PHYTOLOGIA

An international journal to expedite plant ileatibn * tA

and ecological publication ao on i
Our - 1 1990
Vol. 69 August 1990 i No.2

EN

BOTANICA GA R
CONTENT? @ |! CAL GAT D

~ H. ROBINSON, Notes on Sinclairia and Liabellum in Mesoamerica
WRI AE PAGLELACGAE) a)aicnieilivnccielsbactemendesppsectobcdsalasstuserevedebbueaaas 5i/

H. ROBINSON, Notes on Ageratina in Mesoamerica (Eupatorieae:
ce ce ES aE aE Pa ACRE A en ee See 61

- H. ROBINSON, Notes on Critonia in Mesoamerica (Eupatorieae:
BREE CEA OSTLSLE Gua Feb 200 bac 3 ds pb Kop y ds bad-snt bone bho slay Seok dea ddsbbuepecent 87

. H. ROBINSON, Notes on Ageratum in Mesoamerica (Eupatorieae:
ane UME Merona tL Cte Fe Le oe leuk tL duce bakspabpecesapaavte Salas enue de 93

~H. ROBINSON, New combinations in the Asteraceae (Vernonieae,
Grebe, WUTISIO AG) coi ce ices il epetkenctde scilssvdenseendopsoasadubredeanss 105

~G.L. NESOM, Notes on variation in the Machaeranthera pinnatifida
complex (Asteraceae) in Mexico with anew combination ... 108

G.L. NESOM, A new species of Gentiana (Gentianaceae) from Durango,
POP ELE by RELL Loh fbi hacd-vins Uonsdsdindicvecdied esbebumoendacuabsice uctduckce 115

~P.M. McKENZIE, R.E. NOBLE, L.E. URBATSCH, & D.P. REED,
Bothriochloa bladhii (Poaceae) new to Louisiana ................. 119

.B.L. TURNER, Two new species of Eupatorium (Asteraceae) from
Dem neniban re ey VO 2 oe er hee 122

B.L. TURNER, Two new species of Verbesina (Asteraceae,
PRS AC) INGE WAGKIGO | el focs hic ldo el age ile cvaccecasdeteh coven bebou. 125

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Phytologia (August 1990) 69(2):57-60.

NOTES ON SINCLAIRIA AND LIABELLUM IN MESOAMERICA
(LIABEAE: ASTERACEAE)

Harold Robinson

Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History,
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560 U.S.A.

ABSTRACT

A key is provided for the eleven known Mesoamerican species of
Sinclatria, and S. hintoniorum B.L. Turner is transferred to Liabellum.

KEY WORDS: Asteraceae, Sznclairia, Liabellum, Liabeae, Mesoamer-

ica, key.

A treatment of the Asteraceous tribe Liabeae for the Flora Mesoamerica
was prepared some years ago by the author and will appear when that flora is
published. The study covers five genera, but it convists mostly of a treatment
of the eleven species of Sznclairza occurring in the area. More recently. a
revision of the genus Sinclairia has been published by Turner (1989a; 1989b)
that treats all the species in a broadened concept of the genus. Included are
species from México and members of the genus Liabellum that are not included
in the Mesoamerican treatment. The Turner study differs in a number of
details from the unpublished treatment of the present author, and a number
of key characters have been missed. Because the Mesoamerican treatment
is‘to be published in Spanish and differs from some parts of Turner’s (1989a)
concepts, I have decided to publish the present English version of the treatment
of Sinclairza in Mesoamerica. A few additional notes are provided.

The two Mexican and Central American genera of the Liabeae, Liabellum
and Sznclairia, are considered closely related in the recent treatments of the
tribe (Robinson & Brettell 1974; Robinson 1983), and the synonymization of
the two by Turner (1989a) does not violate the phyletics of the group. The
species of Liabellum and many species of Sinclairza are the only members of
the tribe that lack ray flowers in the heads. The large heads seen in Sznclarria
subgenus Megaliabum and Liabellum have led Turner (1989a) to place the latter
in the former group, but the character is probably ancestral to the generic pair,
and the two elements may not be closely related. The branch of the subgenus
Megalzabum with which Turner most closely associates the species of Liabellum

37

58 PHY TOLO GIA volume 69(2):57-60 August 1990

in his schema, differs from that of Liabellum by being mostly radiate. The
present effort continues to recognize the generic distinction between Liabellum
and Sinclairia, established in Robinson & Brettell (1974) and Robinson (1983).
Liabellum shows a reduced perennially herbaceous habit from a basal tuber
and has leaves sessile or winged to the base. Sznclazrza species are larger and
often scandent with distinctly petiolate leaves. A young seedling of Sinclazria
polyantha (Costa Rica, Funk 10077a) has been seen with a somewhat enlarged
root, but the enlargement is not as sharply demarcated, and much of its width
is formed by various bulges. The fact that most Sinclairza species may have
enlargements of the roots does not detract from the basic difference in habit
between that genus and Liabellum. The continued acceptance of Liabellum
as a distinct genus necessitates a transfer of one species described by Turner
(1989a). Examination of an isotype (Hinton, et al. 8482) and a paratype
(Hinton 2038) of Sinclairia hintoniorum in the U.S. National Herbarium (US)
indicates that the species is distinct, and the disposition is as follows.

Liabellum hintoniorum (B.L. Turner) H. Robinson, comb. nov. BASIO-
NYM: Sinclairza hintoniorum B.L. Turner, Phytologia 67:201. 1989.

Two additional details of difference from the Turner (1989a) treatment
are worthy of a special note. The Guatemalan species Sinclairia tayumulcensis
(Standl. & Steyerm.) H. Robins. & Bret. is now known from only the type. The
species was placed in the section Sinclairia by Turner (1989a), but it is clearly
a member of what Turner would call Sinclazria section Megalzabum with heads
generally similar to those of Sinclazria andrieuru (DC.) H. Robins. & Bret.,
except for the lack of ray flowers. Also, Turner reduces Sinclatria dimidia (S.F.
Blake) H. Robins. & Bret. to synonymy under Sinclairia polyantha (Klatt)
Rydb. One specimen from GUATEMALA, Dept. Izabel, Steyermark 38200
(US), long in herbaria under the former name, is actually the latter species.
Nevertheless, the type of S. dimizdza from Tikal in GUATEMALA: Dept. Petén,
Bartlett 12602, and three additional specimens (GUATEMALA: Dept. Santa
Elena, Tun Ortiz 1088 (US); Dept. Alta Verapaz, J.D. Smith 1597 (US); and
MEXICO: Chiapas, Breedlove 34987 (CAS) are distinct as indicated in the
key. Sinclatria tonduzii (B.L. Robins.) Rydb., which Turner (1989a) places in
the synonymy of S. polyantha, is also recognized in the present key, but the
value of the distinction needs a careful review.

Key to the species of Sinclatria in Mesoamerica

1. Heads 15-30 mm long; involucres 12-20 mm long, densely whitish tomen-
tose; achenes 5-7 mm long, densely sericeous setulose.

Robinson: Notes on Sinclairia and Liabellum in Mesoamerica 59

2. Heads containing 25-30 rays, 100-130 disk flowers, and 100-130 in-
WOlNCPaN DIACERS Scot eee eke eee ee eee clacarets S. andrieuzrii

2. Heads containing 0 rays, ca. 40 disk flowers, and ca. 40 involucral
BEBCL Be DD no ate os cco rhloys are eVeeIIe Cie waite aie mete S. tayumulcensis

1. Heads 8-15 mm long; involucres 4-11 mm long, puberulous to glabrous,
without any persistent whitish tomentum; achenes 1-4 mm long, short
setulose to glabrous.

3. Involucres 4-5 mm long.

4. Lower surfaces of leaves green, without whitish tomentum;
heads radiate; pedicels mostly 2-10 mm long,
PIOMM OMG. iid oo «Sia i de oh rae aaah ciecimaes weeks S. hypochlora

4. Lower surfaces of leaves whitish tomentose; heads radiate;
pedicels mostly 2-4 mm long, not flexuous.

5. Heads containing ca. 6 flowers; corollas with clustered,
short, gland tipped hairs at tips of lobes; achenes with pap-
Puc of CAX SO brietiess 1. Bee ee See S. deamii

5. Heads containing 10-12 flowers; corollas with only arach-
noid hairs at lobe tips; achenes with pappus of 40-45 bris-
Pleo scans sce «sate cae Meee ce eee S. dimidia

3. Involucres 6-11 mm long.

6. Inflorescence thyrsoid paniculate, longer than wide; heads lack-
ing rays; involucral bracts with tips erect, not coiled backward
with age.

7. Involucral bracts densely brownish puberulous on outer
surface, the inner bracts with pointed tips; heads containing
30-40 flowers; leaves strictly opposite, persistent; leaf blades
broadest near middle. ..................008: S. sericolepis

7. Involucral bracts without dense pubescence on outer sur-
face, inner bracts with rounded tips; heads containing 8-15

flowers; leaves ternate or opposite, usually absent at anthe-
sis; leaf blades broadest below basal third. ......5. glabra

6. Inflorescence pyramidally paniculate, as broad as long; heads
with rays; involucra] bracts with tips usually strongly recurving
or curling with age.

8. Leaf blades persistently pilose above, with larger hairs in
addition to tomentum between veins below. .. S. tonduzti

8. Leaf blades essentially glabrous above, without larger hairs
in addition to tomentum between veins below.

60 PHY POG Q1G.TAh volume 69(2):57-60 August 1990

9. Leaf blades broadest at or below basal third; stems
weak and with fleshy surface; inner involucral bracts of-
ten distinctly pointed::»)..:.......925. eae eeonee S. vagans

9. Leaf blades usually broadest distinctly above basal
third, often nearly elliptical; stems woody; tips of inner
involucral bracts rounded.

10. Achenes densely setuliferous from base; stems hir-
sute with sparse, coarse hairs; trinervation of leaf often
from 1-2 cm above base of blade; involucral bracts 1.0-
1 mm wide.”..:-.’. . ogo) sce eee S. polyantha

10. Achenes glabrous or with sparse setulae mostly
on major ribs; stems glabrous or glabrescent, without
coarse hairs; trinervation never more than 1 cm above
base of blade; involucral bracts 1.0-2.5 mm
WIGE. Secor eet ce cnathes see S. discolor

The accepted species of Sinclairia in Mesoamerica are as follows: Sinclazria
andrieuzu (DC.) H. Robins. & Brettell; S. deamz (B.L. Robins. & Bartlett)
Rydberg; S. dimidia (S.F. Blake) H. Robins. & Brettell; S. discolor Hooker
& Arnott; S. glabra (Hemsley) Rydberg; S. hypochlora (S.F. Blake) Rydberg;
S. polyantha (Klatt) Rydberg; S. serzcolepis (Hemsley) Rydberg; S. tayumul-
censis (Standl. & Steyerm.) H. Robins. & Brettell; S. tonduzi (B.L. Robins.)
Rydberg; S. vagans (S.F. Blake) H. Robins. & Brettell.

LITERATURE CITED

Robinson, H. 1983. A generic review of the tribe Liabeae (Asteraceae).
Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 54:1-69.

& R.D. Brettell. 1974. Studies in the Liabeae (Asteraceae), II:
preliminary survey of the genera. Phytologia 28:43-63.

Turner, B.L. 1989a. Revisionary treatment of the genus Sinclairza, including
Liabellum (Asteraceae, Liabeae). Phytologia 67:168-206.

1989b. Taxonomic status of Sinclairia adenotricha (Asteraceae:

Liabeae). Phytologia 67:386.

Phytologia (August 1990) 69(2):61-86.

NOTES ON AGERATINA IN MESOAMERICA
(EUPATORIEAE: ASTERACEAE)

Harold Robinson

Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History,
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560 U.S.A.

ABSTRACT

A key is provided for the 55 species of Ageratina in Mesoamerica.
Nine new species are described, A. alexanderi sp. nov., A. capil-
lipes sp. nov., A. guatemalensis sp. nov., A. herrerae sp. nov., A.
hirtella sp. nov., A. motozintlensis sp. nov., A. subcoriacea sp.
nov., A. thomasii sp. nov., and A. valerioi sp. nov. In addition,
two new combinations are made: A. huehueteca comb. nov. and A.
pichinchensis (H.B.K.) King & H. Robins. var. bustamenta comb.
nov.

KEY WORDS: Asteraceae, Eupatorieae, Ageratina, Mesoamerica,
key.

A study of the genus Ageratina for the Flora Mesoamericana has shown the
need for the following nine new species descriptions and two new combinations.
Also, a preliminary English key is provided for the Mesoamerican species of
Ageratina.

Ageratina huehueteca (Standley & Steyerm.) R.M. King & H. Robinson,
comb. nov. BASIONYM: Eupatorium huehuetecum Standley & Stey-
erm., Publ. Field Mus., Bot. 22:304. 1940.

The species was regarded as a probable reduced form of Ageratina bus-
tamenta (DC.) King & H. Robins. in the listing of species for the generic
treatment of the Eupatorieae (King & Robinson 1987).

Ageratina pichinchensis (H.B.K.) King & H. Robins. var. bustamenta
(DC.) R.M. King & H. Robinson, comb. nov. BASIONYM: Eupatorium
bustamentum DC., Prodr. 5:168. 1836.

61

62 PHY TOU O'G:TA volume 69(2):61-86 August 1990

The Mexican and Mesoamerican variety seems to differ from the typical
Andean material of Ageratina pichinchensis, only by the somewhat more ob-
tuse leaf apices.

Ageratina alexanderi R.M. King & H. Robinson, sp. nov. (Figure 1).
HOLOTYPE: COSTA RICA. San José, E] General, Skutch 4196 (US).

Plantae suffrutescentes ad 2 m altae. Caules et petioli dense
rubro-puberuli. Folia opposita, petiolis plerumque 2-4 cm longis;
laminae herbaceae ovatae plerumque 6-10 cm longae et 3-6 cm latae
propter tertiam basilarem latissimae base obtuse rotundatae vel
breviter acutae parce acuminatae margine 10-20 breviter obtuse
serratae apice breviter acuminatae supra uniformiter sparse ap-
presse puberulae subtus in nervis densius puberulae non glandulif-
erae 2-7 mm supra basem trinervatae, nervis a ca. 25-30° divergen-
tibus. Inflorescentiae in caulibus foliosis terminales late corymbose
cymosae, ramosis inferioribus alternis, bracteis inferioribus parve
foliosis, ramulosis dense puberulis. Capitula 5-6 mm alta; bracteae
involucri 15-17 eximbricatae 4-5 mm longae et 0.8-1.0 mm latae
apice leniter scariosae non costatae erose breviter acutae extus pu-
berulae. Flores ca. 25; corollae albae ca. 2.7 mm longae, tubis ca.
1.8 mm longis, faucibus ca. 1.5 mm longis, lobis ca. 0.4 mm longis
extus puberulis. Achaenia ca. 2 mm longa superne et in costis
setulifera; setae pappi mediocriter deciduae ca. 3 mm longae.

Material of the species was previously included among the paratypes of
Ageratina cartagoensis King & H. Robins., but the latter species differs by its
more brownish, coarsely pilosulous stems, its less widely diverging trinervation,
and by the more narrowly pointed and nonerose apices of the involucral bracts.

Ageratina capillipes R.M. King & H. Robinson, sp. nov. (Figure 2). HOLO-
TYPE: GUATEMALA. Chimaltenango: road to Lximche Ruins, Tecpan,
herb common on banks of Iximche Creek, alt. 2500 m. Flowers white.
Jan 12-23, 1966, A. Molina R., W.C. Burger & B. Wallenta 16080 (US).
PARATYPES: MEXICO. Chiapas: Along road from Motozintla de Men-
doza to Siltepec via El Porvenir, 14.1 miles NW of Motozintla; cloud
forest on steep slopes facing the Atlantic; primary forest. 1 m; flowers
white. 11 Feb 1979, T.B. Croat 47287 (MO, US).

Plantae herbaceae erectae tenues ad 1 m altae. Caules brun-
nei subglabri sparse appresse puberuli. Folia opposita, petiolis
plerumque 1-2 cm longis; laminae oblongo-ellipticae ad ovatae tenu-
iter herbaceae plerumque 4-7 cm longae et 2.0-3.5 cm latae propter

Robinson: Notes on Ageratina in Mesoamerica 63

Aad) shud 2m; Le. uth
Brarels SFI Aine. om piers
4 Finwe. Sam Sones alt {LD meters

; anand sstch, Collerte e
Fhe ace “ah Fab 19

Ageratina alexanderi R. M. King & H. Robinson, holotype, United States National
Herbarium (US). Photos by Victor E. Krantz, Staff Photographer, National Muscum of
Natural History. ks

Figure 1. Ageratina aleranderi R.M. King & H. Robinson, holotype, United
States National Herbarium (US). Photos by Victor E. Krantz, Staff Photog-
rapher, National Museum of Natural History.

64 PHY TO LOGUiA volume 69(2):61-86 August 1990

ma Cer ilipes RD King + H Rech recom

Helobeps

GUATEMALA
16080 — (ainige Nutwral Mistery Masemm
EKupatorius aff. minearus Stand), 4 | .W#e

Fla, white, herd common on banks of
Ixtache Creek, road to Iximehe Ruins,
Tecrén,

O- FRAC

2576649 4 Gh ienlt *

ALONAL HERAAPLON Alte 2500 My AR
Antonio Molina R.. Willen: ( Burger and Bruce Wallents

Ageratina capillipes R. M. King & H. Robi bh 2 i ati
rec sa King inson, holotype, United States National

Figure 2. Ageratina capillipes R.M. King & H. Robinson, holotype, United
States National Herbarium (US).

Robinson: Notes on Ageratina in Mesoamerica 65

1/3-2/5 latissimae base breviter acutae margine 10-15 breviter uni-
vel bi-crenato-serrulatae apice mediocriter acutae supra et subtus
sparse puberulae in nervis vix densius puberulae non glandulif-
erae 2-5 mm supra basem trinervatae, nervis secundariis a costis
15-20° divergentibus a marginis basilaribus mediocriter divergen-
tibus. Inflorescentiae in caulibus foliosis terminales, ramulosis 5-9
mm longis minute subappresse puberulis. Capitula ca. 7 mm alta;
bracteae involucri ca. 10-14 eximbricatae ca. 4-5 mm longae et 0.4-
0.6 mm latae apice anguste acutae subscariosae extus glabrae vel
puberulae. Flores 12-22; corollae albae ca. 4.5 mm longae, tubis
ca. 1.5 mm longis, faucibus ca. 2 mm longis, lobis ca. 1 mm longis
pilosulis. Achaenia 2.0-2.2 mm longa fusiformia dense setulifera;
setae pappi facile deciduae ca. 3 mm longae.

The species has the tenuous habit and involucral form of Ageratina helenae
King & H. Robins. and A. molinae King & H. Robins., but the leaf blades are
more narrowly ovate, the trinervation is distinctly above the base and less
broadly spreading, and the throat of the corolla is distinctly longer than the
basal tube. Material of the species was originally distributed by the Field
Museum under the name Eupatorium aff. minarum Standl. & L.O. Williams.

Ageratina guatemalensis R.M. King & H. Robinson, sp. nov. (Figure 3).
HOLOTYPE: GUATEMALA. Quezaltenango: Slopes of Volcan de Santa
Maria, above Palojunoj, alt. 2400-3768 m. March 6, 1939, P.C. Standley
67608 (US).

Plantae suffrutescentes erectae ad 1.5 m altae. Caules atrescen-
titer rubro-brunnei sparse appresse puberuli glabrescentes. Folia
opposita, petiolis 1-3 cm longis; laminae herbaceae ovatae 3-7 cm
longae et 1.5-3.5 cm latae propter quartam basilarem latissimae
base rotundatae vel subtruncatae margine vadose 10-20 serratae
apice acutae vel breviter argute acuminatae supra inter nervam reg-
ulariter pilosae in nervis dense puberulae subtus leniter pallidiores
solum in nervis pilosae non glanduliferae in acuminis basilaribus
trinervatae, nervis secundariis a ca. 25° divergentibus. Inflores-
centiae in caulibus foliosis terminales, ramosis dense corymbosis
2-3-stratosis, ramulis 3-9 mm longis dense puberulis. Capitula 8-9
mm alta; bracteae involucri ca. 13 eximbricatae anguste lanceo-
latae plerumque purpurascentes ca. 7 mm longae et 0.8-1.0 mm
latae apice anguste acutae extus dense purpureo-puberulae. Flores
ca. 17; corollae albae ca. 5.3 mm longae, tubis ca. 2 mm longis,
faucibus ca. 2.5 mm longis, lobis ca. 0.8 mm longis extus rubro-
pilosulis. Achaenia ca. 2.2 mm longa fusiformia in costis et inter

66 PHY POODCGTA volume 69(2):61-86 August 1990

' Ype

j PLA F GUATEMALA
£7609, Lee cemeee tues

; eae
Sw fovea 3800-m. Henk Sf Neagle

Ageratina guatemalensis R. M. King & H. Robinson, holotype, United States National
Herbarium (US).

Figure 3. Ageratina guatemalensis R.M. King & H. Robinson, holotype, United
States National Herbarium (US).

Robinson: Notes on Ageratina in Mesoamerica 67

costas valde setulifera; setae pappi facile deciduae 4.5-5.0 mm lon-
gae.

The type specimen was originally named Eupatorium skutchu B.L. Robins.,
but the latter is a synonym of Ageratina rivalis (Regel) King & H. Robins.,
usually having black lenticular spots on the stems, broader leaf blades, less
evident purplish pubescence in the heads, and setulae on the achenes restricted
to the ribs. The new species has rather large heads compared to other densely
corymbose species, involucral bracts with narrow tips, and very coarse setulae
on the sides and ribs of the achene.

Ageratina herrerae R.M. King & H. Robinson, sp. nov. (Figure 4). TYPE:
PANAMA. Bocas del Toro: Cordillera de Talamanca, headwaters of
the Rio Colubre, 6 airline km NW of the peak of Cerro Echandi on
the Costa Rican-Panamanian international border; 9° 05’ N, 82° 50’ 30”
W; elev. 2450-2600 m. Mixed Quercus-Podocarpus-Magnolia-Symplocus-
laurel forest with Chusquea understory. Along river bank. Semi-shrub
1 m tall; flowers fragrant, the florets white. 2-3 Mar 1984, G. Davidse,
L.D. Gomez, G. Herrera C., D. Chacon, I. & A. Chacon 25178 (HOLO-
TYPE: US; Isotype MO). PARATYPES: PANAMA. Bocas del Toro:
Cordillera de Talamanca, 2 airline km NW of the peak of Cerro Echandi
on the Costa Rican-Panamanian international border; 9° 03’ N. 82° 50’
W; elev. 2850 m. Mixed Quercus-Podocarpus cloud forest in narrow
canyon. Along stream. Shrub 75 cm tall; flor_ts white with a pink tinge.
29 Feb 1984, G. Davidse, L.D. Gomez, G. Herrera C., R. Chacon, I.
& A. Chacon 25095 (MO, US); SE slopes of Cerro Echandi, between
Jilguero & Danta Camps, 2600-2800 m. March 1, 1984, L.D. Gomez,
I. Chacon, G. Davidse, & G. Herrera 22279 (MO, US). Chiriqut: Path
above Cerro Punta to Boquete, 8° 50’ N, 82° 30’ W. ca. 2500 m. Moist
forest. Heads white. 16 March 1983, C. Hamilton & H. Stockwell 3373
(MO, US).

Plantae suffruticosae ad 1 m altae. Caules pallide brunnes-
centes dense puberuli vel pilosuli. Folia opposita, petiolis plerumque
3-8 cm longis; laminae herbaceae ovatae 6-10 cm longae et 3.5-
10.0 cm latae ad tertiam basilarem latissimae base vix obtusae vel
subtruncatae vel late cordatae margine valde 10-20 saepe duplo
crenato-serratae apice breviter late acuminatae supra et subtus in-
ter nervis minute mediocriter puberulae in nervis dense puberulae
non glanduliferae 2-5 mm supra basem trinervatae, nervis secun-
dariis 35° divergentibus. Inflorescentiae in caulibus foliosis termi-
nales dense late corymbosae, ramulosis dense pilosulis vel hirtellis.
Capitula ca. 6 mm alta; bracteae involucri ca. 15 eximbricatae ca. 5

68 PHY TOLO-GIA volume 69(2):61-86 August 1990

ies 1b Kh Oracen 225 7
] ROTANICAL GARDEN MERBARICM {xo:

vratina herrerae R. M. King & H. Robinson, holotype, United States National Herbarium

(US).

Figure 4. Ageratina herrerae R.M. King & H. Robinson, holotype, United
States National Herbarium (US).

Robinson: Notes on Ageratina in Mesoamerica 69

mm longae et 0.8-1.0 mm latae apice anguste acutae vel attenuatae
herbaceae extus puberulae vel pilosulae. Flores ca. 25; corollae al-
bae ca. 3.5 mm longae, tubis ca. 1.5 mm longae, faucibus ca. 1.5
mm longis, lobis ca. 0.4 mm longis extus pilosulis. Achaenia 1.8-
2.0 mm longa superne leniter constricta superne in costis sparse
scabrida; setae pappi facile deciduae ca. 3-4 mm longae.

Material of the new species was first determined as Ageratina bustamenta
(DC.) King & H. Robins., the Central American variant of Ageratina pich-
inchensis, but the two have only superficial similarities. The new species has
puberulous stems and large coarsely crenate leaf blades, and it belongs to the
related group in Panama and Costa Rica, having minutely scabrid rather than
setuliferous achenes.

Ageratina hirtella R.M. King & H. Robinson, sp. nov. (Figure 5). HOLO-
TYPE: COSTA RICA. San Jose: along route 2, ca. 25 km S of Cartago,
elev. 5700 ft. 1/2 m tall, partial shade, flowers white. June 11, 1974,
R.M. King 6755 (US). PARATYPES: COSTA RICA. San José: along
route 2, 17 km generally SE of Empalme, elev. ca. 8100 ft. Shrub to 1/2
m tall, open area, flowers white. June 11, 1974, R.M. King 6761 (US).
Puntarenas: Foothills of the Cordillera de Talamanca, around Tres Coli-
nas; 9° 07’ N, 83° 04’ W; elev. 1800-1850 m. Mixed forest with Quercus,
Magnolia and Cornus common. Roadside; plants to 75 cm; florets white.
20 March 1984. G. Davidse, G. Herrera Ch. & R.H. Warner 25629 (MO,
US).

Plantae herbaceae erectae ad 75 cm altae. Caules pallide brun-
nescentes dense hirsutuli. Folia opposita, petiolis plerumque 1-2
cm longis: laminae herbaceae ovatae plerumque 4-5 cm longae et
2.5-3.5 cm latae propter tertiam basilarem latissimae base late ro-
tundatae margine 15-20 breviter argute serrulatae apice distincte
argute breviter acuminatae supra et subtus mediocriter puberu-
lae subtus in nervis dense puberulae non glanduliferae 2-3 mm
supra basem ascendentiter trinervatae, nervis secundariis a ca. 20°
divergentibus. Inflorescentiae in caulibus foliosis terminales laxe
thysoideae, ramis dense corymbosis, ramulosis dense pilosulis. Ca-
pitula ca. 5-6 mm alta; bracteae involucri ca. 16-18 eximbricatae
ca. 5 mm longae et 0.8-1.0 mm latae apice subherbaceae acutae vel
anguste acutae extus dense puberulae. Flores 29-40; corollae albae
ca. 3.5 mm longae, tubis ca. 1.5 mm longis, faucibus ca. 1.5 mm
longis, lobis 0.5-0.7 mm longis extus pilosulis. Achaenia ca. 2 mm
longa fusiformia in costis et superne setulifera; setae pappi facile
deciduae 2.5-3.5 mm longae.

70 PHYTOEOGIA volume 69(2):61-86 August 1990

PLANTS CF COSTA RICA

Ageratina hirtella R. M. King & H. Robinson, holotype, United States National Herbarium
(US).

Figure 5. Ageratina hirtella R.M. King & H. Robinson, holotype, United States
National Herbarium (US).

Robinson: Notes on Ageratina in Mesoamerica (it

The new species has a distinctive ovate leaf blade with sharp serrations
and a distinct apical acumination. The inflorescence is also rather charac-
teristically thyrsoid. The specimens were initially determined as Ageratina
bustamenta, but the leaf tips are much more pointed and the involucral bracts
are narrowly acute. The species may be closely related to A. costaricensis
King & H. Robins., but the latter is a generally smaller plant with puberulous
stems, the veins of the trinervation straighter at the base, the inflorescence
less dense, and the achenes with setulae denser on the ribs.

Ageratina motozintlensis R.M. King & H. Robinson, sp. nov. (Figure 6).
TYPE: MEXICO. Chiapas: Municipio of Motozintla de Mendoza. Steep
slope with Pinus and Quercus near summit of Cerro Moxotal, elev. 2750
m. 24 Nov 1981, D.E. Breedlove & B. Bartholomew 55832 (HOLO-
TYPE: US; Isotype: CAS).

Plantae fruticosae ad 0.8 m altae. Caules brunnescentes; caules
petioli laminae foliorum rami inflorescentis et bracteae involucri
mediocriter vel dense rubre stipitate glanduliferae. Folia opposita,
petiolis 1.0-1.3 cm longis; laminae herbaceae late ovatae plerumque
2.0-2.4 cm longae et 1.5-2.0 cm latae propter tertiam basilarem
latissimae base leniter subcordatae margine breviter ca. 10 crenato-
serratae apice breves acutae vel vix acuminatae supra regulariter
glandulo-piliferae subtus leniter pallidiores in nervis densius glan-
duliferae non glandulo-punctatae ad basem trinervatae, nervis se-
cundariis ad angulos 40-50° divergentes. Inflorescentiae in caulibus
foliosis terminales, ramulis plerumque 9-13 mm longis. Capitula ca.
8 mm alta; bracteae involucri ca. 20 eximbricatae plerumque 5-6
mm longae et ca. 0.9 mm latae apice anguste acutae rubescentes in
bracteis interioribus plus scariosae. Flores ca. 30; corollae albae ca.
4.5 mm longae, tubis 1.5 mm longis, faucibus ca. 2 mm longis, lo-
bis 1.0-1.2 mm longis extus sparse puberulis. Achaenia ca. 2.2 mm
longa fusiformia in costis dense setulifera inter costas subglabra;
setae pappi facile deciduae pallide lavandulae plerumque ca. 4 mm
longae.

The new species resembles Ageratina rhypodes (B.L. Robins.) King & H.
Robins., and may have its closest relationship to that Andean species. Both
show the indument of reddish stipitate glands on the stems, leaves, inflo-
rescence branches and involucre. The Andean species is most distinct in its
strongly cordate leaf bases with a central acumination, and by the trinervation
being basal and marginal in that basal acumination.

72 PRY POLOGTEA volume 69(2):61-86 August 1990

C2 tia FP ees ae

$105 FG4

I) FE, Breedlove

Ageratina motozinilensis R. M. King & H. Robinson, holotype, United States National
Herbarium (US).

Figure 6. Ageratina motozintlensis R.M. King & H. Robinson, holotype,
United States National Herbarium (US).

Robinson: Notes on Ageratina in Mesoamerica 73

Ageratina subcoriacea R.M. King & H. Robinson, sp. nov. (Figure 7).
HOLOTYPE: MEXICO. Chiapas: Municipio of La Trinitaria. Slope
with Liguidambar, Quercus and Pinus at the Lago of Monte Bello, 25
miles east of La Trinitaria, elev. 5100 ft. Flowers white, 3 feet tall. 13
April 1965, D.E. Breedlove 9741 (DS).

Plantae fruticosae erectae ad 3 m altae. Caules pallide brun-
nescentes subcarnosi sparse minute appresse pilosi. Folia opposita,
petiolis 2-6 cm longis; laminae subcoriaceae late ovatae plerumque
5.5-10.5 cm longae et 3-8 cm latae propter tertiam basilarem latis-
simae base late obtusae vel subtruncatae margine valde serratae
ad duplo-serratae apice breviter acuminatae supra sparse minute
puberulae subtus non glandulo-punctatae in axillis nervis subto-
mentosae 5-10 mm supra basem trinervatae, nervis secundariis a
30-40° divergentibus, nervulis subtus reticulatis atrescentibus non
prominulis. Inflorescentiae caulibus foliosis terminales dense late
corymbosae, ramulis puberulis non stipitate glanduliferae. Ca-
pitula ca. 9-10 mm alta; bracteae involucri 20-25 eximbricatae
oblongo-lanceolatae 8-9 mm longae et 0.5 mm latae apice longe
attenuatae extus puberulae. Flores 30-50; corollae albae, ca. 5.3
mm longae, tubis 2.0-2.5 mm longis, faucibus ca. 2.2 mm longis,
lobis ca. 0.8 mm longis et ca. 0.4 mm latis extus non pilosis. Achae-
nia ca. 3.5 mm longa base leniter angustiora in costis et superne
plerumque breviter setulifera non glandulifera; setae pappi medi-
ocriter deciduae ca. 4.5 mm longae.

The new species is a member of the subgenus Neogreenella in the group
containing Ageratzna mazretiana (DC.) King & H. Robins., but it differs from
most species in the group by having setulae rather than glands on the achenes.
The species seems most closely related to Ageratina ernstw King & H. Robins.
from Oaxaca, but the pedicels and involucre lack stipitate glands, the leaves
are more coriaceous, and the inflorescences are more compact.

Ageratina thomasii R.M. King & H. Robinson, sp. nov. (Figure 8). TYPE:
MEXICO. Chiapas: Along road between Motozintla de Mendoza and Sil-
tepec via El Porvenir, 13 miles NW of Motozintla, elev. 1580 m. Less
than 1 m; flowers white. 11 Feb 1979, Thomas B. Croat 47279 (HOLO-
TYPE: US; Isotype: MO).

Plantae erectae parve fruticosae ad 0.5 m altae. Caules pri-
mari pallide brunnescentes subcarnosi glabri, ramis sparse pu-
berulis. Folia opposita, petiolis plerumque 3-8 mm longis; lami-
nae ovatae 1.5-3.5 cm longae et 1-2 cm latae propter tertiam basi-
larem latissimae base obtusae margine 3-7 obtuse serratae apice

74 PHY T.0.L O.Gi A

volume 69(2):61-86

August 1990

om

Piasr or Qaaras. Mexico

ype with Licuidambar, Quercus and Pinus ar
fhe Lage of Monte Bello, € mises east of La
Teiaicarta, maniciplo of La Tripiraria.

Elevation 3100 leet
DE. Breedlove 13 April i905

Ageraiina subconacea R. M. King & H. Robinson, holotype, United States National
Herbarium (US).

Figure 7. Ageratina subcoriacea R.M. King & H. Robinson, holotype, United
States National Herbarium (US).

Robinson: Notes on Ageratina in Mesoamerica 75

NITED STATES

2986619

TONAL HERUARIIM

ARILM

Ageratina thomasii R. M. King & H. Robinson, holotype, United States National
Herbarium (US).

Figure 8. Ageratina thomasii R.M. King & H. Robinson, holotype, United
States National Herbarium (US).

76 PHYTOLOGIA volume 69(2):61-86 August 1990

breviter acutae supra et subtus subglabrae in nervis majoribus et
margine sparse minute puberulae non glandulo-punctatae 1-6 mm
supra basem trinervatae, nervis secundariis ad angulos ca. 30° di-
vergentibus, nervulis non distincte reticulatis. Inflorescentiae in
ramis terminales corymbosae; corymbis parvis 10-20 capitatis, ra-
mulis puberulis non glanduliferis. Capitula ca. 6 mm alta; bracteae
involucri 12-16 eximbricatae oblongo-ellipticae ca. 3.5 mm longae
et ca. 0.8 mm latae apice acutae extus subglabrae. Flores ca. 20;
corollae ca. 3.8 mm longae, tubis 1.5 mm longis, faucibus late eam-
panulatis ca. 1.5 mm longis, lobis ca. 0.8 mm longis et ca. 0.4-0.5
mm latis extus non pilosis. Achaenia ca. 1.5 mm longa base angus-
tiora in costis et superne breviter setulifera; setae pappi 2-3 mm
longae mediocriter deciduae.

The new species is a member of subgenus Neogreenella with some resem-
blance to the rather scandent Ageratina ovilla (Standl. & Steyerm.) King &
H. Robins., but there is no indication of a scandent habit. Also, the lateral
branches spread at more nearly 45° rather than at right angles. The involucral
bracts are also shorter and are greatly exceeded by the florets in the mature

heads.

Ageratina valerioi R.M. King & H. Robinson, sp. nov. (Figure 9). HOLO-
TYPE: COSTA RICA. Cartago: Along the Rio Reventado, north of
Cartago, alt. 1460-1650 m. Moist thicket; erect bushy herb 3 ft.; flowers
white. Feb. 26, 1926, P.C. Standley & J. Valerio 49493 (US).

Plantae herbaceae erectae ad 0.8 m altae. Caules pallidi vel
mediocriter brunnescentes hirsuti. Folia opposita, petiolis 1.5-3.5
cm longis; laminae membranaceae ovatae plerumque 6-10 cm lon-
gae et 3-6 cm latae propter tertiam basilarem latissimae base rotun-
datae vel breviter obtusae et leniter acuminatae margine supra ter-
tiam basilarem breviter 10-20 crenato-serrulatae apice breviter late
acuminatae supra et subtus minute puberulae non glanduliferae in
nervis densius puberulae 2-5 mm supra basem trinervatae, nervis
secundariis ad 20-25° divergentibus. Inflorescentiae in caulibus fo-
liosis terminales dense pyramidaliter paniculatae, ramulis dense pu-
berulis vel hispidulis. Capitula ca. 5 mm alta; bracteae involucri
ca. 13 eximbricatae 3.5-4.0 mm longae et 0.6-0.8 mm latae ad 7/8
costatae apice obtuse erosae tenuiter scariosae extus puberulae.
Flores 25-30; corollae albae ca. 3.7 mm longae; tubis ca. 1.5 mm
longis, faucibus ca. 1.5 mm longis, lobis ca. 0.7 mm longis extus
pilosulis. Achaenia ca. 1.5 mm longa fusiformia in costis superne
dense setulifera et inter costas superne sparse setulifera; setae pappi
facile deciduae ca. 3 mm longae.

Robinson: Notes on Ageratina in Mesoamerica 77

SES ST»
S Py

& aN Lg OS URE s iy

Aperatina valerioi R. M. King & H. Robinson, holotype, United States National Herbarium
(US).

Figure 9. Ageratina valerioti R.M. King & H. Robinson, holotype, United
States National Herbarium (US).

78 PHYROCO-GTA volume 69(2):61-86 August 1990

The species is one of those in Costa Rica having elliptic-ovate leaves with
strongly ascending lateral veins of the trinervation. The type specimen of
the new species was cited as a paratype of Ageratzna cartagoensis (King &
Robinson 1972) but the latter as presently defined differs by the coarse curved
pilosity of the stems and the narrowly acute tips of the involucral bracts. The
new species is also similar to A. alezanderi, described above, but the latter
has puberulous stems, more ovate leaf blades, and a more broadly corymbose
inflorescence.

Key to the species of Ageratina in Mesoamerica

1. Corollas with lobes as long as throat: pappus rather persistent, spreading
with age: lower leaf surface much paler than upper, membranaceous, loosely
attached except.at major VEINS... ijo.:2)aj00 51> 5 5. A. anisochroma

1. Corolla throats longer than lobes; pappus erect or deciduous with age: lower
leaf surface firmly attached to most veins of leaf.

2. Leaf blades with no strongly ascending veins diverging at less than 45°
from midrib.
3. Leaves with numerous glandular punctations.

4. Involucral bracts with numerous stipitate glands; achenes with small
glandular dots; leaf blades with no basal auricles. ...12. A. caecilae

4. Involucral bracts without stipitate glands; achenes with no glands.
with only setulae; leaf blades usually with lobes and strongly recurved
WMBE GIS Al DASES. fs 6 onc vice ee es nae saa 29. A. hgustrina

3. Leaves without glandular punctations.
5. Leaves sessile; stems glabrous: florets ca. 6 in a head. 17. A. contigua
5. Leaves petiolate; stems puberulous; florets 20-30 in a head.
6: Heads with 20-22 florets, <2... 92.0. 22a 48. A. subglabra
G6: Heads with 28°30) florets... 52... >. eee eens 52. A. tonduzu
2. Leaf blades with some veins in lower third ascending at less than 45° di-

vergence from midrib, often strongly trinervate; leaf blades usually widest
distinctly below middle.

7. Peduncles of inflorescence and also often involucral bracts with numer-
ous, distinctly stipitate glands.

8. Achenes glabrous or glanduliferous.

Robinson: Notes on Ageratina in Mesoamerica 79

9. Achenes glabrous; leaves trinervate from top of petiole; heads 4-5
mm high; corollas with abruptly narrowed basal
Hes wis byron: and Gaterwnigeye » aeaypariier eles way -asyopeseaets 1. A. adenophora
9. Achenes glanduliferous; leaves usually trinervate from point above
base of blade; heads 7-12 mm high; corollas without abruptly nar-
rowed basal twhoe...' ice ahi ae cee eee eee ae 39. A. pringler

8. Achenes setuliferous or scabrid, without glands.
105 Leaves.in basal rosette. .+ .uie.sacdsierecens date 10. A. bellidifolia
10. Leaves cauline.
7. Peduncles and involucral bracts without stipitate glands, sometimes with
sessile or nearly sessile glandular dots.

11. Petioles less than 1.5 cm long; leaf blades usually less than 5 cm long,
trinervate from base of blade.

12. Stems, leaves, and involucre with numerous, reddish, stipitate glands;
iivolucre: With ‘can20*bracts-! /aae. sets Bee 33. A. motozintlensis

12. Hairs of stems, leaves, and involucre not reddish; involucre with
13-16 bracts.

13. Leaves subsessile, the petioles 1-2 mm long. .16. A. chiriquensis

13. Leaves with petioles 0.7-1.3 cm long. ............ 28. A. kuppera

11. Petioles 1-7 cm long; leaf blades over 5 cm long, trinervate from above

base of blade.

14. Leaf blades deltate, veinlets not forming a minute dark
reticulum sO. awit ee RC Se eee 55. A. zunilana
14. Leaf blades ovate, veinlets as seen from below forming a minute
dark reticulum.
15. Leaves and stems densely velutinous. ........... 54. A. vernalis
15. Leaves and stems glabrous to minutely puberulous.
16. Corollas without a tuft of hairs on lobes, and without a sharply

delimitedsbasalutube) sp ner saeco er eee 26. A. antibucensis
16. Corollas with apical tuft of hairs on lobes, with sharply delim-
iteduslender basal tubes aces oeerene eo eee 27. A. tz10cladon

17. Scrambling shrubs with branches of inflorescence spreading at 90° an-
gles; heads with 8-10 florets.

18. Leaves serrate, secondary veins parallel to basal margin, veinlets
prominulous on both surfaces; achenes glabrous or minimally scabrid
DCE aa nt aN raed UR Re eR Steal 41. A. retoculifera

18. Leaves subentire, secondary veins divergent from basal margin,
veinlets not prominulous; achenes hispid above. ...... 35. A. ovilla

80 PHY T OdL,OiGEA volume 69(2):61-86 August 1990

17. Erect herbs, shrubs, or trees with ascending branches in inflorescence;
heads with 12 or more florets.

19. Achenes glabrous or glanduliferous, essentially without setulae or
scabrae.

20. Achenes glanduliferous; stems, young leaves, and axils of large
secondary veins on leaf undersurface with appressed, arachnoid
omentum, 24025) AVOMl beter ee 30. A. mazretiana

20. Achene glabrous, without glands.

21. Leaf blades elliptical with long-acuminate bases and tips; sec-
ondary veins strongly ascending in 3-4 pairs, heads ca. 6 mm
high, with ca. 13 involucral bracts. ............ 11. A. burger

21. Leaf blades ovate with short-acuminate bases and tips; triner-
vate from near base; heads ca. 4 mm high, with ca. 20 involucral
BRACES: din ath. artiste stale Ao pickle. ance ae ee 31. A. malacolepis

19. Achenes distinctly setuliferous or scabrid on ribs or upper surfaces.

22. Corollas with few or no hairs on outer surfaces of lobes; leaf
surface sometimes with obvious glandular dots.
23. Leaves without glandular dots below; stem and leaf surfaces
glabrous to subglabrous or with sparse, appressed pubescence.
24. Leaf blades 1.5-3.5 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, undersurface with-
out a close reticulum of veinlets; inflorescences small with 10-
20 heads; heads ca. 6 mm high, with 12-16 involucral
BRACES, oan aA bro aerids sete jaectnlene eee 50. A. thomasi
24. Leaf blades 3.5-7.0 cm long, mostly 2-6 cm wide, under-
surface with a close reticulum of veinlets; inflorescences large
with 50 or more heads; heads 8-10 mm high, with 18-25 in-
volucral bracts.
25. Veinlets of leaf blades forming a prominulous, close reticu-
lum on both surfaces; leaf margins subserrulate; heads with
GRO MOLEESS 2 5 nye center ote ee 43. A. salvadorensis
25. Veinlets of leaf blades with the reticulum not prominu-
lous; leaf margins serrate; heads with 30-50
HOTELS! Ce cee oes cet a cenie ue eee 47. A. subcoriacea
23. Leaves with numerous glandular dots below; stems and leaf
surfaces with distinct, usually erect pubescence.
26. Leaf base deeply cordate, trinervate from base of
blade. scedieen auth cake taut eee 37. A. petrolaris
26. Leaf base obtuse to scarcely cordate, trinervate from above

base of blade.

Robinson: Notes on Ageratina in Mesoamerica 81

27. Leaf tips acute to short-acuminate; stems hirsute to to-
mentose, often with reddish hairs. ...... 49. A. subinclusa

27. Leaf tips rounded; stems grayish or yellowish
PUDESCEME oc aaere se eda ce 51. A. tomentella

22. Corollas with numerous long hairs on outer surfaces of lobes;
surfaces of leaf blades with only obscure glandular pits or without
glands.

28. Heads with usually 20-24 involucral bracts 1-2 mm wide, with
50-125 florets; plants herbaceous, mostly 30-80 cm tall, often
with enlarged basal leaves; inflorescence scapose or subscapose.

29. Stems distinctly reddish; heads 6-9 mm long; leaf margins
with 4-12 blunt or coarse crenations or serrations; achenes
2.2-2.7 mm long; involucre puberulous, peduncles densely pu-
berulous' to pilosulous)) 2.27.2 e cee « 40. A. prunellaefolia

29. Stems brownish with at most a reddish tinge; heads 4-6
mm long; leaf margins with 10-20 crenations or blunt serra-
tions; achenes ca. 1.5 mm long; involucre glabrous; peduncles
glabrous to sparsely puberulous.

30. Inflorescence laxly branching with few heads per branch,
peduncles to 7.5 cm long; leaf blades ovate to orbicular,
usually cuneate to truncate at base; Jeaves confined to lower
Lt of plants. 0 3i6.2eec cee eee ee te ee eee 34. A. muellert

30. Inflorescence moderately lax with numerous heads, pe-
duncles short; leaf blades cordate; reduced leaves extending
well up stem into inflorescence. ...........4. A. anchistea

28. Heads with usually 10-16 involucral bracts 0.3-1.0 mm wide,
with rarely more than 45 florets; plants subshrubs to shrubs
without evident basal leaves; inflorescence terminal on leafy
stems.

31. Corollas with numerous hairs inside at bases of
lobes: ......:82 Dee SS ARMS. oo or eee aes 46. A. subcordata
31. Corollas without evident hairs inside at bases of lobes.

32. Involucral bracts with small sessile glands on outer sur-
face, sometimes viscid, without nonglandular hairs except
at marcia ce secs eee eens 27. A. iz1ocladon

32. Involucral bracts without glands, with few to many nong-
landular hairs.

33. Achenes with only scabrae or short spicules that are 1!-
3 times as long as wide, not longer than space between
them; plants restricted to Costa Rica and Panama.

82 PHY T.0.4,0 GIA volume 69(2):61-86 August 1990

34. Bases of leaf blades acute, strongest secondary veins
located well above base near basal 1/3 of blade.

35. Stems puberulous; leaf blades minutely puberulous,
areoles without internal vesicular
IMELHSIONS.. \\s,:,> : a.02., + oe eee 3. A. alleni
35. Stems hirsute; leaf blades pilose, areoles with inter-
nal vesicular inclusions. .......... 9. A. barbensis

34. Bases of leaf blades rounded to broadly: obtuse or
subcordate, strongest secondary veins arising within
5 mm of blade base.

36. Leaf blades broadest near basal 1/4, tips narrowly
acuminate; heads ca. 4 mm long. ...19. A. croati

36. Leaf blades broadest near basal 1/3, tips short acute
to short acuminate; heads ca. 6 mm long.

37. Stems and leaves antrorsely or appressed puberu-
lous; throats of corollas ca. 1.5 mm long, longer
than wide; leaf margins coarsely crenate-
SOLTAL EC. fio: uci'encigisky 5 = pieeieene 23. A. herrerae

37. Stems and leaves hispid with erect pubescence;
throats of corollas ca. 1 mm long, almost as wide
as long; leaf margins minutely serrulate or
crenulate.. .....-.. 258. eee 45. A. standley2

33. Achenes with long setulae on ribs or upper surfaces,
setulae many times as long as wide, distinctly longer
than distances between them; species from all parts
of Mesoamerica.

38. Tips of involucral bracts obtuse to shortly acute,
often broadly scarious and erose.
39. Stems hirsute or hispid with erect hairs.
40. Base of leaf blade rounded to slightly cordate,
blade herbaceous in
texture. .38. A. ptchinchensis var. bustamenta
40. Base of leaf blade acute with short acumina-
tion, blade membranaceous in
bextures,s kisi +<sie9 ogden 53. A. valerior
39. Stems puberulous with short curved or appressed
hairs.
41. Stems reddish or reddish tinged.
42. Leaf margins with 5-10 blunt serrations, blades
usually 2-5 cm long. ...... 44. A. schaffnert

Robinson:

Notes on Ageratina in Mesoamerica 83

42. Leaf margins with 10-20 sharp, single or
double serrations, blades usually 4-9 cm
longest oP wate... eke te 36. A. pazcuarensis

41. Stems brownish, not reddish.

43. Leaf blades oblong ovate to nearly elliptical,
basal margins subparallel to basal secondary
veins; heads ca. 4 mm long. 25. A. huehueteca

43. Leaf blades ovate to broadly ovate, basal
margins strongly divergent from secondary
veins in trinervation; heads 5-7 mm long.

44, Base of trinervation at margin of large
distinct basal acumination of leaf blade,
blade broadest in basal 1/5-1/4; achenes
with setulae only slightly denser on
PISS MP, Gee oc saaeee 6. A. atrocordata

44. Base of trinervation arising from 1-7 mm
above base of leaf blade, blade widest
near basal 1/4-1/3; achenes with setulae
mostly on ribs, often sparse or lacking
between.

45. Stems without black lenticular spots;
base of leaf blade subacute to acute:
setulae not densely pectinate on ribs of
achene; leaf margins with 10-20 broad
HOG Bs Acioky. cess eek 2. A. alerandern

45. Stems usually with obvious black lentic-
ular spots; base of leaf blade often sub-
truncate to cordate; setulae densely pec
nate on ribs of achene; margins of most
leaves with 20-30 close
teeth, <4. /. eee. eee 42. A. rivalis

38. Tips of involucral bracts mostly narrowly acute to

attenuate.

46. Achenes with setulae mostly or entirely restricted

to ribs, sometimes dense.

47. Secondary veins in trinervation of leaves diver-
gent from basal margin, at ca. 20° angle from
midvein: stems coarsely curved
prlosulouuses. Ane ee 15. A. cartagoenesis

47. Secondary veins in trinervation of leaves nearly
parallel to basal margin, at ca. 30-35° angle from
midvein; stems with spreading hairs.

84 PHY TOPOCTiA volume 69(2):61-86 August 1990

48. Stems and leaves with reddish hairs; intern-
odes 1-3 cm long; corolla lobes with hairs di-
morphic, some hairs ending in a series of short
broad
CONG a. a, «an aiayate osteo eee 20. A. diversipila

48. Stems and leaves with whitish or sordid hairs,
not reddish; internodes mostly 6-9 cm long;
corolla lobes with all hairs slender
TIPPED 2 ooe.v sisomiacies te 7. A. austin-smithi

46. Achenes with setulae rather evenly distributed on
ribs and upper surfaces.
49. Stems densely hirtellous or hirsutulous with erect
hairs.

50. Leaf blades mostly 4-5 cm long, trinervate
from 1-3 mm above base, margins with short
sharp teeth; hairs of stem pale. 24. A. hirtella

50. Leaf blades mostly 8-10 cm long, trinervate
from 7-15 mm above base, margins with nu-
merous blunt serrations; hairs of stems
reddish? ..222..s) 4.02 sae 8. A. badia

49. Stems puberulous with curved or appressed hairs.

51. Leaf blades over 3/4 as wide as long, sec-
ondary veins at base of trinervation diverging
from midvein at 30-35° angle at base; heads 4-5
mm long.

52. Corolla tube 1.5-2.0 mm long, distinctly longer
than the limb; trinervation of leaf basal, at
margin in basal acumination. 32. A. molinae

52. Corolla tube 1.0-1.5 mm long, about as long
as limb; trinervation arising slightly above
base of blade, intramarginal in basal acumi-
MAtION: wcielnae vos « ape 22. A. helenae

51. Leaf blades 1/2-3/4 as wide as long, secondary
veins of trinervation diverging from midvein at
15-25° angle; heads 5-9 mm long.

53. Petioles 3-7 cm long; leaf blades distinctly
and narrowly acuminate at base; peduncles
2-5 mmvlongalts «1: ccm eee 14. A. carmonis

53. Petioles 1.5-3.0 cm long; leaf blades acute
to subtruncate at base; peduncles 3-12 mm
long.

Robinson: Notes on Ageratina in Mesoamerica 85

54. Base of leaf blade subacute to acute, broad-
est near 1/3-2/5; involucral bracts with
pale or sordid hairs or nearly
glabrous: }2)../5 9%. 2 «% 13. A. capillipes

54. Base of leaf blade subtruncate, broad-
est near basal 1/4; involucral bracts with
reddish hairs.

55. Heads 8-9 mm long; leaf margins with
10-15 small serrations; stems mostly 3-
4mm thick. ....21. A. guatemalensis

on
on

. Heads ca. 6 mm long; leaf margins with
5-10 sometimes coarse serrations; stems
slender, mostly ca. 2 mm
thick: saccnpue ears 18. A. costaricensis

The previously described and combined Mesoamerican species of Ageratina
with their authorities are as follows:

Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) King & H. Robins. (including Eupatorrum
glandulosum H.B.K.), A. alleni (Standl.) King & H. Robins. (including A.
white: King & H. Robins.), A. anchistea (Grashoff & Beaman) King & H.
Robins., A. anzsochroma (Klatt) King & H. Robins. (including Eupatorium
durandi Klatt, E. adspersum Klatt, and E. polyanthum Klatt), A. atrocor-
data (B.L. Robins.) King & H. Robins. (including A. fosbergu King & H.
Robins.), A. austiun-smithw King & H. Robins., A. badza (Klatt) King & H.
Robins., A. barbensis King & H. Robins., A. belludifolia (Benth.) King & H.
Robins., A. burgera King & H. Robins., A. caecilae (B.L. Robins.) King & H.
Robins. (including Eupatorium vetularum Standl. & Steyerm.), A. carmonis
(Standl. & Steyerm.) King & H. Robins., A. cartagoensis King & H. Robins.,
A. chiriquensis (B.L. Robins.) King & H. Robins., A. contigua King & H.
Robins., A. costaricensis King & H. Robins., A. croatw King & H. Robins.
(including A. almedae King & H. Robins.), A. diverszpila King & H. Robins.,
A. helenae King & H. Robins., A. intibucensts King & H. Robins., A. zz20-
cladon (Benth. in Orsted) King & H. Robins., A. kupperi (Suesseng.) King &
H. Robins., A. hgustrina (DC.) King & H. Robins., A. mazretzana (DC.) King
& H. Robins., A. malacolepis (B.L. Robins.) King & H. Robins., A. molinae
King & H. Robins., A. muelleri (Schultz-Bip. er Klatt) King & H. Robins.,
A. ovilla (Standl. & Steyerm.) King & H. Robins., A. pazcuarensis (H.B.K.)
King & H. Robins., A. petrolaris (DC.) King & H. Robins., A. pichinchensis
(H.B.K.) King & H. Robins. var. bustamenta (DC.) King & H. Robins. (includ-
ing Eupatortum aschenbornianum Schauer, E. vulcanacum Benth. in Orsted.
and E. donnell-smithit Coult.), A. pringle: (B.L. Robins. & Greenm.) King
& H. Robins., A. prunellaefolia (H.B.K.) King & H. Robins., A. retscultfera

86 PHY TOVOCGTA volume 69(2):61-86 August 1990

(Standl. & L.O. Williams) King & H. Robins., A. revals (Greenm.) King
& H. Robins. (including Eupatorzum skutchu B.L. Robins.), A. salvadorensis
King & H. Robins., A. schaffneri (Schultz-Bip. er B.L. Robins.) King & H.
Robins., A. standleyi King & H. Robins., A. subcordata (Benth. in Orsted)
King & H. Robins., A. subglabra King & H. Robins., A. subznclusa (Klatt)
King & H. Robins. (including Eupatorrum subpenninervium Schultz-Bip. ez
Klatt, E. melanolepis Schultz-Bip. ez Klatt, and E. monticola L.O. Williams),
A. tomentella (Schrad.) King & H. Robins., A. tonduza (Klatt) King & H.
Robins., A. vernalis (Vatke & Kurtz) King & H. Robins. (including Eupato-
rium chiapense B.L. Robins.), A. zunilana (Standl. & Steyerm.) King & H.
Robins.

LITERATURE CITED

King, R.M. & H. Robinson. 1972. Studies in the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae).
LXXXV. Additions to the genus Ageratina with a key to the Costa Rican
species. Phytologia 24:79-104.

. 1987. The genera of the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae). Monographs in
Systematic Botany, Missouri Bot. Gard. 22:i-x, 1-581.

Phytologia (August 1990) 69(2):87-92.

NOTES ON CRITONIA IN MESOAMERICA (EUPATORIEAE: ASTERACEAE)
Harold Robinson

Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History,
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560 U.S.A.

ABSTRACT

A key is presented for the fifteen species of Critonia in Mesoamerica,
C. wilburii sp. nov. is described as new from Panama, and a new
combination is provided for C. yashanalensis comb. nov.

KEY WORDS: Asteraceae, Eupatorieae, Critonia, Mesoamerica,
key.

A study of the genus Critonia for the Central American area has been
completed for eventual inclusion in a treatment of the Eupatorieae in the
Flora Mesoamerica to be published in Spanish. The present paper is provided
to describe a new Panamanian species of the genus that has been discovered
and to offer an English version of the key to the species of the area. One new
combination is also provided for a species described by Whittemore (1988).

Among the specimens seen from Panama that would key in the Flora of
Panamd treatment (King & Robinson 1975) to Critonia billbergiana (Beurl.)
King & H. Robins., are actually three distinct species. Critonza billbergiana
itself seems to occur only along the Atlantic coast in that country, although the
same species also occurs in Guatemala, Chiapas, Honduras, and Belize, where
it has been called C. magistri (L.O. Williams) King & H. Robins. In western
Panama, at higher elevations near Volcan Chiriqui, there are specimens of the
mostly Costa Rican C. laurifolia (B.L. Robins.) King & H. Robins. The third
species, from inland in central Panama, is described herein as follows:

Critonia wilburii R.M. King & H. Robinson, sp. nov. (Figure 1). TYPE:
PANAMA. Prov. Panama: slopes of Cerro Jefe between Cerro Azul
and La Eneida, about 15 miles northeast of Panama City. Sprawling
woody vine. 30 Dec 1971, R.L. Wilbur, F. Almeda & J. Luteyn 15546
(HOLOTYPE: US). PARATYPES: PANAMA. Prov. Coclé, road to
Coclesito. Logging camp 12 mi from Llano Grande. Alt. 200 m. 8° N,
80° W. Vine; flowers white. 9 Dec 1983, H.W. Churchill, A. Lier, W.S.
Hambruster, & A. Herzig 4007 (MO, US).

87

88 PHYTOLOGTA volume 69(2):87-92 August 1990

PLANTS OF CENTRAL AMERICA

JN iE

Cntonig wilburit R. M. King & H. Robinson, holotype, United States National Herbarium
(US). Photo by Victor E. Krantz, Staff Photographer, National Museum of Natural History.

Figure 1. Critonia wilburii R.M. King & H. Robinson, holotype, United States
National Herbarium (US). Photos by Victor E. Krantz, Staff Photographer,
National Museum of Natural History.

Robinson: Notes on Critonia in Mesoamerica 89

Plantae scandentes lignosae sparse ramosae; caules teretes sparse
puberuli vel glabri non fistulosi. Folia opposita, petiolis 1-2 cm
longis; laminae ovatae plerumque 5-7 cm longae 1.8-3.5 cm latae
base obtusae margine serrulatae apice breviter acuminatae supra
et subtus puberulae vel subglabrae trinervatae, nervis secundariis
ad marginem basilarem parallelibus, maculis pellucidis obscuris.
Inflorescentiae anguste pyramidaliter paniculatae, internodis pri-
marius elongatis, ramis dense puberulis vel pilosulis. Capitula ses-
silia vel subsessilia 2-3 in fasciculis 9-10 mm alta; involucra brevia;
bracteae involucri ca. 30 subimbricatae 1-5 mm longae late ovatae
vel oblongae apice rotundatae vel obtusae extus glabrae. Flores
8-10 in capitulo; corollae anguste infundibulares ca. 6.5 mm longae
glabrae, lobis ca. 1 mm longis anguste triangularibus; appendices
stylorum distaliter leniter latiores. Achaenia ca. 3.5 mm longa base
leniter angustiora glabra vel superne breviter persparse setulifera;
setae pappi 35-45 ca. 7 mm longae apice distincte lateriores.

The new species has the same habit as Critonia billbergiana, and also has
the heads with 10 flowers and the leaves without obvious internal pellucid
pockets. The species differs by its solid stems, the pubescent branches of its
inflorescence, and the shorter involucre that scarcely reaches half the length
of the head. The head form was that represented in the illustration of C.
billbergiana in the Flora of Panama (King & Robinson i975).

Critonia yashanalensis (Whittemore) R.M. King & H. Robinson, comb.
nov. BASIONYM: Eupatorium yashanalense Whittemore, Sida 13:77.
1988.

This species from Chiapas, México seems close to Critonia conzattii (B.L.
Robins.) King & H. Robins. from farther west, in Oaxaca, but the stems are
less angled, as noted by Whittemore (1988), and the trinervation of the leaves
reaches the distal fourth of the blade with only slight interruption.

Key to the species of Critonia in Mesoamerica

1. Stems densely villous; heads 5 mm wide or wider, with ca. 20
a pi, NS ORRIN ORES RES RAMA RAY heey Pa RD C. lanicaulis

1. Stems flocculose pubescent or pilose to glabrous; heads 2-4 mm wide, with
4-12 flowers.

90 PHY TO:E-0-G: LA volume 69(2):87-92 August 1990

2. Slender woody vines; leaf blades broadly ovate to broadly elliptical, 5-12
cm long.

3. Heads with 8-11 flowers; leaf areoles usually without evident pellucid
dots when seen against light.

4. Stems narrowly fistulose; branches of inflorescence subglabrous; in-

volucre more than two thirds as long as the head. ....C. ballbergiana

4. Stems with solid pith; branches of inflorescence puberulous or pilosu-

lous; involucre about half as long as the head. ........... C. wilburw

3. Heads with 4-6 flowers; leaf areoles usually with small pellucid dots when
seen against light.

5. Inflorescence branches corymbose with heads all pedicellate; smaller

stems with solid pith; stems whitish. ............... C. campechensis

5. Inflorescence branches bearing many sessile heads in fascicles; all stems
usually narrowly fistulose; stems light brown.

6. Primary leaves with shortly acute to obtuse and apiculate leaf tips;
achenes with sparse long antrorse setulae above; at elevations below
ROOD crit wae sheers eae etek chs. «icine Merrie es nip eral ee eer C. bartletti

6. Primary leaves with narrowly acuminate tips; achenes with numer-
ous short spreading setulae above; at elevations above 1000

Dp gc. wid eats HAR relays tak See C. laurtfolia

2. Erect or reclining coarse herbs, shrubs, or small trees; leaf blades large and
ovate or lanceolate, mostly 10 to 25 cm long.

7. Stems greenish to yellowish, usually fistulose, often coarsely tetragonal
or hexagonal.

8. Heads with ca. 5 flowers; pappus bristles not enlarged at tips; stems
and: leaves glabrous: “iv s/cGp4at W590. eee eee C. sexangularis

8. Heads with ca. 10 flowers; pappus bristles with slightly but distinctly

enlarged tips; stems and leaves with some flocculose or arachnoid
pubescence.

9. Petioles mostly or completely unwinged; stems terete to slightly
hexagonal, not speckled with linear spots, with evanescent floccose
pubescence. neiniis. 15 ese) Re a C. morifolia

9. Petioles winged completely to base; stems weakly to strongly quad-
rangular, speckled with numerous linear spots, glabrous or with thin
arachnoid pubescence:« << :.05-.% 2000/ee ne eee C. quadrangularis

7. Stems brownish, with solid pith, usually terete or subhexagonal.

10. Leaf blades with 1-4 strong secondary veins ascending at less than 45°
angles from the midrib; areoles with mostly rounded pellucid spots;
heads with short pedicels.

Robinson: Notes on Critonia in Mesoamerica 91

11. Leaf blades trinervate from the base, veins reaching distal fourth
of blade, without tufts of tomentum in axils; panicle broadly and
FAXIVACOGVANIDOSE! flasacs tease cers eee a ma C. yashanalensis

11. Leaf blades trinervate or with ascending secondary veins from well
above the base, with tufts of tomentum in axils; panicle densely
pyramidal or cylindrical.

12. Margin of leaf blades with projecting angle near basal third; in-
florescence a small, cylindrical thyrsoid panicle; heads 13-15 mm
high; achenes densely long setuliferous on sides and ribs; pappus
Peat emcee OU) TAOS. visa jac Skt a vighe (ocala eens ah uals cob ee ae C. altisa

12. Margin of leaf blades elliptical without angle; inflorescence a
broad pyramidal panicle; heads ca. 8 mm high; achenes with short
setulae on sides, glabrous on the pale ribs; pappus with ca. 25
TSG esagen: os, «\tnertas ath. «Yim xateermagins At See, Ae C. hebebotrya

10. Leaf blades regularly pinnately veined with 5-9 secondary veins spread-
ing from the midrib at more than 45°; areoles with distinct pellucid
lines and dots; heads mostly sessile in fascicles.

13. Heads with ca. 10 flowers; pappus ca. 6 mm long, with 30-36
Bri Siesta ee tet a th ot ties neers dre RS C. nicaraguensis

13. Heads with ca. 5 flowers; pappus 3-4 mm long, with 25-30 bristles.
14. Branches of inflorescence with dense spreading puberulence; style

branches only slightly broadened distally. ........... C. daleordes

14. Branches of inflorescence subglabrous or sparsely appressed pu-
berulous; style branches distinctly thickened distally.

15. Stems terete or subhexagonal; leaf tips narrowly acuminate; corol-
las funnelform, with short lobes ca. 0.5 mm long and 0.5 mm wide;
achenes scabrid mostly on ribs; pappus bristles narrowed below
the broadened fips. 5.22. .acscss 42+ ee terete nee C. breedlover

15. Stems hexagonal with 6 ribs; leaf tips slightly short acuminate;
corollas tubular with lobes nearly twice as long as wide; achenes
with long setulae on sides and ribs; pappus broad from the
ISRO dA yeyceysbis iaaseictaysi tia 3 visheieieyeac asa Serr TO C. tuztlae

The authorities for the 13 species not described or combined in this pa-
per are as follows: Critonia bartlettii (B.L. Robins.) King & H. Robins., C.
billbergtana (Beurl.) King & H. Robins., C. breedlovei King & H. Robins., C.
campechensis (B.L. Robins.) King & H. Robins., C. daleoides DC., C. hebe-
botrya DC., C. iltisti King & H. Robins., C. lanicaulis (B.L. Robins.) King &
H. Robins. (incl. C. belizeana B.L. Turner), C. laurifolia (B.L. Robins.) King
& H. Robins., C. morifolia (Miller) King & H. Robins., C. nicaraguensis (B.L.

92 PHY TOLGGIA volume 69(2):87-92 August 1990

Robins.) King & H. Robins., C. guadrangularts (DC.) King & H. Robins., C.
sezangularis (Klatt) King & H. Robins. (incl. Eupatortzum sotorum C. Nelson),
and C. tuztlae King & H. Robins.

LITERATURE CITED

King, R.M. & H. Robinson. 1975 (1976). Eupatorieae. Pp. 888-1004. In R.E.
Woodson, Jr., R.W. Schery, & collaborators, Flora of Panama, part IX,
family 184. Compositae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 62:835-1322.

Whittemore, A.T. 1988. New taxa of Eupatorium sect. Dalea (Compositae:
Eupatorieae). Sida 13:77-81.

Phytologia (August 1990) 69(2):93-104.

NOTES ON AGERATUM IN MESOAMERICA (EUPATORIEAE: ASTERACEAE)
Harold Robinson

Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History,
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560 U.S.A.

ABSTRACT

A key is provided for the 25 species of Ageratum credited to Mesoamer-
ica. Four new species are described, Ageratum hondurense sp. nov.,
A. molinae sp. nov., A. munaense sp. nov., and A. tehuacanum
Sp. nov.

KEY WORDS: Asteraceae, Eupatorieae, Ageratum, Mesoamerica,
key.

Four new species are described that are needed for a treatment of the genus
Ageratum in the Flora Mesoamerica. A preliminary English version of a key
to the Mesoamerican species of Ageratum is also provided. The final version
of the flora with its key will be published in Spanish.

Ageratum hondurense R.M. King & H. Robinson, sp. nov. (Figure 1).
TYPE: HONDURAS. Morazan: Cerro de Hule, 20 km south of Tegu-
cigalpa, open pine forest, El Chorrito, alt. 1500 m. Heads violet, herb
0.5-1 m. Oct. 27, 1966, A. Molina R. 18466 (HOLOTYPE: US; Iso-
type: F). PARATYPES: HONDURAS. Morazan: El Chorrito, Cerro de
Hule, 20 km south of Tegucigalpa, common in open pine forest and wet
meadow, alt. 1500 m. Fils. lilac-violet, plant 0.5-1 m. Oct. 27, 1966,
A. Molina R. 18462 (F, US); Choluteca: Between El Chinchayote and
Comal, thickets along Panamerican highway, common on moist bank,
alt. 1100 m. Heads bluish or lavender, herb 1-1.5 m. Nov. 9, 1969, A.
Molina R. & A.R. Molina 24582 (F, US).

Plantae suffruticosae erectae 0.5-1.0 m altae, multo ramosae.
Caules virides vel rubescentes sparse vel dense puberuli. Folia
opposita, petiolis 4-20 mm longis; laminae ovatae plerumque 3-6
cm longae 1.8-3.5 cm latae base obtusae vel subtruncatae margine

93

94 POR YE OL OiGakhA volume 69(2):93-104 August 1990

a4

HO
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4

UNITED STATES |
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2972315 « ath of Tegutiyudpiang

DEPARTAMENTO ots &

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NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Ageratum hondurense R. M. King & H. Robinson, holotype, United siates Herbarium
(US). Photos by Victor E. Krantz, Staff Photographer, National Museum of Natural History.

Figure 1. Ageratum hondurense R.M. King & H. Robinson, holotype, United
States National Herbarium (US). Photos by Victor E. Krantz, Staff Photog-
rapher, National Museum of Natural History.

Robinson: Notes on Ageratum in Mesoamerica 95

crenulatae apice breviter acutae supra obscure virides breviter pi-
losulae sparse vel non glandulo-punctatae subtus leniter pallid-
iores dense glandulo-punctatae tenuiter minute puberulae 5 mm
supra basem trinervatae; folia superiora mediocriter decreascentia
et remotiora. Inflorescentiae in fasciculis ultimis aliquanium dense
corymbosae, ramis basilaribus lateralibus oppositis quam axis api-
calibus plerumque distincte brevioribus. Capitula 5-6 mm alta
inferne abrupte rotundata; bracteae involucri ca. 25 eximbricatae
lineares ca. 4 mm longae et 0.5-0.7 mm latae margine non dis-
tincte scariosae apice in bracteis interioribus angustae et curvatae
omnino extus leniter puberulae sparse glandulo-punctatae; recep-
tacula epaleacea. Corollae ca. 2.5 mm longae extus parvae pilosulae
et plerumque inferne sparse glandulo-punctatae, tubis mediocriter
latis ca. 1 mm longis. Achaenia ca. 1.8 mm longa glabra; pappus
coroniformis denticulatus ad 0.2 mm altus.

The type specimen was originally distributed by the Field Museum un-
der the name Ageratum corymbosum Zuccag., a Mexican species with coarsely
pubescent leaves and larger heads. Relationship is closer to A. rugosum Coul-
ter, which has denser erect pubescence on the leaf undersurfaces and has basal
lateral branches of the inflorescence usually as long as the central part.

Ageratum molinae R.M. King & H. Robinson, s~. rov. (Figure 2). HOLO-
TYPE: HONDURAS. Morazan: Km. 54 de Zambrano, frecuente en el
bosque abierto. alt. 1500 m. Fils. lilas, planta hasta 0.5 m. Junio 28,
1964, A. Molina R. 14412 (US).

Plantae herbaceae perennes erectae ad 0.5 m altae, inferne
leniter ramosae; caules brunnescentes hispiduli. Folia opposita,
petiolis 2-4 mm longis; laminae oblongo-ovatae 2.5-3.5 cm longae
et 1.0-1.5 cm latae base breviter acutae margine crenulatae apice
breviter acutae supra leniter rugulosae lucidae pilosulae, pilis in
basis persistentibus, cellulis in diametro ad 0.1 mm, subtus leniter
pallidiores glandulo-punctatae in areolis membranaceae in nervis
hispidulae fere ad basem trinervatae. Folia superiora mediocriter
decreascentia. Inflorescentiae aliquantum dense corymbosae, ramis
oppositis basilaribus quam axis terminalibus, brevioribus ramulis
ca. 1 mm longis. Capitula 4-5 mm alta inferne abrupte rotun-
data; bracteae involucri ca. 22 lineares 2.5-3.0 mm longae, ca. 0.5
mm latae, margine anguste scariosae apice anguste acutae leniter
curvatae extus breviter pilosulae sparse glandulo-punctatae; recep-
tacula epaleacea. Flores 25-30 in capitulo; corollae lilacinae 2 mm

96 PHYTOLOGIA volume 69(2):93-104 August 1990

Aare me line RM Kira o} Rob wiser

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Agerauum molinae R.M. King & H. Robinson, holotype, United States National Herbarium
(US).

Figure 2. Ageratum molinae R.M. King & H. Robinson, holotype, United
States National Herbarium (US).

Robinson: Notes on Ageratum in Mesoamerica 97

longae extus plerumque in tubis glandulo-punctatae, tubis medi-
ocriter latis ca. 1 mm longis. Achaenia ca. 1.5 mm longa glabra;
pappus coroniformis ad 0.3 mm altus.

The type specimen was originally distributed by the Field Museum under
the name Ageratum corymbosum, and has been annotated more recently as A.
standley: B.L. Robins. Both of the latter species have more pubescent leaves,
and A. corymbosum is a more robust species, restricted to México, beyond
the Mesoamerican range. The new species is actually closer to A. hondurense
in most characters, but is different by the erect hairs on the lower internodes
of the stem and the veins of the lower leaf surface, by the blunt tips of the
involucral bracts, and by unusually large cells of the upper leaf surface.

Ageratum munaense R.M. King & H. Robinson, sp. nov. (Figure 3).
HOLOTYPE: MEXICO. Yucatan: Hills south of Muna, along roadside.
Herb; heads blue. May-Aug. 1938, C.L. Lundell & A.A. Lundell 8172
(US).

Plantae herbaceae subperennes erectae base decumbentes 0.3-
0.4 m altae in et supra basem mediocriter ramosae; radices fibrosae
vel adventitiae; caules rubescentes sparse minute puberuli. Folia
opposita, petiolis 3-5 mm longis; laminae leniter carnosae ovatae,
1.5-2.5 cm longae, 0.5-1.0 cm latae, base obtusae margine crenu-
latae apice acutae supra et subtus in nervis minute puberulae sub-
tus pallidiores et minute glandulo-punctatae base trinervatae. Fo-
lia superiora mediocriter decreascentia et leniter remotiora. In-
florescentiae laxe diffusae, ramis rigide divergentibus, pedicellis
plerumque 5-20 mm longae, bracteolis subulatis ca. 1 mm longis.
Capitula 4 mm alta inferne abrupte rotundatae; bracteae involu-
cri ca. 18 oblongo-ovatae, 2.7-3.0 mm longae, ca. 0.8 mm latae,
margine late scariosae apice rigide acutae erectae extus glabrae;
receptacula epaleacea. Flores ca. 25 in capitulo; corollae ca. 1.8
mm longae in basis et lobis minute puberulae, tubis ca. 0.4 mm

longis. Achaenia ca. 1.5 mm longa glabra vel subglabra; pappus
nullus.

The type specimen has been previously identified as Ageratum gaumer B.L.
Robins. and as the variety fallar B.L. Robins. cf that species. Both species
are in the same group with short basal tubes on the corollas. However, the
new species is closest to A. lundellii King & H. Robins., which has the same
form of long, stiff, diverging pedicels. The reddish stems and the smaller, more
carnose leaf blades in the new species might be differences from A. lundelliz,
expected of a plant growing in a more exposed habitat. The decumbent bases

98 PHY TOP@CtaA volume 69(2):93-104 August 1990

SERKARELSL OF THA ORIG NEATS ON SMORAEEN

Ageratem gaumer! &, b, Robinson

David Keth lane

PLANTS OF MEXICU

cige Beavee PPARs SSP ee pide.

ee oer
eG Fane
~ Bek Meacte Chea

OEE beeee a es Bruarrt ey
ie a ern a Me
UNITED 67ATES NATOONA: MUSEUM aah — FIZ Rit to!

Ageratum munaensis R. M. King & H. Robinson, holotype, United States National
Herbarium (US).

Figure 3. Ageratum munaense R.M. King & H. Robinson, holotype, United
States National Herbarium (US).

Robinson: Notes on Ageratum in Mesoamerica 99

of the stems and the basal trinervation of the leaf blades in the new species
furnish additional distinctions.

Ageratum tehuacanum R.M. King & H. Robinson, sp. nov. TYPE: MEXI-
CO. Puebla: 9 km NW of San Lorenzo on the Tehuacan-Tecamachalco
highway (No. 150). Limestone rock outcrop with low shrubs and Yucca
prominent: elev. 1600 m. Florets blue. 6 Aug 1975, G. & J. Davidse 9308
(HOLOTYPE: US; Isotype: MO). PARATYPES: MEXICO. Oaxaca:
Valley of Oaxaca, alt. 5100-5800 ft. Sept. 8, 1894, E.W. Nelson 1213
(US); Puebla: Limestone hills near Tehuacan, 5200 ft. 30 July, Pringle
9522 (US); near Tehuacan, Aug. 1 & 2, 1901, J.N. Rose & R. Hay 5877
(US); Barren hills about Esperanza, alt. 2660 m, Aug. 17, 1905, H. Pittier
484 (US); Near Tehuacan, Aug. 30 to Sept. 8, 1905, J.N. Rose, J.H.
Painter, J.S. Rose 10161 (US); Sierra de la Yerba, vicinity of San Luis
Tultitlanapa, Aug 1907, C.A. Purpus 2547(US); Mountains along route
125, ca. 7 miles north of Puebla-Oaxaca border. Occasional, up to 1/2
meter tall; open sun, dry sandy soil; flowers blue. 28 July 1960, A.M.
King 8548 (US); Veracruz: Lepinziana, Orizaba, dry sunny limestone
hills, Sept. 1857, Botteri & Mohr 911(US); Mt. Orizaba, Maltrata, 5500
ft. Aug. 15, 1891, H.E. Seaton 346 (US).

Plantae erectae perennes plerumque 0.4-0.5 m altae mediocriter
ramosae in radice palari; caules brunnei vel rubescentes dense albo-
puberuli vel pilosuli. Folia opposita, petiolis plerumque 0.8-2.0
cm longis; laminae ovatae plerumque 2.5-5.0 cm longae et 1.5-
3.5 cm latae, base obtusae, margine crenatae apice breviter acu-
tae supra virides dense puberulae subtus dense albo-tomentosae
et sub tomentis glandulo-punctatae 1-2 mm supra basem triner-
vatae. Inflorescentiae scaposae plerumque sine ramis infernis sub-
oppositis vel alternis, glomerulis ultimis dense corymbosis pauci-
capitatis. Capitula campanulata 6-7 mm alta inferne abrupte ro-
tundata; bracteae involucri ca. 25, anguste oblongo-lanceolatae,
ca. 5 mm longae et 0.7-1.0 mm latae, margine anguste scariosae,
apice breviter rigide acutae extus dense albo-pilosulae; receptac-
ula interdum in parte paleaceae. Flores ca. 50 in capitulo; corol-
lae azureae 3.0-3.5 mm longae, extus plerumque dense glandulo-
punctatae, tubis ca. 1 mm longis, lobis extus pauce vel multo pi-
losulis. Achaenia 2.0-2.5 mm longa glabra; pappus coroniformis
denticulatus ad 0.4 mm altus.

The new species is what has been identified as Ageratum tomentosum
(Benth. in Orst.) Hemsl. by most taxonomists (Robinson 1913; Johnson 1971),
but the type of the latter, kindly loaned by Kew, matches a different species
known from eastern Chiapas and central Guatemala. The true A. tomentosum

100 PHY POLO GIA volume 69(2):93-104 August 1990

has shorter petioles, smaller and less densely clustered heads, narrower involu-
cral bracts with curved narrow tips, and has no evident pappus. The type of
A. tomentosum is cited from Candelaria, supposedly in Costa Rica, but that
locality has been questioned by Johnson (1971) since no recent material of the
genus with tomentose lower leaf surfaces is known from south of Honduras.
Neither A. tomentosum, as presently delimited, nor A. tehuacanum is known
closer to Costa Rica than Guatemala.

The short-acute involucral bracts and the slender, whitish tipped paleae of
Ageratum tehuacanum are like those of other paleaceous species of Ageratum in
Mexico, but none of the latter have dense tomentum on the leaf undersurface.
Johnson (1971) emphasized the taprooted nature of the species, a character
that seems potentially very useful in the genus, but there are too many species
in which the root character has not been recorded. Johnson established A.
tomentosum var. bracteosum on the basis of some paleaceous specimens of the
present species, but the presence of paleae seems limited and erratic in the
species.

Key to the species of Ageratum in Mesoamerica

1. Receptacles with stiff paleae throughout cluster of florets.
2. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, with base of blade abruptly narrowed into
distinct petiole; with spreading trinervation. ......... 5. A. elassocarpum

2. Leaves elliptical to linear, with base of blade gradually narrowed into in-
distinct petiole; with trinervate veins becoming longitudinal above.

3. Lower internodes and leaf bases strongly hirsute with coarse, large celled

an ooo ne appara w spd ee,sib ainie eel aieeeee ee ie 4. A. echroides
3. Internodes and leaf bases pilosulous to puberulous with slender hairs or
subglabrous.) 2s laleacis oxeici FOS 3 ea 20. A. platylepzis

1. Receptacles epaleaceous or with bracts inside only outermost florets.

4. Basal tube of corolla short, 0.5 mm long or less; inflorescence diffuse,
sparsely branched.

5. Pappus often present; lower internodes hirsute with coarse, large celled
hairs; branches of inflorescence with few laxly ascending branches, with
numerous linear bracts.

6. Involucre ca. 3 mm high; leaf blades somewhat carnose; pappus when
present, of numerous short scales. ................ 13. A. marttumum
6. Involucre ca. 2 mm high; leaf blades strictly herbaceous; pappus when
present, usually of 5 subulate scales. ................. 7. A. gaumert

Robinson: Notes on Ageratum in Mesoamerica 101

5. Pappus absent; lower internodes puberulous to pilosulous with fine hairs;
branches of inflorescence stiffly diverging, with shortly ovate to lanceolate
bracts.

7. Stems reddish; leaf blades ca. 2-3 cm long, trinervate from
aser aS oNhnas Ambien . tor, bein: sere ee ee 16. A. munaense

7. Stems brownish; leaf blades mostly 6-8 cm long, trinervate from dis-
timetlytabeovelbase. 5 i. .Jcic2. S10ee. Hae eae o eeeee e 12. A. lundelli

4. Basal tube of corolla 0.8 mm long or longer; inflorescence with some con-
gested clusters of heads.

8. Lower stems densely hirsute with coarse, large celled hairs and puberu-
lous with few to many small hairs; outer surfaces of involucral bracts
glabrous or pilose, never glanduliferous, hispidulous or tomentose.

9. Pappus lacking or shortly coroniform; sides of achenes without setulae,
glabrous or slightly scabrid.

10. Involucral bracts glabrous, with entire, herbaceous margins; basal
tube of corolla with few or no minute glands. ...... 17. A. oerstedu

10. Involucral bracts usually pilose or pilosulous, with scarious, some-
times erose margins; basal tube of corolla with powdery cover of
many minute stipitate glands. ................ 14. A. mtcrocarpum

9. Pappus of 5 separate, usually long subulate scales; sides of achenes
setuliferous.

11. Corollas ca. 1.7 mm long; style branches filiform with blunt papillae
forming 1/4 of width, usually pale. ............... 3. A. conyzordes

11. Corollas ca. 2.3-3.0 mm long; style branches slightly broader dis-
tally, with small, pointed papillae, bluish. ....10. A. houstonianum

8. Stems not hirsute with coarse, large celled hairs, with only smaller hairs
of more uniform size; outer surfaces of involucra] bracts sometimes glan-
duliferous, hispidulous or tomentose.

12. Plants maritime or from lower elevations; glandular punctations lack-
ing; involucre often weakly rounded and not abrupt below, bracts
mostly subulate with stiff tips; pappus when present, of 5 long subu-
late, separate scales.

13. Leaf surfaces and pedicels with sparse pilosity; leaf blades broadly
elliptical. Gling. Lista, ab. .1I CRS, eRe 6. A. ellipticum

13. Leaf surface and pedicels subglabrous with few hairs or glabrous;
leaf blades narrowly elliptical or linear to ovate.

14. Leaf blades narrowly elliptical to linear, thickly carnose on veins;
involucre tapering or slightly rounded at base; achenes strongly
SEtuINIETOUS? caro. vneA nck corn nate ae arene eee 18. A. pecku

102 PHYTOLOGIA volume 69(2):93-104 August 1990

14. Leaf blades usually ovate to rhombic ovate, thinly carnese with
narrow, often sparsely puberulous veins; achenes with few or no
setulae, even in pappiferous forms. .............-. 11. A. lttorale

12. Plants not maritime, from elevations above 500 meters; obvious glan-
dular dots present on leaves; involucre strongly, abruptly rounded be-
low, bracts often linear, oblong, or broadly lanceolate with short or
flexuous tips; pappus formed of a continuous crown or short lobes.

15. Leaf blades lanceolate, more than three times as long as wide;
trinervation becoming longitudinal; glands of leaf undersurface usu-
ally deeply recessed in’ pits. "0. ..-3. 00: sews eater 1. A. chiriquense

15. Leaf blades ovate, less than three times as long as wide; trinervation

‘not becoming longitudinal above; leaf undersurface with emergent or
scarcely recessed glandular dots.

16. Involucres without glands, glabrous or pilosulous; leaf surfaces
sparsely pilose, never densely velutinous or tomentose; roots fi-
brous or adventitious on procumbent bases; species of Nicaragua.
Costa Rica, or Panama.

17. Involucral bracts lanceolate, 0.8-1.2 mm broad, with pubescence
mostly on distal margins or median outer surface; petioles 2-10
mm long; pappus never with bristles. ........ 21. A. ripartum

17. Involucral bracts linear, 0.8 mm wide or less, with numerous
hairs on outer surface; petioles up to 40 mm long; achenes with
pappus often bearing a long bristle. ........ 19. A. petrolatum

16. Involucre often with glands; leaf surface sometimes densely veluti-
nous or tomentose; roots often from tubers or taproots; species
of El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala, or México.

18. Undersurfaces of leaves with hairs densest on veins, not totally
obscuring green surface of areoles.

19. Branching of inflorescence alternate or unequal at base. lat-
eral branches mostly longer than central axis; petioles 1-4 mm
JONES junds)» sicstenkeouceie «rei aReR eee 8. A. guatemalense

19. Branching of inflorescence usually opposite and equal at
base; petioles up to 20 mm long.

20. Leaf undersurface pilosulous with mostly erect hairs; basal
lateral branches of inflorescence as long as central
BOIS IME. sis a'ens oti etch ee 22. A. rugosum
20. Leaf undersurface finely and sparsely appressed puberu-

lous; basal lateral branches of inflorescence shorter than
central axis.

Robinson: Notes on Ageratum in Mesoamerica 103

21. Lower internodes and veins of leaf undersurfaces
with erect hairs; involucral bracts with blunt
tips peat eh Mevepsenpee:. shed oor 15. A. molinae

21. Lower internodes and veins of leaf undersurfaces
with appressed hairs; involucral bracts

pomtedse soxdaragd. . ee: 9. A. hondurense

18. Undersurfaces of leaves with whitish tomentum lying over are-
oles and obscuring green leaf surface.
22. Petioles 5-20 mm long; involucres mostly 5 mm high, shortly
and stiffy acute; with taproot. ......... 24. A. tehuacanum
22. Petioles 2-5 mm long; involucres mostly 4 mm high, with
narrow, curved tips; base sometimes with tuber.

23. Leaf blades without glandular dots on upper surface; triner-
vation at 3-8 mm above base of leaf blade, with weaker sec-
ondary veins below
EEINET VATIONS 5 os to aut: -\slaais ae 2. A. chortianum

23. Leaf blades usually with glandular dots on upper surface;
trinervation at 0-2 mm above base of leaf blade, without
weaker secondary veins below trinervation.

24. Upper surface of leaves densely hirtellous, with
mostly erect hairs; stems grayish with spreading
a Bas I a a a EE 25. A. tomentosum

24. Upper leaf surface puberulous with reclining hairs
to nearly glabrous; stems puberulous with as-
Cending hairs, 0). ..4208. See. 23. A. standleyt

The names and authorities of Ageratum species previously known from
the Mesoamerican area are as follows: Ageratum chiriquense (B.L. Robins.)
King & H. Robins., A. chortianum Standl. & Steyerm., A. conyzoides L.,
A. echiozdes (Less.) Hemsl. (incl. Coelestna isocarphioides DC.), A. elasso-
carpum S.F. Blake (incl. A. nelsoni {B.L. Robins.| M.F. Johnson), A. ellip-
ticum B.L. Robins., A. gaumerz B.L. Robins., A. guatemalense M.F. Johnson,
A. houstonianum Miller (incl. A. mezicanum Sims and Alomza pinetorum L.O.
Williams), Ageratum I:ttorale A. Gray (incl. A. intermedium Hemsl.), A. lun-
dell: King & H. Robins., A. maritimum H.B.K., A. microcarpum (Benth. in
Orsted) Hemsl., A. oerstedii B.L. Robins. (incl. Coelestina latifolia Benth. in
Orsted., A. oliveri King & H. Robins.), A. peckii B.L. Robins. (incl. A. radicans
B.L. Robins.), A. pettolatum (Hook. & Arn.) Hemsl. (incl. Coelestina scabrius-

104 PE.Y P'OPrOCG@tTA volume 69(2):93-104 August 1990

cula Benth. in Orsted, Ageratum reedui King & H. Robins.), A. platylepis B.L.
Robins. (incl. Alomia guatemalensis B.L. Robins., Ageratum benjamin-lincolnu
King & H. Robins.), A. riparzum B.L. Robins. (incl. A. rivale B.L. Robins.,
non Sessé & Mocino, A. panamense B.L. Robins.), A. rugosum Coult. (incl.
A. elachycarpum B.L. Robins., Alomia wendlandu B.L. Robins., and Alomza
robinsoniana L.O. Williams), Ageratum standley: B.L. Robins. in Standley, .4.
tomentosum (Benth. in Orsted) Hemsl.

LITERATURE CITED

Johnson, M.F. 1971. A monograph of the genus Ageratum L. (Compositae-
Eupatorieae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 58:6-88.

Robinson, B.L. 1913. Revision of Alomiza, Ageratum and Ozylobus. Contr.
Gray Herb. 42:438-491.

Phytologia (August 1990) 69(2):105-107.

NEW COMBINATIONS IN THE ASTERACEAE (VERNONIEAE,
HELIANTHEAE, MUTISIEAE)

Harold Robinson

Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History,
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560 U.S.A.

ABSTRACT

New combinations are provided for six species of three tribes of the
Asteraceae, Critoniopsis calerana comb. nov., Critoniopsis sodiroi
comb. nov., Cyanthillium cordifolia comb. nov., Cyanthillium poly-
trichotoma comb. nov. of the Vernonieae, Oblivia simplex comb.
nov. of the Heliantheae, and Acourtia mexicana comb. nov. of the
Mutisieae.

KEY WORDS: Asteraceae, Vernonieae, Heliantheae, Mutisieae,

new combinations.

The following combinations are needed primarily for specimen identifica-
tions and some eventually are for use in future publications.

Critoniopsis sodiroi (Hieron.) H. Robinson, comb. nov. BASIONYM:
Piptocarpha sodiroi Hieron. ez Sodiro, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29:2. 1900.

Vernonia pichinchensis Cuatr., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 77:76. 1956. Crito-
niopsis pichinchensis (Cuatr.) H. Robins., Phytologia 46:440. 1980.

This species, which had been misplaced in the genus Piptocarpha, proves to
be an older name for Vernonia pichinchensis Cuatr. The species is distinctive
in Critoniopsts by its opposite or subopposite leaves.

Critoniopsis calerana (Cuatr.) H. Robinson, comb. nov. BASIONYM:
Vernonia calerana Cuatr., Not. Syst. Paris 15(2):238. 1956.

This species was overlooked at the time the genus was resurrected (Robin-
son 1980). Two additional combinations have been made for Venezuelan

species by Badillo (1983).

105

106 PAY TOLOGIA volume 69(2):105-107 August 1990

Cyanthillium cordifolium (Benth. ez Oliv.) H. Robinson, comb. nov. BA-
SIONYM: Gutenbergza cordifolia Benth. ez Oliv., Trans. Linn. Soc. Lon-
don 29:89, t. 55. 1873. Erlangea cordifoha (Benth. ez Oliv.) S$. Moore.
J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 35:313. 190T.

Cyanthillium polytrichotoma (Wechuysen) H. Robinson, comb. nov. BA-
SIONYM: Gutenbergia polytrichotoma Wechuysen, Bull. Jard. Bot. Etat.
51:107. 1981.

A recent effort to make needed combinations in Cyanthillium (Robinson
1990) was prepared before the author made a detailed study of some new east
African collections of the species usually called Erlangea cordifolia. The species
is part of the reason the present author has often regarded Erlangea as a close
relative of Cyanthillum. In the study of east African Vernonieae by Jeffrey
(1988), the species and its close relatives are treated under the genus in which
the species was first described, Gutenbergia Schultz-Bip. Review of the revised
generic concept of Jeffrey indicates that Gutenbergza is indistinguishable from
the older genus Cyanthillium. Only two of the combinations are needed at
this time, but any future monographer should consider synonymization of the
genus and make the appropriate transfers of species epithets.

Oblivia simplex (Badillo) H. Robinson, comb. nov. BASIONYM: Otopap-
pus simplex Badillo. Bol. Soc. Venez. Ci. Nat. 10:311. 1946. Zermenia
simplez (Badillo) Hartman & Stuessy, Syst. Bot. 8:209. 1983.

Strother (1989) has established the genus Oblivia to contain an element in
northern South America that was correctly recognized in the unpublished the-
sis of Rindos (1980) as a relative of Otopappus, but which lacks the definitive
character of the latter genus (Hartman & Stuessy 1983). Strother mentioned
the Badillo species but seemed uncertain of its status. The species has more
florets in the heads than the type of the genus, Oblivia mikaniozdes (Britton)
Strother, and the rays are apparently not fused to the achenes, but the re-
lationship is clearly with O. mikanioides. Otopappus simplez was originally
described from Venezuela, but a collection from Ecuador (Cerdn 6411 ‘MO,
US]) has been seen.

Acourtia mexicana (Lag. ez D. Don) H. Robinson, comb. nov. BASIONYM:
Proustia mezicana Lag. er D. Don., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 16:201.
1830.

Perezia thurber:1 A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts., ser. 2, 5:324. 1854.
Acourtia thurberi(A. Gray) Reveal & R.M. King, Phytologia 27:231.
1973.

Perdicium mezicanum Sessé & Mogino, Pl. Nov. Hisp. 139. 1890.

Robinson: New combinations in Asteraceae 107

A photograph of original material (México, Sessé & Mocino, G-DC photo
US]) and Don’s description (1830) indicate the involucral bracts are pointed
rather than blunt. Therefore, Proustza mezicana is an older name for Perezza
thurberi, as Gray himself suspected, and not a synonym of Acourtza reticulata
(Lag. er D. Don) A. Gray, as indirectly indicated by McVaugh (1984). The
various names for the species date back to the early Nineteenth Century, but
the Don validation of the Lagasca name seems to be the first.

LITERATURE CITED

Badillo, V.M. 1983. Nuevas combinaciones o sinonimia en Compositae de
Venezuela. Ernstia 16:16.

Hartman, R.L. & T.F. Stuessy. 1983. Revision of Otopappus (Compositae,
Heliantheae). Syst. Bot. 8:185-210.

Jeffrey, C. 1988. The Vernonieae in East Tropical Africa. Kew Bulletin
43:195-277.

McVaugh, R. 1984. Flora Novo-Galiciana, Vol. 12. Compositae. Univ.
Michigan Press, Ann Arbor. 1157 pp.

Rindos, D.J. 1980. Generic delimitation in the verbesinoid Heliantheae
(Compositae): I. The genus Zermeniza Llave. M.S. thesis, Cornell Uni-
versity, Ithaca.

Robinson, H. 1980. Re-establishment of the genus Critoniopsis ( Vernonieae:
Asteraceae). Phytologia 46:437-442.

. 1990. Six new combinations in Baccharoides Moench and Cyanthil-
lum Blume (Vernonieae: Asteraceae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 103:248-
253.

Strother, J.L. 1989. Obliwia. a new genus for Zermenia mikanioides (Com-
positae: Heliantheae). Syst. Bot. 14:541-543.

Phytologia (August 1990) 69(2):108-114.

NOTES ON VARIATION IN THE MACHAERANTHERA PINNATIFIDA
COMPLEX (ASTERACEAE) IN MEXICO WITH A NEW COMBINATION

Guy L. Nesom
Department of Botany, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78713 U.S.A.

ABSTRACT

Four varieties of Machaeranthera pinnatifida (Hook.) Shinners are
accepted for the Mexican plants of that species, although the taxa are
here characterized somewhat differently from the 1976 study by Turner
& Hartman. The var. incisifolia (ILM. Johnston) Turner & Hartman is
elevated to specific status as M. incisifolia comb. nov.; it is a morpho-
logically distinctive and nonintergrading taxon geographically isolated
on islands of the Baja Californian Gulf, and situated roughly at the
juncture between the ranges of M. pinnatifida var. gooddingii (A. Nels.)
Turner & Hartman and var. scabrella (E. Greene) Turner & Hartman.

KEY WORDS: Machaeranthera, Asteraceae, Astereae, México.

Turner & Hartman (1976) summarized their observations on infraspecific
variation in the widespread Machaeranthera pinnatifida (Hook.) Shinners as
an “abbreviated overview.” With the benefit of their initial study, as well as
additional collections from northern México, I have come to a slightly different
view of some aspects of the patterns of variability. The 1976 treatment was
not radically different in biology from that of Hall (1928), and the present
observations can be viewed as an extension of the study of Turner & Hartman.
Further information regarding typification and nomenclature can be found in
both of these earlier studies.

My observations have primarily involved plants from México, in connection
with a treatment of the Asteraceae from that country (Turner & Nesom, in
prep.). The morphological delimitation and geographic ranges of two problem-
atic taxonomic groups of the Machaeranthera pinnatifida complex have been
investigated, (1) var. pinnatifida and var. chihuahuana Turner & Hartman,
and (2) the taxa of Baja California, var. scabrella (E. Greene) Turner & Hart-
man, var. gooddingii (A. Nels.) Turner & Hartman, and var. incisifolia (1.M.
Johnston) Turner & Hartman.

108

Nesom: Variation in Machaeranthera pinnatifida complex 109

I. Machaeranthera pinnatifida varieties pinnatifida and chihuahuana

In its initial description, Machaeranthera pinnatifida var. chihuahuana was
contrasted with var. pinnatifida as having a woodier base and somewhat larger
heads on longer, less leafy peduncles. The map provided by Turner & Hart-
man indicated that the range of var. chihuahuana extended from Arizona and
Sonora to eastern Durango and northwestern Zacatecas, and annotations of
more recent accessions in LL and TEX have further extended its range to
Nuevo Leon and San Luis Potosi, making it nearly completely sympatric in
México with var. pinnatifida.

Turner & Hartman noted that plants most similar to the type specimen
of Machaeranthera pinnatifida var. chthuahuana are found primarily in north-
eastern Chihuahua. Even in this area, however, the stem morphology, leaf
distribution, and head size are variable, and arbitrary identifications using
these features must be made for many specimens over the entire range of the
species. Among the plants of M. pinnatzfida in north central México, however,
two taxa do appear to be present, essentially as outlined by Turner & Hart-
man, but I believe their identifications incorporated an aspect of morphology
not explicitly acknowledged in their key or discussion. In the key below. the
contrast between var. pznnatifida and var. chthuahuana, which is based on
vestiture, should allow identifications to be made more objectively than in the
previous study.

When the collections Machaeranthera pinnatifida at LL and TEX are map-
ped on the basis of this separation, the var. pznnatifida is more restricted in
México (Figure 1) and the var. chihuahuana is more widespread (Figure 2)
than previously recognized. Using either the criteria as presented here, or
those of Turner & Hartman however, the two taxa appear to be broadly sym-
patric. Although intermediates appear to be common, there does not appear
to be a complete range of intermediacy in vestiture. Rather, most specimens
are usually clearly referable to one or the other taxon, implying either that a
significant degree of genetic isolation exists between the two or that in plants
with a genotype intermediate between glandular and eglandular, one or the
other of the vestiture types is produced by rather simple genetic mechanisms.
The same degree of broad geographical overlap of the glandular and nonglan-
dular forms occurs in Texas, but the pattern appears more complex there. and
detailed evaluation of the infraspecific variation within M. pznnatzfida north
of México awaits future study. The single record of var. pinnatifida from Chi-
huahua (Figure 1) is continuous in distribution with the other similar Mexican
plants, through populations that extend from Coahuila northward into trans-
Pecos Texas.

Morgan (1990) studied restriction sites in chloroplast DNA in four popu-
lations of Machaeranthera pinnatzfida (two identified as var. chihuahuana and

August 1990

volume 69(2):108-114

PHYTO DOGTA

110

@ M. arenaria
@ M. incisifolia

M. pinnatifida var. pinnatifida ——-
@ typical fora

© deeply pinnatifid form

—-——

Distribution of Machaeranthera arenaria, M. incisifolia and M.

Figure 1.

pinnatifida var. pinnatifida.

Nesom: Variation in Machaeranthera pinnatifida complex 111

chihuahuana -—t#t”

var. gooddingii
var. scabrella

M. pinnatifida
var.

Figure 2. Distribution of Machaeranthera pinnatifida vars. chthuahuana, good-
dingzi, and scabrella.

a12 PHY TOLOCGIA volume 69(2):108-114 August 1990

two as var. pinnatifida on the basis of the Turner & Hartman criteria, but
all as var. chihuahuana on the basis of vestiture type). Morgan’s data did
not support the earlier classification, although significant variation among the
samples is suggestive of the occurrence of regional differentiation within what
is referred to here as var. chthuahuana.

Among the eglandular plants (var. pznnatzfida) in Mexico, there is an en-
clave in northern Coahuila (Figure 1) of variants with highly dissected leaves,
which appear to supplant the more typical forms. Individuals with such dis-
sected leaves may also be seen scattered through Texas, although they are
much less common there. Sideranthus cotula Small (Haplopappus spznulo-
sus [Pursh}] DC. subsp. cotula {Small} Hall) was based on a specimen with
highly dissected leaves, but the type collection was made in Oklahoma and
the herbage is stipitate glandular. Turner & Hartman considered it to be a
synonym of var. pinnatzfida.

II. The taxa of Baja California

Turner & Hartman recognized three varieties of Machaeranthera pinnatifida
in Baja California, var. gooddingii, var. incrsifolia, and var. scabrella. The
plants on Isla San Lorenzo (BC Norte) and nearby islands of Sonora have been
included as an infraspecific taxon of both M. arenariaand M. pinnatifida (var.
incisifolia, see citations below), but I find no evidence that they intergrade
with either species. In contrast, they are geographically distinct and set apart
morphologically by the features noted in the short description below, and they
are here recognized as a separate species.

Machaeranthera incisifolia (I.M. Johnston) Nesom, comb. nov. BASIO-
NYM: Aplopappus arenarius Benth. var. incisifolius I1.M. Johnston. Proc.
Calif. Acad. Sci. 4(12):1190. 1924. TYPE: MEXICO. Baja Califor-
nia Norte: S San Lorenzo Island, 9 May 1921, I.M. Johnston 3529
(HOLOTYPE: CAS; Isotypes: NY, UC fragment). Haplopappus spinulo-
sus (Pursh) DC. subsp. zncisifolvus (1.M. Johnston) Hall, Carnegie Inst.
Washington Publ. 389:77. 1928. Machaeranthera pinnatifida (Hook.)
Shinners var. incisifolia (I.M. Johnston) Turner & Hartman, Wrightia
5:315. 1975.

Low subshrubs, often forming clumps to 0.4 cm wide, strongly woody at
the base, with slender, ascending, caudexlike branches, sparsely and minutely
stipitate glandular, sometimes slightly villous tomentose; leaves mostly basally
disposed, obovate in outline, at least the lowermost pinnately lobed. often
bipinnatifid; heads 15-20 mm wide, held barely above the level of the leaves,
on short, strictly erect, bracteate peduncles.

Nesom: Variation in Machaeranthera pinnatifida complex 113

Baja California Norte on San Lorenzo Island and Sonora on the islands
of San Esteban and Tiburon. Plants of Machaeranthera incisifolia collected
in a variety of habitats, from dunes to cliffs and rocky ridges, maintain their
distinctive morphology. As noted by Turner & Hartman, populations cited by
Hall (1928) on the islands of San Diego, Santa Cruz, and Coronado in BC Sur
are much more similar to M. pinnatifida var. scabrella.

Turner & Hartman emphasized head size in delimiting two subspecies
within Machaeranthera pinnatifida, but I have not been able to corroborate
this aspect of their taxonomy. Instead, M. pinnatifida appears to be set apart
in head size from M. arenarza and M. incisifolia, both of which have larger
heads, a similarity also recorded by Ramon (1968). Larger headed (up to
15 mm wide) forms are found scattered in the ranges of vars. chihuahuana,
gooddingzt, and scabrella, but as noted by Turner & Hartman, the origins of
such forms are best regarded as evolutionarily parallel. The nature of the re-
lationship among M. arenarza, M. incisifolia, and the Mexican varieties of M.
pinnatifida is not clear, although it is reasonable to assume that var. gooddingit
and var., scabrella, the two westernmost varieties, are most closely related to
each other, as postulated by Turner & Hartman.

There is notable variation among the plants of var. gooddingzi. Those of
Baja California Norte are slightly tomentose but completely eglandular or
nearly so, while those of Sonora (including Szderanthus viridus Rose & Stand.
from the Pinacate Mts.) are sparsely stipitate glandular and have consis-
tently narrower leaves as well. In respect to the vestiture, the latter might be
considered intermediate between the peninsular plants of var. gooddingiu and
var. chihuahuana of the mainland. The plants of var. scabrella are consistently
densely glandular, and they appear to be clearly distinguished by vestiture and
growth habit from those of var. gooddingz, which are contiguous in geographic
range.

KEY TO THE VARIETIES OF MACHAERANTHERA PINNATIFIDA
AND CLOSELY RELATED SPECIES IN MEXICO

1. Heads 8-15 mm wide, plants from Baja California to Tamaulipas and San
Wikis EOLOBIN (IVE: SpenaTEGUEFEG) | 615 Goiciccnys = cella oe le sia siannere el okeitere eae 3

1’ Heads mostly 15-20 mm wide, plants from Baja California and Sonora .2

2. Leaves mostly basal, lobed, commonly bipinnatifid, sparsely to
densely invested with minute stipitate glandular hairs; heads barely
above the level of the leaves, on short, strictly erect, bracteate pe-
GIECIES, (Siete cape tears ato te aicie teareen ares oe meunve ae aia gatene ounce M. incisifolia

114 PHYTOLOGIA volume 69(2):108-114 August 1990

2’ Leaves evenly arranged along the stems, shallowly toothed, densely
invested with long, stipitate glandular hairs; heads at the ends of
ascending to erect ascending peduncles, peduncles leafy to the base
olithe Reads, Weedsoes Sk. OR. 0 Pe. eer M. arenaria

3. Plants eglandular, Coahuila and Nuevo Leon ............ var. pinnatifida

3’ Plants stipitate glandular, widespread, or if eglandular, from Baja Califor-
Bias NWOPbe 20/2 Ae ad Damvaye as 214 die aeats 6 ahakekaeene so a dbase tp ea 4

4. Plants densely glandular, stems stiffly erect, branches stiffly spreading-
ascending, with leaves even sized and evenly arranged to immedi-
ately below the heads, Baja California Sur to Baja California Norte
var. scabrella

4’ Plants sparsely to densely glandular, stems usually at least slightly
arcuate, with leaves reduced in size near the heads, Baja California
Norte arid’ Sonora’ eastward .).2. 5 2982... ese eaten eee 5

5. Leaf surfaces with a definite shiny texture, sparsely glandular to eglandu-
lar, Baja California Norte and western Sonora ......... var. gooddingi

5’ Leaf surfaces dull textured, glandular, Sonora to Nuevo Leon and San Luis
Potosi Tis aetis Jetty ties se ele hay deat oh. oa on var. chihuahuana

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I thank Billie Turner and David Morgan for their review and comments.

LITERATURE CITED

Hall, H.M. 1928. The genus Haplopappus. Publ. Carnegie Inst. Washington,
No. 389.

Morgan, D.R. 1990. A systematic study of Machaeranthera ( Asteraceae) and
related groups using restriction analysis of chloroplast DNA and a taxo-
nomic revision of Machaeranthera section Psilactis. Ph.D. dissertation,
Univ. of Texas, Austin.

Ramon, S. 1968. A numerical taxonomic study of certain taxa of Haplopap-
pus, section Blepharodon. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 47:863-900.

Turner, B.L. & R. Hartman. 1976. Infraspecific categories of Machaeranthera
pinnatifida (Compositae). Wrightia 5:308-315.

Phytologia (August 1990) 69(2):115-118.

A NEW SPECIES OF GENTIANA (GENTIANACEAE) FROM
DURANGO, MEXICO

Guy L. Nesom
Department of Botany, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78713 U.S.A.

ABSTRACT

Gentiana longicollis sp. nov., from southeastern Durango, México,
is closely related to G. ovatiloba Kusn. and G. bicuspidata (G. Don)
Brig. of sect. Pneumonanthe, but differs from both in its combination
of broadly elliptic leaves and its long, erect, merely bracteate peduncles.

KEY WORDS: Gentzana, Gentianaceae, México.

A new species of Gentiana sect. Pneumonanthe from México has been
recognized from among recent general acquisitions during curation of Gen-
tianaceae at LL and TEX. The specimen concerned was collected by D.E.
Breedlove and distributed as “Gentiana cf. ovatiloba Kusn.,” but while it is
similar to that species, as well as G. bicusptdata (G. Don) Briq., it is clearly
distinguished from them according to the keys, descriptions, and illustrations
in the taxonomic treatments of Mexican Gentzana by Pringle (1977; 1979).
Comparison with a number of LL and TEX specimens of both of its putative
relatives confirms its status as a previously undescribed species.

Gentiana longicollis Nesom, sp. nov. (Figure 1). TYPE: MEXICO. Du-
rango: Mpio. Mezquital, near Canoas, meadows with Pinus and Quercus
on surrounding hills, 74 km WNW of Huejuquilla, Jalisco, 2720 m, 22
Oct 1983, D.E. Breedlove 59178 (HOLOTYPE: TEX!; Isotype: CAS).

Gentiana ovatilobae Kusn. similis sed foliis late ellipticis et pe-
dunculis longis erectis tantum bracteatisque differt.

Roots not seen (but probably taprooted). Stems glabrous, with a leafy,
decumbent portion 8-15 cm long, turning upwards and producing a solitary
flower on an erect, sparsely bracteate, pedunculiform portion 5-15 cm long.
Leaves opposite, slightly succulent, nearly even sized but slightly larger at

115

116 BHYVEOLO GLA volume 69(2):115-118 August 1990

=>
S
3
3

eae

=a

Figure 1. Gentiana longicollis. a. habit; b. interior of corolla, opened and
flattened; and c. exterior of calyx, opened and flattened.

Nesom: New Gentiana from Durango, México 1B ir,

midstem, evenly and closely spaced, elliptic to broadly elliptic, the largest 9-
14 mm long, 7-10 mm wide, 1.2-1.7 times as long as broad, constricted to a
subpetiolar base, the apex rounded to obtuse, the margins entire, not thickened
or tuberculate papillate, the peduncular bracts lanceolate, 8-10 mm long, in
2-3 pairs 4-6 cm apart. Flowers solitary; calyx purplish, the tube uncleft,
7-8 mm long, glabrous, the lobes erect, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 5-6 mm
long, 1 mm wide, with acute, slightly apiculate apices; corolla 30-35 mm long,
the tube funnelform, the lobes spreading, ovate-triangular, 5-6 mm long, with
entire margins and obtuse, minutely apiculate apices, the sinuses equal, free
portions of the appendages 2-3 mm long, shallowly cleft or bifid; lower 1/3
of the corolla tube pale, the appendages becoming violet-blue upwards, the
exterior of the petals distinctly bronzed to nearly the apex, interior lobes of
corolla with yellow dots, the lower tube with light yellow stripes with blue
dots; stamen filaments becoming free about 1/3 the height of the corolla tube,
free portions 11-12 mm long; anthers 3-5 mm long, not cohering. Mature fruit
and seeds not seen.

Known only from the type collection.

Gentzana longicollis is clearly most similar to G. bicuspidata and G. ovati-
loba in its unbranched stems bearing solitary, blue flowers with included sta-
mens and corolla tubes gradually flaring from the base (Pringle 1977). The
new species is distinguished from both of these taxa by its combination of
small, closely spaced, broadly elliptic leaves on decumbent branches and its
very long, erect, merely bracteate, pedunculiform branches. It is represented
on the type sheet by five separate stems broken off at the very base, but both
the habit and duration are almost certainly the same as in G. ovatiloba. Both
of the close relatives of G. longicollis produce stems that usually are leafy to
the base of the flower. In its relatively broad, closely spaced leaves, G. longi-
collis is most similar in general aspect to G. ovatiloba, but the leaves of the
former are definitely shorter (1.2-1.7 times longer than wide vs. 2.5-3.5 times).
In its ovate-deltate corolla lobes and nearly linear calyx lobes, yellow spots on
the interior of the corolla, relatively longer staminal filaments, its tendency to
produce relatively long internodes (over 2 cm on the middle and lower stem),
its geographic distribution, and habitats well below alpine and subalpine zones,
G. longicollis is more similar to G. bicuspzdata. The linear lanceolate leaves
of G. bicuspidata are very different, however, and it apparently never has the
exaggerated, nearly scapose peduncles of the new species.

Gentiana ovatiloba occurs in alpine to subalpine habitats from Guatemala,
northward in México, to the volcanic peaks of Veracruz and the state of Mexico
and is separated from G. longicollis at the closest point by more than 650
kilometers. The type locality of G. longicollis lies within the geographic range
of the more widespread G. bicuspidata, which occurs in sierran habitats from
west central Chihuahua, southward to Veracruz and the state of México, where
it is sympatric with G. ovatiloba. Pringle (1977) suggested that G. ovatzloba,

118 PEYT OLO GLA volume 69(2):115-118 August 1990

on the basis of its geographic distribution in the relatively younger volcanic
mountains, may be a more recently derived taxon than G. bicuspzdata. In a
group of species otherwise with primarily linear to narrowly lanceolate leaves,
the short, elliptic leaves with distinctly thickened and minutely tuberculate
papillate margins, characteristic of both G. ovatiloba and G. longicollis suggest
they may have originated as sister taxa, probably from an ancestral lineage of
plants similar to G. bicuspzdata.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I thank Dr. Billie Turner and Dr. Carol Todzia for their review and com-
ments.

LITERATURE CITED

Pringle, J.S. 1977. Taxonomy and distribution of Gentiana (Gentianaceae)
in Mexico and Central America. I. Sect. Pneumonanthe. Sida 7:174-217.

. 1979. Taxonomy and distribution of Gentzana (Gentianaceae) in
Mexico and Central America. II. Sect. Chondrophyllae. Sida 8:14-33.

Phytologia (August 1990) 69(2):119-121.

BOTHRIOCHLOA BLADHII (POACEAE) NEW TO LOUISIANA
Paul M. McKenzie, Robert E. Noble,

School of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment
Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Louisiana State
University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 U.S.A.

Lowell E. Urbatsch,

Department of Botany, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana

70803 U.S.A.
&
Donald P. Reed

Louisiana State University, Lee Memorial Forest, Rt. 2, Box 98, Franklinton,
Louisiana 70438 U.S.A.

ABSTRACT

The occurrence of Bothriochloa bladhi is documented in Louisiana
from Iberia, Tangipahoa, and Washington parishes.

KEY WORDS: Floristics, Bothriochloa, Poaceae, systematics, Louisiana.

Bothriochloa bladhii (Retz.) S.T. Blake, commonly called Australian blue-
stem, is native to tropical-subtropical Africa, Asia, Australia, and islands of
the Pacific (Blake 1969; Gould 1975). It was introduced into the New World as
a forage grass (Gould 1975; 1979) and has become naturalized along roadsides
in southern Texas (Gould 1975). The species is an excellent fodder grass in
Australia (Blake 1944). Bothriochloa bladhii is not reported in Allen (1980),
and MacRoberts (1988) stated that he “found no report of the species in
Louisiana.”

The first record for Louisiana is based un a collection in Iberia Parish, ca.
1 mile south of the Iberia Research Station, along a railroad right of way that
parallels Louisiana Route 182, 20 November 1981 (Saichuck s.n. [LAF]). A
second collection was made in Washington Parish, along Louisiana Highway

119

120 PAY TOLOGIA volume 69(2):119-121 August 1990

16, ca. 200 meters east of the Techefuncte River bridge near the Tangipahoa
Parish line, 17 October 1986 (L. Smith 1487 |LSU]). The latter specimen,
however, was reported erroneously as B. pertusa (L.) A. Camus (McKenzie,
et al. 1988). A third record for B. bladhwz was collected on Lee Memorial
Forest, Washington Parish, 13 September 1989 (McKenzze 1070 with Lowell
E. Urbatsch and Robert E. Noble [LSU]). A fourth collection was secured in
Tangipahoa Parish, along Louisiana Highway 16, ca. 1 mile west of the parish
line near the 1986 locality, 12 October 1989 (McKenzze 1074 with Robert E.
Noble: [FLAS, K, LSU, MO, NMCR, TAES)). A final collection was made on
Lee Memorial Forest on 26 June 1990 (McKenzie 1081 with Robert E. Noble
[LSU]).

All specimens from Tangipahoa Parish and Washington Parish had spikelets
that averaged smaller (ca. 3.2 mm) than typically reported for this species (3.5-
4.0 mm, {Gould 1975]). These measurements may represent unusual variations
in length as discussed by Blake (1944) or indicate that material from east-
ern Louisiana represents an introgressive hybrid between Bothriochloa bladhi
and Capillipedium parviflorum (R. Br.) Stapf, as reported by Harlan, et al.
(1958), de Wet, et al. (1961), and Blake (1969). The introduction of Aus-
tralian bluestem in Louisiana appears to be unintentional, and Experiment
Station personnel in Iberia and Washington parishes have no records of B.
bladhu being introduced as a forage species.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank the curators of the following herbaria for their assistance with
this report and in confirming the identification of specimens: FLAS, K, LAF,
NMCR, TAES. We are grateful to Dr. Charles Allen and Dr. R. Dale Thomas
for reviewing the paper and to Dr. Peter Michael, 5 George St., Epping, NSW
2121, Australia, for his assistance. Approved for publication by the Director
of the Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station as manuscript number 90-

22-4366.

LITERATURE CITED

Allen, C. 1980. The Grasses of Louisiana. Univ. Southwestern La. Press,
Lafayette, 358 pp.

Blake, S.T. 1944. Monographic Studies in the Australian Andropogoneae
Part 1. Papers, Dept. of Biology, Univ. of Queensland 2(3):1-62.

McKenzie, et al.: Bothriochloa bladhii new to Louisiana 121

. 1969. Taxonomic and nomenclatural studies in the Gramineae No.
1. Proc. Royal Soc. Queensland 80:55-84.

de Wet, J.M.J., D.S. Borgaonkar, & H.R. Chheda. 1961. Intergeneric hybrids
in the Bothriochloiniae II: Bothriochloa and Capillipedium. Cytologia
26:268-273.

Gould, F.W. 1975. The Grasses of Teras. Texas A&M Univ. Press, College
Station, 653 pp.

. 1979. Pp. 151-220 in Flora of the Lesser Antilles. Leeward and
Windward Islands. Volume 3. Monocotyledoneae. R.A. Howard. Arnold
Arboretum, Harvard Univ., Jamaica Plain, Mass., 586 pp.

Harlan, J.R., R.P. Celarier, W.L. Richardson, M.H. Brooks, & K.L. Hehra.
1958. Studies on Old World bluestems II. Oklahoma Agric. Exp. Stn.
Tech. Bull. No. T-72:1-23.

MacRoberts, D.T. 1988. A Documented Checklist and Atlas of the Vascular
Flora of Louisiana. Part 1. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae, and Mono-
cotyledoneae. Louisiana State Univ. in Shreveport, 256 pp.

McKenzie, P.M., L.E. Urbatsch, & L. Smith. 1988. Dichanthtum annulatum
and Bothriochloa pertusa (Poaceae), new to Louisiana. Sida 13(1):117-
118.

Phytologia (August 1990) 69(2):122-124.

TWO NEW SPECIES OF EUPATORIUM (ASTERACEAE: EUPATORIEAE)
FROM CHIAPAS, MEXICO

B.L. Turner
Department of Botany, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78713 U.S.A.

ABSTRACT

Two new shrubby species of Eupatorium from Chiapas, México, are
described: E. heathiae sp. nov. and E. siltepecanum sp. nov. The
former is believed to relate to the Kyrstentopsts group of Eupatoritum
and the latter to the Critonia group, but both are only remotely related
to any of the known species of México.

KEY WORDS: Critonia, Eupatorium, Kyrsteniopsis, Asteraceae,
Eupatorieae, México.

Routine identification of Mexican Asteraceae has revealed the following
new species in Eupatorium.

Eupatorium heathiae B. Turner, sp. nov. TYPE: MEXICO. Chiapas:
Mpio. Mapastepec, Reserva El Triunfo, buffer zone, El] Limonar-El Paval
(15° 39’ N, 92° 48’ W), 1200 m, 19 Jun 1990, disturbed area in Mon-
tane/ Evergreen seasonal forest, M. Heath & A. Long 1128(HOLOTYPE:
TEX!; Isotype: CHIP).

Eupatorium nelsoni B.L. Robins. similis sed capituliis cylindri-
cis flosculos tantum 4 (vs. 8-10) contentibus differt.

Shrubs to 2 m high. Stems terete, densely hirsutulous, glabrate and corky
with age. Leaves opposite throughout, 7-13 cm long, 3-6 cm wide; petioles
1.5-3.0 cm long; blades broadly ovate, palmately 3-5 nervate, glabrate above
and below except along the major veins, the lower surfaces markedly glandu-
lar punctate, the margins serrulate. Heads numerous in terminal, somewhat
rounded, congested cymose panicles, ca. 10 cm wide and 6 cm high, the ul-
timate peduncles mostly 0-2 mm long. Involucres cylindrical, the bracts per-
sistent, 3-4 seriate, markedly graduate, broadly ovate to linear lanceolate, 3-5

122

Turner: Two new species of Eupatorvum from Chiapas, México 123

striate, glabrous and brownish colored (except for the outermost bracts). Re-
ceptales plane, glabrous. Florets 4 per head, the corollas tubular, reportedly
white, ca. 4 mm long, the lobes ca. 0.3 mm long. Anther appendages longer
than wide. Style with base of shaft glabrous and not enlarged, the stylar
branches linear but with a slight gradual enlargement apically. Achenes ca.
2 mm long, 5 ribbed, sparsely pubescent, the carpopodium grading into the
tibs, the pappus of 40-50 persistent bristles 4-5 mm long.

Eupatorium heathiae belongs to the Kyrsteniopsis group of Eupatorium s.l.
and would key to or near that genus in the treatment of the Mexican genera as
circumscribed by King & Robinson (1987). Superficially, the species appears
to belong to the Critonza group but the glandular punctate undersurfaces of
the leaves preclude a position there.

Eupatorium siltepecanum B. Turner, sp. nov. TYPE: MEXICO. Chiapas:
Cascada, near Siltepec, in advanced forest, 1600 m, 1 Mar 1945, Exzz
Matuda 5156 (HOLOTYPE: LL!; Isotypes: LL!,; MEXU).

Eupatorzum microdoni B.L. Robins. similis sed foliis tenuioribus
latioribusque marginibus dentatis et capitulis numerosioribus re-
ceptaculis hemisphaericis pubescentibusque differt.

Shrub. Stems terete, densely brown hirsute. Leaves opposite throughout,
10-20 cm long, 5-8 cm wide; petioles 1.5-5.0 cm long; blades ovate elliptic
to elliptic, broadest at or near the middle, pinnately nervate, glabrate above,
pubescent beneath along the principal veins, both surfaces abundantly en-
dowed with pustulate blisters. the margins serrulate. Heads numerous, borne
in a terminal ovoid capitulescence, arranged in corymbose panicles, the ulti-
mate peduncles mostly 0-1 mm long. Involucres campanulate, ca. 4 mm high,
the bracts 2-3 seriate, the inner series readily detaching. Receptacle hemi-
spheric, ca. 1 mm across, 0.5 mm high, alveolate, pubescent. Florets 10-12 per
head, the corollas rose colored, tubular, ca. 3 mm long, glabrous, except for the
sparsely pubescent lobes, the latter ca. 0.7 mm long. Anther appendages ca. as
long as wide. Style with shaft glabrous, not enlarged at the base, the branches
linear, scarcely enlarged apically. Achenes ca. 1.5 mm long, 5 ribbed, sparsely
hispid, the carpopodium distinct but poorly developed, scarcely merging into
the ribs, the pappus of ca. 50 slender persistent bristles 3-4 mm long.

Additional Specimen Examined: MEXICO. Chiapas: Cascada, Siltepec,
1600 m, 1 Mar 1945, Matuda 5164 (F, MEXU).

While compared to Eupatortum microdon in the above diagnosis, E. szl-
tepecanum does not appear to be especially close to that species. Indeed. i+
appears to stand somewhere within the Decachaeta - Bartlettina - Critoniu
complex, sensu King & Robinson (1987), possessing many of the characters of
Bartlettina and Decachaeta (e.g., hemispheric pubescent receptacles). I have

124 PAY T,O.L'0 GBA volume 69(2):122-124 August 1990

referred it to the Critonia complex, however, largely because it possesses pus-
tulate glands on the leaf surfaces, a character that apparently distinguishes
the Critonia group (King & Robinson, 1987; Whittemore, 1987).

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Guy Nesom provided the Latin diagnosis and I am grateful to him and
T.P. Ramamoorthy for reviewing the manuscript.

LITERATURE CITED

King, R.M. & H. Robinson. 1987. The genera of the Eupatorieae (Aster-
aceae). Monographs Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 22:1-581.

Whittemore, A. 1987. The systematics and chemistry of Eupatorium, sect.
Dalea Loud. Ph.D. dissertation, The Univ. of Texas, Austin.

Phytologia (August 1990) 69(2):125-128.

TWO NEW SPECIES OF VERBESINA (ASTERACEAE, HELIANTHEAE)
FROM MEXICO

B.L. Turner
Department of Botany, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78713 U.S.A.

ABSTRACT

Two new species of Verbesina from México are described: V. paneroi
sp. nov. from Volcan Colima, Jalisco, and V. villasenorii from west-
ern Oaxaca. The former is seemingly related to V. klattst B.L. Robins.
& Greenm. and V. furfuracea McVaugh, the latter to V. gray: (Schultz-
Bip.) Hemsl. An illustration is provided for V. paneroz.

KEY WORDS: Verbesina, Asteraceae, Heliantheae, México, sys-

tematics.

Routine identification of Mexican Asteraceae has revealed the following
novelties in Verbeszna. These were sent to me by Dr. Jose L. Panero, who
asked that I note here that the collections were assembled through support of
N.S.F. grant BSR 8806513 to Dr. Ed Schilling of the University of Tennessee.

Verbesina paneroi B. Turner, sp. nov. Figure 1. TYPE: MEXICO. Jalisco:
20-25 km from El] Fresnito along the road to the summit of Volcan Col-
ima, 2300-2500 m, 27 Dec 1989, José L. Panero, José L. Villasenor &
A. Ramos 1841 (HOLOTYPE: TEX!; Isotypes: MEXU, TENN).

Verbesina klattiz B.L. Robins. & Greenm. similis sed capitulis
18 vel plus in panicula laxa ac corymboidea dispositis et involu-
cri bracteis ovatilanceolatis adpressis valde imbricatisque (vs. late
foliaceisac incohaerentibus) differt.

Open shrubs 3-4 m high. Stems markedly winged, hispidulo-puberulous.
Leaves opposite throughout, the larger up to 35 cm long and 25 cm wide,
broadly ovate in outline, markedly trilobate, the major lobes with broad shal-
low lobes; petioles ca. 10 cm long, broadly winged throughout; blades evenly
hispid above and below, with erect or ascending hairs. Heads ca. 18, radiate,

125

August 1990

volume 69(2):125-128

PHY T'OLO-GiA

126

aneroi,

5
ce

Verbdesina

from nolotype

Turner: Two new species of Verbestna from México 127

arranged in a broad, open, relatively naked corymbose panicle ca. 18 cm high
and 20 cm wide, the ultimate peduncles unwinged, mostly 1-5 cm long. Involu-
cres campanulate, 12-14 mm high, ca. 20 mm wide (pressed), ca. 4 seriate, the
bracts mostly ovate lanceolate, appressed, moderately appressed pubescent,
grading into the linear lanceolate pales, the latter shorter than the subtending
florets. Ray florets 13-18, pistillate, fertile, the ligules golden yellow, 10-14 mm
long, ca. 4 mm wide, the tube pubescent. Disc florets numerous, the corollas
golden yellow, 7-9 mm long, pubescent throughout, the tubes and lobes espe-
cially so, the latter ca. 1.5 mm long. Achenes (somewhat immature) ca. 6 mm
long, 3 mm wide, winged along the upper shoulders, glabrous or nearly so, the
pappus of 2 persistent, sparsely ciliate awns 4-5 mm long.

Verbesina paneroi appears related to V. furfuracea McVaugh (sect. Pseu-
domontanoa [Turner 1985]), a species with alternate, nondecurrent leaves, but
it appears equally close to V. klatti (sect. Pterodophyta {Robinson & Green-
man 1899]) having the capitulescence and heads of the former and the opposite,
markedly decurrent leaves of the latter.

It is a pleasure to name this striking species for its principal collector, Dr.
José Panero, currently working out of the University of Tennessee, an expert
on the difficult genus Vzguzera and related groups.

Verbesina villasenorii B. Turner, sp. nov. TYPE: MEXICO. Oaxaca: 31
km S of Tlaxiaco on road to San Miguel Yosondua; occasional in cool
pine-oak and Cornus forest, 2500 m, 19 Dec 1989, José L. Panero, José
L. Villasenor & A. Ramos 1809(HOLOTYPE: TEX!; Isotypes: MEXU,
TENN).

Verbesina grayi (Schultz-Bip.) Hemsl. similis sed foliis alter-
nis in caulibus superis (vs. omnino oppositis) crassioribus brev-
ioribusque et capituliis paucioribus in pedunculis ultimis longioribus
(2-9 cm longis vs. 0.5-2.0 cm longis) differt.

Profusely branched shrub to 1 m high; stems unwinged, densely strigose.
Leaves alternate above or nearly opposite throughout, those at midstem 4-
6 cm long, 1.3-2.0 cm wide; petioles 2-5 mm long; blades ovate to elliptical,
pinnately veined, densely and softly sericeous beneath, the surface atomiferous
glandular, the margins serrulate to nearly entire; heads eradiate, 5-8 per main
stem, the ultimate peduncles 2-9 cm long; involucres campanulate, 6-8 mm
high, 9-11 mm wide, the bracts 3-4 seriate, sericeous, subequal, the outer
series oblanceolate to somewhat spatulate, grading into the pales, the latter
with erect yellow acute glabrous apices. Florets numerous (60+), the corollas
ca. 4 mm long, pubescent throughout with sericeous hairs, the tube ca. 1.5
mm long; achenes (immature) ca. 3 mm long, sparsely pubescent, the pappus
of 2 readily deciduous, nearly eciliate awns ca. 2.5 mm long.

128 PHYTOLOGIA volume 69(2):125-128 August 1990

Verbesina villasenorii superficially resembles V. grayi, especially those pop-
ulational forms of the latter from the states of México and Michoacan with
eradiate heads. Rzedowski (1980) applied the name V. discoidea (Brandegee)
Rzed. to the latter populations, but I treat these (Turner, in prep.) as part of
the earlier, widespread, highly variable V. grayi (including V. heterocarpaS.F.
Blake). McVaugh (1984) maintained both V. discotdea and V. heterocarpa
but failed to account for V. grayt; Rzedowski (1980) treated V. heterocarpa as
synonymous with V. discoidea, but did not note their close relationship with
V. grayi.

It is a pleasure to name the present novelty for José Villasenor, one of
the most promising synantherologists of México, currently working for his
doctorate degree at Pomona, California.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Nancy Webber provided the illustration. I am grateful to Guy Nesom
for the Latin diagnosis and to him and T.P. Ramamoorthy for reviewing the
manuscript.

LITERATURE CITED

McVaugh, R. 1984. Verbesina, in Flora Novo-Galictana 12:963-1013. Uni-
versity of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor.

Robinson, B.L. & J. Greenman. 1899. Synopsis of the genus Verbesina, with
an analytical key to the species. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 39:534-566.

Rzedowski, J. 1980. Dos especies mexicanas de Verbesina (Compositae):
Una nueva y una redefinida. Bol. Soc. Argentina Bot. 19:53-60.

Turner, B.L. 1985. Revision of Verbesina sect. Pseudomontanoa (Aster-
aceae). Pl. Syst. Evol. 150:237-262.

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