‘ PHYTOLOGIA

An international journal to expedite botanical and phytoecological publication

Vol. 66 April 1989 No. 1

CONTENTS

TERRELL, E.E. and D.H. LORENCE, Hedyotis galeottii (Rubiaceae), new
combination for a Mexican species PMITiciiriiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiitiiiitt ttt ttt) 1

s HAWKSWORTH, F.G. and D. WIENS, Two new species, nomenclatural
1 changes, and range extensions in Mexican Arceuthobium

(Viscaceae) SSOHSSHSSHSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSFSSSSSSSSSOSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSOSSSSSOSESSSSSSESESS 5

_~ BRIDGES, E.L and S.L. ORZELL, Additions and noteworthy vascular plant
collections from Texas and Louisiana, with historical, ecological, and
geographical notes COCOCOOOOCESOOSSOOOSOOOSOSSOSESOSOTOSSOSOSESOOSSSOOSOOESSESESOSESEOS me

: _ SMITH, L.B. and W.J. KRESS, New or restored genera of Bromeliaceae 70

~ ESCOBAR, L.K., Two new species of Passiflora (Passifloraceae) from

South America SOCOOO SOOO OOSOOSSOOOOO SOOO ODEO OSS OOSSOOSSOO SOS OOOOS OSS SOOTSSEOOSESOSESEOES 80

Published by Michael J). Warnock
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Phytologta (April 1989) 66(1):1-4

HEDYOTIS GALEOTTII (RUBIACEAE), NEW
COMBINATION FOR A MEXICAN SPECIES

Edward E. Terrell and David H. Lorence
Department of Botany, University of Maryland,
College Park, Maryland 20742, U.S.A.
National Tropical Botanical Garden,

P.O. Box 340, Lawai, Kauai, Hawaii 96765, U.S.A.

ABSTRACT

Relationships, taxonomic position and nomenclature of Hedy-
otis galeottii are summarized.

KEY WORDS: Hedyotis galeottiz, Rubiaceae, systematics, México.

Declieuzia galeottii Martens is here transferred to Hedyotis on the basis of
morphology of the flowers, capsules, and seeds. Manettia liebmannii Standley
is conspecific with D. galeottit.

Hedyotis galeottii (Martens) Terrell & Lorence, comb. nov. Based on De-
clieuzia galeottit Martens, in Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci.
Bruxelles 11:231. 1844. Holotype: MEXICO, Oaxaca: Llano Verde, 3-
7000 ft, April 1840, H. Galeott: 2603 (BR!). Isotypes: labeled similarly
and with same collection number, but BR collection dated March 184_,
and US collection dated March 1841 (or 18477); these were annotated,
apparently by Hemsley, as D. galeottiana (BR!, US!).

Manettia lebmanni Standley, J. Washington Acad. Sci. 17:337-338. 1927.
Holotype: MEXICO. (presumably Oaxaca): Pelado, August 1842, F.M.
Liebmann 11485, (C, fragment US 1315772!). Paratype: MEXICO.
(presumably Oaxaca): Cuesta de San Juan del Estado, F.M. Liebmann
11487, (C, fragment US 1315771!).

J.H. Kirkbride, Jr. (1976) in his revision of Declieuzia noted that D. galeotti
Martens belonged with Hedyotis or related genera. At that time he informed
Terrell of the misplacement of the species and transferred to him for study
three type specimens lent to him by BR. Later, one of the two isotypes was
permanently deposited at US, courtesy of Dr. André Lawalrée on Terrell’s
request.

The protologue is by Martens only, although both authors were cited in
Index Kewensis. Presumably, Galeotti wanted to avoid naming the species

2 PHY TOLOGIA volume 66(1):1-4 April 1989

after himself. The protologue provided additional details about the source of
Declieuzia galeottit: it grew in the forests and on rocky slopes of Llano Verde
and Cerro del Malacate, near Rincon, at 3000-7000 ft in the eastern cordillera
of Oaxaca. This area is in the Sierra de Juarez, about 40 km due northeast
of the city of Oaxaca. In July, 1987, Stephen D. Koch and Terrell searched
unsuccessfully for the species near Rincon, nor was it ever encountered by
Lorence or other collectors at MEXU during several years of field work in the
Sierra de Juarez.

The type specimens that came to Terrell on loan from BR were already
designated as to holotype and isotype. We will continue to retain these desig-
nations; however, as noted above, the collection date for the holotype is April
1840, that for the isotype at BR is March 184_ (year blank), and that for the
isotype at US is March 1841 (or 18477). The date given in the protologue is
March, year not given. All of the types have the same collection number, 2603.
McVaugh (1978) discussed Galeotti’s collections and noted inconsistencies in
labeling; he listed 1840 as the last year of Galeotti’s travels in México.

The type specimens of Declieuzia galeottii have mostly flower buds, and the
corollas are not fully expanded. There are no seeds. The floral and vegetative
morphology show similarities to Hedyotis kingi (Terrell) Nesom (Houstonia
kingii Terrell), which has been collected in Oaxaca along or near route 175
about halfway between Oaxaca city and Tuxtepec in the Sierra de Juarez.
We have no doubt that H. kingit and D. galeottiu are congeneric. They are,
however, distinct species, as shown by differences in floral morphology; seed
differences are pointed out below.

Dr. Joan Nowicke examined the pollen of Hedyotis kingzi (illustrated in Ter-
rell, Lewis, Robinson, & Nowicke, 1986). After comparing it with D. galeotti
pollen, she reported (in correspondence) that pollen grains of the two species
are similar in the characteristics of the apertures.

Manettia species are scandent and have seeds that are strongly flattened and
broadly winged with ornately lobed or erose margins. Standley’s protologue
stated that M. liebmannii was “apparently scandent;” however, we cannot find
any basis for this opinion. Standley described the seeds as being immature,
numerous, compressed, and narrowly winged. There are several seeds in the
fragmentary type at US; they agree with Standley’s description but are not like
the seeds of Manettia. In addition, we found seeds in certain of the Veracruz
specimens cited below. The seeds are with or without narrow, sometimes par-
tial wings, or sometimes wings may have been present but have been damaged.
Wing margins are entire. The seeds are rather similar to those of the Oaxacan
species Hedyotis zestosperma (Robinson & Greenman) W.H. Lewis (Houstonia
zestosperma (Robinson & Greenman) Terrell), which is probably related. The
seeds of Hedyotis kingii are basically similar to those of M. lebmannii, but dif-
fer in being thicker, not winged, and somewhat polygonal-rounded in outline
(Terrell, 1980).

Standley noted in his protologue that Manettia liebmannii differed from

Terrell & Lorence: Hedyotis galeottiz new in Mexico 3

other Manettia species in having small capsules and flowers, and that “by
Hooker the plant was referred to Hedyotis.” Standley added that the presence
of wings on the seeds excluded it from the Oldenlandieae [=Hedyotideae];
however, we disagree with the last statement. In Hedyotis zestosperma and
H. intricata Fosberg (Houstonia fasciculata A. Gray) the seeds have partial
wings (Terrell, Lewis, Robinson, & Nowicke, 1986).

The type fragment in US of Manettia lebmannii consists of the upper
part of the stem and an inflorescence. These and the more complete types of
Declieuzia galeottii are similar in all characteristics. They also came from the
same general geographic area: Pelado is near Llano Verde and San Juan del
Estado, source of the paratype of M. liebmannit, is about 25-30 km north of
the city of Oaxaca (communication from R. McVaugh). We believe D. galeottz
and M. liebmannii to be conspecific; thus, Hedyotis galeotti1, based on the older
name, is the correct name.

Several recent collections closely resembling Declieuzia galeotti: and Manet-
tia iebmanniit have been studied by both of us from the MEXU, XAL, and
ENCB herbaria. These were collected in the Sierra Madre Oriental northeast
and northwest of Xalapa, Veracruz, approximately 175 miles north of Llano
Verde. These collections have internally densely short-villous corolla lobes.
Although corollas of the types discussed previously were less hairy, Standley
noted that M. liebmannzi had the corolla lobes short-villous within. Pend-
ing further study we consider the Veracruz collections to represent Hedyotis
galeotti rather than a new species. The Veracruz collections are as follows:
Mun. de Alto Lucero: El Cerro la Cima, entre Plan de las Hayas y Tierra
Blanca, 1600 m, Castillo C. & Narave 2158 (XAL). Mun. de Atzalan: Cerro
del Aguila, 850 m, 10 Sep 1982, Ventura A. 19740 (ENCB); Alseseca, 950 m,
24 Mar 1975, Ventura A. 11118 (ENCB); La Calavera, 1000 m, 27 Apr 1978,
Ventura A. 15232 (ENCB). Mun. de Naolinco: Naranjillo, 1250 m, 13 Nov
1976, Ventura A. 13605 (ENCB). Mun. de Yecuatla: Santa Rita, 1450 m, 12
Feb 1973, Ventura A. 7824 (ENCB); Loma Santa Rita, 1480 m, 12 Jan 1972,
Ventura A. 4764 (ENCB).

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank J.H. Kirkbride, Jr. for calling Terrell’s attention to Declieuzia
galeotti and transferring a loan of types; André Lawalrée (BR) helpfully ap-
proved (letter, 11 June 1982) transfer of an isotype to US. We also thank
Joan Nowicke for pollen data and Rogers McVaugh for data on Liebmann’s
collections. J.L. Reveal contributed significant nomenclatural advice. This
paper is Scientific Article No. A-4893, Contribution No. 7931, of the Maryland
Agricultural Experiment Station.

PHY TOLOGIA volume 66(1):1-4 April 1989

LITERATURE CITED

Kirkbride, J.H., Jr. 1976. A revision of the genus Declieuzia (Rubiaceae).
Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 28:1-87.

McVaugh, R. 1978. Galeotti’s botanical work in México: the numbering of
his collections and a brief itinerary. Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 11:291-
29:

Terrell, E.E. 1980. Two new species and a new combination in Houstonia
(Rubiaceae) from México. Brittonia 32:490-494.

____, W.H. Lewis, H. Robinson, & J.W. Nowicke. 1986. Phylogenetic implica-
tions of diverse seed types, chromosome numbers, and pollen morphology
in Houstonia (Rubiaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 73:103-115.

Phytologia (April 1989) 66(1):5-11

TWO NEW SPECIES, NOMENCLATURAL
CHANGES, AND RANGE EXTENSIONS IN
MEXICAN ARCEUTHOBIUM (VISCACEAE)

Frank G. Hawksworth
USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range
Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526
and
Delbert Wiens
Department of Biology, University of Utah
Salt Lake City, Utah 84112

ABSTRACT

Two new species of Arceuthobium are described as parasites of
pines (Pinus) in México: A. yecorense infects several species of
pines (Pinus) in eastern Sonora, western Chihuahua, and west-
ern Durango; A. oaxacanum is known only from two popula-
tions in one locality in southern Oaxaca. Arceuthobium vaginatum
subsp. durangense Hawksw. & Wiens is raised to specific status.
This taxon was previously known only in Durango and Sinaloa and
is reported here for the first time in Jalisco. Arceuthobitum gillii
subsp. nigrum Hawksw. & Wiens, also raised to specific status, is
widespread in México from Durango to Chiapas on many species
of pines. Arceuthobium abietinum Engelm. ex Munz, a common
parasite of true firs in the western United States, was found north
of Temosachic, Chihuahua, on Abies durangensis - the first report
of it from México. With these additions, 22 taxa of Arceuthobium
are known from México.

KEY WORDS: Arceuthobium, Viscaceae, parasitic plants, forestry,
México.

As part of our continuing investigations of the genus Arceuthobium in
México (Hawksworth & Wiens 1965, 1970, 1972, 1977, 1980, 1984), we de-
scribe two new taxa, make two new nomenclatural combinations, and record
the occurrence in México of a species previously known only in the United
States. With these additions and changes, 22 taxa (19 species and 3 sub-
species) are now known from México. This is nearly half the total number of
taxa known for Arceuthobium worldwide.

6 PHYTOL OGIA volume 66(1):5-11 April 1989

The methods we use in our taxonomic studies of dwarf mistletoes are de-
tailed in Hawksworth & Wiens (1972). (Where a range is given for a character,
the number in parentheses is the mean).

Arceuthobium yecorense Hawksworth & Wiens, sp. nov. TYPE: MEXICO.
Sonora: Mun. Yecora: 2 km ESE of Yecora, on Pinus herrerat, Lat. 28°22’
N, Long. 108°54’ W, elevation 1600 m, Hawksworth 2168, 7 May 1987.
HOLOTYPE: US; Isotypes: ENCB, FPF, INIF, MO, MEXU, UC.

Plantae 8-17 (12) cm altae; surculi brunneo-virides ad flavo-virides, parce
flabellatium ramosi; surculi principales basi 2-5 (3) mm diam, internodio tertio
10-21 (15) mm longo, 2-4 (2.5) mm lato; flores ignoti, anthesis probabilis mense
Junio; fructificatio ignoti; plantae in pino parasiticae.

This mistletoe was first collected in 1986 near Yecora, Sonora, by Biol.
Ignacio Carbajal V. of Forestal Sanidad, SARH, México City. Later, the senior
author found that the dwarf mistletoe was a common parasite of pines south
and east of Yecora. Its principal hosts there are Pinus leiophylla Schiede &
Deppe var. chihuahuana (Engelm.) Shaw and P. herrerai Martinez. It occurs
less commonly on P. engelmannit Carr., but does not parasitize associated
P. arizonica Engelm. The mistletoe was also found a few kilometers into
Chihuahua west of Yepachic. In November 1987, the senior author visited the
pine forests about 100 km southwest of Santiago Papasquiaro, Durango, where
Arceuthobium yecorense occurs on Pinus herrerai, P. lumholtzii Robinson &
Fernald, P. letophylla var. chihuahuana, P. engelmanniz, and P. durangensis
Martinez. As these two known populations are more than 400 km apart, the
species probably occurs in intervening forest areas in western Chihuahua and
northwestern Durango.

Arceuthobium yecorense is characterized by its slender, greenish-yellow to
brownish shoots and early summer flowering period. The actual time of an-
thesis has not been observed, but judging by the state of development of the
flowers in early May we suspect that it flowers in June. This species is a
member of the subgenus Vaginatum, section Vaginata. It is morphologically
most similar to A. aureum subsp. aureum of the lowlands of Guatemala and
Belize (Hawksworth & Wiens 1977). The A. yecorense population in western
Durango has more yellowish and slightly taller shoots than the Sonora popu-
lation, but otherwise they are similar. The specific name is derived from the
pueblo of Yecora, the primary pine-producing area of Sonora, where the taxon
is common and damaging.

Specimens examined: MEXICO. Chihuahua: 4 km E of Sonora boundary
on Yecora-Maiocova road, on P. leiophylla var. chihuahuana, Hawksworth 2178
in 1987. Durango: Mun. Otaez: Ojito del Caiman, 49 km SW of Altares on
road to Banome, on Pinus herrerat, Hawksworth et al. 2249 in 1987; same
locality on P. durangensis, Hawksworth et al. 2250 in 1987; 63 km SW of
Altares on road to Banome, on P. lumholtzii, Hawksworth et al. 2252 in 1987.
Sonora: Mun. Yecora: Predio Ejidal Mesa el Indio, on P. herreraz, I. Carbajal

Hawksworth & Wiens: Mexican Arceuthobium 7

V. in 1986 (FPF); 6 km W of Chihuahua boundary on Yecora-Maiocova road,
on P. leiophylla var. chthuahuana, Hawksworth 2177 in 1987; Canada Cabeza
de Vaca, 9 km SE of Yecora, on P. herrerai, Hawksworth 2170 in 1987; same
locality, on P. engelmannii, Hawksworth 2171 in 1987.

Arceuthobium oaxacanum Hawksworth & Wiens, sp. nov. TYPE: MEXI-
CO. Oaxaca: Mun. Tamazulapan: 13 km south of Miahuatlan (and 0.5
km south on dirt side road) off Puerto Angel road (Rte 175), parasite
of Pinus lawsonii, Lat. 16°10’ N, Long. 96°32’ W, elevation 2200 m, D.
Wiens & C.L. Calvin 6003, 20 August 1985. HOLOTYPE: US; Isotypes:
ENCB, FPF, INIF, MO, MEXU.

Plantae 8-20 (12) cm altae; surculi brunneo-rufi, parce flabellatium ramosi,
surculi principales basi 2-4 (3) mm diam, internodio tertio 10-17 (12) mm
longo, 2-3 mm lato; fructus maturus 3.5 mm longo, 2.3 mm lato; anthesis
mense Julio; fructus maturitas mense Agusto; plantae in pino parasiticae.

Arceuthobium oaracanum was first discovered by Dr. R.S. Peterson in 1972
(Hawksworth & Wiens 1977). We originally classed it as an extreme disjunct
(of about 1200 km) of A. rubrum Hawksw. & Wiens but noted that the Oaxa-
can plants were somewhat larger than those from the Sierra Madre Occidental
in Durango (Hawksworth & Wiens 1977). We have subsequently studied both
taxa in the field and conclude that they are distinct species. Some comparative
characters of A. oaracanum and A. rubrum are given in Table 1. In general,
A. oazacanum is a larger, lighter colored, more openly branched plant than
A. rubrum, and it causes larger witches’ brooms. Arceuthobium oazacanum
parasitizes principally Pinus lawsonw Roezl, P. michoacana Martinez, and P.
pseudostrobus Lindl., and occasionally P. oazacana (Martinez) Mirov; none of
which occur in the areas where A. rubrum has been found. These two taxa and
A. bicarinatum Urban of Hispanola are unique in the genus in having reddish
shoots.

Specimens examined: MEXICO. Oaxaca: 13 km S of Miahuatlan near
Puerto Angel road (Rte 175), on P. pseudostrobus, Peterson 72-111 in 1972
(FPF); on P. lawsonit, Hawksworth, Wiens & Player 1557 in 1975 (FPF); on
P. michoacana, Hawksworth, Wiens & Player 1561 in 1975 (FPF); and on P.
lawsoni, Wiens 5981 in 1984 (FPF); 7 km S of Rte 175 on dirt road leaving
highway 6 km S of Miahuatlan, Lat. 16°11' N, Long. 96°34’ W, on P. lawsonii?,
Nickrent & Keller 2035 in 1985 (ILL).

Arceuthobium durangense (Hawksworth & Wiens) comb. nov. Basionym:
A. vaginatum (Willd.) Presl subsp. durangense Hawksworth & Wiens,
Brittonia 17:230. 1965. Lectotype: MEXICO. Durango: 59 km west of
El Salto on Rte 40, on Pinus durangensis, Hawksworth & Wiens 3507,
July 1963.

This dwarf mistletoe is characterized by dark orange shoots 25 to 40 cm,
and sometimes up to 50 cm, tall. It parasitizes several species of pines, in-
cluding Pinus douglasiana Martinez, P. durangensis Martinez, P. herrerai, P.

8 PH Y TOLOGIA volume 66(1):5-11 April 1989

Arceuthobium oazacanum
(5 collections)

8-20 (mean 12) cm tall;
basal diameter of shoots
2-4 (3) mm; third inter-
node 10-17 (12) by 2-3
mm; pistillate spikes

ca 3 mm long

Arceuthobium rubrum
(17 collections)

8-18 (mean 10) cm tall;
basal diameter of shoots
2-3 mm; third internode
4-12 (7) by 2-3 mm;
pistillate spikes 1-1.5
cm long

Character

Shoot size

Shoot habit Branching of spikes nearly
at right angles to main
axis of shoot; shoot
clusters open
Witches’ brooms | Typically with systemic
infections; mistletoe
shoots scattered for 3-10
dm along the host branch

Branching of spikes
usually ca 45 degrees
to main axis of shoot
clusters dense
Dark red to blackish
Typically with non-
systemic infections;

mistletoe shoots in
small clusters

Durango, Sinaloa

Pinus coopert

Distribution
Hosts

Pinus lawsoniu
Pinus michoacana
Pinus oazacana

Pinus durangensis
Pinus engelmannii
Pinus pseudostrobus Pinus herrerai

Pinus teocote

Table .1: Comparison of some characteristics of Arceuthobium oazacanum and
A. rubrum.

michoacana, P. oocarpa Schiede, and P. pseudostrobus, along the Pacific es-
carpment of the Sierra Madre Occidental in México at elevations from 1500
to 3000 m. This species was previously known only from Sinaloa and Du-
rango, but here we report it for the first time from Jalisco (Sierra de Quila).
It may also occur in Nayarit. We originally treated this mistletoe as a sub-
species of A. vaginatum because of its general morphological similarity to that
species (Hawksworth & Wiens 1965). However, our subsequent studies of sev-
eral populations of A. durangense and A. vaginatum subsp. vaginatum in the
field indicate that they are distinct species. Arceuthobium durangense differs
from A. vaginatum subsp. vaginatum in its dark orange (vs. black) shoots,
smaller male flowers, later flowering period, and weaker formation of witches’
brooms. These two taxa are apparently not sympatric. Also, A. durangense
is not sympatric with A. vaginatum subsp. cryptopodum, the southern limits
of which are about 300 km north in Chihuahua. See Hawksworth & Wiens
(1972) for additional characteristics of these three taxa.

Specimens examined: MEXICO. Durango: 59 km W of El Salto on Rte

Hawksworth & Wiens: Mexican Arceuthobium 9

40, on P. durangensis, Hawksworth & Wiens 353 in 1963 (COLO, FPF); 72
km W of El Salto on Rte 40, on P. michoacana, Hawksworth & Wiens 354 in
1963 (COLO, FPF) and 1237 in 1969 (FPF); 62 km W of El Salto on Rte 40,
on P. durangensis, Hawksworth 1422 in 1972 (FPF); 1.6 km W of El Madrofio
on Rte 40, on P. michoacana, Nickrent 2049 in 1985 (FPF, ILL). Sinaloa: 16
km W of Durango boundary on Rte 40, on P. michoacana, Mathiasen 8120 in
1981 (FPF); 2 km NE of Tropic of Cancer on Rte 40, on Pinus douglasiana,
Worthington et al. 9391 in 1983 (FPF, UTEP); 75 km E of Rte 15 on Rte 40, on
P. michoacana, Hawksworth & Wiens 1234 in 1969 (FPF); 11 km E of Cosala,
on P. michoacana, Mathiasen 8131 in 1981 (FPF). Jalisco: Sierra de Quila,
on P. michoacana, Hawksworth 2119 in 1986 (FPF) and on P. pseudostrobus,
Hawksworth 2220 in 1986 (FPF).

Arceuthobium nigrum (Hawksworth & Wiens) comb. nov. Basionym: A.
gillii Hawksworth & Wiens subsp. nigrum Hawksworth & Wiens. Brit-
tonia 17:223. 1965. Lectotype: MEXICO. Durango: 51 km E of El Salto
on Rte 40, on Pinus teocote, Hawksworth & Wiens 3404, March 1963.

This dwarf mistletoe is a widespread parasite of pines in México. It is known
from Durango, Zacatecas, Guanajuato, Queretaro, Hidalgo, México, Tlax-
cala, Puebla, Veracruz, Oaxaca, Chiapas, and possibly in western Guatemala
(Hawksworth & Wiens 1977). This mistletoe is common on Pinus herrerai,
P. lawson, P. letophylla vars. leiophylla and chihuahuana, P. lumholtzit, P.
montezumae Lamb., P. oazacana, P. patula Schiede & Deppe, and P. teocote
Schiede & Deppe, but rare on P. coopert C.E. Blanco. The taxon is simi-
lar to A. gillit of Chihuahua, northern Durango, southeastern Arizona and
southwestern New Mexico in its glaucous fruits, strong sexual dimorphism of
branching (very open and divaricate in staminate plants vs. densely branched
in pistillate plants), and parasitism of the three members of the Pinus leio-
phylla group. However, the two taxa differ in so many other characters that
they are best treated as distinct species. Arceuthobium nigrum differs from A.
gilli in having taller (15-25 [mean 45] cm vs. 10-15 [mean 25] cm) and darker
(dark-green to black vs. greenish brown) shoots. Also, an important, recently
discovered, difference is that A. nigrum has two flowering periods (March-April
and September-October) while A. gillii has only one (March-April). To our
knowledge, these two taxa are not sympatric, but they occur in the same moun-
tain ranges near Tepehuanes in northern Durango. Even there, however, they
are separated both elevationally and by hosts: A. gilli is at lower elevations
(< 2200 m) on Pinus letophylla var. chihuahuana and P. lumholtzii, while A.
nigrum occurs at higher elevations (> 2600 m) on P. teocote and P. leiophylla
var. letophylla.

For distributional information on this species, see Hawksworth & Wiens
(1972, 1977, 1984) under A. gillii subsp. nigrum.

10 PH Y TOL OGIA volume 66(1):5-11 April 1989

Arceuthobium abietinum Engelm. ex Munz.

This species is common on several species of Abzes in the western United
States (Hawksworth & Wiens 1972). It is rare in Arizona on Abies concolor
(Gord. & Glend.) Lindl., where it is known from only four scattered localities,
one of which is in the Chiricahua Mountains in Cochise County, about 60 km
north of the Mexican border (Mathiasen 1976). A Mexican population was
discovered on Abies durangensis Martinez in Chihuahua in 1986 by Ing. Juan
Antonio Olivo M. of the Mexican Forest Service. The senior author visited
the site near Temosachic in May 1987, and confirmed the identification of
the taxon. The taxon is presumably f. sp. concoloris (Hawksworth & Wiens
1972) because it is the closest known forma specialis (in Arizona) and also
because Abies durangensis is closely related to A. concolor. The locality is
about 450 km south of the mistletoe’s previously known southern limits in
Arizona. Arceuthobium abietinum was locally common in a moist, north-south
canyon at about 2400 m on Abies durangensis, and rare on Pinus ayacahuite
Ehrenb. var. brachyptera Shaw growing under infected Abies. Several other
trees in the area (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, Picea chihuahuana
Martinez and Pinus arizonica) were not parasitized.

Specimens examined: MEXICO. Chihuahua: Mun. Temosachic: Rio Cha-
chamuri, 18 km N of Yahuirachi, = 7 km W and 61 km N of Temosachic,
on Abies durangensis, Hawksworth & J. Olivo M. 2185 in 1987 (FPF) and on
Pinus ayacahuite var. brachyptera, Hawksworth & J. Olivo M. 2186 in 1987
(FPF).

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We wish to thank the many colleagues who assisted in our field studies in
México: Jerry Beatty, Dr. Clyde L. Calvin, Biol. Ignacio Carbajal V., Ing.
Reynaldo Hernandez Martinez, Ing. Fernando Najera Martinez, Dr. Robert L.
Mathiasen, Dr. Daniel Nickrent, Dr. Charles G. Shaw III, Ing. Juan Antonio
Olivo, Dr. Nick Reid, Biol. Leticia Sanchez Cepeda, Biol. Everardo Sanchez
Camero, Biol. Jorge Macias Samano, and Biol. Jose Cibrian Tovar. We are
also grateful to Drs. Robert L. Mathiasen and Daniel Nickrent for reviews
of the manuscript and to Dr. John Hough for his assistance with the Latin
descriptions.

LITERATURE CITED

Hawksworth, F.G. & D. Wiens. 1965. Arceuthobium in México. Brittonia
142213-238.

Hawksworth & Wiens: Mexican Arceuthobium 11

Hawksworth, F.G. & D. Wiens. 1970. New taxa and nomenclatural changes
in Arceuthobium (Viscaceae). Brittonia 22:265-269.

Hawksworth, F.G. & D. Wiens. 1972. Biology and classification of dwarf
mistletoes (Arceuthobium). USDA Forest Service, Agricultural Hand-
book 401, 234 p.

Hawksworth, F.G. & D. Wiens. 1977. Arceuthobium (Viscaceae) in México
and Guatemala: additions and range extensions. Brittonia 29:411-418.

Hawksworth, F.G. & D. Wiens. 1980. A new species of Arceuthobium from
Central México. Brittonia 32:348-352.

Hawksworth, F.G. & D. Wiens. 1984. Biology and classification of Arceutho-
bium: an update. USDA Forest Service, General Technical Report RM-
111:2-17.

Mathiasen, R.L. 1976. Southern range extension of the white fir dwarf mistle-
toe in Arizona. Great Basin Naturalist 36:461-462.

Phytologia (April 1989), 66(1):12-69
ADDITIONS AND NOTEWORTHY VASCULAR

T COLLECTIONS FROM TEXAS AND
LOUISIANA, WITH HISTORICAL, ECOLOGICAL

AND GEOGRAPHICAL NOTES

Edwin L. Bridges and Steve L. Orrell
The University of Texas Herbarium
Austin, TX 78713

ABSTRACT

Eighteen species previously unreported for or not currently rec-
ognized as occurring in Texas (Acer leucoderme, Carez bromotdes,
Carer verrucosa, Cladium mariscotdes, Lachnocaulon digynum, Lud-
wigia microcarpa, Platanthera integra, Psilocarya scirpoides, Rhyn-
chospora cephalantha, Rhynchospora chalarocephala, Rhynchospora
stenophylla, Rhynchospora tracy1, Styraz grandifolia, Thaspium bar-
binode, Xyris drummondu, Xyris fimbriata, Xyris scabrifolia and
Xyris smalliana) are documented and their habitats and signifi-
cance are discussed. Additional records are given for Carez willde-
nowt, Cyperus graytoides, Rudbeckta scabrifolia, Rudbeckia subto-
mentosa, Rudbeckia triloba, Spiranthes parksii, Thaspium trifolia-
tum, Urularia perfoliata, and Xyrts platylepis, all rare or under-
collected species in Texas. Five species (Lacinocaulon digynum,
Liatris punctata, Palafozia tezana var. ambigua, Rudbeckia scabri-
foliaand Xyris scabrifolia) are reported as new to Louisiana and ad-
ditional records are given for the rare Louisiana species Carez verru-
cosa, Ludwigia microcarpa, Platanthera integra, Polygala crenata,
Rhynchospora cephalantha, Rhynchospora chalarocephala, Rhyncho-
spora divergens, Scleria verticillata, Xyris drummondiu and Xyris
fimbriata. The need for further floristic exploration of rare and
specialized habitats in the West Gulf Coastal Plain of Texas and
Louisiana is considered in relation to existing phytogeographic know-
ledge.

KEY WORDS: Floristics, rare plants, Gulf coast.

This paper presents new and noteworthy records for eastern Texas and
western Louisiana of vascular plants collected during 1986, 1987 and 1988 field
studies by the authors and uncovered while searching herbaria for additional
material of these species. These collections indicate that although the gen-
eral flora of these states is well known, more exploration of rare localized and
specialized habitats is still needed in order to fully document the occurrence
of plants which are very rare or restricted in their habitat preference in this
region. We are considering species as new to or not currently recognized as
occurring in Texas if they are not specifically credited to the state in Correll
& Johnston (1970) or subsequent papers reporting new state records, although
some of these have been documented for Texas in monographs and floras of
larger geographical areas. Species are considered new for Louisiana if they are
not listed for the state in Thomas & Allen (1982, 1984). MacRoberts (1984),

12

Bridges & Orzell: Noteworthy collections in Texas & Louisiana 13

or subsequent works reporting species new to the state. After identifying our
specimens as representing species new or under-documented for these states, we
surveyed pertinent literature and regional herbaria for additional collections.
We were rather successful in uncovering older records for many of these species,
most of which had until our annotations been identified and filed as other more
common species or genera, with the others having been fairly recently collected
or annotated as representing these records. Herbaria searched for misidenti-
fied or overlooked specimens of some or all of these species included ASTC,
LAF, LSU, NLU, SBSC, SMU, TAES, TAMU, TEX-LL and Lamar University
(LAMA).

We have given full and precise locality information for each specimen in
order to make our data more useful to present and future botanists interested
in these plants and habitats, without having to borrow specimens solely for
obtaining label data. This will facilitate relocation and further investigation
of these sites, analysis of geographic and habitat relationships and future work
in detecting local extirpations. Where we have several collections of a species,
data on the geology, soils and community composition of the sites are summa-
rized under the species discussion. Lists of associated species were calculated
based on frequency of close proximity or presence in the same microhabitat,
using synthesis tables constructed from the authors’ field notes. The abbrevi-
ations we have chosen to use in the citation of collection localities include: NF
- National Forest, WA - designated Wilderness Area, WMA - State Wildlife
Management Area, FS Rd - numbered Forest Service road, FR, FM, I-, LA, R,
TX, US - state and national highways and Quad - USGS topographic quadran-
gle. Vascular plant nomenclature generally follows Kartesz & Kartesz (1980,
1985). Authorities, descriptions and keys for most of the species named in this
paper can be found in Clewell (1985), Correll & Johnston (1970), Cronqnist
(1980), Fernald (1950), Godfrey & Wooten (1979), or Radford et al. (1968).

ACER LEUCODERME Small (Aceraceae). TX: Sabine Co: Mesic, par-
tially calcareous, ravine forests in upper reaches of Colorow Creek, N of FS
Rd 198, on W side of FM 330 from 3-3.5 mi N of Geneva, Colorow Creek
Scenic Area, Sabine NF, Patroon South 7.5’ Quad, 31°31'14” N, 93°55'42" W.,
elev 310-500 ft, 20 Apr 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5099 (MO, NCU, SMU, TEX):
Mesic slope and ravine forests along upper reaches of Mason Creek, on NW
side of Sabine Co Rd #37, ca 1 mi W of TX 87, ca 4.5 mi N of Milam, Sabine
NF, Milam 7.5’ Quad, 31°29'33" N, 93°51'10" W, elev 300-400 ft, 12 Apr 1988,
Orzell & Bridges 6184 (TEX). Tyler Co: Occasional in mesic calcareous ravine
forests, ca 3.7 mi NE of Spurger, in deep ravines on W side of Neches River.
Spurger 7.5’ Quad, 30°44'10"” N, 94°08'38” W, elev 75-125 ft, 23 Sep 1986,
Orzell & Bridges 4802 (SMU, TEX); Mesic calcareous slope forest with spring
seeps E of Hooper Drive, 0.3 mi NE of FM 92 at a point 0.9 mi N of int FM
1746 at Town Bluff, on E facing slope above B.A. Steinhagen Lake, Town Bluff
7.5’ Quad, 30°48'07" N, 94°11'02” W, elev 100-215 ft, 7 Nov 1988, Orzell &8
Bridges 8719 (SMU, TEX). Additional collections seen by the authors include:

14 PHY TOLOGIA volume 66(1):12-69 April 1989

TX: Jasper Co: 6 mi SE of Jasper, pine-hardwoods, sandy clay soil, 9 Apr
1954, L.H. Shinners 18400 (SMU); S of Jasper off Hwy 96 between road to
Magnolia Springs and road to Roganville, 14 Apr 1963, D.S. & H.B. Correll
27228 (LL, SMU); 7 mi S of Jasper, 30 Jun 1963, Correll, Ogden & Svenson
28104 (LL). Nacogdoches Co: Cory & Parks s.n., n.d., 2 sheets (TAES), no
collector, number or date, 2 sheets (TAES). Newton Co: Hwy 87, 1.7 miles
south of the 190/87 intersection in Newton. Tree in border of woods along the
roadside, trunk whitish, fruit a samara, 27 Jul 1978, C.D. Peterson 46 (SBSC),
determined by L.E. Brown as A. barbatum in 1985, annotated as A. leucoderme
by the authors in 1987; 4 mi S of Newton, N of Cow Creek, bark white, small
trees to 25 ft, Oct 19 77, Lowrey & Dodd s.n. (TEX). Sabine Co: about 3 mi
S of Yellowpine along highway between Hemphill and Burkeville, 27 Jun 1967,
J.W. Thieret 27278 (SMU); 6.7 mi NW of Milam, stream bottom, sandy clay, 7
Jun 1955, L. H. Shinners 20215 (SMU); bottoms of Palo-Gaucho Bayou, P.O.
Hemphill, elev 240, 13 Jul 1964, D. Demaree 50812 (SMU).

In Tyler Co, we collected Acer leucoderme in mesic ravine forests developed
on calcareous clays of the Fleming Formation (Miocene). In Sabine Co, Acer
leucoderme is found in mesic forests in deep ravines transecting both calcareous
and sandy Eocene strata. The most frequent canopy associates include Carya
cordiformis, C. ovata, C. tomentosa, Fagus grandifolia, Frazinus americana,
Liquidambar styraciflua, Quercus alba, Q. shumardii and Tilia americana. The
most frequent understory tree associates include Ostrya virginiana, Rhamnus
caroliniana, Acer floridanum, A. rubrum, Prunus serotina, Hamamelis vir-
giniana, Carpinus caroliniana, Ilex opaca, Cornus florida, Symplocos tincto-
ria and Cercis canadensis. Shrub and herb associates at two or more sites
include Aesculus pavia, Carez amphibola, C. ozylepis, C. retrofleza, C. willde-
nowii, Cynoglossum virginianum, Erythronium rostratum, Ilez longipes, Lath-
yrus venosus, Lindera benzoin, Luzula echinata, Mitchella repens, Polystichum
acrostichoides, Rhus radicans, Sanguinaria canadensis, Solidago auriculata,
Smiiaz pumila, Styraz grandifolia, Thelypteris hexagonoptera, Trillium gracile,
Uvularia perfoliata, Viburnum acerifolium, V. dentatum and Thaspium trifo-
liatum. It is significant that our Acer leucoderme sites had little or no Magnolia
grandiflora or Pinus taeda, two of the major canopy species of southeast Texas
mesic ravine forests and a richer flora of infrequent mesic vernal herbs than
most such forests. Acer leucoderme is not listed for Texas by Correll & John-
ston (1970), Vines (1977) and Nixon (1985). Small (1933) and Sargent (1933)
give its range as extending west to Louisiana and Arkansas. Little (1977) and
Elias (1980) map Acer leucoderme for Sabine and Jasper counties in Texas and
Duncan & Duncan (1988) and Cox & Leslie (1988) include southeast Texas
in the range. We present our records in order to describe the restricted habi-
tat of this species in Texas and also document its presence in five counties of
southeastern Texas. Acer leucoderme ranges fairly continuously from North
Carolina to Alabama, mostly on the Piedmont Plateau with extensions into
adjacent provinces. It also has more isolated occurrences on the Coastal Plain

Bridges & Orzell: Noteworthy collections in Texas & Louisiana 15

in Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana. It is locally com-
mon along stream terraces in the Athens Piedmont section of the Ouachita
Mountains in Arkansas and Oklahoma. The nearest approach of Acer leuco-
derme to Texas is in west-central Louisiana, where it is known from Caldwell,
Natchitoches, Rapides, Sabine, Vernon and Winn parishes. This area is dis-
junct about 500 km from the more continuous range of the species in central
Alabama and is again shown to extend into adjacent southeast Texas.

CAREX BROMOIDES Willd. (Cyperaceae). TX: San Augustine Co: Acid
seepage swamp forest on S side of TX 21, 0.1 mi E of Palo-Gaucho Bayou,
ca 0.6 mi W of Sabine Co line, Geneva 7.5’ Quad, 31°28'42" N, 93°59/33" W,
elev 270-280 ft Geology - Quaternary Alluvium below Carrizo Sand (Eocene),
18 Apr 1988, Orzell & Bridges 6368 (DUKE, GA, MICH, MO, NCU, SMU,
TEX).

This sedge was very common in a seepage swamp forest dominated by
Tazodium distichum, Liquidambar styraciflua and Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora.
The shrub layer was mostly [tea virginica, with Alnus serrulata and Carpinus
caroliniana. The dense herb layer consisted primarily of sedges, notably Carez
atlantica ssp. capillacea, C. debilis, C. intumescens, C. lurida, C. leptalea and
C. louisianica. Other herb layer associates included Athyrium feliz-femina,
Bartonta tezana, Onoclea sensibilis, Platanthera clavellata, Saururus cernuus
and Woodwardia areolata.

The nearest location to Texas where we have collected this species is a
similar habitat in Rapides Par in west-central Louisiana (Orzell & Bridges
7082). Carex bromoides ranges primarily in the northeastern United States,
becoming less common in the southeastern states and west of the Mississippi
River. Mackenzie (1935) records it as occurring south to Florida, Louisiana
and Hidalgo. It seems to be rare near the periphery of its range in Florida,
Louisiana, Arkansas and Missouri. It is fidel to seep forests in Missouri (Orzell
1984) and Arkansas (Orzell 1985). Our Texas site is the westernmost United
States record of Carer bromoides, the only member of section Deweyanae in
Texas.

CAREX VERRUCOSA Muhl. (Cyperaceae). LA: Allen Par: SEQ, NEQ,
Sec 14, T6S, R6W, Large open flatwoods pond in longleaf pine savannah on W
side Allen Par Rd #121, ca 1.6 mi N of US 190 at Le Blanc, Le Blanc 7.5’ Quad,
30°32'02" N, 92°56'49" W, 22 Sep 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5787 (NLU, TEX),
24 May 1988, Orzell & Bridges 7037 (TEX); Flatwoods ponds ca 0.3 mi N of
US 190, 0.2 mi E of int Allen Par Rd #109, ca 3 mi E of int LA 113 at Reeves,
NEQ, NEQ, Sec 20, T6S, R6W, Le Blanc 7.5’ Quad, 30°31'21"” N, 92°59'51”
W, elev 40-45 ft, 24 May 1988, Orzell & Bridges 7030 (SMU, TEX). Calcasieu
Par: SWQ, Sec 35, T8S, R9W, Deep open flatwoods ponds on S side of Cypress
Lake Dr, from 0.1-0.4 mi W of Sutherland Rd, ca 1 mi N of end of LA Spur 378,
Buhler 7.5’ Quad, 30°19/13”" N, 93°15'45” W, 30 May 1988, Orzell & Bridges
7104 (NLU, TEX); Open graminoid dominated flatwoods ponds in old swale
of Sabine River, ca 0.3 mi W of Old River Rd, ca 0.5 mi N of Bess Branch

16 PHY TOLOGIA volume 66(1):12-69 April 1989

and 0.8 mi S of Beauregard Par line, 0.5 mi NE of High Hill, ca 6 mi NW
of Starks, SH, SWQ, Sec 4, T8S, R13W, Shoats Creek 7.5’ Quad, 30°23'24”
N, 93°42'07" W, elev 30-35 ft, 31 May 1988, Orzell & Bridges 7116 (TEX).
TX: Chambers Co: In open, sand bottomed ponds on Middleton Prairie, a
large, recently burned eastern coastal prairie, ca 2.0 mi ESE of jct of FM 562
(Smith Point Rd) & FM 1985 (Whites Ranch Rd) then ca 2.0 air mi N, E of
Chimney Bayou & W of Oyster Bayou, S of Sykes Rd, Oyster Bayou 7.5’ Quad,
29°41'50” N, 94°35/12" W, elev 10-15 ft, 1 Jun 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5406
(TEX). Hardin Co: Wet flatwoods pond known as “Cow Marsh,” at crossing
of E to W dirt road, reached by dirt road to N off US 96 at a point 1.6 mi
NE of int TX 327, E of Silsbee, Evadale 7.5’ Quad, 30°22'20” N, 94°07'15”
W, elev 33 ft, 16 Apr 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5051 (TEX); Small, graminoid
dominated flatwoods pond on S side of FM 418, ca 1.3 mi E of Village Creek,
opposite paved road int, just E of Pea Monk Branch, Kountze North 7.5’ Quad,
30°23'32" N, 94°17'03” W, elev 60-65 ft, 16 Apr 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5060
(SMU, TEX), 31 May 1987, Orzell, Bridges, & Schotz 5357 (TEX); Flatwoods
pond known as “Hut Pond,” 0.3 mi S of dirt road, 2.1 mi E of end of FR 420,
5.8 mi E of US 69, S of valley of Village Creek, Kountze North 7.5’ Quad,
30°26'56" N, 94°18/53” W, elev 90-95 ft, 16 Apr 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5064
(MO, NCU, SMU, TEX), Orzell, Bridges, & Schotz 5363 (TEX). Jasper Co:
Open flatwoods pond north of dirt road, 2.4 mi E of LeVerte, 2.9 mi E of US 96,
at a point 7.0 mi N of int TX 62 at Buna, Call Junction 7.5’ Quad, 30°32'00"
N, 9475400” W, elev 108 ft, 17 Apr 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5068 (SMU, TEX).
Newton Co: Graminoid cyperoid dominated deep open flatwoods pond ca 2.0
mi N of FR 363, ca 6.5 mi NE of Bleakwood, on E side of Big Cow Creek, ca
0.6 mi N of Sand Ridge Cem, Newton West 7.5’ Quad, 30°45'04” N, 93°45'56”
W, elev 125 ft, 15 Apr 1988, Orzell & Bridges 6327 (MO, NCU, SMU, TEX),
23 Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8230 (SMU, TEX); Intermediate to deep open
flatwoods ponds in pine plantations, N of TX 253 on gravel rd 2.6 mi W of jet
TX 87, Sudduth Bluff 7.5’ Quad, 30°25'50” N, 93°50'40" W, elev 47 ft, 26 Sep
1988, Orzell & Bridges 8567 (SMU, TEX). San Jacinto Co: Open graminoid
dominated flatwoods pond on N side of TX 105, ca 3 mi W of Fostoria and
0.8 mi E of Peach Creek, Fostoria 7.5’ Quad, 30°19'34” N, 95°12'39"” W, 25
Sep 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5809 (GA, SMU, TEX), 21 Apr 1988, Orzell &
Bridges 6458 (MICH, NCU, SMU, TEX). Additional collections: LA: Allen
Par: Infrequent in wet area along Allen Par 121, ca 3 mi N of Le Blanc (see O
& B 5787), 20 Apr 1981, Allen 10684 (LSU). Beauregard Par: Nyssa bog in
longleaf pine land, north of Merryville on Hwy 446, 6 Apr 1969, Brown 20342
(LSU). TX: Hardin Co: (same location as O & B 5051), 25 May 1977, G.
Watson 2187 & 2187A (LAMA).

In Louisiana and Texas, C. verrucosa is primarily found in herbaceous or
graminoid dominated flatwoods ponds on the Deweyville, Beaumont, Mont-
gomery, and Bentley Formations (Quaternary) in Hardin, Jasper and Newton
counties, Texas and Allen, Beauregard and Calcasieu parishes, Louisiana. The

Bridges & Orzell: Noteworthy collections in Texas & Louisiana 17

Chambers Co collection site floristically and edaphically resembled the other
sites, except for the complete absence of trees in the vicinity. The soils of
these sites have been mapped primarily as Typic Glossaqualfs and Typic Fra-
giaqualfs, and have shallow standing water much of the year, except for summer
droughts. Species found at almost every site for Carez verrucosa include Ba-
copa caroliniana, Eriocaulon compressum, Gratiola brevifolia, Ludwigia sphae-
rocarpa, Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora, Panicum hemitomon, Proserpinaca pecti-
nata, Rhynchospora perpleza and Xyris iridifolia. Other frequently associated
species include Cacalia lanceolata, Carez glaucescens, Cephalanthus occiden-
talis, Erianthus giganteus, Eriocaulon decangulare, Fuirena breviseta, Hydrolea
ovata, Juncus repens, Pluchea rosea, Rhezia lutea, R. mariana, Rhynchospora
cephalantha, R. corniculata, R. elliottu, R. filifolia, R. latifolia, R. tracyz,
Sphagnum macrophyllum, Styraz americana and Xyris fimbriata.

Confusion has existed between this species and C. glaucescens, mainly due
to the paucity of good material of C. verrucosa. Well developed, robust, ma-
ture specimens of C. verrucosa will still have erect pistillate spikes, with the
uppermost sessile. Immature or poorly developed specimens of C. glaucescens
can also have these characters, but the pedicels greatly elongate on robust
and mature fruiting plants. In addition and perhaps more importantly, C.
verrucosa typically matures fruit from March to July, whereas C. glaucescens
matures from July to October (Clewell 1985). In southeast Texas, C. verrucosa
is mature in early April and completely disseminated by early June, whereas C.
glaucescens does not flower until June through August, has mature fruit gen-
erally from August to September and disseminates from early fall into winter.
We have occasionally observed that C. verrucosa can flower and fruit again in
the fall, from September to October, but this seems to be a rare and atypical
occurrence. Wilhelm (1984) notes that this species may perhaps be overlooked
due to its resemblance to the more frequent C. glaucescens.

Carez verrucosa ranges almost entirely on the Coastal Plain from North
Carolina south to Florida and west to Louisiana. It is common in limesink
depression ponds in southwestern Georgia (Thorne 1954, Lynch et al. 1986)
and northern Florida and in flatwoods ponds within wetland longleaf pine
savannahs on the outer South Atlantic and East Gulf Coastal Plains. The
LSU specimens were previously identified as C. glaucescens and annotated as
C. verrucosa by the authors. The only other report of C. verrucosa from the
West Gulf Coastal Plain is by Dutton (1986) from Cameron Par, Louisiana.

CAREX WILLDENOWII Schkuhr. (Cyperaceae). TX: Anderson Co: Lower
slope mesic forest on S side of northernmost road through Davey Dogwood
Park, ca 0.5 mi W of FR 3309 and just W of small creek crossing, Northwest
Palestine 7.5’ Quad, 31°47'27” N, 95°38'20” W, elev 520-540 ft, 6 May 1988,
Orzell & Bridges 6604 (MICH, NCU, SMU, TEX). Angelina Co: Mature mesic
bottomland forest on NW side of FS Rd 303 near crossing of Big Creek, ca 0.7
mi S of FS Rd 302, Angelina NF, Upland Island WA, Boykin Spring 7.5’ Quad,
31°05'10" N, 94°19'25" W, elev 120-140 ft, 13 Apr 1988, Orzell & Bridges 6223

18 PH YTOLOGIA volume 66(1):12-69 April 1989

(SMU, TEX). Hardin Co: Mesic hardwood slope forest S of Village Creek & N
of FR 420, 2.6 mi E of US 69, just E of Big Thicket Visitor Center, Turkey Creek
Unit, Big Thicket National Preserve, Kountze North 7.5’ Quad, 30°27'58” N,
94°20'41" W, elev 75-100 ft, 16 Apr 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5065 (TEX). Hous-
ton Co: Dry-mesic, E facing lower slope forest W of FS Rd 517, ca 0.1 mi N
of FS Rd 511, on W side of Hickory Creek, next to the Big Slough WA, Davy
Crockett NF, Ratcliff 7.5’ Quad, 31°28'17" N, 95°07'53” W, elev 210-240 ft,
20 Apr 1988, Orzell & Bridges 6431 (MICH, NCU, SMU, TEX). Jasper Co:
Old growth mesic calcareous stream terrace forest just S of roadside park on
W side of US 96, 1.7 mi S of int US 190 on S side of Jasper, along Big Walnut
Run, Jasper East 7.5’ Quad, 30°53'17" N, 93°59'27" W, elev 180-190 ft, 17
Apr 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5073 (SMU, TEX); Small older growth remnant
mesic streamside forest on E side of gravel rd, 0.8 mi S of int US 190 opposite
int FM 1408 at Holly Springs, along N flowing tributary of Melholmes Creek,
Jasper East 7.5’ Quad, 30°53'10” N, 93°53'15” W, elev 250-260 ft, 15 Apr 1988,
Orzell & Bridges 6300 (TEX). Liberty Co: Mesic mixed hardwood forest in E
facing ravine, just E of Dayton & N of US 90, Dayton 7.5’ Quad, 30°03'03” N,
94°52'54” W, elev 30-80 ft, 15 Apr 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5045 (NCU, SMU,
TEX). Nacogdoches Co: Dry-mesic forest on steep slopes on E side of Atascoso
(Tuscosso) Creek, N of FM 226, 3.5 miS of int TX 21 at Oak Ridge, Woden 7.5’
Quad, 31°31'35”" N, 94°31'56” W, elev 230-300 ft, 2 Apr 1987, Orzell & Bridges
5033 (GA, MO, NCU, SMU, TEX); Dry-mesic calcareous forest on mid slope
(30% slope), NW of Barnes Lake, E of county road, S of Beech Creek, 0.5 mi
S of Rusk Co line, Trawick 7.5’ Quad, 31°50'12” N, 94°44'39”" W, elev 320-360
ft, 14 Apr 1988, Orzell & Bridges 6268 (SMU, TEX); Mesic calcareous forest
on W side of FR 343, ca 2.7 mi W of jct FR 1638, on S side of stream crossing,
Nacogdoches North 7.5’ Quad, 31°40'30" N, 94°44'35” W, elev 360-400 ft, 14
Apr 1988, Orzell & Bridges 6291 (MICH, NCU, TEX). Newton Co: Cut-over,
sandy mesic forest in dissected topography on N side of county rd, ca 2.2 mi W
of US 190 from int just W of valley of Big Cow Creek, ca 4.5 mi W of TX 87 at
Newton, Newton West 7.5’ Quad, 30°51'20” N, 93°50'33”" W, elev 270-330 ft,
15 Apr 1988, Orzell & Bridges 6312 (SMU, TEX). Red River Co: Old growth
mesic slope and wet-mesic bottomland forests S of gravel rd, ca 1.5 mi S of FM
2118 at a point 1.5 mi W of TX 37, on N side of Pecan Bayou, ca 9 mi N of
Clarksville, Lennox Woods, Dimple 7.5’ Quad, 33°43'58” N, 95°05'10” W, elev
395-420 ft, 26 Mar 1987, Orzell & Bridges 4917(GA, MICH, MO, NCU, SMU,
TEX). Rusk Co: Mesic stream terrace forest along logging rd ca 200 yds E of
Nacogdoches Co Rd #173 ext, ca 2.1 mi N of int FM 1087 (at Freewill Baptist
Church), ENE of Sandy Creek crossing, Garrison West 7.5’ Quad, 31°52'03” N,
94°34'26” W, elev 380-390 ft, 14 Apr 1988, Orzell & Bridges 6255 (DUKE, GA,
MICH, MO, NCU, NY, SMU, TEX). Sabine Co: Mesic ravine forest in upper
reaches of valley of Dorsey Branch, on N side of FR 276 extension, ca 0.4-1.0
mi W of TX 87 at Isla, 5.2 mi N of Milam, East Hamilton 7.5’ Quad, 31°30'07"
N, 93°51'28" W, elev 300-520 ft, 30 Mar 1987, Orzell & Bridges 4957 (SMU,

Bridges & Orzell: Noteworthy collections in Texas & Louisiana 19

TEX); Mesic, partially calcareous, ravine forests in upper reaches of Colorow
Creek, N of FS Rd 198, on W side of FM 330 from 3-3.5 mi N of Geneva,
Colorow Creek Scenic Area, Sabine NF, Patroon South 7.5’ Quad, 31°31'14”
N, 93°55'42” W, elev 310-500 ft, 30 Mar 1987, Orzell & Bridges 4970 (TEX);
Mesic slope and ravine forests along upper reaches of Mason Creek, on NW
side of Sabine Co Rd #37, ca 1 mi W of TX 87, ca 4.5 mi N of Milam, Sabine
NF, Milam 7.5’ Quad, 31°29'33” N, 93°51'10" W, elev 300-400 ft, 12 Apr 1988,
Orzell & Bridges 6177 (TEX); Dry-mesic to mesic slope and ravine forests N
of Bennetts Cem, NE of N end of FS Rd 121, along shore of Toledo Bend Res,
just S of Shelby Co line, Sabine NF, East Hamilton 7.5’ Quad, 31°35/00” N,
93°50'10" W, elev 170-240 ft, 12 Apr 1988, Orzell & Bridges 6202 (DUKE,
GA, MICH, NCU, SMU, TEX). San Augustine Co: Mesic ravine forest below
heavily burned pine uplands in upper part of ravine N of FS Rd 300, between
FS Rds 300-C and 300-D, ca 1 mi E of FM 1277 at a point 3.6 mi NW of int
TX 147, N of Broaddus, Bannister WMA, Angelina NF, Broaddus 7.5’ Quad,
31°22'03" N, 94°15'37" W, elev 260-300 ft, 31 Mar 1987, Orzell & Bridges
4980 (SMU, TEX); Mesic ravine and slope forests in valley of Clear Branch,
on W side of FR 705, ca 2.0 mi S of TX 103, 3.6 mi S of Macune, Angelina
NF, Turkey Hill WA, Harvey Creek 7.5’ Quad, 31°21'32” N, 94°09'46”" W, elev
200-300 ft, 31 Mar 1987, Orzell & Bridges 4990 (NCU, TEX); Shrub thickets
on slope below extensive open flat Weches Formation ironstone outcrop, 0.2 mi
SW of gravel rd to Sunrise, 0.9 mi SE of int TX 21 at a point 1.1 mi E of center
of San Augustine, San Augustine East 7.5’ Quad, 31°30'53” N, 94°05/07”" W,
elev 350 ft, 18 Apr 1988, Orzell & Bridges 6342 (TEX). San Jacinto Co: Mesic
stream terrace and slope forests along Big Creek, N of FS Rd 217, ca 1.7 mi
W of TX 150 at a point 4.6 mi NW of Shepherd, Big Creek Scenic Area, Sam
Houston NF, Camilla 7.5’ Quad, 30°30'40” N, 95°05'25" W, elev 190-240 ft,
21 Apr 1988, Orzell & Bridges 6447(GA, MO, NCU, SMU, TEX). Shelby Co:
Mesic mixed hardwood forests in ravines to E of TX 147, 1.5 mi N of jet FM
1279, Sabine NF, San Augustine East 7.5’ Quad, 31°37'22” N, 94°05/06”" W,
elev 340-400 ft, 22 Apr 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5118 (NCU, SMU, TEX).
Carez willdenowit, the only member of section Phyllostachyae in Texas, is a
typical sedge of mesic, somewhat calcareous or sandy calcareous, ravine, slope
and stream terrace forests in southeastern Texas. Although our records would
indicate it to be rather frequent, this sedge is actually quite restricted in habitat
preference and consequently is unlikely to be encountered in the vast major-
ity of forests of eastern Texas. It is seldom if ever found in pine dominated
forests and is often associated with other eastern mesic forest species reaching
their western range limits in eastern Texas. It is often found in deep ravines
transecting the alternating sandy and calcareous Sparta, Weches, Queen City,
Reklaw, Carrizo and Wilcox Formations (Eocene). It is also found on the
calcareous Bonham (Cretaceous), Yegua and Cook Mountain (Eocene) and
Fleming (Quaternary) Formations, or on stream terraces below these forma-
tions. We have also collected Carez willdenowii on the dissected escarpments

20 PHY TOLOGIA volume 66(1):12-69 April 1989

of the Bentley and Beaumont Formations (Quaternary). Carer willdenowu
seems to prefer a somewhat nutrient enriched, moist but well drained, sandy
loam soil. The soils of our collecting sites have been mapped as Typic Hap-
ludults, Arenic Plinthic Paleudults, Mollic, Typic and Vertic Hapludalfs and
Fluvaquentic Dystrochrepts. We have recorded over 240 species as associated
with Carez willdenowii in Texas. Frequent canopy tree associates include Fa-
gus grandifolia, Tilia americana, Acer rubrum, Carya cordiformis, C. ovata,
C. tomentosa, Frazinus americana, Liquidambar styraciflua, Magnolia grandi-
flora, Nyssa sylvatica, Pinus taeda, Prunus serotina, Quercus michauzu, Q.
alba, Q. falcata, Q. nigra and Q. shumardw. Frequent understory trees in-
clude Acer floridanum, A. leucoderme, Asimina triloba, Carpinus caroliniana,
Cercis canadensis, Cornus florida, Hamamelis virginiana, Ilex opaca, Ostrya
virginiana, Rhamnus caroliniana and Symplocos tinctoria. Frequent shrub and
woody vine associates include Aesculus pavia, Aralia spinosa, Arundinaria gi-
gantea, Berchemia scandens, Callicarpa americana, Chionanthus virginicus,
Euonymus americanus, Lindera benzoin, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Rhus
radicans, Sambucus canadensis, Smilaz pumila, Styraz grandifolia, Viburnum
acerifolium, V. dentatum and Vitis rotundifolia. A relatively rich herb layer
is present at most Carez willdenowzi sites. The most frequently associated
sedges (in order of descending frequency) are Carez digitalis, C. ozylepis, C.
amphibola, C. physorhyncha, C. retrofleza, C. striatula and C. flaccosperma,
with 11 other Carez species recorded from at least one site. Other frequent
herbaceous associates include Allium canadense, Arisaema dracontium, A. tri-
phyllum, Aristolochia serpentaria, Asplenium platyneuron, Botrychium virgini-
anum, Claytonia virginica, Cynoglossum virginianum, Epifagus virginiana, Lil-
tum michauzi, Listera australis, Luzula echinata, Melica mutica, Mitchella
repens, Myosotis macrosperma, Ozalis violacea, Phlor pilosa, Phryma lep-
tostachya, Poa autumnalis, Podophyllum peltatum, Polygonum virginianum,
Polystichum acrostichoides, Salvia lyrata, Sanicula gregaria, Senecio obova-
tus, Solidago auriculata, S. caesia, Tipularia discolor, Tradescantia hirsutt-
flora, Trillium gracile, Valerianella radiata, Viola lovelliana and V. walteri.
Several additional species are strongly associated with C. willdenowii only in
deep ravines in Sabine and adjacent San Augustine, Shelby, and Nacogdoches
counties and are infrequent in eastern Texas. These include. Brachyelytrum
erectum, Carez blanda, Dentaria laciniata, Dioscorea villosa, Erythronium ros-
tratum, Ilez longipes, Lathyrus venosus, Lithospermum tuberosum, Sanguinaria
canadensis, Spigelia marilandica, Thelypteris hezagonoptera, and Uvularia per-
foliata.

In Correll & Johnston (1970) Carez willdenowii is referred to as “Rare (if
present at all) in extreme e. Tex....said to occur also in Texas, but no material
has been seen from the state.” The report(s) referred to probably include
Britton & Brown (1913), Small (1933), Mackenzie (1935) and Fernald (1950),
all of which include Texas in the range of this species. We found this very
distinctive sedge at 22 sites in fourteen counties in eastern Texas, despite the

Bridges & Orzell: Noteworthy collections in Texas & Louisiana 21

lack of Texas specimens at ASTC, SBSC, SMU, TAES, TAMU, or TEX. Our
current data indicate that it is generally absent from northeastern Texas, with
the exception of a disjunct occurrence in Red River Co. Carez willdenowi
generally ranges in the eastern United States west to Indiana and Tennessee
and south to Florida and Louisiana. It seems to be most frequent in the
southeastern states, particularly on the Coastal Plain. West of the Mississippi
River it is restricted to the Coastal Plain, except for a single record in the
Ouachita Mountains (Orzell & Bridges 1987). It has apparently not been
collected in Oklahoma. The Texas records presented are farther west than all
previous reports for Carez willdenowzt.

CLADIUM MARISCOIDES (Muhl.) Torrey (Cyperaceae). TX: Anderson
Co: Lower slope seepage peat bog ca 1.0 mi due S of FM 2961 and 0.5 mi
E of main road through Engeling WMA, Cayuga 7.5’ Quad, 31°58'36" N,
95°52'46" W, elev 270-290 ft, 8 June 1988, Orzell, Bridges & P. Sheridan 7188
(NCU, SMU, TEX), 15 Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges 7960 (GA, GH, MICH,
NY, SMU, TEX). Henderson Co: Stream valley seepage, mucky peat bog on
small stream near SW corner of Koon Creek Club, above 2 small lakes and
below one lake, ca 1.1 mi N of Anderson Co line, 0.7 mi S of Wilson Lake,
Cross Roads 7.5’ Quad, 32°02'35” N, 95°52'32" W, elev 340-350 ft, 8 Jun
1988, Orzell, Bridges, & P. Sheridan 7170 (GA, NCU, NY, SMU, TEX), 16
Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8013 (DUKE, FSU, GH, MICH, MO, NCU, NY,
SMU, TEX). Additional collections: Smith Co: Swamps, Swan, 10 Jun 1902,
J. Reverchon 2920 (SMU).

We found Cladium mariscoides in two seepage-fed mucky peat bogs on
the Queen City Sand (Eocene) and a Quaternary Terrace below this forma-
tion. The soils are mapped as Arenic Paleaquults. Cladium mariscoides is an
early summer dominant in low, wetter parts of these bogs. Species associated
at both sites include Apios americana, Asclepias rubra, Carez atlantica var.
atlantica, Coreopsis tripteris, Eriocaulon decangulare, Gratiola brevifolia, He-
lianthus angustifolius, Hydrocotyle umbellata, Iris virginica, Juncus coriaceus,
LTiatris pycnostachya, Mayaca fluviatilis, Myrica cerifera, Osmunda cinnamo-
mea, Pogonia ophioglossoides, Ptilimnium costatum, Rhezia virginica, Rhyn-
chospora chalarocephala, Sarracenia alata, Scleria reticularis, Sphagnum sp.,
Utricularia gibba, Woodwardia virginica and Xyris torta.

The continuous range of Cladium mariscoides comes closest to Texas near
Chicago, Illinois, a disjunction of 1250 km. The nearest old isolated report is
that of Mohr (1901) from Baldwin Co in southern coastal Alabama, 800 km
from the Texas sites. Harper (1905) collected the only Georgia record, growing
with Carez walteriana in a grassy cypress pond in Dooly Co. Ktkenthal (1942)
gives the range of this species as extending south to Delaware, North Carolina,
Georgia, Florida and Kentucky and several floras include Florida, Georgia,
and Mississippi in its range. Tucker (1987), probably erroneously, reports this
species as extending to Missouri. Stuckey & Denny (1981) and the authors
have been unable to locate documented records from farther south than South

22 PH YTOLOGIA volume 66(1):12-69 April 1989

Carolina (1), North Carolina (7 counties), Virginia (4 counties) and central
Indiana and Ohio. In the mountains of Virginia and North Carolina this species
is dominant in low areas of standing water in poor fens (Weakley 1979, McLeod
& Croom 1983). It is considered a characteristic plant of prairie fens and bog
fens in Ohio (Stuckey & Denny 1981). In the Red Lake Peatland of northern
Minnesota it occurs in flarks and fen-pools in open minerotrophic fens (Wheeler
et al. 1983) and consistently occurs in spring fens in Minnesota (Glaser 1983a,
1987). It is a common species of marl flats in fens in New York (Bernard
et al. 1983) and Illinois (Moran 1981). In Michigan, it occurs in emergent
aquatic and fen zones in a Kalamazoo Co wetland complex (Sytsma & Pippen
1982) and in standing water in a Berrien Co fen (Kohring 1982). In general,
Cladium mariscoides is considered an indicator species for fens throughout the
northeastern United States (Johnson 1985) and a characteristic rich fen plant
in the upper Great Lakes region (Crum 1988). Other plants associated with
Cladium mariscoides at the Texas sites which are somewhat characteristic of,
but not restricted to, northern fens include Carez stricta, Cirsium muticum,
Dulichium arundinaceum, and Thelypteris palustris. Displacement of peatland
plants along nutrient gradients from bogs on the Coastal Plain to fens in the
continental interior has been noted in the distribution pattern of several mire
species (Glaser 1983b) and may also apply to Cladium mariscoides. It seems
from comparing species associations and hydrological factors between the Texas
sites and those of the northern states that parts of the Texas bog sites may
better be described as poor fens.

The Reverchon specimen from Texas was determined as and filed under
Rhynchospora globularis, although it bore the earlier annotation “Mariscus
sp.?” by Shirley Gale in 1940. We have so far been unable to relocate the bog
at Swan where Reverchon collected numerous disjunct and very rare Texas
plants in 1902.

CYPERUS GRAYIOIDES Mohlenbrock (Cyperaceae). TX: Anderson Co:
Deep sand savannah ca 0.6 mi W of Catfish Creek and just N of Kidd Springs
in Engeling WMA, Cayuga 7.5’ Quad, 31°52'35" N, 95°53'10” W, elev 350
ft, 5 Oct 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8643 (ILL, NCU, SMU, TEX); Openings in
sandhill woodland ca 1.0 mi due S of FM 2961 and 0.5 mi E of main road
through Engeling WMA, Cayuga 7.5’ Quad, 31°58'36” N, 95°52'46” W, elev
270-290 ft, 15 Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges 7981 (GA, GH, NCU, SMU, TEX,
WIS). Angelina Co: Sand barrens in upland longleaf pine savannah, ca 0.55
air mi ESE of FS Rd 313 & 313A jet, ca 1.4 air mi S of FS Rd 313 & TX
63, in valley of Shearwood Creek, ca 6.5 air mi W of Ebenezer, Angelina NF,
Boykin Spring 7.5’ Quad, 31°04'27" N, 94°15'45” W, elev 250-300 ft, 10 Nov
1988, Orzell & Bridges 8754 (TEX). Burleson Co: Deep sand savannah on N
side of FR 908, ca 4.1 mi W of TX 21 and 1.0 mi E of Burleson Co Rd #319,
Chriesman 7.5’ Quad, 30°31'00” N, 96°48/00" W, elev 500-510 ft, 5 Oct 1988,
Orzell & Bridges 8612 (SMU, TEX). Colorado Co: Xeric riparian sandhills 9.8
mi W of Sealy on I-10 at San Bernard River crossing, ca 2.1 mi E of int FM -

Bridges & Orzell: Noteworthy collections in Texas & Louisiana 23

2761, Eagle Lake 7.5’ Quad, 29°44'52” N, 96°17/50" W, elev 195-205 ft, 27
Sep 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8598 (GA, GH, ILL, NCU, NY, SMU, TEX, WIS).
Franklin Co: Sandhill woodlands and sand barrens on S side of FR 900, ca 1.3
mi W of FM 115, 6.2 mi S of I-30 on S side of Mount Vernon, near two springs
on topo map, New Hope 7.5’ Quad, 33°04'47” N, 95°14'49” W, elev 550-570
ft, 19 Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8119 (DUKE, F, FSU, GA, ILL, MO, NCU,
NY, SMU, TEX, WIS). Freestone Co: Sandhill woodland-barrens just N of Old
Zion Cem, ca 0.4 mi S of TX 164 at a point 6.2 mi W of Buffalo (in Leon Co),
along headwaters of Rena Branch, Donie 7.5’ Quad, 31°28'13" N, 96°09'45”
W, elev 460-470 ft, 11 Jul 1988, Orzell 7347 (ILL, NCU, SMU, TEX). Hardin
Co: Clear cut, slash pine planted, deep riverine sandhill on N side of FM 418,
ca 0.2 mi E of Village Creek and S of Dry Creek, ca 3.6 mi E of US 69 at
Kountze, Kountze North 7.5’ Quad, 30°23'55” N, 94°15'38” W, elev 50-60 ft,
23 Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8170 (DUKE, F, FSU, GA, ILL, MO, NCU,
NY, SMU, TEX, WIS); Xeric stream terrace sand ridge ca 0.4 mi S of FM 418
at a point 4 mi W of int US 69/287 in Kountze, on E side of Village Creek,
Roy E. Larsen Sandylands Sanctuary, Kountze North 7.5’ Quad, 30°23'26” N,
94°15'25" W, elev 50-55 ft, 23 Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8202 (GA, GH, MO,
NCU, SMU, TEX, WIS); Xeric stream terrace sand ridge on N side of TX 327,
ca 3.5 mi W of jct FM 498 in Silsbee, ca 0.3 mi E of Village Creek bridge, Roy
E. Larsen Sandylands Sanctuary, Silsbee 7.5’ Quad, 30°21'00” N, 94°14'10”
W, elev 50 ft, 25 Sep 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8553 (SMU, TEX). Henderson
Co: Openings in sandhill woodlands above small stream near SW corner of
Koon Creek Club, above 2 small lakes and below one lake, ca 1.1 mi N of
Anderson Co line, 0.7 mi S of Wilson Lake, Cross Roads 7.5’ Quad, 32°02'35”
N, 95°52'32" W, elev 340-350 ft, 16 Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8021 (F, ILL,
NCU, NY, SMU, TEX). Leon Co: Xeric unstable eolian sandhill barrens with
blow-outs on broad flat upland ca 0.2 mi W of Cherokee Lake and 0.1 mi N
of main road through Hilltop Lakes Resort, 1.8 mi E of FR 3, Hilltop Lakes
7.5’ Quad, 31°04'27" N, 96°11'47" W, elev 425-450 ft, 7 June 1988, Orzell,
Bridges, & P. Sheridan 7161 (ILL, NCU, NLU, SMU, TEX); Xeric sandhill
woodland-sand barrens at NE corner of intersection of TX 7 and FM 1511 at
Hopewell (Eunice on topo map), Eunice 7.5’ Quad, 31°19'20” N, 95°48'55" W,
elev 320-350 ft, 15 June 1988, Orzell & Bridges 7302 (GA, MO, TAES, SMU,
TEX). Nacogdoches Co: Clear cut, disturbed deep xeric sandhill woodland on
sand road through pine plantation, 0.6 mi N of FM 1087 at a point ca 5 mi E
of US 259, 0.5 mi S of Rusk Co line and ca 6.3 air miles WNW of Garrison,
Garrison West 7.5’ Quad, 31°50/17” N, 94°36'09” W, elev 520 ft, 21 Sep 1988,
Orzell & Bridges 8427 (MO, NCU, SMU, TEX, WIS). Newton Co: Bare sand
openings in dry longleaf pine savannah, S of FS Rd 196 in Sand Hills area,
ca 1 mi S of Sabine Co line, Sabine NF, Fairmount 7.5’ Quad, 31°09/34” N,
93°38'15" W, elev 220 ft, 14 Oct 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5907 (SMU, TEX);
Sandhill barrens woodland ca 2.0 mi N of FR 363, ca 6.5 mi NE of Bleakwood,
on E side of Big Cow Creek near Sand Ridge Cem, Bleakwood 7.5’ Quad,

24 PH YTOLOGIA volume 66(1):12-69 April 1989

30°44/15" N, 93°45'50” W, elev 125-136 ft, 23 Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges
3212A (GA, GH, ILL, MO, NCU, NLU, NY, SMU, TEX, WIS); Xeric sand
ridge on Big Cow Creek floodplain along US 190, just W of bridge over Big
Cow Creek, ca 2.1 mi W of int TX 87 at Newton, Newton West 7.5’ Quad,
30°51'10" N, 93°47'52" W, elev 160-170 ft, 23 Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8232
(NCU, SMU, TEX). Robertson Co: Openings in sandhill woodlands in upper
reaches of Mill Creek, upstream from Busby Hollow, ca 1 mi S of Co Rd 333
on sand road, from a point 3.0 mi W of TX 1940, 5.5 mi N of int OSR, Camp
Creek Lake 7.5’ Quad, 31°00'50” N, 96°21'03” W, elev 380-400 ft, 7 Jun 1988,
Orzell, Bridges, & P. Sheridan 7160 (SMU, TEX); Eolian, unstable deep xeric
sandhill barrens SW of Mill Creek, ca 1.3 mi S of Robertson Co Rd #333, at
a point 3.5 mi W of FM 1940, to W of transmission line right-of-way, Camp
Creek Lake 7.5’ Quad, 31°00'34” N, 96°21'34" W, elev 430-460 ft, 5 Oct 1988,
Orzell & Bridges 8626 (DUKE, GA, GH, ILL, MO, NCU, NY, SMU, TEX,
WIS). Rusk Co: Clear cut, disturbed deep xeric sandhill on sand road in pine
plantations, ca 0.4 mi W of sand road from Nacogdoches Co at a point 1.2
mi N of FM 1087, ca 5 mi E of US 259, 6.5 mi WNW of Garrison, Garrison
West 7.5’ Quad, 31°50'55” N, 94°36'30” W, elev 510 ft, 21 Sep 1988, Orzell
& Bridges 8420 (GA, ILL, SMU, TEX). San Augustine Co: Burned sandhill
woodland barrens dominated by longleaf pine on E side of TX 147 from jct
FM 1279 to 0.4 miS of jet FM 1279, ca 5 mi N of San Augustine, 31°35'56” N,
94°04'53” W, Sabine NF, San Augustine East 7.5’ Quad, 15 Oct 1987, Orzell
& Bridges 5913 (SMU, TEX). Shelby Co: Dry sandhill woodland barrens on
E side of TX 147, 1.5 mi N of ject FM 1279, 0.1-0.5 mi N of San Augustine Co
line, 31°37/17" N, 94°05'24" W, Sabine NF, San Augustine East 7.5’ Quad, 15
Oct 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5919 (SMU, TEX). Smith Co: Sandhill woodland
and sand barrens on SW side of jct Loop 323 and Charlotte Dr on NW side
of Tyler, ca 0.5 mi W of jct US 69 North, Tyler North 7.5’ Quad, 32°22'40”
N, 95°20/21" W, elev 500-510 ft, 18 Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8100 (F, MO,
SMU, TEX). Tyler Co: Cleared xeric sandhill woodland barrens on W side of
US 69 at intersection of R255, ca 2.2 mi N of Colmesneil, Colmesneil 7.5’ Quad,
30°56/15” N, 94°25/02” W, elev 410 ft, 22 Sep 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8471 (F,
GA, MO, NCU, SMU, TEX, WIS). Upshur Co: Sandy roadside, formerly a
sandhill woodland, on E side of TX 155, 0.2 mi S of roadside park and 0.3 mi
S of jct FR 1002, ca 12 mi S of Gilmer and 2.1 mi N of US 80 at Big Sandy,
adjacent to sand mine, Big Sandy 7.5’ Quad, 32°36'23" N, 95°05/23” W, elev
300-310 ft, 18 Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8094 (ILL, NCU, SMU, TEX). Van
Zandt Co: Sandhill woodland barrens just E of Big Rock Ch and just W of
Sand Hill, ca 2.5 mi S of FR 1256 via Co Rd 2901, ca 5 mi W of TX 19, Phalba
7.5’ Quad, 32°22'33"” N, 95°56'00" W, elev 580-600 ft, Orzell & Bridges 8107
(F, ILL, SMU, TEX). Wood Co: Sandhill woodland barrens on sand road S of
Co Rd 3978, 0.2 mi S of TX 154 at a point 1.1 mi W of int FR 2869, ca 14.5
mi E of Quitman, Rhonesboro 7.5’ Quad, 32°46'25”" N, 95°12'20” W, elev 510-
520 ft, Orzell & Bridges 8079 (GA, NCU, SMU, TEX); Sandhill woodlands in

Bridges & Orzell: Noteworthy collections in Texas & Louisiana 25

valley of tributary W of Little Cypress Creek, E of power line and spring, S of
Co Rd 4596, ca 1.5 mi E of FR 2869, ca 12 mi SE of Winnsboro, Rhonesboro
7.5’ Quad, 32°49'05” N, 95°11'05" W, elev 460-500 ft, 18 Aug 1988, Orzell
& Bridges 8084 (TEX). Additional collections: Hardin Co: In sandy scrub
oak ridges along east side of Village Creek, Rte #327, between Silsbee and
Kountze, 5 Jun 1966, D.S. Correll 32952 (LL). Leon Co: Dune area at Hilltop
Lakes, 11 Sep 1968, D.S. Correll 36421-B (LL); Sand dunes at Hilltop Lakes
Resort off Rte 3, 6 miles from Normangee, 29 Sep 1968, D.S. & H.B. Correll
36653 (LL).

In extreme southeastern Texas, Cyperus grayioides occurs in dry, sandy,
almost barren openings in upland longleaf pine savannahs on xeric stream ter-
race Pleistocene sand ridges and on the Willis (Quaternary) and Catahoula
(Miocene) Formations. In the northern part of southeast Texas (San Au-
gustine, Shelby, Nacogdoches and Rusk counties), it occurs in dry sandhill
woodlands on the Carrizo Sand (Eocene). In the Post Oak Belt of east-central
Texas, it is found in openings, sometimes with unstable, wind-blown sand,
in xeric sandhill woodlands, savannahs, or open sand barrens on the Car-
rizo, Sparta and Queen City Sand Formations (Eocene) and very rarely on
stream terrace sand ridges below these formations. The soils of the Texas
sites are primarily Typic Quartzipsamments, with the remainder being the re-
lated subgroups of Psammentic Paleudalfs, Grossarenic Paleudults and Arenic
Paleudults. Species which are frequently associated with Cyperus grayioides
throughout most of its Texas range include Aristida desmantha, Bulbostylis
cthatifolia, Cassia fasciculata, Cnidoscolus tezanus, Croton argyranthemus,
Crotonopsis linearis, Dicanthelium acuminatum var. villosum, Diodia teres,
Eriogonum multiflorum, Euphorbia cordifolia, Froelichia floridana, Haplopap-
pus divaricatus, Helianthemum georgianum, Helianthus debilis, Hymenopap-
pus artemistaefolius, Ilex vomitoria, Lechea villosa, Matelea cynanchoides,
Monarda punctata, Opuntia humifusa, Paronychia drummondit, Paspalum se-
taceum, Polanisia erosa, Polypremum procumbens, Quercus incana, Q. stel-
lata, Schizachyrium scoparium, Scutellaria cardiophylla, Selaginella arenicola
ssp. riddellw, Stillingia sylvatica, Stylisma pickeringit, Tephrosia virginiana,
Thelesperma filifolium, Tradescantia reverchonii, Triplasis purpurea and Vac-
cinium arboreum. Additional species found primarily at Post Oak Belt sites
and rarely associated in southeast Texas include Bumelia lanuginosa, Com-
melina erector, Evaz candida, Loeflingia squarrosa, Oenothera heterophylla,
Pediomelum subulatum, Penstemon murrayanus, Spermolepis divaricata, Tetra-
gonotheca ludoviciana, and Vitis lincecumit. Species associated only at Post
Oak Belt sites include West Gulf Coastal Plain endemic or near-endemic A-
phanostephus skirrhobasis, Brazoria pulcherrima, Coreopsis basalis, C. inter-
media, Dalea phleoides var. microphylla, Gaillardia amblyodon, Hedyotis sub-
viscosa, Phlox drummondii, Physalis mollis, P. macrophysa, Polygonella park-
sit, Rhododon ciliatus and Tradescantia subacaulis, as well as the more wide-
spread Allium drummondii, Carer muhlenbergit, Hymenopappus tenutfolius,

26 PHY TOLOGIA volume 66(1):12-69 April 1989

Krameria lanceolata, Pediomelum digitatum, Plantago wrightiana, Rhus tor-
icodendron, Sedum nuttallianum and Talinum parviflorum. Associates re-
stricted to southeast Texas sites include Aristida longespica, A. lanosa, Berlan-
diera X betonicifolia, Cyperus retrofractus, Gaillardia aestivalis var. winkleri,
Gymnopogon ambiguus, Heterotheca graminifolia, Hypericum hypericoides, Pi-
nus palustris, Rhynchospora grayi and Sassafras albidum. Additional species
most commonly associated in southeast Texas but with one Post Oak Belt site
include Hypericum drummondit, Liatris elegans, Palafozia reverchonii, Pinus
palustris, Polygonella polygama, Solidago odora and Sporobolus junceus. At
least 36 species frequently associated with Cyperus grayioides are endemic or
near endemic to sand areas within the West Gulf Coastal Plain. Two species
which are commonly associated with Cyperus grayioides - Aristida desman-
tha and Stylisma pickeringit var. pattersonii, are similarly disjunct to central
Illinois with few intervening locations. Depending on timing of rainfall, Cype-
rus grayioides can flower in Texas at least from May through November and
will often reflower after the first set of inflorescences have completely dehisced.
At sites with extensive soil disturbance, hybrids between C. grayioides and
species of section Umbellati are possible (Marcks 1972, Tucker 1987). At one
Newton Co site, we collected an extensive series of putative hybrids between
C. grayioides and C. retrofractus (Orzell & Bridges 8212B), a previously un-
reported hybridization. At another Newton Co roadside site, our C. grayioides
specimens appeared contaminated with C. globulosus, also present at the site.

This species was first described from dry sand prairies along the Illinois
and Mississippi Rivers in central and northwest Illinois (Mohlenbrock 1959).
Currently, it is known in Illinois from 13 sites in 5 counties, with a few ad-
ditional historical records (Bowles et al. 1986). In Illinois, it occupies the
tims of wind formed depressions in open sand of dry sand prairies on terraces
of outwash plains of coarse-textured glacial sands (Bowles et al. 1986). The
Illinois associates are mostly of genera common to the Texas sites, and Aris-
tida desmantha, Commelina erector, Crotonopsis linearis, Monarda punctata,
Paspalum setaceum and Stylisma pickeringii are associates in both states, a re-
markable floristic similarity for areas separated from 900 to 1500 km. Ina study
of Cyperus section Laziglumz, Marcks (1972) found specimens of C. grayioides
from Hardin Co, Texas and Bienville Par, Louisiana. The presence of Cyperus
graytoides in Texas was first brought to our attention by John Schwegman,
since this federal category 2 plant had been recommended for federal threat-
ened status based on its Illinois status (Bowles et al. 1986). Critical study of
material not seen by Marcks and of recent collections seems to indicate that
C. graytoides is an overlooked but fairly widespread xeric psammophyte in the
West Gulf Coastal Plain and that the Illinois stations represent isolated and
disjunct populations. In addition to the records reported here, the Louisiana
Natural Heritage Program records C. grayioides from Winn Par, Louisiana
(Nelwyn Gilmore, pers. comm.). The Correll collections cited were originally
identified as C. filiculmis, one Leon Co sheet had been annotated as C. grayi by

Bridges & Orzell: Noteworthy collections in Texas & Louisiana pa

T. Koyama in 1968 and both Leon Co sheets were annotated as C. grayioides
by R. Carter in 1987. We have found that in sandy longleaf pine savannahs
and sandhill woodlands in the longleaf pine region, Cyperus grayioides is gen-
erally less frequent than in the Post Oak Belt and is largely replaced by C.
filiculmis. In the sandhill woodlands of extreme northeastern Texas, Arkansas
and Oklahoma, C. lupulinus ssp. lupulinus occupies similar habitats. We were
unsuccessful in searching for C. grayzoides in the Cretaceous age sandhills of
southeastern Oklahoma or in the Eocene sandhills of southwestern Arkansas
and extreme northeastern Texas. With diligent collecting in xeric sandhill bar-
ren woodlands, uncommon in Louisiana but quite common in eastern Texas,
it is likely that many additional county records of C. grayioides will be found.

LACHNOCAULON DIGYNUM Korn (Eriocaulaceae). LA: Beauregard
Par: Low hillside seepage bog on N side of Memorial Church Rd, 2.2 mi E
of US 190-171 at a point 3.1 mi N of int LA 110 at Longville and 9.6 mi S
of LA 394 S of DeRidder, NWQ, NWQ, Sec 9, T5S, R8W, Redhead Branch
7.5’ Quad, 3038/58” N, 93°11'54” W, elev 100-110 ft, 22 May 1988, Orzell &
Bridges 6939 (TEX), 11 June 1988, Orzell, Bridges, & P. Sheridan 7251 (FSU,
MO, NCU, NLU, TEX), 27 July 1988, Orzell & Bridges 7496 (FLAS, GA, LSU,
MO, NLU, NY, SMU, TEX, VDB); Low hillside seepage bog in sandy longleaf
pine savannah on small tributary of Pullem Branch, ca 0.3 mi E of Pullem
Branch Rd at a point 1.8 mi SE of LA 389, 2.5 mi S of Merryville, NWQ, SEQ,
SWQ, Sec 18, T4S, R11W, Merryville South 7.5’ Quad, 30°42/38” N, 93°32'00"
W, elev 80-90 ft, 26 Jul 1988, Orzell & Bridges 7473 (GA, NLU, SMU, TEX);
Low hillside seepage bog on small tributary of Pullem Branch, ca 2.5 mi SE of
LA 389 at a point 2.5 mi S of Merryville, via Pullem Branch Rd and logging
roads, NWQ, NEQ, SEQ, NWQ, Sec 19, T4S, R11W, Merryville South 7.5’
Quad, 30°42'16" N, 93°31'52" W, elev 85-95 ft, 26 Jul 1988, Orzell & Bridges
7474 (NLU, TEX). Natchitoches Par: Low hillside seepage slope bordering
acid seep forest on E side of FS Rd 570, 0.9 mi N of LA 479, ca 2.5 mi NW of
Goldonna, 0.4 mi S of Ist bridge & 0.7 mi S of main bridge over Ragan Creek,
1.4 mi S of FS Rd 585, Kisatchie NF, EH, NWQ, NWQ, Sec 12, T12N, R6W,
Goldonna 7.5’ Quad, 32°02'37" N, 92°56'23” W, elev 170-200 ft, 12 Jun 1988,
Orzell, Bridges, & P. Sheridan 7269 (GA, NCU, NLU, TEX, VDB). Vernon
Par: NEQ, SEQ, Sec 12, T1S, R8W, Common in large open hillside seepage
bog just NW of int FS Rds 405-1, 405, 445 and 408, area known as “Cravens
Bog,” Sugartown NW 7.5’ Quad, 30°59'27” N, 93°08'10" W, Kisatchie NF,
29 May 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5324 (TEX), 14 Aug 1987, Orzell & Bridges
5741 (FLAS, FSU, MO, NCU, NLU, SMU, TEX, VDB); SEQ, NEQ, Sec 14,
T1S, R8W, Occasional in hillside seepage bog on S side FS Rd 405-1, 0.3 mi
E of int FS Rds 400 & 471, Sugartown NW 7.5’ Quad, 30°58'50” N, 93°09/05”
W, Kisatchie NF, 14 Aug 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5727 (NLU, SMU, TEX);
NWQ, SEQ, SEQ, Sec 21, TIN, R6W, Rare in small hillside seepage bog just
E of stream crossing, on N side FS Rd 405, 0.2 mi W int LA 399 in Ft Polk
Impact Area, Fullerton Lake 7.5’ Quad, 31°02'40” N, 92°59'05" W, 29 May

28 PH YTOLOGIA volume 66(1):12-69 April 1989

1987, Orzell & Bridges 5334 (TEX), 14 Aug 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5745 (NLU,
SMU, TEX); NEQ, NWQ, Sec 32, T2N, R1OW, Common in hillside seepage
bog on W facing ravine slope on N side LA 8, opposite int Vernon Par Rd #15,
1.85 mi W of int LA 464, Burr Ferry 7.5’ Quad, 31°06/47” N, 93°25'00” W, 30
May 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5341 (TEX), 13 Aug 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5723
(GA, NLU, NY, SMU, TEX, VDB). TX: Jasper Co: Rare in upper steep slope
hillside seepage bog with sandstone outcrops on tributary of Rock Creek, ca 4
mi E of Browndell (E on FM 1007 for 1.8 mi, then left fork 1.3 mi, right fork 0.2
mi, & left fork 0.4 mi), on property of Mr. Paul Grubbs, Little Rocky Nature
Preserve, Harrisburg 7.5’ Quad, 31°06'45” N, 93°55'48" W, elev 280-310 ft,
6 Aug 1986, Orzell & Bridges 4672 (NCU, SMU, TEX). Newton Co: Upper
slope hillside seepage bog on W to SW facing slope along Dry Hurricane Creek,
in area known as “Scrappin’ Valley,” Hurricane Creek 7.5’ Quad, 31°08'00” N,
93°48'43" W, 13 Aug 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5705 (SMU, TEX); Occasional in
lower slope hillside seepage bogs in grazed and periodically burned slash pine
plantation (ca 20 years old) on E side of East Prong McKim Creek and W of
gravel rd, from 1.5-1.7 mi N of county road int at BM 532, Harrisburg 7.5’
Quad, 31°06'24” N, 93°53'24” W, 6 Aug 1986, Orzell & Bridges 4682 (FSU,
GA, NY, TEX, VDB), 13 Aug 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5691 (MO, NCU, SMU,
TEX).

Our collections of Lachnocaulon digynum are primarily from hillside seep-
age bogs on the Catahoula Formation (Miocene) in Texas and escarpments of
the Willis and Bentley Formations (Pleistocene) at contacts with other for-
mations in Louisiana. Within these bogs it occurs in areas of low stature
fine textured vegetation with copious telluric seepage, usually dominated by
Rhynchospora oligantha Gray. Frequent associates include Coreopsis linifolia,
Drosera capillaris, Eriocaulon tezense, E. decangulare, Eryngium integrifolium,
Lycopodium carolinianum, Mitreola sessilifolia, Polygala ramosa, Rhezia lutea,
R. petiolata, Rhynchospora gracilenta, R. latifolia, Sarracenia alata, Scleria
reticularis, Sphagnum sp., Xyris ambigua, X. baldwiniana, X. difformis var.
curtisst1 and X. scabrifolia.

Lachnocaulon digynum was previously thought to be a narrow endemic of
the Coastal Pine Meadows and Longleaf Pine Belt sections of the central East
Gulf Coastal Plain, extending from near Apalachicola, Florida to Picayune,
Mississippi (Kral 1966a). Small (1933) attributed it only to Florida although
the type is from Alabama (Harper 1949-50, Kral 1966a) and Moldenke (1937)
reported it from Mississippi, Alabama and Florida. Moldenke (1980) records
this species from only nine counties, extending west to Harrison Co, Mississippi.
By early 1985 it was known from about 22 localities within this region and
was considered strongly fidel to herbaceous dominated hillside seepage bogs
(Bridges 1985). General habitat requirements of this species seem to be partial
or full sun, a seasonally or semipermanently seepage saturated substrate, little
shrub or tall herb competition and a substrate of sand, mucky sand, muck,
sandy peat, or Sphagnum sp. Under natural conditions, these habitats occur

Bridges & Orzell: Noteworthy collections in Texas & Louisiana 29

where continuous seepage emerges from adjacent sandy uplands and shrub
invasion is prevented by frequent fires (Bridges 1985).

We have collected Lachnocaulon digynum from eight sites in Louisiana and
three sites in two adjacent counties in Texas. In addition, since 1985 we have
added several counties and at least 20 additional sites for this species in Florida,
Alabama, and Mississippi. Rangewide, our collections have resulted in more
than doubling the known sites for this federal category 2 plant currently under
review for possible listing as endangered or threatened. We have searched
without success for Lachnocaulon digynum in at least 40 other hillside seepage
bogs in southeast Texas and several in Beauregard, Natchitoches and Vernon
parishes, Louisiana. The Texas and Louisiana locations are disjunct over 400
km from the nearest Mississippi records, and represent the first from the West
Gulf Coastal Plain. In addition, the Natchitoches Par site is the northernmost,
most inland (250 km from the coastline) and only site on Eocene (Cane River-
Sparta Formations contact) strata for Lachnocaulon digynum.

LIATRIS PUNCTATA Hook. (Asteraceae). LA: Calcasieu Par: Open, fre-
quently burned, clay soil savannah prairie on W side of LA 109, 3.6 mi S of
RR crossing at Starks, 0.3-0.5 mi N of Jim Johnson Cut-off Rd, NWQ, SEQ,
Sec 24, T9S, R13W, Starks 7.5’ Quad, 30°15'32” N, 93°38'45” W, elev 25 ft,
Geology - Prairie Terraces (Quaternary), 24 Sep 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8551
(DUKE, F, GA, GH, LSU, MO, NCU, NLU, NY, SMU, TEX, US).

The habitat of our collection seems to be transitional between the clay-
based wetland longleaf pine savannahs and the eastern coastal prairies which
both occupy the Prairie Terrace of southwestern Louisiana. Closely associ-
ated species include Bigelowia nuttallii, Echinacea sanguinea, Euthamza lep-
tocephala, Hedyotis nigricans, Liatris acidota, Manfreda virginica, Mecardonia
acuminata, Neptunia lutea, Rhynchospora elliotti, R. globularis, Schizachyrium
scoparium and Tridens strictus. Our specimens have the elongated, contorted
rootstocks of L. punctata, but have a pappus only 8-9 mm long, which is inter-
mediate between the lengths given for L. punctata and L. mucronata in Correll
& Johnston (1970).

Correll & Johnston (1970) give the range of L. punctata in Texas as includ-
ing only about the western quarter of the state, extending east to the western
Edwards Plateau. Cronquist (1980) reports L. punctata as ranging south to
northwestern Arkansas and Texas. In examining specimens at TEX, we found
sheets annotated as L. punctata by D. Levin from as far east as Tyler and
Jefferson counties, Texas. Specimens from Jefferson and Galveston counties
were also from coastal prairies. Apparently, there is greater intergradation of
the ranges of L. mucronata, L. punctata and L. bracteata in Texas than has
been previously reported. At TEX, some specimens labeled L. bracteata in-
clude stems with the characters of L. punctata and several Liatris specimens
have head and pappus lengths intermediate between L. punctata and L. mu-
cronata. Correll & Johnston (1970) and Cronquist (1980) both question the
distinctiveness of L. punctata and L. mucronata and this record, apparently

30 PHY TOLOGIA volume 66(1):12-69 April 1989

the first authentic report of either species in Louisiana, adds to the evidence
for those questions.

LUDWIGIA MICROCARPA Michx. (Onagraceae). LA: Calcasieu Par:
NWQ, NWQ, Sec 31, T8S, R&W, roadsides through wetland longleaf pine
savannah on E side of N Perkins Ferry Rd, 1.8-2.0 mi N of jct LA 378, just S
of power line, Moss Bluff 7.5’ Quad, 30°19’42” N, 93°13'49" W, 17 Aug 1987,
Orzell & Bridges 5760 (LSU, NLU, TEX), 25 Jul 1988, Orzell & Bridges 7396
(MO, NCU, SMU, TEX); Roadside adjacent to intermediate depth flatwoods
pond on S side of Dunn Ferry Rd, ca 0.6 mi W of Sutherland Rd and 1.1 mi E of
West Fork Calcasieu River, ca 9 mi N of Westlake and 6 mi NW of Moss Bluff,
NEQ, NEQ, Sec 27, T8S, ROW, Buhler 7.5’ Quad, 30°20'34” N, 93°16'02” W,
elev 25 ft, 25 Jul 1988, Orzell & Bridges 7424 (SMU, TEX). TX: Hardin Co:
Roadside ditch through former wetland pine savannah on E side of US 69-287,
ca 1.0 mi N of Kountze, just S of int with Allen St and TX Highway Dept
Bldg, Kountze North 7.5’ Quad, 30°23'37" N, 94°19/55" W, elev 95 ft, 18 Aug
1987, Orzell, Bridges, & G. Watson 5766 (SMU, TEX); Border of large open
flatwoods pond on NW side of logging road, ca 0.5 mi S of Beaumont Creek,
at BM 88 on topo, 3.2 mi N by logging roads from int with FM 418 E of Pea
Monk Branch, Kountze North 7.5’ Quad, 30°25/30"” N, 94°18'45” W, 18 Aug
1987, Orzell, Bridges, & G. Watson 5776 (MO, NLU, SMU, TEX).

Our collections of this species are all from roadsides within formerly exten-
sive wetland pine savannahs on the Montgomery and Beaumont Formations
(Pleistocene). Associated species include Rhynchospora colorata, R. divergens,
R. perpleza, Scleria verticillata, S. georgiana, Fuirena breviseta, Centella asiat-
ica, Pluchea rosea, Polypremum procumbens, Mecardonia acuminata, Mitreola
petiolata, M. sessilifolia and Helianthus angustifolius.

Ludwigia microcarpa ranges primarily in the southeastern United States,
north to North Carolina, Tennessee and Missouri and south to Florida, the
Bahamas, Cuba and Jamaica. Peng (1982) includes only Calcasieu Par for
this species in Louisiana and does not cite any Texas specimens. These are
apparently the only West Gulf Coastal Plain locations and are disjunct 400 km
from the nearest records in Mississippi and eastward (Orzell & Bridges 1987).
Ludwigia microcarpa seems to be a rare species in North Carolina, Tennessee,
Missouri and Arkansas, as well as in Louisiana and Texas.

PALAFOXIA TEXANA DC. var. AMBIGUA (Shinners) B.L. Turner &
M. I. Morris. (Asteraceae). LA: Allen Par: SEQ, NEQ, Sec 25, T6S, R6W
and SWQ, NWQ, Sec 30, T6S, R5W, Dry, cut over sandhill woodland along
railroad S of US Hwy 190 and dirt road N of US Hwy 190, 1.3 mi E of Le Blanc
and just W of bottomland of Calcasieu River, Le Blanc 7.5’ Quad, 30°30'05”
N, 92°56/07" W, 15 Aug 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5758 (NLU, TEX). Additional
collections: LA: Allen Par: 7.2 mi W of Kinder, Road fill, sandy clay, 8 Sep
1955, L.H. Shinners 21531 (SMU).

The sand ridges on the west side of the Calcasieu River and Whiskey Chitto
Creek have the most concentrated flora of xeric psammophytes in southwest-

Bridges & Orzell: Noteworthy collections in Texas & Louisiana 31

ern Louisiana. Other rare species known from this area and few or no other
sites in southwest Louisiana include Tetragonotheca ludoviciana, Paronychia
drummondu, Tradescantia reverchonwu and Silene subciliata (Bridges 1988).
Palafozia terana is a species of the Rio Grande Plains of southern Texas and
adjacent Mexico and var. ambigua was known to occur from Tamaulipas north
only to Jackson Co, Texas (Turner & Morris 1976). We have also seen speci-
mens from Harris Co, Texas. Our Louisiana specimens are much more robust
than previously reported for this taxon, ranging from 125 to 170 cm tall, com-
pared to the published height range of 20 to 80 cm. By height, they would fall
within var. robusta of northeast Mexico, but better fit var. ambigua in other
characters. The extreme size of the Louisiana specimens is likely due to the
much greater rainfall than elsewhere in the range. Upon verification of our
determination, Dr. B.L. Turner indicated that var. ambigua is weedy on sandy
soils in south coastal Texas and suggested that our Louisiana collection might
represent a railroad adventive. While we cannot rule out that possibility, it
is noteworthy that Lloyd Shinners first collected this species near this locality
over 30 years ago and the site supports other psammophytes at their east-
ernmost disjunct location. The Shinners specimen had been determined and
filed as P. rosea until our annotation. This is the second possibly adventive
species of Palafozia in Louisiana, since Palafozia callosa is known in Louisiana
from only a single collection in 1911 from “prairies near railroad” in Acadia
Par, where it may have been a non persistent waif (Darwin et al. 1981). It is
interesting that the three species of Palafozia inhabiting dry, sandy habitats
in adjacent southeast Texas (P. hookeriana, P. reverchonii and P. rosea) have
not been found in Louisiana.

PLATANTHERA INTEGRA (Nutt.) Gray (Orchidaceae). LA: Beauregard
Par: Open burned lower slope seepage bog in longleaf pine savannah on E side
US 190 & 171, 4.0 mi S of int LA 394, 0.7 mi S of int Lumas Rd, ca 9 mi S of
DeRidder, EH, SEQ, Sec 12, T4S, R9W, Redhead Branch 7.5’ Quad, 30°43'43”
N, 93°14'09" W, elev 145-155 ft, 15 Aug 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5750 (NLU,
TEX). TX: Angelina Co: Mid-slope hillside seepage herb bog, SW of FS Rd 313
& 313A, N of Boykin Spring Lake and Recreation Area, Angelina NF, Boykin
Spring 7.5’ Quad, 31°04'12" N, 94°16'40” W, elev 270 ft, 26 Aug 1988, Orzell
& Bridges 8292 (SMU, TEX). Jasper Co: Upper slope hillside seepage bog,
ca 1.4 mi W on FS Rd 313A from FS Rd 313, ESE of FS Rd 313A, on slopes
above unnamed tributary draining S to Boykin Spring Lake, ca 9.7 air mi SE
of Zavalla, Angelina NF, Boykin Spring 7.5’ Quad, 31°04'09” N, 94°16/49” W,
elev 230-250 ft, 26 Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8289 (SMU, TEX). Additional
collections seen: Hardin Co: 30 Aug 1950, Mrs. J.L. Hooks 50-98 (TEX).

All of our sites for Platanthera integra are hillside seepage bogs which had
been burned earlier in the year of our collections. Associated species at the
Louisiana site on the Bentley Formation are Ctenium aromaticum, Liatris aci-
dota, Rhezia alifanus, Sarracenia alata, Schizachyrium scoparium and Scle-
ria reticularis. Associates at the Texas sites on the Catahoula Formation in-

32 PH YTOLOGIA volume 66(1):12-69 April 1989

cluded Burmannia capitata, Coreopsis linifolia, Drosera capillaris, Eriocaulon
tezense, Eryngium integrifolium, Eupatorium rotundifolium, Futrena squar-
rosa, Liatris pycnostachya, Marshallia tenuifolia, Mitreola sessilifolia, Myrica
heterophylla, Polygala ramosa, Ptilimnium costatum, Rhezia petiolata, Rhyn-
chospora chalarocephala, R. oligantha, Rudbeckia scabrifolia, Sarracenia alata,
Scleria reticularis, Xyris baldwiniana, Xyris drummondiu and Xyris difformis
var. curtissit.

Platanthera integra had long been known from Texas solely on the basis of a
specimen (T. Drummond 406) collected in the last century (Correll 1944, 1950;
Correll & Correll 1975; Correll & Johnston 1970). Holmes (1983) excluded P.
integra from the Texas flora, having re-examined Drummond 406 and found it
to be Platanthera nivea. While annotating Platanthera at TEX, we noticed an
unusual specimen filed under P. nivea. Mrs. Hooks had originally identified
this plant as Habenaria integra and in pencil above the label was the notation
“H. nivea.” We examined this collection and determined it as P. integra,
particularly on the basis of lip shape and position and spur length. In addition,
misidentification in the field of P. nivea as P. integra would be highly unlikely
due to the difference in flower color and distinct separation in flowering dates.
Mrs. Hooks’ Aug. 30 collection date is well past the flowering time of P. nivea
(May-June) in Texas and well within the July-September flowering time of P.
integra throughout its range. All of our collections were in bud to full flower,
hence consistent in phenology with this specimen.

Prior to our collections, P. integra was considered to be possibly extirpated
from Texas. Our Louisiana site may be the same as that of D.S. & H.B.
Correll 9663 (Correll & Correll 1941). The fire dependent nature of P. integra
(Kral 1983) was clearly indicated by the fact that we had visited one of the
Texas sites repeatedly during the summers of 1986 and 1987 without seeing
this species. Our field observations in Georgia, Florida and Mississippi have
consistently shown P. integra to be most conspicuous in wetland savannahs
and bogs which were burned during the previous winter.

POLYGALA CRENATA James (Polygalaceae). LA: Allen Par: Wetland
longleaf pine savannah, recently burned, on S side US 190 and railroad, 0.2 mi
W of int Allen Par Rd #109, 3.4 mi W of Le Blanc and 2.8 mi E of Reeves,
NWQ, SEQ, Sec 20, T6S, R6W, Reeves 7.5’ Quad, 30°31'00” N, 93°00'10”" W,
elev 40 ft, Geology - Prairie Terraces (Quaternary), Soils - Guyton (Typic Glos-
saqualfs), 15 May 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5261 (NLU, TEX). Evangeline Par:
Wetland longleaf pine savannah along timber rd from 0.5-0.8 mi W of county
td, 3.7 mi S of LA 10 at a point 0.6 mi S of Beaver, 3.0 mi N of Evangeline Par
Rd # 3-119, on slopes E of Caney Creek, NH, NEQ, Sec 9, T4S, R2W, Bond
7.5’ Quad, 30°43/33” N, 92°34'28” W, elev 90-100 ft, Geology - Loess-covered
Intermediate Terraces (Quaternary). Soils - Glenmora (Glossaquic Paleudalfs),
8 Apr 1988, Orzell & Bridges 6163 (NLU, TEX). Additional collections: TX:
Orange Co: Along marshy swale bordering pine forest, Hwy 87 one mile South
of Hartburg (about 13 mi N of Orange), flowers rose-violet, 11 Apr 1957, F. W.

Bridges & Orzell: Noteworthy collections in Texas & Louisiana 33

Gould 7452 (SMU).

Although listed for Louisiana by Thomas & Allen (1982), this species was
synonymized under P. polygama by MacRoberts (1984). It is maintained as
a distinct species in Kartesz & Kartesz (1980) and Clewell (1985) and seems
to be the wetland longleaf pine savannah vicariant of the closely related P.
polygama. James (1957) noted this habitat separation and gave the range of
Polygala crenata as from the Florida panhandle west to southeast Louisiana.
Our specimens are lax, decumbent plants with broad obovate leaves, a habit
quite different from P. polygama of drier habitats in our region. Although we
have very rarely seen this species, our specimens seem identical to our collection
from Franklin Co, Florida (Orzell & Bridges 5203) and maintain the distinctive
capsule and seed characters of P. crenata. Further collecting is needed in order
to definitively prove the distinctiveness of P. crenata throughout its range. The
Gould specimen was determined and filed as P. polygama until our annotation.
These are likely the first reports of this species from the West Gulf Coastal
Plain and from Texas.

PSILOCARYA SCIRPOIDES Torr. (Cyperaceae). TX: Henderson Co:
Stream valley seepage, mucky peat bog on small stream near SW corner of
Koon Creek Club, above 2 small lakes and below one lake, ca 1.1 mi N of
Anderson Co line, 0.7 mi S of Wilson Lake, Cross Roads 7.5’ Quad, 32°02/35”
N, 95°52'32” W, elev 340-350 ft, Geology - Queen City Sand (Eocene), 16 Aug
1988, Orzell & Bridges 7991 (GA, MO, NCU, NLU, SMU, TEX, VDB). Jasper
Co: Along shore of upper reaches of Boykin Spring Lake, at end of FS Rd 313,
ca 10 mi SE of Zavalla, Boykin Spring Recreation Area, Angelina NF, Boykin
Spring 7.5’ Quad, elev 150 ft, Geology - Catahoula Formation (Miocene), 20
Sep 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8364 (SMU, TEX). Newton Co: Wet swale in sandy
longleaf pine savannah ca 2.0 mi N of FR 363, ca 6.5 mi NE of Bleakwood,
on E side of Big Cow Creek, ca 0.6 mi N of Sand Ridge Cem, Newton West
7.5’ Quad, 30°45'04” N, 93°45'56” W, elev 125 ft, Geology - Montgomery For-
mation (Pleistocene), 23 Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8217 (GA, NCU, SMU,
TEX). Additional collections seen: Houston Co: 2 mi S of Grapeland - The
Skidmore Place - old lakes, in clump, in mud at edge of water, 2 Oct 1965,
Correll & Correll 31810 (LL). Leon Co: (Madison Co on label) On vegetation
mats in Normangee Club Lake, about 8 mi W of Normangee, Rte #3, 11 Sep
1968, D.S. Correll 36418 (LL).

The Texas specimens of Psilocarya scirpoides are from two quite different
types of habitats. Our Henderson Co collection (and presumably the Hous-
ton and Leon county specimens) are from the edges of lakes built in valleys
formerly supporting deep muck seepage bogs. Associates at the Henderson
Co site include Eleocharis tortilis, Eriocaulon decangulare, Fuirena squarrosa,
Hypericum mutilum, H. virginicum, Rhynchospora capitellata, R. corniculata,
Scleria reticularis, Utricularia gibba, U. juncea and Xyris jupicat. The Jasper
and Newton county sites are from disturbed wet areas in longleaf pine savan-
nahs, with Eleocharis microcarpa, Fimbristylis autumnalis, F. vahli, Fuirena

34 PHY TOLOGIA volume 66(1):12-69 April 1989

breviseta, F. squarrosa, Polygala nana, Rhynchospora chalarocephala, R. fasci-
cularis, R. filifolia, R. pusilla, Scleria reticularis, Utricularia juncea and Viola
lanceolata associated at one or both sites.

The center of distribution for Psilocarya scirpoides appears to be on the At-
lantic Coastal Plain from Massachusetts to South Carolina, with a few records
from Georgia and Florida and disjunct populations in Michigan, Indiana and
Wisconsin. It was reported for Washington Par, Louisiana by Allen & Vincent
(1982) and for Winn Par by Kessler (1983), but we have not seen these speci-
mens. Kral (1981) reported P. scirpoides as new to Alabama from a bog in the
Cretaceous sandhills in the center of the state. Most specimens we have seen
are from sandy or peaty marshes or margins of lakes. The only states where
Psilocarya scirpoides occurs but is not state-listed as a rare plant are North
Carolina (4 counties), South Carolina (3), Georgia (4) and Florida (2). Sur-
prisingly, the state having the most county records of this species is Michigan
(9), with Texas now having the second highest number. The Correll specimens
were determined as Psilocarya nitens until our annotation. There is some sim-
larity to the range of P. scirpoides and that of Cladtum mariscoides and they
occur in close proximity at the Henderson Co site.

RHYNCHOSPORA CEPHALANTHA Gray (Cyperaceae). LA: Allen Par:
Large open flatwoods pond in longleaf pine savannah on W side Allen Par Rd
#121, ca 1.6 mi N of US 190 at Le Blanc, SEQ, NEQ, Sec 14, T6S, R6W, Le
Blanc 7.5’ Quad, 30°32'02" N, 92°56'49” W, elev 45-50 ft, 22 Sep 1987, Orzell
& Bridges 5786 (NLU, TEX); Deep flatwoods pond/marsh along county road
E of Barnes Creek, ca 5 mi S and 2 mi E of Bel, ca 5 mi S of Reeves, SWQ,
SWQ, Sec 11, T7S, R7W, Topsy 7.5’ Quad, 30°27'11” N, 93°03'47" W, elev
25 ft, 28 Jul 1988, Orzell & Bridges 7566 (MO, NCU, NLU, NY, SMU, TEX).
Beauregard Par: Intermediate depth flatwoods pond on S side of Young’s Rd,
0.2 mi W of county rd at a point 1.8 mi S of road along railroad, ca 6.8 mi
SW of DeRidder and 1.1 mi SW of Shear, E of Beckwith Creek, NEQ, NWQ,
Sec 27, T3S, R10W, Neale 7.5’ Quad, 30°46'46" N, 93°22'50” W, elev 185
ft, 26 Jul 1988, Orzell & Bridges 7450 (MO, NCU, NLU, NY, SMU, TEX).
Calcasieu Par: SWQ, Sec 35, T8S, R9W, Deep open flatwoods ponds on S side
of Cypress Lake Dr, from 0.1-0.4 mi W of Sutherland Rd, ca 1 mi N of end of
LA Spur 378, Buhler 7.5’ Quad, 30°19'13” N, 93°15'45” W, 25 Jul 1988, Orzell
& Bridges 7404 (GA, NCU, NLU, SMU, TEX); Flatwoods pond in wetland
longleaf pine savannah S of Jug Says Rd, 0.7 mi W of Sutherland Rd, ca 1.8 mi
N of end of LA Spur 378 at Sam Houston State Park, ca 8 mi N of Westlake
and 5 mi W of Moss Bluff, SWQ, NEQ, NEQ, Sec 34, T8S, R9W, Buhler 7.5’
Quad, 30°19/35" N, 93°16/09” W, elev 20-25 ft, 25 Jul 1988, Orzell & Bridges
7416 (DUKE, FSU, NLU, SMU, TEX); Intermediate depth flatwoods pond
on S side of Dunn Ferry Rd, ca 0.6 mi W of Sutherland Rd and 1.1 mi E of
West Fork Calcasieu River, ca 9 mi N of Westlake and 6 mi NW of Moss Bluff,
NEQ, NEQ, Sec 27, T8S, ROW, Buhler 7.5’ Quad, 30°20'34” N, 93°16'02”
W, elev 25 ft, 25 Jul 1988, Orzell & Bridges 7422 (MO, NLU, SMU, TEX).

Bridges & Orzell: Noteworthy collections in Texas & Louisiana 35

TX: Hardin Co: Common in low wet pipeline right-of-way through Cyrilla
racemiflora dominated baygall, ca 1.8 mi SW of jct FM 418 & FM 1122, ca
1.0 air mi S of FM 418 at a point 4.5 mi E of Kountze, ca 0.1 mi N of AT &
SF railroad, Roy E. Larsen Sandylands Sanctuary, Deserter Baygall 7.5’ Quad,
30°22'52" N, 94°14'52" W, elev 45 ft, 19 Sep 1986, Orzell, Bridges, & G.
Watson 4761 (MO, NCU, SMU, TEX); Large graminoid dominated flatwoods
pond on NW side of logging rd at BM 88 on topo, ca 0.5 mi S of Beaumont
Creek, 3.2 mi N of FM 418, Kountze North 7.5’ Quad, 30°25'30" N, 94°18'45”
W, 18 Aug 1987, Orzell, Bridges, & G. Watson 5777(GA, NCU, NLU, SMU,
TAMU, TEX); Blackwater sloughs in xeric bluejack oak sandhills, ca 0.5 mi N
of Village Creek and 1 mi NE of FR 420, near McNeely Lake, Kountze North
7.5’ Quad, 30°28'12" N, 94°18'55” W, 18 Aug 1987, Orzell, Bridges, & G.
Watson 5773 (MO, SMU, TEX); Deep, peat-based pond on riverine sand ridge
on N side of railroad, ca 0.5 mi E of Village Creek and 0.8 miS of FM 418, ca 4
mi E of Kountze, Alligator Grass Lake, Roy E. Larsen Sandylands Sanctuary,
Kountze North 7.5’ Quad, 30°23/02" N, 94°15'20” W, elev 48 ft, 23 Aug 1988,
Orzell & Bridges 8198 (FSU, SMU, TEX). Jasper Co: Large open graminoid
dominated flatwoods pond north of dirt road, 2.4 mi E of LeVerte, 2.9 mi E
of US 96, at a point 7.0 mi N of int TX 62 at Buna, Call Junction 7.5’ Quad,
30°32'00" N, 94°54'00" W, 15 Oct 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5924 (TEX), 23 Aug
1988, Orzell & Bridges 8172 (GA, MO, NCU, NY, SMU, TEX). Newton Co:
Intermediate to deep open flatwoods ponds in pine plantations, N of TX 253
on gravel rd 2.6 mi W of jet TX 87, Sudduth Bluff 7.5’ Quad, 30°25'50” N,
93°50'40" W, elev 47 ft, 26 Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8576 (GA, NCU, SMU,
TEX), Orzell & Bridges 8577 (FSU, MO, NY, TEX). Additional collections
seen: Hardin Co: 3.5 mi N of Camp Jackson, 12 Sep 1936, H.B. Parks &
V.L. Cory 19550, 19551 (det: H. O’Neill, 1942) (TAES); Frequent in shallow
water of roadside ditch 2.5 mi NW of Saratoga, 13 Nov 1945, V.L. Cory 50788
(SMU).

Rhynchospora cephalantha is a fidel and conspicuous member of the flora
of the flatwoods ponds on the Beaumont, Montgomery and Bentley Forma-
tions (Quaternary) of the longleaf pine region of the West Gulf Coastal Plain.
These physiognomically distinct, open, seasonally inundated depressions usu-
ally occur as inclusions within wetland longleaf pine savannahs. The soils of
these sites are mapped as Typic Glossaqualfs and Typic Fragiaqualfs. Fre-
quently associated species include Aristida affinis, Bacopa caroliniana, Ca-
calia lanceolata, Carez verrucosa, C. glaucescens, Centella asiatica, Coreop-
sis linifolia, Eleocharis equisetoides, E. tuberculosa, Eriocaulon compressum,
E. decangulare, Fuirena breviseta, Gratiola brevifolia, Hydrolea ovata, Hy-
pericum galioides, Ludwigia sphaerocarpa, Lycopus rubellus, Myrica cerifera,
Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora, Ozypolis filiformis, Panicum hemitomon, Platan-
thera nivea, Pluchea rosea, Proserpinaca pectinata, Rhezia lutea, R. mariana,
Rhynchospora corniculata, R. elliottii, R. filifolia, R. gracilenta, R. latifolia,
R. perpleza, Scleria baldwinit, Sphagnum macrophyllum, Xyris fimbriata and

36 PHY TOLOGIA volume 66(1):12-69 April 1989

X. iridifolia. Many of these species are restricted to, co-dominants of and/or
modal in flatwoods ponds within the West Gulf Coastal Plain.

Rhynchospora cephalantha is not only somewhat difficult to determine in
the field, but verification using some keys to the genus tends to confuse de-
termination of this species. The problem lies in the placement of the key
couplet for globose vs. turbinate spikelet clusters above that for 1-fruited vs.
2-3-fruited spikelets. Robust specimens of R. glomerata, particularly in the
southern part of its range, can have the globose spikelet clusters characteristic
of R. cephalantha and R. microcephala. Therefore, these robust R. glomer-
ata resemble R. cephalantha in the field and key to this species in Godfrey
& Wooten (1979) and Clewell (1985). However, the spikelets of R. glomerata
are always 2-3 fruited, or at least have a second empty inrolled scale on the
abaxial side of the achene when only one achene in the spikelet has matured,
whereas R. cephalantha and R. microcephala have 1-fruited spikelets, with no
trace of empty scales. We find that this species does key easily in other works
(Gale 1944, Fernald 1950, Radford, Ahles, & Bell 1968). We have collected and
examined many herbarium sheets with these globose spikelet clusters and 2-3
fruited spikelets, initially identified as R. cephalantha, which we had to place
in R. glomerata. In examining Rhynchospora in Texas herbaria we uncovered
three additional sheets of this species, the two at TAES having been correctly
identified by Hugh O’Neill but apparently overlooked by other workers. The
sheet at SMU had been identified as R. glomerata until our annotation. Rhyn-
chospora cephalantha has also been reported from Allen Par, Louisiana (Allen
1984), however, it is not represented at LAF, LSU, or NLU from other than
St. Tammany, Tangipahoa and Washington parishes in Louisiana and speci-
mens from Allen Par at these herbaria originally determined as R. cephalantha
were all immature R. glomerata. Other than the Parks & Cory specimens,
our records appear to be the only authentic collections of this species from the
West Gulf Coastal Plain.

RHYNCHOSPORA CHALAROCEPHALA Fernald & Gale (Cyperaceae).
LA: Beauregard Par: Hillside seepage bog on W side of gravel road, just S of
stream crossing, 2.2 mi S of LA 110 at a point 1.0 mi E of LA 27 at Singer,
SWQ, NEQ, Sec 17, T5S, R1OW, Singer 7.5’ Quad, 30°37'42” N, 93°24'24" W,
elev 120-140 ft, 26 Jul 1988, Orzell & Bridges 7443 (MO, NLU, NY, TEX);
Low hillside seepage bog in sandy longleaf pine savannah on small tributary of
Pullem Branch, ca 0.3 mi E of Pullem Branch Rd at a point 1.8 mi SE of LA
389, 2.5 mi S of Merryville, NWQ, SEQ, SWQ, Sec 18, T4S, R11W, Merryville
South 7.5’ Quad, 30°42'38” N, 93°32'00” W, elev 80-90 ft, 26 Jul 1988, Orzell
& Bridges 7468 (GA, NCU, NLU, SMU, TEX); High hillside seepage bog on
S facing slope below timber road, ca 3 mi E and 1.2 mi N of Merryville, 0.3 mi
N of railroad and S of Bridge Creek, center of NH, SWQ, Sec 28, T3S, R11W,
Merryville North 7.5’ Quad, 30°46'17” N, 93°30'01" W, elev 130-140 ft, 26 Jul
1988, Orzell & Bridges 7483 (DUKE, FSU, GA, GH, NCU, NLU, NY, SMU,
TEX, VDB). TX: Anderson Co: Lower slope seepage peat bog ca 1.0 mi due

Bridges & Orzell: Noteworthy collections in Texas & Louisiana 37

S of FM 2961 and 0.5 mi E of main road through Engeling WMA, Cayuga
7.5’ Quad, 31°58'36”" N, 95°52'46” W, elev 270-290 ft, 15 Aug 1988, Orzell &
Bridges 7972 (DUKE, FSU, GA, GH, NCU, NY, SMU, TEX, VDB). Angelina
Co: Upper slope seepage area SE of FS Rd 313A, 1.2 mi W of jet FS Rd 313,
on upper slopes of tributary draining S to Boykin Spring Recreation Area, ca
9.7 air miles SE of Zavalla, Angelina NF, Boykin Spring 7.5’ Quad, 31°04'16”
N, 94°16'46” W, elev 250-270 ft, 26 Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8291 (SMU,
TEX); Mid-slope hillside seepage herb bog, SW of FS Rds 313 & 313A, N of
Boykin Spring Lake and Recreation Area, Angelina NF, Boykin Spring 7.5’
Quad, 31°04'12” N, 94°16'40” W, elev 270 ft, 26 Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges
8293 (NCU, SMU, TEX); Lower slope seepage area ca 0.3 mi W on FS Rd
313A from FS Rd 313, above headwaters of unnamed tributary draining S to
Boykin Spring Lake, ca 9.7 air miles SE of Zavalla, Angelina NF, Boykin Spring
7.5’ Quad, 31°04'41" N, 94°16'24" W, elev 310-320 ft, 26 Aug 1988, Orzell &
Bridges 8300 (SMU, TEX); Mid-slope hillside seepage bog ca 0.8 mi W on
FS Rd 313A from FS Rd 313, vicinity of headwaters of unnamed tributary to
Boykin Spring Lake, ca 9.7 air miles SE of Zavalla, Angelina NF, Boykin Spring
7.5’ Quad, 31°04'37” N, 94°16'40” W, elev 290-320 ft, 26 Aug 1988, Orzell &
Bridges 8307 (TEX); Upper slope hillside seepage bog ca 1.6 mi S of FS Rd
313 & TX 63, near FS Rd 313 & FS Rd 327, then 0.3 air mi W, on W side of
tributary draining S to Boykin Spring Lk, 9.7 air mi SE of Zavalla, Angelina
NF, Boykin Spring 7.5’ Quad, 31°04'23” N, 94°16'23” W, elev 250-270 ft, 26
Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8314 (TEX); Upper slope hillside seepage bog,
ca 1.9 mi S on FS Rd 313 from TX 63, then 0.2 air mi W to W facing slope
above tributary draining S to Boykin Spring Lake, ca 9.7 air mi SE of Zavalla,
Angelina NF, Boykin Spring 7.5’ Quad, 31°04'17" N, 94°16'24" W, elev 250-260
ft, 26 Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8321 (GA,SMU, TEX); Upper slope hillside
seepage bog, 0.4 air miles W of FS Rd 302A at a point ca 1.3 mi S of FS Rd 302,
ca 0.6 air mi N of Jasper Co line, on slope N of tributary to Big Ck, ca 10 mi
SE of Zavalla, Angelina NF, Boykin Spring 7.5’ Quad, 31°04'20" N, 94°17'45”
W, elev 210-240 ft, 26 Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8330 (FSU, MO, NY, SMU,
TEX); Upper slope hillside seepage bog, ca 1.2 mi S on FS Rd 302A from jct
with FS Rd 302, then ca 0.4 air mi W, on SW facing slope of tributary to
Big Creek, ca 9.5 air mi SE of Zavalla, Angelina NF, Boykin Spring 7.5’ Quad,
31°04'32" N, 94°17'45” W, elev 200-220 ft, 20 Sep 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8348
(SMU, TEX); Mid-slope hillside seepage bog, ca 1.1 mi S on FS Rd 302A from
FS Rd 302, then 0.3 air mi W, on SW facing slope of tributary to Big Creek, ca
9.5 air mi SE of Zavalla, Angelina NF, Boykin Spring 7.5’ Quad, 31°04'37" N,
94°17'44" W, elev 220-250 ft, 20 Sep 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8335 (SMU, TEX);
Upper slope hillside seepage bog, W of FS Rd 302A, ca 1.5 mi S of FS Rd 302,
ca 9.5 air mi SE of Zavalla, Angelina NF, Boykin Spring 7.5’ Quad, 31°04'12”
N, 94°17'30" W, elev 210-220 ft, 20 Sep 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8354 (TEX).
Henderson Co: Stream valley seepage, mucky peat bog on small stream near
SW corner of Koon Creek Club, above 2 small lakes and below one lake, ca 1.1

38 PHY TOLOGIA volume 66(1):12-69 April 1989

mi N of Anderson Co line, 0.7 mi S of Wilson Lake, Cross Roads 7.5’ Quad,
32°02'35" N, 95°52'32" W, elev 340-350 ft, 16 Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8011
(GA, GH, NCU, NLU, NY, SMU, TEX); Stream valley mucky peat seepage
herb-shrub bog ca 0.5 mi W of Black Lake and 0.9 mi W of Coon Creek Lake,
1.5 mi WSW of headquarters of Koon Kreek Klub, ca 4 mi W of TX 19, 8
mi S of Athens, Coon Creek Lake 7.5’ Quad, 32°04'25” N, 95°51'51” W, elev
355-360 ft, 16 Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges 7983 (SMU, TEX). Jasper Co: Mid-
slope hillside seepage bog on S side of eroded FS Rd 3078, just E of Millstead
Branch, Boykin Spring 7.5’ Quad, 31°03'23” N, 94°17'45" W, Angelina NF, 16
Oct 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5931 (MO, NCU, NLU, NY, SMU, TEX); Upper
slope hillside seepage bog, ESE of FS Rd 313A, ca 1.4 mi W of FS Rd 313,
on slopes above unnamed tributary draining S to Boykin Spring Lake, ca 9.7
air mi SE of Zavalla, Angelina NF, Boykin Spring 7.5’ Quad, 31°04'09” N,
94°16'49" W, elev 230-250 ft, 26 Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8288 (DUKE,
FSU, GA, MO, NCU, SMU, TEX, VDB); Small seepage slopes, artificially
opened, along power line right-of-way near headwaters of tributary of Hog
Creek, ca 5 mi S of R255 at Rayburn Country via poor logging roads, McGee
Bend 7.5’ Quad, 31°00'31” N, 94°03'14” W, elev 290-320 ft, 22 Aug 1988,
Orzell & Bridges 8157 (NY, SMU, TEX); Small roadside seepage bog on W
side of US 96, 1.2 mi S of R255, Harrisburg 7.5’ Quad, 31°02'15” N, 93°58/47”
W, elev 370 ft, 23 Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8164 (NCU, SMU, TEX); Open
hillside seepage bog on N side of FS Rd 314, 3.9 mi E of US 69, 0.2 mi W of int
FS Rd 330, Boykin Spring 7.5’ Quad, 31°02'48” N, 94°20/31” W, elev 150-180
ft, 20 Sep 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8375 (SMU, TEX). Leon Co: Stream valley
shrub-herb deep peat bog at gravel road crossing of Needham Marsh Branch,
3.4 mi N of US 79 at Jewett via Division St, Donie 7.5’ Quad, 31°24'05”" N,
96°10'36” W, elev 400-430 ft, 11 Jul 1988, Orzell 7334 (SMU, TEX). Newton
Co: Small seepage area in sandy longleaf pine savannah ca 2.0 mi N of FR
363, ca 6.5 mi NE of Bleakwood, on E side of Big Cow Creek N of Sand Ridge
Cem, Bleakwood 7.5’ Quad, 30°44'15” N, 93°45’50” W, elev 125-136 ft, 23
Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8219 (NCU, SMU, TEX); Hillside seepage bog,
mostly shrub invaded, ca 0.4 mi SE of TX 87 at a point 0.3 mi S of Sabine Co
line, on N side of tributary N of Mill Creek and just E of pipeline right-of-way,
Fairmount 7.5’ Quad, 31°09'26” N, 93°43'45” W, elev 370-380 ft, 25 Aug 1988,
Orzell & Bridges 8243 (GA, SMU, TEX); Hillside seepage bog, almost entirely
shrub invaded, ca 2.5 mi E of TX 87 at a point 0.3 mi S of Sabine Co line,
at head of small tributary N of Mill Creek, Fairmount 7.5’ Quad, 31°09'46”
N, 93°41'36” W, elev 300-320 ft, 25 Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8251 (MO,
NY, SMU, TEX); Acid seep forest and hillside seepage bog, ca 2 mi E of TX
87 at a point 0.3 mi S of Sabine Co line, on W side of valley of tributary N
of Mill Creek, Fairmount 7.5’ Quad, 31°09'47” N, 93°42'03”" W, elev 330-350
ft, 25 Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8263 (SMU, TEX). Sabine Co: Lower slope
hillside seepage bog in valley of Shingle Branch, 0.5 mi N of FS Rd 113, 0.5
mi E of TX 87, east of Fox Hunters Hill, Fairmount 7.5’ Quad, 31°11'22” N,

Bridges & Orzell: Noteworthy collections in Texas & Louisiana 39

93°43'14" W, Sabine NF, 12 Aug 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5645 (TEX). Wood
Co: Streamhead seepage bog, mostly shrub invaded, 0.1 mi N of Co Rd 3245
at a point 0.5 mi E of int Co Rd 3235, ca 0.4 mi upstream from end of SE
arm of Lake Lydia, ca 5 air mi SE of Quitman, Quitman 7.5’ Quad, 32°46'27”
N, 95°22'57” W, elev 390-400 ft, 18 Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8058 (TEX);
Peaty hillside seepage bog on W side of Co Rd 3235, 0.5 mi N of Co Rd 3245,
at head of SE arm of Lake Lydia, 0.1 mi S of dam of Quitman Club Lake,
ca 4.5 air mi SE of Quitman, Quitman 7.5’ Quad, 32°46/33” N, 95°23'12” W,
elev 380 ft, 18 Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8072 (TEX). Additional collections:
LA: Vernon Par: Seepage area in longleaf pine woods west of US FS Rd 440
near Little Six Mile Creek, NW of Fullerton, 15 Jul 1980, Thomas & Grelen
71857 (NLU); Hillside bog beside FS 405 just west of FS 434 north of Pitkin,
edge of Fort Polk Military Reservation in Kisatchie NF, Sec 28, TIN, R6W,
22 Aug 1981, Thomas, Kessler, & McCoy 78156 (NLU). TX: Angelina Co: SE
of Zavalla on US 63, 0.5 mi NW of Angelina-Jasper Co line, pitcher plant bog
area, rare to occasional, 11 Aug 1978, Nizon et al. 8717 (ASTC); ca 0.5 mi
S of jet FR 338 & 330 on 328 to high point, occasional at seepage slopes, 30
Jul 1980, Ward & Hupp 417 (ASTC). Jasper Co: ca 0.2 mi E of jet FR 309
& FR 302A near Boykin Spring, seepage slopes with pitcher plants and wet
woods, locally rare-occasional, 12 Jul 1980, Ward 761 (ASTC); Hillside bog
along FR 314 ca 100 yds W of int FR 330 in Angelina National Forest, N of
Neches River, 2 Aug 1986, L.E. Brown 10593 (ASTC, SBSC).

Rhynchospora chalarocephala is a common late-summer to fall fruiting spe-
cies of hillside seepage bogs in the longleaf pine region of Texas and Louisiana
and much of the Post Oak Belt of Texas. It can occur both in the open
bogs and at the ecotone between these bogs and acid seep forests, often on
Sphagnum hummocks. In the Longleaf Pine Belt, it is found on the Catahoula
(Miocene), Willis and Bentley (Quaternary) Formations, particularly on es-
carpments, slopes, or contacts with other formations. The Newton Co site was
unusual in being on a Quaternary sand ridge of Montgomery Formation age
and not associated with a hillside bog. Sites in the Post Oak Belt of Texas
were on the Queen City and Carrizo Sand Formations (Eocene). Species which
are frequently associated with R. chalarocephala throughout most of its West
Gulf Coastal Plain range include Acer rubrum, Aletris aurea, Asclepias rubra,
Aster umbellatus, Burmannia capitata, Calopogon tuberosus, Centella asiatica,
Drosera capillaris, Eriocaulon decangulare, E. terense, Eryngium integrifolium,
Eupatorium rotundifolium, Fuirena squarrosa, Helianthus angustifolius, Hyper-
icum stans, Liatris pycnostachya, Lobelia reverchonti, Lycopodium appressum,
Mitreola sessilifolia, Myrica cerifera, Osmunda cinnamomea, O. regalis, Pan-
tcum virgatum, Ptilimnium costatum, Rhezia mariana, Rhynchospora glomer-
ata, R. gracilenta, R. oligantha, Sarracenia alata, Scleria reticularis, Solidago
rugosa, Sphagnum sp., Utricularia juncea, Viburnum nudum, Woodwardia vir-
ginica, X. ambigua and X. baldwiniana. Species frequently associated only at
Post Oak Belt sites include Apios americana, Boehmeria cylindrica, Cyperus

40 PHY TOLOGIA volume 66(1):12-69 April 1989

haspan, Eleocharis equisetoides, Hydrocotyle umbellata, Hypericum mutilum,
H. virginicum, Iris virginica, Panicum hemitomon, Peltandra virginica, Rhezia
virginica, Rhynchospora capitellata and Vernonia missurica. Frequent asso-
ciates at Post Oak Belt sites which are associated at few Longleaf Pine Belt
sites include Alnus serrulata andropogon glomeratus, Erianthus giganteus, Eu-
patorium perfoliatum, Gratiola brevifolia, Ludwigia sphaerocarpa, Mayaca fiu-
viatilis, Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora, Polygala cruciata, Woodwardia areolata,
Xyris jupicai and X. torta. Frequent associates at Longleaf Pine Belt sites
which are associated at few Post Oak Belt sites include Agalinis fasciculata,
Gratiola pilosa, Hypozis hirsuta, Liquidambar styraciflua, Oxypolis rigidior,
Pogonia ophioglossoides, Rhynchospora macra, Viola primulifolia and Xyris
difformis var. curtissii. Frequent associates found only at Longleaf Pine Belt
sites include Carez glaucescens, Coreopsis linifolia, Hyptis alata, Ilex coriacea,
Lachnocaulon anceps, Ludwigia hirtella, Lycopodium carolinianum, Magnolia
virginiana, Marshallia tenuifolia, Myrica heterophylla, Persea borbonia, Pin-
guicula pumila, Pinus palustris, P. taeda, Polygala ramosa, Pyrus arbuttfo-
lia, Rhezia lutea, R. petiolata, Rhus verniz, Rhynchospora plumosa, Rudbeckia
scabrifolia, Smilaz laurtfolia, Xyris drummondii and X. scabrifolia.

When this species was first described, it was presumed common in New
Jersey, North Carolina and South Carolina, with two collections from Virginia
and one each from Delaware and Florida (Fernald 1940). Gale (1944) added
Maryland to the range. Godfrey & Wooten (1979) extended the range to in-
clude the Gulf states west to Louisiana. Joyce (1974) does not include this
species for Louisiana, although we have annotated a specimen at LAF (Joyce
521) from Washington Par which he had originally determined as R. cephalan-
tha. Although reported from Allen Par, Louisiana (Allen 1984), we found the
Allen Par specimens originally identified as R. chalarocephala at LAF, LSU and
NLU to represent immature R. glomerata. The collections cited from ASTC
and SBSC had been determined as R. capitellata until our annotation.

RHYNCHOSPORA DIVERGENS Chapm. ex M.A. Curtis (Cyperaceae).
LA: Calcasieu Par: NWQ, NWQ, Sec 31, T8S, R8W, roadsides through wetland
longleaf pine savannah on E side of N Perkins Ferry Rd, 1.8-2.0 mi N of jet LA
378, just S of power line, Moss Bluff 7.5’ Quad, 30°19'42” N, 93°13'49" W, 25
Jul 1988, Orzell & Bridges 7394 (NLU, NY, TEX).

Associates of Rhynchospora divergens at our Louisiana site Ludwigia m1-
crocarpa, Rhynchospora colorata, R. perpleza, Scleria verticillata, S. georgiana,
Fuirena breviseta, Centella asiatica, Pluchea rosea, Polypremum procumbens,
Mecardonia acuminata, Mitreola sessilifolia and Helianthus angustifolius.

The United States range of R. divergens has usually been stated as from
South Carolina south to Florida and west to Texas, however, we have seen
no specific reports or specimens of this species from Louisiana. It is listed for
Louisiana by Thomas & Allen (1984), but not by Joyce (1974) or MacRoberts
(1984). We did not find specimens of R. divergens for Louisiana at LAF,
LSU, or NLU. It is fairly common on coastward Quaternary Terraces from

Bridges & Orzell: Noteworthy collections in Texas & Louisiana 41

Hardin and Tyler west to Montgomery, Harris and Galveston counties, Texas
and is disjunct to Aransas Co, Texas. We have one site for R. divergens on the
Caddell Formation in Angelina Co, Texas (Orzell & Bridges 4496), possibly the
only site on Eocene strata for this species. We have no record for Mississippi,
although it likely occurs there on the outer Coastal Plain.

RHYNCHOSPORA STENOPHYLLA Chapm. ex M.A. Curtis (Cyperaceae).
TX: Anderson Co: Lower slope seepage peat bog ca 1.0 mi due S of FM
2961 and 0.5 mi E of main road through Engeling WMA, Cayuga 7.5’ Quad,
31°58'36" N, 95°52'46” W, elev 270-290 ft, 8 Jun 1988, Orzell, Bridges, & P.
Sheridan 7184 (TEX), 15 Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges 7954 (NY, TEX). Wood
Co: Streamhead seepage bog, mostly shrub invaded, 0.1 mi N of Co Rd 3245
at a point 0.5 mi E of int Co Rd 3235, ca 0.4 mi upstream from end of SE arm
of Lake Lydia, ca 5 air miles SE of Quitman, Quitman 7.5’ Quad, 32°46'27"
N, 95°22'57" W, elev 390-400 ft, 18 Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8054 (TEX).

Our Texas records of Rhynchospora stenophylla are from ombotrophic, quak-
ing peat bogs on or adjacent to the Queen City Sand (Eocene). Associates
at both sites include Acer rubrum andropogon glomeratus, Aster umbellatus,
Drosera capillaris, Eriocaulon decangulare, Eryngium integrifolium, Eupato-
rium perfoliatum, E. rotundifolium, Fuirena squarrosa, Helianthus angusti-
folius, Hydrocotyle umbellata, Liquidambar styraciflua, Lobelia reverchonit, Lud-
wigia sphaerocarpa, Mayaca fluviatilis, Myrica cerifera, Ptilimnium costatum,
Rhezia virginica, Rhynchospora chalarocephala, R. gracilenta, R. oligantha,
Sarracenia alata, Scleria reticularis, Utricularia cornuta, Woodwardia areo-
lata, W. virginica, Xyris baldwiniana, X. jupicat and X. torta. Regionally
uncommon species found at one of the two sites include Aster scabricaulis, Cir-
sium muticum, Cladium mariscoides, Coreopsis tripteris, Rhynchospora macra,
Thelypteris palustris and Zigadenus densus.

Kral (1977) reports this species as occurring only in the Carolinas, north-
western Florida, and southern Alabama and provides an excellent summary of
its distinctive characters. Our search for literature reports uncovered only eight
total counties previously known for R. stenophylla. Joyce (1974) and Taylor
& Thomas (1985) report R. stenophylla from Washington Par, Louisiana and
MacRoberts (1984) includes it on the basis of Joyce’s report. It is not listed
in Thomas & Allen (1984), but is listed for Allen Par by Allen (1984). There
are no Louisiana specimens of R. stenophylla at LAF, LSU, or NLU. We con-
sider Washington Par to have had potential habitat for this species, but are
not aware of potential habitat in Allen Par. We have observed R. stenophylla
to be a fidel indicator of deep, sapric peaty bogs in southern Mississippi, its
nearest verified location to Texas. We have collections from Harrison (7893,
TEX; 7937A, TEX), Jackson (7731, TEX) and Stone (7854, TEX) counties in
southern Mississippi, adding two counties to its previous known range in the
state.

RHYNCHOSPORA TRACYI Britt. (Cyperaceae). TX: Hardin Co: Small,
graminoid dominated flatwoods pond adjacent to baygall on S side FM 418,

42 PH YTOLOGIA volume 66(1):12-69 April 1989

just S of gravel rd int, E of Pea Monk Branch, Kountze North 7.5’ Quad,
30°23'32" N, 94°17'03" W, 18 Aug 1987, Orzell, Bridges, & G. Watson 5780
(FSU, GA, MO, NCU, NLU, NY, SMU, TAES, TEX, VDB); Large graminoid
dominated flatwoods pond 0.3 mi S of dirt rd, 2.1 mi E of end of FR 420,
5.8 mi E of US 69, Kountze North 7.5’ Quad, 30°26'56” N, 94°18'53" W, 25
Sep 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5804 (NCU, SMU, TEX). Jasper Co: Large open
graminoid dominated flatwoods pond N of dirt road, 2.4 mi E of LeVerte, 2.9
mi E of US 96,7 mi N of TX 62 at Buna, Call Junction 7.5’ Quad, 30°32'00” N,
94°54'00" W, 15 Oct 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5925 (SMU, TEX), 23 Aug 1988,
Orzell & Bridges 8173 (FSU, GA, MO, NCU, NLU, TEX, VDB). Newton Co:
Intermediate to deep open flatwoods ponds in pine plantations, N of TX 253
on gravel rd 2.6 mi W of ject TX 87, Sudduth Bluff 7.5’ Quad, 30°25'50” N,
93°50'40" W, elev 47 ft, 26 Sep 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8578 (SMU, TEX).
Tyler Co: Intermediate depth flatwoods pond N of gravel rd, 3.9 mi W of TX
92 at a point 1 mi N of Fred, E of Drakes Branch and W of Spring Branch,
Fred 7.5’ Quad, 30°35'37" N, 94°13'55" W, elev 124 ft, 26 Sep 1988, Orzell &
Bridges 8593 (SMU, TEX).

Our collections of this species are from open flatwoods ponds on the Beau-
mont, Montgomery and Bentley Formations (Quaternary). The soils of these
sites are mapped as Typic Fragiaqualfs and Typic Glossaqualfs. Frequent asso-
ciates include Artstida affinis, Bacopa caroliniana, Carez verrucosa, Cephalan-
thus occidentalis, Cyrilla racemiflora, Eriocaulon compressum, Gratiola brevt-
folia, Hydrolea ovata, Hypericum galioides, Juncus repens, Ludwigia sphaero-
carpa, Myrica cerifera, Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora, Ozypolis filiformis, Pan-
icum hemitomon, Pluchea rosea, Proserpinaca pectinata, Rhynchospora cepha-
lantha, R. corniculata, R. filifolia, R. perpleza, Sphagnum macrophyllum, Sty-
raz americana, X. lazifolia var. iridifolia, X. jupicai, X. fimbriataand X. small-
1ana.

Rhynchospora tracyi ranges from South Carolina south to Florida and west
to Mississippi (Godfrey & Wooten 1979) and in Cuba and the Bahamas (Correll
& Correll 1982). It is one of the more semi-aquatic species of Rhynchospora,
typically occurring in marshes, ponds, wet pinelands and cypress-gum depres-
sions (Godfrey & Wooten 1979). In southwest Georgia it occurs in limesink
depression ponds with many of the same associates as in Texas (Harper 1900,
Lynch et al. 1986). The only Louisiana collection of R. tracy: was made by
Cocks in the vicinity of Lake Charles (Cocks 1907; Joyce 1974). We have not
been able to relocate this record despite searches of several flatwoods ponds
north of Lake Charles.

RUDBECKIA SCABRIFOLIA L.E. Brown (Asteraceae). LA: Vernon Par:
NEQ, SEQ, Sec 12, T1S, R8W, Large open hillside seepage bog known as
“Cravens Bog,” just NW of int FS Rds 405-1, 405, 445 and 408, Sugartown
NW 7.5’ Quad, 30°59'27" N, 93°08'10" W, Kisatchie NF, 14 Aug 1987, Orzell
& Bridges 5734 (TEX); SEQ, NWQ, Sec 11, TIN, R11W, Small acid seep
forest on N side LA 8, 1.5 mi E of int LA 111 at Burr Ferry, Burr Ferry 7.5’

Bridges & Orzell: Noteworthy collections in Texas & Louisiana 43

Quad, 31°04'51” N, 93°27'53" W, 13 Aug 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5718 (TEX);
NEQ, NWQ, Sec 32, T2N, R10W, Hillside seepage bog on W facing ravine
slope on N side LA 8, opposite int Vernon Par Rd #15, 1.85 mi W of int LA
464, Burr Ferry 7.5’ Quad, 31°06'47" N, 93°25/00” W, 13 Aug 1987, Orzell &
Bridges 5720 (NLU), 11 Jun 1988, Orzell, Bridges, & P. Sheridan 7266 (SMU,
TEX); Hillside seepage bog on E side of LA 464, 1.9 mi S of bridge over Wolf
Creek, 2.5 mi S of Vernon Par Rd #25, 3.0 mi S of Vernon Par Rd #27, 5.5
mi S of LA 8, SH, SWQ, SWQ, Sec 21, TIN, R10W, Burr Ferry 7.5’ Quad,
31°02'36” N, 93°24'08" W, elev 230-260 ft, 11 Jun 1988, Orzell, Bridges, &
P. Sheridan 7262 (TEX). TX: Sabine Co: Lower slope hillside seepage bog in
valley of Shingle Branch, 0.5 mi N of FS Rd 113, 0.5 mi E of TX 87, Sabine
NF, Fairmount 7.5’ Quad, 31°11'22” N, 93°43/14” W, elev 270 ft, 12 Aug 1987,
Orzell & Bridges 5658 (SMU, TEX); Acid seep forest on S side of FS Rd 113,
ca 0.6 mi SE of TX 87 at a point ca 1 mi S of int FM 3315 in Fairmount and
1.3 mi N of Newton Co line, E of Fox Hunters Hill, Sabine NF, Fairmount
7.5’ Quad, 31°10'35”" N, 93°43'27" W, elev 250-260 ft, 12 Aug 1987, Orzell &
Bridges 5661 (TEX).

All of our collections of Rudbeckia scabrifolia are from hillside seepage bogs
and the edges of acid seep forests adjacent to these bogs. In Louisiana it is
found on the High Terraces (= Willis Formation, Quaternary) near the con-
tact with underlying Miocene formations. All of the Texas sites are on the
Catahoula Formation (Miocene), or near the contact of the Catahoula and
Willis formations. Frequent associates include Acer rubrum, Asclepias rubra,
Carez glaucescens, Eriocaulon decangulare, Magnolia virginiana, Myrica het-
erophylla, Osmunda cinnamomea, Persea borbonia, Platanthera ciliaris, Rhus
verniz, Rhynchospora chalarocephala, R. gracilenta, R. oligantha, Sclerta retic-
ularis, Smilaz laurifolia, Viburnum nudum, Woodwardia virginica, Xyris am-
bigua and X. scabrifolia.

Rudbeckia scabrifolia was described from three counties in southeastern
Texas (Brown 1986a). Our collections add the above cited county and parish to
its previous known range. Rudbeckia scabrifolia is a narrow endemic of limited
geographic range in southeastern Texas (four adjacent counties) and Vernon
Par in adjoining southwest Louisiana. Although locally abundant, it is fidel to
hillside seepage bogs and associated broadleaf semi-evergreen acid seep forests
on the Catahoula Formation (Miocene) and Willis Formation (Quaternary).

RUDBECKIA SUBTOMENTOSA Pursh (Asteraceae). TX: Angelina Co:
Edges of acid seep forest at head of ravine, ca 0.3 mi W of FS Rd 302A, 1.1
mi S of FS Rd 302, on SW facing slope of tributary to Big Creek, ca 9.5 air mi
SE of Zavalla, Angelina NF, Boykin Sprirg 7.5’ Quad, 31°04'37" N, 94°17'44”
W, elev 220-250 ft, Geology - Catahoula Formation (Miocene), 20 Sep 1988,
Orzell & Bridges 8342 (GA, MO, NCU, NY, SMU, TEX).

Our collection of Rudbeckia subtomentosa was under a canopy of Ligurdam-
bar styraciflua, Magnolia virginiana and Pinus taeda, on a slightly seepy lower
slope at the ecotone between a hillside seepage bog, dry-mesic pine-hardwood

44 PHY TOLOGIA volume 66(1):12-69 April 1989

forest and acid seep forest. Associates included Callicarpa americana, Carez
glaucescens, Chionanthus virginicus, Eleocharis tortilis, Eryngium integrifoli-
um, Gelsemium sempervirens, Helianthus angustifolius, Hyptis alata, Myrica
cerifera, Osmunda cinnamomea, O. regalis, Persea borbonia and Solidago ru-
gosa.

Rudbeckia subtomentosa was listed by Correll & Correll (1975) as having
been reported from and questionably occurring in Texas, however, they cite
no source for this report. It was reported by Flook (1975) on the basis of a
collection by Geraldine Watson from Hardin Co. It is listed from Hardin Co in
an unpublished key to Rudbeckia in Texas (Brown 1986c). We are aware of no
other reports of this species from Texas. It is fairly common throughout much
of Louisiana and the Texas records represent a short westward range extension.

RUDBECKIA TRILOBA L. (Asteraceae). TX: San Augustine Co: On W
side of gravel rd to Sunrise, 0.9 mi SE of TX 21 at a point 1.1 mi E of San
Augustine, San Augustine East 7.5’ Quad, 31°30'53” N, 94°05'07" W, 18 May
1988, Orzell & Bridges 6876 (MO, NY, SMU, TEX), 12 Jul 1988, Orzell 7360
(NCU, SMU, TEX). Additional collections: TX: Nacogdoches Co: ca 1.5 mi
N of jct of Hwy 103 & 95 on 95, clayish soil, open roadside and adj forest,
occasional, 7 May 1985, E.S. Nizon 15013 (SMU).

Our collections are from a sloping dry shrub thicket below an extensive
Weches Formation (Claiborne group - Eocene) calcareous, glauconitic, iron-
stone glade-outcrop. Rudbeckia triloba grows with the woody species Aes-
culus pavia, Cercis canadensis, Cornus drummondu, Rhamnus caroliniana,
Crataegus spp., Forestiera ligustrina, Frazinus americana, Ilex decidua, Quer-
cus muhlenbergii, Rhus copallina, R. glabra and Bumelia lanuginosa. Herba-
ceous associates include the vernal ephemerals Streptanthus maculatus, Allium
drummondii, Anemone heterophylla, Arenaria patula, Astragalus nuttallianus,
Valerianella radiata and Lesquerella pallida. Other associates include Carez
amphibola, C. granularis, C. physorhyncha, C. retrofleza, C. willdenowi, Ely-
mus virginicus, Geum canadense, Scutellaria cardiophylla, Smilaz herbacea,
Mirabilis albida, Ipomopsis rubra and Cuphea viscosissima. The calciphilic
flora of this site is extremely unusual for the Piney Woods region of east Texas
and contains many disjunct and peripheral species.

Rudbeckia triloba was first reported for Texas by Taylor & Taylor (1981)
from Lamar Co and is listed for Lamar Co in an unpublished key to Rud-
beckia in Texas (Brown 1986c). It does occur in counties bordering Texas in
southwestern Arkansas (Smith 1988) and southeastern Oklahoma (McGregor
et al. 1977) and is known to occur west to Natchitoches, Lafayette and Iberia
parishes in Louisiana. It likely occurs in some calcareous forests in the counties
bordering the Red River, but is probably disjunct to the Weches Formation
outcrops of Nacogdoches and San Augustine counties in southeast Texas.

SCLERIA VERTICILLATA Muhl. ex Willd. (Cyperaceae). LA: Calcasieu
Par: NWQ, NWQ, Sec 31, T8S, R8W, Longleaf pine savannah on E side of N
Perkins Ferry Rd, 1.8-2.0 mi N of jct LA 378, just S of power line, Moss Bluff

Bridges & Orzell: Noteworthy collections in Texas & Louisiana 45

7.5’ Quad, 30°19'42" N, 93°13'49" W, 17 Aug 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5759
(NLU, TEX).

Scleria verticillata was common on a roadside through a wetland lon-
gleaf pine savannah on the Prairie Terrace (Quaternary). Associated species
included Futrena breviseta, Ludwigia microcarpa, Mitreola sessilifolia, Poly-
gala leptocaulis, Rhynchospora colorata, R. divergens, R. perpleza and Xyris
louistanica.

Although wide ranging in temperate and tropical regions of the Western
Hemisphere, this species seems to be extremely rare in the south central United
States. Only one previous collection exists from Louisiana, according to Joyce
(1974), without collector, number, or date, labeled only “Flora of Louisiana.”
It is known from one historical and one recent collection in Arkansas (Orzell
et al. 1985) and is a rare disjunct restricted to marly areas in Missouri Ozark
fens (Orzell 1984). It was reported as new to Oklahoma by Taylor & Taylor
(1978), from a seepage saturated sapric coastal plain bog. Scleria verticillata
is rare and local in Texas, occurring mostly in the central portion of the state.
The nearest locality to Louisiana in Texas is from Marysee Prairie in Liberty
Co (Nizon 15139, ASTC).

SPIRANTHES PARKSII Correll (Orchidaceae). Jasper Co: Small gravelly
openings in Catahoula barrens woodland on NE side of TX 63, 100 yds S of int
Post Oak Road, in upper reaches of Black Branch watershed and ca 1.0 mi N
of int R 255, Ebenezer 7.5’ Quad, Angelina NF, 28 Oct 1986, Orzell & Bridges
4854 (TEX).

At this site, Spiranthes parksii was rare, under a 50% canopy of Quercus
stellata and Carya terana, in openings in a 30% cover shrub layer of Vac-
cinium arboreum and Ilez vomitoria. Herb layer associates include Gelsemium
sempervirens, Chasmanthium sessilifolium and Rhus copallina, with 25% total
cover.

Spiranthes parkst was previously thought to be restricted to a narrow band
within the Post Oak Belt of east-central Texas, in Brazos, Grimes, Burleson
and Robertson counties. Field work in 1986 and early 1987 has added Leon,
Madison and Washington counties to its known range, with rosettes possibly
representing this species observed in Lee Co (Kathy Jordan, pers. comm.). Our
collection is well within the Piney Woods region of east Texas, and about 170
km east of all other known locations. Although well within humid east Texas,

the unusual soil conditions at the site produce a vegetative physiognomy very
' similar to that at other Spiranthes parksii sites (see Catling & McIntosh 1979).
The soil is the Browndell rock outcrop complex (clayey, montmorillonitic, ther-
mic, shallow, Albaquic Hapludalfs), and is developed on flat to slightly slop-
ing exposures of the tuffaceous sandstone member of the Catahoula formation
(Miocene) (Neitsch 1982). These areas support many other species more char-
acteristic of east central Texas. The vegetation of our collection site has been
described by Marietta & Nixon (1983). The occurrence of Spiranthes parksiiin
Jasper Co implies that the intervening counties westward to Grimes Co which

46 PHY TOLOGIA volume 66(1):12-69 April 1989

have outcrops of the Catahoula Formation are within the potential range of
this species. In addition, our cursory observations indicate potentially suitable
habitat as far southwest as Colorado and Fayette counties. Extensive searches
are needed and are now being implemented, rather than the previous intensive
searches of small areas in order to fully document the occurrence and status of
this federally listed endangered species.

STYRAX GRANDIFOLIA Ait. (Styracaceae). TX: Angelina Co: Gon-
soulin 1007 (SMU). Hardin Co: V.L. Cory 52817 (SMU, TAES), Cory 52764
(SMU), E. Whitehouse 23099 (SMU), Mrs. J.L. Hooks s.n. (TEX), E. White-
house s.n. (TEX). Jasper Co: Paul Coz 132 (ASTC), Correll & Correll 27230
(SMU), Lundell & Lundell 11193 (LL, TEX), Lundell 11855 (LL, TEX), Lun-
dell 11825 (LL), Correll 27425 (LL), Correll & Correll 27230, 29106 (LL).
Liberty Co: Gonsoulin 1036 (SMU). Newton Co: Nizon & Ward 12893, 12925
(ASTC), Nizon & Goodheart 8369(ASTC), Peterson, Nizon, & Marietta 288,
8292 (ASTC), C.D. Peterson s.n. (SBSC), S.H. Harris s.n. (SBSC), H.B.
Parks s.n. (TAES), G. Watson 1660, 1825 (LAMA), R. Darville 88 (LAMA),
Cory 52647 (SMU), Correll & Correll 12582 (LL, SMU), H. Nogle s.n. (SMU,
TEX), Correll, Johnston, & Edwin 22274 (LL), Correll et al. 29640 (LL).
Sabine Co: Orzell & Bridges 4353 (MO, SMU, TEX), Orzell & Bridges 6194
(NCU, NLU, SMU, TEX), Nizon & Ward 10661 (ASTC), Judy Teague 14
(ASTC), Nizon 14516, 15120 (ASTC), Nizon & Martetta 8183 (ASTC), L.
Brown 9388 (SBSC). San Augustine Co: Orzell & Bridges 5115 (TEX). Shelby
Co: Orzell & Bridges 5117 (TEX). Smith Co: Gonsoulin 1006 (SMU). Tyler
Co: Orzell & Bridges 8718 (TEX), Nizon 14581 (ASTC), R.A. Vines s.n.
(SBSC), R. Murphy 25 (LAMA), R. Rangel 54 (LAMA).

While working in southeast Texas, we noticed an unusual discrepancy in
documentation of the occurrence of Styraz grandifolia, a fairly common species
in the region. Styraz grandifolia is rarely recognized as occurring in Texas by
in-state sources, although it has long been documented for Texas in the general
literature. Correll & Johnston (1970) list Styraz americana as the only species
of this genus in eastern Texas. Mears (1972) apparently first recognized the oc-
currence of Styraz grandifolia in Texas. Gonsoulin (1974) reported this species
from six contiguous counties in southeast Texas. Material of S. grandifolia
annotated by Gonsoulin at SMU and TEX had previously been misidentified
as either Halesia diptera, S. americana or S. platanifolia, the latter species en-
demic to the Edwards Plateau of central Texas. No material at ASTC, LAMA,
LL, SBSC, TAES, or TAMU bore Gonsoulin annotations. Little (1977), Elias
(1980) and Duncan & Duncan (1988) map Styraz grandifolia for eastern Texas,
giving a state range similar to Gonsoulin (1974). Despite such documentation
of this large showy shrub or small tree in the state, it is not mentioned in
Vines (1977), Ajilvsgi (1979), Watson (1982), Nixon (1985), or Cox & Leslie
(1988). In May of 1985, we saw a specimen of S. grandizfolia sent for exchange
from ASTC to DUR which was misidentified as S. americana. In May of 1986,
after having collected S. grandifolia in Texas, we examined the Styracaceae

Bridges & Orzell: Noteworthy collections in Texas & Louisiana 47

at ASTC. We found 14 collections of Styraz grandifolia, originally identified
as S. americana and annotated as S. grandifolia in October 1985. In addi-
tion, we found two other sheets of S. grandifolia which were misidentified as
S. americana and one misidentified as Halesia diptera. In order to better un-
derstand the distribution of this overlooked species in Texas, we also examined
all specimens of the Styracaceae at LL, SBSC, SMU, TAES, TAMU, TEX and
Lamar University. We found that most specimens of S. grandifolia at these
institutions were misidentified as S. americana or Halesia diptera.

In the interests of brevity, full specimen citations are not given, but only
county, collector and number and place of deposit, in order to document collec-
tions of S. grandifolia determined or verified by the authors. Some additional
citations of Texas material in other herbaria are given in Gonsoulin (1974), but
these include no additional county records. With the exception of the Smith
Co record, the entire distribution of this species in Texas is within the “Big
Thicket” region of southeastern Texas. This area basically correlates with the
Longleaf Pine Belt in Texas and corresponds rather closely to the distribution
of several other mesic forest species in the state, notably Fagus grandifolia. In
southeast Texas, Styraz grandifoliais most commonly found in mesic hardwood
forests, typically dominated by some combination of Fagus grandifolia, Magno-
lia grandiflora, Frazinus americana, Quercus alba, Q. laurifolia, Q. nigra, Q.
shumardiz, Carya cordiformis, C. ovata and C. tomentosa. Topographically,
these forests occupy mesic ravines and protected slopes or well drained stream
terraces. Styraz grandifolia is always ecologically separated from S. americana,
which prefers poorly drained shallow ponds and bottomland forests, seepage
areas, or swamps. The two are occasionally found in rather close proximity in
areas with great variation in hydrology, as with natural levees and ridges in
floodplains or strongly sloping ravines with poorly drained bottoms. However,
their habitat separation is always maintained. Our collections have added only
San Augustine and Shelby counties to the Texas range of this species. It is
possible that diligent collecting in such counties as Nacogdoches, Cherokee and
Rusk could close the gap between the southeast Texas range and the Smith
Co record. However, the general absence of many mesic forest species, particu-
larly those which are rather infrequent in the state (i.e. Sanguinaria canadensis,
Thelypteris hezagonoptera, Hamamelis virginiana, Lindera benzoin and Uvu-
laria perfoliata) from northeast and north central Texas indicates that Styraz
grandifolia may also be truly rare or absent from northeastern Texas. Its mesic
hardwood forest habitat is becoming increasingly rare due to intensive culti-
vation of loblolly and slash pine over most of its potential habitat in the state.
While not yet threatened with extirpation, it should be sought in additional
counties in Texas.

THASPIUM BARBINODE (Michx.) Nutt. (Apiaceae). TX: Houston Co:
Dry-mesic slope forest along trail E of Neches Bluff Overlook at N end of FS
Rd 511-A, ca 0.9 mi E of TX 21, along steep N facing slope above the Neches
River, Davy Crockett NF, Weches 7.5’ Quad, 31°34'05” N, 95°09/35"’ W, elev

48 PHY TOLOGIA volume 66(1):12-69 April 1989

230-350 ft, Geology - Weches Formation (Eocene) below Sparta Sand, 20 Apr
1988, Orzell & Bridges 6417(MO, SMU, TEX).

Thaspium barbinode was occasional under a canopy of Pinus taeda and an
understory of Acer barbatum, A. rubrum, Carya tomentosa, Quercus falcata,
Q. velutina, Q. alba, Q. michauri, Ostrya virginiana, Cornus florida, Ilez
opaca, Frazinus americana and Ligquidambar styraciflua. The site has been
subject to frequent hardwood suppression and prescribed burning and has lit-
tle shrub or herb cover and diversity. Associates include a few individuals of
Carez ozylepis, C. caroliniana, C. amphibola, C. cephalophora, C. physorhyn-
cha, Polystichum acrostichoides, Senecio obovatus, Silene stellata, Podophyl-
lum peltatum, Phryma leptostachya, Thalictrum dasycarpum and Woodsia ob-
tusa.

To our knowledge, the nearest locations of this species to Texas are in the
Ouachita Mountains of McCurtain Co, Oklahoma and in deep ravines west
of the Ouachita River in Caldwell Par, Louisiana. It is considered rare in
northern Louisiana (Marx & Thomas 1975). Thaspium barbinode seems to be
infrequent and somewhat calciphilic on the Gulf Coastal Plain. It reaches its
southeastern limit in the Oligocene limestone region of southwestern Georgia
(Thorne 1954, Lynch et al. 1986) and Jackson Co, Florida (Mitchell 1962).
The Texas locality is disjunct about 300 km south and 300 km west from the
nearest reported stations for this species.

THASPIUM TRIFOLIATUM (L.) Gray (Apiaceae). TX: Nacogdoches Co:
Dry-mesic calcareous forest ca 0.3 mi W of FM 255, 0.7 mi N of int TX 204
at Cushing, on smaller knob SE of Button Mountain, Cushing 7.5’ Quad,
31°49'45" N, 94°50'47" W, elev 600-720 ft, 14 Apr 1988, Orzell & Bridges
6277 (MO, SMU, TEX). Sabine Co: Mesic sandy ravine forest along tributary
of Colorow Creek, ca 0.3 mi N of FS Rd 108 and 2 mi E of Black Ankle, ca 5
air miles NW of Geneva, Sabine NF, Patroon South 7.5’ Quad, 31°32'15” N,
93°57'53" W, elev 330-450 ft, 20 Apr 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5096 (MO, SMU,
TEX). Tyler Co: Mesic calcareous forest ca 3.7 mi NE of Spurger, in deep
ravine on W side of Neches River, Spurger 7.5’ Quad, 30°44'10” N, 94°08'38”
W, elev 75-125 ft, 23 Sep 1986, Orzell & Bridges 4801 (TEX). Additional
collections: Hardin Co: Turkey Creek Unit, SE section, floodplain, 2 May
1978, G. Watson 2610 (LAMA). Sabine Co: Just SW of the jct of Hwy 87 and
Colorow Creek, wooded mesic creek bottom and adjacent slopes, 3 Apr 1986,
E.S. Nizon 15181 (SMU) (Det: B.L. Lipscomb, Jul 1986). San Jacinto Co:
Big Thicket Scenic Area, along Little Creek, near Cold Spring, near Trillium
on forest floor along Little Creek, sandy soil, high leaf litter, 26 Apr 1970, C.A.
Ketchersid 172 (TAMU).

In Tyler Co, this species is occasional in a mesic forest developed on calcare-
ous clays of the escarpment of the Fleming Formation (Miocene). In Nacog-
doches and Sabine counties, it occurs in hardwood forests near the contact of
sandy and calcareous Eocene strata. Canopy tree associates at two or more
sites include Fagus grandifolia, Quercus alba, Q. shumardii, Carya tomentosa,

Bridges & Orzell: Noteworthy collections in Texas & Louisiana 49

Celtis laevigata, Frazinus americana, Liquidambar styraciflua and Tilia amer-
icana. Understory trees include Ostrya virginiana, Cornus florida, Sassafras
albidum, Symplocos tinctoria and Cercis canadensis. Shrub and herb asso-
ciates include Smilaz pumila, Arisaema triphyllum, Asimina parviflora, Lin-
dera benzoin, Mitchella repens, Oplismenus setarius, Parthenocissus quinque-
folia, Podophyllum peltatum, Polystichum acrostichoides, Solidago auriculata,
Tradescantia hirsutiflora and Viburnum acerifolium.

Thaspium trifoliatum was reported as new to Texas by Brown (1986b) on
the basis of a specimen (McFarlane 30) from Liberty Co. Previous to the
publication of this record we had collected T. trifoliatum in Tyler Co and
in examining collections of Thaspium and Zizia at Texas herbaria uncovered
three additional collections, two of which had been misidentified as Z. aurea.
Therefore, T. trifoliatumis now documented from six southeast Texas counties.
Thaspium trifoliatum is a relatively common herb of mesic mixed hardwood
forests in the eastern United States, ranging from Florida and Louisiana north
to New York and South Dakota. Previous to these reports, its western limit
was from Louisiana north to the Interior Highlands of Arkansas and eastern
Oklahoma.

UVULARIA PERFOLIATA L. (Liliaceae). TX: Sabine Co: Mesic sandy
ravine forest along tributary of Colorow Creek, ca 0.3 mi N of FS Rd 108 and 2
mi E of Black Ankle, ca 5 air miles NW of Geneva, Sabine NF, Patroon South
7.5’ Quad, 31°32'15" N, 93°57'53” W, elev 330-450 ft, 5 Aug 1986, Orzell &
Bridges 4652 (TEX); Mesic ravine forest in upper reaches of valley of Dorsey
Branch, on N side of FR 276 extension, ca 0.4-1.0 mi W of TX 87 at Isla,
5.2 mi N of Milam, East Hamilton 7.5’ Quad, 31°30'07" N, 93°51'28” W, elev
300-520 ft, 30 Mar 1987, Orzell & Bridges 4960 (SMU, TEX); Mesic, partially
calcareous, ravine forests in upper reaches of Colorow Creek, N of FS Rd 198,
on W side of FM 330 from 3-3.5 mi N of Geneva, Colorow Creek Scenic Area,
Sabine NF, Patroon South 7.5’ Quad, 31°31'14"’ N, 93°55'42” W, elev 310-500
ft, 30 Mar 1987, Orzell & Bridges 4965 (MO, TEX); Mesic ravine forests along
upper reaches of Mason Creek, on NW side of Sabine Co Rd #37, ca 1 mi
W of TX 87, ca 4.5 mi N of Milam, Sabine NF, Milam 7.5’ Quad, 31°29/33”
N, 93°51'10" W, elev 300-400 ft, 12 Apr 1988, Orzell & Bridges 6190 (TEX);
Mesic ravine forests N of Bennetts Cem, NE of N end of FS Rd 121, along
shore of Toledo Bend Res, just S of Shelby Co line, Sabine NF, East Hamilton
7.5’ Quad, 31°35'00" N, 93°50'10” W, elev 170-240 ft, 12 Apr 1988, Orzell &
Bridges 6201 (GA, NCU, SMU, TEX). Additional collections: Sabine Co: 4.1
mi E of Geneva, on dirt road, mesic wooded creek bottom and slope, occasional
clumps, 22 Mar 1985, E.S. Nizon 14347 (ASTC, SMU); Common at edge of
small stream in a deep ravine along gravel road ca 4.5 mi NE of Geneva, rd
extends between Hwy 21 & 87 in Sabine NF, beech-maple forest, 6 Apr 1985,
L.E. Brown 8615 (SBSC).

Uvularia perfoliata is occasional in mesic mixed hardwood forests in deep
ravines transecting both sandy and calcareous Eocene strata. Frequent canopy

50 PHY TOLOGIA volume 66(1):12-69 April 1989

trees include Fagus grandifolia, Acer rubrum, Carya tomentosa, Celtis lae-
vigata, Frazinus americana, Liquidambar styraciflua, Magnolia grandiflora,
Nyssa sylvatica, Pinus taeda, Prunus serotina, Quercus alba, Q. falcata, Q.
michauzit, Q. shumardit and Tilia americana. Understory trees include Acer
barbatum, A. leucoderme, Aralia spinosa, Cercis canadensis, Chionanthus vir-
ginicus, Cornus florida, Hamamelis virginiana, [lez opaca and Ostrya virgint-
ana. Shrub and herb associates include Arisaema triphyllum, Aristolochia ser-
pentaria, Arundinaria gigantea, Athyrium feliz-femina, Callicarpa americana,
Carez digitalis, C. ozylepis, C. striatula, C. willdenowi, Clematis virginiana,
Cynoglossum virginianum, Dioscorea villosa, Epifagus virginiana, Erythronium
rostratum, Ilez longipes, Lathyrus venosus, Lilium michauzu, Listera australis,
Luzula echinata, Melica mutica, Mitchella repens, Parthenocissus quinquefolia,
Pedicularis canadensis, Phloz pilosa, Poa autumnalis, Podophyllum peltatum,
Polystichum acrostichoides, Rhus radicans, Salvia lyrata, Sanicula gregaria,
Scleria triglomerata, Smilaz pumila, Solidago auriculata, S. caesia, Spigelia
marilandica, Styrar grandifolia, Thelypteris heragonoptera, Tipularia discolor,
Tradescantia hirsuttiflora, Trillium gracile, Viburnum acerifolium, V. denta-
tum, Viola lovelliana, V. missouriensis, V. walteri, and Vitis rotundifolia.
Uvularia perfoliata is commonly found in mesic forests of the extreme east-
ern United States, extending westward on the Gulf Coastal Plain to north-
central Louisiana and with disjunct localities in the Ouachita Mountains of
Arkansas where it occurs in acid seep forests (Orzell 1985). In Texas, it occurs
with several other species which are uncommon in the state, including Den-
taria laciniata, Sanguinaria canadensis, Cypripedium kentuckiense and sev-
eral above mentioned associates. The significance in east Texas and northern
Louisiana of several species associated with Uvularia perfoliata was described
by Kral (1966c), who offers quite probable hypotheses concerning the persis-
tence of northern woodland elements in deep ravine forests of the lower Gulf
Coastal Plain. Uvularia perfoliata and many of its Texas associates are also
found in the geologically contemporaneous Eocene Red Hills Belt of Georgia,
another area noted for its rich flora of more inland species on the Coastal Plain
(Thorne 1949). Nixon & Damuth (1987) reported Uvularia perfoliata from a
single Sabine Co site. Our five locations in Sabine Co are fairly continuous
with the nearest records in DeSoto and Natchitoches parishes, Louisiana.
XYRIS DRUMMONDII Malme (Xyridaceae). LA: Beauregard Par: High
hillside seepage bog on S facing slope below timber road, ca 3 mi E and 1.2
mi N of Merryville, 0.3 mi N of railroad and S of Bridge Creek, center of
NH, SWQ, Sec 28, T3S, R11W, Merryville North 7.5’ Quad, 30°46/17" N,
93°30'01" W, elev 130-140 ft, 11 Jun 1988, Orzell, Bridges, & P. Sheridan
7241 (TEX), 26 Jul 1988, Orzell & Bridges 7478 (MO, NCU, NLU, TEX,
VDB); Low hillside seepage bog on N side of Memorial Church Rd, 2.2 mi E of
US 190-171 at a point 3.1 mi N of int LA 110 at Longville and 9.6 mi S of LA
394 S of DeRidder, NWQ, NWQ, Sec 9, T5S, R8W, Redhead Branch 7.5’ Quad,
30°38'58" N, 93°11'54" W, elev 100-110 ft, 11 Jun 1988, Orzell, Bridges & P.

Bridges & Orzell: Noteworthy collections in Texas & Louisiana 51

Sheridan 7252 (TEX), 27 Jul 1988, Orzell & Bridges 7499 (NLU, SMU, TEX);
Open burned seepage bog in longleaf pine savannah on E side US 190 & 171,
4.0 mi S of int LA 394, 0.7 mi S of int Lumas Rd, ca 9 mi S of DeRidder, EH,
SEQ, Sec 12, T4S, ROW, Redhead Branch 7.5’ Quad, 30°43'43” N, 93°14'09"
W, elev 145-155 ft, 27 Jul 1988, Orzell & Bridges 7528 (NLU, TEX). Vernon
Par: NEQ, SEQ, Sec 12, T1S, R8W, Common in large open hillside seepage
bog just NW of int FS Rds 405-1, 405, 445 and 408, in area known as “Cravens
Bog,” Sugartown NW 7.5’ Quad, 30°59'27" N, 93°08'10" W, Kisatchie NF,
14 Aug 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5740 (NLU, TEX). TX: Angelina Co: Upper
slope hillside seepage bog SW of FS Rd 330 (closed), ca 1 mi S of FS Rd
338, on SW facing slope, Boykin Spring 7.5’ Quad, 31°03'47” N, 94°21'13" W,
Angelina NF, Upland Island WA, 11 Aug 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5620 (TEX);
Upper slope hillside seepage bog SW of FS Rd 330 (closed), ca 1 mi S of FS
Rd 338, on NW facing slope, Boykin Spring 7.5’ Quad, 31°03'47" N, 94°21'10”
W, Angelina NF, Upland Island WA, 11 Aug 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5625
(SMU, TEX, VDB); Occasional on exposed peaty sands with copious seepage
in strongly sloping (40%), actively slumping hillside seepage bog, N of FS Rd
314, 1.7 mi E of jct US 69, on S facing slope, Boykin Spring 7.5’ Quad, Upland
Island WA, Angelina NF, 24 Jul 1986, Orzell & Bridges 4502 (NCU, SMU,
TEX); Steep (30-40%) upper slope hillside seepage bog 0.7 mi N of FS Rd 314,
ca 1.7 mi E of US 69, SE of FS Rd 328A (closed), Angelina NF, Upland Island
WA, Boykin Spring 7.5’ Quad, 31°03/30" N, 94°22'12" W, elev 240-250 ft, 16
Sep 1986, Orzell & Bridges 4739 (SMU, TEX); Upper slope hillside seepage
bog 0.4 mi W of FS Rd 302A, ca 1.2 mi S of FS Rd 302, on SW facing slope
of tributary to Big Creek, ca 9.5 air mi SE of Zavalla, Angelina NF, Boykin
Spring 7.5’ Quad, 31°04'32" N, 94°17'45" W, elev 200-220 ft, 20 Sep 1988,
Orzell & Bridges 8343 (SMU, TEX); Upper slope hillside seepage bog W of FS
Rd 302A, ca 1.5 mi S of FS Rd 302, ca 9.5 air mi SE of Zavalla, Angelina NF,
Boykin Spring 7.5’ Quad, 31°04'12” N, 94°17'30" W, elev 210-220 ft, 20 Sep
1988, Orzell & Bridges 8352 (TEX); Upper slope hillside seepage bog 0.4 air
mi W of FS Rd 302A at a point ca 1.3 mi S of FS Rd 302, ca 0.6 air mi N of
Jasper Co line, on slope N of tributary to Big Creek, ca 10 mi SE of Zavalla,
Angelina NF, Boykin Spring 7.5’ Quad, 31°04'20" N, 94°17'45” W, elev 210-
240 ft, 26 Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8325 (TEX). Jasper Co: Lower slope
hillside seepage bog ca 1.5 mi SW of Harveytown (Letney), ca 2 mi NNW
of Ebenezer, Angelina NF, Ebenezer 7.5’ Quad, 31°03'54” N, 94°10’06" W,
12 Aug 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5677 (GA, SMU, TEX); Common in areas of
copious seepage and on roadside cut through seepage bog on N side FS Rd
314, 3.9 mi E of US 69, 0.2 mi W of int FS Rd 330, Boykin Spring 7.5’ Quad,
18 Jun 1986, Orzell & Bridges 4345 (MO, SMU, TEX), 24 Jul 1986, Orzell &
Bridges 4519 (ASTC, GA, NCU, SMU, TAMU, TEX, VDB); Occasional on
saturated sand on S side of eroded roadbed crossing of hillside seepage bog on E
side of Millstead Branch, W of Boykin Spring Recreation Area, Boykin Spring
7.5’ Quad, Angelina NF, 24 Jul 1986, Orzell & Bridges 4522 (SMU, TEX);

52 PHY TOLOGIA volume 66(1):12-69 April 1989

Occasional in numerous hillside seepage bogs within pipeline right-of-way SW
of R255, just E of Rayburn Country, McGee Bend 7.5’ Quad, 25 Jul 1986, Orzell
& Bridges 4527(NY, SMU, TEX); Common on exposed seepage saturated sand
in upper steep slope hillside seepage bog with sandstone outcrops on tributary
of Rock Creek, ca 4 mi E of Browndell (E on FM 1007 for 1.8 mi, then left fork
1.3 mi, right fork 0.2 mi, & left fork 0.4 mi), on property of Mr. Paul Grubbs,
Little Rocky Nature Preserve, Harrisburg 7.5’ Quad, 31°06'45" N, 93°55'48”
W, elev 280-310 ft, 6 Aug 1986, Orzell & Bridges 4673 (TEX); Upper slope
hillside seepage bog ESE of FS Rd 313A, ca 1.4 mi W of FS Rd 313, on slopes
above unnamed tributary draining S to Boykin Spring Lake, ca 9.7 air mi SE
of Zavalla, Angelina NF, Boykin Spring 7.5’ Quad, 31°04'09” N, 94°16'49”
W, elev 230-250 ft, 13 Jul 1988, Orzell 7390 (TEX), 26 Aug 1988, Orzell &
Bridges 8280 (MO, NCU, SMU, TEX, VDB). Newton Co: Lower slope hillside
seepage bogs in grazed and periodically burned slash pine plantation (ca 20
years old) on E side of East Prong McKim Creek and W of gravel rd, from
1.5-1.7 mi N of county road int at BM 532 on topo, 31°06/24" N, 93°53'24”
W, Harrisburg 7.5’ Quad, 13 Aug 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5687 (SMU, TEX);
Extensive high hillside seepage bog, frequently burned, along SW facing slope
along tributary to Wet Hurricane Creek, in area known as “Scrappin’ Valley,”
Hurricane Creek 7.5’ Quad, 31°08'15"” N, 93°48'07" W, 13 Aug 1987, Orzell
& Bridges 5701 (SMU, TEX); Upper slope hillside seepage bog on W to SW
facing slope along Dry Hurricane Creek, in area known as “Scrappin’ Valley,”
Hurricane Creek 7.5’ Quad, 31°08'00" N, 93°48'43” W, 13 Aug 1987, Orzell &
Bridges 5703 (TEX). Additional collections: TX: Jasper Co: Hillside seepage
area along FR 314 ca 0.5 mile west of intersection with FR 330 in the Angelina
NF, 16 Aug 1986, L.E. Brown 10645, in part (SBSC) (mostly X. difformis var.
curtissii with one plant of X. drummondii, det. E.L. Bridges, Feb 1987.

Xyris drummondit is most often found in hillside seepage bogs where seep-
age has created exposures of wet fine sand (Kral 1983) or peaty sand. The
Texas sites are exclusively on the Catahoula Formation (Miocene), in hill-
side seepage bogs formed where groundwater emerges from a sandy residuum
at its contact with an impervious layer of tuffaceous sandstone or siltstone.
The Louisiana sites reported are from seepage bogs formed at the contact
of the Willis and Bentley Formations (Quaternary) with underlying strata or
stream valleys. Species most frequently (at at least five of the sites reported)
closely associated with X. drummondii are Burmannia capitata, Drosera capil-
laris, Eriocaulon tezense, Lycopodium appressum, L. carolinianum, Marshallia
tenutfolia, Polygala ramosa, Rhynchospora gracilenta, R. oligantha, Sarracenia
alata, Xyris baldwiniana and X. difformis var. curtissii. This small, distinctive
Xyris was as recently as 1956 known only from the type locality. The intensive
collecting of Kral (1960, 1966b, 1966c) resulted in many additional localities
for X. drummondit, mostly in a narrow band along the central Gulf Coast
from Tallahassee, Florida to Gulfport, Mississippi, with an outlying station in
southeastern Georgia. Since then, X. drummondiit has been found in a hillside

Bridges & Orzell: Noteworthy collections in Texas & Louisiana 53

seepage bog on the Catahoula Formation in Natchitoches Par, Louisiana, dis-
junct from southern Mississippi (Kral 1983). Our collections add Vernon and
Beauregard parishes to the Louisiana range. Our Texas collections and the
L.E. Brown collection uncovered in our examination of Texas Xyris extend the
West Gulf Coastal Plain disjunct range for the species westward around 120
km into southeast Texas and 470 km from the main range in the East Gulf
Coastal Plain. Kral (1966) considers X. drummondii to be “most commonly
a part of the hillside bogs so common to the rolling, longleaf pine country of
northwest Florida above the lowest terraces.” The West Gulf Coastal Plain
sites also fit this landscape description.

Several other species of Xyris also occur in hillside seepage bogs in Louisiana
and Texas, but usually with some microhabitat separation. Xyris ambigua is
the most conspicuous and widespread Xyris in these sites, occurring through-
out the graminoid matrix. Xyris scabrifolia occurs both in seepage areas and
in partial shade near the downslope edges of bogs. Xyris difformis var. curtis-
sii, although present in smaller numbers under the taller graminoids, is more
common and evident in the finer growth of Rhynchospora oligantha charac-
teristic in areas of emerging seepage. Xyris baldwiniana is also common in
these seepage areas, becoming abundant on exposed saturated sands. Xyris
drummondii seems to be the most seepage dependent of these Xyris species.
Under natural conditions, X. drummondii occurs only where nearly constant
seepage results in substrate saturation and instability, with much exposed soil
surface and generally short (less than 10 cm tall) vegetation. We have found
this species both in natural occurrences of this habitat and where disturbances
such as soil surface scraping has removed the denser graminoid cover in road
and pipeline right-of-way crossings of copious seepage areas. In these cases, the
source of the seepage must not be altered, as X. drummondi seems to require
a constantly saturated substrate not subject to flooding and supporting little
other vegetation. Of the other species of Xyris in Texas, we have found only
three others in these hillside bogs, Xyris platylepis and X. torta are rare in only
a few locations and X. jupicai is found in disturbed areas, particularly where
sheet wash has occurred.

XYRIS FIMBRIATA Ell. (Xyridaceae). LA: Calcasieu Par: SWQ, Sec 35,
T8S, ROW, Deep open flatwoods ponds on S side of Cypress Lake Dr, from
0.1-0.4 mi W of Sutherland Rd, ca 1 mi N of end of LA Spur 378, Buhler 7.5’
Quad, 30°19/13” N, 93°15'45" W, 25 Jul 1988, Orzell & Bridges 7407 (NLU,
TEX). TX: Hardin Co: Large graminoid dominated flatwoods pond on NW
side of logging rd at BM 88 on topo, ca 0.5 mi S of Beaumont Creek, 3.2 mi N of
FM 418, Kountze North 7.5’ Quad, 30°75'30” N, 94°18'45” W, 18 Aug 1987,
Orzell, Bridges, & G. Watson 5778 (ASTC, DUKE, FLAS, FSU, GA, GH,
LSU, MISSA, MO, NCU, NLU, NY, PH, SBSC, SMU, TAES, TAMU, TENN,
TEX, US, VDB + 5 sheets); Large graminoid dominated flatwoods pond 0.3
mi S of dirt rd, 2.1 mi E of end of FR 420, 5.8 mi E of US 69, Kountze North
7.5’ Quad, 30°26'56"” N, 94°18'53"" W, 25 Sep 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5805

54 PHY TOLOGIA volume 66(1):12-69 April 1989

(GA, NCU, SMU, TEX, VDB); Open blackwater sloughs in sandhills ca 0.5
mi N of Village Creek and 1 mi NE of FR 420, near McNeely Lake, Kountze
North 7.5’ Quad, 30°28'12"” N, 94°18'55" W, 18 Aug 1987, Orzell & Bridges,
& G. Watson 5775 (MO, NCU, SMU, TEX, VDB); Common in graminoid
dominated shallow wind deflation pond on an interstream sand ridge ca 1.5 mi
SW of TX 418 and FM 1122, ca 0.6 mi S of TX 418 and 0.4 mi N of AT &
SF railroad, Deserter Baygall 7.5’ Quad, 19 Sep 1986, Orzell, Bridges, & G.
Watson 4764 (ASTC, FLAS, FSU, LSU, MO, NCU, NLU, SMU, TAES, TEX,
VDB); Deep, peat based pond on riverine sand ridge on N side of railroad,
ca 0.5 mi E of Village Creek and 0.8 mi S of FM 418, ca 4 mi E of Kountze,
Alligator Grass Lake, Roy E. Larsen Sandylands Sanctuary, Kountze North 7.5’
Quad, 30°23'02" N, 94°15'20” W, elev 48 ft, 23 Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges
8199 (SMU, TEX). Jasper Co: Large open graminoid dominated flatwoods
pond N of dirt road, 2.4 mi E of LeVerte, 2.9 mi E of US 96, 7 mi N of TX
62 at Buna, Call Junction 7.5’ Quad, 30°32/00” N, 94°54'00” W, 15 Oct 1987,
Orzell & Bridges 5926 (NCU, SMU, TEX), 23 Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8175
(DUKE, FSU, GA, MO, NCU, SMU, TEX, VDB). Newton Co: Intermediate
to deep open flatwoods ponds in pine plantations, N of TX 253 on gravel rd 2.6
mi W of jet TX 87, Sudduth Bluff 7.5’ Quad, 30°25'50" N, 93°50'40” W, elev
47 ft, 26 Sep 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8569 (NCU, SMU, TEX, VDB). Tyler
Co: Intermediate depth flatwoods pond N of gravel rd, 3.9 mi W of TX 92 at
a point 1 mi N of Fred, E of Drakes Branch and W of Spring Branch, Fred 7.5’
Quad, 30°35'37" N, 9491355" W, elev 124 ft, 26 Sep 1988, Orzell & Bridges
8590 (DUKE, MO, NCU, NLU, SMU, TEX, VDB). Additional collections:
TX: Hardin Co: Sandylands Preserve, TNC, 3 km W of Silsbee, pond, 25 Sep
1982, Matos & Rudolph 969 (ASTC); Sandylands Preserve, TNC, 3 km W
of Silsbee, Area 4, Sphagnum bog, Comm 4, 3 Oct 1982, Matos et al. 1049
(ASTC).

Xyris fimbriata is found in open, graminoid dominated flatwoods ponds
on the Beaumont, Montgomery and Bentley Formations (Quaternary). The
soils of these sites are mapped as Typic Fragiaqualfs and Typic Glossaqualfs,
although histic soils occur at some sites. Frequent associates include Aristida
affinis, Bacopa caroliniana, Carez verrucosa, Centella asiatica, Cephalanthus
occidentalis, Cyrilla racemiflora, Eleocharis equisetoides, E. tuberculosa, Erio-
caulon compressum, Fuirena breviseta, Gratiola brevifolia, Hydrolea ovata, Hy-
pericum galioides, Juncus repens, Ludwigia sphaerocarpa, Lycopodium appres-
sum, Myrica cerifera, Nymphaea odorata, Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora, Ozypolis
filiformis, Panicum hemitomon, Pluchea rosea, Proserpinaca pectinata, Rhyn-
chospora cephalantha, R. corniculata, R. filifolia, R. latifolia, R. perpleza, R.
tracyt, Scleria baldwini1, Sphagnum macrophyllum, Styraz americana, Utricu-
laria gibba, Xyris iridifolia and X. smalliana.

Xyris fimbriata is one of the tallest and most semi-aquatic of all United
States Xyris species, preferring cypress domes, gum swamps and flatwoods
ponds through much of its range (Kral 1960, 1966b). It is found primarily

Bridges & Orzell: Noteworthy collections in Texas & Louisiana 55

on the south Atlantic and East Gulf Coastal Plain from southeast Virginia
to central Florida and west to southern Mississippi (Kral 1966b). The first
Louisiana report was by Thieret (1967) from St. Tammany Par and our col-
lection is the second parish record for this species. Disjunct populations also
occur in the New Jersey pine barrens and in flatwoods ponds in the Ridge
and Valley Province of Georgia and Alabama and the Eastern Highland Rim
of Tennessee. The cited collections are apparently the first for the West Gulf
Coastal Plain and disjunct over 400 km from the nearest locations in southeast
Louisiana. The ASTC specimens had been misidentified as other Xyris species
until our annotation.

XYRIS PLATYLEPIS Chapm. (Xyridaceae). LA: Beauregard Par: High
hillside seepage bogs in longleaf pine savannah on timber roads ca 3 mi E and
1.2 mi N of Merryville, N of railroad and S of Bridge Creek, SH, NWQ, Sec
28, T3S, R11W, Merryville North 7.5’ Quad, 30°46'31” N, 93°30/05” W, elev
120-150 ft, 11 Jun 1988, Orzell, Bridges, & P. Sheridan 7240 (TEX). Vernon
Par: Large open hillside seepage bog just NW of int FS Rds 405-1, 405, 445,
and 408, ca 10 mi SE of Pickering and 10 mi WNW of Cravens, in area known
as “Cravens Bog,” Kisatchie NF, NEQ, SEQ, Sec 12, T1S, R8W, Sugartown
NW 7.5’ Quad, 30°59/27” N, 93°08'10" W, elev 220-250 ft, 14 Aug 1987, Orzell
& Bridges 5735 (NLU, SMU, TEX), Orzell & Bridges 5739 (TEX). TX: Jasper
Co: Rocky spring fed margins of Hog Creek, upstream (E) of main logging rd
and N of pipeline crossing, ca 2.5 mi S of R255 at Rayburn Country, ca 10
mi NW of Jasper, McGee Bend 7.5’ Quad, 31°02'08” N, 94°03/16” W, elev
160-200 ft, 22 Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8144 (NCU, SMU, TEX, VDB).
Newton Co: Sandy wet stream bank along intermittent tributary of South
Prong Creek, in area known as “Scrappin’ Valley,” Hurricane Creek 7.5’ Quad,
31°08'37" N, 93°46'15” W, elev 310 ft, 17 Sep 1986, Orzell, Bridges, & G.
Watson 4752 (SMU, TEX), 13 Aug 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5712 (NCU, SMU,
TEX), Orzell & Bridges 5713A (GA, TEX, VDB); Upper edges of acid seep
forest in ravine just W of arm of Toledo Bend Res, reached by dirt road E
from FS Rd 196, Sabine NF, Fairmount 7.5’ Quad, 31°09/20” N, 93°38/21”
W, elev 180-200 ft, 14 Oct 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5910 (SMU, TEX). Sabine
Co: Small, low hillside seepage bog on W facing slope of upper reaches of W-
most of two major ravines S of FS Rd 196, Sabine NF, Fairmount 7.5’ Quad,
31°11'24" N, 93°38'16" W, elev 300 ft, 14 Oct 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5906
(SMU, TEX). Additional collections: TX: Tyler Co: Meadow along stream
feeding Hyatt Lake about 1.5 mi S of Warren, 14 Oct 1966, D.S. Correll 34034
(TEX) (Det: E.L. Bridges, 1987).

Xyris platylepis seems to be an uncommon species in the West Gulf Coastal
Plain, but with a wide range of habitat preferences. Our Texas collections are
all from the Catahoula Formation (Miocene), in a hillside seepage bog, on
gravel bars and streamsides of a small, rocky spring fed creek, along banks ofa
sandy spring fed creek and at the upper edges of an acid seep forest. In these
habitats it occurs with few or no other Xyris species and with different asso-

56 PHY TOLOGIA volume 66(1):12-69 April 1989

ciates at each site. Historical sites in Texas also occurred on the Bentley and
Willis Formations (Quaternary). Our Louisiana sites are from transitional ar-
eas between hillside seepage bogs and the surrounding longleaf pine savannahs
on escarpments of the Bentley and Willis Formations (Quaternary), generally
on drier, finer-textured soil than other Xyris species at these sites.

Kral (1966b) reports this species, primarily of the South Atlantic and East
Gulf Coastal Plain, from Natchitoches and Vernon Pares, Louisiana. Later, he
reported Xyris platylepis (Kral 1973) from a seepage area in Jasper Co, Texas.
To our knowledge, the cited collections represent the only other Texas locations.
A search of probable sites of the Kral collection did not reveal any X. platylepis
there in 1986 or 1988. This species is represented for western Louisiana by
specimens from Sabine and Vernon parishes at LSU and NLU. Throughout its
main range, X. platylepis is somewhat weedy and not as restricted to seepage
areas as many other species and can flourish on moist sites with no surface
water (Kral 1966b). While common further east, we suspect that this species
is uncommon in Louisiana and Texas.

XYRIS SCABRIFOLIA Harper (Xyridaceae). LA: Beauregard Par: High
hillside seepage bog on S facing slope below timber road, ca 3 mi E and 1.2 mi N
of Merryville, 0.3 mi N of railroad and S of Bridge Creek, center of NH, SWQ,
Sec 28, T3S, R11W, Merryville North 7.5’ Quad, 30°46'17” N, 93°30/01” W,
elev 130-140 ft, 26 Jul 1988, Orzell & Bridges 7484 (MO, NCU, NLU, SMU,
TEX, VDB), Orzell & Bridges 7485 (NLU, TEX). Vernon Par: NEQ, SEQ,
Sec 12, T1S, R8W, Large open hillside seepage bog known as “Cravens Bog,”
just NW of int FS Rds 405-1, 405, 445 and 408, Sugartown NW 7.5’ Quad,
30°59/27" N, 93°08'10" W, Kisatchie NF, 14 Aug 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5742
(NLU, TEX); SEQ, NEQ, Sec 14, T1S, R8W, hillside seepage bog on S side
FS Rd 405-1, 0.3 mi E of int FS Rds 400 & 471, Sugartown NW 7.5’ Quad,
30°58'50” N, 93°09'05”" W, Kisatchie NF, 14 Aug 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5724
(NLU, TEX); EH, NEQ, SEQ, Sec 9, TIN, R11W, Upper edge of acid seep
forest on N side of Pearl Creek, on E side LA 111, 0.5 mi N of LA 8, Burr
Ferry 7.5’ Quad, 31°04'36” N, 93°29'20"” W, 13 Aug 1987, Orzell & Bridges
5715 (TEX); NEQ, NWQ, Sec 32, T2N, R10W, Hillside seepage bog on W
facing ravine slope on N side LA 8, opposite int Vernon Par Rd #15, 1.85 mi
W of int LA 464, Burr Ferry 7.5’ Quad, 31°06'47" N, 93°25'00"” W, 13 Aug
1987, Orzell & Bridges 5722 (NLU, TEX). TX: Angelina Co: Upper slope
hillside seepage bog E of FS Rd 313, 0.7 mi S of FS Rd 302, Boykin Spring
7.5’ Quad, 31°04'45" N, 94°16/03" W, elev 300-340 ft, 10 Aug 1987, Orzell
& Bridges 5607 (FSU, GA, MO, NCU, SMU, TEX, VDB); Mid-slope hillside
seepage bog on SW side of US 63, ca 0.5 mi N of Jasper Co line, just S of
int FS Rd 347, Angelina NF, Ebenezer 7.5’ Quad, 31°04'46" N, 9491433”
W, elev 280-300 ft, 10 Aug 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5601 (NCU, SMU, TEX,
VDB); Hillside seepage bog on SW side of TX 63, 0.2 mi N of Jasper Co line,
Angelina NF, Ebenezer 7.5’ Quad, 31°04'46" N, 94°14'33” W, elev 280-300 ft,
22 Sep 1986, Orzell & Bridges 4780 (TEX), 10 Aug 1987, Orzell & Bridges

Bridges & Orzell: Noteworthy collections in Texas & Louisiana 57

5602 (TEX); Mid-slope hillside seepage herb bog, SW of FS Rd 313 & 313A,
N of Boykin Spring Lake and Recreation Area, Angelina NF, Boykin Spring
7.5’ Quad, 31°04'12’ N, 94°16'40" W, elev 270 ft, 10 Aug 1987, Orzell &
Bridges 5610 (SMU, TEX), 26 Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8294 (NCU, TEX);
Steep upper slope hillside seepage bog N of FS Rd 314, 1.7 mi E of US 69, on
SE facing slope, Angelina NF, Upland Island WA, Boykin Spring 7.5’ Quad,
31°03'15" N, 94°22'20"” W, elev 200 ft, 24 Jul 1986, Orzell & Bridges 4508
(TEX), 11 Aug 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5631 (SMU, TEX); Small, open gently
sloping hillside seepage bog NW of FS Rd 328A (closed), ca 1.7 mi E of US 69,
N of FS Rd 314, Upland Island WA, Angelina NF, Boykin Spring 7.5’ Quad,
31°03/27" N, 94°22'20” W, elev 200 ft, 11 Aug 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5636
(SMU, TEX); Steep (30-40%) upper slope hillside seepage bog 0.7 mi N of
FS Rd 314, ca 1.7 mi E of US 69, SE of FS Rd 328A (closed), Angelina NF,
Upland Island WA, Boykin Spring 7.5’ Quad, 31°03'30" N, 94°22'12" W, elev
240-250 ft, 16 Sep 1986, Orzell & Bridges 4741 (TEX), 11 Aug 1987, Orzell
& Bridges 5633 (TEX); Upper slope hillside seepage bog SW of FS Rd 330
(closed), ca 1 mi S of FS Rd 338, on SW facing slope, Angelina NF, Upland
Island WA, Boykin Spring 7.5’ Quad, 31°03/47” N, 94°21'13” W, elev 220-
230 ft, 11 Aug 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5619 (SMU, TEX); Mid-slope hillside
seepage bog SW of FS Rd 330 (closed), ca 1 mi S of FS Rd 338, on SW facing
slope, Angelina NF, Upland Island WA, Boykin Spring 7.5’ Quad, 31°03'35"
N, 94°21'00” W, elev 200-210 ft, 11 Aug 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5627 (NCU,
SMU, TEX, VDB); Upper slope seepage area SE of FS Rd 313A, 1.2 mi W
of jct FS Rd 313, on upper slopes of tributary draining S to Boykin Spring
Recreation Area, ca 9.7 air miles SE of Zavalla, Angelina NF Boykin Spring
7.5’ Quad, 31°04'16" N, 94°16'46" W, elev 250-270 ft, 26 Aug 1988, Orzell
& Bridges 8290 (SMU, TEX); Lower slope seepage area ca 0.3 mi W on FS
Rd 313A from FS Rd 313, above headwaters of unnamed tributary draining S
to Boykin Spring Lake, ca 9.7 air miles SE of Zavalla, Angelina NF, Boykin
Spring 7.5’ Quad, 31°04'41” N, 94°16'24"” W, elev 310-320 ft, 26 Aug 1988,
Orzell & Bridges 8299 (TEX); Mid-slope hillside seepage bog ca 0.8 mi W on
FS Rd 313A from FS Rd 313, vicinity of headwaters of unnamed tributary to
Boykin Spring Lake, ca 9.7 air miles SE of Zavalla, Angelina NF, Boykin Spring
7.5’ Quad, 31°904'37" N, 94°16'40” W, elev 290-320 ft, 26 Aug 1988, Orzell &
Bridges 8305 (NCU, SMU, TEX); Upper slope hillside seepage bog ca 1.6 mi
S of FS Rd 313 & TX 63, near FS Rd 313 & FS Rd 327, then 0.3 air mi W, on
W side of tributary draining S to Boykin Spring Lake, 9.7 air mi SE of Zavalla,
Angelina NF, Boykin Spring 7.5’ Quad, 31°04'23” N, 94°16'23” W, elev 250-
270 ft, 26 Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8313 (GA, SMU, TEX, VDB); Upper
slope hillside seepage bog ca 1.9 mi S on FS Rd 313 from TX 63, then 0.2 air
mi W to W facing slope above tributary draining S to Boykin Spring Lake, ca
9.7 air mi SE of Zavalla, Angelina NF, Boykin Spring 7.5’ Quad, 31°04'17" N,
94°16'24” W, elev 250-260 ft, 26 Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8320 (MO, SMU,
TEX); Upper slope hillside seepage bog 0.4 air miles W of FS Rd 302A at a

58 PHY TOLOGIA volume 66(1):12-69 April 1989

point ca 1.3 mi S of FS Rd 302, ca 0.6 air mi N of Jasper Co line, on slope N
of tributary to Big Creek, ca 10 mi SE of Zavalla, Angelina NF, Boykin Spring
7.5’ Quad, 31°04/20" N, 94°17'45" W, elev 210-240 ft, 26 Aug 1988, Orzell &
Bridges 8328 (SMU, TEX); Mid-slope hillside seepage bog 0.3 mi W of FS Rd
302A, ca 1.1 mi S of FS Rd 302, on SW facing slope of tributary to Big Creek,
ca 9.5 air mi SE of Zavalla, Angelina NF, Boykin Spring 7.5’ Quad, 31°04'37”
N, 94°17/44" W, elev 220-250 ft, 20 Sep 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8339 (SMU,
TEX); Upper slope hillside seepage bog ca 0.4 mi W of FS Rd 302A, 1.2 mi
S of FS Rd 302, on SW facing slope of tributary to Big Creek, ca 9.5 air mi
SE of Zavalla, Angelina NF, Boykin Spring 7.5’ Quad, 31°04'32” N, 94°17'45"
W, elev 200-220 ft, 20 Sep 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8344 (TEX). Jasper Co:
Open hillside seepage bog on N side of FS Rd 314, 3.9 mi E of US 69, 0.2
mi W of int FS Rd 330, Boykin Spring 7.5’ Quad, 31°02'48” N, 94°20'31”
W, elev 150-180 ft, 24 Jul 1986, Orzell & Bridges 4515 (TEX, VDB), 11 Aug
1987, Orzell & Bridges 5630 (FSU, GA, NCU, SMU, TEX); Upper steep slope
hillside seepage bog with sandstone outcrops on tributary of Rock Creek, ca 4
mi E of Browndell (E on FM 1007 for 1.8 mi, then left fork 1.3 mi, right fork 0.2
mi and left fork 0.4 mi), on property of Mr. Paul Grubbs, Little Rocky Nature
Preserve, Harrisburg 7.5’ Quad, 31°06'45” N, 93°55'48” W, elev 280-310 ft,
6 Aug 1986, Orzell & Bridges 4675 (TEX); Upper slope hillside seepage bog
W of FS Rd 330, SW of int FS Rd 330A, WSW of Rockwall Cem, Angelina
NF, Boykin Spring 7.5’ Quad, 31°03'06" N, 94°20/36” W, elev 190-200 ft, 11
Aug 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5628 (SMU, TEX); Hillside seepage bog SW along
pipeline right-of-way from jet R255, 1.7 mi E of FM 1007, just E of Rayburn
Country, McGee Bend 7.5’ Quad, 31°03'24” N, 94°00'35" W, elev 350-360 ft,
12 Aug 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5669 (NCU, SMU, TEX); High hillside seepage
bog along pipeline right-of-way 0.3 mi SW of R255, 1.7 mi E of FM 1007, just
E of Rayburn Country, McGee Bend 7.5’ Quad, 31°03/17" N, 94°00'43” W,
elev 330-350 ft, 12 Aug 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5671 (GA, MO, SMU, TEX);
Mid-slope hillside seepage bog on S side of FM 1007, on N side of crossing of
Little Tiger Creek, McGee Bend 7.5’ Quad, 31°05'45” N, 94°00'54" W, elev
180-190 ft, 12 Aug 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5673 (SMU, TEX); Upper slope
hillside seepage bog ESE of FS Rd 313A, ca 1.4 mi W of FS Rd 313, on slopes
above unnamed tributary draining S to Boykin Spring Lake, ca 9.7 air mi SE
of Zavalla, Angelina NF, Boykin Spring 7.5’ Quad, 31°04'09" N, 94°16/49”
W, elev 230-250 ft, 26 Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8283 (NY, SMU, TEX,
VDB). Newton Co: Extensive high hillside seepage bog, frequently burned,
along SW facing slope along tributary to Wet Hurricane Creek, in area known
as “Scrappin’ Valley,” Hurricane Creek 7.5’ Quad, 31°08'15" N, 93°48/07"
W, elev 300-350 ft, 13 Aug 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5702 (NCU, SMU, TEX,
VDB); Mid-slope hillside seepage bog, overgrown with shrubs, along SW facing
slope of valley of Wet Hurricane Creek, NNE of landing strip in area known as
“Scrappin’ Valley,” Hurricane Creek 7.5’ Quad, 31°07'55" N, 93°47'54” W, elev
320-350 ft, 13 Aug 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5697 (TEX); Upper slope hillside

Bridges & Orzell: Noteworthy collections in Texas & Louisiana 59

seepage bog on W to SW facing slope along Dry Hurricane Creek, in area known
as “Scrappin’ Valley,” Hurricane Creek 7.5’ Quad, 31°08'00" N, 93°48'43” W,
elev 310-330 ft, 13 Aug 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5704 (SMU, TEX); Extensive
mid to upper slope hillside seepage bog in upper reaches of tributary to Wet
Hurricane Creek, in area known as “Scrappin’ Valley,” Hurricane Creek 7.5’
Quad, 31°08'35" N, 93°47'46" W, elev 320-350 ft, 13 Aug 1987, Orzell &
Bridges 5711 (SMU, TEX); Lower slope hillside seepage bog in pine plantation
on E side of East Prong McKim Creek, W of gravel rd from 1.5-1.7 mi N of
Co rd int at BM 532 on topo, Harrisburg 7.5’ Quad, 31°06'24” N, 93°53'24”
W, elev 360-380 ft, 13 Aug 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5690 (MO, SMU, TEX);
Hillside seepage bog, mostly shrub invaded, ca 0.4 mi SE of TX 87 at a point
0.3 mi S of Sabine Co line, on N side of tributary N of Mill Creek and just E
of pipeline right-of-way, Fairmount 7.5’ Quad, 31°09'26” N, 93°43'45” W, elev
370-380 ft, 25 Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8241 (SMU, TEX); Hillside seepage
bog, mostly shrub invaded, ca 0.5 mi E and 0.5 mi S from TX 87 at a point 0.3
mi S of Sabine Co line, on E side of small tributary N of Mill Creek, Fairmount
7.5’ Quad, 31°09'23” N, 93°43'24" W, elev 330-350 ft, 25 Aug 1988, Orzell &
Bridges 8247 (SMU, TEX, VDB); Hillside seepage bog, almost entirely shrub
invaded, ca 2.5 mi E of TX 87 at a point 0.3 mi S of Sabine Co line, at head of
small tributary N of Mill Creek, Fairmount 7.5’ Quad, 31°09'46" N, 93°41'36”
W, elev 300-320 ft, 25 Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8250 (GA, MO, NCU,
SMU, TEX); Acid seep forest and hillside seepage bog ca 2 mi E of TX 87 at
a point 0.3 mi S of Sabine Co line, on W side of valley of tributary N of Mill
Creek, Fairmount 7.5’ Quad, 31°09'47” N, 93°42'03” W, elev 330-350 ft, 25
Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8256 (FSU, NLU, SMU, TEX). Sabine Co: Lower
slope hillside seepage bog in valley of Shingle Branch, east of Fox Hunters Hill,
0.5 mi N of FS Rd 113, 0.5 mi E of TX 87, Sabine NF, Fairmount 7.5’ Quad,
31°11'22” N, 93°43'14” W, elev 270 ft, 12 Aug 1987, Orzell & Bridges 5648
(NCU, SMU, TEX, VDB). Additional collections: TX: Angelina Co: Present
in hillside bog below Hwy 63 at first guardrail south of int with FR 347 of the
Angelina National Forest and just north of Jasper Co line, 3 Aug 1986, L.E.
Brown 10616 (SBSC) [det: E.L. Bridges, Feb. 1987].

Xyris scabrifolia is frequent in hillside seepage bogs on the Catahoula For-
mation (Miocene) or near the contact of the Catahoula and Willis (Quaternary)
Formations in four counties of southeast Texas. In southwestern Louisiana, it
occurs in hillside seepage bogs formed at the contact of the sandy Willis or
Bentley Formations (Quaternary) with underlying clayey Miocene or Quater-
nary strata. Within these sites, X. scabrifolia is found both within open boggy
areas and in partial shade of evergreen shrub thickets, often on hummocks
of Sphagnum sp. Frequently associated species in Louisiana and Texas in-
clude Aletris aurea, Calopogon tuberosus, Centella astatica, Coreopsis linifolta,
Drosera capillaris, Eriocaulon decangulare, E. tezrense, Eryngium integrifolium,
Eupatorium rotundifolium, Fuirena squarrosa, Helianthus angustifolius, Lia-
tris pycnostachya, Lycopodium appressum, Magnolia virginiana, Marshallia

60 PHY TOLOGIA volume 66(1):12-69 April 1989

tenuifolia, Mitreola sessilifolia, Myrica cerifera, M. heterophylla, Osmunda cin-
namomea, O. regalis, Persea borbonia, Pogonia ophtioglossoides, Ptilimnium
costatum, Rhezia mariana, R. petiolata, Rhus verniz, Rhynchospora chalaro-
cephala, R. gracilenta, R. macra, R. oligantha, Rudbeckia scabrifolia, Sarrace-
nia alata, Scleria reticularis, Smilaz laurifolia, Utricularia juncea, Xyris am-
bigua, X. baldwiniana and X. difformis var. curtissit.

This series of records is perhaps the most unusual result of our field surveys
for Xyris in the West Gulf Coastal Plain. Xyris scabrifolia was first collected by
Harper in 1901, on the Piedmont Plateau in Meriwether Co, Georgia (Harper
1903), where it has never again been seen. The next collections of this species
were made in the Florida panhandle, where by 1960 it was known from three
sites in as many counties (Kral 1960). No additional counties are recorded for
this species in Kral (1966b). Kral (1966c) next reported X. scabrifolia as new
to Alabama from Baldwin Co and noted it to be a suspected hybrid. In Kral
(1983) the hybrid question is not mentioned and the species was recorded for
a total of fifteen counties in southern Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi and the
Florida panhandle. Since that time, a few additional records have been added
in southern Mississippi, where we have found it to be a frequent characteristic
species of hillside seepage bogs and sapric deep muck bogs. When we first
collected this species in Texas, we considered it to be a rare disjunct from the
East Gulf Coastal Plain. However, when we began to systematically search our
hillside bog sites, we found it from a total of at least 34 localities in Texas and
five others in Vernon and Beauregard parishes, Louisiana. While annotating
Xyris at Texas herbaria we came across a previously unidentified sheet at SBSC
and recognized it as X. scabrifolia.

Some of our specimens of Xyris scabrifolia are more robust than previous
descriptions of the species would indicate. We found this species to vary greatly
in size, with larger plants tending to occupy partially shaded conditions. Our
specimens have scapes to 120 cm tall, twice the previous maximum length re-
ported for this species (Kral 1983). We also observed some variability in the
time of day when the petal blades are open. From 7:30 to 8:00 AM CDT
on August days the petals were variously open, partially open, or completely
closed, varying both within and between populations. Populations were seen
with all fully open flowers by 10:00 AM, however, on overcast days some flow-
ers had not fully opened by 11:00 AM. Xyris scabrifolia had previously been
reported as having open petal blades only in the afternoon hours (Kral 1983).
All of our specimens have the papillate leaf surfaces, scape surfaces and sub-
orbicular 5 mm long petal blades characteristic of this species. The specimens
with mature seeds all have the narrowly ellipsoidal, relatively long seeds which
distinguish this species. In field examination of thousands of West Gulf Coastal
Plain plants, we found no evidence of hybridization or introgression involving
X. scabrifolia and noted that it generally occurs in the absence of the most
similar species, X. platylepis.

XYRIS SMALLIANA Nash (Xyridaceae). TX: Hardin Co: Deep, peat

Bridges & Orzell: Noteworthy collections in Texas & Louisiana 61

based pond on riverine sand ridge on N side of railroad, ca 0.5 mi E of Village
Creek and 0.8 mi S of FM 418, ca 4 mi E of Kountze, Alligator Grass Lake,
Roy E. Larsen Sandylands Sanctuary, Kountze North 7.5’ Quad, 30°23/02"
N, 94°15'20" W, elev 48 ft, 23 Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8200 (NCU, SMU,
TEX, VDB). Jasper Co: Large open graminoid dominated flatwoods pond N of
dirt road, 2.4 mi E of LeVerte, 2.9 mi E of US 96, 7 mi N of TX 62 at Buna, Call
Junction 7.5’ Quad, 30°32'00” N, 94°54'00” W, 23 Aug 1988, Orzell & Bridges
8174 (GA, MO, SMU, TEX, VDB). Tyler Co: Intermediate depth flatwoods
pond N of gravel rd, 3.9 mi W of TX 92 at a point 1 mi N of Fred, E of Drakes
Branch and W of Spring Branch, Fred 7.5’ Quad, 30°35'37" N, 94°13'55" W,
elev 124 ft, 26 Sep 1988, Orzell & Bridges 8587 (TEX), Orzell & Bridges 8591
(FSU, GA, NCU, SMU, TEX, VDB); Intermediate depth flatwoods pond on S
side of gravel rd, 4.5 mi W of FM 92 at a point ca 1 mi N of Fred, E of Drakes
Branch, Fred 7.5’ Quad, 30°35'28”" N, 94°14'25" W, elev 128 ft, 26 Sep 1988,
Orzell & Bridges 8594 (DUKE, MO, NCU, NLU, NY, SMU, TEX, VDB).

Xyris smalliana is restricted in Texas to open flatwoods ponds on the Bent-
ley and Montgomery Formations (Quaternary). It is most frequently associated
with Bacopa caroliniana, Cephalanthus occidentalis, Cyrilla racemiflora, Eri-
ocaulon compressum, Gratiola brevifolia, Juncus repens, Liquidambar styraci-
flua, Ludwigia sphaerocarpa, Manisuris rugosa, Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora,
Panicum hemitomon, Pluchea rosea, Proserpinaca pectinata, Rhynchospora
cephalantha, R. filifolia, R. perpleza, R. tracyi, Sphagnum macrophyllum, Sty-
raz americana, Utricularia gibba and Xyris fimbriata.

Previous to these collections, the western reported limit of Xyris smalliana
was in George Co in southern Mississippi (Kral 1966b). We have also collected
this species in Stone and Harrison counties in Mississippi. The Texas collec-
tions are disjunct 450 km from these localities. Xyris smalliana is one of the
few Xyris species to reach to northeast United States, ranging as far as Maine
(Kral 1966b). Throughout the southeastern Coastal Plain, it is commonly and
consistently found with X. fimbriata, one of its Texas associates. Although
X. smalliana has been reported from Louisiana (MacRoberts 1984), we con-
sider the source of this report as a probable misidentification. No Louisiana
specimens are at LAF, LSU, or NLU.

DISCUSSION

The species accounts in this paper have described the Texas and Louisiana
range and habitats of individual species and the relation of these to their to-
tal ranges. It is obvious that several of these species fit similar patterns of
habitat preference, overall distribution and type of range extension or disjunc-
tion. Therefore, we will consider the correlations in these patterns between the
species reported in this paper.

Most of the new records in this paper are westward extensions of species
of the eastern or southeastern United States, particularly those ranging on the

62 PHY TOLOGLIA volume 66(1):12-69 April 1989

South Atlantic and East Gulf Coastal Plain. Several of these are found in
wetland habitats primarily on the outer South Atlantic and East Gulf Coastal
Plain. These include Carez verrucosa, Rhynchospora cephalantha, R. chalaro-
cephala, R. tracyi, Xyris fimbriata, X. platylepis and X. smalliana. Several
others were once considered endemic or near endemic to a small area of the
outer Gulf Coastal Plain from the Florida panhandle west to southern Missis-
sippi. These include Lachnocaulon digynum, Polygala crenata, Rhynchospora
stenophylla, Xyris drummondii and X. scabrifolia. Ludwigia microcarpa and
Platanthera integra are found primarily on the Coastal Plain, but have several
isolated localities in the interior southeast. Two species reported here extend
from the southeastern Coastal Plain south into tropical zones. Rhynchospora
divergens is primarily Floridian and West Indian, whereas Scleria verticillata
extends both to South America and north into wetlands of glaciated North
America, particularly near the Great Lakes. The Texas and Louisiana habitats
of all of the above species are very similar to those throughout their southeast
Coastal Plain ranges.

Three additional wetland species are disjunct to Texas from range centers
in the northern United States. Cladium mariscoides is most common in the
extreme northeastern states and is rare in unglaciated territory. Psilocarya
scirpoides seems to be most frequent in the glaciated north central United
States, but has isolated localities in most southeastern states. Both of these
are clearly of Coastal Plain origin, but have apparently been less successful in
persisting there than in spreading to the wetlands of glaciated areas. Carez
bromoides is more widespread in the eastern states, but is uncommon in the
southeast and rare west of the Mississippi River.

The mesic forest species reported here are generally westward range exten-
sions from the eastern or southeastern states. Carez willdenowit and Uvularia
perfoliata are widespread in the eastern and southeastern states, but rare west
of the Mississippi River. Styraz grandifolia is frequent in much of the south-
eastern states and Acer leucoderme ranges mostly on the Piedmont Plateau
and inner Coastal Plain, with extensions into adjacent provinces. Rudbeckia
triloba, Thaspium barbinode and T. trifoliatum are common in much of the east
and east central United States and are found both east and north of Texas,
but are rare calciphiles on the outer Coastal Plain.

Rudbeckia subtomentosa is most common in the central prairie/woodland
border states, occupying a wide range of habitats. Liatris punctata is a species
of the southern Great Plains, widespread in Texas but restricted eastward.
Three species in this paper are endemic or near endemic to the West Gulf
Coastal Plain. Rudbeckia scabrifolia is one of the few such endemics restricted
to the longleaf pine belt. Spiranthes parksti was considered to be endemic to
a small region of the Post Oak Belt, but is disjunct to a similar habitat in
the longleaf pine belt. Cyperus grayioides, although described from Illinois, is
clearly most frequent and abundant in the deep sands of the Post Oak Belt
of Texas and in restricted areas in the pine region of Texas and Louisiana.

Bridges & Orzell: Noteworthy collections in Texas & Louisiana 63

Palafozia tezana var. ambigua (and the species as a whole) is a near endemic
of the Tamaulipan Biotic Province, now extending eastward in the outer West
Gulf Coastal Plain.

It is obvious from the above new records and confirmations of reports from
southeastern Texas and southwestern Louisiana that much work remains in
documenting the diverse flora of the these sections of the states. In particular,
more attention needs to be given to the role of specialized habitats in over-
all floristic diversity and to the more difficult and large families, particularly
monocots. The discovery of three additional species of Xyris in Texas, addi-
tional localities for another known previously from a single site, as well as a
previously undescribed species, Xyris louisianica (Bridges & Orzell 1987), is
particular evidence of the need for specialized and critical collecting. For Yyris
fimbriata, X. scabrifolia, X. smalliana, Lachnocaulon digynum, Rhynchospora
cephalantha, and R. stenophylla the collections reported are not only the first
for Texas, but are also the first confirmed reports of these species from the
West Gulf Coastal Plain and from west of the Mississippi River. One of these
(X. smalliana) is not known to occur in Louisiana, and has its nearest locations
to Texas over 450 km distant in southern Mississippi. The longest disjunction
reported here and the one most likely to represent relictual populations, is that
of Cladium mariscoides, 800 km from the nearest historical record and 1250 km
from the edge of its relatively continuous range. This indicates that the Texas
flora may include other long-disjunct or relictual species and this possibility
should be considered in field and herbarium studies.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank Geraldine Watson, of Silsbee, Texas, who first informed or led
us to the sites of some of these records. Phil Sheridan, Geraldine Watson and
Al Schotz provided assistance in the field. Thanks to curators at ASTC, LAF,
LSU, NLU, SBSC, SMU, TAES, TAMU, and TEX, who facilitated our searches
for specimens and distribution data. Helpful suggestions on this paper were
made by reviewers Guy Nesom and Marshall Johnston. Publication costs were
provided by the Plant Resources Center of the University of Texas at Austin.

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Phytologia (April 1989) 66(1):70-79

NEW OR RESTORED GENERA OF BROMELIACEAE

Lyman B. Smith and W. John Kress
Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

ABSTRACT

New nomenclatural combinations are enumerated in 7 genera of
Bromeliaceae.

KEY WORDS: Bromeliaceae, Neotropics, nomenclature.

In Flora Neotropica Monograph No. 14 (Smith & Downs 1979) the key
to genera required 9 entries to cover the 8 subgenera of Aechmea while the
distinctions were no better than those elsewhere in the key. Consequently it
seems not only logical but also convenient to erect or restore the subgenera
into genera as follows.

PODAECHMEA (Mez) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Lectotype Pironneava
lueddemanniana K. Koch.

P. ferruginea (L.B. Smith) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea fer-
ruginea L.B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 98:5, pl 1, figs 1-3. 1932.

P. galeottii (Baker) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea galeottii
Baker, Handb. Bromel. 51. 1889.

P. lueddemanniana (K. Koch) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Pironneava
lueddemanniana K. Koch, Wochenschr. Gartnerei Pflanzenk. 9:182. 1866.

P. macvaughii (L.B. Smith) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea
macvaughi L.B. Smith, Phytologia 10:481, pl 1, figs 8,9. 1964.

P. mexicana (Baker) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea mezicana
Baker, J. Bot. 17:165. 1879.

LAMPROCOCCUS Beer. Lectotype Lamprococcus fulgens (Brongniart) Beer.

L. brevicollis (L.B. Smith) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea bre-
vicollis L.B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 154:32, pl 3, figs 1,2. 1945.

L. campanulatus (L.B. Smith) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea
campanulata L.B. Smith, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 9:316, fig 61. 1957.

70

Smith & Kress: New combinations in Bromeliaceae Fil

L

L

L

L.

Ss

SS sal Sa Se!

. carvalhoi (E. Pereira & Leme) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea
carvalhoi E. Pereira & Leme in E. Pereira, E.M. C. Leme & I. Penna, Bradea
4(34):267, fig 1, g-l. 1985.

. cathcartii (C.F. Reed & R.W. Read) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym:
Aechmea cathcartiu C.F. Reed & R. W. Read, J. Brom. Soc. 31(2):59, fig 1981.

. farinosus Regel, Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. for 1868: 79. 1869. L. farinosus var.
farinosus.

farinosus var. glomeratus (Beer) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Lam-
prococcus glomeratus Beer, Bromel. 105. 1856.

. farinosus var. discolor (Beer ex Baker) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym:
Aechmea conglomerata var. discolor Beer ex Baker, Handb. Bromel. 53. 1889.

. fulgens (Brongniart) Beer, Bromel. 103. 1856. L. fulgens var. fulgens. Basionym:
Aechmea fulgens Brongniart, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. II. 15:571. 1841.

. fulgens var. discolor Brongniart ex Beer, Bromel. 104. 1856.
. miniatus Beer, Bromel. 104. 1856. L. miniatus var. miniatus.

. miniatus var. discolor Beer, Bromel. 104. 1856.

. pedicellatus (E.M.C. Leme & H.E. Luther) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Ba-
sionym: Aechmea pedicellata Leme & Luther, J. Bromeliad Soc. 38(4):150, fig
4. 1988.

. podanthus (L.B. Smith) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea
podantha L.B. Smith, Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 126:18,203, fig 95. 1955.

. racinae (L.B. Smith) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. JL. racinae var. racinae.
Basionym: Aechmea racinae L.B. Smith, Arq. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo 1:56,
pl 71. 1941.

. racinae var. erectus (L.B. Smith) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym:
Aechmea racinae var. erecta L.B. Smith, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 10:142.
1950.

- racinae var. tubiformis (E. Pereira) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym:
Aechmca racinae var. tubiformis E. Pereira, Bradea 1(18):161. 1972.

- victorianus (L.B. Smith) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. L. victorianus var. vic-
torianus. Basionym: Aechmea victoriana L.B. Smith, Arq. Bot. Estado Sao
Paulo 1:57, pl 73, fig 1. 1941.

. victorianus var. discolor (M.B. Foster) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym:
Aechmea victoriana var. discolor M.B. Foster, Bull. Bromeliad Soc. 5:29, fig
1955.

- warasii (E. Pereira) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea warasii E.
Pereira, Bradea 1(18):160, fig 2. 1972.

. weilbachii (Didrichsen) E. Morren, Belgique Hort. 11:305, fig. 1861. Basionym:
Aechmea weilbachii Didrichsen, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. IV. 2:375. 1854.

PH Y TOL OGIA volume 66(1):70-79 April 1989

ORTGIESIA Regel. Type Ortgiesia tillandsioides Regel.

. alegrensis (Weber) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea alegrensis
Weber, Feddes Repert. 97(3-4):110, fig 11. 1986.

. apocalyptica (Reitz) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea apoca-
lyptica Reitz, Sellowia 14:99, fig 1. 1962.

. bicolor (L.B. Smith) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea bicolor
L.B. Smith, Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 126:12,213, fig 100. 1955.

. blumenavii (Reitz) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. O. blumenavii var. blumenavit
Basionym: Aechmea blumenavii Reitz, Anais Bot. Herb. “Barbosa Rodrigues”
4:21, pl 6. 1952.

. blumenavii var. alba (Reitz) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea
blumenavii var. alba Reitz, Bromeliaceae FI. Illustr. Catar. 1:412. 1983.

. burle-marxii (E. Pereira) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea
burle-marzii E. Pereira, Bradea 2(47):307, fig A. 1979.

. calyculata (E. Morren) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Hoplophytum
calyculatum E. Morren, Belgique Hort. 15:162, pl 11. 1965.

. candida (E. Morren ex Baker) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea
candida E. Morren ex Baker, Handb. Bromel. 41. 1889.

. caudata (Lindman) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. O. caudata forma caudata.
Basionym: Aechmea caudata Lindman, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl.
24(8):29, pl 6, figs 1-9. 1891.

. caudata forma albiflora (Weber & Roeth) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Ba-
sionym: Aechmea caudata forma albiflora Weber & Roeth in W. Weber, Feddes
Repert. 93(5):337. 1982

. coelestis (K. Koch) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. O. coelestis var. coelestis.
Basionym: Hoplophytum coeleste K. Koch, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. for 1856
(App.):6. 1857.

. coelestis var. acutifolia (E. Pereira) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym:
Aechmea coelestis var. acutifolia E. Pereira, Bradea 2(49):322. 1979.

. coelestis var. albo-marginata (M.B. Foster) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Ba-
sionym: Aechmea coelestis var. albo-marginata M.B. Foster, Bull. Bromeliad
Soc. 7:91, fig 1957.

. cylindrata (Lindman) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea cylin-
drata Lindman, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl. III. 24(8):32, pl 8, figs
28-35. 1891.

- gamosepala (Wittmack) Smith & Kress, comb, nov. O. gamosepala var.
gamosepala. Basionym: Aechmea gamosepala Wittmack, Bot. Jahrb. Syst.
13 (Beibl. 29): 3, 13. 1891.

- gamosepala var. nivea (Reitz) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea
gamosepala var. nivea Reitz, Sellowia 14:101. 1962.

. gracilis (Lindman) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea gracilis
Lindman, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl. 24(8):30, pl 6, figs 10-16.
1891.

Smith & Kress: New combinations in Bromeliaceae (ia

O. guaratubensis (E. Pereira) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea
guaratubensis E. Pereira, Bradea 1(25):278. 1972.

O. kertesziae (Reitz) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. O. kertesziae var. kertesziae.
Basionym: Aechmea kertesziae Reitz, Anais Bot. Herb. “Barbosa Rodrigues”
4:24, pl 7-1. 1952.

O. kertesziae var. viridi-aurata (Reitz) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym:
Aechmea kertesziae var. viridi-aurata Reitz, Sellowia 33:55. 1981.

QO. lindenii (E. Morren) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. O. lindenii var. lindenit.
Basionym: Hoplophytum lindenii E. Morren, Belgique Hort. 15:164. 1865.

O. lindenii var. makoyana (Mez) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea
lindenti var. makoyana Mez, Pflanzenreich IV. 32:159. 1934.

O. lymanii (Weber) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea lymanii
Weber, J. Bromeliad Soc. 34(5):202, fig 4. 1984.

O. organensis (Wawra) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea organen-
sis Wawra, Osterr. Bot. Z. 30:116. 1880.

O. pimenti-velosoi (Reitz) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. O. pimenti-velosoi var.
pimenti-velosoi. Basionym: Aechmea pimenti-velosoi Reitz, Anais Bot. Herb.
“Barbosa Rodrigues” 4:26, pl 8. 1952.

O. pimenti-velosoi var. glabra (Reitz) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Aechmea
pimenti-velosoivar. glabra Reitz, Anais Bot. Herb. “Barbosa Rodrigues” 5:256.
1953.

O. recurvata (Klotzsch) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. QO. recurvata var. recurvata.
Basionym: Macrochordium recurvatum Klotzsch, Allg. Gartenzeitung 24:393.
1856.

O. recurvata var. benrathii (Mez) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aech-
mea benrathtt Mez, Feddes Repert. 16:6. 1919.

O. recurvata var. ortgiesii (Baker) Smith & Kress, comb. noy. Basionym: Aech-
mea ortgiesii Baker, J. Bot. 17:236. 1879.

O. seideliana (Weber) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea seideliana
Weber, Feddes Repert. 97(3-4):110, fig 11. 1986.

O. winkleri (Reitz) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea winkleri Reitz,
Bromelia (Sellowia no. 26:) 1:63, pl 1. 1975.

PLATYAECHMEA (Baker) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Type Aechmea dis-

tichantha Lemaire.

P. anomala (L.B. Smith) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea anomala
L.B. Smith, Caldasia 3:237, fig 1945.

P. caesia (E. Morren ex Baker) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea
caesia E. Morren ex Baker, Handb. Bromel. 43. 1889.

P. chantinii (Carriere) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Billbergia chantinii
Carriere, Rev. Hort. 50:112, fig 22. 1878; 52:272, figs 54-56. 1880.

74

1 Pe.

PHY TOLOGIA volume 66(1):70-79 April 1989

. contracta (Martius ex Schultes filzus) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym:

Billbergia contracta Martius ex Schultes filius in Roemer & Schultes, Syst.
7(2):1263. 1830.

. dealbata (E. Morren ex Baker) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea

dealbata E. Morren ex Baker, Handb. Bromel. 58. 1889.

. dichlamidea (Baker) Smith & Kress, comb, nov. P. dichlamidea var. dich-

lamidea. Basionym: Aechmea dichlamidea Baker, J. Bot. 17:133. 1879.

. dichlamidea var. pariaensis (Pittendrigh) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Ba-

sionym: Aechmea dichlamidea var. pariaensis Pittendrigh in L.B. Smith, Phy-
tologia 18:137, pl 1, fig 1. 1969.

. dichlamidea var. trinitensis (L.B. Smith) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Ba-

sionym: Aechmea dichlamidea var. trinitensis L.B. Smith, Proc. Amer. Acad.
Arts (Contr. Gray Herb. # 102) 68:145,185, pl 1, fig 3. 1933.

. distichantha (Lemaire) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. P. distichantha var. dis-

tichantha forma distichantha. Basionym: Aechmea distichantha Lemaire, Jard.
Fleur. 3:pl 269, fig 1853.

distichantha forma albiflora (L.B. Smith) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Ba-
sionym: Aechmea distichantha forma albiflora L.B. Smith, Arq. Bot. Estado
Sao Paulo 1:102. 1943.

. distichantha var. glaziovii (Baker) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym:

Aechmea glaziovii Baker, J. Bot. 17:133. 1879.

. distichantha var. schlumbergeri (E. Morren ex Mez) Smith & Kress, comb.

nov. Basionym: Aechmea distichantha var. schlumbergert E. Morren ex Mez,
Martius, Flora Brasiliensis 3(3): 343. 1892.

. distichantha var. vernicosa (E. Pereira) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym:

Aechmea distichantha var. vernicosa E. Pereira, Bradea 2(47):308. 1979.

. fasciata (Lindley) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. P. fasciata var. fasciata. Ba-

sionym: Billbergia fasciata Lindley, Bot. Reg. 13:pl 1130. 1828.

. fasciata var. flavi-vittata (Reitz) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aech-

mea fasciata var. flavi-vittata Reitz Sellowia 33:55. 1981.

. fasciata var. pruinosa (Reitz) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea

fasciata var. pruinosa Reitz, Sellowia 33:55. 1981.

fasciata var. purpurea (Guillon) Smith & Kress, comb. noy. Basionym: Bill-
bergia rhodocyanea var. purpurea Guillon, Rev. Hort. 55:453. 1883.

. flavo-rosea (E. Pereira) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea flavo-

rosea E. Pereira, Bradea 2(49):321, fig (p. 323). 1979.

. moorei (Luther) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea moorei Luther,

J. Brom. Soc. 30(4):176, fig. 1980.

. retusa (L.B. Smith) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea retusa

L.B. Smith, Phytologia 10:484, pl 4, figs 3-5. 1964.

- romeroi (L.B. Smith) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea romero

L.B. Smith, Phytologia 5:282, pl 1, figs 4-6. 1955.

Smith & Kress: New combinations in Bromeliaceae 75

P. serrata (L.) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Tillandsia serrata L., Species
Plantarum 286. 1753.

P. smithiorum (Mez) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea smithiorum
Mez, DC. Monogr. Phan. 9:246. 1896.

P. tessmannii (Harms) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea tessmannii
Harms, Bot. Gart. Berlin 9:1153. 1927.

P. tillandsioides (Martius ex Schultes filius) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. P. tilland-
sioides var. tillandsioides. Basionym: Billbergia tillandsioides Schultes f. in
Roemer & Schultes, Syst. 7(2):1269. 1830.

P. tillandsioides var. kienastii (E. Morren ex Mez) Smith & Kress, comb. nov.
Basionym: Aechmea kienastii E. Morren ex Mez, DC. Monogr. Phan. 9:243.
1896.

P. wittmackiana (Regel) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Quesnalia witt-
mackiana Regel, Gartenflora 37:497, pl 1281, fig 2. 1888.

P. zebrina (L.B. Smith) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea zebrina
L.B. Smith, Phytologia 4:358, pl 2, figs, 1,2. 1953.

POTHUAVA Gaudich. Lectotype Bromelia nudicaulis L.

P. aciculosa (Mez & Sodiro) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea
aciculosa Mez & Sodiro, Bull. Herb. Boissier II. 4:620. 1904.

P. allenii (L.B. Smith) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea allenii
L.B. Smith, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28:411, pl 19. 1941.

P. alopecurus (Mez) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea alopecurus
Mez, Mart. Flora Brasiliensis 3(3):367. 1892; emend. E. Pereira & Leme, J.
Bromeliad Soc. 35(5):215. 1985.

P. bocainensis (E. Pereira & Leme) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aech-
mea bocainensis E. Pereira & Leme, Revista Brasil. Biol. 45(4):634, fig 2.
1985.

P. drakeana (André) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea drakeana
André, Rev. Hort. 60:401. 1888.

P. fraseri (Baker) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea fraseri Baker,
Handb. Bromel. 61. 1889.

P. guaraparaiensis (E. Pereira & Leme) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym:

Aechmea guaraparaiensis E. Pereira & Leme, Brasil Florestal 59:49, photo 1,2
& detail. 1984.

P. involucrata (André) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea involu-
crata André, Enum. Bromel. 4. 13 Dec 1888 Rev. Hort. 60:564. 16 Dec
1888.

P. kleinii (Reitz) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea kleinii Reitz,
Anais Bot. Herb. “Barbosa Rodrigues” 5:254, pl 1. 1954.

76

P.

PHYTOL OGIA volume 66(1):70-79 April 1989

. mariae-reginae (H. Wendland) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea

mariae-reginae H. Wendland, Hamburger Garten.-Blumenzeitung 19:32. 1863.
(staminate).

. nudicaulis (L.) Regel, Gartenflora 31:291. 1882. P. nudicaulis var. nudicaulis

Basionym: Bromelia nudicaulis L., Species Plantarum 286. 1753.

. nudicaulis var. aequalis (L.B. Smith & Reitz) Smith & Kress, comb. nov.

Basionym: Aechmea nudicaulis var. aequalis L.B. Smith & Reitz, Phytologia
8:506. pl 3, fig 11. 1963.

. nudicaulis var. aureo-rosea (Antoine) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym:

Hoplophytum aureo-roseum Antoine, Wiener Ill. Gart.-Zeitung 6-97, pl 1 1881.
nudicaulis var. cuspidata (Baker) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym:
Aechmea nudicaulis var. cuspidata Baker, J. Bot. 17:234. 1879.

nudicaulis var. flavo-marginata (E. Pereira) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Ba-
sionym: Aechmea nudicaulis var. flavo-marginata E. Pereira, Bradea 2(7):31.
1975.

nudicaulis var. simulans (E. Pereira) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym:
Aechmea nudicaulis var. simulans E. Pereira, Bradea 2(25):174. 1977.

. nudicaulis var. tabuleirensis (Reitz) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym:

Aechmea nudicaulis var. tabuleirensis Reitz, Sellowia 33:55. 1981.

. ornata (Baker) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. P. ornata var. ornata. Basionym:

Aechmea ornata Baker, J. Bot. 17:162. 1879.

ornata var. hoehneana (L.B. Smith) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym:
Aechmea ornata var. hoehneanaL.B. Smith, Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 126:17,
224, fig 104. 1955.

. ornata var. nationalis (Reitz) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea

ornata var. nationalis Reitz, Anais Bot. Herb. “Barbosa Rodrigues” 4:30. 1952.

. pectinata (Baker) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea pectinata

Baker, J. Bot. 17:233. 1879.

. pineliana (Brongniart ex Planchon) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. P. pineliana

var. pineliana. Basionym: Echinostachys pineliana Brongniart ex Planchon,
Hort. Donat. 25. 1854-58.

. pineliana var. minuta (M.B. Foster) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym:

Aechmea pineliana var. minuta M.B. Foster, Bull. Bromeliad Soc. 11:96, fig
1966.

. roberto-anselmii (E. Pereira & Leme) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym:

Aechmea roberto-anselmii E. Pereira & Leme, J. Bromeliad Soc. 35(4):171, fig
back cover. 1985.

. squarrosa (Baker) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea squarrosa

Baker, Handb. Bromel. 63. 1889.

subpetiolata (L.B. Smith) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea
subpetiolata L.B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 124:8, pl 3. 1939.

tonduzii (Mez & Pittier ex Mez) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aech-
mea tonduziit Mez & Pittier ex Mez, Bull. Herb. Boissier II. 3:132. 1903.

Smith & Kress: New combinations in Bromeliaceae 77

P. triticina (Mez) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. P. triticina var. triticina. Basionym:
Aechmea triticina Mez, Martius Flora Brasiliensis 3(3):369. 1892.

P. triticina var. capensis (L.B. Smith) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym:
Aechmea triticina var. capensis L.B. Smith, Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 126:19,
223. 1955.

P. vanhouteana (Van Houte) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Echinos-
tachys vanhouteana Van Houte, Catal. 1878.

P. weberbaueri (Harms) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea weber-
baueri Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 14:330. 1939; emend. Rauh.

MACROCHORDION De Vriese. Type Bromelia tinctoria Martius.
M. alba (Mez) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea alba Mez, Martius
Flora Brasiliensis 3(3):375. 1892.

M. bromeliifolia (Rudge) Beer, Bromel. 146. 1856. Basionym: Tillandsza bromelt-
ifolia Rudge, Pl. Guian. 32, pl 50. 1807.

M. chlorophylla (L.B. Smith) Smith & Kress, comb. noy. Basionym: Aechmea
chlorophylla L.B. Smith, Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 126:14,227, fig 107. 1955.

M. kautskyana (E. Pereira & L.B. Smith) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym:
Aechmea kautskyana E. Pereira & L.B. Smith, in E. Pereira, Bradea 3(7):46,
fig, pl (p 49). 1980.

M. lamarchei (Mez) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea lamarchei
Mez, Martius Flora Brasiliensis 3(3):370. 1892.

M. maculata (L.B. Smith) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea mac-
ulata L.B. Smith, Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 126:15,227, fig 107. 1955.

M. nervata (L.B. Smith) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea nervata
L.B. Smith, Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 126:17,224, fig 105. 1955.

M. pabstii (E. Pereira & Moutinho) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aech-
mea pabstii E. Pereira & Moutinho, Bradea 3(12):86, pl IB, photo. 1980.

M. triangularis (L.B. Smith) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea
triangularis L.B. Smith, Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 126:19,224, fig 106. 1955.

M. turbinocalyx (Mez) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea turbinoca-
lyz Mez, Martius Flora Brasiliensis 3(3):359. 1892.

CHEVALIERA Gaudich. ex Beer. Lectotype Bromelia fernandae E. Morren.

C. cariocae (L.B. Smith) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea cariocae
L.B. Smith, Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 126:15,228. 1955.

C. castanea (L.B. Smith) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea castanea
L.B. Smith, Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 126:13,228. 1955.

C. conifera (L.B. Smith) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea conifera
L.B. Smith, Arq. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo 1:53, pl 65. 1941.

78

PH Y TOL OGIA volume 66(1):70-79 April 1989

. depressa (L.B. Smith) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea depressa

L.B. Smith, Arq. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo 1:54, pl 66. 1941.

. digitata (L.B. Smith & R.W. Read) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym:

Aechmea digitata L.B. Smith & R.W. Read, Phytologia 33:432, pl 1, figs O,P.
1976.

. fernandae (E. Morren) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Bromelia fer-

nandae E. Morren, Ill. Hort. 18:114, pl 65. 1871.

. germinyana Carriere, Rev. Hort. 53:230, fig 55, pl 1881.

. hostilis (E. Pereira) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea hostilis

E. Pereira, Bradea 1(25):277, pl 3A. 1972.

. itapoana (Till & Morawetz) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea

itapoana Till & Morawetz in Morawetz & W. Till, Pl. Syst. Evol. 138(1-2):147,
fig 1-2. 1981.

. lateralis (L.B. Smith) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea lateralis

L.B. Smith, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 29:525, fig 81. 1954.

. leucolepis (L.B. Smith) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea leu-

colepis L.B. Smith, Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 126:14,228, fig 110. 1955.

. magdalenae André C. magdalenae var. magdalenae. Enum. Bromél. 3:. 13 Dec

1888; Rev. Hort. 60:563. 16 Dec 1888.

. magdalenae var. quadricolor (M.B. Foster) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Ba-

sionym: Aechmea magdalenae var. quadricolor M.B. Foster, Bull. Bromeliad
Soc. 16:27, fig (p 25). 1966.

. microcephala (E. Pereira & Leme) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym:

Aechmea microcephala E. Pereira & Leme, Bradea 4(22):149, fig 1. 1985.

. multiflora (L.B. Smith) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea mul-

tiflora L.B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 117:4, pl 1, figs 1-3. 1937.

. muricata (Arruda da Camara) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Bromelia

muricata Arruda da Camara, Diss. Pl. Brasil. 21. 1810.

. pallida (L.B. Smith) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea pallida

L.B. Smith, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 10(5):40, fig 26. 1964.

. perforata (L.B. Smith) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea perfo-

rata L.B. Smith, Arq. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo 1:55, pl 70. 1941.

. rodriguesiana (L.B. Smith) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Gravisia

rodriguesiana L.B. Smith, Phytologia 13:153, pl 7, figs 18,19. 1966.

. rubiginosa (Mez) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea rubiginosa

Mez, DC. Monogr. Phan. 9:285. 1896.

. saxicola (L.B. Smith) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea sazicola

L.B. Smith, Arq. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo 2:118, pl 48. 1950.

- sphaerocephala (Baker) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea

sphaerocephala Baker, J. Bot. 17:162. 1879.

. strobilacea (L.B. Smith) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea

strobilacea L.B. Smith, Phytologia 6:435, pl 1, figs 13,14. 1954.

Smith & Kress: New combinations in Bromeliaceae 79

C. tayoensis (Gilmartin) Smith & Kress, comb. nov. Basionym: Aechmea tayoen-
sts Gilmartin, Selbyana 5(3-4):308, fig 1981.

C. vettchit (Baker) E. Morren, Belgique Hort. 28:177, pl 9. 1878. Basionym:
Aechmea vertchti Baker, Bot. Mag. 103:pl 6329. 1877.

EXCLUDED SPECIES

Aechmea pitcairnioides = Acanthostachys pitcairnioides (Mez) Rauh.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Reviewers: J.J. Wurdack and D.B. Lellinger.

LITERATURE CITED

Smith, L.B. & R.J. Downs. 1979. Bromelioideae (Bromeliaceae). Flora
Neotropica Monograph No. 14(3), Organization for Flora Neotropica,
New York.

Phytologia (April 1989) 66(1):80-82

Linda K. Escobar
Departamento de Biologia, Universidad de Antioquia,
Apartado Aéreo 1226, Medellin, Colombia
Present address: Plant Resources Center, Department of
Botany, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78713 USA.

ABSTRACT

Recent botanical explorations have uncovered two new species of
Passiflora, here described as P. fernandezii and P. viridescens.
The first is placed in subgenus Passiflora, series Laurifolia, where
it most closely resembles Passiflora riparia, the second in subgenus
Plectostemma, section Decaloba, near Passiflora chelidonea.

KEY WORDS: Passiflora, systematics, South America.

Passiflora fernandezii L. Escobar, sp. nov. TYPE: BOLIVIA. Pando:
Nicolas Suarez: entre Porvenir y Cachuelita, a lo largo de la pista, 19
Jan 1983, J. Ferndndez-Casas & A. Susanna 3341 (holotype NY; isotype
MO).

Passiflora (subgenus Passiflora series Laurifolia) ripariae Masters similis,
sed pubescentia et forma hypanthii differt.

Liana. Plants pubescent, with straight, transparent trichomes ca 0.5 mm
long. Stems angulate, striate, gray-green, sparingly pubescent. Leaf blades
oblong, (3.5-) 5.0-9.4 cm long, (1.4-) 2.5-4.2 cm wide, obtuse then abruptly
acuminate at apex, rounded at base, entire at margins, coriaceous, lustrous,
gray-green, glabrous except for a few scattered trichomes at base on abaxial
surface; petioles 1.2-1.8 cm long, with 2 paired, dark brown cup shaped nec-
taries ca 1 mm diam at mid-poiont on adaxial surface; stipules linear, ca 1
cm long, ca 0.5 cm wide. Peduncles single, 2.1-3.0 cm long; bracts 3, verti-
cillate, ovate. 1.9-2.4 cm long, 1.0-1.4 cm wide, acute to rounded at apex,
cuneate at base, irregularly crenate at margins, with 4-6 dark brown nectaries
scattered along margins above mid-point, densely pubescent; flower stipe ca 2
mm long. Flowers campanulate, ca 6 cm diam, pendant, white; hypanthium
funnelform, 1.6-2.0 cm long, 2.4-2.9 cm wide at apex, 1.0-1.3 cm wide at base,

80

Escobar: Two new species of Passzflora 81

with irregulat rows of filaments 0.5-2.0 mm long in lower 1/2 of inner sur-
face; sepals ovate, 2.6-3.1 cm long, 1.5-2.1 cm wide, rounded at apex, softly
coriaceous, with subapical corniculus ca 2 mm long on abaxial surface; petals
oblong, ca 1.4 cm long, ca 0.7 cm wide, rounded at apex, narrowed at base,
delicately membranaceous; corona in 2 series, filamentous, the outer filaments
ca 6 mm long, ca 0.4 mm wide, the inner ones 2.3-2.5 cm long, ca 1.0 mm
wide, banded with purple; operculum horizontal, nonplicate, membranaceous;
ovary ellipsoidal, densely pubescent. Fruit unknown.

Distribution. This species is known only from the type collection in lowland
Bolivia.

Passiflora fernandezit most closely resembles P. rzparza Masters of subgenus
Passiflora series Laurifolia (Killip 1938), but differs from it by the pubescence
and shape of the hypanthium. Both of these characters are variable in col-
lections ascribed to that species; the type, however, is described as glabrous
(Masters 1872), and the illustration in Flora Brasiliensis depicts a cylindrical
rather than funnelform hypanthium, so that further study of the Passzflora
riparia complex is needed.

Passiflora viridescens L. Escobar, sp. nov. TYPE: PERU. Amazonas:
Prov Chachapoyas: 22 km from Leimebamba on road to Balsas, ca 3000
m, 6°45’ S, 77°48’ W, 4 Feb 1985, B. Stein & C. Todzia 2083 (holotype
MO).

Passiflora (subgenus Plectostemma section Decaloba) chelidoneae Masters
similis morphologia foliarum, sed floribus multo majoribus sine operculo plicato
et corona ligulata irregulari differt.

Herbaceous vine. Plants glabrous with angulate, striate stems. Leaf blades
lanceolate, 12.0-12.8 cm long, 5.0-5.4 cm wide, 3 lobed at apex, with erect,
triangular lateral lobes ca 1 mm long and mid-lobe ca 1 cm long, truncate to
rounded at base, entire at margins, coriaceous; laminar nectaries ocellate, 10-
13, located between major veins on abaxial surface; petioles 1.2-1.3 cm long;
stipules falcate, 5-6 mm long, ca 1 mm wide. Peduncles paired, ca 4.5 cm
long; bracts 3, dissitate, setaceous, 3-5 mm long, ca 0.5 mm wide. Flowers
campanulate, ca 11 cm diam, probably pendant, greenish; hypanthium patel-
liform, ca 2 mm long, sepals narrowly triangular, 5.5 cm long, 1.1 cm wide
at base, membranaceous; petals linear oblong, ca 2.8 cm long, 4-7 mm wide,
membranaceous; corona in 1 irregular series, ligulate, with ligules ca 1.2-1.6
mm long; operculum spreading, lacerate to base, ca 0.7 mm long, membrana-
ceous; ovary ellipsoidal, densely pubescent, with straight tan trichomes ca 0.1
mm long. Fruits unknown.

Distribution. This species is known only from the type collection in the
Ceja de Montana vegetation of Amazonas Department in northern Peru.

This new species is placed in subgenus Plectostemma, section Decaloba with
species which Killip (1938), grouped in series “Punctatae.” In leaf morphology,
Passiflora viridescens resembles P. chelidonea, of the western slopes of the

82 PHY TOLOGIA volume 66(1):80-82 April 1989

Andes in southern Colombia and northern Ecuador. It differs from that species
by the larger flowers with a reduced ligulate corona and nonplicate operculum.

LITERATURE CITED

Killip, E.P. 1938. The American species of Passifloraceae. Pub. Field Mus.
Nat. Hist. Bot. Ser. 19:1-613.

Masters, M.T. 1872. Passifloraceae. in Martius, Flora Brasiliensis, 13(1):599,
pl 116.

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