i’! PHYTOLOGIA An international journal to expedite plant systematic, phytogeographical and ecological publication Vol. Zt December 1991 No. 6 CONTENTS C _/RICO-GRAY, V., Menyanthaceae de la peninsula de Yucatdn, Mexico 429 -RICO-GRAY, V., Ruppiaceae de la pen{nsula de Yucatdn, México ...... 433 ae) . Fa RICO-GRAY, V., Typhaceae de la peninsula de Yucatan, Mexico ....... 3 REVEAL, J.L., Lectotypification of Cassia occidentalis Linnaeus (LACS AGA Loch cn eS ssnte aston y rgd pt docartietn wise ibabuser eatin 453 REVEAL, J.L. & F.R. BARRIE, On the identity of Hedysarum violaceum ‘ Esa Aun PEACE AEN Sab os asc elec co rane cirri) Letaey Vac raak we Te neues 456 REVEAL, J.L., Lectotypifications in Hydrastis Linnaeus and Warneria POMC not MISCEAG boing veer dy i on oeunni dined cfidenetes ce teebteae 462 ; ~REVEAL, J.L., Typification of Nyssa aquatica Linnaeus (Nyssaceae) .. 468 REVEAL, J.L., Typification of Panax quinquefolium Linnaeus CONTE h Se Lat Se 28 yh GD AYN EAS RA a i GS Mn NE ek er Ae ERR TE OAT REE Mae 472 - REVEAL, J.L., Typification of Phlox glaberrima Linnaeus | ENG THOME nian une es hea cre eNO Ute Shoes nsayeeeeetoat 475 Contents continued on the inside cover. Published by Michael J. Warnock 185 Westridge Drive Huntsville, Texas 77340 U.S.A. PHYTOLOGIA is printed on acid free paper. (Contents continued) _ REVEAL, J.L., Typification of the Linnaean species of Tiarella (Saxifra- PACCAB) ici eacat oro inp nlly rekon opaseipwgnen seals aia ee a 479 “TURNER, B.L., New species of Stellaria (Caryophyllaceae) from northeastern MEXICO i255.00h ioc scsbniey cb toe ne 483 PHYTOLOGIA (ISSN 00319430) is published monthly with two volumes per year by Michael J. Warnock, 185 Westridge Drive, Huntsville, TX 77340. Second Class postage at Huntsville, TX. Copyright ©1991 by PHYTOLOGIA. Annual domestic ~ ~~ "= "4% eS a. s <> > tan = ia ee 6 ed oe - Bue individual subscription (12 issues): $36.00. Annual domestic institutional — subscription (12 issues): $40.00. Foreign and/or airmail postage extra. Single copy — sales: Current issue and back issues volume 67 to present, $3.50; Back issues (previous to volume 67), $3.00 (add $.50 per copy postage and handling US — [$1.00 per copy foreign]). Back issue sales by volume: $17.00 per volume 42-66 Y f (not all available as complete volumes); $21.00 per volume 67-present; add $2.00 — per volume postage US ($4.00 per volume foreign). POSTMASTER: Send address _ ah changes to REY Sola, 185 Westridge Drive, Huntsville, TX 77340. page ae “a4 = : a z Phytologia (December 1991) 71(6):429-432. MENYANTHACEAE DE LA PENINSULA DE YUCATAN, MEXICO Victor Rico-Gray Instituto de Ecologia, A.C., Apdo. Postal 63, Xalapa, Veracruz 91000 MEXICO RESUMEN Se presenta la descripcidn de la familia Menyanthaceae para la Peninsula de Yucatan, México (Estados de Yucatan, Campeche, y Quin- tana Roo). Se describe taxondmicamente a Nymphoides indica; se pre- senta informacion sobre su distribucion y ejemplares examinados. ABSTRACT A description of Menyanthaceae from the Yucatan Peninsula of México (states of Yucatan, Campeche, and Quintana Roo) is presented. A taxonomic description of Nymphoides indica, information about its distribution, and a list of specimens examined are presented. PALABRAS CLAVE (KEY WORDS): Menyanthaceae, Nymphoides indica, Yucatan, Campeche, Quintana Roo, México INTRODUCCION Los miembros de la familia Menyanthaceae Dum. se caracterizan por ser hierbas acudticas o semiacuaticas, glabras, con rizomas horizontales; hojas alternas, enteras, simples o trifoliadas, a menudo orbiculares y peltadas, peci- olo envolvente en la base, exestipulado; inflorescencias racemosas, solitarias, pareadas, o fasciculadas, o en cimas con numerosas flores, o en cabezuelas in- volucradas; flores bisexuales, regulares; caliz pentamero, libre o fusionado en la base; corola pentamera, fusionada en la base para formar un tubo corto, los lébulos valvados o induplicado-valvados, los margenes y/o el interior general- mente fimbriado o barbado; estambres 5, alternipétalos e insertados cerca de la 429 430 PHY TOT OLGIiA volume 71(6):429-432 December 1991 base del tubo de la corola, anteras biloculares, sagitadas, versatiles; nectarios hipoginos usualmente presentes; ovario superior, unilocular, con dos placen- tas parietales, infinitos dvulos, pistilo 1, estilo simple, estigma bifido; fruto capsular, 2 6 4 valvado, raramente carnoso e indehiscente; semillas pocas a numerosas, a veces aladas, endospermo copioso, embrién pequeno (Elias 1969; Mason 1957). La familia Menyanthaceae parece tener su origen en Laurasia (no se cono- cen fosiles anteriores al Paleoceno), aunque actualmente tiene amplia repre- sentacion en Australasia; aparentemente, como muchas plantas acuaticas, se dispersa con mucha facilidad (Raven & Axelrod 1974). Es una familia pequena con cinco géneros y aproximadamente 30-35 especies, distribuidos en regiones templadas y tropicales de ambos hemisferios (Elias 1969). Los géneros in- cluidos actualmente dentro de las Menyanthaceae, habian sido considerados en el pasado como tribu o subfamilia de la familia Gentianaceae (Bentham & Hooker, Gen. Pl. 2:819, 1876; Gilg in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4:62, 1876). Actualmente, la familia Menyanthaceae se mantiene como una familia separada de Gentianaceae, por poseer hojas alternas y la estivacion valvada o induplicado-valvada (Cronquist 1969; Hutchinson 1959; Ornduff 1969). Solo se encuentra el género Nymphoides en la Peninsula de Yucatan (Sosa et al. 1985). NYMPHOIDES Séguier, Pl. Veron. 3:121. 1754. Limnanthemum S.G. Gmel., Novi Comment. Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop. 14(1):525. 1870. Hierba acuatica, perenne, sumergida; tallos semejantes a peciolos. Ho- jas simples, enteras, alternas, en general ampliamente ovadas u orbiculares, peltadas, cordadas en la base, flotantes. Flores blancas o amarillas, umbeladas en el extremo de los tallos o axilares; caliz pentalobulado, fusionado en la base; - corola ampliamente campanulada o subrotacea, profundamente pentalobulada, lobulos induplicado-valvados en el boton, generalmente con el margen fimbri- ado; estambres 5, insertos en la base de la corola, anteras ovadas a lineares; ovario unicelular, elipsoideo, estilo corto o ausente, estigma persistente bilob- ulado, usualmente anchos. El fruto una capsula indehiscente o eventualmente se rompe irregularmente, con paredes firmes; numerosas semillas papiladas, la testa dura; z = 9 (Correll & Correll 1975; Standley & Williams 1969). Presenta alrededor de 20 especies en las regiones templadas y tropicales de ambos hemisferios. Solo Nymphoides indica (L.) O. Kuntze se encuentra en la Peninsula de Yucatan (Sosa et al. 1985). Algunos autores consideran que Nymphoides indica solo se distribuye en el Viejo Mundo y Nymphoides humboldtiana (H.B.K.) O. Kuntze se distribuye en el Nuevo Mundo (v.gr., Elias 1969; Standley & Williams 1969). Ornduff (1969) considera que no existen diferencias morfoldgicas consistentes para separar a las plantas del Rico-Gray: Menyanthaceae de Ja peninsula de Yucatan 431 Nuevo Mundo como N. humboldtiana, y que como el nombre N. indica tiene prioridad, éstas deben referirse como N. indica. Nymphoides indica (L.) O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2:429. 1891. BASIONYM: Menyanthes indica L., Sp. Pl. 1:145. 1753. Villarsia humboldtianum H.B.K., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 3:187. 1818. Lim- nanthemum humboldtianum (H.B.K.) Griseb., Gen. Sp. Gent. 347. 1838. Nymphoides humboldtiana (H.B.K.) O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2:429. 1891. Plantas acuaticas, glabras, con rizomas sumergidos, elongados, carnosos. Tallo verde, robusto, suculento, débil, de 8 a 20 cm de largo y ca. 6 mm de diametro, septado verticalmente con varios espacios aéreos continuos, los tallos con una hoja terminal solitaria o ramificandose generalmente cerca del apice para dar lugar a una inflorescencia u hojas adicionales. Hojas solitarias, orbiculares u orbicular-reniforme a subovadas, profundamente cordadas en la base, apice obtuso, suculentas, el haz verde y el envés violeta a rojizo obscuro, coriaceaes, 2-18 cm de ancho. Inflorescencias compuestas por numerosas flo- res fasciculadas, aparentemente umbeladas, axilares. Flores blancas, 1-8 cm de largo, pediceladas, pedicelos muy desiguales, 3-10 cm de largo, suculentos, erectos a suberectos; sépalos linear-lanceolados, apice agudo a corto-apiculado, margen escarioso, 4.5-8.0 mm de largo; corola i.0-1.8 cm de largo, pétalos ova- dos a ovado-oblongos, sin alas, apice agudo, muy membranosos, + transparente cuando secos, recurvados, 8-12 mm de largo, conspicuamente fimbriados, los pelos de 1-3 mm de largo, los lébulos fusionados cerca de la base; estambres introrsos, 5-7 mm de largo, los filamentos ca. 3-5 mm de largo, + aplanados, las anteras de 2 mm de largo, sagitadas y agrandandose en la base; ovario elipsoide, sésil, 3-5 mm de largo; pistilo de 9-12 mm de largo, estilo cilindrico, lébulos del estigma hasta de 1 mm de largo, aplanados. El fruto una capsula indehiscente que eventualmente se rompe irregularmente, algo mas corta que el caliz, elipsoidal, 4-6 mm de largo, ca. 10-18 semillas, el estilo persistente rostrado; semillas orbiculares, ligeramente aplanadas dorsoventralmente, lisas, brillantes de 1.0-1.2 mm de largo. Nymphoides tndica es una planta acuatica comun en México, Centro y Sudameérica, y las Antillas. Habita aguas tranquilas o estancadas. Los tallos de plantas que crecen en aguas muy someras son considerablemente mas cortos; aparentemente, el largo del tallo esta determinado por la profundidad del agua donde vive. En la Peninsula de Yucatan se encuentra presente en la costa, ya sea en la region de los petenes donde aparece en aguadas estacionales (verano) o en lagunas. Florece durante los meses de verano y otono. 432 PET Ol. OG 1A volume 71(6):429-432 December 1991 Ejemplares examinados. Yucatan: 17 km E de Celestun, Lot & Novelo 2609 (MEXU). Campeche: Palizada, Matuda s/n, 07/1939 (MEXU); entre El Remate y Tancuché, Rico-Gray & Burgos 478 (XAL,YUC). Quintana Roo: Cabrera 4398 (MEXU); 10 km SE crucero de Chumpon, Duran & Olmsted $16 (CIQRO,XAL); Laguna Pitoro, Novelo 318 (MEXU). AGRADECIMIENTOS Agradezco a M. Palacios-Rios y a J.G. Garcia-Franco la revision del manu- scrito. Parte de este trabajo lo realizé el autor como investigador visitante en el Missouri Botanical Garden, con la ayuda de una beca postdoctoral otorgada por la Tinker Foundation. LITERATURA CITADA Correll, D.S. & H.B. Correll. 1975. Gentianaceae. En: Aguatic and Wetland Plants of the Southwestern United States. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California. pp. 1312-1331. Cronquist, A. 1968. Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants. Hough- ton Mifflin, Co., Boston, Massachusetts Elias, T.S. 1969. Menyanthaceae. En: Flora of Panama. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 56:29-32. Hutchinson, J. 1959. The Families of Flowering Plants. 2nd ed., 2 vols., Oxford University Press, London, U.K. Mason, H.L. 1957. A Flora of the Marshes of California. University of California Press, Berkeley, California. pp. 654-655. Ornduff, R. 1969. Neotropical Nymphoides (Menyanthaceae): Meso-American and West Indian species. Brittonia 21:346-352. Raven, P.H. & A.I. Axelrod. 1974. Angiosperm biogeography and past con- tinental movements. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 61:539-673. Sosa, V., J.S. Flores, V. Rico-Gray, R. Lira, & J.J. Ortiz: 1985. Lista floristica y sinonimia maya. En: Etnoflora Yucatanense, No. 1. INIREB, Xalapa, Ver., México. p. 225. Standley, P.C. & L.O. Williams. 1969. Gentianaceae. En: Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiana, Bot. 24(3):302-328. Phytologia (December 1991) 71(6):433-435. RUPPIACEAE DE LA PENINSULA DE YUCATAN, MEXICO Victor Rico-Gray Instituto de Ecologia, A.C., Apdo. Postal 63, Xalapa, Veracruz 91000 MEXICO RESUMEN Se presenta la descripcién de la familia Ruppiaceae para la Peninsula de Yucatan, México (Estados de Yucatan, Campeche, y Quintana Roo). Se describe taxonédmicamente a Ruppia maritima; se presenta infor- macion sobre su distribucion y ejemplares examinados. ABSTRACT A description of Ruppiaceae from the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico (states of Yucatan, Campeche, and Quintana Roo) is presented. A taxonomic description of Ruppia maritima, information about its dis- tribution and a list of specimens examined are presented. PALABRAS CLAVE (KEY WORDS): Ruppiaceae, Ruppia mar- ituma, Yucatan, Campeche, Quintana Roo, México INTRODUCCION Los miembros de la familia Ruppiaceae Hutchinson se caracterizan por ser hierbas perennes, acuaticas sumergidas en agua dulce a salina; tallo muy fino, su tamano varia con la profundidad del agua, simple o ramificado, terete, enrraizado en la base; hojas sumergidas, subopuestas o alternas, lineares o setaceas, enteras o ligeramente aserradas en el apice, uninervadas, agudas, ligeramente dilatadas y con una estipula envolvente en la base; pocas flores perfectas, pequenas, arregladas en espigas terminales que inicialmente estan cubiertas por la estipula que envuelve la base de la hoja, cuando se alargan lo 433 434 PHY TOLOGIA volume 71(6):433-435 December 1991 hacen hasta la superficie del agua; bracteas y perianto ausentes; 2 estambres opuestos, con filamentos muy cortos y anchos; 2 anteras sésiles, extrosas, 2 células reniformes separadas por el conectivo; ovario 4 carpelar, inicialmente sésil, tornandose estipitado; pistilos 4, cortos o largos; estigmas sésiles o en el fi- nal del estilo, peltados; un 6vulo que pende del apice del carpelo, campilotropo, placentacion parietal; el fruto oblicuo o simétrico, coronado por el estilo, in- dehiscente, situado en la punta de pedicelos largos y delgados, los pedicelos umbelados, enrrollandose después de la caida del fruto; semillas pendulares, sin endospermo, embridn curvo, ovoide (Correll & Correll 1975; Haynes & Wentz 1975; Mason 1957; Standley & Steyermark 1958). Es una familia ampliamente distribuida en zonas templadas y tropicales de ambos hemisferios, con un género, Ruppia, y alrededor de seis especies (Haynes & Wentz 1975). El origen de la familia se situa muy probablemente en el Paleoceno (Muller 1981). Es muy comun que se incluya al género Ruppia en las Potamogetonaceae, en este tratamiento se separa, ya que difiere de ellas por poseer dos estambres, no tener conectivo petaloideo y por la elongacion del estipe del ovario después de la antesis. Sdlo se reporta R. maritima L. para la Peninsula de Yucatan (Sosa et al. 1985). RUPPIA LL. Sa. Pk 27s ios. Con los caracteres de la familia. Ruppia maritima L., Sp. Pl. 127. 1753. Plantas acuaticas densamente ramificadas, de 0.6 a 1 m de largo. Rizoma 0.2-0.4 mm de ancho, internodos hasta 1.5 cm de largo. Tallo blanquecino a verde, erecto, hasta 1 m de largo y 0.3-0.6 mm de diametro. Hojas sumergi- das, alternas, lineares a casi filiformes, 2-10 cm de largo y ca. 0.56 mm de ancho, lamina de 0.2-1.0 mm de ancho, uninervada, el apice agudo con var- ios dientes diminutos; estipula envolvente de 6 a 14.5 mm de largo y 1.1 min de ancho, membranosa, la parte libre muy corta. Boton invernal ausente. Flores 2, desnudas, sobre pedunculos axilares finos envueltos por la base de la hoja cercana, durante la antesis el pedunculo puede permanecer corto o elongarse formando una espiral abierta y llevar a las flores a la superficie del agua, después de la polinizacion los pedunculos elongados pueden enrollarse nuevamente sumergiendo a las estructuras florales; estambres sin filamento, deciduos tempranamente, de 0.5-0.7 mm de largo y 0.5-0.6 mm de ancho; an- teras 2, sésiles, bicelulares; 4-5 carpelos ovoides, usualmente gibosos y algo oblicuos, 0.5-2.0 mm de largo y ca. 0.1 mm de ancho; estilos 4, cortos y ro- bustos o algo atenuados, rectos o uncinados; estigmas peltados, sésiles. Frutos 1.2-1.9 mm de largo y 0.7-1.2 mm de ancho, estipe pedicelado de la nuececilla negra de 2.0-6.5 mm de largo y ca. 0.2-0.4 mm de ancho. Rico-Gray: Ruppiaceae de Ja peninsula de Yucatan 435 Ruppia maritima habita aguas saladas y salobres en todo el mundo. Es una importante fuente de alimento y proteccion para infinidad de aves acuaticas e invertebrados. En la Peninsula de Yucatan se encuentra presente en la costa formando grandes masas sumergidas en agua somera, principalmente en la zona de los petenes o en lagunas salobres estacionales. Ejemplares examinados. Yucatan: Rio Lagartos, Lot & Novelo 860(MEXU); camino Sisal-Chuburna, Rico-Gray & Rangel 283 (XAL,YUC). Campeche: Laguna de Atasta, Menéndez 472 (MEXU,XAL); Los Petenes mpio. de Calkini, Narvdez & Rico-Gray 244 (XAL,YUC). Quintana Roo: Sian Ka’an, Duran & Olmsted (ver Duran y Olmsted 1987). AGRADECIMIENTOS Agradezco a M. Palacios-Rios y a J.G. Garcia-Franco la revision del manu- scrito. Parte de este trabajo lo realizé el autor como investigador visitante en el Missouri Botanical Garden, con la ayuda de una beca postdoctoral otorgada por la Tinker Foundation. LITERATURA CITADA Correll, D.S. & H.B. Correll. 1975. Ruppiaceae. En: Aquatic and Wetland Plants of the Southwestern United States. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California. p. 123. Duran, R. & I. Olmsted. 1987. Listado Floristico de la Reserva de Sian Kaan. Amigos de Sian Ka“an, Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo. Haynes, R.R. & W.A. Wentz. 1975. Potamogetonaceae. En: Flora of Panama. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 62:1-10. Mason, H.L. 1957. A Flora of the Marshes of California. University of California Press, Berkeley, California. p. 878. Muller, J. 1981. Fossil pollen records of extant angiosperms. Bot. Rev. 47:1-142. Sosa, V., J.S. Flores, V. Rico-Gray, R. Lira, & J.J. Ortiz. 1985. Lista floristica y sinonimia maya. En: Etnoflora Yucatanense, No. 1. INIREB, Xalapa, Ver., México. p. 225. Standley, P.C. & J.A. Steyermark. 1958. Potamogetonaceae. En: Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiana, Bot. 24(1):68-73. Phytologia (December 1991) 71(6):436-439. TYPHACEAE DE LA PENINSULA DE YUCATAN, MEXICO Victor Rico-Gray Instituto de Ecologia, A.C., Apdo. Postal 63, Xalapa, Veracruz 91000 MEXICO RESUMEN Se presenta la descripcion de la familia Typhaceae para la Peninsula de Yucatan, México (Estados de Yucatan, Campeche, y Quintana Roo). Se describe taxondmicamente a Typha domingensis; se presenta infor- macion sobre su distribucion y ejemplares examinados. ABSTRACT A description of Typhaceae from the Yucatan Peninsula of México (states of Yucatan, Campeche, and Quintana Roo) is presented. A taxonomic description of Typha domingensis, information about its dis- tribution and a list of specimens examined are presented. PALABRAS CLAVE (KEY WORDS): Typhaceae, Typha domin- gensis, Yucatan, Campeche, Quintana Roo, México INTRODUCCION Los miembros de la familia Typhaceae Juss. se caracterizan por ser hierbas acuaticas o que crecen en suelos muy himedos, perennes, con rizoma reptante; tallo simple, erecto, sin nudos; hojas arregladas disticamente, enteras, sésiles, lineares, venacién paralela, glabras, envolviendo la base del tallo, planas en el haz y convexas en el envés; plantas monoicas, sin envoltura floral propia, agrupadas densamente al final del tallo en espigas largas y cilindricas, las flores estaminadas en la parte superior del pedunculo, las pistiladas en la inferior; la inflorescencia masculina es terminal y puede estar separada o contigua a la 436 Rico-Gray: Typhaceae de la peninsula de Yucatan 437 femenina, usualmente al inicio de la antesis cada espiga esta subtenida por una fugaz bractea espatacea; flores estaminadas con 1-7 estambres insertados direc- tamente en el eje y entremezclados con pelos largos o finas bracteas, filamentos cortos o largos, libres o connados, anteras lineares u oblongas, basifijas, bicelu- lares, dehiscentes longitudinalmente, el conectivo un acumen conico carnoso, polen simple o compuesto; flores pistiladas ebracteoladas o entremezcladas con finas bracteas claveladas o espatuladas, generalmente entremezcladas con flores pistiladas abortivas, los pedicelos provistos de finas cerdas ascendentes o dis- persas que formardan la pelusa del fruto, ginoforo delgado, perianto compuesto por varios pelos delicados, sedosos, simples o claveados; ovario superior, usual- mente unicelular, mas o menos estipitado, fusiforme, con un dvulo anatropo, solitario, pendular; estilo elongado, delgado, erecto, usualmente persistente; estigma linear, espatulado o rombico-fusiforme, unilateral; los frutos nuece- cillas muy pequenas, subsésiles o con largos estipites, fusiformes o elipsoides, con pericarpio membranoso o coriaceo, dehiscente longitudinalmente; semi- llas subcilindricas o angostadamente elipsoides, testa delgada, membranosa, endospermo carnoso o farinoso, embrién cilindrico, recto (Correll & Correll 1975; Mason 1957; Standley & Steyermark 1958; Woodson & Schery 1943). Se considera que la familia Typhaceae se originé en el Paleoceno (Muller 1981), presenta alrededor de nueve especies y amplia distribucion en el mundo (Raven & Axelrod 1974). En México tenemos a Typha domingensis Pers. y a T. latifolia L., la primera se distribuye en las zonas costeras a baja altitud, y, la segunda, a altitudes mayores a los 1,200 m.s.n.m. Sosa et al. (1985) mencionan para la Peninsula de Yucatan la presencia de Typha angustifolia L. y de T. domingensis. En este trabajo sdlo se considerara la presencia de T. domingensis en la Peninsula de Yucatan, ya que la primera se distribuye mas al norte en el hemisferio (Standley & Steyermark 1958). PVPHPA WS op: rk Oil. 153: Con los mismos caracteres de la familia. Typha domingensis Pers., Syn. Pl. 2:532. 1807. Typha truzillensis H.B.K., Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1:82. 1815. Nombre comun: Espadana, enea, poop, puj, tul, tule. Hierba robusta, 2-4 m de altura, el centro del tallo blanco. Hojas 6-10, usualmente planas en el haz y convexas en el envés, amarillo-verdoso a verde palido, sdlidas. 0 coriaceas, 7-20 mm de ancho, generalmente mas cortas que la inflorescencia. Inflorescencia estaminada de 10-20 cm de largo, el eje provisto de pelos moreno-rojizo, éstos usualmente ramificados, dilatados en el apice, las 438 PHY TO LOG TA volume 71(6):436-439 December 1991 ramificaciones recurvadas; estambres en filamentos ramificados, entremezcla- dos con bracteas lineares, cuneadas, de color moreno; polen amarillo dorado, simple, unicelular, ocasionalmente en pares. La inflorescencia estaminada esta separada de la pistilada por 5-6 cm. Las espigas pistiladas color moreno claro, de 15-25 cm de largo y 1.5-2.5 cm de diametro, incrementandose su grosor conforme avanza la maduracion de los frutos; los pedicelos de 0.5-0.8 mm de largo; las flores fértiles con un estigma deciduo, linear, moreno claro, en- tremezclados con numerosas bracteolas romboides-, obcordadas-, obovadas-, o eliptico-espatuladas, casi del mismo largo que los pelos; flores estériles con ovarios abortivos obovoides, mas largos que los ovarios funcionales, con estilos rudimentarios cortos, pelos simples, igeramente engrosados, espatulados en el apice moreno, mas cortos que los estigmas; el raquis de las flores pistiladas maduras desnudo, delgado, 3.0-4.5 mm de grueso, endurecido simplemente por los pedicelos rigidos, cortos. Typha domingensis se distribuye ampliamente en el Continente Americano, desde el norte de los Estados Unidos hasta Sudamérica. En la Peninsula de Yucatan, se encuentra presente en la costa, ya sea en los petenes o asociada a manglares y, en el interior, en casi cualquier aguada permanente o estacional, o en los cenotes abiertos. Habita en suelos himedos o inundados de los bordes de rios, estanques, lagunas, y zonas pantanosas dulceacuicolas o ligeramente salobres, desde el nivel del mar hasta los 50 m.s.n.m. Florece y fructifica en septiembre-marzo. Ejemplares examinados. Yucatan: Celestun, Chan 183 (XAL,YUC); 10 km inland from Celestun, Darwin & White 2199 (F,MO,NO); San Benito, Espejel 567(XAL,YUC); Pro- greso, Rico-Gray 369 (F,YUC); San Felipe, Rico-Gray 656 (YUC); 4 km S of Progreso, Utley 42 (F). Campeche: Yohaltun, Chan 229 (XAL,YUC); Chunchintok, Chan 2031 (XAL,YUC); 1 km de Chunchintok-Xmaben, Géngora 215 (XAL,YUC); La Tuxpena, Lundell 1322(F); entre Sabancuy y Escarcega, Menéndez 493(MEXU, XAL); Palizada, Menéndez 588 (MEXU,MO,XAL); camino El Remate-Punta Arena, Rico-Gray 216 (F,XAL,YUC). Quintana Roo: Isla Mujeres, Flores 8415 (XAL,YUC); Coba, Narvdez 283 (XAL,YUC); Ingenio Alvaro Obregon, Téllez 1689 (MEXU). AGRADECIMIENTOS Agradezco a M. Palacios-Rios y a J.G. Garcia-Franco la revision del manu- scrito. Parte de este trabajo lo realizo el autor como investigador visitante en el Missouri Botanical Garden, con la ayuda de una beca postdoctoral otorgada por la Tinker Foundation. Rico-Gray: Typhaceae de Ja peninsula de Yucatan 439 LITERATURA CITADA Correll, D.S. & H.B. Correll. 1975. Typhaceae. En: Aquatic and Wetland Plants of the Southwestern United States. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California. p. 89. Mason, H.L. 1957. A Flora of the Marshes of California. University of California Press, Berkeley, California. pp. 36-43. Muller, J. 1981. Fossil pollen records of extant angiosperms. Bot. Rev. 47:1-142. Raven, P.H. & D.L. Axelrod. 1974. Angiosperm biogeography and past continental movements. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 61:539-673. Sosa, V., J.S. Flores, V. Rico-Gray, R. Lira, & J.J. Ortiz. 1985. Lista floristica y sinonimia maya. En: Etnoflora Yucatanense, No. 1. INIREB, Xalapa, Ver., México. p. 225. Standley, P.C. & J.A. Steyermark. 1958. Typhaceae. En: Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiana, Bot. 24(1):63-67. Woodson, Jr., R.E. & R.W. Schery. 1943. Typhaceae. En: Flora of Panama. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 30:3. Phytologia (December 1991) 71(6):440-444. NOTES ON NEOTROPICAL ORCHIDACEAE Eric A. Christenson 1646 Oak Street, Sarasota, Florida, 34236 U.S.A. ABSTRACT Examination of the type specimen of Dendrobium mezicanum Presl shows the name to be synonymous with the widespread Eulophia alta (L.) Fawe. & Rendle. Homalopetalum costaricensis Schltr. is neotypi- fied and placed in the synonymy of H. pumilio (Reichb. f.) Schltr. to- gether with H. lehmanniana (Kraenzl.) Schltr. Anthocyanin free forms of Bollea violacea (Lindley) Reichb. f. and Oncidium lanceanum Lindley are described. The combination Rodriguezia candida (Lindley) E.A. Christenson is made. KEY WORDS: Orchidaceae, Bollea, Dendrobium, Eulophia, Homa- lopetalum, Oncidium, Rodriguezia, taxonomy BOLLEA Bollea violacea (Lindley) Reichb. f. forma alba E.A. Christenson, forma nov. TYPE: FRENCH GUIANA. photo. exhort. C. Pavilowski (AMES). A forma typica floribus albis differt. Bollea violacea is a lowland species distributed from Venezuela to Brasil and is known from all three of the Guianas. The flowers are typically a muddy violet. Bollea violacea f. alba bears white flowers with a cream colored callus. A second, earlier collection of this form from French Guiana is probably represented at P by Sagot 1141 (“flos album”). 440 Christenson: Notes on Neotropical Orchidaceae 441 EULOPHIA Frequently, early names in the Orchidaceae are difficult to place among currently accepted taxa. Elucidation of early names, however, is necessary if stable nomenclature is to be achieved. Nomenclatural problems are aggra- vated by binomials “lost” in genera long excluded from floristic zones, those not generally considered during modern floristic work, and in monographs of unrelated genera. One example is the genus Dendrobium Sw., a genus now considered to be wholly paleotropical. Among the Neotropical taxa described in Dendrobium prior to its modern circumscription is Dendrobium mezicanum Presl. The binomial was overlooked by previous orchid researchers working on the floras of México and Mesoamer- ica (qg.v., Williams 1951, 1956). Examination of the holotype of Dendrobium mezicanum Pres] at Prague shows it to be the ubiquitous Neotropical terrestrial Eulophia alta (L.) Fawc. & Rendle. The Dendrobium name has not been considered in recent treatments of E. alta (e.g., Dodson & Vasquez 1989; Hamer 1985). It is reduced to synonymy here: Eulophia alta (L.) Fawc. & Rendle, Fl. Jam. 1:112. 1910. BASIONYM: Limodorum alta L., Syst. Pl., ed. 12, 2:594. 1767. Dendrobium mexicanum Presl, Rel. Haerkeanae 102. 1830. HOLO- TYPE: MEXICO. Haenke s.n. (PR!). Eulophia alta is widespread both in Africa and from Florida to southern South America in the Neotropics. For its extensive synonymy, not repeated here, see, for example, Cribb (1989) or Garay & Sweet (1974). A photograph of the holotype of Dendrobium mezicanum has been deposited in the Orchid Herbarium of Oakes Ames (AMES) at Harvard University. HOMALOPETALUM Homalopetalum pumilio (Reichb. f.) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19:48. 1923. BASIONYM: Brassavola pumilio Reichb. f., Lin- naea 18:402. 1844. TYPE: MEXICO. Leibold s.n. (C). Bletia pumilio (Reichb. f.) Reichb. f., Ann. Bot. Syst. 6:433. 1862. Pinelia pumilio (Reichb. f.) Schltr., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36:478. 1918. Pinelia lehmanniana Kraenzl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26(5):479. 1899. TYPE: COLOMBIA. circa Tunia et el Hatico, 1600-1800 m, Leh- mann 6104 (AMES [10372, 14614]; GH [4263]; NY). Restrepia lehmanniana (Kraenzl.) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 3:277. 1907. Homalopetalum lehmanniana (Kraenzl.) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19:48. 1923. 442 Pen YT OPO sGicA. volume 71(6):440-444 December 1991 Homalopetalum costaricense Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19:47. 1923. TYPE: COSTA RICA. La Palma, Werckle 94 B (destroyed). NEOTYPE (here designated): COSTA RICA. San Pedro de San Ramon, 1200 m, 27 Apr 1923, Brenes 2963 (246) (NY). Pinelia tuerckhetmu Kraenzl., Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 44:326. 1930. TYPE: GUATEMALA. Coban, ca. 1450 m, Tuerckheim $2. The genus Homalopetalum appears to comprise four species: H. pachy- phyllum (L.O. Wms.) Dressler and H. pumilum (Ames) Dressler confined to México; H. vomeriforme (Reichb. f.) Fawc. & Rendle, endemic to Jamaica; and H. pumilio (Reichb. f.) Schltr., ranging from México to Ecuador. Homa- lopetalum pumilo differs from the closely related H. vomeriforme by having a pair of prominent keels at the base of the labellum and by having an expanded labellum significantly wider than the tepals, unlike the proportionately narrow labellum similar to the tepals in H. vomeriforme. Traditionally thought to be confined to Mesoamerica, the range of Homa- lopetalum pumilo was extended to Ecuador by Dodson & Dodson (1984) based on Dalstrom $85 (SEL!). At that time they listed the range of H. pumilio to include Colombia without citation of specimens. The only Homa- lopetalum species previously recorded from Colombia had been H. lehmanniana (Kraenzl.) Schltr., based on Pinelia lehmanniana Kraenzl. Examination of an isotype (Lehmann 6104 NY!) shows the Colombian plants to be identical to H. pumalio, confirming published distribution records. The name Homalopetalum costaricensis Schltr. has been difficult to place with certainty due to the destruction of the holotype at Berlin and the ap- parent lack of any isotype or other authentic material. After examining all specimens of Homalopetalum from Costa Rica, I am unable to identify any material that differs from H. pumilio. The minor differences cited in the pro- tologue for H. costaricensis are within the variation accepted in H. pumilio. I take this opportunity to neotypify Schlechter’s taxon based on a Brenes col- lection. Schlechter worked extensively with Brenes collections (q.v., Barringer 1986) and the designated neotype was identified as H. costaricensis by Brenes. It is not known if Schlechter saw a duplicate of this Brenes collection, however. It should be noted that the Indez Kewensis cites later places of publication for Homalopetalum lehmanniana and H. pumilio. ONCIDIUM Oncidium lanceanum Lindley forma aureum E.A. Christenson, forma nov. TYPE: FRENCH GUIANA. photo. erhort. C. Pavilowski (AMES). A forma typica floribus aureis differt. Christenson: Notes on Neotropical Orchidaceae 443 Oncidium lanceanum is garishly colored, having yellow tepals overlaid with brown spotting, contrasted with a purple labellum. Previously, only one color variation was recognized, O. lanceanum var. louvresianum Reichb. f., distin- guished by its white labellum midlobe on an otherwise normally colored flower. Oncidium lanceanum {. aureum represents a clone completely devoid of antho- cyanin in the flowers; the tepals are yellow and the labellum is pure white. Because orchids devoid of normal anthocyanins are choice horticultural sub- jects, this rare color form is given formal nomenclatural designation. The aureum form has been illustrated in L’Orchidophile (84:196. 1987). RODRIGUEZIA Rodriguezia candida (Lindley) E.A. Christenson, comb. nov. BASIONYM: Burlingtonia candida Lindley, Bot. Reg. 23: t. 1927. 1837. TYPE: GUYANA. Demerara, Colley ez hort. Bateman s.n. (K). Rodriguezia candida Bateman ez Lindley, Bot. Reg. 23: sub t. 1927. 1837, nom. invalid. This showy species from Brasil, Venezuela, and the Guianas has been con- sistently called Rodriguezia candida Bateman ez Lindley (g.v., Dunsterville & Garay 1979; Foldats 1970). That name, published as a synonym of Burling- tonia candida Lindley, is an invalid name contrary to Article 34 of the Jn- ternational Code of Botanical Nomenclature. However, as an invalid name, Rodriguezia candida Bateman ez Lindley has no nomenclatural standing and thus does not preclude the combination made here (i.e., R. candida [Lindley] E.A. Christenson is not a homonym). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank the herbarium and library staffs at AMES, CAY, MO, NY, and PR for courtesies extended during my visits. In particular, I thank C. Pavilowski, President of the Societe Guyanaise d’Orchidophilie, for freely sharing his orchid knowledge and kindly donating color photographs for documentation. LITERATURE CITED Barringer, K.A. 1986. Typification of Schlechter’s Costa Rican Orchidaceae I. Types collected by A. Brenes. Fieldiana (Bot.) 17:1-24. 444 PHY FOrnsOoG FA volume 71(6):440-444 December 1991 Cribb, P. 1989. Orchidaceae (Part 3). Jn: R.M. Polhill (Ed.), Flora of Tropical East Africa. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Dodson, C.H. & P.M. Dodson. 1984. Homalopetalum pumilio. Ic. Pl. Trop., ser. I, pl. 926. Dodson, C. & R. Vasquez. 1989. Eulophia alta. Ic. Pl. Trop., ser. II, pl. 233. Dunsterville, G.C.K. & L.A. Garay. 1979. Orchids of Venezuela, an II- lustrated Field Guide. Botanical Museum, Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Massachusetts. Foldats, E. 1970. Orchidaceae. Jn: T. Lasser (Ed.), Fl. de Venezuela, vol. 15. Garay, L.A. & H.R. Sweet. 1974. Orchidaceae. Jn: R.A. Howard (Ed.), Flora of the Lesser Antilles. Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plain, Mas- sachusetts. Hamer, F. 1985. Eulophia alta. Ic. Pl. Trop., ser. I, pl. 1222. Willams, L.O. 1951. The Orchidaceae of Mexico. Ceiba 2:1-321. Williams, L.O. 1956. An enumeration of the Orchidaceae of Central America, British Honduras, and Panama. Ceiba 5:1-256. Phytologia (December 1991) 71(6):445-452. NEW SPECIES OF MEXICAN PHACELIA, SUBGENUS COSMANTHUS (HYDROPHYLLACEAE) B.L. Turner Department of Botany, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78713 U.S.A. ABSTRACT Three new Mexican species of Phacelia are described: P. altotonga, P. carmenensis, and P. neffii, from Veracruz, Coahuila, and Nuevo Leén, respectively. All belong to the subgenus Cosmanthus. Phaceltia carmenensis and P. neffii are annuals and relate to the Texas complex centering about the annual species P. patuliflora and P. strictiflora; P. altotonga relates to the perennial species, P. pulcherrima and P. zaragozana, both of which appear related to the widespread perennial species, P. platycarpa. A key and distributional map of the seven or more species of subgenus Cosmanthus occurring in northeastern México is presented, and an illustration of P. neffit is provided. KEY WORDS: Phacelia, Hydrophyllaceae, Cosmanthus, Mexico Routine identification of Mexican plants has revealed the following novel- ties. Phacelia altotonga B. Turner, sp. nov. TYPE: MEXICO. Veracruz: Mpio. Altotonga, Chaltepec, “Orilla de camino ...crece en lugares humedo abundante,” 1750 m, 4 Apr 1970, F. Ventura A. 818 (HOLOTYPE: TEX!; Isotypes: F, MEXU, MICH, NY). Phaceliae zaragozanae B. Turner similis sed racemis erectis pau- ciflorioribus, sepalis majoribus (2-3 mm latis vs. 1-2 mm), et an- theris majoribus (ca. 1.5 mm longis vs. 1.0 mm) ac flavis (vs. pur- pureis) differt. Perennial herb to 35 cm high. Stems very sparsely hirsute, the trichomes mostly 1-2 mm long, flattened. Basal (rosette) leaves 12-16 cm long; petioles 8-10 cm long; blades 3-5 parted, the terminal lobe deltoid in outline, 3-5 445 446 PHY.T50: 530°C EA volume 71(6):445-452 December 1991 cm wide, 3-5 cm long, the margins irregularly lobate-dentate. Stem leaves much reduced, petiolate. Inflorescence an erect subscorpioid raceme with 10- 12 flowers. Pedicels erect at first but recurved at maturity, densely short puberulent, among this vestiture a smattering of short glandular trichomes and much longer, stiffly hirsute, hairs. Sepals (at anthesis, separate or nearly so, 6-7 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, pubescent with spreading flat trichomes 1-2 mm long, not at all glandular; with age the sepals enlarging to ca. 11 mm long, but not much exceeding 3 mm in width. Corollas reportedly white, rotate- campanulate, 8-9 mm high, 10-12 mm wide, the margins seemingly crenulate, the lobes ca. 6 mm wide and 5-6 mm long. Stamens 5; filaments 8-9 mm long, pilose for ca. 2/3 their length; anthers ca. 1.5 mm long, yellow. Ovary pilose with erect hairs; style 6-7 mm long, mostly glabrous, a few pilose hairs at the base. Fruit (immature) with 4 ovules (2 to each cell). The type was cited as belonging to Phacelia platycarpa (Cav.) Spreng. by Nash (1979). The latter species is readily distinguished from P. altotonga by its many parted leaves (lobes 7-15 or more), shorter racemes with fewer flowers borne on eglandular peduncles, smaller, more densely pilose, sepals, and capsules with mostly 8-12 ovules. Phacelia altotonga is much closer to P. pulcherrima Constance and P. zaragozana B. Turner than it is to P. platycarpa, all of the aforementioned taxa possessing similar 3-5 lobed leaves, elongate, many flowered racemes and similar habits, and they probably relate to the P. platycarpa subgroup as de- fined by Gillett (1968). The following, relatively simple, key will distinguish among Mexican species of Phacelia, subgenus Cosmanthus, as treated by Constance (1949), and those described since: De ADMUALS. 264.0150 oie em sbi ante bees eds nanan een rrr (2) I. Perennials: .Woisivecssicccsseceves tice czas let One (4) 2. Pedicels, in part, glandular pubescent; petioles of basal leaves 3-5 times as long as the dissected blade. .......92:h..0e.ese% P. neffir 2. Pedicels not glandular pubescent; petioles of basal leaves 2-3 times as long as the dissected blade. ... ..... ... «.\: Shassioecsyciew ys Sides "= sisneisie ciao P. pulcherrima 5. Capsules with 4-8(-12) seeds; sepals, with age, 1-3 mm wide; Nuevo Leon, Vamanipas, Queretaro, Werdcnuzer.- or... «tennessee ste ote ive loalaloler (6) 6. Sepals 2-3 mm wide; anthers ca. 1.5 mm long, yellow; Veracruz. Raye HOE alas aan he SR ca VE Soe aeds oo wkatets oases ieictciauanare eeuero ie P. altotonga 6. Sepals 1-2 mm wide; anther ca. 1 mm long, purple; Nuevo Leon, Queretaro, Hidalgo, ‘Tamanlipas.9 2.222022 ee P. zaragozana The distribution of the above keyed taxa in northeastern México is shown in Fig. 2. It is noteworthy that this area of México has proven exception- ally rich in species of the subgenus Cosmanthus. When Constance (1949) treated the latter he recognized fourteen species, most of these occurring in the southeastern U.S.A. With description of the several new species proposed here, the section now contains eighteen species, five of these largely confined to northeastern México, where perhaps additional taxa will be discovered as the more difficult mountain terrain of this area becomes better botanized. In- deed, it seems likely that the relatively poorly differentiated, mostly annual or biennial species, of the southeastern U.S.A. were derived from the perennial, more montane species of Mexico, much as surmized by Constance (1949, p. 12) who noted “[Phacelia, subgenus Cosmanthus| species 14, from the high- lands of Guatemala and Mexico north and east into the eastern half of the United States, primarily by way of the Appalachian and Ozarkian mountain systems.” A perceptive remark, and this is attested to by the several species described here, which I take to be localized relict species along this phyletic trek, the taxa concerned possessing characteristics which link the more north- eastern species with those of México and, of course, occupy an intermediate geographical position. Phacelia carmenensis B. Turner, sp. nov. TYPE: MEXICO. Coahuila: Sierra Madera del Carmen, Cafion El Dos, rhyolitic soils, 0.5-1.0 mi above (and west of) junction with Canon El Oso (28° 59’ N x 102° 35’ W), 1950-2050 m, 3 Apr 1974, T. Wendt, E. Lott, & D. Riskind 127H (HOLOTYPE: TEX). Phaceliae neffiit B. Turner similis sed differt racemis nonscor- pioideis floribus 3-8, pedunculis eglandulosis, et corollis rotati- campanulatis 8-10 mm latis. Annual herbs 10-12 cm high, the lower portions with procumbent lateral stems, the whole plant wider than high. Stems moderately pubescent with 448 PHYTOLOGTA volume 71(6):445-452 December 1991 flattened spreading trichomes, the latter 0.5-1.5 mm long. Basal leaves not clearly persistent as a rosette, varying from pinnately (3)5 parted to simple and lobed, 4-8 cm long; petioles of basal leaves 1.5-3.0 cm Jong, the leaves gradually reduced upwards along the upper stems, but never sessile; terminal portion of blade broadly ovate in outline with mostly 3-5 obtuse lobes. Inflorescence with only 3-8 flowers, weakly scorpioid, if at all, the peduncles 1-2 cm long, pilose, eglandular, recurved in fruit. Calyx in bud 5-6 mm high, not much enlarging in fruit, the lobes narrowly lanceolate, sparsely pilose, the apices acute to somewhat obtuse. Corollas rotate-campanulate, 8-10 mm across, ca. 7 mm high, pale lavender upon drying; lobes 2-3 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, the margins entire or nearly so. Stamens ca. 4 mm long, pilose for ca. 1/2 their length, the anthers creamy white. Style ca. 4 mm long, the branches ca. 2 mm long. Capsules moderately pilose, ca. 4 mm in diameter; seeds (immature) ca. 8 per capsule. ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED: MEXICO. Coahuila: Sierra Madera del Carmen, El Uno road, in canyon just below first wooden bridge, NE of Laguna Peak (29° 01’ 30” N x 102° 31' 30” W), 1550 m, 4 Apr 1974, T. Wendt et al. 182K (TEX). Both collections reportedly occurred in mesic oak woodlands, those at the type locality with Quercus rugosa Née and Q. hypoleucoides A. Camus, the other collection with Q. glaucoides Mart. & Gal. The type specimen has mostly pinnately divided leaves while the paratype has mostly simple leaves, otherwise the collections are seemingly identical. Phacelia carmenensis resembles P. neffii in habit and vegetative characters but is readily distinguished by its much smaller corollas, weakly scorpioid, few flowered racemes and eglandular pedicels. Phacelia neffii B. Turner, sp. nov. Fig. 1. TYPE: MEXICO. Nuevo Leon: Monterrey, abundant on talus slopes above hotel Chipinque, 18 Mar 1987, J. Neff & Beryl Simpson s.n. (HOLOTYPE: TEX; Isotype: MEXU). Phaceliae patuliflorae (Engelm. & Gray) A. Gray similis sed dif- fert foliis basalibus simplicibus, petiolis laminis 2-3 plo longioribus, et corollis late rotatis 16-20 mm latisque. Annual herb 10-15 cm high. Midstems moderately pubescent with flattened trichomes, the latter mostly 1.0-1.5 mm long; upper stems and branches of inflorescence with a shorter, more abundant, hirsutulous vestiture, among this a few, scattered, glandular hairs. Basal leaves 4-7 cm long, the petioles 3-5 cm long, longer than the blade portion, pubescent like the stems; stem leaves like the basal, but markedly reduced upwards, the petioles 0.3-3.0 cm long; blades mostly flabellate and lobed, rarely 3 parted, sparsely appressed pubescent ' Turner: New species of Phacelia from México 449 Fig.1. Phacelia neffii, from holotype. December 1991 volume 71(6):445-452 PHYTOLOGTA 450 PHACELIA @ allotonga @ carmencaosis O neffii O patuliflora var, patuliflora @ pawulifiora var. teucriifolia oO platycarpa A pulcherrima Q zaragozana Fig. 2. Distributrion of Phacelia, subgenus Cosmanthus, in northeastern Mexico. Turner: New species of Phacelia from México 451 above and below, glabrate above with age. Inflorescence of well developed scorpioid racemes, the lower peduncles ascending, rarely arcuate, 10-15 mm long. Calyx ca. 6 mm long in bud, elongating in fruit (immature calyces to 9 mm long); lobes linear-lanceolate, 1-3 nervate, the apices acute. Flowers 16-20 mm across, the corollas reportedly pale blue to white, pale greenish yellow within the throat, the lobes 7-8 mm long, 9-10 mm wide, the margins somewhat undulate. Stamens ca. 8 mm long, pubescent nearly throughout, the anthers yellow. Styles 7-8 mm long, the branches 3-4 mm long, pubescent like the filaments. Capsules immature, the young ovary apically densely hispid with erect hairs, the latter 1-2 mm long. Because of its annual habit, flattened trichomes on the lower stems, and markedly developed petioles, this species will not key in the treatment of Constance (1949). It appears to combine characters of the widespread, highly variable, Phacelia platycarpa, (e.g., flattened hairs) and P. patuliflora (e.g., annual habit and glandular pubescence). I also include in Phacelia neffii the following collection: MEXICO. Nuevo Leén: Ojo de Agua, 4 mi NE of Sabinas Hidalgo, in rich loam, 17 Mar 1962, Rivas et al. 8109(TEX), although the description above is taken entirely from type material. The Rivas et al. collection differs in being a more luxuriant form with larger leaves, presumably due to its growth in rich loam (vs. talus slopes). It should be noted that Constance (1949) cited a specimen of P. patuliflora var. patuliflora from Monterrey, México collected by Canby et al. 167 (US) that might apply to this taxon. Unfortunately, material of that specimen was not among the Mexican material which was received on loan from US. The species is named for its collector Dr. Jack Neff, expert on the bees of México, and consort of Dr. Beryl Simpson, Chairperson, Dept. of Botany, University of Texas, Austin. Andrena candida Smith, a bee previously reported from the western U.S.A. and Baja California, but not reported for northeastern México or Texas, was collected from the type population of Phaceha neffu (information provided by J. Neff). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am grateful to Guy Nesom for the Latin diagnoses, to him and Andrew McDonald for reviewing the paper. Nancy Webber provided the illustration. LITERATURE CITED Constance, L. 1949. A revision of Phacelia subgenus Cosmanthus (Hy- drophyllaceae). Contr. Gray Herb. 168:3-48. 452 PHY T OPOGTA volume 71(6):445-452 December 1991 Gillett, G.W. 1968. Systematic relationships in the Cosmanthus phacelias (Hydrophyllaceae). Brittonia 20:368-374. Nash, Dorothy L. 1979. Hydrophyllaceae, in Flora de Veracruz 5:1-37. Phytologia (December 1991) 71(6):453-455. LECTOTYPIFICATION OF CASSIA OCCIDENTALIS LINNAEUS (CAESALPINIACEAE) James L. Reveal Department of Botany, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-5815 U.S.A. ABSTRACT Numerous authors have attempted to propose a lectotype for Cassia occidentalis Linnaeus (Caesalpiniaceae), but none has been successful. The name is here lectotypified on Herb. Clifford 159 Cassia no. 7 (BM!) numbered “10”, the sheet in flower and annotated Senna occidentalis by Irwin and Barneby in 1980. KEY WORDS: Cassia, Senna, Fabaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, coffee senna, nomenclature Senna occidentalis (Linnaeus) Link (Caesalpiniaceae) is a New World na- tive found from the tropics northward to the southeastern United States; it is weedy throughout much of the paleotropics. It is commonly called “coffee senna”, its seeds being used as a coffee substitute in many different regions of the world (Irwin & Barneby 1982). There have been repeated, unsuccessful attempts to typify Cassia occiden- talis Linnaeus (1753: 377), the basionym. These are reviewed more or less in order: Fawcett & Rendle (1920: 104) noted the existence of material in the Clifford herbarium and the Linnaean herbarium, but made no choice of a type. De Wit (1956: 257) designated Browne s.n. (528.13, LINN!) as the holotype and this would have been a valid lectotypification according to Art. 8.3 of the present Code (Greuter et al. 1988) had the Browne specimen been original material or a valid neotypification if no original material existed. As the Browne specimen was not in Linnaeus’ possession until 1758, it could not be designated a lectotype. Symon (1966: 88) apparently attempted to follow de Wit with a reference to a “Holotype in LINN (not seen).” Larsen et al. (1980: 93), without reference to de Wit, considered 528.13 as ”Type”. 453 454 PHY TOLOGIA volume 71(6):453-455 December 1991 Brenan (1967: 78) and Ali (1973: 17) regarded a plant in the Clifford herbarium to be a “syntype” and neither made any reference to any one of the four specimens associated with Linnaeus’ name. Irwin & Barneby (1982: 436) followed Brenan and regarded an undesignated specimen as the “Lec- toholotypus.” Barneby had annotated two of the four specimens as Senna occidentalis. Gordon-Gray (1977: 85) indicated that a syntype of Cassia occidentalis was a garden specimen in the Clifford Herbarium (BM). Wijnands (1983: 60) appears to interpret her action as a lectotypification of C. occidentalis on the sterile specimen, possibly from the Clifford estate, found in Stockholm (164.13, S), which cannot now be identified as to species. Linnaeus certainly examined the Stockholm sheet, but as he never annotated it with a specific epithet or Species Plantarum number, it cannot be considered original material. Wijnands (1983: 60) neotypified Cassia occidentalis on the Patrick Browne specimen at LINN (528.13), but as authentic material exists at BM, a neotype is not in order. Rechinger (1986: 4) indicated that the “Typus” was a “planta quaedam culta, BM-CLIFF.” without designating a particular specimen. McVaugh (1987: 97) indicated that “the lectotype was from a cultivated plant originally from Jamaica” and was to be found in the Clifford Herbarium. None of the specimens of concern here is so marked, and thus he did not designate one of them as the lectotype. Rudd (1991: 75) considered the “Type” to be “Hort. Cliff. 159, Cassza no. 7 (BM-Cliff.)”, but as she did not designate which of the four sheets associated with this reference, a valid Art. 8.3 lectotypification was not accomplished. Accordingly, I hereby lectotypify Cassia occidentalis on Herb. Clifford 159 Cassia no. 7 (BM!) numbered “10”, the sheet is in flower and was annotated Senna occidentalis by Irwin and Barneby in 1980. Cassia occidentalis is the basionym of Senna occidentalis (Linnaeus) Link (Handb. 2:140. 1831). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am grateful for the assistance given by D.E. Symon, Rupert C. Barneby, and Dan H. Nicolson. Work on the typification of North American vascular plants is supported by National Science Foundation Grant BSR-8812816. This is Scientific Article A-6274, Contribution No. 8443, of the Maryland Agricul- tural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service. Reveal: Lectotypification of Cassia occidentalis 455 LITERATURE CITED Ali, S.I. 1973. Cassia. Fl. W. Pakistan 3:53-82. Brenan, J.P.M. 1958. New and noteworthy Cassza from tropical Africa. Kew Bull. 13:231-252. . 1967. Cassia. Fl. Trop. E. Afr. Legum. 2:47-103. Fawcett, W. & A.B. Rendle. 1920. Cassza. Fl. Jamaica 4:99-116. Gordon-Gray, K.D. 1977. Cassia. Fl. S. Afr. 16(2):69-108. Greuter, W., H.M. Burdet, W.G. Chaloner, V. Demoulin, R. Grolle, D.L. Hawksworth, D.H. Nicolson, P.C. Silva, F.A. Stafleu, E.G. Voss, & J. McNeill. (eds.). 1988. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature Adopted by the Fourteenth International Botanical Congress, Berlin, July-August 1987. Regnum Veg. 118. Irwin, H.S. & R.C. Barneby. 1982. The American Cassiinae. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 35:1-918. Larsen, K., $.S. Larsen, & J.E. Vidal. 1980. Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Cae- salpinioideae. Fl. Cambodge, Laos & Vietnara 18:1-227. Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. L. Salvius, Stockholm, Sweden. McVaugh, R. 1987. Leguminosae. Fl. Novo-Galic. 5:1-786. Rechinger, K.H. 1986. Caesalpiniaceae. Fl. [ranica 160:1-11. Rudd, V.E. 1991. Cassia. Rev. Handb. Fl. Ceylon 7:59-91. Symon, D.E. 1966. A revision of the genus Cassia in Australia. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Australia 90:73-146. Phytologia (December 1991) 71(6):456-461. ON THE IDENTITY OF HEDYSARUM VIOLACEUM LINNAEUS (FABACEAE) James L. Reveal Department of Botany, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-5815 U.S.A. and Fred R. Barrie Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299 U.S.A. ABSTRACT The lectotype of Hedysarum violaceum Linnaeus (Kalm s.n., 921.41, LINN) is a specimen of Lespedeza intermedia Britton, a superfluous name; L. violacea (Linnaeus) Pers. becomes the earliest available epithet for the taxon. Lespedeza frutescens (Linnaeus) Hornem. must now be taken up for what has been known as L. violacea. KEY WORDS: Hedysarum, Lespedeza, Fabaceae Two well-known and widespread temperate eastern North American species of Lespedeza (Fabaceae), L. violacea (Linnaeus) Pers. and L. frutescens (Lin- naeus) Hornem., have had a long and confused nomenclatural history (Britton 1893; Schindler 1913; Blake 1924; Clewell 1966) which the present contribution will only aggravate. When Linnaeus (1753: 749) proposed Hedysarum violaceum Linnaeus, he gave an extended description based on a Kalm collection (941.41, LINN!) and cited Gronovius (1739: 87, and by extension Clayton 103, BM!) in synonymy. Linnaeus annotated the Kalm sheet with the name and number used in Species Plantarum (see Savage, 1945: 130). In 1966, Clewell (1966: 390) termed the Kalm sheet “T.”, thereby effectively designating it a lectotype (Art. 8.3; Greuter et al. 1988; duplicate at BM) even though Britton (1893) and Schindler (1913) had identified the sheet as Lespedeza intermedia Britton. When Britton 456 Reveal & Barrie: On the identity of Hedysarum violaceum 457 visited the British Museum (Natural History) in 1891, he failed to find Clay- ton 108, not realizing that it was Orbezlium pedunculatum (P. Miller) Rydb. var. psoralioides (Walter) Isely. Lacking the specimen in 1893, he typified H. violaceum on the Gronovius description, a practice no longer permitted by the Code. Britton (1893: 62) reported that he found three sheets in the Linnaean herbarium that he felt Linnaeus “included in violacea.” The first sheet (921.41) was Clewell’s lectotype, the Kalm sheet which Britton identified as Lespedeza intermedia. The second sheet (921.43), annotated “paniculatum” by Linnaeus, was a mixture of three elements, none (according to Britton) being L. violacea. The two specimens on the third unannotated Linnaean sheet (921.42) were identified by Britton as L. violacea. None of these specimens was considered the type by Britton, and of the three, only 921.41 is authentic. When Schindler (1913: 628) summarized his identifications of the Linnaean specimens, he considered 921.41 to be Lespedeza virginica (Linnaeus) Britton var. sessiliflora Schindler (L. sessilifolia Michx. is a superfluous name and a synonym of L. virginica); 921.42 to consist of L. repens (Linnaeus) Barton (left) and L. violacea (right); and 921.43 to be a mixture of L. violacea (left), an unknown species of Desmodium (middle) and L. procumbens Michx. (right). Schindler also found Clayton 103 at BM and identified it as Psoralea melilo- toides Michx., now a synonym of Orbezlium pedunculatum var. psoralioides. Schindler did not designate a type. As may be seen, the only two authentic elements available for the type of Linnaeus’ Hedysarum violaceum are 921.41 (LINN), a collection of Lespedeza intermedia (sensu Clewell 1966), and Clayton 103 (BM), a collection of Or- bethum. Yet, neither Britton (1893) nor Schindler (1913) circumscribed H. violaceum to include either element. Rather, both continued to define L. vio- lacea in the sense of the type of L. frutescens much as Torrey & Gray (1840) had done before them. Later Svenson (1945: 301) even implied that Linnaeus must have had another element but did not know where it might be, but that missing specimen most certainly must have been a representative of L. vio- lacea. In our opinion, he was mistaken as Linnaeus did use the Kalm lectotype to draw up his extended description. As this is the only authentic element that fits the protologue, its selection as the lectotype by Clewell was correct. Torrey & Gray (1840: 367) had circumscribed Lespedeza violacea in a broad sense. They recognized three varieties and distributed L. frutescens, L. retic- ulata (Muhl. ez Willd.) Pers., L. divergens (Muhl. ez Willd.) Pursh and L. sessiuflora among them as synonyms. They associated L. frutescens with L. violacea. Britton (1893) distinguished three species, taking up L. vrolacea, “L. intermedia (S. Wats.) Britton” (including L. frutescens Linnaeus) and L. vir- ginica (including L. reticulata and L. sessiliflora). Later Britton (in Britton et al. 1894: 205) realized that L. frutescens had priority over his own L. interme- dia, and adopted the earlier Linnaean epithet. In this fashion, L. violacea and 458 PRY T-OL.O:G 1A volume 71(6):456-461 December 1991 L. frutescens would be used by Britton & Brown (1898, 1913), Small (1903), Robinson & Fernald (1908), and Rydberg (1932). Schindler (1913) recognized two species: Lespedeza violacea (including L. frutescens and L. divergens) and L. virginica (including L. reticulata, L. ses- siliflora, and L. intermedia). Schindler redefined L. violacea to represent the expression Britton had termed L. frutescens. Lespedeza virginica of Schindler and Britton were defined the same, but Schindler’s var. sessiliflora representing the expression Britton had named L. intermedia. Blake (1924) reexamined the problem and accepted three species: Les- pedeza violacea, L. intermedia and L. virginica. Blake followed Schindler’s (1913) definitions of each entity, with L. frutescens remaining a synonym of L. violacea. Blake pointed out that Britton (1893) had misapplied L. intermedia, and took up the name in the sense of Schindler’s L. virginica var. sessiliflora. Unfortunately, Blake failed to realize, unlike Britton before him, that L. in- termedia was superfluous (Art. 63.1). When Britton (1893) proposed Lespedeza intermediata Britton, he stated that the name was based on L. stuvez Nuttall var. intermedia S. Wats. (in Wat- son & Coulter 1889: 147) while, at the same time, citing Linnaeus’ Hedysarum frutescens in synonymy. Art. 63.1 of the Code makes clear that the type of a superfluous name is the type of the name that should have been adopted, and all references to the supposed basionym (in this case var. intermedia must be deleted). Thus, the type of L. intermedia is the type of L. frutescens, namely Clayton 174 (BM!), as designated by Britton (1893: 64; Art. 8.3; as “speci- men on which it [H. frutescens] is based”). According to Clewell (1966: 380, as “T.”, Art. 8.3), the neotype of Watson’s var. intermedia is an 1891 Howe specimen from Brattleboro, Vermont (GH). Clewell (1966), in his revision of the native North American species of Lespedeza, acknowledged the potential nomenclatural difficulties, stating that he was uncertain “L. violacea is the legitimate [e.g., correct] name, since | have not seen the pertinent specimens in European herbaria.” Clewell was unable to determine from the microfiche of the Linnaean herbarium if the Kalm specimen was L. violacea or the shade form of L. intermedia. Based on the characters in Clewell’s key both the Kalm specimen at LINN and at BM are L. intermedia. Accordingly, Lespedeza violacea is the correct name for L. intermedia (sensu Clewell 1966), a species of temperate eastern North America that occurs from Maine across southern Canada to Michigan hence to eastern Oklahoma and Texas, and southward through the Carolinas to northern Florida. Lespedeza frutescens is the correct name for L. violacea (sensu Clewell). This species is found from Massachusetts to eastern Kansas southward to northeastern Texas and central Georgia. Hedysarum violaceum qualifies for conservation of its type under Art. 69 (Greuter et al. 1988), and conservation would be worthwhile if one could also conserve the illegimate L. intermedia (which, under Art. 69.3, is not eligible as Reveal & Barrie: On the identity of Hedysarum violaceum 459 it does not replace a later name). If conservation were possible it would allow both names to remain in current use (Fernald 1950; Gleason 1952; Gleason & Cronquist 1963; Radford et al. 1968; Kartesz & Kartesz 1980). However, because Clewell (1966) indicated concern over the correct application of H. violaceum, and Britton (1893) and Schindler (1913) had already raised reason- able doubt as to its identity, there is little justification in submitting a formal proposal because if accepted, L. intermedia (sensu Clewell) would have to be described as a new species. Thus, we return to the nomenclature adopted by Linnaeus in 1753. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to thank Dr. C.E. Jarvis and Dr. N.B.K. Robson for their comments. Work on the typification of temperate eastern North American plants is supported by National Science Foundation Grant BSR-8812816. This is Scientific Article A-6275, Contribution No. 8444, of the Maryland Agricul- tural Experiment Station. LITERATURE CITED Blake, S.F. 1924. Notes on American lespedezias. Rhodora 26:25-34. Britton, N.L. 1893. The North American species of the genus Lespedeza. Trans. New York Acad. Sci. 12:57-68. Britton, N.L. & A. Brown. 1897. An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions. Vol. 2. Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York, New York. 1913. An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions. Vol. 2. Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York, New York. Britton, N.L., F.V. Coville, J.M. Coulter, L.M. Underwood, H.H. Rusby, L.F. Ward, & W.A. Kellerman. 1894. List of Pteridophyta and Sper- matophyta growing without cultivation in northeastern North America. Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5:1-377. Clewell, A.F. 1966. Native North American species of Lespedeza (Legumi- nosae). Rhodora 68:359-405. 460 PHY TOLOGIA volume 71(6):456-461 December 1991 Fernald, M.L. 1950. Gray’s Manual of Botany, 8th ed., American Book Co., New York, New York. Gleason, H. 1952. The New Britton and Brown Illustrated Flora of the North- eastern United States and Adjacent Canada. Lancaster Press, Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Gleason, H. & A. Cronquist. 1963. Manual of Vascular Plants of North- eastern United States and Adjacent Canada. D. van Nostrand Co., New York, New York. Greuter, W., H.M. Burdet, W.G. Chaloner, V. Demoulin, R. Grolle, D.L. Hawksworth, D.H. Nicolson, P.C. Silva, F.A. Stafleu, E.G. Voss, & J. McNeill (eds.). 1988. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature Adopted by the Fourteenth International Botanical Congress, Berlin, July-August 1987. Regnum Veg. 118. Gronovius, J.F. 1739. Flora Virginica, part 1. C. Haak, Leiden, The Nether- lands. Hopkins, M. 1935. Notes of Lespedeza. Rhodora 37:264-266. Kartesz J.T. & R. Kartesz. 1980. A Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the United States, Canada and Greenland. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. L. Salvius, Stockholm, Sweden. Radford, A.E., H.E. Ahles, & C.R. Bell. 1968. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Robinson, B.L. & M.L. Fernald. 1908. Gray’s New Manual of Botany, sev- enth edition-illustrated. A Handbook of the Flowering Plants and Ferns of the Central and Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. American Book Company, New York, New York. Rydberg, P.A. 1932. Flora of the Prairies and Plains of Central North America. New York Botanical Garden, New York, New York. Savage, S. 1945. A Catalogue of the Linnaean Herbarium. Linnean Society of London, London, U.K. Schindler, A.K. 1913. Einige Bemerkungen tber Lespedeza Michx. und ihre nachsten Verwandten. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 49:570-658. Small, J.K. 1903. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Published by the author, New York, New York. Reveal & Barrie: On the identity of Hedysarum violaceum 461 Svenson, H.K. 1945. On the descriptive method of Linnaeus. Rhodora 47:273-302, 363-388. Torrey, J. & A. Gray. 1840. A Flora of North America. Vol. 1, part 3. Wiley & Putnam, New York. Watson, S. & J.M. Coulter. 1889. Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States. 6th ed. Ivison, Blakeman, and Company. New York, New York. Phytologia (December 1991) 71(6):462-467. LECTOTYPIFICATIONS IN HYDRASTIS LINNAEUS AND WARNERIA P. MILLER (HYDRASTIDACEAE) James L. Reveal Department of Botany, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-5815 U.S.A. ABSTRACT Linnaeus proposed Hydrastis on or about 7 Jun 1759 in the tenth edition of Systema Naturae where he attributed the generic name and description to John Ellis. Ellis also sent Linnaeus a flowering sprig that he obtained from John Bartram; this specimen (720.2, LINN) is here designated the lectotype. Independently, roots were obtained by Philip Miller from Pennsylvania, and these flowered and fruited at the Chelsea Physic Garden in 1757; Miller named the plant Warnerza on 25 Jun 1759. A collection of garden plants now deposited at The Natural History Museum (BM) and the original 1759 John Miller illustration (t. 285) formed the basis of Miller’s understanding of his mononomial genus, Warneria. Nonetheless, the type of Warneria is uncertain. If Miller’s 1768 binomial, W. canadensis, is considered to be a new com- bination based on H. canadensis Linnaeus, Miller’s name is superfluous according to Art. 10.1 of the Code. In this instance, the type of Warne- ria would be the Bartram specimen never seen by Miller. However, if Miller proposed a new name, W. canadensis, then Warneria is legiti- mate (Art. 63, Note 2) and the lectotype of W. canadensis is the garden specimen at BM. KEY WORDS: Aydrastis, Warneria, Hydrastidaceae, Ranuncu- laceae, nomenclature Golden seal or yellow root, Hydrastis canadensis Linnaeus (Hydrastidaceae/ Ranunculaceae), is one of the more sought-after medicinal plants of the middle Atlantic region of temperate eastern North America. This rare plant flowers in the early spring in deep, rich woods from New England to Virginia westward to Minnesota, Missouri and Arkansas. Apparently it has always been rare, as 462 Reveal: Lectotypifications in Hydrastis and Warneria 463 few collections found their way to Europe prior to 1753, with flowering mate- rial not known until John Bartram sent specimens to England in the 1750s. One recipient was John Ellis of London, a friend of Linnaeus and promoter of the natural sciences. On 25 Apr 1758, Ellis sent Linnaeus a description of the plant, and probably the fragment of the Bartram collection (721.2, LINN!). Ellis did not provide a name, suggesting to Linnaeus that he “call |it] as you please” (Smith 1821). Independently, Philip Miller had acquired roots of Hydrastis “from the inland parts” of Pennsylvania. In a letter dated 19 Noy 1759 (Darlingion 1849), he informed Bartram that (ne plant had flowered and fruited in 1757. Miller did not state that his material came from Bartram, but Bartram was its ™Mst hkely source. On 6 Apr 1759, Peter Collinson, like Ellis a major promoter of botany, asked John Bartram for material noting that he had seen William Bartram’s drawing of yellow root, and that “it seems a new genus” (Darlington 1849). It is likely that William only knew the plant from his father’s garden so that it probably also flowered in Philadelphia in 1757. By early 1759, Ellis, Miller, and Collinson were well aware that Hydrastis represented a new genus, but apparently each was unaware of the activities of the others to provide it with a name. There is no correspondence to indicate that Linnaeus commented directly upon Ellis’ observations of yellow root, but he added the name to the manuscript of the forthcoming tenth edition of his Systema Naturae. Meanwhile, Miller had prepared a description and commissioned a drawing from John Miller of the plant then growing in London. These were to be included in his Figures of Plants, a series of folio illustrations then being published in monthly parts of six plates each. Hydrastis w2s effectively published by Linnaeus on or about 7 Jun 1759 in Systema Naturae. Although Linnaeus may have ecimed the name, he at- tributed it (p. 1374) to Ellis along with the description (p. 1@88!. On 25 Jun 1759, Miller’s plate was published. He named it Warneria, in tiesto of Richara Warner (ca. 1713-1775), an Essex gentleman gardener. Linnaeus named the species canadensis, but Miller, who had not yet adopted binomial nomencla- ture, used only the mononomial, Warneria. When Linnaeus (1759) proposed a specific epithet, he added the comment “Hydrophyllum verum. Sp. Pl. 146.” This referred to the description added by Linnaeus to the diagnosis of Hydrophyllum virgintianum Linnaeus published in 1753. Linnaeus knew the latter species from a variety of collections and illus- trations, including a Pehr Kalm collection (720.1, LINN!) he had received in 1751. Upon receipt of the Bartram specimen (720.2, LINN) in 1758, Linnaeus must have realized that the sterile Kalm specimen was not Hydrophyllum but Hydrastis, and corrected his error in 1759. Thus, Linnaeus’ Hydrastis is not a superfluous renaming of Hydrophyllum via his reference to that genus, but a correction relating to his misidentification and erroneous description of the 464 PHY TL0.L/071Ga,A volume 71(6):462-467 December 1991 leaves of Hydrophyllum. Linnaeus had two elements before him when he proposed Hydrastis canaden- sis, the sterile Kalm sheet consisting of mature leaves and the flowering Bar- tram sheet. I hereby lectotypify Hydrastis canadensis on the Bartram specimen (Bartram s.n., Pennsylvania, 720.2, LINN). When Miller (1759) proposed Warneria he did so without reference to, and certainly no knowledge of, Linnaeus’ Hydrastis, and given the strained feelings between Ellis and Miller, it is certain that Miller never saw the Bartram specimen Ellis sent tu Linnaeus. Therefore, the two authentic elements of Warneria Miller had before him were lis own unannotated specimen grown at the Chelsea Physic Garden in London (BM!) and the John Miller figure (t. 285). According to Farr et al. (1979), Warneria is a superfluous name for Hy- drastis. The rationale for this is that when Miller (1768) adopted binomial nomenclature, he used W. canadensis as his epithet, placed Hydrastis in syn- onymy, and in doing so, the assumption has been that Miller proposed a new combination, namely “W. canadensis (Linnaeus) P. Miller”, although Miller never stated such. Art. 10.1 of the Code (Greuter et al. 1988) defines the type of a genus as “the type of a name of a species”. As Miller considered his genus to be monospecific in 1768, the type of the genus would be Warneria canadensis. To be superfluous, the basionym of W. canadensis would have to be Hydrastis canadensis. According to Arts. 7.13 and 63.1, the type of Warnerza would be Linnaeus’ type of Hydrastis canadensis, namely Bartram s.n., Pennsylvania, 720.2, LINN. However, in Art. 10.2 one finds that if there were no included “name(s) of one or more definitely included species” when a genus was pro- posed then “a type must be otherwise chosen, but the choice is to be superseded if it can be demonstrated that the selected type is not conspecific with any of the material associated with the protologue.” In 1759, Millc: made no reference to any name, and on the surface it wvuld seem that one could designate either the Philip Miller specimen or the John Miller plate the type of Warneria. Such a lectotypification is possible, according to Art. 10.3. However, for “a specimen or illustration used by the author in the preparation of the protologue” to be considered the type of a genus, the generic name itself must be conserved. Art. 10.1 also renders it impossible to designate any of the original Miller material because all of it is conspecific with the lectotype of Hydrastis. In other words, the two elements available to Miller when he proposed W'arneria are taxonomically the same species (“conspecific”) as the lectotype of Hydrastis. Nonetheless, there is Art. 63, Note 2: The inclusion, in a new taxon, of an element that was subsequently designated as the lectotype of a name which, so typified, ought to have Reveal: Lectotypifications in Hydrastis and Warneria 465 been adopted, or whose epithet ought to have been adopted, does not in itself make the name of the new taxon illegitimate. This buried note essentially renders legitimate the majority of names cur- rently considered as superfluous by Farr et al. (1979), but does it make Warne- ria legitimate? If the type of Warnerzais “W. canadensis (Linnaeus) P. Miller”, then this Note cannot apply as the epithet adopted by Miller in 1768 was the epithet that should have been adopted and its type, by virtue of its adoption, is the same as its basionym. Thus we have a situation where the type of a generic name is an element never seen by its original author, nor was the competing generic name known to the author at the time. However, if the assumption is that Miller proposed his own name within Warneria, namely “W. canadensis P. Miller”, then Note 2 of Art. 63 comes into effect and Warnerza is now legitimate as the epithet adopted by Miller (his own canadensis) will have its own type elements, and neither is associated with the Linnaean epithet. Based on this assumption, I hereby lectotypify W. canadensis P. Miller on the unannotated Miller specimen (P. Miller s.n., Chelsea Physic Garden, BM!). In summary, we have two possible options: Hydrastis Ellis ex Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2:1069, 1088, 1374. 7 Jun 1759. TYPE: Hydrastis canadensis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2:1088. 1759. LECTOTYPE (here designated): Bartram s.n., Pennsylvania, 720.2 (LINN). Warneria P. Miller, Fig. Pl. Gard. Dict. t. 285. 25 Jun 1759. TYPE: Warneria canadensis (Linnaeus) P. Miller, nom. illeg. superfl. = Hydrastis Linnaeus, 7 Jun 1759. or Warnerza P. Miller, Fig. Pl. Gard. Dict. t. 285. 25 Jun 1759. TYPE: Warne- ria canadensis P. Miller. LECTOTYPE (here designated): P. Miller s.n., Chelsea Physic Garden (BM). My own inclination is to typify a mononomial genus, such as Warneria, on one of its original elements (a specimen or illustration) when that is all the original author had at hand. The type should not automatically be the type of the name of a species later included within that genus as now mandated by the Code. By being able to designate a lectotype from among either the original elements used by an author or the one or more species epithets later associated with the generic name, one could avoid the kind of problem presented in the case of Warneria. 466 PHY TOLOGIA volume 71(6):462-467 December 1991 Mononomial genera based on pre-starting point specimens or illustrations (with or without contemporary elements) may have, as their types, the name of a synonymous binomial or a binomial (designated as a neotype) later es- tablished within the genus, but not a pre-starting point phrase name or a contemporary specimen or illustration except as permitted by Art. 10.2 (see Reveal 1991). Accordingly, in some instances the lectotype of a mononomial genus could be a specimen or illustration without the generic name being conserved. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank F.R. Barrie and C.E. Jarvis for their comments. Work on the typification of temperate eastern North American plants is supported by National Science Foundation Grant BSR-8812816. This is Scientific Article A- 6276, Contribution No. 8445, of the Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service. LITERATURE CITED Darlington, W. 1849. Memorials of John Bartram and Humphry Marshall. Lindsy & Blakiston, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Farr, E.R., J.A. Leussink, & F.A. Stafleu. 1979. Inder Nominum Generico- rum (Plantarum). Regnum Veg. 100, 101, 102. Greuter, W., H.M. Burdet, W.G. Chaloner, V. Demoulin, R. Grolle, D.L. Hawksworth, D.H. Nicolson, P.C. Silva, F.A. Stafleu, E.G. Voss, & J. McNeill. (eds.). 1988. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature adopted by the Fourteenth International Botanical Congress, Berlin, July-August 1987. Regnum Veg. 118. Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. L. Salvius, Stockholm, Sweden. —_____. 1759. Systema Naturae, ed. 10. L. Salvius, Stockholm, Sweden. Miller, P. 1759. Warneria. Fig. Pl. Gard. Dict. t. 285. [See 1760. Figures of plants illustrated in the Gardeners Dictionary. 2 vols. Published by the author, London, U.K.] —_____.. 1768. Gardeners Dictionary, 8th edition. Published by the author, London, U.k. Reveal: Lectotypifications in Hydrastis and Warneria 467 Reveal, J.L. 1991. Two previously unnoticed sources of generic names pub- lished by John Hill in 1753 and 1754-1755. Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 4th Ser., sec. B, Adansonia 13:197-240. Smith, J.E. 1821. A Selection of the Correspondence of Linnaeus and Other Naturalists from the Original Manuscripts. Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, U.K. Phytologia (December 1991) 71(6):468-471. TYPIFICATION OF NYSSA AQUATICA LINNAEUS (NYSSACEAE) James L. Reveal Department of Botany, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-5815 U.S.A. ABSTRACT Nyssa aquatica is lectotypified on Clayton s.n. (BM) so as to main- tain current usage of the name. KEY WORDS: Nyssa, Nyssaceae, tupelo, nomenclature In 1964 the late Richard Eyde summarized the nomenclatural history of Nyssa aquatica Linnaeus (Nyssaceae) under the title of the present contribu- tion. This was an extension of an earlier paper on the naming of the genus (Eyde 1959), and his conclusions as to the concept represented by N. aquatica have not been challenged. Unfortunately, Eyde failed to accomplish the task set forth in his title, he never typified the name! Linnaeus (1753: 1058) proposed Nyssa aquatica as follows: aquatica 1. NYSSA. Nyssa foliis integerrimis. Hort. Cliff. 462. Nyssa pedunculs multifloris. Gron. Virg. 121. Arbor in aqua nascens, foliis latis acuminatis & den- tatis, fructu elaeagni majore. Catesb. Car. 1. p. 60. t. Arbor in aqua nascens, foliis latis acuminatis & non den- tatis, fructu elaeagni minore. Catesb. Car. 1. p. 41. Nyssa pedunculie unifloris. Gron. Virg. 121. ’ Cynoxylon americanum, folio crassiusculo molli & te- naci. Pluk. Alm. 127. t. 172. £ 6. No specimens of Nyssa are in the Clifford herbarium at BM, the herbarium associated with Linnaeus’ (1738) Hortus Cliffortianus, and therefore it is not known exactly what Linnaeus had before him when he proposed the genus name. From his description, however, there is every reason to believe that Linnaeus had Nyssa sylvatica Marshall (1785: 97), and because he stated 468 Reveal: Typification of Nyssa aquatica 469 “Pxcrevit e seminibus per D. Gronovium communicatis” it is probable that Linnaeus examined a John Clayton specimen from Virginia. In Flora Virginica, Gronovius (1739: 121) accounted for two species of Nyssa found by Clayton. The first species he named “Nyssa pedunculis multi- floris”, placing Linnaeus’ (1738: 462) “Nyssa foliis integerrimis” and Catesby’s (1730: 41) “Arbor in aqua nascens, folijs latis acuminatis & non dentatis fructu Eleagni minore” in synonymy; he also gave a common name, “Tupelo-Tree”. The second species Gronovius named “Nyssa pedunculis unifloris”. There he cited a second Catesby (1731: 61) polynomial, “Arbor in aqua nascens, folijs acuminatis & dentatis, fructu Eleagni majore” along with its common name “Water-Tupelo”. In the latter instance, Gronovius cited a specimen, Clayton 49. An examination of Clayton material at The Natural History Museum (BM), however, reveals some confusion as to the information associated with the specimens and that published by Gronovius. The sheet annotated “Nyssa mas pedunculus multifloris” by Gronovius consists of three fragments of Nyssa sylvatica, two of which are in flower. This sheet bears the original annotation “The black-berry-bearing Gum, male & female in different trees: D. Clayton ex Virginia Ann. 1734. num. 49.” To this was added the Casteby (1730) name for N. sylvatica, and references to post-1753 editions of Genera Plantarum (Linnaeus 1754) and Species Plantarum (Linnaeus 1763). A second Clayton sheet, herein termed Clayton s.n., was annotated “Nyssa foemina pedunculis unifloris” by Gronovius. This consists of a single specimen of what is now understood to be Nyssa aquatica. It was this element Gronovius termed Clayton 49 in 1739 although the sheet is not so labelled. The reason for this may be as Clayton himself said, the male and female flowers were found on different trees and unknowingly Clayton associated the males of N. sylvatica with the females of N. aquatica giving both a single collection number. Both sexes were assigned unique phrase names by Gronovius simply because that was common practice before Linnaeus argued against it. Thus, Linnaeus’ rendering of the two as a single species was equally likely influenced by Clayton’s annotation. The original Gronovius annotation on Clayton s.n. referred to Casteby's (1731) phrase name for Nyssa aquatica, including the common name, “The Water Tupelo”. However, at some later date, Gronovius changed this, with “major” modified to “minor”, “Water” deleted from the common name, and “t. 60” changed to “t. 41”. Also associated with these species (both now mounted on the same herbar- ium sheet) are Gronovius’ original notes. Here he wrote the manuscript page number for Flora Virginica (878), referred to the description in Hortus Cliffor- tianus (Linnaeus 1738) and gave the generic description published in Genera Plantarum (Linnaeus 1737) wherein Linnaeus attributed the genus name to Gronovius. Apparently both men believed the two specimens represented dif- 470 PHY POG OVG FA volume 71(6):468-471 December 1991 ferent sexes of the same species but with Gronovius (1739, 1762) giving each a unique phrase name, Linnaeus not. Clayton, too, must have regarded the two as the same species, and thus the single collection number. The final element cited by Linnaeus (1738, 1753) was a Plukenet (1696: 127) phrase name “Cynoxylon Americanum, folio crassiusculo, molli, & tenaci” which Linnaeus knew only from Plukenet’s (1691: t. 172, f. 6) plate. The plate shows a sterile branch bearing several leaves. Based on the voucher for the drawing (H.S. 96:1, BM-SL!), the plant is a species of Ardisia (Myrsinaceae) probably from the Caribbean. Plukenet said the common name of the plant was “Black Dog-wood”, but it is certainly not Rhamnus frangula Linnaeus, the plant most commonly given this colloquial name. In addition to the already mentioned material cited or seen by Linnaeus, he had a Pehr Kalm sheet (1232.1, LINN!) before him prior to 1753. This he annotated with “aquatica”, “1” and “K”. The specimen is Nyssa sylvatica. In Eyde’s (1964) review of Nyssa aquatica, he failed to take into account the two Clayton elements. Nonetheless, he concluded that the plant known as N. aquatica was represented by a Catesby (t. 60) plate. Although Ewan (1974: 94) would later consider the plate to represent N. ogeche Bartram ez Marshall, neither Howard & Staples (1983: 533) nor Wilbur (1990: 32, 38) rightly concur. As to previous attempts to typify the name, other than Eyde (1964), Howard & Staples (1983: 533) stated that they “accepted the implication [in Eyde] that Catesby’s t. 60 is the best option for the type”, but did not specifically state that they were selecting it as a lectotype as they did when they designated Catesby’s t. 41 the lectotype for Nyssa sylvatica in their very next entry. Thus, Clayton s.n. (BM) is herein designated the lectotype of N. aquatica. This is the species as defined by Eyde and current nomenclature is maintained. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank Caroline Whitefoord (BM) for identifying the Plukenet voucher, and Rachel Hampshire (BM) and Dr. Fred R. Barrie (BM, MO) for reviewing the text. Work on the typification of temperate eastern North Amer- ican plants is supported by National Science Foundation Grant BSR-8812816. This is Scientific Article A-6277, Contribution No. 8446, of the Maryland Agri- cultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service. LITERATURE CITED Reveal: Typification of Nyssa aquatica 471 Catesby, M. 1730-1732. The Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands. Vol. I. Privately published, London, U.K. Ewan, J. 1974. Notes. Pp. 89-100 in: Catesby, M., The Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands by the late Mark Catesby. Facsimile edition, Beehive Press, Savannah, Georgia. Eyde, R.H. 1959. The discovery and naming of the genus Nyssa. Rhodora 61:209-218. —______.. 1964. Typification of Nyssa aquatica. Taxon 13:129-132. Gronovius, J.F. 1739. Flora Virginica, part I. C. Haak, Leiden, The Nether- lands. ______.. 1762. Flora Virginica, ed. 2. C. Haak, Leiden, The Netherlands. Howard, R.A. & G. W. Staples. 1983. The modern names for Catesby’s plants. J. Arnold Arbor. 64:511-546. Linnaeus, C. 1737. Genera Plantarum. C. Wishoff, Amsterdam, The Nether- lands. —_____.. 1738. Hortus Cliffortianus. Privately published, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. —_____.. 1753. Species Plantarum. L. Salvius, Stockholm, Sweden. —_____.. 1754. Genera Plantarum, ed. 5. L. Salvius, Stockholm, Sweden. . 1763. Species Plantarum, ed. 2. Vol. 2. L. Salvius, Stockholm, Sweden. Marshall, H. 1785. Arbustrum Americanum. J. Crukshank, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Plukenet, L. 1691-1692. Phytographia sive Stirpium ... Icones. Privately published, London, U.K. 1696. Almagestum Botanicum sive Phytographiae Pluknetianae [sic.] Onomasticon. Published privately, London, U.K. Wilbur, R.L. 1990. Identification of the plants illustrated and described in Catesby’s natural history of the Carolinas, Florida and the Bahamas. Sida 14:29-48. Phytologia (December 1991) 71(6):472-474. TYPIFICATION OF PANAX QUINQUEFOLIUM LINNAEUS (ARALIACEAE) James L. Reveal Department of Botany, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-5815 U.S.A. ABSTRACT Panaz quinguefolium is lectotypified on Kalm s.n., 1237.1 (LINN). KEY WORDS: Panaz, Araliaceae, ginseng, nomenclature The arrival of Ginseng: A Concise Handbook (Duke 1989) in the library of the Department of Botany at The Natural History Museum, London, in July of this year, and my coming upon Panaz in my wanderings through Linnaean nomenclature, reminded me of my failure to complete a review of the typification of P. quinguefolium Linnaeus (Linnaeus 1753: 1058) started in 1982. Linnaeus knew ginseng from several different sources, and had treated the species prior to assigning it a modern binomial in 1753. The paper by Lafi- tau (1718), with its illustration of ginseng, was at hand when Linnaeus estab- lished Panaz in 1742; he also placed Vaillant’s (1718) Aralkastrum in synonymy. When Linnaeus was in Paris in the mid 1730s, he may have seen the 1708 Sar- razin manuscript (Boivin 1978) where P. quinguefolium was first characterized. At this time Linnaeus had seen specimens only of P. trifolium Linnaeus (Clay- ton 329, 1237.4, LINN!, lectotype, c.f., Reveal et al. 1987b: 228). This he observed while in Holland when he assisted Gronovius who was then prepar- ing the first part of his Flora Virginica (Gronovius 1739). Linnaeus might have seen specimens at Oxford when he visited Dillenius in 1736. If so, then he may have seen the specimen of P. quinguefolium annotated with Lafitau’s (1718) “Aureliana canadensis” and Ray’s “Plantula Marilandica, foliis ad Hy- pericon accendtibus, angustis, oblongis, floribus in summo caule in umbellae formam dispositis” (Reveal et al. 1987a: 186), the latter name questionably given to ginseng by Sarrazin and both mentioned by Vaillant (1718). If this sheet was collected in Maryland in the 1690s, as the annotations would imply, but which frankly seems unlikely, then this would have been the first dried herbarium specimen of the species to have reached Europe. If the sheet is 472 Reveal: Typification of Panaz quinquefolium 473 a garden specimen sent by Vaillant in Paris to Sherard at Oxford (which is possible), then Linnaeus could have observed it. However, as Catesby (1747: 16) remarks that he was unaware of the species until grown by Collinson in the mid 1740s, the Oxford sheet may be a duplicate of the Bartram collection sent to Gronovius and reported by him in 1742. If so, then Linnaeus probably never examined an actual specimen of ginseng until Kalm provided him with one in 1751. When Linnaeus proposed Panaz quinquefolium in 1753, he cited the Lafi- tau (1718) and Catesby (1747) plates, and had before him Kalm material. Ac- cordingly, I hereby lectotypify P. guinquefolium on Kalm s.n., 1237.1 (LINN). Duplicates of the lectotype are at BM and UPS. Kalm (1761: 334) reported finding ginseng near Quebec on 7 Aug 1749. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank Dr. F. Barrie and Dr. C. Jarvis for their comments. Work on the typification of North American plants is supported by National Science Foundation Grant BSR-8812816. This is Scientific Article A-6278, Contribu- tion No. 8447, of the Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooper- ative Extension Service. LITERATURE CITED Boivin, B. 1978. La flore du Canada en 1708. Etude d’un manuscript de Michel Sarrazin et Sebastien Vaillant. Provancheria 9:223-297. Catesby, M. 1747. The Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands. Vol. 2, Appendix. Privately published, London, U.K. Duke, J.A. 1989. Ginseng: A Concise Handbook. Reference Publications, Inc., Algonac, Michigan. Gronovius, J.F. 1739. Flora Virginica, part 1. C. Haak, Leiden, The Nether- lands. —______. 1742. Flora Virginica, part 2. C. Haak, Leiden, The Netherlands. Kalm, P. 1761. En Resa til Norra America. Vol. 3. L.S. Kostrand, Stock- holm, Sweden. Lafitau. J.F. 1718. Memoure ... concernant la precieuse plante du gen seng de Tartarie, decouverte en Canada par le p. Joseph Francois Lafitau. Privately published, Paris, France. 474 PHYTOL O.GLA volume 71(6):472-474 December 1991 Linnaeus, C. 1742. Genera Plantarum. C. Wishoff, Amsterdam, The Nether- lands. —____.. 1753. Species Plantarum. L. Salvius, Stockholm, Sweden. Ray, J. 1704. Historie Plantarum Tomus Tertius: qui est Supplementum. Smith & Walford, London, U.K. Reveal, J.L., C.R. Broome, M.L. Brown, & G.F. Frick. 1987a. The identi- fication of pre-1753 polynomials and collections of vascular plants from the British colony of Maryland. Huntia 7:91-208. . 1987b. On the identities of Maryland plants mentioned in the first two editions of Linnaeus’ Species Plantarum. Huntia 7:209-245. Vaillant, S. 1718. Sermo de Structura Florum. P. van der Aa, Leiden, The Netherlands. Phytologia (December 1991) 71(6):475-478. TYPIFICATION OF PHLOX GLABERRIMA LINNAEUS (POLEMONIACEAE) James L. Reveal Department of Botany, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-5815 U.S.A. ABSTRACT Phloz glaberrima is lectotypified on 217.8 (LINN), a specimen Lin- naeus had in hand prior to 1753, but probably not when he established the genus in 1737 nor when he proposed the species in 1738. It is conjec- tured that that specimen was a Mark Catesby collection sent by Sherard to Gronovius in 1725 and preserved as part of the Gronovius herbarium at The Natural History Museum (BM); a duplicate of it may be in the Clifford herbarium (BM) although it might be Clayton 297, a missing sheet apparently examined by Linnaeus prior to 1737. However, as the specimen sent by Sherard cannot be demonstrated unequivocally to be original material it is not selected as the lectotype. KEY WORDS: Phloz, Polemoniaceae, nomenclature The genus Phloz was established by Linnaeus (1737: 52) as a new name for Lychnidea, the name used by Dillenius (1732: 203) for this taxon when he accounted for two species, P. glaberrima Linnaeus (t. 202) and P. paniculata Linnaeus (t. 203). The following year, Linnaeus (1738: 63) recognized a single species that he would later name P. glaberrima (Linnaeus 1753: 152). The material at hand when Linnaeus first proposed the species epithet is not known for certain. Gronovius (1739: 21) reported the existence of Clayton 297 from Virginia when he accepted the Linnaean polynomial, but no such specimen is known now to exist. Instead, what is found associated with the Gronovius herbarium is a specimen of P. glaberrima with a decorative urn similar to that found in the Clifford herbarium (BM), but with a label unlike any other in the collection (c.f., Wijnands & Heniger 1991). The label is a rectangle, at the top of which, in a space left in the decorative border, Gronovius wrote “Sherard” and “1725”. Within the available space of the label itself were four annotations written by Gronovius at different times. The first, “Lychnoideae species Carolina”, was written when “Sherard” and 475 476 PHY TOL OGLA volume 71(6):475-47 December 1991 “1725” were penned to the label. I take this to mean that the specimen was gathered by Mark Catesby in the Carolinas and sent to Gronovius by Sherard in 1725. A similar Catesby sheet at Oxford (OXF) was collected in 1724. The second annotation is “Lychnidea folio Melampyri. H. Elth. 1. p. 203. tab. 166 fig. 202”. This refers to the Dillenius (1732) phrase name and fig- ure Linnaeus (1738, 1753) cited as a synonym of Phloz glaberrima. The third annotation is “Phlox foliis lineari lanceolatis caule erecto, corymbo termina- trici. Linn. h. Cliff. 63 n. 1.” This refers to Linnaeus’ (1738) polynomial for P. glaberrima in his Hortus Chffortianus. The last annotation is “Syst. gen. 197. n. 4.” and the word “glabris” which was inserted in the third annotation after “lanceolatis”. The “197” refers to the genus number assigned to Phloz by Linnaeus (1754: 75) in the fifth edition of Genera Plantarum, and the “n. 4” refers to Species Plantarum where P. glaberrima is the fourth species. There, Linnaeus altered the phrase name to “Phlox foliis lineari-lanceolatis glabris, caule erecto, corymbo terminali” thereby accounting for the addition of “glabris” to the third annotation. The available evidence is that Gronovius had this sheet in his herbarium probably from 1725 onward. It is not Clayton 297, the fate of which is un- known. However, the question is, did Linnaeus examine the Catesby specimen? Linnaeus studied Clayton material in Holland both at the estate of George Clifford at Hartekamp and with Gronovius in Leiden. A few Clayton speci- mens can now be found in the Clifford herbarium, and it was not unusual for Linnaeus (1738) to acknowledge that he had seen specimens sent to him by Gronovius. There is a sheet of Phlor glaberrima in the Clifford herbarium (63 Phloz no. 1 {(BM}), but it is wholly unannotated. In terms of its size, shape, age and color, the sheet is similar to the Catesby sheet in the Gronovius herbar- ium, and because Gronovius and Clifford exchanged material (Wijnands & Heniger 1991: 143), it is possible the two are duplicates. Then again it may be the missing Clayton 297 as there is growing evidence that at least some of the unannotated sheets in the Clifford herbarium are Clayton specimens. However, the question is, did Linnaeus examine this Clifford herbarium sheet? When Linnaeus formally proposed Phloz glaberrima in 1753, he cited the Dillenius (1732) plate in synonymy. Clearly this is an original element and therefore is available to be selected as a lectotype. By 1753 Linnaeus also had a sheet (217.8, LINN) which he annotated “4 glaberrima”. This is a typical Linnaean annotation of one of his specimens studied while Species Plantarum was being drafted in 1751 and 1752. The origin of this sheet is unknown. Nonetheless, this specimen is available as a lectotype. The availability of the specimens in the Gronovius and the Clifford herbaria is less certain. Wijnands & Heniger (1991: 143) acknowledge the existence of a series of unannotated sheets in the Clifford herbarium whose origin and dis- position by Linnaeus is unclear. The classical example is that of 4maryllis bel- ladona (Goldblatt 1984). It seems reasonable to follow tradition and conclude Reveal: Typification of Phloz glaberrima 477 that Linnaeus did examine Herb. Clifford 63 Phlor no. 1 (BM). Accordingly, it too may be regarded as original material. My own opinion is that Linnaeus examined the Catesby sheet of Phloz glaberrima in the Gronovius herbarium, and used it, in part, to formulate both his original generic description in 1737 and his species description in 1738. The sheet was most certainly available to Linnaeus when he was in Holland, and it seems unreasonable to conclude that Linnaeus failed to examine it simply because it was not a specimen gathered by John Clayton. Nonetheless, as in the case of Maryland specimens in the Sherardian herbarium (OXF), annotated by Sherard (who died in 1728) with the same mistake in page or plate number one finds in Linnaeus (1753), and which I feel certain Linnaeus also studied (Reveal et al. 1987), I cannot prove Linnaeus actually examined this sheet in the Gronovius herbarium and must therefore conclude that it is not original material because it is not even indirectly cited by Linnaeus in 1753. When Wherry (1955: 111) proposed a type for Phloz glaberrima he wrote: “Type: A specimen from a Virginia plant in the Clifford garden, in Linnaean herbarium.” This puzzling statement appears to be some kind of amalgama- tion, with “Virginia” taken from the habitat statement given by Linnaeus in 1753, the appearance of the species in Hortus Cliffortianus, and the existence of a specimen in the Linnaean herbarium. As there was a Clayton sheet from Virginia, and there are sheets at BM and LINN thax are not annotated as to their origin, it is difficult to know what Wherry had in mind. Accordingly, I hereby designate 217.8 (LINN) as the lectotype of P. glaberrima, the type species of the genus. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank Dr. F. Barrie and Dr. C. Jarvis for their comments. Work on the typification of North American plants is supported by National Science Foundation Grant BSR-8812816. This is Scientific Article A-6279, Contribu- tion No. 8448, of the Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooper- ative Extension Service. LITERATURE CITED Dillenius, J.J. 1732. Hortus Elthamensis. Privately published, London, U.k. Goldblatt, P. 1984. Proposal to conserve Amaryllis and typification of A. belladona (Amaryllidaceae). Taxon 33:511-516. 478 Pandy TOL, OsGein volume 71(6):475-478 December 1991 Gronovius, J.F. 1739. Flora Virginica, part I. C. Haak, Leiden, The Nether- lands. Linnaeus, C. 1737. Genera Plantarum. C. Wishoff, Amsterdam, The Nether- lands. ___. : 1738. Hortus Chffortianus. Privately published, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. . 1753. Species Plantarum. L. Salvius, Stockholm, Sweden. —____. 1754. Genera Plantarum, ed. 5. L. Salvius, Stockholm, Sweden. Reveal, J.L., C.R. Broome, M.L. Brown, & G.F. Frick. 1987. On the identi- ties of Maryland plants mentioned in the first two editions of Linnaeus’ Species Plantarum. Huntia 7:209-245. Wherry, E.T. 1955. The genus Phlor. Morris Arboretum, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Wijnands, D.O. & J. Heniger. 1991. The origins of Clifford’s herbarium. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 106:129-146. Phytologia (December 1991) 71(6):479-482. TYPIFICATION OF THE LINNAEAN SPECIES OF TIARELLA (SAXIFRAGACEAE) James L. Reveal Department of Botany, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-5815 U.S.A. ABSTRACT Linnaeus proposed two species of Tiarella in 1753. The eastern North American species, T. cordifolia Linnaeus, is lectotypified on a Herb. Clifford sheet (175.9) now at Stockholm (S). Although it lacks roots and stolons, the lectotype appears to represent the stoloniferous northern expression Lakela (1937) considered to be the typical variant of the species. The western North American species, T. trifoliata Lin- naeus, was clearly based on a Steller collection that almost certainly was collected at Cape St. Elias, Kayak Island, Alaska, in 1742. Un- fortunately, the specimen has not been found and a Mertens specimen (BM) collected at Sitka, Alaska, is here designated as the neotype. KEY WORDS: Tiarella, Saxifragaceae, nomenclature Tiarella (Saxifragaceae) is a small genus of three species, one each in eastern North America (T. cordifolia Linnaeus), western North America (T. trifolata Linnaeus), and eastern Asia (T. polyphylla D. Don). Occasionally, T. wherry: Lakela is recognized as distinct in the southeastern United States, and in the West, T. uniflora W.J. Hooker is frequently accepted as worthy of formal recognition. All three species are vegetatively variable (Kern 1966; Spongberg 1972), and this has resulted in the recognition of several varieties or subspecies (Lakela 1937; Wherry 1940; Kern 1966). Soltis & Bohm (1984) suggested the conservative species concept be adopted here. Typification of taxa in Tiarella has been lax. It is not my intent to review all names, but only those proposed by Linnaeus. I leave the remainder to future workers. 479 480 PY OL O:Gi,A volume 71(6):479-482 December 1991 Typification of Tzarella cordifolia The eastern North American species was cultivated long before Linnaeus (1751) proposed Tiarella. The species was probably first introduced into Eu- rope by John Tradescant the Younger who visited Virginia in the 1630s. The plant was first described and illustrated by Stapel et al. in 1644. The earli- est herbarium specimen | have seen is a Plukenet garden collection probably gathered before 1690 (H.S. 85:100, BM-SL!). All of this material belongs to the typical northern variety as defined by Lakela (1937). When Linnaeus (1738) first considered the plant, he treated it as a species of Mitella, having before him at that time garden material of which at least two sheets were preserved. One sheet, Herb. Clifford, 167 Mitella no. 2 (BM!), is housed in the Clifford herbarium at The Natural History Museum. It con- sists of a series of leaves and flowering inflorescences. The second sheet is at Stockholm (microfiche 175,9; S); it bears a series of leaves and fruiting inflo- rescences all arranged in a Clifford herbarium urn (Wijnands & Heniger 1991). Both sheets lack roots or stolons, and while difficult to ascribe to a variety, both appear to be the northern, stoloniferous expression. I suspect that Linnaeus obtained a duplicate of Clayton 554 (576.2, LINN!) prior to 1750. This fruiting specimen formed the basis of Gronovius’ (1742; based on Clayton 554, Virginia, BM!) report of the species and is representative of var. cordifolia. Linnaeus (1750) first alluded to Gronovius when he described what he later christened Trarella trifoliata, considering the Virginia plant to be its most closely related species. I do not know when Linnaeus obtained the one sheet of T. cordifolia now in his herbarium. Unlike the Clayton sheet (576.2), this sheet (357.1, LINN!) was annotated with its specific name. However, the sheet lacks the Species Plantarum number so characteristically associated with the specimen he examined while drafting his 1753 book. As the Stockholm sheet has both the name and number, I| suspect 357.1 is a post-1753 addition. The fact is that 357.1 is far more representative of the species, and as it was Linnaeus’ practice to give away less useful sheets, the disposition of the two sheets is not surprising. Accordingly, I hereby designate 175.9 (S) the lectotype of Tzarella cordi- folia. If one concurs with Lakela’s (1937) taxonomy, at least at the varietal rank, then the northern phase may continue to be called var. cordifolia. If one wishes to distinguish between the stoloniferous (var. cordifoha) and the non-stoloniferous plant named J. wherry: by Lakela, then I urge adoption of Fernald’s (1943) solution and refer these plants to var. collina Wherry (1940) as suggested by Spongberg (1972). I am doubtful of the distinction between var. cordifolia and Lakela’s southern var. austrina Lakela, but at least typifi- cation of the Linnaean name does not impact this taxonomy should one wish to adopt it. A minor note. Wherry (1940) noted that when Linnaeus (1753) referred Reveal: Typification of Linnaean Tiarella 481 to a Hermann (1698) phrase name, “Cortusa Americana flore spicato petalis integris”, Linnaeus mentioned a “t. 129”. No such figure exists. However, upon examining Linnaeus’ copy of Hermann’s work, t. 130, an illustration of Heuchera americana, this was annotated Tiarella cordifolia by Linnaeus. Based on this evidence, I have considered t. 130 to be original type material and one of the elements from which a lectotype of 7. cordifolia should be selected. Typification of Tiarella trifoliata When Linnaeus (1750) initially proposed Tiarella trifoliata he provided a detailed description of a plant collected by Georg Steller on Cape St. Elias, Kayak Island, Alaska, under the phrase name “Mitella foliis ternatis”. Soon thereafter (Linnaeus 1751), Tiarella was recognized as distinct from Muitella and the name “Tiarella foliis ternatis” was adopted. After 1753, when Lin- naeus proposed the binomial T. trifolata, he made no taxonomic alterations in the genus or its species. The Steller type ought to be housed in the Linnaean herbarium in London; unfortunately, it has not been found nor has one been located in any of the other Linnaean herbaria. However, it is known that some specimens were badly damaged and were discarded by the younger Linnaeus after his father’s death in 1778 (Stearn 1957). Perhaps the Linnaean specimen of Tvarella trifolata was among those sheets. Accordingly, Mertens s.n., Sitka, Alaska (BM!) is here designated as the neotype for Tiarella trifoliata. The neotype belongs to the typical subspecies as defined by Kern (1966). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank E. Groves and C.E. Jarvis for their help and comments. Work on the typification of temperate eastern North American plants is sup- ported by National Science Foundation Grant BSR-8812816. This is Scientific Article A-6280, Contribution No. 8449, of the Maryland Agricultural Experi- ment Station and Cooperative Extension Service. LITERATURE CITED Fernald, M.L. 1943. Virginian botanizing under restrictions. Khodora 45:357-413, 445-480, 485-511. 482 PHY TOL.0 GIA volume 71(6):479-482 December 1991 Greuter, W., H.M. Burdet, W.G. Chaloner, V. Demoulin, R. Grolle, D.L. Hawksworth, D.H. Nicolson, P.C. Silva, F.A. Stafleu, E.G. Voss, & J. McNeill. (eds.). 1988. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature Adopted by the Fourteenth International Botanical Congress, Berlin, July-August 1987. Regnum Veg. 118. Gronovius, J.F. 1742. Flora Virginica. Part 2. C. Haak, Leiden, The Netherlands. Hermann, P. 1698. Horti Academici Lugduno-batavi Catalogus. C. Boutesteyn, Leiden, The Netherlands. Kern, P. 1966. The genus Tiarella in western North America. Madrono 18:152-160. Lakela, O. 1937. A monograph of the genus Tzarella L. in North America. Amer. J. Bot. 24:344-351. Linnaeus, C. 1738. Hortus Cliffortianus. Amsterdam, The Netherlands. —_____.. 1750. Plantae Rariores Camschatcenses. Privately published, Up- sala, Sweden. —______. 1751. Nova Plantarum Genera. Privately published, Upsala, Swe- den. . 1753. Species Plantarum. L. Salvius, Stockholm, Sweden. Soltis, D.E. & B.A. Bohm. 1984. Karyology and flavonoid chemistry of the disjunct species of Tiarella (Saxifragaceae). Syst. Bot. 9:441-447. Spongberg, S.A. 1972. The genera of Saxifragaceae in the southeastern_ United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 53:409-498. Stapel, J.B., J.C. Scaliger, & R. Constantin. 1644. Theophrasti Eresu de Historia Plantarum. H. Laurent, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Stearn, W.T. 1957. An introduction to the Species Plantarum and cognate botanical works of Carl Linnaeus. In, C. Linnaeus, Species Plantarum, Ray edition. London. Wherry, E.T. 1940. A novelty in the genus Tiarella (Saxifragaceae). Not. Nat. 42:1-4. Wijnands, D.O. & J. Heniger. 1991. The origins of Clifford's herbarium. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 106:129-146. Phytologia (December 1991) 71(6):483-485. A NEW SPECIES OF STELLARIA (CARYOPHYLLACEAE) FROM NORTHEASTERN MEXICO B.L. Turner Department of Botany, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78713 U.S.A. ABSTRACT A novel alpine or subalpine species of northeastern México, Stel- laria hintoniorum B. Turner is described. It occurs on the higher peaks of the Sierra Madre Oriental mostly from 3000-3800 m and is readily distinguished from its closest relative, S. cusprdata Willd., by a number of features, including vegetative, flower, and seed characters. A map showing the distribution of S. himtoniorum is provided. KEY WORDS: Stellaria, Caryophyllaceae, México Routine identification of collections assembled by the Hinton family from the higher peaks about Galeana, Nuevo Leon, has revealed the following nov- elty. Stellaria hintoniorum B. Turner, sp. nov. TYPE: MEXICO. Nuevo Leon: Mpio. Galeana, Cerro E] Potosi, pine forest, 3800 m, 21 Jun 1969, Hinton et al. 17108 (HOLOTYPE: TEX’). Stellariae cuspidatae Willd. similis sed differt caulium prim- igenorum foliis plerumque lanceolatis sessilibusque (vs. subcordatis valde petiolatisque), petalis longioribus (9-12 mm longis vs. 4-6 mm), et seminibus majoribus (1.0-1.3 mm latis vs. 0.6-0.8 mm) paginis dorsalibus tantum granulosi-mammilatis (vs. stipitibus cap- itatis ornatis). Sprawling herbs from seemingly perennial slender stolons, 6-10 cm high, according to label data. Stems glandular pubescent to glabrate. Leaves on primary shoots mostly sessile, 2-6 cm long, 0.8-1.8 cm wide; petioles, when present, 3-10 mm long, gradually tapering into the blades; blades lanceolate to ovate lanceolate, the surfaces glabrous to sparsely pubescent, the margins pubescent below. Inflorescence a terminal cyme of 1-5 bracteate flowers, the pedicels mostly 1-2 cm long, glandular pubescent. Sepals lanceolate, 6-7 mm 483 484 PHY T 0O/E-O-G1A volume 71(6):483-485 December 1991 ole 12" 27°57) + TEX SAN TAMAULIPAS Distnbution of Stellaria hintoniorum. Tm Figs 4. Turner: New Stellaria from northeastern México 485 long, 1.5-2.0 mm wide, glandular pubescent. Petals white, mostly 9-12 mm long, the claw 3-4 mm long. Style branches 3, ca. 3 mm long. Seeds 1.0-1.3 mm wide, the dorsal surfaces with mammilate ornamentation, the turbicles mostly rounded, broader than high. ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: MEXICO. Coahuila: Mpio. Arteaga, Sierra del Coahuilon, 3290 m, 23 Jun 1985, Hinton et al. 18869 (TEX); Sierra de la Nieve, 3060 m, 9 May 1990, Hinton et al. 20307 (TEX); Cima de Sierra La Viga, ca. 3100 m, 24 Oct 1984, McDonald 1155 (TEX); Sierra La Viga, ca. 3700 m, 22 Aug 1986, McDonald 2086 (TEX). Nuevo Leon: Cerro Potosi, alpine or subalpine meadows, ca. 3200 m, 27 Aug 1987, Bogler 158 (TEX); Cerro Potosi, 3750 m, 25 May 1969, Hinton et al. 17040 (TEX); Picacho San Onofre, District Zaragosa, 3410 m, 25 Jun 1978, Hinton et al. 17389 (TEX); Cerro Potosi, ca. 3650 m, 21 Jun 1985, McDonald 1544 (TEX); Cerro Potosi, ca. 3600 m, 26 Jul 1985, McDonald 1786 (TEX); Cerro Potosi, ca. 3000 m, 8 Jul 1963, McGregor et al. 305 (LL). Tamauli- pas: E side of Cerro Pefia Nevada, 3500-3600 m, 5 Jul 1985, McDonald 1631 (TEX); Cerro Peta Nevada, 1 Jun 1974, Patterson 1511 (LL). Stellaria hintoniorum is closely related to S. cuspidata but distinguished by a number of features, including lanceolate, mostly sessile, leaves, larger corollas and larger, merely mammilate-ornate, seeds. It is found primarily in alpine or subalpine meadows and pine forests between 3000 and 3800 m, on the higher peaks east and southeast, of Saltillo, Coahuila (Fig. 1), where it is reportedly common in places (the type indicates that “vast colonies” occur on Cerro Potosi). Stellaria cuspidata is a widespread species of lower elevations, occurring throughout the same region as S. hintoniorum, but at elevations of 400-2300 m. Intergrades between the two taxa have not been examined, nor were mixed specimens noted among the 40 or more collections of these two taxa in the region of sympatry. A single collection of S. hintoniorum was obtained from below 3000 m, this being Wells & Nesom 173 (LL), which was obtained from ca. 2400 m (15 mi E of San Rafael) along the northwestern slopes of Cerro Potosi. I have included in my concept of S. cuspidata, however, three specimens from the vicinity of Galeana, Nuevo Leon, which have veg- etative features approaching S. hintoniorum, but possessing floral features of S. cuspidata (Hinton et al. 20241, 20217, Mueller 776). These were obtained from populations which occurred between 2000 and 2300 meters. The species is named for the George B. Hinton family, most of the spec- imens, including the type itself, having been collected by Jaime and George Hinton, son and grandson, respectively, of that illustrious early collector, G.B. Hinton. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am grateful to Guy Nesom for the Latin diagnosis and to him and Andrew McDonald for reviewing the manuscript. Phytologia (December 1991) 71(6):486. INDEX TO AUTHORS, VOLUME 71 Allen, G.A. 101 Angelo, R. 85 Barrie, F.R. 456 Brown, L.E. 379 Carlquist, S. 5 Christenson, E.A. 440 Clements, M.A. 322 Cuatrecasas, J. 165 Dempster, L.T. 31 Ding, J. 307 Ertter, B. 420 Escalona, F.D. 187 Felger, R.S. 326 Gandhi, K.N. 58, 87, 269 Garcia-Arévalo, A. 264 Hatch, ’S.L- 1 Jones, D.L. 322 Jones, G.D. 1, 160, 387 Jones, $.D. 1, 160, 387 Jordan, R. 360 Kartesz, J.T. 58, 87, 269 Kim), Ja 38 Lemke, D.E. 362 Lowrie, A. 5 Luther, H.E. 382 Nesom, G.L. 109, 122, 128, 132, 136, 152, 244, 252, 265, ada, 031, 357, 414, 416 Norris, J. 38 Reeder, J.R. 300 Reveal, J.L. 453, 456, 462, 468, 472, 475, 479 Rico-Gray, V. 429, 433, 436 Robinson, H. 171, 176, 181, 184 Ross, T.S. 167 Shevock, J.R. 101 Schultz, J. 379 Silba, J. 307 Smith, E.B. 29 Smith, L.B. 57, 66, 104 Soreng, R.J. 390 Spencer, M.A. 104 Terrell, E.E. 212 Turner, B.L. 32, 38,051) oG., 200, 208, 281, 304, 311, 315, 319, 340, 445 ; Wang, L. 307 Wipff, J.K. 387 Phytologia (December 1991) 71(6):487-509. INDEX TO TAXA, VOLUME 71 Abies 172, 173 Acamptopappus 245, 250, 251, 254 Acanthaceae 87, 88, 97, 267, 281, 298, 299 Aconitum 307-310 section Aconitum 307 alboviolaceum 307 apetalum 307 jinchengense 307, 308, 310 series Stylosa 307 stylosum 307 sungpanense 307 var. leucanthum 307 tatstenense 307 yachiangense 307, 309, 310 Adenocritonia 176, 178-180 adams 179 heathiae 178, 180 steyermarkii 176, 178, 180 Aechmea 382-386 subgen. Aechmea 382 flemingii 382-384 haltonii 382, 384-386 mezicana 384, 386 subgen. Podaechmea 382 strobilina 382, 384 Agave 32, 55 lechugilla 32 Ageratina 171,172, 175, 311-313 subgenus Ageratina 312 espinosarum 311, 312 glauca 171, 172 hyssopina 311, 312 ilicifolia 311 motozintlensis 171, 172 487 Ageratina (cont.) subgenus Neogreenella 312 pringlez 172 saxorum 171 subcoriacea 172 thomasi 171, 172 zapalinama 311, 312, 313 zunilana 171, 172 Ageratinae 208, 210 Agrostis 202 Airinae 202 Alisma 89 Alismeae 89 Alismataceae 87, 89, 97, 99 Alnus 264 Amaryllidaceae 477 Amaryllis 476, 477 belladona 476, 477 Amphiachyris 252-254, 261, 262 Amphipappus 245, 250, 251, 254, 262 Anacardiaceae 87, 90, 98, 99 Andropogon 203 sect. Leptopogon 203 Anonymos 228, 243 procumbens 228 Anotis 220, 235, 236 cervantesi 220, 235 sect. Ereicotis 220 salzmannit 236 Aphanostephus 149 Aplopappus 132, 133, 245, 248, 251, 263 bariletti 132, 133 niveus 263 salicinus 245 488 PHY TO D90 Gi A Araliaceae 472 Araliastrum 472 Arbutus 264 Archaeoleersia 204 nebraskensis 204 Archibaccharis 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159 aequivenia 154 albescens 156 androgyna 154 sect. Archibaccharis 152, 153, 155, 156 asperifolia 154 auriculata 153 blakeana 153, 156 caloneura 154 campu 153 corymbosa 153, 154, 155 flezilis 156 sect. Glandulicarpa 152, 153, 155, 157 hieracufolia 153 hieractoides 153 hirtella 155, 156 sect. Hertella V52) 153; 155, 156 intermedia 156, 159 wrazuensis 154 jacksoni 154, 159 linearilobis 154 lucentifolia 155, 159 macdonaldiu 153 nephocephala 155 nicaraguensis 154 panamensis 154 peninsularis 155 pringler 153, 156 salmeoides 152, 155, 156, 158, 159 schiedeana 156, 158 serratifolia 154, 155 sescenticeps 154 simpler 153 standleyz 153, 154 volume 71(6):487-509 December 1991 Archibaccharis (cont.) sect. Stricta 152, 154 sect. Stylosa 152, 155, 156, 159 subsessilis 154, 157 taeniotricha 156 sect. Tomentosa 152, 154 tuxtlensis 152, 154, 157, 158 venturana 154, 157, 158 veracruzana 154 vesticaulis 152, 155, 158, 159 Arctostaphylos 264 Arcytophyllum 220, 241 Ardisia 470 Aristaveninae 202 Artemisia 58, 59, 63, 330 ludoviciana 330 spiciformis 59 tridentata 58, 59, 63 ssp. spiciformis 58, 59 Arthrazon 379-381 hispidus 379-381 Arundinoideae 204 Asclepiadaceae 160, 269, 270 Asclepias 269, 270 nigra 270 ruthiae 270 uncialis 269, 270 ssp. ruthiae 269, 270 Aster 120, 122-126, 136-138, 143, 144, 149, 167-170, 244, 249, 251-254, 259, 262 alpigenus 123 conspicuus 123 greatae 167-169 greataz 167-170 howellit 249 subgen. Jananthe 125, 136, 137 integrifolius 123, 124 kingii 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 144, 251 var. barnebeyana 123, 125 var. kingw 123, 125 modestus 124 Index to taxa, volume 71 489 Aster (cont.) sect. Oreostemma 123 subgen. Oreostemma 123 subgen. Ozytripolium 125 subulatus 125 subgen. Virgulus 125 Asteraceae 29, 30, 38, 50, 51, 56, 58, 59, 63-65, 87, 93, 109, 117, 122, 126-128, 131, 132, 135, 136, 143-145, 152, 167, 171, 175, 176, 180, 181, 184, 205, 207, 208, 211, 244, 251, 252, 261-263, 266, 269, 271, 278- 280, 304, 311, 315, 318, 319, 321, 326, 331, 414-416, 419 Astereae 63-65, 109, 117, 118, 122, 124, 126-128, 131, 132, 135, 136, 143-145, 147, 149, 150, 152, 159, 211, 244, 245, 251- 254, 256, 260, 261, 332, 415, Barroetea 38-40, 42, 43, 45-48, 50- 53, 55, 56 brevipes 53 glutinosa 38-40, 42, 43, 45-48, 50, 55, 56 laziflora 46, 51-53 pavonir 46, 48, 53 sessilifolia 48 setosa 48, 55 subuligera 46, 48, 55 var. latisquamea 55 Bartlettina 171, 172, 175, 177-179 breedlovei 175 hylobia 175 luzi 175 oresbia 175 oresbioides 175 ornata 171, 172 Berberis 330, 428 haematocarpa 330, 428 416, 419 Asteroideae 211 Astragalus 331 magdalenae 331 var. prersonit 331 Astrolepis 330, 428 cochisensis 330, 428 ssp. chthuahuensis 330, 428 ssp. cochisensis 428 sinuata 330, 428 ssp. sinuata 428 Aveneae 202 Aylacophora 259 Baccharidinae 255 Baccharis 149, 252 Baptisia 269, 276 bracteata 269, 276 var. glabrescens 276 var. leucophaea 269, 276 leucophaea 276 var. glabrescens 276 var. leucophaea 276 Biclavella 38 glutinosa 38 Bigelowta 252, 254, 255, 261 Bignoniaceae 170 Billbergia 57 rhodocyanea 57 var. purpurea 57 Billia 173 Bletia 441 pumulio 441 Bolivaria 346 pinnatifida 346 Bollea 440 violacea 440 forma alba 440 Boltonia 137, 149 Borrichia 388 frutescens 388 Bothriochloa 330 barbinodis 330 Bouteloua 32 Bouvardia 217, 223 aleranderae 223 490 Poa Ye TO LOG LA Brachychaeta 252-256, 261, 262 sphacelata 255 Bradburia 109, 110, 111, 112, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 121, 135, 136, 137, 143, 144, 145, 148, 151 hirtella 109, 112, 118, 145 Brassavola 441 pumilio 441 Brickellia 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 269, 271, 280 sect. Bulbostylis 39, 45 coahuilensis 42, 49 cordifolia 41, 46 coulterz 40, 41, 42, 45, 46, 49 diffusa 40, 46 eupatorioides 269, 271, 280 var. eupatorioides 269, 271 var. gracilis 271 lanata 41, 46 laxiflora 38, 44, 48, 51, 52 nesomii 49 pavonii 38, 44, 48, 51, 52, 53, 54 pedunculosa 42 subgen. Phanerostylis 39, 48, 50, 51 problematica 38, 48, 52, 55 sonorana 42, 44, 46, 51, 53, 54 subuligera 38, 44, 48, 51, 53, 54, 55 veronicifolia 40, 41, 46 Brintonia 252, 253, 255, 256, 261 discoidea 255, 256 Briza 204 Bromeliaceae 57, 66, 104, 105, 382 Bromeloideae 57 Bromus 330 berterianus 330 trini 330 Bulbostylis 55 subuligera 55 volume 71(6):487-509 December 1991 Burlingtonia 443 candida 443 Cacalia 331 Cactaceae 269, 275 Caesalpiniaceae 453, 455 Caesalpinioideae 455 Calamagrostis 187-202 amoena 190, 192, 197 ampliflora 189, 190, 192, 194, 197 aurea 190, 192, 195, 196, 201 chaseae 190, 192, 193, 198-201 chrysantha 190-193, 195, 196, 198- 201 cleefiz 191, 192, 195 curta 192, 197 sect. Deyeuria 187 eminens 188, 190-192, 194, 195, 197, 200, 201 epigeios 188 guamanensis 192, 198-200 ligulata 192, 198 mollis 190-192, 197, 201 ovata 189, 191, 192, 194-196, 201 ptisinna 189, 192, 194 ramonae 192 subsect. Stylagrostis 187, 189, 191, 193, 194, 201 Calandrinia 62 Calyptridium 62 parryi 62 var. arizonicum 62 var. hessae 62 var. nevadense 62 umbellatum 62 var. caudiciferum 62 Carex Vy) 2p crus-corvi 1, 2, 3 lunelliana 2 muhlenbergii 2 oklahomensis 1, 2, 3 stipata 1, 2, 3 Index to taxa, volume 71 491 Carez stipata (cont.) var. mazima 1, 2, 3 var. oklahomensis 2 var. stipata 2, 3 subgen. Vignea 1 sect. Vulpinae 1 Carpinus 172 carolinianum 172 Sarterelia 212,213, 217, 222, 223, 238, 242 aleranderae 217, 223, 238 Caryophyllaceae 483 Cassia 93, 453-455 occidentalis 453, 454 petallaria 93 var. patellaria 93 var. ramosa 93 Cassiinae 98, 455 Casuarina 14 helmsiu 14 Catabrosa 204 Celtis 161 Cephalocereus 276 deeringit 276 Cereus 275, 276 robini 275, 276 var. deeringit 275, 276 Chaetopappa 149 Chamaesyce 331 platysperma 331 Chloracantha 137, 144, 149 Columbiadoria 244, 245, 249, 250, 254, 261 hallii 244, 249 Corethrogyne 149 Chamaecrista 87, 93 nictitans 87, 93 var. patellaria 87, 93 var. ramosa 93 Chiliophyllum 259 Chiliotrichium 259 Chiliotrichopsis 259 Chiranthodendron 173 Chromolaena 177 Chrysoma 252, 254, 259-261 Chrysopsis 61, 109-113, 115-121, 125, 128, 131-138, 141-149, 151, 263 sect. Bradburia 109, 112, 115, 143 caespitosus 61 sect. Chrysopsis 112, 115 floridana 115-117, 119, 120 godfreyi 115-119 gossypina 110, 111, 116, 118, 121 cruiseana 118 hirtella 112 lanuginosa 115-117, 119, 121 latisquamea 115-117, 119-121 linearifolia 115, 116, 118, 119 mariana 110, 113, 115-117, 119, 121 nivea 263 pilosa 109-113, 115-117, 119-121, 143, 149 scabrella 115-117, 119-121 subulata 115, 116, 119 texana 109, 112, 116, 117, 119- 121, 143, 148, 149 Chrysothamnus 252, 253, 416 nauseosus 416 Cichorioideae 211 Cinchonoideae 242 Cirsium 168 lacaitae 168 Cistanthe 58, 62, 428 calycina 428 parry 58, 62 var. arizonica 58, 62 var. hessae 58, 62 var. nevadensis 58, 62 umbellata 58, 62 var. cauducifera 58, 62 Cleome 330 isomeris 330 Clethra 172 492 PHYTOLOGTA volume 71(6):487-509 December 1991 Colchicum 167 Decheuzia 224 bivonae 167 galeotti 224 Coleosanthes 183 Dendrobium 440, 441 diffusus 183 mezicanum 440, 441 Compositae 30, 50, 63-65, 97, 117, Dendropanaz 173 118, 127, 131, 143-145, 159, Deschampsia 390, 407, 410 170, 186, 207, 250, 251, 261, caespitosa 390, 407, 410 262, 264, 278, 280, 331, 332, subsp. brevifolia 390, 407, 410 361, 419 Descurainia 269, 273-275, 278 Coreocarpus 29, 30 incana 269, 273-275 congregatus 29, 30 ssp. Incana 274 iztapanus 29, 30 ssp. incisa 269, 274 Coreopsidinae 29, 30 var. macrosperma 275 Cornaceae 100 var. major 274 Cornus 172 ssp. procera 269, 274 Critonia 176-180 ssp. viscosa 269, 275 siltepecana 177 var. viscosa 275 Critoniadelphus 179 richardsoni 273-275 Critoniinae 176 var. brevipes 275 Croptilon 59, 128, 130, 132, 136- ssp. incisa 274 138, 141-143, 145-148, 150, var. macrosperma 275 151 ssp. procera 274 divaricatum 148 ssp. viscosa 275 mucronata 146 Desmodium 457 rigtdifolium 150 Deyeuzia 188, 204 Croton 55, 331 eminens 188 wigginsi 331 montevidensis 188 Cryptantha 416 quadriseta 188 fulvocanescens 416 Dichanthelium 85, 86 Cruciferae 278 polyanthes 86 Cupressus 173, 264 sphaerocarpon 85, 86 Cynanchum 160, 269, 270, 278 var. tsophyllum 85 clausum 160 var. polyanthes 86 louiseae 269, 270 Diodia 215 nigrum 269, 270, 278 Dicotyledonae 98, 99 Cyperaceae 1, 4 Dipteracanthus 285, 291 Cyperus 388 drummondianus 285 ochraceus 388 lindhetmerianus 285 nudiflora 291 Datisca 90, 91 Doronicum 167, 168 hirta 90, 91 columnae 167, 168 Datura 423 Drimys 172, 306 lanosa 423 Dryandra 14 Index to taxa, volume 71 493 Dryandra (cont.) hewardiana 14 Eastwoodia 245, 250, 254 Echinodorus 89 Eleocharis 388 Encholirium 66 Ereicoctis 220, 233, 235 acerosa 233 cervantesit 235 Eremogeton 339 Ericameria 59, 64, 149, 254 Erigeron 125, 126, 144, 149, 252, 269, 278, 414-419 carringtoniae 418 compactus 417-419 consimilis 416, 418, 419 lobatus 414 nematophyllus 416, 418 piscaticus 415 sivinskii 416-418 untermanni 418 velutipes 414 sect. Wyomingza 417, 418 Erythronium 101-103 citrznum 101, 103 var. citrinum 102 var. roderickii 101, 102, 103 hendersonit 103 Eulophia 440, 441, 444 alta 440, 441, 444 Eupatorieae 38, 39, 50, 51, 56, 171, 175, 176, 180, 181, 184, 186, 208, 210, 211, 280, 311 Eupatorium 39, 50, 53, 171, 176, 17m, 180; 182,183, 360, 361 antiquorum 183 capillifolium 360, 361 cuspidatum 53 glaucescens 360, 361 heathiae 176, 178 luzi 179 microstemon 182, 183 Eupatorium (cont.) oresbioides 179 perfoliatum 360 sazorum 171 serotinum 361 setigerum 53 stltepecanum 176, 177 Euphorbiaceae 267 Euthamia 64, 126, 144, 149, 252- 256, 260-262 Evaz 269, 271, 272 multicaulis 271, 272 var. drummondii 272 verna 269, 271, 272 var. drummondii 269, 271, 272 Eysenhardtia 55 Fabaceae 87, 269, 276, 279 453, 455, 456 Fabales 97 Ferreyella 208, 210 cuatrecasasi 210 peruviana 208, 210 Festuceae 411 Filaginopsis 272 drummondu 272 Filago 272 verna 272 var. drummondii 272 Fleischmannia 171, 172, 181-183 crocodilia 182 deborabellae 183 pratensis 182 pycnocephala 182 sazorum 171 selerzana 183 suderifica 181, 182 yucatanensis 181, 182 Flemingia 88, 89 grandiflora 88, 89 Frullaniaceae 163 Galium 31 494 PHY TOLOGIA Galium (cont.) richardianum 31 ssp. pusillum 31 Garcibarrigoa 205, 206 Gentiana 226 nigricans 226 Gentianaceae 430, 432 Geraniaceae 170 Gerontogea 236 deppeana 236 microtheca 236 Glyceria 204 Gramineae 187, 202-204, 300, 381, 411 Greenella 261, 262 Grindelia 125, 138, 149 Gundlachia 252-255, 260 Gutierrezia 32, 125, 149, 150, 250- 255, 257-262, 330 sarothrae 330 terana 258 Gymnosperma 150, 252-254, 259, 261, 262 Gynozys 205 Haplopappus 59, 60, 61, 63, 64, 126, 127, 132, 135, 145; 150, 244, 245, 248, 249, 251, 332 acaulis 61 glabratus 61 acradenius 245 alpinus 126 armertoides 61 var. gramineus 61 sect. Asiris 64 carthamozdes 60 var. cusickit 60 sect. Gymnocoma 63 halla 248, 249 sect. Hesperodoria 248 sect. Jsopappus 132, 135, 145 lucidus 60 sect. Macronema 64 volume 71(6):487-509 December 1991 Haplopappus (cont.) sect. Osbertia 132 paniculatus 61 var. paniculatus 61 var. virgatus 61 racemosa 60, 61 ssp. lucidus 60 ssp. pinetorum 61 salicinus 245 scopulorum 245 uniflorus 60 ssp. linearis 60 Harpecarpus 93 madrioides 93 Hazardia 59, 63, 149 Hedeoma 32-37 chihuahuense 34, 36 drummondii 34 hyssopifolium 32, 34 var. chihuahuense 32, 34 irvingii 32, 33, 35, 36 palmeri 32-34 ssp. galeanum 33 var. galeanum 32, 33, 34, 36 var. palmerz 33, 34, 36 reverchoni 34 Hedyotideae 212, 216, 241 Hedyotts 212-242 acerosa 233 var. polypremoides 233 aleranderae 223, 238 angulata 223, 238 arenaria 224, 238 asperuloides 212, 224, 223, 238 var. asperuloides 224 f. brandegeana 224 var. brandegeana 212, 223, 224 auriculata 218 australis 227, 228, 239 boscu 235 brevipes 224, 238 butterwickiae 224, 238 Index to taxa, volume 71 495 Hedyotis (cont.) Hedyotis nigricans (cont.) caerulea 215, 228 callitricoides 237 calycosa 232 canadensis 230 cervantesi 235, 240 correllz 235 corymbosa 235 crassifolia 228, 229, 239 var. micrantha 228 croftiae 233 deppeana 236 dichotoma 225 drymarioides 235 sect. Edrisia 241 ezigula fasciculata 225 fruticosa 217, 218, 242 galeotti 224, 238 gracilenta 224, 238 gracilis 225 greener 225, 238 greenmani 214, 234, 239 halez 237 humifusa 233 intricata 220, 223, 225, 238 kingi 225, 238 lanceolata 232 lancifolia 235 latifolia 214, 222, 225, 238 longifolia 230, 231 var. tenuzfolia 231 longipes 234 michauziana 239 michauzi 229 micrantha 228 microtheca 236 mucronata 217, 223, 225, 238 mullerae 226, 238 nigricans 215, 216, 223, 226, 238 var. angulata 223 var. floridana 226, 238 var. nigricans 226, 238 var. parviflora 223 var. pulvinata 226, 238 nuttalliana 231, 239 ouachitana 231, 242 ovata 236 palmeri 234 parviflora 223, 234 parvula 2227 peninsularis 226, 238 pentandra 237 polypremoides 233 pringle: 236 procumbens 228 var. hirsuta 228 prostrata 227 pumila 235 purpurea 226, 232 var. calycosa 232 var. floridana 226 var. montana 232 pygmaea 229, 235, 240 rosea 229, 242 rubra 234 rupicola 223, 238 salzmannii 236, 241 sazatilis 227, 238 serpyllifolia 229 sharpii 218, 222, 227, 238 sinaloae 237 spellenbergit 234 stenophylla 223, 226 var. parviflora 223 subviscosa 234 taylorae 229 tenella 229 tenurfolia 231 teretifolia 218, 221, 227, 238 thesifolia 236 umbratilis 227, 238 uniflora 237 vegrandis 218, 221, 227, 238 watsoni 236, 240 496 PY D'OiL10 Geen Hedyotis (cont.) wrightit 234 zestosperma 227, 239 Hedyosmum 172 mezicanum 172 Hedysarum 456-459 frutescens 458 violaceum 456-459 Heliantheae 29, 210, 315, 318 Helianthus 379 angustifolius 379 Hesperodoria 59, 244-251, 254, 261 halliz 249 salicinus 244, 245-247 scopulorum 244, 246-248 Heterotheca 109, 116-119, 121, 128- 133, 135-138, 141-148, 150, 151, 252, 253, 263-266, 331 sect. Ammodia 121, 133, 136, 141, 142, 143, 145, 147, 150, 151 bartlettwi17, 131,132,133, 135, 144 chihuahuana 130, 146, 148, 264- 266 sect. Heterotheca 119, 121, 133, 136, 137, 141, 142, 143, 144, 147, 150, 151 inuloides 147 mezicana 138, 141, 142, 264 mucronata 130 oregona 143, 145, 151 sect. Phyllotheca 133, 136, 138, 143, 147, 150, 151 stenophylla 138, 141, 142, 150 thinticola 331 vandevenderorum 128, 129, 263, 264 Heuchera 481 americana 481 Hieracium 319, 320, 321 gypsophilum 319, 320 pringler 319, 320 Hilaria 417 volume 71(6):487-509 December 1991 Hilaria (cont.) jamesi 417 Homalopetalum 440-442, 444 costaricensis 440, 442 lehmanniana 440-442 pachyphyllum 442 pumilio 440-442, 444 pumilum 442 vomeriforme 442 Homopappus 61 paniculatus 61 Hoorebekia 244, 249 hallit 249 Horkelia 87, 96, 420-422 californica 420, 421 subsp. dissita 420, 421 subsp. frondosa 420-422 cuneata 96 elata 420, 421 frondosa 420, 421 fusca 87, 96 var. parviflora 87, 96 glandulosa 421 grandis 422 parviflora 96 Hosackia 94, 95 purshiana 94, 95 untfoliata 94, 95 Houstonia 215-235, 238-243 acerosa 230, 233, 239 ssp. acerosa 233, 239 var. polypremoides 233, 239 angustifolia 226, 238 arenaria 224 asperuloides 224 var. brandegeana 224 australis 227, 228, 238 brandegeana 224 brevipes 224 butterwickae 224 caerulea 214, 215, 218, 219, 223, 228, 239 var. fatonorum 228 Index to taxa, volume 71 497 Houstonia (cont.) subgen. Caerulea 216 calycosa 232 canadensis 230, 239 var. setiscaphia 230 subgen. Chamisme 214-216, 218, 219, 222, 230 ciliolata 230, 239 correllzi 233, 239 croftiae 214, 233, 239 drymartoides 235 sect. Hreicotis 220 sect. Ericotis 214, 217-219, 222, 233 fasciculata 220, 225, 238 floridana 226 fruticosa 225 gracilenta 224 gracilis 214, 225 greenez 225 subgen. Houstonia 215, 217-219, 2215228 humifusa 233, 239 kingit 225 lanceolata 232, 239 latefolia 225 linnaez 228, 229 var. elatior 228 var. minor 229 longifolia 230, 231, 239 var. compacta 230 var. glabra 230 var. longifolia 230, 231, 239 var. musc2 231 var. soperz 231 var. tenuifolia 231, 239 longipes 234 micrantha 214, 215, 228, 239 minima 229, 239 minor 229 pusilla 229 montana 232, 239, 243 mucronata 225 Houstonia (cont.) mullerae 226 nigricans 226, 238, 242 var. floridana 226 var. pulvinata 226 ouachitana 231, 239 palmeri 234, 239 parviflora 214, 217, 234, 239 parvula 227 patens 229 var. pusilla 229 peninsularis 226 polypremoides 233 var. bigeloviz 233 procumbens 215, 219, 228, 239 prostrata 227, 238 var. parvula 227 pulvinata 226 purpurea 213, 214, 216, 218, 219, 230, 232, 239, 242 var. calycosa 232, 239 var. montana 232, 239, 242 var. purpurea 232, 239 pusilla 214, 215, 229, 239 pygmaea 229, 235, 239 rosea 217, 219, 221, 229, 239 rotundifolia 228, 239 rubra 214, 218, 219, 234, 239 rupicola 233 salina 226, 238 saxicola 234, 239 serpyllifolia 229, 239 setiscaphia 230, 239 sharpit 227 spellenbergii 212, 223, 234, 239 subviscosa 214, 216, 234, 239 tenella 229, 239 tenuifolia 231, 239 tenuis 226, 238 teretifolia 227 umbratilis 227 wrightii 220, 234, 240 zestosperma 227 498 PHYTOLO GIA Humiriaceae 165 Humiriastrum 165, 166 liesneri 165, 166 Hydrastidaceae 462 Hydrastis 462, 464, 465 canadensis 462, 464, 465 Hydrophyllaceae 269, 277, 359, 445, 451, 452 Hydrophyllum 463, 464 virginianum 463 Hystertonica 150 Inuloideae 143 Tonactis 125, 126, 136, 137, 138, 141, 142, 144, 146, 148, 149, 151 cteloatica 148 Isocoma 59, 150 Ivesia 421, 422 Jatropha 423 Juniperus 55, 264, 266 Justicia 281 Keckiella 330 antirrhinoides 330 ssp. microphylla 330 Koanophyllon 176, 177 hylonomum 177 jinotegense 176 pittert 177 Kosteletzkya 387, 388 depressa 387, 388 section Kosteletzkya 387 virginica 388 Kuhnia 269, 271, 280 critonia 271 eupatorioides 269, 271, 280 var. eupatorioides 271 var. gracilis 269, 271 paniculata 271 Labiatae 37 Lactuceae 319 Lamiaceae 32, 167 volume 71(6):487-509 December 1991 Lasallea 126 Lathyrus 269, 276, 277 japonicus 269, 276, 277 var. glaber 277 ssp. japonicus 276 ssp. maritimus 276, 277 var. maritimus 269, 276, 277 maritimus 277 Leguminosae 98, 279, 455, 459 Lespedeza 456-460 divergens 457, 458 frutescens 456-458 intermedia 456-459 intermediata 458 procumbens 457 repens 457 reticulata 457, 458 sessiliflora 457, 458 stuver 458 var. intermedia 458 violacea 456-458 virginica 457, 458 var. sessiliflora 457, 458 Leucophyllum 337-339 flyrit 337, 338 frutescens 338 hintoniorum 337, 338 pruinosum 338 revolutum 338 zygophyllum 338 Liliaceae 101, 103 Limnanthemum 430, 431 humboldtianum 431 Limodorum 441 alta 441 Lophotocarpus 99 Loteae 98 Lotus 87, 94-96 americanus 94, 95 creticus 94 helleri 96 purshianus 87, 94-96 var. hellerz 96 Index to taxa, volume 71 499 Lotus (cont.) sericeus 94, 95 sect. Simpeteria 99 unifoliatus 87, 94-96 var. helleri 87, 96 Lychnidea 475 Machaeranthera 59, 63, 65, 120, 122- 126, 137, 138, 143, 144, 148- 150, 251-253,.261 sect. Integrifoliae 122 kingw 125 var. barnebeyana 125 sect. Machaeranthera 123 pinnatifida 65 sect. Psilactis 144, 251, 261 sect. Xylorhiza 122 Mada 87, 93 ezigua 87, 93 filipes 93 Harpecarpus 93 Mallostoma 224 acerosa 224 Malvaceae 387, 389 Manettia 224 hebmannii 224 Marsilea 388 macropoda 388 Melica 204 Melochia 387 depressa 387 Menodora 340-356 chithuahuaensis 354 coulteri 341, 342-344, 348, 351, 352 var. coulterz 342-344 var. minima 342-344, 348 decemfida 352, 354 var. longifolia 352 var. longiflora 354 helianthemoides 341, 344, 345, 347, 348, 355, 356 var. engelmannii 344 Menodora helianthemoides (cont.) var. helianthemoides 356 var. humilis 348 var. magniflora 348 var. parviflora 344 heterophylla 340-342, 344-346 var. australis 346 hintoniorum 340, 341, 345, 346 hispida 348 intricata 342, 345-347, 351 var. purpusi 347 jaliscana 340, 341, 345, 347 laevis 352 longiflora 340, 342, 347-349, 351 magniflora 340, 341, 348, 350 mezicana 341, 351, 356 mullerae 351 pinnatifida 346 potosiensis 340, 342, 351 pubens 348 scabra 340, 342, 346, 350, 352, 354 var. glabrescens 352 var. laevis 352 var. longituba 352 var. ramosissima 352 scoparia 352, 354 spinescens 342, 349, 355 var. mohavensis 355 tehuacana 340, 342, 348, 351, 353, 355 Menodoropsis 347 longiflora 347 Menyanthaceae 429, 430, 432 Menyanthes 431 indica 431 Microstegium 379 vimineum 379 Mikania 184-186 castroi 184 gonzalezi 184-186 petrina 186 verapazensis 184, 185 500 PRY POLO CIA Mimosa 388 pigra 388 Mitella 480, 481 Monoptilon 150 Montanoa 55 Myrsinaceae 470 Nama 357-359 bartlettiz 357, 358 biflorum 358, 359 hintoniorum 357, 358 jamaicense 358, 359 marshit 358 palmeri 358 propinquum 358 stenocarpum 358 Nardophyllum 259 Neanotis 221 Nectandra 173 Neostapfia 204 Nesomia 208-210 chiapensis 208-210 Noticastrum 109, 112, 115, 116, 118, 119, 120, 121, 130, 133, 134, 136, 137, 141, 142, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151 acuminatum 119, 120, 150 hatschbachi 147, 150 macrocephalum 150 marginatum 118 Nymphoides 429-432 humboldtiana 430, 431 indica 429-431 Nyssa 468-471 aquatica 468-471 ogeche 470 sylvatica 469, 470 Nyssaceae 468 Oenothera 273 albicaulis 273 nuttalliz 273 Oldenlandia 212-223, 225, 227, 231, 233-237, 240-242 volume 71(6):487-509 December 1991 Oldenlandia (cont.) acerosa 233 bosci 235, 240 callitrichoides 237, 242 corymbosa 221, 235, 240, 241 deppeana 236 drymarioides 235, 240 greene 225, 238 halez 237 herbacea 236 humifusa 233 lancifolia 235, 236, 240 latifolia 225 microtheca 218, 225, 236, 240 ovata 236, 240 pentandra 237 pringler 223, 236, 240 purpurea 231, 232 var. tenutfolia 231 rubra 234 salzmannu 236, 240, 241 subviscosa 234 thesifolia 236 uniflora 237, 240 restosperma 227 Oldenlandieae 242 Oldenlandiopsis 212, 213, 215, 218, 221, 223, 237, 240, 242 callitrichoides 221, 237, 240 Oleaceae 340 Oligoneuron 253, 257, 261 Olivaea 150 Oncidium 440, 442, 443 lanceanum 440, 442, 443 var. louvresianum 443 forma aureum 442, 443 Onoclea 379 sensibilis 379 Oonopsis 58-60, 150 foltosa 58, 60 var. monocephala 58, 60 monocephala 60 Opuntia 330 Index to taxa, volume 71 501 Opuntia (cont.) chlorotica 330 - Orberlium 457 pedunculatum 457 var. psoralioides 457 Orchidaceae 322, 325, 440, 441, 443, 444 Oreochrysum 253, 257 Oritrophium 150 Oryzeae 204 Osbertia 65, 109, 112, 115, 116, 130- 137, 141-151, 264, 266 bartlettii 118, 132, 133, 134, 148 chihuahuana 133, 264 stolonifera 132-134 Ostrya 173 Oxylobinae 210 Panaz 472, 473 quinquefolium 472, 473 trifolium 472 Paniceae 86 Panicum 85, 86, 204, 300-302, 379 Capillaria group 300 subgen. Dichanthelium 85, 86 elegans 204 firmandum 86 microcarpon 85, 86 var. tsophyllum 85 mohavense 300-302 multiflorum 86 subgen. Panicum 86 polyanthes 85, 86 sphaerocarpon 85, 86 var. isophyllum 85 var. polyanthes 85, 86 Papilionoideae 98 Parastrephia 259 Paspalum 388 Passiflora 425 Pellaea 330 mucronata 330 Pellaea mucronata (cont.) var. mucronata 330 Pennisetum 161 Penstemon 330, 333-336 barbatus 334, 336 cardinalis 334 subsp. regalis 334 eatonit 334 sect. Elmigera 334, 336 galloensis 333, 335, 336 sect. Glabri 334 sect. Habroanthus 334-336 series Habroanthus 335 subg. Habroanthus 333-335 henricksonit 334, 335 imberbis 334-336 labrosus 334, 335 laevis 334, 336 lanceolatus 336 lerophyllus 334 sect. Leptostemon 336 luteus 333, 334, 336 palmeri 334 subg. Penstemon 334 pseudospectabilis 330 var. pseudospectabilis 330 series Racemosi 336 regalis 334 series Speciosi 336 speciosus 334, 336 series Virgati 336 wislizent 334, 335 Pentodon 212, 213, 221, 222, 237, 240 halez 237 pentandrus 221, 237, 240 Perymenium 315-318 cornutum 317 glandulosum 317 hintoni 317 hintoniorum 315-317 tamaulipense 315, 317 502 PHY TOL O'GPA Petradoria 150, 244-248, 250, 252- 255, 257-261 discoidea 248 pumila 248 Phacelia 269, 277-279, 445-451 altotonga 445-447, 450 carmenensis 445-447, 448, 450 subgenus Cosmanthus 445-447, 451, 452 dasyphylla 277, 278 frigida 277, 278 ssp. dasyphylla 278 hastata 269, 277, 278 var. compacta 277 var. dasyphylla 269, 277, 278 heterophylla 277, 278 var. dasyphylla 277, 278 magellanica 277, 279 f{. minor 277 neffii 445-448-451 patuliflora 445, 446, 448, 450, 451 var. patuliflora 451 platycarpa 445, 446, 450, 451 pulcherrima 445-447, 450 strictiflora 445 zaragozana 445-447, 450 Phanerostylis 38-40, 42, 45-50 coahuilensis 42, 46, 49 glutinosa 39 nesomit 46, 49 pedunculosa 42, 46 Phloz 475-477 glaberrima 475-477 paniculata 475 Photinia 172 Phragmites 161 Pilosocereus 269, 275, 276 deeringu 276 robiniz 269, 275, 276 var. deeringii 269, 275, 276 Pinelia 441, 442 lehmanniana 441, 442 volume 71(6):487-509 December 1991 Pinelia (cont.) pumilio 441 tuerckheimi 442 Pinus 171, 173, 264, 266 ayacauite 266 durangensis 264 teocote 264, 266 Pisum 269, 277 maritumum 277 var. glabrum 277 var. maritumum 277 Pitcairnia 66-83, 104-107 abundans 83 arida 66, 68 basincurva 82, 83 betancurii 67, 71 brachysperma 78 diffusa 67 explosiva 67, 69 farinosa 70, 72 fluvialis 73, 74 formosa 78, 81 fruticosa 78, 80 gemmipara 76, 78, 79 haughti 67 johannis 73 leprdopetalon 104, 106, 107 oranensis 70 subgen. Pitcairnia 107 ramosii 104-107 semaphora 73, 76 setipetiola 73, 75 sodiroi 76, 78 ventidirecta 76 77 Pitcairnioideae 66, 104, 108 Pityopsis 118, 128, 130, 131, 136, 138, 141-143, 145-148, 150 falcata 150 microcephala 150 ruthi 150 Platyaechmea 57 fasciata 57 var. purpurea 57 Index to taxa, volume 71 503 Pleuropogon 204 Poa hartzii (cont.) Poa 390-413 abbreviata 390-396, 398, 400 subsp. abbreviata 390, 391, 393 subsp. jordalit 393 subsp. marshii 390-393 subsp. pattersonii 390-395, 400 sect. Abbreviatae 405 alpigena 404 var. colpodea 404 f. vivipara 404 alpina 396 var. purpurascens 396 ammophila 404, 405, 407 ampla 401 sect. Andinae 405 arctica 390, 395, 396, 404 subsp. arctica 396 subsp. lanata 390, 395, 396 subsp. longiculmis 396 sect. Arctopoa 405 arida 402 brintnelliz 396 canbyz 402, 407 cusicki 390, 396 subsp. epilis 396 subsp. purpurascens 390, 396 var. purpurascens 396 subsect. Epiles 410 “Epiles” group 413 epilis 410 evagens 390, 410 fendleriana 401, 413 subsp. longiligula 401 fernaldiana 398, 400 x fibrata 390, 403 fleruosa 399 glacialis 400 © glauca 392, 399 gracillema 402 subsect. Halophytae 407, 410 hartzi 390, 404-410 subsp. alaskana 390, 404, 406, 407-409 subsp. ammophila 390, 404- 407, 410 subsp. hartziz 407, 409, 410 incurva 402 jordali 391, 393-395 juncifolia 401 subsp. junczfolia 401 subsp. porterz 401 komarovit 395 lanata 395 lara 390, 392, 396-401, 413 subsp. banffiana 390, 396 397, 399-401 subsp. fleruosa 398, 399 subsp. fernaldzana 398-400 subsp. laza 398 var. occidentalis 396 lettermani 395 x limosa 403 longifolia 411 longipila 396 sect. Madropoa 410 subsect. Madropoa 410 malacantha 395 merrilliana 400, 401 Nevadenses group 402 nevadensis 401, 403 sect. Oreinos 398 pattersoni 392, 393 paucispicula 398, 400, 401 sect. Poa 395 piperz 410 subgen. Poa 410 pratensis 390, 403, 404 subsp. alpigena 390, 403, 404 subsp. colpodea 404 var. colpodea 390, 403, 404 pseudoabbreviata 399-401, 411 rigens 404 subsp. colpodea 404 504 PaO LO GLA Poa (cont.) sandbergii 402 scabrella 402 Scabrellae group 402 secunda 390, 392, 401, 402, 406, 407, 410, 412 subsp. juncifolia 390, 401-403 subsp. secunda 402, 406, 407 sect. Secundae 405, 407, 410 subsect. Secundae 410 stricta 403 subsp. colpodea 403 unilateralis 410 williamsii 396 Poaceae 85, 86, 187, 202, 203, 379, 390, 413 Poales 4 Poeae 405 Podaechmea 57 Podalyrieae 98 Poiretia 228 procumbens 228 Polemoniaceae 475 Polygonum 388 Pooideae 187 Portulacaceae 58, 63 Potamogetonaceae 434, 435 Potentilla 420-422 californica 421 var. elata 421 var. frondosa 421 elata 421 var. dissita 421 frondosa 421 glandulosa 422 [G] incisa 422 luteosericea 420 rimicola 420, 421 Subviscosae 420 viscidula 420 wheeleri 420, 421 var. paupercula 420 subsp. rimicola 420 volume 71(6):487-509 December 1991 Potentilla wheeler: (cont.) var. rimicola 420 Potentilleae 422 Prionopsis 59, 138, 149 Prosopis 388 glandulosa 388 Pseudogynozys 205-207 boquetensis 206 chenopodioides 206 temblina 206 Psoralea 457 melilotoides 457 Pteridophyta 459 Pterocarpus 382 Puccinellia 411 Puya 66 Pyrrocoma 58-61, 64, 150, 244, 249 carthamoides 58, 60 var. cusickii 58, 60 gossypina 61 hallii 249 hirta 58, 60 var. sonchifolia 58, 60 linearis 58, 60 lucida 58, 60 racemosa 58, 61 var. paniculata 58, 61 var. pinetorum 58, 61 sonchifolia 60 uniflora 58, 61 var. gossypina 58, 61 Quercus 172, 173, 264, 306, 423, 448 glaucoides 448 hypoleucoides 448 rugosa 448 siderozyla 264 Rafinesquia 330 californica 330 Ranunculaceae 307, 462 Restrepia 441 lehmanniana 441 Rhamnus 470 Index to taxa, volume 71 505 Rhamnus (cont.) frangula 470 ’ Rhus 87, 90-92, 97, 330 aromatica 330 var. trilobata 330 hirta 87, 90, 91, 97 tozicarium 91, 92 tozicodendron 91, 92 var. quercifolium 92 tridentata 90 typhina 90, 91 Peis iueeia 440, 443 candida 440, 443 Roldana 56 Rosaceae 280, 420, 422 Rubia 31 pusilla 31 Rubiaceae 31, 212, 213, 215, 216, 241, 242 Ruellia 87, 88, 281-299 brittoniana 281, 282, 284, 289, 297 caroliniensis 281, 283, 284, 286 var. cinerascens 87, 88 var. salicina 284 var. semicalva 284 var. serrulata 284 ciliosa 88, 288 var. cinerascens 88 corzoi 281, 283-285, 290, 292, 294, 298 davistorum 293, 294 drummondiana 281, 283-286 drushelw 284, 285 var. macrocarpa 285 glabrata 290 humilis 281, 283, 285, 287, 288, 294, 298 var. depauperata 287, 288 var. expansa 288 var. frondosa 288 var. humilis 287, 288 var. longiflora 288 Ruellia (cont.) malacosperma 281, 282, 284, 289, 297 metzae 281-283, 287, 289 var. marshi 289 muellerz 289 noctiflora 283, 289 nudiflora 281-283, 285, 289-294, 298 var. humilis 285, 290 var. insularis 293 var. nudiflora 285, 290-293 var. occidentalis 290, 293 var. runyonii 281, 285, 291- 293 var. yucatana 298 occidentalis 281, 283, 291-294 var. wrighti 293, 294 parryi 281, 282, 285, 294, 295 pedunculata 281, 283, 284, 294, 295 pinetorum 294, 298 runyoni 291 var. berlandierz 291 strepens 281, 283, 284, 296, 298 var. cleistantha 298 strictopaniculata 293, 294 tuberosa 293, 298 var. occidentalis 293 yucatana 281, 283-285, 291, 293, 294, 296, 298 Ruppia 433, 434 maritima 433, 434 Ruppiaceae 433, 435 Sagittaria 87, 89, 90, 97, 99 latifolia 87, 89 var. obtusa 87, 89 longiloba 87, 90 obtusa 89 obtuszfolia 89 simplex 90 variabilis 89 506 Piet OE OG FA Sagittaria variabilis (cont.) var. obtusa 89 Salazaria 330 mezicana 330 Saliz 161 Salvia 167-169, 330 greatae 167-169 greataz 167-169 mohavensis 330 Sarcobatus 417 vermiculatus 417 Sarcochilus 322-324 aequalis 322-324 hartmannit 322, 324 Sarcostemma 160-162 subgen. Ceramenthus 160 ser. Clausa 160 clausum 160, 161 crispum 161 cynanchoides 161 var. cynanchoides 161 var. hartwegi 161 torreyz 161 Saurauia 173 Saururaceae 100 Saxifragaceae 479, 482 Schizachne 204 Sclerocarpus 93 eziguus 93 Scrophulariaceae 170, 333, 336, 337, 339 Sechium 172 compositum 172 Senecio 56, 205-207, 304-306, 326, 327, 329-331 acutangulus 306 boquetensis 205, 206 cordovensis 306 cristobalensis 306 douglas 329, 332 flaccidus 329, 332 gesnerifolius 56 lyoni 329 volume 71(6):487-509 Senecio (cont.) macrobtrys 306 mezquitalanus 56 monoensis 329 oazacanus 304, 306 series Palmatinervi 304, 306 pinacatensis 326, 327, 329, 330 Suffruticost complex 326, 329- 331 temblina 205, 205 tonii 304-306 Senecioneae 56, 205, 207, 331 Senna 453, 454 occidentalis 453, 454 Silphium 269, 272, 280 compositum 269, 272, 280 ssp. compositum 272 ssp. venosum 272 var. venosum 269, 272 venosum 272 Sisymbrieae 278 Sisymbrium 269, 273-275, 278 canescens 273-275, 278 var. brevipes 275 var. major 274 incanum 273, 274 richardson 273, 274, 278 Solanaceae 362, 377 Solanum 362-378 sect. Acanthophora 365, 377 aculeatissimum 365 americanum 376 sect. Androceras 378 campechiense 363, 367 capsicastrum 364, 370 capsicoides 363, 365 carolinense 364, 371, 372 {. albiflorum 371 citrullifolium 362, 364, 368, 370 var. citrullifolium 368 var. setigerum 362, 368 davisense 362, 363, 369 dimidiatum 364, 371, 372 December 1991 Index to taxa, volume 71 507 Solanum dimidiatum (cont.) Solidago 58, 61, 62, 64, 124, 150, f. album 372 248, 250, 252-261, 428 diphyllum 377 altissuma 258 douglasw 365, 374, 375 auriculata 256 elaeagnifolium 363, 364, 366 bicolor 256 f. albiflorum 366 brachyphylla 256 erianthum 364, 370 caesta 256 fendleri 364, 373 chapmanii 258 Var. fendleri 373 discoidea 252, 255-258 var. terense 373 glutinosa 61, 62, 64, 428 heterodorum 362, 363, 367, 368 ssp. randi 62, 428 var. heterodorum 368 var. randiz 62 var. novomezicanum 368 hintoniorum 257 var. setigeroides 362, 368 macrophylla 256, 257 interius 362, 365, 375, 376 nemoralis 258 jamesi 364, 372 odora 258 leptosepalum 364, 372 petrolaris 257, 261 lindheimerianum 374 ptarmicordes th sect. Maurella 377 simplex 58, 61, 64, 428 : ssp. randu 61, 428 ea aie are var. randii 58, 61, 428 var. interius 376 255-2 nadsforurn 376 sphacelata 252, 255-258 Imifolia 256 pseudocapsicum 365, 373, 374 ie 61. 257 ptycanthum 365, 375, 376 f ee roemerianum 366 smolts O57 TO Ae Sophia 269, 274, 275 sarrachoides 362, 365, 375 brevipes 275 sisymbritfolium 363, 366 procera 274 sect. Solanum 375, 377 Secesaia tenuipes 362, 363, 369, 370 Sophoreae 98 var. latisectum 370 Sparganiaceae 87 var. tenuzpes 370 Spermacoceae 215 tezense 366 Spermatophyta 424, 459 torreyt 371 Spraguea 62 triflorum 364, 373 umbellata 62 triquetrum 365, 374 var. caudicifera 62 sect. Tuberarium 377 Stellaria 483 verbascifolium 370 cusptdata 483, 485 verrucosum 372 hintoniorum 483-485 villosum 375 Stenotus 58, 59, 60, 61, 64, 150, 244- Solidagininae 244, 248, 250, 252-255, 247, 250, 253, 254 258-260, 262-264, 266 acaulis 58, 61, 246 508 PHY TOLO'GTA Stenotus acaulis (cont.) var. glabratus 58, 61 armerioides 58, 61, 246 var. gramineus 58, 61 caespitosus 61 pulvinatus 247 Stephanodoria 144, 150 Stephanomeria 331 schottw 331 Stipa 204, 330 robusta 204 speciosa 330 var. speciosa 330 viridula 204 Stipeae 204 Stylidiaceae 5, 26, 28 Stylidium 5-28 albolilacinum 5-7 amoenum 8 articulatum 20, 25 brunonianum 8 calcaratum 18 carlquistii 6, 8, 9 coatesianum 8, 10-12 cymiferum 10, 11, 13 diuroides 5, 6, 18, 20-22 var. albolilacinum 5, 6 ssp. diuroides 6, 20, 22 ssp. paucifoliatum 18, 21 drummondianum 14, 15 ecorne 18, 28 edentatum 18 emarginatum 20, 23, 24 ssp. emarginatum 20, 24 ssp. exappendiculatum 20, 23 ezoglossum 5, 26 hispidum 14 keigheryi 16, 17 lineatum 10, 11 longitubum 20, 26 lowrrveanum 8 maitlandianum 8 volume 71(6):487-509 December 1991 Stylidium (cont.) mimeticum 16, 18, 19 miniatum 14 piliferum 14 pritzelianum 16 pseudohirsutum 26 pubigerum 14 pygmaeum 5, 26, 27 spathulatum 10, 11 ssp. acuminatum 10 ssp. glandulosum 10 striatum 8 utriculartoides 18, 20, 26 Swertia 416 radiata 416 Symplocos 172 Teucrium 330 glandulosum 330 Thunbergia 87-89 fragrans 88 grandiflora 87-89 Thurovia 252-254, 258, 261, 262 Thymelaeaceae 267 Tiarella 479-482 cordifolia 479-481 var. austrina 480 var. collina 480 var. cordifolia 480 trifoliata 479-481 polyphylla 479 uniflora 479 wherryz 479, 480 Tomentaurum 128, 129, 130, 136, 137, 141, 142, 144, 147, 148, 150, 1515263 niveum 263 vandenvenderorum 128, 129, 263 Tonestus 59, 64, 122-126, 144, 149, 150, 244, 245, 250, 251, 253, 254, 257 aberrans 122, 124, 125, 250 Index to taxa, volume 71 509 Tonestus (cont.) alpinus 124 ezimus 124, 125 graniticus 124, 250 kingii 122, 125 var. kingi 125 var. barnebeyana 122, 125 lyallia 124, 125 microcephalus 124, 125 peirsoni 124, 125 pygmaeus 124, 125 Townsendia 150, 269, 272, 273, 278, 280 alpigena 269, 272, 273 var. caelilinensis 269, 273, 273 montana 272, 273 var. caelilinensis 273 scapigera 272 Tozicodendron 87, 91, 92, 97, 98 pubescens 87, 91, 92 quercifolium 91, 92 radicans 92 tozicarium 91, 92, 97 toricodendron 91, 92 vulgare 91, 92 Trigonella 94, 95 americana 94, 95 Tripsacum 411 Turpinia 173 Typha 436-438 angustifolia 437 domingensis 436-438 latifolia 437 truzillensis 437 Typhaceae 436, 437, 439 Umbelliferae 280 Unamia 257 Vanclevea 150, 244-247, 250, 251, 254 stylosa 247 Verbena 428 spuria 428 Vernonia 379 missurica 379 Veronica 428 maritima 428 Villarsia 431 humboldtianum 431 Vincetozium 270 nigrum 270 Warneria 462-465 canadensis 462-465 Xanthisma 150 Xanthocephalum 150, 254, 261, 262 Xylorhiza 122-124, 127, 138 glabriuscula 122 wrightw 124 Xylothamia 59, 64, 126, 144, 150, 252-255, 259, 262 Zea 202, 411 mays 202 Zephyranthes 330 longifolia 330 Zizania 204 Phytologia (December 1991) 71(6):510-511. INDEX TO REVIEWERS, VOLUME 71 The editor express his most sincere appreciation to the following individ- uals. These are persons who have reviewed papers that were submitted for publication in volume 71 of Phytologia. Without the willingness and diligence of these reviewers, the task of the editor would be much more difficult, and the quality of the papers published would be lessened. To each of you, I offer my most sincere thanks. Michael J. Warnock, Editor. Aiken, S. Groves, E. Atwood, J.T. Hampshire, R. Baird, G. Henrickson, J. Barkley, T.M. Hickman, J.C. Barneby, R.C. Jarvis, C.E. Barrie, F.R. Jones, A.G. Bierner, M. Kellogg, E.A. Boyd, S. Kirkbride, Jr., J.H. Brown, G.K. Kress, W.J. Brown, L.E. Lellinger, D.B. Bryson, C.T. Lersten, N.R. Campbell, C.S. Lewis, W.H. Castaner, D. Lonard, R. Craven, L.A. Luckow, M.A. Crawford, D.J. Massey, J. Davis, J. Mayfield, M. Errter, B. McDonald, J.A. Escobar, L. Nesom, G.L. Ezcurra, E. Nicolson, D.H. Felger, R. Palacios-Rios, M. Fryxell, P.A. Peterson, C. Funk, V.A. Powell, A.M. Gandhi, K.N. Ramamoorthy, T.P. Garcia-Franco, J.G. Index to reviewers, volume 71 511 Robinson, H. Thorne, R.F. Robson, N.B.K. Toolin, L. ’ Shevock, J. Turner, B.L. Simpson, B. Wallace, B.J. Smith, A. Wasshausen, D.C. Soule, J. Watson, C.E. Stearn, W.T. Werth, C.R. Sundell, E. Wilken, D. Symon, D.E. Wipff, J.K. Terrell, E.E. Woodruff, L. Thompson, D.M. Wurdack, J.J. Phytologia (December 1991) 71(6):512. DISPOSITION OF MANUSCRIPTS RECEIVED FOR VOLUMES 70 AND 71 Manuscripts listed below include those received after examination by two or more reviewers. A note of appreciation to reviewers is found on page 510 with the list of reviewers. Manuscripts received without review are not considered for publication until review has been completed. 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