 1966; Whit¬ more, Gard. Bull. Singapore 22: 19 — 21. 1967; Uphof, Diet. Econ. PI., ed. 2, 246. 1968; Chippendale, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales 96: 236. 1971; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 333, 336, 338, 346, & 441 (1971) and 2: 523, 524, 716, 721, & 879. 1971; Farnsworth, Pharmacog. Titles 7 (10) : vii. 1972; Fong, Trojankova, Trojanek, & Farnsworth, Lloydia 35: 147. 1972; T. B. Muir, Muelleria 2: 167. 1972; [Farnsworth], Pharmacog. Titles 7, Cum. Gen. Ind. [53]. 1975; Kooiman, Act. Bot. Neerl. 24: 462. 1975; F. Muell., Descrip. Notes Papuan PI., imp. 2, 6: 46. 1979; Mold., Phytologia 46: 490 & 491. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 323, 327, 1984 Moldenke, Notes on GmoJLLYWL 37 328, 337, 409, & 549. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 51; 391 (1982) and 55: 333, 335, 336, 482, & 493. 1984. Illustrations: Banks & Soland. , Bot. Cook's Voy. 2: pi. 238. 1901. A small or large bushy tree, to 13 m. tall, often handsomely py¬ ramidal; trunk smooth or rough, with dark bark; branchlets minutely hairy when young, later glabrous; wood close-grained, the outer or sapwood prominently marked, "of a pretty purple colour", the remainder gray; leaves decussate-opposite, clustered at the ends of the branchy lets; petioles variable in length, usually 2--3 cm. long, at first minutely hairy, later glabrescent; leaf-blades stiffly coriaceous, broadly ovate or ovate-oblong, 10 — 27 cm. long, 7 — 16 cm. wide, but variable in size, especially in width of the base, apically subobtuse- ly acuminate, marginally entire, basally cordate or rounded, glabrous and shiny on both surfaces except for the venation beneath, often wrinkled above, usually paler and more or less gray beneath, with 0 — 10 (usually 2) large glands (extrafloral nectaries) above or below the first pair of secondaries beneath, the glands convex on the upper and concave on the lower surface; midrib usually very pale to almost white above; secondaries 7 per side; veinlet reticulation very indis¬ tinct, the larger venation somewhat hairy beneath with simple hairs; inflorescence terminal, paniculate, 15 — 21 cm. long, 4 — 6 cm. wide, many-flowered, minutely hairy but finally glabrescent, the axes slen¬ der; cymules in the axils of the leaves or of more or less foliaceous bracts; calyx 5 mm. long, sometimes dark-blue, externally glabrous or glandular-tomentose and with several large glands, internally glabrous, the rim truncate or somewhat sinuate, often irregularly cleft; corolla yellow and pink-veined or bright-blue to purple, vary¬ ing to lilac or pink, 1.8 cm. long, externally appressed-pubescent except on the lower part of the tube, internally glabrous, the throat somewhat papillose, the limb oblique, the lobes 4 or (usually) 5, 6 — 8 mm long, apically subacute, the middle one of the lower lip longer; stamens inserted in the lower part of the corolla- tube ; filaments flattened, glabrous; anthers 2-lobed, the connective thickened; style stout, with some glanduliferous hairs near the apex; stigma unequally bifid; ovary globose, 5-celled, at first apically hairy but soon glab¬ rescent; fruit drupaceous, 1.3 — 1.8 cm. long, red or pink to violet or bright-blue, soft, fleshy when ripe, the central cavity large, the carpels involute. Collectors have found this plant growing on riverbanks and scat¬ tered on savannas or quite commonly in rainforests and their edges, at 10 — 30 m. altitude, in flower from December to March and in fruit from January to March; in both flower and fruit in August. The corol¬ las are described as "purple-pink" on BA.CL66 5753 and by Beer & Lam (1936) and as "lilac, the lower lip darker blue with a yellow stripe down the center" on WhsLte. 1466 ; on HoZZKung 651 they are said to have been "white". Bakhuizen (1929) reports them "yellow, tinged pink". Vernacular names reported for the species are "kawra" and "Queensland beech". Mueller (1885) cites an unnumbered Stewart collection from Saibai Island and one of Bduerlen from Fly River. He notes that "The length of the petioles is variable, so the width of the leaves, particular- 38 PHYTOLOGIA Vol . 56, No. 1 ly at their base, and also the degree of paleness underneath." Junell (1934) discusses the gynoecium morphology of this species on the basis of Kajcui6kZ 1466. Van Steenis asks, on a sheet of 8 K0A6 5753, "isn't this a FaKada.ya.7" Seemann (1866) comments, in his dis¬ cussion of EphZeJUJb : "Yet the calyx of \1ZZCX maCKOphyZZa differs from that of all other species of \]UiCX and seems to point to a generic difference . " Schumann & Hollrung (1889), speaking of Hoil.fW.nQ 651, say: "Die schfinen und stattlichen Exemplare dieser Pflanze zeigen am Grunde des Blattes unmittelbar am Blattstiele zwei grosse Hohlr&ume, die ich an Exemplaren von Australien nicht finde. Ich mflchte sie fUr extranup- tiale Nectarien, die Ubrigens oberhalb der HohlrSume auch bemerkt werden, halten. Der Eingang in die etwa 5 — 8 mm langen and 5 mm tiefen Blasen liegt auf der Rflckseite des Blattes, so dass sie diese Gebilde genau wie die Ameisenblasen bei TOCOCO. fiber die Oberseite her- vorwOlben. Es w&re interessant, die physiologische Bedeutung dieser Dinge durch aufmerksame Beobachtungen festzustellen. " They continue: the species is "Aus dem tropischen Australien bisher bekannt. In Wallich's Pflanzen findet sich nur Blatter von zwar ahnlicher Ge¬ stalt, aber mit dichter Behaarung der Rflckseite. Nach seiner Angabe stammt die Pflanze von Amboina; F. v. Mueller hat dieser Art in Neu Guinea bereits nachgewiesen. " Pulle (1911) comments that "Die Exemplare aus NiederlMndisch Neu- Guinea zeigen, ebenfalls die von Schumann in Flora Kaiser Wilhelms- land p. 120 erwMhnten grossen Hohlraume am Grunde des Blattes un¬ mittelbar am Blattstiele." He cites E>KandCKkoKi>£ 23 from West Irian. The Wallich material to which reference is made by Schumann & Holl¬ rung (above) obviously is what has been called G. ma.CK0phyH.0i Wall, by some writers, a name which is synonymous with G. moZu.CCO.na. (Blume) Backer. The UZtCX maCKOphyZZa. Anon, and l/. macKophyHa Hort. are synonyms of VZZCX agnu6~ COA>tiU> f. ZcrfZfioHa (Mill.) Rehd. , while l/. macKophyHa H. j. Lam is now known as (/. macKofioHouta Mold. GmcZZna Zcd.ZKma.nnA. H. J. Lam is sometimes regarded as a synonym of G. daZKym- pZca.no.. Bailey (1901) lists G. daZ.K ympZca.no. from the islands of the Torres Straits, Cape Grafton, Cape York, and Rockingham Bay, citing unnum¬ bered collections of Banks & Solander, Daemel, and Dallachy, remark¬ ing that the tree furnishes a useful timber for flooring boards and planking, closely resembling that obtained from G. ZcZchkoKdZZZ (F. Muell.) F. Muell., citing Bailey's Cat. Queensland Woods 298a. Burkill (1966) asserts that the wood of G. daJZKympZcXLVWL is "used for boats in eastern Malaysia". Beer & Lam (1936) inform us that the tree bears fruit from January to March. Mueller (1886) lists G. daZ-KympZca.no. from Saiba Island; Schumann & Lauterbach (1900) report it from northern Australia, Amboina, and New Guinea, citing only HoHKung 651 from New Guinea, but the Amboina reference, as stated above, is based on a misidentif ication of D. mo ZlLCCOna . Fedde & Schuster (1941) cite BKOndCKhoK6t 23, also from New Guinea. Bakhuizen regarded his G. &aZ.omonCnAAJ> as intermediate between G. moZuccana. and G. daZ.KympZcana and "possibly a hybrid between them" -- 1984 Moldenke, Notes on GmzZZna 39 but the second of these supposed parental species does not occur in either the Solomon or Molucca Islands. Whitmore (1967) says "G. daZ- HympZzanjC l . is a very distinct entity . It has not been found yet east of mainland New Guinea and none of the Solomons' collections come near to it, including, in my opinion, the type of G. 6aZomonzn- 6i6." Bakhuizen (1929) cites 84044 959 & 1376 from Papua. Whitmore (1967) cites the following collections as G. daZKympZzana: NEW GUINEA: Papua: 8 4044 3539, 575 3, 7666, 21719. 21915, & 28910; HoogZand 3405; NGF. 1298, 3422, & 10374. Territory of New Guinea: NGF. 2922 & 9375. West Irian: Anta 179 & 250; Bn.andZKh.0K6t 23; Van Royzn 489Z. NEW GUINEAN ISLANDS: Daru: 84044 6319. Fergusson: 8404-6 27281 . Normanby: 84044 25388; NGF. 8680. MOLUCCA ISLANDS: Aroe : Bmialda 5431. AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Kajeu)6kl 146; F. Mu.zZl.eA 4 .n. [Cape York]. Lam (1919) cites only BKandZKhoK6t 23 from New Guinea, listing the species also from "tropical Australia" on the authority of Bentham and Mueller. He comments that "Its affinity is with G. macKOphyZla [Wall. = G. moZuccana (Blume) Backer] . The latter . differs by the texture of its leaves and young parts, the obtuse apex, the subequal corolla-lobes, and the yellow (not blue) corolla . Schumann u Holl- rung . speak of ant-hollows at the base of the leaves, which should have an opening, but we take them for nothing else but extra¬ floral nectaries, finding them convex in the upper, and concave in the lower surface of the leaf . The species as Bentham describes it, seems not to possess the large glands at the base of the leaves; Schu¬ mann too, found the leaves of Australian specimens without glands. As, however, their number is much varying in 1 plant, we described no varieties, concerning the presence and absence of the nectaries." It may be worth noting here that Lam (1919) mis-cites the Brown (1810) reference to this plant (see bibliography, above) as "1827" and the Wallich (1829) reference in the synonymy as "1828". The Mueller (1886) reference is sometimes mis-cited to vol. 6 (1875) . Citations: NEW GUINEA: Papua: BduZKZzn 544 (Mb, N) , 4.n. [Fly River] (Mb); 840.44 5753 (Bz — 21274, N, W— 1944646) ; W. MacGKZgOK 4.n. [Kussa, Mai 1890] (Mb) . West Irian: BKandznh.0H.6Z 23 (Bz--21277, Bz — 21279, Bz— 25579, Ut— 13813) ; WzntkoZX 179 (Bz— 72742) , 250 (Bz— 72743). NEW GUINEAN ISLANDS: Saibai: C. SteuXL Kt 780 (Mb), 6.n. [1885] (Mb, Mb). AUSTRALIA: Queensland: 84044 2185 (B, Bi) ; KajZW6kZ 1466 (S); C. T. Whltz 1466 (N, s). GMEL1NA VALRVMPLEANA var. SCHLECHTER1 (H. J. Lam) Mold., Phytologia 4: 178. 1953. Synonymy: GmzZZna 4 zkZzchtZKl H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Malay. Arch. 226. 1919. Bibliography: H. J. Lam, VerbenaC. Malay. Arch. 216, 226 — 227, & 336. 1919; Bakh. in Lam & Bakh. , Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3: 65. 1921; H. J. Lam in Lauterb. , Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 59: 94. 1924; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 6: 92. 1926; Fedde & Schust. , Justs Bot. Jahr- esber . 47 (2): 245 (1927) and 60 (2): 573. 1941; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 67 & 93. 1942; H. N. & A. L. Mold., PI. Life 2: 81. 1948; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 2, 149 & 186. 1949; Mold., Biol. Abstr. 27: 2026. 1953; Mold., Phytologia 4: 178. 1953; Mold., Resume 201 — 203, 297, & 456. 1959; Mold., Fifth Summ. 40 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 1 1: 333, 336, & 338 (1971) and 2: 524 & 879. 1971; Mold., Phytologia 46: 491. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 323, 327, 328, & 549. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 51: 391 (1982) and 55: 336. 1984. A small or medium-sized to tall, handsome canopy tree, 10 — 25 m. tall, pyramidal in shape; trunk smooth, often centrally hollow; bole 3 — 15 m. high, 12--60 cm. in diameter at breast height; buttresses to 1.5 m. high and 60 cm. long; branches spreading; bark rough, dark to pale gray-brown, about 3 mm. thick, slightly flaky, longitudinally and reticulately fissured; wood straw-color; branchlets subglabrous; leaves decussate-opposite ; petioles subglabrous; leaf-blades firmly chartaceous, oblong or obovate-oblong, shiny or dull-green above, paler beneath, apically acute or shortly acuminate, basally truncate or broadly cuneate, glabrous on both surfaces when mature or the vena¬ tion subpubescent beneath, with SOme (usually 2) rather large glands (extra-floral nectaries) below the lowest veins beneath; secondaries 6 — 8 ; inflorescence terminal, pyramidal, ferruginous-pubescent, basally foliose, the cymes borne in the axils of foliaceous, lanceo¬ late, 5--10 mm. long bracts; calyx dark purple-green, about 4 mm. long and wide, externally densely appressed-pubescent, sometimes with some rather large glands intermixed, the rim truncate or obsoletely 4- or 5-dentate; corolla yellow, creamy-fawn, or white to pinkish, lavender, purple, or pale purplish-blue, the tube 10--10.5 mm. long, the lower portion externally glabrous, the remainder, as well as the lobes, externally appressed-pubescent, internally glabrous, the limb obliquely bilabiate, 4 lobes subequal and about 7 mm. long, the 5th lobe larger and about 1 cm. long, internally minutely pubescent; sta¬ mens exserted; filaments glabrous or with a few glandulif erous hairs; style filiform, with some glanduliferous hairs; stigma unequally bi¬ fid; ovary externally glabrous; fruit fleshy, white or greenish- white to pale- or bright-blue, glossy, purple or black when mature. This variety is based on SchZo.chXo.fi 17041 [Lam (1924) cites it as "17043"] from woods on the Kavi Mountains at 1000 m. altitude, in New Guinea, collected on December 25, 1908. Lam (1919) asserts that it is "A species, well characterized by its obovate-oblong leaves, its truncate, pubescent calyx, and its glabrous ovary". In his key he distinguishes it from typical 6. daZfiympZQJlVUl (F. Muell.) H. J. Lam by the latter having a "pubescent calyx" [probably a lapsus for "ovary"]. The wood of the variety is said to be used by natives in its native haunts for the manufacture of canoes. Collectors have encountered this plant in woods, on riverbanks, a- long brooks in old secondary forests, in disturbed rainforests on hillside slopes, in gallery forests, and "frequent in rainforests on limestone", at altitudes of 10--1150 m. , in flower in February, April, May, July, and December, and in fruit in February, April, and May. Vernacular names reported for it are "adoen", "ai", "bauma", "mumuni", "noes", "oedoedoe", and "po'a". The corollas are described as "yellow" on BflCl66 1376, "yellow tinged pink" on Bfia.66 959, "white or pinkish" on Bfia66 21915, "creamy- fawn, the lower lobe mauve with a yellow patch" on Hoogtdnd & Cna.V(Ln 10167, "lavender" on Bfia.66 2S910, "pale purple-blue" on 01omQ.fi6tQ.lj 9375, "purple" on BuiMdtda 5431, and "cream, the lower lip with a pink apical part and a yellow patch in the throat" on Hoogtund 3405. 1984 Moldenke, Notes on GmeJLLna 41 Hoogland reports the tree "fairly common in regrowth on relative¬ ly shallow gray to brown wet clay soils with much iron gravel" and "very common in juvenile forests on fairly clayey soil with V^dlenla nalagl as the most important tree". Material has been misidentif ied and distributed in some herbaria as TeyLj4ma.nru.ode.nd.fion hollturngLu. (Warb.) Kosterm. and as Fa.tiada.ya. sp. Citations: AROE ISLANDS: KobroOr: Bumalda 297 [Boschproefst. bb. 25330] (Bz — 21329). Trangan: Bmialda 440 [Boschproefst. bb. 25474] (Bz — 21330), 5 431 (Bz— 72617, N, Ng— 16961, Ng) . NEW GUINEA: Terri¬ tory of New Guinea: HollKung 651 (Bz — 21278, Mb, Mb, N) ; Hoogland & Ctiaoen 10167 (w— 2896313) ; N.G.F.2922 (Ng— 6490) ; Sckle-ckteA 17043 (Ca— 226308); 01omen.4ley 9375 (Ng— 16945) . Papua: Bti04t> 959 (Bz— 21275, N), 1376 (Bz— 21276), 27 9 7 5 (W— 2603100) , 28910 (W— 2409583) ; Gatin. 15748 (N) ; Hoogland 3405 (Ng— 16839, Ng, w— 2213560) ; Hoogland & Macdonald 3422 (Ng— 16837, W— 2213567) . West Irian: Lundqulil 52 [Boschproefst. bb.3267;] (Bz — 21328), 133 [Boschproefst. bb/32852] (Bz — 72965). NEW GUINEAN ISLANDS: Misool: Pleyte 1094 (Bz — 72670). GMEL1HA VELAOAVANA 0op, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 61: 321. 1915. Synonymy: Gmellna montana W. W. Smith, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Ed- inb. 9: 107—108. 1916. Bibliography: Dop, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 61: 321. 1915; W. W. Sm. , Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 9: 107 — 108. 1916; Levi., Cat. PI. Yun¬ nan 277. 1917; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 5, imp. 1, 115. 1921; Fedde & Schust. , Justs Bot. Jahresber. 44: 254. 1922; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 6: 92. 1926; W. W. Sm. , Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 17: 148 & 212. 1930; P’ei, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1 (3): 116 & 121—122, pi. 23. 1932; Hand.-Mazz., Ann. Hort. Gothenb. 9: [67]. 1934; Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 60 (2): 573. 1941; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 1: 441. 1941; Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names 25. 1942; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 57 & 93. 1942; H. N. & A. L. Mold., PI. Life 2: 55. 1948; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 2, 132 & 186. 1949; Mold., Resume 170, 297, & 456. 1959; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 5, imp. 2, 115. 1960; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 289 (1971) and 2: 524 & 880. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 279 & 549. 1980; Raj, Rev. Palaeobot. Palyn. 39: 357, 372, 395, 412, & 413, pi. 13, fig. 2. 1983; Mold., Phytologia 55: 333 & 493. 1984. Illustrations: P'ei, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1 (3): pi. 23. 1932; Raj, Rev. Palaeobot. Palyn. 39: 412, pi. 13, fig. 2. 1983. A slender, floriferous, sometimes twining, unarmed shrub or sub¬ shrub, 1 — 3 m. tall; branchlets slender, terete, flexuous, at first minutely glandular-pubescent or -puberulent, later glabrescent; bark striate, light-brown; leaves decussate-opposite; petioles slender, 0.5 — 2 cm. long, minutely glandulose; leaf-blades ovate to subrhomboid or trapezoid, membranous or in drying thinly chartaceous, 2 — 5 cm. long, 1.5 — 3.5 cm. wide, apically acute or obscurely acuminate and mucronulate, marginally entire or obscurely sinuate to 3 — many-lobulate, basally often inequilateral and obtuse or more or less broadly cun- eate, glabrous and green or (in drying) olivaceous-brown above, glau¬ cous and minutely or densely glandulose beneath when mature, sparsely pilosulous on the midrib; secondaries 3 or 4 per side, rather con- 42 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 1 spicuous above, prominent beneath; veinlets whitish and compressed above; cymes 1 — 7-f lowered, forming a remote, narrow, lax, racemiform, terminal, cymose panicle 10 — 20 cm. long, puberulent; bracts folia- ceous, linear or lanceolate, to 1 cm. long; peduncles slender, 1 — 1.5 cm. long, pilosulous and minutely glandulose or pubescent, apically 2-bracteolate ; calyx campanulate, 0.7 — 1 cm. long, oblique, subbila¬ biate, externally very sparsely pilosulous and minutely glandulose or eglandular, the rim deeply 5-lobed, the lobes very slightly unequal ovate or triangular, about 3 mm. long, apically acute or often short¬ ly acuminate; corolla violet or blue-purple, 3 — 4 cm. long, external¬ ly slightly puberulous or pruinose above, the tube yellow, cylindric, almost 2 cm. long, incurved, conspicuously ventricose-ampliate above the calyx, the limb bilabiate, 5-lobed, blue-purple, the lobes rounded the lower lip galeate, 3-lobed, the middle lobe much larger, oblong, 12 — 18 mm. long, the upper lip short, entire or very slightly bilobed, 7 mm. long; stamens 4, included or subexserted, the filaments thick, sparsely and minutely capitate-glandulose ; style slender, smooth; stigma bilobed, the lobes unequal; ovary externally glabrous; fruit drupaceous, ovoid, 13 — 15 mm. long. The species is based on VzZavay 170 and 3595 from Ta-pin-tze and VucZoux 4698 and 4707 from Pint-chouam, Ytinnan, China. Dop (1915) says: "Cette esp'ece est voisine du G. ai>ZaXZca L. ; elle s’en distin¬ gue surtout par le calice h lobes nettement developpes". It should be mentioned here that Prain (1921) dates the original publication of the species by Dop as "1914", but the page here involved was not actually effectively published until 1915. P'ei (1932) asserts that the leaves do not exceed "2.5 in length" but Dop's original descrip¬ tion says "2 — 5 cm. " long. Smith (1916) asserts that the species "haec inter congeneres chinenses calycis lobis magnis, corollae tubo flavo, limbo bilabiato caeruleo-purpureo facile dignoscitur" . Raj (1983) has studied and illustrated the pollen of this species based on H. SmZXh 181 5 from Szechuan, China, in the Stockholm herbarium. The synonymous GmcZZna montana is based on Fo4.4e.4-t 11661 from open situations among rocks on the western flank of the Tali Range in YUnnan, China, at 25^40' N. lat and 10,000 feet altitude, collec¬ ted in August. 1913, and deposited in the Edinburgh herbarium. Smith (1916) remarks that the species grows at altitudes which are "remark¬ able for the genus". P'ei (1932) cites Fo44e4T 22499 from Szechuan and Fo44e-4-t 1 1662, 15620, & 22081 from Ytlnnan. He remarks that "Com¬ parison of authentic material representing both species clearly indi¬ cates the identity of GmeZZna monZana w. w. Sm. with G. dzZa.vaya.no. Dop The corollas on G. dzZavayana are described as having been "blue" on Ten 261, "violet" on Ten 109, "yellowish-purple and reddish" on Rock 5077, "ruddy-purple, yellowish at base" on Fo44e-6T 22081, and "limb purplish-blue, tube yellow" on Fo44e-4-t 1 1662. The plant has been encountered at the margins of thickets and by streams on mountainsides, at altitudes of 1700 — 3400 m. , in flower in May, June, and August, and in fruit in September. Citations: CHINA: Szechuan: Fo4.4e.-4T 22499 (W — 1279006); H. SmZtk 1815 (s) . Ytinnan: VzZavay 170 [?] (N — cotype?); Fo44e-6T 1 1662 (Ca — 231016, N— photo), 22081 (Ca— 253060, W— 1279009) ; Rock 5077 (N, W— 1984 Moldenke, Notes on Gmziina 43 1514614); Ten 1 09 (W— 1058168), 271 (Ca— 487586). MOUNTED ILLUSTRA¬ TIONS: P'ei, Mem, . Sci . Soc. China 1 (3): pi. 23. 1932 (Ld) . GMELINA ELLIFTICA J. E. Sm. in Rees, Cyclop., imp. 1 [London], 16: Gmziina 2. 1810. Synonymy: Radix dzipaaaz Rumpf, Herb. Amboin. 2: 124 — 127, pi. 39. 1741. Radix dzipaKOZ ipuOia Rumpf, Herb. Amboin. 2: 127 — 129, pi. 40. 1741. Gmziina viiioia Roxb., Hort. Beng., imp. 1, 46, nom. nud. 1814; FI. Indica, ed. 2, imp. 1, 3: 86. 1832. Radix dzipOKO Rumpf apud Roxb., FI. Indica, ed. 2, imp. 1, 3: 87. 1832. Gmziinaz sp. W. Griff., Notul. PI. Asiat. 4: 179 — 180. 1854. Gmziina QKandi^to >ta Bocq . , Adansonia, ser. 1, 2: 157. 1862. Gmziina [sp.] Blanco ex Fern.-Vilar in Blanco, FI. Filip., ed. 3, Nov. App. 159 in syn. 1880. Gmziina OAiatica Wall, apud C. B. Clarke in Hook, f., FI. Brit. India 4: 582 in syn. 1885 [not G. 06 iaiica L. , 1753, nor Lour., 1953, nor Schau., 1918). Gmziina 6p. n. 2 w. Griff, ex C. B. Clarke in Hook, fl., FI. Brit. India 4: 582 in syn. 1885. Gmziina a-iiaiica Kurz apud Koord. & Valet., Meded. Lands Plant. 42: 197 in syn. 1900. G'.noJLivvx iyvtZQli^olia Hunter ex Ridl., Journ. Roy. Asiat. Soc. Straits 53: 101 in syn. 1909. Gmziina aiiaiica Auct. ex Heyne, Nutt. Pi. Ned. Ind., ed. 1, 4: 118 in syn. 1917. Gmziina \)iiio6a Blume ex H. Hal- lier, Meded. Rijks Herb. Leid. 37: 58 in syn. 1918. Gmziina aiiaXica Burm. ex Bakh. in Lam & Bakh. , Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. , ser. 3, 3: 70 in syn. 1921. Gmziina Oiiaiica var. viZZoia (Roxb.) Bakh . in Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3: 70. 1921. Gmziina aiiaXica Burm. ex Bakh. in Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3: 70 in syn. 1921. Gmziinc l spec. Griff, ex Bakh. in Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3: 70 in syn. 1921. Radix dzipaaaz 6 pahiaz "Lowara Rumph." apud Bakh. in Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3: 70 in syn. 1921. Gmziina Oiiatica var. vi&toia Bakh. apud E. D. Merr., Enum. Philip. Flow. Pi. 3: 399 in syn. 1923. Gmziina zJULi.piA.ca Blume ex Mold., Suppl. List Inv. Names 3 in syn. 1941. Gmziina OiiaXica var. viSULoia Heyne ex Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names Suppl. 1: 10 in syn. 1947. Radix ciiipaKaz 6pu.Hia Rumpf ex Mold. , Resum^ 341 in syn. 1959. Gmziina vzitiia Blume ex Mold., Fifth Summ. 2: 524 in syn. 1971 [not G. VZiiiia Wall., 1829]. Gmziina gKandi^Zoaa Rich, ex Mold., Fifth Summ. 2: 523 in syn. 1971. Gmziina Oiiaiica Wall (in part) ex Mold., Phytologia 23: 432 in syn. 1972. Gmziina zZZiptica J. C. Sm. ex Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 408 in syn. 1980. Gmziina aiiaiica var. viiioia Roxb., in herb. Bibliography: Rumpf, Herb. Amboin. 2: 124 — 129, pi. 39 & 40. 1741; Stickm. in L., Herb. Amboin. 9. 1754; L. , Amoen. Acad. 4: 121. 1759; J. E. Sm. in Rees, Cyclop., imp. 1 [London], 16: Gmziina 2. 1810; Roxb., Hort. Beng., imp. 1, 46. 1814; Jack, Malay. Misc., imp. 1, 1 (1): 17 — 18 & opp. A. 1820; J. E. Sm. in Rees, Cyclop., imp. 2 [Phil¬ adelphia], 17: Gmziina 2. 1820; Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 1: 323. 1826; Wall., Numer. List "49" [=50], no. 1816. 1829; Hook., Bot. Misc. 1: 284. 1830; Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 245. 1830; Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 417. 1830; Wall., Numer. List [87], no. 1816. 1831; Loud., Hort. Brit., ed. 2, 245. 1832; Roxb., Fl. Indica, ed. 2, imp. 1, 3: 86 — 87. 1832; G. Don in Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 551. 1839; Jack, Calcut. Journ. Nat. Hist. 4: 42 — 43. 1843; Voigt, Hort. Suburb. 44 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 1 Calcut. 470. 1845; Walp. , Repert. Bot. Syst. 4: 98. 1845; Schau. in A. DC., Prodr. 11: 679 & 680. 1847; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 200. 1858; Miq., FI. Ned. Ind. 2: 867. 1858; Miq. , FI. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 1: 242. 1860; Bocq. , Adansonia, ser. 1, 2: 157. 1862; Nflrd- linger, Querschn. 4: 23. 1867; Brandis, For. FI. 364. 1874; Roxb., FI. Indica, ed. 2, imp. 2, 486 — 487. 1874; Kurz, For. FI. Brit. Bur¬ ma 2: 265. 1877; Fern.-Villar in Blanco, FI. Filip., ed. 3, 4: Nov. App. 159. 1880; Gamble, Man. Indian Timb. , ed. 1, 295. 1881; C. B. Clarke in Hook, f., FI. Brit. India 4: 582. 1885; Vidal, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. 210. 1886; Greshoff, Teysmannia 1: 127. 1890; Baill. , Hist. PI. 11: 94. 1891; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pi. 2: 507. 1891; Jacks, in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew. , imp. 1, 1: 1039 & 1040. 1893; Kflnig, Journ. Roy. Asiat. Soc. Straits 26: 104 (1894) and 27: 96. 1894; Nairne, Flow. PI. West. India 246. 1894; Roxb., FI. Indica, ed. 2, imp. 3, 486--487. 1894; Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. , ed. 1, 4 (3a): 173. 1895; Ridl., Journ. Straits Med. Assoc. 5: 129. 1897; Koord. , Meded. Lands Plant. Bogor. 19: 559. 1898; Koord. & Valet., Meded. Lands Plant. Bat. 42 [Bijdr. Booms. Java 7]: 196 — 198. 1900; Gamble, Man. Indian Timb., ed. 2, imp. 1, 537 & 778. 1902; Ridl., Agric. Bull. Straits F.M.S., ser. 2, 1: 219. 1902; E. D. Merr., Philip. For. Bur. Bull. 1: 51. 1903; Brandis, Indian Trees, imp. 1 & 2, 509. 1906; G. Maxwell, Journ. Roy. Asiat. Soc. Straits 45: 47. 1906; Brandis, Indian Trees, imp. 2a, 509. 1907; Gamble in King & Gamble, Journ. Roy. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 74 (2 extra): 824 — 825. 1908; Foxworthy, Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 4: 554. 1909; Brandis, Indian Trees, imp. 3, 509. 1911; Ridl., Journ. Roy. Asiat. Soc. Straits 59: 156. 1911; Craib, Contrib. FI. Siam Dicot. 164. 1912; Koord., Ex- kursionsfl. 3: 137. 1912; Koord. & Valet., Atl. Baumart. Java pi. 278. 1914; Heyne, Nutt. Plant. Ned. Ind., ed. 1, 4: 118--119. 1917; E. D. Merr., Interpret. Rumph. Herb. Amboin. 454. 1917; H. Hallier, Meded. Rijks Herb. Leid. 37: 58 — 60. 1918; Wiesner, Rohst. 2: 464. 1918; A. Chev. , Cat. PI. Jard. Bot. Saigon 36. 1919; H. J. Lam, Ver- benac. Malay. Arch. 216—219, 227—228, 365, & 366. 1919; Bakh. in Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3: 70. 1921; Brandis, Indian Trees, imp. 4, 509. 1921; Hubert, Trav. Lab. Mat. Me'd. Pharm. [Verb. Util. Mat. Med.] 100. 1921; E. D. Merr., Bibliog. Enum. Born. Pi. 515. 1921; Gamble, Man. Indian Timb., ed. 2, imp. 2, 537 & 778. 1922; Rodger in Lace, List Trees Shrubs Burma, ed. 2, 131. 1922; E. D. Merr., Enum. Philip. Flow. PI. 3: 399. 1923; Ridl., FI. Malay Penins. 2: 622 & 623. 1923; Kaneh. , Indian Woods 17. 1924; H. J. Lam in Diels, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 59: 28. 1924; S. Moore, Journ. Bot. Lond. 63: Suppl. 81. 1925; Janssonius, Mikrogr. Holz. Java 754, 757 — 759, 761, 763, 766, & 803 — 810, fig. 294. 1926; Heyne, Nutt. Plant. Ned. Ind., ed. 2, 2: 1320—1321 (1927) and ed. 2, 3: 1646. 1927; Burkill & Haniff, Gard. Bull. Straits Sett. 6: 233, 384, & 407. 1930; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 3: 299. 1930; Rodger in Lace, List Trees Shrubs Burma, ed. 3, 202. 1931; Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 53 (1): 1074. 1932; Kanehira, FI. Micrones. 341 & 457. 1933; Hochr., Candollea 5: 192. 1934; Dop in Lecomte, FI. G^n. Indo-chin. 4: 842 & 846 — 847. 1935; Docters van Leeuwen, Blumea 2: 262. 1937; Fletcher, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1938: 404 & 422—423. 1938; Mold., Suppl. List Comm. Vern. 1984 Moldenke, Notes on Gme^Ltno. 45 Names 3 — 5, 10, 11, 13, 16, 17, 19, & 24. 1940; Mold., Suppl. List Inv. Names 3. 1941; Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names 25 & 39. 1942; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 26, 54, 55, 60, 62 — 67, 73, & 93. 1942; Mold., Phytologia 2: 103 — 104. 1945; Jacks, in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew. , imp. 2, 1: 1039 & 1040. 1946; Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names Suppl. 1: 10. 1947; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 2, 46, 123, 127, 136, 137, 139, 141, 143—148, 160, & 186. 1949; R. O. Williams, Usef. Ornam. PI. Zanzib. 277. 1949; Corner, Wayside Trees, ed. 2, 702 & 703. 1952; Janssonius, Key Javan. Woods 53 — 54 & 213, fig. 294. 1952; Saint John, Pacif. Sci. 10: 101. 1956; Sastri, Wealth India 4: 156. 1956; Anon., Kew Bull. Gen. Ind. 134. 1959; Mold., Resume 55, 142, 157, 163, 166, 176, 178, 180, 184, 186—193, 195—197, 199, 218, 296, 297, 341, & 456. 1959; Jacks, in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 3, 1: 1039 & 1040. 1960; Hundley & Ko in Lace, List Trees Shrubs Burma, ed. 3, 202. 1961; Mold., Resume' Suppl. 3: 21 — 24, 28, & 32 (1962) and 4: 7. 1962; Backer & Bakh., FI. Java 2: 606. 1965; Mold., Resum^ Suppl. 12: 8. 1965; Neal, In Gard. Haw., ed. 2, 730. 1965; Sen & Naskar, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 7: 46. 1965; Burkill, Diet. Econ. Prod. Malay Penins. 1: 1105—1107. 1966; Mold., Resume Suppl. 13: 6 (1966) and 16: 22. 1968; Chan & Teo, Chem. Pharm. Bull. Tokyo 17: 1284 — 1286. 1969; R. N. & I. C. Chopra & Varma, Suppl. Gloss. Indian Med. PI. 33. 1969; Corner & Watanabe, Illustr. Guide Trop. PI. 761. 1969; Mold., Resume Suppl. 18: 7. 1969; Farnsworth, Pharmacog. Titles 5 (4) : vi & item 4119. 1970; Brandis, Indian Trees, imp. 5, 509. 1971; Farnsworth, Pharmacog. Titles 5, Cumul. Fen. Ind. 1971; Menon, Mai. For. Rec. 27: 26, 40, 42, & 103, fig. 36, 37, 80, & 84. 1971; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 100, 230, 264, 276, 283, 296, 301, 305, 317, 320, 325, 330, 332, 334, & 363 (1971) and 2: 523, 524, 615, & 880. 1971; Roxb. , FI. Indica, ed. 2, imp. 3, 486—487. 1971; Gamble, Man. Indian Timb. , ed. 2, imp. 3, 537 & 778. 1972; Mold., Phytologia 23: 423, 424, & 432. 1972; A. L. Mold., Phytologia 23: 319. 1972; Mold., Phytologia 26: 366 (1973) and 28: 449. 1974; L. H. & E. Z. Bailey, Hortus Third 516. 1976; Mold., Phytologia 34: 265, 266, & 269. 1976; Chin, Gard. Bull. Singapore 30: 195. 1977; Jack, Malay. Misc., imp. 2, 1 (1): [Descrip. Malay. PI.] 17 — 18 & opp. A. 1977; Mold., Phytologia 36: 43. 1977; Fosberg, Sachet, & Oliv. , Micronesica 15: 235. 1979; Fosberg, Otobed, Oliv., Powell, & Canfield, Vase. PI. Pa¬ lau 38. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 93, 200, 253, 263, 273, 275, 286, 289, 293, 296, 298, 307, 311, 315, 320, 322, 324, 354, 408, 549, & 627. 1980; Roxb., Hort. Beng., imp. 2, 46. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 50: 252, 253, & 261 (1982) and 54: 240. 1983; H. N. & A. L. Mold, in Dassan. & Fosb. , Rev. Handb. FI. Ceyl. 4: 397 & 401. 1983; Mold., Phy¬ tologia 55: 334, 468, 480, 482—485, 489—492, 494, 496, & 497. 1984. Illustrations: Rumpf, Herb. Amboin. 2: pi. 39 & 40. 1743; Koord. & Valet., Atl . Baumart Java pi. 278. 1914; Janssonius, Mikrogr. Holz, Java 805, fig. 294. 1926; Corner, Wayside Trees, ed. 2, 703, fig. 257. 1952; Janssonius, Key Javan Woods 213, fig. 294. 1952; Corner & Watanabe, Illustr. Guide Trop. PI. 761. 1969; Menon, Mai. For. Rec. 27: 26, 40, & 42, fig. 36, 37, 80, & 84. 1971. A shrubby, spreading, several-stemmed, small tree with a crown as wide as the height, or a scrambling, untidy, often evergreen, arbor¬ escent shrub, 2 — 8 m. tall, sometimes a thorny vine or liana to 10 m. 46 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 1 long; stems usually several from the same root cluster or branched from the base and freely re-branched, often spiny; bole to 1 m. long, straight, to 25 cm. in girth and 15 cm. in diameter; branches short or to 4 m. long, numerous, usually wide-spreading, often arching to the ground, they and the puberulous or villosulous branchlets often beset with sharp, rigid spines (aborted twigs) 0.5 — 5 cm. long, the young shoots terete, tawny-villous ; outer bark white, light-gray, or grayish to yellowish-gray, pale-brown, brown, or olivaceous, thin, lenticellate , smooth or becoming slightly fissured; inner bark whit¬ ish or light-gray to greenish-white, moderately hard and heavy, very tough, brown toward the center, slightly bitter to taste; sapwood white or gray; medullary rays 1 — 7- [mostly 4-] seriate or wider, simple or compound; vessels often arranged in longer and shorter tangential rows; innermost part of the growth layers formed by a wood parenchyma lamella 4 — 7 cells thick, in this lamella the vessels are usually more numerous and strikingly wider than elsewhere; wood splinters burn for a long period of time; cambium purplish-brown; buds brown-hairy: leaves exstipulate, decussate-opposite, anisophyl- lous, conspicuously unequally petiolate; petioles slender, 0.5 — 4 cm. long, villous; leaf-blades somewhat leathery, flat, held in a hori¬ zontal or descending position, rather tough but flexible, elliptic, ovate-elliptic, or ovate to subrhomboid-elliptic, obovate, or trapezoid, 1 — 10.3 cm. long, 1 — 7 cm. wide, sometimes quite small and tending to be rhomboid, apically subacute to acute or obtuse, marginally usually entire when mature, basally acute or cuneate, dark- or deep dull-green and hairy (when young) or glabrous (when mature) above, much lighter or even yellowish or yellowish-green be¬ neath, usually densely villous or woolly-tomentose to tomentellous (with simple hairs) beneath but sometimes only slightly pilose, with minute green glands at the base; secondaries usually 4 per side, almost straight, prominent beneath; inflorescence tawny-villous, racemiform and simple or paniculate; panicles terminal, few- to rather many-flowered, 2 — 7.5 cm. long, tomentose ; bracts green, folia- ceous, rather large, lanceolate or broadly lanceolate to oblong- ovate, 0.5 — 3.5 cm. long, 1--12 mm. wide, apically acute or acumin¬ ate to cuspidate, densely pubescent on both surfaces, falling after the flowers expand; flower-buds sooty-brown and silky; single cymes 1 — 3- [rarely 5-] flowered; flowers rather large, 2.5 — 3.5 cm. long, about 1.8 cm. wide, opposite, pendent, pedicellate, odorless; calyx obovate, green, 4 — 6 mm. long, apically truncate or obliquely and often obscurely minutely 4-denticulate, externally tomentose and with 3 — 7 flat, green, glabrous, permanent glands on one side; corolla mostly yellow or dull-yellow, bilabiate, large, 2.5 — 5.3 cm. long, externally densely pubescent, basally tubular, the tube itself basally very narrow, curvate, the throat obliquely gibbous and campanulate, the limb 4-lobed, the lower lip larger than the upper and entire, the upper lip (being a prolongation of the side of the throat) 3-lobed, the outer surface often rufous-villosulous or ferruginous-pubescent; stamens 4, didynamous, 2 reduced in size, yellow, the filaments curvate; anthers 2-celled; pollen white; style as long as the longer pair of filaments; stigma bilobed, the lobes very unequal and apically acute; ovary 4-celled, 4-ovulate, 1984 Moldenke, Notes on GmoJLuna. 47 externally with a tuft of tawny hairs at the apex, otherwise glab¬ rous; ovules apically attached; fruit drupaceous, subglobose or glo¬ bose to ellipsoid, ovoid, or obovoid, "resembling a cherry or small plum", at first greenish or green, later yellowish-green or yellow, 1.8 — 2.5 cm. long and wide, fleshy and watery when mature, pendent, 1- or 2-seeded, the pyrene obovate, obscurely 4-lobed, externally smooth, perforated by a conic cavity more or less on one side of the center (depending on the number of fertile cells) ; seeds hard and woody, oblong-obovate, about 1.3 cm. long and 0.8 cm. wide, smooth, slightly compressed, the integument single, brown, spongy; pericarp absent; embryo erect; cotyledons obcordate, conforming to the seed in size and shape; plumule 2-lobed; radicle inferior, min¬ ute. Smith's original (1810) description of this species is: "Leaves elliptical, undivided, obtuse, downy beneath. Thorns none. — Native, we presume, of the East Indies, confounded in the Linnaean herbarium with the foregoing [G. CU>jjutLcjO.] , from which it differs in having rather larger leaves, which are exactly elliptical and blunt, more densely downy beneath, and not lobed. There are no traces of thorns. The inflorescence is rather more compound, but the remarkable glandular calyx is the same. If a variety it is a very extraordinary one." His type specimen is deposited in the Linnean Herbarium. His emphasis on the non-thorny character is doubtless due to his having seen only the small tip of a flowering branchlet. Roxburgh's GmeJLLna. viJLJLo&a. was based by him on a collection made in the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, the plant said to have come orig¬ inally from Penang ["Pulo Pinang"] in Malaya and "from thence in¬ troduced by Dr. W. Hunter, into the Botanic garden at Calcutta, in 1802. In six years, the seedling plants had reached the size of small trees, and are in flower and fruit all the year round". His original description is detailed and excellent (far better than that of Smith) and well worth repeating here: "Trunk, in our young trees, straight, as thick as a man's leg. Bark olive-coloured. Branches numerous, spreading, and drooping in every direction; young shoots round, and villous. Leaves opposite, petioled, trapeziform, with the margins entire, except that the rounded side angles sometimes project into lobes, and the apex is generally acute, smooth on the upper side, pale and downy on the under one, from one to four inches long, and from one to two broad. Stipules none. Racemes terminal, simple, downy. Flowers opposite, pedicelled, drooping, and scarcely so large as in G. 0.6-LCLXa.CXI, dull yellow, on account of their being clothed with ferruginous pubescence. Bractes large, lanceolate, cuspidate, continuing until the flowers expand. Calyx small, ob¬ scurely four-toothed, with some large glands on the under side, as in G. &6-uvtLcJl, but larger and more numerous, permanent. Corol with a narrow, curved, cylindric tube, and oblique gibbous-campanulate throat. Border four-parted, of which the lower one is much larger, and is a continuation of the protruded side of the throat. Fila¬ ments curved, one of the pairs much longer. Anthers bifid. Germ round, smooth, 4-celled, with one seed in each, attached to the top 48 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 1 of the axis. Style as long as the long pair of filaments. Stigma of two, very unequal, acute lobes. Drupe spherical, size of a large cherry, fleshy, smooth, when ripe yellow, one-celled. Nut obovate, obscurely four-lobed, smooth, four-celled, perforated by a conic cavity with its wide end downwards. The perforation is more or less on one side of the centre, according to the number of fertile cells, which is generally one or two only. Seed solitary, obovate-oblong, a little compressed. Integument single, brown, spongy. Perisperm none. Embryo erect. Cotyledons conform to the seed, obcordate. Plumula two-lobed. Radicle minute, inferior." Fernandez-Villar (1880) regarded G. tnZHmti Blanco (1837) as a synonym of G. VxJJo&a Roxb. (and therefor of what we now call G. zJ- Uptiza) , but Merrill (1918) has pointed out that there is no justi¬ fication for this reduction -- Blanco was merely referring to a thornless form of the common Philippine species, G. phJJdppZnAXi Cham. Merrill (1917), citing C. 8. RobtnAOn, VJ. Rumph. A mb. 306 from Amboina, comments that "This is certainly Radix dnx.paH.az. Rumph. and is equally certainly GmzJJftO. VxJJo&a Roxb. Roxburgh's description was based on specimens from Penang, but he also cites Radix dzx.paH.az Rumph . as representing his species. Radix dZA.paH.aZ 6pu.HA.a, which Rumphius thought distinct from his R. dZA.paH.az, undoubtedly is also referable to GmzJJna vMJoba Roxb., although by many authors it has been referred to GmzJJna O&tatJza Linn. The former was erron¬ eously reduced by Linnaeus to GmzJJna Oitatiza Linn . while the latter also has been very generally referred to the same species. It is to be noted that in the Herbarium Amboinense t. 40 of Volumes I and II have been transposed." The Baileys (1976) reduce G. zJJA.ptA.ca to synonymy under G. aAxcut- iza and, indeed, the two taxa are certainly closely related. Jack (1822) describes what he calls. G. vdJJoAa as "spinosa, foliis rhomboideis subtus villosis . " Kanehira (1933) distinguishes the species from G. paJLaWZVU>ti> H. J. Lam in that it is a scandent shrub, the leaves elliptic and 10 cm. long, while in G. paJawZntxA the plant is a tall tree, the leaves obovate or broadly elliptic and 10 — 15 cm. long. Collectors have found G. zJJJptJza growing on mountain-slopes, in mixed deciduous dipterocarp forests, along streams and among rocks, in sandy soil of beaches and secondary forests, in open forests and open grasslands, on overgrazed land and riverbanks, near streams in secondary forests, in brownish and limestone soil, overhanging stream- banks, along roadsides and roadcuts, on hillsides, in and at the mar¬ gins of secondgrowth, in woods, primary forests, and thickets, decidu¬ ous bamboo forests, the edges of seasonal ponds, in rocky soil and dry compact soil near the coast, at altitudes of sealevel to 170 m. They have found it in flower from September to July and in fruit from September to April, as well as in July. Backer & Bakhuizen (1965) report that in Java it inhabits brush¬ wood, village greens, light forests, and forest borders, at altitudes of 1 — 500 m. Corner (1952) found it common in villages and open country in Malaysia, especially by the sea, and frequently grown as an irregular hedge — "In shape and general appearance it resembles 1984 Moldenke, Notes on GmzZJna 49 . . . . Itz ypkai, . which is also thorny and has yellow flowers." Ridley (1911) lists the species from Burma, Thailand, Malaya, and the Nicobar Islands. It is said to be common in secondary growth on Basilan island in the Philippines. Tatamatsu refers to it as rare in sandy fields on the Palau Islands, but Canfield describes it as an abundant weedy tree in open areas along roadsides in volcanic clay soil along with Cymbopogon in these same islands. Sinclair reports it common on roadsides near the seashore in Singapore, while Smitinand found it "sporadic in scrub jungle" in Thailand. Janssonius (1926) gives a very detailed description of the macro¬ scopic characters of the wood. The wood anatomy is also discussed and illustrated by Menon (1971) , including the semi-ring-porous wood, the ray tissue (which is of heterogeneous type III) , and the acicu- lar cellular crystals. A wood sample accompanies To>iOZ& 11 20 & 2541 in the University of Michigan herbarium. It is worth mentioning here that LOtizZng 3726 exhibits two leaves that are shallowly lobed exactly like those seen in the type specimen of G. abtatZca in the Linnean herbarium. Lati6Zn £ aZ. 31806 has the leaf-blades only slightly pilose beneath. VatZb 817 exhibits a fungal infection on the leaves. The label accompanying K anzhJtia 198 indi¬ cates that the plant from which the material was taken had been intro¬ duced (on Corol Island) . The unnumbered Vermoesen collection, cited below, does not have any indication on its accompanying label that it was taken from cultivated material, but I am assuming that it was. Corner (1952, 1956) refers to the leaf-blades as "white-hoary" be¬ neath, but I have never seen any that would fit such a ‘description. The corollas are described as having been "yellow" on BuutaZdo 7331, Can^izZd 402, Franco 6.n., GzzAlnk £ SantZiuk 5223, Gn.o ^ 6142, NZ- yomdkam £ aZ. 241, R amot> £ Edano 48950, Sh.za.tia.fid £ Spznzz 82, SmZtZ- nand 575, l/ZZZamZZ 315, CJZZZZami 3041, and Vatzi 817 & 856, Ba.ngh.ajn £ Bangkam 667 , BzuAzkom £ PkzngkhZaZ 498, ChZn 927, VocteAi van Lzzu- u>zn 1750, Elmzti 9646, GULL* 1 1029, Latuzn £ Latiizn 34046, MaxuizZZ 75-318, Raj'ab 550, Santo6 6148, Sozpadmo 9138, and Stonz 6908 & 9343, "yellowish" on A hmZn G. SAN . 95465 , Ju/ncutin £ Toyok SAN . 92461 , Nzdani 35034, "bright-yellow" on ChZn 793, Stonz 6170, and by Nairne (1894), "light-yellow" on EtmZK 12013, "golden-yellow" by Hallier (1918), "cadmium-yellow" on Sh.ZZha.n R .33, and "pure clear yellow" on Ba.ngh.am £ Bangkam 628. The plant is described as a "tree" on TotiOZA 2546, "small tree" on Bangkam £ Bangkam 628, "vine 30 feet long" on Gtiofifi 6142, "climber" on Akinin G. SAN. 95465, and "liana" on BuuiaLda 7 331 . GmzZJ.no. zZZJptZza, either under this name or that of a synonym, is listed by Roxburgh (1814) from Prince of Wales island on the basis of a Hunter collection; Jack (1843) lists it from Sumatra and Malacca. Voigt (1845) knew the species from Penang, Madura, and the Molucca Is¬ lands, asserting that in Calcutta and vicinity it flowers throughout the year. Schauer (1847) cites the Roxburgh collection, originally from Pe¬ nang, and ZoZZJngZA 565 from Java, commenting: "Flores nutantes, iis GmzZ. AbiatZcaz omnino similes, nonnihil minores, obscure lutescen- tes, ferrugineo puberuli. Drupa carnosa, cerasi mole, lutea. Proxima certo G. AiiatZcoz, sin modo foliis subtus tomentosis, ramis pedulis 50 PHYTOLOGIA Vol . 56, No. 1 diversa". Miquel (1858) lists it from Sumatra, Java, Malacca, Cele¬ bes, and Bali, noting: "Arbuscula humanae altitudinis, ramis numero- sis pendulis et foliis subtus tomentosis a G, A AiaZica differt." Clarke (1885) cites unnumbered collections of Wallich from Penang, Griffith and Maingay from Malacca, Thomson from Singapore, and Kurz from the Nicobar Islands. Koorders (1898) lists the species from Celebes and Java. Merrill (1903) cites khe.Kn 331 & 61 8 from Mindanao, listing the species also from "southern Asia and the Malayan region". Brandis (1906) gives its distribution as "Pegu, Martaban, the Nicobar islands, the Malay Peninsula, and the Malay Archipelago". Gamble (1908) cites Cu.fitiA A.n. from Langkawi, CuA tiA 454, King A.n., PhiiZipA A.n., and (JJaZZich 1816 from Penang, ScofUte.chini 740 and (Jlfiay 7 34 from Perak, GfiififiiZh 6051 and Maingay 1189 from Malacca, A nde.KAon A.n., Ve.AchampA A.n., KunAiieA 103, Kuaz A.n., and Thornton •6. ft. from Singapore, KuAZ A. ft. from Burma and the Nicobar Islands, and FofibeA 1576 & 1641 from Sumatra. Koorders (1912) says that Gmeiina eZZiptiCja occurs throughout Java "im Djati walde und im sehr lichten Regenwalde hSufig zerstreut oder gruppen weise" from sealevel to 600 m. altitude. Hallier (1918) cites the following collections: Penang: GaZaXheA. Exptd A. ft. Sumatra: Etbe.flt A. ft. Borneo: KoflthaiA A. ft., (JlinkZe.fl 1170. Lombok: Etbe.fit 750 . Sumbawa: CoZ^A 116 & 11 1, EZ.be.fit 3676 & GKU.ndZe.fi in EZbe.Kt 3909. Salajar: (JJe.be.K A. ft. Buton: EZbe.Kt 1619. Celebes: EZbe.Kt 3001, 3038, & 3058 and FoKAte.n A. ft. Amboina: FoKAte.n A.n. Basilan: HaZZie.K 3515. Java (cultivated): HaZZie.K C.115. He reports the species also from the Philippine islands of Malamawi and Mindanao, as well as from Burma, the Nicobar Islands, Malay Archi¬ pelago, Singapore, Thailand, Java, Bali, Negros, and Luzon. Lair (1919) cites 8 LuXe.ncU.jk HLB. 9 1 4 . 314- 116 , EZbe.Kt HLB. 908 . 308- 433, and EoKb&A 1576 & 1341 from Sumatra, EZbuhX 464 & 465, Ju.nghu.hn 514, and ZoZjtinge.fi 565 & 696 from Java, Etbe.fit 750 from Lombok, Cot^A 116 & 111 and Eibe.fit 3676 & 3909 from Sumbawa, Etbe.fut 1619, 3001, 3038, & 3058, F onAtan HLB. 908 . 167- 844 , & QVeb&fi HLB. 898. 1 1 1-511 from Celebes, (tiinkie.fi 1170 from Borneo, EimeA 9646 and WhiX^Ofid 1 1809 from the Philippines, and Le.deAma.nn 14164a. and RaymunduA 44 from Korror in the Palau Islands. Bakhuizen (1921) gives the species' natural distribution as Burma, Thailand, Malacca, Nicobar Islands, Pulu Pinang, Malaya, Philippines, and Indonesia; Lam (1924) adds the Palau Islands, citing the same two Ledermann and Raymundus collections cited in his 1919 work. Merrill (1921) cites Vitlamit 315 and VaXe.A 30 from Papua and (jJinkie.fi 1170 from West Irian, giving the overall distribution, in his opinion, as "Burma to Malaya, the Philippines and the Moluccas". In his 1923 work he lists the following Philippine islands: Basilan, Bohol, Bon- gao, Cebu, Guimaras, Luzon, Masbate, Mindanao, Mindoro, Negros, and Panay, where, he says, the species is "Common in thickets and second¬ ary forests at low altitudes". He records it also from "Burma, through Malaya to the Moluccas and the Palau Islands." Ridley (1923) asserts that the species is common near the sea and in low woodlands inland in Singapore, Pahang, Malacca, Perak, Penang, Kelantan, Perlis, Langkawi, and the Nicobar Islands. Dop (1935) cites unnumbered collections of Balansa from Tonkin, of 1934 Moldenke, Notes on GmoJLtna 51 Pierre from Cochinchina, and of Couderc and Pierre from Cambodia, listing it also from Burma, the Malay Archipelago, and the Philip¬ pines. Fletcher (1938) cites the following collections from Thai¬ land: BouAfce A.n., CotUnA 934 & 206 5, Kqaa 2991, 10577, 10666, 10740, 14171, & 17330, LakAh.naka.fia 35S, Mafiean 153, 914. & 1 207, PlU 74, TesijAmann 5941, VanpUik 1013, and OliyuX 411, as well as an unnumber¬ ed Curtis collection from the Langkawi Archipelago. He lists the species from Burma, Indochina, Malaya, and the Philippines, and notes that "The above collections may contain more than one species. K 1 1029 is said to have been collected from a plant grown from seed of Fou.KC.IUZd & VoK- 6eZZ 2969 from Guyana, but the latter is G. j.ajUco. L., as can be seen from the F CnneZZ 1003'- sheet, also said to have originated from the same collection. Material of GmeZZno. eZJUptZco. has been misidentif ied and distrib- 1984 Moldenke, Notes on Gmetxna 53 uted in some herbaria as G. aAtcuttea. L. , G. phtttppenAxA Cham., G. ApeetoAtAAtma G. Don, and even as Senophutantaeeae. On the other hand, Lambent £ Bna nAon 26 and M ennttt 918 are G. etttpttea f. lobata (Gaertn.) Mold., A ehmad 239, Bakhutzen 1 649, ClemenA 286, Leemien 3124, and LbnAtng 12957b are mixtures of the typical form of the spe¬ cies and f. tobata, and GanAau SAN . 47 802 and Keng £ at. K.6210 [field no. 142] are not verbenaceous. Citations: JAMAICA: HanntA £ Bnttton 10784 (N) ; Ktdden A.n. [9. Mch. ’85] (Ca— 10749). ZAIRE: VeAmoeAen A.n. (Br) . INDIA: State undetermined: Blackburn A.n. (T) ; KamohVvenen 202[G alathea Exped. 2011/2022] (Cp, Cp, E — photo, Ld — photo, N — photo); Roxbungh A.n. (Br, Br) ,- Rtehand A.n. (P) ? Watttch 1816 (Cp, cP) . Thailand: BeuAekom £ Phengkhtat 498 (Ac, Ac); Chanoenmayu 415 [Herb. Roy. For. Dept. 5484] (A); Chanoetphol, LaAAen, £ Wanneke 3428 (Ac), 4093 (Ac); Cong- don 241 (Ac); GeeAtnk £ SanttAuk 5223 (Ac),- G. W. Gno ^ 6142 (Ca — 992343, N) ; KoAtenmanA 1191 (w— 2039873) ; LaAAen £ LanAen 34046 (Ac, Ld) ,• LanAen, LanAen, NtetAen, £ SanttAuk 31806 (Ac, Ld) ,• Maxwe££ 77- 312 (Ac), 75-318 (Ac), 76-470 (Ac); Ntyomdham £ cut. 241 (Ac); Pat 74 (Ed); Smtttnand 575 [Herb. Roy. For. Dept. 11919] (Ld) ,- TetjAmann 5941 (Bz— 21261, Bz— 21262). CAMBODIA: B. C. Stone 9343 (Kl— 12615). VIETNAM: Cochinchina: Ptenne A.n. [Bien Loe, 2/1877] (B) , A.n. (B, Ca — 53768) . State undetermined: G. W. Gnofifi 5694 (Ca--300177, Gg — 31097). MALAYA: Johore: M. R. HendeAAOn 18209 (Bz — 21269). Malacca: W. Gnt^tth A.n. [1845] (Br) . Penang: 8. C. Stone. 6170 (Kl — 5907). Perak: Ch In 793 (Kl— 19926) , 927 (Kl— 19927) ; Spane 36731 (Bz— 21348). Selangor: KaAAtm 550 (Kl — 1550, Ne — 33497). Singapore: T. A ndeAAon 134 (Pd); Stnctatn 6414 (W — 2913198). Trengganu: Soepadmo £ Mahmud KLU.9138 (Kl — 12933, Ne — 29985). MALAYAN ISLANDS: Langkawi: B. C. Stone. 6908 (Kl — 7775, Kl) . Prince of Wales: HunteA A.n. [Herb. Rox¬ burgh] (F — photo, Ld — photo, N — photo, Si — photo) . Tioman: 8. C. Stone 11868 (Kl— 19951) . PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Basilan: Vel/one £ Hooven 2 (w — 449552); Sataudtn, Henb. Phtttp. F on.. Ban. 31384 (n) . Bohol: R. C. Me Gnegon, Henb. Phtttp. Baa. Set. 1 220 (w — 439202). Bongao: VateA, Henb. Phtttp. 8 UK. Set. 36303 (Bz — 21208). Cebu: R. C. M cG>iego>i, Henb. Phtttp. Ban. Set. 1704 (Bz — 21218, n, w — 439269]. Guimaras: J. W. Rttekte, Henb . Phtttp. F OK. Ban. 38 (Bz — 21212, N, W— 625713). Jolo: Ktenholz A, n, [June 1923] (Ca— 262821) ; Kondo £ Edano 8871 [Philip. Nat. Herb. 38839] (Bi) . Luzon: J. 1 1 . SantOA 6148 (W— 2246858) . Masbate: W. W. Clank, Henb. Phtttp. Fon. 8 an. 1003 (N, W— 627141). Mindanao: AheAn 331 [31] (Bz— 21213, W— 445673) , 6187 (Bz— 21214) ; M. S. ClemenA 286 in part (Bz— 21215, Mu— 4100) ; Pel lone £ Hooven 136 (w— 449629) ; Elmen 12013 (Bi, bz— 21216, e— 118643, n, vt, w — 712136); EAentton, He^b. Phtttp. 8 an.. Set 21403 (W— 900902); Fentx, Henb. Phtttp. Ban. Sot. 15809 (Cm), 26124 (w— 1293484); F naneo , Henb. Phtttp. Fox. Ban.. 31523 (N) ,- Jaequtnot A.n. [1841] (B) ; MeannA 169 (W— 447506), A.n. [Surigao, April 20, 1904] (w — 447610, w — 447611) ; PaAeua, Henb. Phtttp. Fok. Ban. 30231 (Bz — 21211, Ca — 320988, N, s) RamoA £ Edano, Henb. Phtttp. Ban. Set. 36850 (Bz— 21209, W— 1264733), 48950 (Ca— 324252) ; C. B. R obtnAOn, Henb. Phtttp. Ban. Set. 6692 (Bi) ,- C. M. Weben 1028 (Cm, w — 712258); WttkeA, U. S. Expt. Exped. A.n. [Mindanao] (T) ; R. S. WttttamA 3041 (N, N, Qu) . Mindoro: E. V. Mennttt 914 (E— 118649, N, W— 435883) ; 54 PHYTOLOGIA Vol . 56, No. 1 M enndXt, Henb. PhdJLLp. F on. Bun.. 9798 (Br, E— 118646) . Negros: Elmen 9646 (Bz— 21217, E--118647, N, W— 705400) ; W. V. Pience P. 280 ( W— 1599594). Panay: Ramo-i £ Eda.no, Henb. PhdJLLp. Bun. So c. 31488 (Bz — 21210). Sulu: C. Wnd.ght, Wd^tkeA Exped. A.n. [Sulu Archipelago] (W — 40647). PALAU ISLANDS: Babeldaob: Can^teld 402 (W— 2839219) . Koror: Ka.mhd.na. 2068( n) . Palau: Ka.mhd.na. 2068 (w— 1967159) ; Sheanand & Spence 82 (W— 2985374) . CAROLINE ISLANDS: Arekalong: TakamatAU 1646 (N, W — 2643582). Corol: Kamhd.na 1981 N) . GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Anambas: M. R. HendOJlAOn 2014 7 (Ca — 203934). Banguey: CaAtno 35 [Castro & Melegrito 1334] (Ca — 241483). Bintan: BILnnemedj en 6532 (Bz — 21256). Bohay Dulang: Jumatdn i Toyok SAN. 92461 (Ld) . Celebes: Adjunct- VeeantA i. Gonontalo A.n. (Bz — 21227),- BoAckpnoe^At. 24 (Bz — 21223); VoctenA van Leeuwen 884 (Bz— 21128, bz — 21129), 1750 (ut— 70620), A.n. (Bz— 21137) ; KjMbeng 18 (Bz— 21235, s) ; KoondenA 110 [19527b] (Bz— 21232), 19525b (Bz— 21234) , 19526b (Bz— 21233) ; Lam 2462 (Bz— 21221) ; Noenka6 112 (Bz— 21225, Bz— 21226, Ut— 58006) ; PeAlk 24 (Bz— 21222) ; PoAthumuA 2266 (Bz— 21220) ; R ackmat 255 (Bz— 21228); RenAck 1441 (BZ— 212001) ; TetjAmann 1 1885 (Bz— 21225, Bz— 21226), 14156 (Bz— 21224). Java: Backen 1380 (Bz— 21152) , 2279 (Bz— 21123), 3379 (Bz— 21126), 4383 (Bz— 21114), 7919 (Bz— 21155) , 11317 (Bz— 21134, Bz— 21135), 13971 (Bz— 21111) , 17206 (Bz— 21112, Bz— 21113), 17563 (Bz— 21121), 17909 (Bz— 21156, Bz— 21157), 18835 (Bz— 21133), 23367 (Bz— 21151), 2457 6 (Bz— 21158) , 25490 (Bz— 21150) , 26506 (Bz— 21122), 34141 (Bz— 21074, Bz— 21075) , 34142 (Bz— 21076) , 34143 (Bz— 21077), 34144 (Bz— 21078), 34146 (Bz— 21079) , 34147 (Bz— 21080); Bakh.UA.zen 391 (Bz— 21072) , 1116 (Bz— 21104) , 1 188 (Bz— 21095) , 1649 in part (Bz— 21117, Bz — 21118, Ca— 235322, Ca— 265957, Ut— 24902A) ; Beumee 1731 (Bz— 21199), 1880 (Bz— 21089) , 3473 (Bz— 21094) , 3486 (Bz— 21140, Bz— 21141), 3888 (Bz— 21142) , 4767 (Bz— 21116) , 5067 (Bz— 21131), 4.n. [1/11/1924] (Bz— 21124, Bz— 21125) ; Boenlage A.n. [16 Mrt. 1897] (Bz— 21119) ; Bnud.nd.en (?) 208 (Bz— 21130) ; BudjAman 200 (ut— 11492) ; Buwalda 7331 (Bz— 72918) ; EdeJUng 62 (Mi), A.n. (Bz— 21105); Fnanck 116 (Bz— 21088) ; HalLieJl 46 (Bz— 21143), A.n. (Bz— 21100); Henb. Bot. Stockh. A.n. (s) ; Hoogenwenfi 38 (bz — 21087) ; KoondenA 272 * [28172b] (Bz— 21177), 363 [9734b] (Bz— 21159) , 497* [25213b] (Bz— 21174, Bz— 25575), 894* [30361b] (Bz— 21161) , 1149* [20655b] (Bz— 21180), 1751* [31099b] (Bz— 21160) , 1864* [30220b] (Bz— 21181), 9735 (Bz— 21172), 9736 (Bz— 21173), 9737b (Bz— 21169) , 1 1681b [1785m] (Bz— 21168), 1 1682b (Bz— 21170) , 13491b (Bz— 21171) , 14816b (Bz— 21162, Bz— 21163), 21323b (Bz— 21181) , 25213b (Pd), 25502b [426d] (Bz— 21175, Bz— 21176, Bz— 25576) , 27584b (Bz— 21164) , 27601b (BZ— 21165, BZ— 21166), 36772b (Bz— 21167) ; KoAtenmanA 4009 (Bz— 72917); Kuntze 4961 (N) , 5 304 (N) ; Ltinzing 667 (Bz— 21128), 972 (Bz— 21127), 3367 (Bz— 21251), 3726 (Bz— 21252) ; MoACOmp 35 (Bz— 21073) ; MouAAet 443 (Bz— 21153) ; Nottee 4009 (Bz— 21091, Bz— 21092); R ed.miandt A.n. (s) ; Sdebold A.n. [Java] (Mu— 740) ; Slooten 231 (Bz— 21101, Bz — 21115); Soegandd.nedjo 267 (Bz— 21146, bz— 21147) ,• Thonenaan 188 [9] (Bz— 21102, Bz— 21103); dttle 4 (Bz— 21154) ; l /aleton A.n. [2 Mrt. 1905] (Bz — 21120); Wanman A.n. (s) . Kalimantan: KoAtenmanA 21273 (E— 1830233, N) ; WinkZen 2270 (Bz— 21064). Kangean: Backen 267 69 (BZ— 21192), 27 937 (Bz— 21183) ; VommenA 25 (Bz— 21193) , 270 (Bz— 21184) . Lingga: Blinnemed./ en 6982 (Bz — 21255) . [to be continued] CHROMOSOME COUNTS FROM NEW MEXICO AND MEXICO Darrell E. Ward Department of Biology New Mexico State University Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003 U.S.A. The counts reported here are the result of general collecting in New Mexico and in northern Chihuahua, Mexico (see also Ward 1983a and 1983b). Most agree with previously published counts, but a few are unique and may provide clues suggesting intraspecific chromosomal variation, and the majority of them expand the cytogeographical knowledge into this area. Cytological techniques are the same as in Ward, 1983b. Vouchers are deposited at NMC with duplicates of some also in NY, TEX, MO, or UNM. The following codes for collectors are used in the listing: RJS = Robert Soreng, RWS = Richard Spellenberg and W = Darrell Ward. All collections are from New Mexico unless otherwise stated. ACANTHACEAE Carlowr ightia linearifolia (Torr.) Gray. n=18. Luna Co., Cooke Range, S of Rattlesnake Canyon. RJS & W 1764. Elytrar ia imbricata (Vahl) Pers. n=ll. Hidalgo Co., Skeleton Canyon, 2.5 km E of Arizona border. RWS 6303. AIZOACEAE Tr ianthema portulacastrum L. n=28. Doha Ana Co., yard weed in southern Las Cruces. RWS 6233. AMARANTHACEAE Amaranthus hybr idus L. n=16. San Juan Co., roadside of NM-17, 25 km N of Farmington. RWS & M 6189. Tidestromia lanuginosa (Nutt.) Standi, var. lanuginosa. n=10. Dona Ana Co., southern Las Cruces. H 83-025. (Possible first count for the genus.) ASTERACEAE Artemisia frigida Willd. n=9. San Juan Co., 5 km E of NM-17, 8 km N of La Plata. RWS. H £ Collyer 6168. hstSiL f rondosus (Nutt.) Torr. & Gray. n=8. San Juan Co., 1.5 km S of Fruitland, Navajo Coal Mine. RWS & H 7570. Aster hesper ius Gray var. hesper ius. n=36. San Juan Co., southern edge of Fruitland. RWS & M 7599. Baileya multiradiata Harv. & Gray. n=16. Dona Ana Co., NMSU campus. Las Cruces. H 80-066. Brickellia scabra (Gray) A. Nels. n=9. San Juan Co., 16 km SE of Shiprock. RWS & M 6093. Engelmannia pinnatif ida Torr. & Gray. n=9. Guadalupe Co., northern Santa Rosa. iL_ RWS £ RJS 81-214. Erigeron bellidiastrum Nutt. var. bellidiastrum. n=18. San Juan Co., 8 km N of La Plata. RWS. Jtf £ Collyer 6176. 55 56 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 1 Erigeron flagellar is Gray. n=9. Sierra Co., Black Range, Diamond Creek, 18 km W of Chloride. W it Todsen 81-178. Erigeron neomexicanum Gray. n=9. Hidalgo Co., Peloncillo Mtns., Skeleton Canyon, 2.5 km E of Arizona border. RWS 6317. Gaillardia pinnatifida Torr. var. pinnatifida. n=17. Lincoln Co., US-54 roadside, 19 km S of Corona. W*. RWS k RJS 81-273. Gutierrez ia glutinosa (Schauer) Sch. Bip. n=8. Lincoln Co., US-54 roadside, 19 km S of Corona. W j_ RWS it RJS 81-282. Heterotheca horr ida (Rydb.) Harms. n=18. San Juan Co., E side of hogback, 16 km SE of Shiprock. RWS it W 6096. ife-t.eiQtheca villdsa (Pursh) Shinners var. villosa. n=9. Dona Ana Co., Organ Mtns., AguirreSprings Recreation Area. W k AlSUffi 81-156. Hymenopappus tenuifolius Pursh. n=17. Guadalupe Co., along US-54, 1 km N of Vaughn. W/_ RWS it RJS 81-213: and Harding Co., NM-120 roadside, 6 km W of Roy. W*. RWS k RJS 81-266 a. Hymenoxys argentea (Gray) Parker. n=15. Lincoln Co., US-54 roadside, 19 km S of Corona. ih_ RWS it RJS 81-283. Machaer anther a canescens (Pursh) Gray. n=4. San Juan Co., 1.5 km S of Fruitland, Navajo Coal Mine. RWS it W 7577. Machaer anther a tephrodes (Gray) Greene. n=4. Hidalgo Co., Peloncillo Mtns., Skeleton Canyon, 3 km E of Arizona border. RWS 6323. Malacothr ix fendleri Gray. n=7. Dona Ana Co., Faulkner Canyon, 19 km NW of Las Cruces. W it RJS 83-011. Platyschkuhria integrifolia (Gray) Rydb. var. oblong if olia (Gray) Ellison. n=12. San Juan Co., Navajo Reservation, Navajo Coal Mine, 16 km SW of Fruitland. RWS it W 7598. Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) W. & S. n=14. Harding Co., Kiowa National Grasslands, 13 km W of Mills. W 81-221a. Senecio neomexicanus Gray var. mutabilis (Greene) Barkeley. n=46. Hidalgo Co., Peloncillo Mtns., Clanton Draw. RWS 5962. Senecio r iddellii Torr. & Gray. n=20. San Juan Co., 6.5 km N of La Plata. RWS, W it Collyer 6183. Townsendia annua Beaman. n=9. Dona Ana Co., 10 km W of Las Cruces. W k Forbes 82-005. Townsendia formosa Greene. n=9. Otero Co., Sacramento Mtns., 8 km NE of Cloudcroft. RJS. RWS it W 2031. Viguiera longif olia (Robins. & Greenm.) Blake. n=8. Hidalgo Co., Peloncillo Mtns., Skeleton Canyon, 2.5 km E of Arizona border. RWS 6315. BIGNON IACEAE Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. var. angustata Rehd. n=18. MEXICO, Chihuahua, 4 km W of MEX-45, 70 km S of Cd. Juarez. W it RWS 81-326b. BRASSICACEAE Erysimum capitatum (Dougl.) Greene. n=18. Dona Ana Co., Organ Mtns., Aguirre Springs Recreation Area. RJS k W 2111. Wsrisyrenia linear ifolia (Wats.) Greene. n=8. Lincoln Co., US-54 roadside, 19 km S of Corona. iU RWS k RJS 81-285. 1984 Ward, Chromosome counts 57 Thelypodium integrif olium (Nutt.) Endl. var. gxacilip.es Robins. n=13. San Juan Co., 6 km N of La Plata, 3.5 km E of NM-17. RWS. M k Col Iyer 6131- Thelypodium integrif olium (Nutt.) Endl. var. integrif olium. n=13. Harding Co., 8 km W of Mills. W 81-261. CACTACEAE Opuntia leptocaulis DC. n= ca. 22. MEXICO, Chihuahua, 4 km W of MEX-45, 70 km S of Cd. Juarez. M k RWS 81-328 Opuntia violacea Engelm. var. violacea. n=22. Dona Ana Co., Tortugas Mtn., 3 mi E of Las Cruces. W k RWS 82-002. COMMELINACEAE Commelina erecta L. var. angustif olia (Michx.) Fern. n=30. MEXICO, Chihuahua, 4 km W of MEX-45, 70 km S of Cd. Juarez. M k RWS 81-329. CONVOLVULACEAE Convolvulus incanus Vahl. n=12. Harding Co., Canon Blanco, 13 km W of Roy. M/_ Fisher k Limerick 81-241. Cuscuta campestr is Yuncker. n=28. San Juan Co., 6 km N of La Plata along NM-17. EMS k W 6143. Cuscuta suaveolens Seringe. n=14. Dona Ana Co., Las Cruces. HAEiS 81-167. Ipomaea coccinea L. var. coccinea. n=15. Hidalgo Co., Peloncillo Mtns., Skeleton Canyon. RWS 6342. CUCURBITACEAE Apodanthera undulata Gray. n=14. MEXICO, Chi¬ huahua, 4 km W of MEX-45, 70 km S of Cd. Juarez. M k RWS 81- 330. (Possible first count for the genus.) CYPERACEAE Car ex foenea Willd. n=40. Lincoln Co., White Mtns., Eagle Creek Canyon, 5.6 air km WNW of Alto. M k Arsuf f i 81- 092. Eleocharis macrostachya Britt. & Small. n=8. San Juan Co., 6 km N of La Plata. RH2 k M 6146. Hemic alpha micrantha (Vahl.) Britt, var drummondii (Nees) Friedl. n=27. Hidalgo Co., Peloncillo Mtns., Skeleton Canyon, 2.5 km E of Arizona border. RWS 6302. EUPHORB IACEAE Croton dioicus Cav. n=14. MEXICO, Chihuahua, 2 km E of MEX-45, 3 km NE of Samalayuca. M k RWS 81-321. Euphorbia chamaesula Boiss. n=13. Sierra Co., Black Range, Taylor Canyon beside USFS-226. M k Todsen 81-190. Euphorbia glyptosperma Engelm. n=ll. San Juan Co., Navajo Reser¬ vation, Navajo Coal Mine, Cottonwood Arroyo. RWS k M 7595. Euphorbia marginata Pursh. n=28. Harding Co., Canon Blanco, 13 km w of Roy. Mi Fisher k Limerick 81-241. Euphorbia missurica Raf. var. intermedia (Engelm.) Whir. n=12. San Juan Co., 6 km E of NM-17, 8 km N of La Plata. RWS. M k Collyer 6172. FABACEAE Acacia constricta Gray. n=13. MEXICO, Chihuahua, 4 km W of MEX-45, 70 km S of Cd. Juarez. M k RWS 81-327a. 58 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 1 Acacia neovernicosa Isley. n=13. MEXICO, Chihuahua, E of MEX-45, 8 km N of Moctezuma. if A RWS 81-332. Acacia schaf fneri (S. Wats.) Herm. var. bravoensis Isley. n=13. MEXICO, Chihuahua, E of MEX-45, 8 km N of Moctezuma. if A EHS 81-335. Astragalus hallii Gray var. fallax (Wats.) Barneby. n=ll. Grant Co., Mogollon Mtns., USFS-147, 11 km NNW of Buckhorn. RJS & if 2142. Astragalus praelongus Sheld. var. praelongus. n=ll. Mora Co., NM-120 roadside, 10 km E of Wagon Mound. if*. RWS A RJS 81-270. Cassia roemeriana Scheele. n=14. Guadalupe Co., 15 km N of Cuervo. iL. EifS A M2S 81-217. Dalea jamesii (Torr.) Torr. & Gray. n=7. Grant Co., Mogollon Mtns., USFS-147, 11 km NNW of Buckhorn. RJS it if 2139. Lotus hum i stratus Greene. n=7. Grant Co., Mogollon Mtns., Little Dry Creek, 16 km SE of Glenwood. MS A if 2136. Lupinus laetus W. & S. n=24. Lincoln Co., 13 km SSW of Cloudcroft along USFS-64. if A Weems 83-021 Rhynchosia texana Torr. & Gray. n=ca. 11. Catron Co., Mogollon Mtns., Sheridan Gulch, 10 km SE of Glenwood. RJS A if 2121 • All meiotic chromosomes sets seen had extreme stickiness. Vicia exigua Nutt, ex Torr. & Gray. n=7. Doha Ana Co., Organ Mtns., 18 km E of Las Cruces. if A RJS 82-008a. GENTIANACEAE Centaur ium texense (Griseb.) Fernald. n=21. Otero Co., White Sands National Monument. RJS A RWS 2107 GERANIACEAE Geranium caespitosum Jones. n=26. Doha Ana Co., Organ Mtns., Aguirre Springs Recreation Area. if A Arsuff i 81~ 151. HYDRO PHYLLACEAE Eucrypta micrantha (Torr.) Heller. n=6. Doha Ana Co., Robledo Mtn., 17 km NNW of Las Cruces. if it MLS 83-002. Nama hispidum Gray var. mentzelii Brand. n=7. MEXICO, Chihuahua, 65 km N of Cd. Chihuahua. if it RWS 81-343. Phacelia bombycina W. & S. n=ll. Grant Co., Mangas Springs, 23 km NW of Silver City, if a Salazar 82=011. LAMIACEAE Monarda menthaef olia Graham. n=18. Lincoln Co., White Mtns., 5 km WNW of Alto, i EifS A MIS 82-036. Salvia henryi Gray. n=14. NM, Doha Ana Co., N end of Robledo Mtn., 18 km NW of Las Cruces. RWS & RJS 7007. LILIACEAE Allium cernuum Roth var. obtusum Cocke. n=7. Lincoln Co., White Mtns.., 5 km WNW of Alto. iL-EifS it MIS 82-037. Allium macropetal urn Rydb. n=7. Doha Ana Co., Organ Mtns., 21 km E of Las Cruces. RWS A Singer 5956. LINACEAE Linum aristatum Engelm. n=15. MEXICO, Chihuahua, 1 km E of MEX-45, 3 km NE of Samalayuca. if A RWS 81-323. Linum puberulum (Engelm.) Heller. n=16. San Juan Co., 8 km N of La Plata. RWS. If A Collyer 6171. 1984 Ward, Chromosome counts 59 LOASACEAE Mentzelia pumila (Nutt.) Torr. & Gray. var. pumila. n=9. Lincoln Co., US-54 roadside, 19 km S of Corona. RWS £ RJR MALVACEAE Abutilon sonorae Gray. n=7. Hidalgo Co., Peloncillo Mtns., Skeleton Canyon, 2.5 km E of Arizona border. RWS 6294. Sida abutifolia MUller. n=7. MEXICO, Chihuahua, just E of MEX-45, 5 km N of El Sueco. W £ RWS 81-339: and Doha Ana Co., US-70 roadside, 1 km W of Organ. RWS £ RJS 6200. (This second report is a correction (brought to attention by P. Fryxell, personal communication) of information listed as Sida f ilicaulis in Ward, 1983b. Chromosomal stickiness made determination uncertain.) Sphaeralcea coccinea (Pursh) Rydb. var. elata (Baker f.) Kearney. n=10. Grant Co., Mangas Springs, 29 km NW of Silver City beside US-180. RJS £ H 2115. Sphaeralcea digitata (Greene) Rydb. var. digitata. n=5. Doha Ana Co., northern end of Robledo Mtn., 18 km NW of Las Cruces. RWS £ 7010. Sphaeralcea laxa W. & S. n=10. Catron Co., Mogollon Mtns., 10 km SE of Glenwood. RJS £ M 2122. Sphaeralcea leptophylla (Gray) Rydb. n=10. Grant Co., City of Rocks State Park, 30 km NW of Deming. RJS £ W 2154. ORCBANCHACEAE Conopholis mexicana Gray. n=20. Lincoln Co., White Mtns., northern Ruidoso. M 82-034. PLANTA3 INACEAE Plantago purshii R. & S. var. picta (Morris) Pilg. n=6. Hidalgo Co., Peloncillo Mtns., Geronimo Trail road 2.5 km W of junction with NM-338. RWS 5961. PQLEMCNIACEAE Gilia ophthalmoides Brand var. australis A. & V. Grant. n=18. Doha Ana Co., Lookout Peak, 17 km N of Las Cruces. RWS £ RJS 7008: and 18 km NNW of Las Cruces. H £ RJS 83-QQ4. Gilia subnuda Torr. ssp. subnuda. n=9. San Juan Co., 6.5 km N of La Plata, 1 km W of NM-17. RWS. ]j £ Col Iyer 6137. Ipomopsis longiflora (Torr.) V. Grant. n=7. Lincoln Co., US-54 roadside, 34 km S of Carrizozo. Kt. RWS £ RJS 81-209? and San Juan Co., 6 km N of La Plata. RWS £ H 6155. PQlemonium foliosissimum Gray var. foliosissimum (Gray) Anway. n=9. Lincoln Co., White Mtns., Eagle Creek Canyon, 5.5 km WNW of Alto. W al. 81-204. POLYGON ACEAE Er iogonum hookeri S. Watson. n=20. San Juan Co., Navajo Reservation, Navajo Coal Mine, Cottonwood Arroyo. RWS £ M 7596. Er iogonum scabrellum Reveal. n=20. San Juan Co., Navajo Reservation, Navajo Coal Mine. RWS £ jj 7594. RHAMNACEAE Condalia warnockii Johnston. n=24. MEXICO, Chihua¬ hua, 3 km S of Samalayuca, 1 km E of MEX-45. if £ RWS 81-324. 60 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 1 RUBIACEAE Hedyotis nigricans (Lam.) Fosb. var. rigidiuscula (Gray) Shinners. n=ll. Guadalupe Co., 1 km N of Vaughn. RWS, RJS £ ft 6076; and Wj. RWS £ RJS 81-212. RUTACEAE Thamnosma texana (Gray) Torr. n=9. Doha Ana Co., Robledo Mtn., 18 km NNW of Las Cruces. ft £ RJS 83-019. (Possible first count for the genus.) SAXIFRAGACEAE Fendlerella utahensis (Wats.) Heller. n=13. MEXICO, Chihuahua, N end of Sierras de las Candelarias, 70 km S of Cd. Juarez. RWS 6089. SCROPHULARIACEAE Castilleja integra Gray. n=24. Hidalgo Co., Peloncillo Mtns., Clanton Canyon, 4 km E of NM-AZ border. ft £ Salazar 82-Q.2&. Castilleja mexicana Hemsl. n=12. MEXICO, Chihuahua, 50 km N of Cd. Chihuahua, just W of MEX-45. ft £ Worthington 81-3.41. Maurandya w i s~l i zeni i Engelm. n=12. MEXICO, Chihuahua, 2 km E of MEX-45, 3 km NE of Samalayuca. ft £ RWS 81-320. Mimulus g~l abratus H.B.K. n=30. Grant Co., Mangas Spring, 27 km NW of Silver City, ft .and Salazar 82-013. Mimulus guttatus D.C. n=14. Dona Ana Co., Organ Mtns, 18 km E of Las Cruces, ft £ RJS 82-008. Penstemon ambiguus Torr. n=8. Luna Co., US-70 roadside, 2 km E of Akela. RWS 6350. Penstemon barbatus (Cav.) Roth ssp. torreyi (Benth.) Keck. n=8. Harding Co., grasslands, 8 km W of Mills, ft al. 81-255. VALERIANACEAE Valeriana arizonica Gray. n=8. Lincoln Co., Eagle Creek Canyon, 6.4 km WNW of Alto, ft al. 81-028. Valeriana edulis Nutt. n=32. Lincoln Co., White Mtns., Eagle Creek Canyon, 11 km NW of Ruidoso. RJS, RWS £ ft 2029, and Karr Canyon, 10 km SW of Cloudcroft. ft £ Weems 83-022. VERBENACEAE Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr. n=7. Guadalupe Co., limestone bluffs, 0.8 km N of Vaughn. ftj_ RWS £ RJS 81~21Q» Verbena perennis Wooton. n=7. Guadalupe Co., limestone bluffs, 0.8 km N of Vaughn. RWS. RJS & W 6077. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Peganum mexicanum Gray. n=12. MEXICO, Chihuahua, justE of MEX-45, 16 km S of Villa Ahumada. ft £ RWS 81~331» LITERATURE CIIED Ward, D. 1983a. IR LCve, A. IOPB Chromosome Number Reports - LXXX. Taxon 32(3); 510-511. Ward, D. 1983b. Chromosome counts from New Mexico and southern Colorado. Phytologia 54: 302-308. BOOK REVIEWS Alma L. Moldenke "TEXAS WILDFLOWERS - A Field Guide" by Campbell & Lynn Loughmiller, xiii & 271 pp. , 381 color photo., 13 multi-fig. glossary & text & 1 map. University of Texas Press, P. 0. Box 7819, Austin, Texas 78712. 1934. $19.95 clothbound, $10.95 paperbound. For over three decades this photographer-naturalist-author couple has dedicatedly and exquisitely photographed thousands of the wild flowers of their state. Over 300 Tfiostly nerbs along with a few shrubs, woody vines and trees have, been arranged alphabetically by family and within each by scientific name. Common names, descriptive text and beautiful photographs are provided. The authors add "the area where each flower was photographed" and the general range "to show approximate boundaries within which a species grows". There pur¬ posely is no key, but repeated page-thumbing is a gratifying experi¬ ence. The Texas lantana is now known as L , u.tiXA.C.O-LdZA as the plant to which the name L. koK>vidjx, used in the book, is more truly ap¬ plied, with is very spiny and densely white-hirsute stems, grows naturally only south of our border. Part of the sales proceeds of this fine book will go to help support the new Natural Wildflower Re¬ search Center in Austin. "THE BLACK WIDOW SPIDER" by Raymond W. Thorp & Weldon D. Woodson, xii & 222 pp. , 22 b/w photo. & 1 draw. Dover Publications Inc., New York, N. Y. 10014. 1976. $3.50 paperbound. This is an unabridged, many times replicated copy of "Black Widow; America's Most Poisonous Spider" from the University of North Carolina Press, 1945. It surveys the legend and lore of poisonous spi¬ ders including this LcutAO dtctuA macXanA , its scientific classification, life cycle, diet, web-building and home sites, world-wide distribution, control, and the varying effects on the humans it bites. The amount of venom voluntarily injected and the victim's health determine the inten¬ sity of the adverse symptoms up to and including death. Drop for drop its venom is much more poisonous than that of the rattlesnake or cobra. Since the original publication of this book some progress has been made in antivenin production and in the destruction of some favorite habitats by the replacement of the outhouse by modern indoor bathrooms. The book reads easily and interestingly. 61 62 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 1 "GORILLAS IN THE MIST" by Dian Fossey, xxiii & 326 pp. , 24 color photo., 75 b/w photo., 57 fig., 4 tab. & 4 maps. Houghton Miff¬ lin, Boston, Massachusetts 02108. 1983. $19.95. Some of these meticulously related life stories of the mountain gorilla are known to most of our readers from reports in the National Geographic, television programs and illustrated nature and travel lectures. They should be extra appreciative of this very reasonably priced book covering the thirteen years of field observations by the fine scientist-author. The "mist" is on the Virunga mountains: first on Mt. Mikeno where George Schaller did his studies and second on Mt. Visoke after political upheaval made work there too adventurously perilous. There are many fine illustrations as well as end-cover drawings of several known ape faces with their distinctive noseprints. Informative appendices list the plants utilized by the gorilla study groups, the census findings, the mapped ranges of the study groups, their vocalizations, autopsy findings and parasitology research. There are only 242 of these animals left at the last count and none surviving in zoos. This is half the number reported by Schaller earlier in the century. "THE FACTS ON FILE DICTIONARY OF ARCHAEOLOGY", edited by Ruth D. Whitehouse, v & 597 pp. , 43 b/w fig.. & 9 tab. Facts on File Publications, New York, N. Y. 10016. 1983. $24.95. "Archaeology today is both a popular subject . and a flourishing professional discipline . Because the subject editors and other contributors are all professional archaeologists at the front of their respective fields, the Dictionary incorporates a body [over 3500 entries] of up-to-date information which should be useful to students and to scholars in areas outside their own specializations. However, because the language is where possible non-technical, this informa¬ tion is accessible also to the non-specialist." Truly, the language is lucid with one of the clearest explanations of the nature and use of carbon dating that I have seen in print. There is considerable cross-referencing. The scope is worldwide. . "THE PHYSICIANS' AND PHARMACISTS' GUIDE TO YOUR MEDICINES" compiled by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc., xx & 521 pp. Ballantine Books of Random House, New York, N. Y. 10022. 1982. $9.95 paperbound. Since the readers of this journal have both an aroused curiosity about almost all things biological and since probably most of them, their family members, or friends, are on medication of one sort or another, perusing this publication will probably prove most interest¬ ing and may provide helpful amplification of their doctor's directions. The information herein presented has been prepared by the same organi¬ zation that "sets the official standards of strength, quality, purity, packaging, and labeling for medical products used in the United 1984 Moldenke, Book reviews 63 States." For the hundreds of medications included there are given generic, brand names, forms, manner (s) of administration, proper uses, precautions and possible side effects. The material is all logically presented and makes a handy home reference. "vegetationsOkologische grundlagen der viehwirtschaft in den ObERSCHWEMMUNGS-SAVANNEN DES RIO YACUMA (Departamento Beni, Bolivien) " by Stephan Beck in DISSERTATIONES BOTANICAE, Band 80, ix & 214 pp. , 44 tab., 33 fig., 12 b/w photo. & 4 maps. J. Cramer Verlag, FL-9490 Vaduz, West Germany. 1983. Brief abstracts in English, Spanish and German report aphyto- sociological classification of the more than 30 herbaceous and shrub¬ by vegetation types found on a large lowland Bolivian cattle ranch. Exclusive of gallery forest vegetation (not of interest to the cattle) , over 400 plant species were identified, typed and noted as to grazing potential, human use, fire susceptibility, soil texture and drainage control (60 — 90% of the land is annually inundated) . The botanical studies herein reported are very carefully done. The illustrative materials are helpful additions and the many tables or¬ ganize the information effectively. The author gives his Bolivian headquarters address as Instituto de Ecologia, Convenio UMSA-GOttin- gen, Cajon Postal 20127, La Paz, as another source for the procure¬ ment of this publication. "GUIDE TO THE PRICES OF ANTIQUARIAN AND SECONDHAND BOOKS 1979 — 1982 Flowering Plants" compiled by L. Vogelenzang, xiv & 760 pp. Boerhaave Press, P. O. Box 1051, 2302 Leiden, Netherlands. 1983. Dfl. 85. This valuable and unique publication shall surely prove of great assistance to college and university botany departments, to libraries of botanical institutions and research stations and to botanists who enjoy collecting or need access to certain publications not locally available. Over 8,000 titles of books, monographs, reprints, floras and fine illustrated botanical and natural history works are herein catalogued from over 70 secondhand and antiquarian listed dealers from all over the world except Russia. Bibliographic details are recorded for each publication, such as author (s), edition, pages, figures, and plates. The I.S.B.N. listing for this publication is 90 70153 17 3. Prices are given in Deutschmarks and U. S. dol¬ lars. What a tremendous job this librarian of the Ri jksherbarium in Leiden has performed in preparing this book! 64 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56. No. 1 "DIAGNOSIS OF MINERAL DISORDERS IN PLANTS Volume I Principles" by C. Bould (deceased), E. J. Hewitt & P. Needham, 174 pp. , 94 color pi., 9 b/w pi., 14 tab. & 26 fig. Chemical Publishing Co., Inc., New York, N. Y. 10011. 1984. $50.00. This study owes much to Dr. T. Wallace, his followers at the Long Ashton Research Station of the University of Bristol and the editions of his "Diagnosis of Mineral Deficiencies in Plants by Visual Symp¬ toms". This new book is "aimed to inform at an appropriate level, advisers, final year students, graduates with an interest in plant nutrition and well informed farmers and growers . how nutrient de¬ ficiencies can give rise to characteristic visual symptoms, methods of diagnosing mineral deficiencies and the treatment of mineral dis¬ orders in the field." The text is carefully prepared and reads well. The many color illustrations of plants with a great range or single and combined mineral deficiencies more than supplement the text. The last chapter provides treatment for these mineral deficiencies in the field. "DIAGNOSIS OF MINERAL DISORDERS IN PLANTS Volume 2 Vegetables" by Alan Scaife & Mary Turner, 96 pp. , 230 color photo., 7 b/w photo., 3 tab. & 3 fig. Chemical Publishing Co., Inc., New York, N. Y. 10011. 1984. $62.50. This volume is obviously devoted to field vegetables; future volumes will cover glasshouse crops, fruits and forage crops. Many of the excellent, clear photographs that contrast healthy with miner- ally deprived plants or their parts were provided by Philip Wood of the National Vegetable Research Station in Wellesbourne . They and the associated text provide valuable source material for identifica¬ tion and treatment purposes for the advanced student, research worker and farmer. This is surely going to be a highly important set of publications . "FUNDAMENTALS OF PLANT PATHOLOGY" Second Edition by Daniel A. Roberts & Carl W. Boothroyd, xvi & 432 pp. , 90 b/w photo., 32 fig. & 22 tab. W. H. Freeman & Co., New York, N. Y. 10010. 1984. $29.95, ■Over a decade ago I evaluated the first edition as "definitely one of the better phytopathology texts" and I do the same for this new edition with its increased coverage of control of causative agents and of epidemiology and with its good new illustrations, fine new tables and updated references. I especially appreciate its helpful logical organizational plan of presenting basic principles first and then the grouped specific diseases illustrative of these principles, emphasizing the diseased plant a la McNew rather than the specific symptoms. I believe that this is the most effective way for organizing at least the first course in this field. A couple of words are mis¬ spelled. Dr. Dodge, of N(UlfL06p0JUl fame, is given a wrong initial, and bacteria are given both their modern classification in Kingdom ?H.0t0- kafiyotae. and a few pages later as plants. PH YTOLOGI A An international journal to expedite botanical and phytoecological publication Vol. 56 August 1984 No. 2 CONTENTS SCHUSTER. R. M., Diagnoses of some new taxa of Hepaticae . 65 FOOTE, M. A., The algae of New Jersey (U.S.A.) VII. Chlorophyta ( Green Algae) B. Ulvales, Cladophorales and Oedogonales ... 75 TURNER, B. L., Taxonomy of the genus Aphanostephus (Asteraceae — Aster eae) . 81 MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the genus Gmelina. IV . 102 MOLDENKE, A. L., Book reviews . 127 LIBRARY AUG 21 1984 NtW YUkK BOTANICAL GARDEN Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 303 Parkside Road Plainfield, New Jersey 07060 U.S.A. Price of this number $3.00; for this volume $14.00 in advance or $15.00 after close of the volume; $5.00 extra to all foreign addresses and domestic dealers; 512 pages constitute a complete volume; claims for numbers lost in the mails must be made immediately after receipt of the next following number for free replacement; back volume prices apply if payment is received after a volume is closed. DIAGNOSES OF SOME NEW TAXA OF HEPATICAE Rudolf M. Schuster Cryptogamic Laboratory Hadley, Massachusetts In several recent papers dealing with classification of the Hepaticae (Schuster, 1979, 198*0 a number of new taxa of liverworts are dealt with at several distinct levels — in most cases only in outline classifications or in synopses of groups. No opportunity ex¬ isted in these cases to validate new taxa; the following Latin diag¬ noses are intended to provide the needed validation. The conceptual bases for these groups are dealt with here rather briefly. They will be treated in more detail in the forthcoming treatment of the Hepaticae for Engler & Prantl, Die HatUrlichen Pflanzen- familien. In some instances only the barest minimum Latin diagnosis is given; fuller diagnoses, in English, will appear elsewhere. 1. METZGERIAIES: Pallaviciniineae Schust., subord. n. Subordo similis Blasiineis et Metzgeriineis capsulis ovoideis ad cylindricas; a Blasiineis dif- ferens ut squamae lamellatae ventrales nullae et capsula 2 valvas habet; a Metzgeriineis differens ut gametangia dorsalia et per squamas laciniaeve protecta. Type . Pallaviciniaceae. The Pallaviciniineae appear to be sharply defined by the combin¬ ation of (a) ellipsoidal to cylindrical capsules, typically opening by 2 slits, the valves coherent at the apices; (_b) gametophyte often vascularized; (£) an elaterophore usually not distinct. In addition to the type family Pallaviciniaceae, two small fam¬ ilies appear to belong here: Sandeothallaceae (Schust.) Schust. (with only Sandeothallus) and Makinoaceae Nakai (with Makinoa Miyaki and, probably, Verdoornia Schust.). Subfam. Podomitrioideae Schust., subf. n. Subfamilia ab aliis subfamiliis Pallaviciniacearum distincta (a) rarais game tangiali bus abbreviatis, et cf et 9 ramis longitudine determinatis, distincta etiam gynoeciis acrogynosis. Type. Podomitnum Mitt., an austral genus with only 2 or 3 species. The Podomitrioideae differ from all other Pallaviciniaceae in the highly reduced latero-ventral, intercalary, gametangial branches. The 9 branch exhibits a radial or nearly radial organization and am acrogynous condition; even if there is no fertilization, the gynoe- cium remains terminal. The cf branch is also determinate in length and the antheridia occur in 2 rows, somewhat sunken in dorsal alveoli; no discernible lamelliform scales are developed (cf. Schuster, 1984, fig. 42). 65 66 PHYTOLOGIA Vol . 56, No. 2 Makinoaceae subf. Verdoornioideae Schust., subf. n. Subfamilia a subf. Makinoaceis differens ut (a) antheridia dispersa, in thallo singulatim depressa, differens etiam (b) guttae olei magnae, paucae in cellula. Type . Verdoornia Schust. TSchuster, 1964). The sessile, short archegonia, with many cell rows in the highly abbreviated and hardly distinct neck are an unusual feature of Ver¬ doornia. By contrast, in Makinoa archegonia are "normal," flask¬ shaped, with, typically, 5 cell rows in the elongated neck (cf. Ren- zaglia, 1932, figs. 325, 329-31; Schuster, 1984a, fig. 28:8). This suggests that perhaps a familial segregation between the two genera is appropriate. However, in order to avoid too many monogeneric families in the Metzgeriales, this procedure is, for the moment at least, not adopted. The subfamily name Verdoornioideae first appears in Schuster (1966). Subord. Blasiineae Schust., subord. n. Subordo a subordinibus propinquis Metzgeriineis et Pallaviciniineis differens ut (a) duae series squamarum ventralium planarum, etiam (b) gemmae pluricellu- lares praesentes, etiam (£) organa sexualia dorsalia et in cavis thalli depressa. Type Family. Blasiaceae Klinggr. The Blasiineae, with the single family Blasiaceae, are striking¬ ly isolated from other Metzgeriales — including in the ulstrastructure of the antherozoid. Both known genera are unique in the presence of specialized auriculate ventral appendages, domatia, which shield colonies of Cyanophyta. Subord. Hymenophytineae Schust., subord. n. Subordo Metzgeriineis similis(et a omnibus subordinibus Metzgerialium insignis) ut rami ga- metangiales determinati reductique; a Metzgeriineis indignis ut fila ducentia thalli distincta, insignis necnon ut divisio distincta inter systema geotropicum organorum rhizoideorum et frondes dichotomas erectas. Type Family. Hyraenophytaceae Schust. (1964). Type. Hymeno- phytum Dumort., the only genus, with 2 species. The Hymenophytineae represent a unique end point in evolution in the Metzgeriales, the creeping, rhizoidous and "root "-bearing rhi¬ zomes plus erect, stipitate, megaphyll-like "fronds" simulating small Hymenophyllum spp. Although the reduced gametangial branches + vas¬ cularized thallus suggest the Podomitrioideae, the capsule and its anatomy (cf. fig. 48:1-2, 5 in Schuster, 1984) preclude any close af¬ finity to the Pallaviciniaceae. 2. JTJNGERMANNIALES: Grolleaceae (Solari) Schust., fam. n. Familia Trichocoleaceis s. lat. atque (? )Antheliaceis cognata praecipue isophyllia; ab utraque familia insignis per (a) inopiam totam perianthii coelocaulisque , et 1984 Schuster, Some new taxa 67 (b) inopiam totam ramorum terminalium ullius generis. Type . Grollea Schust. Although sometimes placed, by others, in the Antheliaceae , Grol¬ lea is fundamentally distinct from this family in (a) lack of termin¬ al branches; (_b) lack of any trace of perianth or coelocaule; (c) the anatomy of the capsule wall; (d) apparently 6-seriate neck of the archegonium. Gymnomitriaceae subf. Eremonotoideae Schust., subf. n. Familia ab aliis subfamiliis Gymnomitriacearum insignis per perianthium distinctum, emergens, plus minusve compressum, et per cellulas in foliis valde dimorphicas. Type. Eremonotus Kaal. ex Pears. Eremonotus is a unique monotype. Its affinities to the other Gymnomitriaceae are indicated chiefly by: (a) presence of a larger- celled, unistratose, cortical layer of the axis; (b) dimorphic cells, which, much as in Prasanthus, consist of some lacking oil-bodies, while others bear 1(2) large oil-bodies. Gymnomitriaceae subf. Stephanie lloideae Schust., subf. n. Subfamilia ab aliis subfamiliis Gymnomitracearum insignis (a) per folia anticaliter assurgentia, echlophyllosa; et (_b) per faciem anticalem axis numerosa paraphyllia chlorophyllosa habentem. Type. Stephaniella Jack. The position of Stephaniella in Gymnomitriaceae is indicated chiefly by the fact that lateral merophytes interlock along the dor¬ sal stem midline. In other respects the genus is totally isolated. The sporophyte, and its anatomy, need investigation. Scapaniaceae subf. Douinioideae Schust., subf. n. Subfamilia a subf. Scapanioideis distincta (a) elateribus in una spira apparenti- bus, et (_b) foliis cuticula ceracea obtectis, et ( £ ) foliis obtuse complicatis, numquam carinatis. Type. Douinia (Jens.) Buch. The Douinioideae include a single species whose position has been, and remains, controversial. It has been placed into both "Sphenolobus" (Lophozioideae) or into Diplophyllum (Scapaniaceae). The leaf form is relatively primitive; elaters are specialized. Con¬ sequently the genus does not stand in a linear relationship to any other. It is, i.a., ecologically different from Diplophyllum, none of whose species are ever epiphytic — the normal mode of occurrence of Douinia. 68 PHYTOLOGIA Vol . 56, No. 2 Blepharidophyllaceae Schust. Clandarium (Grolle) Schust., gen. n. [Basionym. Blepharidophyllum subg. Clandarium Grolle, J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 28:65, 19&J . Type? Clandarium clandestinum (Mont.) Schust. [Basionym. Plagiochila clan- destina Mont. , Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 2,19:247, 1843] • Also here are C. xiphoph.yllum (Grolle) Schust., comb. n. [Basionym. Blepharidophyllum xiphophyllum Grolle, J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 28:65, 19651 and C.gottscheanum (Grolle) Schust., comb. n. [Basionym. B. gottscheanum Grolle, ibid. 28:69, 1965]. Clandarium is strongly distinct from Blepharidophyllum s. str. in (a) the nonspathulate , carinate leaves, much more deeply (to O.65- 0.8 bifid) lobed; cells evenly thick-walled; (_b) plants reproducing by gemmae, the gemmiparous shoots erect, developing underleaves. Balantiopsidaceae subf. Isotachidoideae Schust. subf. n. Sub- familia a subf. Balantiopsidoideis insignis (a) foliis noncomplicatis, (b) perianthia, aut eius vestigiis, ad apicem perigynii erecti, plus minusve distincti sito. Type. Isotachis Mitt. The Isotachis complex was first recognized as a family by Schus¬ ter (1957) and later by Hatcher (1960-61), but is better treated as a mere subfamily of Balantiopsidaceae Nakai. Mastigophoraceae Schust. The single genus Mastigophora Nees is divisible into two distinct subgenera, Mastigophora s. str. and: Eomastigophora Schust., subg. n. Subgenus a subg. Mastigo¬ phora distinctum ut (a) folia subtransverse orientia, plus minusve symmetrice 4-lobata tamquara in Chandonanthus subg. Tetralophozia reperta, atque (_b) amphigastria semper bifida tamquam in £. subg. Tetralophozia. Type. M. caledonica Steph. Eomast i gophora shows some primitive traits (mature leaves in large part subsymmetrically , deeply quadrifid) linked with one ad¬ vanced feature (underleaves only about half the size of lateral leaves, always bifid). The only extant illustration of the taxon is in Schuster (1984, fig. 73:1-4). Jubulopsidaceae (Hamlin) Schust., fam. n. Familia Lepidolaena- ceis capsulis rostratis cognata, distincta, autem, ut (a) elateres 1- spirales, (b) amphigastria plana, numquam sacca aquaria efficientia, atque (_c) cellulae epidermales membranae capsulae incrassationes ad angulos nodulosos, Frullania-f ormes praebentes. Type. Lepidolaenaceae subf. Jubulopsidoideae Hamlin, J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 37:173« Type . Jubulopsis Schust. Anatomy of the capsule wall is much more like that of Frullania 1984 Schuster, Some new taxa 69 than of any other taxon in the Lepidolaenineae and seems to confirm the relationships drawn (Schuster, 1966, 1970) between Porellineae and Lepidolaenineae. Radulaceae (Dum.) K. MU11. The family includes a single genus Radula Dum., which is divisible into four subgenera, of which Metaradula Schust. (Schuster, 1980b) is new; it has not been validated; the validation follows: hadula subg. Metaradula Schust., subg. n. Subgenus subg. Odon- toradulae cognatum praesentia perigynii tubularis, pinguis, rigidi, stipitormis, typi Isotachis sub perianthium siti; ab Odontoradula distinctum lobis foliarum rotundatis atque unico pari g bractarum. Type. Radula buccinifera (Tayl.) Tayl. In subg. Metaradula we find exactly the same kind of stalked paragynoecial "apparatus" as in kadula subg. Odontoradula: a fleshy, terete, stalklike base + a basally tubular, distally compressed, nar¬ row perianth (cf. fig. 79 in Schuster, 1984). The fleshy base, de¬ rived from axial tissue, constitutes an Isotachis-type perigynium. Lepidoziaceae Lirapr. This large, complex family is divided into 5-6 families (Fulford, 1968), which are inadequately based. In Schuster (1984, pp. 1023-26) 8 subfamilies are accepted, which, conceptually have nothing in com¬ mon with the Fulford families. Two of the subfamilies are new: Drucelloideae (Bosen) Schust., subf. n. [Basionym. Lepidozioideae tribe Drucelleae Bosen, Lindbergia 8:73, 1932], Type . Drue e 11a Hodgs. Bosen (l.c.) has added one relevant fact to the earlier detailed ac¬ count in Schuster (1980a): the epidermal capsule wall cells bear nodu¬ lar thickenings of all longitudinal walls, hence have a "one-phase" ontogeny. The Bosen illustration (fig. 7'. 4) unfortunately fails to show any trace of cell walls, hence the dimensions and form of the epidermal cells cannot be deduced. The genus, formerly assigned, al¬ beit with a question mark, to the Lepidozioideae (Schuster, 1969, p. 11), seems distinct from this in the (a) one-phase development of epi¬ dermal cells of the capsule wall; (Id) incubous leaves with insertion leaving 2 cell rows free, dorsally; Cc) lack of terminal branches; (d) presence of mere oil-droplets, as distinct from oil-bodies, in leaf cells. Neogrolleoideae Schust., subf. n. Subfamilia Lembidioideis sim- ilis ut folia +_ transversa, ad apicas vadose lobulata, non profunde lobata; distincta (a) praesentia pigmentorum ferrugineorum in raembrana, atque (Ja) trigonis nodosis, atque ( £ ) androeciis antheridia in bracte- olis habentibus. Type . Neogrollea Hodgs. 70 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 2 Although placed in the Lembidioideae in Schuster (1972), because of its isolation Neogrollea was emphasized as Deing a "puzzling" and "relict" monotype, without clear affinities to other genera. As such, its isolation is best expressed by placing it into its own subfamily, allied to but distinct from the Lembidioideae. Neogrollea was recollected in 1984. Living plants clearly show that there are a few, very large, botryoidal oil-bodies per cell. This feature is a significant additional criterion separating Neo¬ grollea from all genera of the Lembidioideae. Lejeuneaceae Cavers The ca. 75 genera of this family remain, in many cases, inade¬ quately investigated. Infrageneric classification of many taxa re¬ mains a puzzle. The following covers only a few of the extant problems: Stictole.jeunea (Spr.) Schiffn. Although including only some 6-7 species, the genus is very heterogeneous and is divisible into two subgenera, one with two sections, as follows: Subg. Stictole.jeunea Sectio Stictole jeunea. Type . S. squammata. Sectio Macrocellaria Schust., sect. n. Sectio a sect. Sticto¬ le jeunea differens ut (a) cellulae leptodermatae , trigonis grossis, autem, praeditae, et magnae (cellula media ca. l8 x 18-25 p); (_b) ocelli permagni, dimorphici; duo basales ad 25 x 45 p bini, laminis solum ca. 4-6 ocellos sparsos habentibus; ocelli defuncti fusco- brunnei. Type . S. herzogii Buchloh. Subg. Leptostict ole jeunea Schust., subg. n. Differta a subg. Stictole.jeunea (a) papilla lobulorum marginalis; (b) cellulae corti- calis 12-seriatibus; (c.) rami nonsexualis Le jeunea- typus. Type . S. iwatsukii Mizutani; here also S. richardsii Herz. and S. africana V. Berghen. Differing from subg. Stictole jeunea in (a) lobular hyaline papil¬ la inserted marginally, at base of apical tooth; (_b) cortical cells in only ca. 12 rows, not in 2-3 strata, the stem only 5-6 cells high; (c) lobules of leaves ovoid, with orifice turned toward lobe apex; (dT vegetative branches all Le jeunea type. Leptole.ieunea (Spr.) Schiffn. In addition to the typical subg. Leptole jeunea, two other subgenera appear necessary for highly devi¬ ant species, as follows: Subg. Leptosticta Schust., subg. n. Subgenus a subg. Leptole jeunea differens ut (a) ocelli per lobum dorsalem sparsi (saepe etiam 1-2 in cellulis raarginalibus) saepe, autem, 2-3 in basi lobi aggregati; alii ocelli in lobula amphiastriisque sparsi; ocelli, in plantis siccatis 1984 Schuster, Some new taxa 71 brunnei-rubri ad atrorubros, (b) plantae rigidae, arete adnatae dum siccatae aut madidae, atque (cj cellulae ubique leptoderraaticae sine trigonis. Type. L. amphiophthalma Zwickel (Ann. Bryol. 6:117, 1933) ; a synonym of L. picta Herz., Flora 35:430, 1942. All true species of Leptole.jeunea (e.g., subg. Leptole.jeunea) have colorless ocelli; these are confined to dorsal lobes of leaves (and 9 bracts). In Leptosticta ocelli are often dull red-brown to rust -red, much as in the unrelated Pictole.jeunea Grolle; they occur not only in the lobes, but also in lobules and underleaves, much as in Lepidole.jeunea Schust., to which there is also no clear affinity. Perhaps deserving of treatment as an autonomous genus. Subg. Asticta Schust., subg. n. Subgenus a subg. Leptole.jeunea differens ut (a) ocelli nulli, (_b) lobi amphigastriorum biseriati in ca. 3 stratis basalibus, uniseriati solum disaliter, ca. 6 cellulis longi, atque ( c ,) plantae siccatae virides, arete appressi colentes. Type. L. anophthalma Zwickel (Ann. Bryol. 6:ll6, 1933)* Like subg. Leptosticta, subg. Asticta forms an anomalous element within Leptole.jeunea. I once believed that perhaps this entity fit¬ ted better into Rha phi dole .jeunea Herz., but the species of that genus have, at the least, one conspicuous basal ocellus, lobules with a distinct, often hooked, 1-celled apical tooth, and relatively evenly thick-walled leaf cells. In Asticta, however, no ocelli at all ap¬ pear distinct; lobules — as in subg. Leptole.jeunea — have a low, blunt apical tooth (compare, e.g., fig. 3:i in Zwickel, 1933 with Schuster, 1980, fig. 752:1); leaf cells have strong, nodulose tri¬ gones and intermediate thickenings, although toward the leaf bases these tend to be confluent. Unfortunately known only sterile; when fertile material is discovered Asticta may need to be elevated to generic rank. 3. MARCHANTIAIES: Marchantiaceae (Bisch.) Endl. The family was divided into two subfamilies in an outline classification in Schuster (1979, p. 78) ; additional study suggests that a division into three subfamilies would be better, as follows: Subf. Marchantioideae: Iiarchantia Marcnant f., Preissia Cda. Subf. Dumortieroideae Schust., subf. n. Subfamilia Marchanti- oideis similis ut et cf et 9 receptacula stipitata, stipibus, autem, semper satis brevibus; distincta ut (a) filamenta chlorophyllosa, si adsunt, ad vestigia ex 1(2) cellulis composita, reducta; (_b) vesi- culae reductae aut vestigialia aut nullae atque (£) seta sporophyti perspicue longior facta, ut in Lunularia. Type. Dumortiera Nees. The phylogenetic position of this group remains a matter of con¬ troversy; it has been regarded, on biochemical bases, as closer to the Conocephalaceae subf. Wiesnerelloideae (Wiesnerellaceae ) , but 72 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 2 differs from this group in the stalked o' receptacles. Subf. Bucegioideae Schust., subf. n. Subfarailia a subf. Mar- chantioideis distincta ut filamenta chlorophyllosa in vesiculis nulla. Type . Bucegia Radian; Neohodgsonia Perss. probably also here. Ricciaceae Dum. The family is commonly held to include only two genera, Riccia L. and Ricciocarpus Corda. However, recognition of a third genus seems necessary: Pteroriccia Schust., gen. n. Genus a Riccia s. str. distinction ut (a) superficies dorsalis thalli velutina ob filamenta cellulae erecta isolata atque (b) squamae ventrales ingenter, usque ad 1.5 ram long.; erectae (siccatae super thallum incurvatae), apicibus eorum serratis. Type. Riccia villosa Steph. ; monotypic. Pteroriccia is at least as distinct from Riccia as is Ricciocar¬ pus — the last universally recognized as a valid genus. The figures in Arnell (1963i P* 20), although not good, show the characteristic cross section, with the large, imbricate ventral scales erect and pro¬ jecting far beyond (and far above) the thallus margins. Serrate ven¬ tral scales do not occur in Riccia, but do occur in the water forms of Ricciocarpus, to which there is, however, no close affinity. Riccia (Mich.) L. Three subgenera are usually recognized: subg. Ricciella, subg. Riccia, and subg. Thallocarpus. A fourth subgenus is needed for R. membranacea Gottsche & Lindenb.: Riccia subg. Leptoriccia Schust. Subgenus subg. Thallocarpus similis ut (a) thalli spongiosi, vesiculis magnis praediti, atque (b) sporae papillis disiunctioribus, potius quam reticulo obtectae. A Thallocarpus differens ut sporae numquam quaternae se cohaerentes. Type. R. membranacea Gottsche & Lindenb. As far as known, subg. Leptoriccia is monotypic. I know of no species except R. membranacea that clearly fits here. The thalli simulate fern gametophytes — they are thin and translucent, with very little ventral tissue developed. 4. On an anomalous new species of Radula Dum. One of the "classic" genera of Hepaticae is I ietzgeriopsis Goebel (Le jeuneaceae) in which the vegetative garaetophyte is reduced to a radiately expanded monostromatic thallus; only the sexual branches, which are very short, bear complicate-bilobed leaves, in two ranks. Closely, if superficially, similar is the following species of Radula: Radula yanoella Schust., sp. n. Species subg. Metaradulae, sectionis Epiphyllarum ab omnibus aliis Epiphyllis differens thallo persistente, radiatim expanso, monostromatico e cuius marginibus rami determinati, breves, foliacei, atque plerumque simplices enascuntur. Type. Serra Curicuriari, Brazil (RMS 0O-I69I). 1984 Schuster, Some new taxa 73 This unique plant consists of a closely furcate, radiately expanded, rosette-like, monostromatic thallus, growing by means of apical cells with 2 cutting faces. Eventually some or all thallus segments show a transition from such apical growth to tetrahedral apical cells and, abruptly, leafy shoots are cut off (cf. Schuster, 1984a, fig. 11 on p. 799)* Aside from this, the weak axes, formed of few cell rows, clearly suggest that a species of sect. Epiphyllae is at hand. Evi¬ dently reduction in this Radula has occurred parallel with that which has occurred in Metzgeriopsis. Acknowledgement: I wish to thank Dr. Hannah Croasdale for her aid in production of the Latin diagnoses. References Arnell, S. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa. Pp. l-4ll, 290 figs. Stockholm. Fulford, M. 1968. Manual of the leafy Hepaticae of Latin America. III. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 11(3) : 277 -392, pis. 66-10?. Hatcher, R. E. 1960-61. A monograph of the genus Isotachis. Nova Hedwigia 2(4) : 573-608; 3(1): 1-35, 30 pis. Renzaglia, K. S. 1982. A comparative developmental investigation of the gametophyte generation in Metzgeriales (Hepatophyta) . Bry- oph. Biblio. 24:1-253, figs. 1-799* Schuster, R. M. 1957- Notes on nearctic Hepaticae. XV. Herberta. Rev. Bryol. et Lichen. 26(3-4) : 123-45, figs. 1-5. _ 1964. Studies on antipodal Hepaticae. IV. Metzgeriales. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 27:183-216. _ 1966. The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America. Vol. I. Pp. i-xvii, 1-802, figs. I-83. Columbia Univ. Press, N.Y. _ 1970. Studies on antipodal Hepaticae. III. Jubulopsis Schust., Neohattoria Kanimura, and Amphi jubula Schust. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 33:2^6-304, figs. 1-6. _ 1972. Phylogenetic and taxonomic studies on Jungermanniidae . J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 36:321-405, figs. 1-11. _ 1979. The Phylogeny of the Hepaticae. In Clarke, G.C.S. & J. G. Duckett (eds.), Bryophyte Systematics, pp. 41-82. Academic Press, London and New York. _ 1980. The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America. Vol. IV. Pp. i-xix, 1-1334, figs. 476-765. _ _ 1980a. Studies on Hepaticae, LIV-LVIII. Kurzia v. Mart. 74 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 2 rMicrolepidozia (Spr.) Joerg.], Megalembidium Schust., Psilo- clada Mitt., Drucella Hodgs. and Isolembidium Schust. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 48:337-421, figs. 1-19. _ 1980b. Phylogenetic studies on Jungermanniidae II. Radulineae (Part I). Nova Hedwigia 32:637-93. _ 1984. Chapt. 15. Evolution, Phylogeny and Classification of the Hepaticae. In Schuster, R. M. (ed.), New Manual of Bryology 2:892-1070. Hattori Bot. Lab., Nichinan, Japan. _ 1984a. Chapt. 14. Comparative Anatomy and Morphology of the Hepaticae. Ibid. 2:760-891. Hattori Bot. Lab., Nichinan, Japan. Zwickel, W. 1932. Zwei neue Gattungen, einige neue Arten und Umstel- lungen bei den Le jeuneaceen. Ann. Bryol. 6:105-21, figs. 1-5. THE ALGAE OF NEU JERSEY (U.S.A.) \/II. CHLOROPHYTA (GREEM ALGAE) B. ULVALES, CLADOPHORALES AIMD OEDOGOMALES MaryAnn Foote Division of Natural Sciences and Math Bergen Community College Paramus, New Jersey 07652 This is the seventh paper in a series which examines the distribution of the algae in the State of Mew Jersey. The genera are listed alphabetically within each order and the collection dates chronologically within them. DIVISION CHLOROPHYTA GREEM ALGAE ULVALES Chaetomorpha aeres Beesley's Point, M.Y. harbor (2); Barnegat Bay (12); Raritan Bay (1) Chaetomorpha linum Farlow Atlantic City (9); Beesley's Point and Longport (2); Barnegat Bay (12); Great Bay (B); Corsons Inlet, Ludlam Bay (10) Chaetomorpha melaqonium (Ueb.S Mohr.) Kutz. Atlantic City (2); state (3) Chaetomorpha piquistiana (Mont.) Kutz. Communipaw, Monmouth, Long Branch, Atlantic City (2); Atlantic City (9) Enteromorpha bif lagellata Barnegat Bay (12) Enteromorpha clathrata (Roth) Grev. Cape May Harbor, Great Egg River, Forked River (10; Raritan Bay (1); Great Bay, Mullica River (8); Barnegat Bay (12) Enteromorpha compressa (L.) Grev. state (3); coast (5); Raritan Bay (1); Great Bay, Mullica River (8) Enteromorpha crinita (Roth) J.G. Ag. common in marine waters (3) Enteroporpha intestinalis (L.) Link coast (10); Raritan Bay (1); Mullica River, Great Bay (8); Barnegat Bay (8 and 12) Enteromorpha linza (L.) J. Ag. Raritan Bay (1, 11); Great Bay (8); Barnegat Bay (12, 8) Enteromorpha marqinata J.G. Ag. not common, occuring mostly on stems and roots of Spartina (3); Raritan Bay (1); Great Bay, Mullica River (8); Barnegat Bay (12) Enteromorpha minima Mag. Raritan Bay (1); Mullica River (8) Enteromorpha percursa (Ag.) J.G. Ag. common species, forming masses in upper tide pools and ditches in marshes, etc (3) Enteromorpha plumosa Kutz. inlets (10); Raritan Bay (1); Mullica River, Great Bay (8); Barnegat Bay (12, 6) 75 76 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 2 Enteromorpha prolifera (Mull.) 0. fig. Raritan Bay (1); Great Bay, Mullica River (8); Barnegat Bay (12, 8, 6) Monostroma blytti (Aresch.) Wittr. on moodmork exposed to oaves, Atlantic City (2) Monostroma crepidinum Farlom on mharf pilings, Atlantic City (9, 2, 3) Monostroma qrevi llei (Thuret) lid i 1 1 r . early spring plant (3) Monostroma oxyspermum (Kutz.) Doty Raritan Bay (1); Great Bay, Mullica River (8); Barnegat Bay (IB); Oyster Creek, Forked River (5) Schizomeris leibleinii Kutz. in quiet fresh mater (3) Spongomorpha lanosa Raritan Bay (1) Spongomorpha arcta (Dillm.) Kutz. common (3); Mullica River (8) Ulva aureola Ag. not uncommon on moodmork, Atlantic City (9,2) Ulva clathrata Ag. common, Atlantic City (9); Beesley's Paint, Atlantic City, Longport, Ocean Grove, (Mem York Bay (2) Ulva clathrata var. crinita Hauck Atlantic City (2) Ulva clathrata var. erecta LeOolis Atlantic City (9,2) Ulva clathrata var. prostrata LeOolis Atlantic City (2) Ulva clathrata var. ramulosa LeOolis common, Atlantic City (9) Ulva clathrata var. uncinata LeOolis Atlantic City (2) Ulva enteromorpha LeOolis common, Atlantic City (9); bays along coast (2) Ulva enteromorpha var. campressa (L.) LeOolis Atlantic City (9); abundant (2) Ulva enteromorpha var. intestinalis (L) LeOolis common, Atlantic City (9); common along entire coast (2) Ulva enteromorpha var. lanceo lata (Kutz.) LeOolis common, Atlantic City (9); Atlantic City, Longport, Cape May (2) Ulva hopkirkii (McCalla) Harv. not very common, Atlantic City (9); on old shells (2) Ulva lactuca L. Atlantic City (9); all inlets, deep ocean (10); Raritan Bay (1); Great Bay, Mullica River (8); Barnegat Bay (8,12,6) Ulva lactuca var. lactuca LeOolis Atlantic City, Longport (2) Ulva lactuca var. latissima LeOolis Atlantic City (9); bays along coast (2) Ulva lactuca var. riqida (Ag.) LeOolis Atlantic City (9,2) 1984 Foote, Algae of New Jersey 77 Ulva marqinata (J. Ag.) LeJolis Atlantic City (9,2) Ulva percursa Ag. rather common in tide pools, Atlantic City (9,2) CLADOPHBRALES Cladophora albida (Huds.) Kutz. Atlantic City (9); Beesleys Point, Atlantic City, Communipau (2); Raritan Bay (1); Great Bay, Mullica River (8); Barnegat Bay (12) Cladophora albida var. ref racta (LJyatt) Thuret. state ( 3) ; Barnegat Bay ( 12) Cladophora arcta (Dillu.) Farlou IMeu York Bay (2) Cladophora collicoma Kutz. Princeton ( T 5 Cladophora crispata (Roth) Kutz. Beesleys Point, Atlantic City, Key East, IMeu York Bay (2); Johnson Park Pond, IMeu Brunsuick (7) Cladophora crystallina (Roth) Kutz. Barnegat Bay ( 12 , Cladophora expansa (Mert.) Kutz. Atlantic City (9, 2); marsh pools and lagoons (3); Raritan Bay (1); Great Bay (8); Barnegat Bay (12) Cladophora f alcata Harv. Little Bay, Communipau (2) Cladophora Flavescens shores, pools of brackish uater (13); Barnegat Bay (12) Cladophora flexuosa (Dillu.) Harv. Atlantic City (9, 2); Great Bay (8); Barnegat Bay (12) Cladophora qlaucescens (Griff.) Harv. Atlantic City (2); Beesleys Point, Communipau, Atlantic City (2); Raritan Bay (1); Great Bay (8); Barnegat Bay (12) Cladophora qlomerata (L.) Kutz. running uater (2); IMeu Brunsuick stream (7); Raritan and Millstone Rivers (4) Cladophora gracilis (Griff.) Kutz. Atlantic City (9); Beesleys Point, Atlantic City, Longpart, As- bury Park, IMeu York Bay (2); Raritan Bay (1); Great Bay, Mullica River (8); Barnegat Bay (8,12) Cladophora gracilis var. expansa Farlou Atlantic City (2); Barnegat Bay (12) Cladophora gracilis forma tenuis Barnegat Bay (12) Cladophora gracilis var. vadorum (Aresch.) Collins loose, floating masses in sublitoral zone (3) Cladophora hutchinsiae (Dillu.) Kutz. Longpart (9); state (3); Atlantic City (2) Cladophora hutchinsiae var. distans (Ag.) Kutz. state (3) Cladophora lactiverens (Dillu.) Harv. Beesleys Point, Communipau, IMeu York Bay (2) Cladophora ref racta (Roth) Aresch. state (3); IMeuark Bay, Atlantic City (2); Barnegat Bay (12) 78 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 2 Cladophora rudolphiana (fig.) Harv. upper sublitoral zone (3); Communipau, Pleasure Bay (2); Barnegat Bay (12) Cladophora rupestris (L.) Kutz. Communipau (2); Raritan Bay (1) Pithophora oedoqonia (Mont.) Uittr. state (3) ; Plainfield (2) Rhizoclonium crispum Kutz. state (3) Rhizoclonium f luitans Kutz. rapid streams, mill dams (13); Bound Brook (2) Rhizoclonium f ontanum Kutz. Johnson Park Pond, Neu Brunsuick (7) Rhizoclonium f ontinali Kutz. in springs and flouing uaters (2) Rhizoclonium hieroqlyphicum (flg.) Kutz. on moist or uet ground (2); Neu Brunsuick stream (7); Millstone and Raritan Rivers (4) Rhizoclonium kochianum Kutz. on Zostera , Atlantic City and Somers Point (2) Rhizoclonium major LOolle uooden structures, Atlantic City (13); Perth Amboy (2) Rhizoclonium riparium (Roth) Harvey common, Atlantic City (9); Cape May (IB); Raritan Bay (1); Mullica River, Great Bay (0); Barnegat Bay (12) Rhizoclonium riparium var. implexum (Dillu.) Rosenvinge forming thin fleece on muc ( 3; Rhizoclonium salinum (Scheich.) Kutz. Absecon, Perth Amboy, lou grounq|(13); Atlantic City (2) Rhizoclonium tortuosum Kutz. Mullica River and Great Bay (0) Urospora pencilliformis (Roth) Aresch. Great Bay and Mullica River (0) GEDOGONIALES Bulbochaete brebissonii Kutz. Hammonton ( /\~, 2^ Bulbochaete crenulata Prings. state (13); frequent in ponds and sluggish uater (2) Bulbochaete insiqnis Prings. Lake Hopatcong (13,2); state (3) Bulbochaete intermedia DeBy. common in ponds and sluggish uater (2) Bulbochaete minor A. Br. ponds in state (13, 2, 3) Bulbochaete mirabilis liJittr. state (2,3) Bulbochaete moni le liJittr. & Lund state (3) Bulbochaete nana LiJittr. ponds (13,2) 1984 Foote, Algae of New Jersey 79 Bulbochaete rectanqularis LJittr. not rare in ponds (2) Bulbachaete repanda LJittr. state (3); Lake Hopatcang (13, 2) Bulbachaete setiqera (Roth) flg. state (3); Hammontan, August 1079 (13); pine barrens (2) □edoqonium acrosporum DeBy. common (13,2,3) □ edoqonium aereschouqhii LJittr. ponds in Morris County (13,2,3) □ edoqonium borisianum LJittr. frequent in ponds (2) □ edoqonium boscii (LeCl.) LJittr. state (13,2") □edoqonium braunii Kutz. state (13,2,3) □edoqonium capillare (L.) Kutz. common in ponds (2) □edoqonium capilliforme Kutz. Lake Hopatcong (2) □edoqonium ci liatum (Hass) Prings. Atsion (13,2l □ edoqonium concatenatum (Hass) LJittr. state (13,37; Plainfield (2) □ edoqonium crassiusculum LJittr. not infrequent (13); pond at Branchville (2) □ edoqonium cryptoporum LJittr. pond in Perth Amboy (2) □ edoqonium cryptoporum uar. vulqare LJittr. state (2,3) □ edogonium decipiens LJittr. state (13,3); Lake Hopatcong (2) □edoqonium delicatulum Kutz. frequent in ponds (2) □edoqonium echinospermum A. Br. state, frequent ( 13,2 , 3) □edoqonium fonticolum A. Br. frequent in stagnant or sluggish water (2) □ edoqonium f ranklinianum LJittr. state (3); Franklin (2) □ edogonium idioandrosporum (IMordt. & LJittr.) Tiffany state (3) □ edoqonium londiense LJittr. state (13,3); Lake Hopatcong (2) □ edoqonium pachyandrium LJittr. state, stagnant waters and ditches (13,2,3) □ edoqonium paludosum (Hass.) LJittr. Perth Amboy (2) □ edoqonium platyqynum LJittr. state ponds (13, 3j; Atsion (2) □ edoqonium plusiopporum LJittr. state (13,2737“ 80 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 2 Bedoqonium polymorphum Uittr. & Lund Brauns Mill and Bound Brook (13,2) □edoqonium pyrif orme Uittr. Branchville (13,2,3) Bedoqonium sexanqulare Clcve Lake Hopatcong (2) Bedoqonium stagnate Kutz. Bound Brook (2) □edoqonium varians Uittr. & Lund state (3) □edoqonium uolleanum Uittr. state (13,2755 □edoqonium uolleanum forma insiqna (Nordt) Hern, state (3) REFERENCES I. flbbiate, L. 1961. M.S. Thesis. Rutgers University, Neu Brunsuick, N.J. 2f Britton, U. 1889. Catalogue of Plants Found in Neu Jersey. Bohn L. Murphy Publishing Co. Trenton, N.3. 3. Collins, F. 1828. Green Algae of North America. G.E. Stechert & Co. Neu York 4. Edgar, R. 1968. M.S. Thesis. Rutgers University. Neu Brunsuick, N.J. 5. Evans, C. 1977. M.S. Thesis. Rutgers University. Neu Brunsuick, N.J. 6. Fiteni, S. 1981. M.S. Thesis. Rutgers University. Neu Brunsuick, N.J. 7. Keller, □. 1954. Ph.D. Dissertation. Rutgers University. Neu Brunsuick, N.J. 8. Moeller, H. 1965. M.S. Thesis. Rutgers University. Neu Brunsuick, N.J. 9. Morse, S. 1881. Bull Torrey Bot Club 15:309-14 10. Richards, H. 1931. Botanica 13: 38-45 II. Seeliger, U. 1976. M.S. Thesis. Rutgers University. Neu Brunsuick, N.J. 12. Taylor, J. 1970. Ph.D. Dissertation. Rutgers University Neu Brunsuick, N.J. 13. Uolle, F. 1887. Freshuater Algae of the United States. Commenius Press. Bethlehem, Pa. TAXONOMY OF THE GENUS APHANOSTEPHUS ( Asteraceae-Astereae ) B. L. Turner Department of Botany, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712 Abstract Aphanostephus, a wholly North America genus largely confined to the southwestern United States and adjacent Mexico, is treated taxonomi ca 1 ly. Four species are recognized: three annuals (A^ ski rrhobasi s, with a chromosome number of 2n = 6; A. ramosissimus, with 2n=8; and A^ pi 1 osus with 2n=8); and one perennial (A^_ riddel 1 i i , with 2n=10 or 2n = 20). Aphanostephus s ki rrhobasi s has three intergrading infraspecific taxa: var. s ki rrhobas i s , var. thal assi us and var. k i d d e r i . The most widespread, variable, species, A^ ramosissimus also includes three intergrading infraspecific taxa: var. ramosissimus, var. h u m i 1 i s and var. ramosus. Keys to the taxa and distributional maps are provided and a complete update on chromosome numbers is presented. The ancestral base chromosome number is believed to be x=5 which perhaps gave rise to the lower numbers by descending aneuploidy. The late L. H. Shinners once confided to me that, of the several genera to come under his taxonomic scrutiny, the most difficult was Aphanostephus. This was so, he said, because the species are exceedingly plastic, both as to habit and head size (there being vernal and autumnal forms); in addition, he surmized that the various taxa tended to form hybrids so as to obscure specific boundaries. This confession is attested to in Shinners (1946) revision of the genus where he states, "Casual examination of an assortment of herbarium specimens assigned to several species may give the impression that an incoherent jumble has been divided at random into several equally incoherent jumbles, with no distinctions that hold good." Nevertheless, he did provide a very thorough, largely reliable, account of the genus for the United States, mostly by sorting sheets according to head size, foliage characteristics and habit. He was clearly not satisfied with his treatment of the Mexican material at his disposition, noting that "the untangling of the variations among the Mexican species has been frought with much uncertainty, and has depended a great deal upon analogy with what is better known of the species in the United States." Indeed, some of the Mexican taxa recognized by Shinners would be difficult, if not impossible, to distinguish from their more Northern counterparts, as will be noted below. I became interested in Aphanostephus in 1954, shortly after my 81 82 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 2 arrival at the University of Texas, largely because several of the species are among the more abundant roadside weeds of Central Texas and because preliminary examination showed them to possess very low chromosome numbers (2n=6, 8 or 10). I worked on the genus for several years, but unlike Shinners, I soon found the Texas species to be relatively easily recognized, both in the field and in the herbarium. This was largely due to my use of chromosomal and micromorphic features, characters which Shinners largely, if not entirely, ignored. Indeed, what appeared upon superficial examination to be "incoherent jumbles" were soon resolved into coherent assemblages. In fact, I was never able to discern a single instance of interspecific hybridization, even when three or more species of Aphanostephus were found cohabitating the same general area (e.g., within several hundred meters of each other, or sometimes growing intermixed, as often occurs with populations of skirrhobasis and A^ ramosissi mus). The taxonomic simplicity of the group was neatly revealed by chromosomal studies in which the largely, more eastern species of sandy soils, Aphanostephus skirrhobasis , was found to be consistently diploid with 2n=6 chromosomes; the largely more western species of silty-clay, drier soils, A. ramosissimus, was found to be consistently diploid with 2n=8 chromosomes; while the widespread, but less common species of shallow calcareous soils, A^ riddel 1 i i , was found to be diploid or tetraploid with 2ji = 1 0 or 2^=20 chromosomes. Further, it soon became clear as a result of much field work that the eastern A. ramosissimus (2n = 8) graded into a more robust, larger headed western phase which Shinners (following A. Gray) recognized as A^_ arizonicus. Field work in southern Texas also revealed that A^_ skirrhobasis (2n=6) graded into what Shinners took to be a very distinct taxon, A^ kidderi (2n=6). Ignoring the very distinct, relatively localized species, Aphanostephus pi losus with 2n=8, F^ hybrids between the widespread, often sympatric, species mentioned above should be readily recognized since each has different chromosome numbers. In the numerous sites where I have found two (or sometimes three) of these species growing together, and in which I thought I detected putative hybrids (as detected by head size, habit and habitat), examination of meiotic chromosomes proved me wrong: such "hybrids" were in¬ variably normal-pairing diploids with 2n=3, 4 or 5 chromosomal pairs. In the process of examining these various meiotic squashes a simple observation became apparent: one could predict the chromosome number of any given collection by the kinds of hairs borne upon the minute ovaries. If on the ovaries why not the mature achene? Ah yes, there too! If Shinners had examined the achenes at whatever stage of development he could have readily identified all of the specimens to species by their hairs alone. 1984 Turner, Taxonomy of A pha.n0ite.pku6 83 The achenal hairs of Aphanostephus are comprised of two tiers of cells, as is usual for most taxa of the Astereae. In the three taxa concerned the achenal hairs assume three forms: straight hairs in A^ ramosissimus (x=4); coiled hairs in A. skirrhobasis (x=3); and barbed hairs in A^ riddel 1 i i (x=5). This is readily seen under magnifications of X30 in a good stereomicroscope and may be sketched as follows: tovve la.le 1 wdU . Thus it was that the Aphanostephus "complex" within the confines of the United States became a fairly comprehensable group; there are four well-defined specific taxa as follows: 1. A. pilosus - a quite distinctive species with n=4 pairs; endemic to north-central Texas and adjacent Oklahoma. 2. /U_ skirrhobasis - n=3 pairs; widespread weedy species of mostly central and eastern Texas but readily adventive elsewhwere. This includes A^ kidderi. 3. A. ramosissimus - n = 4 pairs; widespred weedy species of more western regions, principally in calcareous or mixed calcareous soils. This includes A^_ ari zoni cus and most of the Mexican populations. 4. A^ riddel 1 i i - n = 5 or 10 pairs; widespread but infrequent perennial species of rocky or shallow, well-drained calcareous soils. After several years work, then, I was content that the species of the United States posed no great taxonomic problems and that Shinners* treatment, except as to the nomencl atural rank accorded the intergrading taxa (A^ ari zoni cus and A^_ ki dderi , mentioned above), was basically sound. Nevertheless, it was clear that the Mexican material was poorly known, much as Shinners indicated, and attempts to identify plants from this region using Shinners "Outline of the Mexican Species" proved unreliable, inconsistent and at odds with what seemed to be good biological judgment (i.e., some of the Mexican taxa seemed morphological indistinguishable from Texas taxa). No doubt much of 84 PHYTOLOGIA Vol . 56, No. 2 this inadequacy was occasioned by the limited material available to Shinners, to say nothing of his unfamiliarity with their populational variability in the field. After working out what seemed to be a sound biological treatment, I felt that the genus might be an expedient taxon for detailed biosystematic study, especially if one were willing to undertake synthetic crosses so as to ascertain if the aneuploidy detected in the group was descending or ascending. To this end I assigned the genus to Mr. Arnold Birdsong for a doctoral problem, hoping that his studies might ultimately resolve the populational problems in Mexico. He worked on the genus for several years but never put together a treatment of the group and ultimately opted to pursue a career in the Medical Sciences. I am pleased to note that he now has his M.D. and is practicing his profession. Before abandoning his project Mr. Birdsong personally annotated several thousand sheets from numerous herbaria but, unfortunately, he never prepared a formal draft of his views on the relationships of the various taxa. Because of this I have felt some compulsion to provide at least an overview of both his work and my own. In this I hope my taxonomic views are not radically different from those which Arnold might have come to. Whatever the case, I take full responsibility for the interpretations rendered and the nomenclature accorded. Because of the careful and thorough descriptions of the genus and subordinate taxa rendered by Shinners (1946) these are not reiterated here. His treatment of the Mexican taxa, as noted, was based upon very limited material and no field work. Recent collections and much field observation has led me to believe that all of the Mexican material, except for A^ riddel 1 i and A. skirrhobasis, belong to but a single widespread, variable species, A. ramosi ssi mus. Thus all of the Mexican names proposed for the Tatter by Gray (A. arizonicus, A. humilus and A. ramosus) and those proposed by Shinners (A. potosinus and A^_ jal i scensis) are either treated as but regional intergrading populations deserving of varietal rank only, or else reduced to synonymy among these infraspecific taxa. Chromosome Counts Jackson (1957) published the first chromosome number for Aphanostephus , reporting n = 4 pairs for /L_ arizonicus ( = A. ramosi ssimus var. humil is). Since that time 100 or more chromosome counts have been reported for the genus (Table 1), including reports for all of the described taxa. Most of these have been made by the present author or by Dr. Arnold Birdsong, beginning about 1957, and have largely gone unreported. 1984 Turner, Taxonomy of Apka.n06tZ.phiU> 85 Table 1. Chromosome numbers in Aphanostephus. Species Voucher* or Reference 2n - number (prsTJ A. riddel 1 i i A. pilosus A. ramosi ssimus var. ramosi ssimus A. ramosi ssimus var. humilis Texas. 4548B. Bexar Co.: Turner 4546; 5 II Texas. Coke Co.: Raven 19280. 5 II Texas. 4955. Glasscock Co. : Turner 5 II Texas. Travis Co.: Turner 4421. 5 II Texas. Uvalde Co.: Turner 5009. 5 II Texas. 210. Val Verde Co.: Thompson 5 II Texas. Val Verde Co.: Tomb 216. 5 II Mexico. (1978). Coahuila: Powell & Powell 5 II Turner and Crammer (1964). 4 II Oklahoma. Woodward Co.: Keil 10738. 4 IIC Texas. Bee Co. : Turner 4464. 4 II Texas. 4548A. Bexar Co.: Turner 4396; 4 II Texas. Dimmit Co.: Turner 4998. 4 II Texas. Frio Co.: Turner 4992. 4 II Texas. Hidalqo Co.: Turner 4483. 4 II Texas. Jim Wells Co.: Thompson 179 4 II Texas. Kent Co.: Turner 4709. 4 II Texas. Hardemon Co.: Flyr 1319. 4 II Texas. Menard Co.: Raven 19261 4 IIa Texas. Real Co. : Turner 38. 4 II Texas. 4511. Starr Co.: Turner 4500; 4 II Texas. Terrell Co.: Raven 19197. 4 IIa Texas. Travis Co.: Turner 4428. 4 II Texas. Uvalde Co.: Turner 4427. 4 II Texas. Webb Co.: Turner 4510. 4 II Mexico. Tamaulipas: Whalen 274. 4 II Ariz. Darlington (1957). 4 II Ariz. Pima Co. : Raven et al . 4 II (1960). (2n=8) N. Mex. (1960). Bernalillo Co.: Jackson 4 II N. Mex. Dona Ana Co.: Turner 5749. 4 II N. Mex. Lincoln Co.: Raven 19139. 4 IIa N. Mex. Socorro Co.: Keil 10738. 4 IIC 86 PHYTOLOGIA Vol . 56, No. 2 A. ramosi ssimus var. ramosus A. skirrhobasis var. kidderi A. skirrhobasis var. skirrhobasis Texas. El Paso Co.: Turner 6138. 4 II (2n Mexico. Longpre Chihuahua: DeJong & (1963). 4 II Mexico. Chihuahua: Keil 8263A. 4 I Id Mexico. (1978). Chihuahua: Powell & Powell 4 II Mexico. Chihuahua: Stuessy 1097. 4 II Mexico. Chihuahua: Sikes 404. 4 II Mexico. Durango: King 3752. 4 II Mexico. (1963). Durango: DeJong & Longpre 4 II Mexico. Nuevo Leon: Rock M-272. 4 II Mexico. Nuevo Leon: Johnston 4204B. 4 II Mexico. 14355. San Luis Potosi: Breedlove 4 IIb Mexico. Hidalgo: Powell 1112. 4 II Mexico. Hidalgo: Johnston 4760. 4 II Mexico. Michoacan: DeJong D758. 4 II Mexico. Michoacan: King 3606. 4 II Mexico. Michoacan: Powell 815. 4 II Mexico. Michoacan: Strother 1079. 4 II Mexico. Puebla: Beaman 3614; 3621 4 II Mexico. Puebla: Powe 1 1 633. 4 II Texas. Frio Co.: Turner 4565; 4986; 4991. 3 II Texas. 21. Zavala Co.: Sullivan 20; 3 II Texas. Zavala Co.: Turner 5004. 3 II Oklahoma . Blaine C. : Tomb 155. 3 II Oklahoma :. Harmon Co.: Flyr 1318. 3 II Oklahoma B. Oklahoma . Pontotoc Co.: Tomb 157A, 3 II i. Woodward Co.: Keil 10891. 3 IIC Texas. Atascosa Co.: Turner 4554. 3 II Texas. Bastrop Co.: Brown 6106. 3 II Texas. Burnett Co.: Semple (1980). 3 II Texas. Burnett Co.: Turner 4420. 3 II Texas. Caldwell Co.: Thompson 26. 3 II Texas. Coke Co.: Raven 19282. 3 IIa Texas. Colorado Co.: Thompson 88. 3 II Texas. Ector Co. : Tomb 140. 3 II Texas. Frio Co.: Irwin 1398. 3 II Texas. 86. Gonzales Co.: Thompson 23; 3 II Texas. Jim Hogg Co.: Thompson 178. 3 II Texas. Kleberg Co.: Turner 4318. 3 II 1984 Turner, Taxonomy of hpka.no 4 tzpkiU> 87 Texas. Llano Co.: Turner 4391; 3 II 4392; 4393. Texas. MTtchell Co.: Raven 19285. 3 IIa Texas. Palo Pinto Co.: Turner 5042. 3 II Texas. Wharton Co.: Smith and 3 IIe Johnson (1964). Texas. Wilson Co.: Turner 4422. 3 II A. skirrhobasis Texas. Galveston Co.: Turner 4415; 3 II var. 4418. thalassius Texas. Galveston Co.: Raven 19419. 3 IIa Texas. Galveston Co.: Semple (1980). 3 II ^Data from Anderson et al . (1974). cData from Keil and Pinkava (1976). dData from Keil & Stuessy (1975). ePlus 4 microchromosomes. *0n file at TEX. 88 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 2 It is clear that Aphanostephus is mostly diploid with n numbers of 5, 4 and 3. Fedorov ( 1969) lists a count of rv=l for A. skirrhobasi s, crediting this to Smith and Johnson (1964), but the latter authors clearly note the count concerned to be n = 3, there being 4 additional, dividing, chromatin bodies which they describe as "microchromosomes". We never observed such bodies in our own numerous meiotic preparations of this taxon, although occasional accessory or B-type chromosomes were noted. The only tetraploid counts found to date have been those for A^ riddel 1 i i , which is largely diploid with n=5 pairs, but occasional populations from southcentral Texas are tetraploid with ni=10 pairs. Whether the numbers represent a descending series from a base chromosome number of x=5 or an ascending series on a base of x=3 is anybody's guess. Smith and Johnson (1964) thought that n=3 was derived from a taxon with n=4, and it might be that the latter number gave rise to both n=3 and n=5 by descending and ascending aneuploidy respectively. It should prove meaningful to obtain crosses between these several chromosomal groups, but all attempts to obtain such combinations failed (perhaps this aspect of the study was not pursued with enough vigor by the present author, but it seems notable that hybrids were never found in nature, even when the several taxa concerned grew in close proximity). One thing does seem clear, however: the ancestral base chromosome number for Aphanostephus was probably not x=9, as might be championed by earlier workers on the tribe Astereae (Solbrig, 1977). The genus is not easily related to any North American member of the Astereae, what with its conical receptacles, columnar achenes and sometimes paleaceous pappus. Superficially the species of Aphanostephus look like Erigerons or Asters but the genus is so different in its floral and fruit characters as to suggest a very remote relationship with these two genera. Generic Relationships Shinners (1946) relates the genus to Pi chaetophora (x=3) and Astranthium (x=4); he is probably correct in this assumption. These two genera, however, are themselves quite remote from Aphanostephus, to judge from their floral and fruiting structures, which strengthens my belief that these several chromosomal lines are ancestral relicts from some low base chromosome number for the tribe Astereae as a whole, either x=4 or 5, much as I have (Turner, 1977) postulated for Heterotheca (x=5, 4 and 9, sensu lati ), Aster (x=5, 8 and 9) and Machaeranthera (x=5, 4 and 9), relatively remote genera, all belonging to the tribe Astereae. And if one wishes to consider the large genus Hap! opappus, as treated by Hall (1928), to be a monophyletic assemblage* one cannot help but notethat Hall himself considered the section Osbertia to be the primitive element within 1984 Turner, Taxonomy of Apliano 6 te.phiU> 89 Hapl opappus , and that too has a base number of x=5 or 4 (Turner, unpubl. ) . That Aphanostephus is a relatively unspeci a 1 i zed , indeed remote, member of the tribe Astereae may be inferred from Bentham's remark (1873, p. 409) that Beilis itself (the genus to which he relates Aphanostephus) "may be said to approach some Anthemideae in the Old World, and in the New World, through Aphanostephus, to pass into Egletes and the more tropical Grangea type". Bentham goes on to emphasis tht the Grangea group links the tribe Astereae with the tribe Anthemideae, this based primarily on achenal structure, most of the taxa possessing non- f 1 attened achenes, much as does Aphanostephus. Bentham's conjecture that Aphanostephus or, indeed, Grangea might link the tribe Astereae to the Anthemideae, is not borne out by palynological studies, for both Aphanostephus and Grangea have pollen typical of the tribe Astereae while that of the tribe Anthemideae is radically different (Turner, 1977). Species Relationships Blake (1937) recognized two subgenera under Aphanostephus: subgen. Pappophanus containing those taxa with a pappus of scales ( A^_ pilosus, A. skirrhobasis and A^_ ki dder i ) ; and subgen. Aphanostephus containing A^ ramosi ssimus, A^_ riddel 1 i , and related taxa with a pappus of minute cilia. Shinners, however, reduced both subgenera to sectional rank, using the name Pappopecus for the subgenus Aphanostephus, contrary to the present Code. Unlike Blake or Shinners, I can see little need, to recognize infrageneric categories for the relatively few taxa concerned. As noted below, A. skirrhobasis (n=3) was probably derived from a species with n=4, presumably a taxon ancestral to both A. pilosus and A. ramosissimus as noted in the following: The hypotheti cal phyletic relationships shown above assumes that the perennial Aphanostephus riddel 1 ii , with a base chromosome number of x=5, has retained more primitive features than has the other species. Primitive vs advanced features are judged as follows: 90 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 2 primitive (0) 1. chromosome base, x=5 2. habit perennial 3. disk corolla-tube not inflated 4. achenal hairs straight 5. pappus of scales 6. ray florets numerous (50+) advanced (1) very advanced (2) x=4 x=3 annual inflated and indurate coiled or barbed pappus of cilia pappus of indurate crown or fused scales ray florets 8-34 By assigning values of 0, 1 and 2 to each of the above states it can be surmized that riddel 1 i i with a numerical value 2 is less advanced than the other species, while p i 1 o s u s , A. ramosi ssi mus and A^ ski rrhobasi s are more advanced, possessing scores of 6, 5-6 and 7-9 respectively, depending upon the variety under consideration. Of course this tabulation is highly biased. Other characters could have been chosen for such polarizations but I would have had little confidence in their validity. Those few chosen seem adequate and better than none. More rigorous cladistic analysis would have been preferred but, as noted above, it is difficult to find an out¬ group against which to assess the characters, Aphanostephus seemingly being a transitory genus between this or that. In short, out-group selection, depending upon the choice, would, in this instance, prove more whimsical for systematic purposes than the simplistic approach selected here. TAXONOMIC TREATMENT Key to Species of Aphanostephus 1. Hairs on achene coiled (Fig. la); pappus uneven and scaly or rarely composed of 5-10 acute to awn- tipped scales, 0. 2-2.0 mm long; chromosome numbers, 2n=6 - 3. /L_ ski rrhobasi s 1. Hairs on achene straight or very minute and each cell abruptly reflexed near apex forming a prong-shaped structure; pappus a ring of very short, nearly equal, cilia, 0.1-0.25 mm long; chromosome numbers, 2n=8, 10 or 20. 2. Achenal hairs minute, pronged (Fig. lc . ) ; perennials; chromosome numbers 2n= 10 or 20 - 4. A.riddel 1 i i 2. Achenal hairs straight, not minute and pronged 1984 Turner, Taxonomy of A,pka.n0&t£ph.u6 91 (Fig. lb); annuals; chromosome numbers 2n=8. 3. Plant coarsely hispid with jointed, trans¬ lucent hairs, those of the stem 0.6-2. 4 mm long, spreading at right angles; ray florets 13-21; north-central Texas and adjacent Oklahoma - 2. pi losus 3. Plant softly pubescent, the hairs mostly adpressed, 0.2-0. 8 mm long; rays 34 or more (except rarely on depauperate or autumnal forms); widespread species - 1. A. ramosissimus 1. APHANOSTEPHUS RAMOSISSIMUS DC., Prod. 5:310. 1836. The following intergrading varieties are recognized and each are discussed in more detail below: 1. Involucres 3.2-4.8 mm high; pappus a cupuliform or raised crown, 0.15-0.30 mm high; achenes 1.2-1. 4 mm long; plants of northeastern Mexico (eastern Coahuila, northern Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas) and adjacent United States . . . . la. var. ramosissimus 1. Involucres 4. 7-7. 5 mm high; pappus crown absent or nearly so; achenes 1.4-1. 6 mm long; plants of southwestern United States and northcentral Mexico southward to Mexico Ci ty area [2] . 2. Upper leaves mostly not clasping; stems usually erect, arising from a lignescent, usually unswollen, tap-root; plants from highland plateau regions of central Mexico (Gua juato-San Luis Potosi) northward to southwestern United States - lb. var. humi 1 i s 2. Upper leaves mostly clasping; stems usually prostrate or recumbent, arising from a swollen tap-root; plants of trans-volcanic montane regions of south-central Mexico ( Veracruz-Guerrero) - lc. var. ramosus la. /L RAMOSISSIMUS DC. var. RAMOSISSIMUS My interpretation of this taxon is essentially the same as Shinners' (1946). The type, as noted by him, was collected by Berlandierj presumably near San Antonio, Texas in Bexar County. Shinners thought that this taxon hybridized with /L_ ski rrhobasi s but, as noted above, hybridization between these taxa was never observed by the present author. Shinners also suggested that A^_ ramosi ssimus might hybridize with "A^ ari zoni cus"; I treat the 92 PHYTOLOGIA Vol . 56, No. 2 latter taxon as a regional variety of the present species (var. humil is, cf. below) and emphasize the fact that intergrades between these taxa can be found across a broad front in northcentral Mexico and western Texas (Fig. 2). This intergradation is gradual and does not appear to be due to iji situ gene exchange between distinct entities. Aphanostephus potosinus (type from Minas de San Rafael, San Luis Potosi, Mexico) Ts said to possess a combination of quantitative characters which serve to distinguish this from both arizonicus and A humil is but I find nothing of substance to justify specific recognition. The several plants cited by Shinners are mostly from central and southeastern San Luis Potosi and appear to be subtle regional i ntergradi ants between var. h u m i 1 i s , var. ramosi ssi mus and var. ramosus, these several taxa converging, geographical ly, in this area (Fig. 2 )• lb. APHANOSTEPHUS RAMOSISSIMUS DC. var. HUMILIS (Benth.) Turner and Birdsong, Phytologia 45: 501. 1980. Aphanostephus humil is (Benth.) A. Gray, 1880. Aphanostephus arizonicus A. Gray, 1880. Aphanostephus potosinus Shinners, 1946. LSee Shinners, 1946, for additional synonymy.] Shinners treated Aphanostephus humil is (type from Guanajuato, Leon, Mexico) as distinct from /L_ arizonicus (type from Gila Valley, Arizona, U.S.A.) noting that the latter "has generally passed" as the former. He constructed a tedious and difficult key to distinguish between these but the only definitive "character" appears to be that of geography; that is, plants of northern Mexico and adjacent U.S.A. belong to A. arizonicus and those of central Mexico belong to A. humil is. The large suite of specimens from northern Mexico which I examined show nothing in the way of character states to justify varietal status, much less specific status. Shinners also speaks of "intermediates" between Aphanostephus skirrhobasis and A. ramosi ssi mus which "are difficult to distinguish from A. arizonicus" but, as noted above, natural hybridization between these very distinct taxa probably does not occur and it is doubtful that any F^ hybrids would take on the characters of Shinners1 A^ ar i zon i cus. lc. APHANOSTEPHUS RAMOSISSIMUS var. RAMOSUS (DC.) Turner and Birdsong, Phytologia 45: 501. 1980. Aphanostephus ramosus (DC.) A. Gray, 1880. Type from Michoacan. Aphanostephus jaliscensis Shinners, 1946. Type from Jalisco. 1984 Turner, Taxonomy of Apka.n04-te.phu6 93 Aphanostephus pachyrrhi zus Shinners, 1946. Type from Puebla. [See Shinners, 1946, for additional synonymy.] This taxon forms fairly uniform populations in the volcanic highlands of southcentral Mexico, especially in disturbed ashy soils from 2000-3000 meters. Plants are characteristically prostrate or procumbent, possess mostly clasping upper leaves and have swollen, annual or biennial (?), tap roots. I have, however, observed considerable variation in these characters under field conditions, suggesting that their expression is under relatively weak genetic control. In any case, intergrades between var. ramosus and var. h u m i 1 i s occur northward and, probably, were names not already available for each of these, I might have recognized but a single taxon, so much alike they are in floral and fruit characters. 2. APHANOSTEPHUS PILOSUS Buckley My interpretation of this species is the same as Shinners (1946). 3. APHANOSTEPHUS SKIRRHOBASIS (DC.) Trel . , 1891. My interpretation of this species is essentially the same as Shinners (1946) except that I would recognize 3 intergrading regional infraspecific taxa (reducing his A. kidderi to varietal status) instead of two, as follows: 1. Plants low, bushy and much-branched from the base; leaves thickened and densely, almost felty, gray-pubescent; plants of active or stable sand dunes along the GulfCoastalRegions - lb. var. thalassius 1. Plants erect, usually sparsely-branch below; leaves not particularly thickened and not almost felty gray-pubescent beneath; interior populations on sandy soils. 2. Pappus of 5 or 10 acute or awn-tipped scales, mostly 0.4-2.0 mm long; plants of southcentral Texas and adjacent Mexico - lc. var. kidderi 2. Pappus an uneven, often awn-tipped, or ciliate scaly crown mostly 0.2-1. 8 mm long; widespread taxon - la. var. skirrhobasis 3a. APHANOSTEPHUS SKIRRHOBASIS (DC.) Trel. var. SKIRRHOBASIS Synonymy as listed by Shinners (1946). Shinners thought that "certain puzzling variations" of this taxon were due to interspecific hybridization but, as I have noted above, this is unlikely. My own field experience over a 30 year period with numerous populations leads me to believe that the 94 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 2 variety is exceptionally plastic with respect to habit, leaf shape and head size. Since these were the primary characters employed by Shinners, along with pappus size (also very variable), it is not surprizing that perplexing plants might be found. Shinners also described two new forma, f. quasi gigantiuscul us and f. incisifolius, the former a depauperate form of typical var. skirrhobasis, the latter a leaf form. This variety intergrades with var. thal assius over a broad region along the Gulf Coast and in such areas populations vary within and among themselves with regard to the characters used to distinguish between these. The same is true for the var. k i d d e r i , but intergrades between the latter occur in a more localized region. 3b. APHANOSTEPHUS SKIRRHOBASIS var. THALASSIUS Shinners, Wrightia 1: 106. 1946. TYPE. TEXAS: Galveton Co.: seashore S of High Island, 15 May 1945, H^ Shinners 7718 (holotype SMU). My evaluation of this taxon is essentially the same as Shinners. He notes that occasional plants of var. ski rrhobasi s are hard to separate from var. thal assius, "but the latter shows such uniformity and is so characteristic in appearance that it deserves nomencl atorial (sic) recognition." I ascribe to this view but believe that the intergradation, especially in southern Texas, is much more apparant than he suggested. As indicated in Fig. 4, var. thalassius occurs on stabilized and active dune sands along the Gulf Coastal Regions from northeastern Mexico to Louisiana. The disjunct populations in Flordia (cited by Shinners, 1946) also occur in dune sand and perhaps represent relatively recent introductions (i.e., over the last 100 years or so). Shinners cites but a single collection from Mexico (Runyon 442, C, US) where it occurs on dune sand south of Matamoras, Tamaulipas. No doubt additional sorties along the coastal dunesof northeastern Mexico will reveal its presence elsewhere in this poorly collected region. 3c. APHANOSTEPHUS SKIRRHOBASIS var. KIDDERI (Blake) B. L. Turner, comb. nov. - Based upon Aphanostephus kidderi Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. 53: 23. 1918. My interpretation of this taxon is about the same as Shinners except that I do not ascribe to his view that "it apparently hybridizes" with Aphanostephus ramosissimus, although the two often grow together. Shinners also does not mention the obvious intergradation of var. skirrhobasis with var. kidderi in southcentral Texas as noted 1984 Turner, Taxonomy of A phanoit&phuA 95 in my Fig. 5 . Careful collection of several populations across a small region in this area revealed populational intergradation, some plants in any one populational referrable to one taxon or the other. Away from the region of intergradation the diagnostic characters become stabilized. I take this to be regional intergradation due to primary divergence, and not that of secondary intergradation where allopatric hybridization is a factor (cf. Flake, Turner and Urbatsch, 1978). Shinners cited a number of collections of this taxon, all from Texas. I would like to place on record the following collections from MEXICO: Tamaulipas: 2 km SW Nuevo Laredo, Dominquez & McCart 8297 (TEX); 24 km S Nuevo Laredo, Dominquez & McCart 8222 (TEX); 18 mi S Nuevo Laredo, Escalante 43 (TEX); 1 mi E Nuevo Laredo, Ibarra 112 (TEX); 12 mi S Nuevo Laredo, Saenz 55 (TEX). 4. APHANOSTEPHUS R IDDELL! I T. & G. 1842. A. perenni s W. & S., 1913. My interpretation of this species is the same as Shinners. He rightly notes that it is easily recognized, often grows with the other species of Aphanostephus and does not form intermediates with these. 96 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 2 Literature Cited Bentham, G. 1973. Notes on the classification, history and geographical distribution of Compositae. J. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) 13: 335-577. Blake, S. F. 1937. Eleven new Asteraceae from North and South America. J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 27: 274-391. DeJong, D. C. and E. K. Longpre. 1963. Chromosome studies in Mexican Compositae. Rhodora 65: 225-240. Fedorov, A. A. (ed.). 1969. Chromosome numbers of flowering plants. Acad. Sci. U.S.S.R., Komarov Bot. Inst., Moscow. Flake, R. H., L. Urbatsch and B. L. Turner. 1978. Chemical documentation of allopatric introgression in Juniperus. System. Bot. 3: 129- 144. Hall, H. M. 1928. The genus Haplopappus. Carnegie Inst. Wash. 389: 1-391. Jackson, R. C. 1957. Documented chromosome numbers of plants. Madrono 14: 111. Keil, D. J. and T. F. Stuessy. 1975. Chromosome counts of Compositae from the United States and Mexico. Rhodora 77: 171- 195. Keil, D. J. and D. J. Pinkava. 1976. Chromosome counts and taxonomic notes for Compositae from the United States and Mexico. Amer. J. Bot. 63: 1393-1403. Powell, A. M. and S. A. Powell. 1978. Chromosome numbers in Astereae. Madrono 25: 160-169. Raven, P. H., 0. T. Solbrig, D. W. Kyhos and R. Snow. 1960. Chromosome numbers in Compositae I. Astereae. Amer. J. Bot. 47: 124-132. Semple, J. C. 1980. Jji Chromosome number reports LX V 1 1. Taxon 29: 357-358. Shinners, L. H. 1946. Revision of the genus Aphanostephus DC. Wrightia 1: 95-121. Smith, E. B. and R. R. Johnson. 1964. Microchromosomes in Aphanostephus (Compositae). Rhodora 66: 270-272. 1984 Turner, Taxonomy of Apka.n04te.phui 97 Solbrig, 0. T. 1977. Chromosomal cytology and evolution in the family Compositae. _In_ The Biology and Chemistry of the Compositae. Heywood, V. H., et al. (eds.). Academic Press, London. Turner, B. L. 1977. Summary of the biology of the Compositae. J_n The Biology and Chemistry of the Compositae. Heywood, V. H., et al. (eds.). Academic Press, London. _ and M. Cranmer. 1964. Taxonomy of Aphanostephus. Amer Bot. 51: 688. 98 PHYTOLOGIA Vol . 56, No. 2 Fig. 2. Distribution of varieties of A. ramosissimus. 1984 Turner, Taxonomy of Aphano&£e.pku.A 99 Fig. 3. Distribution of A. pilosus and A. riddellii. 100 PHYTOLOGIA Vol . 56, No. 2 Fig. 4. Distribution of varieties of A. skirrhobasis. Pappus length in mm 1984 Turner, Taxonomy of A.phxinot>t 101 20 plants • • typical A. skirrhobasis 1 I 3 4 5 6 Number of awns Fig. 5. Pappus variation in 4 populations of Aphanostephus skirrhobasis. ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS GMELZNA. IV Harold N. Moldenke GMEL JNA L. Additional bibliography: Memmler, Gartenwelt 16: 606. 1912; Mold., Phytologia 56: 32 — 54. 1984. GMEL1NA ARBOREA Roxb. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 56: 32 & 35. 1984. Peh (1964) summarizes pulping studies carried out on trial plan¬ tations of this species established in Malaya in 1931, 1932, and 1949, although nursery trees were first grown in Malaya in 1928. He asserts that the wood is a light hardwood with a mean basic specific gravity of 0.403. The "Freshly cut wood is creamy white. The chemi¬ cal composition of individual woods showed little variation except that the older trees had a higher ash content than that of the younger [Ones] . Good yields of unbleached and bleached sulphate pulps were obtained. The strength properties of the unbleached and bleached pulps were found to be better than those of the Australian commercial eucalypt sulphate pulp. The yields of soda pulp were of the same order of magnitude as those of the sulphate. The strength characteristics were inferior to the sulphate pulp, but were improved by bleaching. Cooks of the neutral sulphite semichemical process gave satisfactory yields. The strength properties were comparable to those of the soda pulp if beaten to the same Williams freeness. A high chlorine consumption was needed to bleach the pulp. " GMEL INA ASZATICA L. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 56: 32, 35, 42, 43, 47—50, 52, & 53. 1984. The Cau/n 6.n. [Aug. 20, 1934], HeAb. Hofit. Bot. Jav . 6.n., Scku- be.flt & Wk WtCfl6 278, and (U . Gfvi^iJh 6.n. [Malacca, 1845], distribu¬ ted as G. a64.aJU.ca, are all actually G. eUUUptUca J. E. Sm, while Niyomdkam & al. 241 is G. phUUUppe.n6J6 Cham. GMELIMA ELL1VTTCA J. E. Sm. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 56: 43 — 54. 1984. Additional citations: GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Madura: Backer 1902 7 (Bz — 21196); BfieJWCkamp 6 . Kl. (Bz — 21194). Paliat: Back&f I 29479 (Bz — 21186). Sabah: A min G. SAM. 95465 (Ld) ; F ok. Ve.pt. N. Bofine.0 SAN. 15304 (Ld) ; Glbot SAN. 31278 (Ld) ; M adani 35034 (Ld) ; Pua6a 22 [D. D. Wood 1274] (Ca— 239872); SaUkah & A ban SAN. 82322 (Sn— 49668) ; VUiZanuU 315 (Ld--photo, N--photo, Ph, W — 1291529). Sepandjang: Backe.fl 28805 (Bz— 21187) , 29051 (Bz— 21188, Bz— 21189, Bz— 25574) . Simalur: A ckmad 239 in part (Bz — 21257, Bz— 21258) . Sumatra: AjOCb 72 (Bz— 21249) ; A 6daJ 25 (Bz— 72624) , 7 59 (Bz— 72623), 191 (Bz— 72622); Bangham & Bangham 62 7 (n), 628 (N) ; Bourn an-Houtman 4 (Bz — 21244),- B fiuUnie.fi 122 (Bz — 21246); VocJeAA van Lce.uwe.n-ReUJnvaan 102 1984 Moldenke, Notes on GmeZZna 103 3124 in part (Bz— 21247, Bz— 21248) ; Foflbz* 1576 (N, Vu) ; Gu4 doKfa 214 (Bz— 21250); Kfiuko ^ 4422 (Mi, N), 4450 (Br, Bz— 21269, Mi, N) ; LOflZ-ing 8822 (Bz— 21245), 9277 (Bz— 21243) , 1 1 123 (Bz— 21241), 12957a (B); Manadja 442 (A); Po6thumu& 862 (Bz— 21238, Bz— 21239, Ut— 97474); Tonote 1120 (Mi, Mi), 1440 (Mi, N), 2541 (Ca— 531108, Mi, N, W— 1868076), 2546 (Mi, Mi, N, W— 1861081) , 3351 (Mi, N, W— 1681222), 3603 (Mi, N, Qu, W— 1675869) , 3694a [U. S. G. S. pollen 1872] (N, W— 1675915), 3962 (Mi, N, W— 1680595), 5357 (Mi, N) ; Van Ste.e.ru.6 9315 (Bz— 72808) ; VatZ6 81 7 (Ca— 226103), 856 (Ca— 225865, Mi); Zom 2 [Boschproefst. bbl23] (Bz— 21240) . LESSER SUNDA ISLANDS: Banka: Bllnne/nztj eA 1372 (Bz — 21253), 1560 (Bz — 21254). Salajar: Voct&W) van Leeuwen 1750 (Bz — 21237); TeZjimann 13845 (Bz — 21236). MOLUCCA ISLANDS: Amboina: B0Zh.Za.ge. 243 (Bz — 21206); VoZZZACkaZ 26 (V), 1 35 (V); K.0h.na6*i 1079 (Bz— 21204, Ca— 234909, Ut— 81000) ; Rant 339 (Bz— 21201) ; C. 8. R oblnAon 306 (W— 654624) ; Thzub 408 (Bz— 21205). Ceram: R oJUzn 1667 (Bz— 21207, Ut— 80999) . CULTIVATED: Belgium: Hzhb . MahttuA A.n. [H. B.] (Br) . China: Chou) 80202 (N) . Florida: GitJUA 1 1029 [PI. Introd. 97933-M. 5668] (Ba, Ld) ; Skzzkan R .33 (Ba) . Hawaiian Islands: Caum A.n. [Aug. 20, 1934] (Bi) ; Yunc.ke.fi 358 7 (Dp). India: Hzab. Holt. Bot. CaZcutt. 6.n. (Mu — 739, T) . Java: Hzhb. Hofit. Bot. B ogOK. 12014 (Bz — 21066), H.B.75 (Bz — 21259), X.F. 74 (Bz— 21263, Bz— 21264, Bz— 21265, Bz— 25572) , X.F .16 (Bz— 21067, Bz— 21068, Bz— 25573), X.F. 7 7 in part (Bz— 21069, Bz— 25585), X.F. 17a (Bz— 21070), XI/. F. 5 (Bz— 21297, Bz— 21298, N) , XI/. F. 6 (Bz— 26299, Bz— 26300, Bz, N) , XI/. F. 7 (Bz— 26301) , 6.n. (Bz— 21065, Pd). Mauritius: Bouton 4 .n. [Pamplemousses , 1835] (Br) . Mozambique: BaZAtnhaA & Macnacua 578 (Ul) . Puerto Rico: SckubzhX i WtntZh.& 278 (N). Tahiti: Bafifiau 2 (Bi) . Zaire: l ZzAmoZAZn 6.n. [Eala, 15-12-14] (Br) . LOCALITY OF COLLECTION UNDETERMINED: HgAb . Ltnnaeui 780/1 (Ld — photo of type, Ls — type, N — photo of type); Hefib . Oib&ck i.n. (s) Scofitzchtni 740 (N) . GMELINA ELL1PTJCA f. juv. LOBATA (Gaertn.) Mold., Phytologia 4:178.1953- Synonymy: J ambo6a 6t£.VZAtfU-6 pafivt^otta Rumpf, Herb. Amboin. 1: 129, pi. 40. 1741. GmeJLina tobaXa Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. PI. 1: 268, pi. 56, fig. 5. 1788. JambuAa bylvtAtHiA pafivi^oLia Rumpf apud J. E. Sm. in Rees, Cyclop., imp. 1 [London], 16: GmeJttna 1. 1810. JambuAa 6yZveAtfU-6 pa/ivt^tofia Rumpf ex Watt., Diet. Econ. Prod. India 3: 516 in syn. 1889. Jamboia 6yZvZ6tfu.6 Rumpf ex Mold., Phy- tol. Mem. 2: 412 in syn. 1980. Jambo&a t>yZveJ>tfu.& pafivZfioZZa Rumpf ex Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 412 in syn. 1980. Bibliography: Rumpf, Herb. Amboin. 1: 129, pi. 40. 1741; Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. PI. 1: 268, pi. 56, fig. 5. 1788; J. E. Sm. in Rees, Cyclop., imp. 1 [London], 16: GmeZZna 1 (1810) and imp. 2 [Philad.], 17: GmeJLLm 1. 1820; Schau. in A. DC., Prodr. 11: 679. 1847; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 200. 1858; Watt, Diet. Econ. Prod. India 3: 516. 1889; Jacks, in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew. , imp. 1, 1: 1039. 1893; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 3: 299. 1930; Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 53 (1): 1074. 1932; Jacks, in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 2, 1: 1039. 1946; Mold., Biol. Abstr. 27: 2026. 1953; Petelot, PI. Med. Camb. Laos Vietn. 2: 252 (1954) and 4: 119. 1954; 104 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 2 Mold., Resume 184, 187 — 190, 195, 196, 199, 218, 297, 423, & 456. 1959; Jacks, in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew. , imp. 3, 1: 1039. 1960; Mold., Re'sume' Suppl. 12: 8 (1965) and 18: 7. 1969; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 317, 325, 332, & 363 (1971) and 2: 524, 791, & 880. 1971; Mold., Phytologia 34: 269. 1976; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 307, 315, 322, 354, 412, 435, & 549. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 55: 334 & 494 (1984) and 56: 53. 1984. Illustrations: Rumpf, Herb. Amboin. 1: pi. 40. 1741; Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. PI. 1: pi. 56, fig. 5. 1788. This apparently juvenile form, without taxonomic signif icance , differs in its plainly 2 — 7-lobed leaves. It sometimes occurs on turions or watersprouts and occasionally even on mature specimens in flower and/or fruit. It appears to be identical to G. aiZo4u.ca f. juv. lobcuta. Mold, except that its leaf-blades are conspicuously pubescent beneath, while in the latter they are glabrous. It should be noted that Gaertner's name, GmzZZna ZobaZa, , may ac¬ tually have been proposed by him merely as a substitute (and in his view, a more appropriate) name for Linnaeus' G. atsZa4u.ca. Gaertner does not describe the leaves. My description is based on a specimen in the Leiden herbarium so labeled whose leaves are conspicuously pubescent beneath. Collectors describe G. zZZu.p4u.ca f- juv. ZobaZa as a small thorny shrub, 2--4 m. tall, with yellow corollas (OcckZonZ 6.n.)- They have encountered it in old clearings at elevations of sealevel to 25 m. , in anthesis in March (OcckZonZ ■i.n.l- Some collections cited below (viz. , Ac/i maZ 239, BakhuZzZ.n 1649, CZmz.nz 2S6, VocZcu van Lccuwcn 3124, HzAib. boat. BaZ. Bogon.. X.F .11, and LDfizZng 12957 ) are in part typical G. zZZA.p4U.ca J. E. Sm. and in part f. juv. Zobcuta, but it is not stated on the accompanying labels if the branchlets with unlobed leaves and those with lobed leaves did or did not actually come from the same individual plant, but it is assumed that they did. Anwari Dilmy, in a letter to me dated Novem¬ ber 15, 1957, has this to say of the photographed here reproduced; "The photo shows a watersprout cut into 5 sections with lobed leaves and a branch from the upper part of the shoot, cultivated in Hort. Bogor as plant XVF.6 under the name of G. aiZaZZca var. v4ZZ06a" . He continues: "When making a botanical trip in SE. Java Mr. Jacobs col¬ lected on the Blambangan Peninsula material of GmzZZna zZZup4u.ca J. E. Sm. The shrub was irregularly branched, and produced peculiar watersprouts, one of which he secured. A comparison with material in the Herbarium Bogoriense, by you identified and labelled, learned that the normal twigs were identical with G. zZZA.p4u.ca, but that the thorny watersprout with lobed leaves was with G. zZZu.p4u.ca f. ZobaZa (Gaertn.) Moldenke. To make things more certain, he examined living shrubs in the Hortus Bogoriensis, where they are cultivated under the name G. ai>Za4U-Ca L, var. V-iZZoba Bakh. , garden numbers XV F 6, 7, and 19, he founa that the 'twigs in the upper part of tne shrub are thorn¬ less and bearing simple leaves, and that rhe watersprouts, with their branches in the lower part of the shrub are thorned and bearing smaller, lobed leaves." R anZ 747 , from Amboina, exhibits very tiny, apparently mature. 1984 Moldenke, Notes on GmeJJ-na 105 leaves and very spiny branches and his no. 214 has even smaller leaves borne on Junellia-like branches. These collections seem to represent a small-leaved form of G. elllptlco strongly reminiscent of the so-called G. pOK\) Z^O ZaLo Roxb. Schauer (1847), in fact, recog¬ nized G. pOLKoZ^oZZa. as a valid and distinct species and reduced G. Zobouto Gaertn to its synonymy. Possibly the form is worthy of for¬ mal designation. BuKge.fi 412 represents a very immature seedling of G. elZZpZZco f. juv. ZoboZo and the vernacular name, "cafe mera", has been reported for it. Material has been identified and distributed in some herbaria as typical G. elZZpZZco J. E. Sm. , as well as G. 0l6ZoZZco L. , G. W y6~ tnZx Kurz, G. pOKoZ^ZoflO Pers., G. plviZA.ppe.n6Z6 Cham., G. \)ZZZ060L Blume, and even Va.ngue.fiA.0L 6pZn06a Roxb. Citations: PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Cebu: M. R amo6 , Hcflb. PkZZZp. BuK. Sot. 11 OSS (Bz — 21219). Mindanao: M. S. Ctejnen6 2S6 in part (Bz — 21215); E. B. Copeland. 346 (N, W— 850365) ; M eafin6 170 (W— 447507) ; W-t lke.6 4.n. [Caldera] (W--40646) . Mindoro: E. V. MeAfiZH 91 S (W — 435887). Tawi-tawi: S. 0Z6e.n S22 (Cp, Ld) . Visayas: LounbeAl & Bfiun&on 26 (W — 1863684). GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Celebes: RachmcU 699 (Bz— 21229). Java: Ba.cke.fl 45S2 (Bz— 21132) , 16579 (Bz— 21136) , 213S5 (Bz— 21119), 34145 (Bz— 21148) ; BakhulzCn 11 SS (Bz— 21096), 1649 in part (Bz— 21117, Bz— 21118) , 3479 (Bz— 21084, Bz— 21085), 4263 (Bz — 21086); Edellng 6.n. (Bz— 21106) ; HolZUcK 271 (Bz— 21081), 106 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 2 4. ft. [13. XII. 1894] (Bz— 21098), -6. ft. [11. VIII. 1896] (Bz— 21144) , 4 . ft. [16. VIII. 1896] (Bz— 21097), 4. ft. [24 .VIII . 1896] (Bz— 21145), •4. ft. (Bz — 21099); Han.de.nb e.n.g 29 (Bz — 21090); Hooge.nwe.n.fi 79 (Bz — 21071); Koondtu 1976* [32986b] (Bz— 21179) , 2 996* [23762b] (Bz— 21178); Ko6te.fLma.Vli, 6. ft. (Bz — 72916); Lam 457 j (Bz — 21109); T h.0 4e.ft0.0A 264 (Bz — 21082, Bz — 21083, Cp, Ld— photo, N— photo) ; WoZ^fi V0n WHZfa- Zng 4867 (Bz — 21093). Kangean: 8 ackeJL 27331 (Bz — 21191), 275 48 (Bz — 21190). Madura: 8 acke.fl 19799 (Bz— 21197, Bz— 21198) , 20346 (Bz— 21195); l / 0 flde.fiman 115 (Bz — 21199). Saboenting: Bac.ke.fL 29904 (Bz — 21185) . Simalur: Aclvmad 239 in part (Bz — 21257) . Sumatra: Vode.n.6 van Le&uwen 3124in part (bz — 21248); LOnztng 1 2957b (b) . Molucca ISLANDS: Amboina: R ant 214 (Bz— 21202), 747 (Bz— 21203) . CULTIVATED: Brazil: Occktowl 6. ft. [Herb. JaRD. Bot. Rio Jan. 29542] (B) . Ger¬ many: dte.ndZmayn 27 (Mu — 1368). Java: 8 un.ge.fL 412 [2-2-1922] (Bz — 21107), 41 2 [10-6-1922] (Bz— 21108) ; Hcnb. Hont. 8 ot. Bogon. X.F.17 in part (Bz— 21069) . GMEbIMA FASCJCULJF LORA Benth. in Benth. & F. Muell., FI. Austral. 5: 65. 1870. Synonymy: 1/Zte.X ZeJ.chkan.dtlA. var. gZabKOta F. Muell. ex Benth. in Benth. & F. Muell., FI. Austral. 5: 65 in syn. 1870. GmcZZna. faa6 CACuZl'fo&n.a F. Muell. ex Uphof, Diet. Econ. PI., ed. 2, 246. 1968. Bibliography: Benth. & F. Muell., FI. Austral. 5: 65. 1870; F. Muell., Sec. Syst. Cens. Austral. PI. 1: 173. 1889; F. M. Bailey, Cat. Indig. Nat. PI. Queensl. 35. 1890; Jacks, in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew. , imp. 1, 1: 1039. 1893; Brig, in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. , ed. 1, 4 (3a): 173. 1895; F. M. Bailey, Queensl. FI. 4: 1177 & 1178. 1901; F. M. Bailey, Compreh. Cat. Queensl. PI. 386. 1913; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 69 & 93. 1942; Jacks, in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 2, 1: 1039. 1946; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 2, 153 & 186. 1949; Mold., Re¬ sume 209 & 456. 1959; Jacks, in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 3, 1: 1039. 1960; Willaman & Schubert, Agr. Res. Serv. U. S. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bull. 1234: 237. 1961; Uphof, Diet. Econ. PI., ed. 2, 246. 1968; Mold., Resume Suppl. 18: 12. 1969; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 346 (1971) and 2: 523 & 880. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 337 & 549. 1980; Webb & Tracey in Groves, Austral. Veg. 80, fig. 4.6. 1981; Mold., Phytologia 55: 333. 1984. Illustrations: Webb & Tracey in Groves, Austral. Veg. fig. 4.6. 1981. A tall tree, nearly glabrous throughout, except for the inflor¬ escence; leaves decussate-opposite; leaf-blades subcoriaceous , ovate, 7.5 — 35 cm. long, usually to 24 cm. wide, apically obtuse or obtusely acuminate, shiny above; midrib and secondaries much elevated beneath; tertiaries not nearly as intricately reticulate as in Q. ZeZck- kandtU.; inflorescence ferruginous-villous or brown-velvety, the cymes reduced to dense, opposite, sessile clusters along the branches of a terminal panicle, bracteate; bracts at the base of the cyme clusters, broad, shorter than the calyx; pedicels very short or obso¬ lete; calyx usually broadly campanulate, about 4 mm. long, apical¬ ly truncate or more or less distinctly toothed, externally ferrugin¬ ous-villous; corolla pale-purple or internally cream-color spotted 1984 Moldenke, Notes on Gme^cna. 107 with blue, externally villous or brown-velvety , the tube short, much more dilated and oblique than in G. ZZA.ckha.>id£vL , the lower lip^fully 1.3 cm. long, with a large, broad middle lobe, the lobes of the up¬ per lip all broad but much shorter than the lowest; fruit not seen. The species is based on an unnumbered Dallachy collection from Rockingham Bay, Queensland, Australia, but the species is said to oc¬ cur also in "other tropical scrubs" and in "dense vine forests". Vernacular names recorded for it are "toeah" and "white beech". Citations: AUSTRALIA: Queensland: KajeWikA. 1337 (N, S) ; 260 (BZ— 21268); Vu Utfz 4262 (s) ; C. T. HlkUz 1337 (S) . GMELINA HAINANENSIS Oliv. in Hook., Icon. Pi. 19: sub pi. 1874. 1889. Bibliography: Oliv. In Hook., Icon. PI. 19: pi. 1874. 1889; Forbes & Hemsl., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 26 [Ind. FI. Sin. 2]: 257. 1890; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 1, 185. 1902; Dunn & Tutcher, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. Addit. Ser. 10: 203. 1912; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1 (1): 227. 1924; E. D. Merr., Lingn. Sci. Journ. 5: 158. 1927; P'ei, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1 (3): [Verbenac. China] 116 & 120 — 121. 1932; Dop, Rev. Internat. Bot. Appliq. Agric. Trop. 13: 893, 894, & 897. 1933; Dop in Lecomte, FI. Ge'n. Indo-chine 4: 842 & 844 — 845. 1935; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 2, 185. 1941; Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names 24. 1942; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 3, 185. 1959; Mold., Resume 174 & 456. 1959; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 289 & 292 (1971) and 2: 880. 1971; Mold., Phy- tol. Mem. 2: 279, 281, & 549. 1980; Raj, Rev. Palaeobot. Palyn. 39: 357, 372, & 395. 1983; Mold., Phytologia 55: 336. 337, & 493 (1984) and 56: 34 & 35. 1984. A tall tree, to 22 m. tall, or erect woody shrub, 2 — 3 m. tall, with a spreading crown; trunk closely resembling that of Stip-ium, to 90 cm. in girth and 4 — 18 cm. in diameter at breast height; branch- lets pubescent when young, glabrous in age; leaf-scars and lenticels very prominent; flower-buds brownish-gray woolly; leaves decussate- opposite; petioles 3 — 4.5 cm. long, canaliculate above, brown- pubescent; leaf-blades thick-chartaceous, green above, gray- or bluish-green beneath, broadly ovate, 7 — 15 cm. long, 5.5 — 9 cm. wide, apically acute, marginally entire, basally cuneate to truncate, shiny above, downy-pubescent or minutely hispidulous and glandular-hoary beneath; secondaries about 4 per side, prominently elevated beneath; inflorescence terminal, cymose-paniculate, dense; bracts foliaceous, ovate, subsessile, 8 — 10 mm. long, 5 — 8 mm. wide, deciduous; flowers ill-scented or odorless, irregular; calyx pale-green, bilabiate, 5- lobed, the lobes broadly ovate-deltoid, externally pubescent and with numerous, large, discoid glands, internally sparsely pubescent; co¬ rolla pinkish-white or white to yellow or red, often maroon or purple to lavender and orange within, about 2.5 cm. long, 2 cm. wide at the throat, 2-lipped, both externally and internally glandular-pubescent, the tube about 2.5 cm. long, the lobes fringed with yellowish ap- pressed hairs; stamens 4, white, the filaments and anthers sparsely glandulose; style white, sparsely glandular-pilose; ovary externally densely pubescent; fruit ovoid, about 1.5 cm. long and 1 cm. wide, equaling the f ruiting-calyx, glaucescent, green or bluish-green. 108 PHYTOLOGIA Vol . 56, No. 2 This species is based on a B. C. Henry collection from Hainan is¬ land, where it appears to be endemic. P'ei (1932) notes that it is distinguishable from all other known Chinese species by its ovoid- deltoid calyx-lobes. He cites from Hainan only Ckun 253 & 1078, Hi'ang, Tang. & Fung 97, McClure 2724, and Tak 5 00 & 904. Raj (1983) describes the pollen on the basis of How 70453 in the Stockholm herbarium. The Dop (1933) record from Tonkin, Vietnam, is doubtless a mis- identif ication of G. tiacdmOAa (Lour.) Merr. P'ei (1932) distinguishes the Chinese species known to him as fol¬ lows : 1. Calyx-rim truncate or shortly toothed, the teeth not over 1.5 mm. long . 2. Ovary densely pubescent, calyx-rim truncate or with only rudi¬ mentary teeth; leaf-blades elliptic-ovate . G. C.kA.n-iii 2a. Ovary glabrous or nearly so; calyx-rim short-dentate; leaf- blades broadly elliptic. 3. Erect trees; leaves large, the blades 10--25 cm. long, 5— 18 cm. wide; inflorescence erect . G. aKboflQM. 3a. Scandent shrubs, at least when young; leaves small, the blades not over 10 cm. long; inflorescence pendulous.... G. ai>T.ajtica la. Calyx-rim distinctly lobed, the lobes to 11 mm. long. 4. Ovary densely pubescent; calyx with many large glands; leaves large, the blades usually 7 — 15 cm. long and 5.5 — 7.5 cm. wide; inflorescence dense . G. kaA.nan&nA'ii 4a. Ovary glabrous; calyx usually with only a few large glands; leaves small, not over 2.5 cm. long; inflorescence loose . G. deJLavayana GmeJLina haT.nane.n^T.6 is sometimes reduced to synonymy under the very similar G. riaczmoba (Lour.) Merr. Collectors have found G. kaA.nane.n-iT.6 growing on cleared hill¬ sides partly reverting to forest, in woods and mixed or light woods, in thickets, in dense shade, on dry ground, and on open grassy hill¬ sides, at 320--1700 m. altitude, in flower from March to July, as well as in September, and in fruit in June, August, and September. Fung reports it "fairly common but scattered, in clay on dry gentle slopes", but it is described as "rare" by Lei "on dry level ground in sandy soil of thickets and village commons" and by Lau "in thick¬ ets in dry sandy soil on gentle slopes". The corollas are described as having been "yellow" on Ltang 61767, "white" on Lau 75 and Tiang 704, "white and yellow" on Tiang & aZ. 97, "white outside, maroon inside" on McCZuKZ. 20049 "white or pinkish outside, lavender and orange inside" on M dCtuKQ, 2724, "white, but purple inside" on Ko 5 2188, "yellow and purple-red" on Ckun 7007, "pinkish-white" on Ckun 1078, "purplish-white" on Uang 32777 , "white and purple" on Liang 61985, "purple with white edge" (Dunn & Tutcher, 1912), "cream" on GtlZA6AJtt 1077, "red" on Tiang 500, "yellowish- white" on How 71643, and "white tinged with yellow and purplish-red" on How) 70453. Vernacular names recorded for the species are "shek tsz", "shek 1984 Moldenke, Notes on GmeJA.no. 109 tsz shue", "shek tzi shu", and "song tsio gun". McClure asserts that the wood is commercially valuable in boat building. Dunn & Tutcher (1912) list the species from mainland Kwangtung with a question. The alleged occurrence in Annam is most probably a misinterpretation of G. Kacejmoba (Lour.) Merr. , a taxon which, a- long with G. baianiae Dop, is often erroneously reduced to the syn¬ onymy of G. kainane.nAi4 . Citations: CHINESE COASTAL ISLANDS: Hainan: Ching 5995 (N) ; W. y. Chun 1078 [Herb. Univ. Nanking 6461] (Ca — 239972, N — photo), 7007 (N); Chun & Tici 32542 (N) , 43542 (Bi, Go, N, s) ; dalzieJL 6.n. twu- king-fu, April 1899] (Ed); Fung 20370 (B, Bz— 21272, Ca— 11447, Mi, N, W— 1751157) ; GHt66itX. 1077 (Gg— 316086, I); HOW 70453 (Bi, Go, Mi, N, S), 70801 (Bi, Go, N, S), 71643 (BZ — 21271); Ko 52188 (B, N, W— 1669633); Lau 75 (B, Ca— 525237, I, Mi, N, W— 1629055) , 1582 (N) , 3664 (Bi, S); LeJ 450 (B, Ba, Bz— 21270, Ca— 611281, Mi, N, W— 1754103); Liang 61767 (B, N, W— 1669762), 61985 (Go, N) , 63162 (N) , 65341 (N) ; McClure. 2724 [Herb. Canton Chr. Coll. 9281] (Bi, Gg — 127990, N, Ph) , 20049 (Ca— 603393, N, W— 1665058) ; Tak /W.-T. Tiang] 5 00 [Herb. Lingnan Univ. 17249] (B, Ca — 356591, N, W — 1659772) , 904 [Herb. Lingnan Univ. 16403] (Ca — 326121, N, W — 1249457) ; T&ang, Tang, & Fung 97 [Herb. Lingnan Univ. 17628] (N, W — 1672550) ; Wang 32777 (Go, N, W— 1670023). GMEL1NA LEPERMANNI H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Malay. Arch. 226. 1919. Bibliography: H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Malay. Arch 216, 226, & 366. 1919; H. J. Lam in Lauterb., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 59: 94. 1924; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 6: 92. 1926; Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 60 (2): 573. 1941; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 67 & 93 (1942) and ed. 2, 149 & 186. 1949; Mold., Resume 201 & 456. 1959; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 336 (1971) and 2: 880. 1971; Mold., Phytologia 31: 390. 1975; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 327 & 549. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 55: 335 (1984) and 56: 38. 1984. A usually small tree, 10 — 30 m. tall; outer bark gray-brown, longitudinally fissured; inner bark yellowish; wood pinkish or white; branchlets minutely pubescent, finally glabrescent; leaves decus¬ sate-opposite; petioles 2 — 4 cm. long, at first minutely pubescent, later glabrescent, red-brown; leaf-blades coriaceous, dull mid-green, broadly ovate or ovate-rotundate, 8 — 14 cm. long, 4.5—9 cm. wide, apically rotundate or abruptly and obtusely acuminate, marginally entire, basally rotundate or slightly cordate, glabrous above when mature, eglandulose, glabrous beneath except for the subpubescent midrib; secondaries 6—8 per side, with 2 large glands beneath the lowermost; principal veins red-brown; inflorescence paniculate, minutely pubescent, eventually glabrescent, pyramidal, 13 — 25 cm. long, 2 — 4 cm. wide, terminal, the corymbs borne in the axils of rotundate bracts which are pubescent on both surfaces; calyx 3 mm. long (after anthesis 5 mm. wide) , externally pubescent or glabrous and with a few large glands, the rim irregularly 5-dentate or -sinuate to subtruncate; corolla fulvous-yellow or whitish-pink with a yellow spot on the lower lip, 1.4 cm. long, externally ap- pressed-pubescent, the tube 7 mm. long, the limb oblique, marginally pubescent within, bilabiate, the upper lip small, 2-lobed, the lower 110 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 2 lip larger, 3-lobed, with the middle lobe longer than the other two; stamens 4, slightly exserted; style filiform, the apex subulate, not bifid; ovary externally glabrous except for the rigidly pilose apex, 4-celled, 4-ovulate; fruit drupaceous, consisting of a single pyrene, 4-celled, 4-seeded, blue or violet-purple when mature. This species is based on Lo.dOAma.nn 6531 and 10455a and SchtochtO.A 6 .n. , the two former from the Malu headquarters, at an altitude of 60 m. , near the Sepik river. New Guinea, at least the first number col¬ lected in anthesis on March 3, 1912. The Schlechter collection is from near Dschischugari , at 800 m. altitude. New Guinea, collected in bud on May 25, 1909. All three collection are apparently from the northeastern portion of the island, now known as Territory of New Guinea. Lam (1919) comments that "Our species has a close re¬ semblance with G. VatKi/mpte.anar but differs from it by its smaller leaves which never have more than 2 basal glands, its narrower in¬ florescence, its glabrous calyx, and its yellow corolla." It should be noted, however, that in his formal description he distinct¬ ly says "calyx pubescens" — perhaps it is glabrescent in age. Fedde & Schuster (1941) cite only the two Ledermann collections, implying that only these are to be regarded as cotypes. It should also be noted that in all probability the Schlechter collection, cited without number by Lam, is his no . 19566. The species has been encountered in lowland hill forests, at 12 — 800 m. altitude, in flower in March and May, and in fruit in May. While Lam emphasized the yellow color of the corolla, Ridsdale im¬ plies that it is mostly pinkish-white with only a "yellow mark" on the lower lip. Citations: NEW GUINEA: Papua: R idtdalo. UGF. 31114 (Mu). Territory of New Guinea: F. R. R. Scht0.cht0A 19566 (Br, Ca — 226554, F — photo, Ld — photo, N, N — photo. Si — photo) . GMELINA LEICHHARDTII (F. Muell.) F. Muell. ex Benth. & F. Muell., FI. Austral. 5: 65. 1870. Synonymy: l UtOX totchhaAdtAA. F. Muell., Fragm. Phyt. Austral. 3: 58. 1862. JcctOYUX. gKandti W. Hill, Cat. Queensl. Woods [Lond. In- ternat. Exhib.] 20. 1862; Domin, Bibl. Bot. 89 (6): 1114 in syn. 1928 [not T. gKandti l. f., 1781]. GmoJLtna. lotchaKdtAA. f. Muell. ex Jacks, in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew. , imp. 1, 1: 1039. 1893. Gmottna loJ.chhaA.dttt f. Muell. ex Jacks, in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 2:1285. 1895. Gmettna lotchhaKdttt Benth. ex Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pf lanzenfam. , ed. 1, 4 (3a): 173. 1895. GmotA.no totchaAdtA. Geissman & Hinreiner, Bot. Rev. 18: 91. 1952; Mold., Resume Suppl. 16: 22 in syn. 1968. GmzLim totchthoAdtdt F. Muell. ex Uphof, Diet. Econ. Pi., ed. 2, 71. 1968. GmotA.no. tQA.chha.KdtA. Lord, Trees Shrubs Austral. Gard., ed. 5, 22. 1978. Bibliography: W. Hill, Cat. Queensl. Woods [Lond. Internat. Ex¬ hib.] 20. 1862; F. Muell., Fragm. Phyt. Austral. 3: 58 (1862), 3: 168 (1863), and 6: 158. 1868; Benth. & F. Muell., FI. Austral. 5: 65 & 66. 1870; Scheff., Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 1: 42. 1876; F. M. Bailey, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales 4: 174. 1880; F. Muell., First Cens. 103. 1882; F. M. Bailey, Syn. Queensl. FI. 379. 1883; J. Keys, 1984 Moldenke, Notes on GmcXtmx 111 Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensl. 2: 48. 1885; F. M. Bailey, Queensl. Woods 91. 1888; F. Muell., Sel. Extratrop. PI., ed. 7, 189. 1888; F. M. Bailey, Queensl. Woods 104. 1889; F. Muell., Second Syst. Cens. Austral. PI. 1: 171 & 173. 1889; F. M. Bailey, Cat. Indig. Nat. PI. Queensl. 35. 1890; Jacks, in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew. , imp. 1, 1: 1039 (1893) and imp. 1, 2: 1213 & 1285. 1895; Br4q. in Engl. & Prantl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. , ed. 1, 4 (3a): 173. 1895; Maiden, Agric. Gaz. N. S. Wales 6: [287] — 289 & 681. 1895; F. M. Bailey, Queensl. FI. 4: 1177 & 1178. 1901; Gamble, Man. Indian Timb., ed. 2, imp. 1, 537 & 778. 1902; Maiden, Commerc. Timb. N. S. Wales, ed. 2, 23. 1904; Maiden, For. FI. N. S. Wales 1: 185, pi. 33. 1904; MacMahon, Merch. Timb. Queensl. 53. 1905; Maiden, For. FI. N. S. Wales 2: 199 (1906) and 4 [40], pi. [20] & [21], 1910; Gerth van Wijk, Diet. Plantnames, imp. 1, 1: 596. 1911; Guilfoyle, Austral. PI. 187. 1911; F. M. Bai¬ ley, Compreh. Cat. Queensl. PI. 386. 1913; Maiden, Some Princip. Comm. Trees N. S. Wales [N. S. Wales For. Handb.] 207, 1917; H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Malay. Arch. 221. 1919; Gamble, Man. Indian Timb., ed. 2, imp. 2, 537 & 778. 1922; Janssonius, Mikrogr. Holz. Java 804. 1926; Domin, Bibl. Bot. 22 (89): 1114. 1928; Francis, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales 53: 474—484, fig. 1—9, & pi. 29 — 31. 1928; Fran¬ cis, Austral. Rain-for. Trees, ed. 1, 333 — 336, fig. 222 — 224. 1929; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 3: 299. 1930; Dadswell & Eckersley, Austral. Counc. Sci. Ind. Res. Bull. 90: 70, fig. 55. 1935; Wangerin, Justs Bot. Jahresber. 56 (1): 669 (1936) and 58 (1): 845. 1938; Birch & Lyons, Journ. Proc. Roy. Soc. N. S. Wales 71: 391 — 405. 1938; Fedde, Justs Bot. Jahresber. 58 (2) : 550. 1939; Harradence & Lyons, Chem. Abstr. 35: 460. 1941; Mold., Suppl. List Inv. Names 3. 1941; Worsdell, Ind. Lond. Suppl. 1: 441. 1941; Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names 25. 1942; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 69 & 93. 1942; Aulin- Erdtman & Erdtman, Chem. Abstr. 38: 5821. 1944; Mold., Phytologia 2: 104. 1945; Jacks, in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 2, 1: 1039 (1946) and imp. 2, 2: 1213 & 1285. 1946; H. N. & A. L. Mold., PI. Life 2: 69. 1948; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 2, 153, 160, & 186. 1949; Metcalfe & Chalk, Anat. Dicot. 2: 1037. 1950; Francis, Austral. Rain-for. Trees, ed. 2, 366 — 369, fig. 230--231. 1951; Geissman & Hinreiner, Bot. Rev. 18: 91. 1952; Birch, Hughes, & Sm. , Austral. Journ. Chem. 7: 83. 1954; Anon., U. S. Dept. Agr. Bot. Sub j . Ind. 15: 14357. 1958; Karrer, Konstit. Vork. Org. Pflanzenst. 464. 1958; Mold., R<*sum.n. [Pine Ck., 15.9.1950] (Ng — 16906); M Cbidzn 6.n. [Port Macquarie, Nov. '9;] (Mi); A. VlruJULLpi) 6.n. [March 1940] (S) . Queensland: M. S. CZejmznA 43570 (Mi), 4.n. [Brisbane, 10 April 1945] (Ca — 81169, Mi), 6.n. [1 February 1946] (Mi), 4.n. [March 1947] (F — photo, Ld — photo, N, N — photo. Or — 1984 Moldenke, Notes on GmzJU.no. 115 55583, Si — photo), 6.n. [Dalrymple Heights, July-Nov. 1947] (Ca— 81168, Mi, N) . CULTIVATED: Australia: Hz> lb. SydnZy Bot. Ga.>ld. 6.n. (F — photo, Gg — 198856, Ld — photo, N — photo, Sg — photo); KauZ^U66 6.n. [Bot. Gard. Sydney 12.1908] (Mu— 4155) ; E. itldZl 51 [12/1908] (Ew, Ld — photo, N) . Hawaiian Islands: MzEZdouinZy 4.H. [Aug. 6, 1948] (Bi, Bi) . MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Francis, Austral. Rain-for. Trees, ed. 1, 335, fig, 224. 1929 (Ld) and ed. 4, 369, fig. 231. 1981 (Ld) ; Mai¬ den, Agric. Gaz. N. S. Wales 6: 287. 1895 (Ld) . GMELINA LEP1V0TA Scheff., Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 1: 41 — 42. 1876. Bibliography: F. Muell., Descrip. Notes Papuan PI., imp. 1, 5: 91 & 113. 1875; Scheff., Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 1: 41 — 42. 1876; Jacks, in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew. , imp. 1, 1: 1039. 1893; H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Malay. Arch. 216 & 221. 1919; Bakh. in Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3: 65 & 71. 1921; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 67 & 93. 1942; Jacks, in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 2, 1: 1039. 1946; Mold., Known Geogr. Dis¬ trib. Verbenac., ed. 2, 149 & 186. 1949; Mold., Biol. Abstr. 33: 1215. 1959; Mold., Re'sume 199, 201, 204, & 456. 1959; Jacks, in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 3, 1: 1039. 1960; Hocking, Ex¬ cerpt. Bot. A. 5: 44. 1962; Whitmore, Guide For. Brit. Solom. Isis. 115, 116, 148, & 184. 1966; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 332, 336, & 339 (1971) and 2: 880. 1971; F. Muell., Descrip. Notes Papuan PI., imp. 2, 91 & 113. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 322, 327, 329, & 549. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 55: 334 & 493. 1984. A somewhat climbing shrub or tree, to 30 m. tall; trunk to 60 cm. in diameter at breast height; branchlets ferruginous-pubescent; leaves decussate-opposite; petioles about 2.5 cm. long, ferruginous- pubescent; leaf-blades ovate or elliptic to narrow-elliptic, 5.5 — 11 cm. long, 1.5--6 cm. wide, apically sharply acute or short-acuminate, marginally entire, basally acute or acuminate, glabrous and shiny a- bove, densely brown-lepidote with minute scales beneath; secondaries 4—6 pairs; inf lorescence terminal, paniculate, lax, pyramidal, the cymules ferruginous-pubescent; flower-buds yellow; calyx about 5 mm. long, externally lepidote, the rim shortly 5-toothed; corolla large, 1.8 cm. long, externally pubescent, the tube 3 times as long as the smaller lobes, the limb bilabiate, the upper lip 2-lobed, the lower lip 3-lobed with the central lobe longer than the others; stamens 4; filaments pilose; ovary 4-celled, 4-ovulate; f ruiting-calyx enlarged, to 8 mm. long; fruit drupaceous, about 1 cm. long, the pyrene 1 — 4- celled. Lam (1919) comments: "Its affinity is with G. LZA.ch.hoAcLUA. F. v. Muell. from tropicaL Australia. The latter species,, however, is a tree and differs from the present one in the [leaf] texture, and in the dimensions of calyx and corolla." The present species, however, is also described by collectors as growing to be a large tree. It would appear that the lepidote lower leaf-surface and calyx are its chief distinguishing characters. GmzZA.no. EzjpZdoto is based on TzA.j6ma.nn 6744 from Tow island. New Guinea, collected in August, 1871, and deposited in the Buitenzorg herbarium. Lam (1919) misspells the island name "Faw" . Whitmore 116 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 2 (1966) refers to the species as "a rare big tree" in disturbed low¬ land forests in the Solomon Islands west to New Guinea, but not on Santa Cruz island. He reports the vernacular name, "maladala". It has been encountered at up to 1000 m. altitude. Citations: MOLUCCA ISLANDS: Morotai: KoAtzmonA & AdZn 7276' (Bz — 72964); KciAtzumanA, Main, & Aden 1276 (Ng— 16920, Ng) , 1292 (Bz— 72874, N, Ng — 16933, Ng) . Ternate: Haan 287 [Boschbouwproef st . bb. 23789] (Bz — 21351). NEW GUINEAN ISLANDS: Tow: TZA.JAma.nn 6744 (Bz — 21273 — type, Ld — photo of type, N — isotype, N — photo of type) . GMELINA LEPWOTA var. LANCEOLATA Mold., Phytologia 6: 325 — 326. 1958 Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 6: 325 — 326. 1958; Mold., Biol. Abstr. 33: 1215. 1959; Mold., Re"sume 204 & 456. 1959; Hocking, Ex¬ cerpt. Bot. A. 5: 44. 1962; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 339 (1971) and 2: 880. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 329 & 549. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 55: 334. 1984. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in hav¬ ing its leaf-blades quite distinctly lanceolate and more elongate, 12 — 22.5 cm. long, 3 — 6 cm. wide, apically acuminate, and basally apruptly acute. The variety is based on MguA 1894 from deep volcanic soil in a rainforest, at 500 m. altitude, at Nantambu, Open Bay, New Britain, in the Bismark Archipelago, deposited in the herbarium of the De¬ partment of Forests at Lae, New Guinea. The collector describes the plant as a tree, 65 feet tall, the bole 45 feet high, buttressed to 2 feet, with a diameter of 2 feet at breast height, and a leafy crown. The outer bark is described as dark gray-brown, with closely spaced, irregular, longitudinal fissures, scaling off in 6.2 — 12.5 mm. plates, with some black pustular lenticels unevenly distributed, about 3 mm. thick. The under bark is light creamy-yellow, the inner bark creamy-yellow with light-brown dappling, about 9 mm. thick. The sapwood is indefinite, the wood light straw-color, with a greasy feel. The leaves are decussate-opposite, simple, dark-green above, apically tapering, and with prominent creamy-yellow venation above, dull gray-brown with stellate pubescence and prominent venation be¬ neath. The petioles are 2.5 — 3 cm. long. The peduncles are tetrag¬ onal in cross-section, and the inflorescence is both terminal and axillary in the uppermost leaf-axils, paniculate. The flowers are borne in sessile opposite cymules, subtended by herbaceous bract- lets. The corolla is mauve, bilabiate, about 13 mm. long, external¬ ly with dark-purple hairs. Citations: BISMARK ARCHIPELAGO: New Britain: MCUA 1894 (Ld — iso¬ type, Ng--6593 — type) . GMELINA LIGNUM- VITREUM Guillaum., Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, ser. 2, 23: 539—540. 1952. Synonymy: GmzZA.no. [sp.] ?, Guillaum., Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris ser. 2, 22: 118. 1950. Bibliography: Guillaum., Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, ser. 2,22: 118 (1950) and ser. 2, 23: 539—540. 1952; Sarlin, Cent. Techn. For. Trop. Publ . 6: [270]— 271, 285, 293, & 295, pi. 131. 1954; G. Taylor 1984 Moldenke, Notes on GmeJLirWi 117 Ind. Kew. Suppl. 12: 63. 1959; Mold., Phytologia 23: 425. 1972; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 331 & 549. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 55: 333. 1984. Illustrations: Sarlin, Cent. Techn. For. Trop. Publ. 6: [270], pi. 131. 1954. A small or medium-sized tree; trunk black, elongate, 12 — 15 m. long, narrow, crooked, smooth, with a diameter of 60 — 80 cm. , dimin¬ ishing at the rate of 1.6 cm. per m. , basally buttressed, eventually fissured, the fissures elongate, narrow, moderate in depth; bark 10 — 12 mm. thick, even, blackish, the outer portion 3 mm. thick, very firm, dark-colored, the inner portion spongy, friable, 7 — 8 mm. thick, gray; sapwood white, veined with rose; heartwood salmon- color, very brittle, odorless; branches short, rather crooked, leafy, at first minutely lanuginous, finally glabrous, with black bark; branchlets smooth, dark except for the white leaf-scars and lenti- cels; leaves decussate-opposite, simple, deciduous in December and January; petioles 2 — 3 cm. long; leaf-blades membranous, narrowly elliptic or ovate-lanceolate, 10 — 13 cm. long, 4 — 7 cm. wide, api- cally usually acutely attenuate or acute to obtuse, marginally en¬ tire, basally cuneately acute or acuminate to rounded, at first minutely lanuginous and glandular on both surfaces, finally glab¬ rous, the venation delicate and distinctly prominent on the lower surface, less so above; inflorescence terminal, spicately panicu¬ late, about 7 cm. long, in the live state malvaceous-silvery, when dried rufous-lanate or pubescent; bracts very narrowly lanceolate or linear; calyx campanulate, externally lanuginous, internally glabrous, the rim more or less irregularly 5-undulate or 5-dentate with small, irregular, apically acute teeth; corolla- tube external¬ ly lanuginous or velutinous, internally glabrous, the lobes somewhat unequal, oblique, rounded, in bud 5 mm. long and lanuginous or vel¬ utinous on both surfaces; fertile stamens 4; anthers 2-locular, the thecae apically united; staminode 1; style short; fruit fleshy, ovoid, 4 cm. long, 3 cm. wide, plum-color, externally glabrous, the pyrene thick, conic, basally with numerous unequal points. This species is based on Sd^JLin 81, 737 in part, & 140 from the forest at Thy, New Caledonia, probably deposited in the Paris her¬ barium. Guillaumin (1952) comments that it is "Bien different des le premier aspect du G. ne.0 caZtd.0 nicd s. Moore, notamment par ses feuilles minces, ovales-lanceolees, glabres a l'etat adulte". I know nothing of this apparently endemic New Caledonian species beyond what is said of it in the literature. Guillaumin (1954) says of it "Le bois a une odeur de futaille & l'etat vert. Devient jaune clair en sechant, homogene, sans accroissements visibles" and this is followed by more details of the wood anatomy. He con¬ cludes: "Bois: Blanc brillant "h peine jaunatre. Bon bois, inutilis- ableable en raison de sa rarete." He records the local vernacular name, "bois de verre", and comments that the deciduous nature of the species is exceptional in the New Caledonian forest flora. He re¬ ports that the tree flowers and fruits in December. In his 1950 work he cites SaALin 81 & 141 from "Foret de Thy". Citations: MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Guillaum. in Sarlin, Cent. 118 PHYTOLOGIA Vol . 56, No. 2 Techn. For. Trop. Publ. 6: pi. 121. 1954 (Ld) . GMELINA M1S00LENS1S Mold., Phytologia 4: 54. 1952. Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 4: 54. 1952; Mold., Resume 203 & 456. 1959; G. Taylor, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 12: 63. 1959; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 338 (1971) and 2: 880. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 328 & 549. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 55: 335. 1984. A tree, to 12 m. tall; trunk to 12 cm. in diameter at breast height; branches and branchlets rather stout, glabrate, often white- or gray-flecked; principal internodes 1 — 7 cm. long; nodes not annu¬ late; leaves decussate-opposite; petioles rather slender, 1.5 — 2.5 cm. long, nigrescent in drying, glabrous, flattened above; leaf- blades coriaceous, bright-green and very shiny on both surfaces, el¬ liptic, 5.5--12 cm. long, 3 — 6 cm. wide, apically rounded or obtuse, marginally entire, often somewhat revolute in drying, basally acumin¬ ate, very smooth on both surfaces; midrib rather coarse, flat above, very prominent beneath; secondaries very slender, 4--6 per side, arcuate-ascending, anastomosing in many loops several mm. from the margins beneath, flat above, prominulous beneath; veinlet reticula¬ tion sparse, flat above, very slightly subprominulous beneath on the larger parts only; inflorescence racemose-paniculate, terminating short axillary twigs, 9 — 18 cm. long, 2 — 3 cm. wide, brunnescent or nigrescent throughout in drying; peduncles slender, 2--3.5 cm. long, glabrous; rachis similar to the peduncles, greatly elongated, com¬ posed of 5 — 10 sympodia, strict, glabrous; pedicels very slender, about 2 mm. long, glabrous; flowers not seen; f ruiting-calyx campan- ulate, about 3 mm. long and 5 mm. wide, nigrescent, glabrous on both surfaces, truncate, split to the base into 2 subequal, truncate, quadrate lobes when mature; fruit drupaceous, obovate, green when young, red when ripe, about 12 mm. long and 6 mm. wide (when imma¬ ture) . The type of this very distinct species was collected by Didit Rudolf Pleyte (no. 1087) at Fakal, on Misool island in the Radja Ampat group of islands, near New Guinea, on September 30, 1948, and is deposited in the Herbarium Bogoriense at Buitenzorg. The species is thus far known to me only from the original collection. The ver¬ nacular name, "batan me", has been reported for it. Citations: NEW GUINEAN ISLANDS: Misool: Vlnyte, 1087 (Bz — 72872 — type, Bz — 72871 — isotype, Ld — photo of type, N — isotype, N — photo of type) . GMELJNA MOLUCC ANA (Blume) Backer ex K. Heyne, Nutt. Pi. Ned. Ind. 4: 118. 1917. Synonymy: T-Cttiu.6 Rumpf, Herb. Amboin. 3: 38, pi. 20. 1743. T-UttyLLi 6 oULba. Rumpf, Herb. Amboin. 3: 38. 1743. T/tX&C IL6 Kuh^UX. Rumpf, Herb. Amboin. 3: 38, pi. 20. 1743. \JltZX moluccam Blume, Bijdr. FI. Ned. ind. 14: 813 — 814. 1826. GmelA.no. ma.cn.ophyWx. Wall., Numer. List 49 [=50], no. 1819 hyponym. 1829; Schau. in A. DC., Prodr. 11: 680. 1847 [not G, mOLCAOphyllo. (R. Br.) Benth., 1870]. Gmellna. g-ta.ndul.06a, H. Hallier, Meded. Rijks Herb. Leid. 37: 57. 1918. Gmellna mo-tuccana Miq. ex H. Hallier, Meded. Rijks Herb. Leid. 37: 1984 Moldenke, Notes on GmeJJnO 119 57 in syn. 1918. GmeJJnO mo&uccana Backer apud A. H. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 7: 104. 1929. GmeJLinO. 6aZomonenAJl> Bakh., Journ. Arnold Arb. 16: 72 — 73. 1935. GmeJJ.no. 60tomonen6-ii Bakh. ex Mold., Reisum^ Suppl. 3: 32 in syn. 1962. GmeJJnO 6oZomenA4.6 Bakh., in herb. Geuniia molucca.no. Lam, in herb. Bibliography: Rumpf, Herb. Amboin. 3: 38, pi. 20. 1743; Poir. in Lam., Encycl. Meth. Bot. 5: 163. 1804; Blume, Bijdr. FI. Ned. Ind. 14 813—814. 1826; wall., Numer. List 49 [=50], no. 1819. 1829; D. Dietr., Syn. PI. 3: 611. 1843; Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calcut. 470. 1845; Schau. in A. DC., Prodr. 11: 680 & 695. 1847; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candol. 3: 200 & 502. 1858; Miq., FI. Ned. Ind. 2: 865 & 867. 1868; Jacks, in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 1:1040 (1893) and imp. 1, 2: 1214. 1895; Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 1, 4 (3a): 173. 1895; H. Hallier, Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst. 22 (3): 31 — 46. 1905; K. Heyne, Nutt. PI. Ned. Ind., ed. 1, 4: 118. 1917; E. D. Merr. , Interpret. Rumph. Herb. Amboin. 452 & 594. 1917; H. Hallier, Meded. Rijks Herb. Leid. 37: 56 — 67. 1918; H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Malay. Arch. 216, 220, 225 — 226, & 366. 1919; Bakh. in Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3: 65 & 67 — 68. 1921; Fedde, Justs Bot. Jahresber. 45 (1): 525. 1923; Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 45 (1): 148. 1923; H. J. Lam in Lauterb. , Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 59: 93. 1924; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 6: 92. 1926; K. Heyne, Nutt. PI. Ned. Ind., ed. 2, 1: 24 (1927), ed. 2, 2: 1321 (1927), and ed. 2, 3: 1646. 1927; Bakh., Journ. Arnold Arb. 10: 71. 1929; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 7: 104. 1929; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 6: 479. 1931; Bakh., Journ. Arnold Arb. 16: 72—73. 1935; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 9: 125. 1938; Mold., Suppl. List Comm. Vern. Names 22. 1940; Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names 25. 1942; Mold., Phytologia 2: 104. 1945; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 64, 67, 68, & 93. 1942; Jacks, in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 2, 1: 1040 (1946) and imp. 2, 2: 1214. 1946; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 2, 144, 148, 150, & 186. 1949; C. T. White, Journ. Arnold Arb. 31: 113. 1950; Mold., Phytologia 4: 178. 1953; Bakh. & Van Steenis, Taxon 5: 81. 1956; Mold., Re'sume 190, 197, 199, 201, 204, 296, 297, 354, 386, & 456. 1959; Jacks, in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 3, 1: 1040 (1960) and imp. 3, 2: 1214. 1960; Mold., Resume Suppl. 3: 32. 1962; Whitmore, Guide For. Brit. Solom. Isis. 115, 116, 135, & 184. 1966; Whitmore, Gard. Bull. Singapore 22: [17] — 21. 1967; Uphof, Diet. Econ. PI., ed. 2, 246. 1968; Anon., Bi¬ ol. Abstr. 50 (12): B.A.S.I.C. S. 84. 1969; Mold., Biol. Abstr. 50: 6338. 1969; Mold., Phytologia 18: 71. 1969; Mold., Resume Suppl. 18: 12. 1969; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 51 (17): B.A.S.I.C. S.89. 1970; Hock¬ ing, Excerpt. Bot. A. 15: 422. 1970; Mold., Biol. Abstr. 51: 9630. 1970; Mold., Phytologia 19: 439. 1970; Mold., Excerpt. Bot. A. 18: 445. 1971; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 325, 330, 332, 336, 339, & 340 (1971) and 2: 523, 524, 643, 722, 880, & 970. 1971; Versteegh, Meded. Landbouwhogesch. Wagen. 71-19: 15, 37, & 38. 1971; Foreman, Div. Bot. Dept. For. N. Guin. Bot. Bull. 5: 63, 126, & [127]. 1972; Rouleau, Taxon Ind. 1: 382. 1972; Anon., Gov. For. Exp. Sta. Meguro Tokyo 254: 60, 61, 64, & 66, fig. 2 & 3. 1973; Hartley, Dunstone, Fitzg., Johns, & Lamberton, Lloydia 36: 293. 1973; Farnsworth, Pharmacog. Titles 9 (1): xii. 1974; Mold., Phytologia 28: 448 (1974) and 31: 120 PHYTOLOGIA Vol . 56, No. 2 391. 1975; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 315, 320, 322, 327, 329, 330, 354, 445, & 549. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 55: 330, 334, 335, & 493 (1984) and 56: 35, 38, & 39. 1984. Illustrations: Rumpf, Herb. Amboin. 3: pi. 20. 1743; Foreman, Div. Bot. Dept. For. N. Guin. Bot. Bull. 5: [127]. 1972; Anon., Gov. For. Exp. Sta. Meguro Tokyo 254: 64 & 66, fig. 243. 1973. A large, erect, leafy, many-branched, canopy tree, often to 40 m. tall; trunk often buttressed, straight or crooked, the bole cylin- dric, to 20 m. long and 1 m. in diameter above the buttresses and 1.5 — 2 m. in girth, often 62 cm. in diameter at 1.5 m. above the base, 41 cm. at 2 m. , and 25 cm. at the first branch, sometimes 10 — 18 m. to_ the first branch; buttresses, when present, variable, thick and rounded, sometimes slight or even not prominent but ascending 1.5 — 3 m. up the trunk and sometimes 50 cm. wide, frequently con¬ cave; crown usually dense, sometimes medium-dense or sparse; outer bark dark- or pale-brown to gray-brown, gray, or light yellowish- gray, sometimes brown- or greenish-brown-banded or -blotched, soft, smooth, shallow, 1--3 mm. thick, rather corky, deeply or shallowly and finely longitudinally fissured or fluted (the depressions wide¬ spaced, about 9 mm. wide and pustular-lenticellate ) , often exfolia¬ ting in small, irregular, thick, pustular flakes; under bark light- straw; inner bark creamy-green or very light- to medium-brown, orange-brown, pale-straw, dirty-white, or pinkish-white, sometimes white-banded, rapidly turning red or orange-red to reddish-brown or brown on exposure, about 1 cm. thick, with an unpleasant odor; outer wood or sapwood white, cream, or straw-color to light- or pale- brown with a pink tinge, light, weak, very soft in cross-cut, with a very unpleasant or sour odor, 3 — 7 cm. thick or often not clearly defined, the exudate slight and odorless; heartwood very light- brown or brownish, often rotted; slash hard, white; blaze a thin brown line or white with occasional brown flecks, turning to orange in a minute on exposure; branchlets (about 7 mm.) thick, obscurely tetragonal, sparsely lenticellate with scattered, lighter, often green, elliptic lenticels which are raised beneath, the younger parts densely appressed ferruginous- or ochraceous-pubescent or rufous- tomentose, in age glabrescent, grayish, and terete, shiny; leaves decussate-opposite, large, simple, petiolate, held horizontally, usually clustered at the ends of the branches, often attacked by insects, at times shed from the crown; petioles stout, subterete, 1.5 — 10 cm. long, 2 — 5 mm. wide, slightly sulcate or canaliculate a- bove, densely ferruginous-puberulent or brown-pubescent with simple hairs in the sulcation and apically when young, later glabrescent; leaf-blades large, coriaceous when mature, oval or ovate to broadly ovate or ovoid, sometimes oblong-elliptic, obovate-subrotund, or obovate, 10--40 cm. long, 7 — 35 cm. wide, apically very shortly acuminate to blunt or obtuse, marginally entire or lightly and irreg¬ ularly sinuate, basally subacute or obtuse to rounded or subcordate, dull or glossy dark-green above, paler and light- or gray-green be¬ neath, densely pilose or finely villous when young but finally glabrous (except for the ferruginous-puberulent larger venation) above, softly brown-villous or ferruginous-puberulent to rufous- 1984 Moldenke, Notes on GmeJLLna. 121 tomentose beneath (except for the glabrous larger venation) , with 2 rather large concave glands at the base beneath, often rugose or bullate above, sometimes [f. g&a.nduJt06a. (H. Hallier) Mold.] also with many large, dark, discoid glands above and similar but smaller ones along the larger venation beneath; secondaries pinnate, 8--18 per side, impressed above, prominulently raised beneath; veinlets clathrate-reticulate, prominulent beneath; inflorescence racemose, mostly terminal, sometimes also axillary, the terminal ones large, 15--30 cm. long and 10--25 cm. wide, pyramidal- paniculate, peduncu¬ late, very densely appressed ferruginous short-villous, loosely or densely many-flowered, bracteolate, basally foliose, the branches dichotomous and each terminating in a cincinnus or the lower ones paniculate; peduncles 10--15 cm. long, densely brown-tomentose ; rachis usually densely dark brown-hairy; flower-buds greenish-brown; cymules rather many-flowered, borne in the axils of deciduous foli¬ ose bracts; bractlets small, linear or lanceolate-oblong, 5 — 10 mm. long, 2 — 3 mm. wide, apically and basally acute or acuminate, tomen¬ tose on both surfaces; flowers rather large or medium in size, sub- sessile, drooping; calyx cyathiform or cupuliform, about 5 mm. long, 3 — 7 mm. wide, externally densely ferruginous-villous with long, brown, silky or appressed, ferruginous hairs (except on the rim) or rugous-tomentellous, internally sparsely pubescent or subglabrous, subbilobed, the rim unequally, obtusely and very shortly 5-dentate or subtruncate, with 2--4 black, orbicular or discoid glands of varying size (but mostly small) on the outer surface, resinous- punctate on both surfaces, scarcely enlarged in fruit; corolla showy, white or whitish to purplish-pink, pale-mauve, pale-blue, pale- violet, or purple, often with a yellow throat, sometimes white with a purple lower lip, nigrescent in drying, 2.5 — 2.6 cm. long, about 2 cm. wide, bilabiate or subbilabiate, externally densely ferrugin- ous-strigulose or with long, brown, silky hair, the tube 1.5--2 cm. long, narrowed for the lower 1/3 — 4 of its length, apically ampli- ate and ventricose, mostly 2 — 2S times as long as the calyx, exter¬ nally (except for the lower part) densely pubescent, the lower part glabrescent, the limb unequally 5-lobed, densely farinose-pubescent, copiously resinous-punctate on both surfaces, the upper lip 2-lobed, the lobes broadly ovate, apically obtusely rounded, the lower lip 3-lobed, the 2 lateral lobes similar to the upper ones, 5 — 10 mm. long and 4 — 5 mm. wide, the middle lobe larger, 7--10 mm. long and 3.5 — 5.8 mm. wide, often with a basal deep-mauve patch; stamens 4, didynamous, slightly or scarcely exserted, 1 — 1.5 cm. long, green in bud; mature filaments pale-lilac, terete, sparsely short-pilose with glanduliferous hairs; anthers subsagittate or unguliform, orange, dorsifixed above the center, 2.5 — 3 mm. long, introrse, 2- celled, glabrous; style filiform, terete, 2.5 — 3 cm. long, slightly exserted, sparsely glandular-pilose, apically incurved; stigma un¬ equally bifid, the posterior branch very short, the anterior one subulate; ovary sessile, ovate-oblong, basally externally glabrous, apically densely pubescent, 4-loculate, the cells 1-ovulate; fruit- ing-calyx persistent, somewhat accrescent, shortly excrescent, almost flat or marginally reflexed, 5 — 7 mm. wide, 5-angulate; fruit drupa¬ ceous, rather large, oblong or subobovate to ovoid, ovoid-globose, or 122 PHYTOLOGIA Vol . 56, No. 2 round, 2.5 — 3 cm. long, 1.2 — 2 cm. wide (when dry), at first green or light-green with purple dots to greenish-red or red, maturing very dark-blue, purple, purplish-black, or black, shiny, apically depressed, at first externally farinose, finally glabrous, the nut¬ like endocarp obovate, thickly wcody, apically flattened and cen¬ trally umbonate, marginally 5-torous, by abortion 1-celled and 1- seeded. Collectors have encountered this plant in primary forests and light woods, coastal and low-ridge rainforests, in well-drained secondary forests on flat plains, in forests on sandy loam soil, in orange-brown clay of general lowland rainforests, and even in grass¬ lands, at altitudes of sealevel to 1200 m. , in flower from March to June, as well as in August and November, and in fruit in March, from May to July, and from September to December. Brass & Versteegh re¬ port it "rare on slopes in primary forests". Main & Aden found it "scattered along rivers"; Whitmore refers to it as a "common big tree" in the Solomon Islands, where Brass also reports it as "a com¬ mon tall tree, attaining a large size". The corollas are described as "purple" on CZe/nen6 32/9, "pale- violet, yellow in the throat" on Stone. & StKettmann 10336, "pale- blue" by Womersley & Van Royen, "blue with pink tip, a yellow patch inside of lower lip" on IKoJLn 1854, "pale-mauve" on (OaZkeK 169, "purplish-pink" on (JJtakabu & aJL. 13341 , "purplish-white with a yel¬ low stripe on inner side of lip" on Ku.6w)aKta & Soepadmo 103, "light- violet" on Ko6tu B.W.1804, "violet-purple, the longest lobe deep- mauve with a yellow patch" on Sa.ye.K6 NGF. 11641, "white" on BKOUlCeK 2522 and BiMaZda 606, "white, the lip purple and throat yellow" on FoKeman & Kattk LAE. 59277 , "brown" on M coin l Aden 941, and "light- brown on Sch.Ka.rn BW.1814. GmeJLLna motuccana is native to the Molucca Islands, New Guinea, New Britain, and the Solomon Islands. Its wood is used for light construction, boat decking, planking, furniture, turnery, joinery, and moldings. Evans refers to the species as "a valuable timber tree" in New Guinea, used there by the natives in canoe-making. Up- hof (1968) refers to the wood as "very suitable for native vessels" and gives the tree's overall distribution as Malaya and Indonesia, especially Celebes. Hartley & al. (1973) refer to it as a "Medium to large tree in disturbed lowland and foothills rain forests", citing no6. 10461, 10915, & 1 1024. Foreman (1972) cites Kajeu>6kt 2228 -- his publication is date "1971" on the titlepage, but did not actually get published until 1972. Schram refers to GmeZtna moluccana as "rather common" in West Irian, while Idjan & Moohtar found it to be "rare" there. Bakhuizen (1935) cites BK066 2860 from San Cristoval island. Various authors (e . g . Adanson, 1763) place TttttuA Rumpf as a synonym of the genus GmeZstna as a whole, while others (e. g. Merrill, 1917) place it only in the synonymy of G. motuccana. In his 1917 work Merrill says of G. moZuccana: "This very characteristic species is known only from Amboina and Banka, the specimens cited above [C. B. RobZnAOn 2961 agreeing perfectly with Rumphius ' figure and de¬ scription and with a series of specimens collected in Amboina by Botter, Heyne, Tey6mann 5031 and Binnendyck and with Tey6mann 5158 1984 Moldenke, Notes on GmzJLLna 123 from Banda. Poiret, in Lamarck Encycl, 5 (1804) 163, suggested that t. 20 [of Rumpf's work] might be CZeAodendnon Zn^o ntarwXum Linn., but erroneously cites the description of Tttttui ZtioneWL. It has nothing in common with that species. The plate is l UXtX mo£u.CCCLyWL, but the description cited [i.e. the description of T. ZZXonca] is a CZcnodcndnon [now, however, regarded as, instead, applying to Gu.eXtan.da ipcctoia L. in the Rubtaceae] . Blume cites the Rumphius plant in the original description of his ( UXCX moZuCCayWL, in which he has been followed by later authors. It seems very probable that the two forms indicated by Rumphius as TZXtcuA aJLba and TtttiuA nubna are merely slight variants of the same species." Bakhuizen (1921) cites TeXjimann 1859 & 5 031 from Amboina, TeXjb- mann 5158 from Banda, and Hcync 194 from Ceram. Fedde & Schuster (1923) erroneously cite TeXjimann 5158 from Amboina. Lam (1924) cites ScklcchXcn 16441 from Northeastern New Guinea, giving the overall distribution of the species as Amboina, the Moluccas, and New Guinea. Voigt (1845) records it as cultivated in the vicinity of Calcutta. Foreman (1972) states that the tree sometimes has a similar appear¬ ance to Antkoce.pkaZu& , while the fruit is superficially like that of Elae.0Canpu6 ApkacnZcuA "but it is somewhat rougher in appearance". Several authors refer to the fruit as "baccate" or "berry-like", but it is actually and very plainly a drupe. Some collectors refer to its possessing "spur-roots to 2*5 feet long." Hallier (1917) has pointed out that "Bei logischer Anwendung des Prioritatsgrundsatzes auf vollst3ndige Artnamen, nicht auf unselb- stSndige spezifische Attribute, gebdhrt der Gm. macKOpkyZta Wall, ed, Schauer 1847 vor Gm. maCKOpkyZZa Benth. 1870 der Vorzug. Letztere muss hiernach den Namen Gm. VaZnympZeana (F. v. Muell. 1864-4) m. erhalten." For his G. gZandutoia he cites as synonym TtttiuX aZba Rumpf and "OttCX moZuccana (haub. Bl.!) Miq. l.c. (1856) p. 865 quoad specim. Reinw. ! tantum. " He bases the species on ReXm)andt 1362 from Ay island and VeOnteXC 6.n. from Neira, both of these islands being in the Banda group of the Molucca Islands, the former collec¬ ted in June, 1821, and the latter in May, 1859. GmeXXna 6aZomoncn&Z4 is based on Bna66 3309, collected at Tira- tona, at 600 m. altitude, on Ysabel island in the Solomons, on Decem¬ ber 8, 1932. Bakhuizen (1935) avers that "This plant is intermedi¬ ate between G. moZuccana (Bl.) Backer and G. macKopkyZJta (R. Br.) Benth. and may be a hybrid between these species. From G. moZuccana it differs in the tomentose under side of the leaves and the villous calyx; from G. macnophyZZa in the terete branches, the elevated nerves and veins on the upper side of the leaves, somewhat in the form of [the] panicles, but especially in the small and regular 5- toothed calyx. " Blume' s original (1826) description of V-iXex moZuccayWL is: "V. foliis simplicibus subrotundo-ovatis aut ovalibus acutiusculis sub- integerrimis coriaceis infra puberulis basique glandulosis, panicula terminali divaricatis . " Heyne (1917) has described the wood of this species and also dis¬ cussed the "white" and "red" forms described by Rumpf, giving their characteristics as "de witte is voor vaartuigen meer geschikt dan de 124 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 2 roode, daar het hout wel water opzuigt, doch spoedig meer droog wordt. Dat van den anderen vorm is rooder; ook dat zwelt op in het water, maar scheurt bij het drogen. De roode wordt daarom het minst aangeplant." Wood specimens to illustrate these features are de¬ posited in the Buitenzorg museum. Common and vernacular names recorded for this species are "arakoko", "arokoko", "caju titti", "daun titti", "gow", "hai", "kajoe titi", "kajoe titi mera" , "kajoe titipeiti", "kajuh tittie", "kaju titi", "kaju titie", "kaju tittie", "koko", "omormi", "ossogee", "tietie", "tietieje", "titi", "titie", "titipoeti", "titti", "toehoe", and "toeroe" . Schauer (1847) cites only OJaJLZZcl l 1819 in the DeCandolle Herbar¬ ium at Geneva, an admittedly "incomplete" specimen from material col¬ lected in the Calcutta Botanical Garden, originally from Amboina, the type collection of G. ma.CH.opkyZJZa. Wall. White (1950) cites as G. i>aZomon.CVU>ti> from the Solomon Islands WaZkcH. B.S.l .P. 257 and OlaZkCH. & WhxXc B.S.l .P. 59 & 7 69 and comments that number 59 is a good match for the type gathering but no . 1 69 & 257 differ in the adult leaves being glabrous or the young and half- grown leaves having a slight pubescence on the midrib and main lat¬ eral nerves on the lower surface. "The species is very close to G. moZuCCO.no (Bl.) Backer. Bakhuizen . suggests it may be a hybrid between that species and G. maCH.oph.QZZo (R. Br.) Benth. The glabrous character of the New Georgia and San Cristobal specimens (n0i>. 169 & 257 ) suggest an approach to this latter species." I regard these collections as representing G. moZu.CCa.na. f- Qta.bH.Ci> CCnii (Mold.) Mold. Whitmore (1967) , in his detailed discussion of G. motuccana, says that "There is a common GmcLinO found throughout the Solomons. It is a big tree of disturbed lowland-forest and is well known locally as it is the best canoe timber in the archipelago. We have made many collections of this species. There are two fairly distinct varieties which have different ranges. Thus: (1) Leaves densely velvety below, rather thick in texture; inflorescence axes, stems and petioles densely fulvous tomentose all over; fruit sometimes cylindrical; central and eastern Solomons. Collections seen (all BSIP series un¬ less indicated) : Santa Ysabel 2487 , 4072, 2301 BH.a.66 3309. Guadal¬ canal 59*, 649. Malaita 3501 . San Cristobal 4255; BH.ai>i> 2860*. (2) Leaves glabrous below except for a few hairs on veins, rather thin in texture; inflorescence axes, stems and petioles partly gla¬ brous partly fulvous tomentose but thinly so; fruit always conical; western Solomons (except 257) • Collections seen (all BSIP series) : San Cristobal 257*. Shortlands Fauro 3949, 5708. New Georgia* Is¬ lands: Baga 1870, 5573 Gizo 5 603 Kolombangara 819, 851. Rendova 1854 New Georgia 169*, 3709. The starred numbers are at BRIS and L; the others (i.e. the recent part of the BSIP series) at K, L, LAE, US, and SING. "The hairiness and texture of the leaves apparently does not de¬ pend on their maturity, all leaves on every collection are similar to one another. Nevertheless I prefer not to give these differences specific status as in their essential parts these taxa are the same. The hairy leaved eastern form is a good match for G. moZucca.no. (Bl.) Backer, abundantly represented at Leiden and Lae from New Britain, 1984 Moldenke, Notes on GmeJJ.no 125 all over New Guinea and the Moluccas . All the sheets seen have coriaceous leaves, most of them velvety hairy but a few glabrous or glabrescent below (e.g. NGF 185 4, 4580, 5870, 8213). There is none of the other form is [=in] Lae or Leiden. As with the Solomons' ma¬ terial there is no suggestion that texture or degree of hairines changes much on ageing. " G . 6oZomoncn8Z6 Bakh. was described on the basis of a single collection, B KO66 330 9, from Santa Ysabel, Tiratona. Bakhuizen stated that it is intermediate and possibly a hybrid between G. moZucca.no. and G. macAOpkyZJa (R. Br.) Benth., which is properly called G. doZn.ympZeM.no (F. Muell.) H. J. Lam . I have examined an isotype at Leiden which fits the hairy-leaved typical G. moZucca.no of the eastern Solomons, although the leaves are rather large, slight¬ ly thinner and less hairy than is usual. "White . annotating Walker's Solomons' collections also noted how close G. AaZomoncniZi is to G. moZuccono . On the other hand G. doZn.ympZe.ono in Moldenke ' s sense is a very distinct entity as I show below. It has not been found yet east of mainland New Guinea and none of the Solomons' collections come near to it, including, in my opinion, the type of G. ■&aZomone.niZ6 . In my opinion G. 6oZomonCn6Z6 must be considered synonymous with G. moZuccono , which occurs in the archipelago in its typical form in the eastern islands and in a glabrous form in the western islands. The glabrous form may be Mol¬ denke ' s G. 6oZomonCn!>Z6 forma gZobKC- iCCni . from Bougainville." Bakhuizen (1921) distinguishes G. moZucC6.no from other species of the genus known to him as follows: 1. Inflorescence axillary, 1 — few-flowered; calyx 1.5--2.5 cm. long, with large deltoid segments, densely villous within, la. Inflorescence terminal, paniculate, many-flowered; calyx 0.5 — 1 cm. long, shortly toothed to subtruncate, glabrous or with some hairs within. 2. Ovary densely hairy, especially toward the top; flowers with a shade of purple in the center, sometimes bright yellow or bright blue. 3. Leaves more or less densely pubescent beneath; calyx 0.5 — 1 cm. long, with some long hairs within . G. moZuccono. 3a. Leaves glabrous beneath or scarcely pubescent on the veins only; calyx 3 — 5 mm. long, glabrous within. G. mocn.0ph.yZJo, [=G. daZn.ympZeM.no) ■ 2a. Ovary glabrous or nearly so; flowers yellow. 4. Trees; inflorescence terminal, erect; leaves large. 5. Calyx glabrous; filaments distinctly hairy. . -G. paZawcn&ZA . 5a. Calyx densely pubescent; filaments glabrous or with some glanduliferous hairs. 6. Leaves oblong or subobovate, basally truncate or subcune- ate, apically short-acuminate, glabrous or somewhat pubescent on the veins beneath . G. on.bon.CO, 6a. Leaves broadly ovate, basally cordate, apically abrupt¬ ly acuminate, densely hairy beneath . G. ot>ZoXZca. 4a. Climbing shrubs; inflorescence subpendulous ; leaves small. 7. Corolla large, 4-lobed, apically ventricose, 4 — 9 times as long as the calyx . G. o&ZaJJco. 126 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 2 7a. Corolla small, 5-lobed, less than 4 times as long as the calyx . G. le.pid.ota.. It should, of course, be noted that G. aKbofiea and G. a6iatica< are not regarded in this key in the same sense as in the present work. Material of G. moZueeana has been misidentif ied and distributed in some herbaria as Guettaada 6pecio6a L. , F aaadaya 6pZendida F. Muell . , V oZka.me.ni.CL obovata Roxb., and CZen.odendn.um obovatum waip. Citations: GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Java: Reinwandt 379 (S) . LESSER SUNDA ISLANDS: Timor: Tkenik 23 [Boschproef st . bb.7217] (Bz— 21349, Bz— 21350). MOLUCCA ISLANDS: Amboina: Binnendyk 6.n. (Bz--21281, Bz— 21282) ; Batten 6.n. (Bz— 21285, Bz— 21286, Bz— 21287, Bz— 21288, Ut— 63385); Heyne6.n. (Bz— 72824, Bz— 72825); C. B. R obin60n 296 (Bz— 72823, N, W— 654614); TeA.j6ma.nn 18 59 (Bz— 21280, Bz— 21283), 5031 (Bz — 21284). Banda: VeBeJLZ 32 [Boschproef st . bb. 13437] (Bz — 21289, Bz— 21290, N) ; Teijimann 5158 (Bz— 21291, Ut— 44155). Buru: 0e.fl6ipu.ny 193 [Boschproefst. bb24455] (Bz — 21294, N) . Ceram: BuWClZ- da 606 [Boschproefst. bb. 25951] (Bz— 21292, Bz — 21293) ; KuAuiatz i Soepadmo 103 (N) . Halmahera: 8 eguin 1746 (Bz — 21298, Bz— 21299, Bz— 21300, N, Ut — 70965) . Morotai: K.06tefimCLn6 & Aden 941 (Bz— 72963) ; Main & Aden 941 (Ng — 16855); TangkiZi6an 257 [Boschproefst. bb. 33927] (Bz — 72584). Tanimbar: BuWaZda 212 [Boschproefst. bb. 24431] (Bz — 21352). Ternate: Beguin 1408 (Bz— 21296, Bz — 21297). Tobelo: Haan 384 [Boschproefst. bb. 24572] (Bz — 21295). NEW GUINEA: Papua: CZemen6 i Clemen6 3219 (A, b) ; A. J. Hant 5036 (Ng— 16868, Ng) ; J ack6on & McDonaZd 4580 (Ng — 16939); M atatuZa 11 [Boschproefst. bb. 21807] (Bz — 21353); ttiakabu K clZ. LAE. 73347 (w— 2936453) ; WomewZey & Van Royen 5870 (Ng — 16918, Ng) . Territory of New Guinea: Evan6 74 (Ng— 16946) ; E. Gaay 5217 (Ng — 16947, Ng) ; Sayen6 NGF.21642 (Mi, n) ; Vickefiy NGF.1428 (Ng — 6597, Ng — 16895). West Irian: Bfia66 & VeUteegk 13580 (A); Bfiouwefi BW. 2522 (Ng — 16909); Idjan & Mooktan. 321 (Ng — 16866); Ko6te>L BW.1104 (Ng — 20201); Ko6teJvmaw6 61 [Boschproefst. bb. 33304] (Bz— 73015), 442 [Boschproefst. bb. 33600] (Bz— 72809, Bz— 72810) ; Sckfiam B0J.1 814 (Ng — 20219), BVJ. 2730 (Ng— 20214) . BISMARK ARCHIPEL¬ AGO: Manus: Foreman & Kotik LAE. 59277 (Mu),- Stone & Stfieimann 10336 [LAE. 53836] (Mu, W--2917579) . New Britain: FZoyd 6637 (Bi, Ng — 16915, W— 2603275) ; MojLk 1854 (Ng— 6593) ; N.G.F.141 (Ng— 6592). SOLOMON ISLANDS: New Georgia: Ma'eniL'u 6.n. [Herb. Brit. Sol. Isis. Prot. 6463] (W — 2578862) . San Cristoval: BfLCL66 2860 (Bi, Bz— 21303, Bz — 21304). Ysabel: Beefl* 6 CoZZectOfl 6.n. [Herb. Brit. Sol. Isis. Prot. 7078] (W— 2578234) ; B>ia66 3309 (Bi, Bz— 21334, Bz— 21335, Ld — photo, N, N — photo). LOCALITY OF COLLECTION UNDETERMINED: Hefib. Hofit. B at. Bogoa 21301 (Bz) , 21302 (Bz) ; Roxburgh. 2632 (Br) . MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS : Foreman, Div. -Bot. Dept. For.. N. Guin. Bot. Bull. 5: [127]. 1972 (Ld) ; Merr., Interpret. Rumph. Herb. Amboin. 452. 1917 (W) . GMEL INA MOLUCCANA var, ELLJPTJCA (Mold.) Mold., Phytologia 19: 439. 1970; Mold., Phytologia 55: 334. 1984. Synonymy: GmeZina 6aZomonen6i6 var. eZZiptica Mold., Phytologia 18: 71. 1969. [to be continued] BOOK REVIEWS Alma L. Moldenke "PHYTOLOGIA MEMOIRS" published by Harold N. Moldenke & Alma L. Moldenke, 303 Parkside Road, Plainfield, New Jersey 07060, U.S.A., is an international scientific series to facilitate the publication of more extensive botanical and phytoecological papers from camera-ready copy on 8*5 x 11 in. paper. The author may include any desired illustrations (halftones cost extra) , chooses the number of copies to be printed, pays half the printer's price in advance and the balance upon publication, and handles the sale himself /herself of all copies beyond the standing orders which are handled by the Moldenkes. The author decides on the selling price. Publication is usually effected in a month. Volumes published to date are the following: VII - 1984 - "AN INTERNATIONAL CENSUS OF THE CON IFERAE. f, 79 pp. , compiled by John Silba, woody plants taxonomist at the Agricul¬ tural & Technical College, Farmingdale, New York. Available from the author, 198 West Hoffman Avenue, Lindenhurst, N. Y. 11757, for $6.50 (USA nonprofit institutions), $7.50 (USA individuals & dealers), $8.50 (foreign). The author has studied the Conj-fiC-tiCLe. in 8 internationally impor- tat herbaria. He accepts the 3 orders of the Florin system, the 7 families of DeLaubenfels and the 60 genera of DeLaubenfels and Silba for a total of 555 species. Each species is carefully accredited with source citations, common names and geographic distribution. Important synonymy is included. VI - 1983 - "A PRELIMINARY VERIFIED LIST OF PLANT COLLECTORS IN MEXICO", iv & 179 pp. , compiled by Irving William Knobloch, Professor Emeritus, Department of Botany, Michigan State Uni¬ versity, East Lansing, Michigan. Available from the author at 438 Tulip Tree, East Lansing, Michigan 48823, or from the Moldenkes, for $17.00 (USA nonprofit institutions), $16.50 (USA individuals), $17.50 (USA dealers), $18.50 (foreign). The author's intent "is to document the extent of collecting activity that has progressed in Mexico". The very first entry is for M. Abarca and the last is Miguel Zuniga. The bibliography contains over 1,600 titles. This work is a splendid supplement to the bibliographic work of I. Langman (1964). V - 1982 - "THE FLORA OF NEW ENGLAND" - Second Edition, xvii & 611 pp., ca. 400 b/w fig. & 1 map, by Frank Conklin Seymour, former president of the New England Botanical Club. Available from the Moldenkes or from the author, 264 Hixville Road, North Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02727, for $22 (USA nonprofit insti¬ tutions), $22.50 (USA individuals & dealers), $23/50 (foreign). This is a revised "manual for the identification of all vascular 127 128 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 2 plants including ferns and fern allies growing without cultivation in New England" with additions and corrections that are usually marked by asterisks in the text and written out in a 10-page addendum. IV - 1981 - "STUDIES IN THE BEG0N1ACEAE" , vi & 88 pp. , 277 b/w fig., 4 b/w photo. & 1 tab., by Andrey I. Baranov. Btgonta. afficio- nado. Available from the author, P. 0. Box 131, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, for $12.45 (USA nonprofit instututions) , $11.45 (USA individuals), $13.45 (foreign). "This work is a revised and updated version of the author's thesis submitted in 1973 at Northeastern University',1 Boston, under the direc¬ tion of Dr. Fred A. Barkley. It gives both a taxonomic history of the family and then new floral information with fine drawings. Ill - 1981 - "ANTILLEAN STUDIES I, FLORA OF HISPANIOLA Part I: Ctta.6t>iatt 6, Rk amnatt6, MaZvaZtA , Th.yrml.mtt6, Vtolalt6" , 218 pp. & 73 b/w fig. , by Alain Henri Liogier, taxonomist, Jardin Botan- ico, Universidad de Puerto Rico, G. P. O. Box 4984-G, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936, Available from the author for $15 (USA) , $15.75 (foreign). The author is long and well experienced in floral studies of these island areas and has had the good fortune to have studied in several of the herbaria with important collections from the region. The text is in easily readable Spanish. II - 1980 - "A SIXTH SUMMARY OF THE VERBENACEAE , AVICENN1ACEAE , ST1LBACEAE, CHLOANTHACEAE , SYMPHOREMACEAE , NYCTANTHACEAE , and ERJOCAULACEAE of the world as to valid taxa, geographic distri¬ bution AND SYNONYMY", 629 pp. , compiled by Harold N. Moldenke, retired professor & honorary curator of the New York Botanical Garden, New York. Available from the author, 303 Parkside Road, Plainfield, New Jersey 07060, for $27 (USA), $28.50 (foreign). This work embraces the results of 50 years field and herbarium study, the latter involving examination of over 246,000 specimens in 320 private and institutional herbaria. I - 1980 - "A CHECK LIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF NICARAGUA — Based Largely on Collections in Nicaragua Made by the Author and Companions 1968 — 1976", x & 314 pp. , edited by Frank Conklin Seymour, research associate, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis. Available from the author, 264 Hixville Road, North Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747, for $16.60 (USA nonprofit in¬ stitutions), $17.35 (USA individuals & dealers), $17.65 (for¬ eign) . About 30,000 specimens were collected and a large proportion was identified by named specialists. Synonymy is frequently included and the herbarium location of cited specimens is given. PHYTOLOGIA An international journal to expedite botanical and phytoecological publication Vol. 56 September 1984 No. 3 CONTENTS HENRY. R. D., & SCOTT, A. R., Checklist of the vascular plants of Waits Woods, Hancock County, Illinois . 129 LUNDELL. C. L., Mesoamerican Celastraceae — II . 137 ^ LUNDELL, C. L., Neotropical Myrsinaceae — XIII . 141 MOLDENKE, H. N., Notes on new and noteworthy plants. CLXXVII . . . 144 ' GRYGIEL, C. E., BONHAM. C. D., & REDENTE. E. F., Combined effects of environmental and agronomic factors on the invasion patterns of Sphaeralcea coccinea (Nutt.) Rydb. (Malvacea) . 145 MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the genus Gmelina. V . 154 STRITCH. L. R., Nomenclatural contributions to a revision of the genus Wisteria . 183 MOLDENKE, A. L., Book reviews . 185 Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 303 Parkside Road 0 .• T Plainfield, New Jersey 07060 U.S.A. BuiA > Price of this number $3.00; tor this volume $14.00 in advance or $15.00 after close of the volume; $5.00 extra to all foreign addresses and domestic dealers; 512 pages constitute a complete volume; claims for numbers lost in the mails must be made immediately after receipt of the next following number for free replacement; back volume prices apply if payment is received after a volume is closed. CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF WAITS WOODS, HANCOCK COUNTY, ILLINOIS R. D. Henry and A. R. Scott R. M. Myers and A. L. Kibbe Herbaria and Institute for Environmental Management, Western Illinois University Macomb, IL 61455 ABSTRACT: A total of 213 species of vascular plants representing four divisions and 65 families has been collected at Waits Woods, Hancock County, Illinois. Two of these species, Phacelia purshii Buckley and Dodecatheon amethystinum Fassett are county records. In December 1981, Dr. Myron Wait, a Hamilton, Illinois, dentist, and his wife, Mary, donated a 13-acre (5.26 ha) tract of land to Western Illinois University for preservation as well as for biologi¬ cal instruction and research purposes. The Waits for over 50 years have protected the area which they used for their own enjoyment of nature. The area is about eight miles (13 km) north of Hamilton, Hancock County, Illinois, near the Mississippi River. This paper presents a checklist of the vascular plants found in Waits Woods as a result of at least a monthly inventory from March through October 1982 and from which herbarium specimens are being prepared and will be deposited in the herbarium of the A. L. Kibbe Life Science Station (WARK) of Western Illinois University at Warsaw, Illinois. Nomenclature follows Mohlenbrock (1975). The area is basically an oak-hickory- sugar maple woods on a moderately sloping mesic to dryish south to southwest-facing slope. This slope is on the north side of a small narrow valley formed by a stream cutting through the eastern Mississippi River bluff. The area has been disturbed primarily by logging (mostly oaks) in the past although some large trees remain. Some large electric power lines traverse the area in a north-south direction near the center of the woods and, as expected, the area below them has been cleared and the vegetation has been kept under control so as to not inter¬ fere with the lines. The dominant trees are Acer saccharum Marsh., Carya cordiformis (Wang.) K. Koch, ovata (Mill.) K. Koch, C. tomentosa (Poir.) Nutt. , Quercus alba L. , Q. macrocarpa Michx. , Q. rubra L. , Q. velutina Lam. and, in certain places, Q. muhlenbergii Engelm. Ti lia americana L. is also quite common. Major understory trees are Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) K. Koch and Prunus serotina Ehrh. The understory is rather open and, in general, has a characteristic typical herbaceous flora for this area of Illinois. There is some¬ what of a contrast between the parts to the east and west of the power lines. The west side, due to being a little more mesic, has 129 130 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 3 perhaps a little better developed woody understory. At the south¬ ern edge of this woods were many Carpinus caroliniana Walt, and Monotropa uniflora L. plants as well being the only location we found Dodecatheon amethystinum Fassett, Coral lorhi za odontorhiza (Willd.) Nutt, and Panax quinquefolius L. Commonly, and especial ly noticeable in spring and early summer, was the "carpeted" aspect of the ground due to a covering of Carex spp., Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch, and Smilacina racemosa (L.) Desf. East of the power lines the ground often was likewise a cover of Carex spp., and Parthenocissus quinquefolia but also there was much shrubby Xanthoxylum americanum Mill.; near the north edge of this part were some Gymnocladus dioica (L.) K. Koch and at the south¬ eastern tip on a small drier "tongue" some Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauv. Under the power lines there were herbaceous and especial ly woody forest remnants but this area was weedy with both herbaceous and woody (such as Ailanthus, Rhus, Rubus) species and it is here (as well as along the roadside) that about all of the alien species occurred. The upper end of a ravine traverses the power line area making for a small wet drainage in which some moist soil plants such as Mimulus ringens L. , Leersia virginica Willd., Lobelia siphilitica L. , Pi lea pumi la (P.) Gray and Scirpus georgianus Harper occur. About 400 plant specimens were collected which represented four divisions, 65 families, 146 genera and 213 species. The Equise- tophyta was represented by one family, one genus and one species. The Polypodiophyta was represented by two families, two genera and two species. Therefore, the pteridophytes consisted of three families, three genera and three species. The only gymnosperms, the Pinophyta, were represented by one family, one genus and one species. The Magnoliophyta (angiosperms) was represented by 61 families, 142 genera and 209 species; of which the Magnoliopsida (dicots) consisted of 52 families, 113 genera and 159 species while the Liliopsida (monocots) consisted of nine families, 29 genera and 50 species. Of the 213 species, 23 (10.8%) were aliens. The largest families are the Compositae and Poaceae with 31 and 22 species respectively. Two county records, Phacelia purshii Buckley (per Mohlenbrock and Ladd, 1978) and Dodecatheon amethystinum (per Mohlenbrock, 1978) were found. This station along the western border of Illinois along with Vermilion County (Mohlenbrock and Ladd, 1978) on the eastern border of Illinois represent the present northern-most limit in the state for Phacelia purshii . A very small population of this species was growing well in a moist area at the power-line and woods boundary. This station for Dodecatheon amethystinum besides being another county in the expected range of this species (Ugent et al., 1982) is also another extant location (the seventh county per Bowles et al . , 1981) for this Illinois endangered species. One plant, which was fruiting, of the Illinois threatened species Panax quinquefolius (Bowles et al., 1981) was found in the woods. A specimen of Tilia americana L. var. neglecta (Spach) Fosberg was collected which 1984 Henry & Scott, Vascular plants of Waits Woods 131 according to Mohlenbrock (1982) is rare and is the fifth and southern-most county of its occurrence in Illinois. Two forms of Trillium recurvatum Beck occurred in the woods: forma luteum Clute which according to Mohlenbrock (1970) is found occasional ly through- out the state and forma shayii Palmer & Steyerm. which Mohlenbrock (1970) states is known from about six counties in the central and southern parts of the state. LIST OF SPECIES The taxa are listed alphabetically within each division. An asterisk (*) indicates the species is an alien according to Myers (1972). DIVISION EQUISETOPHYTA Equisetaceae Equisetum hymmale L. var. affine (Engelm.) A. A. Eaton DIVISION P0LYP0DI0PHYTA Ophioglossaceae Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. Polypodiaceae Cystopteris fragi I is ( L . ) Bernh. var. protrusa Weatherby DIVISION PINOPHYTA Cupressaceae Juniperus virginiana L. DIVISION MAGNOLIOPHYTA CLASS LI LIOPSIDA Araceae Arisaema dracontium (L.) Schott Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott Comme linaceae Tradescantia ohiensis Raf. Cyperaceae Carex albursina Sheldon Carex blanda Dewey Carex cephalophora Muh 1 . Carex grisea Wahlenb. Carex hirtifolia Mack. Carex jamesii Schwein. Carex normal is Mack. Carex oligocarpa Schk. Carex pensyl vanica Lam. Carex rosea Schk. Carex shortiana Dewey Carex vulpinoidea Michx. Cyperus strigosus L. Scirpus georgianus Harper Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea vi 1 losa L. Juncaceae Juncus tenuis Willd. Liliaceae Allium canadense L. *Asparagus officinalis L. Polygonatum commutatum (Schult.) A. Dietr. Smilacina racemosa (L.) Desf. Trillium recurvatum Beck. Tri 1 lium recurvatum Beck. f. luteum Clute Tri Ilium recurvatum Beck. f. shayii Palmer 5 Steyermark Uvularia grandif lora Sm. 132 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 3 Orchidaceae Corallorhiza odontorhizji (Willd.) Nutt. Poaceae *Bromus inermis Leyss. Bromus pubescens Muhl. *Dactylis glomerata L. Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauv. *Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Muhl. Echinochloa pungens (Poir.) Rydb. El pius hystrix L. Elymus villosus Muhl. Festuca obtusa Bieler Leersia virginica Willd, Muhfenbergia schreberi J. F. Gmel. Muhlenbergia sobolifera (Muhl.) Trin. Panicum capillare L. Panicum dichotomif lorum Michx. Panicum lanuginosum Ell. Panicum latifolium L. *Poa pratensis L. *Setaria faberi Herrm, *Setaria lutescens (Weigel) Hubb. ~ *Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. var. major (Torr. ) Erdman Tridens flavus (L„) Hitchcock Smi lacaceae Smilax hispida Muh 1 . Smi lax Iasi oneuron Hook. CLASS MAGNOLIOPSIDA Aceraceae Acer nigrum Michx. f. Acer saccharum Marsh. Anacardiaceae Rhus aromatica Ait. Rhus glabra L. Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze. Araliaceae Aralia racemosa L. Panax quinquefolius L. Asclepiadaceae Asclepias incarnata L. Asclepias quadrifolia Jacq. Asclepias syriaca L. Asclepias vertici 1 lata L. Cynanchum laeve (Michx.) Pers. Berberidaceae Podophyllum peltatum L, Betulaceae Carpinus caroliniana Walt. Corylus americana Walt. Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) K, Koch Boraginaceae Hackelia virginiana (L.) I, M. Johnston Mertensia virginica (L.) Pers. Campanulaceae Campanula americana L. Lobelia inf lata L. Lobelia siphi litica L. Specularia perfoliata (L.) A. DC. Capri foliaceae Lonicera prolifera (Kirchn.) Rehd. Sambucus canadensis L. 1984 Henry & Scott, Vascular plants of Waits Woods Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench Triosteum perfoliatum L. Viburnum prunifolium L. Compos itae Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. Aster cordifblius L. Aster laterif lorus (L.) Britt. Aster ontarionis Wieg. Aster pilosus Willd. Aster sagittifolius Wedem. ex Willd". Aster short i_i Lindl. Bidens frondosa L. Cirsium discolor (Muhl . ) Spreng. *Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. Erigeron canadensis L. Erigeron phi ladelphicus L. Eupatorium purpureum L. Eupatorium rugosum Houtt. Eupatorium serotinum Michx. Gnaphalium obtusifolium L. *Helianthus annuus L. Helianthus hirsutus Raf . Krigia biflora (Walt.) Blake Lactuca canadensis L. Lactuca floridana (L.) Gaertn. * Lactuca serriola L. Solidago canadensis L, Solidago gigantea Ait. Solidago ulmifolia Muh 1 . * Taraxacum officinale Weber. *Tragopogon dubTus Scop . Vernonia missurica Raf. Comaceae Cornus drummondii C. A. Mey. Cruciferae Dentaria laciniata Muhl. Ericaceae Monotropa uni flora L. Euphorbiaceae Acalypha rhomboidea Raf. Acalypha virginica L. Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Smal 1 Chamaesyce supina (Raf.) Moldenke Poinsettia cyathophora (Murr.) Kl. § Garcke Poinsettia dentata (Michx.) Kl. 5 Garcke Fagaceae Quercus alba L. Quercus macrocarpa Michx. Quercus muhlenbergii Engel m. Quercus rubra L. ~ Quercus vefuTina Lam. Geraniaceae Geranium carol inianum L. Hippocastanaceae Aesculus glabra Willd. Hydrophyllaceae El lisia nyctelea L. Hydrophy 1 Ium virginianum L. Phace 1 ia purshi i Buckley Hypericaceae *Hypericum perforatum L. Hypericum puncta turn Tam. Juglandaceae Carya cordiformis (Wanp 1 K. - - Carya ovata (Mill.) K. Koch Carya tomentosa (Poir.) Nutt. Juglans nigra L. 134 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 3 Labiatae Blephilia ciliata (L.) Benth. Monarda fistulosa L. Pycnanthemum pi losum Nutt. Scutellaria ovata Hill Stachys tenuifolia Willd. Teucrium canadense L. var. occidentale (Gray) McClintock § Epling Leguminosae Cercis canadensis L. Desmodium dillenii Dari. Desmodium glutinosum (Huh 1 . ) Wood . Desmodium nudif lorum ( L . ) DC . Gleditsia triacanthos L. Gymnocladus dioica (L.) K. Koch *Lespedeza stipulacea Maxim. *Medicago lupulina L. *Meli lotus alba Desr. Robinia pseudoacacia L. Strophostyles helvola (L.) Ell. *Trifolium pratense L. Menispermaceae Menispermum canadense L. Moraceae *Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneider *Morus alba L. Morus rubra L. Oleaceae Fraxinus americana L. Fraxinus quadrangulata Michx. Onagraceae Circaea quadrisulcata (Maxim.) Franch. § Sav. var. canadensis (L.) Hara Oenothera biennis L. Oxalidaceae Oxalis di 1 lenii Jacq. Oxalis violacea L. Papaveraceae Dicentra cucul laria (L.) Bernh. Sanguinaria canadensis L. Phyrmaceae Phryma leptostachya L. Phytolaccaceae Phytol acca americana L. Plantaginaceae Plantago rugelii Dene. Platanaceae Platanus occidentalis L. Polemoniaceae Phlox divaricata L, ssp. laphamii (Wood) Wherry Polygonaceae Polygonum scandens L. Polygonum virginianum L. *Rumex crispus L. Portulacaceae Claytonia virginica L. Primulaceae Dodecatheon amethyst inum Fassett Ranunculaceae Anemone virginiana L. Ranunculus abortivus L. 1984 Henry & Scott, Vascular plants of Waits Woods Rosaceae Agrimonia gryposepaha Wallr. Agrimonia pubescens Wallr. Amelanchier arborea (Michx. f . ) Fern . Geum canadense Jacq. Potenti 11a simplex Michx. Prunus serotina Ehrh. Prunus virginiana L. Pubus al legheniensis Porter RiibiJS flagellaris Wi lid. Pubus occidental is L. Pubus pensylvanicus Poir. Rubiaceae Galium aparine L. Galium circaezans Michx. GaH_um concinnum Torr. £, Gray Rutaceae Xanthoxy 1 urn americanum Mill. Salicaceae Pogulus deltoides Marsh. Salix interior Row lee Saxi fragaceae Pibes missouriense Nutt. Scrophulariaceae Mi mu] us ringens L. Scrophularia mari landica L. *Verbascum thapsuFTT Simaroubaceae *Aij_anthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle Solanaceae Physali_s heterophy 1 la Nees Solanum carolinense L. Ti liaceae i ia americana L. var. nog 1 ecta (Spach) Fosberg Ulmaceae Ceibis occidentalis L. Ulmus rubra Muh 1 . Umbel li ferae Osmorhiza claytonii (Michx.) Clarke ~ Sanicula gregaria Bickn. Urticaceae Pilea pumila (P.) Gray Verbenaceae Verbena strict a Vent. Verbena urticifolia L. Violaceae Viola sororia Willd. Vitaceae Pa_rthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. ^ibis riparia Michx. Vitis vulpina L. 136 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 3 REFERENCES Bowles, M. L. , V. E. Diersing, J. E. Ebinger, and H. C. Schultz. 1981. Endangered and threatened vertebrate animals and vascular plants of Illinois. Illinois Department of Conservation, Springfield. Mohlenbrock, R. H. 1970. The illustrated flora of Illinois-- flowering plants: lilies to orchids. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale. _ . 1975. Guide to the vascular flora of Illinois. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale, _ _ _ . 1978. The illustrated flora of II linois--f lowering plants: hollies to loasas. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale. _ _ . 1982. The illustrated flora of II linois--f lowering plants: basswoods to spurges. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale. _ , and D. M. Ladd. 1978. Distribution of Illinois vascular plants. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale. Myers, R. M. 1972. Annotated catalog and index for the Illinois flora. Western Illinois University Series in the Biological Sciences No. 10, Macomb, Illinois. Ugent, D. , M. Verdun, and M. Mibb. 1982. The jeweled shooting star (Dodecatheon amethystinum) : a post glacial migrant in the Mississippi valley. Phytologia 51:323-329. ACKNOWLEDGMENT Appreciation is expressed to the Western Illinois University Institute for Environmental Management for travel funds. MESOAMERICAN CELASTRACEAE — II Cyrus Longworth Lundell Director, Plant Sciences Laboratory The University of Texas at Dallas Richardson, Texas 75083-0688 CROSSOPETALUM DENSIFLORUM Lundell, sp. nov. — Arbor parva, 2 m. alta; ramuli 4-angulati, graciles, apice minute puberuli, glabrati; folia parva, supra minute puberula, subtus glabra, petiolata, petiolo 2.5 — 3.5 mm. longo, canaliculato, minute puberulo; lamina membranacea, lanceolata vel elliptica, 5 — 8.5 cm. longa, 2 — 3 cm. lata, apice subabrupte acuminata, basi acuta, subintegra; inf lorescentia parva, gracilis, cymosa, 1 — 2 cm. longa, pedunculata, minute puberula; flores subcapitati, 4-meri; pedicelli ad 1.4 mm. longi; sepala parva, late ovato- rotundata, ca. 1 mm. lata, 0.7 mm. longa, apice rotundata, minute et dense puberula; petala 4, suberecta, glabra, obovata, ca. 2 mm. longa, basi late unguiculata, apice minute erosa, rotundata; filamenta filiformis, ca. 1 mm. longa, erecta; antherae late rotundatae, ca. 0.2 mm. longae, apice emarginatae; ovarium 2-loculare, glabrum; stigma biloba. Mexico: Veracruz, Municipio Hidalgotitlan, 16.5 km. al 0 de Hermanos Cedillo, sobre terraceria a Boca del Monte, entre Poblada 1 y Rio Chachijalpa; borde de selva karstica de Termi- nalia, Dialium, etc., elev. 90 m. , April 16, 1981, Tom Wendt, EL Lott y F. Chiang 3197 (holotype, LL) , arbolito de 2m.; flores amarillo-verde palidas, frutos verde palidos; frequente en selva. Referable to the complex of taxa with 4-ribbed stems, £. densif lorum is notable for its subcapitate flowers with pedicels less than 1.4 mm. long in the small densely flowered cymes. Its small thin obovate petals are broadly unguiculate, the filaments are thread-like, and the densely puberulent calyx has thin broadly ovate-rounded sepals. CROSSOPETALUM GLABRUM Lundell, sp. nov. — Arbor, 4 — 6 m. alta, omnino glabra; ramuli 4-angulati, graciles; folia coriacea, petiolata, petiolo 3 — 6 mm. longo, canaliculato; lamina ellip¬ tica vel lanceolata, 6 — 12 cm. longa, 3 — 5.3 cm. lata, apice subabrupte acuminata vel caudato-acuminata, basi rotundata et acutiuscula, margine minute crenulato-serrulata ; inf lorescentia parvissima, cymosa, axillaris, 5 — 10 mm. longa, pauciflora; flores 4-meri; pedicelli graciles, 2 — 4 mm. longi; sepala late ovato-rotundata, 1 — 1.4 mm. lata, apice rotundata; petala late rotundata vel ovato-rotundata, ad 2.5 mm. longa, 2 mm. lata, subintegra vel minute dentato-erosa; filamenta 0.3 — 0.5 mm. 137 138 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 3 longa; antherae ovatae, ca. 0.4 mm. longae, obtusae; ovarium glabrum. Mexico: Veracruz, Municipio Hidalgotitlan, brecha Hnos. Cedillo, la escuadra, selva alta perennif olia, alt. 200 m. , March 7, 1974, Mario Vazquez et al. V-117 (holotype, XAL) , arbusto, 6 m. , flor verde. Municipio Catemaco, 8 km. al Este de Tebanca, camino que va al Bastonal, selva alta perennif olia, March 22, 1973, Refugio Cedillo Trigos , J. Ismael Calzada 149 (paratype, XAL), arbusto, 4 m. , flor verde. In being completely glabrous, having sharply 4-angled stems, with very small mostly 3-f lowered cymes aggregated in leaf axils, and in its rather large coriaceous leaves, C^. glabrum is notable among the Mexican taxa. Its sepals and petals are thin and unequal in size. CROSSOPETALUM LANCEIFOLIUM (Lundell) Lundell, comb. nov. Rhacoma lanceifolia Lundell, Field Lab. 13: 6. 1945. CROSSOPETALUM LOBATUM Lundell, sp. nov. — Arbor parva, ad 4 m. alta; ramuli minute puberuli, subteres; folia petiolata, petiolo 2 — 3.5 mm. longo, canaliculato, minute puberulo; lamina membranacea, utrinque reticulata, subintegra, elliptica vel oblanceolata, 6.5 — 9.5 cm. longa, 2.5 — 4 cm. lata, apice sub- abrupte acuminata, basi acuta; inf lorescentia axillaris, cymosa, subsessilis vel pedunculata, ad 2.5 cm. longa, minute puberula; flores 4-meri; pedicelli 1.8 — 2.5 mm. longi; sepala suborbicu- laria, 0.75 — 1 mm. longa, apice rotundata vel subtruncata, margine minute erosa, extus minute puberula; petala basi rubra, obovata, ad 2.6 mm. longa, 2 mm. lata, apice rotundata, basi late unguiculata; filamenta ad 1.2 mm. longa; antherae parvae, late orbiculatae, ca. 0.2 mm. longae, apice emarginatae; discus lobatus; ovarium basi immersum; stylo ca. 0.4 mm. longo, apice minute bifido. Panama: Province of Panama, forest along small streams near the headwaters of the Rio Pirati, foothills of the Serrania de Maje, tropical wet forest, 100 — 150 m. , May 16, 1982, j5. Knapp & J. Mallet 5135 (holotype, LL) , treelet 3 — 4 m. , flowers pale yellow green, centers red. Related to the species of Mesoamerica with subterete inter¬ nodes, CL lobatum is noteworthy for its essentially glabrous leaf blades which are reticulate-veined on both surfaces, small cymes subsessile or short pedunculate, thin depressed-orbicular sepals, large obovate petals up to 2.6 mm. long and reddish at base, slender erect filaments, and lobed disk for which the taxon is named. CROSSOPETALUM MANAGUATILLO (Loes.) Lundell, Wrightia 3: 8. 1961. Rhacoma Managuatillo Loes., Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 8: 294. 1910. 1984 Lundell, Mesoamerican Cesta6tK0LCQA.£ 139 Mexico: Michoacan, Municipio Aquila, Cerro de la Ticla, selva baja caducifolia, alt. 60 m. , Aug. 27, 1979, _B. Guerrero C. et al. 109 (LL, XAL) , arbusto, 3 m. , flor rosa. CROSSOPETALUM MINIMIFLORUM Lundell, sp. nov. — Arbor parva, 2 — 3 m. alta; ramuli subteres, graciles, minute puberuli; folia parce minute puberula, petiolata, petiolo 3 — 5 mm. longo, canaliculato ; lamina membranacea, minute crenulato-serrulata vel subintegra, lanceolata, 3 — 7 cm. longa, 1 — 3 cm. lata, apice acuminata vel caudato-acuminata, basi acutiuscula; inflores- centia cymosa, axillaris, parva, 1 — 1.5 cm. longa, pedunculata, tenuis, minute puberula; pedicelli 1 — 1.5 mm. longi; f lores 4- meri; sepala ovato-elliptica, ca. 0.8 mm. longa, minute puberula; petala suberecta vel reflexa, late obovato-elliptica , 1.2 — 1.4 mm. longa, glabra, apice rotundata, minute erosa; stamina suberecta; filamenta gracilis, ca. 0.6 mm. longa; antherae minutae, rotundatae, ca. 0.2 mm. longae, apice emarginatae; ovarium glabrum. Mexico: Veracruz, Municipio Minatitlan, 13.7 km. al E de La Laguna, sobre terraceria a Expanapa, luego 7.2 km. al N sobre camino nuevo a Belisario Dominguez, selva perennifolia de Dialium, Brosimum, Bursera, etc. , en area karastica muy pedre- gosa, elev. 130 m. , April 7, 1981, Tom Wendt, A. Villalobos C. Navarrete 3153 (holotype, LL) , arbolito de 2.5 m. , flores blancas. Municipio Minatitlan, 1 km. al NO de Pob. 12 en el camino a Uxpanapa (Pob. 12), area de selva alta perennifolia, en orilla de arroyo pedregoso seco, elev. 130 m. , May 16, 1983, Wendt et al. 4088 (paratype, LL) , arbusto de 2 — 3 m. , flores color crema. The branchlets are compressed and angled at the nodes, but the internodes are subterete, not quadrangular. Although (3. densif lorum Lundell has sharply 4-angled internodes, much larger flowers, unguiculate larger petals, slender much longer filaments, it and CL minimif lorum appear to be closely related. The flowers of £. minimif lorum are in solitary, small, open, axillary cymes, and not congested although the pedicels are only 1 — 1.5 mm. long. Its small petals are not unguiculate. The fruits are ellipsoid, about 1.5 cm. long when ripe, red [Wendt et al. 2763 (LL) , 4239 (LL) ] . MAYTENUS STAMINOSA Lundell, sp. nov. — Arbor parva, 6 — 7 m. alta, omnino glabra; ramuli apice 4-angulati; folia alterna, petiolata, petiolo 4 — 5 mm. longo, canaliculato; lamina sub- coriacea, integra, glabra, elliptica, 5 — 9.3 cm. longa, 2.5 — 3.8 cm. lata, apice subabrupte late acuminata, obtusiuscula, basi acutiuscula; flores 5-meri, fasciculati, pedicellis 3 — 4 mm. longis; calyx quinquif idus , lobis late ovatis, ca. 0.5 mm. longis; stamina 5; filamenta tenuis, erecta, ca. 1.4 mm. longa; antherae late ovatae, 0.5 mm. longae; petala ovato-elliptica, ca. 2.2 mm. longa, late obtusa, minute erosa; discus crassus, 140 PHYTOLOGIA Vol . 56, No. 3 ca. 2.3 mm. diam. ; ovarium in discum subimmersum, biloculare, loculis biovulatis; fructus ca. 1.2 cm. longus, anguste obovoideus. Mexico: Tabasco, Municipio Nacajuca, a 6 km. carretera a Tecoluta, selva mediana subcaducifolia, alt. 26 m. , Oct. 9, 1978, £. _I. Calzada 4964 (holotype, XAL) , arbol, 6 — 7 m. high, flor verde, fruto anaranjado. Related to M. Purpusii Lundell of Veracruz, M. staminosa has 4-angled branchlets, larger flowers, slender filaments about 1.4 mm. long, and longer pedicels fasciculate in the leaf axils. The filaments of M. Purpusii are less than 0.5 mm. long, and the larger leaves mostly lanceolate. MAYTENUS STIPITATA Lundell, sp. nov. — Arbor, 8 m. alta, glabra; folia pallida, glabra, petiolata, petiolo crasso, 3 — 4 mm. longo, canaliculato ; lamina coriacea, crenulata, lanceolata vel oblanceolata, 7 — 9 cm. longa, 2 — 4 cm. lata, apice obtusa, basi obtusa et acutiuscula; pedicelli fructiferi axillares, crassiusculi , ca. 5 mm. longi; capsula obovoidea, ca. 1.4 cm. longa, stipitata. Mexico: Chiapas, Municipio Ocozocuatla, Canyon of Rio de la Venta at Cascada El Aguacero, tropical deciduous forest on steep limestone slopes, elev. 2500 ft., March 27, 1983, David Neill 5572 (holotype, LL) , tree, 8 m. tall, immature fruits green. The rigidly coriaceous pallid leaves broadly obtuse at apex and the stipitate capsules appear to set this taxon apart from the species of Maytenus in Mesoamerica. The only other species with stipitate fruits is M. guatemalensis Lundell, a shrub of Guatemala and Belize with sharply quadrangular branch- lets. The branchlets in M. stipitata are terete. QUETZALIA PAUCIFLORA Lundell, sp. nov. — Arbor parva, 7 m. alta, omnino glabra; ramuli angulati; folia petiolata, petiolo 4 — 7 mm. longo, canaliculato; lamina chartacea, anguste elliptica vel lanceolata, 4 — 7 cm. longa, 1.4 — 3 cm. lata, apice et basi acuta, margine integra; inf lorescentia axillaris, ca. 8 mm. longa, cymosa, triflora; sepala late rotundata; capsula subsessilis, ca. 1.3 cm. longa. Mexico: Veracruz, Municipio Yecuatla, Congregacion la Paz, de Enriquez, carretera Naolinco, alt. 1500 m. , J. I. Calzada 5432 (holotype, LL) , arbol, 7 m. The solitary, small, axillary, 3-f lowered cymes are unique in the genus. Only flower buds and immature capsules are available. NEOTROPICAL MYRSINACEAE — XIII Cyrus Longworth Lundell Director, Plant Sciences Laboratory The University of Texas at Dallas Richardson, Texas 75083-0688 ARDISIA TUXPANENSIS Lundell, sp. nov. — Arbor parva, 4 m. ramuli crassiusculi , minute f errugineo-tomentelli ; folia parva, coriacea, subsessilis, petiolo crasso, marginato, ad 3 mm. longo; lamina glabrata, dense et minute punctata, margine integra, revoluta, oblanceolata, 4 — 6.5 cm. longa, 1.8 — 2.5 cm. lata, apice obtusa, basi acuta; inf lorescentia terminalis, sessilis, paniculata, pyramidalis, ad 7.5 cm. longa, basi dense et minute f errugineo-tomentelli ; flores spicati, sessiles, 5- meri; sepala parva, coriacea, late ovata, 1.2 — 1.4 mm. longa, nigropunctata, margine hyalina, ciliata, apice late obtusa vel rotundata, intus basi glandulosa; corolla glabra, lineato- nigropunctata; antherae lanceolatae; ovarium glabrum; placenta ovoidea, apiculata. Mexico: Veracruz, Municipio Tuxpan, en la ciudad de Tuxpan, antes de cruzar al puente del Rio Tuxpan, selva alta perennif olia , primaria, alt. 50 m. , Sept. 11, 1980, J_. I_. Calzada , M. Ayala & J. Alvarado 6333 (holotype, F; xerox, LL) , arbol, 4 m. , flor botones verdes. In bud only, the flowers are spicate in a terminal, sessile panicle, with coriaceous sepals transparent marginally, ciliate, thick, black punctate medially, and glandular within at base. The corolla in bud is small, lineate and glabrous. The stamens are subsessile in bud, with lanceolate anthers longitudinally dehiscent. Leaves of A. tuxpanensis are rigidly coriaceous, small, and crowded at the ends of branches. A. tuxpanensis is a remarkably distinct species related to A. densif lora Krug & Urban. ICACOREA ALAJUELAE Lundell, sp. nov. — Frutex; ramuli dense f errugineo-lepidoti ; folia parva, petiolata, petiolo lepidoto, 3 — 5 mm. longo; lamina chartacea vel subcoriacea, glabrata, elliptica, 3 — 7.5 cm. longa, 1.5 — 3 cm. lata, apice subacuminata, obtusiuscula, basi acuta, utrinque venosa; inf lorescentia axillaris, parva, subsessilis, paniculata, ca. 2.5 cm. longa, parce lepidota, basi dense ferrugineo-lepidota; flores corymbosi; pedicelli 4 — 5 mm. longi, parce lepidoti; sepala parva, ovata, 1 — 1.4 mm. longa, apice obtusa, minute aurantiaco-punctata; corolla ca. 5.5 mm. longa; petala basi connata, anguste lanceolata, aurantiaco-lineato-punctata ; stamina ca. 4.2 mm. longa; filamenta ca. 1.6 mm. longa; antherae linear i-lanceolatae , ca. 3.2 mm. longae, apice 141 142 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 3 birimosae; ovarium glabrum, stylo ca. 4 mm. longo; placenta apiculata, ovula 16, parva, pluriseriata. Costa Rica: Province of Alajuela, San Pedro de San Ramon, March 12, 1932, Alberto M. Brenes 15091 (holotype, NY; fragments and xerox, LL) . A typical species of Icacorea with the anthers and other characteristics of the _I. compressa (H.B.K.) Standi, complex. There are a multitude of distinct but closely related taxa. 1. alajuelae is notable for its small axillary inflores¬ cences, small calyx punctate with minute orange glands, and numerous pluriseriate ovules. PARATHESIS TENORIOI Lundell, sp. nov. — Arbor parva; ramuli crassiusculi , ruf o-stellato-tomentosi ; folia supra gla- brata, subtus subadpresse ruf o-stellato-pubescentia, petiolata, petiolo ca. 1.2 cm. longo, canaliculato ; lamina chartacea, lan- ceolata, ad 27 cm. longa, 7.5 cm. lata, apice late acuminata, supra basi constricta, acuminata, utrinque reticulato-venosa, integra; inf lorescentia terminalis, anguste paniculata, ad 17 cm. longa, rufo-stellato-tomentella; flores 5-meri, corymbosi, minute rufo-stellato-tomentelli; pedicelli ad 4 mm. longi; sepala anguste lanceolato-triangulata, subulata, ad 2 mm. longa; corolla 5.5 mm. longa, extus minute rufo-stellato-pubescentia; petala anguste lanceolata, ca. 5.5 mm. longa, margine intus minute villosa, nigro-lineato-punctata; stamina ca. 3.4 mm. longa; filamenta ca. 1 mm. longa; antherae elliptico-lanceolatae, ca. 3 mm. longae, apiculatae, dorso nigropunctatae ; ovarium glabrum, apice puberulum; stylo ca. 5.4 mm. longo; ovula 8, erecta, uniseriata. Mexico: Guerrero, Municipio de Atoyac, loc. 41 km. al NE de Atoyac y 18 km. al NE de Vicente de Benitez, selva mediana perennifolia alterada, alt. 950 m. , May 23, 1982, _P. Tenorio L. 447 , _E. Martinez S. y CL Romero de T. (holotype, LL) , arbusto 1.50 — 2.0 m. , flores rosas; escaso. P_. Tenorioi is closely related to P_. chiapensis Fernald, a taxon known only from Chiapas and Guatemala. Its leaves are not denticulate but entire or inconspicuously undulate, and they are constricted about 3 cm. above base, tapering below into the petiole. The pubescence is appressed and stellate on the lower bizonal leaf surface with the rays slender and elongate, whereas in P.. chiapensis the lower surface is densely and uniformly pubescent with fine red, stipitate, short-rayed, stellate trichomes. Only mature flower buds were available in the holotype, and the description of the flowers was made from these. PARATHESIS TUXTLENSIS Lundell, sp. nov. — Frutex, 3 m. , ramulis crassiusculis , minute peradpresse tomentellis; folia pallida, petiolata, petiolo 1 — 2.3 cm. longo, apice anguste marginato; lamina chartacea, pallida, glabrata, anguste 1984 Lundell, Neotropical Mt/44-tKUZCCO.C 143 oblanceolata, 6.5 — 12 cm. longa, 1.8 — 3 cm. lata, apice subacu¬ minata, obtusiuscula, basi acuminata, dense et minute punctata, integra; inf lorescentia axillaris et pseudoterminalis , pallida, minute puberula, subsessilis, paniculata, ad 11 cm. longa, densiflora, tenuis; flores subcorymbosi , 5-meri; pedicelli ad 4 mm. longi; sepala valvata, anguste lanceolata, acuminata, ca. 1 mm. longa, parce puberula, parce aurantiaco-punctata ; corolla parva, aurantiaco-lineato-punctata, parce et minute puberula, margine intus villosa; antherae lanceolatae, basi sagittatae, dor so minute 1- vel 2-punctatae; ovarium glabrum; ovula 9. Mexico: Veracruz, Municipio San Andres Tuxtla, SE slopes of Volcan San Martin Tuxtla, 12 km. N of San Andres Tuxtla, in forest, alt. 1100 m. , July 1, 1982, (L Diggs , M. Nee & G. Schatz 2703 (holotype, LL) , shrub, 3 m. tall, inflorescence white, buds pale yellowish. tuxtlensis is an unusual species with its white inflorescence and very small yellowish flower buds. The measurements were made from the buds. The taxon is closely related to _P. subcoriacea Lundell which was described from Eizi Matuda collections in the Sierra Madre of western Chiapas. NOTES ON NEW AND NOTEWORTHY PLANTS. CLXXVII Harold N. Moldenke AEG1PHILA Y0LUB1L1S Mold., sp. nov. Frutex volubilis, ramis ramulisque gracilibus obtuse tetragonis dense pilosulis vel pilosis, foliis decussatis breviter petiolatis, petiolis 5 — 10 mm. longis densissime patenteque pilosis, laminis chartaceis, lanceolato-ellipticis 9 — 15 cm. longis 4 — 5.5 cm. latis apicaliter longe acuminatis, marginaliter integris, basaliter obtus- is vel subacutis, supra in costa venisque majoribus patente piloso- hispidulis, subtus ubique dense pubescentis, inf lorescentiis termin- alibus racemiformibus elongatis, sympodiis gracilibus dense pubes- centibus, cymis distincte pedunculatis subcapitatis . Scandent vine or sprawling shrub; branches and branchlets slender, obtusely tetragonal, gray, densely pilose or pilosulous with appar¬ ently soon deciduous hairs; leaves decussate-opposite; petioles short, 5 — 10 mm. long, densely spreading-pilose or hirsutulous; leaf-blades thinly chartaceous, rather uniform in color (when dried) , elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, 9 — 15 cm. long, 4 — 5.5 cm. wide, apically long-acuminate, marginally entire, basally obtuse to rounded or subacute, pilose-hispidulous along the midrib and larger vena¬ tion above, much more densely pubescent throughout beneath with brownish pubescence; inflorescence terminal, racemiform, elongate, about 20 cm. long, long-stalked, the sympodia and branches quite slender, densely spreading-pubescent or hispidulous; cymes distinct¬ ly stalked, more or less subcapitate, few — many-flowered, the stalks to 15 mm. long, densely spreading-pubescent; calyx very small, his¬ pidulous, distinctly 4-lobed, campanulate, 1.5--2 mm. long in all; corolla small, yellowish-white, the slender tube 4 — 5 mm. long, the 4 lobes each about 3 mm. long. The species is based on Ldnda ALbcKt dc E6C0ba.fi 795 from along the river bank at 300 feet altitude in the zone of Dry Tropical For¬ est near El Carmen, El Oro, Ecuador, collected between November 23 and December 16, 1978, and deposited in the Lundell Herbarium at the University of Texas. The species was hitherto confused with the quite similar A. ch.fiy6a.wtka Hayek. C1THAREXYLUM PACHYPHYLLUM var. PESQUEVEbISE Mold., var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei laminis foliorum parvioribus oblongis vel anguste ellipticis 1 — 2 cm. longis 5 — 10 mm. latis marginaliter integerrimis utrinque glabris recedit. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in its leaf-blades being smaller, very short-petiolate , oblong or narrowly elliptic, only 1 — 2 cm. long and 5 — 10 mm. wide, marginally entire, glabrous on both surfaces, apically obtuse and often slightly mucron- ulate, basally acute. The variety is based on J. Hud60n 1062 from a rocky mountainside about 1 km. north of Trujillo, in the Cerro Pesqueda, La Libertad, Peru, collected on November 30, 1974, and deposited in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden at St. Louis, Missouri. 144 COMBINED EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND AGRONOMIC FACTORS ON THE INVASION PATTERNS OF SPHAERALCEA COCCINEA (NUTT.) RYDB. (MALVACEA)1 Carolyn E. Grygiel, Charles D. Bonham and Edward F. Redente Range Science Department Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado ABSTRACT The invasion of scarlet globemallow (Sphaeralcea cocci nea (Nutt.) Rydb. (Malvacea)) onto an area of reseeded vegetation was studied. A chi-square analysis was used to determine the effect of certain agronomic and environmental factors. The environmental factors of SAR and available soil moisture, and the agronomic factor of seed mixture, were shown to have a significant effect on the invasion of this species. INTRODUCTION and LITERATURE REVIEW Scarlet globemallow or red falsemallow ( Sphaeral cea c o c c i n e a (Nutt.) Rydb. (Malvacea)) is a native, perennial forb of the Malvacea family (LaDuke and Northington 1978). Early taxonomists referred to this species as Mai vastrum cocc i neum (Pursh.) A. Gray (Britton and Brown 1897). Britton and Brown also cite earlier references to this species: Mai va c o c c i n e a Nutt. in Fraser's Cat. Name Only. 1813: and, Cristaria coccinea Pursh. FI. Am. Sept. 454. 1814. - The genus name Sphaeral cea was derived from the Greek sphaira, a sphere and alkea, mallow, referring to the rounded head of the fruit (Gleason 1952). Plants are between 7 and 30 cm in height and arise from a woody taproot (Rydberg 1922, Taylor 1972). The leaves are greyish-green in color (South Dakota State University 1970), alternate with palmately lobed or dissected blades (Gleason 1952), and are covered with stellate silvery hairs (Rydberg 1965). Rydberg (1965) also described the flowers as subtended by one to three bractlets, with five partially united sepals, and five petals. Hefurther stated that the flowers generally occur in terminal spike-like racemes and can appear in a range of colors from light pink to brick red . ^ T h i s study was conducted as an adjunct to a study funded by the United States Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AS02- 76EV0401 8. 145 146 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 3 Most authors agree w i t h Rydberg's ( 1 906) description of the geographic distribution of this species. He reported that this species occurred from Saskatchewan and Oregon to across the Great Plains into Iowa, and south to Texas and Mexico. It could gener¬ ally be found in these areas at an altitude between 1300 and 3000 m in dry, sandy soils and in habitats ranging from pastures to sage¬ brush-juniper sites. Chromosome studies of this species have shown polyploids of 2n=20 and 30 (LaDuke 1982). It was also stated that literature on this species was lacking because of its high degree of morpho¬ logical variation, polyploidy, and hybridization. Scarlet globemallow is generally known to display ecotypic variation. Ward et al . (1982), however, stated that pi ants col 1 ected from different elevations in the Piceance Basin of Colorado did not display significantly different ecotypic variation. Flowers appear between May and August, although flowering will continue into late September (South Dakota State University 1970). The carpels occur on racemes and are arranged in groups of five to nine and form a sphere that measures 2-4 mm in diameter (Britton and Brown 1897, Gleason 1952, Rydberg 1965). This species is considered to be highly drought resistant and will shed its leaves during these dry periods (South Dakota State University 1970). It has also been noted that this species has a tendency to increase during periods of drought and overgrazing (South Dakota State University 1970). Scarlet globemallow has been rated fair to poor in palatability although it is commonly eaten by livestock and is considered an important forage species in some arid regions (South Dakota State University 1970, Regelin et al., 1976, Vavra et al. 1977). Hansen (1980) indicated that almost all species of range herbivores have been shown to eat these plants, and even though it does not com¬ prise a major portion of the diet it is still considered to be an important forage species. Flinders (1971) reported that this species comprised an important part of the diet of insects, small mammals, antelope, sheep, and cattle. It is highly digestible and fulfills the requirements of digestible energy and digestible protein for livestock (Taylor 1972). Taylor further reported that the vitamin A content of this species is high during early growth ( 256,740 I . U . / k i 1 og ram) and when in bloom (48,1 80 I . U . / ki 1 og ram) . He also indicated that the magnesium and calcium content of plants has been shown to be low to deficient. A defoliation study of this species has shown no significant difference between herbage yields of defoliated plants after a 14-month rest period, when compared with control plants (Buwai 1975). This species was further shown to be highly resistant to multiple heavy defoliations. The plants used in the experiment by Buwai showed an excellent recovery after three or six heavy 1984 Grygiel, Bonham, & Redente, Invasion patterns 147 defoliations and then 14 or 26 months of rest. Hyder et al . (1975) reported that the most detrimental response to grazing occurred in May or June, but that the plants appeared to benefit from grazing in August or Oecember. In addition to its value as a forage plant, it is imbued with medicinal properties. Gilmore (1977) referred to scarlet globemallow as the "... medicine of the heyoka." He reported that the Dakota Indians were known to chew certain parts of the plant to form a paste, and then apply this paste to flesh wounds. Application of this same paste to the hands would enable the user to immerse his fingers into boiling water to retrieve meat without scalding his fingers. MATERIALS and METHODS Scarlet globemallow was selected as one of 10 invading species to be studied on a reseeded site in the Piceance Basin of northwest¬ ern Colorado (Grygiel 1983). The Piceance Basin is a semiarid tract of land of approximately 3200 km^. The study was conducted on the Shallowly Disturbed Successional Study located at the Colorado State University Intensive Study Site in the Piceance Basin. Elevation at the study site was 2040 m. Annual precipation for the years studied was: 22.33 cm in 1979, 28.65 cm in 1980, and 33.49 cm in 1981. The soil present on the site was classified by a represen¬ tative of the Soil Conservation Service as belonging to the Yamac Series. The Shallowly Disturbed Successional Study site was established in September and October of 1976. The disturbance consisted of scalping the site with a D-8 Caterpillar tractor and then ripping the soil to a depth of 30 cm. The 2.5-ha study area was divided into 108 subplots, which were drill seeded with one of six seed mixtures as follows: Native grass seed mixture. Introduced grass seed mixture. Native grass-forb seed mixture. Introduced grass- forb seed mixture. Native grass-forb-shrub seed mixture, and Native and Introduced grass-forb-shrub seed mixture. Three levels of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer were applied at the following rates: 112 kg N/ha and 56 kg P/ha, 56 kg N/ha and 28 kg P/ha, and 0 kg N/ha and 0 kg P/ha. Each subplot had dimensions of 9x18 m. The data were analyzed with detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) (Hill 1979) which identified the environmental factors of SAR (sodium absorption ratio) of the soil, available soil moisture, and wind dispersal of reproductive propagules (wind drift). Chi-square analysis was then employed to determine if invasion was evenly distributed among the agronomic factors of fertilizer and seed mixture, as well as the environmental factors of SAR level of soil, available soil moisture, and wind dispersal of plant propagules. Thirty-six subplots were mapped each year during the sampling periods of 1979, 1980, and 1981. Eighteen of the mapped subplots had been seeded with the Native grass-forb-shrub seed mixture and eighteen had been seeded with the Native and Introduced grass-forb- shrub seed mixture. 148 PHYTOLOGIA Vol . 56, No. 3 Invasion pattern mapping consisted of dividing the subplots into 1 -m2 sections, by means of a string grid, and mapping the area occupied by the invading species which occurred in the l-m2 area. The area occupied by the plants was then sketched to scale onto a grid that corresponded to the 1-m2 divisions of the subplot. The express purpose of this technique was to record the change in distributional pattern of the plants through time. The method used in this study was a modification of a mapping procedure described by Pickford and Stewart (1935). RESULTS and DISCUSSION Fertilizer was not shown to be a significant (p<0.05) factor. Seed mixture and certain environmental factors were all shown to have a significant effect on the biomass production of scarlet gl obemal 1 ow. The biomass production of scarlet glooemallow was uniformly distributed among all seed mixtures during the 1978 sampling period. During the 1979 sampling period, however, it was shown to have significantly lower (p<0.05) biomass levels in the Introduced grass seed mixture, Native grass-forb seed mixture, and Introduced grass-forb seed mixture as compared with the other three seed mixtures. The 1981 sampling period also showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in biomass production among seed mixtures. The Introduced grass seed mixture showed the lowest evidence of invasion by this forb on the study site. The Native grass seed mixture was readily invaded by scarlet globemallow and especially in those subplots which were located in areas of high moisture. Invasion levels of the Native grass-forb seed mixture and the Introduced grass-forb seed mixture were not significantly different (p >0.05) from each other. The Native grass-forb-shrub seed mixture had an invasion level comparable to the Native grass seed mixture for 1981. Invasion in this seed mixture was a reflection of the presence of native grasses and the small patches of open areas which occurred around seeded fourwing saltbush ( Atri pi ex argen tea ) Nutt, plants. The relatively high levels of biomass production that occurred in 1981 in the Native grass-forb-shrub seed mixture was the result of biomass production in a few, isolated subplots. These particular subplots were subject to the influence of the high soil moisture levels. In addition, the Native grass-forb-shrub seed mixture supported the highest level of invading species for 1979. The comparatively high incidence of invasion that occurred in the Native grass-forb-shrub seed mixture may have resulted from spaces left open by those seeded shrub and forb species which showed a poor response. Seeded species which showed a relatively poor response in this mixture were emerald crownvetch ( Coroni 1 1 a v a r i a L.), Stansbury cliffrose ( Cowani a mex i cana stansburiana (Torr.)), and green ephedra (Ephedra viridis (Colville)). 1984 Grygiel, Bonham, & Redente, Invasion patterns 149 Soil moisture was shown to be the most important environmental factor during all three sampling periods (Table 1). The data also illustrated the propensity for scarlet globemallow to be located in areas of high moisture. Wind dispersal was not shown to be a significant factor ( p < 0.05) because the species showed a tendency to reproduce by rhizomes and its seeds are not morphologically designed for wind dissemination. A high SAR level in the subplots did not result in a significant biomass production of this species. The maps selected for discussion in this paper are representa¬ tive of the invasion pattern of scarlet globemallow as these patterns occurred over the study site in the Native grass-forb-shrub seed mixture and in the Native and Introduced grass-forb-shrub seed mixture. The map shown is of an individual subplot, but it typifies the distribution pattern of this species in these seed mixtures (Figure 1.). The 1979 distribution of scarlet globemallow took the form of seedlings and relatively small, mature plants grouped to¬ gether in the formation of islands of vegetation. These islands became smaller in size in 1980 as the less competitive seedlings relinquished territory to the larger plants. The diminutive islands of 1980 had fragmented to form colonies of parent plants and their progeny during the 1981 growing season. This species was shown to be prolificacy rhizomatous in its reproductive strategy. It was not unusual to excavate seedlings connected by rhizomes to parent plants which were located at a distance of up to 1 m. This species has a woody taproot, and seedlings will have a great portion of their biomass concentrated beneath the soil surface. Scarlet globemallow was shown to be an early invading species capable of infiltrating recently disturbed reseeded areas. Addi¬ tional observations of the species as it occurred in the native vegetation showed a similar response. In disturbed, non-seeded areas scarlet globemallow appeared as a major early invading species. It appeared in clumps, rather than in uniform distribution. A parent plant in association with satellite progeny reflected the rhizomatous mode of reproduction. Although this species exhibited prolific seed production when moisture was abundant, fewer seeds were produced during those years when there was less available moi sture . Germination test results were poor and it was concluded that a hard seed coat was a factor which contributed to the poor germin¬ ation response. Subsequent germination tests were conducted after subjecting the seed to various degrees of acid and mechnical scar¬ ification and confinement in a germinator. Although germination response was not greatly increased by any of the treatments, it was shown that a higher intensity of scarification produced a higher germination response. Greenhouse and field germination studies conducted with the scarified seed proved inconclusive at this writing. Field observations in native vegetation and maps drawn of the reseeded site indicated that the prominence of this species becomes 150 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 3 Table 1. Percentage of total biomass of Sphaeralcea cocci nea affected by individual environmental factors. S amp ling Period Environmental Factor Percent of Total Biomasst Observed Expected 1973 Moi sture 59 48 1979 63 48 1981 67 48 1973 Wind drift 19 25 1979 20 25 1931 19 25 1973 SAP 14 16 1979 9 16 1981 8 16 1978 Neutral 8 11 1979 8 11 1981 6 11 tThe hypothesis of "even" biomass distribution ("even" in terms of proportional to the number of sub-subplots in each sector) was rejected with P<0.05 for the three sampling periods. 1984 Grygiel Bonham, & Redente , Invasion patterns 151 July 1979 July 1980 July 1981 gure 1. Distributional pattern outlines of Sphaeralcea coccinea for three data collection periods. 152 PHYTOLOGIA Vol . 56, No. 3 less as the plant commu nity matures. This species will apparently aggressively invade an open area but it will not aggressively compete with established plants, especially grasses. Although plant density decreased and its prominence as an invading species became less apparent, scarlet globemallow maintained a constant presence in the maturing reseeded community and as a component of the native vegeta¬ tion. This species, as an early invader, is suppressed although not eliminated as the community matures and is released through physical disturbances of a site. LITERATURE CITED Britton, Lord Nathanel and Hon. Addison Brown. 1897. An Illustrated Flora of the Nortnern United States, Canada, and the British Possessions. Vol. II. Charles Scribner's Sons: New York. Buwai, Malmi. 1975. Plant vigor, herbage yield and total nonstruc- tural carbohydrates of several range species as influenced by defoliation treatments and rest periods. M.S. Thesis. Colorado State University, Fort Collins. Flinders, J.T. and R . M . Hansen. 1971. Diets and habitats of jack- rabbits within a shortgrass ecosystem. U.S. Int. Biol. Prog. (IBP), Grass. Biome Tech. Rep. 58. Gilmore, Melvin R. 1977. Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region. University of Nebraska Press. Gleason, Henry A. 1952. Illustrated Flora of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. Vo. 2. Lancaster Press, Inc.: Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Grygiel, Carolyn E. 1983. Early plant invasion ecology of a shallowly disturbed, reseeded site in the Piceance Basin of Colorado. Ph.D. Dissertation. Colorado State University, Fort Collins. Hansen, Richard M. 1980. Professor of Range Science, Department of Range Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins. Personal Communication. Hill, M.O. 1 979. DECORANA - A Fortran program for detrended correspondence analysis and reciprocal averaging. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. Hyder, D.N., R.E. Bement, E.E. Remmenga, D.F. Hervey. 1975. Ecological responses of native plants and guidelines for management of shortgrass range. Tech. Bull. No. 1503, Ag . Res . Serv . , USDA . LaDuke, John C. and David K. Northington. 1978. The systematics of Spaheral cea coco i nea (Nutt.) Rydb. (Malvadea). Southwest¬ ern Naturalist, 23:651-660. 1984 Grygiel, Bonham, & Redente, Invasion patterns 153 LaDuke, John C. 1982. Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks. Personal Communi cation. Pickford, G.D. and George Stewart. 1935. Coordinate method of mapping low shrubs. Ecology, 16:245-261. Regelin, Wayne L., Richard M. Bartman, Donald W. Reichert, and Paul H. Neil. 1976. The influence of supplemental feed on food habits of tamed deer. USDA Forest Service, Research Note , RM 316. Rydberg, Per Axel. 1906. Flora of Colorado. Bulletin 100. Agricultural Experiment Station of the Colorado Agricultural College, Fort Collins. Rydberg, Per Axel. 1922. Flora of the Rocky Mountains and adjacent plains. Second edition. Published by the author: New York. Rydberg, Per Axel. 1965. Flora of the Plains and Prairies of Central North America. Hafner Publishing Co.: New York. South Dakota State University. 1970. Plants of South Dakota Grasslands. Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin 566: Brookings. Taylor, John. 1972. Nutritive value of Colorado range plants. M.S. Thesis. Colorado State University, Fort Collins. Vavra, M., R.W. Rice, R.M. Hansen, and P.L. Sims. 1977. Food habits of cattle on short grass range in northeastern Colorado. Journal of Range Management, 30:4-5. Ward, Richard T., William L. Slausen, and Charles W. Welden. 1982. Ecogenetic variability in native shrubs related to the esta¬ blishment of vegetation on disturbed arid lands. Pages 57-65 i n E.F. Redente, ed.. Revegetation studies on oil shale related disturbances in Colorado. Progress report D0E/E V/ 04018-6 to U.S. Department of Energy. (Department of Range Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins). ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS GMEEINA. V Harold N. Moldenke GMEEINA L. Additional & corrected bibliography: Duthie in Strachey, Cat. PI. Kumaon 138. 1906; Deb, FI. Tripura 1: 16 & 18. 1981; Elias in Bent¬ ley & Elias, Biol. Nectaries 197 & 246. 1983; Mold., Phytologia 56: 102--126 . 1984. The J. R. Vh.uurmcmd 26698, distributed as GmeJiZm. sp. , actually is CJte.fwde.ndn.m acuZzaZum (l.) schiecht. GMEEINA ARB0REA Roxb. Additional & corrected bibliography: Duthie in Strachey, Cat. PI. Kumaon 138. 1906; Deb, FI. Tripura 1: 16 & 18. 1981; Mold., Phyto¬ logia 56: 102, 108, 125, & 126. 1984. Thanks to the kindness of my good friend and colleague. Dr. George M. Hocking, I am able to record that Bhattachar jee & Das (1969) have reported the presence of alkaloids in the leaves of this species. Also, the correct spelling for two words inadvertently misspelled in a previous paper in this series is "Ayurvedic" and "anasarca". He also informs me that "I have read that the trunk diameter [of this species] increases to 0.4 m. in 5 years, thus showing twice the growth rate of southern pine." GMEEINA ASIATICA L. Additional bibliography: Elias in Bentley & Elias, Biol. Nec¬ taries 197 & 246. 1983; Mold., Phytologia 56: 102, 105, 108, 125, & 126. 1984. GMEEINA EEEIPTltA J. E. Sm. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 56: 102 — 106. 1984. Additional citations: GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Sumatra: LdflZ-Lng 11192 (Bz— 21242). GMEEINA HAINANENSIS oliv. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 56: 107 — 109. 1984. The " LZdng 65341" cited by me in a previous paper in this series is an unintentional typographic error for " LZang 65340" ■ GMEEINA MOLUCC ANA var. EEEIPTICA (Mold.) Mold. Bibliography: Anon., Biol. Abstr. 50 (12): B.A.S.I.C. S.84. 1969; Mold., Biol. Abstr. 50: 6338. 1969; Mold., Phytologia 18: 71. 1969; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 51 (17): B.A.S.I.C. S.89. 1970; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A. 15: 422. 1970; Mold., Biol. Abstr. 51: 9630. 1970; Mold., Ex¬ cerpt. Bot. A. 18: 445. 1971; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 340 (1971) and 2: 524 & 880. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 330 & 549. 1980; Mold., Phy¬ tologia 56: 126. 1984. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in hav¬ ing its leaf-blades regularly broadly elliptic, narrowed to a dis- 154 1984 Moldenke, Notes on GmeJU.no 155 tinctly acute base. The variety is based on an unnumbered R. Teona collection from a primary forest on a hillside 190 feet above sealevel along the Kolokofa river, on northwestern Ysabel island, Solomon Islands, col¬ lected on April 6, 1966, and deposited in the United States National Herbarium in Washington. The collector describes the plant as a tree, 60 feet tall, with a trunk girth of 4 feet, the bole straight, but¬ tresses present, thick ahd equal, to about 2 feet wide, the bark surface light-brown, fawn-color inside, flecked with light-brown outside, pink inside. Citations: SOLOMON ISLANDS: Ysabel: Teono i.n. [Herb. Brit. Sol. Isis. Prot. 6371] (Ld — photo of type, W — 2578238 — type) . GMELINA MOLUCCAS f. GLABRESCENS (Mold.) Mold., Phytologia 19: 439. 1970. Synonymy: GmeZZna iaZomonenAZi f. gZobtieA>ce.n4 Mold., Phytologia 4: 178. 1953. Bibliography: C. T. White, Journ. Arnold Arb. 31: 113. 1950; Mold., Biol. Abstr. 27: 2026. 1953; Mold., Phytologia 4: 178. 1953; Mold., Resum^ 204 & 456. 1959; Mold., Biol. Abstr. 51: 9630. 1970; Mold., Phytologia 19: 439. 1970; Mold., Excerpt. Bot. A. 18: 445. 1971; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 340 (1971) and 2: 524 & 880. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 330 & 549. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 55: 335 (1984) and 56: 124 & 125. 1984. This form differs from the typical form of the species in having the branchlets, peduncles, inflorescence-branches, pedicels, and lower leaf-surfaces glabrous or subglabrous. The form is based on KajeWbkZ 2228 from the seashore at Buin, Karngu, Bougainville island, in the Solomon Islands, collected on October 10, 1930, deposited in the Herbarium Bogoriense at Buiten- zorg, Java. It is quite possible that the WoZkeK & WkJXe. 169 & 257, from New Georgia and San Cristoval islands, cited by White (1950) as G. 6oZomone.niZi may represent the present taxon since he refers to the "adult leaves being glabrous or the young and half-grown leaves having [only] a slight pubescence on the midrib and main lateral nerves on the lower surface." Citations: SOLOMON ISLANDS: Bougainville: Kajeui6kZ 2228 (Bi — iso¬ type, Bz — 21336 — type, Ld — photo of type, N — isotype, N — photo of type ) . GMEL1NA UOLUCCANA f. GLANVULOSA (H. Hallier) Mold., Phytologia 56: 121. 1984. Synonymy: GmeZJ.no gZonduZoiO H. Hallier, Meded. Rijks Herb. Leid. 37: 57. 1918. It seems most doubtful to me that this taxon is distinct from the typical form of G. moZuccono (Blume) Backer since Blume (1826) , in his original description of the species, definitely speaks of "infra puberulis basique glandulosis" . GMELINA NEOCALEVONICA S. Moore, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 45: 375—376. 1921. Synonymy: GmeJA.no. neo- coZedonJco S. Moore ex Mold., Resume Suppl. 156 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 3 3: 32 in syn. 1962. Bibliography: S. Moore, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 45: 375 — 376. 1921; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 7: 104. 1929; Fedde & Schust/. Justs Bot. Jahresber. 53 (1): 1074. 1932; Mold., Known Geo- gr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 68 & 93 (1942) and ed. 2, 151 & 186. 1949; Mold., Rdsumd 205 & 456. 1959; Mold., Resume Suppl. 3: 32. 1962; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 341 (1971) and 2: 524 & 880. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 331 & 549. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 55: 333. 1984. A large shrub, 2 — 3 m. tall, or small tree, to 8 m. tall; branch- lets stout, the leafy tips minutely fulvous-tomentose, finally glabrescent, the bark loose, gray, longitudinally coarsely striate; leaves decussate-opposite, petiolate; leaf-blades coriaceous, ovate or rarely suborbicular , 12 — 17 cm. long, 8--14.5 cm. wide, apically obtuse or very obtuse, marginally slightly revolute, basally obtuse or rounded, shiny dark-green and glabrous above, pale gray-green be¬ neath, very minutely white- or pale brownish-farinose beneath; inf lor escence terminal, cymose-paniculate, oblong, 10 cm. long, densely flowered, fulvous-tomentose throughout; calyx campanulate, 6.5 mm. long, externally densely fulvous-tomentose, the rim 5-dentate; corolla white, with 2 yellow blotches on the lower lip,, externally densely fulvous-tomentose, the tube infundibular, 9 mm. long, the limb bilabiate, the posterior lobes oblong-ovate, longer than the similar suborbicular anterior lobe; stamens subincluded; style short- exserted, rather thick, subglabrous; stigma bilobed, the posterior lobe tooth-like and much shorter than the anterior one; ovary ovoid, 2 mm. long, apically setulose, 4-locular; ovules subapically pendent. The species is based on Compton 21.58 from a riverside in a CouC- ZttKAA forest, at 200 feet altitude, on serpentine soil, at Comboui New Caledonia. This is the first of the two known New Caledonian species of Gme- tina. and, according to Moore (1921) "is very different from its con¬ geners". Recent collectors have encountered it in mesophytic for¬ ests on serpentine hillsides, at 200 — 600 m. altitude, in flower in November . Citations: NEW CALEDONIA: F HCLHC 1512 (Ca — 390509, N, N) , 1998 (N) ; GaiLtaurntn & Bauma.nn-BodenheA.nl 13234 (N) ; Hlialtmann 755 (N) ; McKee \ 3484 (Go, W— 2210294) . GMELIN A 0BL0NGIF0L1A Roxb., Hort. Beng., imp. 1, [95]. 1814; FI. Ind. ed. 2, imp. 1, 3: 83. 1832. Bibliography: Roxb., Hort. Beng., imp,. 1, [95]. 1814; Roxb., FI. Indica,ed. 2, imp. 1, 3: 83 — 84. 1832; Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calcut. 473. 1845; Walp. , Repert. Bot. Syst. 4: 98. 1845; Schau. in A. DC., Prodr. 11: 679--680. 1847; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candol. 3: 200. 1858; Roxb., FI. Indica, ed. 2, imp. 2, 485 — 486. 1874; C. B. Clarke' in Hook, f., FI. Brit. India 4: 582 — 583. 1885; Jacks, in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 1: 1040. 1893; Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. , ed. 1, 4 (3a): 173. 1895; Gamble, Man. Indian Timb ed. 2, imp. 1, 537 & 778. 1902; Brandis, Indian Trees, imp. 1 & 2, 502 & 509 (1906) ad imp. -3, 502 & 509. 1911; H. Hallier, Meded. Rijks Herb. Leid. 37: 56. 1918; Gamble, Man. Indian Timb., ed. 2, imp. 2, 537 & 778. 1922; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 54 & 1984 Moldenke, Notes on Gmciina 157 93 (1942) and ed. 2, 125, 127, & 186. 1949; Mold., Resume 159, 163, & 456. 1959; Brandis, Indian Trees, imp. 5, 502 & 509. 1971; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 268 & 276 (1971) and 2: 880. 1971; Roxb. , FI. Indica, ed. 2, imp. 3, 485 — 486. 1971; Gamble, Man. Indian Timb., ed. 2, imp. 3, 537 & 778. 1972; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 263, 270, & 549. 1980; Roxb., Hort. Beng., imp. 2, [95]. 1980. A tall, slow-growing timber tree, to 10 m. tall at 14 years; trunk straight, the bole 4 — 5 m. to the first branch, to about 45 cm. in circumference at breast height (at 14 years of age) ; bark ash- colored, somewhat cracked; branches ascending; young branchlets some¬ what tetragonal; leaves decussate-opposite, petiolate, exstipulate; petioles about 5 cm. long, canaliculate above, with several glands close to the apex; leaf-blades oval or ovate to oblong, 15 — 31 cm. long, 7.5 — 21 cm. wide, apically subobtuse, marginally entire, rather rough, with a concave glandular impression on each side of the base of the midrib; inflorescence terminal, paniculate, solitary, broadly ovate in outline, its branches decussate-opposite, tetragonal, brownish-farinose; bracts small, very early caducoud; flowers large, numerous, fragrant; calyx cyathiform, externally farinose and with a few glands, the rim truncate and entire; corolla rosy, irregular, its tube short, curvate, the throat obliquely campanulate, the limb 5- parted, 2-lipped, the lower lip longer, with a deep-yellow mark at the center of its base; anthers 2-locular; style equaling the sta¬ mens; stigma unuequally 2-lobed; ovary superior, turbinate, exter¬ nally glabrous, 4-locular, each locule 1-ovulate; ovules attached slightly below their apex to the upper part of the placenta; fruit drupaceous, oblong, the size of a large olive, somewhat tetragonal and apically obtuse, externally smooth and shiny, bright-crimson when ripe, containing a single pyrene which is clavate, tetragonal, 4-locular, perforated centrally from the base; seeds solitary, lan¬ ceolate; endosperm absent; embryo erect; cotyledons conforming to the seed in size and shape; radicle small, inferior. Roxburgh (1832) states that "the seed ripens in August and Sep¬ tember" and that the species is "a native of the eastern parts of Bengal [Bangladesh]; flowering in March and April." Clarke (1885) asserts that the description "indicates a remarkable tree that no one else has seen. There is at Kew an unpublished drawing of Rox¬ burgh's of this tree, agreeing exactly with the description." Hallier (1918) comments: "Seine Gm. obiongifioZia. hat Roxburgh nach einem Exemplar des botan. Gartens zu Calcutta beschrieben. Da sie nach Clarke ein ansehnlicher Baum ist, 'that no one else has seen', so lag die Vermuthung nahe, dass sie nicht, wir Roxburgh an- giebt, von Ostbengalen stammt. . Sondern mit der Art von Ambon [G. rnoiucca.no. (Blume Backer] zusammenf&llt. Von dieser unterscheidet sie sich jedoch durch 'leaves somewhat rough', 'flowers large, rosy' und einen 'calyx entire'. Die beiden Arten ddrften also doch wohl verschieden sein." Nothing is known to me about this taxon beyond what is stated in its bibliography. GMELINA PALAllJENSIS H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Malay. Arch. 224 — 225. 1919. Synonymy: Gmdina. paZauHni its H. J. Lam ex Kanehira, FI. Micrones. 158 PHYTOLOGIA Vol . 56, No. 3 342. 1933. GmeJJ.Via p(Lta.U£VlA, Sche^ZeKa, Cocoi, and SeJLe.>vLa." The corollas are said to have been "pink" on F-L-iheti. 111, "purple" on TakamatAu 1639, "lavender" on Lam 49-156, and "white and ma¬ genta" on Canl-LeJLd 446. The Lam (1924) reference in the bibliography (above) of this spe¬ cies is sometimes cited as "1925", but that is merely the volume titlepage date; the page here concerned was issued in 1924. The A ktfin 461 [161) & 462, distributed as typical G. paZaweni-ci , actually represent its var. dA.nagate.n- 6-C6 Mold. , the former collec¬ tion being the type collection. Citations: PALAU ISLANDS: Amiriik: KamhiKa 7 9 2 3 ( W — 1669163). Babelthaob: Can^ieJLd 446 (w — 2828477); TakamaXAu. 1561 (Bi) , 1639 (Bi) ,- Tuyana 6.n. [28 Aug. 1937] (Bi) . Kaiguru: Takamat 6U 1 594 (Bi, Ca--805559, W— 1992675) . Palau: T. R. F-UkeA 111 (Ft— 7838, Ft— 7839); Hoiokawa 6969 (Bi, w— 2036324); Kane.Lu.ua 387 (Bi, N), 7 923 (N), 2 280 (N), 6.n. [Feb. 1929] (Ca— 203935); Lane. 49-156 (Ba— 385391) . GMELJNA PALAWEMSJS var. CELEB ICA Mold., Phytologia 3: 417 — 418. 1951. Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 3: 417 — 418. 1951; Mold., Resume 195 & 456. 1959; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 325 (1971) and 2: 880. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 315 & 549. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 55: 335. 1984. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in hav¬ ing subcoriaceous or coriaceous leaf-blades which are mostly obovate in shape, to 21 cm. long and 8.7 cm. wide, and basally attenuate- cuneate . This apparently endemic Celebesian plant is based on G. KjeZZ.be.Kg 2001 from sealevel at Malili, Celebes, collected on August 2, 1929, and deposited in the Herbarium Bogoriense at Buitenzorg, Java. Collectors describe the plant as a tree, to 30 m. tall, often 5 — 25 m. to the first branch and 75 cm. in diameter at 0.5 m. , 60 cm. at 1 m. , 41 cm. at 1.5 m. , and 35 — 45 cm. at 1.3 m. above the base, the flowers fragrant, the corolla rose-color (OJatuKandang 42) , and the fruit dark-green (in March) . They have found it growing at 25 — 600 m. altitude, in flower in January and October, and in fruit in March and December. They record the vernacular names, "longgewoewoe" "tamboerere" , "woewoe", and "woeroko". Material of this taxon has been distributed in some herbaria as typical G. pa£awe.nA-L6 H. J. Lam. Citations: GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Celebes: Buffet 32 [Boschproef- st. bb. 23574] (Bz — 21312); HoOKH&ha 8 [Boschproef st. bb.8560] (Bz — 21307, N) ; K jeZZbtKg 2001 (Bz— 21308— type, Bz— 21309— isotype, Ld— photo of type, N — photo of type, S — isotype) ; R eppZt 93 [Boschproef- st. Cel. III. 35] (Bz — 21316, Bz— 25580, Bz— 25581) , 214 [Boschproef- 160 PHYTOLOGIA Vol . 56, No. 3 st. Cel. IV. 189] (Bz — 21317), 377 [Boschproef st. Cel. III. 167] (Bz — 21311), 375 [Boschproefst. Cel. III. 168] (Bz— 21310, Bz— 22582) , 379 [Boschproefst. Cel. III. 169] (Bz — 21313); Watufiandang 42 [Boschproef¬ st. Cel. III. 35] (Bz— 21314, Bz— 21322, Bz— 21323, Bz— 21324, N) , 7 33 [Boschproefst. Cel. IV. 128] (Bz — 21318), J 34 [Boschproefst. Cel. IV. 129] (Bz— 21319, N) , 7 35 [Boschproefst. Cel. IV. 130] (Bz— 21320) , 7 36 [Boschproefst. Cel. IV. 131] (Bi, Bz — 21321). GMELJNA PALAWENSIS var. VJNAGATENS1S Mold., Phytologia 3: 418. 1951. Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 3: 418. 1951; Mold., Resume 184 & 456. 1959; Mold., Resume Suppl. 18: 7. 1969; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 317 (1971) and 2: 880. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 308 & 549. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 55: 335. 1984. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in hav¬ ing the leaf-blades subcoriaceous, elliptic in shape, 7 — 15 cm. long, 3.5 — 7 cm. wide, and basally attenuate. It is based on AkeJin 461Q from the island of Dinagat. Philippine Islands, collected in 1901 or 1902, and deposited in the Herbarium Bogoriense at Buitenzorg, Java. It appears to be endemic to Dinagat and Mindanao islands. Material of this variety has been distributed in some herbaria as typical G. pai.awe.n8ti h. j. Lam, F afiadaya sp. , or even R adeJima.cke.fia sp. Citations: PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Dinagat: A ke.fin 461Q [161] (Bz — 21305 — type, Bz— 21306 — isotype, Ld — photo of type, N— isotype, N — photo of type, W — 445766 — isotype) . Mindanao: Ak&flVl 462 (W — 445519) . GMEL1NA PALAlfJENSIS var. NOI/OGUlNEizNSIS Mold., Phytologia 4: 54 — 55. 1952. Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 4: 54 — 55. 1952; Mold., Resume 201 & 456. 1959; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 337 (1971) and 2: 880. 1971; Mold., Phytol, Mem. 2: 327 & 549. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 55: 335. 1984. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in hav¬ ing its leaf-blades firmly coriaceous, elliptic, basally rounded, and marked at the very base with 2 very large and prominent orchidaceous glands . The variety is based on Wome.fti>Zey, tie.fib. VepX. F OK. N. Gutn. NGF. 2922 from Morobe, Morobe District, Territory of New Guinea, de¬ posited in the Herbarium Bogoriense at Buitenzorg, Java. Recent collectors describe the plant as a small tree, 6 m. tall, the outer bark gray and fissured, the inner bark straw-green, the wood creamy-straw, the leaf-blades dark-green and smooth above, pale-green and rough beneath, the corollas "cream with purple", and the fruit green (in March) . They have found it growing in secondary forests, on rocky slopes above the mangrove forest, and also within the mangrove zone itself, at altitudes of sealevel to 40 m. in fruit in March. They report the native vernacular name, "boa". Citations: NEW GUINEA: Territory of New Guinea: Ke.fi2.ngCL i oJL. LAE. 73871 (Mu); Womefi- t>iey, Hefib. Ve.pt. F ok. N. Gutn. NGF. 2922 (Bz — 72674 — type, Ld — photo of type, N — photo of type, Ng — 6602 — isotype) . 1984 Moldenke, Notes on Gmeiina. 161 GMEL1NA PANJCULATA Fletcher, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1938: 204. 1938. Bibliography: Fletcher, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1938: 204 & 422. 1938; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 60 & 93. 1942; Hill & Salisb. , Ind. Kew. Suppl. 10: 100. 1947; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 2, 137 & 186. 1949; Anon., Kew Bull. Gen. Ind. 134. 1959; Mold., Resum^ 178 & 456. 1959; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 296 (1971) and 2: 880. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 286 & 549. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 55: 335 & 497. 1984. A small tree; branches terete or obtusely tetragonal, brown, spinose, at first slightly pubescent with the hairs more numerous at the nodes, eventually glabrous; lenticels few; spines axillary, 8 — 10 mm. long; leaves decussate-opposite; petioles 1.5 — 3 cm. long, brown in drying, canaliculate above, pubescent especially apically above; leaf-blades chartaceous, broadly ovate or elliptic, 7 — 13 cm. long, 5 — 8 cm. wide, apically subacuminate, marginally entire or slightly revolute, basally subcuneate, reddish-brown on both sur¬ faces when dried, glabrous or slightly pubescent above, glabrous and with numerous, white, rounded or quadrangular glands beneath; midrib conspicuous above, prominent beneath; secondaries 4 or 5 pairs, parallel, prominulent beneath; tertiaries numerous, parallel; inflorescence terminal, 2 — 4 cm. long, glandular-tomentose with fulvous hairs; bracts ovate or lanceolate, 2.5--10 mm. long, 1--5 mm. wide; calyx externally glandular-pubescent and marked with large black glands, the tube 3 mm. long, internally smooth, the rim 4- dentate, the teeth 1 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide; corolla externally glandular-pubescent, the tube 2.5 cm. long, internally glabrous, the limb 2-lipped, the posterior lip 5 mm. long and 5 mm. wide, the lower lip 3-lobed, 10 mm. long and 18 mm. wide, the lobes all api¬ cally rounded; stamens 4, 2 filaments 14 — 15 mm. long and attached 13.5 mm. above the base of the corolla-tube, the other two 7.5 mm. long and attached 12.5 mm. above the base; anthers 2.5 mm. long; style shortly bilobed; ovary obovoid, 2.8 mm. long and wide, exter¬ nally glabrous; fruit ovoid, 1.5 — 2 cm. long, 1 cm. wide, exter¬ nally slightly pubescent. This apparently endemic species is based on PuZ 2086 from Krabin, Aranya, Prachinburi District, Thailand, and is known only from the original collection. It is known to me only from the bibliography (above) . GMELINA PH1L1PPENS1S Cham., Linnaea 7: 109 [as " [oLbiaiica. ?) phiZippe.n6i6"] - 1832; Jacks, in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 1: 1040. 1893. Synonymy: Gmeiina. OJiii.ixiA.CJX Lour., FI. Cochinch., ed. 1, 376. 1790 [not G. aiioutica. Kurz, 1902, nor L., 1753, nor Wall., 1831. GmzZina.? fii.nZa.y6 0nia.no. Wall., Numer. List 215, no. 6317 hyponym. 1832; Schau. in A. DC., Prodr. 11: 680. 1847. GrneZina. a.6iaiica? Blanco, FI. Filip., ed. 1, 492 — 493. 1837. GmzZina. inC.KirU.6 Blanco, FI. Filip., ed. 1, 493. 1837. GmcZina. a.6iaiica. L. var. Cham, ex D. Dietr., Syn. PI. 3: 613 in syn. 1843. GmeZina. ky6tflix Schult. ex Kurz, Journ. Roy. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 39 (2) : 81. 1870. Gm&ZinO. hy6tnix Kurz ex Benth. in Benth. & Hook, f., Gen. PI. 2 (2): 1153. 1876. GmeZZna. inz>vmi6 162 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 3 Naves ex Fern.-Villar in Blanco, FI. Filip., ed. 3, 4: Nov. App. 159 in syn. 1880 [not G. JneHmJA Wight, 1831] . GmeJJna hJAtHyx Kurz ex Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. 134. 1885. GmeJJna bHacteata Burck, Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 10: 98, pi. 7, fig. 5 & 6. 1891. GmeJJ.no. 6-LnA-ta.yA0nJa.no. Wall, ex Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 507. 1891. GmeJJna 6-LnAlo.yAOnJana var. A-itveAtH.JA Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pi. 2: 507. 1891. GmeJJna 6^nAJayAonJana var. A-LJveAtHJA f- vJnJdJbn.acteata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 507. 1891. GmeJJna 6 JnAlayAonJana var. AJlveAtnJ- & f. c oJ.on.ata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 507. 1891. GmeJJna ^AnAJayAon- -Lana var. kyAtH.Jx Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 507. 1891. GmeJJna OA-taJJca Schau. ex H. Hallier, Meded. Rijks Herb. Leid. 37: 60 in syn. 1918. GmeJJna pinJJJppJnenAJA Cham, ex H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Malay. Arch. 222. 1919. GmeJJna aA-LaJJca var. phJJJppJne.niJA (Cham.) Bakh. in Lam & Bakh. , Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3: 70. 1921. GmeJJna aAJaJJca var. plrUJJppJnenAjA Bakh. ex E. D. Merr., Enum. Philip. Flow. PI. 3: 399 in syn. 1923. GmeJJna aAJaJJca Lam ex Fletcher, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1938: 405 in syn. 1938. GmeJJna kyAtnJx "Schult. ex Kurz" apud Anon., Kew Bull. Gen. Ind. 134. 1959. GmeJJna phJJJJppenAJA Hall & Gooding, FIs. Islands Sun 11, 41, 47, & 133. 1966. GmeJJna phJJJppenAAA Cham. & Schlecht. ex Mold., Resume Suppl. 18: 12 in syn. 1969. GmeJJna pkJJJppJnenAjA Cham. & Schlecht. ex Mold., R^sum^ Suppl. 18: 12 in syn. 1969. GmeJJna jJkXtpe.n-i-Ci Cham, ex Mold., Phytologia 23: 432 in syn. 1972. GmeJJna fiJJJpp&nAjA Cham, ex Lopez-Palacios, Pittieria 6: 13 & 17. 1974. GmeJJna hyAtnJA Schult. ex Ldpez-Palacios, Pittieria 6: 17 in syn. 1974. GmeJJna pUJJJpenAjA Cham, ex Lo’pez-Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. An¬ des 20: 24. 1979. GmeJJna kyAtnJx var. A-Utve.AtH.JA Kuntze ex Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 408 in syn. 1980. GmeJJna aAJaJJca var. kyAtH.Jx H. J. Lam ex Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 408 in syn. 1980. GmeJJna ^AnAJay- AOnJana var. vJHJdJbH.acte.ata Kuntze ex Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 408 in syn. 1980. GmeJJna phJJJppenAe Cham, ex Mold., Phytologia 54: 243 in syn. 1983. GmeJJna phJJJppeYlA-LA f. cotonata (Kuntze) Mold., Phy¬ tologia 55: 234. 1983. GmeJJna phJJJppenAJA f. vJn.JdJbn.acteMJa (Kuntze) Mold., Phytologia 55: 234. 1983. Bibliography: Lour., FI. Cochinch., ed. 1, 2: 376 — 377 (1790) and ed. 2, 2: 456 — 457. 1793; Cham., Linnaea 7: 109. 1832; Wall., Numer. List 215, no. 6317. 1832; Blanco, FI. Filip., ed. 1, 492—493. 1837; D. Dietr., Syn. Pi. 3: 613 — 614. 1843; Walp. , Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. 19, Suppl. 1: 380. 1843; Blanco, FI. Filip., ed. 2, 344—345. 1845; Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 4: 97. 1845; Schau. in A. DC., Prodr. 11: 679 & 680. 1847; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 200. 1858; Kurz, Journ. Roy. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 39 (2) : 81. 1870; Benth. in Benth. & Hook., Gen. PI. 2 (2): 1154. 1876; Kurz, For. FI. Brit. Burma 2: 265. 1877; Blanco, FI. Filip., ed. 3, 2: 274, pi. 215. 1878; Fern.-Villar in Blanco, FI. Filip., ed. 3, 4: Nov. App. 159. 1880; Gamble, Man. Indian Timb. , ed. 1, 295 & 509. 1881; Vidal, Sin. Fam. Gen. Pi. Lefi. Filip, [introd. FI. For. Filip.] 2: 36, pi. 75, fig. E. 1883; C. B. Clarke in Hook, f., FI. Brit. India 4: 582. 1885; Vidal, Phan. Cuming. Philip. 70 & 134. 1885; Vidal, Rev. Pi. Vase. Filip 210. 1886; Woodrow, Gard. India, ed. 5, 418. 1889; Burck, Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 1, 10: 98 — 99, pi. 7, fig. 5 & 6. 1891; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 507. 1891; Jacks, in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., 1984 Moldenke, Notes on GmeJiyina. 163 imp. 1, 1: 1039 & 1040. 1893; Anon., Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 15: 746. 1894; Hook, f., Curtis Bot. Mag. 120 [ser. 3, 50]: pi. 7391. 1894; Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. , ed. 1, 4 (3a): 173. 1895; Woodrow, Journ. Bomb. Nat. 5: 12. 1899; Raciborski, Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 17 [ser. 2, 2]: 24. 1900; Gamble, Man. Indian Timb. , ed. 2, imp. 1, 539 & 778. 1902; T. Cooke, FI. Presid. Bomb., ed. 1, 3: 426. 1905; F. N. Williams, Bull. Herb. Boiss., ser. 2, 5: 431. 1905; Brandis, Indian Trees, imp. 1 & 2, 509. 1906; Dale, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B.198: 221 — 263. 1906; E. D. Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 1, Suppl. 1: 121. 1906; Brandis, Indian Trees, imp. 2a, 509. 1907; Gamble in King & Gamble, Journ. Roy. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 74 (2, extra): 823. 1908; Woodrow, Gard. Trop. , imp. 1 & 2 [Gard. India, ed. 6, imp. 7 & 8] . 441. 1910; Brandis, Indian Trees, imp. 3, 509. 1911; Memmler, Gartenwelt 16: 606. 1912; E. D. Merr., FI. Manila, imp. 1, 406. 1912; W. H. Br., Merr., & Yates, Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 12: 240. 1917; E. D. Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 12: 385. 1917; Firminger, Man. Gard. India, ed. 6, 2: 385. 1918; H. Hallier, Meded. Rijks Herb. Leid. 37: 55 & 60. 1918; E. D. Merr., Sp. Blanc. 333 — 334. 1918; H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Malay. Arch. 222, 365, & 366. 1919; Bakh. in Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3: 70. 1921; Brandis, Indian Trees, imp. 4, 509. 1921; Gamble, Man. Indian Timb., ed. 2, imp. 2, 539 & 778, 1922; Haines, Bot. Bihar Orissa, ed. 1, 4: 718. 1922; Rodger in Lace, List Trees Shrubs Burma, ed. 2, 131. 1922; E. D. Merr., Enum. Philip. Flow. PI. 3: 399. 1923; Ridl., FI. Malay Penins. 2: 622 & 623. 1923; Gamble, FI. Presid. Madras 2 (6) : 1098. 1924; Haines, FI. Bihar Orissa, ed. 1, 6: 1296. 1924; Sasaki, List PI. Formos. 352. 1928; L. H. Bailey, Stand. Cyclop. Hort., imp. 1, 2: 1353. 1925; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 3: 299 (1930) and 6: 554. 1931; Rodger in Lace, List Trees Shrubs Bur¬ ma, ed. 3, 202. 1931; Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 53 (1): 1074. 1932; L. H. Bailey, Stand. Cyclop. Hort., imp. 3, 2: 1353. 1933; L. H. Bailey, Lists Florists Handl. Verb. [mss.]. 1935; L. H. Bailey, Stand* Cyclop. Hort., imp. 4, 2: 1353. 1935; Dop in Lecomte, FI. Gen. Indo-chine 4: 842 — 843. 1935; E. D. Merr., Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., ser. 2, 24 (2) : [Comm. Lour.] 335 & 426. 1935; Fletcher, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1938: 404 & 422—423. 1938; Mold., Suppl. List Comm. Vern. Names 5 & 6. 1940; Mold., Suppl. List Inv. Names 3. 1941; Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names 25. 1942; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 29, 54, 55, 59 — 62, 66, 73, & 93. 1942; Menninger, Descrip. Cat. Flow. Trop. Trees 16. 1944; Mold., Phytologia 2: 104. 1945; Jacks, in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 2, 1: 1039 & 1040. 1946; Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names Suppl. 1: 10. 1947; H. N. & A. L. Mold., PI. Life 2: 59. 1948; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 2, 54, 127, 129, 136, 137, 139, 141, 147, 160, & 186. 1949; R. O. Williams, Usef. Ornament. PI. Zanzib. 69, 276, & 277. 1949; Jex-Blake, Gard. East. Afr., ed. 3, 130. 1950; Corner, Wayside Trees, ed. 2, 702 & 703. 1952; Bor, Man. Indian Bot. 302. 1953; Petdlot, Pi. M«*d. Cambod. Laos Vietn. 2 [Arch. Rech. Agron. Past. Vietn. 18] : 252 — 253 (1953) and 4: 156. 1956; Sastri, Wealth India 4: 156. 1956; Anon., Kew. Bull. Gen. Ind. 134. 1959; Mold., Resume? 61, 163, 166, 176, 178, 180, 184, 192, 197, 218, 296, 297, 419, & 456. 1959; Mold., Re'sume Suppl. 1: 12. 1959; Jacks, in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 3, 164 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 3 1: 1039 & 1040. 1960; Haines, Bot. Bihar Orissa, ed. 2, 2: 754. 1961; Hansford, Sydowia Ann. Myc., ser. 2, Beih. 2: 694 — 695. 1961; Hunt- ley & Ko in Lace, List Trees Shrubs Burma, ed. 4, 202. 1961; Gled- hill. Check List Flow. Trees Sierra Leone 30. 1962; Liu, Illustr. Nat. Introd. PI. Taiwan 2: 1222, pi. 1030. 1962; Nair & Rehman, Bull. Nat. Bot. Gard. Lucknow 76: 13 & 16 — 18. 1962; Maheshwari, FI. Delhi 282 — 283. 1963; Sharma & Mukhopadhyay , Journ. Genet. 58: 359, 369, 375, 376, 379, & 383, pi. 11, fig. 39 & 40. 1963; Cave, Ind. PI. Chromos. Numb. 2: 330. 1964; Backer & Bakh. , FI. Java 2: 606 — 607. 1965; Bose, Handb. Shrubs 53, 108, & 121. 1965; Mold., Resumd Suppl. 12: 9. 1965; Sen & Naskar, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 7: 46. 1965; Bur- kill, Diet. Econ. Prod. Malay Penins. 1: 1106. 1966; Hall & Gooding, FIs. Islands Sun 11, 41, 47, 117, & 133. 1966; Ramaswami, Study Flow. PI. Bangalore [thesis] 1032, 1034 — 1035, & 1412. 1966; T. Cooke, FI. Presid. Bombay, ed. 2, imp. 2, 2: 505 — 506. 1967; Mold., Resume Suppl. 15: 15. 1967; Tingle, Check List Hong Kong PI. 38. 1967; E. D. Merr., FI. Manila, imp. 2, 406. 1968; Mold., Resum4 Suppl. 16: 22 (1968) and 18: 7 & 12. 1969; Bolkh. , Grif, Matve j . , & Zakhar., Chrom. Numb. Flow. Pi., imp. 1, 715. 1969; Corner & Watanabe, Illustr. Guide Trop. PI. 761. 1969; Mold., Biol. Abstr. 50: 7999. 1969; Preston in Synge, Suppl. Diet. Gard. 903. 1969; El-Gazzar & Wats., New Phytol. 69: 457, 483, & 485. 1970;Mold. in Menninger, Flow. Vines 334, pi. 194 & dust jacket. 1970; Brandis, Indian Trees, imp. 5, 509. 1971; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 110, 276, 283, 296, 301, 305, 317, 325, 330, & 363 (1971) and 2: 523, 524, 778, & 880. 1971; Gamble, Man. Indian Timb. , ed. 2, imp. 3, 537 & 778. 1972; Mold., Phytologia 23: 432 (1972), 25: 234 (1973), and 26: 368. 1973; Bolkh., Grif, Matvej., & Zakhar., Chromos. Numb. Flow. PI., imp. 2, 715. 1974; El-Gazzar, Egypt. Journ. Bot. 17: 75 & 78. 1974; Howes, Diet. Useful PI. 108. 1974; Lasser, Braun, & Steyerm. , Act. Bot. Venez. 9: 36. 1974; L6pez- Palacios, Pittieria 6: 13 & 17 — [18], map. 2. 1974; Mold., Phytolo¬ gia 28: 449 & 458. 1974; A. L. Mold., Phytologia 29: 172. 1974; Napp-Zinn, Anat. Blatt A (1) : 418 & 1042. 1974; Kooiman, Act. Bot. Neerl. 24: 462. 1975; Ldpez-Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Andes 15: 27 — 29. 1975; Mold., Phytologia 31: 391 & 398. 1975; Lopez- Palacios, FI. Venez. Verb. 317, 320 — 321, & 649, fig. 77. 1977; Mold., Phytologia 36: 40. 1977; Lopez-Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Andes 20: 24. 1979; Hsiao, FI. Taiwan 6: 12. 1980; Mold., Phy¬ tol. Mem. 2: 102, 263, 273, 286, 293, 296, 308, 315, 320, 354, 408, & 549. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 54: 240 & 243. 1983; H. N. & A. L. Mold, in Dassan. & Fosb. , Rev. Handb. FI. Ceyl. 4: 390 & 399 — 401. 1983; Mold., Phytologia 55: 234, 329, 331, 333, 480, 483, 487, 492, 494, & 497 (1984) and 56: 48 & 105. 1984. Illustrations: Blanco, FI. Filip., ed. 3, 2: pi. 215 (in color). 1878; Burck, Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 10: pi. 7, fig. 5 & 6. 1891; Hook, f., Curtis Bot. Mag. 120 [ser. 3, 50]: pi. 7391 (in color). 1894; Liu, Illustr. Nat. Introd. Lign. Pi. Taiwan 2: 1222, fig. 1030. 1962; Sharma & Mukhopadhyay, Journ. Genet. 58: 383, fig. 39 & 40. 1963; Hall & Gooding, FIs. Islands Sun pi. 30 (in color). 1966; Corner & Watanabe, Illust. Guide Trop. PI. 761. 1969; Preston in Synge, Suppl. Diet. Gard. 903. 1969; Mold, in Menninger, Flow. Vines pi. 194, dust-jacket, & advert, (in color). 1970; Ldpez-Palac- 1984 Moldenke, Notes on GmeJLind 165 ios, FI. Venez. Verb. [320] . 1977. A moderately sized to large, dense, attractive, straggling or scandent (if shaded) , usually spinose shrub, stout bush, undershrub, or small shrubby tree with the habit of a BougcuLnv-cLLejl, 3—7 m. tall, sometimes sprawling or prostrate; trunk (when formed) often armed with spines to 5 cm. long; stems usually several from ground level, arching, with long shoots arising from the arch, lenticellate ; lenticels scattered on older wood, pustulate,- branches arching, the ultimate lateral ones rather short, divaricate, sharp-pointed, droop¬ ing or subscandent, forming more or less flattened masses; dwarfed branchlets spinescent, the spines horizontal, short, 0.25--1.5 cm. long, or absent; youngest branchlets hispid-pubescent; bark yellow- ish-lenticellate ; wood soft, white; leaves decussate-opposite, as¬ cending, dimorphic, mostly anisophyllous ; petioles 0.5 — 4 cm. long; leaf-blades chartaceous and fleshy or subcoriaceous when fresh, sub- membranous in drying, ovate, oblong, or elliptic to rhomboid-ellip¬ tic or obovate, 1.5 — 10 cm. long, 1.5 — 6 cm. wide, apically obtuse or subacute, marginally entire and often slightly recurved or dis¬ tantly coarse-toothed to slightly few-lobed, glabrous and shiny a- bove, pale and often glaucous beneath, puberulent only on the larger venation, the intervening spaces covered by many peltate scales (the leaves in one form are mostly 10 — 15 cm. long, elliptic-oblong, sub¬ acute and entire; in the other form they are shorter, broader, and shallowly lobed, a variation perhaps connected with the dampness or dryness of the site, an environmental character which may also play a part in the general habit and spinescence of the plant) ; inflores¬ cence terminal, cymose, strobiliform, 10 — 20 cm. long, dense, pendu¬ lous, many-flowered, the cymes arranged in racemiform clusters in the axils of large, persistent, foliaceous, and very conspicuous, rather petaloid, showy bracts which are membranous, broadly oval or ovate to obovate or orbicular and concave, yellow (in the typical form), permanently green or yellowish-green [in f. \j'LKZdA.bKa.c£Z£Uta (Kuntze) Mold.], or maroon, purplish, reddish-purple, or purple to red or brownish-red [in f. zotoKOUtja. (Kuntze) Mold.], sometimes striped or purple-veined, brunnescent in drying, 1.5 — 4 cm. long, 1 — 3.5 cm. wide, apically obtuse to mucronate or short-apiculate, shortly ciliate-hairy only along the margins, 5-venose, the veins often red or purple; flowers pendulous, slightly fragrant, in 1- f lowered cymules, sessile or subsessile, easily detached, 5 — 7.5 cm. long; calyx green, campanulate, short, esternally strigose-hirtous, marked with 2 — 4 external glands, the rim 4- or 5-dentate; corolla bright-yellow or light lemon-yellow to orange-yellow, the tube ir¬ regularly narr ow-campanulate , curiously curvate and inflated up¬ wards, 4.5--5.5 cm. long, externally moderately densely pubescent or glabrous, the limb about 5 cm. wide, concave, globose, 4-parted, the "upper lip like the head of a duck" [Qureshi] , 3-lobed, the lobes short, broadly ovate-rotund, reflexed, the lower lip longer, ovate, obtuse, the 2 lateral lobes much smaller; stamens inserted at the middle or near the top of the corolla-tube, didynamous, the filaments yellow, the 2 longer (anterior) stamens with equal yellow (maturing brown) anthers and their filaments often apically with 166 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 3 tiny gland-tipped hairs, the subreniform anthers on the much shorter (posterior) stamens smaller and differently colored, their filaments glabrous throughout; pollen grains prolate, 49 x 37 mu (range 42 — 53 x 35 — 39 mu) , the endocolpium faint, the ectine surface areolate, the areoles of various shapes; style equaling the stamens, yellow; stigma bilobed, one lobe much shorter than the other; ovary obtuse; fruit drupaceous, obovoid, fleshy, pendulous, about 2.5 cm. long, yellow or yellowish, externally smooth, the pericarp soft and watery when mature; pyrenes very hard, 5-celled, with one seed per cell or by abortion less; chromosome number: 2n = 38. This rather Bou.gaZnvAjJo.a- like shrub is native to the Philippine Islands; also (perhaps originally introduced) from India eastward through Thailand, Burma, and Indochina to Indonesia; rather widely cultivated for ornament in private gardens and public parks in many parts of tropical Asia, Africa, and America. It is based on a Phil¬ ippine collection from Luzon, collector and number not designated, originally deposited in the Berlin herbarium, now lamentably de¬ stroyed. GmoJana pkZjA.ppO.niZi is a very quick-growing plant and usually requires severe pruning when in cultivation. It may be propagated by cuttings. The pollen is described in detail and illustrated by Nair & Rehman (1962) . In the Philippines the juice of the ripe fruit of this plant is used in treating soreness of the toes due to excessive wetness. In Malaya the leaves and fruit are pounded with lime and applied to the throat as a poultice in treating coughs. In Indonesia the juice of the roots is employed as a purgative and in the treatment of over¬ fatigue. In Indochina an extract of the roots (used internally) and of the leaves (used externally) is employed as an excitant, discuti- ent, and in treating diseases of the joints and nerves. The Jamboia iylveJitnJi Rumpf, J. iylvoitnZi panvZ^oLLa Rumpf, Radix dQj.pan.ae.- Rumpf, and R. deJpanae. ipuKZa Rumpf, often cited [e.g. , by Naves (1880)] as synonyms of this species, actually apply to the juvenile form of G. oJJZpZZca J. E. Sm. GneJZna plvUZppO.niZi is sometimes attacked by the fungus, M oJZoZa cJo.Kodo.ndnJc.ota var. mZan.omo.Ka (Syd.) Hansf. Vernacular names recorded as applied to G. pkZtZppO.YliZi include the following: alipung, aliptfng, alipunga, alipunga, bristly bush- beach, bristly bushbeach, baga-babui, bagaboboi, balabalayan, betebet, bosel-bosel, bulang, bulangan, bulangan duri, cay gang tu hu, ching chai, g^ng tu hu, gmelina de Asia, kalulut, kalulut, kibana-yoraku, kumbil, paniktik, pekan, Philippine shihmu [=stone-wood] , purple bulang, snapdragon tree, sousou, sowsow, talungun, tulongan, & tulongau . Chamisso's (1832) original description of this plant is: "foliis ellipticis, utrinque breviter acuminatis, apice obtusis, subcoriace- is nitidis, subtus in nervo et venis pilosis, caeterum nudus, brac- teis ellipticis membranaceis pilosis calyce ter quaterque longiori- bus. E Lugonia retulimus specimina vix suf f icientia, ramulum floriferum, aliumque fructiferum. A vulgari caldariorum nostrorum hispite notis allatis diversa, caeterum simillima. An species an varietas sit, doceant nos, quibus stirpem in vivis recognoscere erit 1984 Moldenke, Notes on GmeZJ.no. 167 datum. Folia supra nitida, subtus opaca, leviter glaucescentia, in nervo et venis pilis longiusculis laxis antrorsis munita: margine reflexo, longitudine bipollicari, latitudine 14 linearum, petiolo semipollicari. Calyx callis glandulosis nigris par iter infectus major, corolla minor quam in G. iZ6 as having "folia duplo minora vix pollicaria parte superiore obtusangula" ; his f. coZoKCUta. with "bracteae brunneae. Cap St. James"; his f. vZnZdZbKOLCXejOUta. as having "Bracteae virides. Cap St. James"; and his var. hy6tKZx "hat l1} — 3 Zoll. lange, oval lanzettliche, nicht stumpfeckig angedeutet gelappte Blatter und ist bei jetzt vorangsweise nur aus Garten be- kannt. " GmeZina plviZA.ppe.Mi6 is the type and only species in Briquet's Section B Ka.cte.06ae. Briq. , which he characterizes as having the "Bracteen sehr gross, netzig-adrig, coloriert". All other species of the genus are placed by him in Section UicK06tK0maXaz Briq. with the "Bracteen lanzettlich, ttfters schmal, anfailig". Hallier (1918) notes that G. phZZZppe.n6i6 "hat auf der Unterseite 168 PHYTOLOGIA Vol . 56, No. 3 des Blattes etwas entfernt vom Mittelnerven jederseits eine Reihe grflsserer Drttsen (ausser kleinen zerstreuten DrtisenkOpf chen) wie sie an gleicher Stelle auch bei Simarubaceen, Linaceen (Humirieen und AnCA.itKOcta.dui), Malpighiaceen, Polygalaceen (.Vtcttda.yith.CKa. und Xanthophyttum) , Chrysobalanaceen (Chrysobalaneen, TKtgontaitKum und Vtckapctatum) , Marcgraviaceen (auch T CtKamCKti ta) und Ebenaceen (Vt~ OipyKui- und Maba -arten) vorkommen. " Jafri & Ghafoor (pers. comm.) distinguish this species from the only other one known to them in Pakistan as follows: Spinose scandent shrub; leaves rhomboid-elliptic; petioles 2 — 2.5 cm. long; bracts large, foliaceous, petaloid . G. phtttppcniti Unarmed tree; leaves broadly ovate; petioles over 5 cm. long; bracts small, neither foliaceous nor petaloid . G. aKboKCa Hooker (1894) gives an interesting account of the early history of Gmcttna pktttppcniti , calling it "A very little known plant, of which the first published description is by the late S. Kurz, a firstrate Indian Botanist, and author of 'The Forest Flora of Burma', who was for some time an employe' in the Herbarium of the Botanic Garden of Buitenzorg (Batavia) , and latterly Curator of that of the Calcutta Gardens. Kurz's description of it is apparently made from specimens grown in the gardens of Bankok, Siam, and preserved in the Buitenzorg Herbarium; and as to the name and authority of Schult, he says, 'I found it attached to the plant in the Library of the Botan¬ ic Garden, Buitenzorg, but I am unable, at present, to give a refer¬ ence to the work in which it occurred'. The Kew Herbarium contains several specimens of it from Siam, collected by the late Sir R. Schomburgk, and the late Mr. Murton, when Superintendent of the Bo¬ tanic Gardens of Bankok, who says of it, 'apparently wild at Ban¬ kok'. There are also specimens sent from the Natal Botanic Garden as a Siam plant. On the other hand, there are undoubtedly indigen¬ ous specimens from the Philippine Islands, from Cuming (No. 1913), and from Vidal, collected in the Province of Laguna (No. 3439), and the latter author gives, in his edition of Blanco's 'Flora de Fili- pinas', several localities for it in the Archipelago. I think, therefore, it may be assumed that this beautiful plant has been in¬ troduced into Siam from the Philippines; and from Siam to India and Natal . "Plants of Gmcttna HyitKtx were sent to Kew from the gardens of H. H. the Gaekwar of Baroda, by Mr. Goldring, Superintendent of his Highness's gardens and plantations, who says of it, 'that it forms a sturdy shrub, and that the bracts there are higher coloured than those represented in the plate' [Curtis Bot. Mag. pi. 7381]. At Kew the plant is grown in the Water-Lily House, trained against the glass roof, where it has the habit of a Bougatnvtttca , and flowers freely." Actually, of course, the species was described much earlier than by Kurz in the work quoted by Hooker — in 1790 by Loureiro from Cochinchina, in 1832 by Chamisso from the Philippines, etc., albeit not under Schultes' epithet. Merrill (1935), in speaking of Loureiro's plant from Cochinchina, says: "Loureiro referred his material to Gmcttna aitattca Linn, with expressed doubt. His description conforms better with the charac- 1984 Moldenke, Notes on GmeUna 169 ters of GmelA.no. phJUppen6J6 Cham, than with G. (Uj.aXJ.ca Linn., and the former is well represented by Clement 3152 from near Loureiro's classical locality. Loureiro describes the bracts as red, but in the Philippine form they are always yellow." Corner (1952) differentiates this species from its close rela¬ tives as follows: Tree, not thorny; leaves over 3 inches long, with a long tip . G. aibofiea. Thorny bush or small tree; leaves 3 inches long or less. Leaves woolly-felted beneath; bracts green . G. eJUtA.ptA.ca. Leaves not woolly-felted. Bracts large, purplish, 1 — 1 3/4 inches long; leaves up to 3 inches long . G. pkJUppen^Ju . Not as above; leaves up to IS inches long, often 3-lobed . G. a6J.ouU.ca . Petelot (1953) records G. phJXJ.ppen6Jj> from central and southern Vietnam and Cambodia. Lopez-Palacios (1977) distinguishes the two species known in Ven¬ ezuela merely as follows: Erect tree . G. ofibooea Scandent shrub . G. pkJlA.ppen6J.6 Recent collectors report finding G. phJXA.ppen6J.6 growing in moist mixed forests and dense mixed forests with pines, in deciduous and open grassy forests, in forests and scrub in general, in thickets and ricefields, in clay soil of open forests, and sprawling over limestone rocks, at 4 — 1000 m. altitude, in flower in every month of the year, and in fruit in January, March to May, July, and November. Erlanson describes it as "a large tree" (perhaps it was growing over or on a large tree?) . The chromosomes are described by Sharma & Mukhopadhyay (1963) and the pollen by Nair & Rehman (1962) on the basis of NaX. Bot. Good. Lucknow 3566, 6tJ.de 2695. The species is said by Preston (1969) to have been introduced into cultivation in England from the "E. Indies" in 1894. Obviously, from Hooker's comments in that year, it was cultivated long before that elsewhere (Thailand, Natal) . The corollas are almost uniformly described by collectors (on at least 15 of the collections cited below) aS "yellow", but are said to have been "canary-yellow" on BJegel 5461, "golden-yellow" on HcUUtleH C.124 & Cl 24a, "bright-yellow" on SquJ.fie6 920, and "yellow and red" on EfitanAOn 5333. The large, very conspicuous, overlapping bracts in the hop-like, drooping inflorescences are apparently very variable in color, having been described by collectors as "yellow", "red", "maroon", "purple", "brownish", "green or brownish-red", "light-brown with mauve margins", "reddish-purple and green", "brown, red-striped", and "green out¬ side, reddish inside". According to Merrill the Philippine plants have them "always yellow" and so that should probably be regarded as the typical wild form's color. Loureiro found them red in Cochin- china; Kuntze found both brown ones and green ones in South Vietnam and implies that the other colors occur only in cultivated material in Europe and elsewhere. Jafri & Ghafoor (pers. comm.) lists G. phJXXppen6J.6 as "Sometimes 170 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 3 cultivated in our gardens (in Pakistan) as an ornamental for its beautiful, paniculate cymes", flowering there from April to Novem¬ ber. Kurz (1870) lists it as cultivated in Thailand. Williams (1949) reports it cultivated in Zanzibar, "introduced from East In¬ dies", where it is "somewhat scandent" in habit. Corner (1952) describes the flowers as 2 inches long, "partly concealed by the large speckled purplish bracts: the inflorescences [are] like soft purplish cones", recording the species from Perlis, Kedah, and Kelantan in Malaya, without indication if native or cul¬ tivated only in those areas. Maheshwari (1963) asserts that the species is planted "in the hedgerows of public and private gardens and parks" in Delhi, India, where it flowers from April to August. He cites fjahzA hioari 653 and distinguishes it from the only other species known (to him) in the area as follows: Unarmed, small tree; bracts small . G. un.bon.Qja. Spiny shrubs; bracts large, colored . G. pfrxXtppe.n-6.c6 Sen & Naskar (1965) also report it as cultivated in India, where Bose (1965) describes it as very guick growing and therefore needing constant severe pruning. Gledhill (1962) reports it cultivated in Sierra Leone. Tingle (1967) found it in cultivation in Hong Kong, listing a vernacular name in Chinese characters; Sasaki (1928) and Hsiao (1980) report it cultivated in Taiwan, the latter author pro¬ viding another vernacular name in Chinese characters. Bailey (1935) lists it as available to the world horticultural trade from Taihoku and Singapore suppliers. Fernandez^Villar (1880) comments that he personally observed the species growing in Panay, presumably in the wild state. Cooke (1905) regarded the species as native in Thailand as well as in the Philip¬ pines, and, judging from the numerous collections from forested areas in that country, this seems entirely possible, in which case the natural indigenous distribution may well be from Thailand, through Indochina and Malaya, to the Philippines, as some writers have suggested (but others have disputed) . Bentham (1876) cites only unnumbered Teijsmann and Schomburgk collections from Thailand and Cuming 1913 from the Philippines; Vi¬ dal (1885) cites only the same Cuming 1913. Williams (1905) cites M unXon 33, Schomburgk 197 & 331, Tej.jAma.nn 5946 and Z immzn.ma.nn 71 from cultivation in Thailand, as well as a preserved specimen of flowers and fruit in alcohol in the Kew Garden Museum No. 1. Murton claims that "I have seen this [plant] in places about Bankok appar¬ ently wild". Brandis (1906) lists the species from Tenasserim [Burma] , Thailand, and the Philippines. Brown and his associates (1917) record it from Volcano Island in the Philippines. Hallier (1918) cites Iimmzn.ma.nn 71 from Thailand, Hatlizn. C.124a from Singapore (cultivated) and C.124 from Java (cultivated, the plant said to have come originally from Banka) , and EZmzn. 8934, HalLizn. 4295, and LiiZizA 16 from Luzon island in the Philippines. He describes the plant as "hclufig in der Buschsteppe" on Luzon. Bakhuizen (1921) gives its range as Thailand, Tenasserim, Cochin- china, and the Philippines, citing only Tzijimann 5946 and limmZK- 1984 Moldenke, Notes on Gmelina. 171 mann 71 from Thailand and BaHneA 362 from the Philippines. Merrill (1923) asserts that it is common and probably endemic in thickets and secondary forests at low and medium altitudes on at least Luzon and Panay, Philippine Islands. Fletcher (1938) cites from Thailand: Ktnfi 5724, 10704, 12293, 15067, & A.n., Mancan 847, UunXon 33, PuX 1319, R abil 145, SchombuHgk 197 & 331, TeijAmann 6946 [which he re¬ gards as the type collection of G. hyAtHix Schult.], VanpHuk 461 & 714, ItliniX 412 & 1653, and limme.Hma.nn 71. He lists it also, without citation of confirming specimens, from Tenasserim, Indochina, and Malaya. Ldpez-Palacios (1977) cites AniAteguieXa 5396 & 6590 and Lope z- PalacioA 2669 from cultivation in Venezuela. Lasser and his asso¬ ciates (1974) also list the species as cultivated in Venezuela. It is worth noting here that the GilliA 9799, cited below, was taken from a plant grown from seed collected in Panama [presumably from cultivated material there] by B. Maguire. SquiHeA 920 exhibits one branch with all entire leaves and another branch with all 3- lobed leaves; HeHb. BeHnkaHdi A.n. exemplifies the very small-leaved 3-lobed form, while Kienholz 269 illustrates very well the formation of short sharp terminal spines at the tips of small branchlets or twigs. Numerous bibliographic errors occur in the literature — for in¬ stance, the Fernandez-Villar (1880) reference in the bibliography (above) is sometimes incorrectly cited as ”1918"; Merrill (1923) mis¬ dates the Walpers (1845) reference as "1844"; Ldpez-Palacios (1974, 1975) mis-dates the Chamisso (1832) reference as "1839" and (1974) cites Waliich 6317 as "6313" ahd mis^dates the work (1832) as "1822". Material of G. philippenAiA has been misidentif ied and distribu¬ ted in some herbaria as "Gmelina anbonea L.", G. aAiaXica L., G. OAiaXica var. typica H. J. Lam, and even as AcanXhaceae. On the other hand, the SuliX, Philip. Nett. Henb. 11741, distributed as typical G. phillipenAiA, is actually the type collection of its f. tHanAiXonia Mold., while Peele 1389 is G. OAiaXica l., Niyomdham & oJL. 241 and PieHce P.280 are G. elliptica. J. E. Sm. , and Copeland 346 and MeaAnA 170 are G. elliptica f. lobaXa (Gaertn.) Mold. Citations: INDIA: Kerala: EnlanAOn 5333 (Mi, N) . Tamil Nadu: KuHiakoAe A.n. [Veli, 24-1-33] (N) . THAILAND: KeJlH 4647a (Ed), 6223a (Ed); LaHAen, SanXiAuk, t Wanncke 1918 (Ac); SuHapaX 357 (w — 2450882); ZimmeHmann 70 (Br), 71 (B, B, Br, Bz — 21062, Mu — 3943, W— 595071) . VIETNAM: Annam: ClemenA i ClemenA 3152 (Ca— 340583, N, W— 1427363); C. B. R obinAOn 1344 (N) ; Squoine A 920 (Bz— 21063, Mu, N, S, W — 1702762). Cochinchina: Kuntze 3928 (N, N) ; TkoHeZ 60 (B ) . PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Luzon: BaJUnXay , PkiZip. Nat. Henb. 5629 (Mi); P. T. 8 annex, Henb. PhiZip. Buh. F oh. 362 (bz — 21055, n, w — 851035); H. H. BanXleXX 14557 (Mi), 14697 (Mi, n) , 14723 (Mi), 15296 (Mi); T. E. Bonden,. Henb. PkiZip. F oh. Buh. 1780 (n, w — 1091554),- E. B. Cope¬ land 346 (N) ; Elmen 8934 (Bz— 21057, N, W— 854813) , 18278 (Bz— 21054, Ca— 27077, Du— 175657, N, S, Urn— 162, Ut— 67295, W— 1237692) ; R. B. Fox, Philip. UaX. Henb. 4886 (Mi); F. W. Fox.mHthy, Henb. Philip. Buh. Sd. 112 (Bz— 21058, Gg— 31096, W— 626867) , 1564 (N, W— 627262); Kienholz 269 (Ur); Leie 333 (Ca— 365698) ; LokeH 4426 (W— 446873); E. V. MeHHiUL 1690 (W— 436641) , 2932 (W— 437904) , 75 64 172 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 3 (Gg— 31098, S, W— 901875) , Sp. Blanc. 7 22 (Bz— 21056, N, W— 903797) ; Otan&s, Henb. Phtttp. Bun.. Set. 17708 (Bi, w — 1238490); Quezon 8394 (Mi); Qutsumbtng 27 6 7 (Ok — 17317); M. Ramos 338 (Mu — 4198, ut — 22252, w — 1133036); Santa Manta 8413 (Mi); l/anovenbengh 4036 (vi) ; H. M. wkttfiond 395 (N, w— 851580) ; R. S. WUltamS 7 96 (N, w— 706859) . GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Sarawak: Cl&m&nS & Cl&m&nS 21089 [field no. 5414] (Bz— 21048, Bz— 21049, N) . CULTIVATED: Florida: GIUU.S 9799 [Fairchild Gard. 69-388] (Ft— 8763) . Guyana: V. Fatnckttd 2969 (W — 1626026). Hong Kong: Chan 1131 (Mi). India: H&nb. Roy. Bot. Gand. B angalone s.n. [April 1887] (Pd), s.n. [April 1889] (Pd); Koelz 8104 (Ba) ; Mayday 123 (Ba) . Java: Back&n 34140 (Bz — 21053); CoULlCton undetenmtncd s.n. (Bz — 25577); Henb. Bot. Bogon. X.F.17 (Bz — 21050, Bz— 21052, Bz— 25584), XI/. F. 8 (Bz— 26302, Bz— 26303, Bz, Bz, N) , XI/. F .8a (Bz— 26304, N) , S.n. [Febr. 1910] (Bz — 21051), S.n. (Bz— 21059, Bz — 21060). Kenya: Moldcnke i Moldenke. 26078 (Ld) . Martini¬ que: VuSS 4766 (N) . Netherlands: MtnnCga 34 5 (Ba) . Pakistan: Qu- nesht S.n. [8.11.1961] (Kh) . Pennsylvania: PetenSCn J.2507 (Ba — 373301). Saint Vincent: Hotvand & Hoooand 18054 (N) . Singapore: Nun S.n. [11 June 1924] (Ba, N) . Sri Lanka: Moldcnkc, Moldenke, & Jaya- Suntya 28140 [ E . 29 ] (Ac, Gz, Ld, Pd, W — 2764415). Thailand: TetjS- mann 5946 (Bz — 21061). Tobago: L. M. A ndneuiS 3-81 (N) . Trinidad: Bhonat B.591 (N) . Venezuela: Antstcguteta 5396 (Ld) ; Ldp&z-Patac- tos 2669 (Ac, Mu). Zimbabwe: Btcgel 5461 (Ba— 390301) . LOCALITY OF COLLECTION UNDETERMINED: Henb . Bennkandt S.n. [Caltern, 22. Febr.] (e— 118648) Henb. Tonney s .n. [Turon] (c, t) . mounted illustra¬ tions: Corner & Watanabe, Illust. Guide Trop. PI. 761. 1969 (Ld) ; Hooker, Curtis Bot. Mag. 120 [ser. 3, 50]: pi. 7391. 1894 (Ld, N) ; Menninger, Flow. Vines pi. 194. 1970 (Ld) ; Mold., color slide 179 (Ld) ; Source undetermined, fig. 8627 (N) . GMELINA PHI LIPPENSIS f. COLORATA (Kuntze) Mold., Phytologia 55: 234. 1984. Synonymy -.Gmeltna fitnslaysontana var. stlvestnts f. colonata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pi. 2: 507. 1891. Bibliography: Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 507. 1891; Mold., Phyto¬ logia 55: 234. 1984. This form is based on an unnumbered Kuntze collection from Cape St. James in Cochinchina, South Vietnam. I regard it as including the plants whose bracts, when fresh, are maroon, purplish, reddish- purple, or purple to red or brownish-red. G MELINA PHILIPPENSIS f. TRANSITORIA Mold., Phytologia 18: 210. 1969. Bibliography: Mold., Biol. Abstr. 50: 7999. 1969; Mold., Rdsum^ Suppl. 18: 7. 1969; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A. 18: 444. 1971; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 317 (1971) and 2: 880. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 308 & 549. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 55: 333. 1984. This form differs from the typical form of the species in having the lower surface of the leaf -blades conspicuously brownish-pilose, the hairs straight (or almost so) and simple, not twisted nor tomen- tose-matted, found all over the lower surface of the lamina as well as on the venation. The type of the form was collected by M. D. Sulit (Pktltp. Nat. 1984 Moldenke, Notes on GmuJLLmi 173 He^ib. 11741) on Guimaras island, Philippine Islands, in February or March, 1950, and is deposited in the United States National Her¬ barium in Washington. It was originally distributed by E. D. Mer¬ rill as typical G. ptvLLipp&nA'Ci Cham., which, however, has the lower leaf-surface glabrous, subglabrous, or with hairs only on the largest veins. The present plant has definitely pubescent twigs and con¬ spicuously spiny branches. It seems in many ways intermediate be¬ tween G. pkiZA.pptni>i6 Cham, and G. zJLLLp&Lca. J. E. Sm. and may even represent a natural hybrid between them. Thus far it is known only from the original collection. Citations: PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Guimaras: SuJUX, PhiLLp . HaX. HeTib. 11741 (Ld — isotype, W — 2125718 — type). GMEL1NA PH1LJPPENSIS f. I/IRIPI8RACTEATA (Kuntze) Mold., Phytologia 55: 234. 1984. Synonymy: GmnLLna. fiZnA-tat/Aoniana var. AZJbJtAtKZA f. vZnxdibn.ac- £ Bentham commun en Chine, dans le Kwang tung et a Hongkong. Les deux es¬ peces ont des feuilles identiques, mais le port et les caractlres floraux les distinguent aisement. G. Lo.COmioJ.- Arbe de 10 a 15 m. Glandes calicinales, trfes nombreuses et petites. Corolle a 5 lobes. G. chinenAiA : Arbuste de 2 — 3 m. Glandes calicinales 1 — 3 tres larges. Corolle a 4 lobes. 1984 Moldenke, Notes on GmeZZna 175 "La distribution dui G. Le.COr.UeA. est la suivante: au Tonkin, cette essence a ^te r^colt^e par Lecomte et Finet de Chapa cl Muong Xen, par Balansa, au Mont Bavi pres Lang Kok, par Petelot k Chogang, par H. Bon a Tren thon, par Fleury (in herb. Chevalier) k Phu tho, re¬ serve de Trung Giap, par A. Chevalier k Tuyen Quang, reserve de Hui- la; et Annan au Mont Bani par Clemens, A Lien Chien, a Tourane et a Bana par Poilane; au Laos a Phon thane par Sire . Depuis la redac¬ tion de cette note de nouveaux et nombreus echantillons regus par le Museum m'ont montre qu'il existait entre ces deux especes tous les intermediaires et qu'il y avait lieu de r4duire la deuxieme espkce au rang de vari^t4 dont la synonymie s'^tablira ainsi". Merrill (1935) mistakenly reduces G. haZnanenAiA Oliv. and G. baZanAae Dop to G. KacemoAa, commenting: "Loureiro's description definitely applies to GmeZZna and to a species in the group with G. chZnenAiA Benth., G. haZnanenAiA oliv., g. baZanAae Dop and G. Ze- COmteZ Dop. Among these it agrees best with the characters of G. haZnanenAiA Oliv., from which I do not think that G. baZanAae Dop can be distinguished. GmeZZna haZnanenAiA Oliv. was most casually and inadequately described by Oliver in the discussion following a descrip¬ tion of G. chinenAiA Benth . CZemen A 3980 from Mount Bana, near Tourane . probably represents Loureiro's species." Recent collectors have found G. KacemOAa in flower from May to July and in fruit in July. The corollas are described as having been a "beautiful soft yellow with purple" on the Clemens collec¬ tion. Vernacular names recorded for the species are "cay tlai", "cay tre", "loi tho", "mak phong", "ntoo nvshaub", "shek tzi shu", and "song tsio". Vidal & Lemoine (1970) refer to G. AacejnOAa as a tree of high dense forests, citing LemoZne 177 & 1968 and Vang Ta'Z 77 from Laos. Material of G. AacemOAa has been misidentif ied and distributed in some herbaria as G. baZanAae Dop or G. "chinenAi- A L." On the other hand, the PeteZot 1941, distributed as G. KacemOAa, actually is G. baZanAae Dop, while Chun i Tao 43542, Fung 20370, GfieAAitt 1077, How 70453, 70801, & 71643, Lau 75 & 3664, M cCZune 9281, and Wang 32777 are G. haZnanenAiA oliv. Citations: VIETNAM: Annam: CZemenA & CZemenA 3980 (Ca — 339429, Gg— 156305, Gg— 156306, Ln— 69972, N, Ut— 99961, W— 1427778, W — 1427779) ; Lecomte & Finet 421 (Ca— 53723). Tonkin: PeteZot 194Z (W— 1759241, W— 1717113). GMELINA SESSILIS White & Francis ex Lane-Poole, Rep. For. Resources Terr. Papua N. Guin. 136. 1925; Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensl. 38: 257—258, fig. 18- 1927. Bibliography: Lane-Poole, Rep. For. Resources Terr. Papua N. Guin. 136. 1925; White & Francis, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensl. 38: 257 — 258, fig. 18. 1927; A. W. Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 7: 104 (1929) and 8: 102. 1933; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib., Ver- benac., ed. 1, 67, 69, & 93 (1942) and ed. 2, 149, 153, & 186. 1949; Mold., Re’sume' 201 & 456. 1959; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 337 (1971) and 2: 880. 1971; Mold., Phytologia 31: 390 & 398. 1975; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 327, 408, & 549. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 55: 176 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 3 334. 1984. Illustrations: White & Francis, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensl. 38: 258, fig. 18. 1927. A large tree, to 34 m. tall; bole to 21 m. long, with a girth of 2.4 m. , more or less buttressed to 2.4 m. ; branchlets densely fer¬ ruginous-pubescent, sulcate, 5 mm. in diameter about 10 cm. below the inflorescence; leaves decussate-opposite; petioles 2 — 3 cm. long, concave above, convex beneath, densely pubescent; leaf-blades cori¬ aceous, ovate-orbicular, 12 — 22 cm. long and about equally wide, but the narrow ones times as long as wide, apically obtuse or rarely obtusely acuminate, marginally broadly sinuate or entire, basally cordate or rounded, sparsely pubescent above, densely pubescent be¬ neath and with 1 — 3 glands at the base on each side of the midrib; secondaries 7 — 9 on each side, along with the veinlets conspicuous on both surfaces, impressed above and elevated beneath; inflorescence terminal, spiciform, narrow, 10 — 12 cm. long, 4 cm. wide, basally foliose; cymules opposite or whorled, considerably separated in the lower portions of the inflorescence, dense in the upper portion; exterior bracts foliaceous, large, concave, ovate, axially glab¬ rous, abaxially densely pubescent and dotted with black glabrous glands; interior bracts similar but smaller; bractlets ovate-lanceo¬ late, about 7 mm. long, abaxially densely pubescent; calyx campanu- late, externally ferruginous-pubescent and dotted with small glab¬ rous glands, internally glabrous, obscurely bilabiate or the rim sin¬ uate to 3- or 4-lobate, the lobes broad; corolla about 1.7 cm. long, the exterior of the tube basally glabrous, apically densely pubes¬ cent, about 1 cm. long, the limb bilabiate, the upper lip 2-lobed, the lower lip 3-lobed; filaments 7 and 9 cm. long, pubescent; an¬ thers basally cordate, 1.5 cm. long, 1 mm. wide, dorsifixed near the apex; style 1--6 cm. long, apically recurved; ovary obovoid, ex¬ ternally glabrous, apically depressed around the style-base. This species is based on Lane-PooLe 303 from Baroi, Papua, New Guinea. White (1927) comments that it is "Allied to G. VaXtiympte.- ana (F. v. M.) H. J. Lam and to G. maCAopkyZZa Wall. From the lat¬ ter it differs in its narrow inflorescence, and from the former in its dense inflorescence." It has been collected in flower in March. Fedde & Schuster (1937) mis-cite this species to volume "39" of the Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland, published in 1928v instead of to volume 38 (1927). Citations: NEW GUINEA: Papua: LanZ-Poote 303 (BZ--21333 — iso¬ type, Ld — photo of isotype, N — photo of isotype) . Territory of New Guinea: ColXecXoH. undeXeH.mA.ne.ci N.G. P. 2005 (Ng — 6599, Ng — 16897, Ng) . GMEL1NA SESSJL1S var. PAPUANA (Bakh.) Mold., Phytologia 4: 178. 1953. Synonymy: GmeXA.na papuana Bakh., Journ. Arnold Arb. 10: 71--72, pi. 16 & 17. 1929. GmeJLLm. papuana Scheff. ex Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 2, 186 sphalm. 1949. Bibliography: Nieuwenhuis, Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 21: pi. 26. 1907; Bakh., Journ. Arnold Arb. 10: 68/69 & 71 — 72, pi. 16 & 17. 1929; Bakh. in C. T. White, Journ. Arnold Arb. 10: 264. 1929; A. W. 1984 Moldenke, Notes on Gme^cna 177 Hill, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 8: 102. 1933; Wangerin, Justs Bot. Jahresber. 57 (1): 696. 1937; Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 57 (2): 401. 1938; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 67 & 93 (1942) and ed. 2, 149 & 186. 1949; Mold., Biol. Abstr. 27: 2026. 1953; Mold., Phytologia 4: 178. 1953; Mold., Resume 201 & 456. 1959; Whitmore, Gard. Bull. Singapore 32: 20. 1967; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 337 (1971) and 2: 880. 1971; Altschul, Drugs Foods 247. 1973; Mold., Phytologia 25: 233 (1973) and 31: 390 & 398. 1975; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 327, 408, & 549. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 55: 339. 1984. Illustrations: Nieuwenhuis, Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 21: pi. 26. 1907; Bakh., Journ. Arnold Arb. 10: 68/69 & 71/72, pi. 16 & 17. 1929. A medium-sized, slender tree, to 25 m. tall, the clear bole to 13 m. high, obscurely angular, not buttressed, to 45 cm. in diame¬ ter at breast height, the bark about 12 mm. thick; outer bark pale- brown, longitudinally fissured and tending to form scales, with a few, large, coarse, pustular lenticels present, about 4 mm. thick; inner bark with alternating yellow and white layers; wood very soft, the sapwood 5 — 7.5 cm. thick, pale-straw, the heartwood pinkish- brown; branchlets thick, obtusely tetragonal, sparsely lenticellate, the youngest ones densely tomentose, eventually glabrescent; leaves decussate-opposite; petioles semi-terete, 2--4 cm. long, slightly canaliculate above, at first densely tomentellous, eventually gla¬ brescent; leaf-blades large, coriaceous, obovate-subrotund, 10--17 cm. long, 9--16 cm. wide, shiny dark-green and glabrous above, much paler beneath, apically rounded, marginally entire or irregularly repand, basally cuneate to short-acuminate and subdecurrent or sub- obtuse, sparsely puberulent especially on the venation beneath, basally with 2 rather large glands which are concave beneath and bullate above, penninerved but basally subplinerved; midrib impressed and glabrous above, prominent and short-puberulent beneath; secon¬ daries 5 — 9 per side, ascending, marginally anastomosing, impressed and glabrous above, prominent and sparsely puberulent beneath, the basal ones much longer than the others, giving rise on the outer side to pinnate veinlets; veinlet reticulation dense, prominent be¬ neath; inflorescence terminal, conspicuous, pyramidal, pedunculate, bracteate, about 15 cm. long and 10--12 cm. wide, densely hirsute- tomentellous throughout, the lower portion branched, the 7--9 oppo¬ site branches long-stalked; peduncle and rachis depressed-quadrangu¬ lar, 2.5 — 3.5 cm. long; flowers conspicuous, sessile, 3 — 5-fascicu- late in the axils of bracts; bracts sessile, ovate-oblong or subro¬ tund, concave, 5 — 7 mm. long, about 5 mm. wide, internally (axially) glabrous, externally (abaxially) tomentellous; calyx cupuliform, about 5 mm. long (in bud) , externally densely villous and with 2 — 4 small discoid glands, internally glabrous and rather shiny, sub¬ truncate, the rim unequally and obtusely 5-dentate, not much en¬ larged in fruit; open corolla not seen, but in bud externally densely villous, internally partially pubescent; stamens 4, didynamous; ovary oval, sessile, externally pubescent but soon glabrescent; fruit drupaceous, subglobose, fleshy, 2.5 — 3 cm. wide, apically de¬ pressed, glabrous, shiny, blue when mature, the endocarp thickly woody . 178 PHYTOLOGIA Vol . 56, No. 3 This variety is based on BKCLA& 69 5 from a riverine forest, at 1000 feet altitude, at Iawarere, Papua, New Guinea, collected on No¬ vember 25, 1925, and deposited in the Herbarium Bogoriense at Bui- tenzorg, Java. Bakhuizen (1929) reports that the fruit of this plant is eaten by cassowaries and that the taxon "is closely related to GmoJA.no. moZuCCO.no. (Bl.) Backer, from which it differs in its ses¬ sile cymes, globose fruits and rounded leaves with shortly acumin¬ ate, subdecurrent base". Smith collected what appears to be this plant in an oak forest on ridges at 1500 feet altitude, reporting the vernacular name, "along-aya". The variety has been collected in fruit in November. Citations: NEW GUINEA: Papua: 8404-4 69 5 (BZ--21325 — type, Bz — 21326 — isotype, Bz — 25583 — isotype, Ld — photo of type, N — photo of type); L. S. Smith 1345 (Ng— 6595) . MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Bakh. , Journ. Arnold Arb. 10: pi. 16 & 17. 1929 (Ld, N) ; Nieuwenhuis, Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 21: pi. 26. 1907 (Ld) . GMEEINA SESS1LIS f. RAMIFLORA (Mold.) Mold., stat. nov. Synonymy: GmcZJna 4e.4-6.cEt4 var. n.amtfcton.0. Mold., Phytologia 4: 178—179. 1953. Bibliography: Mold., Biol. Abstr. 27: 2026. 1953; Mold., Phyto¬ logia 4: 178 — 179. 1953; Mold., Resume 201 & 456. 1959; Whitmore, Gard. Bull. Singapore 32: 20. 1967; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 337 (1971) and 2: 880. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 327 & 549. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 55: 334. 1984. This form differs from the typical form of the species in having conspicuously branched inflorescences, the branches 3 — 4.5 cm. long, the individual flowers on stout pubescent pedicels about 2 mm. long, conspicuously bracteate. The form is based on EbCAtuA UcJj&H. P^.0.0.6 371 from Bernhard Bivak, Hollandia, West Irian, New Guinea, collected on July 26, 1938, and deposited in the Herbarium Bogoriense at Buitenzorg, Java. Collectors describe this plant as a large tree, to 140 feet tall, the crown narrow, dark, leafy, the clear bole to 80 feet high, narrowly buttressed and channeled to 5 feet up, 40--90 cm. in diameter at the base, the bark 1.5 cm. thick, the outer bark gray-brown, very slightly longitudinally fissured, otherwise fairly smooth, the inner bark pale yellow-brown tinged with green beneath the fissures on the back, pale-brown flecks on a cream background within, rapidly stain¬ ing pinkish-brown on exposure, the sapwood 7.5--10 cm. deep, whitish, the heartwood very pale yellow-brown, the leaves rather thick, dull dark-green above, pale brownish-hairy beneath, with a few, small, flat glands present on the under surface near the apex of the peti¬ ole, the inflorescence dark brown-hairy (including the outside of the corolla in bud) , the corolla pale-purple or pale-blue and whit¬ ish, with a yellow streak down the center of the lower lip, the ma¬ ture fruit bluish, subglobular, about 2.5 cm. in diameter, apically flattened when immature. The plant has been collected at 1400 m. altitude, growing as a canopy rainforest tree, in fruit in February, but was encountered by Smith at only 25 m. altitude. The vernacular name, "kalo", has been reported for it on Anting 53, a collection, however, which is sterile, 1984 Moldenke, Notes on GmcZZna 179 exhibiting only leaves. That this plant may represent only a form, rather than a true variety, of G. 6C&6ZZZ& seems to be indicated by Whitmore's asser¬ tion (1967) that "The difference between G. 6C&6ZZZA and G. moZuC- cono is slight and not absolute; for instance the Lae sheet of NGF 10883 has simple spikes, and the Leiden sheet [has] branching ones, and both sheets have big foliaceous bracts partially enclosing the flower". He differentiates the 3 taxa as follows: Leaf-blades densely velvety-hairy beneath, without conspicuous glands; inflorescence axes stout. Flowers sessile, partially covered by large triangular bracts a- bout 12 mm. long; inflorescence a simple spike... G. 6C6&ZZZ& . Flowers stalked, not covered; bracts smaller, lanceolate; inflor¬ escence usually branched, paniculate . G. moZucca.no. . Leaf-blades glabrous and shiny beneath, with a pair of conspicuous glands at the base of the midrib; inflorescence axes slen¬ der . G. daZKympZca.na . Citations: NEW GUINEA: Territory of New Guinea: SckZcchZCK 16441 (S) ; L. S. SmZXh 1221 (Ng — 6600, Ng) . West Irian: Anong 53 [Bosch- proefst. bb. 28955] (Bz— 21311) ; BKCU6 12751 (A); McZjZfl VfiCCA 371 [Boschproef st. bb. 25693] (Bz — 21332 — type, Ld — photo of type, N— isotype, N — photo of type) . GMELINA SINUATA Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. 2: 128. 1822. Synonymy: GmcZZno iZnaoJo Hort. ex Jacks, in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew. , imp. 1, 1: 1040. 1893. GmcZZno AZnuoZo Herrench. ex Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names Suppl. 1: 10 in syn. 1947. Bibliography: Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. 2: 128. 1822; Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 1, 323 (1826) and ed. 2, 417. 1830; G. Don in Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 551. 1839; Schau. in A. DC., Prodr. 11: 680. 1847; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 200. 1858; Jacks, in Hook, f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 1: 1040 (1893) and imp. 2, 1: 1040. 1946; Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names 10. 1947; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 2, 127, 160, & 186. 1949; Mold.,R^sum^ 163, 218, 297, & 456. 1959; Jacks, in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 3, 1: 1040. 1960; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 276 & 363 (1971) and 2: 524 & 880. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 263, 354, & 549. 1980; Mold. Phytologia 55: 335 & 471. 1984. Link’s (1822) original description of this taxon is merely "Gm. iinuaXa. Hort. Herrenh. Hab . C. Folia juniore acute angu- lata subtus glabra rotundata". The type, obviously, was from a cultivated plant, probably deposited in the Berlin herbarium and now destroyed. Jackson (1893) gives the origin of this plant as "Ind. or.?" [=eastern India] , but Sweet (1830) and Loudon (1832) assert without question that it was introduced from "E. Indies" [East Indies, now Indonesia] into British gardens in 1824. The only common name listed for it is "sinuated gmelina". The Munich specimen, cited below, was probably taken from a cut¬ ting of the type plant in Berlin — it is sterile, exhibiting only what appears to be a very young shoot or seedling sprout, whose leaves are not sinuate but very coarsely dentate with 2 or 3 very ir 180 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 3 regular, almost lobe-like, triangular teeth on each side [reminis¬ cent of Link's descriptive "acute angulata"], with apparently a detached older leaf which _is actually sinuate-margined. The toothed material is a perfect match for seedling material of GmzJLim mm" in 2 volumes of 6 parts, 1945--1959. There will surely be times when entomologists are nomenclaturally interested in spiders affecting certain insects and when botanists and research agriculturalists are interested in correctly naming the spiders at work on insects which are at work on plants. This book can, therefore, be of help to more than the arachnologist. Many knowing and known taxonomists in this end other fields of the world's biota will be pleased with the author's remarks on taxonomic publications in terms of names, descriptions, language and the great value of illustrations of defin¬ itive parts. Synonomy, geographic distribution and their litera¬ ture sources are reported if not already included in Roewer and in Bonnet. All is well organized and clearly printed. Perhaps a more compacted format would have made a lower price possible. 1984 Moldenke, Book reviews 189 "THE BIOLOGY OF NECTARIES" by Barbara Bentley and Thomas Elias, 336 pp. , 28 tab., 51 fig. & 14 b/w photo. Columbia University Press, New York, N. Y. 10025. 1983. $33.50. This interesting collection of papers had "its conception at the AIBS symposium in 1977"; its author - editors promise "continuing research with equal fascination". There are papers on the ultra¬ structure of both floral and extrafloral nectaries illustrated with clear SEM photographs, the interesting patterns of nectar production and plant-pollinator coevolution, the structure and distribution of extrafloral nectaries with systematic charts of their appearances, the ecology of nectar robbing by some species of birds, bees and ants through "short-cut" holes bitten near the bases of long corolla- tubes or perianth parts avoiding anthers and stigmas. This last item and the contents of nectar are of great importance in the tropics where a very large proportion of both natural vegetation and cultivated crops are often self-incompatible and depend on insects as pollen vectors. Noted for correction in future editions of the book are CZe.tiod.&ndfiLum being the presently accepted correct spelling of the generic name, with C. buchanani as the correct name for the spe¬ cific taxon mentioned and with C. phAJLipp-inixm as the correct name for what the author refer to as C. ^fiagfiCLn^ . All ’n all, this is a worthwhile publication of interest to many kinds of biologists at many levels of training and skill. "COSTA RICAN NATURAL HISTORY" edited by Daniel H. Janzen with 174 contributors, xi & 816 pp. , 12 color photo. , 531 b/w photo. , 67 fig., 48 tab. & 26 maps. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois 60637. 1983. $50.00 clothbound & $30.00 paperbound. This is a needed and hopefully much to be appreciated presenta¬ tion that may/could be followed by subsequent volumes with ecologi¬ cally and systematically oriented studies of other Costa Rican natur¬ al history wonders. This book is copiously illustrated mainly from photographs taken by the editor-author Janzen but unfortunately some of the printing is so dark that only those who already know what is depicted can recognize it. There are individually authored papers on early field biology explorations and museum startings, climate, geology, soils, agriculture past and present, plants, reptiles, am¬ phibians, birds, mammals and insects. Several of these papers are particularly well done and helped me enjoy revisiting the area after three and a half decades. For advanced students and visitors study¬ ing at the Organization for Tropical Studies Research Station this new book will remind them of the "Book" put out by that institution and long unavailable. Could not Volume II of this new publication revise, modernize and amplify this "Book", omitting any duplications and adding some other pertinent material? I have been wondering ever since reading on p. 4 about the statement that the famous Henri Pittier was "determined, indefatigable, tyrannical". The first two of these qualities of character he had to have had along with 190 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 3 brilliant competency to accomplish all that he did. We only knew him personally in Venezuela and in New York in his later years. Tyrannical then? No! Just wonderful! "McGRAW-HILL DICTIONARY OF EARTH SCIENCES" edited by Sybil P. Parker & Staff, vi & 837 pp. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, N. Y. 10020. 1984. $32.50. "The terms selected for this Dictionary are, in the opinion of the editors, fundamental to understanding the earth sciences. Many definitions were drawn from the "McGRAW-HILL DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TERMS" (3rd ed. , 1984) [and appreciatively reviewed recently in PHYTOLOGIA] and others were written especially for this work. Synonyms, acronyms, and abbreviations are given along with the definitions; they are also listed in the alphabetical sequence as cross-references to the defining term". There are more than 15,000 terms defined in one or more ways as needed for each of the follow¬ ing earth-related sciences: geology, oceanography, crystallography, petroleum and mining engineering, geochemistry, hydrology, petrology, mineralogy, climatology, geodesy, geophysics, paleobotany, paleonto¬ logy and geography. The book is carefully prepared in content and is printed in type that is readily readable by the many students, instructors and technicians in these fields who would need it. "DR. JOS^ DE JESUS JIMENEZ ALMONTE - Una Vida Dedicada a la Ci^nsia" by Jose de Jesus Jimenez Olavarrieta, 368 pp. & 87 b/w photo. Taller Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic; available from the author at Maximo Gomez 34, Santiago, Dominican Republic. 1984. $15.00 plus $1 airmail. This is an appreciative, loving and scientifically valuable ac¬ count of the full lifetime accomplishments of this fine human being as a beloved family man, leading citizen, outstanding medical doctor and leader in hospital improvement, capable and gracious botanist known and admired by many others in this profession. In his life¬ time he received many well earned certificates of merit as shown in the photographs reproduced in this book, which includes also some of him in the field with his ever-present vasculum. In the author's (himself a M.D.) accompanying letter he states "I summarize the history of Botany in the Dominican Republic, part of the history of Medicine in Santiago and, of course, my father's life", 1905 — 1983. Here is hoping that many more than family, friends, medicos and botanists will have the pleasure of reading this fine tribute by his son. "A FIELD GUIDE TO BIRDS OF THE USSR - Including Eastern Europe and Central Asia" by V. E. Flint, R. L. Boehme, Y. V. Kostin & A. A. Kuznetsov, translated by Natalia Bourso-Leland, xxxi & 354 pp. , 48 color pi. of 728 species, 71 b/w line-draw. & 303 maps. 1984 Moldenke, Book reviews 191 Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey 08540. 1984. $65.00. The original, now out-of-print, Russian edition was published in 1968 and has been updated by the senior author in respect to all topics covered and has an added Latin-English cross-reference index. James Baird, of the Massachusetts Audubon Society, served as the English language ornithological advisor. The introduction explains the use of this field guide, advises about bird-watching in this part of the world and states "Since birds are the most wonderful of all the animals, one can only expect that becoming acquainted with them will be pleasant and will bring the reader much happiness". So much information in the descriptive text, which also includes distinguishing features of similar species, such clearly presented color plate paintings which often show both male and female and oc¬ casionally juveniles, such useful geographic distribution maps which cover about a sixth of the earth's land mass (i.e. , arctic, tundra, taiga, broadleaf forest, steppe, semi-desert, desert and mountain zones) make this book indeed excellent! "RANDOM WALKS IN BIOLOGY" by Howard C. Berg, ix & 142 pp. , 57 b/w fig. & 1 tab. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N. J. 08540. 1984. $16.50. The author's lectures in courses on biochemistry and biophysics at Harvard, the University of Colorado and Cal Tech and this book based on them present the author's "conviction that biologists and biochemists would enjoy their work more if they thought less in terms of thermodynamics and some of the rudiments of statistical physics... Biology is wet and dynamic. Molecules, subcellular organelles, and cells immersed in an aqueous environment, are in constant riotous motion". The chapters deal with microscopic and macroscopic theory, diffusion to capture with drift and at equilibrium, movements of self-propelled objects like E 6 dne.fi/. dn/M. Q.0&L, other random walks, probability distributions and differential equations. This new ori¬ entation is that well thought of that the author has been named co¬ winner of the 1984 Biological Physics Prize of the American Physical Society. "THE VITAMIN BOOK" by Rich Wentzler, iii & 224 pp. , 52 b/w tab. & 3 diag. A Dolphin Book, Doubleday & Company Inc. , Garden City, New York 11530. 1979. $5.95 paperback. The introduction to this interesting and generally useful book stresses the role of foodstuffs on early atoms, molecules, simple life and human life; the chemical nature and functioning of all food nutrients and then, one by one, on the essential vitamins and minerals with their deficiency and excess effects and their graded specific food sources. All is explained very logically and scien¬ tifically in an easy, chatty reading style. Knowing some biochemis- 192 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 3 try gives confidence to the author's statements for these chemical processes as well as for the claims for the vitamin substances that vary so much among health faddists, etc., and for his sensible eating recommendations. "COMMON MEDICINES - An Introduction for Consumers", Preliminary Edition, by David J. George, iii & 197 pp. , 21 b/w diag. , 23 tab. & 3 photo. W. H. Freeman & Company, San Francisco, Cali¬ fornia 94104. 1979. $7.00 paperbound. "This book is a [well organized and well explained for intended readership level] rough draft of a text currently being expanded and rewritten to reflect the author's increasing experience in teaching consumers to better understand drug therapy . . . . The author apologizes for the spelling errors [oh, so many!], inconsistency of format", etc. The author gives a course under the title-topic for students in the University of Utah. "AN INTRODUCTION TO THE HISTORY OF VIROLOGY" by A. P. Waterson & Lise Wilkinson, xiv & 237 pp., 21 b/w photo., 12 fig. & 1 frontis piece. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge & London, Eng¬ land, & New York, N. Y. 10022. 1978. $42.50. This fine history is essentially conceptual with the "study of ideas and concepts, and the interactions between these, on the one hand, and experiment and technique, on the other". The text revolves around four well-studied during the last century viruses - fowl plague, tobacco mosaic, rabies and smallpox. A helpful personal element is added at the end of the text in the form of 138 brief and pertinent biographies of workers in the field. "Looking at virus diseases throughout the whole spectrum from the slow virus diseases to the violently acute ones", this book indicates much of what is known and also reminds readers that their history is far from complete "THE COMPUTER COOKBOOK 1984-1985 Edition" by William Bates, xiv & 396 pp. , 163 b/w product photo., 68 fig. & diag., 4 maps & 57 charts. 1984. Quantum Press, Doubleday, New York, N. Y. 10167. $14.95 paperbound. No, don't expect food recipes on punched-out cards, but rather an interesting encyclopedia or almanac and a consumer's guide to all kinds of hard and software for computers for household, research, writing and other individual uses. The author teaches computer science at the graduate level in the University of California at Berkeley. This, his new edition has 2-color text highlighting items of particular importance ahd effective marginal notes with helpful text amplifications. It is copiously and effectively illustrated. There are a couple of places where a "spelling corrector" could have been used. It truly is the best in its field and is now being trans¬ lated into German, Japanese and French. HW / PHYTOLOGIA 42 U 5b - - - - w w w 4 44 An international journal to expedite botanical and phytoecological publication Vol. 56 October 1984 No. 4 CONTENTS RAVENNA, P., Notes on Iridaceae, VI . RAVENNA. P.. New species in Phaedranassa and Eucrosia lAmanllidaceae) 196 GANDHI. K.N..S THOMAS. R D„ The Anthemideae and Senecioneae , Asteraceae, Ware of Louisiana . . . . KING, R. M. , & ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae) CC XVIII A second species of lltisia . 249 KING, R. M., & ROBINSON H., Studies in the Eupatorieae < Asteraceae ) CCXIX A new species of Cronquistianthus . ' 252 KING, R. M., & ROBINSON H., Studies in the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae) CCXX A new species of Alomiella from Brazil . ' ,56 ROBINSON, H Studies in the Heliantheae (Asteraceae). XXXX. A new species of Wulffia from Ecuador . ROBINSON, H., Studies in the Heliantheae (Asteraceae). XXXIX. New species of Aspilta from Brazil . J ROBINSON, H Studies in the Liabeae (Asteraceae). XVII. Two new species of . 287 ■lOROAN, L. JORDAN, J . L., Growth qf ephemeral plants for ' ' ^ JUDZIEWICZ, E. J., Scrotochloa, a new genus of paleotropical pharoid grasses ......... 299 REESE, W. D^Calvinperes schmidtii Broth., an earlier name for Calymperes nymanii I . . REESE. W. D The correct name for Calymperes longifolium Mitt. (Muse) is Syrrhopodon loreus (Lac.) Reese . ANTON. A. M.. 0,1 Ertoneuron pitosum car. longeetristattm: a rectifying common 307 SAULEDA. R P WUNDERLIN. R. P„ & HANSEN. B. F„ Transfen in Florida orchids . . 3Qg MOLDENKE, H. N.. Additional notes on the genus Gmelina. VI . 309 MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the genus Cornutia VIII t.c MOLDENKE. A. L„ Book reviews . . ^ Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 303 Parkside Road Plainfield. New Jersey 07060 U.S.A. Price of this number $3.00; for this volume $14.00 in advance or $15 00 after dose of the volume; $5.00 extra to all foreign addresses and domestic dealers. 5 2 pages constitute a complete volume; claims for numbers lost in the mails must be made immediately after receipt of the next following number for tree replacement; back volume prices apply if payment is received after a volume is closed. NOTES ON IR IDACEAE . VI Pierfelice Ravenna INTA, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile New species and subspecies in the qenera Tnim are established. , and b t-iy/itnchtum TRIflSZIA SOSO LIT ZRA Ravenna, sp. nov. F o 1 i a P 3 - 4 ' e n s t f o r m i a f 1 a bi 1 ? * R h 1 ^ 0 brevis verticalis. anthesi^soboliferus'inferne'folio5!53^?^!^1^^^^ ^ nrecTer; r:a^^-vS KL' cm Tonga valvis subaequa 1 ibus . Vd ^eU i ?paJh is ^ a ’ ' lev iter longiores. Perigonium luteum 40-50 mm i d i -lutescen te 1*2" ? ^ Pdllide Viride -1 CirY-' paia exteriora ob !a nceo la to -JandYra tf * ad ^26 -"VmY TongY et 13 mm lata unguiculis conca v iuscu 1 is nail, 'Hie c longa'ete7',8<'mmr'l'’ri0r'1 »eiliMlat»-recur"aU ad lYII ” latus pallidus s ?Hs “staT^' l0"9us et 2-8 "» obovat :quadr:tr^ur:^r:r:eS-:a^f'rt:"{n:t;^ea cas tane is tVl t^fATft^rTr /:rrsata^L:iter latae ad rim lonnaa- 00l aT?' 7therae “"eaM-lanceo- ^?:!sidsr3u:mfi^:r^n?r4diir/o"9rK sriJ ?»* d"aa dorsales t r iangular i -cu 1 1 r if ormes "ad *2° 9 7 m*36 Capsula III lltlTutlfllTsT/ll r5 7 >»"gaa patantas. ta cicatriois perigonii plrlia ll? t """ U~ angulata ochracea 1.5 mm lata. ’ 1S’ Semind -oLnT"gi;.fuirSchraCrUZ;7rn Andr“ de Td*tld.Ce- jMb Absque I dl=!mm:usf8^96ll^j^5 “• 4591 ' ?daII°La C h La0Coba’ Cbinantla, Liebman 43 (c (C 14590 IulfaC- 3b PocotePec< biebman 44, VI-1847 zatlln c Cl? 5- 7 Bo"arld '« Plantis in horto pr. Ha- 1 lu * L* Sinaloa Mexici advectis; Ravenna 520 TV 1568 (Herb. Ravanna, type). United S t ^ e s ^ 7r L a Dad'e 193 194 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 4 Co., Miami, Park site at SW 7 2 Ave. and Bird Rd.; G.N. Avery 562, ll-XII-1968 (.NY). Venezuela, Caracas, orig¬ inally obtained from garden of dr. Lasser in 1960; Stey- ermark 112234, 25-VI-1976 (VEN). Allied to T, Ate.ye.sima/ikLL Fost., and differing in the larger spathes, and by the fact of producing plant- lets at every bract, including s p a t he - v a 1 ve s , of the p a s t - f 1 owe r ed stem. C1PU.RA l NORN AT A Ravenna, sp. nov. Planta ad 20-30 cm alta. Bulbus subglobosus usque 18 mm latus. Folia basalia ad anthesin 2-3 plicato-tae- niolata 1 i ne a r i - a 1 1 e nu a t a f u sco - v ir id ia ad 15-28 cmlon- ga circ. 3-7 mm lata. Scapus 15-27 cm longus. Spathae 1- 3 biflorae sessiles vel subsessiles valva inferiori 20- 23 mm longa, superior i 35-40 mm longa acuta translucide marginata. Flos albus breviter pedicellatus 18.5-22 mm longus et 26-35 mm latus. Ovarium oblongo-pyriformepal- lide viride ad 5-5.5 mm long urn et 1.5 mm latum. Tepala exteriora late oblanceolato-spathulata ad 21-22 mm lon¬ ga et 12 mm lata; inter iora obovata erecto-patentia ad apicem paullo recurvata eglandulosa ad 15-17 mm longa et 8.5-9 mm lata. Filamenta libera filiformia alba ad 2-2.7 mm longa. Antherae oblongae luteae ad 3.2 mm longae. Stylus et pars concrescens styli ramorum albi 6.5 mm longi; area stigmatosa inf u nd ibu 1 a t o - t r i lobat a cristis nu 1 1 is . C0FLECTI0NS. Costa Rica, Guanacaste, 6 km SE de La Cruz ("Santa Cruz" sphalm.), 200-250 m; Ramon Ferreyra 15945, 24-VII-1964 (USM). Culta in Bonaria ex bulbis circ 5 km a La Cruz australi-orientem versus civit. Guanacaste Costa-Ricae collectis; Ravenna 319, XII-1964 (Herb. Ra¬ venna). 8 Km a Palo Seco se p t e n t r io ne m versus civit. Guarico Venezuelae; Ravenna 2177, 25-VI-1976 (Herb. Ra¬ venna holotype, VE N i s o t y p e ) . Closely related to C. campariu. tata Rav. ; it can be distinguished by the non flat, broadly teniolate leav¬ es, and the inner tepals shorter than the outer ones. CIPURA PALUD0SA Aubl, subsp. mexLcana Ravenna, ssp. nov. A subspecie typica habitu elatiori foliisangustio- ribus in vivo 4-9 mm latis floribus albis raro leviter coe r u le s ce n t ibu s tepalis longioribus differt. COLLECTIONS. Guatemala, dept. Izabal, on trail from Z a - potillo to El Astor, lake Izabal S.C. Snedaker D-52, 22- V-1966 (IEAS). Mexico, Oaxaca, along the Pan-American highway (route 190), 16 km N W of Zanatepec, 100 m; R. Merril King 504, 10-VI-1958 (ENC6). Idem, Guerrero, Rin¬ con Viejo, 700-800 m; H. Kruse 536, 27-VIII-1960 (ENCB). 1984 Ravenna, Notes on I fbLda.c Greenman, Proc. Am. Acad. Sci. 32: 296, 1897.— N. tenuis var. coe/iute/>- ceriA (Greenm.) R.C. Fost., Contr. Gray Herb. Harv. Univ. 155: 41, 1945. COLLECTIONS. Mexico, Morelos, dry gravelly soil near Cuernavaca; Pringle 6324, VI-1896 (MEXU, NY, SI, iso¬ types) . It is distinguished from subspecies tenuis, on ac¬ count of its larger bulb, well branched inflorescence (rhipidium), and larger flowers. LLLU.T HLRI/VL LATITOLIA (Standi, et Will.) Ravenna, comb, no \.— CLpu/ia tati£otia Standlev & Williams, Ceiba 1: 75, 1950. COLLECTIONS. Honduras, dep. Morazan, Zamorano, 800 m; A. Molina R. 498, VIII-1947 (US, phototype seen). Rather frequent in Honduras and Guatemala. £ LLU.T H.LRI N £ C1TRI0D0RA (Rav.) Ravenna, comb, nov.— £. tutto-ia (Mill.) Urb. subsp. cit/iiodosia Ravenna, Bol. Soc . Arg. Bot. 10: 314, 1965. A species from the first Andean slopes of northern Argentina, and neighbouring areas of Bolivia. It is found growing also spontaneously in gardens and parks, as far as at Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia. TRITURCIA PULCHLLLA (Sweet) Ravenna, comb, nov.— He/i- Le/itia putcheita Sweet, Brit. FI. Gard. 3: tab. 222,1829. Though its distinctness, this species was not transferred so far to T sii^u/icia , its proper genus. SISyRINCHlUn PALtUTOLlLM L. subsp. TUSCOV IRIDL (Rav.) Ravenna, comb, nov.— S. mac/io cepha turn R. Grah. ssp. LuacovL /iLde. Ravenna, Wrightia 7 (1): 6, 1981. After the Linnean herbarium became available in microfiches, it was possible to confirm that S. mac/io - ceph.atu.rn R. Grah. is a synonym of S. patmiJLo tium L.; the transference is made accordingly. NEW SPECIES IN PHAEDRANASSA AND EUCROSIA ( AMAR Y L L I DACE AE ) Pierfelice Ravenna INTA, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile New species of Amary 1 1 id ace ae , namely P h.ae.dL/ianaA4a cine./ie.a, Ph. v in.LcL i tu.te.ci , and Suc/ioAta p e.auv Lana , are described. Ihe former two belong in the flora of Ecuador. PH.A&DRAN AS S A CINSRSA Ravenna, sp. nov. Bulbus late ovatus ad 9-11 cm longus et 7-8 cm la- tus inferne radicis crassis superne in pseudocollo 6-9 cm longo productus . Folia serotina post anthesin 2-3 ci- ne re o - v ir id ia utrinque pruinosa ad 45-51 cm longa et 7.5-10.5 mm lata; petioli e r ec t o -pa t e n te s 15-16 cm lon- gi inferne 9-11 mm lati in facie adaxiali subplani pos¬ tice convexi, lamina oblanceolata patentia vel recurve patentia saepe undulata et pi icatulo-nervosa acuta. Sca- pus teres g lauco -v ir id is pruinosus ad 20-25 cm longus inferne leviter compressus circ. 9.7 mm latus ad apicem 5 mm latus. Spatha ad anthesin marcida valvis cartaceis lanceolatis ad basin liberis reflexis ad 33 mm longis, bracteae interiores 25-10 mm longae. Inf lorescent ia us¬ que 11-flora. Pedicelli graciles g lauco-v ir ides tereti- filiformes ad 27-30 mm longi. Flores declinati vel pen- duli. Ovarium ellipticum vel ob 1 ong o -e 1 1 ip t ic u m obtuso- triquetrum c i ne r e o - v ir id e pruinosum ad 7.7-8 mm longum circ. 3. 5-3. 8 mm latum. Perigonium leviter ventricosum circ. 31-35 mm longum. Perigonii tubus campanulatus vel poculiformis duis tertiis inferioribus viridibus deinde carmineo-roseus . lepala anguste oblanceolata usque 20 mm car mineo -rosea ad apicem oblique patentia cinereo-vi- ridia a 1 bo -r ose o -ma rg ina ta ; exteriora usque 29 mm longa in tertio inferiori 4 mm lata apicem versus 3. 7- 3. 8 mm lata apiculo 1.8 mm longo intus ad basin tuberculo pi- loso notato; interiora usque 27 mm longa ad apicem 4.8- 5 mm lata marginum albo-roseum 1.3 mm latum. Filamenta f i 1 if or m i -su bu 1 a t a , sepalinum superiore 27.5 mm longum, sepalina lateralia 28.5 mm longa, petalinum inferiore 31 mm longum, petalina lateralia 32 mm longa. Antherae ellipticae versatiles sordidae 2. 5-2. 8 mm longae; pol¬ len lutescens. Stylus filiformis ad initium anthesis 32 mm longus dein 38 mm longus. Stigma capitatus. C0LLECII0NS. Ecuador, prov. Chimborazo, road Gral. Eli¬ za 1 d e ( Bucay ) — Pa 1 la t a ng a , 32 km from Pallatanga, 650 m; 011gaard & Balslev 9006, 29-VIII-1976 ( AAU , Herb. Rav.). Culta in Santiago Chiliae ex bulbis a Dre. 011gaard in Aequatore collectis; Ravenna 3049, XI-1982 (Herb. Raven¬ na holotype, AAU isotype). 196 1984 Ravenna, New species 197 Distinguishable by its large, ash green leaves, which are markedly pruinose on both faces. The flowers are shorter than in Ph. cLutia. PH.ALDRANASSA VIRIDILU.TLA Ravenna, sp. nov. Planta usque 71 cm alta. Bulbus ova tus 40 -4 5 mm Ion - gus et 35-40 mm latus in pseudocollo circ. 9 cm longo product us. Folia ad anthesin nulla. Scapus pariter cy- lindraceus usque 66 cm longus ad basin 7-8 mm latus et apicem 5 mm latus. Valvae lanceolatae marcescentes 40- 42 mm longae; bracteae interiores anguste lineari-lan- ceolatae 30-20 mm longae. Pedicelli filiformes 11-30 mm longi. Flores patentes vel declinati. Ovarium 3. 5-6. 5 mm longum et 2. 5-2. 8 mm latum. Perigonii tubus viridis 9-10 mm longum et 2.5 mm latus. Perigonium anguste cam- panulatum vel subtubulare. Tepala oblanceolata circ. 11- 12 mm lutea caeterum viride, exteriora 21-23 mm longaet 3. 5- 3. 8 mm lata apiculo 0.6-0. 7 mm longo, interiora 22- 24 mm longa et 6.5-7 mm lata obtusa vel subacuta. Fila- menta lineari attenuata, sepalina 15-16.5 mm longa, pe- talina 12-13 mm longae Antherae ellipticae versatiles 2.5- 3 mm longae. Stylus filiformis 3. 5-3. 7 mm longus. Stigma minute capitatus. COLLECTIONS. Ecuador, prov. Azuay, highway Cuenca-Cola de San Pablo, km 54, 2580 m; 3ef D. Boeke 973, 14-11- 1977 (Herb. Ravenna holotype, NY isotype). A distinct species by virtue of its flower colour. SUCROSIA PLRLLVIANA Ravenna, sp. nov. Planta 15-26 cm alta. Bulbus ovatus circ 20 mm la¬ tus tunicis exterioribus f usco -ochrace is ; pseudocollus brevis. Folia serotina oblanceolato-pet iolata fusco-vi- ridia 11-16 cm longa et 13-25 mm lata; petiolus 46 mm longus. Scapus teres gracilis 13-25 cm longus. Valvae lanceolatae 4-10 mm longae. Inf lorescent ia 3-8-flora. Pedicelli 5-20 mm longi. Ovarium late ellipticum vel ovatum obtuse triquetrum 3-4 mm longum et 2-2.5 mm la¬ tum. Perigonium bilabiate infundibulatum rubrum basin versus viride ad 16-22 mm longum et 12-17 mm in diame- tro horizontale et 16-24 mm in diametro verticali. Pe¬ rigonii tubus viridis 3-4 mm longus. Tepala oblanceola¬ ta 14-17 mm longa extus ad apicem macula viridi; exte¬ riora 4-5 mm lata apiculo 0.4-0. 5 mm longo; interiora 5-7 mm lata obtusa vel subacuta. Filamenta fasciculato- declinata, sepalinum superius 50-60 mm longum, sepalina lateralia 54-65 mm longa, petalinum inferius 60-68 mm longum, petalina lateralia 65-70 mm longa. Antherae ob- longo-ren if ormes luteae 2.5-3 mm longae. Stylus decli- nato-ascendens 65-80 mm longus. Stigma minute capitato- tr ilobatus . 198 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 4 COLLECT IONS . Peru, dept. Contumaza, prov. Guzmango, Molino (Cascas— Contumaza; Sagastegui et al. 9338, 1-XI- 1979 (TRP). Idem, Guzmango, 2500 m; Lopez & Sagastegui, 5-X-1966 (TRP 6247). Idem, Cascas?, traido por un alum- no; Sanchez-Vega 2790 (U. Tec. Cajamarca). Culta in Santiago ex bulbo in Cajamarca Peruviae collecto et a Dorn. Sanchez-Vega donato; Ravenna 3070, XI-1983 (Herb. Ravenna, ty pe ) . Allied to £. e.uc/ioAioide.A , this species is separ¬ able by its more slender habit, narrower leaves, and a more regular perigone ; the latter is green at the base, and uniformly red above. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. The writer is indebted to Dr. B. 011- gaard , Botanical Institute, University of Aarhus, Den¬ mark, and Prof. I. Sanchez Vega, Universidad Nacional Tecnica de Cajamarca, Peru, for their consistent coop¬ eration in sending dry and living material (bulbs) for study; Dr. A. Lopez, and Prof. A. Sagastegui, Universi¬ dad de Trujillo, Peru, for facilities in the consultat¬ ion of the Herbarium; and Dr. Patricia K. Holmgren, The New York Botanical Garden, for sending, among others, the specimen of P h.atid/ianaA4a u i/iid i lute.a . THE ANTHEMIDEAE AND SENECIONEAE (ASTERACEAE) WARE OF LOUISIANA K. N. Gandhi and R. Dale Thomas. S. M. Tracy Hebarium, Department of Range Science, Texas A & M University, College Station Texas 77843 and the Herbarium Department of Biology, Northeast Louisiana University, Monroe, LA. 71209. INTRODUCTION The early botanical work on the vascular plants of Louisiana was carried on by several botanists including R. S. Cocks, S. L. P. De Cubieres, W. R. Dodson, C. Dorman, A. Featherman, and T. Vaughn (Brown 1945). Rafinesque's Florula Ludoviciana was published in 1817. His publication is significant not only as the first localized record of plants of southern Louisiana but also for including numerous new names, many of which have been accepted as valid names or have become the basionyms of new name combinations. The majority of the vascular flora of Louisiana is directly or indirectly covered by the floristic works of several botanists such as Chapman (1889), Mohr (1901), Small (1903, 1933), Fernald (1950) , Gleason and Cronquist (1963) , Radford et al. (1968), and Correll and Johnston (1970). With reference to the recent botanical works in Louisiana, the following taxa have been assessed: ferns and fern allies (Brown and Correll 1942, Thieret 1980), Alismataceae (Curry and Allen 1973), Fabaceae (Lasseigne 1973), Rhyncosporeae and Sclerieae (Joyce 1974), Orchidaceae (Pridgeion and Urbatsch 1977) , Onagraceae (Ellis and Urbatsch 1979) , Droseraceae and Sarraceniaceae (Murray and Urbatsch 1979) , Poaceae (Allen 1980) , and Scrophulariaceae (Vincent 1982) . Thomas and Allen (1982, 1984) published preliminary checklists on the vascular plants of Louisiana. The family Asteraceae is one of the least studied families of the flowering plants for Louisiana. Several taxa of the Asteraceae of Louisiana, such as the genus Elephantopus (Curry 1976) and the tribe Veronieae, including the genera Elephantopus , Stokesia , and Veronia (Urbatsch 1977) , have been reviewed. However, to date, a comprehensive floristic treatment has not been performed on the entire Asteraceae of Louisiana. As a part of the project on the flora of Louisiana, Gandhi and Thomas (1984a, 1984b, 1984c) studied the family Asteraceae as well as Convolvulaceae , Cuscutaceae, and Lamiaceae. 199 200 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 4 The family Asteraceae (also known as the Compositae) is cosmopolitan in distribution and is one of the most successful families of the flowering plants, consisting of as many as 13,000 species belonging to 900 genera (Willis 1973). In the United States, the family is represented by approximately 2,550 species belonging to 340 genera (Rice et al. 1982). The family is classified into 13 tribes belonging to two sub¬ families (Cronquist 1981). The subfamily Asteroideae consists of the following 12 tribes: the Anthemideae, Arctotideae, Astereae, Calenduleae, Cynareae, Eupatorieae, Heliantheae, Inuleae, Liabeae, Mutisieae, Senecioneae, and Vernonieae. The subfamily Cichorioideae (= Lactucoideae) consists of only one tribe, the Cichorieae (= Lactuceae) . In Louisiana, the family Asteraceae is one of the dominant herbaceous families in the flora. It is also the largest family, represented by more than 360 species belonging to 90 genera. These taxa belong to 10 tribes, i.e., nine tribes in Asteroideae (excluding the Arctotideae, Calenduleae, and Liabeae) and the only tribe in the Cichorioideae. Some of these taxa are cultivated for ornamental or commercial purposes, e.g., Ageratum, Ambrosia Anthemis , Aster , Bidens , Chrysanthemum, Cichorium Coreopsis, Dahlia , Gerbera , Helianthus, Lactuca, Rudbeckia, SantoTTha, Senecio, Solidago , Tagetes , Tanacetum, Taraxacum, and many othersT For the purpose of a Master of Science thesis, the tribes Anthemideae and Senecioneae have been studied in detail by the senior author. The objective of this study was to produce a thesis that includes descriptions, keys, nomenclature, and data on the distribution, habitats, and phenology. The tribes Anthemideae and Senecioneae are represented in Louisiana by at least 27 species belonging to genera. The Botanical contribu¬ tions made on the Asteraceae by Baillon (1888), Bailey (1949), Lawrence (1951), Cronquist (1952, 1955, 1980, 1981) , and Rendle (1967) and on a few of its members by Cabrera (1949), Turner (1956), Krai and Godfrey (1958) and Barkley (1978) have been quite helpful in better understanding the family in general and the two tribes in particular. 1984 Gandhi & Thomas, Anth.ejru.dza.t & Se.ne.CA.ontae. 201 MATERIALS AND METHODS Sources of Specimens The herbarium specimens on deposit in the Herbarium Northeast Louisiana University (NLU) provided the data for this study. The majority of the specimens were collected by Dr. R. Dale Thomas from Louisiana and other states during the past 17 years. Representative specimans of these tribes on deposit in the following Louisiana herbaria were also studied: Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge (LSU) ; Louisiana State Univer¬ sity, Shreveport (LSUS) ; Northwestern State University (NATO); Tulane University (NO); and University of Southwestern Louisiana (LAF) . (The acronyms of the herbaria are as given in Holmgren et al. 1981.) For floristic study, either fresh or preserved (pickled) materials are preferred to dry ones. With the exception of a few species, this author did not have the access to fresh specimens. Dried flowering materials were removed from the herbarium specimens and soaked in 100° C water. The soft textured specimens were soaked for 2 to 5 minutes and hard textured specimens soaked for 5 to 15 minutes. This soaking causes the material to regain the original turgidity. Such a condition simulates that of the fresh specimen. At the conculsion of the study, the flowering material was re-dried, enclosed in a paper package, and was returned to the respective herbarium sheet. Format The sequence of the description of the taxa is as follows : 1. Family name, authority, common name and description 2. Key to the tribes Anthemideae and Senecioneae 3. Key to the genera 4. Generic number, name, authority, common name, description, total number of species and their distribution found in the world, and total number of species found in the Unites States 5. Key to the species 6. Species number, name, authority, publication details, common name, basionym, synonym, and description . 7. Infraspecific taxa number, name authority, publication details, common name, basionym, synonym, and description 202 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 4 The sequence of the arrangement of the tribes, genera, and species follows Cronquist (1980). The information on the names of taxa, authorities, and publication details is based on the data obtained from the Index Kewensis Plantarum Phanerogamarum (1893-) , Index to American Botanical Literature (1886-) , Gray Herbarium Card Index (1886-), and National List of Scientific Plant Names (Rice et all 1982) . In the event of discrepancies between the Index Kewensis Plantarum Phanerogamarum and other sources , the discrepancy was indicated in a note under the description of the respective species. The common names used locally are mentioned. For all such names of taxa involving new combinations, basionyms are provided. The citation of synonyms is restricted to taxa, the correct names of which differ from those used in recent manuals of the eastern United States and Texas. The descriptions of the taxa such as the family, genus, and species are based mostly on the specimens from Louisiana but also include selected information from specimens which are on deposit in Northeast Louisiana University Herbarium from other states. The descriptions include features on the nature of the habit, stem, leaves, inflorescence, flowers, and fruits; the measurements, numbers, shapes, colors, and any other special features of most of the above mentioned parts are provided. Each description begins with either a noun or an adjective and ends with a noun, adjective, or participle. If any part of the description is specific to Louisiana specimens, the same thing is denoted by the term "ours". The characteristics of the habit (including the underground parts and aerial appendages), stem, leaves, inflorescence, peduncle, involucre, receptacle, paleae, ray and disk flowers, fruits, and pappus are separated from each other with a period (punctuation) . The different features that are described in one sentence are separated either with a comma or semicolon. The measurements of the leaves include those of the petioles (unless otherwise noted); the corolla limbs or ligules, including those of the extended connectives ; and the styles, including those of the stylar arms. The description of the family features is generally not repeated in the description of the genus and those of the genera are not repeated in the description of the species. In the description of each genus and species, the description of the sterile flowers and functionally staminate flowers precedes those of other flowers; similarly the description of the pistillate flowers precedes that of the bisexual flowers. 1984 Gandhi & Thomas, A YVthwidejML & Senecxoneae 203 Keys to all the taxa listed are strictly dichotomous and bracketed. Each couplet is successively numbered. The heading of the second line of each couplet begins with a morphological feature contrasting to that of the heading of the first line. For contrast¬ ing, positive characters are generally used with an occasional negative character listed. These contrasting characters are easily recognized and/or persistent. The headings begin with a noun or an adjective. The total number of species of each genus and their worldwide distribution (after Willis 1973) and also the total number of species of each genus found in the United Stated (Rice et al. 1982) are given at the end of the generic descriptions. Abbreviations In order to conserve space, the following abbrevi¬ ations are used in the text. Nomenclature and references Authority abbreviations: Journal abbreviations: NLSPN : sp. : spp. : var . : vars . : Description cm : m; mm : vmsl : Distribution Compass directions: Fig. : General distribution across the continents and the United States: States : as given in the National List of Scientific Plant Names as given in B-P-H (Botanico-Periodicum- Huntianum) National List of Scienti¬ fic Plant Names species (singular) species (plural) variety varieties centimeter (s) meter (s) millimeter (s) ventro-marginal stigmatic lines n, ne. nw, s, se, sw, e, Figure N, NE, NW, S, SE, SW, E, Standard abbreviations 204 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 4 Geography The distribution of a species within the United States is mentioned either by states or regions. This information was prepared by this senior author in a study of specimens deposited at the U. S. National Herbarium, Smithsonian Institute, Washington DC (US) and by referring to the distribution data provided in the National List of Scientific Plant Names (Rice et al. 1982) Ecology and Phenology According to Allen (1980) , the state of Louisiana can be divided into five major vegetational regions: Coastal Marsh, Floodplain, Pine, Prairie, and Upland Hardwoods. The preference of the members of the Asteraceae for semiopen to open fields and disturbed areas is well known (Cronquist 1980) . The nature of the soil or area if of a specific type such as blackish, clayey, granite, sandy, limestone, loamy, etc. is mentioned. The flowering period is given in months, eg. , June to September. TAXONOMY Description of Asteraceae Dumort. The Aster Family Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs or shrubs, occasionally vines (tree forms absent in ours) ; rhizome or stolon sometimes present; plant body less often laticiferous , occasionally aromatic. Leaves basal and/or cauline; basal leaves sometimes deciduous before anthesis; cauline leaves opposite or alternate, or opposite baseward and alternate upward, rarely whorled; blade entire to pinnatifid or pinnatisect, sometimes compound, less often resinous-glandular. Inflorescence a head (= capitulum) , 1 to numerous, variously arranged, more commonly following centrifugal or basipetal pattern of arrangement. Receptacle (= rachis) short, surrounded by 1 to several series of partly or wholly green involucral bracts, flat, convex, or conical to columnar, rarely concave, occasionally bristly or pitted; each such pit if surrounded by a crown of scales, then the receptacle referred to as alveolate. Paleae (= recept- acular bracts, chaffs) often present, uniform, or less occasionally dimorphic; each palea either flat and subtending a flower, or folded and clasping a flower on its dorsal side. Flowers (also known as florets in this 1984 Gandhi & Thomas, AnthemLdeae. & Se.ne.CA.omae. 205 family) (1-) a few to numerous, protandrous, generally described as sessile (but often found to be attached to a filiform stalk), crowded on the receptacle, bisexual, pistillate (fertile or sterile) , or functionally staminate; the sequence of flowering within the head centripetal; calyx (generally referred to as pappus in this family) reduced to awns, scales, bristles, or absent; corolla sympetalous; stamens (4-) 5, epipetelous, included or exserted; filaments generally free; anthers usually united (commonly referred to as syngenesious) , introrse; connective extended; pollen grains spinulose or smooth-walled; ovary inferior, bicarpellary , unilocular, with a single basel ovule, style 2-branched and exserted in bisexual and pistillate flowers, often undivided and included or just exserted in functionally staminate flowers, the 2 stylar arms (= branches) variously shaped, bearing conspicuous or obscure ventro-marginal stigmatic lines (vmsl) , Fruit a cypsela, smooth or various, flattened or angled, rarely subterete, often crowned with the pappus; the latter aiding the fruit in dispersal. The success of this family is attributed to structural adaptations to the environment, efficient mechanism of pollination and dispersal of fruits, and the chemical nature of the plant body (probably preventing the grazing by cattle). The majority of the authors regard the pappus to be a reduced and highly modified calyx, but Small (1917, 1918) and Koch (1930) were of the opinion that in Helianthus and its allied genera, the calyx and corolla have fused to form a single petaloid structure, and that the pappus (if present) represents trichorne-like enations from the ovary. There are four types of corolla: 1) tubular and cuneate, or funnel-shaped with a tube and a limb, (4- or) 5-toothed or -lobed (actinomorphic) ; 2) tubular, often filiform, without a limb, frequently minutely 2- to 5- toothed (tending to be actinomorphic) ; 3) bilabiate with 1- or 2-toothed inner lip and 3- toothed outer lip (zygomorphic) ; and 4) ligulate, with a tube toward base and a strap upward; the strap, also called ray or ligule, often 2- to 5-toothed or -lobed (zygomorphic) . All flowers with ligulate corollas are referred to as rays; the flowers with tubular or funnel-shaped corolla are referred to as disk flowers. The author include even the flowers with bilabiate corolla under the disk type. The flowers with filiform and/or tubular corolla that are without limb are not included under ray or disk types, and since such flowers are closely similar to the disk type, they are referred to 206 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 4 as disciforms. (The name "disciform" refers to the nature of the corolla or head.) Basing the classifica¬ tion on the nature of the corolla, the heads are classified into four categories: 1. Ligulate: all the flowers are of the ray type and are bisexual. 2. Discoid: all the flowers are of the disk type and are bisexual. 3. Radiate: the marginal flowers are of the ray type and are either pistillate or sterile, rarely bisexual (e.g., Stokesia) ; the other flowers are of the disk type and are either bisexual or functionally staminate. 4. Disciform: the peripheral flowers are pistillate, have filiform and/or tubular corolla (disciform type) , and occasionally are without corolla; the central flowers are of the disk type and are either bisexual or function¬ ally staminate. Besides the above mentioned classification, the head inflorescence, in a broad sense, is classified into two categories: 1) Homogamous : heads with one kind of flowers such as the staminate, pistillate, or bisexual; 2) Heterogamous : heads with two kinds of flowers such as the sterile and bisexual, pistillate and bisexual, or pistillate and functionally staminate. This kind of classification may be useful to classify the heads that are devoid of corolla, e.g., in Xanthium, the pistillate heads consist of naked flowers. The anther bases offer a few taxonomic variables; the bases may be truncate, rounded, auricled, sagittate, or caudate (= tailed) . The filaments tend to be enlarged below the anthers. The connective extends beyond the anther cells; this extended condition is quite unusual for an evolutionarily advanced family. The description of the connective, provided in the genus description, refers to this extended part. The connective is usually folded slightly outward. In most of the insect-pollinated taxa the pollen grains are spinulose, whereas in wind-pollinated taxa the pollen grains are generally smooth-walled. The stylar arms of bisexual flowers exhibit remarkable variations in different tribes. The arms may be flattened, terete, clavate, or filiform. The stigmatic regions of the arms are within, may be near to the bases of the arms, to the middle, or beyond. The stigmatic region more often is demarcated by the presence of ventro-marginal stigmatic lines (vmsl). 1984 Gandhi & Thomas, An^iemide&e. & Seneotoneae 207 The stigmatic region bears stigmatic papillae which aid in the germination of the pollen grains. The non- stigmatic regions of the stylar arms (including the external surfaces) often bear hairy appendages or papillate outgrowths. The distribution of the hairs on the arms varies: 1) forming a ring immediately below the bases of the arms; 2) at the extreme tips of the arms; 3) as an external band at the bases of the deltoid tips of the arms of from the middle of the arms to their apices; and 5) on both the surfaces from almost middle of the arms to the apices. If the hairs are absent, the arms often bear non-stigmatic papillate outgrowths which are more conspicuous than those of the stigmatic papillae . The style plays a significant role in carrying out the process of cross pollination. The style grows vertically and passes through the anther tube with its two arms held tightly against each other. In such a condition, the stigmatic regions are not in contact with the pollen. Further, the external appendages on the stylar arms not only brush the pollen out of the anther tube to the surface of the corolla mouth but also prevent any contact between the pollen and the stigmatic region. After surpassing the anther tube and the corolla, the stylar arms diverge. Thus, the style is essential for the removal of the pollen from the anther tube. For the same reason, even in functionally staminate flowers, the style is present. The stylar arms of pistillate flowers of different taxa vary in size and shape but not in the basic pattern. Further, since the pistillate styles are only the receptors of the pollen grains and are not involved in the dispersal of the pollen, generally they are without any appendages. Figures 1-6 give some of the variations of heads, involucre, receptacles, flowers, anther bases, pollen grains, stylar arms, and fruits. 208 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 4 Fig. (Aa) (a) 1 Radiate Head Inflorescence complete head; (Ab) vertical rays; (b) disk flowers. in Asteraceae. section. 1984 Gandhi & Thomas, Anthetfudeae & Sisk f ° bise^al with funnel-shaped corolla^ C°D)ttyle passing through syngenesious anthers in a bisexual flower. 1984 Gandhi & Thomas, A n£kznu.d&ie. & Se.M(UOMae. 211 Fig. (A) (Ac) (Ba) (b) anche^base^types^ ^ ln Asteraceae- auricled; (Ad) rounded m ;„,(fb) sa?ittaCe. spinulose; (Bb) smooth-surflced Ufa18r^?i tyPeS: • connective; (c) filament. d* ( } P°Uen grams 212 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 4 1984 Gandhi & Thomas, Aittfiemdeae & Se.ne.cioneM.e. 213 Fig. 6. Fruit (Cypsela) Types in Asteraceae. (A) without pappus. (B) crowned with various forms of pappus: (Ba) scaly crown; (Bb) awns; (Be) awned scales; (Bd) plumose bristles; (Be) obscurely dentate bristles; (Bf) double pappus, with outer short scales, and inner longer bristles; (Bg) pappus bristles attached to the pappiferous disk at the summit of the cypsela beak. (C) cypsela completely covered with bur-like fructiferous involucre; (Ca) vertical section of the fructiferous involucre at an thesis. 214 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 4 Key to the Tribes Anthemideae and Senecioneae 1. Involucre 2- to 6-seriate; bracts imbricate, hyaline-scarious along the margins, occasionally petaloid; pappus absent or scaly and small; paleae present or absent . . . . . . . . Anthemideae 1. Involucre generally 1-seriate; bracts subequal, herbaceous-chartaceous along the margins, not petaloid; pappus hairy; paleae absent . ...... . . . . . . Senecioneae Artificial Key to the Genera of Anthemideae and Senecioneae Anthemideae 1. Involucral bracts, all or a few white, yellow, or pinkish above the middle and appearing petaloid . . . . . . . . 1 . Hymenopappus 1. Involucral bracts not as above . . . 2 2. Heads radiate; rays conspicuous or not ...... 3 2. Heads discoid or disciform . . . 5 3. Paleae absent..... . . 5. Chry s an themum 3. Paleae present, uniformly distributed on tne receptacle or restricted to the center .......... 4 4. Rays 5 or few . . . 3. Achillea 4 . Rays 10 (+) . . . 2 . Anthemis 5. Herbs under 25 cm high, often s tolonif erous ; head solitary, apparently basal or axillary; paleae and pistillate corolla absent . . 9. Soliva 5. Herbs or subshrubs, usually reaching 0.5 to 2 m high; heads several to numerous, corymbiform, racemiform, or paniculif orm, rarely solitary on long peduncles; paleae rarely present; pistillate corolla present, or flowers bisexual . . . . 6 6. Heads solitary on long peduncles; paleae present . . . 4. Santolina 6. Heads otherwise; paleae absent . . 7 7. Heads discoid; plant body to 0.5 m high ... . . . . . 7 . Matricaria 7. Heads disciform; plant body to 2 m high ......... 8 8. Involucre under 4 mm wide; central flowers as many as 25 . . . 8 . Artemisia 8. Involucre to 1 cm wide; central flowers 100 (+) . . . 6 . Tanacetum 1984 Gandhi & Thomas, Anthem-ideae & Se.ne.CA.on.exie. 215 Senecioneae 1. Heads disciform . 12, Erechtites 1. Heads radiate or discoid . . Z 2. Heads discoid; corolla white to dull pink ... . 11 . Cacalia 2. Heads radiate, if discoid, then the corolTa yellow . 10. Senecio Descriptions of the Genera and Species and Key to the Species of Tribe Anthemideae 1. Hymenoppappus L'Her. Woolly White Taprooted biennials (ours) . Stem branched in the inflorescence. Leaves basal and alternate; basal leaves forming a rosette, entire to pinnatified, often revolute along the margins, minutely punctate (usually visible on the upper surface), sheathing at bases; cauline leaves more or less distantly placed, smaller. Heads discoid (ours), medium-sized, terminating the branches and/or branchlets, forming a corymbiform or paniculiform inflorescence; central heads often become over-topped; terminal heads frequently grow congested. Involucre campanulate, 2- or 3-seriate; bracts petaloid, partly or wholly white, or yellow- or pink-tinged. Receptacle convex. Palaea absent. Flowers bisexual; corolla white or anthocyanic, funnel-shaped, with five reflexed lobes; anthers nearly equalling the filaments; filaments not enlarged below the anthers; connective subacute; pollen grains spinulose; stylar arms flat, deltoid at the apices, externally hairy upward or only at the apices, bearing themselves. Cypsela dark or brown obovate or obconical, 3- to 5-sided, many-nerved, bearing dense ascending hairs. Pappus of 12 to 25 small hyaline scales, crowning the fruit. A genus consisting of 10 spp. distributed over USA and Mexico; nine spp. reported from USA; Turner (1956) performed cytotaxonomic study on this taxon. 1. Corolla white; basal leaves once or twice pinnatified; stylar arms 2 to 2.7 mm long; pappus scales under 1 mm high . 1. H_;_ scabiosaeus 1. Corolla anthocyanic or white; basal leaves subentire to once pinnatified; stylar arms usually under 1.5 mm long; pappus scales 0.8 to 1.5 mm high ... . 2. H_j_ artemisiaef olius 1. Hymenopappus scabiosaeus L'Her. , Hymenopappus s. 1. n. dZ (1788) 216 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 4 Taproot as long as 20 cm. Stem floccose, becoming glabrate with age, to 1 m high; branches sparsely resinous-glandular, floccose for the most part, bearing jointed trichomes upward. Leaves glabrate above, densely white-tomentose beneath; basal leaves once or twice pinnatified, to 15 cm long (including 1 to 5 cm long petioles), primary segments often divided, to 5 x 3 cm; cauline leaves entire to pinnatifid, becoming sessile upward. Heads many to numerous. Peduncle slender, 0.5 to 4 cm high. Involucral bracts as many as 8, subequal or unequal, elliptic, ovoid, or oblong, obtuse, to 13 x 7 mm. Disk: 1 cm wide; flowers 15 to 20; corolla white, to 7 mm long, limb 4.2 x 2.2 mm, lobes 2.2 x 1 mm; style to 8 mm long, arms externally hairy upward, about 2.4 mm long, vmsl 0.9 mm long. Cypsela thickened upward, cuneate below the middle, densely pilose, scarcely glandular, to 4 mm high, about 1.4 mm wide on each face. Pappus scales obovate, obtuse, slightly concave inward, to 0.9 x 0.3 mm. E USA, MO, KS, AR, OK, TX, and AZ ; scattered in dry pine woods in w LA; May to July. 2. Hymenopappus artemisiaefolius DC., Prodr. 5. 678 tl8T6) . - Similar to scabiosaeus in many aspects. Basal leaves subentire to once pinnatifid; undivided leaves elliptic, to 11 x 5 cm; pinnatified leaves with blade as large as 22 x 9 cm, terminal segments sometimes the largest (to 6x4 cm), petiole to 10 cm long. Involucral bracts to 10 x 5 mm; corolla anthocyanic, occasionally white, to 6 mm long, limb 3.5 x 1.4 mm, lobes 1.5 x 0.8 mm; style 7 mm long, arms hairy at the bases of the deltoid apices, to 1.4 mm long. Cypsela pilose on the angles and sometimes also on the surfaces, to 3.5 mm high. Pappus scales to 1.5 x 3 mm. LA to TX; locally abundant in dry pine woods in w LA; April to June (-October). Note: Some specimens intergrade between H. artemisiaefolius and scabiosaeus . They bear mixed characters such as twice pinnatifid basal leaves associated with anthocyanic corolla. In several specimens, the color of the corollas intergrades between creamy-white and pink. One specimen (R. D. Thomas 71507 and N. Carroll 1515) bears both white-flowered heads and pink-flowered heads. Cronquist (1980) also has reported about such an intergradation; he also has recommended reducing artemisiaefolius to a variety under H. scabiosaeus # 1984 Gandhi & Thomas, AnUlnzmidzaz & SznzcU.on.exiZ 217 2 . Anthemis L. Annual, aromatic, taprooted herbs (ours). Plant body flocculent, becoming glabrate with age, branched; resinous glands scarcely present on the leaves and fruits. Primary axis sometimes short. Leaves alternate, once or twice pinnatisect, bearing lateral appendages at the bases, Heads radiate (ours), terminating the branches. Pedunculif orm branches naked below the heads, involucre campanulate or hemispherical, usually 2- 3- seriate; bracts scarious-margined, subequal. Receptacle shortly conical. Paleae present, found all over the receptacle or restricted to the center, hyaline. Rays: pistillate or sterile; corolla usually white, sometimes yellow; stylar arms (if present) smooth. Disk: flowers numerous, bisexual; corolla yellow, funnel-shaped or cylindrical and constricted below the middle, bulbous at the base, 5- toothed; anthers longer than the filaments, auricled; connective subacute; pollen grains spinulose; stylar arms truncate, penicillate, bearing vmsl from the bases to the apices. Cypsela glabrous, several-ribbed, smooth or muricate, often A- or 5-angled. Pappus of a short scaly crown, absent. A genus consisting of about 200 spp. distributed over Europe, Mediterranean to Persia; four spp. reported from USA. 1. Rays fertile; paleae distributed all over the receptacle . 1. A_^ arvensis 1. Rays sterile; paleae absent in the margin of the receptacle . 2. A. cotula 1. Anthemis arvensis L. , So. PI. 89A (175377 field chamomile Plant body to 70 cm high. Leaves 2(-5) x 2(-3) cm; ultimate leaf segments filiform or linear. Heads many, medium-sized. Peduncle 2 to 10 cm high. Involucre to 7 x 10(-16) mm; bracts oblong, abruptly acuminate to caudate, ciliated, 1.8 mm wide. Receptacle 8 mm high (at fruiting). Paleae distributed all over the receptacle, slightly folded, acuminate, 3.5 mm high, 0.5 mm wide on each face. Rays: about 16, pistillate; corolla 14(-20) mm long, ligule 12(-18) x A mm; style 2.7 mm long, arms 0.A ram long. Disk flowers; corolla 3.3 mm long, limb 1.8 x 1 mm, teeth 0.6 x 0.5 mm; style 2.7 mm long, arms 0.5 mm long. Cypsela brown, smooth, 1.3 x 0.7 mm. Pappus usually absent. In most parts of USA (excluding TX to AR, NV to CO); one specimen is at US, collected by L. A. B. Langlois (no. 87) from w LA (without the name of the location) in 1885; April to July. 218 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 4 Note: According to Willis (1973) the fruit has papillae on its upper surface which become sticky when wet . 2. Anthemis cotula L. , Sp. PI. 894 (1753) may weed, dog fennel Similar to A. arvensis in many aspects; plant body to 60 cm high. Eeaves to 6 x 2.5 cm. Heads many, medium-sized. Peduncle 5 to 8 cm high. Involucre to 0.5 x 1.5 cm; bracts oblong to lanceolate, acute, tending to be glabrate. Receptacle to 1 cm high (at fruiting). Paleae restricted to the center of the receptacle and peripherally absent, linear, 2 . 3 mm high. Rays: 10 to 14, sterile; corolla 12 to 15 mm long, ligule to 12 x 3 mm. Disk flowers: corolla 2.8 mm long, limb 1.5 x 1.2 mm, teeth 0.6 x 0.4 mm; style 3 mm long, arms 0.6 mm long. Cypsela brown, often slightly curved, generally tubercled along the ribs, to 1.3 x 0.7 mm. Pappus absent . Found all over USA; locally abundant in low fields throughout the state; April to June. 3. Achillea L. Yarrow Perennial herbs. Stem 1 to a few-clustered, branched in the inflorescence. Leaves basal and alternate; basal and lower cauline leaves petiolate, sheathing; median and upper cauline leaves almost sessile; blade twice or thrice pinnatisect. Heads radiate, small-sized, peduncled, arranged in flat- or convex-topped paniculate corymbiform cymes. Involucre turbinate, a few-seriate; bracts 1-ribbed or not, scarious- margined. Receptacle conical in fruit. Paleae present, outer ones similar to the involucral bracts, inner paleae concave to keeled, sheathing the disk flowers on their dorsal sides. Rays: 3 to 5, pistillate; corolla white, pink, or purple, ligule 3-toothed. Disk flowers: many, bisexual; corolla funnel-shaped, teeth 5, subacute, ascending or spreading; anthers slightly longer than the filaments, tailed; connective obtuse; pollen grains spinulose; stylar arms truncate, penicillate (the pistillate stylar arms lacking these appendages), bearing the vmsl for almost their entire lengths. Cypsela compressed, cuneate, callous-margined, glabrous. Pappus absent. A genus consisting of about 200 spp. distributed in N Temperate regions; five spp. reported from USA. 1984 Gandhi & Thomas, A nthe/nideAe. & Se.ne.cUonexie. 219 1. Achillea millefolium L. , So. PI. 899 (1753). millefoil yarrow Rhizomatous, fibrous-rooted, aromatic herbs. Plant body thinly floccose to woolly; resinous glands often present on the leaves and inflorescence. Stem to 1.2 m high. Basal and lower leaves often deciduous; median leaves to 15 x 1.5(-4) cm, ultimate segments 0.2 mm wide. Heads numerous. Involucre about 4 ram high; outermost involucral bracts elliptic to ovate, obtuse, to 2 x 1.2 mm; inner bracts and outer paleae elliptic, concave, to 3 x 1.2 mm; inner paleae 3.5 x 1.5 ram. Rays: corolla tube 1.7 mm long, ligule 2 x 2.2 mm. Disk: 4 mm wide; flowers 20 to 40(+); corolla 2.8 mm long, limb 1.2 x 1 mm, teeth 0.3 x 0.3 ram; style 2.1 mm long, arms 0.6 mm long. Cypsela about 1.4 x 0.5 mm. Occuring throughout USA; scattered and locally abundant along roadsides in the state; May to July. Note: In the vegetative state, this species resem¬ bles ferns. This taxon may be polymorphic: the number of disk flowers varies from 10 to 20 (as per Correll and Johnston 1970, and Cronquist 1980). 4. Santolina L. Aromatic subshrubs (ours). Leaves alternate, pinnatifid, pectinate, or finely dissected, absent on the pedunculiform branches. Heads discoid, medium-sized, terminating the branches. Involucre campanulate, about 5-seriate; bracts scarious or scaly, yellowish. Receptacle convex, alveolate, (appearing as rudimentary honeycomb). Paleae present, slightly folded, each one sheathing an ovary or a fruit. Flowers as many as 100 (ours); corolla yellow, somewhat angled baseward, 5-toothed; anthers nearly equal to the filaments, sagittate; connective obtuse; pollen grains spinulose; stylar arms flat, truncate, penicillate, bearing the vmsl for the entire lengths. Cypsela angled, glabrous. Pappus absent. A genus of 10 spp. distributed over W Mediterranean; one sp. reported from USA. 1. Santolina chamaecyparissus L. , Sp. PI. 842 (1753) . lavender-cotton Plant body profusely branched, gray- to silvery- tomentose on the branches and leaves, to 60 cm high; resinous glands concealed by the tomentum. Leaves numerous, oblong in outline, petioled, 2(-2.5) x 0.3 cm; leaf segments many, congested, about 1.5 x 0.5 mm. Heads 220 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 4 about 12. Peduncle 4 to 5 cm high. Involucre thinly flocculent, 5 x 10 mm; bracts 1-ribbed, concave inward; outermost bracts lanceolate, subacute, 3.2 x 1 mm; inner bracts elliptic, about 3.7 x 1.7 mm. Paleae stalked, obtuse, pubescent at the apices, often with a pink median rib, 4.2 mm high, 0.8 mm wide on each face. Corolla 5.4 mm long, teeth reflexed, 0.8 x 0.7 mm; style 5.6 mm long, arms 1.4 mm long. Cypsela 3- to 5-angled, cuneate, brown on the faces, scarious along the angles, 2 . 5 mm high. Often cultivate; escaped, and naturalized in some parts of USA; long-persisting in cemeteries and around old buildings; March to June. 5. Chrysanthemum L. Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves alternate, often basally disposed, simple toothed to shallowly pinnatifid. Heads usually radiate, medium- to fairly large-sized, solitary to several, terminating the stem and branches. Involucre about 5-seriate (ours), imbricate; bracts progressively larger inward. Receptacle almost flat and circular (ours). Paleae absent. Rays: as many as 30 (ours), pistillate; corolla white (ours), ligule minutely 2- or 3-toothed; stylar arms bearing the vmsl for their entire lengths, papillate at apices. Disk flowers: numerous , bisexual; corolla yellow, funnel- shaped, 5-toothed; anthers minutely auricled or rounded at the bases, slightly longer than the filaments; connective obtuse to subacute; pollen grains spinulose; stylar arms truncate, penicillate. Cypsela glabrous, a few- to several-ribbed, cylindrical or angled, pistillate ones sometimes scarcely 2- or 3-winged or -angled. Pappus of an inconspicuous scaly crown, or absent . A genus consisting of nearly 200 spp. (in a broad sense) and distributed over Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, or consisting of five spp. (in a strict sense) and distributed over Eurasia and Mediterranean; three spp. found in USA (in a strict sense). 1. Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. , Sp. PI. 888 (1753). ox-eye daisy, white weed Leucanthemum vulgare Lam., FI. Fr. 2:137 ■(iT7sy. - — Perennial, rhizomatous, fibrous-rooted, glabrous herbs. Stem 1 to a few together, rooting at the bases and forming clumps, branched or not, to 70 cm high. Leaves tending to be basal or absent at least below the 1984 Gandhi & Thomas, KnX.Wmi.dUKL & Sinea (Raf.) Shinners, Field & Lab. 18: 81 (19. >0). tuberous-rooted Indian plantain AmoRlossum plantagineum Raf., FI. Lud. 65 (T81TT” Cacalia tuberosa Nutt., Gen. Am. 2:138 (1818). Similar to (L_ ovata in many aspects; plant body often glaucous on the stem and leaves beneath, to 1.5 m high. Stem dark purple, tending to be angled and/or grooved. Basal leaves elliptic, ovate, obovate, or rhomboid, obtuse to subacute, truncate or subacute at base, with converging nerves, blade to 22 x 8 cm, petiole to 30 cm long. Involucre to 12 x 5 mm; bracts, all or fewer with strong median wings along the keels, 1 ram wide on each face; wings conspicuous at fruiting, about 1 ram wide. Corolla 10.5 ram long, limb 5 x 1.5 mm, lobes 4 x 0.7 mm; style 10.6 mm long, arras 2.4 mm long. Cypsela elliptic or ovoid, greenish-yellow, several-ribbed or appearing grooved, to 3 x 1.5 mm. Pappus bristles 7 mm high. E and Midwestern USA and TX; common in w LA and in pinelands of the Florida parishes; April to July. 3. Cacalia ovata Walter, FI. Carol. 196 (1788). ovate-leaf or lance-leaf Indian plantain Cacalia lanceolata Nutt., Gen. Amer. 2:i38 amr Arnoglossum ovatum (Walter) H. Rob., Phytologia 28:294 (1974) . Plant body often glaucous on the stem and leaves beneath, to 1.5 m high. Stem terete baseward, striate upward. Basal leaves elliptic to ovate, with converging nerves, blade 14 x 10 cm, petiole to 18 cm long; lower cauline leaves elliptic to ovate, obtuse, narrowed into winged petioles, about 22 x 12 cm (including 6 cm long petiole) , becoming deciduous along with the basal leaves. Main peduncle to 15 cm high. Involucre to 10.5 x 5 mm; bracts lanceolate, obtuse often scarious- margined, somewhat keeled but without median wings, to 10 x 2.3 mm. Corolla 10.7 ram long, limb 5x2 mm, lobes 3.2 x 0.3 mm, becoming reflexed; style 10.8 mm long, arms 1.8 mm long. Cypsela cuneate. dark, weakly 236 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 4 to strongly nerved, about 5 x 1.1 ram. Pappus bristles 6 mm high. SC to FI, westward to TX; ovate-leafed forms most common in bay-galls of se LA; lance-leafed forms most common in sw prairies; June to September. 12. Erechtites Raf. Annual, fibrous-rooted, tall herbs. Stem branched in the inflorescence and often below it. Leaves alternate, simple, subentire to lobed, reduced to bracts in the inflorescence. Heads disciform, medium-sized, peduncled, arranged in monchasiums or corymbiform cymes. Involucre 1-seriate, usually cubtended by a few loosely arranged linear short herbaceous bractlets, these passing downward on the peduncle; bracts herbaceous. Receptacle flat, inconspicuously alveolate. Paleae absent. Marginal flowers: pistillate, numberous ; corolla whitish, tubular, slender, 5-toothed; stylar arms exserted, with short apparently pappillate deltoid apices; vmsl as long as the arms. Central flowers; numerous, bisexual; corolla somewhate dilated just below the mouth, otherwise tubular and slender; anthers shorter than the filaments, slightly auricled; connective obutse; pollen grains spinulose; stylar arms almost similar to those of the pistillate ones except for the presence of a tuft of hairs at the bases of the deltoid apices. Cypsela several-nerved, scarcely sericeous. Pappus of numerous capillary deciduous inconspicuously and distantly dentate bristles. A genus consisting of 15 sop. distributed over America, Australia, and New Zealand; three spp. reported from USA. 1. Erechtites hieracifolia (L.) Raf. ex DC., Frodr. 6:294" "(1S38) . Senecio hieracifolia L. , Sp. PI. 866 (1753). Plant body glabrescent or thinly covered with jointed trichomes, to 2 m high. Leaves narrowly elliptic, ovate, lanceolate, or oblanceolate , acute, serrate or toothed, gradually becoming smaller upward; lower leaves narrowed into petioles; median and upper leaves attenuate baseward, petioled, or with broad sessile and somewhat clasping bases. Heads several to many. Peduncles 2 to 5 cm high. Involucre to 14 x 9 mm (at anthesis) ; bracts as many as 12, linear to oblong, acute, scarious-margined, subequal or unequal, to 1.5 mm wide. Pistillate flowers: 100(+); corolla 12 to 15 mm long, teeth 0.3 x 0.2 mm; style 13 to 16 1984 Gandhi & Thomas, Av\£\\.137 13/2/975 tn(*eraon, h. "•m#by a a. In too 2986606 Flop alva, yutrod&aa roohoaoa na bopJa d» chapa da. NATIONAL HERBARIUM AZomZeZZa hatschbachii R. M. King & H. Robinson, Isotype, United States National Herbarium. Photos by Victor E. Krantz , Staff Photographer, National Museum of Natural History. STUDIES IN THE HELIANTHEAE (ASTERACEAE) . XXXX. A NEW SPECIES OF WULFFTA FROM ECUADOR. Harold Robinson Department of Botany Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., 20560. A series of collections of the family Asteraceae obtained from the Botanical Institute, University of Aarhus contains material of a remarkably distinct species of the genus Wutffia. WIILFFIA MACROCEPHALA H. Robinson, sp. nov. Plantae fruticosae ad 1.2 m altae laxe mediocriter ramosae. Caules fulvo-virides subhexagonales leniter striati breviter appresse strigosi et strigulosi propre nodis densius strigosi. Folia opposita, petiolis 1. 5-4.0 cm longis ; laminae ovatae pler- umque 10-16 cm longae et 4. 0-8. 5 cm latae base obtusae vel brev¬ iter acutae et breviter acuminatae margine remote distincte serratae apice anguste leniter acuminatae supra perparce appresse strigosae subglabrae subtus appresse breviter strigosae fere ad sed distincte supra basem ascendentiter trinervatae. Inflores- centiae plerumque unicapitatae , pedicellis 3-9 cm longis appresse strigosis superne densius strigosis. Capitula late campanulata ca. 1.2 mm alta vetusta ad 18 mm alta; squamae involucri ca. 20 herbaceae ultimate patentes subaequales oblongae vel breviter acutae 3-4 mm latae plerumque 11-12 mm longae vetustae ad 18 mm longae apice obtusae utrinque breviter strigosae; paleae oblongae ca. 10 mm longae ad 3 mm latae apice acutae et minute apiculatae extus striato-venulosae dense breviter strigosae. Flores radii ca. 11 in capitulo steriles; corolla rubro-aurantiaceae , tubis ca. 1.5 mm longis in partibus majoribus glabris apice minute hispid- ulo-spiculiferis , limbis ca. 15 mm longis et 4. 5-5.0 mm latis apice minute trilobatis subtus margine dense minute hispidulo- spiculiferis et in medio minute puberulis. Flores disci ca. 60 in capitulo; corolla aurantiaceae ca. 8 mm longae, tubis 0. 8-1.0 mm longis glabris, faucibus longe cy lindrico-carapanulatis 5. 5-6.0 mm longis extus ubique minute hispidulo-spiculiferis , lobis ovato-triangularibus ca. 1 mm longis et 0.7 mm latis extus dense minute hispidulo-spiculiferis intus margine dense longe papillate fimbriatis in medio saepe perparce minute hispidulo-spiculiferis; filamenta in parte superiore ca. 0.8 mm longa; thecae 2. 0-2. 5 mm longae; appendices antherarum flavae ovatae ca. 0.5 mm longae et 0.45 ram latae extus in medio glandulif erae . Achaenia obpyrami- data superne truncata 5-6 mm longa et 3 mm lata plerumque glabra in superficiis apicalibus sparse minute spiculifera, cicatricibus apicalibus centralibus ca. 0.4 mm latis vix prominulis ; pappus nullus. Grana pollinis in diametro 30-32 pm. 259 260 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 4 TYPE: ECUADOR: Pastaza: Lorocachi. Pica a Lagatococha a 1 hora siguiendo margen derecha del Rio Curaray, sector sur del campamento railitar. Alt. 200 m. (75°59'W 1°39'S). Junio 1, 1980. Shrub 1 m in primary forest. Inflorescence reddish orange. J. JavamiZZo, F. CoeZZo 6 A. Fveire 31746 (Holotype, AAU; isotype, US). PARATYPES : ECUADOR: Pastaza: Lorocachi. A 3 km, margen izquierda del Rio Curaray, aguas abajo, al sur este del campa¬ mento militar. Bosque primario y secundario. Alt. 200 m. (75° 58'W 1°38'S) Mayo 27, 1980. Vine in primary forest. Calyx green. Corolla pinkish red. Fruits green. J. JaramiZZo , F. CoeZZo <§ A. Freire 31334 (AAU); Napo: Between Proyecto Buffalo and Proyecto INCRAE, about 12-13 km from Lago Agrio on via San Miguel. Cultivated disturbed area with some remnants of primary forest. Alt. 300. (77°53'W 0°10'N). April 4, 1980. Shrub 1.2 ra. Flowers orange red. Stem and lower surface of leaves subscabrous. J. Brandbyge , E. Asanza C. 6 L. Reib 30444 (AAU, US). A number of different species names have been used in the genus WuZffia, but previously known material all falls close to or into the concept of WuZffia baooata (L.f.) O.Kuntze which is often considered to be the only species in the genus. None of the previous material gives a hint of the degree of distinction seen in the present species from amazonian Ecuador. Actually, the large usually solitary heads and the elongate involucral bracts caused some concern regarding the generic relationship. Nevertheless, the habit and leaf form, the striated apiculate paleae, and the form of the disk corollas with their often retrorse minute spicules closely match the condition in WuZffia baooata. The achenes with the broad truncate apices are clearly the type seen in the WuZffia-MeZanthera relationship, and the pappus is lacking as in WuZffia. The dried achene surfaces in the new species show no evidence of the fleshiness that is char¬ acteristic of W. baooata, but collection data indicates the achenes are green and some softeness may be discovered in living material. The reddish flowers of the new species are distinct from the yellowish form usually seen in W. baooata, but orange to reddish flowers have been noted in other material of the genus. 1984 Robinson, A new species of Wuut^-ia 261 No. J17»t lJt(r«c«u HERBARIUM JUTIANOICUM (AAU Prov. tkSlkZA : lorocachl. Pica a La* a toco- ha a 1 fcora alguiartdo aargan Ocracha dal Rio Cura ray. aactor aur Oal c oa( aaanto allllar. Ml. 200 a. 1*39aS) Junic 1. 190C. AAAMUS uNtvtasm t Shrut> 1 a in priaary for act . In/1 erase anc • racdish oranga. Wulffia macroeephala H. Robinson, Holotype , Herbarium Jutlandicum, Aarhus. Photo by Victor E. Krantz , Staff Photo¬ grapher, National Museum of Natural History. STUDIES IN THE HELIANTHEAE (ASTERACEAE) . XXXIX. NEW SPECIES OF ASPILIA FROM BRAZIL. Harold Robinson Department of Botany Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., 20560. The present paper continues the process of describing new species of AspiZia from South America, a process begun in a previous paper in a series on the WedeZia- AspiZia complex in Brazil (Robinson, 1984b). The species descriptions and notes provided here hopefully bring the coverage of the genus in the area to the level attained for WedeZia in Brazil in another of the recent studies (Robinson, 1984a). The generic limits of WedeZia and AspiZia, however, remain less adequately defined than those of two other related brasilian genera that have been studied recently, Dimerosterma Cassini (Robinson, 1984c) and AngeZphytum Barroso (Robinson, 1984d) . In the present treatment, AspiZia is defined in the tradi¬ tional way as those Ecliptine Heliantheae having a constricted apical crown bearing all the pappus elements, having little or no wing on the achene , and having sterile rays. As such, the genus shows many parallels in detailed characters with the related genus WedeZia which differs by having fertile rays. While some readjustment of generic lines seems inevitable, essential aspects of such a revision are still impossible to predict. Fortunately, obvious related groups of species do not seem to vary in the sterility or fertility of their rays. In spite of the indications of its artificial limits, AspiZia shows a remarkable tendency to contain all the species in the WedeZia-AspiZia complex that have distinct fiber sheaths on the veins of the disk corollas and have black anther appendages (exception W. brachyeaupa Baker). In addition, as seen in the present series, the basal tube of the ray corolla is glabrous or scarcely pubescent in species of AspiZia in Brazil but is often pubescent in brasilian WedeZia. The brasilian species of AspiZia also more often have subsessile leaves, and the few seen with petioles seem generally anomalous, A. Zatissima Malme ( de Paula & Coneeigao 1664; US; IBGE) in the broad leaf blades and the narrow wings on the petioles, and A. pseudoyedaea in the Oyedaea- like habit and the Dimevostemma- like shape of the disk corollas. In the present effort a few older concepts of AspiZia speci¬ es have been examined. Two species from Goias , A. aspewima (Gardn.) Baker (specimens seen Hevingev 15568, Maeedo 4418 ) and A. attenuata (Gardn.) Baker (specimen seen Hevingev 15305) are notable for the stout form of the aristae on the achenes and the lack of a well-developed constriction under the pappus, for 262 1984 Robinson, New species of AipIZIa. 263 which reason both species were originally described in the genus Viguiera. Aspilia lineari folia Baker (A. linearis Blake, non A. linear- ifolia Oliver & Hiern) is evidently Viguiera aspilioides Baker. Material under the name Aspilia setosa Griseb. has been reexamined and proves to include a variety of species. The typi¬ cal element based on Argentinian material is close to A. monte- vidensis (Spreng.) O.Kuntze and has been reduced to a variety of the latter by Cabrera (1970). Other elements include the follow¬ ing. A few specimens that have been identified as Aspilia setosa prove to be A. reflexa Baker which is usually readily recognized by its distally broader and coarsely serrate upper leaves and its more rounded basal leaves. Three specimens reported and distrib¬ uted under the name A. setosa , King 8185 , 8214, and 8229 prove to be Wedelia bishopii H. Robinson. A large series of specimens under the name Aspilia setosa have proven to be A. hivsuta (Gardn.) Benth.& Hook.f. ex Jackson & Hook.f. Examples of the species seen include King 8258 , 8744, 8937 ; Davidse & Ramamoorthy 10728; Mori & Funch 13385; Hoehn & Gekrt 17460; Irwin et at. 9837, 10525, 25044, 28261; and Anderson et at. 35310. The name A. hirsuta has most often been placed in the synonymy of A. foliacea (Spreng.) Baker, but the former is distinct in its longer foliose stems with more consistently elliptical leaves, by its longer straighter hairs on the stems leaves and involucral bracts, and by the distinctly shorter more rounded tips of the paleae in the heads. A recent collection of Aspilia wamringii Baker ( King & Bishop 8565) comparing closely with the type photograph, shows a similarity to A. hirsuta , but it has more sharply serrate leaves, shorter asperulous to hirtellpus pubescence, and more prominent lower secondary veins in the leaves that often produce a distinct trinervation. The tips of the paleae are very broad and rounded. A considerable amount of material from Minas Gerais and Bahia has been redetermined as Aspilia fruticosa (Gardn.) Baker including those determined as A. parvi folia Mattfeld which seems to be a synonym. Also included are Irwin et at. 20717 and 23119 that were identified as A. clausseniana Baker, a less shrubby species from farther south in Brazil. A somewhat similar plant under the latter name seems to be the variously ternately or alternately leaved Aspilia anomala Baker. Other shrubby plants with linear leaves and narrower involucral bracts , including some from Bahia that have been called A. parvifolia Mattf., Carvalho et at. 969, King 6 Bishop 8747, and 8776 appear to be A. foliosa (Gardn.) Baker. A number of plants from Minas Gerais and Goias with usually erect stems from a xy lopodium, with ascending branches above, with rather smooth elliptical leaves, and with terminal heads having large herbaceous involucral bracts seem to all represent Aspilia laevissima Baker. These include three specimens from 264 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 4 Goias , Maguire, Maguire 8 Fires 44802; Irwin et al. 10397; and King 8 Bishop 8974, and one from western Minas Gerais, Pereira 142, having black anther appendages, and four from the Cerro Cipo area of Minas Gerais, Maguire, Maguire & Fires 44636; and King 6 Bishop 8442, 8451, and 8460, having pale anther appendages. In addition, the following nine species are described as new, one from Bolivia and eight from Brazil. ASPILIA BISHOPLECTA H. Robinson, sp. nov. Plantae suf f ruticosae e xylopodiis erectae ad 0.7 m altae mediocriter ramosae. Caules brunnescentes superne pallidiores teretes dense hispidi et hispiduli. Folia opposita, petiolis nullis vel subnullis; laminae oblongo-ovatae vel ellipticae 2.0- 4.5 cm longae et 0.7-1. 7 cm latae base rotundatae margine integ- rae vel pauce serrulatae leniter vel distincte anguste reflexae apice acutae vel subobtusae supra dense scabridae subtus hispid- ulae vel leniter velutinae in nervis secundariis pinnatae. In- f lorescentiae terminates plerumque pluri-capitatae , pedunculis 1-7 mm longis dense canescentiter hispidulis. Capitula late campanulata 14-15 mm alta; squamae involucri ca. 30 oblongae imbricatae graduatae 1.5-10.0 mm longae et 1-4 mm latae plerumque pallidae et extus glabrae apice virides erectae obtusae vel breviter acutae vel vix apiculatae scabridulae; paleae flavae oblongae ad 10 mm longae et 1.5 mm latae glabrae apice ovatae et denticulatae acutae. Flores radii ca. 14 in capitulo; corollae flavae, tubis ca. 4 mm longis angustis glabris , limbis ca. 10 mm longis et 5 mm latis apice bilobatis. Flores disci 30-35 in capitulo; corollae flavae 8-9 mm longae, tubis ca. 3 mm longis glabris, faucibus longe campanulatis ca. 4 ram longis extus glabris in nervis fibrillosis, lobis triangularibus ca. 1 mm longis et 0.8 mm latis extus dense minute scabridulis intus margine dense longe papillosis; filamenta in partibus superioribus ca. 0.5 mm longa vix incrassata; thecae antherarum ca. 3 mm longae; appendi¬ ces antherarum nigrescentes ca. 0.45 mm longae et 0.37 mm latae extus glanduliferae . Achaenia submatura ca. 6 mm longa hispido- setulifera, setulis tenuibus profunde bifurcatis, coronis apical- ibus valde constricta ad 0.3 mm latis minute squamelliferis non aristiferis. Grana pollinis in diametro ca. 32 pm. TYPE: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: 28 km along road, NE of Barrocao, towards Salinas. Elev. 2600 ft. Subshrub with woody xylopodium, 3 dm tall, flowers yellow. Jan. 21, 1981. R.M.King & L.E. Bishop 8584 (Holotype , UB; isotype, US). PARATYPE : BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Estrada Tres Marias a Corinto, km 36. Subarbusto 70 cm, capitul- os amarelos. 30.11.1976. G. L. Shepherd, J.B.de Andrade, L.S. Kinoshita 8 J . Y . Tamashiro 3820 (US). The species bears showy clusters of large heads notable for their many graduated pale involucral bracts with green apical margins. The erect and sometimes slightly apiculate tips of the bracts are reminiscent of Aspilia ramosissima (Gardn) H. Robinson, comb. nov. ( Viguiera ramosissima Gardn., London J. Bot. 7: 402. 1984 Robinson, New species of A^aJClo. 265 1848) and A, floribunda (Gardn.) Baker, but the heads of the latter are much smaller and their anther appendages are distinct¬ ly yellow. The involucral bracts in A. ramosissima are much more strongly apiculate to long-mucronate and the bracts in A. flori- bunda are more acute. The actual relationship of the new species is probably closer to shrubby species such as A, fruticosa (Gardn.) Baker and A. andevsonii H. Robins., but the heads of the latter are smaller with less series of involucral bracts, and the tips of the bracts are longer and strongly reflexed. The name of the species honors the collector. Dr. L. E. Bishop . ASPILIA CARDENASII H, Robinson, sp. nov. Plantae suff ruticosae ad 30-60 cm altae mediocriter ramosae. Caules fulvo-virides in partibus rufescentes teretes leniter striati breviter appresse strigosi. Folia opposita, petiolis indistinctis 1-2 mm longis ; laminae lanceolatae vel lineari- lanceolatae 4. 5-8.0 cm longae et 0.4-1. 2 cm latae base subobtusae vel anguste rotundatae margine integrae vel subintegrae anguste leniter reflexae apice anguste acutae supra breviter strigosae subtus pallidiores in nervis breviter strigosae et aliter sparse strigulosae fere ad basem distincte sublongitudinaliter triner- vatae. Inf lorescentiae in ramis terminales pauci-capitatae , pedicellis plerumque 1-2 cm longis dense breviter albo-strigosis . Capitula late campanulata 9-11 mm alta; squamae involucri ca. 12 imbricatae leniter graduatae ca. 3-seriatae oblongae plerumque 5-6 mm longae et 1. 5-2.0 mm latae base pallidae supra mediam plerumque herbaceae erectae vel interdum superne patentes apice obtusae et in marginem anguste recurvatae, squamae interiores apice solum subherbaceae ; paleae 7-9 mm longae in partibus major- ibus inferioribus oblongis plerumque 2 mm latis superne in lobis truncatis demarcatae extus superne rubro-maculatae , paleae in partibus apicalibus valde angustiores triangulares ca. 1.5 mm longae et 1 mm latae apice acutae extus minute scrabidulae. Flores radii ca. 10 in capitulo; corollae albae, tubis angustis ca. 2.5 mm longis plerumque glabris , limbis oblongis ad 8 mm longis et 2 mm latis apice profunde ad 4 mm bilobatis extus sparse puberulis. Flores disci ca. 20 in capitulo; corollae albae 7-8 mm longae, tubis 3.0-3. 5 mm longis glabris, faucibus leniter campanulatis (1-) 2.0-2. 5 mm longis extus sparse puber¬ ulis base sensim densioribus et pauce scrabidulis in nervis fibrillosis, lobis anguste oblongis vel linearibus ca. 2 mm longis et 0.7 mm latis extus plerumque laevibus superne minute scabridulis margine persparse minute puberulis intus inferne laevibus superne leniter mamillosis; filamenta in partibus superioribus ca. 0.4 mm longa vix incrassata; thecae ca. 3 mm longae; appendices antherarum nigrescentes ca. 0.5 mm longae et 0.4 mm latae extus glanduliferae . Achaenia oblonga ca. 5 mm longa et 2.5 mm lata hispido-setulifera , setulis tenuibus longe bifurcatis, lineis callosis inferioribus 4 distinctis, coronis 266 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 4 apicalibus valde constricta ad 1 mm latis margine minute squamel- liferis perbreviter biaristatis, aristis solum ad 0.3 mm longis. Grana pollinis in diametro 30-33 pm. TYPE: BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: San Micerato-Santiago de Chiquitos . 970 m. Among grasses in sandstone hills. 30-60 cm high, flowers white. 11-50. Cdrdenas 4563 (Holotype, US). The species superficially resembles Aspilia floribunda (Gardn.) Baker, but the tips of the involucral bracts are less differentiated, the anther appendages are black, and the ray and disk corollas are white and deeply lobed. ASPILIA CYLINDROCEPHALA H. Robinson, sp. nov. Plantae suf f ruticosae ad 1 m altae pauce ramosae. Caules rubescentes teretes vix striati strigosi et minute hispiduli. Folia opposita, petiolis subnullis ca. 1 mm longis; laminae anguste oblongae vel lineares 1.5-4. 5 cm longae et 0. 2-0.6 cm latae base acutae margine integrae anguste revolutae scabridae apice obtusae supra dense pilosulae et sparse scabridae subtus pallidiores velutinae in nervis primariis scabridae, nervis pinnatis. Inf lorescentiae in ramis terminales subglomeratae pauci-capitatae , pedicellis 1-5 mm longis dense albo-hispidulis . Capitula cylindrica ca. 9 mm alta et 4 mm lata; squamae involucri ca. 35 imbricatae graduatae ca. 5-seriatae 1-6 mm longae extus in partibus majoribus pallidae et glabrae superne herbaceo-appendic- ulatae virides et lateraliter rubescentes hispidulae apice sub- truncatae vel obtusae et submucronatae erectae vel saepe reflexae; paleae 7-8 mm longae et ca. 1.5 mm latae apice rubescentes obtus¬ ae vel breviter acutae plerumque in marginem pilosulae. Flores radii 6-7 in capitulo; corollae flavae, tubis ca. 3.7 mm longis glabris, limbis ovalis ca. 5 mm longis et 2.5 mm latis apice ad 1 mm bilobatis. Flores disci 5 in capitulo; corollae flavae ca. 6 mm longae, tubis ca. 1.5 mm longis glabris, faucibus ca. 3.5 mm longis extus glabris in nervis leniter fibrillosis, lobis tri- angularibus ca. 0.6 mm longis et latis extus dense minute scab- ridulis intus margine dense longe papillosis; filamenta in parte superiore ca. 0.4 mm longa vix incrassata; thecae 2.5-2. 8 mm longae; appendices antherarum nigrescentes ca. 0.4 mm longae et 0.35 mm latae extus glandulif erae . Achaenia oblonga ca. 6.5 mm longa et ca. 2.2 mm lata hispidulo-setulifera , setulis tenuibus profunde bifurcatis, coronis apicalibus valde angustiores ca. 0.7 mm latis margine perminute setulo-squamelliferis non arist- atis. Grana pollinis in diametro 25-27 pm. TYPE: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Serra do Cabral, immediately E of Joaquim Felicio, campo and sparse cerrado on upper slopes. Elev. ca. 1000 m. Subshrub to ca. 1 m tall; rays yellow, disc yellow-brown. 6 March 1970. H.S. Irwin, S.F.da Fonseca, R. Souza, R.Reis dos Santos, J. Ramos 27007 (Holotype, UB ; isotype, US). The material of the new species was originally determined and distributed as Aspilia floribunda (Gardn.) Baker which it resembles in the narrow leaves, the multiseriate graduated 1984 Robinson, New species of AkpAjLia. 267 involucral bracts, and the slight tendency for mucronate tips on the bracts. The new species differs, however, in the more abrupt¬ ly differentiated often reflexed tips of the bracts and by the black anther appendages. In the latter characters and the some¬ what woodier appearance the species seems closer in relationship to A, fruticosa (Gardn.) Baker and its allies, but the involucral bracts are in more series with shorter reflexed tips. The species is distinct from all relatives by the narrowness of the heads and the presence of only five flowers in the disk. The habit of the plant is very similar to species of the Eupatorine genus Chromolaena , especially C, ivaefolia (L.) K.& R. ASPILIA HERINGERIANA H. Robinson, sp. nov. Plantae suf f ruticosae 1 m altae? mediocriter ramosae. Caules brunnescentes teretes vix striati dense strigosi. Folia opposita, petiolis indistincte demarcatis 1-2 mm longis ; laminae lanceolatae 4-13 cm longae et 0.9-1. 8 cm latae base acutae atten- uatae margine remote subserrulatae planae vel interdum anguste reflexae apice anguste acuminatae supra strigosae et strigulosae subtus velutinae et in nervis primariis dense strigosae, nervis secundariis ascendentiter pinnatis. Inf lorescentiae in ramis terminales subaggregatae pauci-capitatae , pedicellis 5-15 mm longis dense albo-strigosis vel subhispidulis . Capitula late campanulata ca. 10 mm alta; squamae involucri purpureae exter- iores ca. 14 lanceolatae 5-10 mm longae base ad 1.5 mm latae superne sensim herbaceae et laxe reflexae apice anguste acutae in partibus reflexis supra virides et scabrido-pilosulae subtus violaceae albo-velutinae , squamae interiores ca. 6 ad 10 mm longae et 3.5 mm latae apice rotundatae vel obtusae et irregular- iter denticulatae extus inferiore glabrae superne subglabrae vel minute puberulae; paleae in partibus basilaribus oblongae ca. 7 mm longae pallidae ad 1. 5-2.0 mm latae in partibus apicalibus ovato-appendiculatae ca. 1.5 mm longae et 0.7 mm latae rubes- centes apice breviter acutae glabrae vel subglabrae. Flores radii ca. 6 in capitulo; corollae flavae, tubis angustis ca. 4 mm longis glabris, limbis oblongo-ellipticis ca. 9 mm longis et 4.5 mm latis apice breviter bilobatis base in marginem pauce puberulis. Flores disci ca. 20 in capitulo; corollae flavae 7.0- 7.5 mm longae, tubis ca. 1.7 mm longis glabris, faucibus leniter campanulatis ca. 4.5 mm longis extus glabris in nervis distincte fibrillosis, lobis triangularibus ca. 0.9 mm longis et 0.7 mm latis extus minute puberulis perpauce breviter spiculiferis intus praeter basem dense breviter papillosis; filaraenta in partibus superioribus ca. 0.3 mm longa vix incrassata; thecae ca. 3 mm longae; appendices antherarum nigrescentes ca. 0.5 mm longae et 0.4 mm latae extus glanduliferae et minute setuliferae. Achaenia oblonga ca. 5.5 mm longa superne ad 1 . 8 mm lata sericeo-setuli- fera, setulis leniter flexuosis longe bifurcatis, coronis apical¬ ibus leniter sed distincte angustioribus ad 1.2 ram latis margine squamelliferis et minute biaristatis, aristis ad 0.3 mm longis. 268 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 4 Grana pollinis in diametro ca. 30 pm. TYPE: BRAZIL: Goias : Municipio de Formosa, Rio Tiquiri. Cerrado, f lores amarelas . 25 Maio 1967. E.P.Heringer 11466 (Holotype, IBGE; isotype, US). Asvilia hevingeipiana shows some similarity to the A. fruti- oosa group of the genus by its graduated involucral bracts, but it is thoroughly distinct in the purplish color of the bracts, the lanceolate shape of the outer bracts, and the strongly differ¬ entiated round-tipped inner bracts. The corolla lobes of the disk flowers also seem unusual in the genus by their near lack of spicules on the outer surface and the more uniform papillosity on the inner surface. ASPILIA HISPIDANTHA H. Robinson, sp. nov. Plantae herbaceae perennes e xylopodiis erectae ca. 0.5 m altae non vel solum superne pauce ramosae. Caules brunnescentes teretes dense scabri vel scabriduli. Folia opposita, petiolis subnullis 1-2 mm longis ; laminae oblongo-ellipticae 2. 5-4. 5 cm longae et 0.3-1. 2 cm latae base obtusae vel acutae margine pler- umque integrae interdum pauce subserrulatae anguste reflexae apice obtusae vel breviter acutae supra in nervis primariis prominentes aliter sublaeves antrorse appresse scabridulae subtus leniter ascendentiter pinnato-nervatae irregulariter scabridae in nervis longius . Inf lorescentiae terminales in ramis uni-capit- atae, pedunculis plerumque 3-7 cm longis superne sensim dense canescentiter scabridulis. Capitula late campanulata ca. 12 mm alta; squamae involucri exteriores herbaceae 5-10 integrae late oblongae vel late ovatae 10-14 mm longae et 4-8 mm latae apice obtusae extus puberulae et scabridulae vel pilosulae, squamae interiores 6-7 late oblongae ca. 8 mm longae et ca. 5 mm latae margine late scariosae et pilosulo-f imbriatae apice rotundatae; paleae oblongae ca. 8 mm longae et ca, 3 mm latae extus glabrae superne angustiores et denticulatae apice ovato-appendiculatae , appendicibus ca. 2 ram longis et 1.5 mm latis leniter rufescent- ibus margine minute denticulatis apice rotundatis vel vix obtusis extus in medio minute appresse puberulis. Flores radii 7-10 in capitulo; corollae flavae, tubis ca. 1. 5-3.0 mm longis angustis glabris, limbis 15-17 mm longis et 6-8 mm latis apice bi- vel tri-lobatis. Flores disci 35-50 in capitulo; corollae flavae 5. 5-7.0 mm longae, tubis 1.5-2. 5 mm longis glabris, faucibus longe campanulatis 3. 0-3. 5 mm longis extus glabris in nervis non vel vix fibrillosis, lobis triangularibus 0. 8-1.0 mm longis et latis extus infeme pauce minute puberulis superne sensim dense scabridulis intus margine dense longe papillosis; fila¬ ments in partibus superioribus ca. 0.3 mm longa aliquantum incrassata; thecae ca. 2.5 mm longis in lineis interioribus et in connectivis minute hispidulae; appendices antherarum flavae ovatae ca. 0.5 ram longae et 0.4 mm latae extus glanduliferae. Achaenia obpyramidata ca. 6 mm longa et ca. 3.5 mm lata hispido- setulifera, setulis tenuibus profunde bifurcatis, coronis 1984 Robinson, New species of Aip-tX/UX 269 apicalibus valde constrictis ad 1.5 mm latis vix biaristatis et margine breviter squamelliferis , aristis 0.3-1. 5 mm longis. Grana pollinis in diametro ca. 30 pm. TYPE: BRAZIL: Bahia: 8 km along road S of Mucuge, 2-5 km E along base of mountain. Elev. 2800-3000 ft. Stiff herb from xylopodium, flowers yellow. Feb. 1, 1981. E.M.King & L.E. Bishop 8761 (Holotype , UB ; isotype, US). PARATYPES : BRAZIL: Bahia: Vicinity of Pico das Almas, ca. 20 km NW of the town of Rio das Contas. Elev. 3500-4600 ft. Stems decumbent from woody xylo¬ podium, flowers yellow. Jan. 25, 1981. E.M.King & L.E. Bishop 8653 (US); 37 km E of Seabra along road towards Itaberaba. Elev. 2200 ft. Stiff herb from xylopodium, flowers yellow. Feb. 2, 1981. E.M.King & L.E. Bishop 8778 (US). The new species is notable for the breadth of the herbaceous involucral bracts and for the minute hairs on and beside the connectives of the anthers. Two of the specimens, 8653 and 8761, have ca. 8-10 involucral bracts while 8778 has only about five. The closest relative may be Aspilia cupulata Blake ( Oyedaea angustif 'olia Gardn., not Aspilia cmgustifolia Oliver & Hiern) of eastern Brazil in Piauhy and Bahia (recent collections King 8 Bishop 8594 , 8677). The latter has narrower involucral bracts, longer and narrowly oblong disk corolla lobes with red-tinged margins, and has no minute hairs on the anther connectives. It is the minute hairs abaxially on the anthers after which the new species is named. ASPILIA PSEUDOVIGUIERA H. Robinson, sp. nov. Plantae herbaceae perennes erectae ad 1.2 m altae non vel pauce ramosae. Caules cinereo-brunnescentes teretes leniter striati dense strigulosi, internodis primariis elongatis ad 14 cm longis. Folia opposita, petiolis nullis; laminae lineares 4-13 cm longae et ad 0.6 cm latae base ca. 2 mm latae margine remote serrulatae apice anguste acutae supra strigulosae subtus in nervis majoribus strigulosae aliter asperulaceae fere ad basem longitudinaliter trinervatae. Inf lorescentiae terminales laxe cymosae alternate ramosae plerumque 9-capitatae, pedicellis 15- 30 mm longis dense albo-strigosis . Capitula late campanulata 10-13 mm alta; squamae involucri ca. 14 valde imbricatae ca. 3- seriatae leniter graduatae late ovatae vel late oblongae 4-7 mm longae et 3-5 mm latae, squamae exteriores apice sensim virid- iores obtusae sparse pilosulae vel strigulosae, squamae inter- iores apice late rotundatae scariosae glabrae; paleae ca. 9 mm longae in partibus basilaribus oblongae ad 1.5 mm latae in part- ibus appendiculatis flavescentes ovato-ob longae 1.5 mm longae et 270 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 4 ca. 0.8 mm latae apice anguste acutae. Flores radii 12-14 in capitulo; corollae flavae, tubis angustis 2. 5-3.0 mm longis glabris, limbis ellipticis 16-17 mm longis et 5. 0-5. 5 mm latis apice breviter inciso-bilobatis base in marginem hirtellis subtus in nervis majoribus minute puberulis . Flores disci ca. 60 in capitulo; corollae flavae 6-7 mm longae, tubis 1. 8-3.0 mm longis glabris, faucibus leniter campanulatis 2. 7-3. 3 mm longis extus plerumque glabris base pauce minute puberulis et perpauce minute strigulosis in nervis non fibrillosis, lobis triangularibus ca. 0.6 mm longis et 0.6-0. 7 mm latis extus dense breviter spicul- iferis inferne pauce minute puberulis intus praeter basem papil- losis margine longius ; filamenta in partibus superioribus ca. 0.3 mm longa leniter incrassata; thecae 2.0-2. 5 mm longae; appendices antherarum flavae late ovatae ca. 0.4 mm longae et latae extus glandulif erae. Achaenia anguste oblonga ca. 4.8 mm longae et 1 mm lata sericeo-setulifera , setulis non flexuosis apice breviter bifurcatis, coronis apicalibus subtiliter constrictis in sinis breviter alatis , aristis 2 ad 1.0-1. 5 mm longis, squamellis distinctis ad 0.5-0. 7 mm longis. Grana pollinis in diametro 25-27 pm. TYPE: BRAZIL: Mato Grosso do Sul: Mun. Mundo Novo. Porto Frangeli. Ereta, 1 m 20 , capitulos amarelos , Vargedos inundave- is. 10/12/1982. G.Hatschbach 45839 (Holotype, MBM; iostype, US) . The new species has an apical crown with broad aristae and slight wings resulting in a nearly unconstricted appearance more like a Viguiera. Such achenes are also seen in A. asperrima (Gardn.) Baker and A. attenuata (Gardn.) Baker of Goias , but the latter two differ by having among other things, broader leaves more coarsely pubescent outer involucral bracts, less strongly differentiated inner involucral bracts, more abruptly constrict¬ ed and more medially costate appendages on the paleae, and longer lobes on the disk corollas with a highly differentiated fringe of marginal papillae. The latter two species and the petiolate A. latissuna Malme are all like the present species in the less flexuose shallowly bifid setulae on their achenes. In spite of the great difference in leaf shape, A. latissima , having the same type of elongate achenes and occurring in similar pantanal habitats in the same geographical area, might be the closest relative . ASPILIA PSEUDOYEDAEA H. Robinson, sp. nov. Plantae suf f ruticosae ad 1.5 m altae mediocriter ramosae. Caules brunnescentes rubrotincti teretes striati dense breviter hirsuti et hirtelli. Folia opposita, petiolis 5-12 mm longis distaliter subabrupte delimitatis; laminae ovales plerumque 5-12 cm longae et 2-5 cm latae base rotundatae et sensim breviter acuminatae margine irregulariter subserrulatae et minime anguste reflexae apice acutae supra scabridae in nervis majoribus anguste distincte prominulae subtus leniter pallidiores dense 1984 Robinson, New species of Aip-CHa. 271 pilosae in nervis distincte prominentes, nervis secundariis pinnatis leniter ascendentiter arcuatis in sextis inferioribus valdioribus. Inf lorescentiae in ramis terminales subaggregatae raulticapitatae , pedicellis 5-10 mm longis dense pallide hispid- ulis. Capitula late cylindrica 10-12 mm alta; squamae involucri ca. 16 imbricatae inaequales ca. 3-seriatae late oblongae 3-7 mm longae et 2-4 mm latae apice rotundatae margine ciliato-f imbriat- ae exteriores extus in medio pilosulae; paleae fulvescentes ca. 7 mm longae inferne ad 2 mm latae superne sensim angustiores et in appendicibus rotundatis ca. 1 mm longis et latis terminatae. Flores radii ca. 8; corollae flavae, tubis ca. 2.5 mm longis glabris, limbis ovalibus ca. 5 mm longis et 2.5 mm latis glabris minute trilobatis. Flores disci 10-12 in capitulo; corollae flavae ca. 5 mm longae, tubis ca. 1 mm longis glabris, faucibus cylindrico-campanulatis ca. 3 mm longis extus glabris in nervis non fibrillosis, lobis triangularibus ca. 1.3 mm longis et ca. 0.9 mm latis extus dense minute obtuse spiculiferis intus superne plerumque in marginem dense longe papillosis, ductis resiniferis distinctis; filamenta in partibus superioribus ca. 0.4 mm longa distincte incrassata; thecae ca. 2.2 mm longae; appendices antherarum flavae ca. 0.5 mm longae et 0.4 mm latae extus glanduliferae . Achaenia leniter obpyramidata ca. 6 mm longa et 2 ram lata minute pilosulo-setulif era , setulis tenuibus flexuosis profunde bifurcatis, coronis apicalibus distincte leniter constrictis ca. 1.3 mm latis margine non aristatis dense squamelliferis , squamellis ca. 0.2 mm longis. Grana pollinis in diametro ca. 25-27 pm. TYPE: BRAZIL: Distrito Federal: ca. 25 km NW of Brasilia. Wet campo and adjacent gallery margin. Elev. 900 m. Subshrub ca. 1.5 m tall. Rays yellow; disk yellow-brown. 12 May 1966. H.S. Irwin, J.W. Grear,Jr. , R. Souza, R.Reis dos Santos 15792 (Holotype, UB; isotype, US). The name of the new species is intended to reflect the strictly habital resemblance to some members of the Andean genus Oyedaea which differs by having winged, prominently arist- ate achenes without constricted apical crowns, but which usually has distinct petioles and clustered broadly cylindrical heads. The Oyedaea type habit seems unique among the brasilian species of Aspilia. The short basal tubes and cylindrical throats on the disk corollas, the lack of fiber sheaths on the corolla veins, and the thickened anther collar are characters that might indicate relationship to the genus Dimerostemma , but the new species does not have the narrow contorted glanduliferous style branches, winged achenes, thinner leaves, or differentiated outer involucral bracts that are characteristic of the latter. ASPILIA SIMPSONAE H. Robinson, sp. nov. Plantae suf f ruticosae ad 0.5 m altae mediocriter ramosae. Caules fulvo-virides teretes striati hirsuti et hispiduli in nodis densius. Folia opposita, petiolis ca. 1 mm longis; laminae 272 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 4 coriaceae ovatae 2. 5-7.0 cm longae et 0.9-3. 8 cm latae base late rotundatae margine serrulatae apice acutae supra virides subven- ulosae aspero-pilosulae subtus subnitido-virides reticulo-exsculp- tae in nervis majoribus hirsutae aliter hispidae fere ad basem valde trinervatae. Inf lorescentiae terminales corymbosae, pedi- cellis 0. 5-4.0 cm longis dense hirsutis. Capitula late campanu- lata 12-16 mm alta; squamae involucri 15-20 subaequales oblongae 12-15 ram longae et 3-5 mm latae in partibus basilaribus pallides breves in partibus majoribus appendiculatis longae herbaceae apice breviter acutae extus pilosulae; paleae ca. 10 mm longae inferne pallidae ad 3 mm latae glabrae supra median sensim linear- es ca. 0.8 mm latae rubrae extus minute puberulae. Flores radii ca. 14 in capitulo; corollae albae, tubis ca. 4 mm longis angustis glabris , limbis ca. 17 mm longis et 5 mm latis apice bilobatis. Flores disci 25-55 in capitulo; corollae albae 7-8 mm longae, tubis ca. 2 mm longis glabris, faucibus longe campanulatis 4. 5-5.0 mm longis extus plerumque glabris in nervis distincte fibrillosis, lobis triangularibus vel ovato-triangularibus ca. 1 mm longis et 0. 8-0.9 mm latis extus inferne pauce pilosulis margine et superne dense minute scabridulis intus margine et superne papillosis; filamenta in partibus superioribus ca. 0.4 mm longa leniter incrassata; thecae antherarum 3.0-3. 5 mm longae; appendices antherarum nigrescentes ovatae ca. 0.5 mm longae et 0.4 mm latae extus glanduliferae. Achaenia ca. 8 mm longa et 2.5 mm lata hispidulo-setulifera , setulis tenuibus prof unde bifurcatis , coronis apicalibus valde constricta ad 1.5 mm latis margine breviter squamelliferis et biaristatis, aristis ad 1 mm longis sparse pilosulis. Grana pollinis in diametro 30-35 pm. TYPE: BRAZIL: Mato Grosso: 30 km West of Alto do Araguaia on route 364. Herbs to 1 m tall along the road. Ligules white. Chaff in buds deep red. Feb. 10, 1977. B .B . Simpson 8594 (Holotype, US). PARATYPE: BRAZIL: Mato Grosso: Mun. Alto Garqas . Rod. BR 364. Erva 50 cm, capitulos e ligulas alvas . Do cerrado. 14/2/1974. G. Hatsehbach 34165 (US). The paratype specimen was distributed originally as Aspilia leucoglossa Malme which is a mostly unbranched, unicapitate, xylopodial species related to the common A. foliacea (Spreng.) Baker. It has leaves of similar shape to those of the present species but with a much thinner texture. The new species actually seems closest to A. ovalifolia (DC.) Baker of Goias , but that is a much less coarsely pubescent species with more broadly ovate, duller textured, mostly alternate leaves with yellow flowers and broader topped pale paleae. ASPILIA VIEIRAE H. Robinson, sp. nov. Plantae herbaceae perennes e xylopodiis erectae ad 0.4 m altae non vel pauce ramosae. Caules fulvi teretes pauce striati strigosi. Folia opposita sessilia inferiores minores base bracteif ormes ; laminae leniter coriaceae lineari-lanceolatae ad 6-12 cm longae et 0.7-1. 4 cm latae base attenuatae margine remote 1984 Robinson, New species of A4p-c6x.a 273 mucronato-serrulatae apice anguste acutae supra et subtus virides sparse breviter strigosae et exsculpto-venosae fere ad basera sub- longitudinaliter tri- vel quinque-nervatae . Inf lorescentiae terminales et solitariae vel diffusae in ramis terminales uni- capitatae, pedicellis plerumque 3-6 cm longis superne latioribus dense breviter strigosis et strigulosis. Capitula late campanu- lata 12-14 mm alta; squamae involucri 6-8 lanceolatae 15-23 mm longae et 4-5 mm latae herbaceae patentes vel leniter reflexae apice anguste acutae extus dense strigosae; paleae ca. 9 mm long¬ ae in partibus basilaribus oblongae ad 1.5 mm latae extus glabrae superne in denticulis terminatae in partibus apicalibus angust- iores lanceolatae ca. 2.5 mm longae argute acutae extus minute puberulae. Flores radii 8-10 in capitulo; corollae albae, tubis angustis ca. 4.5 mm longis glabris, limbis oblongis ca. 15 mm longis et ca. 5 mm latis base abrupte rotundatis et in marginem minute puberulis apice distincte bilobatis extus in nervis minute puberulis. Flores disci ca. 25-30 in capitulo; corollae albae ca. 7 ram longis, tubis ca. 2.5 mm longis glabris, faucibus len¬ iter campanulatis ca. 4 mm longis extus glabris in nervis dis¬ tincte fibrillosis, lobis triangularibus ca. 0.8 mm longis et 0.7 mm latis extus minute puberulis et dense scabridulis intus margine et superne breviter papillosis; filamenta in partibus superioribus 0.30-0.35 mm longa aliquantum incrassata; thecae ca. 3 mm longae; appendices antherarum nigrescentes ca. 0.4 ram longae et 0.35 mm latae extus glanduliferae . Achaenia obpyramidata ca. 6 mm longa et 3 mm lata sericeo-setulifera, setulis vix flexuosis apice plerumque breviter bifurcatis, coronis apicalibus valde constrictis ad 1.5 mm latis margine distincte squamelliferis et breviter biaristatis, aristis 1.0-1. 5 mm longis dense scabridulis. Grana pollinis in diaraetro ca. 37 pm. TYPE: BRAZIL: Rondonia: A 4 km proximo de Vilhena, 12°45'S- 60°10'W. Campo. Erva de 40 cm de altura; f lores brancas; cilice verde. Solo argiloso. 25/10/1979. M.G. Vieira , J . L . Zarucohi , R.H. Peterson, J .F. Ramos & C.D.A.Mota 614 (Holotype, INPA; isotype, US). PARATYPE: BRAZIL: Rondonia: Vilhena, arredores do aero- porto. Arbusto de 40 cm, flor branca, campo cerrado. 2/1/79. M.G. Silva & A.Pinheiro 4096 (US). The new species has the erect mostly unbranched stems from a xylopodium of the type seen in Asvilia foliacea, A. hirsuta, and A. leuooglossa , but the leaves are of a totally different texture, venulation, shape, and pubescence. The flowers also seem to differ in being white. LITERATURE CITED Cabrera, A. L. 1970. Novedades sinanterologicas entrerrianas . Darwiniana 16: 409-411. Robinson, H. 1984a. Studies in the Heliantheae (Asteraceae) . XXXII. New species of Wedelia from Brasil. Phytologia 274 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 4 55: 389-414. Robinson, H. 1984b. Studies in the Heliantheae (Asteraceae) . XXXIII. New species of Aspilia from South America. Phytologia 55: 415-423. . 1984c. Studies in the Heliantheae (Asteraceae). XXXI. Additions to the genus Di-mevostemma. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 97: 618-626. _ . 1984d. Studies in the Heliantheae (Asteraceae). XXXIV. Redelimitation of the genus Angelphytwn. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. in press. 1984 Robinson, New species of ^p-LLLa 275 Aspilta bzshoplecta H. Robinson, Isotvr National Herbarium. Photos by Victor E. Kra grapher, National Museum of Natural History. United States , Staff Photo- 276 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 4 Aspitia oardenasii H. Robinson, Holotype, United States National Herbarium. 1984 277 Robinson, New species of A-ip-C Lid Aspilia cylindrocephala H. Robinson, Holotype, United States National Herbarium. 278 phytologia Vol- 56, No. 4 1967 AspiUa heringeviana H. Robinson National Herbarium. Isotype, United States 1984 Robinson, New species of Aivi. Jbia. 279 Aspilia hispidantha H. Robinson, Isotype, United States National Herbarium. 280 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 4 Aspilia pseudoviguiera H. Robinson, Isotype, United States National Herbarium. 1984 Robinson, New species of A-ip-c^ca 281 AspiZia pseudoyedaea H. Robinson, Isotype, United States National Herbarium. 282 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 4 Aspilia simpsonae H. Robinson, Holotype, United States National Herbarium. 1984 Robinson, New species of A ip^itLa. 283 2SS6237 •UTRMlAl M|RPar,um KLUs. Uolvfr Aspvlva vieirae H. Robinson, Isotype, United States National Herbarium. 284 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 4 I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I Enlargements of heads. Top left: Aspilia bishovlecta. Top right: A. cardenasii . Bottom left: A. cylindpooepha'La. Bottom right: A. herdng evi-ana. 1984 Robinson, New species of A-ip-tX-ta 285 Enlargements of heads. Top: Aspitia hispidantha. Bottom: A. pseudoviguieva. 286 Vol. Enlargements of heads simpsonae. Bottom: A. • ' Top: Aspilia pseudoyedaea. V'uezvae . A. Middle: STUDIES IN THE LIABEAE (ASTERACEAE) . XVII. TWO NEW SPECIES OF MUNNOZIA. Harold Robinson Department of Botany Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., 20560. Collections of two additional members of the genus Munnozia have been seen from the Andes of Ecuador and Peru. The new spec¬ ies both have some features of the subgenus Kastneva, but neither belongs to that subgenus. A relationship to the anomalous M. feweyrii H. Robinson of Peru seems most likely. MUNNOZIA HARLINGII H. Robinson, sp. nov. Plantae herbaceae perennes decumbentes vel subscandentes ad 1 m vel ultra longae. Caules fulvescentes teretes leniter stri- ati glabri. Folia opposita trans nodis connata, petiolis 1.5- 4.5 cm longis late alatis infeme late auriculatis; laminae late deltoideo-ovatae plerumque 7.5-10.5 cm longae et 7-12 cm latae base truncatae in marginis lateralibus denticulatae dentatae et sublobatae apice acutae supra virides sparse pilosae subtus canescentiter arachnoideo-tomentosae base distincte ascendentiter trinervatae. Inf lorescentiae solum in nodis basilaribus opposite ramosae superne alteme ramosae pauci-capitatae , bracteis sessil- ibus basilaribus oblongis ad 7 cm longis subfoliiformibus super- ioribus minutis , pedicellis 10-14 cm longis puberulis distaliter sensim albo-tomentosis . Capitula ca. 12-14 mm alta et radii exceptis 12-17 mm lata; bracteae involucri ca. 32 graduatae 3-4- seriatae 4-10 mm longae et ca. 3 mm latae exteriores late oblong- ae et apice rotundatae interiores argute acutae extus multi- costatae plerumque glabrae distaliter sensim fulviores exteriores superne minute scabridulae; fimbriae receptacularum subnullae. Flores radii ca. 25 in capitulo; corollae flavae, tubis ca. 4 mm longis dense pilosis, limbis anguste ellipticis ca. 15 mm longis et 4 mm latis supra basem glabris. Flores disci ca. 45-50 in capitulo; corollae flavae ca. 6.5 mm longae, tubis ca. 2.5 mm longis basi exceptis dense pilosis, faucibus breviter campanul- atis ca. 1.5 mm longis glabris, lobis linearibus ca. 2 mm longis et 0.5 mm latis extus glabris subapice breviter lobatis; fila- menta in partibus superioribus ca. 0.35 ram longa; thecae ca. 2.5 mm longae nigrae, cellulis endothecialibus in parietibus trans- versalibus noduliferis; appendices oblongae ca. 0.3 mm longae et ca. 0.22 mm latae. Achaenia submatura ca. 1.5 mm longa glabra; setae pappi sordidae ca. 8 facile deciduae ca. 2 mm longae scabridulae, squamellae nullae? Grana pollinis in diametro ca. 35 pm. TYPE: ECUADOR: Loja: Celica-Zapotillo Road, km 6-10, potre- 287 288 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 4 ros and remnants of seasonal evergreen forest, 1800-1900 m.s.m. Herb, growing on ground. 10. IV. 1980. G.Harling <$ L.Andersson 18127 (Holotype, GB ; isotype, US). The new species has the superficial look of a member of the subgenus Kastneva, and in fact seems very close to h^unnozia asp- tundii H. Robinson which is a member of that subgenus from central Ecuador. The new species, however, has polarized thickenings on the endothecial cells of the anthers and has the expanded and somewhat lobed basal wings of the petioles narrowly connate across the nodes as in members of the sub genus Munnozia. It also differs from M. asplunddi in many other details such as the glab¬ rous stems, the lack of auricles on the base of the leaf blade, the distinct trinervation from at or even slightly below the base of the leaf blade, the more numerous rows of involucral bracts distinguished into outer ones with broadly rounded tips and inner ones that are sharply acute, and in the disk corollas the less abruptly campanulate bases of the throats and the glabrous lobes. The lack of obvious chaff on the receptacle, the reduction of the number of pappus setae, and the alternate branching of all but the lowest nodes of the inflorescence seems to indicate closer relationship to M. feweyviv of northern Peru, but the general aspect of the plant shows that the relationship to the latter is not as close as that of the following species. MJNNOZIA SAGASTEGUI I H. Robinson, sp. nov. Plantae herbaceae perennes ad 0.7 m altae. Caules rubro- tincti leniter hexagonales dense breviter stipitato-glanduliferi . Folia opposita in nodis in discis latis connata, petiolis plerum- que 1-3 cm longis inferne sensim late alatis supeme vix vel non alatis; laminae late deltoideae plerumque 3. 5-8.0 cm longae et 2. 5-8.0 cm latae base hastatae in sinibus medialibus breviter acutae et ad marginem trinervatae in marginis basilaribus et lateralibus pluri-mucronato-denticulatae apice et in lobis basil¬ aribus breviter argute acuminatae supra virides pilosae et sparse arachnoideo-pilosulae subtus canescentiter tomentosae et obscure glandulo-punctatae in nervis majoribus sparse pilosae. Inflores- centiae laxe cymosae in nodis basilaribus opposite ramosae in nodis superioribus plerumque alterne ramosae, bracteis basilar¬ ibus f oliif ormibus caetera minoribus maxime 10-12 mm longis line- aribus , pedicellis 2-8 cm longis dense breviter stipitato-gland- uliferis. Capitula ca. 10-12 mm alta et radii exceptis 8-12 mm lata; bracteae involucri ca. 20 inaequales 2-3-seriatae 4-8 mm longae et 2. 0-2. 5 mm latae oblongo-ovatae apice fulviores brev¬ iter vel angustius mucronato-acutae extus glabrae vix vel non striatae; receptacula non squamellifera distincte reticulato- cristata. Flores radii ca. 25 in capitulo; corollae flavae, tubis ca. 2 mm longis dense pilosis, pilis plerumque apice minute glandulif eris , limbis linearibus ca. 13 mm longis et 1.8 mm latis base dense longe stipitato-glanduliferis aliter subtus minute breviter glanduliferis . Flores disci 25-30 in capitulo; corollae 1984 Robinson, New species of Mu.nn0ZA.CL 289 flavae ca. 6.5 mm longae, tubis 1.5-2. 3 mm longis angustis dense longe stipitato-glanduliferis et in parte eglandulose pilosis, faucibus campanulatis ca. 4.5 mm longis base abrupte latioribus pauce pilosis et breviter glanduliferis , lobis linearibus ca. 3 mm longis et 0.45 mm latis extus perpauce breviter glanduliferis apice extus prologatis; filamenta in partibus superioribus ca. 0.35 mm longa; thecae ca. 3 mm longae nigrescentes , cellulis endothecialibus in parietubs transversalibus noduliferis; append¬ ices antherarum ovales ca. 0.6 mm longae et 0.23 mm latae. Achaenia submatura 1.3 mm longa dense breviter setulifera; setae pappi nulli, squamellis distinctis numerosis brevibus ad 0.2 mm longis acutis. Grana pollinis in diametro ca. 37 pm. TYPE: PERU: Cajamarca: Prov. Contumaza, Chausivolan, Guz- mango. 2900 m.s.m. ladera. Hierba, f lores amarillas. 31 Mayo 1959. A.Sagastegui A. 2980 (Holotype, US). The new species is related to Munnozia ferreyrii which has the same general habit with the same type of mostly alternate branching of the inflorescence, the same lack of bristles in the pappus, six ribs on the achene and no obvious chaff on the receptacle. The species differs structurally in the basal sinus of the leaf blades reaching to the basal trinervation, by the broadly spreading hastate and acuminate basal lobes of the leaf, by the larger heads with essentially smooth and glabrous invol- ucral bracts, by the larger disk corollas with longer more glabrous lobes, by the mostly glandular tips of the hairs on the tubes of the corollas, and by the separation of the squamellae of the pappus. The new species is also distinct in geography, being found on the Pacific slope of the outer Andean range in Cajamarca. The related M. ferreyrii occurs in eastern Cajamarca and farther eastward in Amazonas in the Amazonian drainage. The lack of long chaff on the receptacle might seem to indicate that Munnozia ferreyrii and the present two species are related to the subgenus Kastnera which they also resemble in some aspects of their habit. Nevertheless, the fused leaf bases across the nodes and the polarized thickenings on the endothecial cells indicate that there is no close relationship to Kastnera. The greater number of collections now known for Munnozia ferreyrii includes some variation. Most collections from Amazonas and those from Cajamarca are like the type with more remote leaf dentation, less densely pubescent leaves, and dense stipitate glandular pubescence on the involucral bracts. Two specimens from Amazonas, King 8 Bishop 9147 and Dillon 8 Turner 1724 (cytological voucher) have a tendency for denser dentation and pubescence on the leaves and have only evanescent arachnoid tomentum on the involucral bracts. 290 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 4 -1 Munnozia haplingi-i H. Robinson, Holotype, GBteborgs Univer- sitet Botaniska Museet. Photos by Victor E. Krantz, Staff Photo¬ grapher, National Museum of Natural History. 1984 Robinson, New species of MunnOZ-La 291 UN1 110 SINKS 25*12035 A HA! tOMAi HIRBARIUM Munnozia sagasteguii. H. Robinson, Holotype, United States National Herbarium. 292 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 4 Enlargements of heads. Top. Munnozia hai’Z'Lngi.'i . Bottom. M. sagas teguii. GROWTH OF EPHEMERAL PLANTS FOR BIOREGULANT RESEARCH Lowell S. Jordan, Welsey 0. Griesel, and James L. Jordan University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 Recently there is increased interest in growth regulators and herbicides to modify plant growth and control weeds. Also, a vast number of chemicals are available for testing of biological activ¬ ity. There is a necessity for broad primary screening methods that give maximum information in a short time concerning potential plant regulating chemicals. Techniques for rapid screening have been developed using tis¬ sue culture, algae, and higher plant species. Detection of some types of bioactivity is possible by _iri vitro methods. However, completely controlled and unnatural growing conditions do not necessarily reflect the response of plants under outdoor field conditions. The reaction of plants that have different environ¬ mental requirements for growth and reproduction cannot be examined satisfactorily with a single species treated with chemicals and grown either under tissue culture or near tissue culture conditions. In consideration of the limitations of available methods for detecting plant bioregulants , considerable thought and research was devoted to developing a rapid, space-conserving method for plant regulating chemicals. The original objectives were to domesticate plants that could complete their life cycle in 30 days or less, and that could be cultured in large numbers in confined space. In initiating this project, it was recognized that the type of plants needed were short-lived, relatively small annuals (the type commonly referred to as ephemerals). Also, it was deemed necessary to grow the plants under standardized conditions in controlled environmental facilities. A search for potential test plants was made in four environments in southern California. These areas included the Mojave Desert, the San Gabriel and San Bernardino Mountain ranges, the Coastal Sage and grassland, and various cultivated areas in the region. The initial search was conducted during the flowering period of annuals that grew in each particular environment. Records were maintained concerning natural environ¬ mental and edaphic conditions under which the plants and set seed grew. All annuals that were small at maturity were marked and observed weekly. Seeds were collected during the normal period of dissemination, and type specimens were collected and mounted for future reference. Seeds from nearly 200 species were collected from the four natural environmental areas for research under con¬ trolled environmental conditions. Germination tests were conducted on all seeds within 90 days after collection. Lots of 100 seeds were placed in petri dishes 293 294 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 4 between layers of filter paper and kept damp with distilled water. Initial tests were made in the dark at various constant temperatures ranging from 3 C to 27 C. The number of seeds germinating within a 20-day period was recorded, and this was considered to be the per¬ cent germination under the specific conditions used. Germination of 70% or better under any of the temperatures used was considered satisfactory. Seeds that did not have a high germination rate were subjected to specific pretreatments as follows: 50 C dry heat for sevqn days, 1 C under moist conditions in the dark for 20 days, a combination of the two treatments with the heat treatment preceding the cold treatment, running water for 48 hours, and scarification. Species whose seeds did not germinate more than 40% under any of the above treatments were discarded. A series of experiments was initiated to develop and establish domestication conditions and practices for candidate bioregulant test species. The common garden weed, Senecio vulgare L., was used for initial evaluation of the system. This species was chosen because of the relative ease of obtaining seeds, culturing plants, and growing them to maturity. In the initial experiments involving temperature and photoperiod, the plants were grown in 150 ml styro¬ foam cups with holes punched in the bottom for drainage. The growing medium was washed river sand. The temperature regimes were 23 C day and 17 C night, 23 C day and 13 C night, 29 C day and 17 C night, and 29 C day and 23 C night. All temperature patterns were used with a 12-hr photoperiod and a 16-hr photoperiod. The S_. vulgare strain used grew equally well with a single daily watering under either 23 C day and 17 C night, or 29 C day and 17 C night with either photoperiod. Therefore further experimentation with S^. vulgare was confined to these specific culture temperatures and photoperiods . Nutrients for ephemeral plants were examined from the stand¬ point of satisfactory plant growth, ease of application, and ready availability of the nutrient mixture in adequate quantities for large scale research projects. The complete inorganic fertilizer with a trade name of Kapco (15-30-15) was chosen as a standard. Two concentrations of Kapco, 10 g/1 and 0.5 g/1 were used. Other nutrient mixtures are available which are equally useful. The fertilizer solutions were applied in the place of water once a week, three times a week, and daily. Six cultures with three plants were used in each test replication. Controls were always used. Over 70% of the Senecio plants bloomed in 20 days or less with the nutrient solution, sand, and standard environmental condi¬ tions. All plants had excellent vegetative growth when 0.5 g/1 of nutrient was applied daily with no other water applied. All other applications of Kapco resulted in less satisfactory plant growth. When 10 g/1 was applied daily, all plants died. As a result of the data from the nutrient research, a practice of watering plants daily with 0.5 g/1 Kapco solution was adopted. 1984 Jordan, Griesel, & Jordan, Ephemeral plants 295 Potting media were examined and sand was selected as the most desirable type. Therefore, washed river sand and graded silica sand were compared. Washed river sand varies considerably as to particle size, waterholding capacity, type of rock mixture, organic matter, and nutrients. Silica sand is a prepared mixture that is graded, with a consistent mineral content. An experiment was established with blocks of 30 plants each and 3 plants per culture; some blocks were planted in rivar sand, and the others in 1.6mm dla. silica sand. Plants were grown at 23 C day, 17 C night tempera¬ tures with a 12-hr photoperiod. All blocks of plants received daily Kapco nutrient treatments at 0.5 g/1. Twenty-six days after plant¬ ing, all plants growing in river sand had flower buds, while only four plants in silica sand had flower buds. Vegetat ively , plants in river sand were larger and more robust in appearance than those plants in silica sand. Data from previous experiments demonstrated the presence of substantial variability of ephemeral plant growth at the various temperatures, photoperiods, culture media, and nutrient levels. Because of the possible variability of plant growth, standardized method of plant culture was established. Three groups of 5-10 seeds each were planted in washed river sand in 150 ml styrofoam cups with holes punched at the base for drainage. When the plants were in the cotyledon stage, they were thinned to 1 to 3 (depend¬ ing on species), leaving the single strongest uniform plants. Plants were watered daily with Kapco, 0.5 g/1. Initial temperatures of 23 C day, 17 C night with a 12-hr photoperiod and temperatures of 29 C day, 17 C night with a 16-hr photoperiod were used. Plants were evaluated for rigor, growth pattern, size, time to flower, bud appearance, time to anthesis, time to seed maturity, and uniformity of all observed factors. From the research outlined above, the following species se¬ lected as best suited for further investigation research; the group contains a wide range of natural morphological and physiological variations . Chenopodium humile Hook is one of the common goosefoot group that are major weeds in temperature regions. C_. humile grows at high elevations in moist alkaline places and is characterized by a decumbent rather than erect growth pattern. It is a short-day plant, blooming on a 12-hr photoperiod and remaining vegetative on a 16-hr photoperiod. When grown on a 12-hr photoperiod, plants bloom in as few as 14 days after planting the seed, when they are about 3cm in height. £. humile has a specific value in that it may be grown on a 16-hr photoperiod and treated by foliar chemical applications when desired plant size is reached. Then, the block may be divided, retaining one-half on the 16-hr photoperiod and the other one-half moved to a 12-hr photoperiod where flowering is induced. In this manner, in addition to observing the effects of chemicals on vegetative characters, observations may be made on 296 PHYTOLOGIA Vol . 56, No. 4 their effect of floral primordia initiation, development, and seed set. This series of vegetative and floral observations can be made in less than 30 days. Lepidium f lavum Torr. is one of the peppergrass group in the mustard family. L^. f lavum is native to the southwestern deserts of California. It is a winter annual and grows well at low tempera¬ tures. Therefore, it is not a satisfactory experimental ephemeral plant at higher temperatures. The plant is a day neutral rosette type with a central flower staff developing about 15 days after planting. It is a candidate experimental plant for screening of dwarfing and retarding plant growth regulators. L. f lavum blooms in less than 30 days under the standard experimental conditions used in this research. Different plants of this species do not develop as uniformly as do the other species studied; it is, how¬ ever, the best plant of a true rosette type investigated in the project . Poa annua L. (Annual bluegrass) is practically a worldwide weed. It is an excellent grass for testing purposes, it germinates and grows rapidly. However, these are distinct P. annua strains. Seeds collected around Riverside, California, are from two distinct strains. One strain is heavier, robust, and flowers in 30-40 days. The other is slighter, with few stalks, and flowers under the conditions specified above in less than 20 days. The later strain has been isolated and can be maintained by growing seed plants in the greenhouse. Annual bluegrass is a typical grass and has the terminal meristem well protected from physical contact with mater¬ ials applied during foliar treatment. It is good for screening for growth regulators and herbicides specific to grasses. Rorippa obtusa (Nutt.) Britton belongs to the yellow cress group and a close relative of water cress. R. obtussa grows in damp places at higher elevations, particularly on lake shores and along streams. Although not common, it is generally distributed across the United States. It is a small, rapid-growing partial rosette type plant that flowers under the standard conditions of this research, in less than 25 days after planting. The plants are very consistent in growth habits and have excellent plant form; as such, they are of particular value in observing and separating multiple effects of plant regulating chemicals. Rumex fueginus Phi. (Golden Dock) is an annual species of the Sorrel or Dock Family. It grows in wet and often brackish places. Although it is widespread across North America, it is only common on the Pacific Coast. II. fueginus is probably the smallest and most rapidly-growing species of the genus. It is a long-day plant, flowering on a 16-hr photoperiod and remaining vegetative on a 12-hr photoperiod. This photoperiod response is associated with day length and flower stalk initiation. If grown on a 16-hr photo¬ period, _R. fueginus can be induced to flower from seeding in about 1984 Jordan, Griesel, & Jordan, Ephemeral plants 297 30 days. It Is a dicotyledonous plant that has a terminal meristera protected by an envelope of leaves and, hence, like the grasses, is protected from direct contact by foliar applied chemicals. Further, it is an acaulescent-type plant with the central stalk being initiated only for flowering. Schismus arabicus Nees . is a low-tufted annual grass resembl¬ ing the larger bunch grasses. It is native of Southest Asia and is widespread in the Mojave Desert. Under uniform growing conditions of this research, it matures rapidly but does not produce flowers until it is grown for more than three months. S^. arabicus is a good experimental grass to observe possible dwarfing and lethal chemicals applied to grasses in a vegetative condition. Satisfactory seed germination occurs only after seeds are treated with running water. If exposed to running water for 24-hrs, germination of 90% or better will occur in one day. The characteristics of S^. arabicus allow for exceptional uniformity of testing material. Senecio vulgaris L. (Common Groundsel) is a common weed in gardens and waste places; it is practically worldwide in distribu¬ tion. It is a well-rounded, multiple branched plant of excellent form when grown under a 12-hr photoperiod and a cool temperature. At higher temperatures and a 16-hr photoperiod, it generally forms a central stalk and does not produce the same multi-branched, well- rounded condition that exists at lower temperatures. Its terminal meristem and any axillary meristems that may be in active growth are unprotected and are directly contacted by any material that is generally sprayed on the plant. In this respect, it is a valuable partner of R_. f ueginus in comparing effects of treatment associated with transport of the experimental material applied to the foliage. S^. vulgaris blooms in about 20 days from seeding at the longer photoperiod and higher temperatures and in about 30 days at the shorter photoperiod and lower temperature. To determine the usefulness of groups of ephemeral plants in research, plants of (1. humile , P^. annua , FI. f ueginus , and S^. vul¬ garis were treated with a series of growth and herbicides, at 1000 ppm, 500 ppm, 100 ppm, and 50 ppm. Two ml of test solution was sprayed on a container of three plants. Application was made 48 hours prior to the time that flower buds would be visible under the growing conditions used. A series of such compounds, including NAA, 2,4-D, phosphon, kinetin, MH, alar, ethrel, cycocel, and atrazine were applied. In most cases, the ephemeral plants reacted to the foliar applied chemicals in the same way that larger, longer- lived plants do. Other research to determine response of ephemeral plants after treatment of the growing medium and uptake of the chemicals through the root system was conducted. The technique is useful since it simulates soil treatment and the concentration and time of appli¬ cation to the medium can be controlled. Several growth regulators 298 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 4 and herbicides listed above were applied to the growing medium with the watering solution. Typical responses resulted that have been noted for other plants in previous research widely reported in the literature . An example of the use of ephemeral plants in bioregulant re¬ search follows: C_. humile plants were placed in a controlled environment chamber with the long-day conditions (16-hr pp) and R_. f ueginus in the growth chamber with the short-day conditions (12-hr pp). At 15 to 18 days from seeding, the plants were in flower bud stage. Some were treated with growth regulators listed above and shifted to the other photoperiod, while others were left with the same photoperiod. After shift in photoperiod, other previously un¬ treated plants were treated by foliar applicaiton of the same compounds. In 25 to 30 days from planting, the controls of those plants under the floral primordia initiating photoperiod produced large visible flowers. Vegetative effects of the test compounds were readily observable. Chemicals that affected either (3. humile or R_. f ueginus plants were then used to treat P^. annua, R_. obtusa , and S^. vulgare. _P. annua and S^. vulgare grown at 23 C day, 17 C night temperatures with a 12-hr pp, and R. obtusa grown at 29 C day, 17 C night temperatures with a 16-hr pp. were treated 48 hours prior to the average time for flower bud appearance and at chemical concentrations of 1000 ppm, 500 ppm, 100 ppm, and 50 ppm. An adequate supply of seed of the species discussed as test plants here is easily maintained in a small greenhouse area. All of the plants have been grown in 150 ml styrofoam cups with river sand and nutrient solution, and in larger containers with the usual potting mixtures under average greenhouse conditions. No other conditions are required except in the case of C. humile and R. f ueginus . These two species should be grown in a greenhouse or growth chamber under a vegetative photoperiod until an adequate¬ sized plant is obtained. At this point, they should be transferred to a floral primordia initiating photoperiod. Seeds are collected from greenhouse grown plants and stored for subsequent research. If treatments are carefully timed, the method of research outlined here provides maximum information concerning vegetative effects, floral primordia initiation effects, and seed production effects in 30 days or less. The method produces information on the effect of a given compound on all phases of the morphological development of angiosperm over a wide taxonomial range of plants. The method is economical since many cultures of plants can be grown in limited space. SCROTOCHLOA, A NEW GENUS OF PALEOTROPICAL PHAROID GRASSES Emmet J. Judziewicz Department of Botany University of Wisconsin The anomalous bamboo-like grass tribe Phareae Stapf (Poaceae) has long been known to include two genera, Pharus P. Browne (7 species) in the Neotropics and Leptaspis R. Br. in the Paleotropics . During the course of a biosystematic study of the tribe (a revision of Pharus has been completed and is being prepared for publication) , examination of abundant material of the Old World genus on loan from major herbaria (AAU , BOGOR, BM, BR, BRI , GH , L, LE , M, NY, PNH, TAI , U, US, Z) soon showed that Leptaspis , despite its small size (5 species), should be split into two quite distinct and well -differentiated genera. The following new taxon is therefore proposed: SCROTOCHLOA Judziewicz gen. nov. (Poaceae: Bambusoideae (?): Phareae) Gramen perenne monoecium sylvarum umbrosarum. Culmi cavi vel solidi, herbacei, erecti vel decumbentes. Folia pseudopetiol is prominent ibus , laminis inversis, et venis lateralibus oblique divergent ibus . Inf lorescent ia panicula umbel 1 if ormis nodo principali 1, ramis primariis 4-8, sub nodo principali disarticulans . Spiculae 1-florae, unisexuales, dimorphae, sine lodiculis . Spicula ^ pedicello clavato, grandis, solitaria vel spicula o* pedicellata concomitata; glumae 2, ovatae, caducae, 5- ad 7- nervatae, spadiceae, apicis acutis; lemma urceolata- scrotiforme, marginibus connatis et poro terminali, indurescens, inflatum, dense uncinato -pubescens ; palea linearis, 2-nervata; staminodia 6; stigmata 3, subplumosa. Spicula d* pedicello longo, parva, membranacea; glumae 2; flosculus caducus; stamina 6. Perennial monoecious grasses of shaded forest under¬ stories; culms hollow (or apparently solid in S. tararaensis) , herbaceous, erect or in age becoming decumbent and rooting at the nodes; leaves with open sheaths; ligule membranous, minute; pseudopet ioles 299 300 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 4 prominent, twisted 180° at summit, inverting the blades; leaf blades narrow to broad, the lateral veins diverging obliquely from the midrib; minute longitudinal striations (intercostal bands) present between adjacent pairs of adaxial secondary lateral veins; inflorescence long-pedunculate, an umbelliform panicle with 1 principal node and 4-8 primary branches, the entire structure disarticulating just below the principal node; spikelets 1-flowered, unisexual, dimorphic, apparently lacking lodicules; pistillate spikelets borne on clavate pedicels, relatively large, solitary or more frequently accompanied by a pedicelled staminate spikelet; glumes 2, ovate, about as long as the lemma, caducous, 5-7-nerved, purplish- brown, their apices acute; lemma urceolate-scrotiform, with connate margins and a terminal pore through which the style exits, indurated, inflated, inconspicuously ribbed, densely uncinate -pubescent ; palea linear, 2- nerved; staminodes 6, minute; stigmas 3, subplumose; staminate spikelets borne on long pedicels, much smaller than the pistillate spikelets, lanceolate; glumes 2, nearly as long as the floret; floret caducous; stamens 6; chromosome number unreported. Type species: Scrotochloa urceolata (Roxburgh) Judziewicz comb. nov. (Basionym: Pharus urceolatus Roxb., Hort. Beng. [104]: FI. I nd~ ed . IT, 3"7 611. 1832). Other known species: Scrotochloa tararaensis (P. Jansen) Judziewicz comb, nov . (Basionym : Leptaspis tararaensis Jansen, Reinwardtia 2: 304. 1953) . Scrotochloa is easily distinguished from all other grasses by its combination of inverted, obliquely - veined leaf blades and a detachable umbelliform panicle bearing densely uncinately hairy, pouch- or urn-shaped pistillate spikelets; the genus name was suggested by the latter feature. S. urceolata , with 3-7 cm wide glabrous leaf blades and 6-9 mm long pistillate spikelets, is widespread from Ceylon and Southeast Asia to New Guinea and the Solomon Islands; there is an excellent color photograph of this species on page 46 of Ayensu (1980). S. tararaensis , a rare endemic of western Papua, New Guinea , has leaf blades 1-1.5 cm wide and pistillate spikelets 4-5 mm long. Leptaspis sensu stricto differs most obviously from the new genus in having cochleate pistillate lemmas and many-noded panicles in which the branches do not disarticulate from the rachis. It contains three species: L,. angustifolia Summerhayes 8 Hubbard, endemic 1984 Judziewicz, A new genus 301 c x •P o in 3 rH O P (Ll rH X P 3 X 03 U (Ll P P o S c •rH p o • H 3 o o rH E o c p rH O 00 in rH • rH u O U • 03 <13 P CO ac P rH rf > CO p UJ < UJ DS < in X 3 Oh P O 3 3 W in X u X • H •H r-. E— P P P i in c in to Uh 03 T3 - 03 X P Oh 2 o u x: (13 03 in 00 nz) p 0) in UJ 03 03 r-H 03 X P 03 3 u •p X X > p o rH rH rH 3 rH r—E 03 G 3 X 3 3 3 •p >N 03 ip • P 3 03 rH 4h 03 03 03 X H-» rH 3 113 4~> >> 03 G rH o ip rH O o •rH o G • p X P in G •H 3 03 in o 03 in in in G U 03 U o 03 X (/) Gh 03 p 03 03 03 r •H

O 3 S-H in G C X) 1 03 u o 03 u o O o 03 O G O 03 E U 03 •rH Ip E •H CtH lp 03 l/> •p o u 3 C _H aj U i — ' 1 E o o u 0) o P •pH rH u 3 O -H 6 0 4-» CD O £ CD ex o 3 (D 0) >S o T3 3 U P P co 2 rH oo CO rH O H o3 i U P U CD 3 3 l o3 J3 n) U O (XJ C_J U1 < JD CO H Uh CO LO CJ < ex ' — " co a> O CO 3-c o3 CO pH E 3 CD rH to 3 aj Tj o co T3 CD 03 3 6 O HZ) 2 CD CD p rH CD •rH c / - N o rH CO • H 3 CD ex u -M CD rH P rH 3 o CD > in •H CD P rH T3 03 34 CD £ P CD ex E CO 1 P *H 3 v - * ex "O co T3 CD S £ 3 rH •H O CD *H CO co •H w P rH •H P P X 4-4 •H 03 T3 •H 34 0 b0 4-> to ex P CO ex P 34 o p. o 3 in •H •H co O rH CD •H ex 3 w ex 34 34 3 <+H 4-4 ex •H CD O 34 3 CD O o O 3 m x_/ O CD O O P • H rH 34 o T3 -3 CO co •pH 03 3 P P rH o in P 3 o3 2 P P 3 CD •H CD -H CD 3 (D •H P •H CD •H CD 2 T3 2 H-l X ex E 3 S DO DO DO T3 3 DO E 3 E to CD 3 E CD O 3 • rH 3 3 O 03 3 3 o 3 -H ex -3 CD -3 3 03 P CD O rH P o3 2 CJ z ex < CO *H 2 34 s eo 2 CJ 34 cn PC (X] bO LO \o oo Oh o rH (XJ bO rH rH pH rH rH rH rH pH CXI (XI CXI (XJ 1984 Judziewicz, A new genus 303 to the Fiji Islands; L. banks i i R. Br., ranging from Indonesia and Taiwan south and east to Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia; and L. cochleata Thwaites, widespread from western ATrica to New Guinea. T.R. Soderstrom (pers. comm.) has found that an older specific epithet applies to the last taxon, and its nomenclature will be discussed in his forthcoming treatment of the genus in the "Grasses of Ceylon." The three genera of the Phareae are compared in Table 1. Although relationships among them are far from clear, it appears that Leptaspis retains more unspecialized characters (especially the non-disartic¬ ulating panicle branches, the frequent presence of three pistillate glumes, and the frequent presence of a bract subtending the spikelet pair branchlet) than either Pharus or Scrotochloa. Considering its solid culms, the occasional presence of a third glume, and the persistence of the glumes in both sexes, Pharus may be more closely related to Leptaspis s_. s^. than it is to Scrotochloa . Anatomical research is In progress which has as its goal the elucidation of the inter¬ generic and int ra - f ami 1 ia 1 relationships of the Phareae. A taxonomic revision of Leptaspis and Scrotochloa is also under way. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am grateful for the very generous help that Thomas R. Soderstrom and Hugh H. litis have given me in my ongoing studies of the Pharoid grasses. Duane A. Kolterman kindly helped to prepare the Latin diagnosis. The E.K. and O.N. Allen and J.J. Davis Funds of the University of Wisconsin and the J. Harris Seed Company of Rochester, New York provided financial support for this research. LITERATURE CITED Ayensu, Edward S. 1980. Jungles . Marshall Editions Ltd. 199 pp . Figure 1. Herbarium specimen of SCROTOCHLOA URCEOLATA from Sumatra (Jacobs 8275, A) . PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 4 CALYMPERES SCHMIDTII BROTH. , AN EARLIER NAME FOR CALYMPERES NYMAN I I (FL.) REESE William D. Reese University of Southwestern Louisiana, Lafayette, LA 70504 Brotherus (1901) reported on the mosses collected by J. Schmidt on the island of Ko Chang, off the southeastern coast of Thailand. When 1 examined the type collections of two of the new species of Calymperes he described — 13. schmidtii and (3. subintegrum — I found that the specimens all represented a single species that had later been redescribed several times under different names by subsequent authors. Brotherus' names for this moss take precedence over the later synonyms, and I here choose the name Calymperes schmidtii Broth, to represent the species. Calymperes schmidtii Broth., Bot. Tid. 24: 119. 1901. TYPE: Thai¬ land, Koh Chang, ad trunc. arb. in silva, 6/1 1900, J_. Schmidt 14 (H!). Calymperes subintegrum Broth., Bot. Tid. 24: 119. 1901. LECTO- TYPE: Thailand, Koh Chang, ad trunc. arb. in silv. litor. 7/1 1900, J. Schmidt 23 (H ! ) ; SYNTYPE: Thailand, Koh Chang, Klong Majum, J_. Schmidt 23 (H; NY!), syn. nov. In an earlier publication (1984) I reviewed the nomenclature, diagnostic features, and distribution of this moss, which was al¬ ready known from Thailand. Acknowledgements I thank the curators of H and NY for the loan of specimens, M. Crosby and C. Bauer for generous help with literature, and H. Mohamed for valuable consultation. Literature Cited Brotherus, V. F. 1901. Bryales , in J. Schmidt, Flora of Koh Chang, Bot. Tid. 24: 115-125. Reese, W. D. 1984. Calymperes nymanii (FI.) Reese, a new combin¬ ation based on Syrrhopodon nymanii FI. Phytologia 56(1): 17-18. 305 THE CORRECT NAME FOR CALYMPERES LONG I FOLIUM MITT. (MUSCI) IS SYRRHOPODON LOREUS (LAC.) REESE William D. Reese University of Southwestern Louisiana, Lafayette, LA 70504 The nomenclatural history of Mitten's Calymperes longifolius was discussed recently by Reese and Tan (1983). However, in that article the authors failed to adopt the oldest name available for this species in Syrrhopodon , the genus to which this taxon properly belongs, and used instead the name perlongifolius Schultze-Motel. This lapse was called to my attention recently, and I here make the appropriate new combination, based on the oldest available epithet for this species in Syrrhopodon. Syrrhopodon loreus (Lac.) Reese, comb. nov. Basionym: Calymperes loreum Lac., Verhandl. K. Akad. Weten- schappen Amsterdam 13: 7. 1873. Type: Borneo, Laboean, Motley in herb. Mitten (L; isotype NY!). Syrrhopodon perlongifolius Schultze-Motel, Willdenowia 7: 54. 1973, syn. nov. I have not examined the holotype (L) but it is clear that La- coste described his C. loreum from the same material that Mitten based his CL longif olium upon (Labuan, Borneo, Mr. Motley 23, NY!). This interpretation is confirmed by Lacoste's illustration of his C.. loreum (Tab. IV, 1873), in which the habit of the plants and pet¬ iole-like constriction at the leaf bases are clearly shown, exactly as in the holotype of Mitten's CL longif olium. Evidently, Lacoste was unaware, at the time he published his CL loreum, that the same species had already been described by Mitten based on the same spec¬ imen. Acknowledgements I thank the New York Botanical Garden for the loan of specimens, and Bruce Allen for calling to my attention the incorrect applicat¬ ion of nomenclature in Reese and Tan (1983) . Literature Cited Reese, W. D. & B. C. Tan. 1983. The "petiolate" Calymperaceae : a review with a new species. Bull. Natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, Ser. B, 9(1): 23-32. 306 ON ERIONEURON PILOSUM VAR. LON GE ARISTA 1 UK : A RECTIFYING COMMENT Ana M. Anton Carrera del Investigador (CONICET) . Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal, Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina En 1977 (Kurtziana 10: 58) I proposed a new combination: Evio- neuron pilosum var. longearistatum (Kurtz) Anton, on the basis of Triodia avenacea var. longeavistata Kurtz. At the same time, and according to Art. 7 of the International Code of Botanical Nomen¬ clature (1972: 19; 1983: 7), I selected the specimen Kurtz 6729 (CORD) as lectotype of the variety, explaining in a footnote the reasons for such a decision. Furthermore, I clearly stated that Pringle 406 had to be excluded from the nomenclatural types of this entity, because it belongs to Evioneuron avenaceum var. gran- diflorum (Vasey) Gould, a plant restricted to western Texas, southern New Mexico and northern Mexico (Gould, Grasses of Texas: 220, 1975). At this point it seems worthwhile to remember that when de¬ scribing his variety Kurtz (Revista Mus. La Plata 5: 301. 1893) cited, before the original description, two Argentinian specimens: Kurtz 6729 (from "Colinas secas cerca de la Estancia La Era", CORD) and Hieronymus s/n (from "Entre Malagueno y San Antonio", CORD); then, at the end of his diagnosis, appears Pringle 406 (from Chihuahua, Mexico). The present commentary is pertinent to make clear the incon¬ sistency of Beetle's criticism (Phytologia 49, n° 1: 39. 1981) when he stated that my point of view "...is clearly in error". Disregarding my statement in the mentioned footnote "...ha de ex- cluirse como tipo nomenclatural a Pringle 406 pues se trata de Erioneuron avenaceum var. gvandi florum" , Beetle insists in basing the varietal name of Kurtz upon Pringle 406. In so doing, he does not take into account neither the other two specimens cited by Kurtz nor my lectotype proposal, being this in discordance with Art. 8.1 of the Code (1983: 7), and producing an illegitimate name. In fact, Pringle 406 belongs to E. avenaceum var. grandi flo¬ rum, a name which ought to have been adopted for the plants grow¬ ing in the United States and Mexico (Art. 63, ICBN, 1983: 55) in¬ stead of the one of Beetle, who mistakenly relegates the valid name to the list of synonyms. 307 TRANSFERS IN FLORIDA ORCHIDS 1 .2 2 R. P. Sauleda , R. P. Wunderlin , and B. F. Hansen ^Department of Biological Sciences Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton, FL 33432 2 Department of Biology University of South Florida Tampa, FL 33620 The preparation of the Vascular Flora of Florida (D. S. Correllt, H. B. Correll, and R. P. Wunderlin) necessitates the following transfers in the Orchidaceae. Pabst et al. (1981) recognize Anacheilium at the generic level, a segregate of Encyclia. The triandrous plants of Anacheilium cochleatum of Florida and the West Indies are usually treated at the varietal level. The applicable varietal epithet is mentioned incidentally by Small (1933), to whom it has been credited (e.g. Sauleda and Adams, 1983), but this combination was not validly published. Ana c h e i 1 i urn cochleatum (L.) Hoffsgg. var . tr iandrum (Ames) Sauleda, Wunderlin, et Hansen, comb. nov. Basionym: Epidendr um cochleatum L. var. tr iandrum Ames, Contr. Orchid. S. Fl. 16. 1904. The segregation of S a c o i la Raf . from Stenorrhynchos by Garay (1982) necessitates the transfer of the following two varieties found in Florida. S a c o i la lanceolata (Aubl.) Garay var. luteoalba (Reichenb. f.) Sauleda, Wunderlin, et Hansen, comb. nov. Basionym: Stenorrhynchos australis Lindl. var. luteoalbus Reichenb. f., Otia Bot . Hamburg 2: 83. 1881. S a c o i 1 a lanceolata (Aubl.) Garay var. paludicola (Luer) Sauleda, Wunderlin, et Hansen, comb. nov. Basionym: Spiranthes lanceolata (Aubl.) Ldon var. paludicola Luer, Florida Orchidist 14: 19. 1971. LITERATURE CITED Garay, L. A. 1982. A generic revision of the Spiranthinae , Bot. Mus . Leafl. 28: 277-425. Pabst, G. F., J. L. Moutinho, and A. V. Pinto. 1981. An attempt to establish the correct statement for genus Anacheilium Hoffmgg. and revision of the genus Hormidium Lindl. ex Heynh . Bradea 3: 173-186. Sauleda, R. P., and R. M. Adams. 1983. The genus Encyclia Hook. (Orchidaceae) in the Bahama Archipelago. Rhodora 85: 127-174. Small, J. K. 1933. Manual of the Southeastern Flora. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. 308 ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS GMELINA. VI Harold N. Moldenke GMELINA L. Additional bibliography: Lour., FI. Cochinch., ed. 1, imp. 2, 2: 376 — 377. 1967; V. & P. Singh, Journ. Econ. Tax. Bot. 2: 200. 1981; Shah & Gopal, Journ. Econ. Tax. Bot. 3: 362. 1982; Sharma, Journ. Econ. Tax. Bot. 3: 532. 1982; Yoganarasimhan, Togunashi, Keshav. , & Govind. , Journ. Econ. Tax. Bot. 3: 405. 1982; Mold., Phytologia 56: 154—182. 1984. GMELINA ARBOREA Roxb. Additional bibliography: V. & P. Singh, Journ. Econ. Tax. Bot. 2: 200. 1981; Shah & Gopal, Journ. Econ. Tax. Bot. 3: 362. 1982; Mold., Phytologia 56: 154, 168—171, 174, & 180. 1984. Singh (1981) describes this species as a rare tree in forests, but commonly planted in gardens and parks in India, flowering there from April to June, noting that it "contains butyric acid, tartaric acid and saccharine matter". Shah & Gopal (1982) add that the ripe fruits are edible and the wood pulp is used in the paper industry in Gujarat (India) . GMELINA ASIATICA L. Additional bibliography: Lour., FI. Cochinch., ed. 1, imp. 2, 2: 376 — 377. 1967; Yoganarasimhan, Togunashi, Keshav., & Govind., Journ. Econ. Tax. Bot. 3: 405. 1982; Mold., Phytologia 56: 154, 167 — 169, 171, & 182. 1984. Yoganarasimhan and his associates (1982) record an additional vernacular name for this species, "guldamara", and describe its eco¬ nomic uses in Karnataka (India) as "Roots demulcent, alterative, as¬ tringent, aromatic; used for rheumatism, gonorrhoea and catarrh of the bladder. Seeds contain fatty oil, sitosterol and colouring matter. Fernandes describes the plant as an "armed small tree, 10 — 15 feet tall", the corollas yellow, and found it in flower in February. Additional citations: INDIA: Maharashtra: J. F eKnCLndei 88 (W — 3004197) . GMELINA BRASSII Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 56: 32 — 33. 1984. The 8 Ka66 21915, cited below, was previously incorrectly cited by me as representing the very closely related G. daZ/i ympZea.no. var. 6 chte.chXe.Kyi (H. J. Lam) Mold. Brass describes the plant as a canopy tree, 25 m. talL, the corollas white or pinkish, and the ripe fruit black. They encountered it in rainforest on limestone, at an alti¬ tude of 30 — 60 m. , in flower and fruit in April. Additional citations: NEW GUINEA: Papua: BKCL44 21915 (W — 2603100) —isotype). MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Mold., Phytologia 6: 324 — 325. 1957 (W) . 309 310 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 4 GMELIMA VALRVMPLEAMA var. SCHLECHTE R1 (H. J. Lam) Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 56: 39 — 41. 1984. The Btia.64 21915, mistakenly cited by me as this taxon in a previ¬ ous paper, actually is the type collection of the closely related G. bn.abi>ix Mold. GMELIMA VELAOAVAMA Dop Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 56: 35, 41 — 43, & 108. 1984. Additional citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: W. W. Sm. , Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 9: 107—108. 1916 (W) . GMELIMA HAIMANEMSIS Oliv. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 56: 154 & 175. 1984. Taam describes this plant as an erect, woody shrub, 15 — "26" feet tall, with fragrant flowers and "gray" fruit, referring to it as "rare, scattered" along roadsides, or abundant, in flower in May and in fruit in June. Additional citations: CHINA: Kwangtung: Taam 63 5 (Mi, SOS (Mi). GMELIMA PHI LIPPEMSIS Cham. Additional bibliography: Lour., FI. Cochinch., ed. 1, imp. 2, 2: 376 — 377. 1967; Sharma, Journ. Econ. Tax. Bot. 3: 532. 1982; Mold., Phytologia 56: 161 — 173. 1984. Sharma (1982) lists this species from East Punjab (India) , but fails to state if wild or cultivated. He claims that is flowers there from April to August and cites his no- 6 . 2676* & 4 559. Loureiro, in his Flora Cochinchinensis, identified this taxon with G. ai.XOJti.ca L., but with a question. He assigns to it Rumpf ' s Radix Veipa^iae. spuria, LouiaKa. commenting that "Quamvis in figura Rumph- ian& folia sint 3-loba, in nostr& vero integerrima, non judicavi diversam speciem decernere, cum pleraque alia conveniant, imprimis corollae forma personata. Pro hoc genere, & specie a Celeb. Lin. citatur Jamboia 6 gbjeJ.tn.ii panvi- faolia, (Rumph. 1. pag. 129. tab. 40.) quae procul-dubio Eu.ge.nxae. species est, nullatenus Gmeiinae.." In regard to its "virtues", he notes: "Calef aciens , Resolvens. Valent in doloribus articulorum, &c affectibus nervorum radix in¬ terne sumpta, folia externa applicata." GMELIMA RACEM&SA (Lour.) Merr. Additional bibliography: Lour., FI. Cochinch., ed. 1, imp. 2, 2: 376 — 377 . 1967; Mold., Phytologia 56: 173 — 176. 1984. In view of the fact that Loureiro went so far astray in assigning this plant to the genus Lantana, it may be important to quote his original description here: "Cay Tlai. Differ, spec. Lant. foliis oppositis, sub-rotundis : caule arboreo inermi: tacemis terminalibus. H. , & notaE. Arbor magna, ramis patentibus inermibus. Folia sub¬ rotunda, acuminata, integerrima, plana, glabra, dura, obscuroviridia, subtus albicantia, opposita, petiolis longis, basi glandulosis. Flos albus, magnus, racemis compositis, nudis, vastis, terminalibus. Cal. sub-truncatus , denticulis 4-5, minimis. Corolla campanulata, 5- fida, sub-aequalis . Drupa carnosa, turbinata, compressa, apice re- 1984 Moldenke, Notes on Gmdtino. 311 tusa: nuce 2-loculari. Stamina Didynamica. De stigmate (an unica- tum?) non amplius recordor. Habitat in sylvis Cochinchinae: ubi ejus lignum caeditur pro aedificiis." The vernacular name, "cay tlai", which he records, is not otherwise recorded for the species. Additional citations: MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Dop, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 61: 322. 1914 (W) . GMELINA UNIFLORA Stapf in Hook., Icon. PI. 24: pi. 2391. 1895. Synonymy: GmdJtina unZ^ZoKa var. typZco. Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3: 66. 1921. Gmdti.no. ApecXab-oti.6 Ridl., in herb. Bibliography: Stapf in Hook., Icon. PI. 24: pi. 2391. 1895; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 1, 185. 1902; H. J. Lam, Verbenac. Malay. Arch. 215, 217, & 366. 1919; Bakh. in Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3: 3 & 64--68. 1921; E. D. Merr., Bibliog. Enum. Born. PI. 515. 1921; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 3: 299. 1930; Fedde & Schust. , Justs Bot. Jahresber. 53 (1): 1074. 1932; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 2, 185. 1941; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 65 & 93 (1942) and ed. 2, 146 & 186. 1949; Durand & Jacks., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1, imp. 3, 185. 1959; Mold., Resum£ 192, 193, & 456. 1959; Mold,., Fifth Summ. 1: 325 (1971) and 2: 880. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 315 & 549. 1980; Mold., Phyto- logia 52: 23 (1982) and 55: 333 & 493. 1984. Illustrations: Stapf in Hook., Icon. PI. 24: pi. 2391. 1895. A "small tree" or climber, to 20 m. long; stems cylindric, to 8 cm. in diameter; bark smooth; branchlets yellowish-hairy, eventually glabrescent; leaves decussate-opposite; petioles 1.5 — 2.5 cm. long, yellowish-hairy, eventually glabrescent; leaf-blades membranous or chartaceous, broadly elliptic or obovate-elliptic, 7 — 15 cm. long, 4 — 10 cm. wide, apically obtuse or shortly acuminate, marginally en¬ tire, basally rounded ,or truncate, glabrous and shiny (except for the midrib) above, not pubescent but very densely white-glandular beneath, the glands very small, the larger venation sparsely short- pilose; secondaries 3 or 4 pairs, with some (usually 2) large con¬ cave glands beneath the lowest pair; flowers solitary in the axils of the upper leaves, pendulous; pedicels 1.2 — 2.1 cm. long; bract- lets 2, broadly ovate, 1 — 4 cm. long, 0.5 — 2 cm. wide, opposite, more or less foliaceous, sessile, concave, apically obtuse or short- acuminate, basally obtuse or broadly rounded, often subcordate, surrounding or subtending the calyx, 8 — 10-veined; calyx 2 — 2.5 cm. long, 7--12 mm. wide, 5-laciniate to about 1/3 its length, the lobes large, deltoid, 7 — 10 mm. long, 5 — 7 mm. wide, externally hirsute- hairy with dark-brown hairs, sometimes sparsely white-glandular; corolla yellowish-white or pale-yellow, dark-yellow on the inside of the throat, externally softly hairy and white-glandular, the tube 2.5 cm. long, the limb bilabiate, the upper lip with 2 small semi¬ circular lobes, the lower lip with 2 semicircular and 1 (the middle) enlarged to 1 cm. in length; stamens included; style slender, about 3 cm. long; stigma shortly bifid, the lobes subulate; ovary apically narrowed and there covered with stiff hairs, 4-celled, 4-ovulate; fruit basally included by the enlarged fruiting-calyx, 2.5 — 3.2 cm. long. Lam (1919) cites with a question Ha.\)iZa.nd 919 from Borneo, of 312 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 4 which he saw only a sterile flowerless specimen which differed in its petioles being 2.5 — 3.5 cm. long and the leaf-blades oblong, 20 — 27 cm. long, 10 cm. wide, basally often subcuneate. Bakhuizen (1921) cites Ja.lnz.fu. 5 26 for his G. a ni^Zofia. var. typico from Borneo. He cites nothing else. Van Steenis, in a personal communication to me, notes that "GmZJU.no. unifaZofU 1 Stapf is een liaan, fraaie klier a.d. blad-basis (schotel- vormig) blad overstaand, triplinerf. Motley meent dat het small tree is aff. G. i>pz.cJja.biKJ.i> Ridley." Collectors have encountered this plant at 300 — 1300 feet altitude, growing in yellow sandy loam, in flower in April and in fruit in November. Kostermans refers to it as "rare". Material has been misidentif ied and distributed in some herbaria as F a>iodoya mcuttkzMJiii Merr. Citations: GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Kalimantan: HoliXum 251 1 6 (Bz — 21337, Bz— 21338, N) ; Ja.kz.fli 5 26 (Bz— 21339, Bz— 21340) ; Ko4tZ.fiman6 10521 (N) . Sarawak: Ga.fiai i> . Yl . [10-2-1892] (Bz— 21341) . MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS & CLIPPINGS: Stapf in Hook., Icon. PI. 24: pi. 2391. 1895 (Ut— 74495). GMELINA UNIFLORA var. I/JLLOSA Bakh. in Lam & Bakh. , Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3: 66. 1921. Synonymy: GmzZim. quadfiifaida H. J. Lam, in herb. Bibliography: Bakh. in Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3: 66. 1921; Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 53 (1): 1074. 1932; Mold., Resum4 193 & 456. 1959; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 325 (1971) and 2: 880. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 315 & 549. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 55: 333. 1984. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in its leaf-blades being longer and wider, hirtellous above with sparse, long, simple hairs, densely pilose on the larger venation, subvillous beneath, the venation softly pilose, more densely glandular-punctate, basally scarcely or hardly at all glanduliferous, the secondaries 4 — 7 per side, basally subplinerved, the petioles to 6 cm. long, and the inflorescences 1 — 3-flowered. The branchlets are densely ferruginous-tomentose, in age only densely resinous-punctate and sparsely lenticellate , the internodes glabrous; petioles terete, 1.5 — 6 cm. long, densely ferruginous- villous, obsoletely sulcate above; inflorescence axillary, solitary or paired, short-pedunculate, 1 — 3-flowered; peduncles 6.5 — 10 mm. long, densely ruf ous-tomentose ; bracts and bractlets foliaceous, subsessile, lanceolate, 7 — 15 mm. long, 2.5 — 3 mm. wide, apically a- cute, hiding the calyx, rufous-tomentose on both surfaces; calyx infundibular, 1.5 — 2 cm. long, 5 — 10 mm. wide, externally rufous- pubescent and sparsely glandulose, internally very densely villous, unequally 5-laciniate, the segments deltoid, 5 — 10 mm. long, 2.5 — 3 mm. wide, apically acute, adhering to each other; corolla large, un¬ equally 5-laciniate, the tube basally externally glabrous, apically densely pilose, internally glabrous, the lower 1/3 attenuate, api¬ cally abruptly campanulate and subventricose-ampliate, 2.5 — 3.5 cm. long or twice as long as the calyx, the limb subbilabiate, the upper lip 2-lobed, the lobes broadly ovate, 5 — 7 mm. long, apically obtuse 1984 Moldenke, Notes on GmdJULwx 313 to rounded, the lower lip 3-lobed, the 2 lateral lobes similar to those on the upper lip, but the central one larger, 7 — 10 mm. wide; stamens didynamous, scarcely exserted, the shorter pair 10 — 12 mm. long, the longer pair 15 — 17 mm. long; filaments all basally lateral ly compressed and glabrous, apically incurved and sparsely glandular hirsute; anthers introrse, bilocular, dorsifixed near the apex, the thecae widely divaricate basally, 3 — 3.5 mm. long, resinous-punc¬ tate; style filiform, terete, 2.5 — 3.5 cm. long, scarcely exserted, apically incurved; stigma obscurely and unequally bifid, pseudo- subulate; ovary sessile, ovate, apically externally villous and glandular-punctate, 4-locular, each cell 1-ovulate; fruiting-calyx somewhar expanded radially, unilaterally incised almost to the base; fruit drupaceous, medium-sized, oblong or obovate, 2.5 — 3.5 cm. long, 1.5 — 2 cm. wide, fleshy, apically externally densely far¬ inose, eventually glabrescent, the endocarp thickly woody. This variety is based on Jake.rU 1109, 1300, & 1463 from Soengei Bloe-oe, Borneo, deposited in the Buitenzorg herbarium. Citations: GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Kalimantan: Jdke.rU 110 9 (Bz — 21347 — cotype), 1300 (Bz — 21345 — cotype, Bz — 21346 — cotype, N — co¬ type) , 1463 (Bz — 21342 — cotype, Bz — 21343 — cotype, Bz--21344--co- type, Ld — photo of cotype, N — photo of cotype) . GMELINA? l/ESTITA Wall., Numer. List 49 [=50], no. 1820 hyponym. 1829. Bibliography: Wall., Numer. List 49 [=50], no. 1820. 1829; Schau. in A. DC., Prodr. 11: 680. 1847; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Can- doll. 3: 200. 1858; Jacks, in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew. , imp. 1, 1: 1040 (1893) and imp. 2, 1: 1040. 1946; Mold., Known Geogr. Dis- trib. Verbenac., ed. 2, 127 & 186. 1949; Mold., Resume 163 & 456. 1959; Jacks, in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew.., imp. 3, 1: 1040. 1960; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 276 (1971) and 2: 880. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 263 & 550. 1980. Nothing is known to me of this plant except that Wallich (1829) bases the name on a collection from Kyunk-Talong on the Irrawaddy, a 1250-mile long river in Burma, emptying into the Bay of Bengal, collected in 1826, but without fruit. The type is probably de¬ posited in the East India Company herbarium at Kew. Schauer (1847) also regarded this species as a doubtful member of the genus, although Jackson (1893) seems to accept it without question. GMELINA l/ITIENSIS (Seem.) Seem., Viti 440 nom. nud. 1862; Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names 56. 1942; A. C. Sm. , Allertonia 1: 414. 1978 Synonymy: GmeUUnd \)iXUe.Yl i-t-5 Seem., Viti. 440 nom. nud. 1862. OiXex lEuagnui) \)AjUe.vU>it> Seem., FI. vit. 190, pi. 45. 1866. OiXex \JyUtie.yU>-L6 (Seem.) Seem, ex Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names 56 in syn. 1942. Bibliography: Seem., Viti 440. 1862; Seem., FI. Vit. 190 — 191, pi. 45. 1866; Horne, Year Fiji 269. 1881; Drake del Castillo, 11- lustr. FI. Ins. Mar. Pacif., imp. 1, 260 & 432. 1886; Jacks, in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 1: 1040 (1893) and imp. 1, 2: 314 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 4 1214. 1895; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 6: 479. 1931; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 69 & 93. 1942; Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names 56. 1942; H. B. R. Parham, Fiji Nat. PI. 68. 1943; Jacks, in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew. , imp. 2, 1: 1040 (1946) and imp. 2, 2: 1214. 1946; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 2, 151 & 186. 1949; A. C. Sm. , Journ. Arnold Arb. 36: 287. 1955; Mold., Resu¬ me 207, 391, & 456. 1959; Jacks, in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 3, 1: 1040 (1960) and imp. 3, 2: 1214. 1960; J. W. Parham, PI. Fiji Isis., ed. 1, 214, fig. 77. 1964; Uphof, Diet. Econ. Pi., ed. 2, 246. 1968; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 343 (1971) and 2: 731 & 880. 1971; J. W. Parham, PI. Fiji Isis., ed. 2, 300, fig. 90. 1972; Drake del Castillo, Illust. FI. Ins. Mar. Pacif., imp. 2, 260 & 432. 1977; A. C. Sm. , Allertonia 1: 414 — 415. 1978; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 333 & 550. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 55: 333 & 468. 1984. Illustrations: Seem., FI. Vit. pi. 45 (in color). 1866; J. W. Parham, PI. Fiji Isis., ed. 1, 214, fig. 77 (1964) and ed. 2, 300, fig. 90. 1972. A tall tree, to 27 m. tall, with a trunk diameter to 75 cm.; leaves simple, decussate-opposite; petioles 1.2 — 2.4 cm. long; leaf-blades ovate or ovate-oblong, 7.5 — 12.5 cm. long, 3.5 — 6.5 cm. wide, apical- ly acuminate, glabrescent; inflorescence paniculate, terminal, the cymes pedunculate, erect, narrow; calyx cyathiform, the rim shortly and acutely 5-repand-dentate, externally puberulent; corolla showy, blue, bilabiate, externally puberulent, the upper lip 2-lobed, the lower lip 3-lobed; filaments puberulent; anthers ovate; stigma un¬ equally bifid, the branches acute; ovary 4-celled. This species is based on M aJLviZ 224, collected on Ngau, Fiji Is¬ lands, in October, 1855, and deposited in the Kew herbarium. Actu¬ ally, Seemann (1866) merely cites an unnumbered Milne collection, but Smith (1978) has designated the Kew material of 224 (2 sheets) as holotype. He also asserts that the binomial, GmzJLino. VAjtizMA-6 (Seem.) Seem., should be credited to my Known Geogr. Distrib. Ver¬ benac., ed. 1, 69 (1942), but it only occurs there as G. V-LtLzn&-L-!> Seem, and is as truly a nom. nud. there as it is in Seemann' s orig¬ inal 1862 work; similarly, in my Alph. List Inv. Names 56 (1942), which he also cites, the combination is not validly published in ac¬ cordance with the provisions of the Code. It would appear to me that it was not validly made until by Smith himself in 1978. He comments that "Although GmzLiyUl VAjXZni'ii , endemic to Fiji, is considered a good furniture wood and is a large tree 6--27 m. high, with a trunk diameter of 70--75 cm. , it is not well represented in herbaria, only some 16 collections being known to me. These come from the is¬ lands of Viti Levu, Kandavu, Ngau, and Vanua Levu, where the tree occurs in dense forests at altitudes of 90 — 600 m. " Seemann (1866) comments that "Milne collected only one specimen of this singular plant, all the leaves of which are truly simple; but it may be that the species has also compound leaves, like most of its congeners. The unequal lobes of the stigma point to a cer¬ tain relationship with Gmz&tna. , but all the other characters are those of a genuine l H.i.ZX." Drawings, made by McDonald and on which Seemann' s original illustration was based, are preserved on the holo¬ type material at Kew. 1984 Moldenke, Notes on GmeZi.no. 315 Parham (1943) also refers to this plant as a moderately common, fine timber tree, which "Grows to great height in the forests of Bua. Timber suitable for furniture, etc." Uphof (1968) reports for GmeZina onbonea. Roxb. that "Parts of the plant form with the roots of Epipnemnum pinnatum yoro or awalho of the Fiji islanders", but it may be assumed that this Fiji reference is to G. oitZen&ii , the only GmeZJ.no known from these islands. The J. F. Mead 2010, distributed as GmeZJna v -LtsLe.nl> -Li , certainly is a misidentif ication. Citations: FIJI ISLANDS: Viti Levu: A. C. Smith 5505 (Bi, N, N, S), 5822 (Bi, N, N, S) . MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Seem., FI. Vit. pi. 45, 1886 (Ld). ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS C0RNUT1A. VIII Harold N. Moldenke CORNUTIA Plum. Additional & emended bibliography: Plum., Nov. Cat. PI. Amer. Gen. 32—33, pi. 17. 1703; J. Burm. , Thes. Zeyl. 209. 1737; Lour., FI. Cochinch., ed. 1, imp. 1, 2: 387. 1790; Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. 2: 127. 1822; Hubert, Trav. Lab. Mat. Med. Fac. Pharm. 13: [Verb. Util. Mat. Med.] 3. 1921; Lour., FI. Cochinch., ed. 1, imp. 2, 2: 387. 1967; Mold., Phytologia 55: 276 — 278 & 507. 1984. Plumier's original (1703) description of this genus is worth reproducing here, especially for its dedicatory paragraph: "ConnuXia est plantae genus flore A monopetalo, personato, cujus labium superius surrectum, inferius vero tripartitum; ex calyce autem C surgit pistillum, posticae floris parti B, ad instar clavi infixum, quod deinde abit in fructum, sed baccam D succi plenam, sphaericam, & semine E foetam plerumque reniformi Cornutiae unicam speciem. CoKnutZo flore pyramidato caeruleo, foliis in- canis. Clarissimus D. Jacobus, Cornuti D. Medicus Parisiensis, Canadensium plantarum, aliarumque nondum editarum Historiam con- scripsit, adjectis iconibus; cui additum est ad Calcem Enchiridion Botanicum Parisiense, continens indicem plantarum quae in pagis, sylvis, pratis & montosis juxta Parisios locis nascuntur. Extat Opus Parisiis apud Sim. le Moyne, via Jacobaea 1635 - in quarto." C0RNUTIA COERULEA (Jacq.) Mold. Additional bibliography: Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. 2: 127. 1822; Mold., Phytologia 55: 278. 1984. CGRNUTIA GRANV1F0LIA (Schlecht. & Cham.) Schau. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 55: 278. 1984. The corollas are described as having been "blue" on CoZzodo 383 & 397, CnocU 40 597, Mone.no 241, 476, 540, & 1839, and ZeXoyo 107, "lavender-blue" on Cnocut 41933, "blue-violet, the lower lip with a 316 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 4 dark-yellow spot" on CochKanZ. & at. 8628, "light-violet" on \!t nczttt 333, "violet" on A Kaqutitatn i WoKZ.no 999, P ay & at. 7 83 & 823, and N zttt 2492, "lavender" on Hammzt 3884, 4333, & 5285, and Lt&inCK & Ju.dztewH.cz 14968, "lilac" on (ilcndt & at. 2563, "light-purple" on Guzman & at. 465, and "purple" on CaitKO T. 122, Vtaz I. 160, Gnt- jatva & A Kaqutitatn 237, WaKZ.no 79, 1018, & 1308, Stz.vz.ni 3355, 3524, 9189, 9601, & 1 1448, Todzta 1843, and l /tnczttt 829. Todzia describes the plant as a small tree, 4 m. tall, the crushed leaves with a pungent odor, and encountered it in remnant forests and pastures, at 1500 m. altitude, in flower in June. Croat refers to it as a shrub, 2 m. tall, the stems square, the sap "with a foul aroma", and found it growing among disturbed vegetation in volcanic ash, at 1300 m. altitude, in Guatemala, in flower in July, and as a 3.5 m. shrub on limestone outcrops at 900 m. altitude in Mexico. Chez-Pompa & Riba refer to it as "rare". Cochrane and his associates found "several stems, 2 m. tall, sprouting from an old stump" and col lected cytological material. Dr. Sousa, in a personal communication to me, records the species from Quintana Roo, Mexico. Seymour (1980) cites Atwood A. 79 from Esteli, Nicaragua. Additional vernacular names recorded for the species are "palo de hormiga", "palo quadrodo", and "tres vatas". Material of this taxon has been misidentif ied and distributed in some herbaria as C. QKandt^otta var. noKmatti (Kuntze) Mold., C. pyKamtdata L., and even Sotanum sp. On the other hand, the VoKantZi & A COita 2147bti andiWe.de/ 2173 distributed as typical C. gKandt- otta , actually are var. tntZ.Kmz.dta Mold., Skutch 2642 and Tyion 1 874a are var. noKmatti (Kuntze) Mold., Skutcfl 1326 is C. tattfiotta (h.b.k. ) Mold., Atwood & Nzttt AM. 79 is C. tttactna var. vztuttna Mold., WoKZ.no 876 and [)/ttz.y 430 are C. pyKamtdata var. tithmtca Mold, and l/ztazquz.z L. 64 is not verbenaceous . Additional citations: MEXICO: Chiapas: CKOat 40597 (Ld) ; LatkKOp 6151 (Me — 167593), 6718 (Me — 167579). Oaxaca: WaKttnZ.Z~Catdz.KOn 15 (W— 1840978) . Veracruz: Catzada 383 (Me— 154676) , 397 (Me— 154675) ; CkavzJtai P., ZamoKa S., & SoKta R. ES.4210 (Me — 176845); CochKanz. I at. 8628 (Ld) ,- Pay, ByKnz. & Hz.Knandz.z 823 (Au, n, w — 2879380) ; Pay & Catzada 783 (Au, n, w— 2879409) ; Gomez-Pompa i R tba 140 (Me— 118518) ; VzntuKa A. 5863 (Mi); Wtndt, Vtttatoboi, & laKa W. 2563 (Ld) . Guate¬ mala: El Peten: OKttz 1318 (W — 2925227). Escuintla: WuZ.nichz.K 12414 (It). Sacatepequez: CKOOt 41933 (Ld) . BELIZE: Gz.nttZ. 7968 (W — 2434859). HONDURAS: Atlantida: VunckZ.K, K.0Z.ppZ.K, & 0JagnZ.K 8298 (W — 1747729). El Paraiso: QaitKO T. 122 (E— 2903435) ; Vtaz 1. 160 (Ld) ; Z ztaya 107 (E — 2903444). EL SALVADOR: San Salvador: Gonzatz.z & P&KZ.Z 261 (Me — 188474). NICARAGUA: Boaco: A Kaqutitatn & W 0KZ.n0 999 (Ld) ; WoKZ.no 241 (Ld) , 3258 (Ld) ; W. V. Stz.vz.ni 9309 (Ld) . Chontales: W. V. stz.vz.ni 2492 (Ld) . Esteli: MoKZ.no 1308 (Ld) ; M zttt H. 204 (Ln— 266881, N) ; Stz.vz.ni, Gztjatva, & AKaqutitatn 14375 (Ld) . Granada: Atwood & Nzttt AN. 79 (N) ; WoKZ.no 79 (Ld) . Jinotega: GKtj'atva & AKaqutitatn 237 (Ld) ; Mo4e.no 476 (Ld) , 5 40 (Ld) , / 114 (Ld) , 1839 (Ld) ,- w. V. Stz.vz.ni 9189 (Ld) , 1 1448 (Ld) . Madriz: Mo4e.no 2767 (Ld) ; l /tnczttt 829 (Ld) . Managua: Guzman, CaitKo, & Wonttzt 465 (Ld) ; W. V. Stz.vz.ni 3524 (Ld) . Matagalpa: Mo4enO 1018 (Ld) ; W. V. Stz.vz.ni 9601 (Ld) ,- Tomttn 73 (Ld) ,• {/tnczttt 333 (Ld) . (to be continued) BOOK REVIEWS Alma L. Moldenke "SHRUBS IN THE LANDSCAPE" by Joseph Hudak, ix & 292 pp. , 4 color pi. of 80 photo., 598 b/w photo., 1 vegetation hardiness zone map & 19 charts. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, N. Y. 10020. 8th printing. 1984. $34.95. "This [really valuable] book is primarily concerned with the orna¬ mental attractions of shrubs in the landscape and the proper handling of them for practical and aesthetic satisfaction throughout the United States and the lower part of Canada." The highly regarded author's motivating objectives are: "to select only shrubs with a large number of desirable features, to include representative examples for all the hardiness zones across the United States and southern Canada, to list superior types cultivated today in commercial nurseries and to identi¬ fy those shrubs with a relative freedom from important diseases and insect pests." This book will serve amply both the professional landscaper and the careful home gardener. The many illustrations enhance the book but a few are printed so small and so dark as to be recognizable only if one already knows the species depicted. "THE OXFORD BOOK OF INSECTS" text by John Burton & illustrations by Joyce Bee, Derek Whiteley & Peter Parks, viii & 213 pp. , 96 multi-fig. color pi. & 72 b/w line draw. Oxford University Press, London, England, and New York, N. Y. 10016. 1982. $6.95 paperbound pocket edition. Every right-hand page is a color plate of several related British insects and the plant parts on which they are found: every left-hand page bears descriptive text. In all, 780 creatures are illustrated and described with common, scientific and family names, brief life histories, habitat notes and proportionate size. Like the "Oxford Book of Wild Flowers" and the "Oxford Book of Birds" this one's "main purpose is to encourage people to observe and identify the vast range of very varied insects to be found around them . but still a small proportion of the 20,000 or more species which exist in Britain." Most of the insects are skillfully drawn from life and the drawings are very attractively printed in this fine little book. "ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY BOOKS, REPORTS, AND JOURNALS: An Annotated Bibliography", EPAD Report No. 26, xi & 25 pp. National Audu¬ bon Society, New York, N. Y. 10022. 1984. "This [mimeographed, effectively prepared] report is intended for the use of National Audubon Society members and staff as well as the general public." It is composed of reliably annotated bibliog- 317 318 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 4 raphies of toxicology and cancer books, journals, standard texts and reports, and therefore should prove quite useful. "THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE" by Stanley Klein, 320 pp. , 250 color photo, 1 b/w photo & 1 map in color. Facts on File, Inc., New York, N. Y. 10016. 1983. $35.00. This is a fine book for school and public libraries and for a treasured possession of youngsters fascinated with the vertebrate animal life of this country and continent who may become the bio¬ logical scientists, hobby naturalists and conservationists of the next generation. The illustrations are copious and excellent. The text is arranged according to classes and alphabetically within them, embracing over 300 kinds of creatures, giving habit, habitat, physical traits, mating patterns, economic importance and special items of interest. The first sentence on mammals defines the term as including a "backbone" which the animals possess because they are vertebrates; the same statement is made in the introductory definition of reptiles -- they possess a backbone because they are vertebrates, not because they are mammals or reptiles. Surely the authors knows this ! "FLOWER ARRANGEMENT: The Ikebana Way" by Minobu Ohi, Senei Ikenobo, Houn Ohara, & Sofu Teshigahara, edited by William C. Steer, 286 pp. , 63 full color pi. & photo., ca. 400 b/w pi. & photo., & ca. 100 line draw. 8th printing. Charles E. Tuttle Co., Inc., Rutland, P. O. Box 410, Vermont 05701. $19.50. Dr. Steere, in his preface to this beautifully illustrated, very well printed, enduring book, explains for the westerner how this art form was introduced into Japan from China with Buddhism as temple floral offerings whose arrangement had special religious signifi¬ cances. The first chapter gives an interesting history of ikebana. The others present the views of the headmasters of three of the most outstanding schools: the classical Ikenobo and the 20th century Ohara and Sogetsu Schools. "The deeper one's insights are into Ikebana, the greater will be his understanding of the philosophical concepts and the emotional message intended by the arranger to be conveyed by his composition — and to give such insights is the purpose of this book." "THE ESSENTIALS OF BONSAI" by the Editors of Shufunotomo, 108 pp. , 26 color pi. & photo., 74 b/w pi. & photo. & 77 line draw.. Charles E. Tuttle Company, Inc., Rutland, P. 0. Box 401, Ver¬ mont 05701. 2nd printing. 1984. $9.95. The preface and introduction by Donald Richie state that "this book offers the essentials of bonsai to those who would like to get started and to those who already have some experience in this fas- 1984 Moldenke, Book reviews 319 cinating field" and also to armchair readers because of its inter¬ esting presentation and effective illustrations. This skilled art form also came from China with Buddhism, with records extending back to the 12th century. Bonsai is not considered deforming but as a garden is regarded as controlled nature in miniature, so are bonsai trees regarded. There is even a section in the book deal¬ ing with rock plants, herbs and grasses. "THE JAPANESE ART OF STONE APPRECIATION — Suiseki and Its Use with Bonsai" by Vincent T. Covello & Yuji Yoshimura, 166 pp. , 71 full color photo., 81 b/w photo., 15 line draw. & 1 map. Charles E. Tuttle Company, Inc., Rutland, P. 0. Box 401, Ver¬ mont 05701. 1984. $21.50. Miniature landscape stones of special intrinsic beauty, care¬ fully aligned in trays and often adorned with bonsai plantings, were introduced from Chinese temples to Japan in about 600 A.D. More of their history is traced in this book, including the many shows devoted to them, such as in the 1964 Tokyo Olympics and the bicentennial ones given by the Japanese nation to the United States National Arboretum in 1976. There are chapters on characteristics and important aesthetic qualities, classification by shape, color, etc., display, bonsai and collecting. Much more has to be "seen" in these stones than just their physical appearance. This book provides interesting reading. "A GUIDE TO THE GARDENS OF KYOTO" by Marc Treib & Ron Herman, xv & 202 pp-, 13 color pi., 107 b/w photo. 18 maps, 1 tab. & 15 line draw. Charles E. Tuttle Company, Inc., Rutland, P. 0. Box 410, Vermont 05701. 2nd printing. 1983. $9.95 paper- bound . If you or any of your friends are going to visit Kyoto and would like to see some of the many gardens in the city, do take this pocket- sized book with you because of its concentrated descriptions, histories, maps, hours, regulations, etc. for these beautiful areas usually associated with ancient or modern Buddhist temples, Shinto shrines and palaces. Some are of sand mouldings, suiseki stone forms, the Moss Temple with over 40 kinds of moss blending into a single, fine, luxuriant textured carpeting for the entire maple- wooded garden, pond gardens, etc.. Without the ability to read and speak Japanese these beauty spots might prove difficult or very time-consuming to find. This book should also be of interest to former travelers to Kyoto and to professional gardeners, landscapers and horticulturists. 320 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 4 "A REVIEW OF THE SOUTHERN AFRICAN SPECIES OF CYRTANTHUS" by C. Reid & R. Allen Dyer, iv & 68 pp. , 16 color photo., 47 b/w fig. & 21 geog. dist. maps. American Plant Life Society, P. O. Box 150, La Jolla, California 92038. 1984. $12.00 in U.S.A. & Canada, $14.00 elsewhere; paperbound. This attractive issue represents a special 50th anniversary pro¬ duction under the new editor, R. Mitchel Beauchamp, after the long, fine service to amaryllid aficionados and specialists of the previous editor of "PLANT LIFE", Dr. Hamilton Traub, recently deceased. The cover illustrates in color C yruta.ntku.6 tuckLi var. tfianAva.aZ&nA'LA and was first used as a cover in 1939 for the related journal "HERBERTIA". For the herein recognized 50 species there are given a key to the species, a systematic treatment, literature citations, geographic distribution maps, color plates and line drawings of definitive characteristics. Only pertinent synonymy and literature is cited, making this special issue both very attractive and taxonomically valuable . "SPIDERS OF THE WORLD" by Rod & Ken Preston-Maf ham, 191 pp, 66 color photo, 38 b/w photo. & 47 line draw. Facts on File Publica¬ tions, New York, N. Y. 10016. 1984. $17.95. This delightful book is prepared for interested naturalists (es¬ pecially well travelled ones) rather than accomplished arachnolo- gists (who would, however, also certainly enjoy this beautifully il¬ lustrated overview) . Some biology, entomology and beginning arach- nology students should find this book excellent supplementary read¬ ing especially for such topics as courtship and mating, prey cap¬ ture and defense mechanisms and the closing statement that "whatever the shape or form of man's future follies, it is certain that spiders will still be laying traps for flies long after man has finally disappeared from the earth." "NUTRITION UPDATE" Volume I by Jean Weininger & George M. Briggs, xiii & 386 pp., 34 tab. & 8 fig. Wiley Interscience Publication of John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N. Y. 10158. 1983. $32.50. This volume of papers is excellently prepared and presented y cognizant and known author-specialists. It deals clearly, scien l - ically and with particularly well documented evidence (rather than with a dozen rats or a score of humans under highly variable condi- tions) about (1) such current issues in nutrition as caffein, addi¬ tives, dietary sodium, and alcohol, (2) recent progress re zinc, selenium, and fiber, (3) minerals throughout the life cycles or pregnancy, infant feeding and metabolic bone diseases and (4) nutri tion policy and food advertizing. It makes an excellent text and/or reference book for nutrition educators, dieticians, college and nursing school teachers of nutrition and related fields, public heal nutrition students, practitioners and professionals as well as the intelligent lay person who wants levelheaded evaluations of well tentioned food faddist advocacies- PHYTOLOGIA 4n international journal to expedite botanical and phytoecological publication to\. 56 December 1984 No. 5 CONTENTS ’ZEDOWSKI, J., & GARCIA ZUNIGA, A., Una nueva especie de Stachys (Labiatae) del centro de Mexico . 321 RODRIGUEZ J., C., Hypericum silenoides var. mexicanum, nueva combinacion . 327 iSPINOSA G., J., Dos nuevas especies de Eupatorium (Compositae) del Valle de Mexico . 331 )ILLON, M. O., A new combination in Ambrosia (Heliantheae-Asteraceae) from Peru . 337 • ILBA, J., A new combination in Juniperus barbadensis L. (Cupressaceae) . 339 AOLDENKE, H. N., Notes on new and noteworthy plants. CLXXVIU . 342 ;OOTE, M. A., The algae of New Jersey (U.S.A.) VIII. Phaeophyta ( Brown Algae). B. Additions . 343 AOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the genus Cornutia. IX . 345 dOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the genus Lippia. XVIII .... 353 iGLER, F. E., & ANDERSON, J. P. Jr., Use of Picloram to obtain rootkill of unwanted woody plants, in practicable rightofway vegetation management, 1983 . 365 ROBINSON, H., & CUATRECASAS, J., Observations of the genus Gynoxys in Ecuador (Senecioneae: Asteraceae) . 368 AOLDENKE, A. L. Book Reviews . 376 Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 303 Parkside Road Plainfield, New Jersey 07060 USA. Price of this number $3.00; for this volume $14.00 in advance or $15.00 after close of the volume; $5.00 extra to all foreign addresses and domestic dealers; 512 pages constitute a complete volume; claims for numbers lost in the mails must be made immediately after receipt of the next following number for free replacement; back volume prices apply if payment is received after a volume is closed. JAN NE botanio -eoEM UNA NUEVA ESPECIE DE 3TACHYS (LABIATAE) DEL CENTRO DE MEXICO* J. Rzedowski Instituto de Ecologia Apartado postal 18-845 11800 Mexico, D.F. y A. Garcia Zrifliga Departamento de Botcinica Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Bioldgicas Instituto Politdcnico Nacional 10340 Mexico, D.F. Con algo de retiscencia se describe como nuevo a es; te miembro de la flora del Valle de Mexico, pertenecien- te a un g4nero de taxonomia dificil, lejos de estar ca- balmente comprendida y resuelta. Para mayor abundamien- to, la planta en cuestidn no destaca de manera claramen- te contrastante de lo que parecen ser sus allegados m£s prdximos, pero tampoco es f&cil ubicarla en alguno de ellos sin forzar considerablemente los limites de su va- riabilidad conocida. Stachys sanchezii sp. n. Herba perennis usque ad 60 cm alta, rhizomatosa; caules praecipue ad angulos retrorse hispiduli; folia *Trabajo parcialmente subvencionado por el Consejo Nacio nal de Ciencia y Tecnologia. i , 321 LIBRARY JAN 1 1 1985 M tr v a / \/r^ my 322 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 5 oblonga, ovata vel triangular i-ovata, usque ad 5 cm lon- ga et 3 cm lata, apice rotundata, margine crenata, basi cordata vel truncata, subtus conspicue nervata; vertici- llastri (2) 4-6-flori, interrupti; calyx 5-8 mm longus, segmentis spinosis; corolla rosea vel lilacina, tubo 8-11 mm longo, infra medium leviter annulato, labio supe riore 3-4 mm longo, inferiore 6-8 mm longo et lato; sta¬ mina 2-3 mm e tubo exserta. TIPO: Cerca de Casas Vie j as, municipio de Zinacante pec, alt. 3400 m, 1. VII. 1984, Rzedowski 38408 (ENCB). Planta herbdcea perenne, hasta de 60 cm de alto, a menudo formando colonias grandes, a partir de un conjun- to de rizomas subterrdneos ; tallos erectos o ascenden- tes, poco o nada ramificados, a veces enraizando en los nudos inferiores, densa a muy esparcidamente hispidulos con pelos retrorsos de 0.5 a 1 mm de largo, la pubescen- cia concentrada en forma total o preferente sobre los dn gulos del tallo; hojas con peciolos de (0.1) 0.5 a 4 cm de largo, par lo general mds cortos hacia la parte supe¬ rior de la planta, limbo oblongo a ovado o triangular- ovado, de 1 a 5 cm de largo, de 0.5 a 3 cm de ancho, dpi. ce redondeado a subagudo, borde crenado, base cordada a truncada, 5-9-palmatinervado a partir de la base, con la venacidn muy conspicua en el env£s, que suele ser pdlido (al menos en ejemplares de herbario), haz uniforme y mds bien esparcidamente estriguloso, en el env4s la pubescen cia restringida a las nervaduras; inf lorescencia hasta de 10 (15) cm de largo, verticilastros de (2) 4 a 6 flo- 1984 Rzedowski & Garcfa Zdniga, Una nueva especie 323 res, interrupt os, separdndose con la edad hasta 5 cm en- tre si, f lores sobre pedicelos hasta de 2 mm de largo, brActeas inconspicuas , filiformes o subuladas, de 1 a 2 mm de largo; cAliz acampanado a subcilindrico (en fruto a menudo urceolado), de 5 a 8 mm de largo, mds o raenos densamente hispidulo por fuera, sus ldbulos triangula- res, agudos, terminados en una espina larga, en conjunto abarcando 2 a 3 mm de largo; corola rosada o de color violeta con manchas lineares m&s oscuras y m&s Claras en los labios, tubo de 8 a 11 mm de largo, levemente anilla do en la parte inferior, labio superior de 3 a 4 mm de largo, el inferior de 6 a 8 mm de largo y de ancho, pub£ rulos por fuera y tambi4n por dentro cerca de la gargan- ta; estambres exsertos 2 a 3 mm del tubo de la corola, filamentos pubescentes, anteras negruzcas, de *1 mm de largo, estilo glabro; mericarpios ovoides, de ±2 mm de largo, de color caf4 a negruzco. Material adicional examinado: DISTRITO FEDERAL: Cafiada de Contreras, VIII. 1952, F. Gallegos Harking 398, 401 (MEXU) ; Desierto de los Leo nes, V. 1953, L. Paray 999 (ENCB); ibid. IX. 1962, I. Ro- jano 37 (ENCB); WSW of Mexico City and ca. 5 mi. (8 km) by road NV of Parque Nacional Desierto de los Leones along side road ca. 2 mi. (3.2 km) above pueblo of Cruz Blanca, alt. 3210 m, 27. VI. 1974, R. Sanders 74102 (ENCB); cerca de los Llanos de Acopilco, prdximos al 4° dinamo de Contreras, alt. 3000 m, 4. VIII. 1984, Rzedovski 38429 (ENCB). ESTADO DE MEXICO: Nevado de Toluca, alt. 3500 m, 324 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 5 20. XI. 1961, L. Paray 814 (ENCB); ibid., alt. 2800 m, 19. VIII. 1962, R. V&zquez Bravo 39 (ENCB); ibid., alt. 3000 m, 19. VIII. 1962, R. V&zquez Bravo 68 (ENCB); Mex. hwy 130, 22.3 miles north of Temascal tepee, alt. 3060 m, 5. VIII. 1969, W.R. Anderson y C. Anderson 5025 (ENCB); along highway S of Capulin past Nevado de Toluca, alt. 10300', 30. VII. 1977, Wieder, Torke, Bennett y Dunn 110 (ENCB); alrededores de Cerro Gordo, Parque Nacional Neva do de Toluca, alt. 3400 m, 27. VIII. 1983, R. Galvan 1409 (ENCB); Loma Alta, cerca de Raices, municipio de Zinacan tepee, alt. 3350 m, 1. VII. 1984, Rzedowski 38409 (ENCB). HIDALGO: El Chico, VI-VII . 1927 , E. Lyonnet 166 (MEXU) . El ejemplar Pringle 5341, colectado en el Valle de Toluca, el 29. VIII. 1882, citado por Epling como paratipo de s. radicans Epl., tambidn posiblemente pertenece aqui, aunque es poco representative por sus hojas peque- fias y por la escasez de pubescencia. S. sanchezii parece encontrar acomodo en el grupo VI de la clasificacidn provisional de las especies ameri. canas de Stachys, propuesta por Epling (Repert. Spec. Nov. Beih. 80: 1-75. 1934) y ahi, al parecer, se acerca mcis a s. pringlei Greenm. , de Hidalgo, y a S. mexicana Benth. , de Oaxaca. Se trata de un conjunto de taxa muy relacionados entre si, cuyo correcto arreglo taxondmico requiere todavia de profundos estudios. En la siguiente tabla se resumen las principales diferencias entre estas 3 especies. 1984 Rzedowski & Garcia Zufliga, Una nueva especie 325 S. pringlei S. mexicana S. sanchezii segmentos del cdliz florife ro ango st enten¬ te triangu¬ lares, de *3 nun de largo anchamente triangula¬ res, de -2 mm de largo triangulares , de ±2 mm de largo raargen de la hoja crenado-ase rrado a ase rrado crenado crenado inf lor esc en- cia ramificada, hasta de 25 cm de largo simple, has^ ta de 15 cm de largo simple, hasta de 10 (15) cm de largo nervaduras en el envds de la hoja moderadamen te pronun- ciadas muy conspi- cuas muy conspi- cuas pubescencia del tallo hispidula, concentrada en los dngu los setosa, mds o menos uni. farmemente distribuida hispidula, concentrada en los dngu- los Varios ejemplares de S. sanchezii fueron identifica dos por C. Epling como s. grahamii Benth. , pero la des- cripcidn original de esta tiltima especie excluye toda pc> sibilidad de acomodar ahl individuos con flores tan gran des corao las de la plant a que aqui se describe. S. sanchezii prospera a lo largo de arroyos y en ca 326 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 5 nadas en medio del bosque de conif eras, en altitudes cer canas a 3000 m. Parece conceixtrar el mayor niimero de sus poblaciones en la regidn prdxima al Nevado de Toluca; en el Valle de Mexico no es frecuente y en los liltimos ahos ya ha sido dificil localizarla. Los ejemplares estudiados del taxon nuevo manifies- tan una notable variacidn en la densidad de la pubescen- cia, en el largo de los peciolos y en el niimero de flo- res por verticil astro, a pesar de lo cual existen pocas dudas de que todos pertenecen a la misma especie. El nombre de la plant a se dedica como homenaje al recidn fallecido Prof. Oscar s&nchez Sanchez (1923- 1983), quien durante 12 affos fue catedrAtico de botAnica en la Escuela Normal Superior de la Ciudad de Mdxico. Im partid clases asimismo en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Nacional Autdnoraa de Mexico. El Maestro San¬ chez publicd en 1958 "Las excursiones botAnicas en el Distrito Federal" y en 1969 "La flora del Valle de Mexi¬ co", fruto de largos ahos de empenoso y entusiasta traba jo. Ambas obras, profusamente ilustradas, son guias liti- les para la identificacidn de las especies vegetales de los alrededores de la capital de la Repiiblica y han con- tribuido a despertar el interns del piiblico dtadino por el mundo de las plantas. Hypericum silenoides var. mexicanum, NUEVA COMBINACION Concepcion Rodriguez J. Laboratorio de Botanica Fanerogamica Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas Instituto Politecnico Nacional Mexico 11340 D. F. En trabajo previo sobre el genero Hypericum (Rodriguez, 1973), se indico que en La especie 1R silenoides Juss. , se ob- servaron, en un limitado numero de ejemplares, variaciones morfologicas relacionadas con el tamano de la planta y la forma de la hoja; sin embargo, las caracteristicas de flor y fruto se mantenian constantes. De acuerdo con estas observaciones se establecio que la especie H. confusum Rose, era sinonimo de H. silenoides. Estudios posteriores efectuados en mayor numero de co- lectas, corroboraron las variaciones indicadas y se observaron modificaciones en el numero de estilos de la flor (3, 4 y 5), asi como en el tamano del fruto. Asimismo, se pudo correla- cionar las diferencias morfologicas con la altitud en que habi- tan los individuos de esta especie. En base a lo anterior, se juzga apropiado restablecer la independence de IR confusum a nivel de variedad y en conse- cuencia se propone la nueva combinacion. Hypericum silenoides Juss. var. mexicanum (Keller) Rodriguez comb. nov. H. confusum Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 1 24. 1906. Tipo: Mexico, Serranfa del Ajus- co, Pringle 6440 (hoiotipo US, isotipos BR, G, GOET, P) H. brevistylum var. mexicanum Keller, Bull. Herb. Boiss. ser. 2,8:188. 1908. Tipo: Mexico, Serrania del Ajusco, Pringle 6440 (hoiotipo G) La diferencia con la variedad silenoides se manifiesta en el habitat cespitoso, generalmente perenne; la escasa altura de 327 328 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 5 A Fig. 1. Hypericum siienoides Juss. var. mexicanum (Keller) Rodriguez A. Aspecto de la planta; B. flor 1984 Rodriguez J., Nueva combinacion 329 la planta (2 a 7 cm.), el tamaflo y forma de las hojas (de 3 a 9 mm. de largo y oblongas a elipticas); y en el variable numero de estilos, generalmente 4, en ocasiones 3 6 5. Se le encuen- tra principalmente en bosques de coniferas de algunas de las sierras que rodean el Valle de Mexico, en altitudes que fluctuan de 3,000 a 3,500 m. s.n. m. , a diferencia de la variedad silenoi- des la que se localiza en altitudes de 2,250 a 3,050 m. s.n. m. Los granos de polen en la especie son tricolporados , tec- tados, prolatos y con ornamentacion reticulada. De menor ta- mafto en la variedad mexicanum(17 a 19 p) que en la variedad silenoides (26 a 30 p). Asimismo, existen diferencias en el gro sor de la exina, la cual es de hasta 2. 5 p en silenoides, mien- tras que en mexicanum mide aproximadamente 1. 5 p . Bibliografia Robson, N.K.B. 1981. Studies in the genus Hypericum L. (Gutti- ferae). 2. Characters of the genus. Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Bot. ) 8(2): 55-226. Rodriguez, J. C. 1973. Recherches sur Hypericum L. , section Brathys (Mutis ex L. f. ) Choisy, sous-section Spachium Keller (Guttiferae). Mem. Soc. Cien. Nat. La Salle 33 (94, 95): 5-151. Se agradece al M. en C. Rodolfo Palacios la preparacion y toma de fotografias de los granos de polen. 330 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 5 Fig. 2. Granos de polen A . Hypericum silenoides var. silenoides , vista polar superficial ; B . H . silenoides var silenoides , vista ecuatorial mostrando el grosor de la exina ; C . H . silenoides var .mexicanum, vista polar super¬ ficial ; D . H . silenoides var .mexicanum, vista ecuatorial mostrando el grosor de la exina. DOS IMUEVAS ESPECIES DE EUPATOR IUM (COMPOSITAE) DEL VALLE DE MEXICO Judith Espinosa G. Laboratoria de Botanica Fanerogamica Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas Instituto Politecnico Nacional 11340 Mexico , D . F . A1 llevar a cabo la revision del genero Eupatorium de la f am ilia Compositae para la Flora del Valle de M_e xico, nos encontramos con dos grupos de ejemplares cuyas caracterlsticas no corresponden a las que se men cionan en la descripcion de las especies hasta ahora conocidas, razon par la cual, pensamos que se trata de dos nuevas entidades a las que hemos denominado Eupato¬ rium parayanum y Eupatorium ramireziorum. La primera en honor al Dr. Ladislao Paray, incansable excursionista quien ha aprovechado esta aficion en beneficio del co- nocimiento botanico, especialmente del grupo de las Compuestas, y la segunda en honor, tanto a la profeso- ra Debora Ramirez Cantu, quien durante muchos afios es- tuvo a cargo del herbario MEXU, como al naturalista J_o se Ramirez, quien a fines del siglo pasado publico la "Introduccion para una flora del Valle de Mexico", a - portando asi, una de las primeras publicaciones referejn tes al conocimiento de nuestra Cuenca. Eupatorium parayanum Espinosa sp. n. Herba perennis usque ad 1 m alta; caulis erectus, dense glanduloso-pubescens ; folia opposita, petiolus 3-7 mm longus, glanduloso-pubescens, lamina ovata vel ovato-lanceolata , 6-10 cm longa, 3-6 cm lata, apice acuta, margine grosse serrato-dentata , basi rotundata, supra densius pubescens, praesertim versus marginem cum pilis glandulosis, e basi 3-5-nervata; capitula numerosa, 7-9 mm longa; pedicelli glanduloso-pubescen- tes; involucrum 5-6 mm longum, 6-7 mm latum, ultra corollarum longitudinis dimidium obtegens; phyllaria aequilonga, acuta, glanduloso-pubescentia ; f lores 30- 40; corollae lobi pilosi; achaenium costis pubescenti- bus . 331 332 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 5 Fin 1 FuDatorium parayanum Espinosa sp . n. B. C.b.zu.1., C. Aquenio con uilanD, coroia, y E. Fragmento de hoja. 1984 Espinosa G., Dos nuevas especies 333 Planta herbacea perenne hasta de 1 m de altura; tallo erguido, cillndrico, de 2a 3.5 mm de diametro, blanco-amarillento , densamente glanduloso-pubescente ; hojas opuestas, membranaceas , peclolo de 3 a 7 cm de largo, amarillento, glanduloso-pubescente, lamina ova- da u ovado-lanceolada, de 6 a 10 cm de largo por 3 a 6 cm de ancho, apice agudo o ligeramente acuminado, bar- de toscamente aserrado-dentado, los dientes agudos, base redondeada, haz y enves con pelos cortos, rlgidos, la pubescencia mas densa en el haz, f recuentemente con pelos glandulares especialmente en el borde, tri a pe_n tanervada desde la base; numerosos capitulos de 7 a 9 mm de largo dispuestos en corimbos compuestos termina- les y axilares; pedicelos glanduloso-pubescentes ; inv_o lucro turbinado, de 5 a 6 mm de largo por 6 a 7 mm de ancho, cubriendo mas de la mitad del largo de las cor_o las, sus bracteas dispuestas en 3 series de aproximad_a mente igual longitud, oblongo-lanceoladas , agudas, ve_r des, glanduloso-pubescentes; flores 30 a 40; corola de 4.5 a 5 mm de largo, blanca, pilosa en Ids lobulos; aquenio de 2 mm de largo, pubescente en las costillas; vilano ligeramente mas corto que la corola, cerdas blan. cas. Florece y fructifica a fines de invierno y princ_i pio de primavera. Habitat: Se ha colectado en bosque de Abies entre 2600 y 3200 m de altitud, en la delegacion de Cuajimal_ pa y en el municipio de Amecameca. Tip o : MEXICO: ESTAD0 DE MEXICO: MUIMICIPIO DE AME¬ CAMECA: Ladera norte del Cerro Uenacho; alt. 3000 m; bosque de Abies reliqiosa ; 6 III 1981; 0. Espinosa 1510 (EIMCB ) . Otros ejemplares examinados: MEXICO: ESTAD0 DE MEXICO: MUIMICIPIO DE AMECAMECA: Cerro Venacho, al E de Amecameca; alt. 3000 m; bosque de Abies; 21 III 1976; J. Rzedouski 33967 (EIMCB). 10 km al E de Amecameca; alt. 3200 m; bosque de Abies; 10 III 1963; E. Chavez s/n (EIMCB). Faldas del Iztaccihuatl (Papaloaque) ; 13 II 1955; L. Paray 1520 (EIMCB, MEXU). DELEGACIDIM DE CUA JIMALPA: Desierto de los Leones; 3 III 1940; F. Miran¬ da 123 (MEXU). Esta nueva especie parece ser bastante cercana a Eupatorium viscosis s imum Rolfe, siendo las principales diferencias entre ellas, las siguientes: en E_^_ p arayanum la pubescencia glandulosa del tallo es muy densa; las hojas son de base redondeada, borde con dientes largos 334 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 5 y agudos y abundantes pelos glandulares; la inf lore seen cia es muy densa y las corolas tienen lobulos pilosos; en E. uiscasissimum la pubescGncia del tallo es pcco densa, lashajas tienen base cordada, horde con dientes cortos y redandeados y menor cantidad de pelos glandu¬ lares, la inf 1 o re sc e no i a es poco densa y los lobulos de la corola son glabros. flgradecemos a Annetta Carter el haber comparado - nuestro material con el ejemplar tipo de E . viscosi- ss i mum Rolfe depositado en el herbario UC. Eupatorium ramirez iorum Espinosa sp . n. Herba perennis usque ad 2 m alta; caulis erectus, puberulus; folia opposita, petiolus 2-4 cm longus, la¬ mina ouata vel rhombica, 0-15 cm longa, 5-10 cm lata, apice acuta vel aliquot acuminata, margine crenato- dentata, basi decurrens et plerumque obliqua, supra pilis brevissimis, infra praecipue nervisequens pubes- cens, 3-5-plinervia ; capitula numerosa, 5-7 mm longa; pedicelli villosi; involucrum 3. 5-4. 5 mm longum, 5 mm latum, flores longitudine subaequans; phyllaria aequi- longa, acuta, omnia sed praecipue exteriora pubescen- tia; flores 20-30; corolla 3.5-4 mm longa, lobis pilo¬ sis; achaenium pilosum, pappus corollam longitudine subaequans . Planta herbacea perenne hasta de 2 m de altura; tallo erguido, cilindrico, de unos 3 mm de diametro, c af e -amar i 1 len to , puberulento; hojas opuestas, membr_a naceas, peciolo de 1 a 4 cm de largo, puberulento, la¬ mina ovada o romb ico-o vada , de 0 a 15 cm de largo por 5 a 10 cm de ancho, apice agudo o algo acuminado, hor¬ de crenado-dentado , base cuneada o decurrente, haz con pelos muy cortos, enves pubescente sobre todo en la ner. vadura, 2 a 4 nervios laterales salen por arriba de la base del nervio central; numerosos capitulos de 5 a 7 mm de largo dispuestos en corimbos compuestos termina- les y axilares mas largos que las hojas, pedicelos ve- llosos; involucro campanulado, de 3.5 a 4.5 mm de lar¬ go por -^5 mm de ancho, casi del largo de las flores, - sus bracteas dispuestas en tres series de la misma lon_ gitud, lanceoladas, agudas, verdosas, pubescentes so¬ bre todo las externas, con dos costillas prominentes; flores 20 a 30; corola de 3.5 a 4 mm de largo, blanca, pilosa en los lobulos; aquenio de —1.5 mm de largo, p_i_ loso, vilano casi del largo de la corola, cerdas blain cas. Florece y fructifica a fines de invierno y princ_i pio de primavera. 1984 Espinosa G., Dos nuevas especies 335 ^^9* Eupatorium ramirez iorum Espinosa sp. n. A. Aspecto general de la plants; B. Cabezuela; C. Aquenio con v/ilano, corola. 336 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56. No. 5 Habitat: Se ha colectada en basque de Encina y en bosque mesofilo, entre 2500 y 3000 m de altitud, en las municipios de Villa Nicolas Romero y Amecameca y en la delegacion de Cuajimalpa. Tipo : MEXICO: ESTAD0 DE MEXICO: MUNICIPIO DE AME¬ CAMECA: 2 km al E de la Hacienda de Tomacoco; alt. 2650 m; fondo de Canada con bosque mesofilo; 22 III 1981; 0. Espinosa 1525 (ENCB). Otros ejemplares examinados: MEXICO: DISTRITO FE¬ DERAL: Desierto de los Leones; II 1953; L. Paray 1116 (ENCB, ME XU ) . Ill 1954 ; L. Paray 1386 (ENCB, MEXU). Ill 1959; L. Paray 2914 (ENCB). Cerca de la Venta; III 1963: L. Paray 3381 (ENCB, MEXU). ESTADO DE MEXICO: MU NICIPIO VILLA NICOLAS ROMERO: Entre Progreso Industrial y Cahuacan; alt. 2600 m; ladera con bosque de encino; 14 III 1981; J. Espinosa 1517 (ENCB). Los ejemplares que corresponden a esta especie se han identificado f recuentemente como E. aschenbornia- num Schauer, especie esta que seguramente corresponde a lo que De Candolle determino anteriormente como E . b us tamen ta . Agradecemos al Dr. 0. Rzedouski la traduccion al latin de la descripcion de ambas especies, asi como algunos comentarios de el recibidos; al biologo A. Barbosa la elaboracion de las laminas que ilustran las especies descritas. A NEW COMBINATION IN AMBROSIA (HELIANTHEAE-ASTERACEAE) FROM PERU Michael O. Dillon Department of Botany Field Musuem of Natural History Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496 Anbrosia dentata (Cabr.) Dillon, comb. nov. Franseria dentata Cabr., Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 10: 2J~. 1962. TYPE: PERU. Depto. Arequipa. Prov. Caraveli: lomas del Puerto Lomas, 390 m, 13 Nov 1957, N. Angulo 2554 (holotype: LP, not seen). Ambrosia parvifolia Payne, Brittonia 18: 35. 1966. TYPE: PERU. Depto. Arequipa. Prov. Caraveli: Nazca-Chavina, desert, 200 m, 16 Mar 1951, VL_ Rauh & D. Hirsh P498 (holotype: NY, not seen). A recent collecting trip in the lomas formations of coastal Peru yielded a small subshrub with ambrosioid characteristics. Cabrera (1962) described this unusual species within Franseria, a genus now considered congeneric with Ambrosia (Payne, 1964), thus necessitating the present combination. Payne (1966), apparently unaware of Cabrera's earlier description, redescribed the species as an Ambrosia, and stated that it resembled no other species known to him. Its shrubby habit and involucral morphology suggested affinity to an assemblage of relict species found in Baja California and adjacent Sonora, Mexico. This subshrub has small (10-15 mm long), sessile, entire to dentate leaves unlike any others within the genus. The totally epaleate receptacles of the staminate capitula is another character not found elsewhere in the genus. Phytochemical analysis of this species (Aregullin et al., in press) has shown it to elaborate a unique complement of flavonoids and sesquiterpenes. These data suggest its closest affinity is with Ambrosia dumosa (Gray) Payne, a species of the western United States, and Baja California and Sonora, Mexico. It probably represents a long-time occupant of the southern Peruvian desert and is best considered an allodisjunct (Turner, 1972) whose immediate ancestors are no longer extant. 337 338 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56. No. 5 Literature Cited Aregullin, M., G. Castaneda, E. Rodriguez, & M. 0. Dillon. 1984. Sesquiterpenes from Ambrosia dentata (Heliantheae-Asteraceae ) . Phytochemistry, in press. Cabrera, A. 1962. Compuestas Andinas Nuevas. Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 10: 21-42. Payne, W. W. 1964. A re-evaluation of the genus Ambrosia ( Compos itae). J. Arnold Arbor. 45: 401-438. _ . 1966. Notes on the ragweeds of South America with the description of two new species: Ambrosia pannosa and A. parvi folia (Compositae). BFi ttonia 18: 2&-TT. Turner, B. L. Chemosystematic data: Their use in the study of disjunctions. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 59: 152-164. A NEW COMBINATION IN JUNIPERUS BARBADENSIS L. (CUPRESSACEAE) . John Si 1 ba 198 W. Hoffman Ave., Lindenhurst, N.Y. 11757 Linneaus (1753) originally recognized two species of Juniperus in the Caribbean. Uncertainty as to the number of native taxa of the genus Juni perus in the Caribbean Islands has existed ever since several new species were proposed in the early 1900's. However, as far as I can determine Linneaus originally had a more accurate understanding of the classification of the Caribb¬ ean Junipers than later botanists. It is interesting to note that Dallimore & Jackson (1966) also followed the treatment of Linneaus, recognizing J_. barbadensi s as native from the Bahamas to Barbados and J. bermudiana from Bermuda. Similarly, Si 1 ba (1984) recognized two species in his checklist of the Coni ferae. An increasing number of recent chemotaxonomic studies of the Caribbean Junipers by Adams (1983) has prompted me to take a closer examination of the literature and of type herbarium material. It seems evident that a third taxon of Juniperus is worthy of taxonomic recognition, however only at the varietal level. A new combination is proposed as J_. barbadensi s var. urbani ana (Pi 1 g . et Ekman) Silba for a taxon present in S.E. Haiti and W. Dominican Republic. Zanoni (1978) had claimed that the taxonomy of the Caribbean Island Junipers could not be solved on the basis of examination of herbarium material alone. While it is true that herbarium collect¬ ions of the Caribbean Junipers are poorly represented in most herbaria it is my belief that an examination of type specimens can solve these discrepancies in taxonomy in all but one instance. Since J_. saxicola Britt, et Wils. is only represented by juvenile collections which have juvenile leaves and galls instead of true cones only taxonomic conclusions based on its branching pattern can now be drawn. Until adult foliage of .J. saxi col a is collected from Cuba no definite conclusion can be completely confirmed. It is odd that neither Zanoni (1978) or Adams (1983) make any statement as to why they do not accept the name J_. barbadensi s L. for the taxon endemic to the Bahamas, Cuba, Haiti and Jamaica. Instead these authors accept the name J_. 1 ucayana Britt, for the taxon distributed most widely in the Caribbean. However, the name J_. barbadensi s was validly published by Linneaus and takes precedence according to the ICBN. At the same time Adams & Hogge (1983) recognize two other species (J_. ekmani i & vh graci 1 ior) from Hispaniola on the basis of chemotaxonomic studies of volatile oils. I have accepted J^. barbadensis L. as the correct name for the taxon present from the Bahamas to Jamaica. This species is charact- 339 340 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 5 erized by its rounded branchlets and its obtuse leaves with a relatively inactive glandular pit on the dorsal side of the leaf. Herbarium specimens of J^. saxicola also have rounded branchlet systems and leaves in similar arrangement of that of barbadensis . R.P. Adams had made an annotation on the type specimen of J_. saxi¬ cola at NY that it is "probably barbadensis, needs field work." It is my belief that at most J_. saxicola would only be considered as a variety of J_. barbadensis if other characteristics besides differences in length of leaves were to be found later. At present J^. saxicola is best to be considered as a synonym of barbadensi s . An isotype of lL urbaniana (Eknan 3140) at NY differs consider¬ ably from typical J_. barbadensis in its quadrangular branchlets and its acuminate leaves with an acute to sharply acute apex. An isotype of ekmani i (Ekman 3140) at NY also has these features, but it is somewhat smaller in branchlet size and leaf size. These differences in size of branches and leaves may well be due to diff¬ erences of plants growing in shade or sun. Adams (1983) states other populations from Haiti are similar to J_. ekmani i , but since I have not seen these dried herbarium specimens and since photo¬ graphs look more similar to J^ barbadensi s I conclude that these N. Haitian populations are conspecific with J_. barbadensi s . The type specimen of J_. graci 1 ior wel 1 agrees with J_. barbaden¬ si s in its rounded branchlets and obtuse leaves. However, the name has been misapplied to populations of J^. urbaniana growing in the W. Dominican Republic. Specimens labeled as J_. graci 1 ior as Schrenk 25 (NY) from Arroya La Vora and Allard 16501 (NY) from Constanza, La Vega Province are actually typical of vL urbaniana , in that they have quadrangular branchlets with acuminate leaves with an acute apex. The taxon I will name as J_. barbadensis var. urbaniana actually resembles J_. bermudiana . Adams & Hogge (1983) had suggested that the Bermuda Juniper may have evolved by long seed dispersal from the Haitain Juniper (under the name J_. ekmani i ) .Juniperus bermud¬ iana also has quadrangular branchlets, however its leaves grow in sets of four to six and they are much thicker in width than the Haitian Juniper. Also, J_. bermudiana has obtuse leaves, its leaf apex is not sharply acute as in J. barbadensi s v,ar. urban¬ iana , neither is its leaf acuminate . These two taxa are also widely separated geographically. It seems more probable that the Haitian Juniper is a variety of the West Indies Juniper on the basis of the similarity in cones and distribution . JUNIPERUS BARBADENSIS L. "West Indies Juniper" Sp. PI. 1039 (1753)= lL lucayana Britt., N. Am. Trees. 121 (1908)= J. saxicola Britt, et Wils., Bull. Torr. Cl. 50: 35 (1923). As it is presently understood typical J^. barbadensis is 1984 Silba, A new combination 341 recognized as occuring in the Bahamas, Cuba, N. Haiti, W. Domini¬ can Republic and possibly still in Barbados. JUNIPERUS BARBADENSIS var. URBANIANA (Pilg.et Ekman) Silba, comb. nova "Haitian Juniper" Synonymy : J_. urbaniana Pi 1 g . et Ekman, Arik. Bot. Stockh. 20a. no. 15. 9 (1926)= J.ekmanii Florin, Acta Hort. Gothoburg. 3 (1928). Juniperus barbadensis var. urbaniana is native to S.E. Haiti and U. Dominican Republic, and is an endangered plant (Adams, under the name J^. ekmani i , 1983). Literature Cited Adams, R.P. (1983). Moscosoa 2(1): 77-39. Adams, R.P. & Hogge, L. (1983). Biochem. Syst. Ecol . 11 ( 2 ) : 85-89 . Dallimore, A. & Jackson, A.B. (1966) A Handbook of Coniferae and Ginkgoaceae. Rev. ed. by S.G. Harrison. London. Linneaus. C. (1753) Species Plantarum. Stockholm. Silba, J. (1984). Phytologia Memoirs 7. Plainfield. Zanoni , T. (1978). Phytologia 30: 443. NOTES ON NEW AND NOTEWORTHY PLANTS. CLXXVIII Harold N. Moldenke AEGJPHJLA PAP.ANENS1S Mold., sp. nov. Frutex ramulis densissime villosis, pilis brunneis; foliis decus- sato-oppositis ; petiolis brevibus usque ad 1 cm. longis densissime villosis; laminis membranaceis fragilibus (in sicco) elongato-ellipti- cis ca, 25 cm. longis 5.5 — 6.5 cm. latis apicaliter acuminatis mar- ginaliter integris basaliter longe attenuatis supra sparse strigillo- sis subtus dense villosulo-pubescentibus dense punctatis; infructes- centiis axillaribus parvis breviter pedunculatis 3 — 6-fructis. Shrub, 5 — 6 m. tall; branches gray, pubescent, longitudinally stri¬ ate; branchlets more slender, subterete, very densely short-villous with brown hairs; leaves decussate-opposite, concentrated on the new growth; petioles very short, to 1 cm. long, densely villosulous like the branchlets; leaf-blades membranous, fragile in drying, dark-green above, lighter beneath, apically acuminate, marginally entire, basally rather long-attenuate, sparsely strigillose with somewhat bulbous- based hairs above, densely villosulous-pubescent and punctate beneath; flowers not seen; inf ructescences axillary, borne on the leafless branches of the previous season, small, mostly 3--6-fruited; peduncles very short, to 1 cm. long at most, densely brown-pubescent; fruiting pedicels short, rigid, rather stoutish, to 5 mm. long, densely brown- pubescent; fruiting-calyx incrassate, cupuliform, about 8 mm. long and 10 mm. wide, at first externally pubescent, later glabrescent, the rim truncate and entire^ or subentire, internally smooth and shiny; fruit drupaceous, oblong-rotund, about 1 cm. long and wide, external¬ ly glabrous. This species is based on J. Ez.Km.ndtz Ccu>a6 & J. WotZA.0 EC. 5668, collected in a dense shady woods at km. 12, Escuela Tecnica Forestal, Puerto Presidente Strossner, at 250 m. altitude, Paraguay, on Janu¬ ary 28, 1982, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. LJPPJA LUPUUNA f. ALBA Mold., f. nov. Haec forma a forma typica speciei corollis albis recedit. This form differs from the typical form of the species only in having white corollas. The form is based on J. EtA.da.ndtZ COLAOA & J. MolZA.0 EC. 6409 from Caaguazu, in the neighborhood of Yhu, in sandy soil of a typi¬ cal cerrado, Paraguay, on February 22, 1982, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. The collectors note that the plant was 60 cm. tall, with white "flowers". 342 THE ALGAE OF NEW JERSEY. (U.S.A.) VIII. PHAEOPHYTA (BROWN ALGAE). B. ADDITIONS MaryAnn Foote College of Mount Saint Vincent on the Hudson Biology Department Riverdale, New York 10491 In the fourth paper of this series, the register of the brown algae of the state of New Jersey was presented. Further research has yielded a number of species omitted from this first list. PHAEOPHYTA BROWN ALGAE Chorda filum (L.) Stack Perth Amboy; Ocean Beach (1) Chordaria f lagelliformis (FI. Dorn.) Ag . Atlantic City, not common (1) Desmarestia aculeata (L.) Lamour Communipaw; Beesley's Point (1) Desmarestia viridis Lamour Sandy Hook; New York Bay (1) Dictyocystis hitchcockil (Wolle) Lagerheim state (1) Dictyosiphon f oeniculaseus (Huds.) Grev. Atlantic City on stones and other algae near low-water mark; Longport; New York Bay (1) Ectocarpus confervoides (Roth) LeJolis common along coast (1) Ectocarpus confervoides var. siliculosus Kjellman Beesley's Point on Zostera in bays; Atlantic City; Ocean Grove; Tuckerton; South Amboy (1) Ectocarpus fasciculatus Harv. Communipaw; Perth Amboy (1) Ectocarpus granulosus (Smith) Ag . Atlantic City on an old mast (1) Ectocarpus llttoralis Lyngb. Egg Harbor; Atlantic City; Longport; New York Bay; Tuckerton; South Amboy (1) Ectocarpus littoralis var. ramellosus Hauck. Atlantic City (1) Ectocarpus lutosus Harv. Pleasure Bay (1) Ectocarpus terminalis Kutz. Atlantic City (1) Ectocarpus tomentosus (Huds.) Lyngb. Atlantic City, rather common (1) Elachlstea fuclcola (Velley) Fr . common on rockweed along coast (1) 343 344 PHVTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 5 Laminaria saccharina (L.) Lamour Long Branch; Sandy Hook; Asbury Park; Atlantic City; occassional, Longport; New York Bay (1) Myrionema vulgare Thur. common on various algae and occasional on stones along entire coast (1) Punctaria latifolia Grev. Atlantic City; Perth Amboy; New York Bay (1) Punctaria latifolia var. zosterae Le Jolis Atlantic City; Longport; Communipaw (1) Punctaria plantaginia (Roth) Grev. on pilings between tide marks, Atlantic City (1) Ralfsia clavata (Carm.) Crouin Somers Point; Atlantic City; Cape May (1) Ralfsia verrucosa (Aersch.) J. Ag . Atlantic City, on old shells and woodwork; Cape May (1) Scytosiphon lomentarius (Lyngb.) J. Ag . on stones between tide marks, common (1); common, Atlantic City (2) REFERENCES 1. Britton, W. 1889. Catalogue of Plants Found in New Jersey. John L. Murphy Publishing Co. Trenton, N.J. 2. Morse, S. 1881. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 75:309-14 ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS CORNUTIA. ] X Harold N. Moldenke CORNUTIA GRANVIFOLIA (Schlecht. & Cham.) Schau. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 56: 315 — 316. 1984. Additional citations: NICARAGUA: Nueva Segovia; W. V. SteveM 3355 (Ld) . COSTA RICA: Alajuela: LLeAneA & JudZyiejMA.CZ 14968 (Ld) ; A. Smith 18 5 (W — 2086104). Puntarenas: Vk yeK 1508 (E — 2889939). San Jose: Todzia 1843 (Au, N) . PANAMA: Canal Zone: Sulli¬ van 602 (E— 2889929) . Cocld: Alien 1637 (w— 1820159) , 1 795 (w— 1820224); F olAom & Kauke 2775 (Ld) ; Hammel 3884 (Ld) ; Hu^t 1915 (Ld) . Herrera: Hammel 5285 (E — 2889961). Veraguas: Hummel. 4333 (Ld) . CULTIVATED: Florida: Glllli 8464 (Ba— 387253). CORNUTIA GRANVIFOLIA var. INTERMEDIA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 41: 124 — 127. 1978; F. C. Seymour, Phytol. Mem. 1: 243. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 61, 71, 75, 78. 81, 83, 352, & 545. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 56: 316. 1984. Recent collectors refer to this plant as a shrub, 2 — 4 m. tall, or a tree, 10 — "25" [Reveal & Balogh 4964 1 m. tall, and have found it growing on weedy roadsides, among stream edge vegetation and in ad¬ jacent forests, in cutover areas of moist subtropical forests, and in clay oxysol of cow pastures associated with Paipalum, at 600 — 1500 m. altitude, in anthesis in February, May, and June, and in fruit in August. Poole and his associates refer to it as "infrequent". The corollas are said to have been "purple" on VofianleA & A C06la 2147bl& and Poole & al. 1533, "lilac" on Guzman & al. 608, "blue" on V'Aficy 5273 and Reveal & Balogh. 4964, and "violet" on Wedel 2173. Seymour (1980) cites Robbing 6178 and Zelaya 2319 from Matagalpa, Nicaragua. Material of this taxon has been misidentif ied and distributed in some herbaria as C. pyfiamldala L. On the other hand, the B antleXt & LaaeA 16329, distributed as C. gfiandl^olla var. InXeKmedla, seems actually to be var. nofimallA (Kuntze) Mold. Additional citations: MEXICO: Veracruz: VoKanteA £ A C06ta. 2147bl6 (Ld) ; Poole, Pollock, & Levy 1533 (au) . Nicaragua: Granada: Guzmdn, CoaIko, i Montiel 608 (Ld) . costa rica: Alajuela: Taylou & Taylon 11700 (W— 2906323). PANAMA: Bocas del Toro: Uedel 2173 (W— 1920359) . Cocl4: Reveal & Balogh 4964 (E — 2889919). Veraguas: V'Aficy 5273 (Ld) . C0RNUT1A GRANV1F0L1A var. NORMA LIS (Kuntze) Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 41: 124 & 125. 1978; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 61, 81, 83, 85, 352, & 545. 1980* Mold., Phy¬ tologia 56: 316. 1984. Recent collectors describe this plant as a shrub, 1 — 4 m. tall, the flowers "visited by many bees", and have encountered it along road¬ sides and in disturbed and waste areas, at 150 — 900 m. altitude, in anthesis in April, May, and July, and in fruit in May. The corollas 345 346 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 5 are said to have been "blue" on A ntonTo 3971 and Fo-tAOm &. EdwafidA 3386, "lavender" on SytAma & Ande.K44on 4646, and "purple" on SuJLLL- va.n 413. Material of this taxon has been misidentif ied and distributed in some herbaria as var. Lll£.(LH.m(LcU-imaJU.i> , seem to represent the typi cal form of the species instead. Additional citations: MEXICO: Veracruz: SoiLiCL 17 48 (Me — 112582) . COSTA RICA: Guanacaste : R ouoJLdt & Rocv£e.e 111 (It). Puntarenas : R OW£e.C & R OIMIZZ 178 (It). San Jose: SklUck 2642 (W — 1642564). Province undetermined: Weston, W&Aton, i WeAton 1859 (N) . PANAMA: Canal Zone: Row£ee & R ouittz 449 (It); TyAOn 1874a. (W — 2512633). Panama: Ba.*vtieX£ & La.4Ae.fi 16329 (Mi), veraguas: A ntonlo 3971 (Ld) ,- F oti>on & EdbOafidA 3386 (Ld) ; SytAma & A ndeAAAon 4646 (Ld) ; SlULLLvclvi 413 (Ld) . CORNUTIA GRANVIFOLIA var. PURPUSI Mold. Emended synonymy: Ho-ita. Zong-i^olsLa. Humb. ex Spreng. in L., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 39. 1825. Additional bibliography: Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 4: 81. 1845; Mold., Phytologia 41: 125. 1978; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 62 & 545. 1980 CORNUTIA GRANV1F0L1A f. QUAVRANGULARJS (0rst. & Mold.) Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 41: 125. 1978; Hock¬ ing, Excerpt. Bot. A. 33: 5 & 165. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 81. 395, & 545. 1980. CORNUTIA GRANVIF0L1A var. ST0RK1I Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 41: 125 — 126. 1978; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 81 & 545. 1980. CORNUTIA JAMAICENSIS Mold. Additional bibliography: C. D. Adams, Flow. PI. Jamaic. 636. 1972; Mold., Phytologia 41: 126. 1978; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 93 & 545. 1980. CORNUTIA LATIFOLIA (h.b.k.) Mold. Emended synonymy: HoAdjX ZcutL^otTa Humb. ex Spreng. in L., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 39. 1825. Additional & emended bibliography: G. Don in Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3, 551. 1839; Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 4: 81. 1845; Mold., Phy¬ tologia 41: 126. 1978; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 62, 71, 74, 352, 412, & 545. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 52: 116. 1982; C. L. & A. A. Lundell, Wrightia &: 119 & 159. 1983; Raj, Rev. Palaeobot. Palyn. 39: 355, 371, 394, 406, & 412, pi. 11, fig. 4. 1983,- Mold., Phytologia 56: 316. 1984. Illustrations: Raj, Rev. Palaeobot. Palyn. 39: 412. 1983. Recent collectors have found this plant growing at lagoons and in "acahual of 2 years of Acalypha (ILveAAi&oLLa. derived from a forest of RoblnAOnieLia rccLfiandae." , at an altitude of 1.8 — 3 m. , in a region of "3995.6 mm. precipitation, 24.9° C. f/nperature" , in full an- 1984 Moldenke, Notes on CoKnuXia 347 thesis in August, reporting for it the local name, "lengua de vaca" . The GznXlt 186 and Landed l Lundell 7888, distributed as and cited by me in previous installments of these notes as C. loiifaolia, seem on further examination actually to represent C. pyKomidala var. idihmica Mold, instead. Additional citations: MEXICO: Oaxaca: ViobZOKejXA 340 7 (Me — 104715), 3578 (Me — 103432). Veracruz: R. M. King 992 (W— 2397524) . GUATEMALA: Quezaltenango : SlluXch 1326 (W — 1644114) . BELIZE: Wilzy 90 (Ld). C0RNUTIA LATIFOLIA f. ALBA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 41: 126. 1978; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 62 & 545. 1980. CORNUTJA LILAC1NA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 41: 125, 126, & 130. 1978; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 71, 75, 77, 78, 352, & 546. 1980; F. C. Seymour, Phytol. Mem. 1: 243. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 50: 243 (1982), 52: 116 (1982), 54: 299 & 231 (1983), and 56: 316. 1984. Recent collectors describe this plant as a shrub, growing in pinelands, the leaves lighter in color beneath, the midrib reddish, and the fruit black. They found it in fruit in June. The corollas are described as having been "purple-blue" on HeAb. Szc. Boi. 171 and "bluish-purple" on HouiaKd & aJL. 5 14. Seymour (1980) cites SalaA 58 from Nicaragua. The Molina R. 3082 and StzyZKmaKk 30338 & 37427 , distributed as typical C, liladna, actually represent its var. vzluiina Mold., while Molina R. 5222 is C. pyfiamidaXa var. iithmica Mold. Additional citations: HONDURAS: Province undetermined: Howafid, BKigg6 , Kamb, Lane., i Zetland 514 [Los Dragos] (w — 2988363). el SALVADOR: San Salvador: HeAb. SZC. Bot. 171 (Me — 172261). C0RNUTIA LILACIMA var. l/ELUTINA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 41: 125, 126, & 130. 1978; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 71, 75, 77, 78, 352, & 546. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 50: 243 (1982), 52: 116 (1982), 54: 229 & 231 (1983), and 56: 316. 1984. Recent collectors describe this plant as a shrub or small tree, 2 — 4 m. tall, or a slender, rounded tree, 4 — 10 m. tall, the leaves firmly membranous, dull rich-green above, pale-green beneath, pungent- ly malodorous, with a gray-white or dull-rose midrib. They have found it growing in alluvial plain fields, along roadsides and dis¬ turbed roadsides, in gallery forests, and on slopes of open brushy semi-plains, from sealevel to 1500 m. altitude, in flower in March and June to September, in fruit in August and September. Allen re¬ ports it only "occasional" or "infrequent" in El Salvador, but Stevens found it "common on inland side of ridges" in Nicaragua. The vernacular name, "zapulote morada", is recorded for the plant. The corollas are said to have been "blue" on AHzn &. Szve.KZn 6923 and MoKe.no 1886 & 3 082, "blue-violet" on CuoaX 42504, "purple" on Guzman & al. 379, Moazno 1289 & 2996, and SlzvznA 2945, 9744, & 9932, "violet" on Hzill 2447 , "deep-violet" on A llzn 7073, and 348 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 5 "lilac-lavender with 2 buff-yellow spots below the center, the cen¬ ter deeper purple" on SteyeKmaKk 31 421 . Material of this taxon has been misidentif ied and distributed in some herbaria as typical C. Litactna Mold., C. gKandtfiotta (Schlecht. & Cham.) Schau. , and C. pyKamtdata L. It is possible that CKOdt 42504 may actually represent a form of C. gKa.ndA.fiotA.CL. Additional citations: MEXICO: Veracruz: GentKy, Lott, &. Bot. CtaAA 325S0 (Ld) . GUATEMALA: Chiquimula: SteyeKmaKk 30338 (W — 1842172). San Marcos: SteyeKmaKk 31421 (W — 2022057). HONDURAS: Co¬ pin: CKOdt 42504 (Ld) . Morazin: Mottna R. 3082 (W — 2022482). EL SALVADOR: Sonsonate: A tten 1013 (W— 2296043) ; ktten & SeveKen 6923 (W— 2296011). NICARAGUA: Chontales: Guzman, COLAtKO , & Monttet 319 (Ld). Estelx: MoKeno 1289 (Ld) , 1886 (Ld) ; W. V. StevenA 9932 (Ld) . Granada: ktwood & Mettt AM. 79 (Ln — 266880). Madriz: MoKe.no 2996 (Ld) . Managua: ChaveA 316 (W — 1637370) ; W. V. Ste.ve.nA 2945 (Ld) . Rivas: Nettt 2441 (Ld) W. V. Ste.ve.nA 9144 (Ld) . CORNUTTk MICROCkLZCINk Pavon & Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 41: 124 — 128. 1978; Mukherjee & Chanda, Trans. Bose Res. Inst. 41: 41. 1978; LvtCz 1330 (w — 2925228). BELIZE: Gentle 186 (F— 662519, Mi, N, W--1585899, W— 1636835); Wiley 430 (Ld) . HONDURAS: Corte's: Molina R. 5222 (W — 2189005) . CORNUTIA pyRAMIPATA var. JSTHM1CA f. ALBIIM Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 41: 130. 1978; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 71, 395, & 546. 1980. CORNUTIA PVRAM1VATA f. SERRATA Mold., Phytologia 52: 230. 1982. Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 52: 230. 1982. Citations: LEEWARD ISLANDS: Guadeloupe: QueAtel 2388 (E — photo of type, W — 1881896 — type. CORMUTIA THVRS01VEA Banks & Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 41: 130. 1978; Hock¬ ing, Excerpt. Bot. A. 33: 91. 1979; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 93, 352, & 546. 1980. ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS LIPPIA. XVIII Harold N. Moldenke Since the publication of the last previous notes on this genus so many hundreds of herbarium specimens have come to hand from col¬ lectors in the field and from herbarium curators and so much new bibliographic information has become available that another in my ongoing series of notes has become justified. Herbarium acronyms are those used in all previous papers and most recently explained in Phytologia Memoirs 2: 463 — 469 with a supplement in Phytologia 50: 268. LIPPIA Houst. Additional bibliography: P. Mill., Gard. Diet., ed. 8, Lantana no. 8. 1768; Willd. in L. , Sp. PI., ed. 4, 3 (2): 3. 1802; Reichenb., Deutsch. Bot. [Repert. Herb. Norn.] 108. 1841; Brongn. , Enum. Gen. PI., ed. 1, 65. 1843; D. Dietr., Syn. Pi. 3: 371, 596 — 600, 609, & 610. 1843; Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 4: [3], 33, 34, 41—57, 64, 69, & 134. 1845; Lindl. , Veget. Kingd. , ed. 1, 663 & 354 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 5 664 (1846) and ed. 2, 663 & 664. 1847; Walp. , Repert* Bot. Syst. 6: 688 — 689. 1847; Walp., Ann. Bot. Syst. 1: 543. 1849; Brongn. , Enum. Gen. PI., ed. 2, 119. 1850; A. Rich, in Sagra, Hist. Fis. Polit. Nat. Cuba 11 (2): 139 — 140. 1850; Lindl. , Veg. Kingd. , ed. 3, 663 & 664. 1853; C. Muell. in Walp., Ann. Bot. Syst. 5: 707 & 708. 1860; Miq. , Journ. Bot. Neerl. 1: 115. 1861; Sagra, Icon. PI. FI. Cub. 40. 1863; Seem., FI. Vit. 186. 1866; Lindl. & Moore, Treas. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 687. 1870; Franch. & Savat. , Enum. PI. Jap. 1: 357. 1875; F. Muell., Fragm. Phyt. Austral. 9: 4. 1875; Lindl. & Moore, Treas. Bot., ed. 3, 1: 687. 1876; A. Gray, Synop. FI. N. Am., ed. 1, 2: 333 & 338 — 339. 1878; Bailey & Tenison-Woods, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales 4: 174. 1880; Dymock, Veg. Mat. Med. W. India, ed. 1, ix, 498 — 499, & 765. 1884; Lindl. & Moore, Treas. Bot., ed. 4, 1: 687. 1884; A. Gray, Synop. FI. N. Am., ed. 2, 2: 333 & 338—339. 1886; Maxim., Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Petersb. 31: 73. 1886; Durand, Ind. Gen. Phan. 320. 1888; Podwissodaki, Parke Davis Work Bull. Scient. Invest. New Mat. Med. 251. 1889; F. Muell., Sec. Syst. Census Austral. PI. 1: 171. 1889; F. M. Bailey, Cat. Indig. Nat. PI. Queensl. 35. 1890; Baill., Hist. PI. 11: 81, 91, 94, 101, 102, & 112, fig. 86. 1891; Lace & Hemsl. , Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 28: 318. 1891; Baill., Hist. PI. 11: 491. 1892; Dymock, Warden, & Hooper, Pharmacog. Ind., imp. 1, 3: [iii] & 57 — 58. 1893; Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. , ed. 1, 4 (3a): 133, 135, 137, 138, 140 — 143, 149 — 152, 379, & 382. 1895; S. Moore, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot., ser. 2, 4: 435 — 437 & 531. 1895; Millsp. & Nutt., Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 1: 224. 1896; Hfick, Justs Bot. Jahresber. 22 (2): 76. 1897; Millsp., Field Columb. Mus. Publ. Bot. 1: 387. 1898; Lindl. & Moore, Treas. Bot., ed. 5, 1: 687. 1899; Koord. & Valet., Meded. Lands Plant. 42: 164. 1900; F. M. Bailey, Queensl. FI. 4: 1165 & 1171—1172. 1901; Bettfreund, FI. Argent. 3: 160 & 254 — 255. 1901; Millsp., Field Columb. Mus. Publ. Bot. 1: 524. 1902; schelle in Beissner, Schelle, & Zabel, Handb. Laubholz-Benen. 426. 1903; Post & Kuntze, Lexicon 20, 94,334, & 688. 1904; Duthie in Strachey, Cat. PI. Kumaon 136. 1906; Power & Tutin, Am. Journ. Pharm. 79: 449—462. 1907; Vierh., Denkschr. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien 71: 114 [434]. 1907; E. D. Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. 3: 430. 1908; Thonner, Bldtenpfl. Afr. 498. 1908; Haines, For. FI. Chota Nagpur 488. 1910; Brandis, Indian Trees, imp. 3, 502 — 503. 1911; Pulle in Lorentz, Nova Guinea, ser. 1, 8 (1): 401. 1911; Wehmer, Pflanzenst. , ed. 1, 645 — 646. 1911; F. W. Harvey, Garden 76: 24. 1912; Koord., Exkursionsfl. 3: 131, 133, & 439. 1912; E. D. Merr., Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot,. 7: 165 & 189. 1912; Urb., Symb. Antil. 7: 353 — 354. 1912; Thonner, Flow. PI. Afr. 468. 1915; Parker, For. FI. Punj . , ed. 1, 404 — 405. 1918; Hubert, Trav. Lab. Mat. M^d. Fac. Pharm. Paris 13: [Verb. Util. Mat. Med.] 2, 3, [19], 30—44, 124, 128, & [129], pi. 2, fig. 9 — 11. 1921; E. D. Merr., Enum. Philip. Flow. Pi. 3: 381. 1923; H. J. Lam in Lauterb., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 59: [87]. 1924; Parker, For. FI. Punj., ed. 2, 404 — 405. 1924; Borsch, Hardy Herb. Alp. PI. 18. 1927; Domin, Bibl. Bot. 22 (89): 1106. 1928; Ekman, Arkiv Bot. 22A: 51 & 105. 1929; Ewart, FI. Viet. 973—974. 1930; C. A. Gardn., Enum. Pi. Austral. Occid. 3: 111. 1931; Pio Correa & Pena, Die. Pi. Uteis Bras. 2: 208, 254, 255, & 257 (1931) and 3, imp. 1, 393. 1931; 1984 Moldenke, Notes on Ltpp-Ut 355 Wehmer, Pflanzenst., ed. 2, 1020 — 1022. 1931; Marloth, FI. S. Afr. 145 & 146. 1932; Masamune, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formos. 22: 169. 1932; Hosokawa, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formos. 23: 232--233. 1933; Mold., Phytologia 1: 95 & 98. 1934; E. D. Merr., Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., ser. 2, 24 (2): 331 — 332. 1935; Kanjilal, Das, Kanjilal, & De, FI. Assam, imp. 1, 3: 458, 459, 461, & 552. 1939; Maki., Illust. FI. Nipp. 189. 1940; L. H. & E. Z. Bailey, Hortus Second, imp. 1, 42. 1941; Lemee, Diet. Descrip. Syn. Gen. PI. Phan. 8B: 650 & 653. 1943; Savage, Cat. Linn. Herb. Lond. 4 & 109. 1945; Pio Correa & Pena, Die. Pi. Uteis Bras. 3, imp. 2, 393. 1952; Church, Hall, & Laurie, Gardens People, ed. 1, 47. 1955; Riddick, Bull. State PI. Board Fla. 42. 1955; Chopra, Nayar, & Chopra, Gloss. Indian Med. PI. 155. 1956; Gardn. & Bennetts, Toxic Pi. West. Austral. [224] . 1956; Anon., Kew Bull. Gen. Ind. 172. 1959; Hundley & Ko in Lace, List Trees Shrubs Burma, ed. 3, 200. 1961; Morse, Gard. Shade, ed. 2 imp. 1, 72. 1962; White & Angus, For. FI. N. Rhodes. 365 & 370. 1962; Eichler, Suppl. Black's FI. S. Austral. 265. 1965; R. N. & I. C. Chopra & Varma, Suppl. Gloss. Indian Med. Pi. 56 & 79. 1969; Pio Correa & Penna, Die. PI. Uteis Bras. 4: 38, 40, & 128. 1969; Polunin, Field Guide FIs. Eur. 78, 341 — 343, & 610, fig. 66A & 1086. 1969; Brandis, Indian Trees, imp. 5, 502 — 503. 1971; Dymock, Worden, & Hooper, Pharmacog. Indica, imp. 2 [Hamdard 15:] 330 & 345. 1972; T. B. Muir, Muelleria 2: 166. 1972; J. H. Willis, Handb. Pi. Viet., imp. 1, 2: 579. 1972; L. H. & E. Z. Bailey, Hortus Second imp. 18, 42 & 435. 1974; Bennet, FI. Howrah 303, 309, & 310. 1976; Jacobs, Grow. Using Herbs 54, 55, & 94. 1976; C. F. Sm. , Santa Bar¬ bara 241 & 242, fig. 284. 1976; Bodley, Lab. Anthrop. Wash. St. Univ. Rep. Invest. 55: 20, 30, 31, 41, 49, 50, & 54. 1978; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A. 30: 421. 1978; Layzell & Horton, Canad. Journ. Bot. 56: 1845. 1978; Lord, Trees Shrubs Austral. Gard., ed. 5, 245. 1978; Rzedowski, Veget. Mex. 174 & 360. 1978; J. H. Willis, Handb. PI. Viet., imp. 2, 2: 579. 1978; Wright, Perry, Boyd, & Elsley, Compl. Book Gard. 234 & 387. 1978; E. B. Sm. , Atlas Annot. List, imp. 1, 353 (1978) and imp. 2, 353. 1979; Benson, PI. Classif., ed. 2, 276. 1979; Botta, Darwiniana 22: 68, 69, 79, 80, 82, 85, 87, 90—95, 98, 101, 102, 105, 106, & 108. 1979; Botta, Hickenia 1: [195]. 1979; Horst in Westcott, PI. Disease Handb., ed. 4, 597. 1979; Puig, Trav. Sect. Scient. Techn. Inst. Franc. Pond. Hors 16: 76 — 78 & 83. 1979; Virkki, Journ. Agric. Univ. Puerto Rico 63: 50 (1979) and 64: 65. 1980; Angely, S. Am. Bot. Bibl. 2: 665, 666, 668, 670, 673, & 676— 678. 1980; Botta, Darwiniana 22: [511], 512, 514—517, 523, 526, 528, 529, & 531. 1980; Eleuterius, Illustr. Guide Tidal Marsh PI. [Miss. -Ala. Sea Grant Publ. 77-039:] 13, 112, & 113. 1980; Font Quer, PI. Med. Diosc. 639. 1980; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A. 35: 17 & 324. 1980; J. T. & R. K. Kartesz, Syn. Checklist Vase. FI. 2: 467. 1980; F. C. Seymour, Phytol. Mem. 1: 244 & 309. 1980; Troncoso, Hickenia 1: [227] & 231. 1980; Barcelo, FI. Mallorca 4: 10—12. 1980; Bawa, Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 11: 16. 1980; Labadie, Ornament. Shrubs West. Landsc. 51. 1980; Prescott, How Know Aquat. PI., ed. 2, 58, fig. 64. 1980; Cronq., Integ. Syst. Classif. 913 & 923. 1981; Cunningh., Mulham, Milthorpe, & Leigh, PI. West. N. S. Wales 568. 1981; Harvill, Bradley, & Stevens, Atlas Va. FI. 2: 142. 1981; Heath 356 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 5 Source Book Flav. 294 & 296. 1981; Hickey & King, 100 Fam. Flow. PI. 346 & 347. 1981; Maheshwari, Phytomorph. 4: 217 — 230. 1981; Mairesse, Health Secrets Med. Herbs 133 — 134. 1981; Masclans, Noms PI. Pais. Catal. 246 & 267. 1981; Medeiros, An. Congres. Nac. Bot. 32: 276 & 279. 1981; Mold., Phytologia 48: 151—185, 255—270, 290— 291, & 511 (1981), 49: 431 & 509 (1981), and 50: 13 & 14. 1981; Munz & Slauson, Ind. Illust. Living Things Outside N. Am. 167 & 374. 1981; Rogerson, Becker, Buck, & Long, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 108: 397 & 400. 1981; Rooyen, Theron, & Grobbalzar, Kourn. S. Afr. Bot. 47: 413. 1981; Rouleau, Repert. Nom. Gen. Ind. Kew. 480 & 481. 1981; Silva, Sano, & Silva, An. Congres. Nac. Bot. 32: 21. 1981; Varma, FI. Bhagalpur Dicot. 304, 305, & 307. 1981; Whittle & Cook, Curtis's Flow. Gard. 188. 1981; L. O. Williams, Ceiba @$: 332. 1981; Baum- gardt. How Identify Flow. PI. Fam. 264. 1982; Blundell, Wild FIs. Kenya 109, 142, & 158, pi. 8, fig. 54. 1982; D. S. & H. B. Correll, FI. Bahama Arch. 1216, 1234, 1239, & 1240. 1982; Cronq. in S. P. Parker, Synop. Classif. Living Organisms 1: 451. 1982; P. H. Davis, FI. Turkey 7: 31. 1982; Duval [transl. Tomarken & Cowen] , Kings Gard. 62. 1982; Gaussen, Leroy, & Ozenda, Precis Bot. 2: 407. 1982; Kanjilal, Das, Kanjilal, & De, FI. Assam, imp. 2, 3: 458, 459, 461, & 552. 1982; Liogier & Martorell, FI. Puerto Rico 153, 154, & 323. 1982; Ldpez-Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Andes 22: 20 & 51. 1982; Mold., Phytologia 50: 214—215, 239, 241—243, 245 — 248, 250, 256, 261, 262, 269, 469, & 508 (1982), 51: 162 & 498 (1982), and 52: 19 & 114 — 119. 1982; Monfries, Seaside Gard. Austral. 59. 1982; D. M. Moore, FI. Eur. Checklist 184. 1982; Morse, Gard. Shade, ed. 2, 72. 1982; Reis & Lipp, New PI. Sources Drugs 252. 1982; Wunderlin, Guide Vase. PI. Cent. Fla. 312 & 315. 1982; Badillo, Schnee, & Ro¬ jas, Ernstia 14: [Clave Fam. PI. Sup. Venez. , ed. 6] 223. 1983; Church, Hall, & Laurie, Gardens People, ed. 2, 47. 1983; Inst. In¬ vest. Cient. Trop. Lisb. Ind. Sem. 1982-83 245. 1983; Knobloch, Phytol. Mem. 6: 13, 14, 21, 45, 63, 73, 82, 88, 89, 91, 95, 99, & 152 — 154. 1983; Mold., Phytologia 52: 414, 482, & 506 (1983) , 53: 461 & 504 (1983), and 54: 230—236, 238, 240, & 243. 1983; H. N. & A. L. Mold, in Dassan. & Fosb. , Rev. Handb. FI. Ceyl. 4: 219. 1983; Munir in Morley & Toelken, Flow. Pi. Austral. 288. 1983; Raj, Rev. Palaeobot. Palyn. 39: 350, 360, 364, & 388. 1983; Retamar, Delfini, & Iturraspe, Essenze Deriv. Agr. 51: 40 — 43. 1983; Retamar, Delfini, Juliani, Giussani, & Piagentini, Essenze Deriv. Agr. 51: 191 — 197. 1983; Reveal, Phytologia 52: 81. 1983; Guha Bakshi, FI. Murshida- bad Dist. 246 & 250. 1984; Henry & Scott, Phytologia 56: 6. 1984; Martin & Hutchins, Spring Wildfls. N. Mex. 188 & 189. 1984; Mold., Phytologia 54: 507 (1984) and 55: 42 — 43, 113, 115, 116, & 509, pi. 2. 1984. Duval (1982) gives some interesting details about the life and work of Auguste Lippi (1678 — 1704), the unfortunate French natural¬ ist to whom the present genus is dedicated: "In 1705 [date?] , one of Fagon's proteges, the young botanist Augustin Lippi, together with an entire diplomatic mission, was assassinated on the way to Abyssinia. Lippi was only twenty-seven years old. After landing in Cairo, the mission was blockaded somewhere along the Ethiopian bor¬ der, and finally massacred. Augustin Lippi had been able, however. 1984 Moldenke, Notes on LUppZa 357 to send off a few messages before the disaster, and he had also dispatched some seeds to Fagon. The latter was convinced that Lippi would have been a great botanist, and there is much to confirm his view. Lippi was the first to be interested in algae, for example, which no one before him had seriously thought of including in the realm of botany. Before leaving for Egypt, he sent numerous algae specimens to the garden from Marseilles along with a lengthy report. Danty d'Isnard, a professor at the King's Garden, sought to recon¬ stitute Lippi's work about 1710, but it was too widely dispersed. At least 200 specimens sent back in his name had been classified in other herbaria. Later, Michel Adanson was to pay tribute to the perceptiveness of Lippi's observations on palms and fig trees, noting that his predecessor had been the first to call attention to the existence of the baobab (Ada.nAorU.CL dUgUtaUa) , which Adanson was to introduce into Europe. And as a posthumous tribute, Linnaeus ded cated to the murdered botanist a plant of the VeAbznaczaz family, the lippia." He goes on to remind us that "The massacre of the Abyssinian mission helps us understand the perpetual state of anxi¬ ety experienced by members of most of the scientific expeditions of the period." The Corrells (1982) give "1703" as the date of Lippi's death, but the late Dr. John Hendley Barnhart, pre-eminent botanical biographer and bibliographer, has adopted 1704 as the actual date. The Corrells assert that the genus contains "about 206 species" — actually, as of the present date, I accept 300 taxa in the genus proper. Lindley, in 1870, commented that it contained "nearly a hundred species" at that time, "generally with glands containing an aromatic volatile oil". Durand (1888) divided the genus into 2 sections: A ZoyAUa Schau. (comprising our present genera AJLoyAUa Ort. and AcjanUhoZUppZa Gri- seb.) and Za.pa.nUa. Benth. & Hook, (including the present genus PhyZa) Dalla Torre & Harms (1904) divided it into subgenus AZoyAUa Schau. and subgenus ZapanUa Benth., the latter into 5 sections: GonOAtach.- yum Schau., AcjanUkoZUppUa Briq., VZptQJiocjxZyx Schau., Eu.zapa.nUa. Briq., and PkodoZUppZa Schau. — EuzapanUa divided again into 3 subsections: AxUZUU&ZoKaz Schau., PannUcuZaUaz Schau., and CoKymbo- Aaz Schau. Jafri , as late as in 1966, still gave "about 100" as the number of species in LUppUa , but his generic description clearly indicates that he was referring to the segregated genus PhyZa ("Usually creep¬ ing herbs"). Rzedowski (1978) tells us that in Mexico LUppUa grows in secon¬ dary lower woods along with such genera as A nnona, CcLAZanUa, CaA- tiZZa, CochZoApz'unum, ConoAtzgZa, Con.dUa, Cfioton, GZU'iUcUdUa, Gua- zuma, L Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. , ed. 1, 4 (3a): 152, nom. nud. 1895 = Lavandula itocckcu L., Lamiaccac. The Mejia £ Z anoni 6748, distributed as Lippia sp., actually is A loyAia ZooAeni Mold., while Bunlzant & at. 30593 is A loyiia 6cono- donioideu (h.b.k.) Cham. , l /entuni 7344 & 9 898 are Lantana aniitata var. anguUtifaolXa (Kuntze) Mold., Eliau 654 is Lantana camana var. mofuXzta.no. f. panvifiolia (Mold.) Lopez-Palacios, Pcnnctt 3589 is La.nXa.na. fiucaXa f. atbifilona Mold., LyonncX 1322 is LanXa.no. hinta Grah. , Potmen 55 1 is Lantana macnopoda Torr., Cook 124, Henb. I nit. Pkyiico-geogn. Nat. Coitanic. 16389, and Mitten l Gniicom 40 are Lantana maxima Hayek, PuApuA 5297, R oie, Painten, l R oi>t 9036, and Soit&a 4892 are Lantana mlcftr/ccphaia a. Rich., F ou.finie.fi 143 is Lan¬ tana pcdunculafiiA Anderss., Jokn&on 73 is Lantana tfiitfolia l. , Cook 62 is Lantana tfiifiolia f. kifiiuXa Mold., PaZmeA 28 and PcKfiy & Potmen. 7 09 are Lantana vetuXina Mart. & Gal., HinXngcn 17074 is a Hyptii> sp., and Hcningcn 16937, 16937a, & 17074, Heningcn, Ftlguet- ncu, Mendonca, & Pcnctna 6398, HdnXngcn, Paula, Mendonga, & Satlou 314, and Silva 273 are not verbenaceous. LIPPIA ABySSJNICA (Otto & Dietr.) Cuf. Additional & emended bibliography: Walp. , Repert. Bot. Syst. 4: 53, 55 — 56, & 69. 1845; Bocq. , Adansonia, ser. 1, 3: 244. 1863; Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 1, 4 (3a): 151 & 152, 1895; Wehmer, Pflanzenst. 2: 1022. 1931; Meikle in Brenan & al., Kew Bull. 17: 173—174. 1963; Mold., Phytologia 48: 155. 1981. Gilbert describes this plant as a 6-foot shrub, known as "kesho" in Ethiopia, and there found growing at the edges of shrubbery and "used in cleaning milk cans, giving a smoky flavor" to the milk. He found it in flower in December and mistakenly distributed his material as Lantana sp. Wehmer (1931) reports the herbage containing 0.753% of a vola¬ tile oil, of which carvon comprises 72%, d-limonol 5%, phellandrol 2.4%, and terpene 3.4%. As authority he cites Rovesti, Ann. Chim. Appl . 17: 553. 1927 ("C. C. 1928. 1.1105). Constanten! — de Bene- dictis 1926, ibid, cit." Additional citations: ETHIOPIA: E. F. GiJLbent 521 (Mi). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Burger, Fam. Flow. PI. 198, fig. 60. 1967 (Ld) . LIPPIA AFFIMIS Schau. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 156. 1981; Raj, Rev. Palaeobot. Palyn. 39: 350, 364, & 396. 1983. This plant has been found in flower in May and the corollas are said to have been "rose" in color on the collection cited below. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Gibb- 4, Abbott, & An- 1984 Moldenke, Notes on LLpp-La 359 c hade. 5235 (n) . LIPPIA ALBA (Mill.) n. e. Br. Additional synonymy: LanXana canMCZnA Clarke ex Hubert, Trav. Lab. Mat. Me'd. Fac. Pharm. 13: 42 in syn. 1921 [not LanXana canM- CCnA Benth., 1959, nor H.B.K., 1817, nor Kunth, 1825], La.nXa.na. LLppA.04.dM> Hook, ex Hubert, Trav. Lab. Mat. M^d. Fac. Pharm. 13: 42 in syn. 1921. Lipp-La aZba (Mill.) Britton & Wilson ex Mold., Phytologia 50: 262 in syn. 1982. LXppta aJLba (Mills) N. E. Br. ex Mold., Phytologia 50: 262 in syn. 1982. Additional & emended bibliography: Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. 2: 126. 1822; C. Muell. in Walp. , Ann. Bot. Syst. 5: 707. I860; Bocq., Adansonia, ser. 1, 3: [Rev. Verbenac. ; Baill., Rec. Obs. Bot.] 244 & 248. 1863; A. Gray, Synop. FI. N. Am., ed. 1, 2: 338 (1878) and ed. 2, 2: 338. 1886; F. Muell., Sec. Syst. Census Austral. Pi. 1: 171. 1889; F. M. Bailey, Cat. Indig. Nat. Pi. Queensl. 35. 1890; Lace & Hemsl., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 28: 318. 1891; Millsp. , Field Columb. Mus. Publ. Bot. 1: 317. 1896; F. M. Bailey, Queensl. FI. 4: 1172. 1901; Haines, For. FI. Chota Nagpur 488. 1910; Brandis, Indian Trees, imp. 3, 503. 1911; Wehmer, Pflanzenst. , ed. 1, 646. 1911; Hubert, Trav. Lab. Mat. Med. Fac. Pharm. 13: [Verb. Util. Mat. M^d. ] [31] & 42 — 44, pi. 3, fig. 5 & 6. 1921; E. D. Merr., Enum. Philip. Flow. PI. 3: 380. 1923; Ekman, Arkiv Bot. Stockh. 22 (A): 51. 1929; Pio Correa & Pena, Dice. PI. Uteis Bras. 2: 257. 1931; Wehmer, Pflanzenst., ed. 2, 1021. 1931; Kanjilal, Das, Kanjilal, & De, FI. Assam, imp. 1, 3: 461 & 552. 1939; Hundley & Ko in Lace, List Trees Shrubs Burma, ed. 3, 200. 1961; R. N. & I. C. Chopra & Varma, Suppl. Gloss. Indian Med. PI. 56. 1969; Pio Correa & Pena, Dice. Pi. Uteis Bras. 4: 40. 1969; Brandis, Indian Trees, imp. 5, 503. 1971; Bennet, FI. Howrah 309 — 310. 1976; Bodley, Lab. Anthrop. Wash. St. Univ. Rep. Invest. 55: 20, 30, 31, 40, 41, 49, 50, 54, & 55. 1978; Angely, S. Amer. Bot. Bibl. 2: 678. 1980; J. T. & R. Kartesz, Syn. Checklist Vase. FI. 2: 467. 1980; F. C. Seymour, Phytol. Mem. 1: 244. 1980; Medeiros, An, Congres. Nac. Bot. 32: 276. 1981; Mold., Phytologia 48: 155—158. 1981; Varma, FI. Bhagal- pur Dicot. 307. 1981; L. 0. Williams, Ceiba 24: 332. 1981; D. S. & H. B. Correll, FI. Bahama Arch. 1234 — 1236, fig. 531. 1982; Kanji¬ lal, Das, Kanjilal, & De, FI. Assam, imp. 2, 461 & 552. 1982; Lio- gier & Martorell, FI. Puerto Rico 153 & 323. 1982; Lopez-Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Andes 22: 20 & 51. 1982; Mold., Phytolo¬ gia 50: 243, 247, 250, 262, & 469 (1982) and 52: 114—119. 1982; Reis & Lipp, New Pi. Sources Drugs 252. 1982; Knobloch, Phytol. Mem. 6: 89. 1983; Mold., Phytologia 54: 233, 235, 236, & 240. 1983; H. N. & A. L. Mold, in Dassan. & Fosb. , Rev. Handb. FI. Ceyl. 4: 219. 1983; Raj, Rev. Palaeobot. Palyn. 39: 350, 364, & 383. 1983. Additional illustrations: Hubert, Trav. Lab. Mat. Med. Ph.arm. 13: [31], pi. 3, fig. 5 & 6. 1921; D. S. & H. B. Correll, FI. Bahama Arch. 1235, fig. 531. 1982. The LanXana canMcenS accredited to Kunth and to H.B.K. in the synonymy (above) apply to a valid species of LanXana, L. canMCtni H.B.K. , while the homonym accredited to Bentham belongs in the 360 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 5 synonymy of Li.ppi.0L te.pi.cana Mold. Recent collectors describe this plant as a highly aromatic low shrub or spreading subshrub, 1 — 2 m. tall, the branches few, long, slender, procumbent to trailing, sprawling, or arching, to 2 m. long, rooting at the tips, the leaves fragrant, with a lemon or caraway scent when crushed, rugose and pale-green above, gray-green beneath, the floral bracts pale grayish-green, and the flowers odorous. They have encountered it on savannas and saline plains, in dry or swampy places, in sandy soil, in dry or grassy thickets, along disturbed roadsides, in low ground and weedy fields,, on steep exposed or sandy riverbanks and ledges, along railroad embank¬ ments, at the edge of gallery forests, in mezguital, subtropical matorral and acahual, in fields of cultivated cucurbits, and on heavily wooded pine and oak slopes, from sealevel to 2200 m. alti¬ tude, in anthesis from January to April and June to November, and in fruit from January to March, as well as in June, August, Septem¬ ber, and November. Wedster & Wilbur found it in "weedy areas at edge of palm grove with Sabal texana, CeltiA , lanthoxylum, Toufme.- fiofitia voLub-dU-i) , etc. on raised ground above level of cotton fields" in Texas. In Ecuador Dodson refers to the species as "com¬ mon low plants in marshy areas along highways". Davidse & Gonzalez found it "very common" in Venezuela and Runyon reports it "common" in the Rio Grande valley of Texas. Lott & Hernandez found it in¬ habiting the selva mediana subperennifolia zone in Mexico, where it grows along with such genera as V icuA , Coccoloba, Cynometfia, and Couepia. litis & Doebley found it growing with Zea mayi ssp. mexi- cana in Mexico. The corollas are described as having been "white" on HaKfii 6 11737 and M axon & Kittip 1636, "lavender and white" on GiJlly & He.fiM.nde. z 253, "lilac-white" on ViXtie.fi 25 63, "lavender" on Leonard S515, "pale-lavender" on Mufifiy 428, "lavender with a yellow eye" on Lundeli. 10644, "pale-lavender with a central purple or brown spot" on Uebitefi & (uilbun. 3023, "lilac" on Bfiigada 369, Calzada & Hafiquez R. 4487, Hafifiii 11911, Lott & Hernandez M. 1471, Maciel & Cofideifio 14 5, and Souza Nuncio 268, "light-lilac" on Bunting & Antiteguieta 6068, "lilac with a yellow center" on Vavid&e i Gonzalez 13941 & 14071, "lilac with an orange throat" on HafJLey 23020, "violet with a yellow throat" on JijruLnez 1173, "violet" on Vavidton & Mafi- tXnelli CP. 10689, "pale-violet" on CkXang 266, "purple" on l\aKtX.nez Caidefidn 1924, Steven 6 19992, and WfuLght 3159, "pale-purple" on Standtey & OaJLefiio 4669 7, "rose" on Cct6on & Vodton 1 1229, Vefifiii 5927, Hafit 1215, Hinton 12844, Uexia 819, Solomon 6136, and Staudt 30010. The Corrells (1982) describe them as "violet, pink, or white"; Mill- spaugh says (1896) "white with a yellow throat", while Pio Correa & Pena (1931) say "flores insignif icantes, brancas". Vernacular names recently reported are: basula, bush lippia, cidraero, daru haini ba, juanilana, lopong-brik, mastranso, mastrante, mastranto, mastranza, mastranzo, mostran, naga-aieri, orega, oregano, orozuz, pampa-oregana, pan poregano, pichae-lakri, pichas-bon, poley, salvia siga, sideraera, sonora lila, te de playa, wild mint. 1984 Moldenke, Notes on Lippia 361 and wild sage. Liogier & Martorell (1982) assert that in Puerto Rico the spe¬ cies occurs in thickets at lower elevations, giving its extra- limital distribution as the West Indies, Texas, and Mexico to Ar¬ gentina. Ekman (1929) asserts that it is cultivated and escaped throughout Haiti, citing his no. 9 SOS. Lace & Hemsley (1891) list it from Baluchistan. Merrill (1923) excludes it from the flora of the Philippine Islands. Haines (1910) lists it from Chota Nagpur, but comments that "It is an erect shrub 'so closely resembling Lan- tana incUca that without fruit it is difficult to distinguish.'"; he describes the branches and leaves as softly strigose., the leaves ovate-oblong and crenate, the peduncles mostly opposite, and the bracts ovate, acuminate, and softly hairy. The Corrells (1982) report that in the Bahamas it occurs in thickets, coppices, and gravelly waste places, flowering from March to October. Kanjilal and his associates (1939) lists the species from Assam, where, he says, the leaves are used as a vegetable and it flowers "nearly all the year round", though mostly in bloom in February and March. Varma (1981) describes the corollas as "pinkish-purple" and avers that in Bhagalpur it is "Abundant in the district along the river Ganges where it grows in association with TamCLtvLx. (ti.04.CCL Roxb. and SCLCchcLKum Apontancuum Linn. Also found in marshy lands and wet situations. The characteristic lemon scent is an important field cha.-facter- A tropical American species that was introduced into Bengal in 1872--97. Since then it has migrated towards the west and became common in Bihar by 1921 — 25." He also reports that it flowers and fruits there throughout the year, citing VcLKma. 322 & 14S0. Millspaugh (1896) cites MiZiApaugh. 47 S , 503, & S30 and PfUngZc 21 5 & 960 from Yucatan. Bex reports that in Antigua the species is "very rare in the driest parts of the limestone region". It should be noted that the Murry collection, cited below, ex¬ hibits the sharply pointed leaf-blade apices just as are present in the type collection. The BuKgot 1423, Paul. 25, and ShaficK 242S collection, cited below, exhibit leaves somewhat larger than usual for the typical form of this species (although not sufficiently large to justify their inclusion in f. ZntCKmcdia Mold.); in lU.ogi.CK & Li.ogi.CK and TouinACnd. S 5 only some of the leaves are larger than normal; in HanAOn 434 they definitely approach those of f. Zn~ tCKmcdUa. BKufifi 140S and H&KKUa 1 1737 are definitely anomalous collections; the unnumbered Levy collection bears striking habital resemblance to L. gKavCoZcnA f. macAOphyZla Mold., while the mater¬ ial grown from the seed of TcppnCK SI 1 453, grown at Graz, seems to represent L. aJZba f. ZntCKmcdUa . Ftfrreyra reports that in Peru lUppia aZba is considered medicin¬ al; Lc4pez-Palacios (1982) asserts that in Venezuela it is used in the treatment of asthma; Standley and Souza Novelo state that an infusion of the leaves is used in Central America as a stomachic; Ruano reports its use as a sudorific. Reis & Lipp (1982) aver that in Guatemala it is "Reputed to be effective in treating coughs" and in Puerto Rico the "Natives believe this plant to be medicinal, it is used by them in baths." Williams (1981) states that "An in- 362 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 5 fusion of the leaves is used as a remedy for internal or respiratory ailments. Sometimes planted as an ornamental." Chopra & Varma (1969) tell us that "The strongly aromatic plant is used as a sage in cookery. The leaves, which are used as vegetable in Khasi Hills, are considered stomachic and nervine in some parts of Brazil and Paraguay." The leaves, on distillation, yield an essential oil containing 50% of the ketone lippione. They assert that the plant is found "in wet situations and muddy river banks from Bihar to As¬ sam, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Nilgiris and Anaimalais up to 900 m. " Pio Correa & Pena (1931, 1969) give the following synonymy for this species, adopting Lippia aApeAX^otia Rich, as its accepted name in their 1931 work and Lippia ge/niywXa H.B.K. in their 1969 work: Lantana tavandutacea. willd., Lippia ica.bn.a Hochst., (le.nbe.YWL gtobi^tona l ' Her. , Z apanta gtobifitona Poir., Za.pa.nia. ta.nta.noid.eA Lam., Za.pa.nia. odonata Pers., Za.pa.Yiia. odonatiAAima Scop., La.yita.YWL lippioideA Hook., LanXaywL mottxAAima Desf., LaYita.no. odonata weigelt, Lippia atba Gardn., Lippia citnata Cham., Lippia layvtanoideA [Coult.], and Lippia tippioideA Hook. & Arn. Obviously they have here combined as one species the American Lippia atba and the Afri¬ can L. javayiica (Burm. f.) Spreng. They list as vernacular names for the American element, alecrim do campo, cidrila, cidrc5, oregano, oroquez morada, salsa brava, salva salva brava, salva limcfo, and salvia. They speak of its medicinal properties: "Planta medicinal, antispasm<5dica, estomAquica e emenagoga, sucedanea da Satvia, e da WeJiiAAa 0 ^ictyWLtiA em quase todo o nosso pais. Contem saponina e nas folhas frescas urn oleo essencial. — Esta planta tern a pro- priedade de produzir raizes nos galhos, quando estes tocam no solo." Because of the question in at least some quarters as to the ac¬ tual valid application of the specific name here adopted for this taxon, it seems worthwhile to quote here Miller's original (1768) description: "LANTANA (Atba) caule inermi, foliis ovatis serratis, floribus capitatis alaribus sessilibus. Lantana with a smooth stalk, oval sawed leaves, and flowers growing in heads proceeding from the wings of the leaves, sitting close to the stalks. Ca.ma.4a fiotiiA anticae, fitontbuA minonibuA atbiA , ex atiA tfotionum pnode.un- tibuA . Houst. Camara with a Nettle leaf, and smaller white flowers proceeding from the wings of the leaves. The eighth sort was sent me by the late Dr. Houstoun, from Campeachy; this hath a slender shrubby stalk which rises three or four feet high, dividing into many slender, smooth, square branches, which are garnished with small, oval, sawed leaves placed opposite; from the wings of the stalks, at every joint, come out the flowers; they are small, white, and are collected in close heads; these come out by pairs, and sit close to the branches. This flowers at the same time with the former. " The corollas are described as having been "rose" on Hage 244 and Sitva 4858, "lilac" on l /ineetti 830, and "purple" on Ste.ve.YlA 12390, while Lobo and his associates describe the "inflorescence" as "lilac" and encountered the plant in "capoeira de terra firme". Davidse & Gonzalez report the "corolla-lobes lilac, throat yellow, area between white". Hage records the vernacular name, "cidreira- 1984 Moldenke, Notes on LZppZa 363 melissa", while Rose & Vilar report merely "cidreira". Much of the material cited by me under this species in previous installments of these notes should be re-examined in view of the more recently described infraspecific taxa. It is also very probable that what has hitherto passed as LZppZa fiOndonenAZA Mold, may actually represent a variety or form of LZppZa aZba. Material of typical L. aZba has been misidentif ied and distribu¬ ted in some herbaria as LZppZa bentandZeAZ Schau., LaYitana ZnvoZu- cnata L., La.nta.na. macnopoda Torr., La.nta.na. necta Ait., La.nta.na. tnZ- fiolZa L. , Lanta.no. sp. , and Phyla. AtoeehadZ^olZa (L.) Small. On the other hand, the RenvoZze 3283 & 3656, distributed as typical LZppZa alba, actually represents its var. gZobZ^Zofia (L'Her.) Mold., while VavZdAe & GonzaZez 137 79, VuAA 4552 4765, Leonand & Le.ona.fid 15470, LZogZen. & LZogZe.fi 27590, and Pnance & aZ. 16311 are f. Znte.fime.dZa Mold., OAtenfieZd 30 is LZppZa amenZeana l., Bake.fi 660, Cate. & aZ. 159, ChaveA 55, GafinZeA 1069, Holway 617, M axon, Hanvey, & OaZe.ntx.ne. 7446, PZttZe.fi 1941, and OJfiZght 6.n. [Nicaragua] are L. candZoAtegZa Benth., Gonzdtez-Medfiano 9041, Hanion 614 & 709, JohnAton 2766, Medfiano 1019, and PnZngZe 215 are L. gfiave.oZe.nA H.B.K., Boege 616 and MZfianda 677 are L. oaxacana Robinson & Greenm. , Cook 106 & 107 are Lantana Znvolucfiata var. odofiata (l.) Mold., Cofiy 51332, Gentfiy & Engafid 23227, and GonzdZe.z-Medn.ano 9040 are Lantana macfiopoda Torr., Hanion 346 is Lantana macnopoda f. panvuZa Mold., Gaumen. 478, Gold 529, GonzaZez-Mednano i aZ. 1789, 9858, & 9 863, HZnZant t oil. 102, and M ednano & aZ. 8969 & 9642 are Lantana mZcn.0 cephaZa a. Rich., Ontega 4136 is Lantana notha Mold., and Gaumen. 830 and GonzaZez-Medfiano & aZ. 1781 are Lantana veZutZna Mart. & Gal. Additional citations: TEXAS: Cameron Co.: J. M. CouZten. 113/364 in part (W— 81918) ; G. L. PtAhen. 352 (W— 1224999), 41011 (W— 1825517) Hanion 434 (w— 982796) ; C. L. LundeZZ 10644 (w— 1926927) ; R. Runyon 228 (W— 1114276), 898 (W— 1287408) ; ShZZZen 425 (W— 1812066) ; Thafip 184 7 (W— 1203137); Touiniend 85 (w— 279236) ; DJebiten. 8 UdZZbun 3023 (W — 2067828). Montague Co.: Havand A.n. [Havana Ranch, Sept. '84] (W — 155943). Wharton Co.: J. K. SmalZ A.n. [April 12, 1925] (W — 1739015). MEXICO: Campeche: HouAtoun A.n. [Bailey Hort. neg. 5057] (Ba — photo of type, Ld — photo of type. Mi — photo of type, W — photo of type). Chiapas: M atuda 5213 (Me— 86180), 16645 (Me— 86178) , 17502 (Me — 86179); Ton 2506 (Me — 141195). Guerrero: Boege 882 (Me — 96103). Jalisco: Vuncan 2556 (Mi); Lott & Hen.yia.ndez M. 1471 (Ld) ; E. W. NeZion 4142 (w— 203180) ; Edui. Potmen. 33 (w— 81847) , 33/686 (w — 81845); PnZngZe 1 1085 (w — 400469); Puga i. Can.vajaZ H. 9963 (Me — 254175) ; R OAe & Hough 4798 (W — 346795) . Michoacan: HZnton 12844 (Me— 100235); IltZi & VoebZey 186 (N) ; LangZaAAe 168 (w— 385760). Nayarit: EennZA 5927 (W— 1491689) ; M exZa 819 (W— 1317834) . San Luis Potosi: Cfiutch^ZeZd & JohnAton 5135 (Me — 59087). Sinaloa: Ontega 5650 (w— 1208681) RoAe 1862 (w— 300745) ; RoAe, StandZey, i RuAAeZZ 14124 (w — 636985). Tabasco: GZZZy i Hen.nd.ndez 253 (Me — 76537). Tamaulipas: B entandZen. 2304 (w — 1169437); R. M. KZng 4035 (W— 2364824); M ednano 548 (Me— 127776) ; PnZngZe 1960 (w— 155944); VZeneck 1110 (w — 1687554). Veracruz: B nZgada \7eg. Acuat. 369 (Me — 204308); CoZzoda i Manquez R. 4487 ie.yfia 20003 (W — 2977605). Lambay- eque: LZateA Q. 543 (Ld) . Pasco: TcppneA 81 / 226 (Ld) , 8Z/453 (Ld) . brazil: Ar.apa: A u6tin, Nauman, R abeJLo , R o6dKio , £ Santo6 7381 (n# W — 2937864). Amazonas: F. J. Hehmann 11282 (W — 2592959). Bahia: Hage. 244 (Ld) ,- Hafile.y, BfiomZey, CafivaZho, NuneA , Hagc, £ Santo6 in HaAZe.y 23020 (w — 2965504) . Goias: SiZva 4858 (N ) . Maranhao: R 06a £ V-iZxVi 2964 (N) . Matto Grosso: lAZzoguchi 346 [Herb. Oomoto Kam. Bot. Gard. 14585] (E— 2978850) . ParA: A ficheA 8266 (W— 2592876) ; VavidAon £ WaKtineZti CV. 10689 (Ld, N, w — 2986371); Lobo, VZJ.ke.na, £ Ribetfio 158 (n) ; M acieZ £ CoKdeiAo 145 (n) . Bolivia: ei Beni: H. H. Rt lAby 916 (w— 1934994) ; SoZomon 6136 (Ld) . Paraguay: Ca6aA £ Molesio FC.4419 (E — 2978895. N) ; Schinini £ BofidjaA 16503 (N) . ARGENTINA: Corrientes: C>ii6tobaZ, I (fiapovickoA , GonzdZ&z, £ TfieA6e.n6 1480 (Mi, ws). Misiones: Cabfie,fia, Botta, KieAling, R otman. Tun., £ ZuZoaga 28645 (N) . Soto island: R&nvoizc, WiZmot-VeM.fi, £ Tun. 3656 (N) . CULTIVATED: Canal Zone: StMndZey 30010 (W— 1219019) . Domini¬ can Republic: Ekman H. 15802 (w — 1555140). Haiti: E. C. Lzonand 8515 (W — 1149982). Nicaragua: W. V. Stcve.ni 19992 (Ld) . Panama: HeAibeAtO 73 (W— 1084294) ; StandZe.y 30528 (W— 1219348) . Peru: Tn.eM.cy £ A Zconn 410(F — 1925498). [to be continued] Use Of Picloram To Obtain ROOTkill Of Unwanted Woody Plants, In Practicable Rightofway Vegetation Management, 1983*. Frank E. Egler and John P. Anderson, Jr. Aton Forest, Norfolk, Conn. 06058, U.S.A. In 1983, the use of picloram was continued. Dow's Tordon RTU was used, containing 5.4% picloram (triisopropanolamine salt of 4-ami no-3-5-6 trichloropicol inic acid, with 20.9% of a comparable salt of 2,4-D) diluted with equal parts of water. Picloram is said to "translocate" within the plant. The mixture was specifi¬ cally applied to 55,667 stubs of the same 97 species of woody plants (including a few critical herbaceous species) as in 1982, occuring on 25 acres researched since 1925, and used since 1946 for the development of relatively stable (i.e. non-successional ) shrubby and herbaceous plant-communities, within a beech-birch- maple-hemlock Vegetation Zone. The technique of application is completely stub-specific, with woody stubs up to 8 cm. in diameter. (Low stumps of larger trees are known to be rootkilled by picloram application). Stubs 2-10 cm. in dm. are sawed with a small folding saw. Stubs under 2 cm. (often bent over by step¬ ping on them) are cut with an anvil-blade pruning shears held in the right hand, and sprayed with a 1^ pint or a >2 pint plastic garden sprayer, held in the other hand. The saw is also used to chafe the bark, and expose the cambium close to the ground, with downward strokes. A small hatchet is sometimes used for "cups" or "frills", and the injuries are then sprayed. Approximately four gallons of Tordon RTU were used, now selling at $28.16 a gallon. It took 242 hours actually to spray the 55,667 stubs. Trees and shrubs are cut at varying heights, and varying percent¬ ages of the branches and shrub-stems were cut to seek economically the most efficient technique for root-killing. No attempt was made - considering the highly varying state of nature itself - to quantify categorized data for mathematical operations. Such methodologies are inappropriate. By the end of 1983, the follow¬ ing operations can be made, verifying and supplementing those made in 1982. In general, for all species, picloram is a more efficient root-killer than the older chlorophenoxies 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T. As with the chlorophenoxies, by far the major part of the trans¬ location is UP (conspicuously killing the top foliage, which then often adheres to the top branches in early winter, and is called "kill" by many engineers, "control" by other engineers). *The authors acknowledge the financial assistance of the Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, Cal. 94303, which assistance allowed the continuation of this long-term project. 365 366 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 5 Tordon INEFFICIENTLY moves DOWN, to kill the roots , which is the objective of the honest Vegetation Manager. Picloram does pass readily thru the roots on some clonal species (on its way UP to adjacent stems) such as Bristly Locust and Trembling Aspen, killing ramets up to 2 m. distant. Tordon does not seem to move thru the roots of beech, when sucker-stubs are treated. The terms "control" and "kill" are not used, tho they are popular in the commercial literature. "Control" is the commercial term for a temporary reduction in the population of a weed species. "Kill" inadvertantly refers to visible top-kill, a cosmetic effect, which if it is the only effect, is considered a failure in this study. No data are presented for "per acre averages". As in all such non-indiscriminate species-oriented operations, the extraordinary variability in the abundance of each species in plant-communities make per-acre data irrelevant. Inevitably, some spray gets onto the ground, some of which then washes into the soil. If there is movement of the soil solu¬ tion down slope, picloram is apparently picked UP by other plants, even 15 m. away, with highly injurious results to those plants, i.e. treatment must not be near desirable shrubs and herbs. How¬ ever, most of these plants recover after 2 years. In general, cutting higher stubs (waist high to head high) and the cutting of a small percentage of several ground-arising stems from one shrub or tree clump does not lead to effective rootkilling. This treatment was emphasized in 1982, but re-sprouting (tho with small and distorted growth) was considered undesirable. Saw-scraping near the ground on 5-7 m. high saplings and picloram treatment produces a quick and most conspicuous leaf-kill. Leaves begin to drop or turn color by two days to two weeks, but resprouting the next year, from the base, indicates the frequent fail ure to rootki 1 1 . When resprouting occurs in a second year, it is probable that the plant will recover in a third or fourth year. Even shrubs severely damaged after accidental contamination may send out new and apparently healthy shoots at various heights among the branches in a later year. (There is no field evidence yet, that picloram is released from decaying roots, causing delayed damaging effects.) There is NO evidence that any individual woody plants develop an immunity or resistance to picloram, allowing them to become more abundant in the future. Any resurgence is simply due to the origi¬ nal failure to rootki 11 . Mice and deer may then "control" these shoots, depending on the abundance of the animals. The apparent 1984 Egler & Anderson, Use of Picloram 367 increase of such plants as oaks, ashes and maples on transmission lines is simply the iatrogenic effect of a quarter-century of never rootkilling these plants, together with additional invasion of such woody plants in the bare spots left by killing the non-target plant species. The bulk of the unwanted woody plants in the research areas of A.F. are "old" plants, there for 5-50 years or more, unkilled by past chemical treatments, and variably controlled by herbivores. Successful new invasion of trees and shrubs into herbland is a variable and unpredictable complex phenomenon, occurring at inter¬ vals of decades. There is essentially no invasion into pure stands of most shrubs and ferns, and a few herbs. Heaviest new invasion of unwanted woody plants is clearly at the sides of the fields, within 15 m. of the forest edge, and de¬ pendent even there on the coincidence of seed trees in that edge. On the other hand, if. the 15-m.-wide edge is dominated by certain pure low stands of such as Hayscented Fern, Low Juniper, Rough¬ stemmed Goldenrod, there is no such invasion, even if clearly in the seed-fall shadow and leaf-fall shadow of large trees. (These plants are often destroyed by unreasonable R/W management practices. ) The trees most easily root-killed, even by stubbing at heights of lh to 2m., are the Birches, White, Gray, Yellow and Black. Red Maple, the most abundant single species in these tests, and Red Oak, are usually rootkilled if all stubs are cut and treated with¬ in 15 cm. of the ground. White Ash, with its massive taD root, should be treated close to where the "root collar" is, but since a seedling-stem is often flattened by falling grass in autumn ( to grow upward from the tip, leaving a horizontal stem section up to 30 cm. long, itself developing adventitious roots), effective stub- application is a problem. It may be wise to ring and rootkill the fruiting large ash from which the seedlings came. The search for a yet cheaper and more efficient mode of chemically rootkilling unwanted woody plants in R/Ws continues, even while the undesirability of indiscriminate blanket herbicidal spraying - killing many highly desirable non-target species - becomes more and more obvious. The "end-product" of this technique of rootkilling of unwanted woody plants that had invaded long ago, leaving relatively stable permissible plant-communities, has been essentially accomplished at Aton Forest. This research was begun in 1946. The scientific description of such stable Vegetation types will take increasing precedence in future botanical research reports. OBSERVATIONS OF THE GENUS GYNOXYS IN ECUADOR ( SENEC IONEAE : ASTERACEAE). Harold Robinson and Jose Cuatrecasas Department of Botany National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. A large series of Gynoxys specimens collected in Ecuador have recently been received for study from the Botanical Institute, University of Aarhus, and both recognition of new species and refined concepts of older species have resulted. Three species are considered in the present paper, two newly described and one, G_^ a c o s t a e Cuatr. recognized from many additional specimens. Previous collections have been noted of all three species, collections that have often been m i s i de n t i f ie d in the past. Gynoxys a c o s t ae Cuatrecasas, Feddes Repert. 55: 1 29. 1 953 . The species has been recognized previously only from the type specimen, Ecuador: Tunguragua: reg. interandina, Sec. Alta de Pasa, 3 500 m alt. Oct. 28, 1944. Acosta Solis 8738 (Holotype, F). Various of the specimens recognized below as this species have been determined previously under the names f u 1 ig i- n o s a (H.B.K.) Cass., G. baccharoides (H.B.K.) Cass., G. buxifolia (H.B.K.) Cass., G_^ ha 1 1 i i Hieron., and G. cuicohens is Cuatr. It is of interest that Hieron¬ ymus (1895) under his description of stuebelii, a related species with more cordate leaf bases from Mt. Pichincha in the western range of the Andes, listed as a possible representative of his species a speci¬ men from Mt. Cayambe (Steubel coll, ecuad. n. 114) that is probably the present species. The present species seems to be restricted to the eastern range of the Andes in nor t h- c e nt r a 1 Ecuador where it seems particularly common along the amazonian side. The specimens seen in this study are as follows: Ecuador: eastern cordillera, 3000-3400 m. May 1930. Rimbach 16919 (US); Napo: Llanganati. Paramo SE of Chosa Aucacocha, between Aucacocha and Pan de Azucar, alt. 3800-3900 m. flllgaard, Holm-Nielsen, Larsen. Kv i s t . Jensen W ium-Ande r s on 3846 5 (AAU); Llanganati. North facing slope towards the Rio Golpe, just north of Chosa Aucacocha, alt. 3600 m. 01 lgaard e t a 1 . 38708 (AAU) ; Llanganati. Ridge between Pan de Azucar and Las Torres de Llanganati, alt. 4050 m. 01 lgaard e t a 1 . 38580 (AAU); Paramo de Soguillas, near Las 368 1984 Robinson & Cuatrecasas, The genus Gynoxyi 369 Torres de Llanganat i, alt. 3850-4000 m. flllgaard 6^ Holm-Nielsen 3 8 7 1 7 (AAU); Pichincha: Vole an Cayambe, above 4000 m. Little ^ Paredes 6839 (US); Mt. Cayam¬ be, alt. 13,300-13,833 ft., Lillie 6 8.19 (US); P i ch in c ha / Na po : Volcan Cayambe, N slopes, alt. 37 50- 3850 m. t 1 lgaard , Brandbyge , Roth 1 Sperling 34227 . 34230 (AAU, US); Tungurahua: Paramo of Minza Chica, elev. 3800 m. Pe n 1 and 1 Summers 304 (US). Gynoxys m u 1 1 i b r a c t e i f e r a H. Robinson & J. Cuatrecasas, s p . nov . Plantae fruticosae 2-3 m altae mediocriter ramosae. Caules s u bhe xagona 1 e s inferne teretes dis- tincte striati dense cinereo-farinosi vel minute f 1 av o- 1 a na t o- 1 om e n t o s i. Folia opposita, petiolis 10- 10 mm longis subcarnosis distincte striati; laminae coriaceae o b 1 ong o- ov a t a e 4. 5-9. 5 cm longae et 1. 2-3.0 cm latae base abrupte late rotundatae margine integ- rae anguste reflexae apice breviter acutae supra in nervis primariis anguste distincte pallide lanugin- osae aliter glabrae leniter reticulo-exsculptae sub- tus dense pallide lanuginosae, nervis primariis valde pr om i ne n t i bu s recte percurrent ibus , nervis secund- ariis pinnatis basilariter regularibus saepe distal- iter dichotomis utrinque 11-17, nervulis non vel vix prominulis. I nf 1 or e s c e n t i a e in ramis terminales late corymbosae, pedicellis 2-18 mm longis saepe lineari- br a c t e i f er i s . Capitula 12-14 mm alta et 7-9 mm lata; bracteae calyculi et subinvolucri lineares 6-7 mm longae et ca. 0.5 mm latae; bracteae involucri 8 late oblongae ca. 7 mm longae et 2-3 mm latae apice obtu- sae vel breviter acutae superne tenuiter scariosae ad medio 1 ong i t u d ina 1 i t e r anguste carinatae extus sub- sparse f u 1 vo- 1 anug i ne o- t om ent o s ae inferne densiores. Flores radii 8 in capitulo; corollae flavae glabrae, tubo ca. 4.5 mm longo, limbo elliptico 7 mm longo et ca. 3 mm lato. Flores disci 9-16 in capitulo; corol¬ lae flavae 7-8 mm longae glabrae, tubo 2. 5-3.0 mm longo, fauce subabrupte longe campanulata 2. 5-3.0 longo; lobis lanceolatis ca. 1.5 mm longis et 0.7 mm latis; filamenta in partibus superioribus ca. 0.5 mm longa; thecae ca. 1.8 mm longae base ad 0.25 mm caudatae; appendices antherarum anguste ovatae ca. 0.75 mm longae et 0.32 mm latae; rami stylorum apice acuti et penicillato- attenuati. Achaenia ca. 3.5- 3.7 mm longa 10-costata base leniter angustiora non abrupte constricta; carpopodia annuliformia ca. 0.4 mm lata et 0.07 mm alta, cellulis 4-5-seriatis in parietibus valde incrassatis in marginibus superior¬ ibus non prom inent ibu s ; setae pappi albi ca. 75 plerumque 6-7 mm longae apice distincte latiores 370 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 5 valdius scabridae. Grana pollinis in diametro ca. 65 um . TYPE: ECUADOR: Azuay: Ridge between El Pan and Guachapala; 7500-9800 ft. elev. Shrub 2 m. Leaves leathery; deep green, nitid above; pale pubescent below. Ray and disc flowers yellow. Sept. 4, 1945. W. H. Camp E-5244 (Holotype, US). PARATYPE: ECUADOR: Azuay: Via Gu a 1 a c e o -Cu 1 e b r i 1 1 a s -L im on. Colecciones en paramo, borde del carretero y bosque, suelo humi- fero, area humeda. Altitud entre 3 26 1 a 3444 m. Arbusto de 3 m en borde del carretero, enves de las hojas cafes, capitulos amarillos. 2 Nov. 1 97 9 . J . Jaramillo F\ Coe 1 lo 143 9 (AAU). The type of the new species was previously determined as Gynoxys baccharo ides H.B.K. to which it seems closely related. The two species and G. r e ina Id i Cuatr. seem to form a natural group of three species all having linear s u b i nv o 1 u c r a 1 bracts, scar¬ cely enlarged tips of the pappus setae and broadly scarious apical margins of the involucral bracts. All three species also seem to occur in the area of Azuay according to the citations on recent collec¬ tions and the collection date given by Humboldt, Bonpland and Kunth (1818) for G^_ baccharoides. The three species differ from each other by the density of the pubescence on the involucre, none in G. reinaldi. very dense in G_^ baccharoides and of inter¬ mediate density in G^ multibracteifera. The new species has the linear subinvolucral bracts much more numerous and longer than those of G^ baccharoides. The tomentum is thicker on the undersurfaces of the leaves in G^_ baccharoides as well as on the involuc¬ ral bracts, obscuring the secondary veins. Gynoxys multibracteifera is close to the peruvian G^_ nit ida Muschl., but differs by the larger heads, longer peduncles with a greater number of linear bracteoles, and the compact indument on the branchlets and aba- xial sides of the leaves. In addition, the type of G. nit ida has broad, elliptic ray corollas that are deeply 3-lobed. Gynoxys regis H. Robinson & J. Cuatrecasas, sp. no v . Plantae frutescentes vel ar bo r e s c e nt e s 7-4 m altae mediocriter ramosae. Caules subhexagona 1 e s dense f 1 av o- ve 1 u t i n i. Folia opposita, petiolis 7-13 mm longis distincte striatis trans nodos anguste contiguis; laminae oblongae in foliis primariis 12-15 cm longae et 4. 7-5.0 cm latae in foliis secundariis plerumque 4-6 cm longae et 1. 2-2.0 cm latae base abrupte late vel anguste rotundatae margine integrae 1984 Robinson & Cuatrecasas, The genus Gynoxyi 371 vel in foliis majoribus remote reflexe mucronato- denticulatae apice breviter acutae supra glabra in nervis et nervulis r e t i c u 1 a t o- exs cu 1 p t a e subtus dense flavide tomentosae, nervis primariis prominentibus valde et recte percurrentibus, nervis secundariis pinnatis fere ad marginem sensim i r r e gu 1 a r i t e r flexis vel ramosis utrinque ca. 8-10, nervulis prom inul is. I nf 1 or e s c e n t ia e in ramis terminales pyramidato-thyr- soideae in ramulis interdum breviter racemosae termi- naliter corymbosae, pedicellis 1-5 mm longis dense pallide velutinis. Capitula 9-10 mm alta et 5-7 mm lata; bracteae calyculi et subinvolucri minute trian¬ gulares ca. 1.5 mm longae et 1 mm latae; bracteae involucri 8 valvatae 5-7 mm longae exteriores 1.0-1. 5 mm latae interiores in marginis scariosis ad 2 mm latae apice obtuse vel breviter acutae extus in medio valde prominentes dense pallide velutinae. Flores 7- 10 in capitulo disciformi; corollae flavae 7. 5-8.0 mm longae glabrae, tubo 3-4 mm longo, fauce abrupte campanulata ca. 2 mm longo, lobis anguste oblongis vel s ub 1 ine a r i bu s 2-3 mm longis et ca, 0.7 mm latis; filamenta in partibus superioribus ca. 0.6 mm longa; thecae antherarum ca. 2 mm longae base ad 0.4 mm caudatae; appendices antherarum anguste ovatae 0.4- 0.6 mm longae et 0.20-0.25 mm latae; rami stylorum apice rotundati truncati pa p i 1 1 a t o- f im br ia t i ad medio penicillate pilosi. Achaenia ca. 2.7 mm longa 10- costata base leniter angustiora non abrupte con- stricta; carpopodia breviter cylindrica. 0.45 mm lata et 0.15 mm alta, cellulis ca. 6-seriatis in pariet- ibus valde incrassatis in marginibus superioribus non prominentibus; setae pappi albae ca. 60-95 plerumque ad 6-7 mm longae apice vix latiores, scabris apical- ibus leniter densioribus. Grana pollinis in diametro c a . 6 2 pm, TYPE: ECUADOR: Azuay: 30 km S of Cumbe on the road to Saraguro at an elevation of 9800 ft. Shrub 2 m tall. Florets yellow. 26 Jan. 1979. R_;_ IK Kj. n_& k F\ Almeda 7804 (Holotype, US). PARATYPE: ECUADOR: Loja: Carretero S a r agur o- Ten t a , colecciones en borde del carretero, bosque secundario, campo abierto, pajonal y cienegas, suelo con terreno humlfero y rojo. Altitud entre 2500 a 2800 m. Arbusto de 4 m en borde del carretero, env'es de las hojas cafe claro, capltulos color amarillo. 16 Sept. 1980. J . Jaramillo 3827 (AAU). The new species is particularly notable for the heads without ray flowers, the narrow and long corolla lobes, and the tips of the style branches that are rounded to truncate with only a penicillate central projection of hairs. The tip of the style in 372 PHYTOLOGIA Vol . 56, No. 5 Gynoxys is usually acute, but scattered members of the genus such as the new species as G^. vargas iana Cabrera and G^ (Scrobicaria) ilicifolia. have trun¬ cate styles. Most other rayless species in Ecuador tend to have involucral bracts glabrous on the outer surf ace . Hieronymus, G. 1895-1896. Plantae Stuebelianae novae. Botanischer Jahrbtlcher f(lr Systematik, Pf 1 anz e nge s ch i c h t e und Pf lanzengeographie. 21: 306-378 . 200 400 Kilometers Dots - Gynoxys acostae Cuatr. Circles - (1. multibracteifera n. sp. Stars - G. regis n. sp. 1984 s. The genus Gynox.y6 373 Robinson & Cuatrecasa PLANTS OF ECUAOOR WHrTCO ITATH NATIONAL MUICUM Hoiot^ifgiSrlviffrrP H; Roblnson ‘ J- E. K rant z Staff F'hnr a, nal Herbarium. Photos by Victor History Photographer, National Museum of Natural 374 PHYTOLOGIA Vol . 56, No. 5 UNITED STATES ftOHl H I Mt'RKU t K)N<. \\n » RANK A I MUM. Ml 7804 26 January t‘r*> A;: nay : 30 kit) S of Cumbc on the road to Saraguro at an elevation of 0800 ft. shrub 2 m tall. Florets yellow. 2850507 NATIONAL HERBARIUM \/> t.liiliti' .olh-itrJ far tlu tiuuJ .SUI<- \jll»nut lUrljnuw \unti/ S. /. u, . » Gynoxys regis H. Robinson & J. Cuatrecasas , Holotype, United States National Herbarium. 1984 Robinson & Cuatrecasas, The genus GynoxyA 375 Enlargements of heads. Top. Gynoxys multibracteifera. Bottom. CJ. regis . BOOK REVIEWS Alma L. Moldenke "ARBRES, ARBUSTES, ARBRISSEAUX DU QUEBEC Comment les Identifier En Toutes Saisons" 8th Edition, by Jean Smith & Louis Parrot, 155 pp. & 52 b/w line draw., Gouvernement du Quebec. 1984. Paperbound. This is a very effective, pocket-sized, readily workable key to the 23 evergreen-needled and 99 deciduous broad-leaved trees and shrubs of the province. Both common names in French and the scien¬ tific ones in Latin are given in separate indexes. The clear line drawings at the back are very helpful for the amateur naturalist with a yen to recognize by name the beauties he/she sees while walk ing through the woods . "ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY Volume 22, 1984" edited by Raymond G. Grogan with George A. Zentmyer & Ellis B. Cowling, x & 487 pp. , 18 b/w photo., 17 fig. & 33 tab. Annual Reviews. Inc., Palo Alto, California 94306. 1984. $27.00 U.S.A. & $30.00 foreign. This continuing fine offering of papers starts with a prefatory one by Dr. Ou relating his experiences in "Exploring Tropical Rice Diseases" and his leadership in the wonderful work of the Internati onal Rice Institute. The historical perspectives cover the con- tributuons of E. C. Stakman, Cynthia Westcott, James Johnson and Mortimer P. Starr. There are 6 papers on different types of patho¬ gens, 1 on compartmentalization as a framework for understanding how trees grow and defend themselves, 5 on the physiology and genet ics of host plant and disease interactions, 1 on the breeding of resistance, 3 on epidemiology and influence of the environment, and lastly, 1 on toxicants and chemical control. As is characteristic of scientific progress reports in the whole series, succint ad¬ vances are described and subjective prospects are enthusiastically pointed out, but, at the same time, known limitations are always declared. 376 PHYTOLOGIA An international journal to expedite botanical and phytoecological publication Vol. 56 December 1984 No. 6 CONTENTS TURNER, B. L., Archibaccharis intermedia (Blake) Turner, comb. nov . 3p7 MOLDENKE, H. N., Notes on new and noteworthy plants. CLXX/X . 380 LOURTEIG, A., Oxalidaceae extra-austroamericanae. V. Averrhoa L . 381 LUNDELL, C. L., Neotropical Myrsinaceae — XV . 413 LUNDELL, C. L A new species of Euonymus (Celastraceae) from Mexico . 419 MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the genus Lippia. XIX . 420 MOLDENKE, A. L., Book jv|^ ^ ^ . 448 DEC '/ 1 10P4 NE ORK OOTANiCal UARUfcN Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 303 Parkside Road Plainfield, New Jersey 07060 U.S.A. Price of this number $3.00; for this volume $14.00 in advance or $15.00 after close of the volume; $5.00 extra to all foreign addresses and domestic dealers; 512 pages constitute a complete volume; claims for numbers lost in the mails must be made immediately after receipt of the next following number for free replacement; back volume prices apply if payment is received after a volume is closed. ARCH I BACCHAR IS INTERMEDIA (BLAKE) TURNER, COMB. NOV. B. L. Turner Department of Botany, Univ. of Texas, Austin 78712 Preparation of a treatment of the Asteraceae of Veracruz has convinced me that Archi bacchari s hirtel! a var. intermedia Blake is a valid species related to, but amply distinct from, AThirtella (DC.) Heer. Jackson (1975) in his revisional study of Archi bacchari s knew A. intermedia from only two collections, the type itself and from a Botteri collection, both from Mount Orizaba. The present study is based upon a large group of collections at ENCB, TEX and XAL, ranging from northern Hidalgo state to central Veracruz. Most of these were assembled from Veracruz by the exceptional collector F. Ventura A. working out of ENCB, who must have made Archi bacchari s his favorite genus for collection, so numerous and well documented are his specimens (cited, in part, below). For this we owe him many thanks. I include here an emended description over that rendered by Jackson, along with such other observations that seem appropriate. Archi bacchari s intermedia (Blake) Turner, comb. nov. _ Archi bacchari s hirtel la (DC.) Heer. var. intermedia Blake, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 24: 434. 1934. TYPE: MEXICO. Veracruz : shaded banks near Orizaba, 25 Jan 1895, Pringle 6108 (holotype US; isotype ENCB! ) Erect to scandent herbs 0.5 m high or clamboring shrubs to 3 m high. Stems terete, striate, densely to moderately sordid puberulent. Leaves ovate to lanceolate-ovate, 2. 5-6. 5 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, sparsely puberulent above and below along the major veins, otherwise glabrous, the margins remotely dentate to serrulate; petioles well-defined, mostly 1-3 mm long. Heads numerous (50-150) in loose, leafy, terminal corymbose panicles. Pisti 1 late heads 4-5 mm high, 3-4 mm wide; bracts 3-4 seriate, imbricate, linear- lanceolate, glabrous, acute, the margins sparsely ciliate; ray florets filiform, 20-30; corollas 2. 5-3.0 mm long, white, puberulous to glabrous, the ligule obsolete; achenes ca. 1.3 mm long, 2-3 nerved, sparsely hispid, the pappus 2-3 mm long. Stami nate heads 3-4 mm high, 3-4 mm wide; bracts 2-3 seriate, imbricate, lanceolate-ovate, sparsely puberulent to glabrous, prominently ciliate and often red-tinged; disk florets 10-30; corollas 2-3 mm long, white to reddish-brown; tube 1.0-1. 5 mm long, puberulent; limbs 2-3 mm long, glabrous or nearly so, the lobes 1.0- 1.5 mm 1 ong. Chromosome number unknown. 377 378 PHYTOLOGIA Vol . 56, No. 6 DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: Montane regions of pine and oak cloud forests from Hidalgo south along the Sierra Madre Orientale to central Veracruz (Mount Orizaba); 1500-2400 m. Flowering Oct. -Feb. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS: MEXICO. HIDALGO: 3 mi S La Culabra, Hwy. 84, 54 mi N Zimapan, 30 Dec 1970, Dunn et a 1 . 17426 (ENCB); El Estribo carretera Metepec - Tenango de Doria, 2400 m, 3 Dec 1972, Gimate 807 (ENCB); 2 km S Tenango de Doria, 1700 m, 14 Jan 1973, Rzedowski 30241 (ENCB). PUEBLA: 3 km N Zacapoaxtal, sobre la carretera a Cuetzalan, 1500 m, 4 Feb 1974, Rzedows ki 31726 (pistillate plant), 317 27 (staminate plant) (ENCB). VERACRUZ: Mun. Acajete: Plan de Cedeno, 1780 m, 9 Dec 1971, Ventura 4663 (ENCB); Acajete, 1800 m, 6 Dec 1976, Ventura 13712 (ENCB). Mun. Acatlan : Acatlan, 1800 m, 10 Dec 1973 Ventura 9388 (ENCB); Acatlan, 1800 m, 20 Sep 1975, Ventura 11849 (ENCB). Mun. Altotonga: Tasahuapa, 1800 m, 8 Nov 1969, Ventura 17 (ENCB,LL). Mun. Atzalan: Tatzayanala, 1400 m, 10 Jan 1970, Ventura 348 (ENCB); Cerro del Aquila, 800 m, 19 Jan, 1981, Ventura 18113 (ENCB, XAL). Mun. Coscomatepec: El Durazno, 1415 m, 29 Jan 1972, Ventura 4860(ENCB, TEX). Mun. Naolinco: Naolinco, 1500 m, 1 Nov 1973, Ventura 7779 (ENCB). Mun. Yecuatla: Paz de Enriquez, 1550 m, 7 Nov 1970, Ventura 2785 (ENCB). Jackson (1975) correctly notes that this taxon, which he maintained as a variety of Archi bacchar i s hi rtel 1 a , is quite distinct from the latter. Label data indicate that the species may vary in habit from an erect herb (0.5 m, in flower) to a clamboring "vine" up to 3 m high. It is usually described, however, as a perennial herb to 1.5 m high, in which case it has only weakly fractiflex stems. It is readily distinguished from A^ hi rtel! a by its small, mostly ovate leaves which are abruptly petiolate, small heads in leafy open capi tul escences, the ultimate peducles being mostly 5-12 mm long. In addition, as noted by Jackson, the taxon is completely eglandular, which provides a convenient "key character" for identification purposes. Archi bacchari s hirtella is a widespread species occurring from the state of Mexico along the Sierra Madre Occidentale to Chiapas and hence southward to El Salvador. With the exclusion of A. i ntermedi a it is comprised of 3 varieties: var. hi rtel 1 a which grades southward into the more pubescent var. taeniotricha Blake and the var. albescens Jackson, which is a poorly known localized taxon from central Oaxaca. The distributional relationships of these several taxa are shown in Figure 1. LITERATURE CITED Jackson, J. D. 1975. A revision of the genus Archi bacchari s Heering (Compositae - Astereae) Phytologia 32: 81-192. 1984 Turner, Afick-ibac.ckafu.6 -inte.fime.cUa 379 NOTES ON NEW AND NOTEWORTHY PLANTS. CLXXIX Harold N. Molaenke LJPP1A GLAZ10V1ANA var. PUSJLLA Mold., var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei statura humiliore foliis par- vioribus basaliter subtruncatis recedlt. This variety differs from the typical form of the species in its lower stature and smaller leaves, the latter being only 3--6 mm. long and 3 — 5 mm. wide, basally subtruncate. The variety is based on G. Hcut6ch.ba.ck 47540 from campo rupestre in the vicinity of Ibiguare, Bahia, Brazil, collected on January 23, 1984, and deposited in the Lundell Herbarium at the University of Texas. The collector notes that the plant grows from an underground xylopo- dium and the corollas are rose-color when fresh. PAEPALANTHUS ER1GER0N var. PUBESCENS Mold., var. nov. Haec varietas a forma typica speciei bracteis involucris dorsaliter densissime adpresso-pubescentibus recedit. This variety differs from the typical form of the species chiefly in the involucral bracts being very densely appressed-pubescent on the outer surface. The variety is based on G. HcuUckbach i R. KummfLOtM 47956 from "Pare~ does de arenitos local sombrio" in campo rupestre at Mucug£, Bahia, Brazil, collected on June 16, 1984, and deposited in the Lundell Her¬ barium at the University of Texas, STACHYTARPHETA CRASS1F0LIA f. ALBA Mold,, f. nov. Haec forma a forma typica speciei corollis albis recedit. This form differs from the typical form of the species in having white corollas. The form is based on G. Hcut6chba.ck 47464 from campo rupestre 15 km. south of Mucuge, in the Serra do Sincora, Bahia, Brazil, collected on January 22, 1984, and deposited in the Lundell Herbarium at the Uni¬ versity of Texas. The collector describes the plant as a shrub, 1.5 m. tall. 380 OXAL I DACEAE EXTHA-AUSTROAMER I CANAE Vj AVERRHOA L. Alicia Lourteig Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris Abstract . The taxonomical study and distribution of the Genus Averrhoa is completed with a palynological research (Contributed by M.-T.Cerceau -Larrival) in the aim of proving, also by the pollen features, its po¬ sition within the family of the Oxalidaceae as well as establishing the diagnostic characters for the two species. LINNAEUS cre6 el g^nero Averrhoa para 3 especies leRosas conocidas desde tiempos muy antiques en el viejo continente e ilustradas por RUM- PHIUS y RHEEDIU5. Dos de ellas son UxalidSceas y llevan cono epltetns los nomhres vernaculares por Ins cuales se las conocia en cultivo. Ave¬ rrhoa acids L., descripta mas tarrie por el mismo autore como Cicca dis- ticha L., Mantissa 1: 124. 1767 cs una Euphorbiaceae . LINNAEUS filius reconocifi la identidad de los dos binonics (Suppl, PI. 416. 1781) vis- lumbrando su parentesco con Phyllanthus L. Hoy sabemos que es Phyllan- thus acidus (L. ) Skeels Los autores siguientes conservaron erte g(5nero junto con los otros que actualmente forman la familia de las Uxalidficeas sunque hayan sido inclufdos en la fanilia de las Gerani^ceae (Bentham et Hokker, Gen. PlT. ) con la cual tienen afinidade. S6lo J. HUTCHINSON , fiel a su concepcii5n separatista de plantas leHosas y herbSceas, dislocfi el cirupn y cre6 la familia AVERRHOACEAE Hutchinson, Fam. Flow. PI. 1959 para este g£nero. VELDKAMP, 1967 y 1971, expnne sue argumentos para reintegrar Ave¬ rrhoa en Oxalidaceae asl como LOURTEIG, 1981 y 1983. El "carScter le- fioso" de Hutchinson es insostenible pues Dapania y Sarcotheca del Vie¬ jo Mundo son Srboles grandes, Biophytum, representado en los dos ccnti- nentes, comprende en su mayorla, arbustos nanos y nurrerosas especies de Oxalis poseen tallos lePlosos (h, 1-2 m de alto) o de base leflusa. Distribucitfn geogrSfica y ecologla Las dos especies viven en Stodos los continenetes , pero al parecer, cultivadas. El oriqen no estS probado. WEBSTER, J. Arnold Arb.38 :71 - 72 resume la discusifln al tratar Phyllanthus acidus y parece favorable a la opinion de TRIMEN, Handb. FI. Ceylan 1: 200. 1893 y de MERRILL, Botan. of Cook's Voyages p. 301. 1954 quienes afirman que la introduc- cifin en India se produjo a partir de Brasil por medio de la navegacifin Portuguese. No hay m£s explicaciones. VELDKAMP, 1971, se inclina por un origen indo— malfisico con argumentos, a mi parecer, v£lidos y que comparto. 381 382 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 6 La literatura prelinneana comenzando con BAUHIN, 1623 y luego RHEE- DIU5 y HUMPH IUS comporta citaciones stflo para la region indomalaya. Por el contrario, las mds antiguas relaciones de viajes dc Gudam^rica no las mencionan; tampoco figuran en los trabajos de PLUMIt'R ni en sus manus - critoa que he revisado. Las caracterlsticas de estos arboles y sus fru- tos comestibles no hubieran pasado desapaercibidos. Ademas K0URDLR5, Ex- kursionf. Java 2: 41B-414. 1912 (Cfr. KNUTH , Engler u. Prantl, Pflanzen- familien 19a : 39. 1931) escribe haber hallado las dos especies silves- tres en ^ava. En Sudan£rica, los especlmenes que he revisado, proceden de plantas cultivadas. 5on especies pantropicales que viven en lugares humedos, selv5ticos y en cultivos. A1 parecer las plantas americanas no alcanzan la talla maximal observada en el Viejo Mundo. Movimientos foliares Han sido objeto de observaciones precisaa por BRUCE, Philos. Trans. 356. 1785 y, en especial, por Ch, DARWIN, The movements of Plants 1830 en cuya traduccifin francesa por G. HECKEL, 1B32 Paris, pp. 332 — 337, f. 132-135 y p. 451, f. 180 se estudia b1 fen6meno de la posicidn de sueRo en Averrhoa Bilimhi L. durante la noche, durante el dla, midiendo en grados la separaci6n de los follolos, verificando la luminosidad , la temperatura, los contactos, etc, estableciendo el paraheliotropismo . Anatomfa CHAUVEL, Recherches sur la famille des Uxalidacfies , Thfeso. Pharma- cie, 1903, Paris es el estudio cl^sico detallado de la anatomla de todos .los firganos en los g<5neros de esta familia. HOLL u. JANSSEN, 1911 ana- lizan Averrhoa en p. 9 y G. HEIMSCH, Lilloa 9: 97, 191. 1942 hace un estudio conparativo (al nivel de familias) del xilema. Una slntesis de los conocimientos con algunas observaciones personales se hallan en MET- CLAFE and CHALK, Anatom, Dicotyl. Is 299. 1950. La estructura vascular del tallo y del peclolo consiste en haces colaterales rodeados externamente de un periciclo casi continuo. Los vasos lehosos presentan perforaciones . CHAUVEL hall6 cristales de oxa- lato de Calcio dispuer.tos en filas longitudinales , uno en cada c^lula, en A_. Bilimbi y cristales prism^ticos o grupos cristalinos en la nfidu- la, liber y parSnquima cortical de Carambola. Hay m£s fibras en _A. Bilimbi que en A_. Carambola. Los pelos son simples o glandulosos, con pie pluricelular de pocad c^lulas y caleza unicelular; en A . Bilimbi pe¬ los con la base huodida en la epidermis. Los estomas estSn acompahados de 1 o 2 c^lulas subsidiarias peralelas a la apertura. Hetero8t£lea Existe la trihetersotllea pero la regia es la gran piroporcifin de meaoiStliB||,8iendo raros los casus de macro- y de microstllea. F itoqulmica Como todas las especies de la familia, £stas contienen Scido ox5- lico en proporcifin importante, al cual se deben varias de sus prnpie- 1984 Lourteig, OxcuLidaczcie. extra-austroamer icanae 383 dades quR justifican su uso. Tndavia no se tienen datos precisos sobre la compoBicifin quimica de los distintos firqanns de e Btas especies aun- que der.de el punto de vista prActico se ban analizado los frutos (HER- MANO and SEPULVEDA, Phil. J. 5ci. 54. 1934 vitaminas; GUERRERO, Medici¬ nal ubob of Philip. PI., Bull. Bur. Forest. 22(3). 1921) citadoo por W. H. BROWN, Useful PI. Philipp. 2. Techn. Bull. Bureau 5ci. Manila 113. 1950. HEGNAtJER, Chemotaxonomie PI. 5: 255. 1969 sefiala la presencia de leucocianidina y leucndelf inidina en las hojas de A, Carambola, hecho que corrobora la idea de qua esta familia serfa la mAs prinitiva en el Orden de Geraniales. Palinologla ERDTMAN, Morphol, PI. Taxonom. 30 2-303. 1952 estudia el polen de A . Bilimbi. Dados los progresos tficnicos en la investioacifin palinolfigi- ca y con el objeto de reubicar el g pf lanzenfamilien ed. 2. 19a: 39. 1926; in Lngler, 384 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 6 Pflanzenreich 130: 417. 1930 . LemSe, fl. Guyane Fr. 2: 163. 1952. Bac¬ ker &. Backhuizen, f"l. Java 1: 247. 1963. Schulz in Syllabus 24fl. 1964. Veldkamp in Fl. Males, ser. 1. 7: 174-175. 1971. Adams, flow. PI. Jamai¬ ca 376, 1974. Lourteig, Ann. Missouri Bet. Gan'. 67 (4): B24-825.1981; in Reitz, Fl. Ilustr. Catarinense 4. 1983. Carambola Ananson, Fam. PI. 2: 508. 1763. Oxynix Noronha, Verh. Batav. Gen. 5: ed0 1, Art. IV. 3. 1790. A yerrhoaceae Hutchinson, Fam. Flow, PI. ed. 2. 1: 356, f. 212. 1959. SSpalos 5, imbricadns, apenas soldados. PStalos 5, hipfiginos, con- tortos, libres o poco soldados por encims de la uha. Estambres 10 o un ciclo reducido a estaminodios , poco soldados en la base. Ovario 5-loba- rio, 5-loculado. Estilos 5, libres. Estigna 2-lobulado. Carpelos plurio- vulados (raro 2-ovulados). Ovulos pSndulos. Fruto una baya ovoidea u ob- longa, 5-lobulada, indehiscente . 5emillas 2 a varias por carpelo, albu¬ men carnoso. Arbolitos o Srboles grandes, ramificados. Hojas imparipinadas . Ci- mas reunidas en racinos y luego en fasclculos o pseudo-panlculas , axi- lares o en ramas abortadas, caulifloras. Bracteas caducas. Flores her- mafroditas. Flores heterostlleas . T ipo . Averrhoa Carambola L. (Lect6tipo). Clave de las especies A. Hojas 3-B-yugas distribuldas en las ramas. PStalos ( h. 9 mm ) j.nteriormente con pelos glandulosos riimi— nutos. Estambres fSrtiles 5. Baya prnfundamente 5- lobulada, Semillas ariladas . /\„ Carambola B. Hojas 7— 20-yugas, reunidas en el Spice de las ranas. PStalos purpureos interiormente glabros (10-20 mm). Estambres fSrtiles 10. Baya oblongo-cilfndrica ape¬ nas 5-lobulada o casi lisa. 5emillas no ariladas.. A^. Bilimbi Averrhoa Carambola L. Linnaeus, Sp. Pi. ed. 1. 428. 1753. Cavanilles, Dissert. 7: 373, f. 220. Candolle, l.c.Blume, Bijdrag. 242. 1825. Don, Gen. System. 1: 752. 1831. Wight et Arnott, Prodromus 141. 1B34. Blanco, Fl, Filip. 391. 1837. Mi- quel, Fl. Ind. Batav. Is 133. 1859 . Edgeworth and Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 1: 439. 1874, Progel in l.c0 520 incl. var. anqustisepala Prog. Trimen, J. Linn. Soc. 24: 142. 1887. Glaziou, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 52 Mem. 3: 81. 1905. Pulle in Fl. Surinam 237. 1906. Koorders, Exkursionsfl . Sava 2: 414. 1912. Merrill, Spec. Blancoana 194.1918. Ridley, Fl. Malas. Pen. 1: 332. 1922. Lecomte, Bois Indochine 127, tab. 39. 1926. Knutbjl.c.. 417-418 . Jonker in Pulle, Fl. 5uriname 3: 53, 54-55.1951. Lem£e,l.c. Ri¬ vals, Trav. Labor. Forest. Toulouse 1(3) ;17. 1960. Backer &. Backhuizen, Averrhoa dedicado al cSlebre filSsofo y mSdico arabe Averrhoes de CSrdo- ba (1149 - 1217) quien tradujo Aristfiteles al Srabe. A.. Carambola nombre vernacular de la planta en el 5 de India. Palabra espahola y portuguesa («■ billa). 1984 Lourteig, Ox.ouLtda.ceM.e. extra-austroamericanae 385 l.c. Veldkamp, FI. Thail. 2: 21. 1970; FI. Mai. l.c. 175— 17 f , fig. 9. A- dams , l.c. Bates, Hortus Third 131. 1977. Lourteig, l.c. 1981; l.c. 7-9, fig. 1 A. 1983. A. acutanqula Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. 2: 543.1G12. A_. pentandra Blanco, l.c. 392. Connaropsis philippica Villar in Blanco, l.c. ed, 3. App. 33. 1880.(7) Sarcotheca philippica (Vill.) Hallier f.,Meded. Rijk. Leiden 1: 2. 1911. Veldkamp, Blumea 15 (2): 542-543. 1967 (dubious species). Arbol(h. 25 m alto, h. 5 cm di3m.) muy ramificado, a veces ramas p^ndulas; corteza pardo-clara. Ramos pubescentes, pubescencia muy corta, curva, pelos blanqucrinos o anaranjados, ascendentes glabrescentes . Ho- jas distribuldas en el tallo y ramas , 3-8-yugas (h. 50 cm 5mbito). Pe - clolos (h. 3-5 cm) pubeBcentes, engrosados hacia la base.RaquiB rlgi- do, pubescente (h. 20 cm). Peciolillos gruesos (1,5 - 3 mm). FolioloB alternns o subopuestns , discolores, asimfi tricos , de forma variada, los inferiores menores, ovados (1,5 -3x1-2 cm), acuminados o cuspida- dos; los superiores ellpticos ( 4 - H,5 x2,5 - 3,5 cn),u ovado— oblongos cuspidados o acuminados, el terminal sim^trico, ellptico ( 5-9x3- 4 cm), cuspidario; base redonrieada o truncada, asin^trica , nervaduras se- cundarias 4-10 pares; pubescencia cortisima uniforme en el env<5s;bor- des adpreso-ciliados , nervaduras pubescentes en el haz. Cimas pubescen¬ tes y glandulosas, reunidas en racimos y fistos en fasclculos o pseudo- paniculas axilares o en ramas abortadas dando caulifloria. Periunculos h. 1 cm. Pedicelos 3-4 mm, articulados m£s arriba de la mitad. Brac- teas y bractSolas subuladas, aqudas, densamente pubescentes (± ■$• - 1 mm ) . S5palos oblongos, obovado-oblongos ( 2,5 - 3,5 x 1 - 2 mm), obtusos algo emarginados , raro subaqudos, poccspelos adpresos en la zona central bordes irrequlares, hialinos, finamente ciliados. P^talos linear-espatu lados (6,5 - 9 x 1,5 - 3,5 mm) base unguiculada, soldados en la zj*a me¬ dia, ram libres, interiormente densamente glandulosos. Estambres con filamentos largos ( ?- 2,5 mm ) ffirtiles; los con filamentos cortoB sin anteras, raro con rudimento de antera y a veces con dos tecas rudimenta- rias separadas (casos hallados en materiales sudamericanos de Panama y de Brasil), sobre un filamento cortc; los filamentos de los estambres del cicln corto (± 1,5 mm) son engrosados, m£s que los largos; todos son ensanchados hacia la base y soldados hasta un quinto de los cortos; an¬ teras orbiculares, conectivo visible. Ln las flores longistileas los fi- lamentos mayoreg llevan glandulitas en la mitad superior. En las flores mesostileas la diferencia entre los dos ciclos de estambres es muy gran¬ de, los cortos son cortisimos. Las flores mesostileas son las m£s abun— dantes, hay longistileas pero no he visto micrnstileas. Pistilos a veces glandulosos (3- 4 mm). Ovario elipsoideo, poco adpreso-pubescente , a ve¬ ers s6lo en el dorso carpelar. Estilos cortos, gruesos, pilosos. Estig- mas ensanchados, 2— lobulados, externos. Carpelos 3-5— ovulados. Fruto ovoideo o elipsoideo, asimStrico, carpelos desiguales, angu- losos, seccifin transversal 5-radiada ( 8 - 12,5 x 5 -6 cm diSm. ) base y Spice 5-lobulados, verdoso o amarillento. Semillas ellipsnideas , aplana 386 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 6 das (ID - 12 mn) con pseudoarilo carnoso. Tipo. Ceylan, leg. Hernann 1672-1677 ex herb. Banks BM. Lect6tipo cf. Trinen nu 178 . Ibid . , ex herb. Hemann, folio n± 70 (Thes. Zeylan.) Inst. Trance, cf. Lourteig, p. 26. 1966. Nombres vernaculares . Carambola el nombre universal (Carambolier para la la planta); asotn djorbing, Sumatra; Kombang bua, kaping .Malasia ; balinq- bing amis, blimbing jawa, Java; daligan, Filipinas; ibeid, Nueva Guinea; caramboleiro , Brasil. Uistribucion qenqrafica. Actualmente cultivaria en torios los continentes, se la halla en bajas altitudes y hasta algo mas de 1000 metros, en sel¬ vas primarias y aecuncarias, lugares de cultivos, cerca de rlos , quebrap - das, ademSs de los jardines. La bibliografia prueba que en las islas mas- careRas esta especie se cultiva desde hace siglos (Willemet, Herbarium Mauritianum p.36. 1796; Bojer, Hortus Mauritianus . , . . . qui croissent £ l'lle Maurice p. 64. 1837;Baker, Flora of Mauritius and the Seychelles, . p. 37. 1877; Cordenoy, Flore de la 'bunion . p. 63. 1895). Material estudiado . S. 1, ex herb. Pourret, P. Asia Lx herb. Sherard 526 GXF. CHINA. Leg. Iwan, P. Leg. Millet DXF. Saiheong ?, leg. Krone VI... P. Macao, leg. Callery 203, ^oy„ Gaudichaud 1836-37 P. Leg. Incarville 189, a. 1740 P; 5, P. Fukien , leg. Price 1267, 1912 K, Foochow City,Wovs hihshan, leg. H.H. Chung 7376,30 VIII 1923 K. Hainan. Yaichow, in garden leg. Liang 61906, 4 VII 1933 K,P. Pak Shik Ling, leg. Lei 662, 15 V 1933 K,NY,tJS. 5han Tong To, leg. Tsang, Wai-Tak 581, 23 VIII 1927 A,K, NA,U5. Shapo Shan, leg. ipse 544,21 VIII 1927 K,U5. Ngau Ma Woh , leg. ip¬ se 402, 20 B 1928 K, NA, US. Tai Pin, 330 m, leg. Fressitt 1132, VI- VII 1935 BM. Honq-Konq. Leg, J.P.W.Woo & T.K. Woo 363, 29 IX 1972 P.I- bid., leg. H.F.Hance 279 P. Leg. Wright 34, U.S.N.Pacif. Expl. Fxp.1853 -56 K,P. Ibid., leg. ipse (17) US. Leg. Harland 508, K. Leg, dance 279, VII 1853 BM. Leg. Forbes 103, at 1874 BM. Caste Peak, leg. Shin Ying Hu 6497, 11 I 1969 K,US. Ma OnShan, leg. ipse 6377, 14 XII 1968 IIS. Tai Po N.7'. Lin Tsueng, leg. ipse 7880, 20 IX 1969 K, US. Foung Shui Wood, leg. Hu 12092, 10 I 1972 K. Kwanqsi. Suan - tze, leg. Ching 7782, 12 X 1888 US. Leg. ipse 7770, 10 X 1928 US. Kwangsi, leg. Morse 588 y 620, K. Kwanqtung. Nanhoi Distr. leg. Chun 7776, 6 XI 1929 K,P. Kwangtung border Shap Man Taai Shan, fJa Wai village, leg. Tsang 23931, 11-30 VII 1934 US. Kwonq Tung. Prov. Canton vie., leg. Levine 1001, 6 VII 1917 NA,US. Ho - nam Isl., leg. ipse 261, 10 I 1917 U5. Ib., leg. ipse 320, 25 I 1917 NA , US- Hainan. Taiwan, leg. Playfair 302, X... K,U5. Leg. Henry XI 1889 K. 1 K)F5 1 'A I L x herb. Rottlerianum K, Ex herb. Vaillant, P. Jajhohoi, ex herb. Edgeworh, IV 1835 0XF. Garden Tatihgwet IV 1833 0XF. Leg. Wright 458, US. A. H. Garden, Lahore, leg. Parker 28 VI 1915 US. Exherb. Desvaux P. Hor- tis trop., leg. Hooker f. et Thomson 18 V 1850 BM,K,UXF,P. Penins. Ind. Srient., leg. Wight 307, 1866-67 K,P. Ib.,, leg. ipse 458 BM,P. Leg, Son- 1984 Lourteig, 0x.OL&yLdcLCQjOLQ. extra-austroamericanae 387 nerat, P. Calcutta, lBg. Wallich 229, P. IbL, Hut. Garden, leg. flara et al. 3079, 8 VII I960 BM,K. Hangala, Chanderayore , leg. Abu Hosein VIII 1902 P. Pr. urbem Mangalor, leq. Hohenacker 29, 1049 I3M , P . Ib., hortia, s. col. 2322 II... P. Mnradabad, garden, leg. Thomson 292, OXF. bahan* rumpore, leg. Jacquemont P. Coromandel, leg. Koenig BM. Ib., leg. Mac£ P. Bot. Gard. of Calcutta and berampora, leg. Merrill 11 1934 - 41 P. Leg. hichard H rtulano, P. Hassan Distr., Mysore, H.iBsan, leg. baldanha 16163, 1 II 1970 K,P. Agra, leg. V. Negi Ub, Courtallen. , leq . Whight 180, VII 1835 0b. Dehra Dun, leg, Gupta IV 1920 05. Assam. Udelguir, leq. Chaterjee III 1902 BM,P. Chutea Nagpur, Dorunda, 500-2000', leq. Wood IV 1891 K. Hathiban, Gangpur State, Orissa, Snmbalpur, ley . Mnciney 1601, 2 XI 1940 K. Punjab. Komgra, Bhadwar, 2ooo ft., Koelz 4445, 13 V 1933 ' 05 Karnal, leg. Drummond 21673, 11 XI 1881 K. Ib., leq. ipse 21709 K. Ganges, Monqhyr, Kalranga, leg. Lockwood 23 XII 1877 K. Chittagong, Hill Tracts, Kamalaserie , leg. Gamble 7772, III 1RB0 K. Madras. Chinqapone, near Madras, V 845 K. Guinriy, leg. Gamble 20769, VII 1B89 K. Cult. Bot. Gard. Ninhar, leg. ipse 11405, IV 1883' K. Madras, leg. Sauter K. Leg. Bourne 24 VIII 1896 K. Ib.,leg. ipse 2824, 6 XI 1897 K. Bengal, W Duais, Jalpaiguri, leg. Gamble 1782 XI 1873 K. Bombay, leg. D. du Bois, 1702 OXF. Puri, leg. Haines 5495, IX 1917 K. Ib.,leg. ipse 5496, VII 1918 K. Dera Duh, leg. Raizada IV 1935 K. Trevadrum, leg.... 255, 10 V 1894 K. Setagarah u Hazaribaqh, 2000 ft., 5t. Stanislaus Gard., leg. Kerr 2578, 3 III 1955 BM. Rangoon, leg. D. Hamilton BM. CEYLAN. Leq. Hermann, ex herb. Banks nu 178, 1672-1677 BM. Ib., leg. ip¬ sa, Inst. Franca P. Bonnavista G^lle, Kundu &. Balakrishnan 515, 31 X 1970 05. Peradeniya, Kandy Distr., Roy. Bot. Gard., 400 n, leg. Sassanayake 359, 28 IV 1971 U5. Matale Distr., betw. Pallogana and Ranamure, 300 m, leg. Jayasuriya 343, 7 X 1971 US. Kudugarmawa, Tismodo Rd. fr. seafiedi 1750 ft., leg. Worthington 713 2 I 1940 BM. BIRMANIA. Pegou, Pointe de 1 'Elephant, leg. Reynaud X.... P. TAILANDIA. Doi Pu Ka, Nan., ca. 600 m, leg. A.F.G. Kerr 4945, 27 II 1921 P. Bankok, leg.R. Zimmermann 12, a. 1899 P. Domburi, leg. Surapat 94, 3 III 1959 US. U.l. fleg. Schomburgk 244 y 312, a. 1859 P. Siam. Chiengmai Prov. , Wat Lum, 30 mil fr. Bankok, leq. Rock 1534 X 1920 US. BURMA. Maymyo, Bot. Gard., leg. O.L. White 359, III 1951 US. Bjinma Fo¬ rest, leg... 46, 27 VIII 1919 OXF. LAUS.Haut Laos, 6-10 Km de Phong saly, piste de Bun Tai, 1500 m, leg. Poilane 26016, 8 V 1936 P. Chinaimo Rd. Kiu 5, 170 m, leg.... 65, 21 VIII 1955 K. VIET NAM. Thua Thien, Hfie, leg. Eberhardt 2305, 1533, 3285 P. Lieu Chieu l-i m, leg. Poilane 7694, 24 VIII 1923 P, Lang Khoai pr. Quanqkim, 300 m, leg. ipse 19933, 10 I 1932 P. Annam. Nord-Annam, ^roV. Mghe-An (Vinh), Delegation de Nghia-Hung, leg. F. Fleury 30199, 18 V 1914 P. Km 25 route de Nhatrang a Nuile Hua, leg. Poilane 8375, 24 X 1923 P. Quang Qui , leg. Pirey 25, P. Hue and vie., leg. J. S. M„5„ Clemens 4117, V-VII 1927 P,US. Lochinchine, leg. Talmy 22 a. 1868 P. Ib., leg.Thorel 8, 1862-1866 K,P. 388 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 6 Ibid. , ca. Saigon, log. L. Pierre 104B, V 1071 P. Tonkin, leo.Bnlansa 1126, IB VII 1B85 P. Phu£ Nhac, leg. H. Bon 1BQ4, 31 X 1BB2 P. Near Hue in gardens, leg, R. W. Squires 403, 2 V 1927 P. Tonkin, Nam Binh, leg. Mouret 97, VI 1906 P„ lb., log. Dnu 26, P. lb., TaaiWong Mo Shan and vie., Shui Mei village, NE of Chuk-phai, leg. W. I .Tsang 29280, 23 VI- 31 VIII 1939 K,P. Phu Tho, leg. Eberhardt 4362 P. MALASIA. Malay Peninsula, leg. Griffith 948, 1B61-62 P. Kepang Selan¬ gor, leg. F. Guard u. Pawanche 17 XI 1927 OXE. Malacca, leg. Gaudichaud 17, II 1837 P. Ibi, leg. Griffith a. 1B45 K. Pennang gardens, leg. Cur¬ tis 45, IX 18B4 K„ Pantal vail., leg. Ten L P. 113, 27 VI 196B K. Lorn - bok, Rindjani, leg. Elbert 1516, 30 V 1910 K. Nunong Angsi N.5., road - sides, leg. Guard &. Syad 9 XII 1930 OXE. RYUKYU Islands. Okinawa Isl., Izumi, Nakajin-son, leg. Walker 83B7, 24 VI 1966 US. Kuniqami, Motobu Peninsula Izumi, Moioohara Noen, leg. ipse 7786, 29 X 1957 U5. Oceania . PILIPINAS. Luzon, Rizal Prov. , 5. Francisco, leg. Penix 89, 4 IV 1958 NA. Leg. Commerson 17 Philip., P. Prov. Umingan, Luzon, Pangasinan, leg. Blanco 406, V 1914 K,P,US. Bontno Prov., log. M. Vanoverbergh 2558, XII 1912 P. Gagayan Prov, vie. Pehablanca, Tuguegarsc, leg. Adduru 35, 1 V- 18 VI 1917 K,P« Samar, [ataman, leg. Rosenbluth, leg. Bureau 12654, 1 IV 1904 NA,P. Carnarinas Prov., leg. Curran Bur. 10429, V 1908 NA,P. Prov. Luzon, San Mateo, leg. Merrill 106, V 1904 US. Bosbboso, leg. Ahern's 1972 XI-XII 1904 US. Luzon, Prov. of Rizal, leg. Foxworthy 134, I 1906 US. Puqueqarao , Cagayan, leg. Merrill 195, 16 VI 1902 US. Bo- soboso, leg. ipse 2628, VI 1903 US. Aguilar, leg. Valderrana 33442, XI- XII 1914 US. Prov. of Laguna, Mt. Maquilina, leg. Forest Guard 20920, X 1913 US, Los BaPios, leg. Elmer 8135, IV 1906 K. Luzon, Centro, Com. Vi¬ dal 1066, XI 1884 K. Ib. , leg. Cuming 511, 1841 K. Manila, leg. Bouton a. 1831 P. Ib., leg. Merrill 3463 X, XI 1903 US.Ib., leg. Loher 6782, X 1905 K. Montalbin, leg. ipse 5115, 25 V 1892 K„ Prov. Yayabas, Quinayan- qan, Vidal 675, I 1844 K. Panay Isl., ^rov. of Ilvilo, leg. Cammill 117, X 1905 K,US. Island of Negros, Dumaguete (Cuernos Mts.) leg. Elmer 9979, V 1908K,US. Batan Isl.,Albay, leg.C. B. Robinson, Bureau 6267, 22 VIII 1908 . Sulu Archip. Taganak Isl., leg. Hondo &. Edafio I - II 1957 K. BORNEO. North Borneo, leg. Creagh K. ^apar, leg. Telado 1924, 2 VI I 1922 OXF^KTampoluri , Kampong Bawang, leg. C. Cuadra 1270, 18 III 1948 K,US. Bangarmassing , leg. Motley , 1857-5B K. Diatr. Kota Belud, Sarangkul Kela- wat, ± 300 ft., leg. Ampurra 10 1 1 1964 K.Marotai, 20 ft., leg. Maiden 3272, 8 V 1933 K. Serarong, Semporna, leg.Agana 9907, 12. VIII 1938 K. Lahad Datu, Segana, leg. Cuadra A 255, 22 XI 1949 K. Branfort, Near- Gov. Hospital, leg. Cuadra 13045, 26 V 1951 K. Ib.r,n Padas Rd., leg. ipse 3030, 20 V 1951 K. Elopura, Mile 2, leg. Kadir A3604, 31 VIII 1951 K. 5arawak . Tatan, leg. Purseglove 5443, 9 VI 1956 K. SUMATRA. Adian F(IV 1961, MAU. Barkly Gardens, leg. R.L.Vau- gham MAIJ 0 Leg. Stadran a. 1789 LAM-P. Leg. N6raud G. Ex herb, van Heurck P. Leg. Dojer, K. Lx herb. Shuttleworth av. 1077 DM. Leg. SiebPr 205, FI. America. FSTADOS UNIDOS. Florida. Cocnnut Grove, cult. leg. W.T.Gillis 11(J07, 10 VII 1971 IJ,NA. Lee Co., Fort Myers, leg. Brumbach 6550, 1 XII I960 NA. Coral Gables, Jenninq's State, leg. R.A. Howard 17053 30 VI 1960 NA0I)ade Co., toconut Grove, Intr. Gard., leg. West, 16-21 VI 1949 NA. Ib., leg. Fennell 1075, 22 XI 1939 NA. Ib., Browns Gard., leq. Popenoe 351, 14 V 1916 NA. Little River, Simpson's Plant., leg. Ricker 4099 11 II 1913 NA. SALVADOR. Uep. [la Libertad, Puerta de la Laguna, leg. Standley 23663, 27 IV 1922 US. Ib., leg. F. Chousay 23, 1923 US. CUBA. Soledad, Cienfuergo, leg. Salvin 3, VI-VIII 1940 NA.Prov, Santa Clara, 5oledad, Cienfuego, leg. J.G.Jack 5246, 7 VIII 1927 K,P,U5. Ib, leg. ipse 4343 5 XI 1928 K,P. Habana, Santiago tie las Vegas, leg. Kil- lip 13522, 7 XII 1930 U5. JAMAICA, Parish Kingston, cult. Grounds of St. Joseph's Hospital, leg. A.v. de Porten, 27 VIII 1949 IJ. Castleton Gardens, leg. Collins 132, VI 1964 US. SANTO DOMINGO. La Vega, Licey, cult., leg. A. y P. Liogier 5 VII 1975. PIJLRT0 RICO. R£o Piedras, University, 100 ft., leq. L.L. Little 23918,3 VII 1970 BM,US. Loiza, leg. Butcher 5754, X 1915, US. GUADALUPE. Lag. Bena, 1474, 1944-46 P. Leg. ipse 906, 1238 P. 5te. Clai¬ re de Goyave, leg. ipse 28 VII 1936 P. Basse Terre, leg. Rodriguez 2872, 25 II 1934 P. Ste. Marie, 50 m, leg. StehlS 1082, 28 VII 1936 US. MARTINICA. Leg. Belanger 228,a.lB60 P, E de St. Pierre, leg. ipse 565, VIII 1853 P. Let), ipse 561, V 1854 Flo Jardin Colonial de St. Pierre, leq. Pl6e a. 1820. Leg. ipse 620, P. Leq.Goudot, P. Ex herb. Baillon a. 1864. SAN VICENTE. Leg. Guilding a. 1822 K. PANAMA. Prov. Lolfin, Achiote, NW side of the canal, leq. Folsom et al. 5793, 7 K 1977 P. Prov. Veraguas, Canazas, leg. Tysson 3617, 26 II 1966 MU. Canal Zone. Barro Colorado, leg. Croat 4558, 9 IV 1968 M0, Ib.,leg. ipse 7036, 9 I 1969 M0. Ib. , clearing at Laboratory, leg. ipse 4159, 7 XII 1967 M0. Ib., leg. Foster 2190, 20 II 1971 US. Tobago Island, leg. D'Arcy 6799 M0. TRINIDAD. Leq. Sieber 178, M0,P. Bot. Gard., leg. Broadway 28 IX 1926; ipse 10 VI 1957 0XF. VENEZUELA. Barinas . NuevaBolivia , Casa Cural,leg. Lrtpez Palacios 2808, l 14 IV 1972 MERF, P. 392 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 6 COLOMBIA, Valle, Granja experimental Palmira, 10BR m, leg, Duque Jara- millo 4381, 10-15 I 1947 COL, Amazonas. Intendencia Meta, Acacias, 450 m,leg. Orihe 2195, 15 VIII 1951 COL, US. Leticia, ca. 100 m, cult., leg. Plowman 2437 8 II 1969 K. GUAYANA FRANCE5A. Cayenne, leg. Martin 129, 265 FI. Ib., K. Leg.Sagot a. 1859 P. Leg. “elinon 264 a. 1842 BM,K,L,P,U5. Environs de Kourou, leg. Petitbon 18 VI 1969 P. Leg. Richard P. Cayenne, leg. LemSe P. Cayenne, cult. leg. Poiteau VII 1824 K. SURINAME. Leg. Hostmann 1000 a. 1843 K,P. Ib., leg. ipse 850 K. Leg.Fo- cke L. Paramaribo, leg. ipse 846, 2 X 1823 U„ Ib., leg. Went 562, a. 1901 U. BRASIL. S01., leg. Claussen P. Ex herb. M, FI. Leg. A. R. Ferreira X 17B4 ex herb.Escola Polit^nica, LISIJ. Amazonas. In sylvis ad flum. Solimoes pr. Rio Negro, leg. |v*artiiiB XI L,M. Rio Negro, ab. Manaos, 25 m, leg. Killip &. 5mith 30037, 14 X 1929 P,U5„ Pari . But. Gard. Museu Goeldi,leq. G.F0 Baker 60, VI 1904 K,P,M0,IJ5. Rnsinhas near Para, leg. Spruce 203, VII 1B49 K. BelSm, Horto do Museu Goeldi, leg. L. M. Carreira 225,8 X 1981 ; Ib., ipse 226, 8 X 1981 MG, P. Recife. Pernambuco, leg. Tavares, 503, 29 IV 1959 US. Bahia . Mun. Ilheus, Quadra do CEPEC, plant, de Ca¬ cao, leg. dos Santos 3228, 5 VI 1978 CEPEC, P. Vic. Bahia, leg. Rose and Russell 19605, a. 1915 US. Minas Geraes. Vigosa, Rd. , to 5ao Miguel, near stream Turba, 710 m,leg.s Mexia 4544, 31 III 1930 BM,M0. Ib.,leg. Irwin 2325, 27 XII 1958 US. Rio de Janeiro. Quinta Sao Cristovao, leg. Glaziou 9377, 28 XII 1876 K,P,R. Ib., leg.Vauthier 58, a. 1836 FI,K,P. Corcovado , leg . Miera 3971, K,P. Ib.,leg. Nadeaud, P. Paseio Publico, leg. Glaziou 2521, 28 XII 1867 P. Sao Cristovao, leg. ipse 2521, P. Jar- dim Bot. Rio, leg. Quillemin 94, XI 1838 P. Jacarepagufi, leg. Strang 547, 12 I 1964 P. Rio de Janeiro , leg ... . a. 1886 R.Niteroi, leg. Rohan R. Rio de Janeiro, leg. Sampaio 8260, IV 1939 R. Ib.,leg. ipse 8691, XI 1939 R. Sete Pontes, leg. Beaurepaire Rohan 37, 26 I 1878 R. Horto Bot« Sebastianopolis , leg. Martius IX M,M0. Quinta Bota Vista, leg. Vidal 10 III 1927 R. Deodora, leg. Rouna 88, VIII 1937 RB, Quinta Boa Vista, Jar dim Zoolfigico, leg. Emmerich 22 III 1978 P. Sao Paulo. Mun. Mogi-Juazu , Fazenda Campininha, leg. Ferreira Monteiro 9154, 2 XII 1978 UNICAMP. Pa¬ rang . Antonina, leg.Saito 14R5, III 1966 P. Mun. Guaratuba, Garuva, leg. Hatschbach 4479, 13 IV 1958 US. Santa Catarina . Florianfipolis , Saco Gran¬ de, 10 m, leg. Klein et al. 6665, 15 II 1966 HBR,FL0R,P. Itaiai, Cabras 20 m, leg. Reitz 1571, 28 III 1946 HBR, JOinville , PalScio Episcopal, IQ m, leg. Reitz e Klein 6304, 23 I 1958 HBR,U5. BOLIVIA. Beni, Ballivian, Espiritu, confluencia del R£o Yacuma, 200 m, leg. Beck 5446, 17 IV 1981 P, UMSA. Fig. 1. A: A^. Carambola a, ramo x -J- ; b, androceo x 6; c, fruto x Jr;Em- merich a. 1978 fr:,Matzenbacher a. 1979. B; A . Bilimbi a, hoja x y;b, parte de inf lorescencia x y; c, androceo x 3;d, fruto joven x y.Houllet 948;d, Pabst a. 1979. Storez del. 1984 393 Lourteiq, 0KCUtA.da.C6.CLe. extra-austroamer icanae ZZ/ DfTortm. 394 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 6 Averrhoa Bilimbi L. Linnaeus, bp. PI. 428. 1753. Cavanilles, Dissert. 7: 373, f. 219.1789. Candolle, l.c. Tussac, FI. Antilles 3; 97 - 99, tab. 29 1824. Don.l.c. 753, f. 121. Roxburgh , FI. Inri. ed. Carey 2: 451. 1832. Wight et Arnott l.c. Blanco, l.c. Walters, Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. 16 Supp. Is 321. 1843. Miquel, l.c. Edgeworth and Hooker f., l.c. Progel, in l.c. 1877. Trimen, l.c. Pulle, l.c. Small, l.c. 57. Koorders, l.c. Merrill, l.c. 195 Ridley, l.c. 331. Knuth, l.c. 418 incl. f. papuana Knuth.Jonker in Pulle, l.c. 53-54. Backer L Backhuizen, l.c. Veldkamp, l.c. 22.1970; l.c. 177- 170. 1971. Adams, l.c. Bates, l.c. Lourteig, l.c. B24 - 825. 1981; l.c. 5 - 7, f. 5 B. 1983. A_. obtusangula 5tokes, l.c. 542. Arbol (h. 15 m alto, 0,30 m di5m. Icon ramas ascendentes. Hojas reu- nidas en los Spices de las ramas en pseurioverticilos. Ramos y raquis densamente ro jizo-tomentosos. Hojas 7-20-yuqas (h. 65 cm largo ) .Pec£olo pubegcente (h. 17 cm), ensanchado en la base. Peciolillos carnosos, to- mentosos. Follolos homog^neos ( los inferiores m5s pequeflos 1-2x1- 1,5 cm), discolores, oblongos o elfpticos asimStricos (2,5 - 15 x 1 - 5 cm), agurios o acuminados (mucrfin ± 2 mm), base redondeada o subcuneada, pubescencia fina, uniforme en ambas faces, mAs abundante en el envds y sobre la nervadura media en el haz. Cimas reunidas en racimos o en pan£- culas (h. 20 cm) a menudo caulifloras, sobre ramas abnrtadas, p<5ndulas, afin cerca de la base del tronco, 15— 20floras, o cimas axilares o flores solitarias; pubescentes y qlanduloso-pubescentes . Pedicelos (4-20 mm) articulados ca. la mitad, Bricteas subuladas, densamente tomentosas (± 4 mm); bract^olas 1,5 - 2 mm, casi invisibles a causa de la pubescencia deciduas . 5£palos amarillo-verdosos a purpureos, ovados a elfpticos, asim6- tricos (5 - 12,5 x 1,5 - 3 mm),agudos, mucronados (uno interno, oblongo obtuso), pelos ± adpresos y glandulosos exterior e interiormente. P£ta- los purpureos, libres, a veces soldados hasta cerca de la mitad, linear -espatulados , unguiculados ( 10 - 20 x 2,5 - 4 mm)cortamente ciliados en el 5oice y pelos cortlsimos glandulosos exteriormente , caducos. Estam-* bres 10, f^rtiles, casi libres, glabros, los de filamentos largos ± 10 mm , los cortos ± 4 mm ; anteras suborbiculares , connectivo notable. Pis tilos en su gran mayoria mesostileos, un especimefi microstlleo (Elmer 15122) y varios macrost£leos (Hallier f. s. n° cfr. Weldkamp; los ntros vistos por m£)en las flores mesost£lea3 7,!) - 12 mm. Ovario cilfndrico, 5-lobulado (4-7,5 mm), agudo, prolong5ndose en los estilos cil£ndricos (±2 mm) a veces 2-lobulodo8 o truncados, dunslsimamente adpreso-piloso , con pelos amarillentos , rfgidos, aBcendentes. Estigmas poco- oonspicuas, laminares o subulados, anqostos; carpelos ( 1-3 )-4-7-nvulados . Baya oblonga (h. 10 x 5 cmdiam.), 5-lobulada a casi lisa, seccifin subcircular o pentSgona, base redondeada, Apice 5-lobulado, asim<5trico. Carpelos 4-7-seminados . 5emillas exariladas, suborbiculares ■ eardadas. T ipo . Ceylan , leg. Hermann 1672-1677 ex herb. Banks BM. Lectfitipo cf. Trimen n° 177. Ibid., ex herb. Hermann , folio n° 8Q(Thes.Zelan. ) Inst. France, cf. Lourteig, p. 29. 1966. ijilimbi es no'mbre Indio dado a esta planta y a su fruto. 1984 Lourteig, OxCLLtdac^Cie. extra-austroamericanae 395 Nombres vernaculares. L1 nombre mas rii*urdido es Biliribi, de origen in- dio, pero ha recibido muchos otros nombres locales especialnente Rn el contiriente indo-malayo(cfr. Veldkamp, 1971). bn Filipinas iba, en Nueva Guinea miri-miri, bp America del Sur biribiri, mimhre caramholier (Cuba) tirigurn (Costa Rica) y linao de canela (Hrasil). Djstrihuci6n geoqrAfira. Solamente conocida en nuustro d£as como planta cultivada. En Java, Koorders la hallfi al est.ado siivestre (cfr. Knuth in F.ngler u. Prantl,l.c. ) . En menos difunriida que A^ Caranhuln , escecialnen- te en Am6rica.Su Rcolngra es la nisna que la de la otm especic. Citada por Baker, Flora of Mauritius and the Seychelles . p. 37. IB 77; Cor- demoy,l.c.; Rivals, l.c. para La Reunion, precedidospor Bojer, l.c. en 1B37. Material estudindo. S.d. ex herb. JUSS-P. ex herb. Hasskarl 7732 L. Asia . Lxherb. Vaillant P. Lx herb. Pourret P. Lx herb. Sherard 525 OXF. TAILANDIA. Bangkok vill. , leg. Groff 131, 12 VI 192(3 NA. Yaigon, leg. ipse 252, 12 VI 192(1 K. Chieng-moi, 1000 ft., leg. Khoon Winitt 346, 14 VIII 1915 K. Pattani, Bananc Station, leg. Kerr 7BB6, 23 VII 1923 BMP K. Bangkok, leg. Marcau 1974, 14 II 1926 BM. Ib., garden, leg. Kerr, 4 VII 192(3 BM. Burma. Longyakyet, 2(300 ft., leg. Lace 6044, 2(3 XI 1912 K. INDIA. Leg. Richard Hortulano.P. Leg. Wight 306,1866-67 K,P. Goa, s.d.P. Pondichery, leg. Commerson 42, 43, JUS5— P. Hort. Calcutta, leg. Prain , 22 VI 1900 K„ Trevandrum Bot. Gard. 831, BM. Last Indies, 5t. Georges, leg. Ld. Buldley, a. 1712^ OXF. Madras, Guindy, leg. Gamble 20768 VI 18B9 K, Ib., leg. Shuter, K. Ib., leg. Bourne 2B24, 20 XI 1897 K. Maidive Island. Mal£ Islet, leg. Fosberg 36907, 12 IV 1956 US. CLYLAN. Lx herb. Hermann, folio B0, Institut Be France. MALASIA. Singapore, leg. Anderson 84, X 1861 P. Ib., leg. Kehding 502, IX 1BB0 P.Ib., leg. Carrick 14B4, 15 VI 1966 K. Kelantan, leg. V.D.W., 15 III 1911 K. Passar Road, Pudu Kuala Kumpur, leg. Jaamat B VI 1927 OXF FILIPINAS. Antipolo, Rizal Prov. , Luzon, leg. Blanco 255, I 1914 BM,K,P, US. Luzon, Prov. Union, Bauang, leg. timer 5700, II 1904 K,P,U5. Luzon, Prov. Sorsogon, Trosin Mt. Bulusan, leg. ipse 15122, XI 1915 BM,K,P,IJ5. Luzon, Subprov. Bontoc, leg. Vanoverbergh 3771 VII 1913 P. Luzon, Taya- bar, leg. Merrill 2434, IV 1903 K,U5. Luzon, Prov. Batan,Lamao Riv.,Mt. Mariveles, leg. Borden 2737, III 1905 K, US, Luzon, Prov. Camarines Sur, Nueva Caceres, leg. H.Hallier,24 VI 1903 K. Mindanao, Prov. Aguzan, Ca- badatan, Mt. Urrianeta, leg. Elmer 13999, X 1912 K,P,U5, Mindano, Prov. Zamboanga, Sax Riv. , leg. H. 5. Williams 242B, 4 III 1905 K,U5. Amboina, leg. Robinson 219, VII - XI 1913 BM,K,P,U5. Isl. Masbate, leg. Merrill 2616, V 1907 BM,K,U5. Isla Panay, La Paz,Prov.of Iloilo, leg. Cammill 11B, X 1903 BM , K, U5. Balabak , leg. Vidal 2244, III 1886 K. Basilan Isl., leg. W.J. Hutchinson 3445, 9 XII 1905 K.Isla Leyte, Palo, leg, timer 7089, I 1906 K. 396 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 6 SUMATRA. Last Coast, Kisaran, Asahan, leg, Yates 20BB, BM,P. Leg. For¬ bes 2570, 1BB0 BM. CELEBES. Sudost-Celebes , Menghoka, 100 m, leg, Libert 3232, 31 IX 1909 K. BORNEO. North Borneo , Selangan Isl. , leg, Keith 9237, 24 VIII 193B K. JAVA. ‘-eg. Commerson, P. Tjikada, leg. Zollinger 973, 29 XII 1842 BM,K,P. TIMOR, Leg, Ridely, P. Leg, Brown, IV 1803 BM. NULVA GUINEA. Kaiser Wilhelmsland , leg. Hollrung 709, a. 1887 P. Bivah Hollandia, leg. K. Gjellemp 114, 5 V 1910 K. Rossell Isl., Jinju, leg. Brass 28544,24 X 1956 K, US. Deutsch-Neuguinea , Sepik, leg. Ledermann 7562 K. Kaiser Wilhemsland, leg. ipse 6760, K. HAWAII. Honolulu, Pauoa Rd. , Pauoa Vail., leg. Beroh 381, 24 V 1976 NA . Lyon Arboretum, Middle Lown, Rauka, leg. Naqata 401, 5. VI. 1968 NA, MARIANAS. Guam. Lujuna, home of A. Taitano, 180 m, leg. Evans 1578, 16 II 1966 P,US. 1 Km 5 of Barricada, 65 m, leg.Posberg 35288, 25 XII 1953 US. Rota Isl . , Sonsong village, 5—10 m,leg. Evans 2279, 27 V 1966 US. CHRISTMAS. Hospital Garden, 40', leg. Pearson 95, 11 III 1964 K. CAROLINE . Palau Island. Angour, 13 m, leg. Canfield 240, 19 X 1977 US. Koror Isl. 5—10 m, leg. Fosberg 32067, 14-15 III 1950 US. Au lupse 'el _£sl. , Du ebachel beach, 2 m, leg. ipse 47439, 23 VIII 1965 US. Arakebe- san Isl., leg. Blackburn 221, 6 II 1968 US. Arakebesan, old japanese base, 1-20 m, leg. Fosberg 25659, 18-21 VII 1946 US. Africa. S.d.,leg. du Petit Thouars, P. Leg. Sonnerat, LAM-P. COTE DPIV0IRE. Adiopoum£, ca. 17 Km W Abidjan, cult. leg. de Wilde 3440, 21 II 196? K,P, WAG. CAMER0UN. Douala - Tiko, Manga, pres Missllele, leg. Letouzey 14596, 16 IV 1976 P. Cult. Bipindi, leg. Zaubroy 490, II 1913 P. Ib., leg. Zenker 490, XII 1913 US. ZAIRE. ^|ardin botanique ri'Eala, leg. Chevalier 28001, 15-18 VIII 1912 P. TANZANIA. Amani, Sigi, plantation, 1200 ft., leg. Greenway 6095, 16 XII 1940 K. SEYCHELLES. Cousin Isl., Inland, leg. Fosberg 52112, 24 I 197U US. Gran¬ de Anse River Vail., leg. S. A. Robertson 2462, 20 VIII 1977 P. C0M0RE5. Anjuan, leg. Schlieben 11166, 22 X 1968 K. MAURICI0. Leg, Commerson, G, LAM-P, P. Leg. Bory, ex herb. Ventenat,G. In horto Regio, leg. Sieber, II 286, a. 1826 E,G,P. *-eg. Sieber 204, FI, G. Port Louis, leg. Duljicet, 21 XI 1961 MAU. Leg.5tadman a. 1789 LAM— P. Diego Garcia . Chagos Archipelago, Atoll, East Point, leg. u. R . Stoddart 887, 27 VII 1967 K,P,U5. Diego Garcia Atoll, Pt. Marianne, leg. A. M. Hut¬ son 22, 17 IV 1971 K,U5. Ib., leg. C. Rhyne 771, 25 VII 1967 US. East 1984 Lourteig, OxaXtctoceae. extra-austroamericanae 397 Pt. village, leg. ipse 672, 17 VII 1967 US. America. I 5TAD0S UN I DOS . KLonLda. Miami, PI. Introduction fiard., leg. Popenoe 229, '12 IV 1916 MA. Ib.,leg. Kicker 4642, 13-15 III 1916 NA. Dade Co., Miami, leg. West 9 IV 1953 NA. Ib.,leg. Popenoe 343, 14 V 1916 NA. GUATEMALA. *”eg . Friedrichsthal, K. SALVADOR. 5. Salvador, Finca Altanira, 20011 ^t., leg. P. Allen &. R, Ar¬ mour 7254, 22 1 1 1959 US. Ucp. La Libertad, Huerta de la Laguna, leg. Standley 23676, 27 IV. 1922 US. La IJnitfn, leg. Hancock a. 1802-03 K. NICARAGUA. Chinandega, leg. Raker 2285, 3 I 1903 K, L,US. CUSTA RICA. Nicoya, leg. Tonduz 13798, I 1900 K,P,US. ANTILLL5. 5.1. , ex herb. Daillon, P, CURA. Leg. dn la Sagra, P. JAMAICA, ‘“eg. Hooker, 1045 P, Westmoreland, Dluefields, leg, Lewis 4 III 1948 IJ. Parish St. Mary, ^ic. Hampstead, 750-1000 ft., leg. Proc¬ tor P7o4, 15 V 1954 IJ. Rath Garri., leg. A. Prior, 1 IV 1850 K. HAITI. Port au Prince, cult., log. Fknan 7141, 31 X 1926 IJ. Dep. de 1' Antibonite, vie. Gros Morne, 235 m, leg. E.b. Leonard 9936, 18 II 1926 US. Plaine Cul-de-Sac, Port-au-Prince, leg. Lkman 7141, 31 X 1926 US. SANTO DOMINGO. Leg. Tussac FI. 5anto Domingo, cult., leg. A. y P. Lio- gier 2 IV 1976 . GUADALUPE. Basse Terre, leg. Thiebaut 505, 18 II 1876 P. MARTINIQUE. Saint Maru, leg. Rordas 12, 25 VI 1897 P. Leg. Belanger 836, 1860 P. Leg. Pl£e 669, 669a, a. 1820 P. Leg. Rivoire a. 1039 P. St. VINCENT. Leg. Guilding a. 1822 K. PANAMA. Canal /one. Summit Plant Introd„ Garri., leg. Steyermark , 6 , 7, 17 I 1935 M0. TRINIDAD. !it. Augustin Govern. Nursery, leg.Nevling 27 B, 28 VI 1966 NA. Leg. 5ieber 289, a. 1826 BM,M0,P. Leg. Fendler 240, c. 1R77-B0 K. VENEZUELA. Est. Aragua. ‘"‘aracay, cult., leg. F. Y<5pez 805, 30 XI 1953 M. GUAYANA FRANCESA.Mau , leg. Sagot 87, V 1855 BM,P. Ib., a. 1856 P. Karou- any, leg. ipse a. 1858 P. Ib.,leg. ipse 87, a. 1859 P. Cayenne, cult., leg Poiteau IV 1R24 K. SURINAME. ueg. Schweinitz, NY. Leg. Weigelt, a. 1827 L,M0. Cult., coll, indig. 1910 U. Tullekn, leg. Pulle 04, 1904 L. In horto, leg. Splitger- ber 373, XII 1837 L. Paramaribo, leg. Went 352, X 1901 U. Ib.,leg. Focke 623, VII 1842 U. BRASIL. Amazonas . Man6us, Serrari Roberto Pereira, E Aeroporto l'*an4us, 398 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 6 leg, Duarte 226 e Gantos, 24 I 1963 HB,P„ Par5. ^-ult. leg. Baker, III 1908 H. Museo '-‘oeldi, ^ardim, leg. W. A. Archer 7620, 26 VIII 1942 NA,U5. Bel6m, Horto do Museo Goelrii, leg. L<,M0 Carreira 221, 15 IX 1981 HG,P. Bahia. Cidade historica de Porto Seguro, leg. Mori et al. 13031, 20 XI 1979 CLPLAC , P. Rio de Janeiro. “-eg. Houllet 94, XI 1038 P. Sete Pontes, leg. Beaurepaire- Rohan B6, 20 IX 1B78 R. 5ebastian6polis , Horto Botan. leg. Martius ... FI,M. N0TE5 5e han descrito formas y variedades, basadas especialmente en los caracteres del fruto (morfolfigicos y de sabor), derivadas de ciertos cultivares, que no se justifican bot5nicamente . Para la ti(Sif icaci6n he seguido TttIMEN, l.c. Las bibliograf las citadas (en el gdnero y las especies) son el re- sultado de una seleccitfn; existen muchas otras publicaciones , algunas i- lustradas, de nrden en su mayor parte local. (V. VELDKAMP, 1971 para la concerniente a Malaya). BIBLIOGRAFIA BROWN, W.H., Uxalidaceae in Useful Plants of the Philippines. 2. Tech. Bull. Bureau 5ci. Manila 10: 1B4-1BB, fig. 04 - 85. 1950, KNUTH,R., Ugaliriaceae in Engler, A., Pflanzenreich .130; 1 - 481, fig. 1 -28. 1930. Leipzig. L0URTLIG, A., L'Herbier de Paul Hermann, base du Thesaurus Zeylanicus de Johan Burman. Taxon 15 (1): 23 - 33. 1966. — Oxalidaceae in Flora of Panama . Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67 (4); 023 - B50, fig. 1-4. 1981. — Oxalidaceae in REITZ, f-lora Ilustrada Catarinense 1-174, fig.l - 21, mapas. 1903. TRIMEN, H., Hermann's Ceylon herbarium and Linnaeus "Flora Zeylanica". J. Linn. 5oc. 24; 129- 155. 1087. VELDKAMP, J.F.,A Revision of Sarcotheca Bl. and Dapania Korth. (Oxalida¬ ceae ) . Blumea 15 (2): 519 - 543, fig. 1 -5 . 1967. — Oxalidaceae in STEENI5, C.G.G J. van, Flora Malesiana 7:151- 178, fig. 1-9, mapas. 1971. Leiden. 1984 399 Lourteig, Ox.cUU.dCLCtCie. extra-austroamericanae PALYNOLOGH M.-Th. Cerceau-Larrival Laboratnire de Palynoloqie, Musdum lln travail rdcent tie L.M.n.CARPEIHA et D.M, BARTH GCHATZMA YER ( 1902 ) donne quelques informations en microacopie photonioue et en nicroscopie dlectrnnique ft balayage concernant la morphologie pollinique du Genre A- yerrhoa L. , A partir de plantea cultivdes "Parque do Museo Paraense Emi¬ lio Goelci Beldm, Para". A la demande de A. LCURTEIG, spdcialiste de ce grnupe, la prdsonte note a pour but de prdciser lea caractftres palynologic;u~s qui pourraient servir de caractftres dingnostiques d'une part pour le genre Averrhna L. (qui sera comparS aux uenres Biophytum , Diapana , Oxalis et Sarcotheca) et d'autre part pour les deux espftces, A. Bilimbi L. et Caramhola L. Materiel et mdthodes Le materiel provient de 1'Herbier du Laboratoire de Phandrogamie du Musdum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Ont dtd observes: 1 dchantillon de A.. Bilinbi a fleurs ft dtanines ft filets longs et ft dtamines ft filets courts; 2 montages diffdrentB ont dt d effectuds ft partir de la nfime fleur: 28930 G A: dtamines a filets longs, 20930 G B: dtamines ft filets courts, Pari, Beldm, Hortn do Museo Emilio Goeldi, Brasil, leg. L.M.M. Carreira 221, IB IX 1961 P. 1 dchantillon de A^ Carambola ft fleurs a dtani- nes b filets longs; 1 montage: b partir de 1 'dchantillon leg. Carreira 226, preparation 20929 G. 1 dchantillon de _A. Cnranbola a ^leurs b dtanines ft filets courts ft partir de 1'dchantillon leg, Carreira 225, preparation 20920 G. Les specimens provienrent de Para Beldm, Horto do Museo Emilio Goeldi, Brasil, 8 X 1981. Les techniques utilisdes sont celles employdes couramment au Labo¬ ratoire et ddjft ddcrites dans des publications antdrieures (CERCEAO &. coll., 1970; CERCEAU-LAHRIVAL, 1971; CERCEAU-LARRIVAL & ROLAND-HE YDAC- KER, 1976). La terminologie employde est delle qui a dtd retenue au Col- loque de 1 'Association des Palynologues de langue Fran^aise et de la So- cidtd Botanique de Trance (CERCEAO-LARRI VAL coll., 1975; HIDEUX fi. FER¬ GUSON, 1975). Ce travail a dtd rdalisd grace a la collaboration technioue de A.M. VERHILLE et L. DER00ET. Rdsultats Genre Averrhoa . Pollen isopolaire, b symdtrie d'orrire 3, tricolpord, d- quiaxe ft ldgftrement longiaxe, ft forme subcirculaire ft ovale en coupe op- tique mdridienne. P (axe polaire) = 22 ft 31 urn. E (diamfetre dquatorial) = 21 ft 30 urn. P/E = 1 ft 1,2. Ectoapertures : 3 sillons longs, tou jours bien dlargis au niveau des endoapertures , pouvant avoir des bnrds dpaissis. Endoapertu- 400 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 6 res: grandes, ovales a ovales-carr£es , mal d^finies. Lxine: surface tectale perforce, a perfor^e-rSticulfie , a r6 ticulee , avec presence d'^l^nents sculpturaux dans les perforations ou les mailles du reticule, Epaisseur : 1,5 A 3 um. Structure ; Ectexine : tectum complet, A ± complet, A partiel; possibility de presence d'yiyments supretectaux (orbicules de sporopoliynine? ) ; columelles , plutot courtes; sole suppor- tant des yiyments sculpturaux A l'int^rieur des perforations ou des mail les du reticule. Endexine; mince par rapport a l'ensemble columelles-tec turn, a face interne non humogAne, pouvant meme disparaitre. Vue polaire ; subcirculaire lSgftrenent trilobAe. Espece Averrhna Bilimbi Deux cycles d'^tamines (filets longs et filets courts), sur la me¬ me fleur. Preparation 2B930 G (A) : ^famines a filets longs . Beaux pollens avec cependant queloues formes collaps^es. Pollen isopolaire, A syr-i^tTie d'ordre 3, i?quiaxe, A forme subcircu- laires en couoe optique myridienne. P = 30 um. E = 30 um. P/E = 1. Ectoapertures : 3 sillons allonges, elliptiques, s'ouvrant largement sur toute la longueur. Endoaperturen ; 3 mal dyfinies. Lxine;burface tectale ryticuiye avec plusieurs yiynents sculpturaux A 1 ' int6rieur des mailles. Epaisseur : 2,5 A 3 um. Structure : Ectexine : tec¬ tum partiel ypais, devenant plus compact vers les bords du sillon; colu¬ melles courtes;sole supportant les yiyments sculpturaux A l'intyrieur des mailles. Endexine: tres mince par rapport a l'ensemble columelles- tectum. Lst-elle discontinue? Ou bien sa fragility la fait-elle se frag- menter9 Vue polaire: subcirculaire, tres lyqArement trilobye. Planche I. M.Ph. : fig. 1 A 3 ; M.E.B. : fig. 4 a 6. Fig. 1. Vue myridienne montrant une zone interpaerturale bien ryticuiye x 1000. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Fig. 6. Fig. 7. Pollen subcirculaire en coup optique myridienne x 1000. Vue polaire subcirculaire , lyqArement trilobye x 1000. Pollen montrant une zone polaire fyduite, des ectoapertures tres longues et bien yiargies en zone yquatoriale x 2600. Dytail de la surface tectale ryticuiye avec un ou plusieurs yiy¬ ments sculpturaux a l'intyrieur des mailles du rAticule x 10000. Cassure due aux ultrassons montrant un tectum partiel ypais, des columelles courtes et trapues, et un ensemble sole— endexine trAs mince x 10000. Surface interne d'un pollen montrant que l'endexine et la sole, ne forment peut-Stre pas un ensemble continu, ou tout au moins forment un ensemble tres mince et fragile x 10000. 1984 Lourteig, Oxa^x.da.CM.2. extra-austroamericanae 401 402 PHYTOLOGIA Vol . 56, No. 6 Preparation 28930 G (B) : etaminns b filets courts . Qwelques beaux pol¬ lens en melange avec des formes collaps£es, aplaties, parfois tres de~ formees. Pollen isopolaires, a symetrie d'ordre 3, tricolpore ^ forme sub- circulaire en coupe optique meridienne, P = ?2 a 25 urn. E = 21 a 25 urn. P/E / 1. Ectoapertures : 3 sillons allonges, elliptiques, s'ouurant largemert sur toute la longueur. Endoapertures : 3 mal definies. Exine: surface tectale reticuiee, devenant reticuiee-perforee dans les zones polaires, et en bordure des ectoapertures b un ou plusieurs ele¬ ments sculpturaux b l'interieur des nalles. Epaisseur : 2 urn. Structure : Ectexine : tectum partiel epais, devenant plus compact vers les bords des sillons^ columelles courtes; sole supportant les elements sculpturaux ^ l'interieur des mailles. Endexine ; tres mince par rap¬ port b l'ensemble columelles- tectum. Vue polaire ; subcirculaire f legftrement trilobee. Planche II. M.Ph. : fig. IS 3. M.E.H. ; fig. 416. ^ig. 1 & 3. Pollen subcirculaire en vue polaire et coupe optique equa- toriales x 1000. Fig. 4. Detail de la surface tectale reticuiee avec un ou plusieurs e~ lenents sculpturaux a l'interieur des mailles du reticule x noon. Fig. 5. Pollen en vue polaire bascul6e, montrant les ectoapertures lon¬ gues et larges, une surface tectale reticuiee x 300(1. Fig. 6. Pollen montrant une zone interaperturale reticuiee, et 2 zones aperturales, celle de gauche avec l'endoaperture visible x 3000. 1984 Lourteig, OxaULidO-COjOie. extra-austroamer icanae 403 404 PHYTOLOGIA Vol . 56, No. 6 Psp^ce Averrboa Csrambola Deux types d'Stamines (filets lonqs et filets courts) sur deux 6- chantillons diff£rents„ Preparation 2B929 G : 6chantillon S fleurs & famines a filets longs . Deaucnup d'amas de pollens, nplatis, abim£s, enrobes (les fleurs n'6- taient pas ouvertes; les pollens ne sont peut-etre pas adultes ?). Pollen isopolaire, a sym6tne d'orrire 3, tricolpor6, 6quiaxe 5 16- qferement longiaxe, a forme subcirculaire eri coupe optique m6ridienne. Grande variation de taille; P = 23 & 31 - 32 urn . E = 23 a 3(J urn. P/t ji 1 . Quelques formes a 25 x 25 urn. Goto apertures : 3 sillons lonqs, eiliptiques , assez 6largies, surtout au niveau des endoapertures . Lndoapertures : ovales, mal dfifinies. Exine : surface tectale perfor6e h perfor6e-r6ticul6e , les perforarions sont remplies d'6l6ments extexinaux (1 seul), et peuvent devenir assez grandes (mailles). Epaisseur = 2 urn. Structure : extexine : tectum ± complet, muni tie perforations qui peuvent devenir importanteg (mailles) avec a l"int6rieur un ^16ment ectexinal; surface tectale, recouverte d' 6l6ments sporopoll^niques (orbicules ?) ce qui serait en faveur de la non maturit6 deg grains; columelles cpurtes et egpac6es» sole non difff*- renciable en M.E.D. de l'endexine sous- jacente . Endexine : mince par rap¬ port a l'ensemble sole-columelle-tectun, a face interne non homoq&ne. Vue polaire: subcirculaire, I6g6rement trilob^e. Planche III . M. Ph. : fig, 1 ^ 6. M.E.B. : fig. 7 h 10. Pig. 1 S 6 . Pollens subcirculaires avec diffSrentes vueg et coupes op- tioues successives, montrant une certaine duff^rence de tailles, le pollen photographi6 en 5 et 6 £tnnt plus petit x 1000. Pig. 7. Detail de surface tectale perfor6e~r6ticul6e , dans ure zone 6- quatoriale interaperturale , avec un 6l6ment sculptural dans cha- que perforation ou maille x 10000. Pig. H. Detail de surface -tectale dans une zone polaire, plus dense, per¬ force avec les 6l6ments sculpturaux cependant visibles dans cer- taines perforations x 101300. Pig. 9. Cassure due aux ultrasons montrant le tectum, les columelles trapues, et l'ensemble sole-endexine tres mince x 10000. Pig. 10. Vue d'ensemble de 2 pollens montrant la surface tectale per- for6e h perfor6e-r6ticul6e , devenant plus compacte en bordure des zones aperturales qui sont fortement Slargies a l'6quateur x 3000. 1984 Lourteig, 0xa£tdac£a£ extra-austroamer icanae 405 406 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 6 Preparation 2B92B G : fichantillon a fleurs h fitamines a filets courts. Beaucoup de grains soot en anas. II senble qu'il y ait une diffi- cultfi h leur dissociation, ce que tencirait A prouver que l'nn se trou - ve en presence de pollens steriles. Pollen isopolaire, A sym^trie d'nrrire 3, tricnlporfi, equiaxe A 1§- g&rement lnnqiaxe, a fome subcirculaire A ovale en coupe optique meri- dienne . P = 24 um . L = 20 — 21 um . P/E = 1,2. Lctoapertures : 3 sillons longs, plliptiques, s 'eiargissant au niveau des endoapertures avec un bord plus epaissi. Lndoapertures :grandes, ovales-carrfies . Exine ; surface tectale perforee A compacte vers les bnrds du sillon. Epaisseur : 1,5 A 2 un . Structure ;ect exine : tectum complet, muni de perforations, assez mince$ columelles , assez grandes, larges et espa- cees; sole , non dif ferenciable en M.E.B. de l'endexine sous- jacente. Endexine ; assez mince par rapport A l'ensemble sole-columelles-tectum, h face interne granuleuse, ± absente. Vue polaire ; subcirculaire, l^gfererent trilobee. Planche IV, M.Ph. : fig. 1 A 3 , M.E,B, : fig. 4 a 6. Piq, 1 et 2. Vue Pn coupe optique d'un grain isol6 de forme subcircu¬ laire a ovale c 1DQ0 Eiq0 3. Anas de pollens typiques de l'^chantillon examine x 1000. ^ ig. 4, Pollens agqlom£r6s et peut-§tre encore rfiunis par des tractus de gporopoll(?nine , ce qui serait en faveur de leur 5tat juve¬ nile x 1300. Fig. 5. Pollen avec une ectoaperture de face, sensiblement collaps^e, a surface ter tale perforce, devenant plus compacte en bordure des sillons x 3000. Fig. 6. Pollen en vue polaire basculSe montrant des ectoanertures lon¬ gues et larges, et une surface tectale perforce x 3000. 1984 Lourteig, Ox.cU&.da.ceM.t extra-austroamericanae 407 408 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 6 Planche V. (comaie la Planche IV, correspond aussi a A_. Carambola , a fi¬ lets courts). M. L. H. fig. 1 b 3. Fig. 1. Detail de la zone polaire montrant ne surface tectale per^or^e a compacte en bordure des ectoapertures (en has, h droite) x 10000. Fig. 2. Detail d'une zone ^guatoriale aux niveaux apertural et intera - pertural, montrant une surface tectale perforce x 1G000. Fig. 3. Cassure due aux ultrasons montrant un tectum assez mince, des columellas assez allong^es larges et espacdes, et un ensemble sole-endexine assez mince par rapport aux columelles x 20000. 1984 409 Lourteig, OKa&tdaczae. extra-austroamer icanae 410 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 6 Commentaires Taxonomiaues II faut remarquer une taille plus Slevee rlu pollen dans les 6tarm- nes a filets longs aussi bien chez A^. Bilimbi que chez Carambola : dans ce dernier cas, les pollens de petite taille observes ont des ca— ract£ristiques de jeunes pollens, ce qui laisserait supposer la non ma¬ turity de certaines diamines & filets longs. Chez A. Bilimbi, mise S part la difference de taille, les pollens provenant des deux cycles d'^tamines de la mSme fleur prysentent les mSmes caractSristiques : surface tectale r^ticul^e, sole suportant des yiSments sculpturaux, sillons elliptiques s'ouvrant largement. Chez A^ Carambola , "en plus de ia taille, les pollens des ^leurs S filets longs se distinguent des pollens des fleurs £ filets courts par une surface tectale plus a£r£e (rSticul£e & perforce avec des filaments sculptureux dans les mailles), que la surface tectale des pollens des fisure A filets courts qui est assez compacte, perforce. Tectum partiel r^ticulfi A_. Bilimbi : filets longs 30 x 30 urn; filets courts 22 & 25 x 21 a 25 urn. T ectun partiel r£ ticul£ complet perform A .Carambola : filets longs 23 A 32,5 x 23 A 30 urn. T ectum complet perform A_. Carambola : filets courts 24 x 21 um. Conclusion Cette apprnche palynologique montre qu'il est possible de distin- guer, par la surface tectale, les deux espfeces /\. Bilimbi et A^ Caram¬ bola (et particuliferement 1 'ychantillon h filets courts). Cn cela, nous rejoiqnons les observations faites chez les Ombellifferes qui nous ont ' ani^nSs & proposer des definitions palynologiques de l'esp&ce (GUYOT et col., 1980), ou les caractferes de la surface tectale sont trfcs impor- tants ) . On pourrait m§me penser, suivant les observations de LOURTEIG (1983), que l'Schantillon a filets courts de A_. Carambola & anthereB rudimentaires poss&de des pollens avort£s. Des cas similaires de ste¬ rility male ont d£crits chez Eryngjum canpestre L. (CAILLEUX et col., 1983), Petunia hybrida Hort. ex Vilm. (ROLAND— FIE VDACKER , CERCLAU -LARRIVAL, 1982). Vicia Eaba L. ( CERCEAU-LARR I VAL et col., 1982). Quant au genre Averrhoa , il se caractSrise par un pollen de forme subcirculaires a l£gferenent ovale, de petite taille (23 um), 5 taille moyenne (31 um), h sillons elliptiques, lpngs et larges, A endoapertu- res grandes, nal dfifinibs, a surface tectale perforce, S per'f'orye-ryti- culee, avec dee filaments sculpturaux dans les perforations et dans les 1984 Lourteig, OKCutcdacejl^ extra-austroainericanae 411 mailles du reticule. Unu 6tude palynologique qui fera l'objet d'une publication ult^rieu- re, permet l'^tablissement de cararteres diagncstiques pour chacun des genres : Biophytum (pollen de forme subrhomboldale , de taille plus important te, 32 A 4R um, A surface tectale r£ticul£e avec ou sans laments sculp- turaux ) . Dapania (petit pollen de 20 um.de forme ovale, h surface tectale largement r£ticul<5e avec quelques Gl^nents dans les mailles). □xalis (1) (pollen de forme subcirculaire £ ovale avec one taille r£duite chez certaines enp&cen, 20 um, piuvant atteinrire 38 h 40 um chez d'autres especes A surface tectale rsticul^e , fans £l6nents sculpturaux dans les mailles). 5arcotheca (pollen de forme subcirculaire de petite taille, 18 S 24 um a surface tectale perforce a rfiticul^e, sans Sjfiments sculpturaux). Cette Aturie permet done de ciistinguer ces genres les uns par rap¬ port aux autres, ainsi que par rapport au genre Averrhoa. Mnis, elle ne semble pas justifier la separation du genre Averrhoa de ce grnupe. En ef- fet, Averrhoa n'est pas isoie par ses caract^ristiques palynologiques qui, bien au contraire, montrent des affinitAs avec celles observes chez Biophytum , Daoanla , Uxalis et Garcotheca . HIDLIOGRAPHIE CAILLEUX, R. , CERCEAU-LARR I 7AL , M.-Th. ,HAhEL, J.L. et JOLY.P., 1903. Etu¬ de d'une station de Pleurotus erynqii DC ex fr. peuplenent de Panicauts et peuplement de pleurotes. Bull. Soc. Myc. France 99 (2): 157-202. CARRE IRA, L.M.M. e BARTH SCHATZMAYR, O.M. , 1982. Morfologia polinica de plantas cultivadas no parque do Museu Goeldi - I. G^nero Aver- rhob (Oxalidaceae ) . Bol. Mus. Paraense Emilio L*oeldi.Bo'-anica 53 (23): 1 - 10. CERCEAU-U\RR IVAL, M.-Th., 1971. Morphologic pollinique et correlations phvlog<5n£ticues chez les Ombellif&res . In The Biology and Che¬ mistry of the Umbelliferae , V.H. Heywood (Edit.). Bot. J. Linn-r Soc. Suppl. 1. 64: 109-156. — I960. Umbel 1j ferae Jur.s. Hyd rocotyloideae Drude/Hydrocntyleae Drude. World Pollen and Spore Flora 9: 33 pp. -- , HIDEUX.M. , MARCEAU.L. et ROLAND, F., 1970. Cassure du pollen aurf ultrasons pour l'6tude structurale de l'exine au microsco¬ pe 01ectronique a balayage. C.R.Acad. Sci. Paris. S£r. D 270; 66-69 (l)Une esp&ce prSsente un type de poller, different £ forme ovale en cou¬ pe optique m^ridienne, de tr&s grande taille (P«53,5 um)avec une surface tectale tout S fait particulifere "convolut£e-perfor£e" du type de celle observe chez Platysace, Ombeliffere endfimique d'Australie (CERCEAU-LARRI VAL, 1980). 412 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 6 CERCEAU-LARRIVAL, M.Th. ,AIJDRAN, J.C. .BOUILLOT, J. et DUC,G., 1982. La stf- rilit6 male nucl£o-cytoplasmique chez la F^verole ( Vicia faba L„). IV - Incidence de la stf?rilit£ nucl£o-cytoplasmique 447 sur le phenotype du pollen a l'anthftse. R£v. Cytol. Biol. V£- g£t. Le Botaniste 5 (1): 95 — 114. CERCL AU-LARRI VAL,M.-Th.& ROLAND-HEYDACKER , F. , 1976. The evolutionary si¬ gnificance of ttie ultrastructure of the exine in Umbellife - rous pollen grains. In The evolutionary significance of the exine. I . K.Ferguson and J. Muller ^Edit. ) , Linn . 5oc. Synp.ser. 1: 4B1-498. CERCEAU-LARRIVAL, M.Th. , ROLAND-HEYDACKER , F . & CARATINI.C., 1975. Struc¬ ture et terminologie de la paroi sporopollinique . Resolutions adoptSes. Colloque APLF (Paris, 1975). Soc. Dot. France. Coll. Palynologie 122 : B5-87. GUYOT.M., CERCEAU-LARRIVAL.M.Th. , CARBONNIER-JARREAU.M.C. ,DER0UET,L„ & RELOT, J., 19B[). Correlation entre types stomatiques et types polliniques dans la tribu des Caucalideae (Ombellif&res ) . Bull. Mus. Nat. Mist. Nat. Paris 4e. s6r. 2. sect. B 4 ;341- 385. HIDEUX,M. &. FERGUSON, I.K., 1975. St6r£ostructure de l'exine des Saxifra- qales: proposition d'une description logique at sch^matique . Soc. Bot. France Coll. Palynologie 122: 57-67. ROLAND-HE YDACKER, F. , CERCf AU-LARR IVAL,M.-Th.et VERHILLE ,A.M. , 1902. La stfirilit^ mSle gam^tophytique . II. Incidence de la sf^rilitd male & determinisne gamStophytique sur le phdnotype pollini- que chez le Petunia hybrida x Hort. ex Milm.tlev. Cytol. ^iol. V£g5t. Le Botaniste 5 (1): 123- 133. NEOTROPICAL MYRSINACEAE — XV Cyrus Longworth Lundell Director, Plant Sciences Laboratory The University of Texas at Dallas Richardson, Texas 75083-0688 AURICULARDISIA Lundell, Phytologia 49: 341. 1981 AURICULARDISIA EURUBIGINOSA Lundell, sp. nov. — Arbor, 15 m. ; ramuli crassiusculi , adpresse ruf o-furfuracei ; folia pallida, petiolata, petiolo canaliculato , 5 — 7 mm. longo, subtus adpresse furfuraceo; lamina chartacea, peradpresse lepidota, anguste oblongo-lanceolata , 8 — 15 cm. longa, 1.7 — 4 cm. lata, apice acuminata, basi acuta, revoluta, margine integra; inf lorescentia terminalis, paniculata, pyramidalis, ad 18 cm. longa, dense rufo- furfuracea; flores 5-meri, capitellati, subsessiles; pedicelli crassi, subnulli vel ad 2 mm. longi; sepala crassa, ovata, ca. l. 6 mm. longa, asymmetrica, auricula hyalino-ciliata, punctata, apice acuta; ovarium punctatum; fructus subglobosus, ca. 6 mm. diam. Panama: Prov. Bocas del Toro, Cordillera de Talamanca, 2 to 5 airline km. NW of the peak of Cerro Echandi on the Costa Rican- Panamanian international border, elev. 2600 — 2850 m. , March 1 — 9, 1984, £. Davidse et al. 25486 (holotype, LL) , understory tree 15 m. tall, flower buds whitish, fruit green to red to black. The leaves dry pale brownish. The petiole is reddish- furfuraceous but the blade is lepidote with small appressed scales. Noteworthy are the small heads of flowers, essentially sessile, with coriaceous obscurely punctate ovate acute sepals which are auriculate. AURICULARDISIA QUADRATUS Lundell, sp. nov. — Arbor, 4 m. ; ramuli crassiusculi, adpresse lepidoti; folia petiolata, petiolo 1 — 1.5 cm. longo, canaliculato, subtus dense lepidoto; lamina membranacea, elliptica, 11 — 15 cm. longa, 5 — 7.5 cm. lata, apice subabrupte subacuminata, basi acutiuscula, integra, nigropunctata supra glabra, subtus minute lepidota, utrinque reticulata; inf lorescentia terminalis, squarrosa, multiramosa, multiflora, minute rufo-lepidota, trichoma substipitata ; flores 5-meri, sub- corymbosi, pedicelli 3 — 5 mm. longi; sepala asymmetrica, auricu- lata, hyalina, ovato-lanceolata , ca. 2.2 mm. longa, acuta, cioliolata, dense nigropunctata; petala oblongo-lanceolata, ca. 6 mm. longa, basi connata, apice asymmetrica, acuta, hyalina, nigropunctata; stamina ca. 4 mm. longa; filamenta ca. 1 mm. longa antherae crassae, elliptico-lanceolatae , ca. 3 mm. longae, apicu- latae; ovarium ovoideum, apice truncatum, minute nigropunctatum, glabrum, stylo punctato, petala aequante. 413 414 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 6 Costa Rica: Prov. Puntarenas, foothills of the Cordillera de Talamanca, around Tres Colinas, elev. 1800 — 1850 m. , March 20, 1984, Gerrit Davidse et al. 25645 (holotype, LL) , tree 4 m. tall, petals pink, anthers yellow, fruit red to black (ripe) . The large inflorescence has strongly zigzag branches which form squares, whence the name. ICACOREA Aubl . , PI. Guian. 2: Suppl. 1. 1775 ICACOREA BEKOMIENSIS Lundell, sp. nov. — Arbor, 6 m. ; ramuli graciles, novelli minute et peradpresse lepidoti; folia petiolata, petiolo 5 — 7 mm. longo, anguste marginato, parce lepidoto; lamina subcoriacea, elliptica vel obovata, 3 — 6.5 cm. longa, 1.5 — 3.2 cm. lata, apice obtusa, basi acuta, subtus parce lepidota, integra, utrinque minute reticulato-venosa ; inflores- centia terminalis, paniculata, ad 7 cm. longa et lata, parce et minute lepidota, glabrata; flores 5-meri, umbellato-corymbosi ; pedicelli ca. 6 mm. longi, parce lepidoti; sepala parva, late ovata, 1.2 — 1.4 mm. longa, minute et dense nigropunctata, margine anguste hyalina; corolla ca. 6.5 mm. longa; petala oblonga, basi connata, lineari-venosa, parce nigropunctata; stamina 5 mm. longa; filamenta ca. 2.5 mm. longa; antherae crassae, lanceolato- oblongae, ca. 3 mm. longae, apice birimosae; ovarium glabrum, stylo ca. 6.5 mm. longo; ovula, 14, 18, parva, pluriseriata. Costa Rica: Puntarenas-Limon border. Cordillera de Talamanca, Cerro Bekom, 11 airline km. SSW of the peak of Cerro Kamuk, elev. 2600 — 2750 m. , Mar. 21, 1984, Gerrit Davidse 25710 (holotype, LL) , understudy tree 6 m. tall, petals dark pink on the back, whitish-pink on the front, filaments white, anthers yellow. I . bekomiensis and latisepala are very closely related, differing in the much smaller sepals of I. bekomiensis as well as its thicker oblongish anthers and fewer ovules. I. bekomiensis dries blackish, and its mostly elliptic leaves are rather obscurely reticulate veined on both surfaces and sparsely lepidote beneath. ICACOREA BREVIPES Lundell, sp. nov. — Arbor, 5 m. ; ramuli graciles, novelli peradpresse minute lepidoti; folia supra glabra, subtus minute peradpresse lepidota, petiolata, petiolo 3 — 6 mm. longo, anguste marginato; lamina chartacea, lanceolata, 3.5 — 7.5 cm. longa, 1.7 — 3 cm. lata, apice breviter acuminata, acumine obtusiuscula , margine integra, utrinque minute nigropunctata et reticulata; inf lorescentia terminalis, paniculata, ad 9 cm. longa et lata, basi adpresse lepidota; flores 5-meri, corymbosi; pedicelli fructiferi 1.5 — 3 mm. longi; calyx basi crassus, minute nigropunctatus ; sepala ovata, hyalina, ca. 1 mm. longa, minute punctata; fructus subglobosus, nigropunctatus; stylo ca. 3 mm. longo. 1984 Lundell, Neotropical MyA4-tnaC£a£ 415 Costa Rica: Prov. Puntarenas, foothills of the Cordillera de Talamanca, around Tres Colinas, elev. 1800 — 1850 m. , Mar. 20, 1984, Gerrit Davidse et al. 25680 (holotype, LL) , treelet 5 m. tall, fruit green with reddish tint. The branchlets and petioles dry blackish. Reticulation of the leaf blades is rather obscure but most prominent beneath where the punctation is also densest. The open inflorescences are blackish, slender-branched, and glabrous above the short lepidote peduncle. Notable are the very short pedicels which are enlarged at the base of the calyx. Sepals are small, thin, and conspicuously punctate with minute glands. Probably related to I. bekomiensis Lundell. ICACOREA DENTICULATA Lundell, sp. nov. — Arbor, ad 3 m. alta; ramuli graciles, novelli peradpresse lepidoti; folia glabra, petiolata, petiolo 5 — 8 mm. longo, canaliculato, late hyalino-marginato ; lamina chartacea, lanceolata, 7.5 — 13 cm. longa, 2.5 — 4.8 cm. lata, apice acuminata, basi acutiuscula, margine denticulata, subtus reticulata, utrinque nigropunctata ; inf lorescentia terminalis, paniculata, 5 — 10 cm. longa, parce lepidota; flores 5-meri, subcorymbosi vel umbellato-corymbosi ; pedicelli graciles, 5 — 7 mm. longi; sepala lanceolato-elliptica , ca. 1.5 mm. longa, acuta vel subacuminata, hyalina, dense et minute rubro-punctata, corolla ca. 4.6 mm. longa; petala lanceo¬ lata, basi connata, parce punctata, apice asymmetrica, acuta; stamina ca. 3.5 mm. longa; filamenta ca. 1.5 mm. longa; antherae lineari-lanceolatae ; placenta globosa; ovula 11 vel 12, pluri- seriata; fructus subglobosus, 5 — 6 mm. diam. Costa Rica: Cordillera de Tilaran, Flora de Monteverde, Comunidad, en bosque perturbado, alt. 1400 — 1500 m. , Nov. 28, 1976, V. _J. Dryer 1010 (holotype), arbol, 3 m. , flores rosado- claras. Two other collections from the same area. Dryer 873A (F) and 1246 (F) , are referable to this species. I_. denticulata resembles _I. dentata DC. of Cuba, but the latter does not have leaves reticulate beneath and prominently black punctate with rather small black glands, characteristics of I_. denticulata. The new taxon appears to be related to _I. longicaudata (Lundell) Lundell of Costa Rica, a species with mostly small lateral inflorescences. It differs also in punctation. The conspicuous hyaline margins of the petioles of _I. denticulata are distinctive. Also, its anthers are dehiscent by two small flaring apical pores. Its petals are sparsely punctate, as contrasted with the dense small reddish glands of the thin acute or acuminate sepals. ICACOREA GUANACASTENSIS Lundell, sp. nov. — Arbor, 10 m. ; rami crassi; ramuli graciles, novelli peradpresse et minute lepidoti; folia novella basi lepidota, glabrata, petiolata, petiolo 3 — 5 mm. longo, anguste marginato; lamina integra, subcoriacea, oblanceolata , 5 — 9.5 cm. longa, 2 — 4 cm. lata, apice 416 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 6 subabrupte breviter acuminata, basi acuta; inf lorescentia terminalis, paniculata, basi minute lepidota, ad 8 cm. longa, densiflora; flores 5-meri, corymbosi; pedicelli 3 — 5 mm. longi; sepala parva, ovata, 1.3 — 1.5 mm. longa, minute punctata, apice glandula aurantiaca, acutiuscula; corolla ca. 6 mm. longa; petala anguste oblongo-lanceolata , apice asymmetrica, parce lineato- punctata; stamina ca. 5 mm. longa; filamenta ca. 2 mm. longa; antherae anguste linean-lanceolatae, 3 — 3.5 mm. longae, apice attenuatae; ovarium ovoideum, minute punctatum; ovula 15 — 17, pluriseriata . Costa Rica: Prov. Guanacaste, Parque Nacional Rincon de la Vieja, the SE slopes of Volcan Santa Maria, evergreen montane forest, elev. 900 — 1200 m. , Jan. 27 — 28, 1983, G. Davidse et al. 23307 (holotype, LL) , tree 10 m. tall, petals white, pedicels pink. I. guanacastensis is closely related to Icacorea Whitei (Lundell) Lundell, a species with anthers thick, shorter, not tapering to apex, and drying blackish. The longer anthers of guanacastensis are pallid, very slender, and dehiscent by two small flaring apical pores. Petals of the latter have very slender and fewer lineate glands and apically are mostly epunctate, the glands being very small and few when present. In this species complex differences in the anthers appear to have significance. ICACOREA GUINEALENSIS Lundell, sp. nov. — Arbor, 10 m. ; ramuli graciles, glabrati; folia glabra, petiolata, petiolo marginato, 1 — 1.3 cm. longo; lamina chartacea, anguste oblongo- oblanceolata , 10 — 21 cm. longa, 3.5 — 5.5 cm. lata, apice sub¬ abrupte breviter acuminata, basi obtusiuscula, marginata, subtus subtiliter venosa, supra foviolata, integra; inf lorescentia terminalis, paniculata, pyramidalis, ad 15 cm. longa, basi per- adpresse et minute lepidota; flores 5-meri, corymbosi; pedicelli fructiferi graciles, apice clavati, 8 — 9 mm. longi; sepala lanceolato-elliptica, 2.5 — 3 mm. longa, punctata, margine hyalina; fructus subglobosus, punctatus. Costa Rica: Prov. Puntarenas, foothills of the Cordillera de Talamanca, vicinity of Helechales, along the Rio Guineal, elev. 1100 — 1200 m. , March 29, 1984, Gerrit Davidse & G. Herrera Ch. 26215 (holotype, LL) , tree 10 m. tall, along river bank, berries black. In fruit, the plant is essentially glabrous. Although the pedicels of fruits are slender, they are enlarged below the calyx. The rather large sepals are thin with the glands inconspicuous. The oblong-oblanceolate leaf shape is distinctive, with the apex short acuminate and the base decurrent and marginate on the petiole. Probably related to Icacorea polydacty la (Lundell) Lundell and Icacorea polyantha (Lundell) Lundell, both from Costa Rica. 1984 LundelL, Neotropical flt/Ai-tHacene. 417 ICACOREA LATISEPALA Lundell, sp. nov. — Arbor, 7 in.; ramuli graciles, novelli peradpresse lepidoti; folia parva, supra glabra, subtus parce et minute lepidota, petiolata, petiolo 5 — 7 mm. longo, canaliculato ; lamina coriacea, integra, obovato- elliptica vel oblanceolata, 4.5 — 7.5 cm. longa, 2 — 3.5 cm. lata, apice obtusa, basi acuta; inf lorescentia terminalis, paniculata, dense et multiflora, ad 8 cm. longa et lata, glabrata; flores 5-raeri, corymbosi; pedicelli 5 — 7 mm. longi; sepala crassa, ovata, 2 — 2.3 mm. lata et longa, apice obtusa vel rotundata, dense et minute aurantiaco-punctata vel nigropunctata , margine anguste hyalina; corolla ca. 7.5 mm. longa; petala anguste lanceolata, basi connata, apice asymmetrica, lineari-venosa et punctata; stamina ca. 5 mm. longa; filamenta ca. 2.5 mm. longa; antherae lanceolatae, ca. 3 mm. longae, apice birimosae; ovarium ovoideum, apice subtruncatum, stylo ca. 8 mm. longo; ovula parva, ca. 28, pluriseriata. Panama: Prov. Bocas del Toro, Cordillera de Talamanca, 8 airline km. NW of the peak of Cerro Echandi on the Costa Rican- Panamanian international border, elev. 2800 — 2900 m. , Mar. 4 & 9, 1984, G. Davidse et al . 25279 (holotype, LL) , common understory tree 7 m. tall, petals pink without, pinkish-white within, filaments and style white, anthers bright yellow. The numerous small ovules, the large flowers with filaments subequaling anthers, the linear -veined petals with scattered mostly rounded glands, the broadly ovate thick sepals densely punctate with minute mostly orange glands, and the glabrous inflorescences drying blackish are among the features distinguish¬ ing this taxon. ICACOREA TRIANGULA Lundell, sp. nov. — Arbor, 5 m. ; ramuli graciles et crassiusculi , novelli lepidoti; folia subtus lepidota, glabrata, petiolata, petiolo 3 — 5 mm. longo, anguste marginato; lamina subcoriacea, parvipunctata, elliptica, 3.5 — 7.5 cm. longa, 2.5 — 4 cm. lata, apice subabrupte breviter acuminata, basi acutiuscula, supra glabra, margine integra; inf lorescentia terminalis, paniculata, pyramidalis, multiflora, ad 11 cm. longa, novella parce lepidota, basi dense minute lepidota; flores 5-meri, corymbosi; pedicelli 3 — 6 mm. longi; sepala late ovata, 1.8 — 2 mm. longa, margine minute ciliolata, late hyalina, in medio crasso- triangula, minute punctata, glandula apice aurantiaca, basi nigropunctata; corolla 6.5 — 7 mm. longa; petala elliptico- lanceolata, basi connata, parce punctata, apice asymmetrica; stamina ca. 6 mm. longa; filamenta ca. 2 mm. longa; antherae lanceolatae, 4 — 4.5 mm. longae, apice birimosae; ovarium ovoideum, glabrum, stylo ca. 6 mm. longo, punctato; placenta subglobosa, ovula parva, 27, 29, pluriseriata. Costa Rica: San Jose, Patarra, Cerro El Espino (Alto Mata de Caha-Azahar) , elev. 1600 — 1800 m. , Nov. 13, 1983, G. Herrera I. A. Chacon 1579 (holotype, LL) , arbolito de 5 m. de alto, caliz rojiso, corola bianco rosado, estambres amarillos, frutos lilas . 418 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 6 Icacorea triangula resembles Icacorea rigidif olia (Lundell) Lundell from the Province of Code, Panama. I. triangula differs notably in its larger flowers, especially the larger ovate sepals which have a well defined triangular glandular area medially and a wide hyaline margin. The sharply triangular area of the sepals is unique, whence the specific name. MYRSINE L., Linn. Syst. ed. I (1735); Gen. ed. I. 54 (1737) MYRSINE NIGRESCENS Lundell, sp . nov. — Arbor, 6 m. ; ramuli graciles, glabri, lenticellati; folia petiolata, petiolo 5 — 7 mm. longo, canaliculato , margine villoso-ciliato ; lamina chartacea, oblonga vel oblanceolata , 5 — 9 cm. longa, 1.5 — 2.8 cm. lata, apice acuminata, basi attenuata, acuta, revoluta, margine ciliata, glabrata, nigropunctata , utrinque reticulata, integra; flores 5-meri, fasciculati; pedicelli fructiferi crassi, 1 — 2 mm. longi; calyx crassus, rugosus; sepala crassa, ovata, ca. 1 mm. longa, ciliolata; fructus punctatus. Panama: Prov. Bocas del Toro, Cordillera de Talamanca, headwaters of the Rio Culubre, 6 airline km. NW of the peak of Cerro Echandi on the Costa Rican-Panamanian international border, elev. 2450 — 2600 m. , March 2 — 3, 1984, (I. Davidse et al. 25239 (holotype, LL), slender tree 6 ra. tall, fruit green. This is a well-marked species, with leaves much paler beneath and blackened above. Its stems and petioles blacken when dried. The margin of the petioles and the basal third of the leaf blades are ciliate with conspicuous villous-like hairs, the leaf is otherwise glabrous at maturity except along the midvein. Both surfaces of the leaf, especially beneath, are reticulate- veined and black punctate with small scattered glands. The fruits are fasciculate on old wood on small elevated black bracteate nodules. The lenticellate stems are conspicuous with large lenticels. MYRSINE VERAE-CRUCIS Lundell, sp . nov. — Arbor, 5 m. ; ramuli crassiusculi , glabri; folia glabra, subsessilia vel petiolata, petiolo ad 8 mm. longo, rugoso, marginato; lamina parva, coriacea, obovata, 2.5 — 7.5 cm. longa, 1.5 — 3.5 cm. lata, apice late obtusa vel rotundata, basi acuta, marginata, revoluta, integra, minute punctata; flores 5-meri, fasciculati, glabri; pedicelli fructiferi crassi, 0.5 — 1 mm. longi; sepala crassa, elliptica vel ovato- elliptica, ca. 1 mm. longa, acutiuscula, minute punctata; fructus subglobosus, ca. 4 mm. diam. , rugosus. Mexico: Veracruz, Mun. Alvarado, en el km. 22 de la carretera Veracruz-Alvarado , alt. 20 m. , May 21, 1977, Juan Ismael Calzada 3200 (holotype, F; isotype, XAL) , arbol, 5 m., fruto verde. Growing at sea level. My r sine verae-crucis is related to Myrsine mexicana (Lundell) Lundell, a montane species of which the 1984 Lundell, Neotropical HytiA-inactiie. 419 type collection was made by Eizi Matuda in Chiapas, on Pico de Loro near Escuintla. They differ in leaf shape, length of fruiting pedicels, and in shape of sepals. Both taxa have flowers fasciculate on short, crowded, bracteate, lateral spurs. In M. verae-crucis the young tender leaves are ciliolate with reddish hairs. A NEW SPECIES OF EUONYMUS (CELASTRACEAE) FROM MEXICO Cyrus Longworth Lundell EUONYMUS PLATYPHYLLUS Lundell, sp. nov. — Arbor, 6m.; ramuli graciles, quadrangulares , glabri; folia petiolata, petiolo 3.5 — 5 mm. longo, canaliculato; lamina chartacea, glabra, late elliptica, 6.5 — 12 cm. longa, 4.2 — 7 cm. lata, apice subabrupte breviter-acuminata basi subrotundata et acutiuscula, utrinque reticulata, crenulata, pallide viridia; cymae 1 — 3-florae, terminales; pedunculi teretes; pedicelli fructiferi teretes, ca. 4 mm. longi, crassi; sepala 1.3 — 2 mm. lata; capsula tuberculata. Mexico: Veracruz, Estacion Biologica de los Tuxtlas, selva alta perennifolia , Sept. 8, 1971, Juan Ismael Calzada 494 (holotype, XAL; xerox, LL) , arbol 6 m. , escasa. This species with broadly elliptic leaves, finely reticulate on both surfaces, and with small few-flowered terminal cymes less than 1 cm. long, is known only from a specimen with immature tuberculate capsules. ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS LJPPJA. XIX Harold N. Moldenke LJPPJA ALBA (Mill.) N. E. Br. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 56: 359--364. 1984. Additional citations: CULTIVATED: Puerto Rico: Stnte.tU.4 786b (W -- 1322919); J. A. S^evenion 5229 (W — 1475356). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: D. S. & H. B. Correll, FI. Bahama Arch. 1235, fig. 531. 1982 (Ld) ; Alain in Leon & Alain, FI. Cuba, imp. 2, 2: 288, fig. 124. 1974 (Ld) ; Troncoso in Burkart, FI. Ilust. Entre Rios 274, fig. 129. 1979 (Ld) ; Lopez-Palacios , FI. Venez. Verb. [420], fig. 98. 1977 (Ld) . LJPPJA ALBA var. CARTERAE Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 157--158. 1981. Additional citations: MEXICO: Baja California: CdTttCA & Fc44t-4 3864 (Me--116644--isotype , W — 2539499 — isotype) . LJPPJA ALBA var. GLOBJELORA (L'HeV.) Mold. Additional bibliography: D. Dietr., Syn. PI. 3: 596, 597, & 610. 1843; Walp. , Repert. Bot. Syst. 4: 53 — 54 & 69. 1845; F. Muell., Sec. Syst. Census Austral. PI. 1: 171. 1889; Millsp. , Field Columb. Mus. Publ. Bot. 1: 317. 1896; F. M. Bailey, Compreh. Cat. Queensl. PI. 382. 1913; Hubert, Trav. Lab. Mat. Med. Fac. Pharm. 13: [Verb. Util. Mat. Med.] [31] & 42--44 . 1921; Angely, S. Amer. Bot. Bibl. 2: 678. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 48: 158. 1981; Reis & Lipp, New PI. Sources Drugs 252. 1982; Mold., Phytologia 56: 363. 1984. Recent collectors describe this plant as a small, sparsely branched, very fragrant shrub, 1 — 1.6 m. tall, or shrubby forb, and have found it growing in the clay and mud soil of riverine forests, in cutover woodland and scrub with open patches of grass in sandy soil, , in pastures, and on riverbanks, at 300 m. altitude, in flower in October and No¬ vember. Steinbach, in Bolivia, refers to it as "scarce"; Casas & Mo- lero, in Paraguay, encountered it "al borde de la pista en matorral ralo". The vernacular name, "salva", is reported. The corollas are said to have been "rose" on F e.44£X.4a 158, "purple" on psiance & at. 26091 and SC-kaULun. 271, "purplish" on SckattUK 247, and "mauve, yellow in the throat" on Rcnvotzc 3283 & 3656. Reis & Lipp (1982) report that in Peru a tea is made from the leaves and used to counteract the effects of purgatives, in Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) it is cultivated for medicinal use but is found only rarely in an indigenous state there, and in Bolivia it is employed "tomadas en infusion por los nativos para purificar la sangre y como bebida estimu- lante. " Additional citations: BRAZIL: Mato Grosso: PfianCt, Sckattta, & CfiOW- tkaw 26091 (N) ; SahaJULun. 247 (N) , 271 (N) . BOLIVIA: Cochabamba: R. F. Stztnbach 413 (Mi). Paraguay: Cato* & \Kotz.n.o EC. 3607 (n) . Argentina: Chaco: RcnvOtZC 3656(W — 2894525). Misiones: Rc.nv0k.ZC 3283 (W — 2894526). CULTIVATED: Brazil: Fe44Ck4a 158 (Ld) . 420 1984 Moldenke, Notes on LLppta I 421 LIPPIA ALBA f. INTERMEDIA Mold., Phytologia 50: 469. 1982. Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 50: 469 (1982), 52: 114--119 (1982), 54: 233, 236, & 240 (1983), and 56: 361 & 363. 1984. Recent collectors refer to this plant as an herb, subshrub, or peren¬ nial aromatic shrub, 0.8 — 2 m. tall, a "shrub or climber to 1 m." (ac¬ cording to Balslev & Dea) , or a "shrubby 1 m. vine with a 1 — 2 cm. basal stem diameter, at first ascending, then atching over to the ground, from a basal rootstock" (according to Traverse) . Other collec¬ tors refer to the branches as scandent, 1 m. long, and the foliage as membranous and lemon-scented. They have found the plant growing in sandy-clay soil, in low ground, and shady spots as an understory shrub, at 15 — 1350 m. altitude, in flower in January, March to September, and November, and in fruit in January, March, and May to September. Daly and his associates found it, in Bolivia, "in a dry forest near the river in a large flat valley regenerating after the 1979 floods which killed all but a few of the large trees". Jimenez refers to it as abun¬ dant on riverbanks in the Dominican Republic, while Fryxell, in Tamau- lipas. Mexico, describes it as "rare in thorn scrub and disturbed ground around lakesides with grazed areas". Hill reports it as es¬ caped from cultivation in Amazonas, Brazil. T zppne.fl 81/453 was grown from the seeds of his 8t/ 226 collected at Pasco, Peru and herein cited as representing the typical form of the spe¬ cies — it is accompanied by a color slide. CouV t&K 1 13/364 is a mix¬ ture with the typical form. The corollas are described as having been "rose" on H&atngta & at. 49 7, Jijn&YKLZ 2685, and LiogtzK & LtogteA 27660, "rose with a yellow center" on Jacquejntn 1506, "pale-lavender" on Ptoi/Jman £ Caavatho 1 2788, "lavender" on EayxelZ 3717 and Leonard & Le.omad 12442, "lavender with a yellow center" on Ta.ave.a6e. 1169, "pale-lilac" on CuaXae.ca6a6 27288, "lilac" on Doty & at. 2227 and LLta 303, "lilac with a yellow center" on HWL l at. 1 2899, "pink" on Le.omad & Ltomad 15470, "pink-purple" on Le.omad & Le.om.ad 15470, "purple" on Standte.y 39605, and "pale- purple with a yellow center on Paance. £ at. 16311. Vernacular names reported for the form are "calenturapanga" , "cedrera", "erva cidreira", "erva-cidreira" [=medicinal calamante] , "hierba luisa", "hoja de calentura", "juanalama", and "oregano". The plant contains, chiefly in its leaves, an essential oil which, in Brazil, is regarded as medicinal and taken as a tea with sugar; in Martinique it is employed as a pectoral. In Costa Rica, according to Standley, it is used to treat stomach-ache, while in Haiti the Leonards report its use as a medicinal tea by the natives and its cultivation "for hotel use". In Ecuador Balslev & Dea report its use in the treatment of fevers and grippe, "se hierve una rama y esta bebida se toma". Daly and his associates describe the bracts as "white". Material of this form has been cited by me in previous papers (be¬ fore the recognition of this form) as typical LLppta atba (Mill.) N. E. Br. and has been so identified in many herbaria. It has also been misidentif ied in herbaria as Ltppta gemtnata H.B.K., Lantam tnvotucaata l., Lantana tat^otta l., Larvtana sp., Mett66a sp., and even as Compo6- tXae.- Additional & emended citations: TEXAS: Cameron Co.: J. M. Cout£e.a 422 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 6 1 13/364 in part (W — 81918). Hidalgo Co.: T HOO eHi> £ 1169 (W — 2339895). MEXICO: Puebla: Reko 4236 (W — 988723). San Luis Potosx: PuHpu6 5289 (W — 463850). Tamaulipas: F Hyxell 3717 (Ld) ; Edw. PoJjneH 102 (W — 463038); Pndngle 1960 (W— 81846) . GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz: PldldeH 290 (W— 472952) ; Tlinckkedm 11.2241 (W— 1322915). Soldi: Shannon 134 (W — 1322922). NICARAGUA: Province undetermined: C. Olndghd i> .n. , Mendonga., Penedna, SaJLLeJ> , STJva, i Paula 497 (N) ; Plouman i Canvalko 12788 (F — 1916408, N) . Costa Rica: P. C. Slandley 39605 (W — 1228716). Haiti: LeonaHd i Ltonand 6.n. (W — 1451028). Tortue: Leonand i Leonand 15470 (n, w — 1453734). LIPPlk ALBA f. MACROPHVLLA Mold., Phytologia 50: 469. 1982. Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 50: 469 (1982) and 52: 118 & 119. 1982. Collectors have encountered this plant at altitudes of 400 — 450 m. , in both flower and fruit in January. On the island of Tortue it is known as "melisse". In Haiti, according to the Leonards, it is cultivated and used for making tea; in a hotel there they found it combined with orange to make "bon pom tea". Material of this form has been misidentif ied and distributed in herbaria as Landana sp. and l/enbena sp. Citations: HISPANIOLA: Haiti: E. C. Leonand 9399 (W— 1300533) . HISPANIOLAN OFFSHORE ISLANDS: Tortue: LeOnOHd i Leonand 11507 (W — 1450442). PARAGUAY: Malmt 902 (W — 1124355). CULTIVATED: Haiti: Elman H.8282 (Ld — photo of type, w — 1413001 — type); Leonand i Leo- nand 1 2324 (w— 1451105) . L1PPJA ALBA f. SCABRA Mold., Phytologia 50: 469. 1982. Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 50: 469 (1982) and 56: 115. 1982. Collectors have described this plant as having a strong mint odor, growing from long, rooting suckers, along streamsides. They have found it in flower in March and December and in fruit in Decem¬ ber. Mexia described the corollas as "lilac" in color when fresh and reports the Mexican vernacular name, "alfombrillo" . Material of this form has been distributed in herbaria as Ldppla gendnada h.b.k., Ldppda gerrdnada var. mdcAophylla Griseb., and Landa¬ na Invotucnada l. 1984 Moldenke, Notes on lUpp-ia 423 Citations: MEXICO: Colima: Edit}. PaJCmCA 1303 (Ld — photo of type, W — 208858 — type). Jalisco: Mexxa 7 929 (W — 1317921); E. W. NelAOn 6520 (W— 399111). LIPPIA ALNIF0LIA Schau. Additional & emended bibliography: Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pf lanzenf am. , ed. 1, 4 (3a): 152. 1895; Mold., Phytologia 48: 158. 1981. LIPPIA AMERICANA l. Additional & emended bibliography: Walp. , Repert. Bot. Syst. 6: 688. 1847; Bocq., Adansonia, ser. 1, 3: [Rev. Verbenac.] 244. 1863; Savage, Cat. Linn. Herb. Lond. 109. 1945; Mold., Phytologia 48: 158 — 159 (1981), 54: 233 & 235 (1983), 55: 115 (1984), and 56: 363. 1984. Recent collectors describe this plant as a much-branched shrub, 2.5 — 3 m. tall, the stems 4 — 5 cm. in diameter at the base, the bark light, and the branches elongated and drooping. They have encoun¬ tered it at 80 — 900 m. altitude, in flower in May and both in flower and fruit in February. The corollas are described as having been "yellow" on Ga.tiCsCa.-Ba.KnA.ga 21119 and "greenish-white" on Edcoban. 1332 i The vernacular name, "velita", has been reported. Material of this taxon has been misidentif ied and distributed in some herbaria as L-ippAA ge/rvinata H.B.K. Additional citations: PANAMA: Los Santos: Qbt&n^cJLd 30 (W — 120889). COLOMBIA: Atl^ntico: Vugand 6188 (W — 2457462). Boyaca: Gan.Csia-Ban.tu.ga 21119 (W — 2957931). Magdalena: Hauglvt 6726 (w — 2046309). ECUADOR: El Oro: E 6C0baK 1332 (Au) . MOUNTED ILLUSTRA¬ TIONS: Poir. in Lam., Tabl. Encycl. Meth. Bot. 3: pi. 539. 1819 (Ld) ; Troncoso, Darwiniana 18: 333, fig. 9. 1974 (Ld) . LIPPIA AMERICANA f. HVVTOWES (Benth.) Mold. Additional bibliography: Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 6: 688. 1847; Mold., Phytologia 48: 159 (1981) and 54: 235. 1983. Llatas encountered this plant at 30 m. altitude, in flower in October, and describes the corollas as "yellowish-green". Additional citations: PERU: Lambayeque: LtaXaA Q. 842 (Ld) . MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Benth., Pi. Hartw. 122. 1842 (W) . LIPPIA AMERICANA f. P1L0SA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 159. 1981. Recent collectors describe this plant as a shrub, 1.5--2 m. tall, the stems tetragonal, the leaves aromatic, and the bracts green. The corollas are described as having been "white" on all 4 of the collections cited below. The plant has been found growing in deciduous and much disturbed dry forests, at altitudes of 50 — 100 m. , in both flower and fruit in October and November. The vernacular name, "canallita de venado" has been reported for this plant. Additional citations: PANAMA: Herrera: P. H. KLLcn 1094 (W — 1794964); HamdL 5292 (E— 2889960). VENEZUELA: Zulia: Buntsing 8256 424 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No- 6 (Ld) ; Bunting, GaJLui, HuceXtz, & HubeA 1 1854 (Ld) ; Nuc&tte. 83 (Ld) . MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: LcSpez-Palacios, FI. Venez. Verb. [426], fig. 99. 1977 (Ld). LIPPIA ANTAICA Loes. & Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 159. 1981. Additional citations: PERU: Cuzco: WebeAba.U.2A 5 918 (W--1495381 — isotype) . LIPPIA ARECHAVALETAE Mold. Additional bibliography: Angely, S. Amer. Bot. Bibl. 2: 670. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 48: 160 (1981) and 50: 250. 1982. Recent collectors have found this plant growing in dry rough grassland and matorral, in flower in February and November. The corollas are described as having been "yellow" on both collections cited below. The Paraguay record for this species, based on F te.b'vig 6493, given by me in a previous installment of these notes is erroneous. The Fiebrig collection actually is L. ttguLLfalKa. Briq. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul: Pe.d2A4£n 12575 (N) . ARGENTINA: Corrientes: K.fiapovi.cka.8 & CnJ.i>t6baJt 14848 (Ws) . MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Troncoso in Burkart, FI. Ilustr. Entre Rios 5: 279, fig. 132. 1979 (Ld) . LIPPIA AREC HAVA LET AE var. MJCROPHYLLA Mold. Additional bibliography: Angely, S. Amer. Bot. Bibl. 2: 670. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 48: 160. 1981. LIPPIA ASPERRIMA Cham. Additional bibliography: Angely, S. Amer. Bot. Bibl. 2: 666. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 48: 160 — 161, 268, & 269 (1981) and 50: 249 & 269. 1982. Recent collectors describe this plant as a perennial herb, to 30 cm. tall, with erect wiry stems and the flowers borne in dense heads. They have found it growing in gravel and mud of cleared riverbanks in standing water, at 15--700 m. altitude, in flower in October and November. The corollas are said to have been "yellow" on Rg.nV0k.Z2. 2883 and Venturi 7359 and "orange-yellow" on Rg.nv0tze 3371 . Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Chaco: J04gC.n.6G.n 2631 (W — 1055233). Corrientes: Kfiapoviakai , CfitbtobaJL, & ScfUnini 26496 (Ws) . Entre Rios: Re.nV0k.ze 2883 (N, W — 2894510). TucumAn: RenV0k.ze 3371 (N, W — 2894516); VHYltuHA. 7359 (W — 1440923). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Troncoso in Burkart, FI. 'Ilustr. Entre Rios 5: 276, fig. 130, 1 — x. 1979 (Ld) . LIPPIA ASPERRIMA f. ANGUSTIFOLIA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 160 — 161 (1981) and 50: 249 & 269. 1982. Recent collectors have encountered this plant in "black earth" soil in hilly medium-dry grasslands, in flower in March and October. The corollas are said to have been "orange-yellow" when fresh on the Schinini collection cited below. 1984 Moldenke, Notes on Ltppta 425 Material of this taxon has been misidentif ied and distributed in some herbaria, and even cited by me in a previous installment of these notes, as typical L. aAp&fitiima. Cham., as well as L. t'u.itii Briq. and L. taKncit^olXa var. anguAta Kuntze. Additional & emended citations: PARAGUAY: SchA.HA.tvi 4307 (Ld) . ARGENTINA: Corrientes: PcdCKACn 6108 (W — 2410684), 9650 (N) . LIPPIA ASPERRIMA var. LONG! PEVUNCU LATA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 161 & 269. 1981. The corollas are described as having been "yellow" on the collec¬ tion cited below. Additional citations: PARAGUAY: CaAOA & MottKO PC. 3660 (E — 2978883) . LIPPIA BAHIENSIS Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48 : 161. 1981. Recent collectors describe this plant as a branched subshrub, 50 cm. tall, and have encountered it in sandy soil of campo rupestre, at 2900 feet altitude, in anthesis in January and May. The corollas are said to have been "rose" in color on the Hatschbach collection and "lilac" on the one of King & Bishop. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Ha.fiX.Cy 1 5027 (W — 2791563-- isotype) ; HaXAchbach 46446 (Ld) ; K.tng £ BiAhop 8605 (w — 2922468) . LIPPIA BALANSAE Briq. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 161. 1981. Recent collectors describe this plant as a fragrant shrub or sub¬ shrub, 1 — 2 m. tall, branched, and have found it growing in riverine forests and along railroad tracks on campo sujo, at 300 — 310 m. al¬ titude, in flower in December and February. The corollas are de¬ scribed as having been "lilac" in color when fresh on CaAOLA £ UotCKO PC. 5896, "lilac, with the interior of the tube yellow" on HaXAchbach 43670, and "white, rose, & yellow" on Ca.Aa.A £ SchXnini 7434. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Mato Grosso: HaXAch.ba.ch 46141 (Ld) . Paraguay: Cclaoa £ WoIcko PC. 5733 (N) , PC. 5896 (N) ; CaAaA & SchXninA. 7434 (N) ; HaXAchbach 43670 (w— 2932032) ; SchXtvini 22932 (Ld) . MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Troncoso, Darwiniana 12: 269, pi. 2. 1961 (Ld) . LIPPIA BAUM I I Gtirke Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 161. 1981. The PhXtZXpA 3235, distributed as Lippia. bauirUX, actually is La.nta.na. mcaKnAiX var. congolcnAiA Mold. LIPPIA BO LI l/I ANA Rusby Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 162. 1981. Additional citations: BOLIVIA: Cochabamba: M. Ba.ng 979 (W — 62140 — isotype) . LIPPIA B0 LI (/I AN A var. AUGUSTA Moltf. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 162. 1981. Additional citations: BOLIVIA: Cochabamba: R. F. StcXnba.ch 191 ( Ws- 426 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 6 isotype) . LIPPIA BRACTEOSA (Mart. & Gal.) Mold. Additional synonymy: Li.ppA.OL nuJon Rob. & Greenm. ex Mold., Phy- tologia 54: 243 in syn. 1983. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 163 (1981) and 54: 243. 1983. Recent collectors describe this plant as a shrub, 2 m. tall, and have found it growing in open brushy and dry mountainous woods, on creek banks, in tropical deciduous forests with Hauya, EupkoKbia, Vio6pyKOi> , Ce.dKetta, T Kickitia , and HeJU.OCjOK.pULi,, on dry flats with SoboJL and tropical deciduous forest and ByKi>Onimo-CuKaXeJLta savannas, and on steep slopes with Que.KCUi> , Juyu.pe.Kui,, 8 uKi>e.KO, Ipomoeo, and H eJLLo COKpui, , at 800 — 1600 m. altitude, in both flower and fruit in March, October, and December. The corollas are said to have been "yellow" when fresh on BKC&dtovc 42119 and BKe.e.dtove. & McCtinXock 23735. It is worth noting that the leaves are all especially narrow on PuKpui, 146, while on M iKOnda 4937 the heads are somewhat larger than is usual in this species. Material of Lippia bKOcXe.0i>O has been misidentif ied and distrib¬ uted in some herbaria as LonXana sp. On the other hand, the (Oe.bi>te.K BKe.ckon 16201 and 0Je.bi>te.K, M ltte.K, & UiZZe.K 1 1443, distributed as Lippia bKacXe.oi>a, actually are L. gKave.ote.ni, h.b.k., while Rzedou)- i>ki 17649 is L. inopinota Mold., ConzoJJU. 3202, Magattami, 310, and Re.ko 3579 are L. mcvaugki Mold., MaJuda 28483 is LanJana gtondutoi,- ii>i>ima Hayek, and Longman 2134 is Lantana veJLuJU.no Mart. & Gal. Additional citations: MEXICO: Chiapas: BKe.e.dtove. 23049 (Me — 230372), 421 19 (Me— 246443) ,- 8 Ke.e.dtove. i McClintock 23735 (Me— 221013) ; BKe.e.dlove. & JkoKne. 30534 (Me — 224575) ; Goldman 893 (w — 470694); M iKando 4937 (Me — 71048). Oaxaca: 8 Ke.e.dtove. 35923 (Me — 293035); ConzaJJU. 4248 (W— 1082289) ; Licbmann 11268 (W— 1315072) ; N eJLi,on 1637 (w— 250210) ,• PKingle. 6175 (w— 1418115) ,- PuKpui, 146 (w— 1265526), 380 (W— 1265664) ; Roi>e. i Roi,Z 1 1368 (W— 454158) ; SelCK & Sete.K 4842 (W — 1206021) . Puebla: PuKpui, 2570 (W — 840563). MOUNTED DESCRIPTIONS: Mart. & Gal., Bull. Acad. Roy. Brux. , ser. 1, 11 (2): 326. 1844 (W) . LIPPIA BRAVE! Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 163. 1981. The HaJi, chbach & GuimoKaei, 42383, cited by me in a previous paper and distributed to herbaria as L. bKodeU., actually represents L. iniignii Mold, instead. LIPPIA BROMLEYANA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 163. 1981; Silva & Mori, Cent. Pesq. Cacau Bol. Teen. 89: 9 & 64. 1981; Mold., Phyto¬ logia 50: 214—215, 247, & 249. 1982. Collectors describe this plant as a shrub from "often less than 1" to 4 m. tall or a sprawling subshrub, the stems (when erect) spindly, leaves coriaceous to slightly fleshy, aromatic, bright-green and undulate above, mostly flat and generally rather pale-green 1984 MoLdenke, Notes on LZppZd 427 beneath, the bracts spreading, pale-green with a pinkish tinge, and the flower-buds pink. They have found the plant growing in areas of campo rupestre and caatinga, on dunes, and among rocks in sandy areas by rivers, at 900 m. altitude, in flower in February and May. The corollas are described as having been "rose" on CdfivaZ.h.0 i PZowmdn 1543, "violet" on M 0>u., Boom, & CdfivdZko 14044, and "with a pale-lilac almost white limb and darker pinkish-purple tube, the throat yellow" on Hd^iZzy 22835. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: CdKVdZh.0 & PZouimdn 1543 (Ld) ; HduZzy, Btiomlty, CdKooZho , NuneA, Hagc, & Santo6 -in HdfiZty 22835 (w— 2962835); Mo'll, Boom, & CddvdZko 14044 (Ld, N). LIPPIA BROMLEYANA var. HATSCHBACH11 Mold., Phytologia 50: 214 — 215. 1982. Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 50: 214 — 215, 247, & 249. 1982. Material of this variety has been misidentif ied and distributed in some herbaria as LdnZdnd fidduZd Sw. Citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: HdCichbdch & KdApeA 41663 (Ld — type). LIPPIA CALLICARPAEPOLIA h.b.k. Additional & emended bibliography: D. Dietr., Syn. Pi. 3: 599. 1843; Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 6:688. 1847; Bocq., Adansonia, ser. 1, 3 [Rev. Verbenac.]: 244. 1863; Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pf lanzenfam. , ed. 1, 4 (3a): 152. 1895; Hubert, Trav. Lab. Mat. M^d. Fac. Pharm. Paris 13: [Verb. Util. Mat. M^d.] 2. 1921; Mold., Phyto¬ logia 48: 163 — 164 (1981), 50: 241 (1982), and 52: 117 & 118. 1982. Recent collectors describe this species as a shrub, 0.5 — 2.5 m. tall, a suf frutescent herb, or even as a tree, 8 m. tali, with a resinous odor, the old stems to 2 inches in diameter, and the bracts "pale" or pink to rose-pink or purplish-violet. They have found it growing in oak or oak-pine forests, in volcanic rubble fields, on dry rolling hills, at the edge of woods, in acahual, on wet slopes, in open or low spiny deciduous woods, on dry slopes, and in low open matorral, at 500 — 2500 m. altitude, in both flower and fruit from November to January. The corollas are described as having been "yellow" on FoZAOm i dZ. 7147 , "orange" on HZnZon 1456 and SZiiUAy t Rob^dtA 36 97, and "rose-pink" on H-iZZtK & dZ. 46 9 [this probably is a mis-observa- tion of the floral bracts, not the corollas] . The vernacular names, "secaleche" and "tabaquillo" , are recorded. Stuessy & Roberts, in Mexico, refer to the species as "common" and Maurice uses the same term to describe it in Panama. The Saruk- han collection, cited below, is placed here tentatively — it is only a fragment (which may actually be L. my>vio C. e. 20304 & 40082, Molina 22477, M one.no 1232, 1553, 1731 , 2076, 2107 , 231 1 , 2380, 2436, 2726, 3061, & 3085, Mone.no l Guzmdn 629, and We.b6te.n & lynch 17517, "white & yellow" on Bne.e.dlove. 39024, "white or 1-984 Moldenke, Notes on Lippia 429 cream" on Motina R. i M oJU.no. 26819, "whitish" on Guzman & at. 577, "greenish-yellow" on Pittie>i 1941, "yellow-green" on UJittiam6 & at. 41123, "greenish" on Standtey 41349, "pale-green" on Guzman & at. 245, "pale greenish-yellow" on Standtey 23262, "yellow" on Bfieedtove 40633 and Gflijatva 692, "white with a yellow eye" on Steven6 £ Mon¬ tiet 1794, and "cafe y verde" on Sandtno 341. The vernacular names "oreganillo" , "ord’gano montes", and "salvia" have been reported for the species. It should be noted that the leaves on Heyde 236, Heyde & Lux 4385, J. V. Smith 1937, Tonduz 13631, and Tllfickheim 8731 are remark¬ ably small, while those on Bakefi 660, Hotufay 617, Kovafi 1090, Moti- na R. 3661, and Shimek & Smith 8 are especially large. Material of Lippia ca.fuiLo6te.gia has been misidentif ied and dis¬ tributed in many herbaria as Lippia O6pefli^otia Rich., L. contfiovefi- 6a Mold., L. myfiio cephata Schlecht. & Cham., L. umbettata Cav., Lantana invotucfiata L. , and Lantana sp. On the other hand, the Standtey 14183, distributed as Lippia ca.fidio6tegia, actually is L. contfiove.fi6a Mold., while Mofie.no 1900, 2204, 2430, & 2809 are L. cufiti6iana Mold, and Matuda 30159 is Lantana achyfianthifiotia Desf. Additional citations: MEXICO: Campeche: Uleb6te.fl & Lynch 17517 (Me— 255543). Chiapas: Bfieedtove 20304 (Me— 228972, Mi), 23339 (Me— 203082, Mi), 39024 (Me— 247691) , 39723 (Me — 247275), 40082 (Me— 246434), 40633 (Me— 283645) ,- Bfieedtove i Thofine 21308 (Me— 199260) ; Matuda 743 (Me— 86182) ; Mifianda 5565 (Me— 71046), 5731 (Me— 71053). State undetermined: Liebmann 11228 [Mt. Masaya] (W — 1315051). GUATE¬ MALA: Amatitlan: Hotuiay 617 (W— 862958) ; J. V. Smith 1937 (W— 1322823); Tllfickheim 8731 (W— 576780, W— 1322943) . Chiquimula: MoLL- na R. & Mottna 26819 (Mi). Escuintla: P. C, Standtey 60217 (w — 1807020). Huehuetenango: Ulittiam6 , Motina R. , & Ulittiam6 41 1 23 (Mi). Jutiapa: Hafimon & ViMyefi 33 29 (E — 2889934) . Santa Rosa: Heyde & Lux 4385 (W — 354971, W — 1322993) . Province undetermined: Heyde 236 (W— 246091). HONDURAS: Choluteca: Motina R. & Motina 24585 (W— 2925220). Ocotepeque: Motina R. 22477 (Ws) . Santa Barbara: Motina R. 3661 (W— 2024678) . EL SALVADOR: Ahuachapan: Padilta 5 (W — 1150987), 10 (W— 1150992); P. C. Standtey 19860 (W— 1135732), 19958 (W— 1135825), 20222 (w — 1136074) . La Libertad: Ca6e, Vunn, Tfiott, Vziekanoui6ki, Thufun, £ Ue66 159 (N) ; StOfik & Hofiton 8646 (W — 1809218). La Union: P. C. Standtey 20803 (w— 1136630) . San Martin: CatdeAo'n 1899 (w— 1206489). San Salvador: CatdeAcfn 14 (W — 1151034); P. C. Standtey 19395 (W— 1135314), 22677 (W— 1138413), 73262 (W— 1138956) . Sonson- ate: Pittiefi 1941 (w— 578340) ; P. C. Standtey 22181 (W— 1137931) . Province undetermined: Kovafi 1090 (W — 2297042) ; Schuiabe i. Kaitxng 6.n. [17 Sept. 1978] (Me— 253285) , 6.n. [19 Sept. 1978] (Me— 253316) . NICARAGUA: Esteli: Mofieno 1 272 (bd) , 7 553 (Ld) , 207 6 (Ld) , 2107 (Ld), 2 380 (Ld), 306 1 (Ld) , 3085 (Ld) ; U>ittiam6 & Motina R. 42384 (Mi). Granada: Afiaqui6tain 251 (Ld) ,- Guzr.nn, Ca6tK0 , i Montiet 577 (Ld) ; Levy 241 (P) ; Mo4e.no 27 26 (Ld) . Leon: C. F. Bakefi 660 (w — 862758); Mo4£no 2311 (Ld) , 2436 (Ld) ; C. L. Smith 108 (Me— 86183 w — 312559); Steven6 & Montiet 1 7901 (Ld) . Madriz: Steven6 & Gfiijatva 16168 (Ld) . Managua: Chave6 55 (W— 1206325) ; Cfioat 43694 (Ld) ; GaK- nie 4 1069 (w — 1639431); Gfiijatva 692 (Ld) ; Guzmdn, Ca6tK0 , & Montiet 430 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 245 (Ld) , 264 (Ld) , 429 (Ld) ; Maxon, Hanv&y, & Valentine 7446 (w — 1181158); Moneno 7 232 (Ld) , 7 737 (Ld) , 1800 (Ld) ; Mone.no & Guzman 6 29 (Ld) ; SancU.no 341 (Ld) . Ometepe Island: Shtmek £ Smith 8 (W — 2085016); C. L. Smith i.n. [1893] (Mi). Province undetermined: C. Wnlght i.n. (w — 81850). costa rica: Alajuela: Holway 311 (w — 862582); A. Smith. P.2346 (w— 2955868) . Cartago: 0H6ted 11213 (W— 1269907), 7 7 247 (W— 1269911) , 7 7 247 (W— 1269913) ; Plttlen. 757 9 [Herb. Nat. Costarric. 13215] (Ld, W — 355588, W — 1322994) . Guana- caste: Tonduz 13631 (577796). San Jose': Coop&H 601 (W— 1322991) ; 0H{>ted 6.n. [Anne e St. Thomas] (W— 1959432) ; PlttleH 13031 (W— 358758); P. C. Standley 41349 (w— 1252241) ,- Tonduz 1460 (w— 1322992), 5452 [7111] (w— 1322995) ; Tonduz 2 Bloliey 7118 (W— 1322990) . LIPPIA CARVJ0STEGJA f. SKUTCH II Mold., Phytologia 50: 469. 1982. Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 50: 469 (1982) and 52: 116. 1982. Citations: GUATEMALA: Quiche: Skutch 1747 (Ld — photo of type, W — 1644263--type) . LIPPIA CARV10V0RA Meikle Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 164. 1981. The HeolockeH 59, distributed as L. caHvlodoHa, actually is Lan- lana petitlana a. Rich. LIPPIA CARVJOVORA var. MI NOR Meikle Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 164. 1981. Recent collectors describe this plant as a sweet-smelling shrub, 0.5 — 1.5 m. tall, and report the vernacular names, "gad hamer" and "gad hamar". Additional citations: SOMALIA: Kazmi, Elml, Makanoud, & Sultman 27 (Mu), 61 (Mu). LIPPIA CHEUAL1ERU Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 155 & 164. 1981. Sweeney describes this plant as a tall herb, much branched from the base, and found it growing near streams, at 3000 feet altitude, in both flower and fruit in November. His collection was mistakenly distributed as a member of the Lablataz. Additional citations: REPUBLIC OF GUINEA: SuJZZnZy 9 (W — 2127050). LIPPIA CH1APASENS1S Loes. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 164 — 165. (1981), 52: 115 & 116 (1882), and 54: 231. 1983. Recent collectors describe this species as a weak shrub, 1 — 3 m. tall, or small tree, the leaves stiff and hairy, and the bracts green. They have encountered it on steep rocky and pine-oak slopes, in open pine-oak forests, thickets and mixed forests, on ledges and cliff faces with PlnuA and QuZHCWi, / on the sunny sides of cliffs, on dry slopes with tropical deciduous forest, and on pine-oak- madrono openly forested slopes, at 1000 — 2400 m. altitude, in anthe- sis in May and from September to January, in fruit in January and September. Williams and his associates, in Guatemala, refers to it 1984 Moidenke, Notes on Lippia 431 as "common" and Carlson uses the same term for it in Chiapas. The corollas are said to have been "yellow"on Breedlove 40676 & 4122 5, Caption 2246, and Ste.ve.nb & Montiel 17326, "yellowish" on (O^Zliamb & al. 41202 & 43361, and "pale-yellow" on Br ee.di.OVt 43919. Material of Lippia chiapabenbib has been misidentif ied and dis¬ tributed in some herbaria as L. controverba Mold, and L. uumbeZlata Cav. Additional citations: MEXICO: Chiapas: Breedlove 33433 (Me — 247606), 40676 (Me— 257617) , 41 2 25 (Mi); 8 reedlove l Vrebbler 29502 (Me— 246316) ; Breedlove i Smith 22702 (Me— 227330) ; Bn eedlove t Thorne 21323 (Me— 198683) ; M. C. Caption 2246 (Me— 74568) ; Laughlin 475 (Me— 104556); M iranda 5012 (Me— 69663) ; E. W. Nelbon 3482 (w— 252567); F. Ra/.lirez b.n. [3 Dec. 1951] (Me— 76438) . Durango: Breed¬ love 43919 (Me — 292073). Michoaca'n: Arbene 5293 (W— 1000879) . Nayarit: Croat 45193 (E— 2914050) . Sinaloa: H. S. Gentry 7222 (W— 1945217). Veracruz: N. L. H. Kraubb 286 (W— 2189369) . GUATEMALA: Amatitlan: Moraleb R ua.no 851 (W — 1405272). Baja Verapaz: WilZLamb , Molina R., WilZiamb , & Molina 43361 (Mi). Quiche': WilZiamb , Molina R., & WiZUamb 41202 (Mi). Nicaragua: Madriz: Stevenb & Montiel 17326 (Ld). LIPPI A CHRySANTHA Greenm. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 165 & 184. 1981. Recent collectors describe this plant as an unarmed shrub, 3 — 6 feet tall, with erect or ascending branches, and dense axillary in¬ florescences. They have found it growing in stunted woody vegeta¬ tion on limestone hillsides, at 3000 feet altitude, in flower in July. The corollas are said to have been "pale-yellow" on the col¬ lection of Smith & Corona cited below. The Paray 3014 distributed as Lippia ehrybantha, actually is L. pringlei Briq. Additional citations: MEXICO: Morelos: Pringle 8679 (W — 460035 — isotype, W — 1322897 — isotype); Smith & Corona Mex.,10 (Me — 99364). LIPPIA ClPOlzNSlS Mold. Additional bibliography: Angely, S. Amer. Bot. Bibl. 2: 673. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 48: 165. 1981. The collection cited below was gathered with the plant in full flower in May and the corollas are said to have been "rose" when fresh. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Gibbb , Abbott, & An¬ drade 5238 (N) . LIPPIA COARCTATA Troncoso, Darwiniana 19: 490 _ 493. 1975. Bibliography: Troncoso, Darwiniana 19: 490 — 493. 1975; Mold., Phytologia 54: 238. 1983. The type collection of this taxon was originally distributed as L. imbrieata Kuntze. Citations: URUGUAY: GalZinal, A ragone, Bergalli, Campal, & R o- bengurtt PE. 51 71 (w— 1858134— type) . 432 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 6 LIPPIA COMTE RMINA Briq. Additional bibliography: Troncoso, Hickenia 1: 231. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 48: 165 (1981) and 51: 162. 1982. Troncoso (1980) has examined the type of Lantana. ovcuta Hayek and concludes that it is conspecific with Ltppta COnZcnmtna. Ltppta CO vU.CK.mTna. is described by recent collectors 20 cm. tall, woody at the base, and they have encountered it in dry matorral , in flower in September. The corollas are described as having been "yellow" when fresh on the collection cited below. Additional citations: PARAGUAY: CoiOi 6. Motcno FC.3856 (N) . LIPPIA COMTERMIMA var. HIRSUTA Mold., Phytologia 51: 162. 1982. Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 51: 162. 1982. Citations: PARAGUAY: CaiCLi & Molcno EC. 3660 (N — type). LIPPIA CONTRfll/ERSA Mold. Additional bibliography: F. C. Seymour, Phytol. Mem. 1: 244. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 48: 165--166 (1981), 50: 242 & 243 (1982), and 52: 118. 1982. Recent collectors describe this plant as a small shrub, 1 — 2.5 m. tall, and have found it growing in partial shade, on dry brushy hillsides, along roadsides, in mesophytic forests, on dry slopes with tropical deciduous forests, and in cafetal in seasonal evergreen forests along small streams, at 20 — 1100 m. altitude, in flower in April, July, November, and December, and in fruit in April, July, and November. Molina encountered it on "colinas pedro josas sobre barro Colorado". The vernacular name, "frijillo", is recorded for it. The corollas are described as having been "white" on Anaqutitatn 251, Moltna. R. 15275, and Ut nccCtt 763, "yellow" on Bn.CCcU.0VC & Th.on.nC 30919, and Mottna R. 549 & 1456, and "blue" on V'A ncy 11288. Material of Li.ppT.0L C0nZn.0VCn.iCL has been misidentif ied and distrib¬ uted in some herbaria as Li.ppi.CL CO.ndi.0itcgi.CL Benth. , L. tuCCni Standi., L. oxypkyltanta (Donn. Sm.) Standi., L. umbctUata Cav. , and Lantana hZiptda H.B.K. On the other hand, the BnccdUovc 41225 and WiJUtami , MoZtna R. , & Mttttami 41 202, distributed as Ltppta contno- VCKiCL, actually are L. chZapaiCniti Loes., while BnccdUovc & R CLVCn 8381 is L. cunti.ita.nCL Mold. Additional citations: MEXICO: Chiapas: BnccdUovc 20375 (Me — 226995); BnccdUovc & Tkonnc 30919 (Me— 226860) ; MaZuda 17260 (Me — 85841), GUATEMALA: Santa Rosa: Hcydc & Lux 4387 (W — 74220, W — 1322894). Solo la: MolZna. R. 15275 (Ws) . HONDURAS: Morazan: Moltno. R. 5 49 (W— 2021538), ?? 34 (W— 2922303) , 1456 (W— 2022325) ; R. C. Standlcy 14183 (w— 2021055) . Nicaragua: Granada: Anaqutitatn 251 (Ld) . Managua: l ItnCClJU. 763 Ud) . Masaya: Ma.X0n 7653 (w — 1181365). COSTA RICA: Guanacaste: Mungcn & RumtnCZ B. 4082 (Ws) . PANAMA: Coc id? : V’Ancy 1 1 288 (Ld) . LIPPIA COMTROVERSA var. 8REI/I PEVUNCULATA Mold. Synonymy: Ltppta contnovcma var. pcduncutaZa Mold, ex F . C. Sey- 1984 Moldenke, Notes on LZppZa 433 mour, Phytol. Mem. 1: 244. 1980. Additional bibliography: F. C. Seymour, Phytol. Mem. 1: 244. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 48: 166 (1981) and 50: 242. 1982. Recent collectors describe this plant as a shrub, 0.5--1.5 m. tall, abundant on grassy hills, at 1100 m. altitude, in anthesis in October. The corollas are said to have been "yellowish" on MoZZna R. i MoZZna 2283 5. Material of this taxon has been misidentif ied and distributed in some herbaria as L. Zu.ce.n6 Standi. Additional citations: HONDURAS: MorazAn: MoZZna R. & MoZA.no. 2283 5 (Ws) . NICARAGUA: Granada: AtvCOOd A.202 (Ln — 266876). LIPPIA CORVMBOSA Cham. Additional bibliography: Pio Correa, Dice. PI. Uteis Bras. 2: 208. 1931; Mold., Phytologia 48: 166. 1981. Pio Correa (1931) records the vernacular name, "cha de pedestre" for this plant. Recent collectors describe it as an herb, 40 cm. tall, the flower-buds "rose" color, and have found it growing in rocky soil of campo rupestre. at 1380 m. altitude, in flower in January . Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goiais: MogueZaa, SZZva, Carido60 SZZva, BZanchettZ, & Ma.u.ru. 65 (N) . LIPPIA C0STARJCENS1S Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 166. 1981. Recent collectors refer to this plant as a tree, 4 — 18 m. tall, the bracts scarious and white. They have found it growing in pastures on steep slopes, in thickets in ravines, cutover pastures, clear¬ ings, cloud forests, and cafetal margins in premontane rainforests and drier hilltops, at 1300--2333 m. altitude, in flower in July, August, and October, and in fruit in July and August. Wilbur and his associates refer to it as "common" in Costa Rica. The corollas are said to have been "yellow" on Knapp 1 5 94 and Skutch 32 97, "dull-yellow" on Ste.ve.n6 13659, and "pale-yellow" on ( UiZbufi , AZmeda, & VanZeZ 21956. Additional citations: COSTA RICA: Alaiuela: SkuXch. 3297 (W— 1643385). Cartago: WZZbu.ri, AZmeda, & VanZeZ 21956 (Mi). Heredia: Lent 2633 (Me— 219311) . San Josd: Skutch 2292 (W— 1642323 — isotype) ; w. V. Steven6 13659 (Ld) ; Tcinduz.1262 (w— 1322948) . panama: Chiri- qui: KZrikbru.de 143 (n) ; Knapp 1 594 (Ld) ,- Stean & Chamber 88 (w — 2301307) . LIPPIA CURTISIANA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 166 (1981) and 52: 115. 1982. Recent collectors describe this plant as a shrub, 1 — 2 m. tall, and have encountered it in dense woodlands of QueACUt and PZnu6 , at 300 — 1700 m. altitude, in flower in January and September. The corollas are said to have been "white" on all the Moreno collections cited below and "yellow" on the Breedlove & Raven collection. Material of LZppZa CuritZ6Zana has been misidentif ied and distrib¬ uted in some herbaria as L. C0ntri0veri6a Mold. On the other hand. 434 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 6 the GoZd 6 ,n. [Oct. 22, 1950], distributed as L. CUflZZtZana, actually is L. umbeZZaXa Cav. Additional citations: MEXICO: Chiapas: Bfie.e.dZove. & Raven 8381 (Ld) . Durango: Edw. PaZme.fi 479 (W — 304248 — isotype, W — 398813 — isotype). NICARAGUA: Estel{: MoAenO 1900 (Ld) , 2204 (Ld) , 2430 (Ld) . Madriz: M QflQ.nO 2809 (Ld) . LIPPIA VOMINGENSIS Mold. Synonymy: Ph.yZa domZnge.M>Zi> Molh. ex Mold., Phytologia 52: 128 in syn. 1982. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 267 (1981) and 52: 128. 1982. Recent collectors refer to this plant as a common aromatic shrub, 1 m. tall, at 1000 — 1320 m. altitude, in both flower and fruit in March. Material of LZppZa domZnge.ni>Z& has been misidentif ied and dis¬ tributed in some herbaria as LanXana exafiaJjx Urb. & Ekm. and LanXana fieJU.cuZ.aXa Pers. Additional citations: HISPANIOLA: Dominican Republic: Houfafld & Houiafid 8110 (W— 2110714 — isotype) ; J. J. dZmine.z 3264 (w— 2225610) , 4458 (w— 2519425); Votava i Uogie.fi 116 (N) . LIPPIA VUARTEI Mold. Additional bibliography: Angely, S. Amer. Bot. Bibl. 2: 676. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 48: 167. 1981. LIPPIA VUMETORUM Herzog Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 167. 1981. Gerold describes this plant as a shrub, 2 m. tall, and found it growing in disturbed forests, in both flower and fruit in March. Additional citations: BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: Ge.floZd 380 (Ld) ; R. F. SteZnback 333 (Mi) . LIPPIA VURANGENSIS Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 167 (1981) and 52: 115. 1982. Recent collectors have encountered this plant at 1900 — 2100 m. altitude, in flower in October. Material has been misidentif ied and distributed in some herbaria as L. myfiZoce.pkaZa Schlecht. & Cham, and L. umbeJLZaXa Cav. Additional citations: MEXICO: Chihuahua: GcnX>iy & AfigueZZe.4 18064m (W — 2301888) . Durango: VUaz 854 (Au, Ld) ; Edu ). PaZme.fi 496 (w — 571517); Pe.nneZZ 18189 (Me — isotype). Zacatecas: H. S. Ge.nXfiy 8516 (W— 2022196) . LIPPIA ELEGANS Cham. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 167--168 (1981), 54: 236 (1983), and 55: 42—43. 1984. Recent collectors describe this plant as a shrub or subshrub, 1 — 2.5 m. tall, and have found it growing in caatinga and in disturbed spots in mata ciliar, in flower in April. The corollas are said to have been "white" on CafivaZko l oZ., 1858, HQLflZnge.fi & aZ. 6509, and 1984 Moldenke, Notes on L4.pp4.cL 435 Kummnou) & Stulti 1 785. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Canvalho , La.ue.nb e.ng eA , i Silva 1 858 (Ld) . Distrito Federal: HiningeA, Filgueinai,, M endon^a, & Pe.neJna 6509 (N) . Minas Gerais: Mene zes 810 (Ld) . Sao Paulo: Kummnou) & StuXl6 1 785 (Ld) . LIPPIA ELEGANS var. MACROPHYLLA Mold., Phytologia 55: 42 — 43. 1984. Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 55: 42 — 43. 1984. Citations: BRAZIL: Distrito Federal: PeAeJna & Me.ndonca 408 (N — type) . LIPPIA ELLJPT1CA Schau. Additional bibliography: Brenan, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 16: 166. 1981; Mold., Phytologia 48: 168. 1981. LIPPIA ELLIPTICA var. SILVTCOLA Mold. Additional bibliography: Brenan, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 16: 166. 1981; Mold., Phytologia 48: 168. 1981. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: HanZe.y, Re.nvoize., Enikine., Bnigkion, i PlnkeJ.no in Hanle.y 16436 (w — 279l56l--isotype) . LIPPIA EUPATOIUIM Schau. Additional bibliography: Brenan, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 16: 166. 1981; Mold., Phytologia 48: 168 (1981) and 50: 262. 1982. Heringer and his associates found this plant in "cerrado sobre morro cascalhento" and report the corolla-color as "yellow". Additional citations: BRAZIL: Distrito Federal: Hininge.fi, EigueJ- noL6, Me.ndonca., Pe.neJna, SaZZeA, t Silva. 4940 (E— 2978867). LIPPIA EUPAT0R1UM var. ANGUSTTF0L1A Mold. Additional bibliography: Brenan, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 16: 166. 1981; Mold., Phytologia 48: 168 (1981) and 50: 262. 1982. LIPPIA FELIPPEI Mold. Additional bibliography: Angely, S. Amer. Bot. Bibl. 2: 676. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 48: 168. 1981. LIPPIA FERRUGINEA h.b.k. Additional & emended bibliography: Bocq., Adansonia, ser. 1, 3: [Rev. Verbenac.] 244. 1863; Mold., Phytologia 48: 168. 1981. Recent collectors describe this plant as an odorous subshrub and have found it in flower in September. The corollas are said to have been "white" on the Sagastegui A. & Cabanillas S. collection cited below. These collectors report the vernacular name, "tulluquero" . Additional citations: PERU: Piura: F 0&be.ng 17705 (W--2747151) ; Saga6te.gui A. & Cabanillas S. 8601 (Ld) . LIPPIA FLAt/IDA Urb. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 169. 1981. Recent collectors refer to this plant as a shrub, 1 m. tall, and have encountered it in dry thickets, at 325 — 900 m. altitude, in both flower and fruit in January. 436 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 6 The Ekman H. 16082, distributed as Llppla ^lavlda, actually is Lantana mlcKo caKpa Urb. Additional citations: HISPANIOLA: Haiti: Ekman H.1817 (W-- 1411943); LaonaKd 8901 (W— 1300233) . LIPPIA FLORWA Cham. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 169. 1981. Williams & Assis refer to this plant as a shrub, with yellow corollas, and found it growing at 1300 m. altitude, in flower in June. Their collection was previously misidentif ied as L. pAeudo- thQJX (A. St.-Hil.) Schau. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: OlHlAOmA & AAAlA 7 160 (B). LIPPIA FORMOSA T. S. Brandeg. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 169. 1981. Additional citations: MEXICO: Baja California: T. S. 'BKande.ge.e. •6 ,n. [Todos Santos, Jan. 19, 1890] (W — 47022--isotype) , A.n. tPesca- dero, Nov. 1902] (w — 397995) ,- CaKteK, A lexandeK, & Kellogg 2291 (w— 2022908) ,• R. I/. MoKan 6979 (Me— 55026) ; HelAon & Goldman 7334 (w — 565414); WlgglnA 14536 (Me). LIPPIA FRAGRANS Turcz. Additional synonymy: Llppla ^KaganA Turcz. ex Botta, Darwiniana 22: 531 sphalm. 1980. Additional bibliography: Botta, Darwiniana 22: 531. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 48: 169. 1981. Botta (1980) raises the possibility that this species may belong in the genus Acanth.0 llppla Grisb. LIPPIA GARPNERIAWA Schau. Additional bibliography: S. Moore, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. , ser. 2, 4: 437. 1895; Angely, S. Amer. Bot. Bibl. 2: 666. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 48: 169. 1981. LIPPIA GENTRVI standi. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 170 (1981) and 50: 14. 1981. Additional citations: MEXICO: Sonora: H. S. GentKy 3039 (W — 1689753 — isotype) . LIPPIA GLANVULOSA Schau. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 170 (1981), 50: 247 (1982), and 54: 236. 1983. Recent collectors describe this plant as a shrub, 0.8--2 m. tall, with pendent branches, and have encountered it on campo ruderal and at the edges of bre jo, in flower in October, and both in flower and fruit in June. The corollas as described as having been "whitish" on HalAchbach 44201 and "cream" -color on HeKlngeK 17797 . Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: HalAchbach 44201 (Ld) . Dis¬ trito Federal: Hi>vLngkd.nt, Bndgkton, & Pd.nheA.no dn Handty 16788 (w — 279i562--isotype) Mond & Boom 1 41 43 (N) . LIPPIA HATSCHBACHU Mold. Additional bibliography: Brenan, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 16: 166. 1981; Mold., Phytologia 48: 173. 1981. LIPPIA HEVERAEEOLJA Mart. & Schau. Additional & emended bibliography: C. Muell. in Walp., Ann. Bot. Syst, 5: 707. 1860; Bocq. , Adansonia, ser. 1, 3: [Rev. Verbenac.] 244. 1863; Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pf lanzenfam. , ed. 1, 4 (3a); 152. 1895; Mold., Phytologia 48:173. 1981. LIPPIA HIERAC1F0L1A Cham. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 173. 1981. Pedersen encountered this plant on roadcuts, in both flower and fruit in November, describing the corolla color as "yellow". Additional citations: BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul: Ptdtmtn 1 2566 (N) . LIPPIA HIRSUTA L. f. Additional & emended bibliography: Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 6: 689. 1847; Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pf lanzenfam. , ed. 1, 4 (3a): 152. 1895; Savage, Cat. Linn. Herb. Lond. 109. 1945; Brenan, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 16: 166. 1981; Mold., Phytologia 48: 173 — 174. 1981. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Eitaddon 4 [Herb. Lin¬ naeus G. 801, S. 3] (It — photo of type). MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Benth. , FI. Hartw. 245. 1846 (W) . LIPPIA HIRSUTA var. MORITZII (Turcz.) Ldpez-Palacios Additional bibliography: C. Muell. in Walp., Ann. Bot. Syst. 5: 708. 1860; Brenan, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 16: 166. 1981; Mold., Phytologia 48: 173 — 174. 1981. Recent collectors describe this plant as a shrub or tree, 5 — 8 m. tall, the trunk 5 cm. in diameter at breast height, and have found it growing at 2000--2300 m. altitude, in flower in February, June, and July. The corollas are said to have been "white" on Aymand & 1984 Moldenke, Notes on Ltppta 445 Salcedo 20, Valvende, i Mendez 982-08 5, and Lopez Flguelnat & Rodnlguez 9081 and "cream-white" on BenUn t Pena 11-7-78. Material of this variety has been misidentif ied and distributed in some herbaria as Labtatae. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Norte de Santander: Schllm 97 (W — 1628277). Venezuela: Me'rida: A ymand i Salcedo 20 (Ld) ; BenU i Pena 11-7-78 (w — 2977405); Be>iU, Valvende, & Mendez 982-085 (w — 2977416); Bnetelen 3398 (w — 2465643); Lopez Fj.gu.UHa4 i Rodnlguez 9081 (w — 2932346). Trujillo: 8 HCteleH 4134 (W — 2465989). MOUNTED CLIPPINGS & ILLUSTRATIONS: Briq., Ann. Conserv. Bot . Genev. 4: 237. 1900 (W) ; Lope z-Pa lac ios, FI. Venez. Verb. [429], fig. 100. 1977 (Ld) ; Lopez- Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Andes 15: 58, [fig. 12). 1975 (Ld) . L1PP1A HIRTA (Cham.) Meisn. Additional synonymy: "H. hlnta Meisn." ex D. Dietr., Syn. PI. 3: 599 sphalm. 1843. Addidional bibliography: C. Muell. in Walp. , Ann. Bot. Syst. 5: 707. 1860; Mold., Phytologia 48: 174 (1981) and 50: 261. 1982. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Parand: HatAchbach 31 739 (Ba) ; Smith £ Klein 14922 (W — 2573698). Santa Catarina: Smith & Klein 10672 (W— 2251702) . LIPPI A HJSPJVA Good Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 174 & 176. 1981. Additional citations: ANGOLA: Go66uteUeH 2362 [Mo. Bot. Gard. type photo A. 833] (Ba--photo of type. E--1983905 — photo of type, Ld--photo of type, W — photo of type) . LJPPJA H0EHHE1 Mold. Additional bibliography: Brenan, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 16: 166. 1981; Mold., Phytologia 48: 174. 1981. LJPPJA HOEHN El var. GOVAIENSJS Mold. Additional bibliography: Brenan, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 16: 166. 1981; Mold., Phytologia 48: 174. 1981. LJPPJA JNOPJNATA Mold. Synonymy: Ltppta Optntata Knobloch, Phytol. Mem. 6: 63 sphalm. 1983. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 175. 1981; Knob¬ loch, Phytol. Mem. 6: 63 & 91. 1983. Recent collectors describe this plant as a rare slender shrub, 2.5 m. tall, with a dense inflorescence, the corollas "yellowish- white", and have encountered it at 125 — 1700 m. altitude in dry lowland forests. Material has been misidentif ied and distributed in some herbaria as Ltppta bHacteoia (Mart. & Gal.) Mold. Additional citations: MEXICO: Jalisco: GentHy & GentHy 23542 (Me— 181679); Rz edomkt 17649 (Me— 95614) . LJPPJA JNSJGNJS Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 175. 1981; Silva & Mori, Cent. Pesq. Cacau Bol. T^cn. 89: 9 & 65. 1981. 446 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 6 Recent collectors describe this plant as a spindly shrub, 1--3.5 m. tall, the stems erect, brittle, little-branched, the leaves coria¬ ceous, glossy and rugose mid-green above, gray beneath, or glossy dark-green above and gray-green beneath, the "bracteoles" rather bright-green, tinged purple at the tips, or pale-green and tinged reddish, and have found it in flower in May and June, growing in campo rupestre, open scrubby campos gerais vegetation, or open scrub on exposed sites to scattered low woodland and marsh, among sand¬ stone rock with open sand in the flatter areas, at 980--1000 m. al¬ titude . The corollas are described as having been "lavender" on Mont & Boom 14463, "deep-pink with a yellow-orange throat surrounded by a whitish area" on Hantey 22754, and "very showy, pink, white at cen¬ ter, with yellow throat" on Hantcy 2295 8. Material of Ltppta tnitgnti has been misidentif ied and distribu¬ ted in some herbaria as L. bnadct Mold. Additional & emended citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: HanZ&y, BnomZcy, Carvalho, MuneA, Hage, £ Santo A In Hanley 22754 (w — 2965511), 22958 (w — 2965518) ; HatAchback i GutmandeA 42383 (Ld) ; Mont & Boom 14463 (Ld, N) . LIPPIA INTEGRIFDLIA (Griseb.) Hieron. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 175. 1981; Reta- mar, Delfini, & Iturraspe, Essenz. Deriv. Agrum. 51: 40 — 43. 1981; Mold., Phytologia 52: 19. 1982; Reis & Lipp, New PI. -Sources Drugs 252. 1982. Reis & Lipp (1982) refer to this plant as medicinal, citing Schnetten 1202. Retamar and his associates (1981) asserts that this plant "differs markedly" from L. tunbtnata Griseb. in chemical compo¬ sition, the essential oil containing -pinene, limonene, 1,8-cineol, camphor, and sesquiterpenoids in a 1% yield. Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Salta: l/( intant 6972 (W — 1591513), 8072 (W— 1443351) . LIPPIA INTEGRIFOLIA var. BECK.11 Mold., Phytologia 52: 19. 1982. Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 52: 19. 1982. Citations: BOLIVIA: Cochabamba: S. G. Beck 7433 (Ld--type) . LIPPIA INTERMEDIA Cham. Additional bibliography: Brenan, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 16: 166. 1981; Mold., Phytologia 48: 175. 1981. The Dus4n collection cited below was previously incorrectly iden¬ tified and cited as L. pamtla Cham. Additional & emended citations: BRAZIL: Parani: Vu6Cn 16736 (F — photo, Ld — photo, N — photo, S, Si — photo) . LIPPIA INTERMEDIA var. PARl/IFOLIA Mold. Additional bibliography: Brenan, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 16: 166. 1981; Mold., Phytologia 48: 175. 1981. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Parand: HatAchbach 32582 (W — 2849693 — isotype) . 1984 Moldenke, Notes on Ltppta 447 LIPPIA JALISCANA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 176 (1981) and 50: 241. 1982. Recent collectors have found this plant in flower in January and in both flower and fruit in November. Material has been misidenti- fied and distributed in some herbaria as L. mynXoce.ph.cuta Schlecht. & Cham, and L. umbeXJLaXa Cav. Additional citations: MEXICO: Jalisco: MCX-C a 1636 (W — 1317889 — isotype). Michoacan: BHaXz M.125 (Me — 94182). Sinaloa: 0H.te.ga 5101 (W— 1165142) . LIPPIA JAI/ANICA (Burm. f.) Spreng. Additional & emended bibliography: Walp. , Repert. Bot. Syst. 4: 33, 43 — 44, 47, 50, & 134. 1845; Koord., Excursionsf 1 . 3: 133 & 439. 1912; White & Angus, For. FI. N. Rhodes. 370. 1962; Bennet, FI. Howrah 309--310. 1976; Mold., Phytologia 48: 174 & 176. 1981; Roo- yen, Theron, & Grobbelaar, Journ. S. Afr. Bot. 47: 413. 1981; Blun¬ dell, Wild FIs. Kenya 109 & 158, pi. 8, fig. 54. 1982; Guha Bakshi, FI. Murshidabad Dist. 17. 1984; Mold., Phytologia 56: 362. 1984. Additional illustrations: Blundell, Wild FIs. Kenya pi. 8, fig. 54 (in color). 1982. Recent collectors describe this plant as a shrub, 1.5 m. tall, and have found it in flower in February and April. The corollas are said to have been "yellowish-white" on Gtet>6 15811; Blundell (1982) describes them as "white or cream", while White & Angus (1962) refer to them as simply "white", calling the plant "A weed, and a pioneer in secondary vegetation", citing (JJhXXe 1851 & 17 84, HaHt. 476, Mick. 183, and Th. 1694 from Zambia. Material of L-ippta javanXca has been misidentif ied and distribu¬ ted in some herbaria as Lantana sp. On the other hand, the B eXiky 211, distributed as Ltppta JavanXca, actually is L. ptXcaXa J- G. Baker, while PhXXXXp6 2009 is L. whyteX Mold, and Ltebe.nbe.Hg 8722 is Lantana Hugo 6 a Thunb. Additional citations: SOUTH AFRICA: Cape Province: BaytXii 8 S. 1086 (Ba— 371861), BS.8142 (Ba— 381504, Mu); Collecton undeXeHmtned A.n. [Mo. Bot. Gard. photo A. 865] (Ld — photo). Transvaal: 8 eHnaHcU 8956 (w— 2896856), 9074 (w— 2896892) ; Gte*6 15811 (Mu); Ltebenbeng 8669 (W — 3000422). LOCALITY OF COLLECTION UNDETERMINED: HeHb. Linnaeus G.3 5, S.lOa (it--photo). mounted illustrations: Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pf lanzenfam. , ed. 1, 4 (3a): 150. 1895 (Ld) . LIPPIA LACUNOSA Mart. & Schau. Additional bibliography: Brenan, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 16: 166. 1981; Mold., Phytologia 48: 177. 1981. Recent collectors describe this plant as a shrub or subshrub, 1 — 2 m. tall, the leaves thick, rough, and aromatic-odoriferous, and the flowers fragrant. They have encountered it in openings in woods, along roadsides, in campo rupestre, cerrado, and wet bre jo, at 1100 m. altitude, in flower in March, May to August, and October, and in fruit in March, August, and October. Heringer reports that the leaves contain an essential oil. [to be continued] BOOK REVIEWS Alma L. Moldenke "TREES OF CENTRAL TEXAS" by Robert A. Vines, xv & 405 pp. , 3 maps, 202 b/w detailed twig draw. & 40 outline draw, of lvs. & fl. parts. University of Texas Press, P. O. 7819, Austin, Texas 78713. 1984, hardcover & paperback editions. This well prepared field manual follows "Trees of East Texas" (1977) and "Trees of North Texas" (1982). It presents 186 species of native and naturalized trees inhabiting mainly the Edwards Plateau, sev¬ eral being rare and/or unique. They are arranged according to 48 families s . 1. The illustrated twigs should help with identifica¬ tion as should the descriptive text which covers field identifi¬ cation, flowers, fruits, leaves, range and remarks about uses, para¬ sites, possible cultivation, and other common names. The early origin of the cultivated and escaping \J-itZX -tuA L. is given as China and India, but the species is not native to either country; it is definitely a Mediterranean species. The similar l/. vizgando L. is the native species of India and China. "CELL BIOLOGY Structure, Biochemistry and Function", Second Edition, by Phillip Sheeler & Donald E. Bianchi, 17 & 670 pp. , 206 b/w photo., 178 fig. & 134 tab. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N. Y. 10158. 1983. $31.95. Just as the first edition of this work was an excellent full text, this updated edition is also of first calibre for logical ex¬ planations, additional excellent diagrams that are often accentuated by the additional use of rust-red lines, and really convincing electron microscope illustrations. "This book was written for sophomore and junior level courses in cell biology, molecular biology and cellular physiology" presupposing introductory biology and chemistry. It would be really worthwhile to use this text in a 2- semester or year course, certainly not steam-shovelling it through a quarter course. It has so much to offer. 448 PHYTOLOGIA An international journal to expedite botanical and phytoecological publication Vol. 56 January 1985 FEB 1 5 1985 CONTENTS SCHUSTER, R. M., Austral Hepaticae, XIX. 5unne \axa^ne\\^}(T Zealand and New Caledonia . 449" MOLDENKE, H. N., Additional notes on the genus Lippia. XX . 465/ SI LB A, J., The infraspecific taxonomy of Pinus culminicola Andr. et Beam ( Pinaceae ) . 489-^ BOWERS, F. D., Nomenclatural changes in Mexican mosses . 492 LOPEZ-FIGUEIRAS, M., Contribution to the lichen flora of Venezuela, VI . 493 D'ARCY, W. G., Publication of Verbesina fuscasiccans . 500"" MOLDENKE, A. L., Book reviews . 501 Index to authors in Volume Fifty-six . 502 Index to supra-speciflc scientific names in Volume Fifty-six . 502 Publication dates . 512 Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 303 Parkside Road Plainfield, New Jersey 07060 U.S.A. Price of this number $3.00; for this volume $14.00 in advance or $15.00 after close of the volume; $5.00 extra to all foreign addresses and domestic dealers; 512 pages constitute a complete volume; claims for numbers lost in the mails must be made immediately after receipt of the next following number for free replacement; back volume prices apply if payment is received after a volume is closed. 0 AUSTRAL HEPATICAE, XIX. SOME TAXA NEW TO NEW ZEALAND AND NEW CALEDONIA Rudolf M. Schuster Cryptogamic Laboratory Hadley, Mass. 01035 I. INTRODUCTION A variety of antipodal taxa have been dealt with under the above title by myself, Dr. John E. Engel, or both of us joined in authorship. The present paper continues this tradition. A number of new records and new taxa are proposed so that the names and other documentation will be available for a joint work we proposed to issue on the Hepati- cae of New Zealand. All types are to be deposited an the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago. II. ANEURACEAE (METZGERIAIES) 1. Austral Aneura Species Because of the simplicity in their organization, the species of Aneura are exceedingly difficult to study. An additional, inherent problem is that herbarium material — especially when sterile — is virtually useless for critical examination. Showalter (1926, 1928) has shown that in the protean A. pinguis, supposedly of subcosmopolitan range (cf. Schuster, 1983, p. 607; , genetically incompatible races ex¬ ist and one must almost conclude that such simplified species have un¬ dergone at least incipient speciation, with the structural simplifica¬ tion so marked that traditional means of separating species no longer exist. Under such conditions any attempts at taxonomic judgments are surely premature so long as they are based only on herbarium material. I venture to give the following preliminary notes chiefly because, hav¬ ing collected all but one of the taxa in the field, I believe that these entities represent real species. Unfortunately only fragmentary types have been seen, so that application of the several earlier names is, at this point, highly preliminary. A key for orientation follows: KEY TO SOME AUSTRALASIAN TAXA OF ANEURA 1. Thalli devoid of gemmae. ....................2. 2. Oil-bodies few, usually (2-3)4-10(12) per cell, the larger granu¬ lar, opaque, to 8-15 x 12-20 p or even larger. Thalli translucent , pure green, not extremely brittle. Epidermal capsule-wall cells with thickenings (as in Riccardia) confined to adaxial walls. subg. Lobatinccardia Mizutani & Hattori. .3* 3. Thalli thin, relatively slight, margins never denticulate. Oil- 449 450 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 7 bodies (2-5) 6-12 per cell . 4. 4. Thallus margins unistratose and decolorate, hyaline for 2-3(4) cell rows, shallowly crenulate. Oil-bodies (2-3)4-9(10) per cell, very variable, the largest 13-15 x 32-36 or 28 x 33 to 24 x 38 p. Thalli firmer, larger, to 7. 5-8. 5 mm wide, but on¬ ly 9-10 cells high. Calyptra not hairy, with scattered, ir¬ regular, multicellular "tubercles." A. subaquatica Schust., sp. n. 4. Thallus margins neither unistratose nor decolorate. Oil-bodies (3-5)6-12 per cell, at most 8-10 x 12-15 to 15 x 20 p. Thal¬ li 3-6(7) a™ wide but 10-15 cells high. A . lobata subsp. australis Schust., subsp. n. 3. Thalli wide, to 10 mm wide or more, margins (especially toward apices) denticulate with blunt, 1-celled teeth. Oil-bodies 3- 7(8) per cell usually, the larger l4 x 23 to 8-10 x 27 p. A. gigantea Schust., sp. n. 2. Oil-bodies numerous [usually (7-12)13-25, or even 40-50 per cell], minute, glistening or obscurely few-segraented, under 4-6 x 6-8 p, usually much smaller. Thalli opaque, yellow-green, brittle, with smooth margins that may be sharp or blunt. Epi¬ dermal capsule-wall cells with longitudinal radial walls with thickenings of both faces. . . 5- 5. Shoot calyptra _+ clavate, rounded at the summit, hairy, with bristles or trichomes, at least prior to maturity. A. pinguis (L. ) Dum. 5. Shoot calyptra cylindrical, the apex rounded-truncate, with a depressed umbilicus, much as in Liochlaena lanceolata. A. novaecaledoniae Schust., sp. n. 1. Thalli developing parenchymatous, pluricellular gemmae from stalk cells originating from dorsal epidermal cells. subg. Austroaneura Schust., subg. n. [A. kaguensis Hewson] Aneura subaquatica Schust., sp. n. Species A. lobatae s. lat. similis thallo tenui, marginibus non denticulatis. Distincta ut: mar- ginibus unistratosis hyalinisque per 2-3(4) ordines cellularum, exili- ter crenulatis; guttae olei variantes plerumque 4-9 omni in cellula, maximis 24-28 x 35-38 pm; thallo latiore (usque ad 8.5 mm lat.) tenu- iore autem, solum 9-10 cellulis alt. 1985 Schuster, Austral HtpcuLLcae. 451 Type . New Zealand, North Island: Lake Rotoiti (RMS 84-2962b). Aneura lobata subsp. australis Schust,, subsp. n. Subspecies cuius thalli crassiores quara in subsp. lobata (10-15 cellulis alt.); sporae maiores (16.5-19 pm); guttae olei numerosiores (plerumque 6- 12 omni in cellula); aliter subsp. lobatae similis. Type. New Zealand, South Island: Fox Glacier (RMS 4835^) . This plant is discussed in some detail in Schuster (1964, pp. 214-15) , where it is stated the discrepancies may "prove adequate to separate the New Zealand plant as a subspecies." Aneura gigantea Schust., sp. n. Species a A . lobata et A. sub- aquatica differens ut thallus latior (10-12 mm vel plus lat.) in mar- gine denticulatus, dentibus unicellularibus. Type. New Zealand, South Island: Purakanui Falls, Otago (RMS “54-2454). Aneura novaecaledoniae Schust., sp. n. Species A, pingui simi¬ lis ut thallus opacus, rigidus, f lavovirensque ; distincta calyptra surculi levis cylindricaque , apex rotundo-truncatus, et umbilicus depressus. Type. New Caledonia: Mandjelia, above Puebo, 20°24' S., 600- 700 m. (RMS 84-4196). Growing as a pioneer over rocks and boulders in the bed of a deeply shaded rivulet, forming flat, closely adnate patches. It is distinct from all other Aneura species I have seen in the peculiar, chimney-like shoot calyptrae which are reminiscent of the perianths of Liochlaena lanceolata. Aneura subg. Austroaneura Schust., subsp. n. Subgenus subg. Aneurae simile magnitudine vigente, thallo soli do opacoque et ramifi- catione sparsa; distinctus a subsp. Aneura et ex omnibus aliis Aneur- aceis gemmis stipitatis singulis, parenchymatis, pluricellularibus superficii thalli. Type. A. kaguensis Hewson. 2. Dendroceropsis Schust. and Hyaloneura Schust., new subgenera of Riccardia. The intrageneric classification of Riccardia remains chaotic. A clearer comprehension of the genus will come about only after the genus is divided into natural groups, subgenera and sections, so that the numerous species can be given some comprehensible organization. In 1964 I proposed Phycaneura and A nomane ura for isolated austral ele¬ ments; HHssel (1972), in a major paper on temperate-subantarctic South American taxa, proposed additional subgenera [Arceoneura HHss., Trichothallia Hflss., Lophoneura HHss., Spine 11a (Schiffn. h Gott.) 452 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 7 Hilss.]. The bulk of taxa, however, remain simply assigned to Riccardia, without subgeneric placements. Furthermore, some of the Hassel sub¬ genera will need major emendations, since the Australasian taxa, in several cases, do not fit well into her groups, as currently defined. For the moment, two subgenera, one occurring from Malaysia to New Guinea (subg. Hyaloneura) , the other an alpine in New Zealand (Dendro- ceropsis) , need to be segregated. Riccardia subg. Dendroceropsis Schust., subg. n. Cellulae thalli epidermales (a sectionibus transversis visae) a cellulis interioribus discriminatae, ut in Spine 11a et Arceoneura. Subgenus novus a his differens ut (aj cellulae epidermales globosae ad ovoideas ad digitiformes, extremitatibus rotundatis tantummodo dis- cretis, thallo itaque plus minusve raammillato; cellulae thalli ven- trales non discriminatas; (_b) thallus axem principalem non determin¬ ate elongatum 1.8-3 mm lat., habens, axes secondaries (et partim ter- tiarios) efficiens, qui proiectiones laterales ferunt, et qui lamel- lati, cellulis hyalinis sine chloroplastis uno in strato iacentibus; (c) dentes marginales, et pinnae ultimatae et margines thalli cris- pati et/aut sinuosi. Type [and only] species. R. pseudodendroceros Schust., sp. n. [The above diagnosis represents a descriptio genei*ico-specifica.] Type. Paparoa Range, near Mt. Euclid, 4300-4400 ft, in tussock zone, South I., New Zealand ( RMS 84-1303 ) . Occurring at the bases of snow tussock culms; with the aspect of Dendroceros — and wholly unlike any Riccardia in appearance. Indeed, initially regarded as a sterile Dendroceros and, as such, much of the material was discarded in the field! Riccardia subg. Hyaloneura Schust., subg. n. Subgenus subgeneri Riccardiae simile ut cellulae epidermales a cellulis internis non valde dilferentiatae quamquam magnitudine multo inferiores. A Riccardia distinctum ut (a) thalli vigentes, 2.5 mm lat. x 3 cm vel plus long., solum, autem, ca. 4 cellulis alti; (,b) thallus perspicue applanatus, sectionibus transversis usque ad 20 plo latioribus quam altae; (c) margines thalli per cellulas hyalinas sine chlorophyllo, quae ut limbus dif ferentiales, valde praetexti; hie limbus e cellulis oblique aut perpendiculariter raargine elongatis formatus. Type. R. albo-marginata (Steph.) Schiffn. Also R. argento- limbata Hews. & Grolle here. Both this subgenus and Dendroce ropsi s agree in the distinct bor¬ der of chlorophyll-free cells forming a unistratose margin. In other respects the two groups are very different and the hyaline border has surely been independently evolved. Unfortunately, Dendroceropsis is largely sterile and even though I collected R. argento-limbata in 1985 Schuster, Austral H&paXs tcae. 453 New Guinea, I was unable to find material with sporophytes. Both subgenera need further study. I have not seen living plants of Hyaloneura, except in the field, so have no data as to oil-bodies. In Dendroceropsis, however, the gibbous epidermal cells bear, in ca. 25-4o% of cases, a solitary oil- body, ca. 7 x 7-9 to 8-9 x 11-13 u* The much larger hypoderraal cells bear 1-2 larger oil-bodies [each 10-11 x 16 to 11-12(14) x 19 -22 p]. The hyaline marginal cells, although devoid of chloroplasts, typical¬ ly bear oil-bodies. III. ACROSCYPHUS Kitagawa, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 35:1, 1984 ( Balant iopsi daceae , Jungermanniales) In 1964 Grolle described as new the genus Neesioscyphus and as¬ signed here, aside from several neotropical taxa, a plant he described as N. phoenicorhizus Grolle, from New Zealand. Although this plant shares with Neesioscyphus the isophyllous gynoecium and the purely ventral-intercalary branching, it differs in the: (a) stem formed of rigid, almost bast-fiber-like cells; (b) large, Isotachis-like , but very shallowly bilobed underleaves; (.cj purplish or intensely claret- red rhizoids; (d) lateral leaves not bilobed but irregularly 3-4- toothed; (e) small leaf cells, 13-18 x 20-24 p, evenly thick-walled; (£) secondary pigments of cell walls, aside from rhizoids, at least in part brownish, never reddish, although stem cortex in part reddish. Grolle expressed his doubts that this plant really fitted into Neesio¬ scyphus, but stated that its proper systematic position could be es¬ tablished only after sporophytes and androecia were found. Study of living material of A. nitidissimus Schust., sp. n. , has shown that it possesses (0)1-2 highly glistening, homogeneous oil-bodies per cell and that it (and presumably also the other species I refer to Acroscy¬ phus) thus differs from all other members of the Balant iopsi daceae (incl. Isotachidaceae) in this respect. Even though, provisionally, I retain Acroscyphus in the Balant iopsi daceae , this is based on ignor¬ ance rather than on conviction. The above lines were written in early 1984, and I there assigned 3 of the 4 species in the following key to a new genus "Austroscyphus." When the present MS was about to be sent for publication, Dr. J. J. Engel provided me with a xerox of tne May 1984 paper by Dr. N. Kitagawa, describing Acroscyphus. It is an extraordinary coincidence that the two of us should, independently, conclude that such a taxon exists — and even adopt, independently, generic epithets of such similarity. My concept, as the above lines indicate, was buttressed by the discov¬ ery that the genus had homogeneous oil-bodies; Kitagawa's was based on a much fuller suite of features, for he had available d and q plants with young sporophytes, but not oil-bodies. The two independent studies thus fully corroborate the distinctness of the genus. The coincidence is even more extraordinary because in Jan. 1984, in Vol. II of the New Manual of Bryology, I published a plate of Ruizanthus Schust., a bitypic genus known only from Venezuela 454 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 7 (Schuster, 1978, p. 240) which seems, clearly, the nearest ally of Acroscyphus. My figures of Ruizanthus (Schuster, 1984, fig. 6l, p. 994) evidently were not yet available to Dr. Kitagawa when he pub¬ lished Acroscyphus since his fig. 1:6-7 demonstrates beyond a doubt that Ruizanthus and Acroscyphus are immediately allied. Indeed, one could consider the two genera to be merely subgenera of a single genus were it not for the differences in the oil-bodies and rhizoid color. In Schuster (1984, p. 998) Ruizanthus is assigned to an autonomous subfamily of Balantiopsidaceae , the Ruizanthoideae Schust., princi¬ pally on the basis of the short-ovoid capsules with nonspiral valves. I would predict that when mature capsules of Acroscyphus are found, this genus, like Ruizanthus, will prove to have nonspiral capsule valves. On that basis the two are here assigned to the Ruizanthoi¬ deae and are separated as follows: 1. Oil-bodies large, granular-botryoidal, 2-3(4) per cell. Antheridia ca. 4-5 per bract, with paraphyses. Rhizoids colorless. Ventral- intercalary stolons frequent. Leaves symmetrically (2)3-4-lobed or -cuspidate at apex. Stem with a differentiated cortex, in 1-2 layers, of small, thick-walled cells contrasted to the larger, leptodermous medullary cells. Ruizanthus Schust. 1. Oil-bodies homogeneous, small, glistening (0-1)2 per cell. Anther¬ idia 1 per bract, without paraphyses. Rhizoids magenta or claret- red. Ventral-intercalary stolons lacking. Leaves variable: un- lobed, lobulate, or 2-4-lobulate at apex. Stem in cross section uniformly formed of thick-walled cells, all similar in diameter. Acroscyphus Kitagawa The two genera agree in, i.a. (a) exclusively ventral-intercalary branching; (b) fasciculate rhizoids from bases of the large, bifid un¬ derleaves; ( c_) succubous leaves, with cells firm-walled, often, local¬ ly, elongated and sometimes tiered; (d) q bracts erect, mutually in¬ volute, identical to bracteole in size and similar in form; ( e ) anther idial stalk biseriate; (£) gynoecium erect, somewhat swollen below foot of sporophyte but, at best, developing an incipient marsupium; (g) perianth arising gradually (and almost imperceptibly) from a polystratose base [=? Isotachis-type perigynium] ; (h) sporophyte with short -ovoid capsule, with erect valves (conjectural for Acroscyphus) . My "genus" Austroscyphus was based primarily on the following new species. It and A. t jiwideiensis agree in the exclusively brownish wall pigments of the gametophyte, aside from rhizoids, and in the broad, unlobed leaves. These two species appear to form a complex distinct at least at the sectional level from the type of Acroscyphus and for them I retain the epithet Austroscyphus. Four taxa belong to Acroscyphus, separable as follows: 1. Leaves wider than long, the apices rounded to rounded-truncate. Aside from rhizoids no reddish pigmentation, the stem cortex brown to brownish. Underleaves, or most of them, divided 0.3-0.45 by a 1985 Schuster, Austral He.paXA.CZie. 455 V-shaped sinus, the disk margins mostly with 1-2 strong teeth on each side, in lower half. Sectio Austroscyphus Schust., sect, n . 2. 2. Cuticle smooth; leaves subrotundate to quadrate-rotundate , apex rounded to sinuous, basal margins edentate, with antical bases slightly decurrent. Median cells 12-14(15) x (28)52-40(42) p, _+ rectangulate , longer walls occasionally with an intermediate thick¬ ening. [New Zealand], A. nitidissimus Schust., sp. n. 2. Cuticle finely but closely papillose, the rather soft-textured plants dull; leaves oblate to reniform-oblate , much wider than long, apex broadly rounded to sinuous, the dorsal margins often with 1-2 teeth near base, the postical margins usually with 1-2 (3) teeth; antical leaf base long-decurrent. Median cells with medium to large-sized trigones, not or little elongated, (25)28- 57 x 28-38(42) p, polygonal. [Java]. A. t.jiwideiensis (Sde.-Lac.) Schust. & Engel, comb. n. 1. Leaves lingulate to lingulate-falcate, clearly longer than wide, apices mostly (2)3-4-5-toothed or lobulate, occasionally subentire. Secondary pigments, at least of stem, largely or entirely reddish. Cuticle smooth. Sectio Acroscyphus Kitagawa . 3« 3. Leaves lobulate to subentire at apex; underleaves 0.12-0.2 bi- lobed, margins entire or with 1-2 low teeth of each side. 9 Bracts sub rectangulate, entire-margined in lower 0.5; perianth (juvenile) subentire. [New Zealand], A. phoenicorhizus (Grolle) Schust. & Engel, comb. n. 3. Leaves sharply (2)3-4-lobed or lobulate at apex; underleaves 0.35-0.5 bifid, with mostly 1-3 coarse teeth on each side. 9 Bracts narrowly ovate, margins with several conspicuous teeth, some of which arise from basal 0.5; perianth laciniate-lobulate at mouth. [New Caledonia], A. iwatsukii Kitagawa Acroscyphus sect. Austroscyphus Schust., sect. n. Sectio a Neesioscypho differens ut (a) rhizoidea colore raagentea aut vinaceae; (_b) cauliculi rigidi, cellulis et medullae et corticis pachydermatis; ic) folia non bilobata, in culmine integra aut sub- integra. A Clasmatocolea differens ut (lj rhizoidea pigmentifera; (2j eamificatio nonnisi ventrali-intercalaris. Type. Acroscyphus nitidissimus Schust., sp. n. Acroscyphps nitidissimus Schust., sp. n. Plantae caespitosae, parce ramosae, omnes rami ventrali-inter- 456 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 7 calares, colore lignei ad brunneos, aspectu valde nitidi et politi. Folia concava anticaliter assurgentia conniventia, rotundo-quadrata, apice rotundato ad repandi-sinuosum, basibus anticalibus paululum decurrentibus, raarginibus apicibusque edentatis. Amphigastria sub- quadrata, 0.35 bifida, sinu forma letterae V, lobis subacutis ad acutos, triangularibus, marginibus lateralibus 1-2-dentes grossos ad basim latos habentibus. Cellulae mediae basalesque 12-14(15) x (28)30-40(42) pm, pachydermatae ; guttae olei (0)1-2 in omni cellula; lucentiae, homogeneae, 3-5 x 5-6 pm ad 3»2-3-5 x 3«2-4 pm. Rhizoi- dea in fasciculis e basibus amphigastriorum, colore vinacea aut magentea. Type. New Zealand, South Island, Buller: Paparoa Range, NW. of Mt. Euclid, 4300-4500 ft (RMS 84-1423). In the field this plant was regarded as something unique. The exceedingly shiny and polished-appearing gametophyte, erect in growth, with concave, unlobed and edentate leaves, antically connivent or as- surgent, were highly distinctive. The combination of (a) leaf cells, in leaf middle and below, elongated, rectangular, occasionally local¬ ly tiered; (_b) purely ventral-intercalary branching; (_c) bifid and toothed underleaves, suggests a remote affinity to Balantiopsidaceae subf. Isotachidoideae. Yet the cells bear 2 (less often 1 or 0) small, glistening oil-bodies — and such oil-bodies have not been seen in any other member of the Balantiopsidaceae (incl. Isotachidoi¬ deae). As a consequence, a very isolated element is surely at hand: a close affinity to Neesiosc.yphus seems unlikely to me. The edentate, wide leaves plus the deeply bifid underleaves with a sharp, V-shaped sinus, and 1-2 sharp, coarse lateral teeth of the disk margins, sug¬ gest A. t.jiwideiensis (Sde.-Lac.) Schust. & Engel, comb, n.^ This, however, is very different in the much broader leaves, strongly decur¬ rent antically; in the roughened cuticle; and in the relatively thin- walled cells with distinct trigones. The equally thick-walled cells, smooth cuticle, and only moderate¬ ly decurrent antical leaf bases suggest a closer affinity to Acroscy- phus phoenicorhizus (Grolle) Schuster & Engel, comb. n. [Basionym: Neesioscyphus phoenicorhizus Grolle, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 111:27, 1964.] That species, however, has more ovate-lanceolate underleaves, divided 0.12-0.2 via a U-shaped notch with rounded base. According to Grolle (l.c.) it grows in flat patches or mats, has lingulate leaves with apices often irregularly 4-5-dentate and the stem cortex is most¬ ly reddish-tinged, which is not the case in A. nitidissimus. Unfortu¬ nately, no mention is made of the texture of the plants. V/ith the recognition of Acroscyphus a number of problems are re¬ solved: (a) the phytogeographically unlikely position of "Clasmato- colea" t.jiwideiensis, and equally unlikely phytogeography of Neesioscy¬ phus (New World tropical, except for the subalpine -alpine antipodal, Australasian "N." phoenicorhizus) ; (_b) the anomalous position of t jiwideiensis in Geocalycaceae , a group otherwise not known to produce anthocyanin-type pigments. The unsatisfactory prior taxonomy of this complex is self-evident from the fact that 2 of the 4 known taxa were 1985 Schuster, Austral Htpcuttatie. 457 placed by Grolle (I960, p. 73; 1964, p. 27) respectively into Clasma- tocolea (Geocalycaceae , Geocalycineae ) and Neesioscyphus (Balantiopsida- ceae, Balantiopsidineae) — thus exceedingly far apart in the phylogen¬ etic systems of Schuster (1979, 1984). The 4 taxa of Acrosc.yphus, with 3 or 4 Gondwanalandic , the fourth on the "wrong" side of Wallace's Line, in Java, roughly parallel the range oJ Zoopsis H.f. & T. Strikingly, the purely neotropical range of Neesio- scyphus Grolle and Ruizanthus Schust. parallel the range of Zoopsi della Schust. The phytogeographical analogies are instructive and, surely, significant. IV. CHAETOPHYLLOPSIDACEAE ( JUNGE RMA NN IA I£S ) The family was described (Schuster, 1961) to include 2 monotypic genera, Chaetophyllopsis Schust. [with C. whiteleggei (Carr. & Pears.) Schust.] and Herzogianthus Schust. [with H. vaginatus (Herz.) Schust.]. The group is highly isolated but related, perhaps remotely, to the Ptilidiaceae. A third species has come to light, as follows: Herzogianthus sanguineus Schust., sp. n. Species a H. vagiantus differens ut: (a) ramificatio irregularis, multis. ramis primariis folia norraalia, non-vaginata, non-connata, suc- cubaque; foliis cauliculi similia, habentibus; ramificatio penitus ir- regulariter 2(3)-pinnata; (b) folia cauliculi variantia, saepe sine lobo anticali accessorio, lobus dorsalis solum 1-pauca cilia habens, duobus lobis ventralibus plerumque sine ciliis; (£) cilia 100-150 pm long.; (d) amphigastria cauliculi bifida, sine ciliis aut solum 1-2 cilia habentia; (d) plantae colore intense vinaceae, in situ saepe fere nigrae piceae. Type. New Zealand, South Island, Buller: W. slope of Paparoa Range, NW. of Mt. Euclid, 4300-4400 ft (RMS 84-1427). The plants grew in low turf and were densely caespitose, thus very different from H. vaginatus as regards growth pattern. The lat¬ ter, very regularly once-pinnate , with all primary branches usually vaginate -leaved, grows rather closely prostrate or creeping. The in¬ tensity of the pigmentation is remarkable: exposed sectors are all almost reddish black, when viewed by reflected light. The color sug¬ gests a rather fleshy Lepidolaena. Plants are soft yet brittle, with fleshy stems, and are relatively fragile — quite unlike H. vaginatus. They are also much less setigerous than the latter: stem leaves are often virtually devoid of cilia, although dorsal lobes commonly bear several setae; ventral lobes are eciliate or bear, at most, 1-2 cilia each. V. I£JEUNEACEAE The Lejeuneaceae of Australasia remain exceedingly poorly known. The following represent several new taxa discovered during 1984. 1. New taxa of Colole.jeunea (Spr.) Schiffn.: 458 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 7 Colole.jeunea inflexifolia Schust., sp. n. Species C. cucullifoliae (Herz.) Schust. et C. ellipsoideae Schust. similis ut: (a) apices foliorum rotundati ad obtusos, oranes cellulae non-tuberculatae ; (b) lobuli numquam polymorphici ; ( c ) folia remota, convexa, aspectu quasi inflata. Species nova ab arababus spe- ciebus ut: (a) lobuli 2 dentes apicales iuxtapositos praebentes, denti bus suprapositis; (b) apices lobi obtuse triangulares et valde decur- vato-inflexi, apice cauliculum versus directo; ( £ ) styli distincti e (3)^-5 cellulis superpositis formati. Type. New Zealand, South Island, Westland: Lake Mahinapua Forest Reserve, N. of Ross (RMS 84-1133; on twigs of Myrsine nummularia ). Distinct from all Colole.jeunea species of Australasia in the (a) strongly inflated lobule ( whose antical margin, in situ, is com¬ pletely hidden) ; (_b) lobule apex, much as in A phanole ,j e unea , bearing 2 closely juxtaposed teeth, with the proximal tooth 1-celled and elong ated, the distal, 2-celled, with the apical cell usually oriented so that (in ventral aspect) it lies over the proximal 1-celled tooth; (c) styli filiform and 3-4-5-celled; (_d) deflexed-inf lexed triangu¬ lar lobe apex so curved under that its apex often overlies and ob¬ scures the 2 ventral teeth of the lobule apex. Colole.jeunea fragilis Schust., sp. n. Species C. cucullifoliae et C. ellipsoideae similis ut: (a) apex lobuli singulum dentem apicalem potius quara 2 iuxtapositos habet; (_b) apex loborum non deflexo-inf lexus; (c) stylus vestigial- is, tantummodo papilla. Species nova ex ambabus"" speciebus distincta ut: (a) habeas non modo ilium dentem apicalem unicellularem sed eti- am dentem proximalem tricellularem qui paululum a distali iacit; (_b) lobi convexi obovoidei, solum ca. 0.25 maiores quam lobuli. Type. New Zealand, South Island: Waterfall Track, W. of Lewis Pass, Lewis Pass Reserve; on leaf of Pseudowintera colorata (RMS 84- l699d; trace only, on Hoyer's Fluid slide) . Growing with Ephemerop- sis trentepohlioides, Austrole jeunea olgae. A, hispida, and Colole¬ .jeunea laevigata. Unfortunately known only from a trace, mixed with the aforemen¬ tioned taxa. This tiny species, with the remote-leaved shoots only 340-360 p. wide, is barely 0.2 the size of C. pulchella. Perhaps re¬ motely allied to C. minutissima and C. cucullif olia, but clearly dif¬ ferent in: (a) the obovate lobes, widest distad of their middle; (£) distal lobular tooth 1-celled, proximal, 3-celled vs. a 2-celled dis¬ tal tooth and low proximal angulation in the last 2 species. Cololejeunea pulchella (Mitt.) Schust. var. stylifera Schust., var. n. Varietas C. pulchellae typicae et C. laevigatae (Mitt.) Schust. similis foliis non-inf latis, nitidis +_ umbricatis, et lobulis 2-3 ad 3-4 dentes habentibus; ab ambabus dif ferns ut: (a) styli ex 1-2 ad 6-7 cellulas cauliculi elongatas + papilla mucosa distali formati; 1985 Schuster, Austral Htpcuticae. 459 (b) folia super axem valde elevata; (_c) lobulus 3(4) dentes hflbens, dente maxime distali 2-3 cellulis a carina seiuncto; (ji) perianthi- um aegre compressum. Type. New Zealand, North Island: Lake Rotoiti, Nelson Lakes Natl. Park (RMS 84-2964; on twigs of Myrsine ) ■ Plants occurred mixed with Austrole.jeunea hispida, Drepanolejeunea sp., Radula physoloba, and Frullania spp. Stem leaves are so elevated above the creeping stem that, in dorsal aspect, much of the stem is exposed, the leaves looking rela¬ tively distant. As in var. pule he 11a, leaves are rather narrowly obovate from a narrow base. If the stylus criteria prove constant, we perhaps have an autonomous species. 2. A new species of Cheilole .jeunea (Spr.) Schiffn. Cheilole.leunea novae zelandiae Schust., sp. n. Species C. albovirenti (H. f. & T.) Hodgs. et C. campbelliensi (Steph.) Schust. similis ut: (a) inf lore see nt iae , autoeciae ; (]>) 9 innovationes, nisi sporadicaliter nullae, typi Pycnole.jeuneae (cf. Schuster, 1984^. Species a C. albori rente distincta ut folium ad angulum ca. 70 patet et non cochleariforme ; et transitione abrupta e carina ad lobum, ambobus ad angulum ca. 45 ; sinus amphigastrii plerumque apertus, saepe forma litterae U. AC. campbelliense dis¬ tincta ut: (a) lobi foliorurn acuti ad anguste triangulares, deflexo- involuti; (bT cellulae carinae ut tuberculi alti pachydermates ele- vatae; ( c ) amphigastria magna, saepe imbricata, 3 plo latiora quam caulicula vel plus; (d) guttae olei 1-2(3) in omni cellula, in seg- menta tenuiter divisae; (e) dens apicalis lobularis unicellularis, rectus et acutissimus. Type. New Zealand, South Island, Buller: W. slope of Paparoa Range, W. of Morgan Tarn, 4000-4300 ft (RMS 84-1526). This autoecious species has the 9 innovations always paired on acrogynous gynoecia. These innovations show Pycnole.jeunea-type mer- ophyte sequencing (for terms see Schuster, 1980, where the concept of merophyte sequencing is discussed). Leaf lobes are geniculate, with the triangularly pointed lobe apex strongly deflexed or invol¬ ute. Keelar cells are maximally tuberculate-produced, the apical thickening strongly biconvex. Mature leaves have marginal cells similarly, if less strongly, armed — so that lobes are denticulate in profile. The oil-bodies are unique, in all Cheilole. jeunea spe¬ cies I have seen, in being finely botryoidal or granular-botryoidal; they are often single and then crescentic, but more often 2 (rarely 3) per cell. VI. TREDBIAIES The Treubiaceae were monographed by Schuster & Scott (1969), in which memoir the primitive Treubia tasmanica Schust. & Scott was described. In this species, unlike in all others from Australasia examined, about 60-85% of median leaf cells bear solitary oil-bodies and the oil-body-bearing cells are scarcely differentiated from those 460 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 7 which contain, as visible inclusions, only chloroplasts. This relative¬ ly small species, (4)5-9 mm wide x 15-35(40) mm long, remains known on¬ ly from Tasmania. It appears to be replaced in alpine-subalpine sectors of New Zealand by the following: Treubia pygmaea Schust., sp. n. Species a T. tasmanica differens ut: (a) folia unistratosa per latitudinem 16-20 cellulis; cellulae folii magnitudine satis varian- tes, et cellulae sparsae in sectoribus marginali-periferalibus folior- um ocellos 1. 8-2.4 latiores quam diameter cellularum contiguarum for- mantes; partes mediae laminae ce Hulas sparsas area multo maiores (1.5-2. 5 X) quam cellulae propinquae habentes; cellulae partis mediae folii 50-60% sine guttis olei. Type. New Zealand, South Island, Buller: E. slope of Paparoa Range, along steep rivulet, 1.5-2 1cm below Morgan Tarn, 5100-3200 ft (RMS 84-1664). This species, like T. tasmanica, has oil-bodies present in over 95% of marginal leaf sectors (vs. under 25% in T. lacunosal) so that these sectors appear quite opaque. Even though, as in T. tasmanica, epidermal leaf cells are never strikingly enlarged (vs. in T. lacun- osa, where large epidermal ocelli are a prominent feature), T. pyg¬ maea shows some very large internal cells of polystratose median and basal leaf sectors; these cells may bear oil-bodies up to 90 x 120 to 95 x 140 p. In this respect, T. pygmaea superficially resembles T. lacunosa, but the latter has both epidermal and inner cells in part strikingly enlarged, forming ocelli. VII. MARCHANTIALES 1. Reboulia hemisphaerica subsp. australis, subsp. n. Subsp. a subspecie hemisphaerica differens ut: (a) ut videtur semper autoecia (cf disci in ramis thalli distinctis a 9 receptacu- lis); (_b) cf disci subacute elevati, e tela thalli circumdente valde delimitati, per circulum parvum squamarum minutarum sed perspicuar- um circumdati. Type. New Zealand, North Island, Rangitoto I. in Auckland Harbour (RMS, John Braggins, and Margaret Brown 84-2673) • I have collected R. hemisphaerica throughout the Northern Hemis¬ phere, from Japan to North America, Europe, Macaronesia, and North Africa. All populations seen — probably well over 200 in the field alone — uniformly agreed in developing ill-defined androecia, with the several aggregated, low ostioles not sharply circumscribed. Both "normal" paroecious populations have been seen as well as occasional dioecious ones (Japan and Spain; these to be reported on). No plant seen from the Northern Hemisphere ever had autoecious inflorescences and, more significantly, large , discoid, elevated, sharply defined cf receptacles, bounded peripherally by a circlet of small, dark scales, aside from subsp. orientalis. Such well-defined androecia are reminis¬ cent of those seen, i.a., in Conocephalum and Lunularia. 1985 Schuster, Austral He.pcuti.ctie. 461 It is possible this taxon deserves the rank of an autonomous species but since I have seen very few populations from New Zealand (and only the type had well-developed mature androecia), I hesitate to ascribe more than subspecies status to the plant. Spore criteria may yet dictate treatment as a separate species. The status of the New Zealand plant is visibly complicated by the fact that in Japan similar plants, with well-defined androecia occur (cf. Inoue, 1976, pi. 73). These, however, differ as follows: PRELIMINARY KEY TO SUBSPECIES OF R. HEHISPHAERICA 1. Monoecious . 2. 2. Autoecious: cf and q receptacles normally on separate branches, cf Receptacle large, circular or subcircular, well delimited, elevated above thallus and circumscribed by a ringlike depres¬ sion between it and thallus, the depression giving rise to small paleae . 3« 3. cf and 9 Receptacles typically on leading or elongated thal¬ lus segments. [New Zealand], R. hemisphaerica subsp. australis 3. 9 (and sometimes cf) Receptacles typically on abbreviated ven¬ tral-intercalary segments that are narrow-based or suoetipitate (main thallus usually remaining sterile, typically innovating apically, the innovation often remaining sterile, often again innovating; sometimes an innovation androecial at apex). [Japan] . R« hemisphaerica subsp. orientalis, subsp. n. 2. Paroecious: cf receptacle ill defined, or 1 or 2 posterior to 9 re¬ ceptacle, often reniform or irregular in form, usually small, little elevated and not sharply bounded, without well-developed circlet of peripheral scales. Both cf and 9 receptacles typically at apices of leading thallus segments, sporadically to exception¬ ally on abbreviated lateroventral segments. R. hemisphaerica subsp. hemisphaerica 1. Dioecious; cf and 9 receptacles on different plants. [Scattered: southern Europe, etc.]. R. hemisphaerica subsp. dioica, subsp. n. The above subclassification of the protean R. hemisphaerica is probably overly simplistic. With further study, elevations in rank may be needed, and, at the species level, numerous names are avail¬ able, some of which may be applicable. It is not worth the effort to clear up now what may prove to be a major undertaking requiring decades of effort to disentangle. For the moment the 4 subspecies admitted here seem reasonably sharply separable. The 2 new sub¬ species admitted are distinguishable as follows: Reboulia hemisphaerica subsp. orientalis Schust., subsp. n. Subsp. a subspecie hemisphaerica distincta ut: (a) inf lorescentia 462 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 7 semper autoecia; (_b) d disci in thallo non dorsales sed terminales. 9 Receptaculis similes, disco bene definito, ex incisura terrainali eminante, super superficiera thalli elevato, ostiola antheridialia coarctata continente; ( c_ ) 9 receptaculae plerumque e ramis parvis stipitatis, ventrali-intercalaribus ex thallo principali (qui aut sterili aut d) , rariu6 ex incisuris apicalibus segmentorura princi- palium, derivatae. Type . Mt. Araagi, Izu Peninsula, Shizuoka Pref., Honshu, Japan (RMS 74-305) . The type material has d disks often terminal on main segments, but sometimes terminating ventral-intercalary branches. In other populations (e.g. , those figured by Inoue, 1976, pi. 73: 1,7,12), main thalli may remain sterile, but show apical innovations which may also remain sterile but may produce d disks. Inoue also shows the d disk as circular, well defined, with many antheridial osti- oles. His pi. 73:11 shows an elevated, sharply demarcated disk, but lacking peripheral paleae. In my type the elevated d disk is fringed by small, dark scales — as in subsp. australis. Such paleae are very rarely developed and bound only the most optimally developed androecia in subsp. hemisphaerica. [The highly variable sexual situ¬ ation in that subspecies will be discussed extensively in Vol. V of my The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America; in sched.] Subsp. orientalis seems closest to subsp. australis in the terminal position of the always well -developed, elevated, d receptacles. All of the numerous phenotypes of subsp. hemisphaerica seen have d re¬ ceptacles strictly dorsal on, usually leading, thallus segments. Reboulia hemisphaerica subsp. dioica Schust., subsp. n. Subspecies ex omni alia prole R. hemisphaericae distincta ga- metophyto unisexuali. Type. Granada, Spain: gardens of the Generalife (RMS 73-001). Unisexual populations of R. hemisphaerica have seldom been seen; they apparently do not occur at all in North America. I anticipate discussing them in more detail in another connection. 2. The genus Dumortiera new to New Zealand. Monoclea and Dumortiera are raong the "giants" in the Marchan- tiidae and, correspondingly, almost impossible to overlook. Be¬ cause of the translucent thalli, the two are readily confused in the field by the uninitiated. During three long periods (1961-62, 1967, 1983-84) in New Zealand, I repeatedly searched for Dumortiera — the common Monoclea usually being found, but not Dumortiera. However, on March l8, 1984, D. hirsuta s. lat. was discovered along the "Kiwanis Track" along a small stream, at the east end of Heri- kino State Forest, south of Kaitaia, below an extensive Nikau Palm grove forest (RMS 84-2330). The Dumortiera population was at the stream edge, where sub¬ ject to inundation. Plants were fertile, but lacked capsules. They 1985 Schuster, Austral He.paXA.cae. 463 lacked the velvety thallus surface of the "nepalensis" or "velutina" phase (= D. nepalensis) but had vestigial indications of the surface areolation (remnants of the vertical walls of the obsolute air cham¬ ber partitions). It is inexplicable to me that such a conspicuous and prominent liverwort should have remained undiscovered for so many years in New Zealand. There is nothing in the habitat that cannot be repeat¬ edly duplicated elsewhere in New Zealand — yet the genus seems to be consistently absent from otherwise seemingly appropriate loci. At the single known station there is limited but clear evidence of human disturbance, suggesting that perhaps the species was introduced. FOOTNOTE Basionym: Chiloscyphus t.jiwideiensis Sde.-Lac.. Nedrl. Kruidk. Arch. 3:4l8, 1359-. Placed by Grolle (i960, p. 73) and Engel (19&0, p. 154) into Clasmatocolea, as C. t.jiwideiensis (Sde.-Lac.) Grolle. However, anthocyanin-derived, reddish pigments never seem to occur in the Geo- calycaceae, s. lat. (incl. Lophocoleaceae) , and the rhizoid color a- lone seems to eliminate the species from Clasmatocolea and other Lopho- coleoideae. Also, as Engel (l.c., p. 9) has shown, of 20 species as¬ signed by him to Clasmatocolea, following Grolle (l.c.), only "Clasma¬ tocolea11 t.jiwideiensis has branching reduced to only the ventral-inter¬ calary type. The species is also the only one of those assigned to Clasmatocolea which is Malaysian (and tropical) in range, while all other taxa are subantarctic to temperate-antipodal in range. Pigmen¬ tation patterns, branching modes, and phytogeography all suggest that the species was misplaced by Grolle in Clasmatocolea . REFERENCES Engel, J. J. 1980. A monograph of Clasmatocolea (Hepaticae). Field- iana (Botany) N.S. 3:i-viii, 1-229, figs. 1-29. Grolle, R. i960. Nachtrag zu "Revision der Clasmatocolea-Arten." Rev. Bryol. Lichen. 29(1-2) : 68-91, pis. 1-3. _ 1964. Neesioscyphus — eine neue Lebermoosgattung mit gedreh- ten Sporogonklappen. Osterr. Bot. Zeitschr. lll(l) : 19-36. HMssel de Menendez, G. G. 1972. Revision taxonomica del Genero "Riccardia" (Hepaticae). ... Rev. Mus. Argent. Cienc. Nat. "Ber¬ nardino Rivadavia" Bot. 4(1): 1-242, pis. 1-12. Inoue, H. 1976. Illustrations of Japanese Hepaticae. 2. Pp. i-viii, 1-193, pis. l-8l. Tokyo. Kitagawa, N. 1984. A new genus of Hepaticae from New Caledonia. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 35(1-3): 1-6. Schuster, R. M. 1961. Studies on Hepaticae. II. The new family Chaetophyllopsidaceae. J. Hatt. Bot. Lab. 23 [ I960] : 68-76. _ 1964. Studies on Antipodal Hepaticae. IV. Metzgeriales. Ibid. 27:183-216. 464 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 7 Schuster, R. M. 1978. Studies on Venezuelan Hepaticae. I. Phytologia 39(4): 239-51. _ 1979* The Phylogeny of the Hepaticae. In: Clarke, G.C.S. & J . G. Duckett (eds.), Systematics Assoc. Special Vol. no. l4. Bryo- phyte Systematics. Pp. 4l-82. Academic Press, London and New York _ 1980. The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America. Vol. IV Pp. i-xix, 1-1334, figs. 476-765. Columbia Univ. Press, New York. _ 1983. Phytogeography of the Bryophyta. In: Schuster, R. M. Ted.), New Manual of Bryology, Vol. I. Pp. 463-626. The Hattori Botanical Laboratory, Nichinan, Miyazaki, Japan. _ 1984. Evolution, Phylogeny and Classification of the Anthocer¬ otae. Ibid. Vol. II. Pp. 892-1070. _ & G. A. M. Scott. 1969. A study of the family Treubiaceae (Hep aticae, Metzgeriales) . J. Hatt. Bot. Lab. 32:219-68, figs. 1-12. Showalter, A. M. 1926. Studies in the cytology of the Anacrogynae. II. Fertilization in Piccardia pinguis. Ann. Bot. 40:713-26, figs. 1-4, pis. 25-27. _ 1928. Ibid. V. Hybrid fertilization in Riccardia pinguis. La Cellule 38:295-348, figs. 1-29, pis. 1-5. ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE GENUS LIPPIA. XX Harold N. Moldenke LIPPIA Houst. Additional bibliography: Ulrich, Internat. Wfirterb. , ed. 1, 128. (1871), ed. 2, imp. 1, 128 (1872), and ed. 2, imp. 2. 1875; Diels, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 29: 547. 1900; Rusby, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 27: 80. 1900; K. Schum. , Justs Bot. Jahresber. 28 (1): 496 — 497. 1900; Ulrich, Internat. WOrterb., ed.3, 128. 1917; Nair, Ramachandran, Ramesh, Nagarajan, & Subramanian, Indian Journ. Chem. 11: 1316 — 1317. 1973; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 58: 1760. 1974; Balgooy, Pacif. PI. Areas 3: 244. 1975; B. C. Stone, Henderson Malay Wild FIs. App. 16. [1977 t; Lindquist, Royas Rep. Argent. Zon. Limit. 89. 1982; Mold., Phytologia 56: 380 & 420—447. 1984. LIPPIA ABVSSINICA (Otto & Dietr.) Cuf. Additional bibliography: K. Schum., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 28 (1) : 496. 1900; Mold., Phytologia 56: 358. 1984. LIPPIA BURTON I I J. G. Baker Additional bibliography: K. Schum., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 28 (1) : 496. 1900; Mold., Phytologia 48: 163. 1981. LIPPIA CALLICARPAEFOLIA h.b.k. Additional bibliography: Briq., Bull. Herb. Boiss., ser. 1, 4: 341. 1896; Mold., Phytologia 56: 427—428. 1984. LIPPIA H1RSUTA var. MORITZII (Turcz.) L<5pez-Palacios Additional bibliography: K. Schum., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 28 (1) : 497. 1900; Mold., Phytologia 56: 444—445. 1984. LIPPIA KITUIENSIS Vatke Additional synonymy: LZppZa? kZtuZznAZ- 6 Vatke, Linnaea 43: 528. 1882. LZppZa (?) kZZue.n6Z6 Vatke apud K. Schum., Justs Bot. Jahres¬ ber. 28 (1): 496. 1900. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 176 — 177. 1981. LIPPIA LACUNOSA Mart. & Schau. The corollas are described as having been "rose" on HeAA.nge.Ji i aZ. 5 38 & 7493 and "rose, the center yellow" on H&>iZnge.Ji i aZ. 482 7 & 5392 and Mendonqa & Noqu.eZ>ia 147, "rose-lilac" on H4.Ju.ngeA 7 5902, "lilac" on H£JiZnge.Ji & aZ. 644, "lilac, the throat yellow" on PeKeZJia 288, "avermelhadas" on H4kZngeJi & aZ. 205, and "roseo-avermelhas o centro amarelado" on HfvLngeA & clZ. 5088. Material of L. Za.cu.n06a. has been misidentif ied and distributed in some herbaria as L. eupato JvLiun Schau. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Distrito Federal: HOiZnge.Ji & aZ. 644 (N) ; Hi/u.ngeA, F ZZgu.eA.K0L6, Mendonqa., i Pe.JieA.Ka 7493 (N, w — 465 466 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 7 2971676); Heningen, FA.gueA.ficu> , M endonya, Pejieina, Htfiinge.fi Satie* , & SU.ua. 4827 (n) , 5088 (n) , 5392 (e— 2978861, N) ; Htninge.fi, Paula, Men- donga, l Htninge.fi Satie* 205 (E— 2770491), 538 (N) , 644 (w— 2926627) ,- Mendonca l Slogueina 14 7 (n) ; PeAeina 288 (n, w — 2958143). Goiis: Hai*chbadi 43073 (Ld) ,- Heningen. 15902 (n) . LIPPIA LACUNOSA var. ACUT1P0L1A Mold. Additional bibliography: Brenan, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 16: 166. 1981; Mold., Phytologia 48: 177. 1981. LIPPIA LAMIAMA (Mold.) Mold., Phytologia 53: 461. 1983. Synonymy: Lantana iamiana Mold., Lilloa 5: 413. 1940. Bibliography: Mold., Lilloa 5: 413. 1940; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 40. 1942; Mold., Alph. List Cit. 1: 264. 1946; H. N. & A. L. Mold., PI. Life 2: 68. 1948; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 2, 99 & 188. 1949; Mold., Resume 116 & 459. 1959; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 186 (1971) and 2: 886. 1971; Mold., Phytol. 2: 177 & 555. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 53: 461. 1983. Stems branching, the branches virgate, medium-s lender , obtusely tetragonal, densely incanous with short, closely appressed, white, strigose hairs, less densely so toward the base in age; nodes very obscurely annulate; principal internodes 1.5 — 3.8 cm. long, mostly much abbreviated; leaves numerous, decussate-opposite; petioles ob¬ solete or to 3 mm. long, flattened and winged, incanous-strigose ; leaf-blades firmly membranous, stiff, ascending, often conduplicate, narrow- lanceolate or -oblanceolate , incanoous on both surfaces, to 7.5 cm. long, 9 — 10 mm. wide, acute at both ends, marginally suben¬ tire or remotely dentate near the apex, densely strigose on both surfaces with short white hairs; midrib slender, subimpressed above, prominulent beneath; secondaries numerous, slender, short, 5 — 9 per side, ascending, not much arcuate; vein and veinlet reticulation fine, nor prominulent, mostly obscure or indiscernible above; heads subglobose, solitary in the uppermost leaf-axils, 1 or 2 pairs per branch, much shorter than the subtending leaves, incanous throughout. The species is based on an unnumbered collection of T. Rojas (Hassler 9901; Herb. Osten 19904), collected on a high plateau and in declivities in the Sierra de Amambay, Paraguay, in December, 1907, and deposited in the herbarium of the Naturhistor isches Museum in Vienna. It is named in honor of my late respected colleague. Dr. Herman Johannes Lam, who did such noteworthy work on the 1/en.benaceae of the Pacific region. Citations: PARAGUAY: T. RcijaA &.n. [Hassler 9901; Herb. Osten 19904] (Ld — photo of type, N — clastotype, N — photo of type, Ug — isotype, V — type). LIPPIA LANTAN1F0L1A F. Muell. Additional bibliography: T. B. Muir, Muelleria 2: 166. 1972; Mold., Phytologia 48: 177. 1981. LIPPIA LASlOCALyCINA Cham. Additional bibliography: C. Muell. in Walp. , Ann. Bot. Syst. 5: 707. 1860; S. Moore, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot., ser. 2, 4: 436. 1985 Moldenke, Notes on LLpp-La. 467 1895; Angely, S. Amer. Bot. Bibl. 2: 676. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 48: 177 (1981) and 54: 236. 1983; Raj, Rev. Palaeobot. Palyn. 39: 350, 364, 396, 400, & 403, pi. 3, fig. 4. 1983. Additional illustrations: Raj, Rev. Palaeobot. Palyn. 39: 403, pi. 3, fig. 4. 1983. Recent collectors describe this plant as a shrub, 2 m. tall, and have found it growing in flooded sandy clay soil at forest borders, in both flower and fruit in March. The corollas are said by Hdrin- ger to be rose-color. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Distrito Federal: H&i-Lngtti 16922 (E — 2978845, N) . Mato Grosso: Mactdo , Vuantc, i AbAuumpyxo 1399 (N) . LIPPIA LAS10CALVC1NA var. SAINTHILAIREI Mold. Additional bibliography: Angely, S. Amer. Bot. Bibl. 2: 676. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 48: 177. 1981. Fernandes & Nunes describe this plant as a subshrub, with lilac- colored corollas, and found it growing in carrasco, in flower in November. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Piaui: FcAndndCA & Nu nCA , HeAb . Pfistico BezeA^a 10S76 (f — 1931268). LIPPIA LAXIBRACTEATA Herzog Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 178 (1981) and 50: 248. 1982. LIPPIA LI8ERIENSIS Mold. Synonymy: L-ippta LibCKtCYlALA Reis & Lipp, New PI. Sources Drugs 252 sphalm. 1982. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 178. 1981; Reis & Lipp, New PI. Sources Drugs 252. 1982; Mold., Phytologia 54: 232. 1983. Folsom describes this plant as suf frutescent, erect, the bracts green, and the corollas white to yellow, and found it growing in re¬ growth shrubbery on cutover hillsides, in flower in May. Material has been misidentif ied and distributed in some herbaria as L. cjodUU.ca.KpoLzholA.0. h.b.k. Additional citations: COSTA RICA: Puntarenas: Tonduz 4429 [1516] (W — 1322892). PANAMA: Veraguas: F oU>om 3099 (E — 2608125). LIPPIA LINDMANII Briq. Additional bibliography: Brenan, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 16: 166. 1981; Mold., Phytologia 48: 178. 1981. LIPPIA LINPMANII f. OPPOSITIFOLIA Mold. Additional bibliography: Brenan, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 16: 166. 1981; Mold., Phytologia 48: 178. 1981. LIPPIA LINEARIF0LIA Mold. Additional bibliography: Brenan, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 16: 166. 1981; Mold., Phytologia 48: 178. 1981. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: HcLtAch.bo.ch 2781 2 (N isotype) . 468 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 7 LIPPIA LOJENSIS Mold., Phytologia 54: 235 nom. nud. (1983) and 55: 113, 115, & 116, pi. 2. 1984. Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 54: 235 (1983) and 55: 113, 115, & 116, pi. 2. 1984. Illustrations: Mold., Phytologia 55: 116, pi. 2. 1984. Citations: ECUADOR: Loja: Haht 1315 (N — isotype, W--2939976 — type). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Mold., Phytologia 55: 116, pi. 2. 1984 (Ld, Ld) . LIPPIA LUCENS Standi. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 178 (1981) and 56: 432 & 433. 1984. Dawson and his associates describe this plant as a small tree, 10 feet tall, the stems 2 inches in diameter at the base, the leaves aromatic, and encountered it in wet ravines. The Moiina R. 5 49, 1134, & 1456 distributed and previously cited by me as L. tucZnS , seem actually to be L. C0nth.0VZh.Sa Mold, instead, while Molina R. £ Molina 22835 is L. conth.ovzh.sa var. bh.zvipzduncu- lata Mold. Additional citations: HONDURAS: Comay agua: EdlMah.dS 514 (W — 1588714 — isotype) ; Yunckzh, Vauison, £ VOUSZ 6003 (w — 1638914) . LIPPIA LUPUL INA Cham. Additional & emended bibliography: D. Dietr., Syn. Pi. 3: 597. 1843; Bocq., Adansonia, ser. 1 [Baill., Rec. Obs. Bot.], 3: 244. 1863; Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pf lanzenfam. , ed. 1, 4 (3a): 152. 1895; Mold., Phytologia 48: 179 (1981), 50: 247 (1982), and 56: 342. 1984. Recent collectors have encountered this plant in cerrado, in flow¬ er in December, February, and March. The corollas are described as having been "lilac" on Pzh.ziha 208, "rose, the tube yellow" on HZiingZh. £ at. 6202, "purple (10 P 6/8) on Lindzjnan £ Haas 3055, "with white, yellow, and rose" on Casas £ al. FC . 7504 and "avermel- hadas" on HzhingZK £ out. 6642. The bracts are described by Linde- man & Haas as having been "purple (10 P 6/6)". The HzhbZhX H. Smith. S.n., cited by me in a previous publication in this series as typical L. lupulinx, actually represents its var. pah.aguaniznsis chod. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Distrito Federal: H(thingZh, Fil- guzinas , Mzndonca, l Pzh.zin.a. 6202 (N) , 6642 (n) ; Penzina 208 (n) . Mato Grosso: Eitzn & Eitzn 9034 (w — 2971855) ; Muh.£a PihZA & FuKtado 17114 (Ld) . Minas Gerais: W. R. A ndzKAOn 8141 (W — 2755316); R zgnzii 111.1620 [10/10/1868] (W— 1232005, W— 132006) ; WiliiamA & AiA it 6618 (w — 1932760). Par A : Pnancz, Siiva, Bzn.g, HzndzKAon, Nzit on, Baiick, Bahia, £ Santos P. 24196 (W— 2868550), P.25103 (W— 2868559) . ParanA: Hat&ckbach 26198 (Ba) , 31062 (Ba) Lindzman & Haas 3055 (ws) . Para¬ guay: Casas, Hahn, £ Schinini FC.1504 (n) . mounted illustrations: Ferre, PI. Bras. Esp. Cerrado [145], fig. 61. 1969 (Ld) . LIPPIA LUPUL IMA f. ALBA Mold., Phytologia 56: 342. 1984. Synonymy: Lippia pahaguahizuSiS Briq. in Chod. & Hassler, Bull. Herb. Boiss., ser. 2, 4: 1163 — 1164. 1904. Lippia iupuiina var. 1985 469 Moldenke, Notes on tippta albt^totia Troncoso, Darwiniana 12: 258 & 289 — 291. 1961. tippta patiaguattien6t6 Briq., Chod.f & Hassl., in herb. Bibliography: Briq. in Chod. & Hassler, Bull. Herb. Boiss. , ser. 2, 4: 1163 — 1164. 1904; Briq. in Chod. & Hassler, PI. Hassler. 2 (11): 499. 1904; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 3: 104. 1908; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 41 & 96. 1942; Mold., Lilloa 8: 425 (1942) and 10: 378—379. 1944; Mold., Alph. List Cit. 1: 264 (1946) and 3: 693, 1949; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 2, 99 & 190. 1949; Mold., Resume 117 & 462. 1959; Troncoso, Darwin¬ iana 12: 258 & 289 — 291, pi. 4, & fig. 17. 1961; Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A. 5: 586. 1962; Mold., Resume Suppl. 5: 5 — 7. 1962; Mold., Phy- tologia 12: 271. 1965; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 186 (1971) and 2: 563 & 892. 1971; Mold., Phytologia 39: 171. 1978; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 179. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 48: 179. 1981. Illustrations: Troncoso, Darwiniana 12: 290, pi. 4 & fig. 17. 1961. Inasmuch as this plant seems to differ from the typical form of the species only in its white corollas, modern practice would indi¬ cate nothing higher than form rank for it, and the only epithet available for it in that category is atba. Citations: PARAGUAY: Ca6CU> i MoleAO FC.6409 J(N — type; Hat>6le.tl 7802 (It — photo, Kr — photo, N, N — photo, w — photo) Pe.de.tiie.n 9428 (N, W— 2883280) . MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Briq. in Chod. & Hassler, Bull. Herb. Boiss., ser. 2, 4: 1163 — 1164. 1904 (W) . LIPPIA LUPUL1NA var. PARAGUARIENSIS Chod. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 179. 1981. Casas & Molero describe this plant as 50 cm. tall, growing in sandy soil of cerrado. The Smith collection, cited below, was previ¬ ously erroneously cited by me as typical L. tu.pudti.YWL. It certainly also bears striking resemblance to L. diamaYlttne.Yl6t{> Glaz. Additional & emended citations: BRAZIL: Distrito Federal: Jtuutn i SodeAbtAom 5150 (w — 2630582). Mato Grosso: HeAbe.tiX T. Smith 6.n. [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Jan. 14876] (Ja— 14876, W— 1199748) . PARAGUAY: Cou>cu> & Solano PC. 6374 (n) . LIPPIA MARTI ANA Schau. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 180. 1981; Silva, Sano, & Silva, An. Congres. Nac. Bot. 32: 21. 1981. Recent collectors describe this plant as a shrub, the leaves "coriacea escassa", and have encountered it among disturbed cerrado vegetation, in flower in February. The corollas are said to have been "white" on H4.tu.ngeA. i. at. 6509. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Distrito Federal: He.tu.nge.ti, Ftt- gutitiaA , M e.ndon$a, & PeAatKe. 6509 (w — 2926786); HeAtngei, Paata, Men- donyi, i SatZeA 361 (Ld, n, n) ; HeAb. Tax. Ctati Untv. Ekoa. 367 (W— 2975916). Goias: W. R. A ndeA60n 10228 (W— 2755317) ; Itutin, Gtieati, Souza, & Santo6 13726 (w — 2630584). LIPPIA MATT0GR0SSENS1S Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 180. 1981. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Mato Grosso: W. R. A ndeA60n 9857 (w — 2755322); Itwoin, Souza, GtieO-tl, & Santo* 16787 (w — 2630585), 17457 (W— 2630583). 470 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 7 LIPPIA MCl/AUGHI Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 180 (1981) and 54: 230. 1983; Knobloch, Phytol. Mem. 6: 45. 1983; Mold., Phytologia 55: 43 (1984) and 56: 426 & 427. 1984. Recent collectors describe this plant as an understory shrub, 2 — 3 m. tall, or as a tree, 5 — 6 m. tall, "la corteza parda, fisurada y se desprende en largas tiras", and the bracts white or greenish-white. They have found it growing in dry forests on a granitic substrate with BUA4 6.4CI and CochZo&pZKmum, low deciduous woods, and secondary deciduous woods on metamorphic soil, at 200 — 250 m. altitude, in flower in February, and in fruit in February, May, and August. They report the vernacular name, "cuero de venado". The corollas are said to have been "white" on MagaZZan&i 31 0 & 275 4 and "yellowish" on MagaZZan&i 98 2. The MagaZZanzA 275 4 collection is very typical of the species in all respects. Material of L. mcvaughZ has been misidentif ied and distributed in some herbaria as L. baacttOAa (Mart. s.Gal.) Mold., L. caZZZcaapae.- ^oZZa H.B.K., and L. nuZayiA Robinson & Greenm. Additional citations: MEXICO: Colima: Mcl laugh & KoaZz 1660 (W — 2452252 — isotype). Jalisco: MagaZZaneA 310 (Me — 234439), 98 2 (Ld) , 275 4 (Ld) . Michoacan: M zZZZ 5339 (Ld) . Oaxaca: ConzaZZZ 3202 (W — 1082244); Refco 3579 (W— 888474). LIPPIA MCl/AUGHI var. LATIFOLIA Mold., Phytologia 55: 43. 1984. Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 55: 43. 1984. Citations: MEXICO: Jalisco: P& MLZ J. 389 (Ld — type) . LIPPIA MEPICA Fenzl ex Baill., Hist. Pi. 11: 94. 1891. Bibliography: Baill., Hist. Pi. 11: 94. 1891; Mold., Phytologia 50: 255 & 269. 1982. Nothing is known to me about this puzzling taxon. LIPPIA MICROCEPHALA Cham. Additional & emended bibliography: C. Muell. in Walp.,Ann. Bot. Syst. 5: 707. 1860; Bocg. , Adansonia, ser. 1 [Baill., Rec. Obs. Bot.], 3: 244. 1863; Wehmer, Pflanzenst., ed. 1, 646. 1911; Hubert, Trav. Lab. Mat. Mdd. Fac. Pharm. 13: [Verb. Util. Mat. Med.] 41--42. 1921; Wehmer, Pflanzenst., ed. 2, 1021. 1931; Mold., Phytologia 48: 180. 1981. Recent collectors describe this plant as a shrub, 1 m. tall, growing on rocky cliffs and among stones at the edge of waterfalls, in flower in February. The corollas are said to have been "apical- ly lilac, basally white" on MaZZoA SxZva & aJL. 258. Wehmer (1911) reports that the air-dried leaves contain 0.006% ethereal oil and 23% resin. Material of L LppZa mZc.H.0 CZ.pkaZa has been misidentif ied and dis¬ tributed in some herbaria as LanZana sp. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: MaZZoA SZZva, SanZoA , i. BftZZo 258 ^n) . Distrito Federal: Hzab. Tax. Ctai>i> Unxv. 8 n.aA . 194 (W — 2975908). Minas Gerais: I HW-Ln, Max WlJUL, & Wa44baa4Cn 19813 (W — 2630586) ; I hwZn, Santo 6, Souza, & Fon6e.ca 22680 (w — 2863450) Mexta 5 110 (W— 1618200) ; Schwacke. 14890 (W— 1199716) . MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: 1985 Moldenke, Notes on Lipp-ia. 471 G. Gardn. , Lond. Journ. Bot. 4: 133. 1845 (W) . LIPPIA MICROMERA Schau. Additional synonymy: LZppAM. macAOmCKa Reis & Lipp, New PI. Sources Drugs 253 sphalm. 1982. L-Lpp-La micKOmclum Meijer & Sm. ex Mold., Phytologia 54: 243 in syn. 1983. Additional & emended bibliography: Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pf lanzenfam. , ed. 1, 4 (3a): 152. 1895; J. T. & R. Kartesz, Syn. Checklist Vase. FI. 2: 467. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 48: 180 — 181. 1981; Liogier & Martorell, FI. Puerto Rico 153 & 323. 1982; L<5pez- Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Andes 23: 20 & 51. 1982; Reis & Lipp, New PI. Sources Drugs 252. 1982; Mold., Phytologia 54: 234 & 243. 1983. Recent collectors describe this plant as a shrub or subshrub, 1 m. tall, very fragrant when crushed, and have encountered it in decidu¬ ous forests, among shrubby vegetation, and in xerophytic roadside vegetation, at 20 — 550 m. altitude, in flower in May, August, and November. The corollas are described as having been "white" on CkocuL 54671 and LLeAnCK £ GonzdUcz 12146, "white, yellowish in the throat" on KaJLJLoo B.688, and "white with a yellow center" on VavA.dl>e & GonzdUcz 19707. Ldpez-Palacios (1982) reports that the plant is used in Venezuela in the treatment of asthma, while Reis & Lipp (1982) tell us that it is used to flavor meatloaf, stuffing, and gravy in Hawaii. The E. C. Le.ona.fid 4116 and Le.ona.Kd & Le.ona.Kd 10010, distributed as Lipp-La mA.cKome.Ka, actually are Lantana cxaAcuta urb. & Ekm. Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Anzoategui: Vav-Ld&Z & GonzcU.CZ 19707 (Ld) . Lara: CkocuL 54671 (Ld) ,- M CA.JCK £ SrruJlk 83 (N) . Sucre: L LCincK & GonzdUcz 12146 (Ld, Ld) . cultivated: Trinidad: KaJULoo 8. 688 (N) . MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Lopez-Palacios, Fl. Venez. Verb. [433] & [434], fig. 101 & 102. 1977 (Ld, Ld) . LIPPIA MICROMERA var. HELLER I (Britton) Mold. Additional bibliography: J. T. & R. Kartesz, Syn. Checklist Vase. Fl. 2: 467. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 48: 181. 1981; Liogier & Mar¬ torell, Fl. Puerto Rico 153 & 323. 1982; Reis & Lipp, New PI. Sources Drugs 252. 1982. Jansen found this plant growing in sandy soil with spiny cacti and much grazing by goats in the Dominican Republic, where Jimenez describes it as "very common" at 200 m. altitude and where it is known as "oregano". The corollas are said to have been "white" on Vod i. J-Lmcncz 8963 and Jimtncz 8834. Reis & Lipp (1982) cite Lavcu>- tKC 1857 from the Dominican Republic, while Liogier & Martorell (1982) assert that in Puerto Rico it is found wild on hillsides and in thickets at middle and lower elevations and where it is also cultivated for its aromatic foliage and known as "mejorana", "oreg¬ ano", "oregano chiquito", and "oregano del pais". Additional citations: HISPANIOLA: Dominican Republic: Vod i Jim- inez 8963 (Lc, Ld) ; M. R. J anACn 6.n. [1979 and 1980] (N) ; J, J. J Ajnincz 8834 (Me— 282846) . 472 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 7 LIPPIA MJCROPHYLLA Cham. Additional & emended bibliography: Bocq., Adansonia, ser. 1 [Baill., Rec. Obs. Bot.], 3: 244. 1863; Mold., Phytologia 48: 181 — 182. 1981. Recent collectors refer to this plant as a subshrub, growing in cerrado, and have found it in flower in May and July. The corollas are described as having been "white" on Hcn.b . PnAACO Bcz cn.n.0 10403 and "yellow" on Hcn.b. PnAi>CO Bcz cnn.a 8841 . The collection by Steward and his associates, cited below, was previously misidentif ied and cited as the very similar L. 6ch.ombun.gk~ taw. Schau. Additional & emended citations: GUYANA: Maa6 , WcAtKO, £ at. 3634 (N) . BRAZIL: Ceara: F cn.VWLnd.CA £ UafltiviA , HQJlb . PKtACO BCZ OAKOL 10403 (F — 1931267). Piauf: F CAnandcA £ SluncA , Hcn.b. PfuAco Bczcn.n.a 8841 (f — 1931273). Roraima: SAcuiand, An.aM.jo, Buck, Ramoi , £ Hibernian. 248 (N, w— 2858548) . LIPPIA MOVESTA Briq. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 182. 1981. Novara found this plant in flower in November and describes the corollas as "yellow". Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Salta: Novan.a 2208 (E--2978864) . MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Troncoso in Burkart, FI. I lust. Entre Rios 5: 277, fig. 131. 1979 (Ld) . LIPPIA MORI I Mold. Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A. 35: 17 & 324. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 48: 182. 1981. LIPPIA MOR0NGII Kuntze Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 182 (1981) and 50: 250. 1982. The corollas on CabnCAa & at. 28960 are said to have been "yel¬ low" when fresh and the plant was found in anthesis in October — it represents very well the broad- leaved form of this species. Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Corrientes: Cabn.cn.a, BotAc l, KAC6~ ting, RoAman, Tun., & luZoaga 28960 (n) . LIPPIA MULTJFLORA Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 155 & 182 — 183. 1981. Additional citations: MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Letouzey, Man. Bot. For. Afr. Trop. 2 (B) : 361. 1972 (Ld) ; Meikle in Hutch. & Dalz., FI. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 2: 437, fig. 306. 1963 (Ld) . LIPPIA M/RIOCEPHALA Schlecht. & Cham. Additional synonymy: LAppAa myn.OCCph.ata S. & C. ex Mold., Phyto¬ logia 50: 262 in syn. 1982. Additional bibliography: F. C. Seymour, Phytol. Mem. 1: 244. 1980; Brenan, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 16: 166. 1981; Mold., Phytologia 48: 183 — 184 (1981), 50: 14 (1981), 50: 241 & 262 (1982), 52: 116 & 117 (1982), and 54: 231. 1983; Raj, Rev. Palaeobot. Palyn. 39: 350, 364, & 396. 1985 Moldenke, Notes on LZppZa 473 1983; Mold., Phytologia 56: 427, 429, 434, 440, & 447. 1984. Recent collectors refer to this plant as a "1.5 m. perennial", as a shrub, 3 — 4 m. tall, or as a tree, 7 — 10 m. tall, with a spread¬ ing crown, the flowers "small and green". They have found it grow¬ ing along roadsides, in open forests, along streams in tall forests and cafetales, on disturbed roadsides with Thtma and Guazuma, on steep slopes with PZnu6 , Quthcut6 , Hauya, Hn.ythhA.na, LyhZZoma, Ohto- panax, and 06thya, on steep slopes covered by evergreen cloud forest, in acahual with EupatohZum , Xantho6oma hobu6tum, and HtZZconZa, in 15-year old acahua 1 with HtZA.ocah.pitl> donntZZ- 6mZthZX , CohdZa clZZa.0- do ha, and Lonchocahpu6 , and "common" in acahual along roadsides as¬ sociated with Pe.nnZ6tX.im and HtZZconZa. Calzada refers to it as "rare" in Veracruz, Wilbur and his associates report it "occasional" in El Salvador. Cowan and Ramos found it growing in 5-year old acahual with Thtma mZchantha, CtchopZa, and Hampta. Welch and his associates encountered it "in rainforest with many bamboo-walled houses with palm-thatched roofs nestled among the trees, many lianas and mostly ascending branches covered with numerous bromeliads, ferns, mosses and orchids". These recent collections have been made at altitudes of 800 to 2300 m. and the plant has been found in anthesis from Sep¬ tember to January and in fruit in December. The wood is used for making the frames of native grass huts and for other purposes. The vernacular names, "colpanchi bianco", "copalillo bianco", "macahuit^", and "tatascame". The corollas are described as having been "cream"-color on CouXLn 2708, "white with a yellow center" on Sttvtn6 £ PZvZtht 20882, "yel¬ lowish" on WZZZZam6 £ aZ. 43204, "pale-yellow" on WZZbuh £ aZ. 16328, "dull-yellowish" on StandZty 20628, and "cream & yellow" on BhttdZovt 23258. A particularly small-leaved form (annotated in an unknown hand " LZppZa myhZoctphaZa forma") is well represented by LZtbmann 11357 and Htydt £ Lux 4388. Material of LZppZa myhXo ctphaZa , in its nomenclaturally typical form, has been misidentif ied and distributed in some herbaria as L. caZZZ cahpat ^oZZa h.b.k. , L. h ypo ItZa Briq. , L. 6ub6thXgo6a Turcz. , and L. umbtZZota Cav. On the other hand, the CaZdthOn 450, 1995, & 2252, GtnXhy £ aZ. 20391, Hthb. Nac. Co6tahhZc. 8452, Johnson 46, LZtbmann 1 1256, 1 1 258, 1 1 270, & 1 1272, Mohh 327, Ntt 23224, NtZ6on 3075, PZXXZth 1907 & 7111, StandZty 22939, StandZty £ VaZthZo 44201, and WZiZZam A £ MoZZna R. 13170 are L. myhZoctphaZa var. hypoltZa (Briq.) Mold., while Hthb. Hac. Co6tahhZc. 13032 & 13215, Htydt £ Lux 4385, Htydt 236, HoZway 372, LZtbmann 11228, M Zhanda 5565 & 5 731, i>h6ttd 1 1 223, 1 1 241 , & 1 1247, PadZZZa 5 & 10, PZXXZth 7519 & 13032, Stohk £ Hohton 8646, Tonduz 1460, 8452, & 13631, Tonduz £ BZoZZty 7218, and TllhckhtZm 8731 are L. cahdZo6ttgZa Benth., BhaXz hi. 125 is L. jaZZ6cana Mold., Vtht6a 1603, GthrnZn £ aZ. 406, GonzaZtz Ohttga A .n. , HahkZng 625, Lay £ CoZZZt A.n. [San Bias, Dec. 1827 — Feb. 1828], LtnX 1783, and NthvatA M ontt6 £ SaZazah 61 & 308 are L. phZngZtZ Briq., GoZd. 254 is L. umbtZZaZa Cav., and Hthndndtz £ aZ. 5212 is something non-verbenaceous. Additional citations: MEXICO: Chiapas: BhttdZovt 23258 (Me — 223726), 42691 (Me— 255761) ; HaZZ £ Couxin 1525 (Me— 256632) ; UZhanda 474 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 7 57 20 (Me— 71049); Matilda. 610 (Me— 86157, W— 1689566), 707 (W— 1689523) , 3642 (Me — 86186) . San Luis Potosf : RoZ £ Roe. 2362 (W — 2516415); Wztch, Vunn, R obejitAon, Cate., ToKkz, £ Biioum 107 (au) . Tabasco: Couian £ RamOA 6.n. [C. Cowan 2712] (N) . Tamaulipas: OtZKZCk 949 (W— 1687463), 95 0 (W— 1687464) . Veracruz: Calzada 1666 (Me— 258834); VtoACOUZOA 9961 (Me — 176165); EAtKada £ aJL. 763 (Me— 270280) Gonzalzz Letja £ Ganza 6726 (Me— 139142), 6883 (Me— 139148) , 9961 (Me— 179817), 9967 (Me— 179815) , 10095 (Me — 179810) , 10115 (Me— 179809). State undetermined: L Lzbmann 1 1357 [Cuesta de San Pedro] (W — 1315108); R OvtUOAa 636 (Me — 84704). GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz: TlVic.kh.edjn 7933 (w — 1322945); WitttamA , Moltna R., £ WtLitamA 42067 (Mi); OJttttamA , Mottna R., WttltamA , £ Moltna 43204 (Mi). Amatitlan: KeltzUman 6293 (W — 2442870). El Peten: Conti IZKOA 5446 (Ws) . Saca- tepequez: J. V. Smith 1450 (W — 1322939). Santa Rosa: Hzydz £ Lux. 4386 (W— 1322946), 4388 (W— 1322942) . Solold: Holway 678 (Ld, W— 862977, W — 862978). Department undetermined: Hzydz 575 (W — 247506), 5 98 (W— 247505); VittteA 1 875 [Ipala] (W— 578274) ; Schwabe A.n. [Vol- can Pacaya, 31 Dec. 1976] (Me — 220041) . EL SALVADOR: Ahuachapan: P. C. Standtey 20164 (W — 1136023). San Salvador: P. C. Standlzy 20628 (W — 11364611). Santa Ana: ItittbuH, A-bnzda, & Lutzyn 16328 (Me — 165889). San Vicente: P. C. Standizy 21536 (W — 1137335). Sonson- ate: AJULzn 7224 (W — 2296984). Department undetermined: R ovtKOAa 636 [Famulte, Cesnique] (W— 1322941) . NICARAGUA: Mataqalpa: StZVZnA, M ofizno, & ElmqudAt 21280 (Ld) ; StzvznA £ RtvizKZ 20882 (Ld) . LIPPIA MVRJOCEPHALA var. HVPOLE IA (Briq.) Mold. Additional synonymy: Ltppta htpotzta S. & C. ex Mold., Phytologia 50: 262 in syn. 1982. Ltppta pycnOCZphata H- R- ex Mold., Phytolo¬ gia 52: 128 in syn. 1982. Additional bibliography: F. C. Seymour, Phytol. Mem. 1: 244. 1980; Brenan, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 16: 166. 1981; Mold., Phytologia 48: 183 (1981), 50: 262 (1982), 52: 117 (1982), and 54: 231. 1983; Raj, Rev. Palaeooot. Palyn. 39: 350, 364, 383, & 396. 1983; Mold., Phytologia 56: 427 & 440. 1984. Recent collectors refer to this plant as a shrub, 1 — 5 m. tall, a treelet, or a small to tall tree, 2 — 13 m. tall, unpleasantly aro¬ matic, the stems to 6 inches in diameter, the bark pale and fissured, the "heads" lavender, and the flowers slightly odorous. They have found it growing on wooded slopes, in elfin cloudforests and ordinary cloudforests, in seasonal evergreen forests along stream slopes, in secondary high evergreen forests, moist forests, mixed subtropical forests, secondary deciduous oak forests, in secondgrowth, on slopes with Quziicua , Vodonaza, and CaJUtandna or with PtnuA and Ltqutdambaii, in disturbed forests of Qae^iCOi, Ltqutdambaii, and Ctzthiia, on slopes and along small streams with tropical rainforest along the ridges, in acahual, and in acahual with Eupatoiitum, KanthoAOma KobliAtum, and Hettconta, at 300 — 2000 m. altitude, in flower from January to March, May, and September to December, and in fruit in November, January, and February. Nee found the variety common in much disturbed deciduous forests on steep rocky (calcareous) slopes with maize fields and patches of secondgrowth brush dominated by A tnilA acumtnata ssp. aiiguta; Williams 1985 Moldenke, Notes on Ltppta 475 and Molina report it as "common in forests and the edges of clear¬ ings". Smyth refers to it as a common shrub on dry hillsides in Veracruz, while Standley reports it "frequent" in Costa Rica and "common on volcano crater rim" in El Salvador. The corollas are described as having been "white" on 84 eedtove 26515, 8 needtove & Thonne 20947, Mone.no 206, NonntA 17377, R 06cu> R. 715, and lota. 8. 24 & 672, "white with a yellow eye" on VougtaA 19004, "whitish with a mustard-colored eye" on Lundett 17632, "cream" on AnaqutAtatn i at. 1726 and Manttnez & Catdendn 1211, "dull-white and lavender" on JohnAOn 46, "pale-yellow" on VneAAten & JonZA 190, "verdoso-cafe" on VonanteA & at. 1695, "verde-cafe" on Vazquez T. 65, and "cafe" on AnaqutAtatn i. Sandtno 1432. Vernacular names reported for the variety are "carbonero", "cutujuma", "calpanchi", "tamiagua", and "tatascame" . The wood is used by the natives to make charcoal. A notation accompanying PuApuA 8648 reads "leaves entire and more glabrous", but this is not true of the U. S. National Herbarium sheet of this collection. Material of this variety has been misidentif ied and distributed in some herbaria as typical L. myntocephata Schlecht. & Cham., L. catttcanpae^otta h.b.k., L. gnaoeoten & h.b.k., L. umbettata Cav. Buddteta sp. , and even CompoAttae. On the other hand, the VtoACOneaA 9961, EAytada i at. 765, Mtnanda 5720, and Wttbun & at. 16328, dis¬ tributed as L. myntocephata var. h ypoteta, actually represent the typical L. myntocephata Schlecht. & Cham., while Contn.en.OA 9641 is L. umbettata Cav. and VonanteA & at. 1126 is probably a species of Vannonta. Additional citations: MEXICO: Chiapas: 8 needtove 26515 (Me— 199263), 28136 (Me— 231870), 36623 (Me— 255179) ; B needtove & Thonne 20947 (Me— 99257); Matuda 3630 (Me— 86185) ,- E. W. NetAon 3075 (w— 234012); Ton 1724 (Me— 121637) , 1784 (Me— 121362), 3692 (Me— 133270) . Chihuahua: Bentandten 739 (w — 81754); Ltebmann 1 1 256 (w — 1315068), 1 1258 (W— 1315069). Hidalgo: NonntA 17377 (Me — 255026) . Puebla: Boege 1947 (Me — 96104) ; Gentny, 8 anctay, & A nguetteA 20391 (w) . San Luis Potosi: Edw. Patmen 1137 (w — 82068). Tamaulipas: Veto G. 1774 (Me— 222146). Veracruz: BattA 5489 (W— 1793856) ; Beaman 6429 (Me — 258951); Bottent 881 (w— 242024) ; Boungeau 1471 (w— 78510), 2983 (w — 78513),- Vooante a, AcoAta, CatteA, & Manque z 1695 (Au) ,- VneAAten & JoneA 190 (Me— 43011, w— 2328442) ,- Gonzdtez Letjo & Ganza 10052 (Me — 179813); Gneenman 274 (w — 752602),- Ltebmann 1 1270 (w — 1315073), 1 1272 (w— 1315074), 11273 (w— 1315075); Manttnez Catdendn 1211 (Me— 140598, Me— 140599, Mi); Mohn 327 (w— 771833) ; M. Nee 23224 (N) ; Ontega i at. 24 (Me— 214553) ; PunpuA 421 (w— 470241), 2254 (w— 840372), 5751 (W— 464429), 8648 (W— 1169628) ; RoAOA R. 715 (Me— 118849); Rz edomkt 18956 (Me— 91619) ; Seten i Seten 3649 (w— 1205654); C. L. Smith 1076 (Me— 86159, W— 312560) ; Smyth 169 (Vi- 1209017); Souao 2559 (Me— 113187) , 2647 (Me— 112549) ; Tayton & Tay- ton 7277 (W— 2914927); Vazquez T. 32 (Me— 264932), 65 (Me— 264897) ; lota B. 24 (Me— 271784), 672 (Me— 232923, Me— 260648) . GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz: H. JohnAOn 46 (W — 1014674); Tlinckhetit I 11.1474 (W — 860816). Baja Verapaz: WttttamA , Mottna R. , & WitttamA 42122 (Mi). El Peten: C. L. Lundett 17632 (Me — 137927). Department undetermined: 476 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 7 R zcond. & Kuylzn G.90 (W— 1315299) . HONDURAS: Comayagua: Netion & l Iaaga6 2353 (Ld) . Morazan: WJJXiam6 &. MoZ-i.na. R. 13710 (W — 2021818). Ocotepeque: NeXiOn, R OmeAO, RubZo , & PeAeJ-Ka 401 7 (Ld) . EL SALVA¬ DOR: Cuscatlan: CaZdeAcfn 1 995 (w — 1266619). San Salvador: CaZde.fl(fn 450 (w— 1151431) ; PXW.ZA 1907 (w— 578309); P. C. StandZe.y 22868 (W — 1138593), 22939 (W — 1138656). Department undetermined: CaZdeJiSn 2252 [Cerro de San Jacinto] (W — 1266619) . NICARAGUA: Esteli: AtWOOd A. 321a (Ln — 266875) ; W. P. VougZa, 4 19004 (Ld) . Jinotega: AnaquU.6- taUn, M 0Ke.no, & Sa.ncU.no 1726 (Ld) . Matagaipa: A fiaquU6taUn & Mofie.no 690 (Ld) ; AfiaquX6taXn & Sandino 1432 (Ld) ; M ofie.no 206 (Ld) ; 0lZZLUam6 & MoZUna. R. 42545 (Mi). COSTA RICA: Cartago: Le.rvt 1097 (W— 2542368) ; Tonduz 1876 (w — 1322947). Guanacaste: StandZe.y & VaZe.fu.0 44201 (w — 1253558). San Jos4: Lej V6 6501 22 101-08) 02 (W— 2583496) ; P7jUUe.H 7111 [Herb. Nac. Costarr. 8452] (W— 1322944) . LIPPIA MVRWCEPHALA var. IWTEGRIFOLIA Loes. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 184. 1981. Additional citations: GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz: SeJLe.fl i SeZeA 3400 (' — 1205986 — cotype); TlifickheUrn 1088 (W — 1322940 — cotype). EL SAL¬ VADOR: Morazan: TuckeA 793 (W — 2088087) . LIPPIA MVRIOCEPHALA var. 0VAT1E0LJA (Mold.) Mold. Additional bibliography: Brenan, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 16: 166. 1981; Mold., Phytologia 48: 184. 1981. LIPPIA MVRIOCEPHALA var. TOMENTOSA Mold., Phytologia 50: 14. 1981. Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 50: 14 (1981) and 50: 241. 1982. Citations: MEXICO: Puebla: BflLL^fi 1521 (Me — 46996 — type). LIPPIA NANA Schau. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 184. 1981. The HaX6chbach 19716, JfiwZn, Souza, & R eJ.6 do6 SanXo6, and Reg- neJLZ 111.948, previously cited by me as LZppZa nana, seem actually to be L. pumZZa Cham., while Macedo 3251 is Lantana gZazZovZi Mold. LIPPIA NEPETACEA Schau. Additional bibliography: Bocq. , Adansonia, ser. 1 [Baill., Rec. Obs. Bot.], 3: 244. 1863; Mold., Phytologia 48: 184. 1981. LIPPIA 0ATES11 Rolfe Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 184. 1981; Reis & Lipp, New Pi. Sources Drugs 253. 1982. Reis & Lipp (1982) cite J. C. HopkZni 10231 from Zimbabwe and re¬ port that the collector avers that this plant "keeps away snakes". LIPPIA OAXACANA Robinson & Greenm. Synonymy: Lantana oaxacana Miranda ex Mold., Phytologia 50: 261. in syn. 1982. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 184 (1981), 50: 241 & 261 (1982), and 56: 363. 1984. Recent collectors describe this plant as a semi-woody herb, 60 — 80 cm. tall, or a shrub, 1.5 m. tall, with a minty odor, and have found 1985 Moldenke, Notes on Llppla 477 it growing in low deciduous forests (where Torres and his associates aver that it is abundant) with 8 nahea and Yucca, in regrowth woods on limestone hills, and in very dry soil with Yucca and cacti, at 1350 — 2165 m. altitude, in flower from July to November, in fruit in September. They report the vernacular names, "falsa salvia" and "oreganillo" . The corollas are said to have been "white" on L. S. Smith Mex.5 and Ton.' ieu> £ al. 11 53, and "yellow" on Velgado S. & al. 568. It should be noted that the HeiUon 1588 & 1841 specimens, cited below, were annotated as "Type" by someone at the United States National Herbarium, but actually are not types -- the species is founded on Pnlngle 6021 . Material of L. oaxacana has been misidentif ied and distributed in some herbaria as L. alba (Mill.) N. E. Br. or L. gemlnata H.B.K. On the other hand, the 8 40.V0 A.n. [April 29, 1953), distributed as L. 00Lxa.ca.na., actually is A loy6la chlapen&li Mold. Additional citations: MEXICO: Guerrero: Pnlngle 841 7 (W — 382033); Toledo & Blanco 124 (Me — 209100); Tonne, 4 C., Tenonlo L., £ R omeno dc T. 1153 (Ld) , Morelos: Mlnanda 1507 (Me — 73531), 1567 (Me — 73559); L. S. Smith Mex.5 (Me — 99358). Oaxaca: Vel.ga.do S., Ganda P., £ Hen.nd.ndez M. 568 (Me— 211304); E. W. Helton 1588 (w— 566385), 1841 (W— 566390); Pnlngle 6021 (W— 251966— isotype, W— 1322967— isotype). Puebla: Boege 616 (Me — 96101), 1929 (Me — 96105); M Inando. 2240 (Me — 73556); PuAput 2571 (W— 840564). Veracruz: Mlnanda 677 (Me — 73565). State undetermined: Bottenl 51b [Tecamahua] (Mi). L1PP1A 08SCURA Briq. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 184 — 185. 1981. Recent collectors describe this plant as a slender shrub, 1.8 m. tall, the leaves very aromatic, and the flowers fragrant or rather fragrant, occasional in mata ciliar, at 800 m. altitude, in flower in March. The corollas are said to have been "white" on Hdnx.ngen £ al. 3708 and Penelna. £ Mendonpi 408. Material of this species has been misidentif ied and distributed in some herbaria as La.nta.na. sp. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Distrito Federal: Hinlngen, F lg~ nelnou, , Mendonca, Penelna, Henlngen Salleu, £ Ckagau e Silva 3708 (e— 2978869, w— 2900655) ; Penelna £ Mendonca 408 (w— 2971673). Parana: SrrUtk, Klein, £ Hat&chbach 14604 (w — 2673677), 14637 (W — 2573722) . LIPPIA 0R1GAN01VES h.b.k. Additional & emended bibliography: Walp. , Repert. Bot. Syst. 4: 50 & 53. 1845; Bocq., Adansonia, ser. 1 [Baill., Rec. Obs. Bot.], 3: 244. 1863; HOck, Justs Bot. Jahresber. 23 (2): 76. 1897; Hubert, Trav. Lab. Mat. M4d. Fac. Pharm. Paris 13: [Verb. Util. Mat. Md'd.) 2 & 44. 1921; Mold., Phytologia 48: 185. 1981; Ldpez-Palacios, Revist. Fac. Farm. Univ. Andes 22: 20 & 51. 1982; Reis & Lipp, New PI. Sources Drugs 252. 1982; Mold., Phytologia 50: 245 (1982) and 54: 236. 1983. Recent collectors describe this plant as a small shrub, 1 2 m. tall, aromatic, the branches arched and subscandent, and the flowers 478 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 7 very fragrant. They have encountered it in rocky terrain of the savannas on plateaus of small tepuis, at 100 m. altitude, in flower in March, May, July, and August, and in fruit in July. They report the vernacular name, "salvinha". Ldpez-Palacios reports that the plant is used by natives in the treatment of asthma, while Hill and his associates tell us that its leaves are used as a tea to treat stomach troubles. Reis & Lipp (1982) cite Ste.ye.KmaKk 58601 and note that the "leaves boiled in water with guarapo (sugar drink) used for colds", reporting the native name, "chara-ceur". The corollas are said to have been "white" on Bu.Hsti.ng 6216, H-LZJL & aJL. 12918, LletneA. l Gonzdlzz 1 1996 & 12148, and PKance. & Hu.be.ti 28380. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Magdalena: Vu.ga.nd 6262 (W — 2457488); Haugkt 3887 (W— 1708637) , 6644 (W— 2046231) . Santander: St. John 20718 (w— 2107515). Venezuela: Bolivar -.Vavldie., Ramta, i Montes 4747 (Me— 268505) ,- WagulKe. 32657 (w— 2279173) ; PKance. & HubeA 28380 (Ld) . Distrito Federal: CuAKan & Homan 966 (W — 1043978) . Falcdn: CuAKan l Haman 606 (w — 1010926). Sucre: UeA>neA & Gonzate.z 11996 (Ld) , 12145 (E— 2930317). Zulia: Bunting 6216 (Ld) . BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Schwacke. i.n. [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Jan. 14894] (W — 1199725); Ule. 2671 [Herb. Mus. Nac. Rio Jan. 14896] (W— 1199797) . Roraima: M aguJKe. i MagutKC 40022 (W— 2279249) . CULTIVATED: Brazil: Httt & OUt. 12918 (Ld) . MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Lc^pez-Palacios, F. Venez. Verb. [439], fog. 103. 1977 (Ld) . LJFPJA OXyCHEMJS Schau. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 185. 1981. Recent collectors describe this plant as a shrub, 1.5 m. tall, with aromatic pubescent leaves, and have encountered it in cerrado and "near bre jo" , in anthesis in April and July.. The corollas are said to have been "reddish" on He.tuLnge.tl & at. 7210 and "rose" on Pe.tLeA.Ka 465. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Distrito Federal: HtKJnge.K, F ttgueJ- Ka6, Me.ndonqa, & Pe.KeJ.Ka 7210 (n, w— 2941379) ; Imn, GKeaK, Souza, & R eJ6 do 6 Santoi 15636 (w— 2863362), 18034 (w— 2630566) ; Pe.KeJKa 465 (N, W — 2971679) ; SuCAe. 750 (W— 2564914) . Minas Gerais: (tittUamA & A 7206 (W— 1932936). LIPPIA OXyPHYLLARJA (Donn. Sm. ) Standi. Additional bibliography: Pittier, Prim. Fl. Costaric. 2: 207. 1898; Mold., Phytologia 48: 185 (1981) and 56: 427 & 432. 1984. Recent collectors describe this plant as a slender, bushy shrub, 1 — 2.5 m. tall, or a small tree or treelet, 3 — 5 m. tall, the stems 5 — 7.5 cm. in diameter at breast height, and the flowers fragrant. They have found it growing on lava flows, in open badly gullied lava fields, and woods adjacent to grassy slopes on lava flows, at 200 — 1900 m. altitude, in flower from December to March and in June, in fruit in March and December. Little refers to it as "common in groves at the edge of savannas on soil of volcanic dust and pumice and lava boulders" and in evergreen rainforests. The corollas are said to have been "yellow on HammeJ 1598, Mottna 1985 Moldenke, Notes on Lippia 479 R. 3077, Ty60n 7280, and (jJiZbuA H TccaZ 13337 and "pale-yellow" on (JliZbuA i aZ. 15309. Material of this species has been misidentif ied and distributed in some herbaria as L. caZZZcaKpac^oZia H.B.K., L. 6ubitfiigo6a Turcz., and L. umbcZZaXa Cav. Additional citations: HONDURAS: Moraza'n: MoZj.no. R. 3077 (W — 2022485). COSTA RICA: Puntarenas: PiXZiCA 3951 (W— 1322985— cotype) , 10632 (W— 1322984); TondllZ 6667 (W— 1322983— cotype) . PANAMA: Chiri- qui: P. H. AZZcn 100S (W— 1976216), 1541 (W— 1820117) ; VaoidAon 793 (W— 1820756); Hammel 1598 (Ld) ; LUZZc 6071 [U. S. For. Serv. 95251] (W— 1842538) ; M , in flower in May. White & Angus (1962) cites BtlLL. 3960, Cavuon 198, and RLchaKdi 214 from Zambia. Kahurananga and his associates describe the plant as a shrub, 2.5 m. tall, and encountered it in highland scrub-grassland, in both flower and fruit in May, the flowers "small, white, and sparse". White & Angus (1962) describe the leaves as fragrant, variable, more or less lanceolate, 3 — 9 cm. long, 1 — 3 cm. wide, rugose and usually scabrid above, pu- berulous beneath, the flower-heads strobiliform. about 1.5 cm. long and wide, enlarging to 5 cm. long and 2 cm. wide in fruit, the bracts foliaceous, 7 mm. long and 4.5 mm. wide, and the corollas white. Material of this species has been misidentif ied and distributed in some herbaria as L. javawLca (Burm. f.) Spreng. Additional citations: TANZANIA: Tanganyika: BeL&ky 27 1 (Ba — 394624) ; KaltuAananga , K Lbuwa, & MungaL 2583 (Mu) . LJPPJA POHLIANA Schau. Additional bibliography: Brenan, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 16: 166. 1981; Mold., Phytologia 48: 257. 1981. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goias: (Jj. R. A ndeAiOn 8063 (W — 2755319), 9995 (W — 2755314). Minas Gerais: Jtwo Ln, Santo 6 , Souza, & F omeca 22466 (W— 2863457). LJPPJA POHLJANA var. LONGJBRACTEOLATA Mold. Additional bibliography: Brenan, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 16: 166. 1981; Mold., Phytologia 48: 257. 1981. LJPPJA POLVTRJCHA Briq. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 257. 1981. Additional citations: PARAGUAY: HaA&LeJl 4184 [Macbride photos 24660] (W — photo of cotype). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS & CLIPPINGS: Briq., Bull. Herb. Boiss., ser. 2, 4: 1158. 1904 (W) ; Troncoso, Darwiniana 12: 279. 1961 (Ld) . LJPPJA PRIMULINA var. GWAZENSIS S. Moore Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 257. 1981. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Distrito Federal: Iwin, Souza, i ReJj> do 6 SavUoi 8577 (w— 2630580) ,- PetieLaa 81 (w— 2951319). LJPPJA PRJNGLEJ Brig. Additional synonymy: LLppLa pfiLngLeL Brign. , in herb. Additional & emended bibliography: Briq., Bull. Herb. Boiss., ser. 1, 4: 340 — 341. 1896; K. Schum., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 28 (1): 497. 1900; Mold., Phytologia 48: 257—258 & 266 (1981) and 50: 241 & 243. 1982; Knob loch, Phytol. Mem. 6: 95. 1983; Mold., Phytologia 56: 428 & 431. 1984. 482 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 7 Recent collectors describe this plant as a large, single-stemmed shrub or small, conical, round-topped tree, 1.5 — 15 m. tall,, with heavy foliage and weak branches, the bark rather smooth and gray, the leaves fragrant with a strong lemon odor, the flower-heads greenish, and the flowers much visited by small bees. They have found it growing along roadsides and streamsides, gravel roadsides, pastures, ravines, barrancas, and secondary matorral, in deciduous and low deciduous forests, wooded quebradas, and heavily grazed secondary oak scrub, on oak-pine rocky slopes, oak-pine woods, among rank, weedy, brushy roadside vegetation in former tropical subdeciduous woodland, on dry slopes and in rocky ravines through sparse oak forests, and near the base of cliffs and talus slopes among pines and oaks, at 66 — 2600 m. altitude, in flower from Octo¬ ber to March and May, in fruit from November to March and May. Ner- vaes Montes & Salazar refer to it as abundant in moist places in Sinaloa, where Gentry & Argdelles also speak of it as "common". li¬ tis and his associates found it "very common on roadsides and among xerophytic shrubs" in Jalisco. A wood sample accompanies the Palm&ti 7799 collection. Common names reported for the species are "macuay", "nacare", "nacar£", "nacari", "tabanquillo" , and "tefrozana". The corollas are described as having been "yellow" on CKOdt 45736, Eh.n6t 2446, Gnntay i Aagll&llet 1 81 81 , Hinton 11717, Mlllnn & Oil. 241, and Until 5410, "yellowish" on Cfioat. 45792 & 46081, "pale-yellow" on CtioaX 4571 1 and Standing 34678, "yellow or cream" on Fnfifti 5907, "light-cream to yellow"on Lnnt 1783, "deep-yellow fading to pale- yellow" on I ltti> & Oil. 1144, "dark-yellow fading to very pale-yellow" on lltlii & Nee 1505, "greenish-yellow" on Cfioat 45342, "yellow and reddish" on Langla 744, "yellow at anthesis, later nearly white" on Wlgglni 13187, "more or less white or very pale-yellow" on Efintt 2558, "greenish-white" on Cfioat 45324, "green" on Vazqunz T. V.1869, and "white" on Langman 3148. Material of L Lppla pftnglnl has been widely misidentif ied and dis¬ tributed in many herbaria as L. calUcafipan^olla H.B,K., L. ckfiy6 an- tka Greenm. , L. myftonnpkala Schlecht. & Cham., L. umbnllata Cav., and even Comp06ltan. Additional citations: MEXICO: Colima: Lott l M agallaMA 929 (Ld) . Guerrero: Cnocut 45711 (Ld) , 45736 (Ld) ; F annland i Spntzman 127 (Me— 149769) ; Hinton 11717 (Me — 64800, W— 1822363) ; LanglxUi>i 744 (W— 386156); E. W. NnlAOn 2285 (W— 566485), 2319 (W— 566483) ; Edw. PaJbneA 479 (w— 267037, w— 1689160) ; Rnko 5058 (w— 1269846) ; Schwabn 6.n. [1° de enero de 1977] (Me — 220043). Jalisco: Iltli , Guzmdn M., & Hnn 1144 (Ld, Mi); Jltli & Wee 1505 (Mi); Langman 3148 (Me); Mex-ia 1354 (w— 1318291) ; M Ulna, LoKnncn, & Tnlgo6 241 (Ld) ; Vulngln 1733 (W — 42739 — isotype, W — 1322972 — isotype), 11088 (W--1586761) , 11669 (W— 461127) ; PuAptt4 5 08 (W— 474731) . Mexico: Gonzklnz M zdfiano & Oil. 5385 (Me— 158522); Hinton 7237 (w— 1822265) ; Matilda & at. 27854 (Me— 108894), 30505 (Me— 64809) . Michoacin: Chlo.ng, Gonzalnz Mzdnano , & Ramoi A. 602 (Me — 153347); GdndaKa 6.n. [Zamora] (Me — 56593); GoArndn & al. 406 (Me— 282643) ; Hinton 12949 (W— 1805634) , 13614 (W— 1805674) E. W. Nnl&on 6838 (W— 399188) , 6951 (W— 399271) . Morelos: BouKgnau 1217 (W— 82067) ; Hanking 625 (Me— 64799) ; Lgonnzt 1166 (Me— 241024, 1985 Moldenke, Notes on Lippia 483 Me— 241025): Mifianda 239 (Me — 73566); Paaay 3014 (Me— 100006); Pfiingle 1 108 7 (w— 460471), 13982 (w— 1586768) ; SeXeA £ SeXeA 433 7 (W— 1206016); Vdzquez 5027 (Me— 168933). Nayarit: CfioaX 45193 (Ld) , 45324 (Ld), 45342 (Ld) ; F eAAx.4 5796 (w— 1491171), 59 07 (w— 1491170) ; GznXny, B aficiay, £ Aa glleXXeA 19637 (w— 2366390) ; Edo. PaimeA 2056 (Ld, W — 305636), 4.n. [Tepic, Jan. 5 to Feb. 6, 1892] (W — 567870); Ro4e, SXandiey , £ Ru 66eXl 14281 (w— 637144) . Oaxaca: Boege 3025 (Me— 209875); Conza^tt £ Gonzalez 526 (W— 327280) ; CfioaX 45778 (Ld), 45792 (Ld), 460S7 (E— 2889932); EHrU>X 2446 (Me— 246192), 2476 (Me— 270230), 2558 (Me — 246193); Funk £ Romo4 A. 2371 (W— 2968763) ; JuA- gemen 437 [Macbride photos 24655] (w) ; M oaXon £ MafeAx.ru.ua 2476 (w — 1585435); Nex££ 5410 (Ld) ; E. W. NeliOn 1840 (W— 566110) , 2077 (W— 566490), 2090 (W— 566489) ; R zedomki 19280 (Me— 95680) ; Se^eA « Se^eA 4355 (W— 1206017) ; C. L. Smith 225 (Me). Puebla: Boege 344 (Me— 96107); R. WebeA 841 (Me — 236215). Sinaloa: Oefeeaa 1603 (W — 1035770); Ge.rtf.fiy i KnglLeXJLex 18181 (w— 2301939) ; GonzaXe. z OfiXtga 4452 (Me— 98674, W— 1083293), 4744 (Me— 98661, W— 1268435) , 4999 (W— 1165045), 5004 (W— 1165050), 5707 (W— 1208729), 654« (W— 1317419) , 4.n. (Me — 98671),- NaAoaez Moniea & Sala.za.fi 61 (w— 1035052), 308 (w— 1035211) ; Edo. PoJbne.fl 1199 (Ld, W— 209050, W— 209051, W— 1416742) ; Wx.ggx.n4 13187 (Me — 58648). Sonora: GentKy 1179 (W — 168971). Veracruz: Vdz- que.Z T. V.1869 (Me — 265466). State undetermined: GaZzotXX 795 j [Calea] (W— 572881) ; Lay £ CoZXXz 4.n. [San Bias, Dec. 1827 — Feb. 1828] (W — 1084827); LXebmann 11261 [Cuesta de la San Juan] (W — 1315070). COSTA RICA: Cartago: LznX 1783 (Me— 166024) . Province undetermined: P. C. Standtzy 34678 (La Ventolera] (W — 1226787). LIPPIA PSEUV0-THE A (A. st.-Hil.) Schau. Additional & emended bibliography: Lindl., Veg. Kingd., ed. 1, 663 (1846), ed. 2, 663 (1847), and ed 3, 663. 1853; Bocq., Adansonia, ser. 1 [Baill. , Rec. Obs. Bot.], 3: 244. 1863; Baill., Hist. PI. 11: 94. 1891; Brig, in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pf lanzenfam. , ed. 1, 4 (3a): 152. 1895; Hubert, Trav. Lab. Mat. M^d. Fac. Pharm. 13: [Verb. Util. Mat. M^d. ] [19] & 25 — 26, pi. 2, fig. 9—11. 1921; Mold., Phytologia 48: 258 (1981) and 56: 436. 1984. Additional illustrations: Hubert, Trav. Lab. Mat. M^d. Fac. Pharm. 13: [Verb. Util. Mat. M«?d.] [19], pi. 2, fig. 9—11. 1921. The WXiZXam 4 £ A44-C4 7160, cited by me as L. p6eudo-theM. in a previous segment of these notes and so distributed, actually is L. ^ZofiXda Cham. LIPPIA PUMJLA Cham. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 258 (1981) and 56: 446. 1984. Recent collectors describe this plant as growing from a xylopo- dium and refer to it as rather frequent on rocky campos . They have found it in flower in August and September; the corollas are said to have been "yellow" on HaXAchbacJi 19716 and H^AxngeA £ aJL. 7481 . Material of L. pumiia has been misidentif ied and distributed in some herbaria (and even cited by me in a previous installment of these notes) as L. nana Schau. On the other hand, the Vu6#.n 15736, previ¬ ously cited by me as L. pumiia, seems, rather, to be L. inXe.fwe.dia 484 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 7 Cham. Additional & emended citations: BRAZIL: Distrito Federal: IfUAlZn, Souza, & Reu.6 do6 SantOA 8847 (Ld) , 9085 (N, N) . Minas Gerais: Rtg- ndit 111.948 (Ld — photo, N, N — photo). Parana: HaX&ckbadi 19716 (Ld, N) . LIPPI A RAM BO I Mold. Additional bibliography: Angely, S. Amer. Bot. Bibl. 2: 670 & 677. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 48: 258. 1981. LIPP1A RAMB0I var. P1L0SA Mold. Additional bibliography: Angely, S. Amer. Bot. Bibl. 2: 677. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 48: 258. 1981. L1PP1A RECOLLETAE Morong Additional bibliography: Angely, S. Amer. Bot. Bibl. 2: 677. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 48: 258 — 259. 1981. Recent collectors describe this plant as an abundant, spreading, coarse herb or subshrub, 50 cm. tall, and have encountered it on campos and in cerrado, at 320 — 3300 m. altitude, in both flower and fruit in December, but also in flower in February. The corollas are described as having been "yellow" on K-Lyiq & Riih- op 7577 , "white and yellow" on C0404 & Sdu.vu.vu. 7480 and Sdu.vu.vu. 22969, "white, the interior of the tube deep-yellow" on Ha£6ch.bach 45952 and 46114, and "light-lilac with a yellow center" on CaAOA & WoldKO EC. 591 2. This species is very closely related to L. 6u^fiuXd.C06a (Griseb.) Kuntze and may better be regarded merely as a more shaggy variety of the latter, The Steinbach collection, cited below, has been distrib¬ uted and cited under both names. Additional & emended citations: BRAZIL: Mato Grosso: HatAchbadn. 45952 (Ld) , 46114 (Ld) ; MuAja PjUvza & Euttfado 17243 (Ld) . Bolivia: Cochabamba: K-ing & Rcikop 7577 (E — 2615859) ; R. F. Steunbadi 740 (W— 2533616) . PARAGUAY: CcU>0U> & Mole.h.0 EC. 5912 (N) ; Co. 604 & Sdu.VU.VU. 7480 (Ld) ; Moaong 62 (W — 47866 — isotype) ; Sdu.vu.vu. 22969 (Ld) . MOUNTED CLIPPINGS: Briq. , Ann. Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genev. 7-8/315 — 316. 1904 (W) ; Morong, Britton, & Vail, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 7: 196—197. 1892 (W) . L1PPIA RECOLLETAE var. P1CKELU (Mold.) Mold. Additional bibliography: Angely, S. Amer. Bot. Bibl. 2: 677. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 48: 259. 1981. Solomon describes this plant as having ascending stems and pale- pink corollas. He encountered it along open roadsides in disturbed moist tropical forests with abundant epiphytes, at 600 m. altitude, in both flower and fruit in April. Additional citations: BOLIVIA: Tarija: SoZomon 9973 (Ld) . L1PP1A RH0V0CNEM1S Mart. & Schau. Emended synonymy: LZppZa flhodomHVU>Zi> Mart. & Schau. ex Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pf lanzenfam. , ed. 1, 4 (3a): 152 sphalm. 1895. Additional & emended bibliography: C. Muell. in Walp. , Ann. Bot. 1985 Moldenke, Notes on Lippta 485 Syst. 5: 707. 1860; Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pf lanzenfam. , ed. 1, 4 (3a): 152. 1895; Mold., Phytologia 48: 259 (1981) and 50: 262. 1982. LIPPIA RIGIPA Schau. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 259. 1981. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: HcUutey, Re.nvoi.ze., Er6ktne, Brighton, & Pinketro -in HarJtey 15602 (w — 2791573), 15756 (w — 2791586), 16708 (W— 2791550) . LIPPIA R1VAL1S Mold. Additional bibliography: Hocking, Excerpt. Bot. A. 35: 17 & 324. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 48: 259. 1981. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: Hcut6ch.ba.ck 42128 (W — 2937343 — isotype) . LIPPIA R0NV0NENS1S Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 259--260 (1981) and 50: 246 & 248. 1982. Recent collectors describe this plant as an aromatic herb or sub¬ shrub, 1 m. tall, with green bracts, and have encountered it on wet savannas and in varzea woods, at 70 — 200 m. altitude, in flower in January and July. It is used by natives in the form of a tea to treat upset stomachs. The corollas are said to have been "violet" on Beck 5468 "laven¬ der" on Gentfiy & cut. 30738, "arroxeadas" on Cid & Lima 3500, and "purple with a yellow center" on CampbeJtJt & cut. P.21214. It seems very possible that this taxon (or, at least, some of the specimens so identified) may prove actually to represent only a form of the very variable L. cutba (Mill.) N. E. Br. , perhaps identical with its f. intermedia Mold. It has been misidentif ied as Lantana sp. Additional citations: ECUADOR: Los Rios: Gentry, Bonifiaz , Loor, & Lao 30738 (Ld) . BRAZIL: Amazonas: CampbeLt, Nei60n, Ramo6, i I n6- ley P.21214 (Ld) ; Cid i Lima 3500 (Ld) . Rondfinia: Prance, Pdutcox, Forero, CoeJtho , R amo6, & Faricu 5351 (w— 2573137A) . Bolivia: ei Beni: S. G. Beck 5468 (Ld) . LIPPIA R0SMARINIF0LIA Anderss. Additional bibliography: C. Muell. in Walp. , Ann. Bot. Syst. 5: 707. 1860; Mold., Phytologia 48: 260. 1981. LIPPIA ROTUNVJFOLJA Cham. Additional bibliography: C. Muell. in Walp., Ann. Bot. Syst. 5: 707. 1860; Mold., Phytologia 48: 260 & 290 — 291 (1981), 50: 247 & 269 (1982), 52: 414 (1983), and 54: 236. 1983. Irwin and his associates encountered this plant at 900 m. alti¬ tude, in both flower and fruit in June, and describe the corollas as "purple, fading to reddish-lavender in age". The Ratter & cut. R.2 600, distributed and previously cited as typi¬ cal L. rotundifioLia, is now regarded as the newly described var. bakten6i6 Mold., while Himinger & cut. 644 is L. Iacun06a Mart. & Schau. 486 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 7 Additional citations: BRAZIL: Goias: JfiMltn, Souza., GfLZXJA., & RzZi d.06 Santo 6 17922 (W— 2863363) ; M aczdo 3313 (W— 2197084). LJPPJA ROTUNVJFOLJA var. BAHJENSJS Mold., Phytologia 48: 290 — 291. 1981. Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 290 — 291 (1981) and 50: 247 & 269. 1982. Collectors describe this plant as an herb with "rather lignified shoots", to 1.5 m. tall, and have encountered it in cerrado (tall savanna woodland) . The corollas are said to have been "mauve-purple with a yellow throat" on the Ratter collection, cited below, and "rose with a yellow center" on the H^ringer collection. The Ratter collection was previously incorrectly cited by me as typical L. K0- tu.ndtfiolZa. Cham. Additional & emended citations: BRAZIL: Bahia: M OHZ 12919 (Ld — type). Distrito Federal: H&fitngeA, FtguzZfLOA , Mzndonyi, PzAeZna, SaZZzA, i ChagaA z SiZva. 5392(w — 2926855); RaZtzfi, Fonikco., & CaA- tAO R. 2600 (N) . LJPPJA ROTUNVJFOLJA var. CORVATA Mold., Phytologia 52: 414. 1983. Bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 52: 414 (1983) and 54: 236. 1983. Citations: BRAZIL: Distrito Federal: H&jZngZA 14827 (N — type). LJPPJA RUBJGJNOSA Schau. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 260. 1981. Landrum describes this plant as a shrub, 1.5 m. tall, with white corollas, and found it growing among mainly shrubby vegetation on a very rocky iron-rich substrate, at 1200 — 1700 m. altitude, in both flower and fruit in February. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: La.nd.fWJn 4254 (N) ; M CLCZdo 2071 (W— 2196797). LJPPJA SALAMENSJS Loes. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 260. 1981. Additional citations: GUATEMALA: Morazan: SztZA 3404 [Macbride photos 17538] (W — 1205988--cotype, W — photo of cotype) . LJPPJA SALJCJFOLJA Anderss. Additional bibliography: C. Muell. in Walp. , Ann. Bot.-Syst. 5: 707. 1860; Mold., Phytologia 48: 261. 1981. LJPPJA SALSA Griseb. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 261. 1981. Recent collectors have found this plant in flower in November. The corollas are said to have been "white" on 8 aJikjXHX & aZ. 30583 and "lilac-white" on BuA.ka.fLt i aZ. 30600. Additional citations: ARGENTINA: Santiago del Estero- BuA.ko.fit, TfioncoAo, Ba.cZgaZu.po, Gua.g tia.no n&, Rotman, £ UlZbaKAZ 30583 (Me — 204554), 30600 (Me — 203020, W — 2928384). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Ragonese, Revist. Invest. Agric. 5: 209, fig. 44. 1951 (Ld) . 1985 Moldenke, Notes on LLppta 487 LJPPJA SAH/JAEFOLJA Cham. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 261. 1981. Recent collectors describe this plant as a shrub, 1 — 3 m. tall, and have found it in flower in January and February. The corollas are described as having been "white" on She.phe.Kd i GtbbA 1 1248, "cream" on Mantovant 1678, and "yellowish" on Ma.ntova.ru. 1560. Additional citations: BRAZIL: SSo Paulo: Ma.ntova.ru 1560 (N), 1678 (N) ; ShzpheAd & GtbbA 1 1248 (N) . Paraguay: 8 alanAa 4624 (Me— 243966) . LIPPIA SAl/OR/I Meikle Additional & emended bibliography: Meikle in Brenan & al., Kew Bull. 17: 173 — 174. 1963; Mold., Phytologia 48: 261. 1981. LIPPIA SCABERRJMA Sond. Additional bibliography: Power & Tutin, Am. Journ. Pharm. 79: 449 — 462. 1907; Journ. Pharm. Chem. , ser. 6, 26: 414 — 415. 1907; Wehmer, Pflanzenst., ed. 1, 646. 1911; Hubert, Trav. Lab. Mat. Med. Fac. Pharm. 12: [Verb. Util. Mat. Med.] 40 — 41. 1921; Wehmen, Pflanzenst., ed. 2, 1021. 1931; Mold., Phytologia 48: 261—262. 1981 Wehmer (1931) records the vernacular name "beukess boss" for this plant in South Africa. He reports that the dried plant yielded volatile formis acid, heptacosan, alcohol, hentriacontan, phytoste- rin, fatty oil with formic, buteric, valerianic, arachinic, stearin- ic, palminitic, & linolic acids, lippianol, a glycoside, tannin, etc. Recent collectors have encountered this plant in sandy soil, de¬ scribing it as aromatic. Material of Ltppta Aca.be.KKt/na. has been misidentif ied and distribu ted in some herbaria as Lantan/X sp. Additional citations: SOUTH AFRICA: Transvaal: GteAA 154 (Mu). LJPPJA SCHLJMJJ Turcz. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 262 (1981) and 52: 119. 1982. Melampy encountered this plant in dry shrub-dominated areas at 2500 m. altitude. Additional citations: COLOMBIA: Boyaca: Metampy 472 (W — 2916213). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: L<5pez-Palacios, FI. Venez. Verb. [445], fig. lo4. 1977 (Ld) . LIPPIA SCHLJMJJ var. GLABRESCENS (Mold.) Mold. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 262 — 263. 1981. Bunting & Croat describe this plant as a tree, 4 m. tall, and found it in flower in August, the corollas "white". Additional citations: VENEZUELA: Merida: Be.Kna.KcU. 10837 (N, W — 2914667). T^chira: Bunttng & CKoat 38469 (Ld) ; CkooX 55004 (Ld) ; Lute.yn, Le.bKdn-Lute.yn, & Rutz-TeAdn 59 94 (Mi), mounted illustrations L6pez-Palacios, FI. Venez. Verb. [447], fig. 105. 1977 (Ld) . LIPPIA SCHOMBURGKJANA Schau. Additional synonymy: Ltppta 6chombu.Kghta.na. Schau., in herb. 488 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 7 Additional & emended bibliography: Bocq., Adansonia, ser. 1 [Baill, Rec. Obs. Bot.], 3: 244. 1863; Mold., Phytologia 48: 263 (1981) and 56: 442. 1984. Recent collectors describe this plant as an herb, 50 cm. tall, the leaves coriaceous, "com silica", with a pleasant odor, the flowers fragrant, and the fruit brown. They have found it growing in dry cerrado subject to periodic fires, in caatinga, and common in red sandy soil of capoeira in disturbed Onbignya forests, in flower in April, August, and September, and in fruit in September. The corollas are described as having been "white" on lianiA.nl> & Angelica 8342, "cream" on Hcningcn 18056, and "yellow" on CkagaA & Silva 206. The vernacular names, "alecrim" and "gapu-che-le" , are reported for the plant in Brazil, where Balick and his associates note that "when a woman is menstruating and a man has intercourse with her and he gets an infection or has other problems, he makes a tea of the leaves of this plant and drinks it." Material of Lippia 6ch or.lbunglziana has been misidentif ied and dis¬ tributed in some herbaria as the very similar L. oniganoidu H.B.K. On the other hand, the Siewand & al. 248, distributed as L. 6chom- bungkiana, actually is L. micnophylla Cham. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Ceara: Haniini & Angdcca, Hcnb . PniiCO Bcz cnna 8342 (F— 1931271) . Distrito Federal: ChagcU & Silva 206 (N) ; Hining&n 15788 (w— 2926759) ; H&ningcn, Filgucinai, M cndon- cp., i Pcncina 532 (w— 2926755). Goi^s: Balick, Fnazao, Minina, £ Silva 1590 (Ld) ; HcningCA 18056 (W— 2926775). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Lopez-Palacios , F. Venez. Verb. [451], fig. 106. 1977 (Ld) . LIPPIA SCLEROPHYLLA Briq. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 48: 263. 1981. Casas & Molero describe this plant as 1 m. tall and found it growing in "prados con rosales de bosquete, abundante ganado" and in open rather high forests, in both flower and fruit in February. The corollas are said to have been "white" on their HO. 6311 and "white with a yellow center" on no . 6347 . Material of Lippia iclcnopkylla has been misidentif ied and dis¬ tributed in some herbaria as Aloy&ia sp. Additional citations: PARAGUAY: Cat>OA & WolCKO FC.6255(N), 6311 (Ld), 6347 (Ld). LIPPIA SERICEA Cham. Additional bibliography: Silva, SANO, & Silva, An. Congres Nac. Bot. 32: 21. 1981; Mold., Phytologia 48: 264 (1981) and 50: 262. 1982. Heringer and his associates encountered this plant in cerrado, in anthesis in April, and describe the corollas as small and "yel¬ low" . Some workers regard Lippia itoccka* Briq. as a synonym of Lippia iiChlcca, but it seems clear to me that is belongs in the synonymy of the lamiaceous Lavandula 6io&cka4 L. Additional citations: BRAZIL: Distrito Federal: Hiningcn., Figud- fia6, Mcndonca, Pch.cifia, Sailed, i Silva 4361 (n) . Goi^s: Inwin, Santo6 , Souza, l FonAtca 24378 (w— 2630593) . [to be continued] THE INFRASPECIFIC TAXONOMY OF PINUS CULMINICOLA ANDR. ET BEAM.~fFTfiACEAE). John Silba 198 W. Hoffman Ave., Lindenhurst, N.Y. 11757 The pinyon pines of Mexico are highly variable in morphological characteristics, they also occupy a considerable range of different habitats and different ecological areas. The amount of taxonomic recognition that should be given to these factors has received considerable controversy in the literature in recent years. Martinez (1948). originally recognized P_. cembroides Zucc. ex Bay. as having 3 needles in a bundle, with stomata or white lines on all leaf surfaces , or only on the 2 inner surfaces. Other botanists soon decided to make taxonomic distinctions between populations of P. cembroides having 2 lines of stomata and that of those having lines of stomata on all surfaces. Then in 1961 Andresen and Beamen named a new species of Pi nus from Neuvo Leon which was closely related to P_. cembroides , but it had needles in clusters of five and stomata only on the inner surface of the needles. Bailey and Hawksworth (1979) also decided to name a new species of pinyon pine from the S.W. United States arid N. Mexico, only this pine had needles in three's, yet it also had stomata only on the two inner surfaces. Interestingly, Robert (1978) described yet another species of pinyon pine with stomata on 2 surfaces and needles in clusters of 3 ' s . It seems however that Bailey and Hawksworth (1979) and Robert (1978) were overlooking the fact that the new taxa they described shared many common traits with a taxon named P_. culminicol a which had been described considerably earlier. The description of P_. culmi ni cola by Andr. et Beam, is markedly similar to that given for P_. discolor and P_. johannis by Bailey and Hawksworth $1 983 ) . All three taxa are described as having needles that are dark green dorsally and glaucous ventrally; needles average 3-6 cm. long; fascicle sheaths become curled into persistant rosettes; female cones are 2.5-4 cm. long with small umbos and being chesnut-brown in color. Herbarium specimens of P_. culminicola from the type locality have needles consistantly in fives, but 3 ' s and 4's do sometimes occur, hence I included P_. di scolor and £_. johanni s as synonyms of P_. culminicola in my conifer checklist (Si 1 ba , 1~984). However, while P_. discolor and P_. johanni s vary in needle clusters from 3 ' s to 5's, they are usually in 3 ' s and there are a number of other characteristics that would make it seem necessary to recogn¬ ize them at the varietal level. 489 490 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 7 Pinus culminicola and £_. johannis have very dense, closely inter¬ posed foliage giving these shrub-like plants a very dense appearance Pinus johannis is strongly three leaved with bark that is loose and of a flaky nature. Pinus discolor is very open branched and distinct ly of tree proportions, also many trees tend to be dioecious in this taxon (F.T. Callahan, II, pers. comm., 7-2-84). As currently understood typical P_. culminicola occurs on the Cerro Potosi in Neuvo Leon ,P_. culminicolor var. discolor occurs in the 5.W. United States and N. Mexico and P_. culminicolor var. johan¬ nis is described from Concepcion del Oro, Zacatecas and the Sierra Madre Oriental in Coahuila. I would like to stress the necessary usage of the term "varietas for infraspecific taxa of the Coni ferae, not only is the term older than modern designations but it also has appeared more often, in the literature cn an international scale. To incorporate the term "subspecies" and abolish the term "varietas" would require a consid¬ erable number of new names and combinations which would not be necessary. The terms "subspecies" and "formas" lead to too much excessive "splitting". It is my opinion that only one term be needed for infraspecific variation in the wild, as opposed to infraspecific variation in cultivation or civilization which requires another recent term, namely the term "cultivar" which is an appropiate name. The basis for distinctions between a "subspecies", "varietas" and "formas" are ill-defined. For instance, there are many species of Pings that are closely related (i.e., P_. cembroldes and P_. culmini- col a and yet there are some species of Pinus that are markedly different from one another, such as P_. krempf i i and P_. cembroides . However, all these taxa of Pinus are classified at the "species" rank or level, but these are justly termed into different "sufcgener- a" or "sections". So, then if the differences between some infra¬ specific taxa are greater than those of other infraspecific taxa in the wild why should other terms be introduced without taking a fair or equal argument for the differences between taxa at the "species" level . PINUS CULMINICOLA Andr. et Beam., J. Arn. Arb. 42: 438, f.2-4 (1961). "Potosi Pinyon Pine" var. CULMINICOLA (typical variety). P. CULMINICOLA var. DISCOLOR (Bail, et Hawksw.) Silba, comb. nova. "Border Pinyon Pine" Synonymy: P_. discolor Bail, et Hawksw., Phytologia 44(3): 130 (1979)= P_. cembroides var. bicolor Little, Phytologia 17: 336 1985 silba, P-inuA cuJtminicoixi 491 (1968). P. CULMINICOLA var. JOHANNIS (M.F. Rob.) Silba, comb. nova. "Johann's Pinyon Pine" Synonymy: P_. johannis M.F. Rob., Adansonia ser. ?., 18, fasc. 3 366-367, f .2-4 (1978). Literature Cited Andreseri, J.W. & Beaman, J.H. (1961). J. Arn. Arb. 42: 437-441. Bailey, D.K. & Hawksworth, F.G. (1979). Phytologia 44(3) : 130. _ . (1983). Phytologia 53(3): 226-234. Martinez, M. (1948) . Los Pinos Mexic., ed.2, illus. Mexico City. Robert, M.F. (1978). Adansonia, ser. 2, 18, fasc. 3: 366-367. Silba, J. (1984). Phytol . Mem. 7. Plainfield, New Jersey. Nomenclatural Changes in Mexicart Mosses Frank D. Bowers Dept, of Biology and Museum of Natural History U. of Wisconsin-Stevens Point 54481 Crosby (1975) has placed Callicostella (C.M.) Mitt, in synonomy under Schizomltrium B.S.G. Therefore, a number of new combinations are required including several from Mexico. The Mexican moss flora in preparation by A. J. Sharp and H. Crum will include these species. Schizomitrium ciliatum (Schimp. in Besch.) Bowers, comb. nov. Basionym: Hookerla ciliata Schimp. in Besch., Mem. Soc . Nat. Sci. Natur. Cherbourg 16:231. 1872. Synonyms include Callicostella ciliata (Schimp. in Besch.) Jaeg. and Sauerb . Schizomitrium bernoullii (Hampe in C.M.) Bowers, comb. nov. Basionym: Hookeria bernoullii Hampe in C.M., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 207. 1897 . Synonyms include Cyclodictyon bernoullii (Schimp.) Kuntze, and Callicostella bernoullii (Hampe in C.M.) Broth. Schizomitrium mexicanum (Robins. & Welch in Welch) Bowers, comb. nov. Basionym: Callicostella mexicana Robins, and Welch in Welch. The Bryologist 69:9. 1966. Crosby, M. R. 1975. Lectotypif ication of Schizomitrium B.S.G. (Musci, Hooperiaceae) Taxon 24: 353-355.' 492 CONTRIBUTION TO THE LICHEN FLORA OF VENEZUELA, VI. Manuel Lopez-Figueiras Departamento de Farmacognos ia y Medicamentos Organicos. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad de Los Andes, Merida, Venezuela. The present paper is based on lichens gathered mostly from several localities of north-west Venezuela, collected by the author and preserved in Herbarium MERF. Three new genus Catinaria, Melanotheca and Nephroma are added to the lichen Flora of Venezuela. Baeam^ces absolutMS Tuck. Distrito Federal: Cordillera de La Costa, a lo largo del cami no entre la Estacion del Teleferico-El Lagunaso, Lopez-Figue i^ ras 25270. Estado Lara: En el camino entre el fundo "Buenos Aires" y Humocaro Alto, Lopez- Figueiras 19644. Estado Merida: La Carbonera, finca San Eusebio, Lopez-Figue^ ras & M. Keogh 14062. Paramo de Quirora, cercanias de Pueblo Nuevo, Lopez-Figuei ras 26689. Estado Tachira: Paramo El Zumbador, Lopez-Figueiras 14318. Vertiente occidental del Pico Banderas, paramo de Tama, Hale, M. & Lopez-Figueiras 45414. Estado Trujillo: Cumbres del paramo de Guaramacal, Lopez- Figueiras & M. Hale 19905. Paramo El Turmal, cercanias de Carache, Lopez-Figueiras 16819. Baeampees fnmgarides (Sw.) Ach. Estado Merida: Alto del Manzano, entre Merida y La Chorrera, Lopez-Figueiras & M. Keogh 14050. El Picacho, paramo de El Buitre, Lopez-Figueiras 12518. Estado Tachira: Cercanias del paramo El Rosal, via La Grita- San Jose de Bolivar, Lopez-Figueiras 24958. Paramo de Tama, camino hacia las cabeceras de El Reposo, 493 494 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 7 Lopez-Figueiras 24558. Estado Trujillo: Paramo de Guaramacal, Lopez-Figueiras 10341. Paramo de Tuname , hacia Las Mesitas, Lopez-Figueiras 12197. Eaeamyces wdbnrioaJtus Hook . Estado Merida: Sierra del Norte: Paramo de Los Conejos, finca San Rafael, Lopez-Figueiras 23859. Sierra Nevada de Santo Domingo, Paramo de Mucubaji, alrededo res de La Laguna Negra, Lopez-Figueiras, T. Ahti & P.M. Jorgensen 17706. Estado Tachira: Via Pregonero , cercanias de El Portachuelo, Lopez-Figueiras 24583. Estado Trujillo: Paramo El Turmal, cercanias de Carache, Lopez-Figueiras 16823. Paramo Guaramacal, cercanias de Bocono, Lopez-Figueiras 21670. Candelaria ctmaolar (Dicks.) Stein. Estado Falcon: Sierra de San Luis, via Coro-La Pena, Lopez- Figueiras & R. Wingfield 22352, 22356. Estado Merida: Lagunillas, alrededores de La Laguna Yohama, Hale, M. & Lopez-Figueiras 42336. El Valle, cercanias de Merida, Lopez-Figueiras & M. Lindstrom 27164. Estado Miranda: El Hatillo, un sector del Lagunita Country Club, Lopez-Figueiras 25128. Estado Tachira: Via Rub io-Bramon , Hale, M. & Lopez-Figuei ras 45708. Candelaria fmcticane Poelt & Oberwinkler. Estado Falcon: Sierra Ziruma, alrededores de Cerro Azul, Lopez-Figueiras 21587, 21618. Estado Lara: Sierra Portuguesa, Loma Leon, cercanias de Barquisimeto , Lopez-Figueiras & R. Smith 21200. Estado Merida: El Valle, cercanias de Merida, Lopez- Figueiras & M. Lindstrom 25158, 27163. Estado Trujillo: Carretera antigua Bocono-Tru j i 1 lo , base del paramo La Cristalina Lopez-Figueiras 10417. A lo largo del paramo de La Cristalina, Lopez-Figueiras & M. Keogh 11371. Camde 1 ina neiicana (B. de Lesd.) Poelt. Estado Lara: Cumbres de La Serrania Baragua, Lopez-Figuei ras & R. Smith 20924. 1985 Lopez-Figueiras, Lichen flora of Venezuela 495 Carretera Barbacoas-Hato Arriba-El Tocuyo, cercanias de la Quebrada Cujisal, Lopez-Figueiras & R. Smith 16551. Catinaria verrsxcolor (Fee) Sipman. Estado Lara: Sierra Ziruma o Empalado, alrededores de Cerro Azul, Lopez-Figueiras 21600. Carretera Barbacoas-Hato Arriba-El Tocuyo, cuenca de la quebrada Cujisal, Lopez-Figueiras-R. Smith 16612. Estado Merida: El Maciegal, cuenca del rio La Pedregosa, cerca nias de Merida, Lopez-Figueiras & Ruiz Teran 10565. Paramo La Negra, Lopez-Figueiras & Morales Mendez 29077. Estado Tachira: Betania, parte alta del Valle de Tama, Lopez- Figueiras 26099, 26106. Estado Trujillo: La Cava, entre Hoya del Carruzo y el paramo de Cende, Lopez-Figueiras 13242. Entre Las Palmas y Agua de Obispo, carretera Carache-Las Penas, Lopez-Figueiras 29504. Chiodecttm antillaanm Vainio. Estado Tachira: Via Rubio-Bramon , M. Hale & Lopez-Figuei ras 45746. Chiodectan smtguineim (Sw.) Vainio. Estado Falcon: Sierra de San Luis, montaha de Paraguariba, Lopez-Figueiras & H.H. van der Herff 19275. Sierra de San Luis, alrededores de Uria, via Las Negritas- Curimagua, Lopez-Figueiras 19275. Estado Lara: Sierra de Bobare, en Pico-Pico, Lopez-Figuei ras & R. Smith 20751. Sierra Portuguesa, en Loma Redonda , via Barquisimeto-La Pedrera hacia la Montana, Lopez-Figueiras & R. Smith 16173. Estado Merida: Entre Merida y la Chorrera, carretera a la Azulita, M. Hale 42120. Paramo de Las Coloradas, potreros de San Rafael, Lopez- Figueiras 15569. Estado Tachira: Vertiente occidental del Pico Banderas, paramo de Tama, M. Hale & Lopez-Figueiras 45403. Las Coloradas, zona xerofila de La Grita, Lopez-Figueiras 14391. Estado Trujillo: Paramo de La Nariz, alrededores de la torre de T.V., carretera Agua de Obispo-La Pena, Lopez-Figueiras & M. Hale 19483. Carretera (en cons t rucc ion ) Bocono-Las Negritas, Lopez- Figueiras 11481. 496 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 7 Coenogamium tinkii Erenberg ex Nees Estado Falcon: Sierra de San Luis, montana de Paraguariba, Lopez-Figueiras 21430. Estado Lara: Sierra de Bobare, en Pico-Pico, Lopez-Figuei ras & R. Smith 20757. Estado Tachira: Via Rubio-Bramon , M. Hale & Lopez-Figueiras 45746. Estado Trujillo: Paramo de La Nariz, Lopez-Figueiras 16976. Cornelia zahlbruckneri Schiffn. Estado Falcon: Sierra de San Luis, alrededores del Parador Turistico, Curimagua, Lopez-Figueiras 19336. Sierra de San Luis, montana de Paraguariba, Lopez-Figueiras & H.H. van der Herff 21474. Estado Lara: Sierra Portuguesa, cerro El Zamuro, cercanias de Villa Nueva, Lopez-Figueiras & M. Hale 19878. Estado Merida: Sierra Nevada de Merida, quebrada Fafoy, cer canias de El Carrisal, Lopez-Figueiras & M. Hale 20164. Finca San Isidro, un sector de La Carbonera, via Merida-La Azulita, Lopez-Figueiras 16232. Estado Tachira: Cercanias de Laguna Garcia, proximidades de Pregonero, Lopez-Figueiras & H. Rodriguez 25464. Estado Trujillo: Finca Mesedero, encima de Mesa Arriba, co lindante con el paramo El Turmal, cercanias de Carache, Lopez- Figueiras 16892. Glossodiom wuerssm Ny lander. Estado Merida: Sierra del Norte, paramo de Los Conejos, La Toma, Lopez-Figueiras 24278, 24360. Paramo de Aricagua, Lopez-Figueiras 12804. Estado Tachira: Paramo de Tama, Pico Banderas, M. Hale & Lopez-Figueiras 45531. Paramo El Zumbador, Lopez-Figueiras & M. Keogh 9336. Estado Trujillo: Paramo de Guaramacal, cercanias de Bocono, Lopez-Figueiras & M. Hale 19924. Vertiente oriental del paramo de Las Rosas, cercanias de Cara che, Lopez-Figueiras & H. Rodriguez 26607. Megalospora sulphurata Meyer et Flot. var. nigricans (M.A.) Rid. Distrito Federal: Cordillera de La Costa, a lo largo del cami no entre la estacion del Teleferico y el Lagunaso, Lopez- Figueiras 25321, 25343. Estado Merida: Prado Verde, un sector del Valle, Lopez- Figueiras 13520. 1985 LcJpez-Figueiras, Lichen flora of Venezuela 497 Paramo de Las Coloradas, entre El Portachuelo y la pension Las Nieves, Lopez-Figueiras 25672. Estado Tachira: Betania, parte alta del Valle Tama, Lopez- Figueiras 24735, 25836, 25950, 26030. Estado Trujillo: Entre Las Palmas y Agua de Obispo, carretera Carache-Las Palmas, Lopez-Figueiras 29492, 29505. Paramo de Cende, Lopez-Figueiras 13034. Megalospora tuberculosa (Fee) Sipman. Distrito Federal: Caracas, cordillera de La Costa. Track from Altamira to La Silla, Sipman 10744. Estado Merida: Sierra del Norte, paramo de Los Conejos, El Salaito, Lopez-Figueiras 24401. Paramo La Negra, Lopez-Figueiras & Morales Mendez 29091. Estado Trujillo: Carretera Carache-Agua de Obispo-La Pena, entre Agua de Obispo y la torre de T.V. , Lopez-Figueiras 28495, 28507. Melanotheca cruenta (Mont.) Mull. Arg. Estado Falcon: Sierra de San Luis, Piedra de Agua, cercanias de San Luis, Lopez-Figueiras & R. Wingfield 22417. Menegazzia teZebrata (Hoffm.) Mass. Estado Merida: En Morro Negro, area de Pico de Horma, al sur este de Mesa Quintero, Lopez-Figueiras & H. Rodriguez 22913. Paramo de San Jose de Acequias, proximidades del Zanjon del Cupis, Lopez-Figueiras & Morales Mendez 30184. Estado Tachira: Betania, parte alta del Valle de Tama, Lopez-Figueiras 25966. Estado Trujillo: Paramo de La Nariz, alrededores de la T.V., via Agua de Obispo, La Pena, Lopez-Figueiras & M. Hale 19490. fiephrana helveticum Ach. Estado Merida: Sierra Nevada de Santo Domingo, paramo de Mucubaji, quebrada Los Patos, cercanias de la Laguna Negra, Lopez-Figueiras 28353. Paramo de Pifiango, un sector del paramo de Mucuchies a lo la£ go de la carretera entre La Quebrada Las Tapias y Pifiango, Lopez-Figueiras 27921. Peltigem austroaaBericana Zahlbruckner . As P. ameriama Vain in Vareschi 1973. Estado Merida: Las Piedras-Cuenca del Aracay Arriba, Lopez- Figueiras 9709, 9735, 9751. Sierra Nevada de Santo Domingo, inmediaciones de Los Frailes, en la via Apartaderos-Santo Domingo, Lopez-Figueiras & Morales Mendez 23544. 498 PHYTOLOGIA Vol . 56, No. 7 Estado Tachira: Alrededores de Betania, parte alta del Valle de Tama, Lopez-Figueiras 10084. Estado Trujillo: Paramo El Jabon, Lopez-Figueiras 13351A. Paramo de Guirigay, finca Guirigay-Rio Burate, Lopez-Figuei ras & Ruiz Teran 11051. Peltigera pulverulemta. (Tayl.) Kremp. Estado Merida: A lo largo del paramo de Los Granates, Lopez- Figueiras 14808. Sierra del Norte, paramo de Los Conejos, finca San Rafael, Lopez-Figueiras 23912. Estado Tachira: Paramo El Batallon, Lopez-Figueiras 10203. Paramo El Rosal, Lopez-Figueiras 10170, 10181, 10184. Estado Trujillo: Paramo El Jabon, Lopez-Figueiras 13334. Carretera antigua Bocono-Tru j i 1 lo , base del paramo La Crista lina, Lopez-Figueiras 10409, 10415, 10437. lrst. record for the Andes area. Peltigera rufescens (Weis.) Humb . Estado Merida: Paramo de Los Granates, a lo largo de La Ve ga 14730. Paramo de Timotes, alrededores del pico El Gavilan, Lopez- Figueiras, T. Ahti & P.M. Jorgensen 17793. Estado Trujillo: Paramo de Guaramacal, Lopez-Figueiras 10293. Peltigera ulcerate. Mull. Arg. Estado Aragua: Cercanias de la Colonia Tovar, El Junquito, Lopez-Figueiras 25061. Estado Merida: Parque Nacional Sierra Nevada, alrededores de La Mucuy, Lopez-Figueiras & M. Lindstrom 27170, 27179, 27169. Finca San Eusebio, La Carbonera, cercanias de Merida, Lopez- Figueiras 25019. Estado Tachira: Cercanias de Laguna Garcia, proximidades de Pregonero, Lopez-Figueiras & H. Rodriguez 25455. TelLosckistes erilis (Michx.) Vainio Estado Falcon: Sierra San Luis, entre La Tabla y Cerro Gali cia, Lopez-Figueiras & R. Wingfield 21823. Estado Lara: Sierra de Barbacoas entre Quebrada del Vino y Barbacoas, Lopez-Figueiras & R. Smith 16539. Estado Merida: Finca La Culata, parte alta del Valle, cerca nias de Merida, Lopez-Figueiras 13578, 13580, 13626. El Pedregal de Jaji, un sector de La Carbonera, Lopez- Figueiras & M. Lindstrom 27124. 1985 L<$pez-Figueiras, Lichen flora of Venezuela 499 Acknowledgements 1 would like to acknowledge with gratitude the kind help of Mason E. Hale, H. Sipman, C.M. Wetmore and 0. Vitikainen for revision of the above mentioned list. Special thanks are due to R. Smith and R. Wingfield for their kind help during field work in Lara and Falcon States respective - ly. The author also acknowledges the financial support from CONICIT (grant S1-26-BIO-S1 :0981 ) and from CDCHT, ULA (grant FA-43-81). Literature cited Lopez-Figueiras , 1977 M. Contribucion a la flora 1 iquenologica de Venezuela. Phytologia, 36(3) : 161—163. 1979 Contribution to the lichen flora of Vene¬ zuela, I. Phytologia, 43(4) :427-429. Lopez-Figueiras, M. & M. Keogh 1977 Perlatolic Acid in Glossodium aversum: A lichen new to Venezuela, The Bryologist, 80(4) : 654-653. Sipman, H. 1983 A MONOGRAPH OF THE LICHEN FAMILY MEGAL0SP0 RACEAE. Biblioteca Lichenologica 18. Vareschi, V. 1973 Catalogo de los Liquenes de Venezuela. Acta Botanica Venezuelica, 8( 1—4) : 177—245. PUBLICATION OF VERBESINA FUSCASICCANS W.G. D'Arcy Missouri Botanical Garden In the Flora of Panama where Verbesina fuscasiccans was described, the place of publication and the type of the intended basionym, Wedelia fuscasiccans D'Arcy, were indicated, but the basionym itself was not cited. Verbesina fuscasiccans (D'Arcy) D'Arcy is based on Wedelia fuscasiccans D'Arcy. The present statement is being published because under 33.2 of the current code, Verbesina fuscasiccans could be regarded as not validly published . Verbesina fuscasiccans (D'Arcy) D'Arcy (Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 62:1149. 1975 (1976). Wedelia fuscasiccans D'Arcy, Phytologia 30:6. 1975. TYPE: Panama, Croat 27091 (MO) . -this publication includes the Latin diagnosis. (This work was supported by NSF grant BSR-8305425, W.G. D'Arcy, principal investigator.) 500 BOOK REVIEWS Alma L. Moldenke "ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY AND SYSTEMATICS" Volume 15, 1984, edited by Richard F. Johnston & associates Peter W. Frank & Charles B. Michener, xi & 601 pp. , 21 b/w fig., 25 tab. & 4 maps. Annual Reviews, Inc., Palo Alto, California 94306. 1984. $27.00 U.S.A., $30.00 foreign. The 19 papers in this year's volume are all worth the reading and/or study, starting with Dupuis' evaluation of Hennig's logical impact on taxonomic theory. Brussard deals with geographic patterns and environmental gradients with a central-marginal model in Hawaiian fruitflies. Loveless & Hamrick provide an excellently clear and de¬ tailed 6-page table summarizing the ecological factors that can affect the genetic structure of populations and their predicted effects. There is neither the time nor the space to describe in more detail these papers and others on founding of new populations, founder effects and speciation, evolution of eusociality, compara¬ tive social ecology of carnivores, mimicry and deception in pollina¬ tion, evolution of food catching by birds and mammals, optimal foraging theory and much more of value in topics and treatment. "EXPERIMENTS IN PLANT TISSUE CULTURE" by John H. Dodds & Lorin W. Roberts, xiii & 178 pp., 10 b/w tab., 17 fig. & 30 photo. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, & New York, N. Y. 1982. $32.50 clothbound & $11.95 paperbound. The highly regarded J. Heslop-Harrison writes in the Foreword of this undergraduate text: "The chapters not only describe how to carry out procedures but offer lucid accounts of the historical background and interpretations of the results likely to be obtained, backed up by extensive bibliographies." Among others there are directly written chapters on the culture of plant cells; tissues and organs; aseptic techniques; callus; organogenesis; somatic embryogenesis and shoot apex, pollen and anther cultures. The chap¬ ters close with "Questions for Discussion" and suggested experiments. Commercial sources in both the U. K. and U. S. A. for supplies for the experimental work are given in an appendix. 501 Index to authors in Volume Fifty-six Anderson, J. P., Jr., 365 Anton, A. M. , 307 Bonham, C. D., 145 Bowers, F. D. , 492 Cuatrecasas, J., 368 D'Arcy, W. G. , 500 Dillon, M. O., 337 Egler, F. E., 365 Espinosa G., J., 331 Foote, M. A., 75, 343 Gandhi, K. N., 199 Garcia Zuniga, A., 321 Griesel, W. O., 293 Grygiel, C. E., 145 Hansen, B. F., 308 Henry, R. D., 1, 129 Jordan, J. L. , 293 Jordan, L. S., 293 Judziewicz, E. J., 299 King, R. M. , 249, 252, 256 Ldpez-Figueiras, M. , 493 Lourteig, A., 381 Lundell, C. L., 19, 28, 137, 141 413, 419 Moldenke, A . L. , 61, 127, 185 317, 368, 448, 501 Moldenke, H . N. , 32, 102, 144 154, 309, 342, 345, 353, 380 420, 465 Ravenna, P. , 193 , 196 Redente, E. F. , 145 Reese, W. D., 17, 305, 306 Robinson, H. , 249, 252, 256, 259 262, 287, 368 Rodriguez J. , C., 327 Rzedowski, J. , 321 Sauleda, R. P., 308 Schuster, R. M. , 65, 449 Scott, A. R., 1, 129 Silba, J., 339, 489 Smith, L. B., 16 Thomas, R. D. , 199 Turner, B. L. , 81, 377 Ward, D. E., 55 Wasshausen, D. C. , 16 Wunderlin, R. P., 308 Index to supra-specif ic scientific names in Volume Fifty-six A bleA , 333 Abutllon, 59 Acacia, 57, 58, 438, 439, 441 442 A calypka, 14, 133, 346, 442 Acantkaceae., 55, 171 A canthollppla, 357 Ace*., 2, 4, 11, 12, 129, 132 Ace*aceae, 4, 132 AchllleJX, 214, 218, 219, 239 Achtlno chelta , 442 Acon.UA, 1-4, 6-14 AcAOiCypkuA , 453-457 A e.glpklla, 144, 342, 349 AeAculuA, 133 A gathuA , 114 A gave., 439, 442 A g&nalum, 200 A gntmonla, 135 Agnoitti, 4, 12, 14 Altanlh.uA, 130, 135 Alzoacejae., 55 Algae., 75, 80 Allima, 4 AHimaceue., 4 A Ilium, 58, 131 A InuA , 474 AlomleJULa, 256-258 Alope.cun.uA, 4, 12 A loyila, 357, 439, 477, 488 Amafianthaceae. , 55 Aman.anth.uA, 55 Amanyltidacejae. , 196 A matlanla, 19 Ambn.0i.la, 133, 200, 337, 338 Amclanchten , 2, 135 Amonpka, 5, 11-13 A mpkicanpa, 14 502 1985 Index 503 Amphtjubuta, 73 AnacaAdtaceae , 132 AnacheUtum , 308 AnacAogynae, 464 AnctitAoctadui , 168 Anemone., 134 Anemia, 449-451 AneuAaceae, 449 A ngetphytum, 262, 274 Annona, 357 AnomaneuAa, 451 Anthettaceae , 66, 67 Anthemtdeae, 89, 199-201, 293, 205, 207, 209, 211, 213-215, 217, BacchaAti , 252 Aittcta, 71 Aitxagatui, 58 AitA.anthA.um, 88 AtAA.pt.ex, 148, 479 AuntcutaAdtita , 19, 20, 413 Auitxio anemia, 450, 451 AiLitAolejeunea, 458, 459 AuitAOiCyphui , 453-455 Avetiahoa, 381-385, 392, 394, 395, 399, 400, 404, 408, 410, 411 A oexahoaceae, 384 Avtcenntaceae, 128 AxUJU.htoA.ae, 357 219, 221, 223, 225, 227, 229, 231, 233, 235, 237, 239, 241, 243, 245, 247 A nthemti, 200, 214, 217, 218, Baeomycei, 493, 494 8 aUeya, 55 Batanttopitdaceae, 68, 453, 457 BatanttopitcUneae, 457 237, 239 Batiamtnaceae , 4 Antko cephatui , 123 Bambuiotdeae, 299 Anth.oceA.otae, 73, 462, 464 BantiteAxopiti , 350 Apkanotej eunea, 458 8 aA.baA.ea, 14 Aphanoitephui , 81- 101 Beau.aaA.nea, 442 Apioi , 14 8 egonta, 16, 128 A podantheAa, 57 Begontaceae, 128 AAaceae, 4, 131 BeLUi, 89 AaoJUxl, 132 Ben.beAtdaceae, 132 A Aattaceae, 132 BeA.naA.dta, 439 A Aaneae, 188 Betuta, 2, 5, 11, 12, 15 AKaucaAta, 113 Betutaceae, 5, 132 A AceoneuAa, 451, 452 Btdeni, 5, 7, 10, 12, 13 A AchtbaeckaAti , 377-379 200 AA.ctotx.deae, 200 Btgnontaceae, 56 A Adtiia, 20, 141 Btopkytum, 381, 383, 399 A Atiaema, 131 B laitaceae, 66 AAnogtoiium, 234, 235 Btaittneae, 66 AAtemtiia, 214, 222-225, 240 BtephaAtdophyttaceae, 68 A icteptadjaceae, 4, 132 BtephaAtdophyttum, 68 Aictepton , 4, 132 Btephttta, 134 Aiiimataceae, 245 BoehmeAta, 6 AipaA.agui, 131 BoAagtnaceae, 132 A iptdtotui, 358 BotAychtum, 131 A ipttta, 262-286 Bougatnvtttea, 165, 166, AiteJl, 1, 5, 7, 10, 12, 55, 88, Bfiacteoiae, 167 133, 200 BA.ah.ea, 438 A itexaceae, 55, 81, 96, 199, 200, 8 Kaiitcaceae, 56 204, 208-211, 213, 239-243, 245, BAathyi , 329 249, 252, 254, 256, 259, 262, 8 Atckettta, 55 273, 274, 287, 337, 338, 368 BKOmui , 132 AiteAatei, 244 BAoitmum, 139 A iteAeae, 81, 89, 96, 200, 378 Bayatei, 305 A iteAoideae, 200 Bayophyta, 464 504 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 7 Bueegla, 72 Bueegloldeae, 72 BuddleXa, 475 BulboekaeXe, 78, 79 BuA-6 QAO., 139, 426, 438, 439, 442, 470, 479 ByKAOnXma, 426, 428 Cacalia, 215, 233-235, 242, 246 CacXaeeae, 57 CaXamagnoAtXA , 4, 12 CalenduZeae, 200 CaJUXandna, 439, 474, 479 Ca£Ltco.6,te££a, 492 CaUXXnXA, 156 Calopkyllum, 28, 159 CaXXka, l, 5, 7, 14 Calympen.aee.ae, 17, 18, 306 CalympeneA, 17, 18, 305, 306 Cama/ia, 362 Campanula, 5, 7, 132 CampanuXaeeae, 5, 132 CandeXanXa, 494 CandeXXna, 494 CapnX^olXaeeae, 132 Canambola, 384 Ca.4dajrK.ne, 5 Canex, 4, 7, 10, 12, 13, 57, 130, 131 CaAlownXghXXa, 55 CanpinuA , 130, 132 Canya, 2, 14, 129, 133 CaAeanXa, 357 CaApanya, 16 CaAAia, 58, 352 CaAtUUia, 357 CaAtiXXeja, 60 CaXXnanXa/, 493, 495 Ca.ucadU.deae, 412 Ceanotku 6, 439 Cec4op/da, 473 Ced4cXCa, 426 Ce^cba, 438 CeXaAtnaeeae, 28, 137, 139, 419 CeX.aAtn.aleA, 128 CeXXXA, 135, 360 CentauAlum, 58 C epkaXo eeneuA , 442 CenaAtXum, 15 CeAcXdXum, 439 CeAcXA, 134 CeAeocanpuA , 439 CkaeXomonpka, 75 CkaeXopkylXopAldaeeae, 457, 463 CkaetopkylXopAiA , 457 CkamaeAyee, 133 Chanda nanXkuA , 68 CkeXXolejeunea, 459 CkeXone, 1, 6, 12 C ke.no podLLum, 295, 297, 298 CkXloAeypkuA , 463 CkA.ode.eXon, 495 ChXoantkaeeae, 128 CkZonopkyta, 75 Ckonda, 343 ChondanXa, 343 Ckn.omolae.na, 267 CkAyAantkemum, 200, 214, 220, 239 Cleea, 381 CiehonXeae, 200 CiekonXoideae, 200 ClekonXum, 200 CicuXa, 6, 12 Cinnamomum, 181 Clpuna, 193-195 Cincaea, 134 Cln.AA.um, 133 CiXkanexylum , 144, 348 Cbadopkona, 11, 78 CladopkonaleA , 75, 77 ClandanXum , 68 C-£a4ma£oco£ea, 455, 456, 463 ClaytonXa, 15, 134 CleXkna, 474 CleAode.ndn.um, 123, 126, 154 ClXbadXum, 252 CnXdoAeoluA , 428 Coeeoloba, 360 CoehXoApenmum, 357, 470 Cocoa, 159 Coenogonium, 496 Cololej eunea, 457, 458 ColubnXna, 438, 439 CommeXXna, 57 CommeXXnaeeae, 57, 131 CompOAiXae, 5, 7, 9, 96, 97, 130, 133, 200, 244-248, 250, 257, 258, 280, 282, 331, 338, 378, 421, 475, 482 CondaXXa, 59 ConKj$e>iae, 128, 341, 490 ConnanopA-iA , 385 ConoeepkaXaeeae, 71 1985 Index 505 CoYioccphalum, 460 Conopkotii , 59 CoYioAicgia, 357 CoYivolvulaceae., 5, 57, 199, 245 CoyivoIvuIua , 57 CoKalloKhiza, 130, 132 Con.dU.CL, 357, 442, 473 ConeJUa, 496 Cone.opAiA, 200 CoKYiaceae., 5, 133 CoKYlUA , 2, 5, 7, 11-13, 133 Con.ywuU.CL, 315-316, 345-353 CoKyluA , 14, 132 C oKymboAae., 357 CoAmOA, 439 CowayUa, 148 Cn.cutae.guA , 2 CnlAianUa, 145 CKOYiquiAiiaYiihuA , 252-255 CKOAAopeialum, 137-139 Cn.oi.OYl, 357, 438, 439, 442 CKucifieAae., 5, 133 Cucun.biiae.eae., 57 C upKeAAaceae., 131, 339 CuKaiella, 426 CuAcuia, 5, 57 Cu&cuiaceae., 199, 245 CyaYiophyia, 66 CyclodiciyoYi, 492 CymbopogoYi, 49 CyYiaYickum, 132 C yYianeae. , 200 CyYiomeXn.a, 360 CypeAaceae., 4, 7, 9, 57, 131 C ypeAuA , 4, 10, 12, 131 Cy&iopie.nU.A , 131 VaciytiA, 132 VahJLia, 2 00 Valea, 58 VaYiihoYUa, 130, 132 VapaYUa, 381, 383, 398, 411 Ve.Yidn.oce.n.copii& , 451-453 Ve.Yidn.oce.n.06 , 452 Ve.YiianUa, 133 VeAmaneAiia, 343 VeAmodium, 134 Vialium, 28, 139 ViapaYia, 399 Vice.Yiin.a, 134 VichaeXopkona, 88 Vidnapeialum, 168 VicJU.daYVtln.e.Ka, 168 ViciyocyAiiA , 343 ViciyoAiphoYi, 343 Vigiiania, 132 ViheieAopogoYi, 481 ViUe.Yua, 41 VimeAOAiejnma, 262, 271, 274 VioAconea, 131 VioAconeaceae., 13 1 VioApyKOA , 426, 428 VioApynuA, 168 Viplophyllwn, 67 VipieAo calyx, 357 Vode.caihe.OYi, 129, 130, 134, 136 VodoYiaea, 442, 474 VouiYua, 67 VouiYUoideae., 67 Vne.paYiole.jeuYiea, 459 VnoAeAaceae., 247 VKucella, 69, 74 VKuceJUeae., 69 Vnucelloideac, 69 VumoKiie.Ka, 71, 462, 463 VumoKiUeAoideae., 71 VyAAodia, 245 EchiYiodnJLoa, 4, 7, 132 EckiYIO pieJiiA , 442 EcJUpia, 5, 12 EciocaKpuA , 343 EgleieA , 89 ElachiAiea, 343 Elae.o caKpuA , 122 ElZOChoKlA, 4, 12, 13, 57 Ele.phaYiiopuA , 199, 245 ElelutheAiYie., 193, 195 ElUAia, 133 ElmeAKillia, 181 ElymuA, 132 ElyiKania, 55 EYicyclia, 308 EYigelmaYiYvia, 55 EYiie.KomoKpka, 75, 76 EomoAiigophoKa, 68 Ephe.dKa, 148 EphemeAopAiA , 458 EphiaUA, 36 EphieliA , 35, 36, 38, 114 EphittiiA, 36 Epide.YidKum , 308 Epilobium, 5 Epiphytla, 72, 73 EpipKemYium, 315 EquiAeiaceae, 4, 131 506 PHYTOLOGIA Vol . 56, No. 7 EquiAeiophyia, 4, 6, 8, 130, 131 EquiAeium, 4, 131 EAechiiieA, 5, 215, 236, 237, 243 EAemonotoideae, 67 EAemonotuA , 67 EAicaceae, 133 EAigeAon, 55, 56, 133 EAio caulaceae , 128 EAiogonum, 59 EAA.omuA.on, 307 EAyngium, 410 EAyAimum, 56 EAytkAina, 473 EuagnuA, 313 EuCAOAia, 196-198 EucAypia, 58 Eugenia, 310 EuonymuA, 419 EupaiOAeae, 254 EupotOAieae, 200, 249, 252, 254, 256, 257 EupaiOAium, 5, 12, 13, 133, 252, 253, 255, 331-336, 473, 474 EupkoAbia, 57 EuphoAbiaceae, 57, 133, 381, 442 Euza.pa.nicL, 357 Fa.ba.ceae, 57, 183, 184 Fagaceae, 133 F aAadaya, 38, 126, 160 F endlexeiia, 60 FeAtuca, 14, 132 FicuA , 360, 428 F ouquieAia, 442, 479 FAanAeAia, 337 F AaxinuA , 2, 5, 11, 12, 134, 439 FAuiiania, 68, 459 GaiiiaAdia, 56 Galium, 6, 7, 12, 135 Genliana, l, 5, 12, 14 Geniianaceae, 5, 58 Geocaiycacexie, 456, 457 GeocoXyocneae, 457 Ge^an-uiceae, 58, 133 GeAanium, 58, 133 GeAbeAa, 200 Geum, 6, 135 GeunAia, 119 Giiia, 59 Ginkgoaceae, 341 GlediiAia, 2, 134 GiiAicidia, 357 GloAAodium, 496, 499 Glycexia, 4, 7, 12, 13 Glycine, 183 Gme£uaa, 32-43, 45, 47-53, 102- 111, 113, 115-119, 121-126, 154 182, 309-315 Gnaphalium, 133 Gochnaiia, 439, 479 Gaangea, 89 GAoltea, 67 GAoilexiceae, 66 GAuAonia, 439 Guazuma, 357, 428, 473 GueliaAda, 123, 126 GutieAAezia, 56 GymnodaduA , 130, 134 G ymnomiiAiaceae , 67 GymnoAtyleA, 226, 227 GynoxyA, 368-375 Hackelia, 132 Hampea, 473 HaplopappuA , 88, 89, 96 Hauya, 426, 428, 473 HedyoiiA , 60 Heienium, 5 Helianiheae, 200, 259, 273, 274, 337, 338 HelianlhuA, 133, 200, 205 Heliconia, 473, 474 Helieiia, 438 Heiio caApuA , 426, 428, 473 HemicaApka, 57 Hepaiicae, 65, 72-74, 449, 451, 453, 455, 457, 459, 461-464 Hepaiophyta, 73 HeAbeAia, 13 HeAbeAiia, 195 HeAzogianih.uA , 457 HeApeAiA, 14 HeleAotheca, 56, 88 Hippia, 227 Hippo cola ianaceue, 133 Hookeoia, 492 HoopeAiaceae, 492 HoAmidium, 308 HoAia, 346 HyaionejuAa, 451-453 Hybanih.uA, 29, 30 HydAocotyleue, 4 11 HydAocotyloideae, 411 Hydnophyllaceae, 133 HydAoph.yiium, 133 1985 Index 507 Hymenopapput , 56, 214-216, 239, 248 HymenopkyZZum, 66 Hymenopkyiaceae, 66 Hyme.nopkytineM.e., 66 Hymenopkyium, 66 Hyme.nox.y6, 56 HypOLM.Kke.YUJl, 481 HypeAicaceae, 5, 133 HypeAicwn, 5, 14, 132, 327, 329, 330 HypUt, 352, 437 leMCOKeM, 20, 141, 142, 414-418 IZZitia, 249-251 Impatient, 4, 12, 13 InuJLeae, 200 I pOmoeM, 57, 426, 428, 438 Ipomoptit , 59 iKidaceae, 193 l6oZembZdium, 74 l6oiackA.do-id.eMe, 68 Jtoiaekit , 68, 69, 73, 453, 454 Jambota, 103, 166, 310 Jambuta, 103 J aiKOpha, 438, 439, 442, 479 J ubuZoptidaceae, 68 JubuJLop6i.doi.deMe, 68 Jubuiop6i6 , 68, 73 J ugiandaceae, 133 Ju giant, 2, 133 J uZiana, 442 Jancaceae, 4, 13 1 Juncut, 4, 12, 131 JuneZZia, 105 JungeAsnaymiaZet , 66, 453, 457 JungeAmanniidae, 73, 74 JunipeAUt , 96, 131, 339-341, 426, 428, 438, 442 Juttiaea, 5, 12 KaAwintkla, 439, 442 KatineAa, 287-289 Knigia, 133 KuAzia, 73 Labiaiae, 5, 9, 134, 321, 430 Laciuca, 133, 200 Laciuceae, 200 Laciucoideae, 200 Lamiaceae, 58, 199, 245, 358 Laniana (cont.) 430, 432, 434, 436, 438-441, 447, 466, 470, 471, 476, 477, 479, 480, 487 LaAKea, 439, 479 LaiAodeciut, 61 LavanduZa, 358, 488 LeeAtia, 4, 7, 10, 130, 132 Leguminotae, 5, 134 Lejeunea, 70 Lej euneaceae , 70, 72, 74, 457 Lembidioideae, 69, 70 Lemna, 4 Lemnaceae, 4 Lepidium, 296 LepidoZaena, 457 LepidoZaenaceae, 68, 69 LepidoZaenineae, 69 LepidoZejeunea, 71 Lepidoziaceae, 69 Lepiatpit, 299-303 LepioZejeanea, 70, 71 LeptonicciM, 72 Lepiotiicia, 70, 71 LepiotiicioZejejunea, 70 Letpedeza, 134 Leucaena, 357 Leucanikemum , 220 Liabeae, 200, 287 Liabum, 291 LZtiaceae, 58, 131 LiZioptida, 4, 8-10, 130, 131 Linaceae, 58 Linum, 58 LiochZaena, 450, 451 Lippia, 6, 342, 353-364, 380, 420—447, 465-488 LiquidambaA, 474 Loataceae, 59 LabaiiniecaAdia , 449 Lobelia, 5, 130, 132 Lonckocafiput , 473 LoniceAa, 132 LopkocoZeoideae, 463 LopkoneuAa, 451 Lopkozioideae, 67, 69 Loiut , 58 Luditiigia, 5, 10, 12 Luekea, 357, 428 LunuZaAia, 71, 460 LaminaAia, 344 Laniana, 173, 310, 353, 358, 359, Lupinut, 58 361-363, 421, 422, 425, 426, 429, Lydum, 479 508 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 7 iycopuA, 5, 7, 10, 12 LytiZoma, 473, 479 LyiZmachZa, 5, 7 LyZhn.aczaz, 5 LyZhn.um, 5, 12 MachaznanZhzna , 56, 88 Machazn.oczn.zuA , 479 MacZun.a, 2, 134 M cLcn.oczZZa.fu.OL, 70 MagnoJU.oph.yZa., 1, 4, 6, 8, 130, 131 Magno£iop-4-ida,4,6,8-l0, 130, 132 Makinoa, 65, 66 Makinoaczaz, 65, 66 MaZacoZhnZx, 56 MaZpighia, 442 MaZva, 145 Malvaceae, 59, 145 MaZvaZzA, 128 MaZvaAZzium, 145 Man.chanZZa, 71 ManchanZZaczaz, 71 Man.chanZiaZzA , 71, 460 Man.chanZiA.daz, 462 Man.chanZZoidzaz, 71 Mat>ZZgophon.a, 68 Mat>ZZgophon.aczaz, 68 MoutnUcanUa , 214, 222, 240, 245 Maanandya , 60 M ayanaza, 31 MayZznuA, 28, 139, 140, 479 Me.dica.go, 134 Megai.ejflb.idiujn, 74 Mega£o-6po>ta, 496, 497 MzgaZoipofiaczaz, 499 MzZanoZhzca, 493, 497 MzZanZhzn.a, 260 MzZaAZomaZaczaz, 283 MzZiZoZuA, 174 M zZZota, 166 MeXiMa, 362, 421 Mznzgazzania, 497 MznZipzn.maczaz, 134 Mzni4pzn.mum, 134 MznZha, 5 MznZzzZia, 59 Mc4.te.n4.ia, 132 Me^adenia, 234 MzZanaduZa, 69, 72 McizgC4xa^C4, 65, 66, 73, 449, 463, 464 MzZzgznZinzaz, 65, 66 Me^tzgeAiop4^4 , 72, 73 Micn.oZzpidozia, 74 MicAOipeAmam, 250 M^C404^40maillC, 167 M-bmoia, 439, 442 MimuZuA, 6, 60, 130, 135 Mona.cti-6, 252 Monan.da, 58, 134 Monociea, 462 Mono4^t4oma, 76 M onoZKopa, 130, 133 Mon.aczaz, 134 Mon.uA , 2, 134 MuhZznbzn.gia, 15, 132 Munnozia, 287-292 M unZingia, 357 MuAci, 492 Mtotiicac, 200 MynZonzma, 344 Mi/44^naccac, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 141, 143, 413, 415, 417, 419 Myniinz, 418, 419, 458, 459 Mama, 58 NzZAioiCyphuA , 453, 455-457, 463 NzmaAZyZZi , 193, 195 Nzogn.olZza, 69, 70 Mzogn.oZtzoidzaz, 69 NzahaZZonaa, 73 Nzohodg6onZa, 72 Uzphn.oma, 493, 497 NznZAynznia, 56 NzuAOipOKa, 64 NycZanZhaczaz, 128 OdonZonaduZa, 69 OzdogonaZzA , 75 OzdogonZaZzA , 78 Ozdogonium, 79, so OznoZhzn.a, 134 Cbieaccae, 5, 134 Onagn.aczaz, 5, 9, 134, 245 OnocZza, 4, 12 OpkiogZoiAaczaz, 131 OpunZZa, 57, 479 Onchidaczaz, 132, 247, 308 On.zopana.x, 473 Onobanchaczaz, 59 OnXhion, 29-31 OibznZZa , 88 06mon.hiza, 135 Oi>Zn.ya, 2, 14, 129, 132, 473 Oxalidaczaz, 134, 381, 383, 385, 387, 389, 391, 393, 395, 397-399, 1985 Index 509 Oxalldaceaz (cont.) 401, 403, 405, 407, 409, 411 OxaUU, 134, 381, 383, 399, 411 Oxynlx, 384 Oye.da.za, 262, 271 Pachyczn.zu4 , 479 Pazpalanthu4 , 380 Pallavicinlaczaz, 65, 66 Pallaviclnllnzaz, 65, 66 Panax, 130, 132 Pa.ndami4 , 33, 159 Panlcum, 132 Pannlculataz , 357 Papavzn.aceaz, 134 Pan.athz4l4, 21-26, 142, 143 PanXhznOCl44u4 , 14, 130, 135 PzdlculanJ.4 , 1, 6, 12 Pzganum, 60 Pzltlgzn.a, 497, 498 Pznnl4 ztum, 473 Pzn4tzmon, 60 Pznthon.um, 6 Petunia, 410, 412 PhaceUia, 58, 129, 130, 133 Phazdn.ana44a, 196-198 Phazophyta, 343 PhalacAaea, 252 Phalanl4, 4, 12, 13 Phan.eaz, 299 Phan.u4, 299-303 Phaulothamnu4 , 479 Phlox, 134 Phfiyma, 134 Phn.yma.ceaz, 134 PhycanzuAa, 451 Phyla, 357, 358, 363, 434 PhyllanlhLU> , 381 Phy6all6 , 135 Phytolacca, 134 Phytolaccaceaz, 134 Pictolzjzunea, 71 Pilea, 6, 130, 135 Plnaceaz, 489 Pinophyta, 130, 131 PinuA, 428, 433, 441, 473, 474, 489-491 Plthzczlloblum, 357 PHhophon.a, 78 Plaglochlla, 68 Plantaglnaczaz, 59, 134 Plantago, 59, 134 Platanaczaz, 134 PlatanuA, 134 Platyopantla, 438 Platytacz, 411 Platyichkahnla, 56 PlzuAotuA, 411 PlumeAla, 428, 438 Poa, 14, 15, 132, 296-298 Poaczaz, 4, 7, 9, 130, 132, 299 Podonutuloidzaz, 65, 66 Podomltnlum, 65 Podophyllum, 132 Polnclana, 439 PolnAzttla, 133 PolemoYilaceaz, 59, 134 Polemonlum, 59 Polyanthlna, 252 Polygonaczaz, 5, 9, 59, 134 Polygonatum, 131 Polygonum, 5, 7, 10, 12, 13, 134 PolypodUaczaz, 4, 13 1 Polypodlophyta, 4, 6, 130, 131 Popular, 135 Pon.eUU.neaz, 68, 69 Pontulacaceaz, 134 Potzntllla, 15, 135 PnaAanZhut, , 67 Pn.zlA&la, 71 Pnlmulaceaz, 5, 134 Pn.060pt>i6, 438, 479 PnotokaKyotaz, 64 Pn.unLU>, 2, 14, 129, 135, 439 P4Zudou)lntzn.a, 458 Pilloelada, 74 Ptzlea, 439 PteAonlccia, 72 PtlUdiaceaz, 457 Punctanla, 344 Pycnanthem um, 5, 134 Pycnolzjzunea, 459 Qu.zn.CU4, 2, 14, 129, 133, 426, 428, 433, 438, 439, 441, 473, 474 Quetzalla, 140 Radznmachzn.a , 160 Radot, 43, 48, 166, 310 Radula, 69, 72, 73, 459 Radulaceaz, 69 RaduULnzaz, 74 Ra£)$4^a, 344 RancUa, 428 510 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 7 R aYumcutaceae , 5, 9, 134 RanunculuA, 5, 10, 12, 134 R aiibida, 56 Reboutia, 460-462 R ehionia, 183, 184 Rhacoma, 138 Rkajnna.ceM.e-, 59 R kamnaleA , 128 Rka.phldolejeu.neM, 71 Rfu.zoclonj.Lun, 78 Rhodotippia, 357 RhuA, 14, 130, 132, 139 R hynchoAia, 58 R hynchoApoaeae, 246 RibeA, 2, 135 R icCMUduM, 449, 451, 452, 463, 464 Riccia, 72 Rj.ccj.etta, 72 RicciocaapuA , 72 R obinia, 134 R obj.monj.etta, 346 R ohippa, 5, 12, 296 RoAa, 2 Roiaceae, 6, 135 R ubiaceae, 6, 60, 123, 135 Rubai, 14, 130, 135 Rudbeckia, 200 RueltLa, 479 RuizantfluA , 453, 454, 457 Rumex, 5, 7, 12, 134, 296-298 R uiaceae, 60, 135 Saba£, 360, 426, 439 SacckaAum, 361 Sacoita, 308 Sagdllahia, 4, 12, 13 Saticaceae, 6, 135 SaJUx, 6, 7, 10-13, 135 Salvia, 58, 362 SambucuA , 132 Sandeotkattaceae, 65 SandeothattuA , 65 Sanguinaoia, 134 SanicuJtM, 135 Saniotina, 200, 214, 219, 239 SapinduA, 357 Saacotkeca, 381, 383, 385, 398, 399, 411 SaAAaceniaceae, 247 Sa.xxjS'ia.ga., 1, 6, 7, 12 Sax/c^agaceae, 6, 60, 135 Saxx^aga£e2. , 412 Scapaniaceae, 67 Stuapanioideae, 67 Scke^leaa, 159 ScfuAmuA , 297 SckizomeAiA , 76 Schizomiihium, 492 ScinpuA, 4, 10-13, 130, 131 Sclehia, 159 ScleAieae, 246 Scnobicutahia, 372 ScnopkutaKAM, 135 ScAophulaAiaceae , 6, 53, 60, 135, 248 ScAotockloa, 299 -303 Scutettahia, 5, 7, 134 ScytoAiphon, 344 Senecxo, 14, 56, 200 , 215 , 228- 233, 236, 241, 242, 244, 294, 297, 298 Senecioneae, 199 -201 , 203 , 205, 207, 209, 211, 213- 215, 217, 219 221, 223, 225, 227- 229, 231, 233 235, 237, 239, 241, 243, 245, 247, 368 SeJMhia, 132 Sxcfa., 59, 352 SimaAoubaceae, 135 SiA yhinckium , 193, 195 Smx&icaceae., 132 Smilacina, 130, 131 SmjJtax, 132 Solanaceae, 135 Solanum, 113, 135, 316, 428, 442 So&cdago, 1, 5, 7, 133, 200 Soliva, 214, 225-228, 240, 241, 244 Spachium, 329 SpoAtina, 75 Speculania, 332 Spkaefialcea, 59, 145, 150-152 Sphagnum, 1, 2, 8-11, 13-15 SphenolobuA , 67 SphenophotiA , 4, 132 Spxn&tta, 451, 452 Spih.ani.heA , 308 SpiAanthinae, 308 Spifiodela, 4, 12 Spondca*, 357 SpongomoApha, 76 1985 Index 511 StachyA , 5, 12, 134,321, 324,325 StachytaApheta , 380 StcgnoApenma, 479 SteX.no co don, 252 Ste.no ceAejaA , 479 StznonnkynckuA , 308 Ste.pha.Yu.eXZa., 67 StephanleXXoldeae., 67 Stlctolzjeunea, 70 StlXbaceaz, 128 StokzAla, 199, 206 StAophyAtylzA , 134 Styfiax, 25 Suazda, 479 Sympetalaz, 254 Symphonia, 28 Symphofizmaceaz, 128 SymphofiXcanpoA , 2, 133 SymplocoA , 181 Sytinhopodon, 17, 18, 305, 306 TagetzA, 200 Tamanlx, 361 Tanacetum, 200, 214, 221, 222, 237 Tafiaxacum, 14, 133, 200 Tecoma, 56 Te.ct.OYWL, 110 TeljAmannlodzndfLon, 41 TeXoAchlAtzA , 498 TetHoXophozla, 68 Tetname.fu.6ta, 168 Teuc/u.am, 134 ThaXXocafipuA , 72 TharnnoAma, 60 Thzlypodlum, 57 TheXypteAlA , 4 Thzmzda, 481 ThymeXejaXet , 128 TldzAtHomla, 55 Tc&Ul, 2, 129, 130, 135 TlXXaczaz, 135 TlqulXXa, 442 TlttXuA, 118, 122, 123 Toufinzfiofitla, 360 ToivnAzndla, 56 Toxlcodzndkon, 14, 132 T fiadet caYitla , 131 Tnagopogon, 133 357, 473 Tfizubla, 459, 460 Tfizublaczaz, 464 TfizublalzA, 459 TfuwLYtkema, 55 T filchaplum , 252 T nXchXXXa, 357, 426 TfUcAocolzaczaz, 66 TfiXcKothaXXXa, 451 Tfu.de.YiA, 132 TfU^oliwn, 134 T ht^uActa , 193, 195 TfUgoYuaAtfLum, 168 TfuXXXum, 131 TfUmezta, 193, 194 TnXodla, 307 TfUoAtewn, 133 Typka, 4, 12, 13 Typhaceae, 4 Ulmaceae, 6, 135 U£ma6, 2, 6, 7, 11-13, 25, 135 U£va, 76, 77 Ulvalet, 75 UmbeXXX^eAae, 6, 135, 411 UflOApOHa, 78 UfitLcaceae, 6, 135 U\mXjOAXa, 131 l/a£e4£ana, 60 \JoXeAXaYWLcexie, 60 1/angueru.a, 10 5 l/OA^OKUA, 475 VauqueXlnia, 439 VeAboAcum, 135 VeAbZYWL, 6, 60, 135, 362, 422 VeAbznaczaz, 60, 128, 135, 466 VeAbzAlna, 428, 500 VeAdoofLYlXa, 65, 66 l /eAdooHYXoideae., 66 l/eAnon-ca, 14, 133, 252 Vzfinonlzaz, 200, 248 UeAOYvia, 199 VlbaHnwn, 133 I Ucta, 58, 410, 412 ViguteAa, 56, 263, 264, 270, 442 Viola, 135 Vlolaceaz, 29, 135 l /lolaXzA, 128 Vltaczaz, 135 l lltex, 35, 38, 106, 110, 114, 118, 123, 313, 314 VltlA, 135 VolkamzfUa, 126 WaXtheAla, 439 512 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 56, No. 7 WtdcJUa, 262, 263, 273, 500 W2A.ma.nnla, 25 WitenOieJULaccjac, 71 WizAncuoULo-Ldcac, 71 WiMCHla, 183, 184 WuZ^la, 259-261 Xanthium, 206 Xanthophytturn, 168 XantkoAoma, 473, 474 Xantkoxylum, 130, 135 Yucca, 442 ZanXhoxylum, 357, 360, 439 Zapanca, 357, 362 Zca, 360 Z X.noivX.eivxa, 25 Z-izypkuA, 49 Zoopb-LdcJULa, 457 ZdOpisLi , 457 Z Obtcua, 78 ZygopkylZaccac, 60 Publication dates Vol. 55, No. 5 Vol. 55, No. 6 Vol. 55, No. 7 Vol. 56, No . 1 Vol. 56, No. 2 Vol. 56, No. 3 Vol. 56, No. 4 Vol. 56, No. 5 Vol. 56, No. 6 June 4, 1984 June 14, 1984 June 28, 1984 July 20, 1984 August 11, 1984 September 17, 1984 November 21, 1984 December 15, 1984 December 11, 1984