04! PHYTOLOGIA tb An international journal to expedite plant systematic, phytogeographical and ecological publication Vol. 68 June 1990 No.6 CONTENTS J.T. KARTESZ & K.N. GANDHI, Nomenclatural notes for the North MUM IDUITUCSI GR OEE VL es tls Luts) ito leccdebacetuu sedseah eas 421 *M.H. MACROBERTS & B.R. MACROBERTS, Size distribution and density of trees in bogs and pine woodlands of west central MRS art ad bis b bata, Gsesbalp bated rbepy Aaduanp sebchab Sands Gopeenyanenbreh 428 _B.L. TURNER, Trixis anomala (Asteraceae, Mutiseae), a new Boecies from Chiapas, MEXICO)! .)6).cccl ibe ek cies becceeceseceseuncues 435 -R.L. HARTMAN, A conspectus of Machaeranthera (Asteraceae: IEEE SE EBA Oh ch a.) c can udadles be dade ti hecbotebuduquadasbplace craabisteboveuots 439 SR MINORILIIONS INVOILIIMO 6S 1... scsi tc i sccekesendegenseebcececssatnoaneandesdsturs 466 ee PREECE UL VOUUITIG G8 22.0 5. 2.555 .eenas0sedndecodnendanpatad eh doisdudugadecnds quiets 467 metry TOT VOUEITVG GB) ooo. keene ssecscdesyssuneedocacsdetebadaneddenebioany 511 SeNMMMMIOOMIE QIK) ACOUSNGA 51.021. -- -..-bikesecececiet cals sob epassecesobantchdedssaceesues 512 LIBRAR’ JUL 23 1990 NEW YORK JSTANICAL GARD Published by Michael J. Warnock 185 Westridge Drive Huntsville, Texas 77340 U.S.A. PHYTOLOGIA is printed on acid free paper. 2 § PHYTOLOGIA ZL $6 An international journal to expedite plant systematic, phytogeographical and ecological publication Vol. 68 June 1990 No.6 CONTENTS _J.T. KARTESZ & K.N. GANDHI, Nomenclatural notes for the North SST FAL, Pe AAT Se Sie oan ot tT po Cade ed Pee Oe Thee ae 421 ~M.H. MACROBERTS & B.R. MACROBERTS, Size distribution and density of trees in bogs and pine woodlands of west central TIME vce Se det ety bask dacat sdepna ese rich nascent f parca deaths Rea ehie ee 428 _/B.L. TURNER, Trixis anomala (Asteraceae, Mutiseae), a new Beecies from Chiapas, MEXICO 2.4... deleesecscesscsuesentpessnrsenstes 435 -R.L. HARTMAN, A conspectus of Machaeranthera (Asteraceae: NETS Ene oe Ue Pee ea soepbiewcndud Gini eonat he eeoeete 439 MED OMIERIOTS 10) VOIUITIO GO «1 cncccescs cn secet oshadencessuendduvtiyenasbaateanineen 466 EE ERIS 107 VOVILDETIG GG i055 dace siadenncarecednevscanenanepobodencyapdetsadeumms quae ge 467 EEE POT WONENTIG OO) oo. uinnpsenasvacuusascicilarsdoahasdendcedntesshagiek gh begeh 511 ETS Tele oT 0) 0 > a ae ee a Be Pg wee eiae PUBEY 49 OE GL: 512 LIBRAR’ JUL 23 1990 NEW YORK JTANICAL GARD Published by Michael J. Warnock 185 Westridge Drive Huntsville, Texas 77340 U.S.A. PHYTOLOGIA is printed on acid free paper. PHYTOLOGIA (ISSN 00319430) is published monthly by Michael J. Warnock, 185 Westridge Drive, Huntsville, TX 77340-8916. Second Class postage at Huntsville, TX. Copyright ©1990 by PHYTOLOGIA. Domestic individual subscription (6 issues): $18.00. Domestic institutional subscription (6 issues): $20.00. Foreign and/or airmail postage extra. Single copy sales: Current issue and back issues volume 67 to present, $3.50; Back issues (previous to volume 67), $3.00 (add $.50 per copy postage and handling US [$1.00 per copy foreign]). Back issue sales by volume: $17.00 per volume 42-66 (not all available as complete volumes); $21.00 per volume 67-present; add $2.00 per volume postage US ($4.00 per volume foreign). POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Phytologia, 185 Westridge Drive,Huntsville, TX 77340-8916. Phytologia (June 1990) 68(6):421-427. NOMENCLATURAL NOTES FOR THE NORTH AMERICAN FLORA. Il. John T. Kartesz & Kancheepuram N. Gandhi North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 U.S.A. ABSTRACT Continuing with the “Nomenclatural notes for the North American Flora. I.,” a second note in the series toward the advancement of our understanding of North American plants is presented here. KEY WORDS: Floristics, nomenclature, North America, Aquifoli- aceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Polygonaceae, Rosaceae, Sapotaceae. AQUIFOLIACEAE In an earlier paper, we (Kartesz & Gandhi 1989) indicated that the name Ilex ambigua (Michaux) Torr. var. monticola (Gray) Wunderlin & Poppleton (Florida Scientist 40:10. 1977) was based on J. monticola Gray, a superfluous name. We also stated that Wunderlin & Poppleton attributed the name J. amelanchier M.A. Curtis var. monticola to “(Gray) Wood.” This attribution could have been possible only on the belief that Wood had indeed cited Gray, however he did not. Hence, no parenthetical author should be cited for Wood’s combination. Since Gray’s epithet is superfluous, Gray must also not be cited as a parenthetical author for Wunderlin & Poppleton’s combination. Although Wood’s combination is in the protologue of Wunderlin & Poppleton’s article, since Gray and Wood used two different types, we did not replace Gray’s name by Wood for Wunderlin & Poppleton’s varietal name. After our publication appeared, R.P. Wunderlin informed us that it might be wise to invoke ICBN Art. 33.2, Ex. 6 and consider the citation of “Gray” (the parenthetical author for their new combination) as a bibliographical error for “Wood.” The involvement of two different types poses a problem to accept Wunder- lin’s statement. We brought to his attention that Wunderlin & Poppleton’s protologue of J. ambigua var. monticola does not comment on the superfluous status of Gray’s combination, J. monticola, and was in error in assuming that 421 422 PREY TOLLS GIA volume 68(6):421-427 June 1990 Wood’s variety was based on Gray’s epithet. However, since Wunderlin em- phasized that there was a bibliographical error in Wunderlin & Poppleton’s new combination, we accept it. Accordingly, the correct citation is: J. ambigua ‘ var. monticola (Wood) Wunderlin & Poppleton. ASTERACEAE Gnaphalium. J.C. Grierson (1971) noted that the type of the tropical weed commonly known as Gnaphalzum indicum L., belongs to the genus Helichrysum. He there- fore transferred this Linnaean epithet to Helichrysum and made the new com- bination: H. indicum (L.) Grierson. Helichrysum indicum is a South African species. With this disposition of the Linnaean G. indicum, Grierson assigned the combination G. polycaulon Pers. to the tropical weed previously known as “G. indicum.” Accordingly, the “G. zndicum auct. non L.” found in the New World must be called G. polycaulon. Probably unaware of Grierson’s published work, a few modern authors, such as Liogier & Martorell (1982) and McVaugh (1984), have used the name “G. indicum L.” However, McVaugh commented that he did not know whether his “G. indicum” is the same as G. indicum of Linnaeus. Gnaphahum polycaulon is characterized as follows (from Grierson 1971): woolly annual, 10-25 cm tall; several or many stems arising from the base; leaves obovate, 1-4 cm long, 2-12 mm wide; heads 150 to 200 flowered (central bisexual flowers ca. 6); receptacle 1-1.3 mm wide; phyllaries acute, strami- neous; pappus bristles separate at the base. The correct nomenclature is given below: Gnaphalium polycaulon Pers., Syn. 2:421. 1807. Gnaphalium indicum auct. non L.: Alain, Fl. de Cuba 5:257. 1962; Liogier & Martorell, Fl. Puerto Rico & Adj. Islands 186. 1982; McVaugh, Flora Novo-Galiciana 12:455. 1984. Helianthus. Helianthus rigidus (Cass.) Desf. (Cat. Pl., ed. 3, 184. 1829) was based on Harpalium rigidum Cass. (Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 141. Sep 1818). For Helianthus rigidus ssp. rigidus, Heiser (Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 22({3}:131- 138. 1969) cited several synonyms, including Helianthus diffusus Sims (Bot. Mag. 45:2020. Oct 1818) and Helianthus paucifiorus Nutt. (Gen. 2:177. 3 Apr 1818). Clearly, Helianthus pauciflorus has priority over Harpalium rigidum and Hehanthus diffusus; hence, the latter two cannot serve as basionyms. For the North American flora, we accept Helianthus pauciflorus Nutt. as the correct name. Kartesz & Gandhi: North American nomenclature-II 423 Farwell (Amer. Midl. Naturalist 8:278. 1923) reduced Helhanthus sub- rhomboideus Rydb. to varietal status (H. scaberriamus Ell. var. subrhomboideus ([Rydb.] Farwell). Heiser treated the taxon as a subspecies (H. rzgidus |Cass.| Desf. ssp. subrhomboideus |Rydb.| Heiser). We follow Heiser in recognizing H. subrhomboideus at subspecific rank. Since we recognize H. pauczflorus Nutt. as the earliest correct name in the H. rigidus complex, a new combination is proposed here. Helianthus pauciflorus Nutt. ssp. subrhomboideus (Rydb.) Kartesz & Gandhi, comb. nov. BASIONYM: Helianthus subrhomboideus Rydb., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1:419. 1900. TYPE: UNITED STATES. Nebraska: Whiteman, Rydberg 1627. FABACEAE Indigofera. Indigofera keyensis Small is endemic to the Florida Keys. It is similar to I. mucronata Sprengel ez DC., which is a tropical American weed, common in northern South America. Isely (1982) commented that the “IJndigofera keyen- sis of U.S. listings ...is J. mucronata, constituting at best a weak variety,” and accordingly he made a new combination: J. mucronata Sprengel ez DC. var. keyensis (Small) Isely. Unfortunately, J. mucronata DC. (published in 1825) is a later homonym of J. mucronata Lamarck (published in 1789), thus rendering Isley’s new combination to be illegitimate as well. McVaugh (1987) synonymized Indigofera mucronata DC. under J. jamaicen- sis Sprengel (published in 1826). Alternatively, de Kort & Thijsse (1984) placed both J. jamaicensis and J. mucronata DC. as synonyms of J. trita L. f. ssp. scabra (Roth) de Kort & Thijsse (based on J. scabra Roth 1821). Both J. scabra and I. trita are based on types from India, whereas both /. yamazcenszs and J. mucronata are based on Jamaican types. Isely (pers. comm.) com- mented that de Kort & Thijsse’s study of the American material of this com- plex was inadequate, and he declined to accept the name J. trita for the New World material. However, we accept the name J. trita for North America and propose the following new combination: Indigofera trita L. f. var. keyensis (Small) Kartesz & Gandhi, comb. nov. BASIONYM: Indigofera keyensis Small, Flora Florida Keys 63,155. 1913. TYPE: UNITED STATES. Florida: Lower Metacumbe Key, Small 2570. Indigofera mucronata Sprengel ez DC. var. keyenszs (Small) Isely, Brittonia 34:340. 1982. 424 PHYTOLOGIA volume 68(6):421-427 June 1990 Zornia. The combination Zornia gemella is often attributed to “(Willd.) Vogel.” Vogel proposed this name in 1838 (Linnaea 12:61) and cited “Hedys. gemel- lum W. Hrb. 13777” as a synonym. Dr. Paul A. Fryxell brought to our at- tention that according to Willdenow Herbarium (1972), specimen no. 13778 is Hedysarum gemellum, whereas specimen no. 13777 is H. conjugatum. Al- though the name H. gemellum was the basis for the name Z. gemella, the former was not validly published. Vogel was probably the first to effectively publish it. Hence, the author citation for H. gemellum must be “Willd. ez Vogel, pro syn.” (ICBN Art. 50A, Ex. 1). Since the name H. gemellum was only a manuscript name at the time Vogel proposed his Z. gemella, Wilidenow must not be cited as a parenthetical author for the latter name. The correct citation for the name is Z. gemella Vogel. POLYGONACEAE Polygonum alaskanum. Based on Polygonum alpinum All. var. alaskanum Small, at least two new combinations were made: Aconogonum alaskanum Sojak (Preslia 46:150. 1974) and P. alaskanum W. Wight ez Hultén (Fl. Alaska & Yukon 4:610. 1944). For these two combinations, Small has been generally cited as the parenthetical author. With his original description of Polygonum alpinum var. alaskanum, Small cited the earlier legitimate name P. alpinum var. lapathifolium Cham. & Schlecht. as a synonym. As a consequence of citation of an earlier valid varietal name as a synonym, Small’s varietal name became superfluous (ICBN Art. 63). Hence, Small must not be cited as the parenthetical author when the epithet is used in other combinations. Polygonum douglasit. The names Polygonum douglasii E. Greene and P. engelmanni E. Greene have equal priority (Bull. California Acad. Sci. 1:125-126. 1885). The former represents an entity that is relatively more robust than the latter and has a 3-5 mm long perianth, whereas in the latter taxon, the perianth is 1.5-2.5 mm long. The distinction of these two taxa is not always clear. C.L. Hitchcock (1964) remarked that P. engelmannii is close to P. douglasii. We recommend that P. engelmannii to be treated (at best) at an infraspecific rank. In this connection, a new combination is proposed here. Polygonum douglasii E. Greene ssp. engelmannii (E. Greene) Kartesz & Gandhi, comb. nov. BASIONYM: Polygonum engelmannii E. Greene, Bull. California Acad. Sci. 1:125. 1885. Kartesz & Gandhi: North American nomenclature-II 425 ROSACEAE Erythrocoma canescens E. Greene is characterized by leaves dentate at apex; bracteoles shorter than sepals; hypanthium hemispheric or sunken at the base in flower; styles elongating in fruit, plumose at the base, glabrous above, hardly geniculate. P.A. Rydberg (North Amer. Fl. 22:409. 1913) transferred this species to the genus Szeversza Willd.; however, in modern treatments, these two genera are considered as synonyms of the genus Geum L. C.L. Hitchcock (1961; p. 113) treated Erythrocoma canescens as a synonym of Geum triflorum Pursh var. ciliatum (Pursh) Fassett. For the North Amer- ican flora, we treat E. canescens as a variety of G. triflorum. This variety is differentiated from the var. czliatum, with the latter characterized by its dis- sected leaves and by its bracteoles being longer than the sepals. The following new combination is proposed here: Geum triflorum Pursh var. canescens (E. Greene) Kartesz & Gandhi, comb. nov. BASIONYM: Erythrocoma canescens E. Greene, Leafl. Bot. Obs. & Crit. 1:178. 1906. SAPOTACEAE The genus Siderozylon L. (sens. strict.) is characterized by having entire corolla lobes, whereas the genus Bumelia Sw. (sens. strict.) is characterized by 3 segmented corolla lobes. For the North American flora, we recognize Siderozylon (sens. lat.), including Bumelia (based on priority) and propose the following new combinations. Sideroxylon lanuginosum Michaux ssp. albicans (Sarg.) Kartesz & Gan- dhi, comb. nov. BASIONYM: Bumelia lanuginosa (Michaux) Pers. var. albicans Sarg., J. Arnold Arbor. 2:168. 1921. TYPE: UNITED STATES. Texas: Victoria Co., 9 Apr 1915, Sargent, s.n. Sideroxylon reclinatum Michaux ssp. austrofloridense (Whetstone) Kar- tesz & Gandhi, comb. nov. BASIONYM: Bumelia reclinata (Michaux) Vent. var. austrofloridensis Whetstone, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 72:545. 1985. TYPE: UNITED STATES. Florida: Dade Co., 7 July 1984, Whet- stone 14459. Sideroxylon reclinatum Michaux ssp. rufotomentosum (Small) Kartesz & Gandhi, comb. nov. BASIONYM: Bumelia rufotomentosa Small, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 1:440. 1900. TYPE: UNITED STATES. Florida: Tampa, May 1876, Garber s.n. 426 PHYTOLOGIA volume 68(6):421-427 June 1990 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank Drs. Paul A. Fryxell (U.S.D.A. Scientist in collaboration with Texas A&M University) and Larry E. Brown (Houston Community College) for their valuable suggestions for the improvement of this manuscript. We also thank Dr. Richard P. Wunderlin (University of South Florida) for the clarification on the nomenclature of Jlez ambigua var. monticola. Interlibrary loan of the journal Linnaea from Duke University Library (pertaining to the name Zornia gemella) is appreciated. We thank Dr. Peter White, Director of the North Carolina Botanical Garden, for arranging the financial support to meet the cost of this publication. REFERENCES Alain, H. 1962. Flora de Cuba, vol. 5. Editorial Universitaria, Universidad de Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras. Greuter, W. (Chairman, Editorial Committee). 1988. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Adopted by the Fourteenth International Congress, Berlin, July-August 1987. Grierson, A.J.C. 1971. The identity of Gnaphalium indicum Linn. Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 31:135-138. Hitchcock, C.L. 1961. Rosaceae. Pp. 89-194 in Vascular Flora of Pacific Northwest, part 1. C.L. Hitchcock, A. Cronquist, M. Ownbey & J.W. Thompson, eds. University of Washington Press, Seattle, WA. Isely, D. 1982. New combinations and one new variety among the genera Indigofera, Robinia, and Tephrosia (Leguminosae). Brittonia 34:339- 341. Kartesz, J.T. 1990. Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland, ed. 2. Timber Press, Portland, OR. In press. & K.N. Gandhi. 1989. Nomenclatural notes for the North American flora - 1. Phytologia 67:461-468. de Kort, I. & G. Thijsse. 1984. A revision of the genus Jndigofera (Legumi- nosae: Papilionoideae) in southeast Asia. Blumea 30:89-151. Kartesz & Gandhi: North American nomenclature-II 427 Liogier, H.L. & L.F. Martorell. 1982. Fl. Puerto Rico & Adj. Islands. Edi- torial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras. McVaugh, R. 1984. Flora Novo-Galiciana, vol. 12, Compositae. The Uni- versity of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI. . 1987. Flora Novo-Galictana, vol. 5, Leguminosae. The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI. The Willdenow Herbarium. 1972. Museum Botaniceum Beroliense (B). (7440). Interdocumentation Company AG. Zug, Switzerland. Phytologia (June 1990) 68(6):428-434. SIZE DISTRIBUTION AND DENSITY OF TREES IN BOGS AND PINE WOODLANDS IN WEST CENTRAL LOUISIANA M.H. MacRoberts & B.R. MacRoberts 740 Columbia, Shreveport, Louisiana 71104 U.S.A. ABSTRACT Bogs and adjacent pine woods were sampled in the Kisatchie Na- tional Forest, Louisiana, to determine size and density of trees. There were more than three times as many trees in pine woods as in bogs, and the trees in pine woods were more than twice the diameter of those in bogs. The pine woods had little understory except a few shrubs; whereas the bogs had a dense species rich herbaceous ground cover. KEY WORDS: Pitcher plant bog, Sarracenia, longleaf pine woods, Pinus palustris, Louisiana, Kisatchie National Forest. INTRODUCTION Little has been published regarding bogs west of the Mississippi delta (Allen, et al. 1988; Bridges & Orzell 1989; Nixon & Ward 1986; MacRoberts & MacRoberts 1988, 1990). To rectify this situation we have undertaken a number of descriptive studies of Louisiana pitcher plant bogs. In this paper we describe size distribution and density of trees in bogs and in adjacent pine woods, a subject about which the literature says little or nothing. Most papers dealing with the floristics or ecology of bogs give either a brief description that indicates that trees are scarce and stunted or a photograph that clearly shows that bogs are open habitat (e.g., Wieder, et al. 1981). We know of only one paper that specifically addresses bog trees (Streng & Harcombe 1982). Our purpose is to quantify our impression of the low tree productivity of bogs. STUDY SITE Thirtyfive bogs are known to us in the Kisatchie District, Kisatchie Na- tional Forest, Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana. In October and November 1989, ten were selected on the basis of certain criteria that had no a prior relation- ship to the problem under investigation (see MacRoberts & MacRoberts 1988, 428 Pasir. eo MacRoberts & MacRoberts: Tree distribution in bogs & woods of Louisiana 429 Fagus grandifolia Cornus florida Table 1. Number of trees by species and their size in pine woods and bog habitat. No. in 1 eoke No. in | Average Bog | dbh ( Pine | dbh (cm) Sey Woods | (range Ilex opaca Acer rubrum Liquidambar styraciflua Pinus taeda Pinus elliottz Pinus palustris 1990 and Smith 1988 for a description and definition of bog habitat). The ten bogs selected ranged in size from 0.2 to 2.5 ha and averaged about 1 ha, which is typical for bogs we have surveyed and have measured on the ground in this district (n = 35, mean = 0.9 ha, range = 0.1 to 4 ha). Elevation ranged from 80 to 90 m above sea level. Adjacent to each bog and upslope in the recharge area were extensive pine woods, a typical community in the uplands of west central Louisiana, in which Pinus palustris is the dominant tree (see Smith 1988 and Platt, et al. 1988 for habitat description). METHODS We ran a transect through each of the bogs as close to its center (its widest part) and for an equal distance into the adjacent upslope pine woods. The length of each transect depended on the size of the bog. The longest was 91 m; the shortest was 30 m. All were 3 m wide. We sampled equal areas along a straight line inside and outside each bog; e.g., for a 90 m transect, 45 m was in the bog and 45 m was in the pine woods. The total area sampled was 2496 sq. m, half of which were in pine woods and half in bog. All trees over 1.5 m tall were identified and their dbh measured. The presence of shrubs and saplings and type of ground cover were also noted. RESULTS Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3 summarize our main findings. Figure 1 shows a typical pitcher plant bog in the study area. There were 3.3 times as many trees in the pine woods (n = 118) as in the bogs (n = 36). This translates into one tree per 11 sq. m in pine woods and 430 PHYTOLOGIA volume 68(6):428-434 June 1990 Table 2. Tree size in bogs and in pine woods. Diameter Class dbh (cm) Table 3. Size of Pinus palustris in bogs and in pine woods. Diameter Class dbh (cm one tree per 35 sq. m in bogs. The trees in the pine woods were on average more than twice the diameter (mean 16.8 cm dbh, range 1-40 cm, S.E.= 3.3) of those in bogs (mean 7.8 cm dbh, range 1-28 cm, S.E.= 2.5). Species distribution also differed between bogs and pine woods. Inside the bogs, hardwoods over 1.5 m tall were infrequent and none occurred in the transects. In the pine woods, hardwoods were common. In pine woods, there were 2.5 times as many pines as in bogs, and those in pine woods were more than twice the diameter of those in bogs. The difference between the size class distribution of trees in bogs and in pine woods is significant at the .01 level (Student’s t), and the difference between the class distribution of Pinus palustris in bogs and in pine woods is significant at the .05 level (Student’s t). Scattered in the bogs and adjacent pine woods were various small trees MacRoberts & MacRoberts: Tree distribution in bogs & woods of Louisiana 431 Figure 1. Kisatchie District pitcher plant bog. Note open habitat, scattered small pines, clumps of shrubs, and extensive spread of Sarracenia alata. Photo taken by Stan Carpenter on April 7, 1990 with a 120 degree panoramic camera. 432 Pari OProGcr@ra volume 68(6):428-434 June 1990 and shrubs. Particularly common in bogs were those that prefer wet habitat. In the bog transects the following taxa occurred, often in mixed species tan- gles: Myrica cerifera, Persea borbonia, Aronia arbutifolia, Viburnum nudum, Vaccinium corymbosum, Magnolia virginiana, Liguidambar styraciflua, Acer rubrum, Pinus spp., At some bogs, some trees were large (e.g., magnolia), but these usually grew near the edge of the site. In the pine woods transects, the following species occurred often in dense tangles: Myrica cerifera, Persea borbonia, Magnolia virginiana, Acer rubrum, Liquidambar styraciflua, Vaccinium corymbosum, Ilez vomitoria, I. opaca, Cornus florida, and Pinus spp. The ground cover in bogs consisted of grasses, sedges, and various showy forbs. Bogs are among the most species rich habitats in North America (Walker & Peet 1983). Four Natchitoches Parish bogs, which ranged in size from 0.4 to 3 ha, averaged 101 species (MacRoberts & MacRoberts 1990). The ground cover in the pine woods is not species rich and consisted of a few species of grass and forbs and a thick accumulation of pine needles. DISCUSSION Streng (1979; Streng & Harcombe 1982) studied size distribution and spa- tial dispersion of trees in four habitats (meadows, savannas, baygalls, and pine woods) in the Big Thicket National Preserve in Texas, about 170 km SW of our study area. With minor differences, Streng’s “meadow” corresponds to our “bog;” the pine woods in the two studies are the same habitat. Streng’s findings are nearly identical to ours: bogs were open with a low density of widely scattered small trees (mainly Pinus), a paucity of tree species, and an extensive and diverse herbaceous layer; whereas pine woods had a high density of trees (again mainly Pinus but also hardwoods) and a variety of species, and little or no herbaceous understory. In short, woody plant growth is restricted in bogs while herbaceous growth is restricted in pine woods. While the reasons for the differences in tree production in pine woods and bogs are not entirely clear, pyric and edaphic factors have been repeatedly suggested as important (Folkerts 1982; Nixon & Ward 1986). The edaphic conditions of bogs (high acidity, waterlogging, and low nutrient soil), retard the growth of trees, making the seedlings that do sprout extremely vulnerable to fire (Streng 1979; Streng & Harcombe 1982). Open habitat is conducive to extensive herbaceous plant growth that, in turn, creates the conditions for frequent fires. Pine woods, on the other hand, occur on less acidic, drier and deeper soils that are conducive to tree growth when fire exclusion occurs. Trees shade out the herbaceous understory. Bogs in Streng’s area appeared to be self sustaining, as long as the natural fire rhythm was maintained. Her findings appear to apply to the Natchitoches bogs also. MacRoberts & MacRoberts: Tree distribution in bogs & woods of Louisiana 433 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thanks are due the staff of the Kisatchie National Forest for their cooper- ation during the course of the study. Thanks are also due Dr. Bill Platt and D.T. MacRoberts for their comments on the manuscript and to Stan Carpenter for the photograph. LITERATURE CITED Allen, C.M., C.H. Stagg & S.D. Parris. 1988. Analysis of the vegetation in pitcher plant bogs in two baygalls at Fort Polk in west central Louisiana. Proc. Louisiana Acad. Sci. 50:1-6. Bridges, E.L. & S.L. Orzell. 1989. Additions and noteworthy vascular plant collections from Texas and Louisiana. Phytologia 66:12-69. Folkerts, G.W. 1982. The gulf coast pitcher plant bogs. American Scientist 70:260-267. MacRoberts, B.R. & M.H. MacRoberts. 1988. Floristic composition of two west Louisiana pitcher plant bogs. Phytologia 65:184-190. MacRoberts, B.R. & M.H. MacRoberts. 1990. Vascular flora of two west Louisiana pitcher plant bogs. Phytologia 68:271-275. Nixon, E.S. & J.R. Ward. 1986. Floristic composition and management of east Texas pitcher plant bogs. In Wilderness and Natural Areas in the Eastern United States: A Management Challenge. Eds. D.L. Kulhavy & R.W. Conner. Center for Applied Studies, School of Forestry, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, Texas, pp. 283-287. Platt, W.J., G.W. Evans & S.L. Rathbun. 1988. The population dynamics of a long-lived conifer (Pinus palustris). Amer. Naturalist 131:492-525. Smith, L.M. 1988. The natural communities of Louisiana. Louisiana Natural Heritage Program. Louisiana Dept. of Wildlife & Fisheries. Unpub- lished. Streng, D.R. 1979. Edaphic and pyric influences on two contiguous savannas of east Texas. M.S. thesis, Rice University, Houston, Texas. Streng, D.R. & P.A. Harcombe. 1982. Why don’t east Texas savannas grow up into forests? Amer. Midl. Naturalist 108:278-294. 434 PHYTOLOGIA volume 68(6):428-434 June 1990 Walker, J. & R.K. Peet. 1983. Composition and species diversity of pine- wiregrass savannas of the Green Swamp, North Carolina. Vegetatio 55:163-179. Wieder, R.K., A.M. MacCormick & G.E. Lang. 1981. Vegetational anal- ysis of Big Run Bog, a nonglaciated Sphagnum bog in West Virginia. Castanea 46:16-29. Phytologia (June 1990) 68(6):435-438. TRIXIS ANOMALA (ASTERACEAE, MUTISEAE), A NEW SPECIES FROM CHIAPAS, MEXICO B.L. Turner Department of Botany, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78713 U.S.A. ABSTRACT Trixis anomala B. Turner, a new species from montane cloud forests of central Chiapas, México, is described and illustrated. It dif- fers from all other North American species in possessing an anomalous involucre that is turbinate or subturbinate with 3-4 series of graduate involucral bracts, the inner of which is not clearly uniseriate. KEY WORDS: Trizis, Mutiseae, Asteraceae, México. Preparation of a treatment of Trizis for the Asteraceae of México (Turner & Nesom, in prep.) has revealed the following novelty. The specimens upon which the description is based were apparently not available to Anderson (1972) in her excellent monograph of the genus. Trixis anomala B. Turner, spec. nov., Figure 1. TYPE: MEXICO. Chi- apas: Cascada, near Siltepec, 1600 m, 1 Mar 1945, Eizi1 Matuda 5184 (HOLOTYPE: LL!; Isotype: LL!). Trizis silvaticae B.L. Robins. & Greenm. similis sed differt cauli- bus sine alis, involucro subturbinato 3-4 seriato bracteis gradatis abbreviatis, bracteis accessoriis multo redactis vel absentibus, et receptaculo glabro vel fere glabro. Shrubs to about 3 m high. Stems terete, not winged, moderately to densely strigopuberulous. Leaves alternate, mostly 10-19 cm long, 3-5 cm wide; peti- oles mostly 5-10 mm long; blades relatively thin, ovate elliptical to elliptical obovate, widest at or near the middle, moderately white puberulous beneath, the margins minutely serrulate, the apices acute. Heads 8 to numerous, borne in an erect or ascending terminal capitulescence, the ultimate peduncles mostly 1-5 mm long. Involucres turbinate, 10-12 mm high, the bracts 3-4 seriate, graduate, the innermost not clearly in a single series. Accessory bracts 1-4, lanceolate, 1-3 mm long, grading into the involucral bracts proper. Receptacle 435 436 PHYTOLOGIA volume 68(6):435-438 June 1990 Fig. 1 Trixis anomalia, from holotype Turner: New Trizis from Chiapas México 437 plane, ca. 1.5 mm across, epaleate, glabrous or nearly so (perhaps a smatter- ing of scattered hairs). Florets 11-12 per head, the corollas seemingly yellow, glabrous, the peripheral florets with corolla tubes 5-6 mm long, the outer lips ca. 3mm long, revolute at the apices. Achenes fusiform, ca. 6 mm long, gradu- ally tapered from about the middle, moderately pubescent with both glandular and hispid hairs, the pappus of numerous tawny white bristles, 8-10 mm long. ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED: MEXICO. Chiapas: Mpio. Cin- talapa, SE of Cerro Baul on the border with Oaxaca, 16 km NW of Rizo de Oro (a logging road to Colonia Figaroa), 1600 m, 21 Apr 1972, D.E. Breedlove 24758 (TEX). The present species, because of its wingless stems, small receptacles and pe- ripheral florets with small revolute outer corolla tips will key with difficulty to Trizis parviflorain Anderson’s 1972 treatment of the genus. It differs markedly from that species, and all North American species, in possessing an involucre of 3-4 series of bracts, these markedly graduate (Figure 1, lower left), the inner series not clearly uniseriate (hence the specific name). Accessory bracts are much reduced and grade into the involucral bracts, the involucre as a whole much resembling that of the genus Acourtza. In all other characters, however, it is clearly a Trizis. Indeed, I originally identified the holotype as T. nelsoni or possible T. szlvatica, the species to which it appears most closely aligned, having the general habit of these taxa, similar florets, but lacking the winged stems and markedly pubescent receptacles. And, of course, the involucre of both T. nelsonu and T. silvatica are markedly different in possessing non- graduate involucres with well developed subtending accessory bracts. TJrzzis anomala has about the same range as T. silvatica and T. nelsoni, all three con- fined to central Chiapas, but all markedly different among themselves. While the involucre is anomalous among the North American species, some of the species from South America have involucres which approach T. anomala, and the latter may relate to groups from that area. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am grateful to Guy Nesom for the Latin diagnosis and to him and Dr. Andrew McDonald for reviewing the manuscript. Ms. Nancy Webber provided the illustration. 438 PHYTOLOGIA volume 68(6):435-438 June 1990 LITERATURE CITED Anderson, C. 1972. A monograph of the Mexican and Central American species of Trizis (Compositae). Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 22:1-68. McVaugh, R. 1984. Trizis, in Flora Novo-Galiciana 12:953-963. The Uni- versity of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI. Phytologia (June 1990) 68(6):439-465. A CONSPECTUS OF MACHAERANTHERA (ASTERACEAE: ASTEREAE) Ronald L. Hartman Rocky Mountain Herbarium, Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071-3165 U.S.A. ABSTRACT A synopsis of Machaeranthera is presented with descriptions and keys where appropriate, synonymy, and discussion. The combination Machaeranthera subgenus Sideranthus (Nutt. ez Nees) R.L. Hart- man is made. The following new sections or sectional combinations are recognized: Machaeranthera sections Arida R.L. Hartman, Ble- pharodon (DC.) R.L. Hartman, Havardii (R. Jackson) R.L. Hart- man, Sideranthus (Nutt. ez Nees) R.L. Hartman, and Stenoloba R.L. Hartman. Other new combinations are: Machaeranthera col- oradoensis (A. Gray) Osterh. var. brandegei (Rydb.) T.J. Watson ez R.L. Hartman, M. viscida (Wooton & Standley) R.L. Hartman, and M. wigginsii (S.F. Blake) R.L. Hartman. Machaeranthera hetero- phylla R.L. Hartman replaces Haplopappus rhizomatus M. Johnston which would become a later homonym if transferred to Machaeranthera. KEY WORDS: Systematics, Aster, Asteraceae, Astereae, Hap- lopappus, Machaeranthera. The preparation of the Asteraceae of México by B.L. Turner & G. Nesom has prompted publication of the conspectus of Machaeranthera from my disser- tation (Hartman 1976) to make available several new combinations and a new name. All taxa are included except where otherwise noted. Subsequent (to 1976) modifications to the classification are indicated and recent references provided where appropriate. A detailed revision of Machaeranthera section Blepharodon with supporting data for the classification of the genus will be published separately. 439 440 PPIY TiO OG TiA volume 68(6):439-465 June 1990 MACHAERANTHERA Machaeranthera Nees, Gen. Sp. Aster. p. 224. 1832. TYPE SPECIES: Machaeranthera tanacetifolia (Kunth) Nees (For complete synonymy see Turner 1987). BASIONYM: Aster tanacetifolia Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 4:95. 1820. Plants herbaceous, taprooted annuals, biennials, or perennials 0.3-11.0 dm tall, glabrous or variously pubescent, often with a much branched caudex. Leaves alternate, simple, linear to broadly lanceolate, spatulate, or trian- gular with entire, serrate, or dentate margins or oblong to ovate in outline with deeply pinnatifid to bipinnatifid margins, the teeth or lobes often bris- tle tipped. Heads radiate or eradiate. Involucre depressed hemispheric to turbinate, 0.4-2.5 cm wide. Phyllaries in 2-10, usually graduated series, im- bricate, linear to broadly oblong or lanceolate, the lower portion usually stiff, stramineous or purple tinged, the upper fifth to four-fifths herbaceous, often purple tinged, or with a green strip or rhombic patch, erect, spreading, or treflexed, obtuse to long attenuate, often bristle tipped. Receptacle flat or slightly convex, usually alveolate, nearly smooth or with scales to 3 mm long subtending the florets. Ray florets when present pistillate, fertile, ca. 15-60, the corollas yellow, white, pink to purple, or blue, rounded to bi- or tridentate at the apex. Disc florets perfect, fertile, ca. 30-150 or more, the corollas yellow, 5-merous, with a cylindrical tube gradually flaring into the limb, with erect or spreading, triangular lobes. Style branches of ray florets stigmatic along the entire margin; disc florets stigmatic along the lower margins with appendages broadly triangular to attenuate. Achenes linear to broadly obovate or nar- trowly cordate, smooth to prominently ribbed, thin to thick walled, glabrous ~ to densely pubescent; ray achenes terete to 3 sided or laterally flattened. Pap- pus persistent, often reduced or lacking on the ray florets, the bristles filiform to subulate, scabrous, white to brownish, in 1-3 often weakly graduated series, dorsiventrally flattened near the base in some species. Chromosome number, R= 2, 3, 4, ds 6, OF 9. Machaeranthera, as delimited in this treatment, may be separated from re- lated genera by the following combinations of characters. The blue and white rayed members are distinguishable from Aster by being mostly taprooted and by having one or more of the following features: bristly tipped phyllaries and/or spiny toothed or pinnatifid leaves; epappose ray florets; or linear to clavate achenes 3-6 mm long. They are most easily separated from Xylorhiza in that the taproot is not massive with copious periderm (Watson 1977). The yellow rayed members may be distinguished from related homochromous gen- era by the short, turbinate achenes (less than 3 mm long) and the gradually flaring (vs. abruptly dilated) disc corollas. Hartman: Conspectus of Machaeranthera (Asteraceae: Astereae) 441 Key to the Subgenera and Sections of Machaeranthera 1. Ray florets white (sometimes yellowish when dry), pink, or purple (yellow in M. heterophylla, section Blepharodon, which grows in loose clumps with stems arising from short rhizomes, 2-3 mm thick, attached to a woody rootstock; W Nuevo Leon, México) or the heads eradiate (sub- Braue Wackacwaniiens): 22 s)J loads ee RRR ech eevee oe Seneas ten zB: 2. Pappus absent from ray florets, or if heads eradiate (M. carnosa) then flowering stems glabrous and glaucous, heads turbinate, and achenes oblong-fusiform, thin walled with 18-22 filiform nerves . 3. 3. Phyllaries in 2-3(-4) series of often nearly equal length, linear to lanceolate, 4-8 times as long as wide, the apices narrowly acute to acuminate; leaves on upper half of plant usually with entire margins; restricted mostly to grasslands or PROSE ora vin bok dh oine Dershliny ale Gd nena: Section 5. Psilactis 3’ Phyllaries in (3-)4-8 graduated series, broadly oblong, usually 2- 4 times as long as wide, the apices broadly acute; leaves on the upper half of plant usually serrate to deeply lobed (often entire in M. coultert from SW Sonora, México); restricted usually to CREPE, TEUIOIIG 51. ota aid Ebane ch, Achegnca raat eee or Section 4. Arida 2’ Pappus present on ray florets (often greatly reduced), or if heads eradiate (three species, section Blepharodon) then flowering stems pubescent, heads hemispheric to campanulate, and achenes broadly oblong to obovoid, thick walled with 6-16 wide ribs ............ 4, 4. Achenes 3-6 mm long, the walls thin, flexible, smooth or ob- scurely nerved, glabrous to sparingly pubescent; pappus 5-8 mm long; leaves never pinnatifid; ray florets always presents coped laden. waarmet Abd hin Section 3. Hesperastrum 4’ Achenes 1.0-3.5 mm long, if greater than 2.5 mm long then the walls thick and bony, prominently nerved or ribbed, and moder- ately to densely pubescent; pappus 0.3-8.0 mm long; leaves of- ten pinnatifid to deeply bipinnatifid; ray florets absent in some species 5. Plants perennial with branching caudices (Machaeranthera gymnocephala taprooted, sometimes biennial, root crown little branched); pappus 3.5-8.0 mm long; receptacle with scales 0.3-1.5 mm long; leaves rarely pinnatifid, if with ser- rate or dentate margins the teeth usually tipped by bristles 1-4 mm long; ray florets absent in three BHOCIES..h fd SARE BS oi ei ARS Section 2. Blepharodon 442 PHYTOLOGIA volume 68(6):439-465 June 1990 5’ Plants taprooted annuals or short lived perennials (form- ing vegetative rosettes in Aster blepharophyllus); pappus 1.0-6.5 mm long; receptacle naked or essentially so; leaves ' often pinnatifid or bipinnatifid, if with toothed margins the teeth not terminated by prominent bristles (essentially en- tire with 8-20 prominent cilia, 0.4-0.8(-1.5) mm long, per side in A. blepharophyllus); ray florets present ......... 6. 6. Leaves entire to laciniate, if deeply pinnatifid (Machaer- anthera arida, M. parviflora) or bipinnatifid (M. turnerz) then those on the upper parts of the stems less than 1.5 cm long with usually entire lobes; pappus of disc florets 2.5-4.5(-5.0) mm long; achenes thin walled with filiform ESV ES Miia us SSL ns Ae REA Section 4. Arida 6’ Leaves deeply pinnatifid or more commonly bipinnati- fid with irregularly toothed lobes, usually not markedly reduced above; pappus of disc florets 4.5-6.5 mm long; achenes thick walled with pronounced nerves or mabe sacs ce Seic8s a FY, Section 1. Machaeranthera 1’ Ray florets yellow, always present; (rhizomes absent) (Subgenus Sideran- OE er Te een emer ae 7. 7. Achenes of disc florets broadly obovate to obscurely and narrowly cordate, the thick, bony walls with 10-12 prominent ribs, densely pubescent, the margins thickened; pappus 2-3 mm long, mostly of subulate, markedly dorsiventrally flattened bristles; plants annual; leaves deeply pinnatifid or bipinnatifid; restricted to the mountains of SOV Camhndhia* México... 2. hs Section 8. Stenoloba 7’ Achenes of disc florets oblong to narrowly obovate, the usually thin, flexible walls smooth or with 6-16 obscure ribs, glabrous to mod- erately pubescent, the margins not thickened; pappus 3.5-7.0 mm long, of filiform, only slightly flattened bristles; plants annual to perennial; leaves entire to bipinnatifid; occurring elsewhere ..... 8. 8. Plants taprooted annuals; phyllaries obtuse to broadly acute, not bristle tipped; leaves serrate or dentate, the teeth blunt or terminating in a stiff callosity, not bristle tipped; achenes ob- long or narrowly elliptic with 12-14 barely discernible nerves, sparsely pubescent; restricted to the lowlands of SE New Mex- coved W Terie”. sti ane ot bs cccigas de Section 7. Havardiz 8’ Plants perennials with much branched caudices, if taprooted annuals then phyllaries with narrowly acute to acuminate and prominently bristle tipped apices; leaves various, if serrate or dentate, the teeth bristle tipped; achenes elliptic to narrowly Hartman: Conspectus of Machaeranthera (Asteraceae: Astereae) 443 obovate with 6-16 weak ribs, glabrous to moderately pubescent; widely distributed from Canada S to central México and the Cape region of Baja California Sur and adjacent RO 2 lh akin. Zl unik + alana Haale Section 6. S:deranthus MACHAERANTHERA Subgenus MACHAERANTHERA (Sections 1-5) I. Machaeranthera subgenus Machaeranthera. (For complete synonymy see Turner 1987.) Ray florets white (sometimes yellowish when dry), pink, or purple (yellow in Machaeranthera heterophylla, section Blepharodon) or the heads eradiate. 1. Machaeranthera section Machaeranthera. (For complete synonymy see Turner 1987.) Plants taprooted annuals or biennials, 1-4 dm tall. Leaves deeply pinnatifid to bipinnatifid. Heads radiate. Involucre hemispheric cai x aodeles meee ae RR eae M. arenaria 4’ Phyllaries with appressed to spreading apices; leaves thin, usu- ally oblong to lanceolate with prominent teeth or lobes; found throughout much of SW Canada, W United States, and N half Cy MBertire ASE SFB HS CARRY aio Be Fs PO M. pinnatifida This section contains five species following the transfer of Machaeranthera heterophylla to section Blepharodon (see above). Machaeranthera arenaria (Benth.) Shinn., Field & Lab. 18:40. 1950. BASIONYM: Aplopappus arenarius Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulphur p. 24. 1844. TYPE: MEXICO. Baja California Sur: Cabo San Lucas, 1841, R.B. Hinds s.n. (HOLOTYPE: K; Isotype: DS! as photo). Machaeranthera gracilis (Nutt.) Shinn., Field & Lab. 18:41. 1950. BASIONYM: Dieterta gracilis Nutt., J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadel- phia, ser. 2, 1:177. 1848, non Aster gracilis Nutt., Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2:158. 1818. TYPE: U.S.A. New Mexico: near Santa Fe, W. Gambel s.n. (HOLOTYPE: GH!; Isotype: K). Aplopappus gracilis (Nutt.) A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, ser. 2, 4:76. 1849. Aster dieteria Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1:315. 1891, based on Dvrete- ria gracilis Nutt. Eriocarpum gracile (Nutt.) E. Greene, Erythea 2:190. 1894. Sideranthus gracilis (Nutt.) Nelson, Bot. Gaz. (Craw- fordsville) 37:266. 1904. Haplopappus raventi R. Jackson, Amer. J. Bot. 49:123. 1962. TYPE: U.S.A. Arizona: Yavapai Co., near Johnson Wash, ca. 16 km S of the Verde River, 8 Jun 1959, R.C. Jackson 2680 (HOLOTYPE: KANU!). This species is treated in the broad sense to include the n = 4 Haplopappus ravenii in addition to the n = 2 and 3 chromosomal races. According to Jackson (1962; 1971), the n = 4 race can be . distinguished from the other two on the basis of floret and phyllary morphology. The former is said to possess fewer and shorter pappus 458 PHYTOLOGIA volume 68(6):439-465 June 1990 bristles, shorter achenes, and phyllaries that are covered by stiffer and more erect trichomes. I have been unable to make this distinc- tion with confidence. It is true that H. ravenzi (based on specimens from its described geographic range, but not confirmed by chromo- some counts) has phyllaries with trichomes which are often sparse and ascending to spreading versus more numerous, generally ap- pressed, and longer. Unfortunately, in surveying several hundred sheets of Machaeranthera gracilis sensu lato, approximately twenty percent showed intermediacy in this character. Formal recognition of the n = 4 race has been questioned by Cronquist (1971) and others. Machaeranthera juncea (E. Greene) Shinn., Field & Lab. 18:40. 1950. BASIONYM: Aplopappus junceus E. Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1:190. 1885. TYPE: U.S.A. California: San Diego Co., Cleveland, M.K. Curran s.n. (HOLOTYPE: NDG). Eriocarpum junceum (E. Greene) E. Greene, Erythea 2:108. 1894. Sideranthus junceus (E. Greene) Davidson & Moxley, Fl. S. California p. 377. 1923. Machaeranthera pinnatifida (Hook.) Shinn., Sida 1:295. 1964. BA- SIONYM: Diplopappus pinnatifidus Hook., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:22. 1834. TYPE: CANADA. Saskatchewan: Rocky Mountains near Jasper’s Lake, T. Drummond s.n. (HOLOTYPE: K?; Isotype: NY [photo, RM!]). For complete synonymy and a taxonomic treatment of this poly- morphic species, the reader is referred to Turner & Hartman (1976). A total of seven varieties distributed between two subspecies are recognized. They often intergrade in areas of sympatry. Machaeranthera wigginsii (S.F. Blake) R.L. Hartman, comb. nov. BASIONYM: Haplopappus wigginsii S.F. Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 48:169. 1935. TYPE: MEXICO. Baja California: Sierra San Pedro Martir, 18 Sep 1930, I.L. Wiggins & D. Demaree 4914 (HOLOTYPE: US!). This species, which is restricted to the Sierra San Pedro Martir of NE Baja California, is most closely related to Machaeranthera gracilis. 7. Machaeranthera section Havardii (R. Jackson) R.L. Hartman, comb. nov. BASIONYM: Haplopappus section Havardii R. Jackson, Univ. Kan- sas Sci. Bull. 46:479. 1966. TYPE SPECIES: Haplopappus havardii Waterf. Hartman: Conspectus of Machaeranthera (Asteraceae: Astereae) 459 Plants taprooted annuals, 1.5-4.5 dm tall. Leaves serrate or dentate, often coarsely so, teeth blunt or terminating in stiff callosities, not bristle tipped. Heads radiate. Involucre broadly turbinate. Phyllaries in 5-7 graduated se- ries, linear to narrowly oblong, lower portion rigid, stramineous, upper fifth to half with green patch or strip, densely glandular, erect, obtuse to acute. Re- ceptacles alveolate, with scales to 0.4 mm long. Ray florets yellow. Achenes essentially monomorphic, 2.5-3.0 mm long, oblong or narrowly elliptic, some- times slightly asymmetrical, flattened laterally, walls thin with 12-14 nerves, sparsely pubescent. Pappus similar in ray and disc florets, 5-7 mm long, white, bristles filiform, not basally flattened, in 2-3 poorly defined series. Chromo- some number, n = 4. Machaeranthera viscida (Wooton & Standley) R.L. Hartman, comb. nov. BASIONYM: Sideranthus viscidus Wooton & Standley, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16:180. 1913. TYPE: U.S.A. New Mexico: Eddy Co., near Hope, 3 Aug 1905, E.0. Wooton s.n. (HOLOTYPE: US (photo, RM!]). Haplopappus viscidus (Wooton & Standley) S.F. Blake, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 28:486. 1938. Haplopappus havardi Waterf., Rhodora 45:352. 1943. TYPE: U.S.A. Texas: Culberson Co., 13.6 km E Van Horn, U.T. Wa- terfall 4153 (HOLOTYPE: GH; Isotypes: ARIZ!, MO, NY’). Machaeranthera havardu (Waterf.) Shinn., Field & Lab. 18:40. 1950. A species restricted to Chaves, Eddy, and Lea counties, New Mexico and Culberson, Ector, and Hudspeth counties, Texas. Un- til recently (Jackson 1969) it was usually called Machaeranthera havardi (or Haplopappus havardiz) but this name is a synonym of M. viscida, an earlier name that had been “misplaced” in syn- onymy under the very different H. spinulosus (= M. pinnatifida) by Hall (1928). 8. Machaeranthera section Stenoloba R.L. Hartman, sect. nov. TYPE SPECIES: Machaeranthera stenoloba (E. Greene) Shinn. A Machaeranthera section Sideranthus achaeniis disci late obo- vatis vel leviter angusteque cordatis parietibus crassis costis promi- nentibus in quoque facie 5-6, dense pubescentibus marginibus in- crassatis, pappo 2-3 mm longis pro parte maxima setis subulatis valde dorsiventraliter complanatus. Plants taprooted annuals or possibly biennials, (1-)2-4 dm tall. Leaves deeply pinnatifid with linear to subulate lobes tipped by weak seta, often 460 PET Frere ci # volume 68(6):439-465 June 1990 bipinnatifid on lower part of plant. Heads radiate. Involucre depressed hemi- spheric. Phyllaries in 4-5 weakly graduated series, narrowly to broadly linear, lower portion rigid, stramineous, with a midline, upper half to two-thirds green or purple tinged, densely stipitate glandular, spreading to reflexed, long at- tenuate. Receptacles alveolate, with scales less than 0.2 mm long. Ray florets yellow. Achenes dimorphic, ca. 2.5-3.0 mm long, broadly obovate to obscurely and narrowly cordate, usually symmetrical, walls thick, with 10-12 promi- nent ribs, densely pubescent, margins markedly thickened; ray achenes wedge shaped in cross section; disc achenes compressed laterally. Pappus similar in ray and disc florets, 2-3 mm long, tawny, bristles subulate to filiform, in 3-5 graduated series, markedly dorsiventrally flattened basally. Chromosome number, n = 4 (Ralston, et al. 1989; G. Brown, unpubl.). Machaeranthera stenoloba (E. Greene) Shinn., Field & Lab. 18:40. 1950. BASIONYM: Eriocarpum stenolobum E. Greene, Erythea 2:109. 1894. TYPE: MEXICO. Chihuahua: Sierra Madre, sandy flats, Arroyo Ancho, 16 Oct 1887, C.G. Pringle 1303 (HOLOTYPE: NDG; Isotypes: GH!, NY!, PH!). Haplopappus stenolobus (E. Greene) H.M. Hall, Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash. 389:65. 1928. Aplopappus tenuilobus A. Gray er E. Greene, Erythea 2:109. 1894, pro syn., non A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 21:385,432. 1886. This very distinctive and showy species is restricted to the mountains of SW Chihuahua, México, having been collected only a few times and apparently rare (G.L. Nesom, pers. comm.). EXCLUDED SPECIES Haplopappus brickellioides S.F. Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 35:173. 1922. Type: U.S.A. Nevada: Nye Co., Sheep Mountain, Ash Meadows, May- Oct 1898, J.A. Purpus 6022 (HOLOTYPE: US [photo, RM!]; Isotypes: NY [photo, RM!], UC!). Hall (1928) included this species in Haplopappus section Blepharodon, but Jackson (1968) has shown that its affinities are with Haplopappus section Haz- ardia or the genus Hazardia (Clark 1979). Machaeranthera aurea (A. Gray) Shinn., Field & Lab. 18:41. 1950. = Hap- lopappus aureus A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, ser. 2, 4:76. 1849. Type: U.S.A. Texas: Harris Co.?, low prairies near Houston, Sep-Oct, C. Wright s.n. (HOLOTYPE: GH!; Isotypes: PH!, US!). Hartman: Conspectus of Machaeranthera (Asteraceae: Astereae) 461 This species is a member of the “Phyllocephalus” group of Haplopappus; see discussion below. Machaeranthera annua (Rydb.) Shinn., Sida 1:378. 1964. = Haplopappus annuus (Rydb.) Cory, Rhodora 38:407. 1936. BASIONYM: Stderan- thus annuus Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31:653. 1904, new name for Aplopappus rubiginosus Torrey & A. Gray in A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1(2):130. 1884, non Torrey & A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2:240. 1842. TYPE: U.S.A. Texas: T. Drummond 110 (HOLOTYPE: GH; Isotype: NY [photo, RM!J). This species is a member of the “Phyllocephalus” group of Haplopappus; see discussion below. Machaeranthera kingu (D. Eaton) Cronq. & Keck, Brittonia 9:239. 1957. = Aster king D. Eaton, Botany Fortieth Parallel 5:141,142, pl. 16. 1871. TYPE: U.S.A. Utah: above Cottonwood Canyon, Wasatch Mountains, 2748 m, Aug 1869, S. Watson 507 (HOLOTYPE: YU?; Isotypes: NY [photo, RM!], US [photo, RM!)). Machaeranthera kingit (D. Eaton) Cronq. & Keck var. barnebyana Welsh & Goodrich, Brittonia 33:299,300. 1981. = Aster kingzz D. Eaton. TYPE: U.S.A. Utah: Millard Co., Canyon Mountains, Eightmile Creek, 11 km WNW from Scipio, 2350 m, 12 Aug 1980, S. Goodrich 14929 (HOLOTYPE: BRY; Isotypes: GH, NY, RM!, UC, US [photo, RM!], USFS!, UT, UTC). Machaeranthera cognata (H.M. Hall) Cronq. & Keck, Brittonia 9:239. 1957. = Xylorhiza cognata (H.M. Hall) T.J. Watson (see Watson 1977, for a revision of Xylorhiza). Machaeranthera frutescens (S. Watson) Cronq. & Keck, Brittonia 9:239. 1957. = Xylorhiza frutescens (S. Watson) E. Greene, Pittonia 3:48. 1896 (see Watson 1977). Machaeranthera glabriuscula (Nutt.) Crong. & Keck, Brittonia 9:239. 1957. = Xylorhiza glabriuscula Nutt., Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., ser. 2, 7:297. 1840 (see Watson 1977). Machaeranthera glabriuscula (Nutt.) Cronq. & Keck var. confertifolia Crongq., Leafl. W. Bot. 10:11. 1963. = Xylorhiza confertifolia (Crong.) T.J. Watson (see Watson 1977). Machaeranthera glabriuscula (Nutt.) Crong. & Keck var. villosa (Nutt.) Cronq. & Keck, Brittonia 9:239. 1957. = Xylorhiza glabriuscula Nutt. var. glabriuscula (see Watson 1977). 462 PIPY TOL Osis volume 68(6):439-465 June 1990 Machaeranthera orcuttu (Vasey & Rose) Crong. & Keck, Brittonia 9:239. 1957. = Xylorhiza orcutti (Vasey & Rose) E. Greene, Pittonia 3:48. 1896 (see Watson 1977). Machaeranthera phyllocephala (DC.) Shinn., Field & Lab. 18:40. 1950. = Haplopappus phyllocephalus DC., Prodr. 5:347. 1936. TYPE: MEXICO. Tamaulipas: between San Fernando and Matamoros, 1832, J.L. Berlandter 2278 (HOLOTYPE: G [photo, RM!]; Isotypes: G, K, NY [photo, RM!}). This species is a member of the “Phyllocephalus” group of Haplopappus; see discussion below. Machaeranthera phyllocephala (DC.) Shinn. var. megacephala (Nash) Shinn., Field & Lab. 18:40. 1960. = Haplopappus phyllocephalus DC. BA- SIONYM: Eriocarpum megacephalum Nash, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 23:107. 1896. TYPE: U.S.A. Florida: Manatee Co., S shore of Sneed’s Island, near mouth of Manatee River, 21-23 Aug 1895, G.V. Nash 2432 (HOLO- TYPE: NY!: Isotypes: G, GH, K, NDG, PH (photo, RM!], US [photo, RM!)). This species is a member of the “Phyllocephalus” group of Haplopappus; see discussion below. Machaeranthera tortifolia (Torrey & A. Gray) Cronq. & Keck, Brittonia 9:239. 1957. = Xylorhiza tortifolia (Torrey & A. Gray) E. Greene, Pittonia 3:48. 1896 (see Watson 1977). Machaeranthera tortifolia (Torrey & A. Gray) Cronq. & Keck var. wmberbis Cronq., Leafl. W. Bot. 10:12. 1963. = Xylorhiza tortifolia (Torrey & A. Gray) E. Greene var. imberbis (Cronq.) T.J. Watson (see Watson 1977). Machaeranthera venusta (M.E. Jones) Crong. & Keck, Brittonia 9:239. 1957. = Xylorhiza venusta (M.E. Jones) A.A. Heller, Muhlenbergia 1:8. 1900 (see Watson 1977). Machaeranthera wrightti (A. Gray) Cronq. & Keck, Brittonia 9:239. 1957. = Xylorhiza wrightii (A. Gray) E. Greene, Pittonia 3:47. 1896 (see Watson 1977). The “Phyllocephalus” group of Haplopappus currently is under study by Hartman and Lane (Hartman & Lane 1984; Lane 1982; Lane & Hartman 1984; Lane & Hartman 1985; Lane, et al. 1987). It is part of an z = 6 chromosomal line which includes Jsocoma, Stephanodoria, Grindelia, Xanthocephalum, Oh- vaea, Prionopsis, probably Pyrrocoma and Oonopsis, and perhaps Xylorhiza. In addition to the common chromosomal base, most of these genera share a Hartman: Conspectus of Machaeranthera (Asteraceae: Astereae) 463 suite of characters including goblet shaped disc corollas, deltate style branch appendages, and corolla epidermal cells that are only 3 to 4 times longer than wide and have broad longitudinal ridges and transverse endwalls. The relation- ship of a subset of these genera is supported by a recent analysis of chloroplast DNA restriction site mutations (Nesom, et al. 1990). Furthermore, hybridiza- tion studies by Jackson & Dimas (1981) indicate that the “Phyllocephalus” group is closely related to, if not congeneric with, Jsocoma (or Haplopappus section [socoma). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My sincere thanks to Professor B.L. Turner for suggesting this problem and for his generous help and guidance. Appreciation is extended to Marshall C. Johnston for supplying Latin diagnoses and for reading the dissertation criti- cally. Likewise, Verne Grant and the late Walter V. Brown are acknowledged for their helpful suggestions as are curators of the following herbaria for loan of specimens: A, ARIZ, CAS, DS, F, GH, JEPS, KANU, LL, ND, NY, OS, PH, TEX, SD, SMU, UC, and US. I would like to thank Gregory K. Brown, Meredith A. Lane, David Morgan, B.E. Nelson, Guy Nesom, Neil Snow, and Billie Turner for their helpful reviews of this manuscript and Raymond C. Jackson for lengthy discussions of his perspective on the group. LITERATURE CITED Bundrant, T. 1987. Electrophoretic and cytogenetic study of section Machaer- anthera species and hybrids. Ph.D. diss., Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock, 141 pp. Clark, W.D. 1979. The taxonomy of Hazardia (Compositae: Astereae). Madrono 26:105-127. Cronquist, A. 1971. Note on Haplopappus gracilis and H. ravenii. Brittonia 23:292. Cronquist, A. & D.D. Keck. 1957. A reconstitution of the genus Machaer- anthera. Brittonia 9:231-239. Hall, H.M. 1928. The genus Haplopappus: a phylogenetic study in the Com- positae. Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash. 389: viii + 391 pp. 464 ray TOLOoCYs volume 68(6):439-465 June 1990 Hartman, R.L. 1976. A conspectus of Machaeranthera (Compositae: Aster- eae) and a biosystematic study of section Blepharodon. Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Texas, Austin, ix + 181 pp. Hartman, R.L. & M.A. Lane. 1984. Re-evaluation of the sectional classifica- tion of Machaeranthera (Compositae: Astereae). Amer. J. Bot. 71(no. 5, part 2):169 (abstract). . 1987. A new species of Machaeranthera section Psilactis (Aster- aceae: Astereae) from Coastal Texas. Brittonia 39:253-257. Jackson, R.C. 1962. Interspecific hybridization in Haplopappus and its bear- ing on chromosome evolution in the Blepharodon section. Amer. J. Bot. 49:119-135. 1968. Hybridization and classification of Haplopappus brickel- lowdes. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 47:1005-1012. . 1969. Nomenclatorial (sic) notes on Haplopappus and Machaeran- thera (Compositae). Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 71:521, 522. . 1971. Note on Haplopappus gracilis and H. ravenit-a reply. Brit- tonia 23:446. Jackson, R.C. & C.T. Dimas. 1981. Experimental evidence for system- atic placement of the Haplopappus phyllocephalus complex (Compositae). Syst. Bot. 6:8-14. Jackson, R.C. & R.R. Johnson. 1967. A new species of Machaeranthera section Pszlactis. Rhodora 69:476-480. Lane, M.A. 1982. Generic limits of Xanthocephalum, Gutierrezia, Amphi- achyris, Gymnosperma, Greenella, and Thurovia (Compositae: Aster- eae). Syst. Bot. 7:405-416. Lane, M.A. & R.L. Hartman. 1984. Correlation of microcharacters and chromosome number in homochromous Astereae (Compositae). Amer. J. Bot. 71(no. 5, part 2):176 (abstract). . 1985. Relationships among Astereae (Compositae) genera having z= 6. Amer. J. Bot. 72(6):959, 960 (abstract). Lane, M.A., R.L. Hartman, & G.K. Brown. 1987. Haplopappus II: Reality! Amer. J. Bot. 74:741 (abstract). Morgan, D. & B.B. Simpson. 1990. A systematic study of Machaeranthera (Asteraceae) and related groups using restriction site analysis of chloro- plast DNA. Syst. Bot. 15: (in press). Hartman: Conspectus of Machaeranthera (Asteraceae: Astereae) 465 Nesom, G.L. 1989. Aster intricatus (Asteraceae: Astereae) transferred to Machaeranthera. Phytologia 67:438-440. _____. 1990. Machaeranthera Nees, Jn: B.L. Turner & G.L. Nesom, Aster- aceae of México (in preparation). Nesom, G.L., Y. Suh, & B.B. Simpson. 1990. Phylogenetic position of Stephanodoria (Compositae: Astereae) with evidence from morphology, chromosome number, and chloroplast DNA. Brittonia 42: (in press). Nesom, G.L., L.A. Vorobik, & R.L. Hartman. 1990. The identity of Aster blepharophyllus (Asteraceae: Astereae). Syst. Bot. 15: (in press). Ralston, B., G. Nesom, & B.L. Turner. 1989. Documented plant chromosome numbers 1989: 1. Chromosome numbers in Mexican Asteraceae with special reference to the tribe Tageteae. Sida 13:359-368. Reveal, J.L. 1970. Machaeranthera ammophila (Compositae, Astereae), a new species from southern Nevada. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 97:171-173. Stucky, J. & R.C. Jackson. 1975. DNA content of seven species of Astereae and its significance to theories of chromosome evolution in the tribe. Amer. J. Bot. 62:509-518. Sundberg, $.D. 1986. The systematics of Aster subg. Ozytripolium (Composi- tae) and historically allied species. Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Texas, Austin, 247 pp. Turner, B.L. 1972. Transfer of Aster gentryi Standl. to the genus Machaer- anthera, sect. Psilactis. Phytologia 25:57, 58. . 1986. Reduction of Machaeranthera arida to varietal status under M. coulteri (Asteraceae-Astereae). Phytologia 61:143-146. . 1987. Taxonomic study of Machaeranthera, sections Machaeran- thera and Hesperastrum (Asteraceae). Phytologia 62:207-266. Turner, B.L. & R.L. Hartman. 1976. Infraspecific categories of Machaeran- thera pinnatifida (Compositae). Wrightia 5:308-315. Turner, B.L. & D. Horne. 1964. Taxonomy of Machaeranthera sect. Psilactis (Compositae-Astereae). Brittonia 16:316-331. Watson, T.J. 1977. The taxonomy of Xylorhiza (Asteraceae-Astereae). Brit- tonia 29:199-216. Phytologia (June 1990) 68(6):466. INDEX TO AUTHORS IN VOLUME 68 Bala, S. 276 MacRoberts M.H. 271, 428 Bridges, E.L. 382 McKenzie, P.M. 141 Castillo M., J.J. 390 Morgan, D.R. 174 Cheek, M. 85 Nesom, G.L. 122, 144, 174, 181, 186, 199, 202, 205, 229, 241, 247, 303, Cuatrecasas, J. 260 363, 366, 413 Dempster, L.T. 169 Nicolson, A.C. 120 Dutton, B.E. 333 Olsen, J. 137 Enquist, M. 293 Orzell, S.L. 382 Gandhi, K.N. 421 Rico-Gray, V. 102, 108, 113 Hartman, R.L. 439 Sachdeva, S.K. 276 Hershkovitz, M.A. 267 Silba, J. 7 Hodel, D.R. 390, 397, 401 Terrell, EE. 125 Jones, A.G. 171 Thomas, R.D. 333 Kartesz, J.T. 421 Turner, B.L. 79, 82, 90, 95, 98, 134, 138, 157, 160, 165, 234, 410, 435 Laferriére, J.E. 202, 255 batsch, L.E. 141 LeLong, M.G. 141 Ushates W: k, M.J. 1, 239, 417 MacRoberts, B.R. 271, 428 sie 466 Phytologia (June 1990) 68(6):467-510. INDEX TO TAXA IN VOLUME 68 Abies 8-23, 77, 78 alba 9, 11 var. acutifolza 11 var. alba 9 var. pardei 9 balsamea 10 var. balsamea 10 var. phanerolepis 10 beshanzuensis 13 boristi-regis 11 bornmuelleriana 21 chayuensis 16 chengti 17 chenstensis 10 var. chensiensis 10 var. salouensis 10 subsp. yulongzueshanensis 10 var. yulongzueshanensts 10 ctlicica 11 var. boristi-regis 11 concolor 11 var. concolor 11 var. baja-californica 11 var. lowitana 12 var. martinezi1t 12 delavay: 12, 78 var. delavay: 12 var. faberi 13 var. forrestii 16 var. georger 18 var. mutoensis 12 467 var. nukiangensis 13 var. smithi 18 var. equi-trojani 22 fanjingshanensis 15 faber: 13, 78 var. faberz 13, 14 var. beshanzuensis 13 subsp. minensis 14 var. minensis 14 var. ztyuanensis 14 fargesi 15 var. fanjingshanenstis 15 var. fargest 15 var. hupehensis 15 ferreana 17 forrestiz 16, 18 var. chayuensis 16 var. chengii 17 var. ferreana 17 var. forresti: 16 var. smithit 18 george 18 var. georget 18 var. smith 18 grandis 19 var. grandis 19 var. idahoensis 19 guatemalensis 20 var. guatemalensis 20 var. jaliscana 20 var. tacanensis 20 hickeli: 20 var. oazacana 20 468 PHY T OlOGT sé magnifica 21 var. shastensis 21 minensts 14 nordmanniana 21 var. bornmuelleriana 21, 22 var. equi-trojant 22 nukiangensts 13 oazacana 20 pardei 9 pinsapo 9, 22 procera 21 recurvata 15 religtosa 22 var. emarginata 22 rolit 17 salouensis 10 spectabilts 22 var. langtangensis 22 tacanensis 20 vejart 23 var. macrocarpa 23 var. vejari 23 yuana 17 yuanbaoshanensts 14 yunnanensis 73 ziyuanensis 14 Acacia 217, 312 Acalypha 346 gracilens 346 var. gractlens 346 ostrytfolia 346 Acanthaceae 338 Acer 273, 338, 429, 432 rubrum 273, 338, 429, 432 Aceraceae 273, 338 Achyrocline 181-185, 241, 242, 248, 363-365 defleza 181-184, 365 guerreroana 363-365 volume 68(6): 467-510 oazacana 363-365 ramosissima 185 satureoides 181 turnert 181-184, 363-365 ventosa 181, 182, 184, 365 yunckert 181, 182 Acmella 340 oppositifolia 340 var. repens 340 Acnida 339 tamariscina 339 Aconogonum 424 alaskanum 424 Acourtia 437 Aeschynomene 347 indica 347 virginica 347 Agalinis 274, 357 fasciculata 357 maritima 357 obtusifolta 274 Agathis 8, 23, 75, 77 macrophylla 23 var. macrophylla 23 var. obtusa 23 obtusa 23 stlbae 23 Agave 218 Ageratina 95, 165 cardiophylla 95, 97 macdonaldi 165 macvaughi: 97 moorei 95, 96 prunellifolia 165, 166 Agropyron 287, 291 junceum 287, 291 June 1990 Index to taxa in Volume 68 469 Agrostis 352 hiemalis 352 Aizoaceae 102, 103, 107, 338 Aletris 272 aurea 272 Aleyrodidae 420 Alismataceae 338 Allium 350 bivalve 350 Alloispermum 134-136 gonzalezae 134, 135 hebmanniz 135 longiradiatum 134, 135 michoacanum 134, 135 var. liebmannii 134, 135 var. michoacanum 135, 136 palmert 134-136 var. lancifoltum 134, 136 tridacoides 134-136 Alnus 273 serrulata 273 Alopecurus 352 carolinianus 352 Alternanthera 338 paronychioides 338 philozeroides 338 Amaranthaceae 338 Amaranthus 338, 339 australis 338 gracilis 338 rudis 339 viridis 338 Amaryllidaceae 255, 258, 272 Ambrosia 340 artemistifolia 340 pstlostachya 340 trifida 340 Amentotazus 24 argoentia 24 var. brevifolia 24 assamica 25 formosana 25 yunnanensis 24 var. assamica 25 var. formosana 25 var. potlane: 25 var. yunnanensis 24 Ammannia 350 coccinea 350 Amorpha 347 fruticosa 347 var. fruticosa 347 Ampelopsis 359 arborea 359 Amphiachyris 464 Amsonia 339 tabernaemontana 339 Anacardiaceae 273, 339 Anagallis 356 arvensis 356 minima 356 Anaphalis 241, 367-369, 373, 380, 381 aecidiocephala 367, 368, 373 chilensts 367 concinna 367, 368, 374 margaritacea 367 Andropogon 273, 352, 354 glomeratus 352 saccharoides 352 scopartus 354 ternarius 273 470 PHY POL OGLVA virginicus 352 Anemone 356 caroliniana 356 Antsophylla 114 Anotis 130 salzmannii 130 Antennarta 248 Anthaenantia 273, 274 rufa 273, 274 villosa 274 Aphanactis 138-140 macdonald: 138, 139 obtusata 138 Aphelinidae 420 Apiaceae 273, 339 Aptum 339 leptophyllum 339 Aptos 347 americana 347 Aplopappus 151, 443, 451, 457, 458, 460, 461 arenarius 457 brandege: 443 blephariphyllus 451 gracilis 457 gymnocephalus 443 junceus 458 martirensis 151 tenutlobus 460 rubigenosus 461 Apocynaceae 339, 419 Aquifoliaceae 273, 339, 421 Araceae 339 Araucaria 26 cunninghamit 26 var. papuana 26 volume 68(6): 467-510 hunsteznit 26 var. klinkiz 26 klinkt 26 schmidiz 26 Araucariaceae 75 Archibaccharis 122 sect. Archibaccharis 122-124 auriculata 123 hieraciotdes 122, 123 macdonaldii 122, 123 nephocephala 122-124 peninsularis 123 serratifolia 123, 124 Arctostaphylos 216 pungens 216 Arecaceae 339, 390, 397, 401 Aristida 352, 386 longespica 352 virgata 386 Aristiolochiaceae 156 Arnoglossum 386 ovatum 386 Aronia 274, 432 arbutifolia 274, 432 Artemisia 154, 155, 165, 312 campestris 165, 166 var. caudata 165 caudata 166 var. calvescens 166 Arthrazon 352 hispidus 352 Asanthus 412 Asclepiadaceae 339 Asclepias 339 lanceolata 339 June 1990 Index to taxa in Volume 68 471 Ascyrum 343 Astereae 122, 124, 144, 154, 155, 174, 179, 180, 202, 204, 205, 227, 229, 233, 248, 273, 303, 331, 332, 340, 341, 380, 439 Astranthium 227 hypericoides 343 Asophora 116 Aspleniaceae 337 Atriplez 155, 343 Asplenitum 337 arenaria 343 platyneuron 337 Aster 207, 219, 273, 340, 341, 439, 440, 442, 450-452, 454, 455, 457, 461, 465 subgen. Almutaster 455 blepharophyllus 442, 446, 447, 451, 465 boltoniae 454 brevilingulatus 454 carnosus 451 dieterta 457 ertcoides 273 gentry: 454, 465 gracilis 457 hydrophyllus 455 intricatus 451, 465 kingtt 461 subgen. Ozytripolium 465 parviflorus 450 parvulus 450 pauciflorus 455 riparius 452, 455 sonorae 452 subulatus 340 var. ligulatus 340 spinosa 341 tanacetifolia 440, 450 var. pygmaeus 450 Asteraceae 79, 82, 90, 95, 98, 122, 134, 136, 138, 140, 144, 154, 155, 157, 160, 165, 174, 179-181, 186, 197-199, 201, 202, 204, 205, 227, 229, 233, 234, 241, 246, 247, 254, 273, 303, 332, 340, 363, 365, 366, 381, 410, 412, 413, 416, 421, 422, 435, 439 patula 343 subsp. hastata 343 var. hastata 343 Austrutheria 114 Azonopus 352 affinis 352 Azolla 337 caroliniana 337 Azollaceae 337 Baccharts 206, 232, 248, 340 halimifolia 340 ivaefolia 232 Bacopa 357 caroliniana 357 monniert 357 rotundifolia 357 Baldunia 386 uniflora 386 Baptista 290 Bartlettina 167 breedlovei 167 Bartonia 273, 386 paniculata 273, 386 Bataceae 108, 111, 341 Batidaceae 108, 111, 112 Batis 108-112, 341 argillicola 109, 112 maritima 108-111, 341 Beaufortia 89 472 PHYTOLGOGTA Belloa 197, 249 Benttoa 175, 180 Berberts 252 scheideana 252 Betulaceae 273 Bidens 340, 386 laevis 340 mitis 386 Bigelovia 150, 451 arborescens 150 brachylepis 150 cooperz 150 intricatus 451 nelsoni 151 parishii 151 spathulata 150 Bignoniaceae 341 Blyza 348 aubertz: 348 Boehmerta 358 cylindrica 358 Boerhaavia 351 diffusa 351 Boltonia 340 asteroides 340 Boraginaceae 341 Borrichia 340 frutescens 340 Bothriochloa 352 longipaniculata 352 saccharoides 352 Brachiaria 352 platyphylla 352 Brasenia 351 volume 68(6): 467-510 June 1990 schrebert 351 Brassica 342 juncea 342 var. crisptfolia 342 var. longidens 342 kaber 342 Brassicaceae 342 Brickellia 90-94, 160-164, 234-238 betonicifolia 160 brachiata 234, 237 var. adenopoda 236 conduplicata 160, 161, 163 coulter: 234-236 var. adenopoda 234-237 var. brachiata 234-237 var. coultert 234-237 f. eglandescens 234 var. megalodonta 237 cylindracea 160 lemmonii 160-163 var. carmenensis 160-162 var. conduplicata 160-164 var. lemmonii 160-164 var. nelsoni: 160-164 var. wootoni 160, 163 megalodonta 234, 237 nelsonit 161, 163 oreithales 90, 92 saltillensis 92 secundiflora 90, 92, 94 viejensts 163 wendii 90, 91 worthingtoni 90, 92, 93 Briza 291, 352 minor 352 Bromeliaceae 342 Bromus 352 untolotdes 352 Index to taxa in Volume 68 Brunnichia 355 cirrhosa 355 ovata 355 Buddleta 417 Bumelia 357, 425 lanuginosa 357, 425 var. albicans 425 reclinata 425 var. austrofloridensis 425 subtomentosa 425 Burmanniaceae 272 Burmannia 272, 386 capitata 272, 386 Cabomba 342 caroliniana 342 Cabombaceae 342 Caesalpinaceae 342 Cakile 342 geniculata 342 © Calandrinia 169, 170, 267, 268, 269 sect. Amarantoideae 269 sect. Cistanthe 269 grandiflora 269 maritima 269 nevadensis 169, 170 pygmaea 169, 170 salsoloides 268 tweedy: 268 Calea 134-136 lebmannti 135 palmer: 136 Callicarpa 358 americana 358 Callitrichaceae 342 Callitriche 342 heterophylla 342 peploides 342 Callitris 74 Calocedrus 74 Calopogon 273 tuberosus 273 Calyptridium 267, 268, 270 monandrum 267 monospermum 267 parry1 268 pygmaeum 268 quadripetalum 268 roseum 268 umbellatum 270 Calystegia 343 septum 343 Campanulaceae 273, 342 Campsis 341 radicans 341 Canna 343 flaccida 343 Cannaceae 343 Caperonia 346 palustris 346 Capparales 109 Caprifoliaceae 273, 343 Cardamine 342 hirsuta 342 pensylvanica 342 Cardiospermum 357 halicacabum 357 Carduus 340 spinossissimus 340 Carez 272, 344, 386, 389 albolutescens 344 473 474 PHYTOL GGA cephalophora 344 complanata 344 eztlis 386, 389 flaccosperma 344 glaucescens 272, 344 hyalinolepis 344 reniformis 344 retrofleza 344 var. retrofleza 344 Carya 348 aquatica 348 tllinoensis 348 Caryophyllaceae 109, 343 Caryophyllales 109 Caryophyllidae 109 Cassia 342 fasciculata 342 var. puberula 342 marilandica 342 obtusifolia 342 Cassipourea 113-115 belizensis 115 elliptica 115 gutanensis 113, 115 macrodonta 115 podantha 115 Casuarinaceae 156 Celtis 358 laevigata 358 Cenchrus 287, 291, 352 echinatus 352 incertus 352 tribuloides 352 Centella 339 astatica 339 Centrosema 347 volume 68(6): 467-510 June 1990 virginianum 347 Centunculus 356 minimus 356 Cephalanthus 356 occidentalis 356 Cephalotazus 8, 26, 27, 75 drupacea 27 var. sinensis 27 fortune: 26 var. alpina 26 var. concolor 26 var. lanceolata 27 harringtonia 27 var. harringtonia 27 var. stnensis 27 lanceolata 27 sinensis 27 Cerastium 343 glomeratum 343 Ceratophyllaceae 343 Ceratophyllum 343 demersum 343 muricatum 343 Ceratopteris 338 pteridotdes 338 Cercis 342 canadensis 342 Chaerophyllum 339 tainturteri 339 Chamaecrista 342 fasciculata 342 littoralis 342 mississippiensts 342 Chamaedorea 390, 391, 393, 394, 396-398, 400-404, 406, 407, 409 adscendens 393, 396, 397, 400 Index to taxa in Volume 68 475 aequalis 403 agutlariana 390, 393 bracypoda 403 castillo-montit 393, 396-398, 400 subg. Chamaedoropsis 393, 397, 400, 401, 403, 406 concolor 390, 393 foveata 403, 404, 406 micrantha 390, 393 pumila 406, 409 queroana 406, 407, 409 rhizomatosa 401-403 robertii 397, 400 rojastana 390, 393 stolonifera 403 verapazensis 390, 391, 393 vistae 406 volcanensis 393, 394, 396, 397, 400 vulgata 403, 406 Chamaelaucium 89 Chamaesyce 346 glyptosperma 346 maculata 346 nutans 346 serpens 346 Chaptalia 273 tomentosa 273 Chenopodiaceae 109, 343 Chenopodium 343 album 343 ambrosioides 343 berlandieri 343 Chionolaena 366-370, 373, 374, 376, 377, 379, 380, 381 aecidiocephala 368-370, 373 arbuscula 368, 369 sect. Chionolaena 369 colombiana 369 concinna 368, 370, 374 corymbosa 379 eleagnoides 368, 376 jeffreyt 369 lavendulaceum 377 sect. Leucopholis 369 lychnophoroides 369 sartori 379 Chloris 353 petraea 353 Chromalaena 167 breedlover 167 Chrysoma 150 fasciculata 150 Chrysothamnus 145, 147-149, 154, 155, 175, 176, 207 bloomerit 152 bolandert 154 eremobius 154 nanus 152 nauseosus 145 resinosus 152 Ciclospermum 339 leptophyllum 339 Cinnamomum 349 camphora 349 Cirstum 340 horridulum 340 Cistanthe 267, 268, 269, 270 sect. Amarantoideae 269 ambigua 269 anceps 269 sect. Calyptridium 267 celostotdes 269 sect. Cistanthe 269 grandiflora 269 476 PHY TOLOGHA guadalupensis 269, 270 maritima 269 monandra 267 monosperma 267 parry: 268 sect. Philippiamra 269 pulchella 268 pygmaea 268 quadripetala 268 rosea 268 salsoloides 269 sect. Strophiolum 268 tweedyt 268 umbellata 268 Citrus 357 reticulata 357 Cladium344 jamascense 344 Claytonia 267, 355 ambigua 269 virginica 355 Clematis 356 crispa 356 Clethra 123 Clusia 120 Clusiaceae 273, 343 Combretaceae 119 Compositae 81, 124, 154, 155, 168, 179, 180, 185, 197, 198, 201, 226, 227, 233, 245, 254, 314, 331, 332, 380, 381, 416, 427, 438 Cocculus 350 carolinus 350 Coleosanthes 163 densus 163 lemmonii 163 wootont 163 volume 68(6): 467-510 June 1990 Colocasia 339 antiquorum 339 Commelina 343 caroliniana 343 Commelinaceae 343 Coniferae 7, 8, 78 Conoclinium 340 coelestinum 340 Convolvulaceae 343 Convolvulus 343 arvensis 343 sepium 343 Conyza 202, 205-208, 214, 215, 217-225, 227- 233, 340 aegyptica 231, 232 altoandina 214 andicola 215 apurensis 232 artemistifolia 215 blake: 232 bonartensis 232, 340 burkarti: 232 canadensis 231, 232, 340 sect. Caenotus 231 catharinensts 232 chilensis 231 confusa 217 coronoptfolia 207, 232 coultert 217, 225 var. tenutsecta 225 dentonae 222 ertophylla 218 erythrolaena 224 evacioides 220 filaginoides 219 floribunda 232 gnaphalioides 207, 217, 220 Index to taxa in Volume 68 477 gouani 232 ivaefolta 230, 232 sect. Laennecia 206, 207 lassertana 221 limosa 231 microcephala 232 microglossa 222 mima 222 notobellidastrum 232 pampeana 232 pinnata 231 podocephala 231 primulaefolia 231, 232 prolialba 223 var. subspicata 224 pulchella 220, 225 pulcherrima 220 pyrrhopappa 230 ramosissima 231, 232 rivularts 232 saltensts 232 schiedeana 224 senectoides 215 serpentaria 225 sophitfolta 208, 225 sordescens 232 stricta 230 subdecurrens 224 subscaposa 231 tigrensis 231 trihecatactis 232 uliginosa 232 welwitschii 230 Conyzella 217, 231 coultert 217 Coreopsis 273, 386 lintfolia 273, 386 Cornaceae 344 Cornus 344, 429, 432 drummondu 344 florida 429, 432 foemina 344 subsp. foemina 344 stricta 344 Coronopus 342 didymus 342 Corydalis 347 micrantha 347 subsp. australis 347 var. australis 347 Crassula 344 aquatica 344 Crassulaceae 344 Crataegus 293-298, 300-302, 356 brazoria 297 crus-gall: 295, 301 dallastana 293, 296-298 erythropoda 301 glabriuscula 301 mollis 297 reverchonit 294-296 var. discolor 295 var. stevensiana 294, 295 stevensiana 293-296 tezana 297 tracyt 301 turnerorum 293, 298, 300, 301 uvaldensts 301 viburnifolia 297 viridis 356 wootoniana 301 Crepis 165, 166, 168, 341 barber: 166 japonica 341 runcinata 165, 166 478 PHYTOLOGIA var. barber: 165, 166 Crinum 350 americanum 350 Croptilon 175, 180 Croton 346 captitatus 346 var. captitatus 346 glandulosus 346 monanthogynus 346 punctatus 346 Cryptomerta 77 japonica 77 Cucumis 344 melo 344 var. dudaim 344 Cucurbitaceae 344 Cupressaceae 76, 78, 338 Cupressus 8, 27-31, 74, 77, 78, 216 arizonica 27 var. montana 27 austro-tibetica 28 cashmeriana 29, 77 chengiana 28 var. jiangeensis 28 duclouziana 28 goveniana 28 var. pygmaea 28 himalaica 28 var. darjeelingensis 29 lusitanica 29, 67 var. hondurensis 30 var. lindley: 30 var. lusitanica 29, 30 macrocarpa 28 royle: 30 sempervirens 30, 31 var. horizontalis 30 volume 68(6): 467-510 June 1990 var. indica 30, 31 whitleyana 30 Cuscuta 344 campestris 344 cuspidata 344 indecora 344 var. indecora 344 pentagona 344 var. pentagona 344 Cuscutaceae 344 Cynoctonum 273, 350 mitreola 350 sessilifolium 273 Cynodon 280, 283, 291, 352 dactylon 280, 283, 291, 352 Cyperaceae 272, 344, 420 Cyperus 344, 345, 381 articulatus 344 digitatus 344 elegans 344 erythrorhizos 344 esculentus 344 filicinus 345 globosus 344 haspan 344 hermaphroditus 344 irta 344 odoratus 344 ovularis 344 var. cylindricus 344 ozylepis 345 polystachyos 345 var. filicinus 345 pseudovegetus 345 retrosus 345 rotundus 345 virens 345 Index to taxa in Volume 68 479 Cytisus 417 var. marittmum 2 Dacrydium 31, 75 subsp. purpureum 1, 2 cornwalliana 31 scopulorum 5 gracilis 31 var. stachydeum 5 ericoides 31 stachydeum 1, 5 leptophyllum 31 vartegatum 1, 2, 3 subsp. kinkiense 1, 2, 3 Dactyloctentum 280, 292, 352 Dennstaedticeae 272 aegypttum 280, 292, 352 Desmodium 347 Dactylopetalum 114 perplezum 347 Dammara 23 Dichanthelium 273, 353, 354 obtusa 23 natum 273, 354 Daubentonia 347 acuminatum var. densiflorum 354 drummondii 347 var. implicatum 354 Daucus 339 var. lindhetmeri 354 pusillus 339 commutatum 353 Decodon 350 dichotomum 353 scabriusculum 273 verticillatus 350 ; scopartum 273, 354 Decussocarpus 8, 38 . spaherocarpon 354 Delphinium 1-6 . Dichondra 343 abietorum 5 | carolinensis 343 carolinianum 1, 4, 6 subsp. calciphilum 1, 4, 5 Dicotyledones 120 subsp. carolinianum 4, 5 Dichromena 345, 386 subsp. vimineum 4 colorata 345 subsp. vt 2:5 re os ae Bird latifolia 386 glaucum 5 ay Dieteria 456, 457 hansenii 1, 3 subsp. ewanianum 1, 3 gracilis 457 subsp. hansenii 3 sect. Sideranthus 456 subsp. kernense 3 subgen. Sideranthus 456 kinkiense 2 spinulosa 456 er Digitaria 353 subsp. pallidum 1, 2 var. pallidum 2 adscendens 353 subsp. purpureum 2 ciliarts 353 parry: 1, 2, 3 sangutnalis 353 subsp. maritimum 1, 2 Diodia 273, 356 480 PRY TOL Geshe teres 356 virginiana 273, 356 var. virginiana 356 Dimorphanthes 231 Diospyros 346 virginiana 346 Diplachne 353 fascicularis 353 uninervia 353 Diplopappus 150, 458 ertcoides 150 pinnatifidus 458 Diplostephium 248 Distichlis 353 spicata 353 Drosera 85-89, 273, 386 brevifolta 273 sect. Bryastrum 85, 88 sect. Lamprolepis 85, 88, 89 leucoblasta 86, 88 mannit 85-88 occidentalis 88 pulchella 88, 89 pygmaea 88, 89 rechingert 85 scorptoides 85 tracy: 386 Droseraceae 85, 89, 273 Dyscritogyne 412 Dyssodia 165, 166, 168 anthemidifolia 166 appendiculata 166 aurantia 166 littoralis 166 neomezicana 166 var. pulcherrima 166 volume 68(6): 467-510 pulcherrima 165, 166 Ebenaceae 346 Echinochloa 353 colona 353 crusgall: 353 waltert 353 Echinodorus 338 cordifolius 338 Eclipta 340 alba 340 prostrata 340 Edemias 231, 232 Edrastima 128 uniflora 128 Egeria 348 densa 348 E:xchhornia 355 crasstpes 355 Eleocharis 272, 345 acicularis 345 atropurpurea 345 baldwinii 345 caribaea 345 cellulosa 345 elongata 345 equisetoides 345 fallaz 345 flavescens 345 macrostachya 345 microcarpa 272 montana 345 montevidensis 345 obtusa 345 tuberculosa 272 var. obtusa 345 oltvacea 345 June 1990 Index to taxa in Volume 68 481 parvula 345 quadrangulata 345 Elephantopus 340 carolinianus 340 Eleusine 353 indica 353 Elodea 348 densa 348 Elychrysum 375, 377 lavendulaefolium 375, 377 Elymus 353 virginicus 353 Encarsia 420 formosa 420 Encelia 165, 167, 168 actoni 167 frutescens 167 var. actont: 167 virginensts 165, 167 subsp. actonz 167 var. actoni: 165, 167 Equisetaceae 338 Equisetum 338 hyemale 338 var. affine 338 Eragrostis 353 ellsottit 353 hypnoides 353 Erechtites 340 hieraciifolia 340 Erianthus 353 giganteus 353 Ericaceae 273 Ericameria 144-155, 174-176, 180 arborescens 150 sect. Asiris 152 austrotezana 153 bloomer: 145, 152 brachylepis 150 cervina 152 compacta 144, 152 coopert 145-147, 150 subsp. bajacalifornica 150 var. bajacalifornica 150 crispa 144, 152 cuneata 150, 155 var. macrocephala 150 var. spathulata 150 diffusa 153 discoidea 144, 153 var. linearts 144, 153 sect. Ericamerta 150 ertcoides 147, 150 fasciculata 150 gilmanii 144, 153 greener 144, 153 juarezensis 151 laricifolia 151 linearifolia 145, 146, 151 sect. Macronema 152 martirensts 151 microphylla 149, 150 monactis 150 nana 152 nelsonii 151 obovata 144, 152 ophiditis 144, 153 palmeri 147, 151 var. pachylepis 151 parish: 147, 151 var. peninsularis 151 parrasana 145, 153 pintfolia 147, 151 482 Erigeron 202, 203, 205-207, 215, 219-221, PHYTOLO GIA pseudobaccharis 153 purpusi 153 restnosa 152 riskindt 153 sect. Stenotopsis 145, 151 suffruticosa 144, 152, 153 triantha 154 watsoni 144, 152 ztonts 144, 153 224, 227, 229-231, 233, 340 aegyptica 231 andicola 215 artemistifolia 215 bonarzensis 340 sect. Caenotus 229, 231 canadensis 231, 340 var. pusillus 340 chinense 231 sect. Cincinnactis 230 sect. Conyza 231 discotdeus 217 divaricatum 231 ertophyllus 202, 203, 216, 218 sect. Fruticosus 230 gnaphalioides 217 gouani: 231 lintfolius 340 microglossus 221 niveus 220 oreophilus 207 philadelphicus 340 pustllus 340 schiedeanus 224 senectotdes 215 siculum 231 sect. Spinos: 230 subdecurrens 224 volume 68(6): 467-510 subspicatus 224 var. lerocarpus 224 tenuis 340 sect. Wyomingia 230 Eriocarpum 444, 457, 458, 460 gracilis 457 grindelioides 444 junceum 458 megacephalum 462 stenolobum 460 Eriocaulaceae 272, 275, 389 Eriocaulon 272, 386 compressum 386 decangulare 272, 386 Eriochloa 353 punctata 353 Eryngium 273, 386 integrifoltum 273, 386 Erythrocoma 425 canescens 425 Eschenbachia 217, 225, 231 coultert 217 globosa 231 tenutsecta 225 Espletia 223 Euchiton 242 June 1990 Eupatorieae 82, 90, 95, 160, 234, 410, 412 Eupatorium 165, 167, 273, 340 breedlovet 167 capullifolium 340 coelestinum 340 compositifolium 340 fistulosum 273 guerreroanum 165, 167 leucolepis 273 rotundifolium 273 Index to taxa in Volume 68 483 rzedowskit 165, 167 serotinum 340 sinaloense 167 surutatoanum 165, 167 tenejapanum 165, 167 Euphorbia 346 dentata 346 glyptosperma 346 maculata 346 nutans 346 serpens 346 Euphorbiaceae 346 Eustachys 353 petraea 353 Eustoma 37 ezaltatum 347 EButhamia 144, 155, 180, 340 gymnospermoides 340 leptocephala 340 tenutfolia 340 Fabaceae 89, 273, 347, 421, 423 Fagaceae 347 Fagus 429 grandifolia 429 Falcatifolium 31, 32 falciforme 32 gruezor 31 sleumeri 31 usan-apuensts 32 Festuca 355 octoflora 355 Ficus 351 cartca 351 Filago 187 Fimbrillaria 231, 232 Fimbristylts 345 castanea 345 muiltacea 345 spadicea 345 Floscaldasia 207 Frazinus 351 pensylvanica 351 Fuirena 272, 345, 386 breviseta 345 squarrosa 272, 345, 386 Fumariaceae 347 Gaillardia 340 pulchella 340 Galinsoga 135 Galinsoginae 136, 138 Galium 356, 357 aparine 356 tinctortum 357 Gamochaeta 186-201, 242, 246, 248, 249, 254, 413, 416 americana 186, 189-192, 195, 200 calviceps 193 falcata 186, 190, 192, 193, 196 guatemalensts 191 trazuensts 199, 200 pensylvanica 186, 190, 191, 193, 195 purpurea 186, 189-192, 194, 195, 197, 199 sphacilata 186, 190, 195, 196 spicata 191 stachydifolia 197 standley: 199, 200 subfalcata 192, 193 ustulata 186, 190, 196, 197 Garrya 216 Gaura 351 484 PHYTOLEOGiA«#A lindhermert 351 longiflora 351 Gelsimium 273 sempervirens 273 Gentianaceae 273, 347 Geraniaceae’348 Geranium 348 carolinianum 348 Gerardia 357 fasciculata 357 maritima 357 Geum 356, 425 canadense 356 triflorum 425 var. canescens 425 var. ciliatum 425 Gleditsia 342 triacanthos 342 Glottidtum 347 vestcarium 347 Gnaphaliinae 186, 188, 197-199, 241, 242, 245-249, 254, 369, 380, 381, 416 Gnaphaliothamnus 248, 366-380, 413, 416 aecidiocephalus 366, 372-374 concinnus 366, 372-374 costaricensis 366, 371, 372, 374, 376, 378 cryptocephalus 366, 371, 372, 375, 376, 378, 379 eleagnoides 366, 372, 373, 376, 377, 379 lavendulaefolius 366, 370-372, 375- 379 macdonaldii 366, 371, 372, 376, 378 rhodanthus 370 salicifolius 366, 368-370, 372, 373, 376-380 sartori: 366, 371, 372, 379, 380 volume 68(6): 467-510 June 1990 Gnaphalium 181, 186-201, 241-243, 245-249, 340, 341, 363, 364, 366-370, 373, 374, 376-379, 381, 413, 414-416, 422, 426 subg. Achyrocline 181 aecidiocephalum 373 americanum 189, 190, 192 attenuatum 364 calviceps 192 chartaceum 413, 414 concinnum 367, 374 elegans 413 eleagnoides 376 sect. Euchiton 242 sect. Eurhodognaphalium 370 falcatum 192 flavocephalum 413-416 sect. Gamochaeta 189, 198 subg. Gamochaeta 189 guatemalense 191 heterotdes 192, 193 hintoniorum 413, 414, 416 hypochionaeum 376 indicum 187, 422, 426 lavendulaceum 375, 377 lavendulaefolium 377 sect. Metalastopsis 370 obtusifolium 340 sect. Omalotheca 243 ozyphyllum 413, 414 pannosum 196 pauciflorum 187 pedunculosum 195 pensilvanicum 193, 340 peregrinum 193 polycaulon 187, 422 purpureum 189, 194, 340, 341 var. falcatum 192, 340 var. americanum 190 var. purpureum 341 Index to taxa in Volume 68 485 var. spathulatum 193 var. sphacilatum 195 var. sptcatum 191, 192 var. standley1 199 var. ustulatum 196 rhodanthum 370, 379 sect. Rhodognaphalium 366, 367, 370 subg. Rhodognaphalium 370 rosaceum 194 salictfolzum 367, 378 sarmentosum 247, 252 sartorit 379 satureoides 181 seemanntt 370, 379 spathulatum 193, 341 sphacilatum 195 spicatum 191 stachydifolium 192 var. faleatum 192 var. sphacilatum 195 stagnale 192 . stolonatum 248, 367 subfalcatum 192 sect. Synchaeta 244 uliginosum 186 ustulatum 196, 197 Gramineae 291 Grangeinae 207, 227 Gratiola 274, 357 ptlosa 274 sphaerocarpa 357 virginiana 357 Greenella 464 Grindelia 179, 303-331, 462 angustifolia 327 aphanactts 303-305, 310 arizonica 303-305, 310 var. artzonica 319 var. dentata 318 var. microphylla 318 var. neomezicana 303, 318, 319 var. stenophylla 319 decumbens 319 eligulata 303, 306, 311 grandiflora 304, 309 greener 303, 324 greenmanit 317, 329, 330 havardzz 303, 308, 315, 319, 320 hintontorum 303, 317, 328, 329 inulotdes 303, 312, 314-317, 322, 324- 329 var. glandulosa 303, 325-327 var. hirtella 303, 326, 327, 329 var. inulotdes 303, 326-328 var. latampleza 303, 325, 327 var. microcephala 322 lanceolata 303, 304, 308, 309, 320, 324 var. greenei 303, 324 var. lanceolata 308, 324 var. tezana 308, 324 littoralis 324, 325 macvaughi 303, 312, 313 microcephala 303, 304, 307, 309, 318, 321, 331 var. adenodonta 303, 322, 323 f. angusttor 323 var. microcephala 303, 322 var. montana 303, 323 var. pusilla 303, 322, 323 montana 323 nelsonit 303, 315, 316 neomezicana 303, 318 nuda 303-306, 310, 311 var. aphanactis 303, 305, 306, 310 var. nuda 306, 310 oazacana 303, 316, 323, 324 obovattfolia 309, 330 ozylepts 303, 304, 307, 310-315 486 PHYTOLOGIA var. eligulata 303, 310, 311 f. capttella 312 palmert 316, 319 pinnatifida 306, 310 robinsonit 309, 330 scabra 303, 308, 309, 319-321 var. neomezicana 303, 319-321 setulifera 318 squarrosa 303-305, 326 var. hirtella 326 var. nuda 304, 305, 310 f{. angustior 304-306, 310 var. squarrosa 304 subdecurrens 303, 311-313, 315 sublanuginosa 315, 316, 324 tenella 304, 309 tezana 324 turneri 303, 313-315, 317 vetimontis 303, 317, 330 Gutterrezia 464 Gymnosperma 464 Habenaria 352 repens 352 Halimus 104 portulacastrum 104 Halogoraceae 348 Hamamelidaceae 273, 348 Hamamelidae 109 Haplopappus 144-155, 174, 175, 177-180, 341, 439, 445, 457-464 aberrans 177 alpinus 177, 179 annuus 460 arborescens 150 subsp. peninsularts 151 sect. Asiris 144-149, 152, 175, 180 aureus 460 volume 68(6): 467-510 June 1990 sect. Blepharodon 174, 177, 443, 460, 464 bloomer: 145, 147, 152 subsp. compactus 152 var. ophitidis 153 brachylepis 150 brickellioides 460, 464 cervinus 152 compactus 152 cooper: 150 crtspus 152 cuneatus 150 var. spathulata 150 eastwoodae 150 sect. Ericameria 144, 155, 175 ertcoides 149, 150 sect. Eriocarpaea 444 ezimius 178 var. petrsonit 178 gilmani 153 gracilis 463, 464 graniticus 178 greener 153 sect. Gymnocoma 154, 179 havardii 458, 459 sect. Havardii 458 sect. Hazardia 175, 460 sect. Hesperodoria 148, 175 interior 152 sect. Jsocoma 175, 463 sect. Isopappus 175, 180 juarezensis 151 larictfoltus 151 linearifoltus 151, 155 var. interior 152 lyalls: 178 sect. Macronema 144-149, 152, 175, 176, 180, 207 macronema 145, 153 Index to taxa in Volume 68 var. linearis 153 microcephalus 179 monactis 150 nanus 152 obovatus 152 occidentalis 152 sect. Oonopsis 175 ophitidis 153 sect. Oreochrysum 148, 175, 176 sect. Osbertia 175 palmerz 151 subsp. pachylepis 151 parisht 151 petrsonti 178 phyllocephalus 341, 462, 464 pintfoltus 151 sect. Polyphylla 174 sect. Pionopsis 175 propinguus 150 purpusi 145 pygmaeus 178 sect. Pyrrocoma 175 ravenit 457, 458, 463, 464 resinosus 152 rhizomatus 439, 445 rydbergii 152 salicinus 175, 177 spinulosus 459 stenolobus 460 sect. Stenotopsis 144-146, 151, 175 sect. Stenotus 148, 175, 176 suffruticosus 153 sect. Tonestus 148, 175-177 viscidus 459 watsoni 152 var. rydbergii 152 wigginsi: 458 ztonts 153 Harpalium 422 rigidum 422 Hazardia 149, 174, 175, 179, 460, 463 Hedyotideae 125, 133 Hedyotis 125, 126, 128-133, 357 auricularta 128 boscw 129 callitrichoides 131 corymbosa 128 crassifolia 357 fasciculata 129 fruticosa 133 glomerata 128 nigricans 126 salzmannii 130, 132 thesitfolia 130 untflora 128 var. fasciculata 129 Hedysarum 424 conjugatum 424 gemellum 424 Helenium 341 amarum 341 Heliantheae 98, 134-136, 138, 140, 157 Helianthus 273, 341, 422, 423 angustifolius 273, 341 diffusus 422 pauciflorus 422, 423 subsp. rigidus 423 subsp. subrhomboideus 423 rigidus 422, 423 subsp. subrhomboideus 423 scaberrimus 423 ' _subsp. subrhomboideus 423 subrhomboideus 423 Helichrysum 377, 378, 422 487 488 indicum 422 lavendulaefol:um 377 salictfolium 378 Heliotropium 341, 342 curassavicum 341 var. curassavicum 341 indicum 342 procumbens 342 Hemarthria 353 altisstma 353 Hesperodoria 148, 175 scopulorum 175 Heterochaeta 217, 219 gnaphaltordes 217 stricta 219 Heterotheca 341 subazillaris 341 var. subazillaris 341 Hibiscus 350 grandiflorus 350 lastocarpus 350 Homoptera 420 Hordeum 353 pusillum 353 Houstonia 125, 126, 132, 133, 357 pusilla 357 Humiriaceae 260, 261 Humuiriastrum 260, 261, 266 colombianum 261 ezcelsum 261 glazoivi 261 ottohubert 260 Hydrilla 348 verticillata 348 Hydrocharitaceae 348 PHYTOLOGIA volume 68(6): 467-510 Hydrochloa 353 caroliniensis 353 Hydrocotyle 339 ranunculotdes 339 umbellata 339 verticillata 339 Hydrolea 348 ovata 348 quadrivalvis 348 Hydrophyllaceae 348 Hymenocallis 255-259, 350 caroliniana 350 durangensts 255, 257 eulae 350 pimana 255, 257, 258 liriosome 350 occidentalis 350 pimana 255-258 pimana 255, 257 Hymenoptera 420 Hypericum 273, 343, 386 brachyphyllum 386 drummondt 343 fasciculatum 273 hypericoides 343 mutilum 343 setosum 273 stans 273 virginticum 343 Hypozis 272 rigida 272 Tez 273, 339, 386, 421, 422, 426, 429, 432 ambigua 421, 422, 426 var. monticola 421, 422, 426 ambigua 421 var. monticola 421 Index to taxa in Volume 68 489 coriacea 386 Juncaceae 272, 348 decidua 339 Juncus 272, 348, 349, 386 monticola 421, 422 acuminatus 348 opaca Zia; 429, 432 biflorus 349 vomitoria 273, 339, 432 brachycarpus 348 Indigofera 347, 423, 426 bufontus 348 jamaicensts 423 dichotomus 348 keyensis 423 dudleyi 348 mucronata 423 effusus 349 var. keyensis 423 interior 349 scabra 423 marginatus 349 suffruticosa 347 nodatus 349 trita 423 polycephalus 349 var. keyensis 423 repens 349 roemertanus 349 Inuleae 181, 185, 186, 197-199, 201, 241, 245- 247, 254, 363, 365, 366, 380, 381, 413, scirpoides 272 416 tenuis 349 Ipomoea 344 trigonocarpus 272, 386 sagittata 344 Juniperus 32- 34, 252, 338 trichocarpha 344 chinensis 32 Iridaceae 348 var. gaussenii 32 Iris 348 communis 33 brevicaulis 348 conferta 33 giganticaerulea 348 drobovii 33 virginica 348 gaussent 32 jarkendensis 33 monticola 252 rigida 33 Isocoma 175, 180, 462, 463 Iva 341 angustifolia 341 sabina 33 var. angustifolia 341 var. jarkendensis 33 frutescens 341 semiglobosa 33, 34 Jacquemontia 344 var. drobovi 33 tamnifolia 344 var. semiglobosa 33 var. talassica 34 Jalcophila 254 talassica 34 Jasminum 351 tianschanica 33 mesnyi 351 virginiana 338 Juglandaceae 348 Justicia 338 490 lanceolata 338 ovata 338 var. lanceolata 338 Keteleeria 13, 34-36 calcarea 34 cyclolepis 35 davidiana 34, 35 var. calcarea 34 var. davidiana 34, 35 var. pubescens 34 dopiana 35 evelyniana 34, 35 var. evelyniana 34 var. hainanensis 35 var. roulleti: 35 faberi 13 fortune: 35 var. cyclolepis 35 var. zerophila 36 hainanensis 35 oblonga 35 pubescens 34 roulleti: 35 zerophila 36 Koanophyllon 167 guerreroana 167 rzedowskit 167 sinaloensits 167 Kosteletzkya 350 virginica 350 var. althiifolia 350 Krigta 341 cespttosa 341 dandelion 341 oppositifolia 341 Lachnocaulon 272, 274, 275, 386 anceps 272, 274 PHYTOLOGIA volume 68(6): 467-510 June 1990 digynum 274, 386 minus 274 Lactuca 341 serriolaa 341 Laennecia 202-226, 228-230, 233 altoandina 205, 209-212, 214, 215 artemisitfolia 205, 209-212, 214, 215, 226 chthuahuana 205, 208-210, 212, 213, 216 confusa 205, 207-210, 212, 213, 217 coulteri 205, 208-211, 212, 214, 217, 218 eriophylla 202, 205, 208-210, 212, 213, 217-219 filaginoides 205, 206, 208-210, 212, 213, 219-221 gnaphalioides 205, 208-210, 212, 214, 217, 219, 220 sect. Laennecta 205, 208, 209, 211 lasseriana 205, 208-210, 212, 213, 221 microglossa 205, 208, 210-213, 221, 222 mima 205, 208-210, 212, 213, 222, 223 parvifolia 220 pimana 202, 203, 205, 208-210, 212, 214, 217, 223 pinnatifida 220 prolialba 205, 208-210, 212, 223, 224 schiedeana 205, 208-210, 212, 213, 218, 224 sophitfolia 205, 208-212, 214, 215, 225, 226 sect. Sophiifolium 205, 208, 209, 211 Lagenophora 207, 226 Lamiaceae 349 Lamium 349 amplezicaule 349 Lantana 358 camara 358 Index to taxa in Volume 68 Lariz 23, 36, 37, 77 cajanderi: 36 gmelini 36 var. cajanderi: 36 var. olgensts 36 griffithiana 37 var. speciosa 37 himalaica 37 lyalliz 23 olgensis 36 potanini: 37 var. himalaica 37 var. macrocarpa 37 speciosa 37 Larrea 218 Lauraceae 273, 349 Leersia 353 hezandra 353 oryzoides 353 Legnotts 114 elliptica 115 Leguminosae 290, 426, 427 Lemna 349 minor 349 perpusilla 349 valdiviana 349 Lemnaceae 349 Lentibulariaceae 273, 349 Lepidium 342 ruderale 342 Leptilon 224, 231 divaricatum 231 integrifolium 224 subdecurrens 224 Leptochloa 353 fascicularis 353 nealley: 353 untnervia 353 Leucopholis 369, 370 Leucosyris 341, 451 carnosa 451 spinosa 341 Lewisia 169, 170, 267, 268, 270 sect. Cotyledon 270 glandulosa 169, 170 nevadensis 170 pygmaea 169, 170 subsp. glandulosa 170 var. nevadensts 170 subg. Strophiolum 268 tweedy: 268 Liatris 273, 386 pycnostachya 273 spicata 336 Libocedrus 37, 76 austro-caledonica 76 papuana 37 var. arfakensis 37 Lilaeopsis 339 carolinensis 339 Liliaceae 272, 350 Limnobium 348 spongta 348 Limnodea 353 arkansana 353 Limnosciadium 339 ptnnatum 339 pumilum 339 Linaceae 273, 350 Linosyris 451 carnosa 451 49] 492 PHYTO DOGILIA Linum 273, 350 medium 273, 350 var. tezanum 350 Linama 357 canadensis 357 tezana 357 Lindernia 357 dubia 357 var. anagallidea 357 Lippia 358 nodiflora 358 Liquidambar 273, 348, 429, 432 styracifiua 273, 348, 429, 432 Lobelia 273 puberula 273 reverchoni: 273 Loganiaceae 273, 350 Lolium 353 perenne 353 Lonicera 343 japonica 343 Lophiola 386 americana 386 Lucihopsis 368 Ludwigia 274, 351 alternifiora 274 decurrens 351 glandulosa 351 hirtella 274 leptocarpa 351 linearis 351 palustris 351 peploides 351 sphaerocarpa 351 uruguayensis 351 volume 68(6): 467-510 Luziola 353 fluitans 353 Lyctum 357 carolinianum 357 Lycopodiaceae 272 Lycopodium 272 alopecurotdes 272 adpressum 272 carolinianum 272 Lycopus 349 rubellus 349 var. rubellus 349 Lythraceae 350 Lythrum 350 alatum 350 June 1990 var. lanceolatum 350 lanceolatum 350 ammophila 448, 449, 465 annua 461 arenaria 457 arida 442, 446-450, 465 449, 451, 455 arizonica 448 asteroides 452 aurea 460 blephariphylla 444 Machaeranthera 174, 179, 341, 439-465 sect. Arida 439, 441, 442, 446, 447, sect. Blepharodon 174, 179, 439, 441, 443-445, 451, 457, 464 bolotoniae 452, 454 brevilingulata 453-455 carnosa 441, 446, 447, 451 canescens 445 var. shastensis 445 cognata 461 coloradoensis 439, 444 Index to taxa in Volume 68 var. brandegei 439, 444 var. coloradoensis 444 coultert 441, 447-450, 465 var. arida 450 var. coulterz 450 crispa 448-450 crutchfieldi: 445 frutescens 461 gentryt 454, 455 glabriuscula 461 var. confertifolia 461 var. villosa 461 gracilis 456-458 grindelioides 444, 445 var. depressa 445 var. grindelioides 445 gymnocephala 441, 443, 445 gypsophila 445 havardit 459 sect. Havardii 439, 442, 458 sect. Hesperastrum 441, 445, 449, 465 heterocarpa 453, 454 heterophylla 439, 441, 443-445, 457 johnstoni 445 juncea 457, 458 kingtt 461 var. barnebyana 461 leucanthemtfolia 449 sect. Machaeranthera 442, 443, 465 subgen. Machaeranthera 441, 443 mezicana 454, 455 odysseus 452, 453, 455 orcutti 462 ser. Originales 444 parviflora 442, 447-450, 452, 455 phyllocephala 341, 462 pinnatifida 456-459, 465 sect. Pstlactis 441, 446, 447, 449, 452, 455, 464, 465 pygmaea 450 restiformis 445 rhizomata 445 riparia 447, 451, 452, 455 shastensits 445 493 sect. Sideranthus 439, 443, 445, 456, 459 subgen. Sideranthus 439, 442, 456 sonorae 452 stenoloba 459, 460 sect. Stenoloba 439, 442, 459 tagetina 443, 447 tanacetifolia 440, 443, 447, 450 var. imberbis 462 var. pygmaea 450 tenuts 453-455 tortifolia 462 var. imberbis 462 turnert 442, 447, 452 ser. Vartabiles 446, 449 venusta 462 ser. Verae 447, 449 viscida 439, 459 wigginsi: 439, 456, 458 wrightit 462 Macronema 145, 147-149, 152, 176, 178 aberrans 177 discotdea 153 greener 153 linearts 153 obovatum 152 pygmaeum 178 suffruticosa 153 watsonit 152 Magnolia 274, 350, 432 grandiflora 350 virginiana 274, 432 Magnoliaceae 274, 350 494 PHYTOLOGIA Malvaceae 350 Malvastrum 350 coromandelianum 350 Manekia Mangle 116 Mangum 116 Manisuris 353 altissima 353 Marantaceae 350 Marsea 220, 231, 232 gnaphalioides 220 sophitfolia 225 Marshaliia 273 tenutfolia 273 Mayaca 386 fluviatal: 386 Mazus 357 japonicus 357 pumilus 357 Medicago 347 lupulina 347 polymorpha 347 Melastomataceae 120, 274, 350 Melia 350 azedarach 350 Meliaceae 350 Melilotus 347 indicus 347 officinalis 347 Melochia 358 corchorifolia 358 Melothria 344 pendula 344 Menispermaceae 350 volume 68(6): 467-510 June 1990 Menyanthaceae 350 Mesembryanthemum 103 blandum 103 chilense 103 cordtfolium 103 cristallinum 103 nodifiorum 103 Mezerion 242, 246, 247, 249-253, 413, 416 mezicanum 247, 250, 251, 253 sarmentosum 247, 249, 250, 252, 253 Miconia 120 globulifiora 120 mornicola 120 Mikania 341 scandens 341 Mimosa 351 strigillosa 351 Mimosaceae 351 Mitreola 350 petiolata 350 Mnioides 368 Modiola 350 caroliniana 350 Molluginaceae 107, 109 Monarda 349 punctata 349 Moraceae 351 Morus 351 alba 351 rubra 351 Muhlenbergia 273 ezpansa 273 Musa 292 paradisiaca 292 Index to taxa in Volume 68 495 Mutiseae 435 Myosotis 342 macrosperma 342 Myrica 274, 351, 386, 432 certfera 274, 351, 432 heterophylla 274, 386 Myricaceae 274, 351 Myriophyllum 348 heterophyllum 348 pinnatum 348 sptcatum 348 Nageia 8, 38, 75 comptonii 38 fsalcatus 38 fleuryi 38 mannit 38 mazimus 38 minor 38 motley: 38 . nagi 38 var. formosensis 38 ptrest: 38 rispigitosti 38 vitiensts 38 wallichiana 38 Najadaceae 351 Najas 351 guadalupensis 351 Nelumbo 351 lutea 351 Nelumbonaceae 351 Nemophila 348 aphylla 348 Neocallitropsis 76 pancheri 76 Neptunia 351 pubescens 351 Nerium 339 oleander 339 Nidorella 205, 207, 229, 230, 233 Nothoscordum 350 bivalve 350 Nuphar 351 luteum 351 subsp. macrophyllum 351 Nyctaginaceae 351 Nymphaea 351 elegans 351 mezicana 351 odorata 351 Nymphaeaceae 351 Nymphoides 350 aquatica 350 Oenothera 351, 352 drummondii 351 lactnata 352 speciosa 352 Oldenlandia 125-133 bosctt 125, 126, 129, 130 callitrichoides 125, 126, 128, 131 corymbosa 125-128, 133 var. corymbosa 128 fasciculata 129 glomerata 128 littoralis 129 salzmannit 125-127, 130, 132 thesttfolia 130 uniflora 125, 126, 128 Oldenlandieae 133 Oleaceae 351 496 reYyYToLtoCera Oligandra 368, 381 chrysocoma 369 Olivaea 462 Omalotheca 188, 198, 241-245, 247-249, 254, 369, 381 afghanica 244 alpigena 245 caucasica 245 subg. Gamochaetiopsis 243 hoppeana 243 leucopilina 244 norvegica 242, 244 subg. Omalotheca 243 pichlert 244 roesert 244 stewart: 244 supina 242-244 sylvatica 242, 244 Onagraceae 274, 351 Oonopsts 175, 462 Ophioglossaceae 338 Ophioglossum 338 crotalophoroides 338 petiolatum 338 Orchidaceae 273, 352 Oreobroma 169, 170 glandulosa 169, 170 nevadensis 170 Oreochrysum 148, 175 parry: 176 Oritrophium 248 Orontium 339, 386 aguaticum 339, 386 Osbertia 175, 180 Osmundaceae 272 Osmunda 272 volume 68(6): 467-510 cinnamomea 272 Ottelia 348 alismoides 348 Oxalidaceae 352 Ozalis 352 dilleni: 352 rubra 352 violacea 352 Ozypolts 273, 386 filiformis 386 rigidor 273 Paniceae 276 Panicum 141-143, 273, 353, 354 agrostoides 141 anceps 141 combsii 141 commutatum 353 condensum 141 subgen. Dichanthelium 142 dichotomifiorum 353 dichotomum 353 geminatum 354 gymnocarpon 353 hemitomon 353 hians 353 leucothriz 354 lindhetmeri 354 longifolium 141 var. combsii 141 palustris 141 subgen. Panicum 142 repens 354 rhizomatum 141 rigidulum 141, 142, 273, 354 var. combsii 141, 142 scoparium 354 spaherocarpon 354 June 1990 Index to taxa in Volume 68 497 spretum 354 stipitatum 141 verrucosum 273 virgatum 273, 354 Papilioinoideae 426 Parachionolaena 380 Parietarta 358 pensylvanica 358 Parkeriaceae 338 Parthenium 341 hysterophorus 341 Parthenocissus 359 quinquefolia 359 Paspalidium 354 geminatum 354 var. geminatum 354 Paspalum 273, 354 dilatatum 354 dissectum 354 distichum 354 laeve 273, 354 langer 354 lividum 354 paspalodes 354 plicatulum 354 praecoz 354 urviller 354 vaginatum 354 Passiflora 352 incarnata 352 Passifloraceae 352 Pediomelum 347 rhombifolium 347 Peltandra 339 virginica 339 Peperomia 172, 173 angularts 172 cainarachiana 172 storki 172 subflaccida 172 Persea 273, 432 borbonia 273, 432 Persicaria 355 hydropiperoides 355 lapathifolta 355 portoricensis 355 punctata 355 Petradoria 148, 154 Petunia 357 parviflora 357 Phacelia 348 hirsuta 348 Phalarts 354 angustata 354 caroliniana 354 Phanerogamae 132, 133 Philippiamra 269 Phragmites 354 australis 354 communis 354 Phyla 358 x intermedia 358 nodiflora 358 var. nodiflora 358 nodiflora 358 var. tezensts 358 Physalis 358 angulata 358 var. angulata 358 cinerascens 358 498 PHYTOLOGIA var. spathulaefolia 358 pubescens 358 var. pubescens 358 Phytolacca 352 americana 352 Phytolaccaceae 352 Picea 8, 39-46, 77 asperata 39 var. aurantiaca 39 var. heterolepis 39 aurantiaca 39 brachytyla 39, 43 var. pachyclada 39 densiflora 43 engelmannit 39 ezcelsa 44 var. altatca 44 heterolepis 39 jezoensis 39, 40 var. ajanensts 39 var. komarovii 40 var. microsperma 40 kamtchatkensis 40 komarovii 40 korianensts 41 var. intercedens 41 var. komanensis 41 likiangensis 41, 42 var. bhutanica 41 var. forrestii 41, 42 var. liczhiensis 42 var. rubescens 44 lucifera 43 lutescens 43 martinezit 42 mastersii 46 meyert 43, 46 microsperma 40 obovata 43, 77 volume 68(6): 467-510 var. argentea 43 var. coerulea 44 var. krylovit 43 June 1990 var. tschiketamanica 43 pachyclada 39 polita 39 purpurea 44 var. balfouriana 44 var. hirtella 44 val. purpurea 44 seminskiensts 43 smithiana 44 var. nepalensis 44 spinulosa 45 var. pseudobrachytyla 45 var. yatungensis 45 watsoniana 46 wilson: 46 var. shanziensis 46 var. watsoniana 46 yunnanensts 41, 42 Pinaceae 76-78, 272, 338 Pinguicula 273 pumila 273 amamiana 47 arizonica 59 var. stormiae 59 armandit 47 var. amamiana 47 Pinus 8, 20, 47-64, 75-78, 123, 203, 216, 219, 272, 338, 428-430, 432, 433 var. dabeshabensis 47 ayacahuite 47, 48 var. loudiana 47 var. oazacana 47 var. vettchii 48 californiarum 54 caribaea 116 subsect. Cembrioides 75 Index to taxa in Volume 68 499 cembrioides 48, 75 langbtanensis 51 var. juarezensis 48 latterz 53 var. lagunae 48 dads subsp. orizabensis 48 luch 1s 52 var. orizabensis 48 UCRUCKEM eoniertad var. hwangshanensis 52 var. bolanderi 49 lumholtzii 53 dabeshabensis 47 var. microphylla 53 densa 49 macvaughii 57 var. austro-keyensis 49 maestraensis 57 densata 63 ee martinezt 49 var. pygmaea 63 / massoniana 53 devontana 54 douglasiana 49, 50 var. hainanensis 53 ? var. martinezti 49 maziminot 50 var. maziminoz 50 merkusii 53 durangensis 219 var. latterz 53 edulis 54 var. merkusti 53 var. fallaz 54 var. tonkinensis 53 elltotti 429 mesogeensis 59 engelmannii 50, 203 michoacana 54 var. blancoi 50 gordoniana 55 var. cornuta 54 hartwegii 50 monophylla 54 var. rudis 50 var. californtarum 54 herrerai 63 var. fallaz 54 hingganensis 61 montezumae 55 insularis 51 var. gordoniana 55 a saya var. lindleyz 55 var. khasyana 51 var. mezambrana 56 var. langbianensis 51 var. tenutfolia 51 muricata 56 jeffreyi 52 var. borealis 56 var. baja-californica 52 var. cedrosensis 60 juarezensis 48 var. remorata 56 khasyana 51 var. stanton: 56 kwangtungensts 64 novo-galiciana 61 lambertiana 52 nubicola 20, 57 var. martirensis 52 occidentalis 57 500 var. maestraensis 57 oocarpa 57, 58 var. macvaughii 57 var. manzanor 58 var. microphylla 58 var. ochoterena: 58 palustris 272, 428-430, 433 patula 58 var. longepedunculata 58 pinaster 59 var. mesogeensis 59 ponderosa 59 var. stormiae 59 pseudostrobus 59, 60 var. coatepecensis 59 var. esteviz 60 var. laubefelsi: 60 radiata 60 var. cedrosensts 60 refleza 62 remorata 56 rudis 50 stbirica 61 var. hingganensis 61 strobiformis 61, 62 var. carvajali 61 var. potosiensts 62 subgen. Strobus 76 sylvestris 62 var. sibirica 62 var. sylvestriformts 62 tabulaeformis 63 var. pygmaea 63 taeda 272, 338, 429 PHYTOLOGIA volume 68(6): 467-510 tecunumani1 63, 77 teocote 63 var. herreraz 63 torreyana 64 subsp. insularis 64 var. tnsularis 64 wangi1 64 var. kwangtungensis 64 wincestertana 54 yunnanensts 51 var. tenutfolta 51 Piper 172, 173 amalago 172 baezense 172 cahuapanasense 172 ezternum 172 klugt: 172 lundelliz 172 multtmammosum 172 pygmaeum 173 Piperaceae 171, 173 Pistia 339 stratoites 339 Planera 358 aquatica 358 Plantaginaceae 352 Plantago 352 heterophylla 352 virginica 352 Platanthera 273 ciliaris 273 integra 273 Pluchea 341 camphorata 341 foetidaa 341 June 1990 Index to taxa in Volume 68 odorata 341 purpurascens 341 Poa 354 annua 354 Poaceae 141-143, 273, 276, 352 Podocarpaceae 75, 77 Podocarpus 38, 64-70, 75, 77, 78 aracensts 64 angustifolius 65 aristulatus 65 barretoz 65, 66 brasiliensis 65 buchholziz 66 var. neblinensis 66 celatus 66 chinensis 66, 67 var. chinensis 67 var. wardit 66, 67 costaricensts 67 epitphyticus 67 formosensis 38 indonestensis 67 magnifolius 67, 68 matudae 68, 69 var. jaliscanus 68 var. matudae 68 var. retchei 69 oleifolius 69 var. ecuadorensts 69 palawanensis 69 polystachyus 70 var. thevetitfolius 70 sellowtt 65 steyermarki: 67 thevetitfolius 70 var. angustifolius 65 Pogonta 273 ophioglossoides 273 Poinsettia 346 dentata 346 Polygala 274 cructata 274 incarnata 274 mariana 274 nana 274 ramosa 274 Polygalaceae 274 Polygonaceae 355, 421, 424 Polygonum 355, 424 alaskanum 424 alpinum 424 var. alaskanum 424 var. lapathifolium 424 camporum 355 densifiorum 355 douglast: 424 var. engelmannit 424 engelmannit 424 hydropiperoides 355 var. hydroptperoides 355 lapathifolium 355 var. lapathifolium 355 punctatum 355 striatulum 355 Polypogon 354 monspeliensis 354 Pontederia 355 cordata 355 var. cordata 355 var. lancifolia 355 Pontederiacaeae 355 Portulaca 355, 356 mundula 355 oleracea 356 portulacastrum 104 501 502 Portulacaceae 169, 267, 270, 355 Portulacastrum 106 monogynum 106 Potamogetonaceae 356 Potamogeton 356 diverstfolius 356 foliosus 356 nodosus 356 pustllus 356 var. pusillus 356 Primulaceae 356 Prionopsis 175, 179, 462 cistata 179 Proserpinaca 348 palustris 348 Prosopis 218 Prumnopitys 75 Prunus 356 serotina 356 Psacalium 79-81 ertocarpum 79 holwayanum 79 perezit 79, 81 sharpit 79, 80 Pseudognaphalium 186, 413 Pseudoligandra 381 Pseudotsuga 70-72, 76 brevifolia 71 flahaults: 70 forresti: 72 gaussenti 71 guinters 70, 71 macrolepis 70 menziesii 70, 71 var. caesta 70 var. flahaultis 70 PRY TO L-OiG.LA volume 68(6): 467-510 Jun _ 1990 shaanziensis 71 sinensis 71 var. brevifolia 71 var. forresti 72 var. gaussenti 71 var. sinensis 71 zichangensts 71 Psilactis 446, 447, 449, 452, 454 asteroides 452 brevilingulata 454 coulter: 449 crispa 449 tenuis 454 Psilocarphus 187 Psilocarya 345 nitens 345 Psoralea 347 rhombifolia 347 Pteridium 272 aquilinum 272 Pterocaulon 191, 341 virgatum 191, 341 Ptiimnium 273, 339 capillaceum 273, 339 nuttalli: 339 Pueraria 417 Pultenaea 89 Pyrrocoma 175, 180, 462 Pyrrhopappus 341 carolinianus 341 Quercus 123, 203, 216, 219, 301, 347 chihuahuaenis 203 coccolobifolia 216 crassifolia 216 fusiformis 301 hypoleucoides 219 nigra 347 obtusa 347 stnuata 301 var. breviloba 301 viminea 203 virginiana 347 var. virginiana 347 Ranunculaceae 1, 356 Ranunculus 356 lindhetrmeri 356 platensis 356 pusillus 356 sardous 356 scleratus 356 trilobus 356 Rhamnaceae 356 Rhamnus 356 caroliniana 356 Rhezta 274, 350 mariana 274, 350 var. mariana 274 petiolata 274 Rhizophora 113, 114, 116, 118, 119 americana 116 harrisonii 119 mangle 113, 116, 117, 119 var. samoensis 116 samoensis 116 Rhizophoraceae 113, 114, 119 Rhododendron 273, 274 canescens 273 oblongifolium 274 Rhus 273, 339 copallina 273, 339 radicans 339 tozicodendron 339 Index to taxa in Volume 68 Rhynchosia 347 minima 347 var. minima 347 Rhynchospora 272, 274, 345, 346, 386 caduca 345 chalarosephala 386 colorata 345 corniculata 346 globularis 272, 274, 346 var. globularis 272 glomerata 272 gracilenta 272 macra 386 microcarpa 274, 346 oligantha 272, 386 perpleza 346 plumosa 272 pusilla 346 stenophylla 386 Richaeia 114 Richea 115 Rivinia 352 humilis 352 Robinia 426 Rorippa 342 sessiliflora 342 teres 342 Rosa 356 bracteata 356 laevigata 356 Rosaceae 273, 293, 356, 421, 425, 426 Rubiaceae 125, 132, 133, 273, 356 Rubus 273, 356 loutstanus 273, 356 trivialts 356 var. trivialis 356 503 504 PHYTOLOGIA Rudbeckia 341 hirte 341 var. pulcherrima 341 Rumez 355 berlandsers 355 chrysocarpus 355 erispus 355 mezicanus 355 paraguayensts 355 triangulivalvis 355 Ruppia 357 maritima 357 Ruppiaceae 357 Rutaceae 357 Sabal 339 minor 339 Sabatia 273, 348, 386 campestris 348 gentianoides 273 macrophylla 386 Sabazia 134-136, 157, 158 gonzalezae 135 liebmannis 135 macdonaldis 157, 158 multiradiate 157 var. hintonii 136 var. liebmanni: 135 var. michoacana 135 var. ovattfolsa 136 longiradiata 135 michoacana 135 palmeri 136 var. lancifolia 136 tridacoides 136 Sabina 33 vulgaris 33 volume 68(6): 467-510 June 1990 var. jarkendensis 33 Sacciolepis 354 striata 354 Sagina 343 decumbens 343 Sagittaria 338 calycina 338 var. calycina 338 graminea 338 lancifolia 338 latifolia 338 montevidensis 338 subsp. calycina 338 platyphylla 338 Salicaceae 357 Salicornia 343 bigelovit 343 Saliz 357 nigra 357 Salvia 349 lyrata 349 Salvinia 338 minima 338 Salviniaceae 338 Sambucus 343 canadensis 343 var. canadensis 343 Samolus 356 parviflorus 356 valerand: 356 subsp. parviflorus 356 Sanicula 339 canadensis 339 Sapindaceae 357 Sapium 346, 417 Index to taxa in Volume 68 505 sebiferum 346 Sapotaceae 357, 421, 425 Sarcobatus 109 Sarracenia 274, 386, 428, 431 alata 274, 386, 431 psitticina 386 Sarraceniaceae 274 Sarracenia 271 Sassafras 349 albidum 349 Saururaceae 357 Saururus 357 cernuus 357 Schistocarpha 135 Schistostemon 260, 261, 263 auyantepuiense 263 fernandezii 260, 261 Schizachyrium 273, 354 scopartum 273, 354 Scirpus 346 americanus 346 californicus 346 confervoides 346 etuberculatus 346 kotlolepis 346 maritimus 346 var. macrostachyus 346 olney: 346 robustus 346 tabernaemontana 346 validus 346 Scleria 272, 386 reticularis 272, 386 triglomerata 272 Scoparia 357 dulcis 357 Scrophulariaceae 274, 357 Scutellaria 349 drummondii 349 ovata 349 var. bracteata 349 parvula 349 var. parvula 349 Selloa 140 Senecio 81, 341 glabellus 341 Senecioneae 79 Senna 342 marilandica 342 obtustfolia 342 Sesbania 347 drummondiu 347 ezaltata 347 macrocarpa 347 vestcaria 347 Sesuvium 102-104, 107, 338 maritimum 107, 338 ortegae 104 pedunculatum 104 portulacastrum 102, 104 revolutifolium 104 sessile 104 sessiliflorum 104 Setaria 276, 282-285, 287, 290, 354 geniculata 354 ttalica 287 magna 354 verticillata 276, 282-285, 287 Sida 350 rhombifolia 350 Sideranthus 456-459, 461 506 PHYTOLOGIA volume 68(6): 467-510 June 1990 annuus 461 leptocephala 340 gracilis 457 sempervirens 341 junceus 458 var. mezicana 341 viscidus 459 tenutfolia 340 Siderozylon 425 Soliva 341 lanuginosum 425 mutisit 341 subsp. albicans 425 pterosperma 341 reclinatum 425 Sonchus 341 subsp. austrofloridense 425 asper 341 subsp. rufotomentosum 425 oleraceus 341 Sieversia 425 Silvaea 269 Sorghum 292, 354 bicolor 292 celostoides 269 halapense 354 Sinapis 342 Spartina 355 a alterniflora 355 Sisyrinchium 348 cynosuroides 355 angustifolium 348 patens 355 atlanticum 348 spartinae 355 ezile 348 Spergularia 342 Smilacaceae 357 biflora 342 Smilaz 272, 357 perfoliata 342 bona-noz 357 Sphagnum 271, 275, 386, 434 hispida 357 Sphenoclea 358 laurifolia 272 zeylandica 358 nirronncged Sphenocleaceae 358 Solanaceae 357 Sphenopholis 355 Solanum 358 obtusata 355 carolinense 358 Spilanthes 340 nigrum 358 } 0 pseudocapsicum 358 americana 34 ptycanthum 358 Spiranthes 273, 352 Solidago 148, 154, 175, 176, 179, 340, 341 cernua 273 alts 352 altissima 176 ———— canadensis 341 Spirodela 349 parry: 176 polyrhiza 349 var. scabra 341 punctata 349 Index to taxa in Volume 68 507 Sporoboius 355 indicus 355 potrettz: 355 virginicus 355 Stachys 349 crenata 349 Spraguea 267, 268 pulchella 268 umbellata 267, 268 Stellaria 343 media 343 prostrata 343 Stelmanis 129 glomerata 129 Stelmotis 129 glomerata 129 Stenactis 217 gnaphalioides 217 Stenocline 381 | Stenotaphrum 355 secundatum 355 Stenotopsis 145, 149, 151 lineartfolia 145 Stenotus 148, 155, 174-178, 180 pygmaeus 178 Stephanodoria 462, 465 Sterculiaceae 358 Stevia 82-84 caltepecana 82-84 ser. Corymbosae 84 ephemera 82, 84 lita 84 micrantha 84 subser. Micrantha 82, 84 mitopoda 84 ser. Podocephalae 82, 84 trifida 84 Steviopsis 410-412 dryophila 410 nesomit 410, 411 Strophostyles 347 helvola 347 letosperma 347 Styracaceae 358 Styraz 358 americana 358 var. pulverulenta 358 Suaeda 343 linearis 343 Synchaeta 244, 245 Syngonanthus 386, 389 flavidulus 386, 389 Tageteae 168 Talinum 267, 269, 270 guadalupense 269 Tamaricaceae 358 Tamariz 358 gallica 358 Taxodiaceae 338 Tazodium 338 distichum 338 Tephrosia 273, 426 onobrychoides 273 Teucrium 349 canadense 349 var. canadense 349 Thalia 350 dealbata 350 Thelypteridaceae 338 508 PHY TOLOGTA Thelypteris 338 kunthi: 338 Thurovia 464 Tillaea 344 aquatica 344 Tillandsia 342 usneoides 342 Tita 114 Tofieldia 386 racemosa 386 Tonestus 148, 155, 174-178 aberrans 174, 177, 178 alpinus 174, 177, 178 ezimius 178 graniticus 174, 177, 178 lyallit 177, 178 microcephalus 174, 177, 178 petrsons: 174, 178 pygmaeus 176, 177, 178 Torreya 34, 72 grandis 72 var. fargesii 72 var. yunnanensis 72 yunnanensis 72 Tozicodendron 273, 339 radicans 339 tozicarium 339 verniz 273 Tradescantia 343 hirsutiflora 343 Trepocarpus 339 aethusae 339 Trialeaurodes 420 vaporariorum 420 Triandenum 343 volume 68(6): 467-510 virginscum 343 Trianthema 102, 103, 105 flezuosa 106 monogyna 106 monugyna 106 portulacastrum 102, 106 procumbens 106 Trimorpha 227, 229, 230, 233 Triodanis 342 biflora 342 perfoliata 342 var. biflora 342 Tridens 355 strictus 355 Trifolium 347 pratense 347 repens 347 resupinatum 347 Tripsacum 355 dactyloides 355 Trizis 435-438 anomala 435-437 nelsoni 437 parviflora 437 stlvatica 435, 437 Tsuga 22, 72, 73 chinensis 72, 73 var. forrestit 72 var. oblongisquamata 73 var. robusta 73 dumosa 22 var. yunnanensis 73 forresti: 72 oblongisquamata 73 roullets: 35 yunnanensis 73 June 1990 Index to taxa in Volume 68 Tubiflorae 233 Typha 358 domingensts 358 latifolia 358 Typhaceae 358 Ulmaceae 358 Utricularia 273, 349, 350 biflora 349 cornuta 273 foliosa 349 gibba 349 inflata 349 juncea 273 purpurea 349 radiata 349 subulata 273 vulgaris 350 Urtica 358 chamidryordes 358 Urticaceae 358 Vaccinium 273, 432 corymbosum 273, 432 Valerianaceae 358 Valerianella 358 radiata 358 Vallisnerta 348 americana 348 Vanclevea 179 Vantanea 260, 263, 265, 266 bahiaensis 260, 263, 265 morti 260, 265, 266 Verbena 358, 359 bonariensis 358 brastiiensis 358 hale: 359 scabra 359 zutha 359 Verbenaceae 358 Verbesina 98-101, 137 fastigiata 98, 99 hidalgoana 98, 99 howardiana 137 lebmannit 99 macdonaldii 98-100 oazacana 99 olsenit 99 sect. Pseudomontanoa 98, 101 sect. Verbesinaria 137 Vernonia 341 missurica 341 Veronica 357 peregrina 357 var. peregrina 357 Viburnum 273, 343, 432 dentatum 343 nudum 273, 432 var. dentatum 343 Vicia 347 ludoviciana 347 var. ludoviciana 347 Vigna 347 luteola 347 repens 347 Viola 274, 359 langloisi 359 primulifolia 274 Violaceae 274, 359 Vitaceae 359 Vitis 359 mustangensis 359 509 510 PHYTOLOGIA Vulpia 355 octoflora 355 Websterta 346 confervoides 346 Wethea 114 Widdringtonia 73, 74 cupressoides 73 dracomontana 74 nodiflora 73, 74 var. dracomontana 74 var. nodiflora 73 var. whyter 74 stipitata 73 whytes 74 Wolffiella 349 floridana 349 gladiata 349 lingulata 349 Xanthocephalum 462, 464 Xylorhiza 440, 444, 461, 462, 465 brandeget 444 cognata 461 confertifolia 461 glabriuscula 461 var. glabriuscula 461 orcutts: 462 tortifolia 462 var. imberbis 462 venusta 462 wrightit 462 Xylothamnus 155, 180 Xyridaceae 273, 359, 382, 389 Xyris 273, 359, 382, 383, 386-389 ambigue 273, 387 balwiniana 273, 386, 387 caroliniana 273, 387 chapmanii 382, 383, 386-388 volume 68(6): 467-510 curtisstt 387 difformis 273, 387, 388 var. curtzsst: 387 drummondii 273, 387 fimbriata 386, 387 iridtfolia 359, 388 juptca: 359, 387, 388 lazifolia 359 lourstanica 387 montana 388 platylepis 382, 387, 388 scabrifolia 382, 386-388 serotina 388 smalliana 387 smallit 386 torta 273, 382, 387 var. iridifolza 359 sect. Xyris 389 Youngia 341 japonica 341 Zanthozylum 357 clava-herculis 357 Zea 287 mays 287 Zephranthes 350 candida 350 Zizaniopsis 355 miliacea 355 Zornia 424, 426 gemella 424, 426 Phytologia (June 1990) 68(6):511. Allen, C. Bauml, J.A. Brown, G.K. Brown, L.E. Chavez, M. Culham, A. Baldwin, B.G. Dillon, M. Escobar, L. | Espejel C., I. Flory, W.S. Fryxell, P. Grayum, M. Heckard, L.R. Hickman, J.C. Howard, T.M. Jackson, R. Kearns, D. Kondo, K. Kral, R. Lamboy, W.F. Landry, G.P. Lane, M.A. Laundon, J. Lehmiller, D.J. Lewis, W.H. Lowrie, A. REVIEWERS OF PAPERS IN VOLUME 68 511 MacRoberts, D.T. Mason, C.T. McDonald, A. Meerow, A. Morgan, D. Nelson, B.E. Nesom, G.L. Nicolson, D. Platt, W.J. Punt, W. Ravenna, P. Reveal, J.L. Richardson, P.M. Seigler, D.S. Simpson, B.B. Snow, N. Strother, J. Thomas, R.D. Todzia, C. Turner, B.L. Wasshausen, D.C. Webster, G.L. Wendt, T. Wurdack, J.J. Zanoni, P.A. Zona, S. Phytologia (June 1990) 68(6):512. CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS 1. Volume 67, issue 1, page 107, DOMINICA for DOMINICAN REPUBLIC in title and type citation; Dominica for Hispanola in abstract (see page 146 of volume 68). 2. Volume 67, issue 6, page 468, first line, second paragraph, Sida for Side. 3. Volume 67, issue 6, page 479, last line, 4th paragraph; described for describes. 4. Volume 67, issue 6, page 512, publication dates are for issues of volume 67 not 66. 5. Volume 68, issue 1, page 28, first line of fourth paragraph should read: Cupressus chengiana Hu var. jiangeensis (Zhao) Silba “Jiange Cypress” 6. Volume 68, issue 1, page 32, first line of first full paragraph should read: Falcatifolium usan-apuensis de Laubenfels & Silba, spec. nov. 7. Volume 68, issue 1, page 37, first line of first paragraph should read: Larix griffithiana (Lindl. & Gord.) Carrieré var. speciosa (Cheng & Law) Silba, 8. Volume 68, issue 1, page 45, last line of fifth paragraph, substitute 5349 for 4055. 9. Volume 68, issue 1, page 46, fourth line of fourth paragraph, substitute 22671 for 2267. 10. Volume 68, issue 1, page 46, first line of eighth paragraph should read: Picea wilsonii Masters var. watsoniana (Mast.) Silba, stat. nov. “Watson Spruce” 11. Volume 68, issue 1, page 60, first line of last paragraph should read: Pinus radiata D. Don var. cedrosensis (Howell) Silba, stat. nov. “Cedros Pine” 12. Volume 68, issue 3, cover, insert: B.L. TURNER, An overview of the Brickellia lemmont: (Asteraceae: Eupa- torieae) complex (including B. conduplicata). ........-..0seeeeeeee 160 Corrected versions of the cover were mailed to subscribers along with issue 5. 13. Volume 68, issue 4, page 270, guadalupense should read guadalupensis. 14. Volume 68, issue 5, page 340, Cirsium horridulum is a separate entry from Borrichia frutescens. 512 ibn 5 00288 2262 Information for Authors Articles from botanical systematics and ecology, including biographical sketches, critical reviews and summaries of literature will be considered for publication in PHYTOLOGIA. Manuscripts may be submitted either on computer diskette, or as typescript. Diskettes will be returned to authors after action has been taken on the manuscript. Diskettes may be 5.25 inches or 3.5 inches but must be written in DOS format or as flat ASCII files. Typescript — manuscripts should be single spaced and will be read into the computer using a page scanner. The scanner will read standard typewriter fonts but will not read dot matrix print. Manuscripts submitted in dot matrix print cannot be accepted. Use underscore (not italics) for scientific names. 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