x | ; ; Z UGA ) bee Lg fi iS jw? f hes a ge tf . - PHYTOLOGIA . j ig An international journal to expedite botanical and phytoecological publication - Vol. 58 November 1985 No. 6 CONTENTS SILBA, J., A supplement to the international census of OES EE OR PREG ES Sa | SA gE) Bah eater BGR SERN Sang Dan gr SAME FARE Be in 365 CALDERON DE RZEDOWSKI, G., & RZEDOWSKI, J., Sisyrinchium conzattii (Iridaceae), una neuva especie de las altas montanas del centro de Mexico..............ccceeeceeececsceecceeseees 371 KOGFS:D::& SANCHEZ VEGA, I., Eragrostis mexicana, E. neomexicana, E. orcuttiana, and E. virescens: the resolution GE AOKI TION fo Ok Rak by da no ead sade onde tte dete ha fb WEBER, W.A., New names and combinations, principally in the: Hecks:, Morton flard Vico eck oleh hee de tesa de seb ed sees 382 WEBER, W.A., & WITTMANN, R., Additions to the flora or Bio's) 7011) Meee Wy, GORA ANS tera ay bar Be Pa BE Oe See oe 8 ee eae Nee TR AT Set 385 TURNER, B.L., A new species of Tetrachyron (Asteraceae - Heliantheae), from. Oaxaca, ‘Mexiéo. 3. kis ce Aoek pha lesa he akes 389 ¢ SAGASTEGUI-ALVA, A., & DILLON, M.O., New species and combinations in Belloa (Inuleae -Asteraceae).................2.22005: 392 MOLDENKE, H.N., Notes on the genus Clerodendrum (Werleniecae) 5 Gee ate eet Bi he ang ie or See a Rs ee alk 401 MOLDENKRE: A: Lb: Book/Revieuws. aia ae ae Loe ale 427 Published by Harold N. Moldenke and Alma L. Moldenke 590 Hemlock Avenue N.W. Corvallis, Oregon 97330 U.S.A. Price of this number $3.00; for this volume $15.00 in advance or $16.00 after close of the volume; $5.00 extra to all foreign addresses and domestic dealers; 512 pages constitute a complete volume; claims for numbers lost in the mails must be made immediately after receipt of the next following number for free replacement; back volume prices apply if payment is received after a volume is closed. iv -* A SUPPLEMENT TO THE INTERNATIONAL CENSUS OF THE CONIFERAE, I. John Silba 198 W. Hoffman Ave., Lindenhurst, N.Y. 11757 In preparation for my forthcoming comprehensive taxonomic encyclopedia of the Coniferae a few nomenclatural changes will be made here. Further, several species names listed in my orig- inal checklist have now been published, therefore the citations of these names are listed here as well as a few corrections in citations listed in the original checklist. The purpose of this checklist is to be as comprehensive as possible and to base taxonomic distinctions on gross morpholog- ical characteristics which can clearly be seen in the field. My own concept of a species is a taxon which is easily separated by gross morphological characteristics in the field, such as differences in growth patterns (crowns), bark, bud, leaf charac- teristics (shape, texture, duration, structure of the apex), male cones (number of scales, shapes of microsporophylls), female cones (arrangement,duration, umbos), seeds (shape and color) and cotyledons (number, size, apex structure). It is a combination of these characteristics that makes a species. I will expand further on this in my forthcoming monograph. I do not think a species should be based only on chemotaxonomic differences which can not be easily used on hand in the field as some botanists do. Chemotaxonomic characteristics can help a biologist to understand the biological make-up of a species, however these statistics have little value if they can not be easily and clearly defined in a consistent manner in the field without the use of a transportable laboratory. The nomenclatural changes and new citations are as follows : ABIES A. delavayi (Van Tiegh.,) Franch. This is a highly variable species in the field. Chinese and European botanists are still naming new species which are most likely based on scattered relic populations of this single species. I had originally recognized A. beshanzuensis Wu as a distinct species on the basis of its brown female cones. However, I have no idea whether this material was based on mature specimens and have serious doubts that it was a mature specimen. Typical A. delavayi has bluish-black female cones with hidden bracts, 365 366 POYTELeecisé Vol. 58, No. however the bracts are yellowish at first and in some instances may give the cone a brownish cast in the immature state. The general characteristics of A. beshanzuensis well agree with typical A. delavayi. A similar case is that of Pseodotsuga sinensis Dode with scat- tered populations growing in Eastern China and Taiwan, which were onced viewed as separate species. However, when a wide range of specimens are available to examine it can clearly be seen that there is really only one variable species. A. pindrow var. brevifolia Dallim. et Jacks. "Gamble Fir" Handb. Conif. 1: 126, f.25 (1923) = A. gamblei Hickel, Bull. Dendr. Soc. France. 37 (1939). A“distinct variant with short spirally arranged leaves and redd- ish-brown branchlets from N. India (Garwhal). Recognized as a distinct species by Keith Rushforth (E). A. recurvata var. ernestii (Rehd.) Rushf., Not. R.B.G. Edinb. 41(3): 539 (1984). This taxon was formerly recognized as A. chensiensis var. ernestii (Rehd.) Liu. However, its genera] characteristics agree with A. recurvata Mast. in the color and size of the female cone. The leaves of this taxon are different from the typical variety in that the apex is notched and they are less recurved. DACRY DIUM D. cornwallii De Laub., Fl. Males. (1986, in press). Formerly listed as D. nidulum var. araucarioides De Laub., though very distinct in its Araucaria-like foliage. DECUSSOCARPUS D. nagi var. formosensis (Dummer) Silba, comb. nova. "Kankao Decussoberry". ne formosensis Dummer, Gard. Chron. III. 52: 295 1912). A distinct variant from S. Taiwan with narrow lanceolate leaves. JUNIPERUS J. barbadensis var. urbaniana (Pilg. et Ekm.) Silba, Phytologia : 340 (1984). A distinct variant with quadrangular branchlet systems and sharply acute leaves with an acuminate apex. Native to S.W. 6 1985 Silba, A supplement 367 Haiti and W. Dominican Republic, possibly endangered. J. flaccida var. martinezii (Perez de la Rosa) Silba, comb. nova. ~ =), martinezii Perez de la Rosa, Phytologia 57(2): 81, f.1 (1985). A scarcely distinct taxon named from Jalisco, very similar to typical J. flaccida Schl. in general characteristics. Said to have gray-green foliage, however collections of J. flacc- ida from N. Mexico also have grayish foliage. The only consistent difference seems to be the smaler female cone with fewer seeds. J. sabinioides (H.B.K.) Nees, Linnea 19: 706 (1847), replaces the name . monticola Mart. according to Johnston in Taxon 34: 505 (1985). PICEA P. maximowiczii var. senanensis Hayashi, was first validly published in Tax. Stud. Jap. Conif. 55 (1960). P. shirasawae Hayashi, was first validly published in Tax. Stud. Jap. Conif. 55 (1960). PINUS P. brutia var. eldarica (Medw.) Silba, comb. nova. =P. eldarica Medw., Act. Hort. Tifl. 6.2. 21, f. (1903). This combination was not validly published by Magini et Tulstr. in FAO For. Develop. Pap. 5 (1955). This taxon differs mainly in its shorter stiffer leaves. P. brutia var. pithyusa (Stev.) Silba, comb. nova =P. pithyusa Stev., Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Moscou 11: 49 (1838). This combination was not validly published by Magini et Tulstr. (1955, 1.c.). A distinct variant with longer, more twisted leaves from a distinct geographic region. P. culminicolor var. discolor (Bail. et Hawkws.) Silba, “Phytologia 56(7): 490 (1985). Formerly included with P. culmin- icola Andr. et Beam. or with P. cembroides Zucc. ex K. Bay.. distinct variant which is more tree-like rather than a shrub and it is often dioecious. P. culminicolor var. johannis (M.F. Rob.) Silba, Phytologia 56 (7): 491 (1985). Formerly included with P. culminicola or with P. cembroides. A distinct variant with loose flaky bark and trees are usually strongly three-leaved. 368 PHYTOLOG 1:A Vol. 58, No. P. occidentalis var.baorucoensis Silba, var. nova a "Hispaniola Pine" Arbor ad 10 m. alta. Vaginae persistens, 10-11 mm. longae. Folia 5 in fasciculo, 13-15.5 cm. longa, 1.2 mm. lata, rigida. Strobili feminei ovoidei-conici, 6.5-7 em. longi; apophyses ovata, tumidus, prominentis. Dominican Republic : Pedernales Prov., Sierra de Baoruco, near Aceitillar, 5-14-1976, W.S. Judd 1487 (Holotype : A); Santiago Prov., La Diferencia, 625 m. alt., 6-7-1976, W.S. Judd 1349 (Paratype : A). Haiti : Fond Varettes, near Mission, 1000 m., 4-21-1920, E.C. Leonard 3767 (GH). A distinct variant with needles consistently in fives, or rarely fours, and by its female cones with swollen, sometimes protuberant apophses with a fine, upcurved, prominent spine. P. patula var. jaliscana (Perez de 1a Rosa) Silba, comb. nova. =P. jaliscana Perez de la Rosa, Phytologia 54(5): 290-291, f. 1 (1983). A scarcely distinct taxon, differing in its grayish-red bark divided into plates and its grayish-brown, non-curved female cones. The general characteristics of this taxon, including crown characteristics and foliage well agree with typical P. patula Schiede et Deppe. P. pentaphylla var. himeokomatsu (Miyabe et Kudo) Makino, was first validly published in I}lustr. Fl. Nippon. 903, pl. 2709 (1940). P. pseudostrobus var. alpulcensis (Lind].) Mart. 5 estevesii (Mart.) Perry was reduced to synonymy with this taxon by Stead and Styles in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 89(3): 249-275 (1984) on the basis of quantitative morphological data. P. wangii Hu et Cheng. = P. kwangtungensis Chun et Tsiang A variable taxon endemic to Yunnan, Kwangtung, Kwangsi and Hunan. The taxon named P. kwangtungensis formerly included under P. morrisonicola Hayata, is identical to typical P. wangii in its short flattened leaves. Pinus wangii may only be a variant of the much confused and rarer ae PEALE Hand. -Mzt. which differs in its longer, finer leaves. PODOCARPUS P. atjehensis (Wassch.) De Laub., was published in Blumea 30 2p SFA) 985) 1985 Silba, A supplement P. amabilis (Nelson) Rehder is the correct name for the "Golden Larch” as stated in Taxon 29(2-3): 315-317 (1980), and not P. kaempferi (Lind].) Gord. as suggested by Bailey in Hortus borneensis De Laub., 1.c., 266 (1985). brassii var. humilis De Laub., 1.c., 274 (1985). confertus De Laub., 1.c., 271 (1985). degeneri (Gray) De Laub., 1.c., 271 (1985). fasciculus De Laub., 1.c., 277 (1985). globulus De Laub., 1.c., 269 (1985). grayi De Laub., 1.c., 275 (1985). . hispaniolensis De Laub., Moscosoa 3: 149-150 (1984). insularis De Laub., Blumea 30(2): 268 (1985). . laubenfelsii Tiong, Blumea 29(2): 523 (1984). micropedunculatus De Laub., Blumea 30(2): 268 (1985). rubens De Laub., 1.c., 266 (1985). smithii De Laub.,].c., 257 (1985). spathoides De Laub., 1.c., 267 (1985). . Subtropicalis De Laub., 1.c., 277 (1985). . transiens (Pilg.) De Laub., 1.c., 259 (1985). PSEUDOLARIX Third (1979). The name published by Gordon in Pinetum : (1858) is a nomen confusum. T. distichum var. imbricarium (Nutt.) Croom, Cat. Pl. New. Bern, N.C. 30 (1837) replaces the name T. distichum var. nutans Sweet which is a nomen confusum according to Watson TAXODIUM 369 370 PHY @@ UO GI A Vol. 58, No. 6 in Taxon 34: 506-509 (1985). TSUGA Additional notes on T. argyrophylla (Chun et Kuang) De Laub. et Silba. This taxon was formerly classified in its own genus (Cathaya). Although it is relatively distinct from most other Isuga species, let us consider the related T. mertensiana (Bong. ) Carr. which has juvenile leaves in seedlings that are relatively long for a Tsuga species. Also, T. mertensiana unlike any other Tsuga has quadrangular leaves that are spirally arranged, therefore the distinctions between T. argyrophylla and other Tsuga species are not much greater than those of T. mertensiana when compared to other Tsuga species.De Laubenfels (pers. comm., 1984) states that T. argyrophylla should be placed in the same section of Tsuga (hespero euce) that T. mertensiana is in. Gaussen (Trav. Lab. For. aur II. 1966) recognized close affinities in pollen structures between Cathaya and Tsuga. Additional Note Many Mexican botanists have not excepted the name Cupressus lusitanica Mill. for the widespread species of Cupressus in Mexico and the trees long cultivated in Portugal. De Laubenfels explains (pers. comm., 1984) that most Cupressus in Mexico grow in sunny locations, however there are some populations of this widespread weeping cypress that grow in the shade in Mexico. De Laubenfels suggests that the trees grown in Portugal were probably collected from trees growing in shaded areas in Mexico. Therefore, since C. lusitanica more commonly grows in the sunny locations in Mexico it seems probable that most Mexican botanists have not had the opport- unity to compare material growing in the rarer shaded areas to material in Portugal. I do not believe there is any significant taxonomic differences in the shady or sunny populations of Cupressus in Mexico and see no reason why the name C. lusitan- ica Mill. should not be accepted for the widespread species in Mexico. SISYRINCHIUM CONZATTII (IRIDACEAE), UNA NUEVA ESPECIE DE LAS ALTAS MONTANAS DEL CENTRO DE MEXICO® GRACIELA CALDERON DE RZEDOWSKI**,*** Y JERZY RZEDOWwSKI®* SUMMARY On the basis of specimens collected in the State of Mexico and in Distrito Federal at altitudes above 3300 m Sisyrinchium conzattii is described as news This taxon differs from other congeneric species in the combination of the following characters: flowers yellow with a dark purple "eye" slender and unbranched habit with very narrow leaves, pedunculate spathes, subglobose seeds and presence of a fascicle of tuberous roots. En el proceso de la preparacién de la Flora Fanerog4mica del Valle de México el género Sisy- rinchium ha resultado ser de los m4s complicados y dificiles. Se trata de un grupo de cerca de 100 especies, distribuidas a lo largo de casi to da América, cuyo conocimiento taxonOmico se ha-— — lla todavia poco avanzado. Los limites de muchas especies no son f&ciles de percibir y, a semejan za de lo que sucede con tantas otras irid&ceas, los materiales de herbario dan una idea pobre y deformada de lo que realmente son las plantas. Con la ayuda de la bibliografia existente cuesta trabajo identificar los ejemplares, la aplica-- cién de muchos nombres es incierta y como secue la de todas estas circunstancias, a pesar de lo =S oS ee Soe Se Se SS ee *Trabajo parcialmente subvencionado por el Conse jo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologfa. **Instituto de Ecologia, A.C., Centro Regional del Bajfo. Apartado postal 386. 61600 P&tzcuaro, Michoa- cén, México. ***Laboratorio de Bot&nica Fanerog4mica. Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biolégicas. I.P.N. Méxi- co, D.F. Becaria de la C.0.F.A-A. del Institu to Politécnico Nacional. 371 PAP YT Ok OeGe IMA Vol. 58, No. atractivo de las flores, aun los colectores ex-- perimentados a menudo no se sienten inclinados a recoger Sisyrinchium en el campo, por lo que el grupo tampoco se encuentra adecuadamente repre-- sentado en los herbarios. Con tales antecedentes se abord& el género para la regién mediante: a) la realizaci6én de un intenso trabajo de campo, buscando sacar el] mayor provecho posible de observaciones de las plantas en vivo y en su medio natural, y b) el examen de una gran cantidad de ejemplares de herbario de todo México, de Centroamérica e inclusive de al- gunos materiales sudamericanos. Como resultado de tal esfuerzo de aproxima- cién se concluyS que Sisyrinchium est4 represen- tado en el Valle de México al menos por 10 espe- cies claramente diferentes entre s{, de las cua- les 4 no habfan sido registradas antes para la regién. A su vez, de estas cuatro para una no se ha podido encontrar ningfin nombre que, siquiera tentativa o provisionalmente, pudiera aplicarse y por consiguiente, aun con renuencia, se le des- cribe a continuaci6n como nueva. Se aprovechan estas l{neas para agradecer cumplidamente a los siguientes herbarios: A, CAS, CHAPA, DS, ENEPI, G, GH, MEXU, MO, MSC, NY, US, WIS, el préstamo de numerosos ejemplares solici- tados. Se debe un reconocimiento especial también al Dr. Peter H. Raven, director del Jardin Bot&- nico de Missouri, por su ayuda en la obtenci6n de algunos materiales bibliogr&ficos. | Sisyrinchium conzattii Calderén & Rzedowski sp.n. Herba perennis, gracilis, erecta vel leviter flexuosa, glabra, usque ad 50 cm alta; radices fasciculatae, numerosae, aliquae breves carnosaeque, ceterae longae tenuesque, filiformes; caulis simplex, gracilis, quadrangularis, anguste alatus; folia linearia vel filiformia, usque ad 2 mm lata, maximam partem basalia, caulinaria pauca, ad inflorescentiam pertinentia, spathae bractearum aliquot similia; tepala ad basim minime connata, oblonga, +1 cm longa, lutea, macula basali atropurpurea, secus nervos longitudinales (1 vel plures) extensa; androecium gynoeciumque aeque 1985 Calderon de Rzedowski & Rzedowski, Una nueva especie 373 atropurpurea; fructus ellipsoideus, glaber, saepe purpureus; semina subglobosa, circa 1 mm diametro. Planta herb4&cea perenne, glabra o practica- mente glabra, erecta o algo flexuosa, de (12) 20 a 40 (50) cm de alto; de aspecto delicado; raices fasciculadas por lo general numerosas, unas cortas y carnosas de =1 cm de largo por -0.5 cm de grueso con la porcién distal a veces larga y filiforme, otras muy largas, filiformes; tallo esbelto, cua- drangular, por lo comin ligeramente alado, recto o a veces geniculado, por lo general saliendo uno (o pocos) por individuo, sin ramificar en las par- tes inferior y media, con frecuencia en su base se observar. numerosas fibrillas dirigidas hacia arriba; hojas disticas, la mayorfa (2 a 4) saliendo desde la base, m&s cortas que la altura de la planta, fi- nas, lineares a filiformes, desiguales entre st, variando en longitud de (5) 10 a 20 (40) cm y hasta de 2 mm de ancho, pero por lo general de 1 mm o me- nos, las bases envainantes, hojas caulinares con frecuencia reducidas a una sola, situada en la base de la (o las) espata, algo semejarnte a las br&cteas, de 1.5 a 4 (=12) cm de largo por 2 (=4) mm de ancho en la base y menos de 1 mm hacia la punta, que sue- le ser muy fina; espatas 1 6 2 (=4), pedunculadas, con br&cteas subiguales o desiguales, de 2 @ 2.5 cm de largo, escariosas o moradas en los bordes, con una sola flor abierta por espata, pero acompajsiada por lo general por 1a 5 frutitos en distintos gra- dos de madurez, sobre finos pedicelos morados, has- ta de 1.5 cm de largo; flores hagta de 2 (2.5) cm de di&metro, tépalos unidos por =1 mm en la base, oblongos, de +4 cm de largo, amarillos con una man- cha de color morado obscuro en la base, que se ex- tiende a lo largo de una o varias venas; androceo por lo genera} con todas las piezas moradas, tubo estaminal de =1 mm de largo, filamentos subulados, de unos 3 mm de largo, anteras de 2.5 a 3 mm de lar go por 0.2 a 0.4 mm de ancho; gineceo morado, ova- rio alargado, glabro, la base unida de los estilos apenas sobresaliendo del tubo estaminal, las porcio nes libres subuladas, de 5 a 7 mm de largo, con fre cuencia curvadas y de aspecto flexible, a veces ama rillentas o blanquecinas hacia el Spice; frutos a menudo morados, glabros, elipsoides, de (4) 6a 7 ma de largo por 3 a 4 mm de ancho, después de la de== hiscencia se reducen a unos 4 mm de largo por 3 mm de ancho; semillas de color café-cobrizo obscuro, 374 Poti MT, OtknOoGch A Vo? .°58;5.-No% subglobosas, de cerca de 1 mm de di&metro. TIPO: MEXICO. ESTADO DE MEXICO. Alrededores del Llano Grande, arriba de San Rafael, munici- pio de Tlalmanalco; bosque de Pinus hartwegii; alt. 3600 m; 19.VIII.1984; Rzedowski 35463 (ENCB). Otras colecciones examinadas: DISTRITO FE- DERAL: Llano de la Cieneguilla, arriba del De- sierto de los Leones, delegacién de Cuajimalpa; bosque de Pinus hartwegii y claros adyacentes; alt. 3400 m; PeSeeULEF Rzedowski 38276 (ENCB). ESTADO DE MEXICO. Nevado de Toluca, on north side of mtn; above timberline in alpine meadow; 9.1X.1957; Beaman 1705 (MSC, GH). Estacién Ex- perimental de Investigaci6én y Ensefanza de Zoquia- pan, 8 km al S de Rio Frio, municipio de Ixtapaluca; bosque de Pinus y Alnus; 23,X.1975; Koch 75663 (CHAPA). Ibice3; alt. 3250-3350 m; 21.V11.1978; Vega Avina 335 (CHAPA). Cerca del Puerto del Oso, municipio de Jiquipilco; bosque de Pinus hartwegii; alt. 3400 m; 31.VIII.1983; Rzedowski 36213 (ENCB). Alrededores del Llano Grande, arriba de San Ra- fael, municipio de Tlalmanalco; bosque de Pinus hartwegiis alt. 3600 m; 7.1X.1983; Rzedowski 38257 CENCB). Ibid.; zacatonal; 2.XII.1984; Rzedowski 38509 (ENCB). Se conzattii parece estar restringido en su distribucioén a las altas montafias del Estado de México y del Distrito Federal, con muchas probabi lidades de existir también en zonas adyacentes de Puebla y tal vez de Morelos. En el Nevado de Tolu ca se ha registrado por encima del limite de la vegetacién arbérea (probablemente a m&s de 4000 mM S.eN.m.), mientras que las colectas restantes marcan un intervalo altitudinal de =3300 a 3600 m. En estos ambientes S. conzattii convive con cier- ta frecuencia con S. quadranguiatum Klatt, con S. tenuifolium willd. y con S. tolucense Peyr. En un grupo tan deficientemente conocido y comprendido como es Sisyrinchium es aventurado ha cer conjeturas acerca de posibles parentescos entre las especies, pero caben aqui los siguientes comen tarios. 1985 Calderon de Rzedowski & Rzedowski, Una nueva especie 375 Se conzattii comparte con muchos individuos de S. tenuifolium (sobre todo de las poblaciones de alta montana) el carScter del centro ("ojo") morado obscuro de la flor, pero difiere de este Gitimo taxon en sus ovarios y frutos glabros y sobre todo en el h&bito esbelto y no ramificado de la planta. De las poblaciones locales de S. tolucense, la especie nueva se diferencia igqual- mente en el hébito as{ como en el tamafio mayor de los individuos y en la presencia del “ojo” morado. Morfoldgica y ecologicamente algo similar a S. conzattii resulta asimismo S. johnstonii Stand]., conocido de las altas montafias de Chiapas y Guatemala, aunque discrepa en el color blanco con lineas azules de sus flores, en sus hojas m&s anchas, asi como en las espatas sésiles o subsésiles. Otra especie, S. pringlei Rob. & Greenm. (registrada de Durango a Jalisco y Michoa c4n) es parecida en el h&bito esbelto y en las ho jas muy angostas a S. conzattii, pero carece del "ojo" obscuro de la fior, también tiene las espa- tas s&siles o subsésiles y vive a menos de 3000 m de altitud. Finalmente es interesante hacer notar que S. conzattii difiere por sus semillas subglobosas de S. tenuifolium y S. tolucense (que las tienen céncavo-convexas), en cambio en ta] carActer se asemeja a S. quadrangulatum y a S. arizonicum Rothr. Los dos Ultimos taxa carecen, sin embargo, de raices tuberosas, propias de todas las dem&s especies anteriormente mencionadas. NO se cConoce la forma de las semillas de S. johnstonii ni de S. pringlei. El nombre de la especie est& dedicado a la memoria del Profesor Cassiano Conzatti (1862-1951), que siendo de origen italiano, hizo de México su patria adoptiva y siendo maestro de escuela de for macién, hizo de los estudios botAnicos su verdade- ra pasién. Public& varios libros, algunos de su propio peculio, como es el] caso de la limitada edicién (1939 y 1943) de los 2 primeros volGmenes de su obra cumbre intitulada "Flora Taxonémica Mexicana", que consta de 14 tomos manuscritos, en su gran mayorfa inéditos, a pesar de que desde 1981 se han dado nuevos pasos para publicarla. 376 FRY TUL eee Vol. 58, No. Aun cuando pas& muchos afios de su vida en Oaxaca, también explor& y colect& plantas en el Valle de México. Especi{ficamente en 1922 se ocu pS del estudio de la flora del Valle de Teoti- huac&én, cuyos resultados se imprimieron como parte de "La pobla¢ién del Valle de Teotihuac4n". editada en varios tomos por la Secretaria de Agricultura y Fomento. 6 ERAGROSTIS MEXICANA, E. NEOMEXICANA, E. ORCUTTIANA, AND E. VIRESCENS: THE RESOLUTION OF A TAXONOMIC PROBLEN Stephen D. Koch Centro de Botanica, Colegio de Postgraduados, 56230 Chapingo, Edo. de México, México Isidoro Sanchez Vega Departamento de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Técnica de Cajamarca, Cajamarca, Pera Abstract Enagnostis mexicana, E. neomexicana, E. orcuttiana, and E. virescens are united into a single species, E. mexicana, which is divided into subsp. mexicana and subsp. virescens. The last is a new combina- tion. Among the American species of Eragrostis, there is a group of four closely related species distinguished from the rest of the ge- nus by an annual, weedy habit, a chromosome number of 2n = 60, flo- wers with three stamens, and caryopses which are rectangularly pris- matic, flat to prominently sulcate dorsally, and dark brown and re- ticulate on the surface. These species are E. mexicana (Hornen.) Link (including E. £imbata Fourn.), E. neomexicana Vasey, E. oracut- tlana Vasey, and E. vanescends Presl. Together, these four species are distributed contiguously from the southwestern United States, through Central America and western South America, to Argentina and Chile. E. mexicana and E. neomex- cana have coincident distributions from southeastern California to Texas and south through Mexico, Central America, and northern South America. E. orcuttiana is restricted to California and adjacent parts of Nevada, and E. virescens is found on the eastern and wes- tern slopes of the Andes, from the equator to central Argentina and Chile, and in Uruguay, adjacent Argentina, and southeastern Brazil. In addition, all four species have been introduced at scattered lo- cations around the world, but apparently they do not persist. Judging from the number of misidentified specimens in herbaria these species have been a persistent source of taxonomic difficulty. This is especially true of E. mexicana and E. neomexicana in the southwestern United States and Mexico, and of E. neomexicana and E. vénescens in northern South America. These difficulties have led to varying taxonomic treatments of E. mexicana and E. neomexicana. 377 378 PHY TOL DG dR Vol. 58, No. 6 Hitchcock (1950) and Harvey (1948), among others, regard them as distinct species, but McVaugh (1983), Beetle (1977), and Harvey (1975) unite them. E. vAénescends and E. orcuttiana have always been considered distinct from each other and from E. mexicana and E. neo- mexicana. In order to clarify the status of these species and their re- lationships, the group was recently subjected to a detailed study (Sanchez 1979) that showed that all four species are best united under E, mexicana, with E. mexicana and E. neomexicana constituting one subspecies, and E. orcuttiana and E. virescens another. The objective of the present paper is to present a brief summary of the results and to make available the new combination they require. A more detailed version, in Spanish, is in preparation. Eragrostis mexicana (Hornem.) Link Caespitose annuals, 10-130 cm tall. Culms sometimes with a ring of glandular depressions’ beneath the nodes, these sometimes coalescing to form a continuous band. Leaf sheaths with or without glandular depressions on the principal and sometimes secondary ner- ves, papillose-pilose along the upper margins. Leaf blades 5-25 cm long, 3-7 mm wide, occasionally pilose below toward the base, rarely with glands on the abaxial side of the midrib. Inflorescence an open panicle (5-)10-40 cm long, 2-18 cm wide, sometimes with glan- dular depressions beneath the nodes and on the branches and pedi- cels. Pedicels divergent, scabrous, longer or shorter than the spikelets. Spikelets ovate to linear in outline, grey-green to pur- ple, 4.0-9.5 mm long, 0.7-2.4 mm wide, with 5-13(-15) florets; ra- chillas persistent at maturity. Glumes deciduous at maturity, lan- ceolate, subequal, the lower 0.7-2.0(-2.3) mm long, the upper slightly longer. Lemmas ovate, acute, deciduous at maturity, gla- brous or occasionally with a few hairs, 1.2-2.5 mm long. Paleas slightly shorter than the lemmas, persistent at maturity. Stamens 3; anthers purple, 0.2-0.4 mm long. Caryopses 0.5-1.0 m long, dark brown, reticulate, ovoid to rectangular-prismatic, laterally compressed, shallowly to deeply sulcate on the dorsal side. Chro- mosome number 2n = 60. Habitat: Recently disturbed sites and cultivated fields in tempe- rate semiarid zones. Key to Subspecies Spikelets ovate to oblong in outline, more than 1.4 mm wide; lower glume 1.2-2.3 mm long; sum of spikelet width and lower glume length 2.6-4.7 mm..... Ries! oeoscti Sete cRshe. E26 yo. ae 7. ..subsp. mexicana Spikelets linear to linear-lanceolate, less than 1.5 mm wide; lower glume 0.7-1.7 mm long; sum of spikelet width and lower glume length 1.4-3.2 WM cccececcesseeeceeevncce eeeeee#es ‘io ddeid. Seen equbepe varescens 1985 Koch & Sanchez Vega, Eragrostis 379 Eragrostis mexicana (Hornem.) Link subsp. mexicana Poa mexscana Hornemann, Hort. Hafn. 2:953. 1815. Type unknown. Harvey (1948) considered specimens in MA grown from seed sent by Sessé and Mocino as typical. Eragrostis mexicana (Hornem.) Link, Hort. Berol. 1:190. 1827. Eragrostis Limbata Fournier, Mex. Pl. 2:116. 1886. Eragrostis neomexicana Vasey. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 2:542. 1894. TYPE: U.S.A.: New Mexico: Organ Mountains, in 1881, G.R. Vasey 4.n. (lectotype [here designated]: U.S. Natl. Herb. no. 1761631, US!; isolectotypes: U.S. Natl. Herb. no. 822049 and 909912, US!). Plants frequently with glandular depressions on the culms, leaf sheaths and blades, and axis, branches and pedicels of the panicle. Otherwise differing from subsp. virescens by the characters used in the key. ' Distribution: From southeastern Califormia to Texas and south through Mexico, Central and South America to approximately the equa tor; absent from the Amazon Basin. The two elements that constitute this subspecies have been se- parated on the basis of spikelet color, plant height, and the pre- sence or absence of glandular depressions beneath the culm nodes. E. mexicana consists of small (15-50 cm tall), eglandular plants with purple spikelets, and E. neomexicana comprises robust plants (75-120 cm tall) with grey-green spikelets and glands beneath the culm nodes and sometimes elsewhere. Examination of more than 1000 herbarium specimens demonstrated continuous variation in all these characters, although plants with purple spikelets tended to be sma- ller than those with grey-green spikelets. On the other hand, it was found to be relatively easy to clas- sify populations in the field: they consisted of either small plants with purple spikelets (E. mexicana) or larger plants with grey-green spikelets (E. neomexicana). However, it was also obser- ved that the populations of small plants with purple spikelets were growing on poor sites with hard, compact soils, while those of lar- ger plants with grey-green spikelets grew mainly in cultivated fields. This suggests that the two phenotypes are responses to dif- ferent ecological situations. This was borne out by growing in the greenhouse plants from seed from both types of parents. All pro- duced robust plants with grey-green or purple-tinged spikelets. A search for other characters which would be useful in sepa- rating E. mexicana and E. neomexicana proved futile. 380 Po Yo 0 to Or Gena Vol. 58, No. 6 Eragrostis mexicana subsp. virescens (Presl) S.D. Koch et 1. San- chez V., comb. nov. Based on E. virescens Presl. Enagrostis vinescens Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1:276. 1830. TYPE: Chile, Haenke 4.n. (holotype: PR; fragments: US!). Exragrnostis orcuttiana Vasey, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 1:269. 1893. TYPE: U.S.A. California: Chollus Valley, San Diego, Aug. 1885, Orcutt 1313 (holotype: U.S. Natl. Herb. no. 1761633, US!) Plants with glandular depressions absent or beneath the culm nodes only. Otherwise differing from subsp. mexicana by the characters mentioned in the key. Distribution: In North America, restricted to California and adja- cent counties of Nevada; in South America, along the western slopes of the Andes from Ecuador to Chile, in the Andean regions of Bolivia and Argentina, and in southeastern Brazil, Uruguay and adjacent Ar- gentina. E. oncuttiana and E. virescens have rarely been compared be- cause of their widely disjunct distributions. The character used by Harvey (1948) to distinguish them, spikelets with more or fewer than eight florets was found to be ineffective since floret number varied between 5 and 12 in both areas. A search for other differen- ces correlated with the different geographical areas gave negative results. The most outstanding characteristic of this subspecies is its distribution, which conforms to a well-known pattern of disjunction between South America and California (e.g., Raven 1972). In this case it is believed that the Californian element probably resulted from introduction from South America by man, probably in Spanish colonial times. This subspecies and subsp. mexicana intergrade in their area of contact in northerm South America (but not in the contact zone in North America). This makes their separation some what arbitrary in this region, and it is one reason these two taxa are relegated to the category of subspecies. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors thank the Organization of American States for its finan- cial support of the second author; the curators of the following herbaria for the loan of specimens: CAS, DS, ENCB, F, GH, MEXU, MICH, MO, MVFA, POM, RSA, SGO, SMU, TAES, TEX, UC, and US; and the Centro de Botanica, Colegio de Postgraduados, for financial support and the use of its facilities. 1985 Koch & Sanchez Vega, Enagnostis 381 LITERATURE CITED Beetle, A.A. 1977. Noteworthy grasses from Mexico. Phytologia 37: 317-407. Harvey, L.H. 1948. Eragrostis in North and Middle America. Ph.D. thesis, University of Michigan. Xerox University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan. Publ. 967. 1975. Enagnostis. Pp. 171-201 in F.W. Gould, The Grasses of Texas. The Texas A & M University Press, College Station, Texas. Hitchcock, A.S. 1950. Manual of the Grasses of the United States. Ed. 2, rev. A. Chase. U.S. Dept. Agric. Misc. Publ. 200. Washington, D.C. McVaugh, R. 1983. Flora Novo-Galiciana 14. Gramineae. The Univer- sity of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Raven, P.H. 1972. Plant species disjunctions: a summary. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 59(2):234-246. Sanchez V., I. 1979. Estudio biosistematico de Eragrostis mexicana (Hornem.) Link, E. neomexicana Vasey, E. orcuttiana Vasey y E. vinescens Presl: Gramineae. M.S. thesis, Colegio de Postgra- duados, Chapingo, México, México. HEW NAMES AND COMBINATIONS, PRINCIPALLY IN THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FLORA--V William A. Weber University of Colorado Museum Campus Box 218, Boulder, CO 80309 The fourth paper in this series was published in Phytologia 55:1-11. 1984. AGROSTIS IDAHOENSIS Nash var. BAKERI (Rydb.) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Agrostis bakeri Rydb., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 36:532. 1909. Harrington (1954) followed Hitchcock (1935) in placing A. bakeri in synonymy under A. borealis Hartm. (=A. mertensii Trin- cf. Widen [1971]). Examination of Baker's type mumbers (RM) indi- cates that A. bakeri, except for the fact that some of the florets have a very inconspicuous straight awn, belongs with A. idahoen- sis. In fact, examination of A- idahoensis over its range shows that awns sometimes occur but may be overlooked. If the awned form of A. idahoensis is recognized at all, it probably should be at the varietal level. The A. “borealis” complex still needs much careful study on a world-wide basis. Collections from Roan Mountain, N.C.-., variously reported as A. rupestris Chapm. (non All.) and A. rubra var. ame- ricana Scribn. are morphologically wnlike A. borealis, wnder which Hitchcock placed it, and in fact key very near A. rupestris in Flora Europaea. It may be a local endemic. The Colorado popula- tions of A. borealis have a more closed panicle as in some Green- land and Kamtchatka collections, wnlike the open ones of Scandi- navian plants. ARTEMISIA IACINIATA Willd. ssp. PARRYI (A. Gray) W. A. Weber comb. nov. Artemisia parryi A- Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7:361. 1868. Hall (1923) was fascinated by the singularity of A- parryi, which he compared with A. macrobotrys Ledeb. The Alaskan plant that he referred to A. macrobotrys is now recognized as A. lacini- atiformis Komarov. Hall may not have seen material of the authen- tic Siberian A. laciniata Willd. If he had, he might have found even less difference between A. parryi and that species. The heads of A. laciniatiformis have more mmerous flowers (45-156) and a branch of the inflorescence tends to have only one capitu- lum, while in A. parryi and A. laciniata the heads are much small- er and the branches have several heads. The only qualitative dif- ference between them seems to be the mre distinctly apiculate tips of the ultimate leaf-divisions in the latter, a variable fea- ture in A- parryi and not obvious wnless one campares the two types directly. The habitat of A. parryi has never been mentioned in the lit- erature or on herbarium labels. In the Creede area, where Belle K. Stewart collected it several times at “Dry Gulch, near Wason, 382 1985 Weber, New names & combinations 38 9,000-10,000 ft. alt.” it forms spreading mats from thick ropy rhizomes crowned with numerous rosettes of deep green, almost glabrous leaves, among broken rocks and cobbles in the bottom of a narrow, dry streambed in the mouth of a ravine at the junction of the river valley and the mountain slopes. This is an wnusual habitat for an Colorado Artemisia, but precisely the habitat in which I collected A. laciniata several times in the Chuya River drainage in southern Siberia. Rather than being a southern isolated offshoot of the Alaskan A. laciniatiformis (Hall's macrobotrys), the Colorado plant repre- sents a much wider disjunction involving the more remotely distri- buted A. laciniata of northeastern and Middle Asia. However, this is not surprising, since the pattern of Rocky Mountain-Asiatic disjunction is already well established (see also Chondrophylla nutans). In fact, the western North American Artemisia frigida is also a very common plant in the Russian Altai. ATRIPLEX BRANDEGEI (A. Gray) Collotzi ex W. A. Weber, camb. nov. Grayia brandegei A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 11:101. 1876. ATRIPLEX GRAYI Collotzi ex W. A. Weber, mom. nov. Chenopo- dium ? spinosum Hook., Fl. Bor. Am. 2:127. 1840; Grayia spinosa (Hook. ) Moq. in DC., Prodr. 13. II. 119. 1840, non Atriplex spino- sum D. Dietr., Synopsis Plantarum 5:536. 1852. Collotzi (1966) developed compelling arguments for including Grayia within the genus Atriplex, but unfortunately his work was never published. CHONDROPHYLIA AQUATICA (L.) W. A. Weber, camb. nov. Gentiana agua-tica L-, Sp. Pec che 229 22 1753 This is, in fact, an earlier name for the Colorado plant that was called Gentiana fremontii Torr. (see discussion in the paper following in this issue). CHONDROPHYLIA MUTANS (Bunge) W. A. Weber, camb. nov. Gentia- na nutans Bunge, Fl. Altaica 1:244. 1829. For discussion of this species and its Colorado occurrence, see the paper following in this issue. CYLACTIS ARCTICUS (L.) Raf. ex Jackson ssp. ACAULIS (Michx.) W. A. Weber, comb. nov. Rubus acaulis Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 298.1803. CYLACTIS PUBESCENS (Raf.) W. A. Weber, camb. nov. Rubus pu- bescens Raf., Med.Rep. iii, 2, p- 333. 1811. EVTREMA EDWARDSII R. Br. ssp. PENIANDII (Rollins) W. A. Weber, comb. now. Eutrema penlandii Rollins, Contrib. Gray Herb. 171:51. 1950. MINUOPSIS W. A. Weber, genus nov. Based on Minuartia Sectio Pungentes Mattfeld, Bot. Jahrb. 57, Beibl. 126:28. 1921. Type species: Minuopsis nuttallii (Pax) W. A. Weber. 384 PAY EO YO oGek A Vol. 58, No. MINUOPSIS NUTTALLII (Pax) W. A. Weber, based on Arenaria nut- tallii Pax, Bot. Jahrb. 18:30, in obs. 1893. ant Arenaria pungens Nutt., in T. & G., Fl. N- Am. 1:179. 1838, non Clemente in Lagasca, Gen. et Spec. Plant. p. 15. 1838. Minuartia nuttallii (Pax) Briquet, Ann. Conserv. Jard. Bot. Geneve XIII-XIV:385. 1911. Alsinopsis occidentalis Heller, Muhlenbergia 8:96. 1912. Minuartia pungens (Nutt.) Mattfeld, Bot. Jahrb. 57, Beibl. 126::28. 1921. WOTTALLIA ARGILLOSA (Darlington) W. A. Weber, camb. nov. Mentzelia argillosa Darlington, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 21:153. 1934. POCILIA BILOBA (L.) W. A. Weber, camb. nov. Veronica biloba L., Mantissa Pl. 2:172. 1771. The genus Pocilla (Dum.) Fourr. in- cludes annuals with single axillary flowers and is cytologically distinct from Veronica by having the basic chromosome number of 7. SERIPHIDIUM VASEYANUM (Rydb.) W. A. Weber, camb. nov. Arte- misia vaseyana Rydb., N. Amer. Flora 34(3):283. 1916. TITHYMALUS SPATHULATUS (Lam.) W. A. Weber, camb. nov. Ev- phorbia spathulata Lam., Encycl. 2:428. 1788. URTICA GRACILIS Ait. ssp. HOLOSERICEA (Nutt.) W. A. Weber, comb. mov. Urtica holosericea Nutt., J. Acad. Phila. II, 1:183. 1848. LITERATURE CITED Collotzi, Albert William. 1966. Investigations in the genus Grayia based on chromatographic, morphological and embryological criteria. Masters Thesis, Utah State Univ., Logan, 38 pp. + 16 fig. (unpublished). Hall, Harvey Monroe & Frederic E. Clements. 1923. The North American species of Artemisia. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 326. 31-156. 23 plates. Harrington, H. D. 1954. Manual of the plants of Colorado. Sage Books, Denver. 666 pp. Hitehcock,.A= Se 1950. Manual of the grasses of the United States. U.S.D.A. Misc. Publ. 200. 1051 pp. Widén, K. G. 1971. The genus Agrostis in eastern Fenno- scandia: Taxonomy and distribution. Flora Fennica 5:109. ADDITIONS TO THE FLORA OF COLORADO--XI William A. Weber & Ronald Wittmann University of Colorado Museum Campus Box 218, Boulder, CO 80309 The tenth mumber of this series was published in Phytologia 55:11-13. 1984. Three-letter family acronyms are used, following Weber (Taxon 31:74-88. 1982). NEW RECORDS FOR COLORADO (INDIGENOUS TAXA) ARNICA ALPINA (L.) Olin ssp- TOMENTOSA (Macoun) Maguire, Madrono 6:153. 1942 (AST). PITKIN CO.-GUNNISON ©. BORDER: a col 1.5 mi S of Taylor Pass (along ridge to Taylor Peak), 12,650 ft- alt., on windswept bare clay flat with sparse vegetation (Chiono- phila jamesii), 3 Aug. 1980, 30 Aug. 1984, Katharine I. Matthews 491, 1745. Disjunct from Montana and northward. CHONDROPHYLLA NUTANS (Bunge) W. A. Weber (GEN). PITKIN-GUN- NISON CO. BORDER: ridge south of col, 1-5 mi S of Taylor Pass (along ridge to Taylor Peak), in Kobresia turf, 12,700 ft. alt., 29 Aug. 1984, K. I. Matthews 1744. SUMMIT CO.: tundra, W slope of Hoosier Ridge, 13,000 ft. alt., 31 Aug. 1948, Weber & Thornburg 4453. Aven Nelson proposed the genus Chondrophylla for two Rocky Mountain species, C. americana and C. fremontii- He felt that the C. prostrata of Eurasia differed from its American counterpart al- though he did not elaborate. C. americana is now generally recog- nized to be synonymous with ae prostrata rostrata Haenke, and C. fremontii is synonymous with C. aquatica (L.) Weber (Gillett 1963). The genus Ciminalis, which for a time was thought to include these species, is now reserved for a monotypic species of the Alps. In my Rocky Mountain Flora, ed. 5. 205. 1976, I reported what I considered specific differences between these taxa because in previous editions I had incorrectly synonymized fremontii under prostrata. Mrs. Aven Nelson (in litt.) had argued correctly that the taxa were indeed morphologically and ecologically quite dis- tinct and as I applied closer observation in the field I saw the merit of her case. Noel Holmgren, in Intermountain Flora, 4:8. 1984, listed my arguments for the distinctions, but concluded, however, "I have not found these characters so well correlated as Weber has sug- gested, and therefore recognize them as one species." In the Flora USSR (1967, Vol. 18 [English translation], pp- 420-429), C. prostrata and C. aquatica are placed (sub Gentiana) in Series Prostratae Grossh. and Series Aquaticae Grossh. These differ markedly in the former having the capsule linear-oblong, much longer than broad, and the latter having the capsule obovoid, not more than 4 times as long as broad (in C. aquatica it is "ob- 385 386 PHY TOLOGIA Vol. 58, No. ovoid-spherical"). I confess I was not aware of this additional distinction but in connection with the addition of C. nutans to the Colorado Flora I became aware of this strong qualitative dif- ference; it can be used to separate C.- prostrata and C. nutans, on the one hand (both of which have elongate capsules), from C. aqua- tica which has very short capsules that open widely to form an open two-lipped cup at maturity. Holmgren gives a range of capsule length in C.- prostrata as 4-7 (14) mm long, which suggests that he had both species and was lumping the variation range. This assumption is proven correct by reference to the plate on page 9 which shows a flowering branch with corolla and open capsule of C- prostrata, elongate and dehis- cing only at the apex (no explanation is given as to the parts shown). To the right of this figure is shown a capsule of C. aguatica, with its characteristic obovoid shape and deep dehis- cence. Captions indicate the stipe and the capsule. Clearly two taxa should be recognized in the Intermountain Flora. These observations were made in the course of study of an un- usual Chondrophylla discovered by Miss Matthews in her alpine studies in the Elk Mountains of Colorado. This population of plants differed from all other Colorado collections in having ex- tremely long, blackish stipes up to almost 3 cm long, and nodding flowers. This plant clearly belongs to Series Prostrata but dif- fers from C. prostrata in the characters mentioned, the latter having relatively short stipes that barely extend the capsule beyond the flower tube, and strictly erect flowers on relatively shorter stems. This material belongs to C. nutans (Bunge) Weber, heretofore known only from Asia! I had collected it myself in the type area of the headwaters of the Chuya River in southern Altai in Siberia and fortunately have good matching material in the herbarium. In working over our collections of C. prostrata from Colorado, I dis- covered another collection that I had made almost forty years ago on Hoosier Ridge. Thus the list of Middle Asiatic disjuncts in Colorado continues to grow. The treatment of Gillett (1963) is confusing. He described the capsules of both C. prostrata and C. aguatica as being egual in length (1.5 cm), which is not true. His illustration (Fig. 11) is quite incorrect, since it does not distinguish properly between the stipe and the capsule. Actually, only the flared portion is capsule. The habit sketches are reasonably correct, but the small drawing of the opened corolla shows a capsule that is more like that of C. prostrata than of C. aquatica. The illustration (Fig. 10) of C. prostrata is quite correct as to the small plant and the opened corolla, but the larger plant with the long filiform stipe Suggests that the artist was looking at C. nutans! Possibly that species is actually more widely distributed in Northwestern North America than we realize. ERIOGONUM LEPTOCLADON var. LEPTOCLADON T. & G., Pac. RR Rept- 2:129. 1877 (PLG). MESA O.: Rabbit Valley, between Mack and Utah State line, S of Hwy I-70, Young 204. Fils. yellow. 1985 Weber & Wittmann, Flora of Colorado 387 GAILLARDIA SPATHULATA A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 12:59. 1877 (AST). MESA CO.: Beaver Mesa, above John Brown Canyon, 7,000 ft. alt., Dolores River Canyon, pinon-juniper-sagebrush, 16 June 1982, Young (COLO 401520). HEUCHERA VERSICOLOR Greene. Lfl-. Bot. Obs. Crit. 1:112. 1905 (SAX). LAS ANIMAS CO.: west terminus of Mesa de Maya between Raton Pass and Trinidad; Fisher's Mesa, on vertical face of cap- rock facing north and east, aspen level, 8 July 1984, John H. Robertson 6. The race represented here is var. versicolor. The main area for this species is central and southern New Mexico and Arizona. MUHLENBERGIA THURBERI (Scribn.) Rydb., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 32:601. 1905 (POA). DELTA OO.: Escalante Canyon, 20-21 Sept. 1981, Siplivinsky 2520; 1 Sept. 1977, Ratzloff (COLO 318394). MESA ©O.: Colorado National Monument, 1 Sept. 1982, Siplivinsky 5087; Unaweap Canyon, 11 July 1981, Siplivinsky 1539. WOODSIA PLUMMERAE Lemmon, Bot. Gaz. 726. 1882 (WDS). IAS ANIMAS CO.: along Purgatoire River, T30S R59W; cliffs at spring, cool N-facing slope of canyon, 5 Sept. 1983, David Cooper (COLO 402549). =e NOTEWORTHY RANGE EXTENSIONS OR REDISCOVERIES BAEOTHRYON PUMILUM (Vahl ) Love & Love, Univ. Colorado Studies Ser. Biol. 17:14. 1965 (CYP). Scirpus pumilus Vahl; Trichophorum pumilum Schinz & Thell. PARK (CO.: Mosquito Range: Four Mile Creek, 0.5 mi W of Four-Mile Campground, 3200 msm; in saturated moss (Cratoneuron commutatum) mat along a small rill entering a Salix brachycarpa fen, together with Kobresia simpliciuscula and K. sibirica (in the depressions) and K. myosuroides (dominant on higher ground adjacent), calcareous drainage, 1 Sept. 1984, Weber & Wittmann 17467. While not strictly a new record, the cited collection represents the first time this species has been found Since Hall & Harbour collected it, without specified locality, in 1862. One of Colorado's most elusive rarities, known in the con- tiguous U.S. only from Colorado and Convict Creek in the Califor- nian Sierra Nevada. Otherwise known from Canada and Alaska, one locality in Scandinavia (North Norway), the Alps, Caucasus, Cen- tral Asia and Mongolia. CIRSIUM HESPERIUM Eastw. (AST). LAS ANIMAS CO.: between Cor dova Pass and Cucharas Pass, SW of Spanish Peaks, 11,000ft. alt., along wet rill in opening of spruce-fir forest, 24 Aug. 1985, Weber & Hogan 17534. Previously known only fram the San Juan Mts. (Slumgullion Pass area), west of the Continental Divide. GAURA NEOMEXICANA Woot. ssp. COLORADENSIS (Rydb.) Raven & Gregory (ONA). BOULDER CO.: base of outer foothills of Front Range, 1,600 msm, Lee Hill Road just N of Boulder, 22 Sept. 1984, 388 rarer ere cars Vol. 58, No. 6 Weber & Phipps 17471. Only one plant was found despite a thorough canvassing of the area. This tends to be the pattern for this taxon; everywhere it is rare, with only one or two plantée seen. In 1985 a search for it in the same area was unsuccessful. LEPTODACTYLON WATSONII (A. Gray) Rydb. (PLM). LAS ANIMAS CO.: Mesa de Maya; Lizard Head, a promontory at highest point of eastern section of the mesa, NE of Branson, 6,900 ft. alt., T335S R56W SE1/4 Sec. 31, around rocks at the very edge of the promon- tory, 23 Aug. 1985, Weber & Hogan 17525. Previously known only from a few scattered sites west of the Continental Divide. PROSOPIS GLANDULOSA Torr., Ann. Lyc. N.Y¥Y- 2:192. 1827 (FAB). LAS ANIMAS CO.: Mesa de Maya, in the gap between east and west sections, on Willard Louden Ranch (20,000 acres) NW of Branson, 5,500-6,000 ft. alt., Sec.9, T35S R55W, Cobert Mesa North Quadr. (1972); N-facing slope of Philips (Hardesty) Canyon between Kelly and Nestor branches, 23 Aug. 1985, Weber & Hogan 17516. Two shrubs, originally 2 m tall, badly winterkilled, with new growth only 1m tall. Known to the Louden family from the time of the original homestead (1901-02). This is the northernmost locality known for the species, and the first herbarium record for Colorado since Greene collected it “in mountains between the Purgatory and Apishapa, 30 mi N of the state line", on Jan. 21, 1880. ADVENTIVE TAXA CAMPSIS RADICANS (L.) Seem. (BIG). MESA CO.: established along fencerows, Grand Junction, Young 200. CHRYSANTHEMUM COCCINEUM Willd. (AST). PITKIN CO.: Norrie Colony E of Meredith, 8,500 ft. alt., meadows and forest margins near Fryingpan River, 3 Aug. 1984, Reid (COLO 400842). HELIANTHUS TUBEROSUS L. (AST). MESA O.: established along irrigation ditches, Grand Junction, Young 219. HIERACIUM AURANTIACUM L. (AST). PITKIN CO.: Norrie Colony E of Meredith, 8590 ft. alt., meadows and forest margins near Fry- ingpan River, 3 Aug. 1984, Reid (COLO 400821). MACLURA POMIFERA (Raf.) C. K- Schneider (MOR). MESA CO.: established and becoming a pest along fencerows, River Road, Grand Junction, Young 214. MORUS ALBA L- (MOR). MESA CO.: established along fencerows, ditches and seeps, Grand Junction, Young 218. LITERATURE CITED Flora of the USSR, Vol. XVIII: Metachlamydeae. 1967. Eng- lish Version by Israel Program for Scientific Translations. 600 PP- Gillett, John M. 1963. The gentians of Canada, Alaska and Greenland. Canad. Dept. Agric. Res. Branch Publ. 1180. 99 pp- Holmgren, Noel. 1984. Gentianaceae, in Intermountain Flora, 4: 4-23. New York Botanical Garden. A NEW SPECIES OF TETRACHYRON (ASTERACEAE - HELIANTHEAF) FROM OAXACA, MEXICO. B.L. Turmer Department of Botany, University of Texas, Austin Tx. 78713 Mexico, in its more remote, poorly collected regions, continues to yield many localized endemics, some of them remarkably distinct. This is attested to by the following novelty in Tetrachyron which follows upon the heels of a thorough monographic study of the genus by Wussow and Urbatsch (1979) who recognized but 5 species in the group. The genus was formerly placed under the wing of Calea, but properly segregated in my opinion. Contrary to the views of Wussow and Urbatsch, I think that Tetrachyron is close to, if not within, the broad limits of the tribe Coreopsideae as envisioned by Turner and Powell (1977). That is, Tetrachyron appears to be an ancestral group within or near this tribe, not especially like Coreopsis, Bidens, etc., but in the mold of the Mexican genera Guardiola, Espejoa, etc., as discussed by Turner and Powell (1977, p. 725). TETRACHYRON TORRESII B.L. Turner, sp. nov. re T. brandegei accedens sed foliis amplioribus ovatis vel deltoideis dentatis; flores capituli paucioribus. Reportedly a suffruticose herb up to 40 cm high, but seemingly a shrub or subshrub of larger proportions. Stems terete, grey and noticeably lenticelate, the secondary shoots with densely clustered knobby nodes. Leaves opposite, 3-5 am long, glabrous; petioles 3- 10 mm long, with a tapering incurved wing throughout; blades ovate to trianguloid, 3-nervate from near the base, the margins dentate, especially below, the apices acute. Heads 5, turbinate, borne in short, terminal, subumbellate; clusters, the branches glabrous. Involucres 3-4 mm long, 2-3 seriate, subimbricate, glabrous; bracts ovate-lanceockte, somewhat scarious, yellowish. Ray florets 3-5, pistillate, fertile; tube ca 1 mm long; limb tubulo-funnelform 2.5- 3.0 mm long, the lobes acute, ca 0.6 mm long. Achenes (immature) ca 1.5 mm long, glabrous, somewhat 4-sided; pappus of 4 hyaline scales ca 0.4 mm long. TYPE: MEXICO. OAXACA: Distr. de Tehuantepec, 8.9 km N de Lechiguiri, 10 Dec 1983, R. Torres C. et al. 4314, (holotype TEX; isotypes MEXU, to be distributed). 389 390 PHVYTOL@GIA Vol. 58, No. 6 Related to T. brandegei: but immediately distinct by its larger, ovate to trianguloid, dentate leaves and fewer-f lowered heads. According to label data it occurs in relic deciduous forests dominated by Liquidambar. It is a pleasure to name this remarkable species for its only known collector, Mr. R. Torres of UNAM, who has assembled a fine series of "comps” from throughout Mexico. LITERATURE CITED Turner, B.L. and A.M. Powell, 1977. Helenieae - systematic review. In, The Biology and Chemistry of the Compositae 2:700-737. (eds. Heywood et al.) Academic Press, London. Wussow, J.R. and L.E. Urbatsch. 1979. A systematic study of the genus Tetrachyron (Asteraceae: Heliantheae). Syst. Bot. 4:297- 318. 1985 Turner, A new species 391 Fig... TETRACHYRON TORRESII, from holotype. NEW SPECIES AND COMBINATIONS IN BELLOA (INULEAE-ASTERACEAE) Abundio Sagdéstegui-Alva Herbarium Truxillense (HUT) Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo, Peri and Michael 0. Dillon Department of Botany Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605-2496 ABSTRACT~- Three new species of Belloa (Asteraceae) are described from Peru: B. turneri Sagast. & Dillon, B. spathulifolia Sagast. & Dillon, and Bi ' plicatifolia Sagast. & Dillon; and the following combinations are made: B. cerrateae (Ferreyra) Sagdst. & Dillon, B. longifolia (Cuatr. & Arist.) Sagast. & Dillon, B. pickeringii (A. Gray) Sagast. & Dillon, and B. radians (Benth.) Sagast. & Dillon. Botanical exploration in the Andes of northern Peri continues to yield new Asteraceae. In preparation for an upcoming treatment of the Inuleae (Asteraceae) for the Flora of Peru, the following species descriptions and combinations are made. Belloa turneri Sagadst. & Dillon, sp. nov. Fig. ix Herbae perennes usque ad 20 cm altae; caules erecti simplices, dense sericeo-lanati. Folia basalia sessilia, rosulata, oblongo-lanceolata vel lineari-lanceolata, 2-4 cm longa, 3-5 mm lata, coriacea, marcescentia, bicoloria, basi attenuata, apice acutae, inferne argenteo-tomentosae, superne lanuginosus, margine integrae; folia caulina, alterna, sessilia, linearia vel lanceolata, 1-3 ecm longa, 1.5-3 mm lata, margine integra. Capitulescentiae spiciformes, bracteatae. Capitula disciformia, 5-6 mm alta, ca. 5 mm lata; phyllaria ca. 25, ca. 4- seriata, externa ovata, 3.5-4.5 mm longa, 2.5-3.5 mm lata, intima linearia vel oblongo-linearia, 5-6 mm longa, 1-2 mm lata. Flores marginales feminei, pluriseriati; corollae filiformae, ca. 3.5 mm longae. Flores disei hermaphroditi 10-12; corollae anguste tubulosae, 3-3.5 mm longae. Achaenia oblonga, ca. 1 mm longa, glabra, glandulosa; pappi setae ca. 4 longae, basi connatae, albae. 392 1985 Sagdstegui-Alva & Dillon, New species & combinations 393 TYPE: PERU. Dept. Cajamarca. Prov. Contumazdé: alrededores del Pozo Kudn, ladera, 3600-3800 m, 13 Jun 1981, A. Sagéstegus Perennial herbs to 20 cm tall; stems erect, unbranched, cylindrical, densely sericeous-lanose. Basal leaves sessile, rosulate, oblong-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 2-4 cm long, 3- 5 mm wide, coriaceous, marcescent, discolorous, basally attenuate, apically acute, mucronulate, parallel-nerved, the lower surface silvery-tomentose, the upper surface lanuginous, the margins entire, the cauline leaves alternate, sessile, linear to lanceolate, 1-3 cm long, 1.5-3 mm wide, the margins entire. Capitulescences spiciform, bracteate. Capitula disciform, 5-6 mm high, 5 mm wide; involucres campanulate; phyllaries ca. 25, ca. 4-seriate, imbricate, stramineous, the outer ovate, 3.5-4.5 mm long, 2.5-3.5 mm wide, concave, lanuginous, acute, the inner linear to oblong-linear, 5-6 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, planar, glabrous, apically acute; marginal florets pistillate, pluri- seriate, the corollas filiform, ca. 3.5 mm long; disc florets hermaphroditic, 10-12, the corolla narrowly tubular, 3-3.5 mm long. Achenes oblong, ca. 1 mm long, brownish, glabrous, glandular; pappus bristles ca. 4 mm long, fused basally, white. DISTRIBUTION: Frequent in open areas within "jalca" formations of northern Pert (Departments of Ancash and Cajamarca, 3100-3800 m) and southern Ecuador (Province of Loja, 2400-2600 m). Belloa turneri is distinctive within the genus, possessing rosulate basal leaves and robust, erect, spicate capitulescences. It most closely resembles B. lopezmirandae Cabr. of Dept. La Libertad, Peri; however, the latter has smaller capitula with cylindrical involucres and fewer florets (ca. 20 pistillate, 1-2 hermaphroditic). It is known by the local name of "champito" in Ancash. We take great pleasure in naming this species for Dr. Billie L. Turner of the University of Texas at Austin, a noted synantherologist and contributor to the Flora of Peru. Additional material examined: ECUADOR. Prov. Loja: Catacacha, 2400-2600 m, 17 Apr 1944, Solfs 7949 (F). PERU. Dept. Ancash. Prov. Huaraz: Cerro San Cristébal, 3800 m, 8 Jul 1977, Evangelista s.n. (F, HUT, MO). Dept. Cajamarca. Prov. Contumaza: Pampa de la Sal, 3500 m, 27 Jun 1983, Sagdstegui, Mostacero & Alvitez 10731 (F, HUT, MO); Prov. San Miguel: Taulis Alto (jalca), 3100 m, 20 Jun 1980, Sagdstegui, Mostacero & Alvitez 9547 (F, HUT, MO). 394 PH*%7T,.01 O86 5A Vol. 58, No. 6 Belloa spathulifolia Sagdést. & Dillon, sp. nov. Fig. 2. Species haec a Belloa longifolia (Cuatr. & Arist.) Sagd&st. & Dillon foliis anguste spathulatis 2-4 mm latis differt. Capitula disciformia, flosculis femineis 15-16, corollis ca. 4 mm longis, pappis ca. 4 mm longis. TYPE: PERU. Dept. La Libertad. Prov. Santiago de Chuco: entre Chota Motil y Shorey, jalca, 3200 m, 6 Dec 1984, A. Cespitose, perennial herbs to 3 cm; rhizomes oblique, roots filiform. Leaves sessile, rosulate, spathulate to oblanceolate- Spathulate, 2-3.5 cm long, 2-4 mm wide, coriaceous, marcescent, expanded basally and partially sheathing the stem, both surfaces densely silvery-tomentose, the margins entire. Capitulescences solitary or 2-3-headed glomerule, sessile. Capitula disciforn, 7-8 mm high, ca. 5 mm wide; involucres narrowly campanulate; phyllaries ca. 24, 4-seriate, imbricate, stramineous, the outer ovate, ca. 4 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, lanuginous, obtuse, the inner linear-oblong, 7-8 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, glabrous, obtuse; marginal florets pistillate, 15-16, the corollas filiform, ca. 4 mm long, the style branches exerted; disc florets hermaphroditic, ca. 10, the corollas narrowly tubular, ca. 5 mm long. Achenes obovate to oblong, ca. 1 mm long, brown, glabrous, glandular; pappus bristles ca. 4 mm long, fused basally, white. DISTRIBUTION: Infrequent in open spaces between clumps of Stipa ichu within the "jalca" formations of northern Peru (Department of La Libertad, 3100 m). Belloa spathulifolia most closely resembles. B. longifolia with its cespitose, rosulate habit; however, the latter has much wider leaves (6-10 mm), larger capitula and more numerous pistillate florets (ca. 80). Belloa plicatifolia Sagast. & Dillon, sp. nov. Fig. 3, F-K. Herbae perennes usque ad 5-20 cm altae; caules erecti vel adscendentes, ramosi, foliacei. Folia alterna, disticha, sessilia, orbicularia vel suborbicularia, 5-14 mm longa, 3-7 mm lata, plicata, marcescentia, basi attenuata, subamplexicaulia, apice rotundata, utrinque dense lanata. Capitulescentiae solitares, e foliorum axillis superioribus natae. Capitula disciformia, (6-) 7-8 (-9) mm alta, 3-4 mm lata, subsessilia; phyllaria 15-20, 4-5-seriata, exima ovata, 4-6 mm longa, 3-4 mm lata, apice subacuta, intima linearia vel lanceolata, 7-8 mm 1985 Sagdstegui-Alva & Dillon, New species & combinations 395 longa, 1-1.5 lata, apice acuta. Flores marginales feminei 12-14, uniseriati; corollae filiformes, 4-5 mm longae. Flores disci hermaphroditi ca. 10; corollae anguste tubulosae, 4-5 mm longae. Achaenia obovata vel oblonga, 1-1.5 mm longa, glabra, glandulosa; pappi setae 5-6 mm longae, basi connatae, albae. TYPE: PERU. Dept. Cajamarca. Prov. Contumazd&: Cascabamba, holotype; F, HUT, MO isotypes). ! Perennial herbs to 5-20 em tall; stems branched, erect to ascending, leafy to the apices. Leaves alternate, sessile, distichous, orbicular to suborbicular, 5-14 mm long, 3-7 mm wide, marcescent, folded, basally attenuate, subamplexicaulous, apically rounded, both surfaces densely lanate, the margins entire. Capitulescences solitary in upper leaf axils, subsessile. Capitula disciform, (6-) 7-8 (-9) mm high, 3-4 mm wide; involucres cylindrical; phyllaries 15-20, 4-5-seriate, imbricate, scarious, stramineous, hyaline at margin, the outer ovate, 4-6 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, concave, dorsally lanuginous, subacute, the inner linear to lanceolate, 7-8 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, glabrous, acute; marginal florets pistillate, 12-14, uniseriate, the corollas filiform, 4-5 mm long; disc florets hermaphroditic, ca. 10, the corollas narrowly tubular, 4-5 mm long. Achenes obovate to oblong, 1-1.5 mm long, brown, glandular; pappus bristles 5-6 mm long, fused basally, white. DISTRIBUTION: Frequent among sheltered rocky sites in "jalcea" formations of northern Peri (Departments of Cajamarca and La Libertad, 3000-3500 m). Belloa plicatifolia is morphologically distinct and has no apparent close relatives. Its erect lanate branches with folded, distichous leaves give the stems a flattened appearance unknown elsewhere in the genus. Additional material examined: PERU. Dept. Cajamarca. Prov. Cajabamba: Cajabamba-Luchubamba, 3800 m, 17 Nov 1983, Sagdéstegui et al. 11199 (F, HUT, MO). Prov. Cajamarca: Cumbemayo, 3200 m, 4 May 1985, Sagdstegui & Tellez 12686 (F, HUT,.MO). Prov. Contumaza4: Cascabamba, 3050 m, 8 Jun 1977, Sagdstegui et al. 9022 (F, HUT, MO); Cascabamba, 3100 m, 12 Jun 1981, Sa = i et al. 10010 (F, HUT, MO); Cascabamba, 3000 m, 27 Jun 383, Sagdstegui et al. 10719 (F, HUT, MO). Dept. La Libertad. Prov. Otuzco: Salpo, Cerro Ragache, 3500 m, 23 May 1984, Sagdstegui et al. 11631 (F, HUT, MO). 396 PH V7 Ot OG IK Vol. 58, No. 6 NEW COMBINATIONS The following species are transferred to Belloa. All possess glabrous and glandulous achenes, pappus bristles fused at the base, and style branches with rounded apices. Belloa cerrateae (Ferreyra) Sagdst. & Dillon, comb. nov. Mniodes cerratei Ferreyra, Bol. Soc. Peruana Bot. 8(1-2): 80. 1980. TYPE: Peri, Dept. Ancash, Prov. Bolognesi, Paso de Chonta, Dist. de Ticllos, 4400 m, 29 Apr 1956, E. Cerrate 2549 (USM, holotype). is This taxon has heterogamous capitula and other characteristics typical of Belloa. All species of Mniodes are dioecious. Belloa longifolia (Cuatr. & Arist.) Sagdst. & Dillon, comb. nov. (Fig. 3, A-E . Lucilia longifolia Cuatr. & Arist., Fl. Venezuela 10: 367. 1964. This species is distributed from Venezuela to northern Peru. The Peruvian elements were initially thought to be new and an illustration prepared. It is included here as a suppliment to the original illustration in the Flora de Venezuela. Belloa pickeringii (A. Gray) Sagdst. & Dillon, comb. nov. Lucilia pickeringii A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 138. 1862. Belloa radians (Benth.) Sagdst. & Dillon, comb. nov. Gnaphalium radians Benth., Planta Hartwegiana p. 207. 1839. Gnaphalium evacoides Schultz-Bip., Bonplandia 4: 54. 1856, nom. nud. Lucilia radians (Benth.) Cuatr., Trab. Mus. Nac. Ci. Nat., Ser. Bot. 33: 138. 1936. Lucilia radians (Benth.) Steyermark, Fieldiana, Bot. 28 (3): 2. 1953. 1985 Sagdstegui-Alva & Dillon, New Species & combinations 397 REFERENCES Cabrera, A. L. 1958. El género Belloa Remy. Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. Ts 79-85. Steyermark, J. A. 1953. Botanical Exploration in Venezuela-III. Fieldiana, Bot. 28(3): 449-678. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank Dr. Timothy Plowman for critically reviewing an early draft of the manuscript. Illustrations were prepared by Segundo Leiva Gonzdles, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo. This study was made possible by a grant from the NSF-Science In Developing Countries Program (INT-8512104). Field work by the senior author was supported, in part, by the Missouri Botanical Garden. EXPLANATION OF FIGURES Fig. 1. Belloaturneri. A, habit; B, leaf (underside); C, capitulum; D, outer phyllary; E, inner phyllary; F, pistillate floret; G, hermaphroditic floret; H, style branches of pistillate floret; I, achene. (Drawn from Sagdstegui et al. 10087, HUT). Fig. 2. Belloa spathulifolia. A, habit; B, leaf (underside); C, capitulum; D, outer phyllary; E, inner phyllary; F, pistillate floret; G, hermaphroditic floret; H, anther; I, style branches of pistillate floret; J, achene. (Drawn from Sagdstegui et al. 11695, HUT). Fig. 3. Belloa longifolia. A, habit; B, capitulum; C, pistillate floret; D, hermaphroditic floret; E, achene. (Drawn from Sagdstegui et al. 10060, HUT). Belloa plicatifolia. F, habit; G, capitulum; H, pistillate floret; I, hermaphroditic floret; J, style branches of pistillate floret; K, achene. (Drawn from Sagdstegui et al. 10117, HUT). 6 58, No. Poa YT Ort: Oo ier Vol. 398 1 FIG. Sagéstegui-Alva & Dillon, New species & combinations 399 1985 FIG. 2 6 ae “es ee a a ee ee Se ——— vets 58, No. P ty ¥9T 008056, 2 9A Vol. 400 PLG 33 NOTES ON THE GENUS CLERODENDRUM (VERBENACEAE). X Harold N. Moldenke This paper is a continuation of the notes on this genus begun by me in Phytologia 57: 157 (1985) and most recently continued in the issue immediately preceding the present one. CLERODENDRUM Burm. Additional bibliography: Mold., Phytologia 58: 329--359. 1985. Chevalier (1913) lists an unidentified species of this genus, rep- resented by Chevalier 6521, from upper Chari, Central African Repub- lic, which he descibes as a “Liane s'élevant de 4 & 5 metres de hauteur, fleurs blanches". CLERODENDRUM CALAMITOSUM |. Additional bibliography: Stapf, Trans. Linn. Soc. 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L&$: 149, 178--180, & 267, fig. 28 (6 & 7). 1956; Synge in Chittenden, Roy. Hort. Soc. Dict. Hort., ed. 2, 1: 504 & 505. 1956; T. Cooke, Fl. Presid. Bomb., ed. 2, imp. 1, 2: 513. 1958; Anon., Kew Bull. Gen. Ind. 77. 1959; Mold., Résumé 88, 157, 167, 175, 179, 183, 187, 189, 190, 193, 194, 197, 198, 215, 261, 268, 271, 362, 391, & 448. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 3, 1: 560. 1960; Hundley & Ko in Lance, Trees Shrubs Burma, ed. 3, 202. 1961; L., Mant. Pl., imp. 2, 1: 90. 1961; Gerth van Wijk, Dict. Plantnames, imp. 2, 1: 335 (1962) and imp. 2, 2: 111 & 876. 1962; Mold., Résumé Suppl. 4: 7. 1962; Backer & Bakh., Fl. Java 2: 610. 1965; Burkill, Dict. Econ. Prod. Malay Penins. T: 589--590. 1966; T. Cooke, Fl. Presid. Bomb., ed. 2, imp. 2, 2: 513. 1967; E. D. Merr., Fl. Manila, imp. 2, 403. 1968; Gerth van Wijk, Dict. Plantnames, imp. 3, 1: 335 (1971) and imp. 3, 2: 111 & 876. 1971; L., Mant. Pl., imp. 3 [Cramer, Hist. Nat. Class. 7:] 90. 1971; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 148, 264, 272, 285, 299, 304, 315, 322, 329, 332, 358, 441, 453, & 461 (1971) and 2: 663, 732, 863, & 972. 1971; Wittstein, Etymol.-bot. Handwérterb., imp. 2, 206. 1971;Back- er, Atlas 220 Weeds [Handb. Cult. Sugar-cane 7:] pl. 522. 1973; Farnsworth, Pharmacog. Titles 9 (2): iv & 115. 1974; Hosozawa, Kato, & Munakata, Phytochem. 13: 308--309. 1974; Mold., Phytologia 28: 454 & 455. 1974; Asher, Guide Bot. Period. 1: 616. 1975; Mold., Phy- tologia 31: 396. 1975; Anon., Biol. Abstr. 61: AC1.581. 1976; Mold., Phytologia 34: 267. 1976; Hsiao, Fl. Taiwan 6: 121. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem..:2 221807)252, 259,275,265, 299, 306, 3123°320, 32Z, 348, 384, 387, 390, 394, & 534. 1980; Manilal & Sivarajan, Fl. Cal- icut. 233. 1982; Mold., Phytologia 50: 258. 1982; Nair & Ansari, Journ. Econ. Tax. Bot. 3: 605 & 606, fig. 1--4. 1982; Sivarajan & Manilal, Journ. Econ. Tax. Bot. 3: 414--815. 1982; H. N. & A. L. Mold. in Dassan. & Fosb., Rev. Handb.- Fl. Ceyl. 4: 468. 1983; Mold., Phytologia 57: 37, 334, & 338 (1985) and 58: 185, 197, 211, 344, & 358--359. 1985. Illustrations N. L. Burm., Fl. Indica pl. 44. 1768; W. J. Hook., Curtis Bot. Mag. 88 [ser. 3, 18]: pl. 5294 (in color). 1862; Lem., Illust. Hort. 10: pl. 358. 1863; Patermann, Beitr. Zytol. Verbenac. pl. 4, fig. 40--46, & pl. 5, fig. 10. 1935; Mold. in Humbert, Fl. Madag. 174: 179, fig. 28 (6 & 7). 1956; Backer, Atlas 220 Weeds [Handb. Cult. Sugar-cane 7:] pl. 522. 1973; Nair & Ansari, Journ. Econ. Tax. Bot. 3: 606, fig. 1--4. 1982. A branched shrub or subshrub, mostly 0.5--1 m. (sometimes to 2 m.) tall; stems erect, terete, rhizomatous, sometimes tomentose; branches and twigs slender, very obtusely tetragonal, unarmed, gray or brown- ish, densely or sparsely puberulent, very medullose, the older ones glabrous; nodes not annulate; principal internodes 1.5--4.5 cm. long; leaves decussate-opposite or approximate, the uppermost some- 1985 Moldenke, Notes on CLerodendrum 403 times alternate, wide-spreading, petiolate; petioles slender, 0.5-- 4 cm. long, densely puberulent; leaf-blades thin-chartaceous or sub- membranous, bluish-green or bright-green on both surfaces, oblong or elliptic or tending to be widest above the middle, sometimes ovate- elliptic or oval, 2.5--14 cm. long, 1.5--8 cm. wide, apically acute or obtuse in outline, marginally rather coarsely and irregularly crenate-dentate or dentate-serrate from % the way up to the apex with broadly triangular apically acute teeth, basally acute or obtuse and centrally cuneate into the petiole, pubescent or lightly pulver- ulent to glabrate above, more or less pulverulent-puberulent (espec- ially along the larger venation) beneath or becoming subglabrate on the lamina, those subtending the cymes much smaller; midrib slender, flat above, prominulous beneath, usually more densely puberulent on both surfaces than the lamina; secondaries slender, 4--6 pairs, as- cending, rather straight, more or less irregularly joined near the margins and sending branches to each tooth-tip, prominulous beneath, flat above; vein and veinlet reticulation very slender, usually ob- scure or indiscernible above, the larger portions slightly prominu- lous benegth; inflorescence axillary or supra-axillary, leafy, the cymes solitary, opposite, crowded toward the tips of the twigs, wide- ly divaricate, 3--10-flowered, 1--3 times dichotomous, 6--11 cm. long, 3--5 cm. wide, puberulent throughout, often forming large and apparently terminal panicles; peduncles very slender, terete, 1|.8-- 4.5 cm. long, puberulent, mostly light in color and surpassing the subtending leaves; pedicels very slender and elongate, 5--21 mm. long, puberulent, those under the central flowers often longer; bractlets spatulate or linear, small, usually few; prophylla linear- subulate, 2--4 mm. long, puberulent; bracteoles minute; flowers very fragrant at night with the odor of jasmine, expanding at night; calyx green or often red-tinged, deeply 5-parted to about the mid- dle or almost to the base, 6--10 mm. long, spreading, externally puberulent, its lobes elliptic or lanceolate to linear, to 7 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, apically acute or acuminate; corolla white or cream-color, about 3.5 cm. long, its tube mostly cream-color, cylin- dric-infundibular, about 2.5 cm. long, usually 3--4 times as long as the calyx, externally puberulent or pubescent, internally glab- rous, the lobes oblong or narrowly obovoid, about 8 mm. long and 5 mm. wide, apically obtuse, omnifarious or subequal with the odd one narrower; stamens 4, didynamous, much exserted; filaments filiform, curvate, cream-color; anthers brown; pistil cream-color; style fili- form, to 4.5 cm. long, exserted; stigma bifid, the branches somewhat unequal; ovary ovoid, about 2 mm. wide, 4-celled, 4-ovulate; fruit- ing-calyx accrescent, wide-spreading in star-like fashion; fruit drupaceous, violet-black to black, globose, about the size of a cherry, shiny. This species is found from Indochina and Malaya to the Philippine Islands, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo, usually regarded as native only in Indonesia, probably only escaped and naturalized elsewhere. It is widely cultivated in parts of the United States, West Indies, Cen- tral and South America, Europe, India, Indonesia, the Molucca and Sunda Islands, and Mauritius. It is not yet known from Madagascar or the Comoro Islands, but is to be expected in gardens there. It 404 PAN POUL O-G EA Vol. 58, No. 6 tends to escape readily from cultivation in tropical regions and has become a weed in cultivated areas of Kerala, India, and in sugar plantations elsewhere. In the Linnean Herbarium, genus 789 [810], C%enodendron [spelled thus on the outside cover, C£erodendraum on the inside cover], sheet no. 4 is inscribed "calamitosum" in Linneus' own handwriting. There are three specimens on the sheet, only the upper ones are Linnean; the lower one is inscribed "2 e Batavia D. Banks J. E. S[mith]" and was added later according to Savage. All three specimens are cor- rectly identified and the two upper ones (really only fragments) should be regarded as the type of the species. It is to be noted that Jackson (1893) gives the nativity of the species as "Malaya"; Loudon (1830) and Synge (1956) aver that it was introduced into cultivation in England in 1823 from the "E. In- dies". Clarke (1885) tells us very truly that the species “appears closely allied to C. phfomoides" while Hallier (1918) claims that it is also very closely related to C. garnettianum Craib, C. grifgith- danum C. B. Clarke, C. k£emmec Elm., C. mindonense Merr., and C. fastigiatum (Hunter) H. J. Lam. Collectors have found this plant growing in grasslands, along paths and roadsides, on campo on terra firme, in “abandoned land, cachuerinhd, in cultivated and recently cultivated areas, in sandy soil, at 100--750 m. altitude, in flower from January to April, June to August, October, and November, and in fruit in July. Blume (1826) asserts that it flowers throughout the year, while Bojer (1837) says "Fl. & diverses époques de l'année". Cooke (1906) asserts that in Bombay it flowers in September and October. The corollas are described as having been "white" on AnnoLdo- Broeders 3520 & 3530, Bruinien 109, Ducke 4.n., Habhier 4487a, Pan- cho 2946, Silva &.n., Van Steenis 7804, and ZolLLinger 3180, "“milk- white" on Hallier 4487, "“Creamy-white" on Beguin 981 and Clemens & Clemens 7964, "cream" on Kiah S.110, and "red" on Beumée A.258 -- if the Beumee description is accurate, a color form designation, at least, iS indicated. The species is said to be “Subspontaneous (?)" at Manaus, Brazil, according to Silva, while Ducke found it growing in abandoned land, also in Amazonas, Brazil. Pancho collected it from cultivated ma- terial and reports it cultivated "throughout" the Philippine Islands; Kiah found it in cultivation in Singapore. noting: "the original from Java". Bailey (1935) reports it offered to the horticultural trade by a dealer in Singapore. Cruz describes it as a "weed" in the Philippines. Ducke describes it as a "tree", but this is doubt- fully accurate. Merrill (1923) reports the species from Luzon, Mindanao, and Bas- ilan in the Philippines, where, he says, it is "Chiefly in cultiva- tion for ornamental purposes, occasional in waste places about towns. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java." Vernacular and common names recorded for C. calamitosum are "Baum des Elendes", “calamitous clerodendrum", "“cheira de noite", “glaseterplant", “hurtful clerodendron", "jasmin de Bernardes", 1985 Moldenke, Notes on CLerodendrum 405 "kajoe gambir", "kedji beling" [a name also applied to Desmodium gangeticum DC,], "kembang boegang", "kembang boegang", "ketji béling", “kimmerlicher Losbaum", "menado", "péragu calamiteux", “pitja beling", "“puan bouga", "rampige lotboom", “romiet", and "“thawka". The specific epithet chosen by Linneus for this species may be translated as "the reverse of being useful in medicine", but there seems to be no recorded evidence of the plant having any harmful properties. In fact, Sorgdrager reports its being used for medicine in Java. Backer & Bakhuizen (1965) tell us that it is “cultivated [in Java] as an ornamental or medicinal plant, and in many places (especially in dry regions) naturalized in settled areas; village groves, coconut groves, forest borders, roadsides". Burkill (1966) reports its use as a bedding plant. He speaks of the species as "A native of Java, which is cultivated in gardens in Malaya". He quotes Heyne (1917, 1927) to the effect that "It is one of the plants used by Javanese trick-performers who chew glass. The performer first chews the leaves of this or of one of the other plants which may be substituted, and then chews the glass. To what extent chewing the plant induces salivation is unrecorded. The chewing of glass, with- out injury to the gums and other parts of the mouth, is attributed to good teeth, coolness, and sufficient assurance. The Javanese argue that the leaf, which enables glass to be treated thus, must be good also for stone in the kidney, and accordingly administer it." CLerodendraum caflamitosum serves as host plant for the fungus Aecidium clenodendri P. Henn. in the Philippines. Hosozawa and his associates (1974) obtained a "new diterpenoid 3-epicaryoptin from C£enodendron cakamitosum Ll. It is interesting in view of biogenesis that caryoptin is not found, but 3-epicaryop- tin is observed in this plant. This new compound has a bitter taste and possesses antifeeding activity against the larvae of Spo- doptera Litura F." . Burman's original (1768) description of VoLkameria alternifolia is "ramis inermibus, foliis alternis ovatis dentatis, floribus ter- minalibus. Puan-Bomga. Javanis. Rami simplicissimi glabri, cortice albicante. Folia alterna patentia petiolata ovata dentibus inae- qualibus acuminata. pedunculi longissime terminales". Poiret (1804) discusses the early history of this taxon: "Cette espece différe du C£enodendrum fortunatum par la disposition de ses fleurs en une panicule etalée, par ses feuilles ovales & non lanceo- lees, trés-irréguliérement dentées a leurs bords. "Sa tige est droite, ligneuse, garnier de feuilles pétiolées, op- posées (alternes d'apres Burman), glabres, nues a leurs deux faces, ovales, obtuses ou aigués, mais arrondies a leur sommet, entieres & rétrecies a leur base, dentées irréguliérement & leurs bords, por- tées sur des pétioles qui n'ont qu'un tiers de leur longueur. Le sommet des tiges se divise en quelques rameaux courts, fortis de l'aisselle des feuilles, eux-mémes un peu feuillés, & se terminant chacun par une panicule partielle de fleurs, dont l'ensemble forme une panicule générale tr s-étalés. Les fleurs sont un peu plus petites que dans les autres espéces, longuement pédonculées. Leur calice est divisé (d'aprés la figure donnée par Burman) en cing foli- 406 PARI 0 Gal oh Vol. 58, No. 6 oles lanceolées, aigués; le tube de la corolle est presque trois fois de la longueur du calice, & les divisions de son limbe sont courtes, ovales & refléchies. Cette plante croit é a l'ile de Java.t "Deux questions importantes & difficiles a résoudre se présen- tant relativement 4 cette espéce. Linné regarde son Chenodendaum calamito sum comme le VoLkamenia alternifolia de Burman; mais i) n'est point d'accord avec ce botaniste sur deux points essentiels. Linné dit que sa plante a les feuilles opposées, tandis que les feuilles alternes sont un des caractéres de la plante de Burman; qu'il des décrit & les représente telles; en outre, ce dernier au- teur rapporte Sa plante aux VoLkameria. Apparemment qu'il en avoit observé les fruits, quoiqu'il ne nous en parle pas, & qu'il avoit reconnu que les offelets contenoient chacun deux semences. "Linné a donc observé la méme plante, & a reconnu qu'elle n'avoit qu'une seule baie & des feuilles opposées. Comment en a-t-il conclu que c'étoit la méme que celle dont parle Burman? Deux mots & ce sujet euffent leyé tous les doutes, & nous auroient appris que Bur- man avoit commis une erreur, & sur la disposition des feuilles, & Sur le caractére des fruits de cette plante. Je ne sais pas au reste si Linné a parlé de cette plante ailleurs que dans 1'‘ouvrage que j'ai cité. I1 est possible encore que la position des feuilles varie dans cette plante, & qu'elles soient quelquefois alternes & l'extrémité des rameaux.- Nous avons vu, par exemple, a l'article pedali, que Burman avoit décrit & représenté le Pedalium murex avec des feuilles alternes, tandis que les individus de cette plante, rapportes par les voyageurs, & que nous avons examinés, avoient tous les feuilles opposées, trés-semblables pour le reste a la plante de Burman." Merrill (1921) avers that "Both species were de- scribed from Javan material, Burman's clearly being synonymous with the one described by Linnaeus one year earlier..... both descriptions were probably based on material of similar origin." Houllet (1867) comments that "I] en est des plantes comme des gens, chez les unes comme chez les autres, on en trouve dont le nom n'est pas flatteur; celle qui fait l'objet de cette note se trouve dans ce cas. En effet, le mot latin caflamitosum, en francais calam- jteux, sonne mal & l‘oreille, ce qui se comprend: i] Signifie calam- ité, c'est-a-dire fléau, etc., une mauvaise chose enfin. Hatons- nous de dire qu'il n‘en est pas ainsi pour le cas qui nous occupe et que 1e€ C£enodendron calamitosum L., est au contraire, une trés-belle et bonne plante, malheureusement trop rare et trop peu répandu. Elle est originaire de Java..... Le CLenrodendron calamitosum, auquel on ne pourrait gu@ére reprocher que de n'étre paS nouveau, est une trés-bonne plante qu'il serait trés- -avantageux de répandre dans les cultures. I1 a le grand avantage d'étre excessivement floribond (les boutures & peine reprises se couvrent de fleurs), de fleurir a par- tir du mois d' octobre jusqu'en janvier, février, par conséquent & une €poque ou les fleurs sont rares. On le multiplie de boutures qu'on étousse sous cloche, & partir de février et mars. Bien que cette espéce soit robuste, elle s'acommode néanmois trés-bien de la serre chaude." Hooker (1862) comments that "This is a modest, unobtrusive plant, with its pure white blossoms, as compared with the gorgeous scarlet- 1985 Moldenke, Notes on C£Lerodendrum 407 flowered species now commonly cultivated in our stoves, such as CLerodendron infortunatum, squamatum, fallax, glandulosum, Bethuneanun, etc. It is native ot Java, but though figured and described by Bur- mann, in his “Flora Indica', nearly a century ago, it has only re- cently been known in our gardens." Sivarajan & Manilal (1982) note that "Clarke..... has reported this species from Malacca and Java. From India, Cooke (1906) has recorded it aS an ornamental, grown in Bombay gardens. In South In- dia, the species has been recorded only from Andhra Pradesh....The authors have made the collections from Feroke and Ramanattukara near Calicut in Kerala, where it thrives in waste grassy places on the roadsides with their abundant beautiful white flowers during August- September." Hasskar] (1855) describes his var. gfabriuscufum as "foliis ovato- ellipticis utrinque acutis, vix in prima juventute pube obsessis, glabriusculis (1--2 poll. longis, 8--10 lin. latis) grosse serrato- dentatis." On the other hand, his var. mo£fe has "foliis oblongo- ellipticis in utraque pagina minutissime molliterque puberulis, utrinque “attenuatis, minute serrato-dentatis (2--3,5 poll. longis, 10--16 lin. latis). -- Habitat Javam orientalem, unde cl. Zollinger varietatem hanc insignem affulit." He goes on to say that “Deze beide varieteiten, zijn kleine heesters van slechts een paar voeten hoogte en gelijken zeer veel op elkander; ze zijn wegens hunne op- Staande bloemtrossen, met geelachtig witte, betrekkelijk neg a) groote bloemen en milden bloei wel waardig, in tuinem aangeplant te worden. De vermenigvuldiging geschiedt zoo wel door zaden, als door wertelspruiten. De eerste nehoort hier te huis en de laatste is door den heer Zollinger uit Banjoewangi towgezenden." It is worth recording here that the CLerodendron calamitosum var. glabriuscukum, referred to above, is based on an unnumbered Hors- field collection from Java deposited in the Utrecht herbarium; C. phLomoides f. Luxurians is based on another Horsfield collection, this one from Pajittau, Java, deposited in the British Museum her- barium; and Verbena clerodendron is based on Froes 20462 in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. Nair & Ansari (1982) cite Ansari 64713 and Supt. Agr. Res. Sta. é.n. from Kerala, India, and comment that “During a recent plant ex- ploration tour in the Cannanora district of Kerala state, a common weed was found growing near human settlements. This on critical studies was identified as C£erodendron calamitosum L., a native of Malaya and Java. A very old herbarium specimen of this plant col- lected around 1930 from a garden in Kasaragod of this district [was later found in the] Madras Herbarium. From the collector's note on this sheet it is evident that the plant was introduced for its orna- mental value and was restricted to that garden at that time. How- ever, within these 50 years it [has Sena naturalised well in this district. Now this plant has become one of the very common weeds of this district growing among coconut groves, road-sides and other cultivated and fallow fields.” Ridley (1923) cites Maingay 4.n. from Malacca, but adds “no doubt a garden plant." Hosseus (1911) cites Hosseus &4 from Thailand, but Fletcher (1938) 408 Pht tr OL Ba PR Vol. 58, No. 6 Says of this collection "] have not seen this plant and am unable to Say what it may be". Hallier (1918) cites Blume 2277a, Reimwandt 1273 and Zoklinger 3180 from Java, Konrthals .n. from Sumatra, Hablier 4487 from 5434: lan, and Haklien 4487a from Luzon in the philippines. He quotes Ridley and Gamble in the assertion that it is in Malacca only as a garden escape. Merrill (1921) regards C. ercodiphon Schau. and its var. parvi- foliwm Miq. as synonyms of C. cakamitosum, citing only Konthals 4.n. from Kalimantan. I regard C. ercosiphon as conspecific with C, dis- parifoliuum Blume. It should be pointed out here that.tbe C. Smith 4.n._[Molucca], Staunton &.n. [Sunda], J. B. 4.n., ZoLkinger 731, Ko££man 4.n., and Hors field &.n. in the British Museum herbarium do not actually in- dicate on their labels that they came from cultivated material, but it seems most probable that they did. Also, it may be noted here that the Burman (1768) work in the bibliography of this taxon is sometimes erroneously cited as "1767". Material of CLenodendraum calamitosum has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as C. colebrokianum Walp., C. fragrans Vent., C. phlomodides L., and C. sernatum Spreng. On the other hand, the Hosseus 84x, distributed as C. calamitosum, actually is C. urticifoLim (Roxb.) Wall. Citations: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Ducke 4.n.[29.1V.1941] (Be--43399, W--2592936); M. B. da Sibva a.n. [Marco 1950] (N). Pard: Fades 20462 (Be--15975, N, W--2439080). MASCARENE ISLANDS: Mauritius: Bélanger &.n. [Herb. Reichenbach f. 129850] (V). INDIA: Andhra Pra- desh: Bahadur 166 [Herb. Hyderab. 533] (Hi--209883). Kerala: Mani- kok & (Ac). CAMBODIA: Bejaud 306 (N). GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS: Ba- wean: Buwalda 3302 (Bz--72900). Celebes: Koonders 195116 [132] (Bz-- 19031, Bz--19032); Noerkas 2 (Bz--19029, Bz--19030). Java: Backer 2621 (Bz--18959), 3454 (Bz--18993), 6413 (Bz--18961, Bz--18962), 6892 (Bz--18995, Bz--18996), 6946 (Bz--18994), 7019 (Bz--18960), 12099 (Bz--18958), 26474 (Bz--18975), 26574 (Bz--18997), 34995 (Bz-- 18977), 34996 (Bz--18983, Bz--18984, Bz--18985), 34997 (Bz--18986), 34998 (Bz--18987, Bz--18988, Bz--18989), 34999 (Bz--18979), 35000 (Bz--18990), 35238 (Bz--18982); Becking 344-95 (Bz--18974), 602-281 (Bz--18991); Bewmee 1520 (Bz--18970), 3972 (Bz--19001), 4436 (Bz-- 18999), 4945 (Bz--18981), 5565 (Bz--18978), 4.n. [1.1917] (Bz-- 18969); Bishouwer 50 (Bz--18973); Beokhuis 4.n. (Bz--18998); Beume rw Pip the M); Bremekamp &.n. (Bz--19002); Gutterink 3168 (Bz--18963); Herb. Banks &.n. (N--photo); Herb. Hort. Bot. Jav. s.n. (Pd); Herb. Linneus &10/4 (Ls--type, N--photo of type); Honsfield s.n. (Ut-- 49912); Junghuhn 4.n. (L); Kalshoven 1647 (Bz--18967); Ko£&mann 4.n. (M); Koondens 27211b [620*] (Bz--19010, Bz--19011), 41367b [319*] (Bz--19008, Bz--19009); P£oem 4.n. (Bz--19004); for a G.10 (Bz-- 19003); Scho£te 2374 (Bz--18957); U&tee 49 (Bz--18968); Vorderman é.n. [Soerkarta 1899] (Bz--19006, Bz--19007), s.n. [Batavia] (Bz-- 19005); Wisse 45 (Bz--18964), 122 (Bz--19000), 819 (Bz--18992); Wolff, von WiLding 1212 (Bz--18965), 1217 (Bz--18966), 1246 (Bz-- 18971). Madura: Backer 19042 (Bz--19019), 19342 (Bz--19012), 19637 (Bz--19011, Bz--19023), 19957 (Bz--19020, Bz--19021), 20330 (Bz-- 1985 Moldenke, Notes on C£Lerodendrum 409 19016), 20571 (Bz--19017, Bz--19018), 20758 (Bz--19015), 20847 (Bz-- 19013, Bz--19014). Sabang: Bewmee A.256 (Bz--19034). Sarawak: Kudi é.n. [Herb. Sarawak For. Dept. $.33733] (Ld). Sumatra: Bouwman- Houtman 22 (Bz--19033); LBazing 3822 [822] (Bz--19036). Tebingting- gi: Buuinier 109 (Bz--19035). LESSER SUNDA ISLANDS: Bali: Van Steenis 7804 (Bz--19024); Blunnemeiser 1579 (Bz--19037). MOLUCCA IS- LANDS: Amboina: Doctens van Leeuwwen-Reijnvaan 8658 (Bz--19026, Bz-- 19027); Rant 581 (Bz--19025). Ternate: Anang 127a (Bz--72990); Beg- uin 9&1 (Bz--19028). PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Luzon: C£emens 7030 ia-- 274253), 7089 (Ca--274182); E. D. Mennike 3312 (N, W--438291), 3348 (N, W--438828), 3459 (N, W--438441). Mindoro: M. T. Cauz 178 (Ur). CULTIVATED: Borneo: mebieye .n. (K). Brazil: Coéfho de Monaes 1165 (Ld); Pickel 2263 (W--1473300). Curacao: Anno£do-Broeders 3520 (Ba, Ft--9832). Egypt: Din 123 (Gz); eg g.n. [25/11/1968] (Gz). England: Herb. Hort. Bot. Reg. Kew 15 (K, N); Mornay 77/1857 (K). Germany: Herb. Martius 4.n. tii. B. J (er). India: Bourne 2773 (K); Gamb£e 17135 (K); Herb. Bkatten 15484 (Xa), 35277 (Xa); Jaffrey s.n. [Madras Hort. Gard. 1856] (Ed). Java: "J. B.”" 4.n. (Bm); Bakhuizen 3209 [3211] (Ut--24893), s.n. (4 Juni 1918] (Bz--18956); Herb. Hort. Bot. Bogor. X1.G.63 (Bz--25749), XII.B.VI1.2 (Bz--26242), XV.K.A, XLV1.16 (Bz--26468), 4.n. (Bz--18976); Honrsfield 4.n. [Pajittau] (Bm, Bm, Bm); Ko££mann 4.n. (Bm); Songdnager : (Bz--18972); ZoLLin- en 731 (Bm). Mauritius: Bouton 4.n. [1831] (P); Herb. Hooker 4.n. K). Molucca Islands: C. Smith 6.n. (Bm, Bm). Philippine Islands: Pancho 2946 (Ba); Quisumbing 4.n. [F. 4 Gates 7908] (Mi); Vidal 3452 (K). Russia: Herb. Fischer 4.n. (L, L, L)3 Herb. Hort. Bot. Imp. Pet. s.n. [1835] (L, L). Sarawak: ties & Clemens 7964 (N). Singapore: Kiah S.110 (Ba). Straits Settlements: J. W. Anderson 9 (K). Sunda: Staunton 6.n. (Bm). Trinidad: W. E. Broadway 4.n. [Trin. Bot. Gard. Herb. 8360] (R); McLean 4.n. [Trin. Bot. Gard. Herb. 5884] (R). Venezuela: Baikey & Bailey 1757 (Ba); Vogel 1176 (Mu). LOCALITY OF COLLECTION UNDETERMINED: Béackbuan 4.n. (T, T); Collector undesignated ee Dwoeeat le Herb. Bogoriense 18980 [Bel- lara] (Bz); ee MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: N. L. Burm., Fl. Indica pl. f768 | _ . os Curtis Bot. Mag. 88 [ser. 3, 18]: pl. 5294. a (Ld); Nair & Asari, Journ. Econ. Tax. Bot. 3: 606, fig. 1--4. 1982 (Ld). CLERODENDRUM CALCICOLA Britton, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 39: 9--10 [as "Chenodendron" }. 1912; Mold., Prelim. Alph. List Inv. Names 18 & 19. 1940; Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names 16. 1942. Synonymy: C£enodendron (7) calcicofa Britton, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 39: 9. 1912. Cenodendnron calcicoka Britton apud Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 5, imp. 1, 61. 1921. Cenodendnron ? calcicolum Britton ex Mold., Prelim. Alph. List Inv. Names 18 & 19 in syn. 1940. CLenodendrum calcicofum Britt. apud Alain in Leon & Alain, Fl. Cuba, imp. 1, 4: 319 & 322. 1957. Bibliography: N. L. Britton, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 39: 9--10. 1912; Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 40 (2): 334. 1915; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 5, imp. 1, 61. 1921; Mold., Prelim. Alph. List. Inv. Names 18 & 19. 1940; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verben- ac., ed. 1, 24 & 89. 1942; Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names 16. 1942; 410 PM ES LO ak Vol. 58, No. 6 Mold., Alph. List Cit. 1: 64, 187, & 188 (1946), 2: 486 (1948), and 3: 867. 1949; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 2, 43 & 180. 1949; Alain in Le6n & Alain, Fl. Cuba, imp. 1, 4: 319 & 322. 1957; Mold., Resumé 51, 261, 271, & 448. 1959; Prain, Ind. Kew., imp. 2, 61. 1960; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 95, 441, & 462 (1971) and 2: 863. 1971; Alain in Leon & Alain, Fl. Cuba, imp. 2, 2: 319 & 322. 1974; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 88 & 531. 1980; Mold., Phytologia 57: 478. 1985. A shrub or small tree, to 8 m. tall; branchlets and twigs stout, tough, with very small pith, very obtusely tetragonal or subterete, gray or buff in color, pulverulent-puberulent, becoming only sparse- ly so in age; bark flaky, in narrow strips; nodes not annulate; principal internodes 1.5--8.5 cm. long; leaves decussate-opposite; petioles stout, 5--14 mm. long, pulverulent-puberulent or becoming subglabrate in age; leaf-blades coriaceous, gray-green above, bright- or yellow-green beneath, shiny, oblong-elliptic, 4--10 cm. long, 2.2--5.2 cm. wide, apically rounded or subacute, marginally suben- tire or denticulate and sometimes subrevolute, basally cordate or subcordate-emarginate, glabrous above except for the midrib and some- times more or less impressed-punctate, short-pubescent with stiffly spreading hairs on all the venation beneath; midrib stout, impressed and often slightly strigillose-pubescent above, very prominent be- neath; secondaries stoutish, 5--8 per side, impressed above, very prominent beneath, arcuate-ascending; vein and veinlet reticulation very abundant, impressed or subimpressed above, all (to the finest portions) pronouncedly and conspicuously prominent beneath; inflor- escence axillary or terminal, small, not abundant; cymes abbreviated, few-flowered, in the fruiting stage 1.5--2.5 cm. long and 1--2.5 cm. wide, subfasciculate; peduncles very much abbreviated and tubercu- late or obsolete; fruiting-pedicels stout, 5--8 mm. long, more or less pubescent or puberulent; corolla white; fruiting-calyx indu- rate, shallowly cupuliform, about 2 mm. long and 6 mm. wide, exter- nally more or less puberulent, its rim subentire and more or less revolute or irregularly split; immature fruit about 8 mm. long The type of this little-known species was collected by N. L. Brit- ton and J. F. Cowell (no. 9&7]) on limestone rocks at Corrientes Bay, Pinar del Rfo, Cuba, between March 10 and 12, 1911, and is deposited in the Britton Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden. The spe- cies has been collected in immature fruit in April. Alain (1957) avers that it is endemic to the coasts of Matanzas and Pinar del Rio. Britton (1912) comments that it is “Apparently related to C. spino- gum Urban of Santo Domingo which has similar leaves with bristle- tipped teeth and villous petioles!” Citations: CUBA: Matanzas: Ekman 17208 (N, S, W--2113458). Pinar del Rio: Britton £ Cowell 9871 (N--type); Ekman 17208 (B), 18499 [Herb. Roig 3122] (Es), 18799a (B, N, N, S, W--2113459), 18799b (B, S); Roig 3245 (Es, Ha, N), 8544 (Es). CLERODENDRUM CALYCINUM Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc. 36 (2): 222 [as "C&erodendron" ]. 1863; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 55 & 89. 1942 [not Cgenodendron calycinum Zipp., 1919]. 1985 Moldenke, Notes on C£erodendrum 41] Synonymy: CLerodendron calycinum Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc. 36 (2): 222. 1863. Bibliography: Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc. 36 (2): 222. 1863; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 1: 560. 1893; Bakh. in Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3: 90, 118, & viii. 1921; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 55 & 89. 1942; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 2, 1: 560. 1946; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 2, 128 & 180. 1949; Mold., Resumé 165 & 448. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 3, 1: 560. 1960; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 282 (1971) and 2: 863. 1971; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 271 & 534. 1980. Turczaninow's original (1863) description of this species is: "(Euckerodendra squamata). Cl. caule ramisque tetragonis cum peti- olis atque inflorescentia adpresse pilosis; foliis petiolatis ovatis aut oblongo-ovatis, acutis vel acuminatis, basi cordatis integerri- mis vel obsolete denticulatis, utrinque punctis piliferis exaspera- tis, subtus pallidioribus glandulis peltatis praeter pilos tectis; cymis axijllaribus, inferioribus longissime pedunculatis, paniculam late pyramidatam constituentibus; calycis inflato-campanulati 5- partiti, dense glandulosi, dentibus lanceolatis acuminatis tubum suum multoties superantibus, tubo corollae parum longioribus. India ori- entalis, Moulmeyn, Gri¢¢ith No. 296." Jackson (1893) reduces this taxon to synonymy under C. infortuna- tum L., while Bakhuizen (1921) reduces it to C. viscosum Vent. It does nut seem to me that it belongs to either of these species be- cause of its leaf-shape, which is far too oblong, based on a photo- graph of the type, cited below, and not sufficiently cordate at the base. Of the two, it more nearly approaches some narrow-leaved forms of C, viscosum. The C. calycinum Zipp., referred to in the synonymy (above), is a synonym of C, minahassae Teijsm. & Binn. Citations: BURMA: Tenasserim: Grif¢ith 296 (Ld--photo of type). CLERODENDRUM CAMPBELLII Hort. ex Anon., Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. List Seeds Coll. 1923: 60 [as "C£enodendron"]. 1923; Mold., Pre- lim. Alph. List Inv. Names 19 nom. nud. 1940; Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names 16 nom. nud. 1942. Synonymy: Cferodendron campbekhii Hort. ex Anon., Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. List Seeds Coll. 1923: 60. 1923. Bibliography: Anon., Notes Roy Bot. Gard. Edinb. List Seeds Coll. 1923: 60 (1923) and 1931: 33. 1931; L. H. Bailey, List Florists Hund]. Verb. [mss.]. 1935; Mold., Prelim. Alph. List Inv. Names 19. 1940; Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names 16. 1942; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 72 & 89. 1942; H. N. & A. L. Mold., Pl. Life 2: 52. 1943; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 2, 158 & 180. 1949; Mold., Résumé 215, 261, & 448. 1959; Bolger, Rees, Ghisalberti, Goad, & Goodwin, Biochem. Journ. 118: 197--200. 1970; Bolger, Rees, Ghisalberti, Goad, & Goodwin, Tetrahed. Lett. 35: 3043. 1970; Farnsworth, Pharmacog. Titles 5 (11): v & item 13561. 1970; Bolger, Rees, Ghisalberti, Goad, & Goodwin, Biores. Ind. 7: 264 & 376. 1971; Farnsworth, Pharmacog. Titles 5, Cum. Gen. Ind. (1971) 412 PHYTOL O Gera Vol. 58, No. 6 and 6 (10): v & title 18271. 1971; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 358 & 44] (1971) and 2: 863. 1971; Hegnauer, Chemotax. Pfl. 6 [Chem. 21]: 671. 1973; Farnsworth, Pharmacog. Titles 6, Cum. Gen. Ind. [32]. 1973; Goad & Goodwin in Reinhold & Liwschitz, Prog. Phytochem. 3: 124, 137, 168--169, 177, & 182--184. 1973; T. W. Goodwin in Runeckles & Mabry, Terpenoids 110 & 236. 1973; Sucrow, Caldeira, & Slopianka, Chem. Ber. 106: 2236--2245. 1973; "J. H. B.". Biol. Abstr. 57: 4223. 1974; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 348 & 534. 1980. Through the kindness of my friend and colleague of many years, Dr. Peter Hyypio, I have finally been able to determine where this bi- nomial was first effectively (albeit not validly) published. It was mentioned, without description, in the seed list of the Edin- burgh botanical garden from 1923 to 1956, almost every year, usual- ly without the "Hort." following the name (except in the earlier years). The only deviation was in 1931 when the name was followed by the hybrid symbol, "X". It seems most probable that the plant was named in honor of James John Campbell who was the foreman of the Glass Department of the gar- den's staff at that time, rather than in honor of Thomas Campbell as we stated in our 1948 work. A communication to me from lan Hedge, dated 29 August 1985, has this to say: “Your query about CLerodendrum campbelhLrur interested us and for some of the older staff members [of the Edinburgh Botanic Garden] the name rang faint bells. After quite a lot of scrabbling about in the literature, garden records, herbarium and talking with people, the story seems to be as follows. "First of all the epithet was never validly published and we as- Sume that at the time of Jimmy Campbell (who was assistant curator in charge of the Glass Department here up till about the end of the last war), his name got linked with a form (cultivar) of CLerodendrum thomsonae with variegated leaves. It then, wrongly, got into the RBG [Royal Botanic Garden] seed lists as C. campbelLu; it is not to my knowledge anywhere in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh. "Although we have no herbarium specimens so labelled, we found in our photographic slide collection a photograph with the label C. campbell; it is the variegated plant and, as far as one can be sure, C. thomsonae (of the fascinating nomenclatural history). "I have not worked through all the old seed lists of the Garden here and thus could not be sure of the date when the name got into print. The assistant curators of the different departments in the Garden were usually responsible for making up the seed lists for their department. "It is quite an interesting story - iret tails as the chemists have been at work on it, with the resultant confusion!" Bolger and his associates (1970) report the isolation of a new sterol from this plant and this is further elaborated by Sucrow and his co-workers (1974) as a naturally occurring "(24S)-24-ethylcho- lesta-5,22,25-triene-3beta-ol (24S) and its (24R)-epimer from butynylcarbinols with 1-dimethyl-amino-1]-methoxyl-1l-propene in a Claisen rearrangement via the amides....The known hydrogenation of the products led to porifasterol (24R) and stigmasterol (24S) re- 1985 Moldenke, Notes on C£Lerodendrum 413 spectively.” Bailey (1935) reports this plant offered to the horticultural trade only in Edinburgh, presumably by the garden referred to above. This taxon will be further treated me under C£erodendrzum thomsonae f. variegatum, which see. CLERODENDRUM CANESCENS Wall., Numer. List [49], no. 1804 hyponym [as "C£enodendron"] 1829; Steud., Nom. Bot. Phan., ed. 2, 1: 382 & 383 in syn. 1840; Schau. in A. DC., Prodr. 11: 665. 1847. Synonymy: C£enodendron canescens Wall., Numer. List [49], no. 1804. 1829. CRenodendonon canescens Wall. apud Kawakami, List Pl. Formos. 84 sphalm. 1910. C£enodendron canescens Vahl ex Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names 16 in syn. 1942. Cenodendraum viscosum sensu Li 3} Hsiao, Fl. Taiwan 4: 421 in syn. 1978 [not C. viscosum Vent., 1803]. Bibliography: Wall., Numer. List [49], no. 1804. 1829; Steud., Nom. Bot. Phan., ed. 2, 1: 382 & 383. 1840; Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 4: 105 & 106. 1845; Schau. in A. DC., Prodr. 11: 665. 1847; Benth. ineW. Hook., Journ. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 5: 136. 1853; Buek, Gen. Spec. Syn. Candoll. 3: 105. 1858; Benth., Fl. Hongk. 272. 1861; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4: 589. 1885; Maxim., Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersb. 31: 83 & 84. 1886; Maxim., Mél. Biol. 12: 518. 1886; Forbes & Hemsl., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 26 [Ind. Fl. Sin. 2]: 259. 1890; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 1: 560. 1893; Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzen- fam., ed. 1, 4 (3a): 175. 1895; Kawakami, List Pl. Formos. 84. 1910; Dunn & Tutcher, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. Addit. Ser. 10: 204 & 205. 1912; J. Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. 2 (2): 531. 1912; Hickel, Bull. Soc. Dendr. France 12: 139. 1913; Bakh. in Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3: 90, 108, & viii. 1921; Sasaki, List Pl. Formos. 351. 1928; Dop in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-chine 4: 851 & 862. 1935; Kanehira, Formos. Trees, ed. 2, 648--649 & 718. 1936; Mold., Suppl. List Inv. Names 11. 1941; Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names 16. 1942; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 1, 56, 58, 59, 72, & 89. 1942; Mold., Phytologia 2: 98. 1945; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 2, 1: 560. 1946; Mold., Alph. List Cit. 1: 103 & 284 (1946), 2: 409, 562, 643, & 644 (1948), 3: 658, 666, 702, 718. 719, 811, & 828 (1949), and 4: 1010--1012, 1102, 1129, 1149, 1234, & 1254. 1949; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 2, 131, 133--136, 158, & 180. 1949; Sonohara, Tawada, & Amano, Fl. Okin. 132. 1952; St. John, Nomencl. Pl. 109. 1958; Mold., Résumé 168, 171-- 175, 215, 261, & 448. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 3, 1: 560. 1960; Hansford, Sydowia Ann. Myc., ser. 2, Beith. 2: 694. 1961; Liu, Illust. Nat. Introd. Lign. Pl. Taiwan 2: 1213, fig. 1021. 1962; Mold., Résumé Supp]. 14: 10. 1966; Yamazaki in Hara, Fl. East. Himal. 268. 1966; Mold., Resume Suppl. 16: 9. 1968; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 272, 287, 292--294, 299, 313, 358, 438, & 441 (1971) and 2: 863. 1971; Kooiman, Act. Bot. Neerl. 24: 462. 1975; Hsiao, Fl. Taiwan 4: 420 & 421 (1978) and 6: 121. 1980; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 259, 277, 281--283, 291, 304, 348, & 534. 1980; H. N. & A. L. Mold. in Dassan. & Fosb., Rev. Handb. Fl. Ceyl. 4: 475. 1983; Mold., Phy- tologia 58: 211 & 345. 1985. 414 Ph, Bb) 6 ao Vol. 58, No. 6 ]ilustrations: Liu, I]lust. Nat. Introd. Lign. Pl. Taiwan 2: 1213, pl. 1021. 1962; A shrub or undershrub, 1--4 m. tall, erect; stems often unbranch- ed, woody or semi-woody, sometimes 2--3 cm. in diameter; branches and branchlets (when present) medium-stout, obtusely tetragonal, densely short-villous with grayish-brown divergent hairs (or subto- mentose to white-tomentose), the hairs eventually wearing off; nodes not annulate, slightly flattened; leaf-scars only slightly elevated; principal internodes 1--4.5 cm. long; leaves decussate-opposite; petioles stout, 1.8--10 cm. long, very densely villous with diver- gent or subreflexed multicellular grayish-brown hairs; leaf-blades membranous, very brittle and fragile in drying, dark-green above (but brunnescent in drying), lighter beneath, ovate or broadly ovate, 7.5--16 cm. long, 5.6--12.2 cm. wide, apically short-acuminate or acute to obtuse, marginally subentire or entire (when immature) or rather irregularly and remotely dentate with rather shallow apically apiculate teeth except at the base and apex, basally subcordate or cordate to truncate, puberulent or sparsely strigillose-pilose above with scattered hairs on the lamina (denser on the larger venation), densely villous beneath especially on the midrib and larger vena- tion with hair similar to that on the petioles; midrib slender, flat above, prominent and very rapidly diminishing in size as the apex iS approached beneath; secondaries very slender, 5--7 per side, ar- Cuate-ascending, flat above, prominulent and densely villous beneath, joined in many loops near the margins; veinlet reticulation abun- dant, delicate, indiscernible above, flat beneath; inflorescence cy- mose, umbellate, solitary or paired in the upper leaf-axils or aggre- gate in a terminal cluster, long-pedunculate; peduncles stout, 4--9 cm. long, densely brown-villous with spreading hairs like the branch- lets, usually bi- or tri-parted at the apex in umbellate fashion, the branches very short, equal, densely bracteate and densely flow- ered; bracts very abundant and conspicuous, forming a pseudo-involucre under the umbellate flowers, each elliptic, 1--2.5 cm. long, 7--12 mm. wide, apically and basally acute or subacuminate, marginally en- tire, short-pubescent on both surfaces; flowers large, odorless or fragrant (depending on time of day); calyx green, membranous, about 1 cm. long, externally pubescent, 5-lobed; corolla white, the tube slender, about 1.5 cm. long; stamens exserted; fruiting-calyx en- larged, red, patelliform, the lobes purple, enclosing the fruit; fruit at first green, then red, finally bluish-black or black, com- posed of 4 nutlets. The species is based on Walkich 1804, collected from material cultivated in the Botanical Garden at Calcutta and originally from China, deposited in the East India Company Herbarium at Kew. Collectors have encountered the plant in open forests and thick- ets, forest edges, and open valleys, growing in clumps in shaded can- yons and small ravines, in light woods and rocky ground, on open hillsides, and along streamsides, at altitudes of 60--1000 m., in flower in February, April to July, September, October, and December, and in fruit from May to July and September to November. Tsiang describes it as an undershrub in dense mixed woods in Kwangtung; 1985 Moldenke, Notes on CLerodendrwm 415 Keng found it as an undershrub in shady woods, Taan refers to it as abundant on clay slopes; Lau says that it is only "rare" in thickets in loam on dry cliffs; while Lei reports it fairly common as scat- tered shrubs in sandy soil on dry gentle slopes in forests, but "rare on dry level land" on Hainan island. Dunn & Dutcher (1912) found it "On Mt. Victoria and other places" in Hong Kong, Lantau Island, New Territory, Swatow, Daiheung, and Magao, blooming there in May. Sonohara and his associates (1952) de- scribes it as a naturalized ornamental on Okinawa. Yamazaki (1966) reports it as native to Indochina, southern China, and Formosa and naturalized in India. Hsiao (1978) reports C. canescens from northern, central, and eastern Formosa, as well aS mainland China, citing from Formosa Faunie 299, Hsieh & Kao 4.n. [1955], Masamune 4.n. [1938], and Price 299 & 707. The corollas are described as “white” by most authors [e.g., Dunn & Tutcher (1912) and Yamazaki (1966)] and on Ching 2001, Ferris 12092, Hu 10102, Lau 1464, Let 627, Liang 63080, McChure 3188, Taam 1458, and Tsui 209, but on Tsang 802, Tsang & Fung 271, and Taur 526 & 625 they are said to have been "red" -- probably the fruiting- calyx, not the corollas, is here being referred to, but if the corol- las were truly red, then, obviously, an undescribed color form of the species is indicated. In some other species with normally white corollas, a red-flowered form has been noted by collectors, but, again, it is not certain (to me) that the writers of the labels ac- companying the collections did not inadvertently make an error in writing "flowers red" instead of "fruit red", especially since most collectors' handwritten notes use the abbreviations "fls." and "“frs. Clarke (1885) reports C£Lenodendrwm canescens cultivated in India and regards it as "closely allied to C. baacteatum Wall.", which is most certainly true. Maximowicz (1886) cites Reeves 4.n. from south- ern China and quotes Bentham (1861) as describing it as “frequens in planitie” in Hong Kong, but noting “Extra Chinam non inventum". Actually, C. canescens iS known from at least six provinces of main- land China. Jackson (1893) mis-cites this species to Wallich's no. "7800", which is the type collection of C. bracteatum Wall., instead of to his no. 1804. Steudel's 1840 publication is sometimes cited as pub- lished in "1841", the titlepage date for the whole work. Steudel, as well as more recent authors, including Merrill, regarded C. can- escens aS conspecific to and a synonym of C, viscosum Vent., but this is not correct. The two taxa are abundantly distinct, as will be brought out in my forthcoming discussion of the latter species. Similarly, C. haematocafyx Hance is regarded as conspecific with and a synonym of C, canescens by Matsumura (1912) and Liu (1962), but Hance's plant is plainly C. viklosum Blume. Common and vernacular names recorded for C. canescens are “kai tim foh", "kusagina", "kwai tim foh", “Shirage-kusagi", “taai se shue", and “woolly glorybower". Hansford (1961) lists C. canescens as a host for the fungus Meki- ola cLlernodendri P. Henn. in Tonkin, Vietnam, based on Bon 5857. Dunn & Tutcher (1912) give the following key (nomenclature brought 416 PRY Ore Ge iaA Vol. 58, No. 6 up-to-date by me) to the species of CLerodendauwm known to them from China: 1. Inflorescence axillary. 2. Calyx troncate, scarcely: THOmnes | 5 a scgeccpi eo beyee C. inewune. 2h. Caryn aCatelyeo- F406 60% a Sone ccctsaiposeuseeeess C. fortunatum. la. Inflorescence terminal, paniculate. 3. Pahicle compact. Ae Cal YReLECLNCSUOM TALE. 5 tl >a +n ee bw ap ob Bobb pot C. philippinum. Sa. Cal yx-teeth" Ovale’, . ACUMINATE 0» D/c0.s pm op eso sas ve C. canescens. 3a. Panicles lax. 5. Corolla scarlet; leaves with peltate scales..... C. kaempferr. Sa. Corolla whitish; leaves without scales...:..C, cyntophyftum. Hsiao (1978) gives the following key to the specific and subspe- cific taxa known to him from Formosa (Taiwan): Vea eM IN INOS ¥1NeS44 5c oe ols op Abb ine We «bis Mee by coke eae ep C. thomsonae. la. Erect shrubs. 2. Inflorescence axillary, 3-flowered; calyx truncate...C. inewme. 2a. Inflorescence terminal, in many-flowered cymes or panicles; calyx lobed. 3. Inflorescence in globose cymose heads; bracts foliaceous. 4. Calyx and bracts shorter than or as long as the fruits, with: large peliate glands.) os 2 obs os \o en C. philippinum. 4a. Calyx and bracts much longer than the fruits, without pel- TALE, BIANOS. CK | Gade ote sae afaiees Sele tall oles. > kane C. canescens. 3a. Inflorescence of lax cymes or elongated thyrsi; bracts lin- ear, small. 5. Leaves with many sand-like glands beneath. 6. Leaf-margins shallowly toothed, not lobed; inflorescence OFT ONE TOG n cnata ajoks tS: clan wis aPePolale shane spt ae nes C. anteunedium. 6a. Leaves 3--5-lobed; inflorescence orange-red............. C. paniculatum. 5a. Leaves without sand-like glands beneath. 7. Leaf-blades elltptic-lanceolate; corolla-tube short, to Ee OWES MP Sis ates aie ae we ahve oc thes Sale C. cyrtophyltum. 7a. Leaf-blades ovate to elliptic; corolla-tube oblong, to 3.5 cm. Jong. 8. Branchlets, leaves, and inflorescence densely covered with rust-colored tomentum.........C. trichotomum var. ferrugineum, 8a. Branchlets, leaves, and inflorescences glabrous or only slightly puberulous. 9. Sepals reddish; leaf-blades ovdte, pubescent......... C. trichotomum. Qa. Sepals greenish; leaf-blades ovate-lanceolate, sub- Gta brows sa ih ags nis tee C. trichotomum var. fargesi. Material of C. canescens has been misidentified and distributed in some herbaria as C. baacteatum Wall., C. foetidum Bunge, C. frag- mans Vent., C. haematocalyx Hance, C. paniculatum L., C. trichotomum Thunb., and C. viscosum Vent. On the other hand, the Cof€ectonr undetermined 4.n., Jenkins 4.n. [Assam], and Thomson 4,n,, distributed as C. canescens, actually are 1985 Moldenke, Notes on CLerodendrum 417 C. baacteatum Wall., while Ekeberg 4.n. iS C. fortunatwm L., Amano 6251 is C. Lindkeys Decaisne, and Hemry 393 is C. phikippinum f. multiplex (Sweet) Mold. Citations: INDIA: Assam: Hooker £ Thomson 4.n. [Mont. Khasia] (W--2497099). CHINA: Chekiang: Ching 2001 (Ca--281837, W--1246860); Keng 1127 (Ca--362132). Fukien: Ging 5391 (Ca--322194). Hunan: Fan £ Li 90 (Bz--20946). Kiangsi: Lau 3982 (S, W--1752728); Taian 10197 (N). Kwangtung: F, A. McCéune 1193 [Herb. Canton, Chr. toll. 13114] (Ca--287645); Tak a.n. [Herb. Lingnan Univ. 17383] (Ca-- 373905); Tsiang 2772 (N); Tsui 209 (N), 526 (Ba, Ca--612259, N, W-- 1754710), 625 (Bz--20949); Ying 749 (Ca--358095). Yunnan: Ferris 12092 (Du--330692); Maine 2949 (N, W--775707); C. Schneider 166] (W--776193). Province undetermined: Chun & Ting 562 (Ac). CHINESE COASTAL ISLANDS: Hainan: Chun 6618 (N); Chun & Tso 43444 (N); Lau 1464 (N), 3044 (Bi, S); Lec 627 (B, Ba, Bz--20948, Ca--611528, Mi, N, W--1754221), 693 (B, Ba, N, W--1754261); Liang 63080 (Mi, Mu, N); F. A. McCfure 3188 [Herb. Canton Chr. Coll. 9736] (Ld--photo, N-- photo, Ph); Tak 634 [Herb. Lingnan Univ. 17383] (Ca--356523), 602 [Herb. Lingnan Univ. 16301] (Ca--326087); Tsang 802 [Herb. Lingnan Univ. 16301[ (Ba, Bz--19039, Ca--13853, N, S, W--1249552); Tsang & Fung 271 [Herb. Lingnan Univ. 17805] (N). Lantau: McClure, Herb. Lingnan Univ. 13114 (N, S); Ying 667 (Du--200924). HONG KONG: Chan 1059 (Mi); Chun 6429 (Ca--357802); Foard a.n. [14-6-93] (N); Hu 10102 (W--2731181); Taam 1458 (Ca--82679, Mi, N, W--2063736); Weiss 1929 (Bz--20947); Wilford 405 (K, Ld--photo, N--photo); C. Wright 4.n. [Hong Kong] (T, W--44910); Ying 667 (N, W--1513065). MACAO: Gaudi- chaud 621 (W--2497074); Hi’febrand s.n. (K). VIETNAM: Tonkin: Péte- Lot 6174 (N, N, W--1759392). TAIWAN: Asai 21485 (Ca--344609); H 1537 (Ba); Price 707 (K, N); Simada 312 (Ca--345393). CULTIVATED: India: Herb. Hort. Bot. Calceut. 4.n. (K); Waklich 1804 (Bm--isotype, Bm--isotype, K--isotype, K--isotype, Pd--isotype), 6315A (Pd). MOUNTED ILLUSTRATIONS: Liu, Illust. Nat. Introd. Lign. Pl. Taiwan 12t4., Pl. t0cL: 2962 (id): CLERODENDRUM CAPITATUM (Willd.) Schum. & Thonn., Beskr. Guin. Pl. 287. 1827 [not C. capitatum Hook., 1862, nor Klotzsch, 1937]. Synonymy: VoLkamenia capitata Willd. in L., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [5], 3 (2): 384. 1802. VoLkameria foliis ovatis, integerrimis, scabris; §Loribus terminalibus, capitatis, catyce folioso Willd. ex Lam., En- cycl. Méth. Bot. 8: 691 in syn. 1808. C£erodendron capitatum Schum. & Thonn. ex Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 4: 673. 1845. CLenodendron capitatum Schum. ex W. J. Hook., Curtis Bot. Mag. 74 [ser. 3, 4]: pl. 4355. 1848. Vo£ckameria capitata Willd. apud W. J. Hook., Cur- tis Bot. Mag. 74 [ser. 3, 4]: pl. 4355 in syn. 1848. C£Lenodendron capitatum Schum. & Thou. apud Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 1: 560. 1893. C£enodendron francavilleanum Buchinger ex J. G. Baker in Thiselt.-Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. 5: 305 in syn. 1900. CLerodendrum capitatum var. subdentatum DeWild., Etud. FI. tate 1: 117. 1903. CLenodendrum capitatum var. subconrdatum DeWild., Etud. Fl. Katanga 1: 117. 1903. Siphonanthus capitata S. Moore, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 37: 198. 1905. C£enodendron obanense Wernh., 418 ee ee Se ae Vol. 58, No. 6 Cat. Talb. Niger. Pl. 91. 1913. Chenodendrwm francavilleanum Buch- inger ex B. Thomas, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 68: [Gatt. Clerod.] 64 in syn. 1936. CLerodendron capitatum var. subcondatwm DeWild. ex Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names 16 in syn. 1942. C£Lenodendron capitatum var. éubdentatum DeWild. ex Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names 16 in syn. 1942. CLerodendrium capitatum var. capitatum [Willd.] ex Huber in Hutch. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 2: 440 & 443. 1963. CLenodendraum capitatum Schum. ex Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 461 in syn. 1971. CLeno- dendrum cap.tatum var. capitatum Huber ex Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 390 in syn. 1980. CLenodendrwm capitatum var. capitatum (Willd.) Schum. & Thonn. ex Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 391 in syn. 1980. Bibliography: Willd. in L., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [5], 3 (2): 384. 1802; Poir. in Lam., Encycl. Méth. Bot. 8: 691. 1808; Pers., Sp. Pl. 3: 364. 1819; Schum. & Thonn., Beskr. Guin. Pl. 287. 1827; Schum. & Thonn., Kongl. Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk. Afhandl. 4: 61. 1829; Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 4: 101 & 109. 1845; Schau. in A. DC., Prodr. 11: 657 & 673. 1847; W. Hook., Curtis Bot. Mag. 74 [ser. 3, 4]: pl. 4355. 1848; Hook. f. & Benth. in W. Hook., Niger Fl. 486. 1849; Buek, Gen. Spec. Sym. CANDOLL. #: 105 & 502. 1858; Seem., Bonplandia 10: 250. 1862; Lefroy, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. 25: 97. 1884; ‘Oliv. in W. Hook., Icon. Pl. 16 [ser. 2, 6]: pl. 1559 in textu. 1887; GUrke, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 18: 172 & 173. 1893; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 1: 560. 1893; Glrke in Engl., Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C: 340. 1895; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 1, 2: 1219. 1895; J. G. Baker in Thiselt.-Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. 5: 294, 305--306, & 518. 1900; K. Schum., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 28 (1): 496. 1902; DeWild., Ann. Mus. Congo Bot., ser. 4, 1: 117 (1903) and ser. 5, 3: 132. 1909; A. Chev., Sudania 1: 43. 1911; DeWild., Ann. Mus. Cong. Belg. Bot., SOF wi 3. AOb al Olas Bh. cnev., Etud. FL. Ath. Cent. Franc. 1: 244. ivis: Dewi. . Hui! nov. soc. BOL, Belg. 9) ‘(ay Lsers 2. Ti> are 203, 280, & 294. 1913; Prain, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 4, imp. 1, 166. 1913; Wernh., Cat. Talb. Niger. Pl. 91. 1913; J. H. Holland, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. Addit. Ser. 9 [Useful Pl. Nigeria 3]. 3: 523. 1915; S. Moore, Journ. Bot. Brit. 57: 249. 1919; A. Chev., Expl. Bot. Afr. Occ. Frang. 1: 507--508, 1920; DeWild., Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 7: 165. 1920; Fedde & Schust., Justs Bot. Jahresber. 42: 252. 1920; Bakh. in Lam & Bakh., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., ser. 3, 3: 75, 86, & viii. 1921; DeWild., Pl. Bequaert. 2: 256. 1922; Irvine, Pl. Gold Coast 11 & 109. 1930; Stapf, Ind. Lond. 2: 238. 1930; Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 1, 2: 273. 1931; Watt & Breyer-Brand- Witk. Med. Thi SOna Fl... 3. Ar.» C4. Ly, 199 & 230. VWS932; B. Thomas, Eng]. Bot. Jahrb. 68: [Gatt. Clerod.] 9, 10, 14, 38, 64--66, 92, & 93. 1936; Dalz., Useful Pl. W. Trop. Afr. 454. 1937; Mold., Prelim. Alph. List Inv. Names 19 & 22. 1940; Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names 16, 17, 19--21, 40, & 56. 1942; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verben- ac., ed. 1, 45--51, 72, & 89. 1942; Mold., Phytologia 2: 98. 1945; Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 2, 1: 560 (1946) and imp. 2, 2: 1219. 1946; MBF i Die ASE CV La Le than dl acct un Wo ao ets . Cans ils. eee isb., Ind. Kew. Suppl. 10: 55. 1947; Mold., Alph. List Inv. Names SMD wth cae boats Hot Won8A. L- MOUdne Flo Lite 2: 52. 8.85, 19e6: Mold., Alph. List Cit. 2: 407, 501, 504, 563--565, 600, 607, & 608 1985 Moldenke, Notes on CLerodendrum 419 (1948), 3: 761 (1949), and 4: 983, 1153, & 1154. 1949; Mold., Known Geogr. Distrib. Verbenac., ed. 2, 109--118, 120, 158, & 180. 1949, Kerharo & Bouquet, Pl. Méd. Tox. Cote Iv. 231. 1950; Roberty, Pet. Fl. Ouest-Afr. 179. 1954; Synge in Chittenden, Roy. Hort. Soc. Dict. Hort., ed. 2, 1: 505. 1956; Jaeger, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 104: 192. 1957; Prain, Ind. Kew. Supp]. 4, imp. 2, 166. 1958; Mold., Résumé 433, ¥35==239 9 14) 509834145, 146,09 149, 150,) 215, 261=-263';,. 2674 270, 272, 344, 391, 426, & 448. 1959; Mold., Résumé Suppl. 1: 9. 1959; Jacks. in Hook. f. & Jacks., Ind. Kew., imp. 3, 1: 560 (1960) and imp. 3, 2: 1219. 1960; Dale & Greenway, Kenya Trees 582. 1961; Hansford, Sydowia Ann. Myc., ser. 2, Beih. 2: 689 & 694. 1961; Ir- vine, Woody Pl. Ghana 752 & 753, pl. 32. 1961; Jaeger, Wonderf. Life Fis. 104, [162], &8 170, pl. 86. 1961; Lind & Tallantire, Some Comm. Flow. Pl. Uganda, ed. 1, 147 & 238. 1962; Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk, Med. Poison. Pl. S. Afr., ed. 2, 1047 & 1372. 1962; F. White, For. Fl. North. Rhodes. 365 & 367. 1962; H. Huber in Brenan & al., Kew Bull. 17: 174 & 576. 1963; H. Huber in Hutchins. & Dalz., Fl. W. Trop. Afr., ed. 2. 2: 440 & 443. 1963; Lawton, Kirkia 3: 61. 1963; Meikle, Kew Bull. 17: 174. 1963; Seaforth, W. Afr. Journ. Biol. Ap- pl. Chem. 7: 28, 29, & 31. 1963; Anon., Assoc. Etud. Tax. Fl. Afr. Trop. Ind. 1963: 60. 1964; Langsdale-Br., Osmoston, & Wils., Veg. Uganda 112. 1964; Mold., Résumé Suppl. 11: 6 (1964) and 12: 6. 1965; Hepper, Bull. Inst. Fond. Afr. Noire 27: 495. 1965; Grout de Beau- fort & Schnell, Mem. Inst. Fond. Afr. Noire 75: 9 & 41--43, pl. 9, fig. C & D. 1966; Mold., Résumé Supp]. 13: 4. 1966; Schnell & Grout de Beaufort, Contrib. Etud. Pl. Myrmecod. 41--43, pl. 9, fig. C & D. 1966; Berhaut, Fl. Senegal, ed. 2, 109 & 114. 1967; Mold., Résumé Supp]. 15: 6 (1967) and 16: 13. 1968; H. Rose, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris, ser. 2, 39: 1008. 1968; Mold., Résumé Suppl. 18: 6. 1969; Richards & Morony, Check List Fl. Mbala 236. 1969; El-Hamidi, Pl. Med. 18: 279. 1970; Farnsworth, Pharmacog. Titles 5 (11): v & title 14758. 1970; Gillett, Numb. Check-list Trees Kenya 46. 1970; Morley, Wild Fls. World pl. 60c. 1970; Vergiat, Journ. Agric. Trop. Bot. Appliq. 17: 334--335. 1970; Willaman & Li, Lloydia 33, Suppl. 3a: 220. 1970; Farnsworth, Pharmacog. Titles 5, Cum. Gen. Ind. 1971; Lind & Tallantire, Some Com. Flow. Pl. Uganda, ed. 2, 146--147, 238, 254, 256, & 259. 1971; Mold., Fifth Summ. 1: 209, 210, 212, 214, 215, 2175-2214, 2234)-225.2:227.,. 22852 232%,.233522357 23958 2405242, 24550249, 250, 358, 412, 441, 442, 445, 452, 457, & 461 (1971) and 2: 621, 732, 863, & 968. 1971; Den Outer, Meded. Landbouwhogs. Wagen. 72-21: 7 & 15. 1972; Lewalle, Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg. 42 [Trav. Univ. Off. Bujumb. Fac. Sci. C.20]: 76 & [230]. 1972; F. Perry, Fils. World 304 & 313. 1972; Jaeger & Mold., Phytologia 30: 387, 389--393, 404, & 405, fig. 1--5. 1975; Mold., Phytol. Mem. 2: 200, 201, 203--213, 215,.°22256 218s) 2224" 22339225, 5229... 2805" 2325..235 22365" 238, 2405 348, 390, 391, 437, 461, & 534--535. 1980; Munz & Slauson, Ind. I1- lust. Living Things Outside N. Am. 127 & 336. 1981; Reis & Lipp, New Pl. Sources Drugs 251. 1982; Mold., Phytologia 57: 346, 479, & 481 (1985) and 58: 198, 302, 303, & 330. 1985. Illustrations: W. J. Hook., Curtis Bot. Mag. 74 [ser 3, 4]: pl. 4355 (in color). 1848; Irvine, Woody Pl. Ghana pl. 32 (b). 1961; 420 Phe Ve Torch O;GhA Vol. 58, No. 6 Jaeger, Wonderf. Life Fls. [162], pl. 86. 1961; Grout de Beaufort & Schnell, Mem. Inst. Fond. Afr. Noir 75: 43, pl. 9, fig. C & D. 1966; Morley, Wild Fls. World pl. 60c (in color). 1970; F. Perry, Fis. World 304 (in color). 1972; Jaeger & Mold., Phytologia 30: 390--393, fig. 1--5. 1975. A small, handsome, erect, or scrambling to subscandent or scandent shrub or subshrub, often producing basal runners, 1--4 m. tall, sometimes a woody liana to 6m. long. or even a tree to 10 m. tall [fide Chevalier], sometimes appearing to be herbaceous [fide Morte- han]; stems hollow, ridged, with very stout spines (phyllopodia) to 1.5 cm. long, often with internodal, 2 mm. wide, circular orifices made by in-dwelling ants, often unbranched; branches and branchlets, when present, slender, mostly subterete (when young) or obtusely tetragonal (when older), more or less densely uncinate-puberulent with appressed whitish hairs and more or less densely hirsute with intermingled, stiff, spreading, brownish or fuscous, multicellular hairs 1--1.5 mm. long, the latter densest on young growth and wear- ing off in age; nodes not annulate, very slightly or not at all flattened; leaf-scars often very much elevated and prominent as spur- like projections 1--2 mm. long on older wood; principal internodes 1--4.5 cm. long, often with circular openings to internal ant- dwellings; leaves decussate-opposite or subopposite, often only ap- proximate (or apparently alternate) with the members of a pair to 2.5 cm. apart, or even subternate, the lower and mature ones very long-petiolate, the upper and immature ones only short-petiolate; petioles very slender, 0.4--5.5 cm. long, deeply canaliculate above with the 2 parallel margins densely brown- or ferruginous-hirsute like the young branchlets, the lower (convex) side near the apex often also sparsely hirsute, basally very slightly, if at all, am- pliate, leaving a spine-like stub after falling; leaf-blades membran- ous, dark- or bluish-green above, somewhat lighter beneath, obovate- oblong or elliptic, or the smaller ones subovate, ovate, or obovate, 4.5--30 cm. long, 2--10 cm. wide, apically rather long-acuminate or cuspidate on the lower (larger) leaves, acute or short-acuminate on the upper (smaller) ones (the acumen mostly apically rather blunt), marginally entire or undulate to rather obscurely sinuate-dentate with 1--4 teeth on each margin at and above the middle, basally acute on larger leaves, obtuse or rounded to subcordate on smaller ones, puberulent on both surfaces or very sparsely scattered-pilose above, glabrescent in age, scattered-pilose and punctate on the lamina beneath, more densely pilose or hirsute on the midrib and larger veins beneath, or the younger ones subpilose and the older ones ferruginous-hairy on the veins (especially beneath); midrib slender, flat or subimpressed above, prominent beneath; secondaries slender, 3--9 per side, ascending, usually arcuate only near the margins, plainly joined in many loops several mm. from the margins, usually subimpressed above, rather sharply prominulent beneath; vein and veinlet reticulation fine, slightly subprominulent on both sur- faces or the larger portions subimpressed above and sharply promin- ulent beneath; inflorescence showy, terminal, sessile, globose, the panicles umbellate-capitate, densely many-flowered, conspicu- 1985 Moldenke, Notes on CLerodendrum 421 ously bracteose, 15--23 cm. wide, sometimes also borne on the older wood; bracts numerous, foliaceous, short-stalked, elliptic or lance- olate, 1.5--2.7 cm. long, uSually about equaling the subtended calyx, clustered in involucrate fashion, 3-veined, pilose on the venation like the leaves and along the margins, apically subulate-acuminate, basally acute or rounded, reticulate; peduncles obsolete or short and hairy; inflorescence-branches obsolete or very much abbreviated and completely hidden by the imbricate bracts, long-pilose like the branchlets; flowers conspicuous, showy, very fragrant; calyx large, tubular-campanulate, 1--2 cm. long, 7--10 mm. wide, pale-green, even- tually turning wine-red, lax, deeply 5-parted, its tube short, in- fundibular, internally glabrous, externally pilose or glabrous and marked with peltate glands, the segments oblong or ovate, 10--12 mm. long, basally united, apically acute, densely ciliate, nearly equal, membranous, erecto-patent, reticulate, externally brown-pilose (es- pecially marginally), often purple or purple-tipped; corolla white, creamy-white, or greenish-white to pale-pink, showy, to 12.5 cm. long, infundibular, externally densely glandular-pubescent, the tube very slender or filiform, elongate, 3--12 cm. long (depending on stage of development), externally glandular-pilose, geniculate below the limb and there ampliate, internally basally puberulent, the seg- ments 5, ovate or subobovate to oblong, 1--1.5 cm. long, 5--7 mm. wide, subequal, apically obtuse, regularly radiate-spreading or sub- oblique, finally recurved, 3--5-veined; stamens inserted at the apex of the corolla-tube, long-exserted; filaments 3.5--4 cm. long, uSu- ally 2--3 times the length of the corolla-lobes, upwardly curvate; anthers red; style long-exserted, 10--12 cm. long, glabrous; ovary globose, externally glabrous; fruiting-calyx persistent, accrescent, wine-red; fruit drupaceous, bilobed, composed of 4 nutlets, enclosed by the fruiting-calyx until mature, brilliant dark-purple to black when ripe; seeds “black on one side, with an orange-red aril showing on the other" (fide Meyer 8036). The species is based on Herb. Wikkdenow 11682 from the Guinea coast, so designated by Thomas (1936). Collectors have encounter- ed the species in forests, gallery and tropical rainforests, dense thickets, relict forests of Paninari excelsa, the understory of dense forests of ChnrysophylLum pruniforme, Blighia welwitschii, Ficus Sp., Tnecoulia africana, MacnoLobium Limba, Anthocleista nobilis, Pteris marginata, and Bolbitis acnostichoides, along riverbanks, and along roadsides in recently cultivated land, at altitudes of 280--2300 m., in flower from June to January and in March, and in fruit in April and from July to November. The corollas are uniformly described as having been "white" by all collectors who have bothered to record the color (viz., Angus 2796, Barter 4.n., Chevalier 6294, 6516, & 13994, Lebrun 5130, Vogel 34 & 4.n., and Zenker & Staudt 428, but is given as "Snow-white" on Dimmer 265 and "creamy-white" by Bakhuizen (1921) and by Synge (1956). CLerodendrum capitatum var. butayec DeWild. and var. butayeri De Wild. are regarded by me as belonging in the synonymy of C. ango- hense Glirke, C. capitatum var.conglobatum Thomas is regarded by me as valid (q.v.), var. condatum Peter is a synonym of C. ¢autectorum 422 PAH, Ye TeOoL oO, Gad A Vol. 58, No. 6 S. Moore, and var. tafbotii (Wernh.) Thomas is also valid (q.v.); C. capitatum Hook. is a synonym of C, whitfiekdii Seem. and C, capita- tum Klotzsch is Aegiphila macnantha Ducke. The C. capitatum var. subcordatum DeWild., referred to in the syn- onymy (above) is based on Vendick 422 in the Brussels herbarium. Bakhuizen (1921) and Baker (1900) include in the synonymy of C, capitatum the following taxa: C, mossambicense Klotzsch, C. nobustum Klotzsch, and C, stenanthum Klotzsch -- the first of these 1] regard as a valid taxon distinct from C, capitatwm, the second is regarded by me as C, ¢dscheri var. nobustum (Klotzsch) Thomas, and the last is a synonym of C, mossambicense. Bakhuizen also includes C, whit- fieldix Seem. as a synonym of C. capitatum, but 1 regard it as a valid taxon. Some other authors include C. tafbotii Wernh., C. ¢nutecto- num S. Moore, and C, hirsutum G. Don in the synonymy of C. capitatum, but I regard the first as C. capitatum var. talbotii (Wernh.) Thomas, the second as a valid species, and the last as a synonym of C, wmbel- fatum Poir. CLenodendrum obanense, included in the synonymy (above), is based On Talbot 2081 from Oban, deposited in the British Museum herbarium. CLerodendrum capitatum is described by Irvine (1961) as "almost a tree", while on Chaessens 542, Lebrun 5130 and Mullenders 2326 it is referred to as a "liana"; on Montehan 1097 it is said to be "a herba- ceous plant". (Claessens 542 exhibits leaves arranged in approxi- mately ternate fashion on the branches. On Chevakier 13994 the plant is described as a "tree 10 m. tall with white latex" (!) [surely an error in observation]. Langsdale-Brown and his associates (1964) describe it as "a climber in both young and old Piptadenia-Albizzia- Celtis forests" in Uganda. Roberty (1954) describes it as "Variable, avec une forme géopyro- phytic ou septentrionale, a tiges simples et dressées, non dénommée, et diverses formes méridionales,%, parfois trés, longuement lianes- centes." Willdenow's original (1802) description is: "VoLkameria capitata. W. t V. foliis ovatis integerrimis scabris, floribus terminalibus Capitatis, calyce foliaceo. W. Kopff8rmiger Volkamerie. W. Habi- tat in Guinea. f (v. s.). Rami obtuse tetragoni canescentes glabri, a petiolorum rudimentis obtusis prominentibus tuberculati. Folia opposita remota oblongo-ovata acuminata, acumine obtuse mucronato, integerrima venosa, utrinque a pilis dissitis scabriuscula. Flores albi in capitulo terminali breve pedunculato .quinquefloro. Calyx campanulatus, limbo tripartito, laciniis maximis oblongis foliaceis mucronatis reticulato-venosis ciliatis. Corollae tubus filiformis longissimus bipollicaris et ultra, limbo quinquepartito inaequali, laciniis oblongis obtusis. Stamina longissime exserta. Fructus ignotus. W." CLerodendraum [not CLenodendron] capitatum (Willd.) Schum. & Thonn. waS apparently originally published in Beskr. Guin. Pl. 287 (1827). Pritzel gives the date of this publication as "1828", but the title- page of Schumann & Thonning's paper is imprinted "1827" and the late Dr. John Hendley Barnhart, eminent bibliographer at the New York Bo- tanical Garden, has personally checked carefully and agrees with 1827 1985 Moldenke, Notes on CLerodendraum 423 as the valid date of publication. The Index Kewensis gives the ci- tation as "Dan. Vid. Selsk. Afh..4: 61. 1828. Afr..trop.” It ap- pears that volume 3 of this series was published in 1828 and volume 4 in 1829, although Kew gives the date as "1828" for volume 4. ODr. Barnhart informed me that he at first thought that vol. 4 con- tained the original publication and that the other reference was a reprint of it, but after checking through five reliable bibl iograph- ic sources he has come to the conclusion that the formerly regarded reprint was the actual original publication. Hooker (1848) comments that “There never was a period, perhaps, when so many splendid new plants were introduced to our stoves and greenhouses as at the present; and these, it must be confessed, come very much through the instrumentality of our eminent and spirited Nurserymen, and the encouragement given by them to Collectors abroad. The late volumes of the Botanical Magazine will bear me out in this assertion; and the subject now figured is certainly not among the least splendid of recent arrivals. It is from the collection of Messrs. Lucombe, Pince, and Co. of Exeter, and was imported by them through Mr. Whitfield from Sierra Leone. It consequently requires stove hedt, and it has the merit of flowering while the plants are small, . Notwithstanding some slight discrepancies, I have every reason to believe this is the VoLckamenria capitata and equally the CLerodendron capitatum of Schumacher, more fully described in the Plants of Guinea. It is a species so little known to Botanists that in DeCandolle's Prodromus it is placed among ‘species denuo recog- noscendae'. The length and spread of the corollas are so consider- able, that at first sight the capitata character is not distinctly visible; but it will be seen that the bases of the flowers, the calyxes, are collected into a dense head. The fragrance is no less remarkable than the beauty of the flowers and foliage." GUrke (1893) claims that C. capitatum is closely related to C. fischeri Girke, which differs chiefly in its large, very thickly coriaceous, subrotund leaf-blades with very prominent venation, and this statement is quite true. Baker (1900) claims it to be "near C, buchnenrni GUrke. He refers to C. capitatum as "Ein kleiner, etwas kletternder Strauch mit langgestielten eiférmigen, zuweilen grobge- zdhnten, dUnnhdutigen B[ldtter] u. képfchenfdrmigen BluUthenstdnden, deren nach allen Seiten abstehende, bis 6 cm lange weisse Bl[tthen ] einen sehr schinen Anblick gewdhren." Common and vernacular names recorded for C. capitatum include “agbul u uwagh", "“ayeti", “bibok", "bimbo", “®@bran", "“ekisekeseke", "“@ titimol", "ferméme", "firi-fore", "fuemdmi", “furu-fure", "illiri", “iye", "koloko vuma", “korlejiga", "makanchete", "mashayi", "motuam", "nyekpe", "nyékpe", "“obranmotuam", "“ododobed", "“pfufulla", “pipe-tree", “pipetree", "purtul", “taasen dua", "taasendua", "tabeteo", "“tabeto", "tasendua", "tataba", "tete", "“tramen", “tromen", and “volkamier capité". The name “furu-fure" is also ap- plied to C. umbeffatum Poir. and probably to other species as well; the name "mashayi" means “something to drink or smoke with", i.e., a pipe. Jaeger (1957) reports that the corolla-tubes of C. capitatum are 424 ruWT?rit Leeuw Vol. 58, No. 6 regularly penetrated by the tongues on moths and butterflies for the nectar therein contained. Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk (1962) report the use of this species as a purgative in Zambia and central Africa, where the natives also “rub the powdered root bark, with other ingredients, into scarifications on the abdominal wall to relieve intestinal troubles". In Tangan- yika the hollow stems are used to make smoking pipes. Seaforth (1963) reports alkaloids and saponins present in this plant. Vergiat (1970) notes that "Pour se parfumer, les femmes in- digenes réduisent les fleurs en poudre puis se passent cette poudre sur le cou. La decoction des feuilles, en ablution dans le cas de courbature. Les rameaux tubulaires servent & confectionner les sifflets d'appel fétichiste pour les génies Ngakola et Mbotche. Les feuilles associées a celle de kenga, Zingibéracée, Costus Schkech- teri, servant 4 jeter des sorts. Si on les dépose la nuit sur le toit d'une case, on cause une affection & l'occupant. Pour le guerir et le délivrer du maléfice, on lui donne & boire la décoction de la racine apres y avoir ajouté quelques gouttes d'huile de palme." El-Hanmridi (1970) reports that in the Sudan the roots of this spe- cies are used in treating skin inflammations and swellings. In Zam- bia the stems “hollowed out by ants", are much sought after by the natives for making pipes for sucking up beer. Willaman & Li (1970) report finding an unidentified alkaloid in parts of the plant. Irvine (1961) tells us that "The hollow stems are used as tobacco pipes [in Ghana], and to convey palm-wine from the felled tree to the pot beneath. Good straight poles are made from the stems of this ornamental shrub in Nyasaland (Clements). The root is taken hot for severe stomach pains in Nyasaland (Clements, Herb. Oxf.). A root decoction is drunk on the Iv[ory] Coast for orchitis and ele- phantiasis of the scrotum, the leaf-pulp with Capsicum pepper being used aS an enema for the same purpose. This preparation is applied to generalized oedemas. A decoction of leafy stem-tips is consid- ered febrifugal and a decoction of leaves and inflorescences is used for bathingcankers, and as a gargle for toothache." Much the same information is given by Kerharo & Bouquet (1950). Hansford (1961) records the fungus, Meliola clenodendri Hansf., from this host in Ghana, based on Hughes in IM1.43563 & 43587 and Meliola cherodendricoka P. Henn., based on Deighton CB.1013 and Vanderyst 34386, 43100, 43117, 43136, & 43140, the Deighton collec- tion from Ghana and the Vanderyst collections from Zaire. Epiphytic hepatics were found on and removed from the leaves of Lebrun 5130 by Dr. D. P. Rogers, DeWildeman (1909) cites Gentié £ Gillet 2764, Gillet 4.n., Les- crauwaet 24 & §7, and Senet 135 from Zaire. Chevalier (1913) cites Chevalier 6089 & 10772 from upper Ubangi and 6294 & 6516 from upper Chari, in the Central African Republic, describing the plant as an "Arbuste de 1 a 2 metres de hauteur, baies noirs....fleurs blanches". Thomas (1936) cites Wikldenow 11682 from the Guinea coast ;Kenrsting A.65 from Togo; Vogek 1841 from Ghana; Barter 342, Eliot 4.n., Mac Gregor 23, and Milken 45 from Nigeria; Lederamann 4354 & 5212 from the 1985 Moldenke, Notes on CLerodendrum 425 Cameroons; and Mechow 137 from Angola. Irvine (1961) describes the habitat of C. capitatum in Ghana as coastal savannas and closed forests, giving its overall distribu- tion, as known to him, as "Senegambia to Cameroons, Upper Nile Land, Uganda, E. Africa, and the Rhodesias", citing from Ghana Dalziel 143, Deighton 3430, Fishlock 40, Howes 945, Invine 748, 873, & 1973, Vig- ne 1331, 2523, & 3445, and Vogel 4.n. Huber (1963) cites Bergaut 423 & 3157 from Sénégal; Brooks &, Frith 125, Hayes 502, and Ingram 4.n. from Gambia, Chevalier &32b44, 2573, & 2751 and Jaeger 11 from Mali; Esp. Santo 3088 from Guinea Bissau; Caikfe in Herb. Chevalier 14678 and Jacques-Félixn 1880 from the Republic of Guinea; King 156b, Maxmo 289, Miszewski 47, and Thomas 2233 & 2379 from Sierra Leone; Harley 792 from Liberia; Che- valier 21938 from Ivory Coast; Dalziel 143, Danko WACRI.8&90, Invine 748 & 1973, and T. Vogel 4.n. from Ghana; Kersting A.65 & A.191 from Togo; Banter 4.n., Dakziek 107, Lely 435 & 497, and Noble 6 from Northern Nigeria; Banter 342, Newberry 60, Onochie FHI.33354, Punch 42, and Talbot 341 & 8.n. from Southern Nigeria; and Mann 1975 from the Cameroons. He lists the species, in its typical form, also from Angola, Egypt, Zaire, Sudan, Zambia, and Nyasaland, calling it an "Erect or scrambling shrub". Gillett (1970) lists it from Kenya. Jaeger & Moldenke (1970) give its overall distribution as “native to central and eastern Africa". Bakhuizen (1921) lists it from cul- tivation in Java, and Synge (1956) reports it still cultivated in "stoves" in England. Rose (1968) reports it cultivated in France. Baker (1900) cites Thierry 4.n. from Sénégal; Ingram 4.n. from Gambia; Whitfield 4.n. from Sierra Leone; Vogel 4.n. from Ghana; Banten 342 & 4.n., Inving 111, & Miklen 45 from Nigeria; Johnston é.n. and Mann 1957 from the Cameroons; Wakefield 4.n. from Kenya; Hannington s.n., Holst 4256, and Thomson 4.n. from Tanganyika, sev- eral Peters collections from Mozambique; and Buchanan 1489, Cameron 2, Carson 63 & 4.n., and Whyte 4.n. from Uganda, Reis & Lipp (1982) cite Angus 2796 from Zambia. Grout de Beaufort & Schnell (1956) describe and illustrate the internodal holes made in the stems of this plant by ants, based on Chevalier 18846 from Guinea, Poisson 4.n. from Dahomey, and Zenker & Staudt 428 from the Cameroons. They also depict the cauline spines. Chevalier (1920) cites Chevalier 14678 from the Republic of Gui- nea, &32bis, 2573bis, & 275] from Mali, 21938 from Ivory Coast, and 13994 from Nigeria. In his 1913 work he cites his nos. 6089, 6294, 6516, & 10772 from the Central African Republic. In his 1911 work he cites his no. 2751 from middle Niger Republic. Seemann (1862) cites unnumbered Barter, Brass, Irving, and Vogel collections, as well as Vogel 14 & 34 in the British Museum herbar- jum. He notes that “Eduard Vogel fand sie an verschiedenen Stellen im Innern Afrikas und Theodor Vogel, sowie fast alle Sammler an der WestkUste Afrikas". He claims that it is distinguishable from the related C. whit{ieldii by the spiny branches and smaller leaves and that the two species form a distinct group in the genus because of the foliose bracts and capitate inflorescences. Hooker & Bentham (1849) cite unnumbered Vogel and Whitfield 426 Ph YS TOLL O. GF A Vol. 58, No. 6 collections from, respectively, Nigeria and Sierra Leone. DeWilde- man (1912) cites Chaessens 180 & 542 from Zaire. Berhaut (1967) cites Berhaut 423 & 3157 from Sénégal; Richards & Morony (1969) cite Lawton 139 from Mbala. Hepper (1965) gives the species’ distribu- tion as Senégal to Sudan and Malawi, citing his no. 2762 from North- ern Nigeria. Hutchinson & Dalziel (1931) cite Banter 342, ELLiott 90, Ingram é.n., Inving 111, Mann 1957, Millen 45, Talbot 341 & 2081, Thierry b.n., T. Vogel s.n., and Whitfield s.n. from western tropical Africa, giving the species’ overall distribution as "Senegal and French Su- dan to N. and S. Nigeria! Cameroons Mt., 3,000 ft.! Extends to Upper Nile Land and E. Africa." Thomas (1936), in formally typifying this taxon, writes the orig- inal Willdenow reference as “Sp. Pl. 3, 1 (1800) 384" and the Schu- mann & Thonning description as "Beskrivelse af Guineiske Planter (1827) 61. Jackson (1893) abbreviates this as "Dan. Vid. Selsk. Afh. iv. (1828) 61". Lefroy (1884) reports C£erodendrum capitatum as “Wild around the rectory;-probably introduced" -- but this is presumably a misidenti- fication of C. philippinum f. multiplex (Sweet) Mold. It should perhaps also be noted here that the Glrke (1893) refer- ence in the bibliography of C. capitatum is sometimes mis-cited as "1894" and the DeWildeman (1913) reference as "1914" -- in each case this is the misleading titlepage date for the entire volume. An artificial key to help distinguish C. capitatum from some of its related species is given by me under C, buchneri Glirke in this present series of notes (q.v.), Material of C£enodendrum capitatum has been misidentified and dis- tributed in some herbaria as C. barteri Baker. On the other hand, Bainbridge 690 & 727, Banter 342, Buchanan 1489, Chancellor 269, Enti Sp.40, Gbile £ OLonunfemi FHI.20478, Germain 6880, Harris 4.n., Shantz 532, and Zenker 364, 3222, & 3285, distributed as typical C. capitatum, actually are C. capitatum var. conglobatum (J. G. Baker) Thomas, while Affen 463 and Peter 37434 are C. buchnerr Gurke, Banbosa 1289, Exekl, Mendonca, £ Wikd 608, Garcia 469, Mendonca 1241, and Toane 610 & 6774 are C. fischeri Glirke, Watmough 225 is C. fru- tectonum S. Moore, and Torne 3008, 3018, 4341, 5882, 6785, & 8012 are C. 6wynnertonii S. Moore. Citations: ETHIOPIA: F. G. Meyer 8036 (W--2520043). GAMBIA: A, J. Brooks & (K). SIERRA LEONE: Jaeger 8613 (Ld), 9824 (Ld). GHANA: Dakziek 143 (K, N); Fishfock 40 (K, Ld--photo, Mi--photo, N--photo). NIGERIA: Tafbot 2081 [Mo. Bot. Gard. Type Photos A.849] (Gz--photo, N--photo). CAMEROONS: Zenker & Staudt 428 (Ca--617153). ZAIRE: Brande 710 (Br); Bnredo 4.n. [Bambesa et environs '33] (Br); CLaessens 180 (Br, N), 542 (Br, N); Dewul{ 160 (Br, Br); Graenr 103 (Br); Huk- staert 1303 (Br); Lebrun 5130 (Br, Br); Mestdagh 61 (Br); Moxtehan 854 (Br), 1097 (Br); Mullenders 2326 (Br); Ovenfaet 147 (Br); Re gaert 159 (Br), 1122 (Br), 1297 (Br, N); Van den Brande 1929 (Br); Vanderyst 21552 (Br), 21914 (Br), 22172 (Br); Venrdick 422 (Br); Witte 1532 (Br). UGANDA: Bagshawe 1247 (W--1349260); Dimmer 265 (W--633514); C. M. Hanris 449 (Bn). TANZANIA: Tanganyika: Peter 25029 [0.1¥.346] (B). ANGOLA: Cuanza Sul.: Gossweiler 9845 (W--1579414). [to be continued ] BOOK REVIEWS Alma L. Moldenke "AMA HANDBOOK OF POISONOUS PLANTS" by Kenneth F. Lampe M.D. & Mary Ann McCann, xi & 432 pp., 11 tab. & 437 color photos. Chicago Review Press (IL 60610) for the American Medical Association, Chicago, Illinois. 1985. $18.95. The purpose of this publication “is to provide physician's and other health care professionals with an easily used reference for the management of plant intoxications....and as a field guide for the recognition of dangerous and injurious plants". Section 1 dis- cusses plants of the United States, Canada and the Caribbean pro- ducing systemic intoxications; Section I] plant dermatitis and Sec- tion II]] mushroom poisoning. The text material is basically usable with treatment reported from medical rather than botanical sources which aré only intended as historical and cultural records. The format of the book resembles that of the Audubon field guides. What a pity that the AMA did not choose the same Chanticleer Press or one of similar quality for the illustrations. With a few exceptions the AMA pictures have more black border than picture space and do not show enough of the plant characteristics for sure recognition by today's well trained MDs whose training no longer includes botany. "ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY" Volume 29, edited by Thomas Mittler & associates, x & 521 pp., 52 b/w fig. incl. 4 photo. & 16 tab. Annual Reviews, Inc., Palo Alto, California 94306. 1984. $27.00 U.S.A. & $30.00 foreign. Like the previous and subsequent issues, this one contains inter- esting important papers well explained and documented. The first one is a worthy tribute to F. S. Bodenheimer (1897--1959), idealist, scholar, scientist, who did so much for practical entomology especi- ally in Israel. Some others are: celestial and noncelestial astro- navigation in insects' Strategies, spiders as a stable assemblage of biological control agents, many defense mechanisms of termites, pollination activities, ecology and sociobiology of bumblebees, in- duction of detoxication enzymes in insects helping “their survival in a chemically unfriendly environment" (which study the PHYTOLOGIa publishers have watched developing because of their daughter-in-law's research with the author L. C. Terriere). "CARNIVOROUS PLANTS" by Adrian Slack, Second Impression. 1985. 240 pp., 16 color pl., 102 b/w photo. & 4 draw. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142. 1985. $12.50 paperbound. 427 428 Pauly ¥) TO LOOgG) ISA Vol. 58, No. 6 This paperbound reissue of the 1980 hardcover, very fine English publication is welcomed for its interestingly readable, informative and well written text and its fine illustrations that cover the whole field very well for the naturalist as well as for the trained botan- +st. "THE NATURAL HISTORY OF OTTERS" by Paul Chanin, xi & 179 pp., 17 color pl., 50 b/w fig. incl. 7 maps, & 20 tab. Facts on File Publications, Inc., New York, N. Y. 10016. 1985. $17.95. This is a fine publication, rich in content, because it relates so much in interesting, succinct and well organized fashion. Most of the author's field observations were on the Eurasian otter, Lutza kutra. He follows Davis (1978) rather than Harris (1968) in lumping all American river otters as L. canadensis. The worldwide geograph- ic distribution maps give the continental land and oceanic ranges. There is much ecologically oriented content about food, relations with othér animals, social organization, communication, life history and relations over the past 200 years with man's capture for pelts, run-off of pesticides, and commercial riverside development. Only if man "is willing to acknowledge and respect the needs of the other species on the planet will the otters survive and, perhaps, prosper.” "LA FLORA DE LA ESPANOLA II" by Alain Henri Liogier in Universidad Central del Este Vol. 44 Serie Cientifica XV, 420 pp., 106 line draw. & 1 b/w photo. 1983. $15.00 paperbound. "LA FLORA DE LA ESPANOLA III" by Alain Henri Liogier in Universidad Central del Este (San Pedro de Marcoris, Dominican Republic) Vol. LVI Serie Cientifica 22, 431 pp. and 115 line draw. 1985. $20.00 paperbound. The first installment in this series was published in 1981 in PHYTOLOGIA MEMOIRS III as "Antillean Studies 1] FLORA OF HISPANIOLA I -- Ceklastnales, Rhamnales, Malvales, Thymeleates, Violafes" ($20.00 from the author). The classification followed is mainly that of Engler, with some modifications by Hutchinson. Prominent among the 46 families in II are the Annonaceae, Lauraceae, Cauciferae and Rosaceae. Likewise prominent among the 13 families in III are the Leguminosae s.1. and Rutaceae. The many drawings in all volumes em- phasize diagnostic characteristics, are clear cut, well detailed and often taken from Little & Wadsworth's tree studies and other excel- lent sources. It is certainly wise to put such well prepared mater- ial to this additional use. We hope that the author - our esteemed friend - will have the time, energy, and resources to complete this very worthwhile undertaking. 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