‘2’ PHYTOLOGIA
4) An international journal to expedite botanical and phytoecological publication
or
Vol. 58 August 1985 No. 2
CONTENTS
HOWARD, R. A., & HOWARD, E. S., The Reverend Lansdown ETON ORR as 7a (Saas eels eae Oi an OR Meine Meir eR ME Ue, eRe pe het ae, Bs 105
LIBRARY
SEP 23 1985 NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN
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THE REVEREND LANSDOWN GUILDING, 1797-1831
Richard A. & Elizabeth S. Howard Arnold Arboretum 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138
The Rev. Lansdown(e) Guilding of St. Vincent, the West Indies, is known to two groups of biologists: to zoologists for his work on the Caribbean fauna which he collected, illustrated, and published primarily in the Zoological Journal and the Transactions of the Linnean Society between 1822 and 1837; to botanists for "An Account of the Botanic Garden in the Island of St. Vincent," privately published in 1825, and for the illustrations, specimens, and notes he supplied for William J. Hooker articles and drawings’ in his Exotic Flora and the Botanical Magazine (1822-1827). Guilding's announced "Fauna" and "Pomona Occidentalis" were never completed, and the manuscripts were apparently lost. His specimens of plants and animals are preserved primarily in the collections at Kew and the British Museum (Natural History). Species of starfish, centipedes, beetles, peripatus (which he was the first to find), and the St. Vincent parrot were named for him, as well as the moss Calymperes guildingii Hooker & Greville and the following flowering plants: Achyranthes aspera v. guildingii Moquin, Calliandra guildingii Bentham, Crematomia guildingiana Miers, Croton guildingii Grisebach, Gomphia guildingii Planchon, Psidium guildingianum Grisebach, and the genus Guildingia Bentham (= Mourirl).
Existing biographical data for Guilding are scanty. However, his letters to William J. Hooker (20)*, A. B. Lambert (23), and William Swainson (38), preserved in the libraries of Kew and the Linnean Society, establish the dates of some of his’ publications and reveal some facts of his life as well as the nature of his contributions to Hooker's several publications.
Lansdown Guilding was born in Kingstown, St. Vincent, on May 9, 1797, one of six children of rector John Guilding and his wife, Sarah. In an informal
*Numbers in parentheses refer to brief biographical notes comprising the Appendix of this paper. 105
106 POY TOL 6 PA Vol. 58, No. 2
biographical note he recorded the fact that he left home on April 30, 1802, when he was nearly five years old, on the ship St. Vincent, and spent the next fifteen years in England. On October 10, 1813, at the age of sixteen years and four months, he matriculated at Oxford. He passed his first and second examinations on May 29, 1815, and May 5, 1817, and took his degree of B.A. on May 6. He recorded his expenses at Oxford during those four years as & 1772.16.01/2 (Linn. Soc., Swainson Corr. vol. 2). He returned to his childhood home on July 25, 1817, and immediately began collecting animal specimens.
His father's death in 1818 must have awakened him to his responsibilities, for he sought an appointment as garrison chaplain before leaving for England on January 5, 1819. No doubt he enjoyed stopping at Grenada, St. Kitts, Tortola, and St. Thomas before sailing on February 13 and reaching Falmouth April 4. His writings indicate his desire to visit other islands in the West Indies and the Spanish Main but record specific trips only to Beguia and Union islands in the Grenadines. He spent only "50 days, 1 month 19 days" in England and departed from Gravesend on the Cleo.
In 1820 Guilding made another trip to Europe. He left St. Vincent April 6 and landed in England May 15. His stay was short, for he left Falmouth on June 10 and arrived in St. Vincent July 8. Perhaps he went back to marry Mary Hunt, daughter of the Rev. S. Hunt, rector of Wakerly and St. George's, Stamford (England). She died "in childbed on the 15th day of November, 1827, leaving five little children." On December 8, 1828, Guilding married Charlotte Lydia Melville of St. George's, Grenada, who "was left with six small children" on his death two years later.
There is no indication that Guilding was trained for the ministry; indeed, his inclinations were in the study of natural history. How soon he succeeded his father as rector of St. George's Anglican church has not been determined, but church records reveal that Lansdown Guilding was the rector when the church was consecrated in 1820. The minutes of meetings of the church elders with Guilding show that from 1824 to 1826 there was a continuing dispute between him and Robert Herries, a vestryman in charge of funds and accounts. Guilding held the opinion that the rector should have the right to Payment for paupers' funerals, and Herries maintained that it was unlawful according to the church statutes. Herries recorded the dispute and later claimed that
1985 Howard & Howard, Lansdown Guilding 107
Guilding had expunged the minutes of some of the meetings and changed the vote of a vestry election so that Herries lost his position. A final statement from Guilding said that there was "just a misunderstanding." He performed his last baptism as rector on July 8, 1831, and died in October in Bermuda.
Guilding was elected a Fellow of the Linnean Society while he was still 20 years of age and within the year of his graduation from Oxford in 1817. William J. Hooker (20) had been a Fellow since 1806, and A. B. Lambert (23), elected in 1788, was then the Vice President of the Society. Although there is no evidence that Guilding attended any meetings, it is possible that his acquaintance with Lambert and Hooker developed through the Linnean Society. His correspondence with them _ began after his brief trip to England in 1819. Lambert, who maintained a large botanical cabinet, had previously received botanical specimens Cf; Sts Vincent from Alexander Anderson (1) and undoubtedly encouraged Guilding to send more. He probably offered to buy Guilding's collection (see letter to Lambert of June 10, 1819). Hooker was already established as a botanical traveler, collector, author, editor, and artist. By 1817 he had published four books and additional papers. He, too, was interested in additions to his private herbarium as well as plants and specimens’ to be illustrated in his various periodical publications. In 1820 Hooker took the post of Regius Professor of Botany at the University of Glasgow, where a magnificent botanical garden and ranks
of greenhouses’ existed. In view of the ages and positions of these older, established scientists, Guilding's letters to them are astonishing. He is
revealed as an arrogant, demanding, ambitious, and often conceited individual, all too ready to ask for unusual favors.
When Guilding returned from Oxford to St. Vincent in 1817 the director of the botanic garden was the inept and controversial George Caley, who resigned in 1822. Caley complained that Anderson had left no records of the identification or sources of the plants in the garden and that Anderson's books and manuscripts were not available to him. Upon Caley's departure, many of the plants in the garden were dug and shipped to the newly formed botanic garden in Trinidad, and a colonial super- intendent was appointed to keep the St. Vincent garden clean and to harvest the sizable crops of nutmegs, cloves, and other products. Guilding, by contrast, had access to the Anderson records, for he quoted from
108 Piet Th Ge ii kh Vol. 58, No. 2
letters to Anderson and sent information from Anderson's notes to Hooker, along with specimens. These were later the basis of comments published by Hooker. Guilding's manuscript on the St. Vincent Botanic Garden was com- pleted in December of 1824, sent to Hooker, and published, probably in June, 1825. It was during this same period that Henry Nelson Coleridge, in his "Six Months in the West Indies in 1825," described the garden as
"much fallen off from the state in which it once was but there are still some very fine specimens of the valuable exotics of the East.... It is a great pity that any establishment of this sort should be allowed to decay; for trees and fruits and flowers are humanizing things, soothing the passions, calling forth only the peaceful energies of the intellect, and attaching mankind to the soil on which they have both grown together: a virtue much wanted in the colonies of America."
Guilding traveled throughout St. Vincent, collecting plants and animals. His first zoological paper was read at the Linnean Society in 1822 and _ published the same year. He climbed to the crater of the Soufriére, first described in 1784 by Alexander Anderson, and indicated to Hooker and to Swainson his plan to describe the crater and to publish on the geology of the volcano and of the island. He wrote to Swainson September 27, 1824 (Linn. Soc., Swainson Corr. vol. 2), "I have formed a fine collection of landscapes to illustrate the geology of these islands. How can I best publish them?" Little did he realize that the manuscript of Anderson's "Geography and History of St. Vincent" had already been sent to London. What a splendid publication the combination would have made!
Guilding was a capable artist of plants and animals who prided himself on the accuracy of his work and his use of color. When his work was’ redrawn he criticized both the artist and the engraver, and he often objected to the reduction of his’ works. His own drawings were colored, and he offered to color black and white plates for Hooker. Guilding prepared a "Table of Colours arranged for Naturalists" and submitted it to the Wernerian Natural History Society, where it was presented by the president, Professor Robert Jameson (21) (Mem. Wern. Soc. 5: 577. 1825). This may have been one of the first biological color charts. Regrettably, this material has not been located. The scenes of the garden
1985 Howard & Howard, Lansdown Guilding 109
published in Guilding's "Account of the Botanic Garden" were severely criticized by J. C. Loudon, who reviewed the work in 1826. Although they are credited to "Rev'd. L. Guilding 1824," one plate at least corresponds in all details to a description given by Anderson (mss. Linn. Soc.) of a drawing done for him by his artist, John Tyley, years’ before. Neither Tyley's drawing nor Guilding's scenes can be _ located. Apparently some of Guilding's drawings of the Soufriére and of animals are in the private collection of Sir Colin Tennant, as two of the crater were reproduced with credit by H. Sigurdsson in Natural History magazine (91 (3): 62. 1982).
Acknowledgments
The Guilding letters to Lambert and Hooker which follow are in the archives of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and are reproduced with the permission of the Director. Some capital letters and punctuation have been supplied and abbreviations completed. Where we have had to supply a word or interpret faulty copy, it appears in brackets. Some information has_ been derived from the Swainson correspondence at the Linnean Society. We are grateful for the courtesies extended by the librarians of both institutions on several visits. Mr. N. H. Robinson, librarian at The Royal Society, and Mr. P. J. R. Warren, deputy keeper of scientific books at the Radcliffe Library, Oxford, also kindly supplied additional information. Mrs. Mary Barnard and Mr. Earle Kirby have contributed information from St. Vincent. A grant from the Stanley Smith Horticultural Trust has supported our work on Alexander Anderson, from which this”~ study developed. We are most grateful.
110 PW YuT O.4,0,,6.1 A Vol. 58, No. 2 The Letters of Lansdown Guilding
On June 10, 1819, Guilding wrote to Aylmer Bourke Lambert (Kew, Lambert letters 45):
Dear Sir:
On my arrival here I found to my great annoyance the whole of my collection in the state in which I left them and regret to tell you that, after additional disappoint- ments, I now see no possibility of being able to convey them to Europe this year. My brother found it impossible to prevail on any of the masters of ships bound for England to give up ae sufficient place for _ such bulky cases in a dry and proper place and therefore very wisely suffered them to remain here. The only place ina merchantman in which such perishable things should be deposited is the after cabin, and this the captains will not give up unless they have no passengers’ and even then not without receiving a most exorbitant recompense. You are aware that if placed in the hold of the vessel they would ina day or two be swimming in the molasses which drains from the sugar hogsheads. My only plan with’ them is to divide the collection and _ send it in different ships or wait till my trip to England next year and then contract with the master for a part of the after cabin. I would now without delay have separated the collection had I not feared that the difficulty and trouble in getting them from the customs house would be much greater to you. Write me without delay your advice and I will take advantage of the few vessels that remain on the receipt of your letter. Should you advise my _ keeping them till my return to Europe I will forward the part of my herbarium destined for you and our brother naturalists and two large cases for Leach (25). Tho' I suffered little injury from insects. from the caution I used, I begin heartily to wish everything I possess in’ England. I labour as much in preserving them from ruin as I did in collecting my specimens.
In everything here I have perfectly succeeded. I expect daily my appointment as a Garrison Chaplain also. I hope long before this that you have succeeded in getting me elected to the Royal Society and_ the Geological [Society]. I have a large packet, chiefly on some new discoveries in entomology, nearly ready for the Linnean. Let me intreat you to exert yourself for me. A friend of mine in London has ae_= sum of my money in his hands and not a week I hope will be lost in discharging the fees. Those for the Geological amount to no more
1985 Howard & Howard, Lansdown Guilding 11
than 63 shiltings’” 1£ °S - forget: "nots Can -T=pay a composition for my annual fees at the R. Society? I should wish to do so.
Will you remember me most kindly to Mrs. Lambert and Mrs. Locker and
Believe me with much sincerity and respect, Your very faithful friend, Lansdown Guilding
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The next letter was written three years later, on July 29, 1822 (Kew, Lambert letters 46):
Dear Sir:
By the Brig Mirables, Captain Rutherford, I sent you a box of five dried plants. The vessel sailed yesterday and I now send his receipt that you may be sure to obtain it. The specimens are duplicates of such genera as I have had time to sort - you shall share as I go. I must ask again whether the seeds are to be sent to you or the Horticultural Society?
Have you got me admitted into the Royal and Geological Societies as a member? If you succeed let me know the fees and composition money. [He was elected to the Geological Society on December 6, 1822, but not to the Royal Society.] I should, as I mentioned before, be glad to be admitted as a correspondent to the Horticultural Soc. if you will take the trouble to manage the business.
I have sent seven papers to the Linnean and have not heard of the fate of one. Surely the secretary is bound to acknowledge them. I wish you would say to McLeay (29) that I do not mind the postage. I shall be pleased to hear of the safe arrival of any thing I may send to Soho Square.
If D. Leach (25) enquire after me say that I have him always in mind. The longer he waits for my duplicates the better collection will he receive. I have lately purchased a noble collection of organic reliquia, principally corallini and vegetable bodies, as well as an extensive cabinet of insects from the Brazils.
112 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 58, No. 2
Let me hear very soon from you, and with comp'ts to Mrs. Lambert,
Believe me, in haste, yours very faithfully, L. Guilding
The receipt enclosed was "Rec'd from Rev. Mr. Guilding 1 decl. case directed to Aylmer Bourke Lambert, Esq., vice president of ye Linnean Society of London. Contents unknown. /s/ M. Rutherford, Brig Mirables."
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There is another gap of nearly two years’ in the available correspondence. On June 29, 1824, Guilding wrote to Lambert (Kew, Lambert letters 47):
My dear Sir:
By the ship Mary, Capt. Hranach, I have sent you a box of dried plants. L[ord] Mount Norris (31) by the Same vessel will get a fine case of seeds which I have begged he will share with you. Apply at the custom house as soon as you get this. I was much annoyed that you got nothing from Sabine (36). I know not how I could omit to express my wishes to him. The box contained very much more than could be wanted for our garden.
How is it, my dear Sir, that you have not yet procured my admission into the Royal Society? Pray oblige me by signing the certificate and presenting it - I sent to Sir E. Home (19) the short paper by way of introduction.
I am far advanced with large drawings for a Pomona Occidentalis of which Prof. Hooker is to take the direction. My Fauna goes on well and the account of the volcanoes and geology of these islands. My ambition is, when I have brought them to maturity, to return to England, publish everything and present my collection to the London societies.
I wish you were Ld. Chancellor or some powerful patron. By presenting me with a living in your native country you might recall me from an exile which will be painful to me when the stories of nature have been well examined.
1985 Howard & Howard, Lansdown Guilding 113
Pray have me remembered by my kind friend Mrs. Lambert, and believe me to be,
Yours very faithfully, L. Guilding
P.S. I wish I was near enough to borrow your Cramer's (9) butterflies. I experience sad inconvenience from being cut off from libraries.
ee es
Guilding is recorded as a new member of the Wernerian Natural History Society of Edinburgh on November 30, 1822. His first contribution to the meetings is indicated in the minutes of May 1, 1824, when the secretary read a communication sent to the Society on "The Nature of a Substitute for Cork, in Tropical Climates, being the central part of the scape of Agave vivipara; by the Reverend Lansdown Guilding of St. Vincent's; with specimens of the Prepared Agave-cork"™ (Mem. Wern. Soc. 5: 570. 1825). Apparently Guilding sent a similar paper and specimens to the Society of Arts in London, as indicated in the last letter to Lambert which is available to us, June 30, 1824 (Kew, Lambert letters 48):
Dear Sir:
The ship Mary, Capt. Hranach, by which you will get this, brings you a fine large case of plants. Ld. Mountnorris (31) gets a case of seeds which he is to share with you. In the box is a small packet with a paper for the Society of Arts on the pith of Agave vivipara and the uses to which it can be applied. I forgot to mention that the most excellent razor strops I ever saw can be made of it. I send one which I will thank you to give to the Secretary and mention the circumstance. I do not know when I shall see you. I do not save anything yet from my income and when I have done all the nat. history I shall grow miserably weary of my exile.
Pray in friendship look out for me in England.
Yours very faithfully, L. Guilding
114 PP ohh eT Oe Ov Gy Toft Vol. 58, No. 2
& & & &
We cannot date the beginning of the correspondence between Hooker and Guilding, for the earliest available, dated July 17, 1823, is clearly not the first. Hooker had written to Swainson (November 2, 1821) that he had to abandon Exotic Botany for want of artists. He probably welcomed the contact with Guilding, who could supply good drawings and supporting plant materials, preserved as well as dried. It seems from the following letter that a Pomona Occidentalis was Guilding's idea, and Hooker felt that some drawings would fit into his flora. To Swainson Guilding wrote (September 27, 1824), “I am _ preparing drawings for a Pomona Occidentalis which Hooker and I hope to publish." The work as outlined in the following letters would have been a remarkable publication. Nothing truly comparable to the proposed work has ever been published for the New World.
Guilding to W. J. Hooker, July 17, 1823 (Kew, Misc. For. Letters 1822-29, 46: 6):
Your letter of May 31 has just reached me and I am truly happy you were pleased with the plants and that
they reached you safely. You would not do well on receiving a tolerable specimen of a new or rare plant to wait very long for a better, tho' I am sorry the Trichomanes figured was not a_ good one [possibly Trichomanes elegans in Hooker, Exotic Flora l: pl. 52. 1823]. You have fixed upon 3 or 4 more for no. 6. When
shall I expect to have the pleasure of seeing them? The faster they make their appearance, the more shall I exert myself for you; be assured of this. I could not send you any thing by the John Campbell - I was with my wife and children in the country for a change of air - but by the Brig Providence, Cap'n Hardie, by which you will get this, I send you a noble box with the 3 drawings of Lecythis in a parcel separate. These last are only lent. When you next send let me have a full list of every thing with the natural orders, distinguishing the few English mosses from the collection of tropical plants. You would much annoy me if you ever neglected this.
I look forward with more pleasure than you can imagine for your first parts of the beautiful Flora, for which accept my hearty thanks. As to Fungi, my good fellow, few will keep and I am _ obliged to draw them carefully, and if I take such pains’ I may as well’ send them with my own descriptions to the Wern. Soc. Every
1985 Howard & Howard, Lansdown Guilding 115
thing else you shall have; you would hardly put them into
either of your present works. With the Palms I have begun - of orchideae expect few - I can tell you you will repent not sending bottles. The rarest plants we have
are perishable and they, from the great difficulty of preserving them, are not likely to have been sent home by the Botanists that have visited these islands. Indeed it is necessary to carry the bottle into the woods and put them up at once - beautiful and frail, they could not even be carried home. Many drop before night and thousands that may be dried would be ruined by the process, and not all the hot water in Glasgow will relax them properly. You might send some bottles with cork carefully cut with wide mouths which would be cheap. We have plenty of spirit here but no bottles can be purchased or I should not have sent to you. Many of the very minute flowers too can only thus be sent, for when dry one can hardly see what they are with all the stewing you can give them.
Your Jungermannia Brit. (20) I have seen but not yet got which I intend to procure bye & bye. You hold out a poor prospect for my Fauna - if I was resident in England I would lithograve them myself.
I wish I could exchange my housing (etc.) which are worth 12006 a year English money for one of [same] in Britain; it should suit a man with a large family to educate. Do you know of anyone that would change rectories?
I will trouble you to procure’ for me the whole of Swainson's (38) book and to have the two complete volumes bound without ornaments on the back and to send the late parts in sheets. When I know the amount of it I will forward you the money, or on Hardie's return. Did the man pay you the 2 pounds I sent? if not, make him. You say the subjects I intended for a Pomona would suit your flora. I will send a bit and point out what you are certain you will engrave. You Say any memoir without plates for the Hort. Soc. (20). I would not give them a five for it without coloured plates. The Pomona occid. would make a splendid work. One might put in all the Otaheite and other fruits introduced and now flourishing here. I send Lecythis bracteata which I expect to see engraved later. The flower and fruit you can never have - they will not keep even in spirits but drop to pieces - however the drawing is as perfect as you can wish - take care the engraver does not spoil them with his dirty paws. Epidendrum in which we are rich I must draw if you
116 Pry Telos RA Vol.
will send us. bottles. geological paper to _ the engrave above a_ small interesting. than any in the world.
I wish to know from the Wern[ian Natural Historical 1. amount of composition money; tribution; 3. admission fee,
Society]:
Soc. but °F landscapes should accompany it and I fear they would number, tho' they are all highly Our volcano is larger (I mean the
must send
wish
believe I
etc. We have
tree ferns and you shall have the outlines.
You don't understand me as to Lambert; you know very is dead to natural history. his collection wants when you wish, for I send him something to put him in mind I I could envy you the month you passed
well he
not forgotten him.
I don't care
in town, and you may pity me in exile.
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Now for the list of some of the principal promise to engrave any with
for a Pomona. particular
If you
give one, ri writ
your
send the drawings,
dissections of flowers, fruit, etc.
Cinnamon (Laurus) Nutmeg (Myristica) Clove (Caryophyllus) Black Pepper (Piper) Curato (Bromelia) Soapberry (Sapindus) Manchineel (Hippomane)
Indigo (Indigofera)
Logwood (Haematoxylon) Castor oil nut (Ricinus) Tobacco (Nicotiana)
Silk cotton (Bombax) Mountain cabbage (Areca) Physic nut (Jatropha) Calabash tree (Crescentia) Forbidden fruit (Citrus) Shaddock (Citrus)
Lime (Citrus)
Grandilla (Passiflora) Bell apple (Passiflora) Seaside grape (Coccoloba) Mamme apple (Mammea) Pomegranate (Punica) Hogplum (Spondias)
Cotton plant (Gossypium)
Breadnut (Brosimum) Breadfruit. 6 vars.
(Artocarpus) Calalu (Arum)
Capada (Jatropha)
Yam (Dioscorea)
Sweet potato (Convolvulus) Tomato (Solanum) Ochro (Hibiscus) Choco (Sicyos edulis) Plantain (Musa) Banana (MuSa)
Maize (Zea)
Guinea corn (Holcus) Pigeon pea (Cytisus) Eddo (Arum)
Arrowroot (Maranta) Avocado pear (Laurus Barbados cherry (Malpighia) Chenera (Malpighia) Citron (Citrus) Cashew (Anacardium) Cocoanut (Cocos)
58, No. 2 that many not
crater)
2. yearly con- only three
what have taken every thing you have
subjects
ersea)
1985 Howard & Howard, Lansdown Guilding 117
Golden apple (Myroxylon Areca (Palm) elegans) Custard apple (Annona) Prickly pear (Cactus) Fat pork - Pine (Pinus) Mango (Mangifera) Rove apple (Eugenia) Malacca apple (Eugenia) Sapodilla (Chrysophyllum Almond tree (Terminalia) or Sloanea) Aloe - Soursop (Annona) Cane (Arundo) Sorrel (Hibiscus) Arnotto - Ground nut (Arachis) Bitter ash - Ginger (Amomum) Candlewood - Orange (Citrus) Coffee - Guava with var. (Psidium) Mahogany tree (Swietenia) Tamarind (Tamarindus) Teak (Tectona) Peppers (Capsicum) Jalap vine - Pimento (Myrtus) Convolvulus incisar - Aveorhoa (Bilimbi) Prunus (Noyeau)
Papaw (Carica)
[In most cases the common name is in Guilding's hand and the Latin name has been added in a different script.]
L. Guilding
P.S. Look into Brown's Jamaica [see Browne, 6] & you may make out this list of plants.
& £2) k..&.&
A letter addressed to W. J. Hooker in Glasgow may be dated September 29, 1824 (Kew, Misc. For. Letters 1822-29. 43: 939):
Dear Hooker:
I have just received your letter with the dreadful tidings of our failure. It can't be helped but it is a bad encouragement to work. I wish I had a hand in fate - you must now reduce them for your Flora Exotica giving double 4to plates as often as possible. I shall then get back my drawings clean. I had set my heart much upon it and had got 50 or 60 done which you shall have by Hardy (18). Go on and engrave: 1. Lecythis. 2. Cactus cocci- nellifera. 3. Breadnut - true plant; the breadfruit is the monster or var. and most valuable, as the whole mass is eatable; however, the seeds of the true plant only are used. I have figured all the varieties of breadfruit. 4. Black pepper. 5. Malpighia glabra. 6. Cucumis anguria. 7. Cactus triangularis. 8. Nutmeg, but not the jack fruit, as I have another drawing to add to it.
118 Poi Fa TOs ky O»,6. Joh Vol. 58, No. 2
I have just had a letter from Swainson (38) commencing a correspondence. Don't forget his conchology and introd. to do. You will get abundant specimens in
spirit etc. to illustrate the drawings of which you must take the greatest care if you wish me to draw. When done they must be carefully packed and sent out. Many thanks for applying to Jameson (21). You say not a word about Caryocar nuciferum with its 5800 stamina. It will be a fine subject but how you will get my things into such small plates I don't know. Flowers and insects should if possible never be reduced.
I have just returned from the Soufriére where I went to complete my drawings of the geology of the volcano. My companion fell head foremost down a ravine and nearly broke his neck. It is dreadful work, sleeping in a cold hole in the volcanic gravel with water dripping from the roof. The dense dark clouds drove us down. Several new plants I got and a few insects which only inhabit those desolate and barren mountains.
Pray let me hear oftener from you tho' it be in twenty lines.
Parker (35) has left us. He traveled in such haste that I fear he had not time to dry anything well. He has great zeal and when he returns will cultivate natural history to much account. [Parker commented on his visit to St. Vincent and referred to Guilding's herbarium ina letter to Hooker from Barbados, August 18, 1824 (Kew, Misc. For. Letters 43: 33)].
I look forward to Hardy's (18) arrival in December with great anxietys. You must now let me know what you will positively put into the Flora Exotica that I may go on with these subjects, leaving the others to happier days when we can get them also made public. When we have got over the fruits I shall draw all our’ splendid fish
which Swainson perhaps will lithograve. My Fauna will take much labour and time to render it perfect if such a bird can ever... that mame ... who is’ the best
lithograver of landscapes in England, and I will offer him my little geological production. Go on zealously and believe me,
Yours very faithfully, L. Guilding
1985 Howard & Howard, Lansdown Guilding 119
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Guilding to Hooker in Glasgow (Kew, Misc. For. Letters 1822-9. 43: ), December 2, 1824:
Dear Hooker:
Hardy has-~ arrived and brought your beautiful continuation of the Flora. I think you improve. What a lovely invaluable work it will be if you live to publish 40 or 50 vols. I am sorry to say No. 10 is not with them. I hope and trust it is not mislaid or lost. Pray continue to send one. Harding's (17) letter completes the disappointment. The man's a fool. How could the wax works and trash brought by Bullock (7) improve a_ work with dussecttons. Tf i222... when you get the ext box, think you will be so much pleased as to publish it yourself. Now, my good fellow, if you only produced one small part in a whole year you would not feel the expense and you could go on slowly till you found whether it would answer. Give me one copy and if you are a loser I will share the loss with you and it can be stopped at any time, but if you are obstinate put in the Flora (20) everything as fast as you can. I tell you I have seen Atlas plates in octavo neatly folded. Look here. [Diagram for how this can be folded.] This will be required for very few. Most can be put in 4to without any great disadvantage, especially as you are so clever in folding and creasing the leaves.
Send Swainson's book bound and an account of all expenses. The Introduction to Conchology I have seen advertised. Many thanks about Jameson's offer. I look forward with great pleasure for the continuation of Musci Exotica. Who in the name of fortune told you to write to Sir R. Woodford (50)? I never saw the man in my life. I said, as I do now, write a letter to our Governor Sir C. Brisbane (4), explain your pursuits and _ request the papers to be given or sent to you and send the letter to me, that I may try to prevail on him. The papers are all loose, dirty and going to ruin. As for publishing them he could give you sixpence for your Systema Plantarum. [This sentence is not understood. There is no evidence that Hooker waS preparing a publication to be called Systema Plantarum.] The papers will only be useful to one like you and I hope you will get them.
120 PHY POone.6 Ps Vol. 58, No. 2
I may as well have the credit of making a_ finished drawing of Vohiria for your Flora. Expect it as soon as I get fresh plants. The three views of our garden shall be sent. You wish a history of it? If you fail totally in publishing your Pomona, get Harding to print it in a little 4to pamphlet, or it must go to the Horticultural Society on condition of their engraving the views, which are truly curious.
The bungs are arrived and are tolerably good, but they won't make the mouths of the bottles wider. Had I written sooner, I should have reported the death of Parker [see Parker's letters 35] but we have since heard that in a gale he went ashore at Martinique and is safe. The vessel is supposed to be lost and all your traps aboard. He is a fine, active, promising young naturalist. Poor ..... has departed this life. How could you dream of getting a degree for such an oddity? Do you suppose we are such fools here as to allow him to have poisoned us under the authority of MD? He leaves two dogs a legacy to the Governor. I hear fine dogs.
You will get great things by Hardy (18), I hope: 1. living plants; 2. cases of dried; 3. cases of spirit specimens; one of many drawings, more or less.
Pray write soon and oftener than you are accustomed to do and I promise that I will not pester you in return with my scrawls.
Your very faithful friend, L. Guilding
& ok. & »ki be
St. Vincent, Feb. 5, 1825 (Kew, Misc. For. Letters, 1822- Bos TEST SL}:
Dear Hooker:
I shall send by Hardie next month 50 drawings; 3 or 4 cases of dried plants; several cases of living plants; 1 of seeds; 1 chest of specimens in- spirit; 1 case of specimens to be sent to Jameson, carefully. Pray have someone on the look out.
You will find a specimen of every fern possible. You must carefully send the name tied up in a_ separate parcel with string - don't neglect this, I pray. I won't
1985 Howard & Howard, Lansdown Guilding 121
trouble you about the phanogamous species at present except you [will] find a label registering the name. In 3 little books you will find mosses and lichens. These you are not to touch; write a name neatly under every one and send them back with care, marking such as you wish to have specimens of, and I will attend to it and get one of my boxes cut for the purpose. You may keep the ferns and get more of any species you point out. The numbers of the tables on the drawings will show you how they stand. It would be a sad business to represent a fruit growing upwards which did not so. There are sketches on the backs of all except the creeping plants. Pray put in those reduced; a figure one inch long in the corner would do as well as a foot, if neatly engraved. : You see the drawings are numerous; if you finish them quickly, you will get more without delay, but you must be well aware that [it] will be useless for me to work faster than you can publish - everything depends on you. I have not been tedious in the descriptions or collected synonyms because you must look over your books to _ satisfy yourself and then no trouble would be saved.
Look at Anderson's (1) list and say what I should go on with as most desirable - but mind you can expect no more when a fair portion of these are done! You never sent me No. 10 of Exotic Flora. Don't neglect this. You had better break the jars or bottles of spirit into a large basin, having by you fresh spirit, or the specimens will be torn and injured if you do not. Let me hear if you get the things without the seals being broken. Where the language of Swartz (40) or Willdenow (46) suited I have followed it but do not say anything not proved by the drawings and specimens as they both have told many lies. Even Swartz seems to have sometimes described from dried plants. I got on well with the Pomona but my absence from libraries of great extent will prevent me from collecting synonyms. I fear I cannot for _ several years sail for England unless I could exchange my cure.
Old Lambert has Cramer (9) and several zoological works which one never opened, but I cannot get the old lad to lend them even for a few months. I am sadly off for generic types.
Do you know the Rev'd Mr. Taylor of Liverpool (41)? He wrote to beg me for a certain plant, but not meeting with it I sent all the species of the genus I could give - he never answered my epistle. If he is not dead and you know him, say I shall willingly send him anything he wants.
122 Pe Tek OaG al tA Vol. 58, No. 2
I send you two drawings of the garden and a diagram with a history of the establishment. You will oblige me by getting some bookseller to accept it, giving me a few copies, on the condition that the drawings are done at least of a quarto size, either by lLizars (27) in his engraving or _ coloured. Negotiation to which perhaps would be better but I leave it to you. Brush up the history a little and be sure the drawings are to be returned. [The manuscript is dated St. Vincent's, December 14th, 1824. The engravings were done by J. Watson, Glasgow, and it was printed by Andrew and John M. Duncan for Richard Griffin & Company.]
When is the lovely Musci Exotica to go on? How I long for the Syst. Plant. Swainson (38) and I shall be great friends, I doubt not, and hope we shall _ publish soon a joint work on the Testaceous Mollusca of the Caribbean seas. Almost all the animals are unknown. Vohiria I have not yet done for you but the plants are not to be found at all times. As I said before, send me a petition directed to Sir C. Brisbane (4), the governor, open, and I have no doubt I can get Anderson's (1) manuscripts lent to you. At least the descriptions are all done from living subjects and therefore valuable. What the deuce do you want with Anderson's’ specimens? There are none in existence but what Lambert has_ got. {[Guilding apparently was unaware of the specimens Anderson had _ sent to Banks, and the even larger number sent to Forsyth.] You will get in time every plant from me.
Pray let me hear oftener from you. I can _ never screw out a letter from you but when you get a box of weeds.
Don't you think it would be advisable, as the Pomona in any shape cannot come out in haste, to get up jointly a kind of Prodromus for the Horticultural Society with short descriptions anda few references? If you think well of it, give me direction about the matter. If you cannot get the account of the garden published, perhaps you had better let it be read at the Hort. Soc'ty and then, with the paper book, returned to me as I have no
copy.
Your “letter ‘of ' Nov. 24th” is'* just “arrived. A thousand thanks for the 3 numbers. Now for the numbers which I shall speak of freely. Tho' upon the whole when it is coloured I am quite sure it will delight me, I must
1985 Howard & Howard, Lansdown Guilding 123
wish Swan (39) had put on his cap and gone to bed, as I think it very coarsely done for that fine artist. [The following comments apply to the illustrations of "Myristica officinalis" (= M. fragrans) Exotica Flora 2: fe 155, 150. LB2oe1
1. tree very coarse - was it copy'd from mine?
2. very good but the peduncle of ye fem. fl. don't seem correct at all. Look at mine; is there not a genicula and small lateral scale on the female peduncle? You have made the fem. fl. f£. 6 too erect perhaps?
3, 4, 5 excellent. 7. good, but the stigma I don't think is like mine - examine carefully.
8. good, but as in the ripe fruit the brown spot proceeding the old stigma is not put in.
Fruit f. 1 good, but there seems an unnatural angle above the nut in situ, and the two spinose points’ from the old stigma are not seen tho' very visible in my drawing. 2. excellent. 3. very bad, the elevated parts caused by the binding of the mace are not shown at all. Pray look at mine. f. 4. The pale circle below should have been done softly, and he has dug in the engraver with all his might. 5. good and 6, 7 & 8 are apparently from Gotner [Gaertner (13)] - I will prove them some time and get specimens for your herb. as you desire.
You see I have made free but you will like it, I am sure, to obtain accuracy, and I will always do it if you approve of it and give occasionally the engraver a sight of my figures when there is doubt. I would not have you altogether depend on spec[{imens] in spirit to correct me by. I have been labouriously particular and spec[imens] alter in spirit and are sometimes not put in till withered.
I will thank you to purchase for me 2 good coloured copies of every plate engraved from my figures, with the letter pack belonging to them that I may keep them together, and let me know what is likely to be the average cost. I feel abundantly indebted to your liberality and zeal for undertaking at your cost what perhaps I never could have executed myself.
(no signature)
124 Pray PeOr kn GsG, Hh Vol. 58, No. 2
e- 2; Hoe
St. Vincent, July 27, 1825 (Kew, Misc. For. Letters, 1822-29, 43: 70):
Dear Hooker:
I was sadly disappointed at not hearing from you by the last ship, but console myself that you have been doing what people of all nations have been at, in England to our disgrace, culling from other cabinets. Pray write me word by packet how my last things got to you.
You will receive now: 1 packet of drawings; 1 case of dry plants; 1 of living; 1 of jars and spirit (3 jars) - look well among straw for fungi and seeds.
Pray attend to my last letters - I am often vexed you don't keep my scrawl before you and answer all the little questions that are of so much importance to me in my banishment, where I can communicate with no one.
The Rhipsalis-like plant of which I sent a sketch I now send ripe. The seed does not alter in spirit so finish it yourself. You had better look sharp after the list of useful plants not well known to me. It is for your own advantage. I have enough to do to make out zool. species. I send specimens of the Tanier with one small leaf - an Arum? Make out the species; it is most useful and a princely plant - each leaf is a _ perfect umbrella.
I send a table of colfour]s for Werner Society [described in the minutes of the meeting of November 19, 1825, as a "Table of Colours, arranged for Naturalists" (Mem. Wern. Soc. 5: 577. 1825)]. Enquire if Jameson has described the few little specimens I sent.
I send an account of the Swainson nut [Caryocar] for Hortic. Soc. of London. I expect soon to finish the flower and you shall figure it. The details are most Satisfactory. The young nut floats ina fluid but does not contain it as in Cocos nuciffera].
If the Ptini[dae]) have hurt the plants, always let me know and send lumps of camphor. Nothing here can be preserved without it.
1985 Howard & Howard, Lansdown Guilding 125
I would advise you to always look over the specimens in spirit - put the plants illustrating drawings in one jar that you can always get at. In other jars arrange them according to nat. orders that you may finally describe and select them as you go on with your great work.
Apply for the drawing of Lophia Histrio which I lent to the Wern. Soc'ty, and when you have a good opportunity send it to Mr. Donovan (11) (who will engrave it in his Naturalists' Repository) "to the care of Messrs. W. Simpkin and R. Marshall, Stationers, Hall Court, Ludgate Street, London."
When ever you figure a plant from spec[imen] in spirit, don't be foolish enough to colour it but send it to me to do and I shall at the same time perhaps be able to add more details.
If Brewster (3) will not consent to engrave the animal I sent him, forward it to the Linnean Soc'ty. If he does, when it is finished send it out to me.
Yours ever, L. Guilding
zx kekkrk
St. oiVi neent;,) Ockr..° *4,.,, 1825 “hen, “Mise? «For. Corr., 1822-—29;,.. 432-23)
My dear Friend:
I was much pleased to get a letter from you dated in
June after your very long silence. I trust you had a good harvest abroad and collected abundant materials for your great work. I hope Sabine (36) will give you
encouragement to proceed on a splendid scale with the Pomona. If it cannot be done, you will, I have no doubt, make as much of it as you can in Exot. Flora, and give abundant plates. I hope shortly to see the little matter on the Bot. Garden. I have not seen it advertised. The lithographic plate is very good, and if coloured, would please me I am sure to the utmost. We must get someone to undertake my acct. of the geology etc. of this place. The plates will be upwards of 50 and the tables [? ] would fill one fair sized 8vo vol. I rejoice to hear of the folio work on ferns. When I can find time to visit other colonies, especially the Main, I shall be able to
126 PIN e¥ (FeOokcOuG, BuA Vol. 58, No. 2
do wonders for it. The little Ophioglossum I have never found with fruit, but have built alone and established a nursery so that you may expect it to figure soon. You say collect more - be assured as long as I live I shall do all I can for you. fTho' I had no friendship or regard for you I should consider myself bound as a naturalist to put specimens of all of our vegetable production into the hands of one so far better able than most other men to make them valuable to the scientific world. Don't say send more, but if you are not too indolent, call my attention to the most desirable things, make out lists, etc.
Pl[{ease] name the ferns I put together and return the mosses in the books as soon as possible.
Pray pay attention to such plants as I mark and send the names, which you have to your own loss abominably neglected. Don't forget to enquire the cost of a_ bound copy of Willdenow (46). Has Jameson described the few small specimens I sent to him?
I hope at Christmas to receive neatly written out the generic characters of the birds of your noble copy of Vieillot (44). They will be of much use in the ornitho- logical part of my Fauna. I shamefully neglected to do this from the copy in our Radcliffe library in Oxon. where William (47) had placed it. I hope you will not omit one day or other to look over some of the scarcer works of that rising library. The most costly works are principally sought after.
There are a great many palms here - many in woodland. You had better get a [deep] cabinet of large size made and I will then see if I can't dry them out for you. The nutmeg specimens expect soon. I have many jars and fine things put up since last cargo - I don't know when I can come home. I spend all my income in one plaything or other. I long to see your face. I will not trouble you to give me names of all the plants I send you now. As soon aS I can get to England I will march to Glasgow and we can slowly look over such things as- you have rec'd from me and we can draw up notes etc. on the habit, growth and other matters for future editions of your great work. Maybe you will make me a doctor or something of the kind. Is your senate very liberal in that way?
1985 Howard & Howard, Lansdown Guilding 127
I hope the orchidaceous plants will all grow. If they do not, I must send rough tinted sketches - a plan I do not approve of if the complete drawings can be made from fresh flowers. I sent one of Vohria aphylla.
Believe me ever, Your very affectionate friend, L. Guilding
POS. How is friend Parker? Ask him if Mr. Trail (42) would like to correspond and exchange with me.
xk«eekeekrk
At the top of the following letter "Guildingia" was written and underlined three times.
St. Vincent, Septr. 13, 1826 (Kew, Misc. For. Corr. 1822-29, 43: 123):
My dear Hooker:
At last your letter of July 19 is arrived. I thought you had been dead long ago, and wrote only a few lines the other day by a private hand, thinking you were not alive to read them. You should always write if it be but a line to acknowledge the receipt of my things. Many a one has been procured on mountains’ and precipices at the risk of my life and I naturally feel a_ father's anxiety to hear of their fate. Again I have to complain that you will not tell me what you have done with the drawing of Heopa limacine - an animal like the figure [sketch of a leaf] I sent among the Botanical drawings - if it be not sent for publication yet, let it be returned to me immediately as I am now able to add something to the paper of this. Do you count sections of woods? How do you mean to arrange your own copy of Exotic Flora, as it was published or after the natural orders? Mercy on me, we shall have you coming to the West Indies in a steamboat excursion. I can only say that I shall be happy to see your profile and their General. What pranks we would have upon our Mountains, how I long to have been with you - 800 miles!! I am not a little pleased at the pains taken in the last parcel to make out the few plants I marked - let me always find you as ready. Andropogon schaenan [= A. schoenanthus = Cymbopogon citratus, the lemon grass]. This I do not believe to be native; it is planted near all the negro hospitals for “make people sweat," as we Say here. An admirable sudorific.
128 Poy et OR Vol. 58, No. 2
Sterculia acuminata I think must _ be separated from that given. The seeds are enveloped in a white kernel-like covering, very thick and eatable. Is the figure of Beauvois (34) sufficiently good or will you positively promise to engrave it immediately? What a horrible rage I shall be in if you do not instantly engrave the four plates of the Sawarrow and the Blakea? cauliflora. What you have called Bombax pentandra I think must be Ochroma
lagopus Sw. Many thanks for your civility to my Brother.
Brewster (3) is a great scoundrel for treating you BO. 340. His journal will soon not be worth a_ rotten potatoe if he goes on so.
How I long for the folio ferns.
You say Cactus cochenillifer is correct? I suspect neither you or anyone else 1s more correct in natural history drawings and their minute details. I shall not bid for the damaged copy of Wilson's ornithology (48). I make it a rule to have none but large paper coloured fine cop. of any work, whatever may be the cost. Milford (30) has very liberally promised me some books. I sent him the other day 6 very large boxes of fruits and fine living plants and many thousand _ seeds. They were a glorious sight. I charge him strictly that a duplicate of every thing is for you. Griffin ..(25) “will getehis money by the first friend going home. I should then advise him to send 25 more of Blakea cauliflora. There are here only 2 trees. I don't know the Martinique name. Convey my hearty congratulations to Parker (35). I hope to see him and Lyell (28) and yourself before I die, but when I know not.
I heard Sir R. Woodford (50) had sent you’ some things. They have promised me a fine collection of ferns, which of course are for you. I despair of finding Parkeria [Parkeria Hook. (= Ceratopteris Brongn.) named for C. S. Parker (35)] here. You will indeed offend me if more is not done for the nutmeg. I must, before’ the publication of your Syst. Plant., send you all our Palms, but how are you to keep them? I have the flower of [....] in the house, 13 feet long!! fMThe fronds 25 ft. long. [I will] cut them and put numbers on them and send you light pen sketches of a whole tree. Pray what is the name of the celebrated Gumuta palm of India which we have here in all its glory?
1985 Howard & Howard, Lansdown Guilding 129
When I go round the diocese with our worthy Bishop I shall get many novelties for you. I should have sent the usual cargo to you by Hardy if you had written in time; now they must of necessity remain here till March - ‘tis your own fault.
I rejoice to hear of Mrs. H's recovery - write when you get this and give me all the news.
Your faithful friend, L. Guilding
P.S. Should you found a nat. order for the Plant we now call Blakea cauliflora, you may call it Guildingia, and I can add I think another genus differing in not having the calyx (undique clausus) but divided and open ab origini. You will get it next time; indeed, I sent it if I mistake
not before.
This is the first indication that one of Guilding's collections must have been determined as a new genus which Hooker proposed to name for him. In fact the specimens had been obtained from the botanical garden collection or its derivatives, for the plant now known as Mouriri rhizophorifolia (DC.) Triana is of South American Origin, one of Alexander Anderson's introductions. Hooker published the genus with plates in Bot. Miscellany 1829. Further mention of the plant does not appear in available letters until that of January 6, 1829.
Ke. KARE KP Ke
There is another gap in the available correspondence.
St. Vineent,’ Wully 27," 1828 (Kew,2) Mises For.) €6Err,. PE22-29, 432. 171):
My dear Hooker:
I have just sent on board the ship Margaret of Glasgow one case of dried plants and one of four large jars of things in spirit - five nutmegs - and many not sent before. Send me the names of the Garden balsam and the fruit, a small Passiflora with round hard fruit (conch fruit of Barbados). I will, next voyage, send some books to be bound, and I owe Carss (8) now 18s.
130 Poh MC TrrOAcOuk doh Vol. 58, No. 2
Pray let me have the 2nd no. of Filices (20). I only got 1 and 3. I trust the bad health of Greville (14) will cause no delay or injury to so noble a work. The Society of Arts have given me their gold medal for an extract from my paper on the beasts that infest the sugar
cane. I wish they had given me books. You did right in not going for the present to London. I fear their University, as_ [ ] Jones came to call it, isa [...] job.
I have just heard famous news from my brother in Australasia. He had been on a voyage of discovery and discovered a fine river anda noble tract of unknown country at which the government there was highly pleased. They have made him a magistrate and given him near 3,000 acres of the finest land. So now I trust he will with God's blessing succeed.
In a small bottle is another spec[imen] of the rare little purpurescent Vohria. I think you said both were engraved. Enquire no more about the drawing of Heopa. I am glad it was lost as I can improve the_ gen[eric] char[acter].
I have many letters to write. I am, in haste,
Your faithful friend, L. Guilding
ki ko ky aD &
St. Vincent, Jan. 6, 1829 (Kew, S. Amer. Letters 1828-31, 66: 50):
My dear Friend:
XXX Note - note - no. 2 of the Filices was never sent. Pray do it - I have no. l, 3, 4, 5.
The duplicate no. 1 coloured I will send back. You sent me one before of the same _ bad _ colouring. You promised when any No. 1 were done better to exchange [them].
Pray let me have all the orchidea you engraved from my plants. Are there any 4to copies published of all the plates of Bot. Mag.
1985 Howard & Howard, Lansdown Guilding 131
The Parkeria is glorious; it is a pattern for Bot. Draw. (20) [Hooker's Botanical illustrations. 18221.. Every thing improves - it is a glorious work and I am monstrously proud of having so many of my things in it. We have certainly no Parkeria and, thank God, no swamp and canals to nourish them. You never sent me the 25 plates of Misc. Bot. (20). But the book itself I shall rejoice to see. I hope the Guildingia is to be coloured. I will send you plenty. You can surely colour some of the plates. The Vohria etc. are beautifully done. I pointed out to you the structure of Guildingia and Petaloma myself. I wonder you did not guess the Gustavia at once - the genus has been long known. You shall have more. There was a flower in spirit. Always mention of what you want more, and if necessary make a sketch or send back a real specimen.
You did right not to go to the London University but if the King's College answers, go by all means; tho' you will miss the Glasgow garden, you will get Kew and others near you. Tie up the engraver Swan (39) as you would a cat in a bag and make him go with you by all means. Master Lindley (26) is like his countrymen. Why have you not found out that the whole scull of a Scotchman is filled with one organ - of caution. We have any [ ] of this gentry here who supplant every one. Our wild camping times are called "Scotchmen hugging the creole," and aptly enough.
Four of my children are [....] to England to school and my boy is with me. I am _ now married again and once more comfortable and happy at home.
St. Lucia ought to be a fertile island, but Gov. Stewart (37) will be too fine a gentleman to run thro' our woods.
I rejoice too ... that the Filicae (20) goes on so well. Try to go beyond 12 nos. I wish you would remember that in Danaea & the more _ succulent ferns the Specimens which dry so black have been the liveliest greens when alive. The blackness proceeds’ from their fleshy nature.
My brother has not written lately in so _ good spirits, but when he is quite settled I will make him collect for you. His grant is in an unexplored situation - a territory he himself discovered.
132 Po Tre e-o-a FA Vol. 58,° Nol 2
You shall have some cases by the first ship, which will please you more than all this scribbling.
Your faithful friend, L. Guilding
zx aekk tk
St. Vincent, August 20, 1829 (Kew, S. Amer. Letters 1628-31; 662°52)
Dear Hooker:
You will be sorely disappointed to find that the Margaret sailed without your boxes, which were all _ but packed when I was seized with illness which has confined me for a month. The things in spirit will not spoil, and by the first ship next crop you shall get them all. A box half full of Greville's [materials for Greville] was sent, and in it no. 1 of the Filices which you sent in mistake. The former copy I sent you long ago in one of your boxes. I have now complete 1-6.
Yours of April 27 I got long ago and the parcel with No. 2 & 6 of the ferns and your copies of the Bread fruit and which pleased me highly, lamentably as_ they are curtailed. I know you have done your utmost, tho' I cannot help wishing fTrentel (43) had undertaken the Pomona which would have been a much more showy work than the Ferns. Send me back all the drawings of the Bread fruit and Jack if you have finished with them, put’ them in a box or canvas. The ferns improve every step. I shall anxiously expect the Bot. Miscell. (20). Pray let me have an uniform set. I am sure Gen'l Stewart (37) to whom I wrote will do nothing for either of us.
It is a confounded hot country and few like the toil and trouble of picking bushes and climbing mountains. He is afraid, poor gentleman, of the serpents. All nature Swarms with animalcula which are soon developed under favorable circumstances, but I don't believe the Molecules, as Mr. Baker (2), who says the motion of the particles is owing to a current not to be _ prevented. Pray shew me theyr legs and tails, and then one might believe - it is offen sire to reason. I wish I could see Brown's (5) paper. I intended sending some books to him bound but even this I was unable to do in time for the ship.
1985 Howard & Howard, Lansdown Guilding 133
My collection increases rapidly but I can't get half my drawings engraved, which vexes me sorely and saps my zeal. If Wilson after engraving any sends them to you, I trust you will take the trouble of sending them out in your parcels.
Like a great fool, I have bought for 625 Descourtilz' Flora Médicale Des Antilles (10) which disappoints me. Let me have your opinion on it. How can I get rid of it? Your Adansonia digitata is faulty - his is in some respects better coloured. The peduncle especially is a foot and more long.
Yours faithfully, L. Guilding
zx «kkk
St. Vincent, March 6, 1830 (Kew, S. Amer. Letters 7920-31 , "S62°S3F:
My dear Hooker:
By your last it appears that you had not rec'd my letter giving an account of my illness which prevented my sending you anything at the usual time. All I could do was to give Greville (14) a box of common things to prevent grumbling. I now send you one box with 4 jars of things in spirit; the dried subjects I can't fill up till next opportunity. I have taken a great liberty with you in sending you a parcel of books to be _ bound. The directions are in box C on _ foolscap paper. Pray look after them for me - at the custom house and the binders. I would do as much for you. I send 30 &; if too much, put it by till next box is sent - if too little, I trust the binder will wait for the balance. I have not sold near all Griffith's (16) books. I will return them with what I have rec'd or keep them a little longer, as he pleases. The Brig will only be in dock a few days but perhaps the binder might get a part done, which would please me much. If not, I fear you cannot send them till October. I wish Exotic Flora bound as it was published, but if yours is bound systematically by Mrs. Hooker, do write on a sheet of paper merely the no.'s of the plates in the order in which they stand, thus: 3, 25, 6, etc.
[portion of next page missing from top]
134 PHN Yd, 0-4 0 GLA Vol. ‘3B, eos.
Could you not contrive to procure from your copper plates 2 good impressions of all such plates as have not been coloured? I could then colour one for you and another for myself and we might add them to our copies. Or do you colour your own copy yourself when the plate is plain, as in Voyhia [= Voyria}] and the Mahogany? When you have done all my present drawings, I will go on in 4to or 8vo so that you will not have to reduce. I should think you might have published the Pomona if not coloured.
I'm sorry Murray (32) cut down the lovely Bot. Miscell. as you might have had sometimes a folio plate. If you will send me a coloured copy of No. 1 cut down, I will return the 4to impression you sent me.
I have been painting my house and am now in my new fine study, 30 ft. long, and on Monday’ begin to make excursions. The slowness with which my Zool'l papers are published sadly disgusts me and makes me idle. Believe me,
Yours faithfully, L. Guilding
xzxaaekeek rk
St. Vincent, March 6, 1830 (Kew, S. Amer. Letters 1828-31, 66: 54):
Dear Hooker:
I merely send you in this’ a duplicate of a bill of 30 & for binding my books sent in the Brig Richard Brown - deduct postages and the 16s_ I owe you for binding the Botanic Garden 2 books. If the money is too much, keep it for next box I shall send. If too little, beg the binder to wait till I send more by next ship. When the boxes arrive give a bond for their reshipment, and I should think after the affidavit sent with tthe ship's Papers you will not have to pay duty, which of course must be done rather than have them detained. One large box contains 4 jars with plants in Spirit. I am so much occupied that I must put off the dry specimens till next Opportunity. If possible, I should like the books sent out by the R[ichard] Brown which will only be in dock 7 days perhaps. If they can't be done, I fear you will not be able to send them back before October. I am sorry to put you to this trouble but you will confer a great
1985 Howard & Howard, Lansdown Guilding 135
favour on me by looking after the binding of my _ books. Send back all my drawings that are done between boards in the large box of books. They are marked A, B, C, D. D is in the large one. Note perhaps a part of the books might come out by return of the Brig Praytoy.
Yours faithfully, L. Guilding
xek* tk
St. Vincent, March 8, 1830 (Kew, S. Amer. Letters 1828-31, 66: 56):
Dear Hooker:
I forgot in my letter to request you to insure the Books on their Return to me. If the 30 & runs_ short, draw for the balance on Capt. Hopper, 12, Colet Place, Commercial Road, London.
Yours faithfully, L. Guilding
& &° By £7 %
St. Vincent, March 28, 1830 (Kew, S&S. Amer. Letters 1828-31, 66: 55):
Dear Hooker:
You will smile at my sending so many letters with my books but I must insist on your adding them to the Binder's bill. The list of directions was at the top of the largest box. I forgot the bill of lading which I am just told it is necessary to send to you. I have just returned from a fortnight's residence, I may say in the sea, loaded with spoils. My hands have been so stung and poisoned by marine monsters that they are dreadfully swelled and painful. I can scarcely hold the pen.
Yours faithfully, L. Guilding
zx kekk rk
St. Vincent, July 6, 1830 (Kew, S. Amer. Letters 1828-31, 663° 57} $
136 PAN TO: BD G40 Vols | 585; Mond
Dear Hooker:
I have rec'd your obliging letter of May 26 and must beg you to accept my best thanks’ for all the pains you have taken about my books, and more especially about the deposit. I now send to the binder a few volumes, principally continuation, and if he does them cheap and well, I can send the remainder. You once sent me his prices and I have calculated accordingly. I send you now a Dubloon worth upwards of 3 &. Pray favor me by having the whole insured for 200 & on their return as they will be packed in tin. I should think the percentage would not be much. At any rate, as you say, the _ binder's balance can stand over till I hear the amount, when I will get a draft for the exact sum on a Glasgow merchant, or if he cannot wait, I must trouble you to draw on Capt. Hopper, 12, Colet Place, Commercial Road, London. The books are so few now sent that rather than put yourself to much trouble you had better pay the duty, tho' I never rec'd any drawback, as in the last instance, and only send them for binding.
The 4 jars of spirit I have now are hardly full _ so they must wait till next ship. I send you in a hamper a most lovely orchid plant with long channeled leaves and a lovely column of fructification, the most beautiful I ever saw and only found once in the tops of the Island of Bequia, very different from one I sent you with similar leaves, so take pains in the cultivation. I have’ the flowers in spirit. The basket contains a few round Cacti [Melocactus] - give one to P. Neill (33) who begged me for 1t. The berries are eatable and pretty.
I have directed to your care a parcel with 2 beautiful drawings for Wilson's work. Please to forward it. I have told him to repay you any charges.
I long impatiently for No. 8 etc. of the Ferns. ; hope you made a mistake about No. 2 of the Bot. Miscellany. I have enquired of my Capt. but no parcel had he - so I hope it is still lying in Glasgow. I fear from what you say that the Bot. Miscellany will end for the present, which all must greatly regret. In this case could you not have a whole set bound and sent out with my books and I will return No. 1, which is quite clean. I think you had better keep the drawings safe. I fear the U. M. Lacey (22) cannot do them justice. I hear’ they have printed a shameful Plate of the Nutmeg. At any rate, don't give anything unless you are fully satisfied
1985 Howard & Howard, Lansdown Guilding 137 it will be done properly.
Believe me, yours faithfully, L. Guilding
xek*k tk
St. Vincent, Jan'y llth, 1831 (Kew, S. Amer. Letters 1828-31, 66: 59):
My dear Hooker,
By the Richard Brown I rec'd all my books very safe. I have to offer you my very best thanks for all the trouble you have had with them. They were cheaply and well done, and tell Carss (8) I am perfectly satisfied, and will always employ him in future. He has however lost the Index of Vol. 3 of Drury's Insects (12), after which I will trouble him to make diligent search. Pray hasten to let me know how the account stands that I may have it immediately settled.
Money remitted & 30 Carss bill 27. bhah Dubloon about & 3.5 Due to you for binding 2 books 0.16.0 B 33.5 Postages etc. Custom house etc. Porterage etc. Broker etc.
I can always get a bill from one of our merchants on a Glasgow house for any sum.
A thousand thanks for your favor and Miscellany. I have now perfect Icones Filicum no. 1-9, Botanical Miscellany 1, 2, & 3. You say no. 3 has none coloured but I understand you to say that no. 2 had; I must therefore beg you to send me a coloured one and I will return this. I particularly ask it as my Guildingia is in. 2€. Could you without much trouble get me a few 4to impressions of that single late? I would willingly pay the printer and colourer or do the colouring myself. Pray look over my list of drawings and let me have back all that you have now used, which are not a few. What a good opportunity you lost in the larger box of books! Say to Greville I got his books safe and am preparing a case for him of dried plants after having selected the choicest for yourself. If he will send me a_ coloured copy of the Alga I will make a fine collection for him of all ours in Spirit, which seems the surest way of sending
138 PHYTOLOGIA Vol. 58, No. 2
them. The orchideae etc. from Curtis's [Botanical] magazine I hope to get next packet. The fine plant from Bequia I can get again, I doubt not; some are in spirit. The hot steam of a Sugar Vessel is very poisonous. They were in fine condition when sent.
My poor brother has lost everything in New Holland. The Bush Rangers and Cannibals’ burnt his buildings and wheat, while the latter devoured his best servants; thus perished all the collections’ he had formed for us both. A second collection formed in China, the Spice Islands and other parts of the Asia were lost at sea in the wreck. He swam for his life without even saving his journal. He is now in England totally destitute. I have pressed him to come here where he gave up a situation that would soon have made his fortune. But he prefers if possible to live in England or the East Indies. Can you or your friends procure him any situation for _ the present, however humble? You would do a most charitable act to a very steady and deserving but most unfortunate man.
The Brig returns in March, when I hope to send you something acceptable.
I am, very faithful friend, L. Guilding
P.S. If your good people at the Museum will send me some cork boxes with insects, I will make them an ample return or exchange shells etc.
kk & &
Guilding's last available letter to Hooker was largely repetition of the penultimate one.
St. Vincent, Apr. 19, 1831 (Kew, S. Amer. Letters, 1632-37 6272 56):
Dear Hooker:
I wrote to you some time since but tore the letter as my box was too late for the Rd. Brown. It went alongside the Bay before the Captn. sailed, and tho' I had sent it 4 miles he refused to take it as it was not in the manifest. He is a civil man and I suppose was right. Not so the Captn. of the ship John Campbell, of whom I hope you will complain to his owners. He refused to have any thing sent on board for you as it would give
1985 Howard & Howard, Lansdown Guilding 139
him trouble at the Custom House. I now send by the Agenora a box with 4 jars and 1 bottle. fMThe dry plants I will without fail put up for you when the brig returns, as well as a box from Greville, from whom I have just heard. Pray send me the particulars of the bookbinding that I may finally arrange with you.
I have now nos. 1-9 of Icones filicum col[oure]d. I long to have it fin'd and _ bound. Also 1-3 of the Bot. Miscellany. Pray exchange no. 2 for a col[foure]d one. Could you get me, in 4to, 1 or 2 col[oure]d or not impressions of the plate of Guildingia. I should like it much. Pray send me back safely packed in canvas etc. all my drawings you have fin'd. The bread fruit, jack fruit, Guildingia, etc. Take care of the note books. You had better always pour out the spirit and break the jars into a tub to get the specimens without injury. Write when the box arrives.
Yours faithfully, L. Guilding
P.S. You might get the spirit distilled again and made clear.
140 RAY bOL OG LA Vol. 58, No. 2
When Guilding died, his brother John returned to St. Vincent in spite of his letter to Hooker of November ll, 1830 (Kew, S. Amer. Letters 1828-31, 66: 58) stating he had made up his mind never again to return to the West Indies. On the 15th of March, 1832, he wrote to Hooker from Kingstown, St. Vincent (Kew, S. Amer. Letters 1832-37, 675. 57)%
Dear Sir:
You may perhaps ere this have heard of the unfortunate death of your old friend, my Brother, the Rev'd L. Guilding. This melancholy occurrence took place the 22nd of last Oct'b'r in the Island of Bermuda, to which place he had sailed for a change of air. His complaint was a violent liver disease which baffled all medical skill and terminated his mortal Career at the early age of 33 in the midst of his scientific pursuits, to which his whole life from a boy had been most sedulously applied. He has left a Widow and Six young children to deplore his loss, and I am much afraid they will acutely feel it, for his time was so devoted to Natural History in all its branches that he has neglected to make that provision for his Family which he may perhaps otherwise have done.
His Collections on almost every subject of the mineral, vegetable and animal Kingdoms of this part of the World are most superb and complete. In his lifetime he valued his museum at Ten Thousand Pounds. He has also a valuable collection of Books, Manuscripts and Drawings. By his Will he has directed the whole to be sent to London to be disposed of by two Gentlemen named Swainson (38) and Vigors (45), under the control, however, of the Executors and Guardians of his’ Family. I hope to God they may be sold to advantage or I am afraid his Widow and Children will suffer great want; I wish you would mention these circumstances to all your literary acquaintances and induce them to make such purchases of his Collections when they arrive in London, as_ will Produce something or other in the shape of a revenue for the support of his Family.
I have been residing in British Guiana for the last six months and am only just returned to St. Vincent. I find the Executors have written home to Mr. Swainson to send some proper qualified person out here to pack up the collection and make a catalogue of the same, and take the charge of them to London. I hope he will be sent out, as no one in this country is qualified for any such an
1985 Howard & Howard. Lansdown Guilding 14]
undertaking. Myself and two others are appointed the Trustees and Guardians of the Children, and I feel very anxious that we should ascertain as speedily [as] possible what Sum is likely to be amassed for his family.
Since I last addressed you I have not as yet been able to procure any situation for myself. My unfortunate speculation to New South Wales has thrown me back very much in the World. If you hear of any situation that you could obtain for me among any of your friends, I should gladly accept of it, however humble it may be.
I remain, Dear Sir, with the greatest esteem, your very faithful Servant, Jno. Guilding
x eek rk
No obituary notices for Guilding have _ been found. Charles Lyell wrote to Hooker May 14, 1832: "My dear Hooker.... The loss of Guilding will be deplored by all the admirers of the Bot. Magazine, and from his abilities as an artist and his taste in selecting subjects of interest will be felt even by you, rich as you are in botanical correspondents." (Kew, English letters 1832-35, H-L 5: 265). A footnote to Guilding's posthumously published review of Merian's work on_ the insects of Surinam (Mag. Nat. Hist. 7: 355. 1834) states, "He died at St. Vincent in 1832, under 50 years of age," and includes six lines of a poetic tribute.
On February 2, 1833, Hooker received a letter (Kew, S. Amer. Letters 1832-37, G6fs 59} from Charlotte Guilding, expressing her intention to sail to London to try to sell her husband's collections and asking his help. She indicated that many of the specimens were in duplicate or triplicate.
She wrote again from 19 Weymouth Street, Portland Place, London, on April 16, 1833 (Kew, S. Amer. Letters 1832-375. 673.60):
My dear Sir:
I wrote to you some time since informing you of my intended voyage to England, and the object of my visit. I arrived in London on Monday the 7th, and wrote to Mr. Swainson the day following requesting his presence in Town to consult on the most advisable plans for us to adopt in the disposal of the Museum. I saw him yesterday
142 Pa YT Ob OG LA Vol. 58, No. 2
and he strongly advises my writing to Mr. Vigors, to try if he will exert his influence with the Zoological Society, of which he is Secretary, or if he will in any way interest himself to further our views. He also recommends that I should leave the Packages in the Warehouse they are now in till we meet with an offer of purchase for parts or the whole collection, when he will fix the value of such portions as the parties may be in treaty for. This has been the present determination of Our conversation. But should any other suggestion strike you which you think will be more advantageous for us, I trust you will lose no time in giving your opinion, as_ I can assure you any advice from you will be gratefully acknowledged by
Yours very ... Charlotte Guilding
1985 Howard & Howard, Lansdown Guilding 143
The ultimate disposition of the personal Guilding collection of specimens, books, and manuscripts has not been determined completely. William Swainson (Cabinet Cyclopaedia p. 207. 1840) stated: "His published MSS and drawings remain with his widow, now residing in the West Indies." In 1963 A. A. Prestwick ("I name this parrot..." p. 47) stated: “About the years 1838-1840 the extensive collections of natural history specimens made by Guilding on St. Vincent and other islands of the West Indies, were sold at Messrs. Stevens' auction rooms. The British Museum acquired a large number of specimens of Mollusca, some of which are of special interest, being either the actual types or co-types of the various species described by Guilding."” For the St. Vincent parrot, Amazona guildingii (Vigors), Prestwick noted,
"N. A. Vigors described and named two specimens in the Collection of the Zoological Society of London, which “had been procured from the late Rev. Lansdown Guilding's collection.'" The British Museum (Natural History) has extensive herbarium material collected by Guilding, but no manuscripts or books have been located. The specimens Guilding sent to W. J. Hooker at Glasgow were transferred by him to London when he assumed the directorship at Kew in 1841. Hooker's private collections were purchased by the British government in 1866, the year after his death. These, marked Herbarium Hooker, are still at Kew. The collections were studied by Grisebach for the preparation of his Flora of the British West India Islands (1859- 1864) and are cited. A very few fragments of these collections were taken by Grisebach with Hooker's approval, and some are in the Grisebach Herbarium in G8ttingen.
The Guilding botanical drawings are the subject of some correspondence with J. D. Hooker (Kew Herbarium Presentations to 1900, 1: 359-362). On May 25, 1899, from Worcester House, Sidmouth Street, Reading, L. M. Guilding wrote:
"I have in my possession a collection of Botanical drawings illustrative of the Flora of St. Vincent, Ww. Tr. They were the work of my grandfather, the late Rev. Lansdown Guilding, F.L.S., who was distinguished as a naturalist and who was rector there many years ago.
144 PHY. T.0L.0 6 LA Vol. 58, No. 2
"Though 60 years old they are in a beautiful state of preservation and the colours are as’ vivid as if recently done.
"May I ask if the department ever purchases such collections. If so, I _ shall be pleased to forward them for inspection."
On July 19, 1899, an offer of & 10 was made for the 2 volumes of botanical drawings. Guilding indicated on October 17, 1899, that the family would accept & 15, and that he would communicate with Prof. Ray Lankester (24). The money was sent on December 5, 1899, and acknowledged on December 7 with the comments:
"It is a great satisfaction to me to feel that the drawings are now the property of the nation.
"I have been in communication with Prof. Ray Lankester & shall be extremely obliged if you will forward the Zoological drawings to the Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road _ S.W., for his inspection."
The acquisition of the botanical drawings by Kew was reported anonymously in Kew Bulletin (1899, p. 299) with the comment: "There are also among them the _ original drawings of views in the Botanic Garden of St. Vincent, which served to illustrate Lansdown Guilding's guide to the garden." The drawings of garden scenes cannot be found within the Guilding art work at Kew today. The zoological drawings were sent to Lankester on December 8, 1899, and there is no record of them at the British Museum (Natural History). It is possible that they were not purchased but were returned to St. Vincent and are in the volume, "A Natural History of St. Vincent," now owned by the Barnard family at Orange Hill, St. Vincent.
Guilding Drawings at Kew
The Guilding botanical drawings at Kew are in two bound volumes, with additional loose plates. They consist of a habit sketch on the face or obverse side with a generous’ rendition of the fruiting or flowering portions and, in many cases, dissections. They were sent to Hooker, who used them in his’ various publications. Some, when published, are attributed to "Rev. L. Guilding del." or simply "L. G. del." A comparison of the original
1985 Howard & Howard, Lansdown Guilding 145
drawings and the published illustrations indicates’ that some illustrations were engraved exactly as Guilding had drawn them, while others were reduced in size and/or rearranged in plates before publication. Hooker faithfully acknowledged the source as Guilding's drawings or wrote that the illustration was prepared from living material supplied by Guilding, from dried specimens, or from material in spirits, and he cited frequently from the "copious notes" Guilding supplied. In the following list those drawings’ that were used by Hooker for illustrations in his publications are so indicated by reference.
Volume 1
Opuntia cochinellifera - Bot. Mag. 2741, 2742, drawings credited to Guilding
Jackfruit
Phyllanthus acidus
Piper nigrum —- Bot. Mag. 3139
Maranta arundinacea
Malpighia punicifolia (dated 1823)
Caryocar nuciferum - Bot. Mag. 2727, 2728, Hooker's drawing from Guilding, also based on dried and spirit specimens and notes
Momordica charantia
Dialium gulanensis
Clove - Myristica efficinalis.. =, Expy Bison 2: 15501 25k, drawing credited to Guilding, part in color (1825); Bot. Mag. 2750 by Guilding, 2749 by Hooker who quotes Guilding's notes (1827)
Hylocereus triangularis or mountain strawberry
Ipomoea dissecta
Achras sapota - Bot. Mag. 3111, 3112, credited to Guilding
Jambolifera pedunculata
Coccoloba uvifera - Bot. Mag. 3130, credited to Guilding Spondias dulcis Passiflora quadrangularis
Volume 2
Inocarpus edulis
Swietenia mahagoni - Bot. Misc. 1: t. xvi, xvii, credited to Guilding
Annona sguamosa - Bot. Mag. 3095, drawing reduced from Guilding
Passiflora quadrangularis
146 Pon EeT OOO el h Vol. 58, No. 2
Annona reticulata
Passiflora laurifolia aS Ee Oe Ey ae ee ar
Carolina principes
Artocarpus incisa - Bot. Mag. 2869, 2870, 2871, by Guilding
Musa sapientum
Lecythis bracteata
Jackfruit - Bot. Mus. 2833, drawn by Hooker’ from Guilding's sketches; 2834, attributed ‘to Guilding but recompiled from his figures
Breadnut
Phyllanthus distichus
Piper betle - Bot. Mag. 3132, by Guilding
Sechium edule
Tomato
Guildingia psidioides - Bot. Misc. 1: 124, t. 30. 1829. In describing this plant as a new genus’ Hooker wrote: "For a splendid drawing of this plant, and a complete and satisfactory analysis of the parts of fructification, I am indebted to the Rev. Lansdown Guilding of St. Vincent, to whom I am anxious to dedicate the genus, in testimony to his great acquirements in Natural History, and of his having so successfully investigated the Botany of the island in which he resides. Of that drawing, however, just mentioned, I can only introduce such portions as are suitable to the humble size of this Miscellany."
Sapindus saponaria
Prunus sphaerocarpa - Cerasus sphaerocarpa - Bot. Mag. 3141, by Guilding
Loose plates:
Courapita guianensis - Bot. Mag. 3158, by Guilding, 3159 by Hooker from material and notes supplied by Guilding
Sechium edule (dissection)
Myristica officinalis - Hook. Exot. Bot. 155, 156 [these are the figures credited to Guilding to which he objected]; Bot. Mag. 2757, 2756A
Coccoloba uvifera - Bot. Mag. 3130, "del. L. Guilding"
Piper nigrum - Bot. Mag. 3139, "del. L. Guilding"
Piper betle - Bot. Mag. 3132, "del. L. Guilding"
Cerasus sphaerocarpa - Bot. Mag. 3141, "del. L. Guilding"
Achras sapota - Bot. Mag. 3112, 3111, "del. L. Guilding"
Mimusops dissecta = Mimusops kauki - Bot. Mag. 3157, "del. L.
Guilding"
1985 Howard & Howard. Lansdown Guilding 147
The following illustrations are also based on living material, herbarium specimens, or preserved material supplied by Guilding from St. Vincent:
Adansonia digitata - Bot. Mag. 2791, 2792
Aspidium nodosum = Oleandra nodosa (Willd.) C. Presl - Ex. Fi ee TES
Carolina insignis - Ex. Fl. 2: 100
Cassytha filiformis - Ex. Fl. 3: 167
Epidendrum fuscatum = Epidendrum secundum Jacq. - Bot. Mag. 2844
Epidendrum pallidiflorum Hook. - Bot. Mag. 2980. Type: Guilding s.n. (K)
Habenaria alata Hook. - Ex. Fl. 3: 169. Type: Guilding s.n. (K)
Marcgravia umbellata - Ex. Fl. 2: 160
Maxillaria pallidiflora Hook. = Xylobium pallidiflorum (Hook.) Nichols. - Bot. Mag. 2806. Type: Guilding Sate the
Myrcia acris - Bot. Mag. 3153
Neottia aphylla Hook. Type: Guilding s.n. (K) = Spiranthes lanceolata (Aubl.) Leon - Bot. Mag. 2797
Neottia ? grandiflora Hook. Type: Guilding s.n. (K) = == grandiflora (Hook.) Hook. = Chlorea ulantha Rolfe. - Bot. Mag. 2956
Octomeria graminifolia - Bot. Mag. 2764
Oncidium altissimum = Oncidium wydleri Rchib. £. — Bec. Mag. 2990
Peperomia oOvalifolia Hook. Type: Guilding s.n. (K) Peperomia trifolia (L.) A. Dietr. Ex. Fl. 3: 164
Peperomia reniformis Hook. Type: Guilding s.n. (K) Peperomia serpens (Sw.) Loud.- Ex. Fl. 3: 165.
Pitcalrnea bracteata Hook. = £=Pitcairnea angustifolia Aiton - Bot. Mag. 2813 Polypodium plantagineum Hook. = Tectaria plantagineum
(Jacq.) Maxon - Ex. Fl. 2: 114 Taenitis graminifolia = Cochlidium seminudum (Willd.) Hazon => Et.” FT. “T= Tet Trichomanes elegans L. C. Rich. - Ex. Fl. 1: 52 Utricularia alpina Jacq. - Ex. Fl. 3: 198
148 Pa TOL OST fh Vol. 58, No. 2 Guilding's Publications
A listing of most of Guilding's publications appears in the Catalogue of Scientific Papers of the Royal Society (3: 76, 77. 1869). However, the citations given are not always the first or the only place of publication, for his papers were often reviewed, extracted, or even republished separately. The earliest place of publication, as far as is known, is given in the list below. Extracts and alternate places of publication, later from the point of priority, are cited in the Royal Society publication and in H. A. Hagen's Bibliotheca Entomologica (l: 324, 325. 1834). The editor of the Magazine of Natural History (7: 558. 1834) noted that the late Rev. Guilding had supplied, on May 1, 1830, "a collection of notes which he had made in relation to subjects contained in volumes 1 and 2 of this magazine." The editor made use of these notes in volumes 7 and 8, occasionally supplying a title cited in the table of contents or index, but more frequently incorporating them as acknowledged contributions of Guilding in other items of review. They can be located in the indices of volumes 7 and 8 by reference to Guilding. Guilding's first paper to the Linnean Society, "The natural history of a new species of Amphitrite (A. leachii)," was read March 19, 1821, but apparently not published (Linn. Soc. Mss. Misc. SP. .32)..
Guilding complained to Hooker that the Linnean Society was slow in acknowledging and publishing his contributions. He seems to be justified, for his article on Crepitaculum was dated St. Vincent, January 5, 1824, read to the Society June 7, 1825, and published in the transactions in 1827. In the following list, the year the paper was read is given in parentheses:
The natural history of Lamia amputator, Fabr. (1822) Trans; Linn. Soc; 13:°604-607.--1822: . Read - 3/5/22; M82 >a SD aa o2as obs Ve Aes els
Observations on the Iguana tuberculata. zool. Jour. Ls 130.....1824-25.
[In a section of the Journal called "Proceedings of Learned Societies on subjects connected with zoology" there is a notice of the meeting of January 29, 1824, when a paper was communicated by Sir E. Home (19) entitled "Observations on the Iguana tuberculata, or common Iguana; by the Rev. Lansdown Guilding.” In part of the notice it is stated:
1985 Howard & Howard, Lansdown Guilding 149
"The principal object of Mr. Guilding's observations on the Iguana was briefly to describe an organ on the parietal bones of the head of that animal, to which he gives the appelation Foramen homeanum in honour of Sir E. Home .....
"Mr. G. proposed, should it be acceptable to the Royal Society, to lay before that body a general anatomical account of the Saurian reptiles of the Antilles."
The manuscript which was read is in the library of the Royal Society (Guilding, Lansdown AP. 2. 11). It is dated July 16, 1823. In it the Foramen homeanum is named “after one of the most zealous and learned comparative anatomists of this age." Guilding did not consider it to be an "anatomical account" but stated: "Should this communication seem worthy of notice, I may be induced to give a detailed account of all the Saurian Reptiles of the Antilles." The manuscript contains an account in Latin of Iguana tuberculata and is accompanied by at least three drawings.]
The natural history of Phasma cornutum, and the description of a new species of Ascalaphus (A. macleayanus). (1823) Trans. Linn. Soc. 14: 137-147. 1825; 15: 509-512. 1827. Read March 18, 1822. Mss. Misc. Sp. 326 (incomplete); Mss. Sp. 328.
The natural history of Xylocopa Teredo and Horia maculata. 1822) Trans. Linn, Sec. 24+. 322-427.
1825. Read June 4); 1822s: Ste Vo “Sane Fy 8622. « A note appended to a letter to Robert Brown (Linn. Soc. Misc. Mss. Sp. 330) refers to "Additions to the natural history of Xylocopa teredo etc. Supplementary to the publication in the Transactions of the Linnean Society 15: 511." It apparently was never published.
Description of a new species of Onchidium (O. occidentale). (1823) (Nov. 4, 1823) Trans. Linn. soc. 142) 322-324. 1825. Mss. + Spe « Seve {For the November 4, 1823, meeting of the Linnean Society it is recorded (Zool. Jr. 1: 131. 1824) that the paper "Observations on the genus’ Onchidium of Buchanan with a description of a new species, by Rev. Lansdown Guilding"™ was presented. The report notes that Guilding improves the generic characters of
150 Pal HT Dab i016 Tah Vol. 58, No. 2 Onchidium and describes as new O. occidentale.)
An account of some rare West Indian Crustacea. (1823) Trane. « LAnns.,,8OGx > dAs. 46334-83818 25;% (For the December 16, 1823, meeting of the Linnean Society it ie: recorded (Zooks dour ac 1223143824) . Ghat the paper "Observations on some of the terrestrial Mollusca of the West Indies, by Rev. Lansdown Guilding" was presented. Helicina occidentalis and Bulimus haemastoma were described, while Bulimus stramineus and Pupa undulata were mentioned only by name, }
Observations on some of the terrestrial Mollusca of the West Indies. (1823) Trans. Linn. Soc. 14: 339-341. 1825),
An account of the Botanic Garden in the Island of St. Vincent from its first establishment to the present time. Glasgow, 1825. Published by Richard Griffin & Company. ["Dedicated to W. J... Hooken,. LL.D, F.R.A. & L.S. &C. &¢C., Regius professor of botany in the University of Glasgow, this short account on the Botanic Garden of St. Vincent is dedicated, as a token of esteem, by his very faithful friend, Lansdown Guilding." It was published in June, 1825, and was reviewed by J. C. Loudon in The Gardener's Magazine 1: 193-195. April 1826.)
Mollusca Caribbeana. Zool. Jour. 2: 437-439. 1826.
The amended generic characters of Bulimus and Succinbea; with a new genus of Mollusca, Peripatus iuliformis. Zool. Jour. 2: 440-444. 1826.
Observations on the crepitaculum and the foramina in the anterior tibiae of some orthopterous insects. (1825) Teansi.n diinn.. Soc. .E5e: 153-155., 1827.
The natural history of Oiketicus, a new and_ singular genus of Lepidoptera. (1826) Trans:.> 9 inns SOC. Sad 7a —2 es, ChB 2h. Read June 6, 1826; Mss. Sp. 329 (in part) .
Observations on the zoology of the Caribbean Islands. ZOO). miOUtA wet) 403-408». 2526-544 .) 1D B282., Ar 164-175... 1828.
1985 Howard & Howard, Lansdown Guilding 151
Notice of the discovery of a recent Encrinus. Zool. Jour. 4: 173-175. 1828-1829.
On the natural history of Petrophila, a lepidopterous genus, in its larva state inhabiting rivers, and furnished with branchiae. Zool. Jour. 5: 263-264. 1829-30. Mss. Misc. Sp. 330; read Feb. 2, 1830; dated St. Vincent, March 20, 1829.
Observations on the Chitonidae. Zee! aad6urs?52¢25=35,. 1830.
Insects’ which infest the Sugar Cane (Saccharum officinarum lL.) Trans. Soc. Encourag. Arts 46: 143-1564 .3828 [The journal records: "The Gold Ceres Medal was voted to the _ Rev. Lansdown
Guilding, B.A.» F.L.S., F«G.S.,,.ete. ftor,his Memoir on the insects that infest the Sugar-Cane in the West Indies." Guilding commented to Hooker that he wished they had offered him books.]
The generic characters of Formicaleo; with the description of two new species (F. leachii, F. farsalio). (1827) Trans. | binnes .SoGac pib62547-52. if Ee
An account of Margarodes, a new genus of insects found in
the neighbourhood of ants‘ nests. (1827) Trans. Bian «@Sec.. ¢¢h6: ,b15=2202 «1833. Colored plate in Linnean Society Library (MSs. Misc.) of Margarodes formicarum, LEZ? «
The wasps of tropical America often suspend their pensile nests from the branches of Trees. Mag. Nat. Hist. 6: 540. 1834.
Observations on the work of Maria Sibilla Merian on the Insects, &c of Surinam. Mag. Nat. Hist. 7: 355-375. 1834. [This is a remarkable review of an older volume in which Guilding identified the organisms with the then current nomenclature. The drawings of insects required many corrections. The commentary on the plants’ illustrated is profound in its comparisons with the plants then grown in St. Vincent and in the botanic garden. See also the comments of W. T. Stearn in the recent’ reprint edition of Merian's book, pp. 80-82, in E. Reicher & W. T. Stearn, Maria Sibylla Merian in Surinam, London. 1982.)
152 PH VT aD OMe Pn Vol. 58, No. 2
Facts on Humming-birds, their food, the manner in which they take it, and on their habits; with directions for preserving the eggs of Humming-Birds, and the forms of the bodies of Spiders, and pupae and larvae of Insects. Mag. Nat. Hist. 7: 569-573. 1834.
Notes on luminous Insects, chiefly of the West Indies; on luminous Meteors; on Ignes Fatui; on the luminousness of the Sea; and on the powers possessed by the races of Lizards, of voluntarily changing their colour; with other information of the habits Of Lizards. Mag. Nat. Hist. 7: 579-583. 18634.
Conjectures on some of the purposes of the external configuration of some species of insects. Mag. Nat. Hist. 729601" E834-
Notices of the forms of the egg-cases of some exotic species of Spider. Mag. Nat. Hist. 8: 375-380. 1835.
Observations on Naticina and Dentalium. (1831) Trans. Linn.» See. °279*°29=-362 "1837; One of the original drawings, partially colored, is in the Linnean Society collections (Misc. Mss.).
It is of interest that Guilding's zoological contributions were of such significance that they were promptly noted in French and _ German publications, extracted or republished. I leave them to others more qualified than I to consider.
1985 Howard & Howard, Lansdown Guilding 153
APPENDIX
The following biographical sketches are very brief and intended only to identify the references in Guilding's letters. Fuller accounts of the’ scientists can be found in published biographies, in R. Desmond, Dictionary of British & Irish Botanists & Horticulturists, 1977, and in Dictionary of National Biography 1885-1964 and supplements to 1971.
1. Anderson, Alexander, 1748-1811
A Scot who was appointed superintendent of the St. Vincent Botanic Garden in 1785. He collected living Plants, seeds, and botanical specimens on many of the islands of the Lesser Antilles, Trinidad, and Tobago, and made an important excursion up the Essequibo and Demerara rivers of northern South America ‘an . 4791s His introductions flourished in the botanical garden, and specimens from them were sent to Banks, Forsyth, and Lambert in London. His frequent reports and catalogues reveal the development of the living plant collections in the garden. A copy of Anderson's catalogue of 1806 is published in Guilding's "Account of the botanic garden OF“ St. Virneent: * Anderson was preparing a "Hortus St. Vincentii™ as well as "Flora Caribbee" when he died. Manuscripts of the former, along with his accounts of the History of the Botanic Garden, the Geography and History of St. Vincent, "Deluge papers" on the origin of the earth, accounts of Grenada, St. Lucia, and Barbados, are in the library of the Linnean Society. Two of these, "Geography and History of St. Vincent" and "History of the Botanic Garden," have been edited, transcribed, and published by R. A. and E. S. Howard (1983).
Guilding had access to Anderson's manuscripts, correspondence, and catalogues and drew from them much data included in his notes to W. J. Hooker.
2. Baker
Possibly Henry Baker, the author of "The microscope made easy" (1742) and “Employment for the microscope" (1753), reissued together as "Of microscopes and the discoveries made thereby" (1754), a standard text of the period probably available to Guilding.
154 Pr oT Ocbh 2026 1A Vol. 58, No. 2 3. Brewster, Sir David, 1781-1868
Noted for his research on the properties of light, optics, and polarization, and credited with the invention of the kaleidoscope. Guilding used his camera lucida in preparing some of his illustrations of insects.
4. Brisbane, Sir Charles, 1769-1829
After a long naval career in which he rose to the rank of rear admiral, he was governor of St. Vincent from 1809 until his death in 1829.
5. Brown, Robert, 1773-1858
A Scottish botanist. In 1799 Brown met Sir Joseph Banks and accepted his offer to go to New Holland (Australia), where in four years he collected nearly 4,000 species. In 1810 he succeeded Dryander as Banks' librarian, and on Banks' death in 1830 he inherited the Soho house and control of the collections. He agreed to their transfer to the British Museum in 1827 and was appointed as keeper. His privately published pamphlet, "A brief account of microscopical observations" (1828), was the first description of the vibration of molecules in a liquid state, subsequently known as "Brownian movement."
When Robert Brown waS serving as librarian for the Linnean Society, Guilding addressed the following letter to him:
April 9, 1821. "I take the liberty of sending through your hands to the Linnean Society the natural history of a singular insect which I have had an opportunity of tracing through its different stages. Should it be thought worthy of a place in the Transactions, I shall be encouraged to send as often as possible a centurie of the Eare. ef nondescript insects of these islands and _ South America. I am at present actively engaged in making drawings of all the new animals in my cabinet for my Fauna occidentalis, which I hope _ to send to the press at the expiration of another year. I. shall wish the sketch of L{amia] amputator to be returned when I next visit England."
1985 Howard & Howard, Lansdown Guilding 155 6. Browne, Patrick, ?1720-1790
An Irish-born naturalist who visited the West Indies between 1743 and 1746 and later published "The Civil and Natural History of Jamaica."
A traveler, naturalist, antiquarian, jeweler and goldsmith. He was the proprietor of a museum of natural history in Liverpool, then moved it to London. He published a catalogue of the natural history objects and curiosities brought by Captain Cook from the South Seas.
8. Carss
Probably John Carss, principal in the firm of J.
Carss & Co., Glasgow bookbinders. 9. Cramer, Pieter, d. 1779
The author of "De Uitlandsche Kapellen ... Papillons exotiques des trois parties du monde," a_ work on butterflies published 1779-1782.
10. Descourtilz, Michel Etienne, 1775-1836
Author of "Flore (pittoresque et) médicale des Antilles" (1821-1829).
11. Donovan (O'Donovan), Edward, 1768-1837, FLS 1799
Naturalist and author who did his own drawings. He started the London Museum & Institute of Natural History in 1807, largely with his own collections. He is known
for capable work on insects, plants, and shells. He published the "Naturalist's Repository" (1823-1825).
12. Drury, Dru, 1725-1803
156 Poa TeOek OG. Tih Vol. 58, No. 2
A naturalist who maintained a_ famous cabinet. Entomology was much advanced by his writings and Moses Harris's figures. He published "Directions for
collecting insects in foreign countries," which was translated into several languages, and "Illustrations of Natural History" in three volumes, 1770-1772.
13. Gaertner, Joseph, 1772-1850
Author of "De fructibus et seminibus' plantarum" 1788-1805.
14. Greville, Robert Kaye, 1794-1866, FLS 1827
Greville wrote papers on algae and cryptogamia and made excursions around Glasgow with W. J. Hooker. He published "Scottish Cryptogamic Flora" in monthly parts and dedicated the work to Hooker. In 1829 he _ began publishing with Hooker "Icones Filicum" in two folio volumes, with 240 of his own plates of ferns sent from India and the West Indies by Wallich, Wright, and Guilding. It was said of him, "Few men have done as much for descriptive cryptogamic botany in Britain."
15. , Griffin
Apparently Richard Griffin & Company, Glasgow, who published Guilding's "An Account of the Botanic Garden" in, 1825.
16. Griffith, Edward, 1790-1858, FLS 1822
An original member of the Zoological Society. In 1821 Griffith published "General and Particular Descriptions of Vertebrated Animals." Later he translated Cuvier's "Animal Kingdom" with a considerable number of additions.
17. Harding
Not specifically identified, but may have been a printer.
1985 Howard & Howard, Lansdown Guilding 157 18. Hardy
May have been Sir Thomas Masterman Hardy (1769- 1839), a naval officer who commanded the ship Sibylle and others in the West Indies in the 1820's. Guilding seemed to depend on his personal acquaintances for the transport of material to Europe.
19. Home, Sir Everard, 1756-1832, FRS 1785
A military surgeon in Jamaica and later in London, subsequently in disrepute due to charges of publishing as his own the observations of John Hunter.
20. Hooker, William Jackson, 1785-1865, FLS 1806
Hooker is best known as the director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, between 1841 and 1865. Early in his career he became an associate of Sir Joseph Banks and established himself as a traveler, collector, author, editor, and artist. In 1820 he accepted the post of Professor of Botany at the University of Glasgow. It was from this location that his correspondence began with Guilding.
21. Jameson, Robert, 1774-1854
Regius Professor of Natural History at the Univer- sity of Edinburgh and Keeper of the University Museum. Jameson was a founder of the Wernerian Natural History Society of Edinburgh and for a long period its president. With David Brewster he originated the Edinburgh Philosophical Journal in 1819 and served as its editor.
22. Lacey Possibly Samuel Lacey or W. Lacey, both of whom were
line engravers.
23. Lambert, Aylmer Bourke, 1761-1842, FLS 1788
158 Piney TeOeLse Griw Vol. 58, No. 2
Lambert is described as "an English country gentle- man who devoted his life and his fortune to the interests of botany and horticulture." The cabinet he built up during his lifetime was extensive. He received specimens from St. Vincent from Anderson, then Caley, and finally Guilding. He was vice president of the Linnean Society when Guilding was elected a Fellow in 1817. The references, in Guilding's letters, to specimens sent to Lambert supplement that offered by H. S. Miller in "The herbarium of Aylmer Bourke Lambert. Notes on its acquisition, dispersal, and present whereabouts." Taxon 19: 489-656. 1970.
24. Lankester, Sir Edwin Ray, 1847-1929
Director of the British Museum (Natural History) from 1898 to 1907.
25. Leach, William Elford, 1790-1836, FLS
In 1813 Leach was assistant librarian and in 1821 assistant keeper of the natural history department of the British Museum. He published on crustaceans, conchology, and entomology. Guilding named Formicaleo leachii in his honor.
26. Lindley, John, 1799-1865, FLS 1820
Botanist and horticulturist who drew his own plates and organized the first flower show in England. He was regarded as a protegé of W. J. Hooker. He served as assistant librarian for Banks, as_ secretary of the Horticultural Society, and later as the first professor of botany at the University of London.
27. Lizars, William Home, 1788-1859
Engraver and painter who exhibited frequently from 1808 to 1815. He was credited with perfecting "a method of etching which performed all the functions of wood engraving in connection with the illustration of books."
1985 Howard & Howard, Lansdown Guilding 159 28. Lyell, Charles, 1767-1849, FLS 1813
Specialist on mosses and lichens who sent many Jungermannia specimens to Hooker and contributed the treatment of lichens to Smith's "English Botany." 29. Macleay, Alexander (MacLeay), 1767-1848, FLS 1794
An entomologist and later colonial statesman,
Macleay was secretary of the Linnean Society from 1798 to
625; While he was in New South Wales 1846, he built an outstanding became the first president of the
collection Australian
between 1825 and of insects and Museum at
and
Sydney. Robert Brown called him "a practical botanist." Guilding named Ascalaphus macleayanus
macleayi for him.
Oiketicus
30. Milford
Not identified. 31. Mount Norris
George Annesley, second Earl of Mountnorris, 1769- 1844, FLS 1796, had a “famed collection" of plants at Arley. 32. Murray
Probably John Murray, the publisher of the Botanists' Miscellany. 33. Neill, Patrick, 1776-1851, FLS 1813
Naturalist and horticulturist and head of a large
Printing zim. |” Firse History Society and of the Society. He is credited with the
Princess Street gardens in Edinburgh.
secretary to the Wernerian Natural Caledonian scheme of the West He
Horticultural
maintained a
good garden at Canonmills Cottage near Edinburgh.
160 Po HY TO) 1 OF.G Err Vol. 58, No. 2 34. Palisot de Beauvois, A. M. F. J., 1752-1820
Author of "Flore d'Oware et de Benin, en Afrique," 1805-1820.
35. Parker, Charles Sandbach, fl. 1824, died 1868 or 1869
A friend of W. J. Hooker, who named Parkeria (= Ceratopteris) for him. He collected in Dutch and British Guiana in 1824 and in the Lesser Antilles. Guilding reported that Parker visited him in St. Vincent in the summer of 1824. A few months later Guilding indicated that for a while it was feared that Parker had lost his life in a hurricane. The details of that experience are reported in Parker's letters to S. Sandbach, care of Sir W. Barton Islum & Higgonson, Liverpool, written from Antigua September 23, 1824 (Kew, Misc. For. Letters 1822-1829, 43: 38), and to Hooker from New York November 10, 1824 (Kew, Misc. For. Letters 1822-1829, 43: 43). To Sandbach, Parker wrote:
"I disembarked at Basseterre (Guadeloupe) on the forenoon of the 7 inst. with the intention of ascending the Soufriére and starting the next day for the islands’ to the Leeward. The exorbitant anchorage dues imposed by Admiral Jacob amounting to thirty four dollars for a small vessel in ballast for a single night decided the laying off & on during the night. The afternoon was rather squally and we had several heavy showers while ascending the mountain to a cottage where we spent the night. I awoke suddenly about midnight and found that a tremendous gale was raging, tearing up forest trees by their roots, devastating the plantations far and wide, and doing incalculable damage to buildings and crops, particularly coffee trees and plantain walks. At dawn of day when the fury of the Gale had in some degree subsided the devastated landscape presented an aspect truly dismal while not a sail was to be descried on the agitated ocean. The loss of lives has been very serious, several vessels have parted their cables and grounded in the Roads of the Saintes; of the crew of one of them, a Gardia Costa manned by thirty two sailors and officers, not an individual survives to recount the Tale. Fifteen days have now elapsed without a syllable of intelligence having transferred regarding the fate
1985
Howard & Howard, Lansdown Guilding 161
of the unfortunate schooner which I had chartered and on board were many objects invaluable in my estimation. But on these losses and others’ which a mere pecuniary investment (heavy indeed) in amount may replace gratitude for my merciful preservation and regret for the fate which I fear has befallen my companions forbid me a moment to dwell..."
To Hooker he wrote:
"I had the pleasure to find your kind favour of the 14 May and 17 Aug. awaiting my arrival here; I am glad to learn that my last packages had arrived in better order than the first I transmitted. I have had a great many difficulties and excuses’ to contend with; of which the written description would tire you; but your too partial estimate of my labour, though it makes me blush for having done so little, is a healing balm for my misfortunes -_ the last and most grevious [sic] of which remains to be announced.
"After selfishly shipping two packages from Barbados of St. Vincent and Trinidad Plants to your address (for it contained of course nothing with some very few exceptions that the indefatigable Guilding had not already sent you, in much finer order) I started on my tour through the archipelago, successively touching at St. Lucia, Martinique and Dominica, till I reached Guadeloupe, and disembarked at Basseterre on the forenoon of the 7th Sept. - on the afternoon of the same day, I _ started on an excursion to the finest of souffriéres (not perhaps excepting St. Vincent) in the whole volcanic range of the Antilles - but during the night a dreadful hurricane was experienced, which drove the vessel out to sea, and as_ she has not since been heard of, hardly a doubt remains as_ to her melancholy fate. With her have perished besides money, my entire wardrobe, and _ some valuable instruments, all my manuscripts, journals’ since I left England, descriptions and habitats of plants and animals; vocabularies of the languages of the native tribes; collections of splendid specimens of sulphur, and alum, and cwt. of carbonate of lime, from the sulfataras of St. Lucia and Dominica - and as large a lot of plants as my limited stay in these islands would permit me to collect. But it would ill become me to whine - gratitude for my own escape and regret for the untimely fate of my poor
162 ruiretweLtuees & Vol. 30, BGs 2
companions, absorb every other feeling. Compared with the losses that yourself and Raffles have experienced, mine shrinks into insignificance. The little box now sent contains plants from Guadeloupe, and if I except some rather nice mosses and Lycopodia, possessing little claim to notice, beyond their having been all compressed during a_ single evening..."
36. Sabine, Joseph, 1770-1837, FLS 1798
Succeeded Salisbury as honorary secretary of the Horticultural Society and received a gold medal for straightening out the accounts. He encouraged the organization of local societies and the dispatch of botanical collectors. Eventually he got the Society into debt and left the organization. He grew and distributed new and improved varieties of flowers and fruits.
37. Stewart, David, 1772-1829
Military officer who served with the West India Rangers in campaigns in St. Lucia and St. Vincent and against the Caribs. In 1829 he returned to St. Lucia as governor but died in office the same year.
38. Swainson, William, 1789-1855, FLS
Collected in Malta and Sicily before going to Brazil with Henry Koster. In 1807, at the request of the Liverpool museum, he wrote the "Instructions’' for Collecting and Preserving Subjects of Natural History” (published 1820). which was expanded into the "Naturalist 's. Guide™,..ing,g1l8223
39. Swan, Joseph, d. 1872 Engraver and printer of Glasgow's Trongate who did
almost all the plates for Hooker's "Exotic Flora" and "Icones Filicum" and many for The Botanical Magazine.
40. Swartz, Olof, 1760-1818
1985 Howard & Howard, Lansdown Guilding 163
A native of Sweden and a student of Linnaeus filius, Swartz collected in the West Indian islands of Jamaica and Haiti and studied these collections at the Banks herbarium in_ London. He published "Nova Genera et species plantarum seu Prodromus" (1787), "Observationes botanicae" (1791), and three volumes of a "Flora Indiae Occidentalis"™ between 1797 and 1804.
41. Rev. Mr. Taylor of Liverpool
Possibly Thomas Taylor, British botanist who published Muscologia Britannica with W. J. Hooker (1818). 42. Trail
Possibly Thomas Stewart Trail, 1781-1812, a member of the Wernerian Society and a zoologist who published works on monkeys, birds, and the big cats of Guyana.
43. "“Trentel"
Possibly the principal in the firm of Treuttel & Wurtz, one of the best known international booksellers and publishers of the 19th century. a4. Vieillot;. LL. Js. P.
Co-author with Jean Baptiste Audebert of "Oiseaux dorés ou a reflets métalliques" (1802).
45. Vigors, Nicholas Aylward, 1785-1840, FLS 1819 Studied and collected birds and insects. Helped
establish the Zoological Society, served as its first
secretary (1826-1833), and edited the Zoological Journal
from 1828 to 1835.
46. Willdenow, Carl Ludwig, 1765-1812
German botanist who edited the fourth edition of Linnaeus' Species Plantarum (1797-1810).
164 Pi HW! YuT. Ovky OG) 1A Vol. 58, No. 2 47. Williams, George, 1762-1834
Radcliffe (Oxford) librarian from 1810 until his death.
48. Wilson, Alexander, 1766-1813
Born in England and emigrated to the United States in 1794. Illustrated volumes 1-7 of "The American Ornithology” (1808-1813). Engravings by W. H. Lizars are prefixed to a later edition.
49. Wilson, James, 1795-1856
A zoologist who wrote on birds and whales but who is best known for his work on insects. The minutes of the Wernerian Sociey for February 5, 1831, record:
"The secretary read an account, communicated by the Reverend Lansdown Guilding of St. Vincent's, of a new and beautiful species of West India Moth, called by him Attacus wilsonii (in honour of Mr. James Wilson, librarian of the Society and a distinguished entomologist). A fine coloured drawing of the perfect insect, of both species, with the larva and cocoon was exhibited to the meeting." (Mem. Wern. Soc. 6: 578. 1831)
50. Woodford, Sir Ralph, fl. 1813-1820
Governor of Trinidad 1813-1818. He sent plants’ to W. J. Hooker, who named the orchid Bletia woodfordii (= Phaius woodfordii (Hook.) Merr.) for him. Phaius 1S a genus from Asia. Hooker (Bot. Mag. 54: pl. 2719. 1827) reported the plant from Woodford in Trinidad was sent to Kew. The drawing may represent the type, or there may be a specimen in Glasgow.
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