A re ~ PHYTOLOGIA- os | An international jaune to.expedite plant systematic, phytogeographical and ecological publication Vol. 18 | January 1995 No. 1 CONTENTS | _ KARTES?, J.T. & K.N. GANDHI, Nomenelatural notes for the North Amer- ics flora RIV: Soe ia cea ening feck a atte oe eg 1 _ MACROBERTS, B.R. & M.H. MACROBERTS, Vatoular flora of two cal- careous prairie remnants on the Kisatchie National Forest, Louisiana. Sik Labs i ipn'n ka ge Mehl w meee Cd alee h be weveue ues Ub ee eue Oe iis Eos ho bake = TURN ER, B.L., New species of Seymeria (Sctophilaracee) foin México. $n a Aivalb ne + Orie gee Peale CHEE INES PETERS REET eee Cees: amen eas 28 TURN ER, B.L., A new species of Bb Mie (Asteraceae) from north- eastern Mésise: Winnie Siig Rig sleoa Gale aaah win vk sain agree sacos Bie Sake b's boy ER SS 36 _- TURNER, B.L., Synopsis of the genus ‘Danstiaiiacs (Bareanaeas): oats |! _ NESOM, G.L. & G.I. BAIRD, Comments on “the Chetectharnicie. Ericame- | Tia connection. ......05..5 TDR the eed eect eet te ete e ee ecreeneennenges 61 : - Books received. Rigas eck ei eS isk Pecks akan Pope cs Pe Roe Hee "Disposition of manuscripts esters for volumes 76 and 77. . : Fevkis se 69 | Corrections and additions. ......... Paar ee eee Pre ccyeee fn trs 70 "Publication dates for valine Tr. Me emevaeua ys She Mae N ae ee coy hes i | _ Phytologia Memoirs available. Susawty eaves ; ; le a een ur aes 72 watt eo caw oemaenrarec op cocarestreero _ eS PA aE SRR OE ; : . m Beets Published by Michael J. Warnock | 185 Wisetciioe Drive’ Huntsville, Texas 77340 U. S. A. Bebo aiden ns is paotee on acid: free aac : — -PHYTOLOGIA An international jaune to.expedite plant systematic, phytogeographical and ecological publication ~ Vol. 78 | January 1995 No. 1 CONTENTS ~KARTESZ, J.T. & K.N. GANDHI, ‘Nomenclatural notes for the North Amer- Rene FeO Sek Vises GR ERSTE sR DS ae le ae scene ede pease ee 1 _MAGROBERTS, B.R. & M.H. MACROBERTS, Vascular flora of two cal- careous prairie remnants on the Kisatchie National Forest, Louisiana. Pie edema aa Ven OCH NERS wa Dome a cid a Peas SO ENO ee ONT RE Hine Soa te 18 peal B.L., New species of Seymeria (Scrophulariaceae) from Mexico: By o eaWc bk sae SLs pn SUA a ERED PRET RL OPEN be RENCE: Eee Mega © nwa 28 TURN ER, B.L., A new species of Trigonospermum (Asteraceae) from north- eastern Mésizo: WARREN br dN a AI y mney aad ty ae EEG ANE NOS tei cae Ka 36 fi TURNER, B.L., Synopsis of the oeukie Onosmotium (Boraginaceae). ...,39 NESOM, G.L. & G.I. BAIRD, Concnante on “the Chrysothamnus — Ericame- Psa COMMS CHI oe wen y Seen RO ob eiig CAPs Ea SED ace ee ae we eee 61 Bids eae oc ie ae celatpe sewed wey cas 66 Disposition of manuscripts received for volumes 76 and 77. .. pS a PS 69 . Corrections and additions. : A prays Dae dae en ay eee ees Bes 70 Publication dates for aa Ta! oid eg URES TE SGsiadtnion our g tow ee doa 71 “Phytologia Memoirs available. Sethe eis sores 72 Bor Published ay Michael J. Warnock . | 185 Westridge Drive Huntsville, Texas 77340. U-S.A. PHYTOLOGIA is printed on acid free paper. — % Fee. = Si) ria? hot Phytologia (January 1995) 78(1):1-17. NOMENCLATURAL NOTES FOR THE NORTH AMERICAN FLORA. XIV. John T. Kartesz & Kancheepuram N. Gandhi North Carolina Botanical Garden, Department of Biology, Coker Hall, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3280 U.S.A. ABSTRACT The nomenclature and taxonomy of the following are discussed: Aeonium haworthi, Aspidium alpestre, Athyrium alpestre, Braya glabella, B. purpurascens, Cardamine californica, C. integrifolia, Halimodendron halodendron, Huperzia occidentalis, Platanthera x keenanti, Platan- thera zothecina, Platypetalum purpurascens, Prosopis odorata, Sarrace- nia purpurea, Sempervivum haworthi, Senecio cineraria, Spirolobium odoratum, Sporobolus aspera, and Sporobolus compositus. The North American phytogeography of Botrychium pumicola and Ophioglossum azoricum is discussed. Four new combinations and one status novum are proposed: Sporobolus compositus var. drummondii (Trin.) Kartesz & Gandhi, comb. nov.; Sporobolus compositus var. macer (Trin.) Kartesz & Gandhi, comb. nov.; Tetraneuris acaulis var. epunc- tata (A. Nelson) Kartesz & Gandhi, comb. nov.; Tetraneuris acaulis var. nana (Welsh) Kartesz & Gandhi, comb. nov.; Ceanothus greggi A. Gray ssp. franklinii (Welsh) Kartesz & Gandhi, stat. nov. KEY WORDS: Floristics, Nomenclature, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Crassulaceae, Dryopteridaceae, Fabaceae, Lycopodiaceae, Ophioglos- saceae, Orchidaceae, Poaceae, Rhamnaceae, Sarraceniaceae, Aeo- nium, Athyrium, Botrychium, Braya, Cardamine, Ceanothus, Den- taria, Halimodendron, Huperzia, Hymenozys, Ophioglossum, Pla- tanthera, Prosopis, Rkamnus, Sarracenia, Senecio, Sporobolus, Tetra- neuris Introduction Continuing with the “NOMENCLATURAL NOTES FOR THE NORTH AMERICAN FLORA” (Kartesz & Gandhi 1989, 1990a, b, c, 1991a, b, c, d, 1 2 rary? OL OGIA volume 78(1):1-17 January 1995 1992a, b, c, d, 1994), a fourteenth note in the series is presented here toward advancing our understanding of North American plants. In some instances, the nomenclature in this and subsequent notes may serve to update, and differ from the taxonomy and nomenclature presented in Kartesz (1994), which for the most part concluded midway in 1992, and thus did not assess those names in the recently published The Jepson Manual (Hickman 1993). ASTERACEAE Senecio Senecio cineraria DC., a ligneous-based, Mediterranean perennial, com- monly known as Dusty Miller, frequently persists after cultivation in North America. Welsh et al. (1993, p. 251) cite Linnaeus as the author of this taxon. We found this attribution errant, and assert that De Candolle is the correct author. Furshermore, we follow Chater in treating S. cinerarita as a subspecific expression of S. bicolor, as given below. Senecio bicolor (Willd.) Todaro ssp. cineraria (DC.) Chater, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 68:273. 1974. BASIONYM: Senecio cineraria DC., Prodr. 6:355. 1838. Tetraneuris Welsh et al. (1993, p. 232) recognize Hymenozys acaulis (Pursh) Parker var. epunctata (A. Nelson) Cronquist (found in Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming) and var. nana Welsh (a Utah endemic). We accept these two varieties, but include Hymenozys acaulis within the genus Tetraneurts. This necessitates the following new combinations. Tetraneuris acaulis (Pursh) E. Greene var. epunctata (A. Nelson) Kartesz & Gandhi, comb. nov. BASIONYM: Tetraneuris epunctata A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 37:275. 1904. Hymenozys acaulis (Pursh) Parker var. epunctata Cronquist, Intermountain Fl. 5:80. 1994. Tetraneuris acaulis (Pursh) E. Greene var. nana (Welsh) Kartesz & Gandhi, comb. nov. BASIONYM: Hymenorys acaulis (Pursh) Parker var. nana Welsh, Rhodora 95:398. 1993. Kartesz & Gandhi: Nomenclatural notes for North American flora XIV 3 BRASSICACEAE Braya Traditionally, Braya glabella Richardson (published in 1823; see below) and B. purpurascens (R. Br.) Bunge ez Ledeb. (based upon Platypetalum purpuras- cens R. Br., published in 1823; see below) have been separated by fruit shape: B. glabella with linear to broadly oblong fruits and B. purpurascens with el- lipsoid or oblong-ovoid fruits. Harris (1985, pp. 118-123, 135-148) considered these two elements as varietal expressions of a highly polymorphic complex (viz., B. glabella var. glabella and var. purpurascens), whereas Rollins (1993b, pp. 228-229) treated B. purpurascens as a synonym of B. glabella. Although both names (Braya glabella and Platypetalum purpurascens) were published in 1823, Schulz (1924, pp. 230, 233) and Rollins (1993b) did not provide precise publication dates for these names. Stafleu & Cowan (1976, p. 367; 1983, p. 771) indicated that Brown’s work (Chlor. Melvill.) was published in late 1823, whereas Richardson’s work (Bot. App.) was published in Mar 1823. The accuracy of these two dates was verified by Harris (1985, p. 15), who stated that both Richardson and Brown referred to each other in their work; however, Richardson referred to Brown’s unpublished manuscript; whereas Brown referred to Richardson’s published work by quoting the precise page number. Therefore, the name B. glabella Richardson has priority over the name Platypetalum purpurascens R. Br. Regarding the taxonomy of Braya glabella and B. purpurascens, we concur with Rollins (1993b) in treating B. purpurascens as a synonym of B. glabella (as given below). Braya glabella Richardson, Bot. App., Franklin’s Narr. Jour. Polar Sea, ed. 1. 743. Mar 1823. Platypetalum purpurascens R. Br., Chior. Melvill. 192. late 1823. Braya purpurascens (R. Br.) Bunge ez Ledeb., Fl. Ross. 1:195. 1842. Braya glabella Richardson var. purpurascens (R. Br.) J.G. Harris (nom. invalid; unpublished to date). Cardamine & Dentaria The names Dentaria californica Nutt. and D. integrifolia Nutt., published in Torrey & Gray’s 1838 work (see below), have equal priority. In two separate works, Greene transferred these two names to the genus Cardamine and made the combinations: C. integrifolia (Nutt.) E. Greene (published in 1887) and C. californica (Nutt.) E. Greene (published in 1891). In his 1887 work, Greene 4 PHYELEOL OGIA volume 78(1):1-17 January 1995 included only C. integrifolia; however, in his 1891 work, he treated both taxa as distinct species. Schulz (1903, p. 386) treated Cardamine integrifolia as C. californica prol. integrifolia (Nutt.) Schulz. Jepson (1925, p. 426) reduced Dentaria californica to varietal rank: D. integrifolia var. californica (Nutt.) Jepson. Detling (1936, p. 576) opted the reverse, making the combination D. californica var. integri- folia (Nutt.) Detling. By placing D. integrifolia as a synonym of D. californica, Munz & Keck (1959, p. 243) appear to be the first to “unite” these two names. Although C.L. Hitchcock et al. (1964, pp. 469-470) accepted Jepson’s re- duction of these taxa, they recognized this complex within Cardamine, and thereby treated C. californica as a synonym of C. integrifolia. In their discus- sion, Hitchcock et al. remarked that Jepson was the first to reduce one name (i.e., Dentaria californica) to an infraspecific rank. However, in their discus- sion, they did not mention Schulz’s treatment. Rollins (1993a, p. 44) made the combination Cardamine californica var. integrifolia (Nutt.) Rollins. Regarding the choice of the epithet for the complex consisting of united taxa bearing names of equal priority, the name chosen by the author who first unites them is treated as having priority ([CBN Art. 11.5; Greuter 1994.). As stated above, Munz & Keck (1959) as well as Hitchcock e# al. (1964) treated these two Nuttalean names as belonging to the same species, while other au- thors consistently recognized one as being an infraspecifi: taxon within the other. Nonetheless, recognition at infraspecific rank is sufficient to fulfill the requirement of Art. 11.5. Since the term prol. (used by Schulz; see above) does not refer to an es- tablished taxonomic rank, some authors may quibble, wh:ther he or Jepson - deserves credit for the reduction or unification of the two Nuttalean names. In recent literature (excluding Hitchcock et al. 1964), the names Cardamine californica and C. californica var. integrifolia are widely used. If Schulz’s treatment lacks nomenclatural standing, then the name C’. californica might be rejected in favor of C. integrifolia. In naming this complex as Cardamine californica, Schulz explicitly made a choice between two legitimate names of equal priority at the rank of species. Furthermore, within the C. californica complex, he included the type of Den- taria integrifolia. The fact that he used the name D. californica at an uncon- ventional infraspecific rank (viz., C. californica prol. integrifolia) is irrelevant. Therefore, Schulz should receive credit for uniting the two names. Our assess- ment of this nomenclature has been corroborated by both Drs. Greuter (B) and Nicolson (US). Cardamine californica (Nutt.) E. Greene, Fl. Francisc. 206. 1891. var. californica. BASIONYM: Dentaria californica Nutt. in Torrey & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1:88. 1838. Kartesz & Gandhi: Nomenclatural notes for North American flora XIV 5 Cardamine californica (Nutt.) E. Greene var. integrifolia (Nutt.) Rollins, Har- vard Pap. Bot. 4:44. 1993. BASIONYM: Dentaria integrifolia Nutt. in Torrey & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1:88. 1838. Cardamine integrifolia (Nutt.) E. Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2:389. 1887. Dentaria integrifolia Nutt. in Torrey & Gray var. californica (Nutt.) Jepson, Man. Fl. Calif. 426. 1925. Dentaria californica Nutt. in Torrey & Gray var. integrifolia (Nutt.) Detling, Amer. J. Bot. 23:576. 1936. CRASSULACEAE Aeonium haworthii and Sempervivum haworthi Aeonium haworthii, a native of the Canary Islands, has become estab- lished along sea cliffs and dunes in California. Some authors (Jackson 1895; Christ 1888) treat this taxon within Sempervivum L. as S. haworthiu. Jackson attributed A. haworthii to Webb & Berth., whereas Kunkel (1980, p. 133) attributed it to (Salm-Dyck. ex Webb & Berth.) Webb & Berth.; Hansen & Sunding (1985, p. 44), and Liu (1989, p. 80) to Salm-Dyck ex Webb & Berth:; and Moran (in Hickman 1993, p. 524) to Salm-Dyck alone. In their revised work, Hansen & Sunding (1993, p. 96) concurred with Kunkel on the author- ship. Regarding the authorship of Sempervivum haworthii, Jackson (1895), and Hansen & Sunding (1993, p. 273) cited it as Salm-Dyck ez Webb & Berth., whereas Liu (1989) cited it as (Webb & Berth.) Salm-Dyck ez Christ. Fur- thermore, Jackson treated Aeonitum haworthii as a synonym of S. haworthit, whereas Liu as well as Hansen & Sunding did the reverse: treated S. haworthii as a synonym of A. haworthii. Jackson (1895) and Liu (1989) stated that the name first appeared as Sempervivum haworthii (nom. nud.) in a garden list prepared by Salm-Dyck in 1834. According to Jackson, Webb & Berthelot validated S. haworthit; how- ever, Liu stated that Webb & Berthelot accepted and validated A. haworthii in 1840, and that S. haworthi was validated by Christ in 1888. In the protologue of Aeonium haworthii, Webb and Berthelot included a detailed Latin description and a caption for Tab. 34. They referenced to “Sempervivum Haworthu. Hortt. Argell. Cat. Hort. Dyck. pag. 253. sine descriptione.” Furthermore, Webb & Berthelot did not ascribe A. haworthi to Salm-Dyck, but ascribed to “Nob.” (Nob. is an abbreviated Latin term for nobis, meaning “to us,” t.e., to Webb & Berthelot in this case. Nobis is a pronoun and a dative of the possessor to indicate the authors’ responsibility for it.) Since the epithet-bringing synonym (S. haworthii in this case) was cited in the protologue, some authors, such as Liu, include “Salm-Dyck ex” in the authorship of A. haworthii. However, [CBN Art. 46.3 (Greuter 1994) 6 PHYTOLOGIA volume 78(1):1-17 January 1995 excludes such authorships (“...ascription is the direct association of the name of a person or persons with a new name or description or diagnosis of a taxon. Mention of an author’s name in a list of synonyms is not ascription ...”). In light of this situation, we exclude Salm-Dyck from the authorship of A. haworthii. Hansen (C; pers. comm.) also asserted that Salm-Dyck should be excluded from the authorship of A. haworthit. With reference to the authorship of Sempervivum haworthiu, we found that Christ (1888), who treated Aeonium as a sectional name within Sempervivum and made the combination S. haworthti, referenced Webb & Berthelot as: “S. haworthii Webb Teneriffae Teno 1. b. Hillebr. Phyt. I. Tab. 34.” Based on ICBN Art. 46, Ex. 10 and 11 (Greuter 1994), we assert that Christ merely provided an indirect reference to the basionym Aeonium haworthit Webb & Berth., and ascribed the new combination S. haworthit to neither Salm-Dyck nor Webb & Berthelot. Aeonium haworthii Webb & Berth., Hist. Nat. Isles Canaries 3(2). Phyt. Canar. Sect. l(livr. 53):193. 1840. Sempervivum haworthii (hort. ez Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 253. 1834, nom. nud.; ex Webb & Berth., Hist. Nat. Isles Canaries 3(2). Phyt. Canar. Sect. 1(livr. 53):193. 1840, pro. syn.| (Webb & Berth.) Christ, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 9:118, 161. 1888. DRYOPTERIDACEAE Athyrium Smith (in Flora of North American Editorial Committee 1993, p. 256) provided the treatment of the family Dryopteridaceae for the flora of North America (north of México). In this treatment, Smith cited Athyrium disten- tifolium Tausch ez Opiz as a synonym of A. alpestre (Hopy) Clairville (based on Aspidium alpestre Hoppe). Regarding the nomenclature of the above complex, we (Phytologia 70:196- 197. 1991.) followed Fuchs’ (1974) conclusion on the taxonomy and nomencla- ture. We stated that Aspidium alpestre Hoppe is possibly an illegitimate name, that Milde is the author of Athyrium alpestre (based on the type of Aspidium alpestre), and that Athyrium alpestre Clairville is Athyrium feliz-femina (L.) Roth (1.e., not based on the type of Aspidium alpestre). Furthermore, we con- cluded that Athyrium distentifolium is the next available legitimate name for the above complex. Our previous nomenclatural citation is repeated below. Athyrium distentifolium Tausch ez Opiz, Kratos 2(1):14, no. 41. 1820. TYPE: “Tausch ...‘no. 1838 Polypodium rhaetium L. Brunberg in Riesengeb.’ ” (fide Fuchs 1974). Kartesz & Gandhi: Nomenclatural notes for North American flora XIV 7 Athyrium alpestre Milde, Fil. Eur. 53, no. 2. 1867, non Clairville 1811. Aspidium alpestre Hoppe, Neues Bot. Taschenb. Anfanger Wiss. Apothek- erkunst. 216, no. 11. 1805, nom. superfi. FABACEAE Halimodendron halodendron Halimodendron halodendron (Salt-tree), a native of southwestern Asia, based on Robinia halodendron, has become established as a noxious weed in Califor- nia. Several authors, such as Jackson (1895), Greuter (1989), and Wiersema (1990) attribute the basionym to Pallas, whereas Isely (in Hickman 1993, p. 610) attributes it to Linnaeus. From our study, we assert that Isely’s attribution of the name Robinia halodendron to Linnaeus is incorrect, and that Pallas is the correct author of this name. Halimodendron halodendron (Pallas) Voss in Siebert & Voss, Vilm. Blumen Gartnert, ed. 3. 1: Index 35. 1896. BASIONYM: Robinia halodendron Pallas, Rezse Russ. Retch. 2:741, t. W. 1773. Prosopis Welsh et al. (1993, p. 451) attribute the name Prosopis odorata to “(Torr. & Frem.) Torr. & Frem.” Regarding the authorship, they state the following: “Although the formal proposal of Prosopis odorata by Torrey & Frémont (Rep. Explor. Exped. Oregon & California 313. 1845) ...has been rejected, the species is adequately characterized and typified on p. 260 of that report. The disposition in the botan- ical appendix is regarded as an inadvertent new combination of Spirolobium odoratum.” Frémont’s (1845) work Report of the Ezploring Expedition to the Rocky Mountains in the year 1842 and to Oregon and North California in the years 1843-44 consists of two reports [A Report of an Exploration of the Country lying between the Missouri River and the Rocky Mountains on the line of the Kansas and Great Platte Rivers (pp. 7-101) and A Report of the Exploring Expedition to Oregon and North California in the years 1843-44 (pp. 105-294) both by Frémont] and an appendix (sections A & B by James Hall; section C by Torrey & Frémont), with continuous pagination (319 pages). On p. 260, the following account is given on Spirolobium odoratum: 8 PAYTOLOGIA volume 78(1):1-17 January 1995 “Here a singular and new species of acacia, with spiral pods or seed vessels, made its first appearance; becoming henceforward, for a considerable distance, a characteristic tree. It was here compara- tively large, being about 20 feet in height, with a full and spreading top, the lower branches declining towards the ground. It afterwards occurred of smaller size, frequently in groves, and is very fragrant. It has been called by Dr. Torrey Spirolobium odoratum.” For this legume, Torrey & Frémont (pp. 313-314) published the name Prosopis odorata, provided a detailed description, and rejected the genus Spirolo- bium. It is explicit that the description of the legume found cn p. 260 was provided by Frémont, and he did not indicate his acceptance of the name Spirolobium odoratum; hence, this name was invalidly published on p. 260. Furthermore, even if this name were to be published validly on that page, it was replaced by Prosopis odorata on pp. 313-314. Since the two reports and the appendix constitute a single publication of Frémont’s work, the name S. odoratum was never validly published in that work. We assert that Torrey & Frémont pub- lished the name Prosopis odorata as a new species (not as a new combination); hence, parenthetical authorship should not be cited. We relegate P. odorata as a synonym of P. glandulosa var. torreyana as given below. Prosopis glandulosa Torr. var. torreyana (L. Benson) M.C. Johnston, Britto- nia 14:82. 1962. Prosopis odorata Torr. & Frém. in Frém., Rep. Exped. Rocky Mts. 313. 1845. LYCOPODIACEAE Huperzia Beitel (Amer. Fern J. 82:46. 1992.) made the combination Huperzia oc- cidentalis (based on Lycopodium lucidulum Michx. f. occidentale Clute). His combination was also used by Wagner & Beitel (in Flora of North Amer- ica Editorial Committee 1993, p. 23). Unfortunately, both Wagner & Beitel were apparently unaware that this combination was made earlier by Kartesz & Gandhi (see below). Beitel’s combination should be considered to be an isonym. Huperzia occidentalis (Clute) Kartesz & Gandhi, Phytologia 70:201. 1991.; Beitel, Amer. Fern J. 82:46. 1992. Kartesz & Gandhi: Nomenclatural notes for North American flora XIV 9 OPHIOGLOSSACEAE Botrychium, Ophioglossum In our cursory assessment of the Ophioglossaceae treatment by Wagner & Wagner (in Flora of North America Editorial Committee 1993, pp. 85-106), we report the following in Botrychium and Ophioglossum. Wagner & Wagner (1993, p. 100) attribute the name Botrychium pumicola to “Coville in Underwood.” In our study, we found that Underwood neither indicated that Coville provided the description nor stated that he was pub- lishing the name for Coville. In such a circumstance, the correct authorship is Coville ex Underwood (fide JCBN Art. 46.4; Greuter 1994.). Botrychium pumicola Coville er Underwood, Native Ferns, ed. 6. 69. 1900. Although we will not elaborate here on other distributional records [which the Biota of North America Program (BONAP) has completed], we should note that Wagner & Wagner report Botrychium pumicola endemic to Oregon, yet their distribution map, given on the same page, has an arrow pointing to an area in southeastern Greenland. As is reflected in the BONAP database, this species is indeed an Oregon endemic. Furthermore, according to Bay (Nord. J. Bot. 13:251. 1993.), Ophioglos- sum azoricum was reported for Greenland by Kliim-Nielsen & Pedersen (Gron- lands Varme Kilder. - Naturens Verden 1, pp. 4-15. 1974.). However, this species does not appear in Wagner & Wagner’s (1993, pp. 102-105) treatment of this genus. If authenticated, the Greenland report of this taxon would represent the only known record for North America. ORCHIDACEAE Platanthera Brown (1993, p. 189) published Platanthera x keenanss P.M. Brown as a hyb. nov. at specific rank. Regarding the validity of P. x keenanii, our analysis follows. Although Brown mentioned the presumed parentage of Platanthera x keenanii (i.e., P. grandiflora Bigelow x P. lacera [Michx.] G. Don), cited a type, and provided a brief diagnosis in English, he neither provided nor referenced a Latin diagnosis or description. According to JCBN Art. H.10.1 (Greuter 1994), “Names of nothotaxa at the rank of species or below must conform with the provisions (a) in the body of the Code applicable to the same rank ....” These requirements are also reinforced in Art. 40.1 (“In order to be validly published, names of hybrids of specific or lower rank with Latin epithets must comply 10 PAY TO-LO'GIA volume 78(1):1-17 January 1995 with the same rules as names of non-hybrid taxa of the same rank”). Further- more, Art. 40 Ex. 1-3 illustrate the rejection of some hybrid names for the lack of a Latin description or diagnosis. The requirements of Latin diagnosis and type citation are waived only if one were to publish formulae (i.e., not true epithets); however, Brown published Keenanii as an epithet. We conclude that the name Platanthera x keenantt was invalidly published. Platanthera x keenanii P.M. Brown, Field & Study Guide to the Orchids of New England & New York 189. 1993 (nom. invalic). Note: Furthermore, Catling & Catling (1994, pp. 19-32), who used the name Platanthera x keenanii in a qualitative and quantitative analysis, also failed to realize its invalidity. Also in Catling & Sheviak (1993), the “new combination Platanthera zothe- cina (Higgins & Welsh) Catling & Sheviak” was already made by Kartesz & Gandhi (see below). Catling & Sheviak’s “new combination” should be considered to be an isonym. Platanthera zothecina (Higgins & Welsh) Kartesz & Gandhi, Phytologia 69:134. 1990.; Catling & Sheviak, Lindleyana 8:81. 1993. POACEAE Sporobolus Kunth based his Sporobolus aspera (published in 1829; see below) on Agrostis aspera Michx. Unfortunately, A. aspera is later homonym and illegitimate; hence, Michaux should not be cited as a parenthetical author for any combi- nation based on A. aspera. For this illegitimate name, Palisot Beauvois (1812) published a new combination: Vilfa aspera. Since V. aspera is the first legiti- mate name based on the type of A. aspera, all subsequent new combinations based on the preceding type, should include P. Beauvois as the parenthetical author. Therefore, P. Beauvois is the parenthetical author for S. aspera. Prior to P. Beauvois’ 1812 publication, Poiret published the name Agrostis composita in 1810, which was transferred to Sporobolus by Merrill (1901). Presently, S. aspera (with priority from 1812) and S. compositus (with pri- ority from 1810) are considered to represent but a single taxon (Hitchcock & Chase 1951, p. 962; Riggins 1977, p. 309). Riggins remarked that “Although the type of A. composita has not been located, there is little doubt that Poiret’s description pertains to S. aspera var. aspera.” Kartesz & Gandhi: Nomenclatural notes for North American flora XIV 11 We recognize two non-typical expressions within Sporobolus aspera: var. drummondii (Trin.) Vasey and var. macer (Trin.) Hitchc. The transfer of these two varieties to S.’ compositus necessitates two new combinations (given below). Sporobolus compositus (Poir.) Merr., Circ. Div. Agrostol. U.S.D.A. no. 35:6. 1901. BASIONYM: Agrostis composita Poir. in Lam., Encycl. Sup. 1:254. 1810. TYPE: U.S.A. Carolina: Bosc (not located). Vilfa aspera P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 16, 147, 181. 1812. Sporobolus aspera (P. Beauv.) Kunth, Revision Gram. 1:68. 1829. Agrostis aspera Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1:52. 1803, non Web. (Prim. FI. Hols. Suppl. 6:4. 1787.). Sporobolus compositus (Poir.) Merr. var. drummondii (Trin.) Kartesz & Gandhi, comb. nov. BASIONYM: Vilfa drummondi Tnn., Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Petersbourg, Ser. 6. Sci. Math., Seconde pt., Sci. Nat. 4(1):106. 1840. Sporobolus drummondii (Trin.) Vasey, Descr. Cat. Grasses U.S. 44. 1885. Sporobolus asper (P. Beauv.) Kunth var. drum- mondii (Trin.) Vasey, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3:60. 1892. Sporobolus compositus (Poir.) Merr. var. macer (Trin.) Kartesz & Gandhi, comb. nov. BASIONYM: Vilfa macra Trin., Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint- Petersbourg, Ser. 6. Sci. Math., Seconde pt., Sci. Nat. 4(1):79. 1840. Sporobolus macer (Trin.) Hitchc., Amer. J. Bot. 2:303. 1915 (“macrus”). Sporobolus asper(P. Beauv.) Kunth var. macer (Trin.) Shinners, Rhodora 56:29. 1954. RHAMNACEAE Ceanothus In his 1993 work, Welsh published Ceanothus greggi var. franklinssz. We accept this taxon, but at subspecific rank. Therefore, we elevate var. franklinit to subspecific rank, which necessitates a new combination. Ceanothus greggi A. Gray ssp. franklinii (Welsh) Kartesz & Gandhi, stat. nov. BASIONYM: Ceanothus greggi A. Gray var. franklinit Welsh, Rhodora 95:413. 1993. TYPE: U.S.A. Utah: San Juan Co., T41S, R17E, S12, Muley Point, at 1891 m, rimrock, pinyon-juniper commu- nity, Ceder Mesa Sandstone, 8 Jun 1983, S.L., B.T., & M.L. Welsh 22244 (HOLOTYPE: BRY). 12 PHY TOLOGIA volume 78(1):1-17 January 1995 SARRACENIACEAE Sarracenia purpurea For the short-leaved, red-veined, and narrow-petaled Newfoundland ex- pressions of Sarracenia purpurea L., La Pylaie (Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris 6:389. 1827.) published a new varietal name: Sarracenia purpurea var. terrae-novae. Rafinesque (Autikon Botanikon 33. 1840.) separated the northern (Canada to Virginia) and southern expressions (Virginia to Florida) of this complex as S. gibbosa Raf. and S. venosa Raf., respectively. Wherry (1933, p. 3) rec- ognized the northern and southern expressions at subspecific rank within S. purpurea: ssp. gibbosa (Raf.) Wherry and ssp. venosa (Raf.) Wherry. By doing so, Wherry automatically created the typical ssp. purpurea. Unfortunately, he erred by not assigning either expression to ssp. purpurea. McDaniel (1971, p. 26), who declined to recognize infraspecific taxa within the Sarracenia purpurea complex, lectotypified S. purpurea by t. 70 of Catesby’s Natural History of Carolina, Florida, and Bahamas. Furthermore, McDaniel stated that if one were to recognize infraspecific ranks within this complex, then the southern expressions would represent the typical S. purpurea, and the northern expressions ought to be called either var. terrae-novae (at vari- etal rank) or ssp. gibbosa (at subspecific rank). McDaniel's typification affects the application of the name S. purpurea ssp. venosa. In contrast to McDaniel’s treatment, Wherry (1972, pp. 146-147) assigned the northern expressions to ssp. purpurea (incl. ssp. gibbosa) and the southern expressions to ssp. venosa. His treatment was widely followed by authors, such as Schnell (1993, pp. 6-10) and Gleason & Cronquist (1993, p. 153). . Reveal (1993, p. 181) indicated that a rejection of Mc]Daniel’s typification, and a retypification of Sarracenia purpurea (sensu Wherry) by conservation is not possible, since the affected name is at the subspecific rank, and thereby ICBN Arts. 14.1, 14.9 (Greuter 1994) do not apply. Reveal's statement inferred that he did not approve McDaniel’s typification, but no further action could be taken with the existing Code. Furthermore, Reveal believed that “if one were to recognize the taxon (expressions) at subspecific rank, a new combination is necessary.” We concur with Reveal’s analysis on McDaniel’s typification, but assert that no new combination is necessary if one were to recognize the northern expression at subspecific rank (since a name at subspecific rank, i.e., ssp. gibbosa, was already established). For the North American flora, we recognize the classification given below. Sarracenia purpurea L. Sp. Pl. 510. 1753. Sarracenia purpurea L. ssp. gibbosa (Raf.) Wherry, Bartonia 15:3. 1933. Kartesz & Gandhi: Nomenclatural notes for North American flora XIV 13 (northern expression). BASIONYM: Sarracenia gibbosa Raf., Aut. Bot. 33. 1840. Sarracenia heterophylla Eaton, Man. ed. 4. 445. 1824. Sarracenia purpurea L. var. heterophylla (Eaton) Torr., Rep. Bot. Dep. Surv. New York Assembly No. 50:120. 1839; Britton, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 4:176. 1895. Sarracenia purpurea L. var. novae-terrae de la Pylaie, Ann. Soc. Linn. Paris 4:389. 1827. Sarracenia purpurea L. var. stolonifera Macfarlene & D.W. Steckbeck, Kew Bull. 165. 1933. Sarracenia purpurea L. var. ripicola Boivin, Canad. Field Naturalist 65:21. 1951. Note: Britton (1895), probably unaware of Torrey’s new combination (Sarracenia purpurea var. heterophylla), proposed it again in his 1895 work. His new combination should be construed as an isonym. Sarracenia purpurea L. ssp. purpurea (southern expression, with two varieties) Sarracenia purpurea L. var. burkit Schnell, Rhodora 95:8. 1993. Sarracenia purpurea L. var. purpurea. LECTOTYPE (vide McDaniel 1971): t. 70 of Catesby’s Nai. Hist. Carolina. Sarracenia venosa Raf., Aut. Bot. 33. 1840. Sarracenia purpurea L. ssp. venosa (Raf.) Wherry, Bartonia 15:3. 1933. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank: Dr. R. Dale Thomas (NLU) and Dr. Larry E. Brown (SBSC) for helpful suggestions on this manuscript; and Dr. James Reveal (MARY) and Dr. A. Hansen (C) for literature on the nomenclature of Aeonium haworthii. REFERENCES Brown, P.M. 1993. Field & Study Guide to the Orchids of New England & New York. Orchis Press, 15 Dresden St., Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts. 14 PHYTOLOGIA volume 78(1):1-17 January 1995 Catling, P.M. & V.R. Catling. 1994. Identification of Platanthera lacera Hy- brids (Orchidaceae) from New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Lindleyana 9:19-32. & C.J. Sheviak. 1993. Taxonomic Notes on some North American orchids. Lindleyana 8:77-81. Christ, H. 1888. Spicilegium Canariense. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 9:86-172. Detling, L.E. 1936. The genus Dentaria in Pacific states. Amer. J. Bot. 23:570-576. Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 1993. Fl. N. America, vol. 2: Pteridophytes & Gymnosperms. Oxford University Press, New York, New York. Frémont, J.C. 1845. Rep. Exped. Rocky Mts. Blair and Rives, Printers, Washington, D.C. Reprinted in 1988 by Smithsonian Institution, Wash- ington, D.C. Fuchs, H.P. 1974. The correct name of alpine lady fern. Candollea 29:181- 205. Gleason, H.A. & A. Cronquist. 1991. Man. Vasc. Pl. NE. U.S., ed. 2. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York, New York. Greuter, W. (Ch. Ed. Comm.). 1988. International Code of Botanical . Nomenclature. Adopted by the Fourteenth International Botanical Con- gress, Berlin, Jul-Aug 1987. Regnum Veg. 118. Greuter, W. (Ch. Ed. Comm.). 1994. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Tokyo Code). Adopted by the Fifteenth International Botanical Congress, Tokyo, Aug-Sep 1993. Regnum Veg. 131. et al 1989. Med - Checklist 4, Dicotyledons (Lauraceae - Rham- naceae). Berlin - Dahlem, Germany. Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. 1985. Fl. Macronesia. Checklist of vascular plants. 3. Rev. Ed. Sommerfeltia, vol. 1. 1993. Fl. Macronesia. Checklist of vascular plants. 4. Rev. Ed. Sommerfeltia, vol. 17. Harris, J.G. 1985. A revision of the genus Braya (Cruciferae) in North America. Unpubl. Thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. Hickman, J.C. (Ed.). 1993. The Jepson Manual University of California Press, Berkeley, California. Kartesz & Gandhi: Nomenclatural notes for North American flora XIV 15 Hitchcock, A.S. & A. Chase. 1951. Man. Grasses U.S. Misc. Publ. U.S. Dept. Agric. no. 200. U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Hitchcock, C.L. et al. 1964. Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest, pt. 2: Salicaceae to Saxifragaceae. University of Washington Press, Seattle, Washington. Univ. Washington Publ. Biol. vol. 17. Jackson, B.D. 1895. Indez Kew. The Clarendon Press, Oxford, Great Britain. Jepson, W.L. 1925. Man. Fl. Calif. University of California Press, Berkeley, California. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of United States, Canada & Greenland, ed. 2. Timber Press, Inc., Portland Oregon. & K.N. Gandhi. 1989. Nomenclatural notes for the North American flora - I. Phytologia 67:461-468. 1990a. Nomenclatural notes for the North American flora - II. Phytologia 68:421-427. 1990b. Nomenclatural notes for the North American flora - III. Phytologia 69:129-137. 1990c. Nomenclatural notes for the North American flora - IV. Phytologia 69:301-312. 1991a. Nomenclatural notes for the North American flora - V. Phytologia 70:194-208. 1991b. Nomenclatural notes for the North American flora - VI. Phytologia 71:58-65. 1991c. Nomenclatural notes for the North American flora - VII. Phytologia 71:87-100. 1991d. Nomenclatural notes for the North American flora - VIII. Phytologia 71:269-280. 1992a. Nomenclatural notes for the North American flora - IX. Phytologia 72:17-30. 1992b. Nomenclatural notes for the North American flora - X. Phytologia 72:80-92. 1992c. Nomenclatural notes for the North American flora - XI. Phytologia 73:124-136. 16 PHYTOLOGIA volume 78(1):1-17 January 1995 . 1992d. Nomenclatural notes for the North American flora - XII. Phytologia 74:43-55. . 1994. Nomenclatural notes for the North American flora - XIII. Phytologia 76:441-457. Kunkel, G. 1980. Die Kanarischen Inseln und ihre Pflanzenwelt. Gustav Fischer Verlag. Jena, Germany. Liu, Ho-Yih. 1989. Systematics of Aeonium (Crassulaceae). Special Publ. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci. Taiwan No. 3. McDaniel, S. 1971. The genus Sarracenia (Sarraceniaceae). Bull. Tall Tim- bers Res. Sta. no. 9:1-36. Merrill, E.D. 1901. Some changes in nomenclature of grasses. U.S.D.A. Div. Agrostol. Rep. Agrostol. A34: no. 35. 1901. (SuDoc number). Munz, P.A. & D.D. Keck. 1959. Calf. Fl University of California Press, Berkeley, California. Palisot de Beauvois, A.M.F.J. 1812. Ess. Agrostogr. Imprimerie de Fain, Paris, France. Reveal, J. 1993. The correct name of the northern expression of Sarracenia purpurea (Sarraceniaceae). Phytologia 74:180-184. Riggins, R. 1977. A biosystematic study of the Sporobolus asper complex (Gramineae). Iowa St. J. Research 51:287-321. Rollins, R.C. 1993a. New taxa and names in the Cruciferae of California. Harvard Pap. Bot. 4:43-48. 1993b. The Cruciferae of Continental North America. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California. Schnell, D.E. 1993. Sarracenia purpurea L. ssp. venosa (Raf.) Wherry var. burkiz Schnell (Sarraceniaceae) - a new variety of the gulf coastal plain. Rhodora 95:6-10. Schulz, O.E. 1903. Monographie der Gattung Cardamine. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32:280-623. 1924. Cruciferae - Sisymbrieae. Pp. 1-388. Jn: A. Engler (Ed.), Pflanzenr. IV. 105 (heft. 86). Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, Germany. Kartesz & Gandhi: Nomenclatural notes for North American flora XIV 17 Stafleu, F.A. & R.S. Cowan. 1976. Tazonomic Literature, ed. 2, vol. I: A-G. Regnum Veg., vol. 94. 1983. Taxonomic Literature, ed. 2, vol. IV: P-Sak. Regnum Veg,., vol. 104. Welsh, S.L. et al. 1993. A Utah Flora, ed. 2. Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah. Wherry, E.T. 1933. The geographic relations of Sarracenia purpurea (Sar- raceniaceae). Bartonia 15:1-8. 1972. Notes on Sarracenia subspecies. Castanea 37:146-147. Wiersema, J.H. et al. 1990. Legume (Fabaceae) Nomenclature in the USDA Germplasm System. Agric. Res. Serv., U.S.D.A. Tech. Bull. 1757. Phytologia (January 1995) 78(1):18-27. VASCULAR FLORA OF TWO CALCAREOUS PRAIRIE REMNANTS ON THE KISATCHIE NATIONAL FOREST, LOUISIANA B.R. MacRoberts & M.H. MacRoberts Bog Research, 740 Columbia, Shreveport, Louisiana 71104 U.S.A. ABSTRACT The floristics and edaphic factors of two remnant Louisiana calcare- ous prairies are described. The soil is rich in calcium and supports a diverse plant community similar to the western and midwestern tall grass prairies. In presettlement times, prairies were widely distributed and much more common in central and north Louisiana than they are today. Because of anthropogenic disturbances — fire supression, grazing, forestry, and agriculture — prairies are now rare. KEY WORDS: prairie, Kisatchie National Forest, floristics, Louisiana INTRODUCTION The disappearance of the native grasslands of the United States over the past two centuries is well documented (DeSelm & Murdock 1993; Sims 1988; Smeins & Diamond 1988; Madson & Oberle 1993). Their occurrence in and disappearance from the southeastern United States in general is less well docu- mented (DeSelm & Murdock 1993; Frost et al 1988). From historical accounts, it would appear that in presettlement times there were numerous fairly large prairies scattered across northern and central Louisiana (see references and descriptions in Flores 1984; Smith et al 1989; Hart & Lester 1993) and that due to anthropogenic activities, notably fire suppression, grazing, and farm- ing, these have almost vanished. While there can be no accurate estimate of the original extent of prairies in Louisiana, fewer than 1000 acres appear to remain in relatively natural condition and are ranked as critically imperiled by the Louisiana Natural Heritage Program (Smith et al 1989; Martin & Smith 1991). The remaining few sites are crucial refugia for certain rare plants. It is imperative, therefore, to obtain information about the distribution of prairies and on species composition and abundance in these remnant communities. 18 MacRoberts & MacRoberts: Calcareous prairie flora 19 Some of the best remnants of this community type in Louisiana occur on the Kisatchie National Forest, notably in the Winn District in Winn and Grant parishes (Smith et al. 1989; Martin & Smith 1991). But there are a few remnants elsewhere (Norman 1991; Hart & Lester 1993). In this paper we report on the floristics of two prairie remnants on the Kisatchie District of the Kisatchie National Forest in Natchitoches Parish. STUDY SITES AND METHODS In the course of our work on sandstone outcrop communities (MacRoberts & MacRoberts 1993), we located two very small calcareous prairie 1:mnants in association with calcareous forest habitat in the Kisatchie District of the Kisatchie National Forest (T5N R6W S4) (see Caldwell [1991] and Martin & Smith [1991] for descriptions of the Kisatchie National Forest). The larger, K50H Prairie, measures about 0.4 ha.; the smaller, Ratibida Prairie, measures about 0.2 ha. They are about one km apart. Both are openings domizated by composites, grasses, and legumes. They are on or near the summits of hills, are bisected by logging roads, and are close to, but do not abut, sandstone outcrop communities. Both prairies are surrounded by calcareous forest, which often has a midstory of dense stands of Crataegus spp., Rhus copailina L., Viburnum dentatum L., Cornus drummondit C.A. Mey., Diospyros virginiana L., and Prunus spp., species that invade prairies in the absence of fire. We visited these two prairies every two to three weeks between the summer of 1993 when we first discovered them, and the autumn of 1994. During these visits we collected or recorded all vascular plants encountered and took soil samples for analysis. We follow MacRoberts (1984, 1989), Gandhi & Thomas (1989), and Allen (1992) in most instances of botanical nomenclature. Voucher specimens of many of the species collected are in the Vanderbilt University Herbarium (VDB) and Range Management Research Herbarium, Southern Forest Experiment Station, U.S. Forest Service, Pineville, Louisiana (SFRP). While the specific fire history of these prairies is uncertain except that they have not burned in years, they are embedded in the pyrogenic longleaf pine community and thus probably burned every 1 to 3 years in presettlement times (Smith 1991). For comparative purposes and in order to monitor rare species, we made irregular visits to the calcareous prairies on the Winn Ranger District in Winn and Grant parishes (Smith et al. 1989; Martin & Smith 1991) 65 km northeast of the study sites and to a prairie on Fort Polk, Vernon Parish (Hart & Lester 1993) 40 km south of the study sites. Climatic data are given in Martin et al (1990). Annual precipitation av- erages about 125 cm and is fairly evenly distributed throughout the year. In summer, temperatures rise to 35° C; this, combined with short droughts, 20 PHYTOLOGIA volume 78(1):18-27 January 1995 translates into very hot and dry conditions especially in open areas. Under these conditions the calcareous soils tend to dry, forming wide cracks. When wet, these soils are very sticky. In all the prairies we have examined, small calcareous concretions are common (Martin et al. 1990; Smith et al. 1989). Soil samples were taken from the upper 15 cm of the Kisatchie prairies and from two prairies in the Winn District for comparison. Samples were analyzed by A & L Laboratories, Memphis Tennessee. The study sites are about 90 meters above sea level. RESULTS Table 1 lists the vascular plants found in K50H and Ratibida prairies. The letter “H” following the species indicates presence at K50H; “R” indicates presence at Ratibida, and no letter indicates presence at both prairies. Table 2 gives information on the soil characteristics of the Kisatchie and Winn District prairies. Five samples from the two Kisatchie prairies and five from the two Winn District prairies (T11N R4W S18, T11N R5W S26) were analyzed. The samples from each prairie are averaged since they were very similar. Soil from adjacent calcareous forest on the Kisatchie District (T5N R6W S4) was also analyzed. The soils from the Kisatchie District are thought to be part of the Lena Member of the Fleming Formation of Miocene age (Louisiana Geological Survey 1984). The soils of calcareous prairies in Louisiana are not well studied and are currently being revised. Most if not all prairies in Winn and Grant parishes are now “...in the newly described Keiffer series” (Martin & Smith 1991:63), see also Smith et al. 1989:3). DISCUSSION We recorded a total of 109 taxa representing 85 genera and 38 families for the two prairies. K50H had 92 species and 71 genera, end Ratibida had 76 species and 64 genera, making them as rich in species as similar sized bogs and outcrop communities (MacRoberts & MacRoberts 1992, 1993). Smith et al (1989) provides a preliminary list of species from several of the Keiffer Prairies on the Winn District, Winn Parish. We have subsequently made cursory surveys of the Keiffer Prairies, adding to their list. Comparing these data with the list we made for the Kisatchie District prairies shows that they are basically the same community, having their greatest resemblance to the tallgrass prairies of Arkansas, east Texas, Mississippi, and Alabama (Smith et al. 1989; Carr 1993). Both the Keiffer prairies and the Kisatchie District prairies are dominated by grasses, composites, and legumes, which make up approximately 50% of the total species. Since the data were not collected in MacRoberts & MacRoberts: Calcareous prairie flora 21 Table 1. Species in K50H and Ratibida prairies. ACANTHACEAE Ruellia pedunculata Torrey ez A. Gray AGAVACEAE Manfreda virginica (L.) Rose ANACARDIACEAE Rhus copallina L. APIACEAE Eyngium yuccifolium Michx. H APOCYNACEAE Apocynum cannabinum L. AQUIFOLIACEAE Ilez decidua Walt. R, Ilex vomitoria Aiton ASCLEPIADACEAE Asclepias viridiflora Raf. H, A. viridis Walt. ASTERACEAE Ambrosia artemisitfolia L., Aster dumosus L. H, Aste: oolen- tangtensis Ridd., Aster patens Dryand. ez Aiton, Aster sericeus Vent. var. microphyllus DC. H, Cacalia plantaginea (Raf.) Shinners H, Core- opsis lanceolata L., Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ez Willd., Erigeron tenuis Torrey ez A. Gray H, Eupatorium serotinum Michx. H, Gnaphahum ob- tustfolium L. H, Helianthus hirsutus Raf., Liatris pycnostachya Michx., L. squarrosa (L.) Michx., L. squarrulosa Michx., Pyrrhopappus carolini- anus (Walt.) DC. H, Ratibida pinnata (Vent.) Barnh. R, Rudbeckia hirta L., Stlphium integrifolium Michx., Silphium laciniatum L. H, Solidago ni- tida Torrey & Gray, Solidago radula Nutt. CAMPANULACEAE Lobelia appendiculata A.DC. H CAPRIFOLIACEAE Viburnum dentatum L. R CLUSIACEAE Hypericum hypericoides (L.) Crantz CORNACEAE Cornus drummondii C.A. Mey., Cornus florida L. H CUPRESSACEAE Juniperus virginiana L. CYPERACEAE Carez cherokeensis Schwein., C. flaccosperma Dewey R, C. meadit Dewey H, Scleria oligantha Michx. EBENACEAE Diospyros virginiana L. 22 PHYTOLOGIA volume 78(1):18-27 January 1995 Table 1 (continued) EUPHORBIACEAE Chamaesyce cordifolia (Ell.) Small H, Euphorbia corol- lata L. H FABACEAE Cassia fasciculata Michx., Centrosema virginianum (L.) Benth., Dalea candida (Michx.) Willd., Dalea purpurea Vent., Desmanthus illi- noensis (Michx.) MacM. ez Robins. & Fernald H, Desmodium sp., Galac- tia volubilis (L.) Britton, Lespedeza sp., Neptunia lutea (Leavenworth) Benth. H, Rhynchosia sp. R, Schrankia microphylla (Dryand.) J.F. Macbr. H, Tephrosia virginiana (L.) Pers. H GENTIANACEAE Sabatia campestris Nutt. GERANIACEAE Geranium carolinianum L. H IRIDACEAE Sisyrinchium langlotsii E. Greene LAMIACEAE Prunella vulgaris L., Pycnanthemum albescens Torrey & Gray, Salvia azurea Michx. & Lam., Salvia lyrata L., Scutellaria elliptica Muhl. R LOGANIACEAE Gelsemium sempervirens (L.) St. Hil. H MYRICACEAE Myrica cerifera L. ONAGRACEAE Gaura sp. OXALIDACEAE Ozalis corniculata L. H PASSIFLORACEAE Passiflora lutea L. R PINACEAE Pinus echinata P. Mill., P. taeda L. POACEAE Andropogon gerardii Vitman, Andropogon glomeratus ( Walt.) B.S.P. H, Andropogon ternarius L. H, Andropogon virginicus Michx. R, Aristida oligantha Michx., Chasmanthium sessiliflorum (Poir.) Yates R, Dichanthelium aciculare (Des. ez Poir.) Gould & Clark, D. acumina- tum (Sw.) Gould & Clark H, D. dichotomum (L.) Gould H, Eragrostis spectabilis (Pursh) Steud., Muhlenbergia capillaris (Lam.) Trin. H, Pan- icum anceps Michx., Paspalum spp., Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash, Schizachyrium tenerum Nees, Setaria geniculata (Lam.) Beauv., Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn., Tridens flavus (L.) Hitchcock R MacRoberts & MacRoberts: Calcareous prairie flora 23 Table 1 (continued) POLEMONIACEAE Paloz pilosa L. POLYGALACEAE Polygala verticillata L. RANUNCULACEAE Anemone caroliniana Walt. H, Delphinium carolini- anum Walt. R RHAMNACEAE Berchemia scandens (Hill) K. Koch, Ceanothus americanus L. ROSACEAE Crataegus crus-galli L., C. marshallii Eggelston, C. spavhulata Michx., Prunus umbellata Ell. R, Rubus sp. H RUBIACEAE Galium pilosum Aiton R, Hedyotis nigricans (Lam.) Fosberg SCROPHULARIACEAE Agalinis fasciculata (Ell.) Raf. H, A. skinneriana (Wood.) Britt. H, Penstemon tubaeflorus Nutt. H VERBENACEAE Callicarpa americana L. R, Glandularia canadensis (L.) Nutt., Verbena hale: Small H VIOLACEAE Viola walteri House R VITACEAE Vitis mustangensis Buckl. R 24 PHYTOLOGIA volume 78(1):18-27 January 1995 Table 2. Soil Characteristics. Numbers in parentheses indicate number of samples analyzed. [__] T Bichrangeabie Tons (ppm) |] [Semple —[pRTP[K | Ca | Mg [OM%| Prairies Sean District, Natchitoches Parish) Ratibida ( K50H ae Carpenter (3) Coldwater (2) Calcareous Forest (Kisatchie District) K50C (1) 5.9 | 3 | 234 | 6530 308 the same manner for the Kisatchie District prairies and the Keiffer prairies (the latter list was drawn from a much larger area and from surrounding calcare- ous woodlands), it is not possible to calculate an accurate Index of Similarity. However, as the data currently stand, we calculated Sorensen’s Index of Simi- larity to be 48. This figure undoubtedly would be much higher if prairie sizes were equalized and the calcareous woodland data excluded. Probably more meaningful is a direct comparison between the Kisatchie District species list and the Keiffer list. This shows that 75% of the Kisatchie District prairie species have also been reported for the Keiffer prairies. Why do prairies remain open? It is believed that the physical properties of the soil (calcareous, high shrink-swell potential), climatic conditions that lead to moderately long droughts in the hot summer months, and frequent fire are responsible. Smith et al. (1989) conducted a limited study of the effect of fire on some of the Keiffer prairies. This research supports the findings of many others regarding the importance of fire in maintaining prairie communities. Fire supression would explain the apparent dramatic loss of so many prairies over the last two centuries. All else being equal, fire supression apparently leads to slow but steady invasion by woody species such as Crataegus, Diospy- ros virginiana, Berchemta scandens, Juniperus virginiana, Ilex decidua, and Cornus drummondit. The relationship between fire supression and woody plant encroachment was noted early in the nineteenth century. In 1806, Thomas Freeman, surveyor, and Peter Custis, naturalist, explored the Red River north to the present day Arkansas/Oklahoma/Texas border and wrote about the role of fire in the maintenance of the many prairies they visited in Louisiana and southwest MacRoberts & MacRoberts: Calcareous prairie flora 25 Arkansas. While emphasizing native Americans as the source of the fires, Freeman says: “The extensive prairies which are found in this rich and level country, appear to be owing to the custom of these [Indian] nations ... burning the grass at certain seasons. It destroys the brushes and underwood, and in some instances the timber, preventing the future growth where once the timber is destroyed....It is observed, that where these prairies are enclosed, or otherwise protected from fire, they soon become covered with bushes and timber trees, a circumstance which proves, that neither the nature of thi soil, nor any other natural cause, gives rise to these extensive and rich prairies....” (Flores 1984:210). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The continuing cooperation and assistance of the staff of the Kisatchie National Forest have been instrumental in making this study possible. Espe- cially to be thanked is Susan Carr, Forest Botanist. Financial suppoit was provided, in part, by a Challenge Cost-Share Agreement with the Kisatchie National Forest and Contract No. 43-7K11-4-0456 “Sensitive Plant and Habi- tat Inventory Kisatchie National Forest.” Robert Kral vetted a number of the plants. D.T. MacRoberts, Robert Kral, and Julia Larke made many useful comments on earlier versions of the paper. LITERATURE CITED Allen, C.M. 1992. Grasses of Louisiana. Cajun Prairie Habitat Preservation Society, Eunice, Louisiana. Caldwell, J. 1991. Kisatchie National Forest: Part of a 100-year heritage. Forests & People 41(1):35-46. Carr, B. 1993. A botanical inventory of blackland prairie openings: Sam Houston National Forest. Unpublished report. Texas Natural Heritage Program, Texas Parks & Wildlife Department, Austin, Texas. DeSelm, H.R. & N. Murdock. 1993. Grass-dominated communities. P. 87- 141. In W.H. Martin, S.G. Boyce, & A.C. Echternacht (eds.). Biodiver- sity of the Southeastern United States. John Wiley & Sons, New York, New York. Flores, D.L. 1984. Jefferson and Southwestern Ezploration: The Freeman and Custis Accounts of the Red River Expedition of 1806. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Oklahoma. 26 PHYTOLOGIA volume 78(1):18-27 January 1995 Frost, C.C., J. Walker, & R.K. Peet. 1988. Fire-dependent savannas and prairies of the southeast: original extent, preservation status and man- agement problems. Pp. 348-357. Jn D.L. Kulhavy & R.N. Conner (eds.). Wilderness and Natural Areas in the Eastern United States: A Man- agement Challenge. Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, Texas. Gandhi, K.N. & R.D. Thomas. 1989. Asteraceae of Loutsiana. Sida Bot. Misc. No. 4:1-202. Hart, B.L. & G.D. Lester. 1993. Natural community and sensitive species assessment on Fort Polk Military Reservation, Louisiana. Unpublished report. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Louisiana Geological Survey. 1984. Geologic map of Louisiana. Louisiana Department of Natural Resources, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. MacRoberts, B.R. & M.H. MacRoberts. 1992. Foristics of four small bogs in western Louisiana with observations on species/area relationships. Phy- tologia 73:49-56. MacRoberts, B.R. & M.H. MacRoberts. 1993. Vascular flora of sandstone outcrop communities in western Louisiana, with notes on rare and note- worthy species. Phytologia 75:463-480. MacRoberts, D.T. 1984. The Vascular Plants of Louisiana. Bull. Museum of Life Sciences No. 6. Louisiana State University, Shreveport, Louisiana. MacRoberts, D.T. 1989. A Documented Checklist and Atlas of the Vascular Flora of Louisiana. Bull. Museum of Life Sciences Nos. 7-9, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, Louisiana. Madsor, J. & F. Oberle. 1993. Tallgrass Prairie. Falcon Press, Helena, Montana. Martin, D.L. & L.M. Smith. 1991. A survey and description of the natural plant communities of the Kisatchie National Forest: Winn and Kisatchie Districts. Unpublished report. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Martin, P.G., C.L. Butler, E. Scott, J.E. Lyles, M. Mariano, J. Ragus, P. Mason, & L. Schoelerman. 1990. Soil Survey of Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. MacRoberts & MacRoberts: Calcareous prairie flora By Norman, H.J. 1991. Guarding Copenhagen Hills. Forest & People 41(4):4-9. Sims, P.L. 1988. Grasslands. Pp. 265-286. In M.G. Barbour & W.D. Billings (eds.). North American Terrestrial Vegetation. Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, New York. Smeins, F.E. & D.D. Diamond. 1988. Grasslands and savannahs of east central Texas: Ecology, preservation status and management problems. Pp. 381-394. In D.L. Kulhavy & R.N. Conner (eds.). Wilderness and Natural Areas in the Eastern United States: A Management Challenge. Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, Texas. Smith, L.M. 1991. Louisiana longleaf: An endangered legacy. Lotisiana Conservationist (May/June):24-27. Smith, L.M., N.M. Gilmore, R.P. Martin, & G. Lester. 1989. Keiffer ciulcare- ous prairie/forest complex: A research report and preliminary manage- ment plan. Unpublished report. Department of Wildlife and Fis eries, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Phytologia (January 1995) 78(1):28-35. NEW SPECIES OF SEYMERIA (SCROPHULARIACEAE) FROM MEXICO Billie L. Turner Department of Botany, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78713 U.S.A. ABSTRACT Three new species of Seymeria are described from México: S. cu- alana B.L. Turner (from northwestern Jalisco); S. gypsophila B.L. Turner (from southern Nuevo Leon and closely adjacent Tamaulipas); and S. pailana B.L. Turner (from Sierra de la Paila, southern Coahuila). In addition, new records and observations for S. defleza, S. falcata, S. integrifolia, S. pennellit, and S. tamaulipana are provided, along with a newly written key for the fifteen species currently recognized in México. KEY WORDS: Scrophulariaceae, Seymeria, México Turner (1982) provided a revisionary study of the Mexican species of Sey merza in which fifteen species were recognized, twelve of these largely confined to México. Routine attempts to identify miscellaneous Mexican collections assembled since that study have prompted the present contribution in which three new species are described, bringing to eighteen species the number rec- ognized in the genus, fifteen of these mostly Mexican. The following key will distinguish among the fifteen Mexican species. Else- where (Turner 1982) I have provided distributional maps for previously de- scribed Mexican taxa, and these need not be reproduced here, although a few new collections have extended the range of this or that taxon, and where significant these are commented upon below. KEY TO MEXICAN SPECIES 1. Perennials with ligneous or woody, often branched, root systems. ....(2) 1. Annuals with simple (rarely branched) tap roots. ................00 (8) 2. Corollas completely glabrous on their external surfaces. ........ (3) 28 Turner: New Seymeria from México 29 2. Corollas to some extent pubescent on their external surfaces. .. (7) 3. Leaves pinnatisect to bipinnatisect with filiform segments; Pacific coast slopes of Durango: and’ Sinaloa. 052070 6 See ee et S. pennellis 3. Leaves not as described in the above; Central Plateau and northeastern ina Slopes of Sretra Madre Oriental. 00.) 036005000 dna oew vonage ede (4) 4. Leaves, or ultimate divisions of leaves, linear; stems stiffly erect, glutinous; mostly gypseous soils. ...............005. S. gypsophila 4, Leaves or their ultimate divisions not linear, or if simple and linear then the stems mostly arched or trailing, not glutinous; calcareous SAS Ae oe Vi es ATE, Pgh TED EE Oe ak Late aed. sx 5) 5. Calyx densely glandular-pubescent throughout; mountains about M>ater- Re ee oe SR oe ala ad hn ata S. aefleza 5. Calyx eglandular, hispidulous to glabrescent. .............ceeeeeeees (6) 6. Leaves mostly linear-lanceolate, entire to 2-3 lobed; capsules ovoid, mostly ca. 6 mm long; Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas. S. tamaulipana 6. Leaves ovate to obovate (in outline), markedly lobed throughout; Metre Pata. WAM ct ee ead nasa s rea wneen oe ee eene S. pailana 7. Corollas 6-9 mm long; flowering pedicels mostly 5-12 mm long. S. virgata 7. Corollas 10-20 mm long; flowering pedicels mostly 10-20 mm long. ..... Saale, ip bas inal xa ntalése sais BO Sie Sok wre Bae nee Sie eRe es Lae ao S. decurva et apenles elabrovesc:|..45. .c¥ dain yseipent atid eieeihetelemeseek (9) 8. Capsules pubescent or atomiferous-glandular. ................ (11) 9. Calyx lobes pinnatisect; Mpios. de Talpa and de la Huerta, Jalisco. eave thee!) Cintas aleetlek an. nba. sékernebliaens at ae S. cualana By Gales lobes linear to oblanceolates: , Gate ton ntl '> ols iis saudt oe see (14) 14. Calyx, pedicels and foliage hispidulous to nearly glabrescent, devoid of glandular hairs; southern Durango and closely adjacent Jalisco. L Se ce GUIs 2a oe od» REO Cnt ad ode Se S. pennellit 14. Calyx, pedicels and foliage to some considerable extent glandular- pubescent; northcentral and northeastern México. ........... (15) Calyx, pedicels and (usually) foliage beset with short, stipitate-glandular trichomes only; leaves mostly pinnatisect. ................06. S. scabra Calyx, pedicels and foliage beset with multiseptate, glandular-trichomes, these usually interspersed with non-glandular hairs; leaves mostly pin- I i a a ae a win Gia din: 4 als ayes lens ne oS i S. coahuilana 16. Corollas 6-7(-8) mm long, very sparsely pubescent, the lobes nar- row, twice as long as wide; capsules mostly 7-8 mm long. ........ Pee ae as cpl glia en RAT Ane eR ea Os S. sinaloana 16. Corollas (7-)8-12 mm long, prominently pubescent (rarely not), the lobes broad, scarcely as long as broad; capsules mostly 8-12 mm A SE ey TEES ET IT S. bipinnatisecta SEYMERIA COAHUILANA (Pennell) Standley This is a problematic species, as already noted (Turner 1982). One addi- tional collection has come to light (Coahuila: Mpio. Castafias, Puerto de San Lazaro, Sierra de San Laz, 30 Aug 1939, Muller 3059 [MICH]). Since roots are unknown for the taxon, I am not certain if it is an annual or perennial. | have assumed it to be an annual because of its overall resemblance to Seymeria bipinnatisecta. SEYMERIA CUALANA BLL. Turner, sp. nov. TYPE: MEXICO. Jalisco: Mpio. de la Huerta, 5 km al E de la Mina, Sierra “El Cuale,” pine-oak woodlands, 8 Nov 1978, J.A.S. Magallanes 1236 (HOLOTYPE: UCR!). Turner: New Seymeria from México 31 Seymeria integrifoliae Greenm. similis sed differt foliis 1-2-pinna- tim dissectis divisionibus linearibus (vs. lacerate lobatis vel 1-pinna- tim dissectis), lobis calycum pinnatim dissectis foliis similibus (vs. lobis tantum lineari-lanceolatis integrisque), et pedicellis pubescen- tibus trichomatibus erectis glandulosi-capitatis (vs. trichomatibus recurvatis eglandulosis). Annual (?) herbs to 30 cm high (according to label data). Stems slender, minutely pubescent with both glandular-capitate and eglandular hairs. Leaves deeply once- or twice-dissected, 10-18 mm long, 6-8 mm across, the ultimate divisions linear, mostly 0.5 mm wide or less. Flowers arranged in leafy termi- nal racemes, the peduncles mostly 5-10 mm long, sparsely glandular-capitate. Calyces ca. 6 mm long; tubes 1.5-2.0 mm long; lobes pinnately divided like the leaves, 2-4 times as long as the tube, moderately capitate-glandular. Corollas glabrous externally, yellow, ca. 9 mm long, 8 mm wide (pressed); tube ca. 2 mm long; throat campanulate, ca. 3 mm long; lobes ca. 4 mm long, 3. mm wide, the margins ciliate. Anthers dehiscent for ca. 3/4 their length; filaments pilose for ca. 2/3 their length. Capsule broadly ovoid, glabrous, apically de- hiscent, ca. 7 mm long, 5 mm wide (pressed), the fruiting styles 7-9 mm long; seeds immature. ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED: MEXICO. Jalisco. Mpio. de Talpa, Cerros de Las Minas de Oro, “bosque de encino y pino en ladera”, 2000 m, 30 Oct 1971, R. Gonzdles T. 566 (MICH). If annual, which I suspect it is, this taxon will key in my treatment (Turner 1982) to Seymeria integrifolia, a species of Durango, Nayarit, and northcentral Jalisco, and certainly its closest relative. Seymeria cualana is readily separated by its markedly dissected leaves with filiform divisions and pinnately dissected calyx lobes. The latter character is not known elsewhere in the genus, although occasional specimens of yet other species may show the lobes to be toothed. In addition, the upper pedicels of S. cualana are pubescent with capitate- glandular hairs only, S. integrifolia possessing broad-based recurved eglandular hairs. SEYMERIA DEFLEXA (Eastwood) Pennell Since my earlier account of this species, the following collections have been examined: Nuevo Leon: Chipinque Mesa, 22 Dec 1987, Brown 11908 (TEX); Mpio. Montemorelos, Sierra de la Cebolla, 20 Aug 1939, Mueller 2870 (MICH); Cerro de la Silla, near Monterrey, 2 Sep 1937, White 142 (MICH). In habit and leaf shape, this species is superficially similar to Seymeria tamaulipana but is readily distinguished from the latter by its densely glandular- pubescent calyces. 32 PHYTOLOGIA volume 78(1):28-35 January 1995 SEYMERIA FALCATA B.L. Turner Since my earlier account of this species, the following significant collection has come to the fore: MEXICO. Chihuahua: Mpio. Ocampo, area of Cascada de Basaseachic, 2000-2100 m, 17-20 Oct 1986, Nesom 5675 (TEX). This collection belongs to, or is closely related to, the var. falcata. It differs from typical elements of the latter in having somewhat larger flowers on much longer arcuate pedicels (10-15 mm long vs. 6-10 mm long). Study of additional collections from the area in which this collection occurs might show that it belongs to an undescribed taxon. Most other collections of the taxon have been from southeasternmost Chihuahua and adjacent Coahuila. SEYMERIA GYPSOPHILA B.L. Turner, sp. nov. TYPE: MEXICO. Tamaulipas: ca. 52 air km WNW of Jaumave, ca. 10 km NW of Miqui- huana, 10 km N of La Perdida on top of ridge along high road to Marcela (ca. 23° 38’ N, 99° 52’ W), ca. 2000 m, 9 Oct 1982, James Henrickson 19188 (HOLOTYPE: TEX). Seymeriae tamaulipanae B.L. Turner similis sed differt plantis stricte erectis (vs. recumbentibus) et foliis glutinosis divisionibus lineari-lanceolatis plerumque multo longioribus quam latioribus (vs. non-glutinosis foliis plerumque simplicibus tantum lobatis vel divi- sionibus brevibus oblanceolatis). Stifly erect glutinous perennial herbs 30-50 cm high. Stems minutely hispidulous to glabrous. Midstem leaves mostly 2-4 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, merely lobed, or once- to twice-pinnately dissected, glutinous, the ultimate divisions mostly linear to linear-lanceolate. Flowers arranged in terminal leafy or bracteate racemes, the pedicels usually arcuate or sigmoid, mostly 5-20 mm long, Calyces 2.5-7.0 mm long, glabrous; cup 2-3 mm long; lobes linear-lanceolate, 1-4 mm long. Corollas yellow, 6-10 mm long, 4-6 mm wide, glabrous externally; tubes 1-2 mm long; throats 3-5 mm long, lobes 2-3 mm long, glabrous externally except for the ciliate margins. Anthers dehiscent throughout, the filaments densely pilose throughout. Capsules ovoid, glabrous, symmetrical, mostly 6-8 mm long, 3-4 mm wide (pressed), the fruiting styles 3-6 mm long; seeds not observed. ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: MEXICO: Nuevo Leon: along road from Aramberra to El Salitre, gypsum hillside, 1325 m, 26 Oct 1993, Hinton et al. 23753 (TEX); ca. 30 km ENE of Dr. Arroyo, 2.5 km ENE of San Antonio de Pena Nevada, W base of Mt., large area of gypsum outcrops, “only on gyp”, 6600 ft, 3-5 Aug 1981, Nesom 4259 (TEX); Cerro Pena Nevada, ca. 12 km NE of San Antonio de Pena Nevada, W and NW slopes of Mt. locally known as Pacacho Onofre, ca. 5 km NW of the latter peak, Jul 1977, Turner: New Seymeria from México 33 Wells & Nesom 312 (TEX). Tamaulipas: Mpio. Miquihuana, El Cargadero, 15 km NW of Estanque de los Walle, (ca. 23°60’ N, 99°55’ W), 2000 m, 25 Oct 1939, Herndandez S. 2059 (TEX); Sierra de San Carlos, Pico del Diablo, ca. Marmolejo, 12 Aug 1930, Bartlett 10920 (MICH). It is not certain that Seymeria gypsophila is confined to gypsum outcrops over the region of its distribution but, as noted by label data on Nesom 4259 who first collected the species, in that area it was found “only on gyp”, this fact underlined by the collector. Nevertheless, the type itself does not bear data as to substratum, but gypsum outcrops are known to occur in the region concerned. Also, gyp is not known to occur in the Sierra de San Carlos (Bartlett 10920), the mountains mostly composed of granitic outcrous (pers. obs.). Seymeria gypsophila is unquestionably close to S. tamaulipana, the \itter occurring on mostly calcareous or igneous soils, to judge from label data from ten different collections on file at LL,TEX. Numerous edaphic endemic. are known from southern Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas, and the present novelty merely extends the list. SEYMERIA INTEGRIFOLIA Greenm. Since my earlier account of this species (Turner 1982), the following col- lections have been examined: MEXICO. Durango: steep slopes at base of Espinoso del Diablo, road between Mazatlan and Durango, 2500 m, 28 Oct 1973, Breedlove 35734 (TEX). Jalisco: Mpio. Ayutla, 20 road-miles SW of Ayutla, 1950 m, 5 Nov 1962, McVaugh 22080 (MICH); Mpio. Zapopan, Cerro del Colli, orilla W de Guadalajara, 1760 m, 30 Oct 1991, Chazaro B. 6768 (MICH); 7-8 mi NW of Los Volcanes, 1900-2000 m, 23-25 Oct 1952, McVaugh 13690 (MICH). The Durango collection differs in having somewhat larger fruits thaa the collections from Jalisco and Nayarit, otherwise it appears fairly typical. Na- yarit: 22.7 km SW of Jesus Maria, 5 Nov 1988, Tellez V. 11402 (MICH). SEYMERIA PAILANA B.L. Turner, sp. nov. TYPE: MEXICO. Coahuila: Sierra de la Paila, Ejido El Cedral camino hacia el valle de parrenos (25°57’ y 101°33’)”, 1800-1900 m, 4 Oct 1989, J.A. Villarreal 5801 (HOLO- TIPE: LEX). Seymeriae tamaulipanae B.L. Turner similis sed foliis plerumque lineari-lanceolatis integrisque (vs. profunde lobatis vel bipinnatisec- tis), calycibus minoribus (3-5 mm longis vs. 5-6 mm), et corollis minoribus (5-6 mm longis vs. 8-10 mm) differt. 34 PHYTOLOGIA volume 78(1):28-35 January 1995 Perennial (?) suffruticose herbs to 50 cm high. Stems semierect or trailing, moderately pubescent with strigose or down-turned hairs, the vestiture ca. 0.1-0.3 mm high. Midstem leaves opposite, linear-lanceolate, sessile or nearly so, 1.5-3.5 cm long, 0.2-0.8 cm wide, gradually reduced upwards, 1-nervate, pubescent like the stems, mostly entire but some of the larger leaves with 1-2 lobes to a side, Flowers 3-20, arranged in terminal bracteate racemes, peduncles arcuate, mostly 10-15 mm long, pubescent like the stems. Calyces 3-5 mm long, hispidulous with down-curved hairs; cups 1.5-2.5 mm long; lobes linear, 1.5-3.0 mm long. Corollas yellow, 5-7 mm long, glabrous externally on the faces, the tubes 3-4 mm long. Anthers dehiscent for ca. 3/4 their length; filaments pilose for ca. 2/3 their length. Capsule ovoid, glabrous, apically dehiscent, mostly 8-10 mm long, ca. 5 mm wide (pressed), the fruiting styles 4-5 mm long; seeds immature. ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: MEXICO. Coahuila: Mina El Aguirreno, north side of Sierra de la Paila, steep calcareous slopes, 1700- 2000 m, 5 Jul 1973, Johnston 11681B (TEX); El Cedral, Sierra de la Paila, 1300-1600 m, 20 Aug 1987, Villarreal 13965 (TEX). This taxon is closely related to Seymeria gypsophila and S. tamaulipana but is distinguished from both by having linear-lanceolate, mostly entire leaves, smaller flowers, and larger capsules. So far as known the species is confined to the Sierra de la Paila in southern Coahuila, where it reportedly grows among pines and oak (Villarreal 3965, 5901) or within “chaparral” vegetation domi- nated by Yucca, Agave, Dasylirion, and Quercus (Johnston 11681B). SEYMERIA PENNELLII B.L. Turner MEXICO. Durango: Mpio. El Mezquital, 2750 m, 1 Nov 1982, Gonzalez & Rzedowski 2346 (TEX); ca. 75 km S of Cd. Durango along the highway to La Flor, 8000-9000 ft, 18 Aug 1982, Worthington 8846 (TEX). Jalisco: Mpio. Bolafios, ca. 30 km W of Bolamios, 2610 m, 19 Oct 1983, Lott 2066 (LL). When originally described, this taxon was thought to be perennial, and its fruit was unknown. New collections have come to light (cited above), including an isotype (MICH), that clearly show the taxon to be a taprooted annual; ad- ditionally, it clearly has glandular capsules, which readily distinguishes it from the superficially similar Seymeria integrifolia. In my protologue of S. pennellit, however, I did point out its possible relationship to the annual S. laciniata, which indeed it resembles, except that the foliage is markedly pubescent (vs. glabrous or nearly so) and the capsules have stipitate glands (vs. sessile). Turner: New Seymeria from México 35 SEYMERIA TAMAULIPANA B.L. Turner In my original description of this species I cited four collections in addition to type material. One of the former, Wells & Nesom 912 (LL), belongs to Seymeria gypsophila, described in the present paper. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am grateful to Guy Nesom for the Latin diagnoses, and to him and Ted Delevoryas for reviewing the paper. Special thanks are extended to MICH for the loan of their Mexican collections (totaling 69 sheets). REFERENCE Turner, B.L. 1982. Revisional treatment of the Mexican species of Seymneria (Scrophulariaceae). Phytologia 51:403-422. Phytologia (January 1995) 78(1):36-38. A NEW SPECIES OF TRIGONOSPERMUM (ASTERACEAE) FROM NORTHEASTERN MEXICO Billie L. Turner Department of Botany, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78713 U.S.A. ABSTRACT A new species of Trigonospermum, T. hintoniorum B.L. Turner, is described from southern Nuevo Leon and closely adjacent Tamaulipas. It is similar to T. annuum McVaugh & Laskowski, but more so to the recently described T. stevensii Sundberg & Stuessey from Nicaragua, differing from both in quantitative details of foliage, corollas, and ach- enes. KEY WORDS: Asteraceae, Trigonospermum, México Routine identification of collections from northeastern México has revealed the following novelty. TRIGONOSPERMUM HINTONIORUM B.L. Turner, sp. nov. TYPE: MEXICO. Tamaulipas: Mpio. Hidalgo, road between Caballos and Potreritos, in mixed forest, 1250 m, 22 Sep 1994, Hinton et al. 24873 (HOLOTYPE: TEX!). Trigonospermo annuo McVaugh & Laskowski similis sed differt foliis majoribus (plerumque 8-16 cm latis vs. 2-8 cm latis), flos- culis radii fuscatis majoribusque (ligulis in siccitate aurantiacis, 5-9 mm longis vs. luteis vel lutescentibus, 1.5-4.5 mm longis), flosculis disci numerosioribus (15-40 vs. 8-13), antheris longioribus (ca. 1.5 mm longis vs. 0.5-1.3 mm longis), et bracteis interioribus involucri pubescentibus (vs. glabris). Erect annual herbs to 1 m high. Mid to lower stems fistulose, 3-6 mm across, moderately pubescent with both glandular and nonglandular hairs, the 36 Turner: New Trigonospermum from México 37 latter ca. 0.5 mm long, the former ca. 0.3 mm long. Midstem leaves mostly 12- 30 cm long, 8-16 cm wide, sparsely appressed-pilose above and below; petioles 3-8 cm long, tapered upon by the blades; blades broadly ovate to elliptical- ovate, 3-nervate from below, the margins irregularly serrate. Heads few to numerous, arranged in rather open corymbose panicles, the ultimate pedun- cles mostly 1-3 cm long. Involucres broadly campanulate, 3-4 mm high, 6-8 mm wide (pressed), the outer herbaceous bracts pubescent, subequal in two series, the inner bracts membranous with ciliate margins, the faces sparsely pubescent. Ray florets 3, conspicuous; ligules 5-9 mm long, 3-lobed, the iobes mostly 2-4 mm long, 1.5-2.5 mm wide. Disk florets 15-40; corollas glabrous to sparsely pubescent on the lobes. Anthers ca. 1.5 mm long. Achenes more or less 3-sided, black, striate, glabrous, ca. 4 mm long. ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: MEXICO. Nuevo Leon: IMpio. Zaragoza, Cierro Viejo, 2000 m, Hinton et al. 23419 (TEX); 1685 m, Einton et al. 23476 (TEX); 1990 m, Hinton et al. 23478 (TEX) [all of the foregoing collected on 22 Sep 1993]; 1955 m, Hinton et al. 28493 [collected on 23 Sep 1993]. Tamaulipas: Mpio. Guemes, El Chihue, 2000 m, 10 Nov 1994, H:nton et al. 25098 (TEX). Trigonospermum hintoniorum is obviously closely related to T. annuum but is a more robust plant with much larger floral features, as noted in the above Latin diagnosis. The latter species is widespread throughout mest of México, but is not known from the northeastern region (Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas); it does occur in the state of San Luis Potosi where it has been reported by McVaugh & Laskowski (1972) in the vicinity of Cd. San Luis Potosi and subsequently collected by the Hintons (Mpio. “Sn N Tolentino”, Picacho, 1940 m, 20 Nov 1990, Hinton et al. 20870 [TEX)). Trigonospermum hintoniorum might be compared with the recently de- scribed T. stevensii Sundberg & Stuessy from Nicaragua (Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77:418-420. 1990.). When initially described (as a reviewer of the pa- per), I took T.. stevensii to be a large-headed populational form of T. annuum, which it well might be. With the discovery of T. hintoniorum, however, which is much closer to the “descriptive parameters” of T. stevensis than to T. an- nuum, I am reluctantly obliged to confess that perhaps two large-headed taxa have evolved out of the T. annuum complex: T. stevensit in Nicaragua; T. hin- tontorum in northeastern México. Alternatively, one might hypothesize that T. hintoniorum is but a disjunct element of T. stevensii, the former differing from the latter by its somewhat larger rays (mostly 5-9 mm long vs. 4.5-7.0 mm long), larger anthers (ca. 1.5 mm long, vs. 1.1-1.3 mm long), and most notably by its larger achenes (ca. 4 mm long vs. 2.5-3.2 mm long). This can be summarized in the following couplet: 1. Ligules of ray corollas 1.5-4.0 mm long; disk florets 1-13 per head; anthers 38 PHYTOLOGIA volume 78(1):36-38 January 1995 ak Baines Weta hie eset cies be oh cay wegen sed sabe nant saan T. annuum 1. Ligules of ray corollas 4.5-9.0 mm long; disk florets 15-40 per head; anthers € Noh ace LOT aes wa ee le OS Me be Cin ce oc es a (2) 2. Achenes 2.5-3.2 mm long; anthers 1.1-1.3 mm long; ligules mostly 4-0-1.0 mim longs Nicaragiia*. 29020094. AIO. Ra T. stevenst 2. Achenes 3.9-4.1 mm long; anthers ca. 1.5-mm long; ligules mostly 5-9 mm long; Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas, México. .. T. hintoniorum It is a pleasure to name the present taxon for the G.B. Hinton family, who have assembled all of the collections known to me (six in number, cited in the above). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am grateful to Guy Nesom for the Latin diagnosis, and to ho and T. Delevoryas for reviewing the manuscript. LITERATURE CITED McVaugh, R. & C. Laskowski. 1972. The genus Trigonospermum Less. (Com- positae, Heliantheae). Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 9:495-506. Phytologia (January 1995) 78(1):39-60. SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS ONOSMODIUM (BORAGINACEAE) Billie L. Turner Department of Botany, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78713 U.S.A. ABSTRACT A taxonomic study of Onosmodium (Boraginaceae) is rendered. The genus is confined to México, the U.S.A., anc closely adjacent Canada. Seven species of Onosmodium are recognized, as follows: a widespread O. bejariense [with four morphogeographical varieties: var. bejariense; var. hispidissimum (Mack.) B.L. Turner, comb. nov.; var. occiden- tale (Mack.) B.L. Turner, comb. nov.; and var. subsetosum (Mack. & Bush) B.L. Turner, comb. nov.|; O. dodrantale, confined to México; O. helleri, confined to Texas; O. molle, a localized cedar glades endemic of central Tennessee and closely adjacent Alabama and Kentucky; O. oaz- acanum, confined to México; O. virgintanum, widespread in the eastern U.S.A.; and O. unicum, confined to México. A key to all of these taxa is provided, along with distributional maps. KEY WORDS: Boraginaceae, Onosmodium, taxonomy The present study was occasioned by the author’s attempt to annotate ap- proximately 5000 sheets of the genera Lastarrhenum, Macromeria, and Onos- modium on loan to TEX for doctoral work by Ms. H.-G. Kim. She subsequently switched her doctoral focus, with my encouragement, to DNA studies cn the Compositae working in Dr. Bob Jansen’s laboratory, thus precluding (time- wise) any opportunity for the kind of study which I have provided here. My taxonomic concepts of these several genera are essentially the same as those used in my prior treatments of various genera of the families Asteraceae, Legu- minosae, and Lamiaceae, especially as regards the treatment of infraspecific categories. MacKenzie (1906) provided an early inclusive treatment of Onosmodium for the U.S.A., recognizing seven species. Macbride (1917) and Johnston (1924) provided additional insight by expanding upon the observations of earlier au- thors. Johnston (1954a, b), in particular, clarified the generic limits of Onos- modium and clearly contrasted and delineated the generic limits of the closely 39 40 PHYTOLOGIA volume 78(1):39-60 January 1995 related Lasiarrhenum, Lithospermum, Macromeria, and Perittostema. Turner (1994) combined Lasiarrhenum and Perittostema and subsequently provided an overview of the largely Mexican genus Macromeria (Turner 1995). Onosmodium was not treated in detail by Johnston (1954a, b), but Das (1965) provided an unpublished taxonomic account of the genus. The work of Das was reasonably sound, but his familiarity with taxa in the field was relatively limited. As treated below, Onosmodium is a small genus of seven species, four of these mostly confined to the U.S.A., and three to México. Only one species, O. bejariense, is treated as having meaningful infraspecific categories; within this, four intergrading regional varieties are recognized. KEY TO SPECIES OF ONOSMODIUM 1. Vestiture of stem, at least in part, composed of glandular trichomes; ctr a a ainsi AS che oe paints amen ee aie O. unicum 1. Vestiture of stem without glandular trichomes. ..............000e008: (2) 2. Low herbs 15-30 cm high; Mexican species. .............00eeee- (3) 2. Tall herbs 30-80 cm high; U.S.A. species. .........-....s 500000 (4) 3. Inflorescence short, 3-10 flowered; corolla tube glabrous within or nearly so; northeasturn MemicOM Cis i8 wk BPR ERIS Ode O. dodrantale 3. Inflorescence elongate, 20-flowered or more; corolla tube pubescent within with numerous elongate hairs; Oaxaca. ..............05. O. oazacanum 4. Pedicels of flowers, at anthesis and later, mostly 5-15 mm long; Edwards Plateau region of southcentral Texas. ......... O. hellers 4. Pedicels of flowers, at anthesis and later, mostly 0.5-5.0 mm long. . RU E.G haste: be ois nds Ade cting eee (5) 5. Lobes of corolla yellowish, linear-lanceolate to narrowly triangular, mostly 3-4 times as long as wide; Atlantic and Gulf Coastal plains from Mas- sachusetts to eastern Louisiana. .............seeeeceees O. virgintanum 5. Lobes of corolla greenish or whitish, variously deltoid or broadly triangular, mostly 1-2(-3) times as long as wide; more inland regions of the U.S.A. Pesto. edarinede. 980.5600; wi herita aA Mae one ae (6) 6. Leaves densely and uniformly appressed-pubescent on both surfaces, the whole plant ashy-white (rarely not ashy-white, but hairs oth- erwise all appressed); cedar glades of central Tennessee and closely adjacent Kerntuckyiand Alabsara: ciiiisicccesccss cas cet O. molle Turner: Synopsis of Onosmodium 4] 6. Leaves not pubescent as described in the above, the leaf vestiture nearly always with spreading or ascending hairs of two or more kinds; widespread but not in the cedar glades of Tennessee or closely adjacent Alabama and Kentucky. .................. O. bejariense ONOSMODIUM BEJARIENSE A. DC., Prodr. 10:70. 1846. Perennial erect or ascending often suffruticose herbs mostly 40-110 cm high, the stems arising from crowns of ligneous or woody roots. Midstems glabrous to densely appressed-pubescent or pilose, often with a mixed array of bota ap- pressed and pilose hairs. Midstem leaves lanceolate, oblanceolate or vari usly elliptical, sessile or nearly so, 6-12 cm long, 2-4 cm wide, variously pubescent. Flowers 10 or more in terminal or branched racemes. Calyces 4-9 mm long, the lobes linear lanceolate to oblanceolate, 0.7-1.5 mm wide. Larger corollas, whitish or greenish-white, mostly 17-20 mm long; tubes 14-16 mm long; !obes deltoid, 2.4-4.5 mm long, 1.4-3.0 mm wide, 1-2 times as long as wide (rarely not), glabrous within, pubescent without. Stamens extending to abort the base of the corolla lobes; anthers 2-4 mm long (including the terminal, often recurved mucro). Mature styles extending from the corolla for 5-25 mm. Nut- lets mostly 3-5 mm long, 2.4-3.5 mm wide, tapering to the base, or constricted. This is a widespread highly variable species occurring throughout mcst of the central and eastern U.S.A. My concept of the taxon is essentially the same as that of Cronquist (1959), Das (1965), Cochrane (1976), and Kaul (1986), except that I exclude from it Onosmodium molle Michx. which I recognize as a distinct species (for reasons elaborated upon in my discussion of the latter). With the removal of O. molle, the earliest name for the species (s.L) is O. bejartense, typified by material from southcentral Texas. Most of the material of the four varieties so recognized can be identified by the key presented below, but in regions of near sympatry or “overlap,” intermediates between the more typical forms often abound, as nicely documented by the study of Cochrane, who treated the infraspecific taxa as subspecies. The subspecific categories may be applied to the nomenclature I am proposing in the following manner: 1. Onosmodium bejariense A. DC. subspecies bejariense (authority auto- matic) a. Onosmodium bejariense A. DC. var. bejariense b. Onosmodium bejariense A. DC. var. occidentale (Mack.) B.L. Turner c. Onosmodium bejariense A. DC. var. hispidissimum (Mack.) B.L. Turner 2. Onosmodium bejariense A. DC. subspecies subsetosum (Mack. & Bush) Cochrane 42 PHYTOLOGIA volume 78(1):39-60 January 1995 a. Onosmodium bejariense A. DC. var. subsetosum (Mack. & Bush) B.L. Turner Das (1965) presented a reasonably well-constructed key to the five varieties (including Onosmodium mollis), with much emphasis upon corolla lobes and nutlet shape, and Cochrane (1976) provided a perceptive key (as subspecies) to the varieties Aispidissimum and occidentale in Wisconsin, emphasizing nutlet shape, but noting that “some specimens show overlapping or recombin- ing characters so as to appear variously intermediate between the subspecies”. Similar statements by others have been made for this complex as it occurs in Illinois, Missouri, and perhaps elsewhere. KEY TO VARIETIES OF O. BEJARIENSE 1. Stems mostly glabrous below the branches of the inflorescence; central and southern Missouri and closely adjacent Arkansas and Oklahoma. ..... PO ree ec MI NL ee eee Pete he re cakes es aks var. subsetosum 1. Stems clearly and persistently pubescent below the branches of the inflo- rescence; widesprend: 5). sias'04-p cine des 4s pad bsdess ole ds ee SE (2) 2. Corollas mostly 6-10 mm long; nutlets mostly flared at the base; in- terior regions of northeastern U.S.A. (and closely adjacent Canada) from New Hampshire south to the Carolinas and westwards to the eastern portions of Minnesota, [llinois, Missouri, and closely adja- I os a ss gl var. hispidissimum 2. Corollas mostly 11-20 mm long, nutlets mostly tapered to the base; southcentral U.S.A. mainly in grassland regions from Canada to sauthcentral’ Texas cin i eils si iic cn cae cdn os b> a's BO (3) 3. Midstem hairs widely spreading, the vestiture mostly 2-4 mm high; nutlets mostly 3-4 mm long; southcentral U.S.A. from Oklahoma and Arkansas pomtdt toigomthvern: Temas. cscs cide wie s s6s ele k cits var. bejariense 3. Midstem hairs appressed or ascending, the vestiture mostly 1-2 mm high; nutlets mostly 4-5 mm long; northcentral U.S.A. from northeastern New Mexico and western Texas north to Canada. .......... var. occidentale Turner: Synopsis of Onosmodium 43 ONOSMODIUM BEJARIENSE A. DC. var. BEJARIENSE Onosmodium bejariense A. DC., Prodr. 10:70. 1846. Onosmodium molle Michx. var. bejariense (A. DC.) Cronquist, Vasc. Pl. Pac. N.W. 4:234. 1959. Onosmodium molle Michx. subsp. bejariense (A. DC.) Cochrane, Michigan Bot. 15:104. 1976. TYPE: U.S.A. Texas: “Bejar ad Rio de la Trinidad” [probably in present day Madison Co., Texas, along the Trinity River at Robbins Crossing or Ferry, which was estabiished in 1821 as the Paso Thomas crossing of the old San Antonio and La Bahia Roads over the Trinity River; cf. Geiser 1937], May 1828, J.L. Berlandier 1681 (HOLOTYPE: G-DC; Fragment isotype: GH!: Pho- toisotypes: F!,GH!,MICH!). My delineation of var. bejariense differs from that of Das (1965) in miy in- clusion of numerous specimens from northcentral Texas, Oklahoma, Arkiunsas, and occasional plants from Louisiana (cited below) which he would include in his concept of ssp. occidentale, to judge from his distributional map and specimens cited. The var. bejariense is very closely related to var. occidentale, the two dif- fering mostly by pubescence and nutlet size, the stems of the forme: with longer-spreading hairs and the nutlets generally smaller. The two varieties intergrade over a broad area of Oklahoma and Kansas. Das (1965) fol.owed Cronquist in treating bejariense as a variety of Onosmodium molle. Unfortu- nately, Correll & Johnston (1970) in their treatment of Onosmodium for Texas, maintained O. bejariense, O. hispidissimum Mack., and O. occidentale Mack. as distinct species, following the early treatments provided by Johnston (1924, 1967). Since my delineation of var. bejariense differs from that of Das, especially as to geographical distribution, I have included below an abbreviated list of the specimens examined in the present study. It should be emphasized that nearly all of the plants of Onosmodium bejariense from Texas (Figures 1-4) belong to var. bejartense, there being only two Texas collections of var. occidentale known to me, one from Wichita Co. (Tharp s.n. [TEX]) - mapped by Das as var. bejariense, and the other from Tarrant Co. (Ruth 98 [GH]), although the latter is listed from Denton Co. on label data on a specimen at US!. Actually, both collections approach var. bejariense in stem-pubescence, but overall they seem closest to var. occidentale. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS: U.S.A. Arkansas: Lincoln Co.: De- maree 2260 (OKLA,UC). Little River Co.: Johnson 617 (MICH). Sevier Co.: Demaree 64944 (MICH). Oklahoma: Choctaw Co.: Trott s.n. (OSU). Mayes Co.: Wallis 3846 (OKLA). Payne Co.: Powers 213(OKLA). Pontotoc Co.: Robbins 2802 (UC). Tulsa Co.: Clark 310 (OSU). Louisiana: Calcasieu Parish: Palmer 7698 (CAS). Cameron Parish: Givens 4739 (MICH). Natchi- toches Parish: Palmer 7467 (CAS). Winn Parish: Urbatsch 4477 (MICH). January 1995 volume 78(1):39-60 PHYTOLOGIA 44 a Pa ANG ‘N r| su : ’ x ear” Ae PLY PaaS. & f’ 7 4 & 4 Ws St med RI AS ‘Sa, =Se" rey \ ‘ + evan ats tee sty. A Wy tow? ERE ve is TA LIP os, ra! i 4 LD Figures 1-4. General distribution of the varieties of Onosmodium bejartense: 1 ha? a ae » var. hispidissimum; and 4 - var. subse- intermediates between these morphogeographical is, Fe - var. bejariense; 2 - var. occidentale; tosum. In regions of contact taxa commonly occur. Turner: Synopsis of Onosmodium 45 Texas: Bell Co.: Wolff 2825 (US). Bexar Co.: Lundell 10268 (GH,LL,MICH). Brazoria Co.: Jordan s.n. (LL). Chambers Co.: Traverse (GH,TEX). Chero- kee Co.: Palmer 18847 (WIS). Collin Co.: Lundell 9294 (LL). Colorado Co.: Joor s.n. (US). Comal Co.: Lindhetmer (ARIZ,F,GH,NY,PH,TEX,UC,US). Dallas Co.: Lundell 18637 (GH). Ellis Co.: Cory 23385 (GH). Fannin Co.: Correll 873805 (LL,NY). Fayette Co.: Forshey s.n. (US). Goliad Co.: Williams 68 (PH,TEX). Gonzales Co.: Ginsbarg 925 (F, TEX). Grimes Co.: Massey 122 (LL). Harris Co.: Fisher 462 (US). Hays Co.: Johnson 495 (KANU,NY,TEX). Jackson Co.: Palmer 9716 (CAS,US). Kendall Co.: Smith 29557 (LL). Kimble Co.: Palmer 10919(CAS,US). Lamar Co.: Correll 97507 (GH,LL,TEX). Live Oak Co.: Correll 27055 (ILL,TEX,UC). McLennan Co.: Smith 1159 (KANU,TEX). Medina Co.: Hamby 1699 (LL). Menar1 Co.: Cory 24768 (KANU,GH). Polk Co.: Orzell 10812 (TEX). Sabine Co.: Carr 13110 (TEX). San Augustine Co.: Palmer 7890 (CAS,NY,US). Tarrar1 Co.: Ruth 216 (TEX). Tom Greene Co.: Tweedy s.n. (NY). Travis Co.: York 46053 (GH,LL,TEX). Uvalde Co.: Palmer 33647 (GH,NY,US). Victoria Co.: Schwarz s.n. (US). Walker Co.: Dizon 394 (F,GH,WIS). Washington Co.: Tharp s.n. (GH,MICH,TEX,UC). Williamson Co.: Whitehouse 19925 (OKLA). Wilson Co.: Palmer 9193 (CAS,PH,US). DISTRIBUTION (Figure 1) AND ECOLOGY: Southcentral Texas rorth- wards to Oklahoma and eastwards to eastern Tennessee and Alabama, mostly in grasslands or forest openings in deep silty or silty-clay soils; flowering May- July. ONOSMODIOM BEJARIENSE A. DC. VAR. HISPIDISSIMUM (Mack.) B.L. Turner, comb. nov. BASIONYM: Onosmodium hispidissimum Mack., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32:500. 1905. Onosmodium molle Michx. var. hispidissimum (Mack.) Cronquist, Vasc. Pl. Pacific NW 4:234. 1959. Onosmodium molle Michx. subsp. hispidissimum (Mack.) Boivin, Phy- tologia 22:372. 1972. TYPE: U.S.A. Indiana: Tippecanoe Co.: 4 mi sw of Lafayette, along Big Wea Creek, below Wabash railroad, 17 Jun 1941, Charles M. Ek s.n. (LECTOTYPE: NY!, selected by T. Barkley but first published here; Isolectotypes: CAS!,UC!). Onosmodium hispidissimum Mack. var. macrospermum Mack. & Bush, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32:502. 1905. TYPE: U.S.A. Missouri: Jackson Co., Atherton, 7 Sep 1895, Bush 363 (type material not located). Cochrane (1976) unnecessarily proposed the combination Onosmodium molle subsp. Aispidisstmum (Mack.) Cochrane, this combination having been pub- lished by Boivin in 1972. Das (1965) thought var. Aispidissimum to be based 46 PHY TOLDGIA volume 78(1):39-60 January 1995 upon OQ. carolinianum L. var. molle sensu A. Gray (1886), but the latter ap- plies to O. molle Michx., Gray apparently intent on reducing the latter name to varietal status under O. carolinianum L. (= O. virginianum [L.] A. DC.). The var. hispidissimum is widespread in the northeastern U.S.A., yet it is not especially well represented in herbaria, at least as compared with the vari- ety occidentale with which it intergrades, as documented by Cochrane (1976) for Wisconsin. Var. hispidissimum superficially resembles var. bejartense but the latter is readily distinguished by its larger corollas (mostly 17-20 mm long vs. 6-10 mm long) and its mostly smaller nutlets which do not usually flare at the base. Most specimens of var. hispidissimum previously reported from the southeastern U.S.A. (Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama) are, in my opinion, considerably introgressed by var. bejariense. Indeed, it is proba- ble that populations and/or individuals of O. virgintanum in this region which have received the name var. hirsutum Mack. are the likely residuum of gene flow between ancestral populations of O. bejariense and O. virginianum. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS: These need not be cited here since the characters which mark typical elements of var. hispidisstmum are fairly well- marked, and the specimens are mostly confined to the northeastern U.S.A. Nonetheless, there is considerable intergradation of this taxon into var. occt- dentale where the two come in contact (Figures 2-3), and with var. bejariense in the southeastern U.S.A., as noted above. DISTRIBUTION (Figure 3) AND ECOLOGY: Eastern U.S.A. and closely adjacent Canada from Maine to North Carolina, and southeastwards to Louisi- ana and northwards to Wisconsin, usually occurring in shady areas in deep clay or upon stony banks; flowering June-July. ONOSMODIUM BEJARIENSE A. DC. VAR. OCCIDENTALE (Mack.) B.L. Turner, comb. nov. BASIONYM: Onosmodium occidentale Mack., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32:502. 1905. Onosmodium molle Michx. var. occidentale (Mack.) I.M. Johnst., Contr. Gray Herb. n.s. 70:18. 1924. Onosmodium molle Michx. subsp. occidentale (Mack.) Cochrane, Michi- gan Bot. 15:104. 1976. TYPE: U.S.A. Nebraska: Kearney Co., “Prairie”, 13 Jun 1891, P.A. Rydberg s.n. (LECTOTYPE: NY}, selected by T. Barkley but first published here). My concept of this taxon is essentially the same as that of Das (1976). It occurs in the drier, more northwestern regions of the broad distribution of Onosmodium bejariense. Var. occidentale appears to intergrade into the be- jariense in northcentral Texas, central Oklahoma, western Arkansas, northern Missouri, [linois, and Minnesota. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS: This variety, for the most part, is well-marked; in Texas, it is known only from Wichita and Tarrant counties (cf. discussion under var. bejariense). Turner: Synopsis of Onosmodium 47 DISTRIBUTION (Figure 2) AND ECOLOGY: Northcentral Texas west- wards to Colorado, Montana, and Canada, eastwards to Illinois and Wisconsin, mostly silty-clay or sandy soils; flowering May-July. ONOSMODIUM BEJARIENSE A. DC. VAR.SUBSETOSUM (Mack. & Bush) B.L. Turner, comb. nov. BASIONYM: Onosmodium subseto- sum Mack. & Bush ez Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 1001. 1903. Onosmodium molle Michx. var. subsetosum (Mack. & Bush) Cronquist, Vasc. I. Pa- cific NW 4:234. 1959. Onosmodium molle Michx. subsp. subsztosum (Mack. & Bush) Cochrane, Michigan Bot. 15:104. 1976. TYPE: U.S.A. Missouri: Barry Co.: near Eagle Rock, “Common barens”, 11 Jui 1897, B.F. Bush 135 (HOLOTYPE: MO!; Isotypes: GH!,US!). Var. subsetosum, for the most part, is readily distinguished from :elated varietal taxa by its robust habit and glabrous lower stems. My evaluation of the taxon is essentially the same as that of Das (1965), both of us recognizing its intergradation into var. occidentale, as noted below. The taxon has a rela- tively well-defined distribution and does not co-occur with yet other varieties, although it appears to intergrade into the varieties bejyartense and occidentale to the south and north respectively, and possibly var. hispidissimum to the east, but not markedly so. Indeed, were it not for the few “intermediates” cited below, the taxon would have been treated as a species. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS: Since the var. subsetosum is well- marked and, for the most part, does not co-occur with peripheral taxa, typical specimens are not cited. Two Missouri specimens thought to be “intermedi- ate” with var. bejartense are cited here: Hempstead Co., Palmer 8039 (MO); Izard Co., Demaree 17022 (F). The former specimen is seemingly mor- or less intermediate, but the latter is more likely a pubescent-stemmed variant of an otherwise largely glabrous populational unit of typical subsetosum, this presumably the result of gene flow from its ancestral relative (presumably var. bejariense). It is noteworthy that label data on Steyermark 73999 (F) calls attention to a population in Missouri (Cooper Co.) in which both hispid- and glabrous-stemmed plants occur, otherwise the plants concerned are typical of var. subsetosum. DISTRIBUTION (Figure 4) AND ECOLOGY: Ozark highlands of Mis- souri and northern Arkansas (and closely adjacent Oklahoma) where it report- edly occurs in wooded limestone uplands and slopes in grassy glades; flowering May-June. ONOSMODIUM DODRANTALEI.M. Johnst., J. Arnold Arb. 18:22. 1937. TYPE: MEXICO. Nuevo Leon: Mpio. de Galeana, Peak of Cerro Po osi, 48 PHYTOLOGIA volume 78(1):39-60 January 1995 “Scattered in colonies in the upper pine wood”, 21 Jul 1935, C.H. Mueller 2259 (HOLOTYPE: GH!; Isotypes: F!,GH!,MICH!,TEX!). Stiffly erect perennial herbs 15-30 cm high. Stems rhizomatous, coarsely pilose with spreading or incurved hairs mostly 1-2 mm long. Midstem leaves ovate-elliptic, mostly 2-4 cm long, 0.8-1.3 cm wide, sessile or nearly so, mod- erately pubescent on both surfaces. Flowers arranged 3-10 in terminal leafy racemes, the pedicels mostly 3-10 mm long. Calyces 6-12 mm long, the lobes linear-lanceolate, 1-2 mm wide. Mature corollas yellow with greenish lobes; tubes 9-12 mm long, glabrous within; lobes deltoid, 3-4 mm long, the apices acute, sparsely pubescent to glabrous within, softly appressed-pubescent with- out, the glandular pleat 2-3 mm long, 0.1-0.5 mm high. Stamens extending to the base of lobes; anthers 2-3 mm long, the apical mucro ca. 0.1 mm long, recurved or not. Styles extending beyond the corollas for 4-16 mm, the apices bifid with globose stigmatic regions. Nutlets white, ca. 4 mm long, with a well-developed ventral ridge. As noted by Johnston in his original description, this is a well-marked species easily recognized by its low stature and relatively simple vestiture. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: MEXICO. Nuevo Leon: Pena Nevada, 26 mi NE of Dr. Arroyo, ca. 3300 m, 4 Jul 1959, Beaman 2691 (GH); San Antonio Pena Nevada, 2740 m, 29 May 1978, Hinton et al. 17978 (MEXU); Cerro Potosi, 3500 m, 21 Jun 1985, McDonald 1566 (TEX); Cerro Potosi, 3500-3700 m, 26 Jul 1985, McDonald 1808 (TEX,WIS); Cerro Potosi, 3550 m, 26 Jul 1985, McDonald 1823 (TEX); Cerro Potosi, ca. 9000 ft, 8 Jul 1963, McGregor et al. 290 (KANU)); ascent of Infernillo, ca. 15 mi SW of Galeana, 9000-10000 ft, 29 Jun 1934, Mueller 923 (F,GH,MICH,TEX); El Infernillo, 3000-3100, 29 Jun 1934, Pennell 17116(GH,PH). Tamaulipas: E side of Pena Nevada, 3500- 3600 m, 5 Jul 1985, McDonald 1651 (TEX); 7 km SW of Miquihuana, 3600 m, 5 Aug 1941, Stanford et al. 909 (ARIZ,CAS-DS,GH). DISTRIBUTION (Figure 6) AND ECOLOGY: Mountainous regions of southern Nuevo Leon and closely adjacent Tamaulipas, mostly in onem pine forests, 3000-3600 m; flowering May-Aug. ONOSMODIUM HELLERI Small, Fl. Southeast. U.S. 1000, 1337. 1908. TYPE: U.S.A. Texas: Kerr Co., along Bear Creek, 30 Apr 1894, A.A. Heller 1682 (HOLOTYPE: NY!; Isotypes: UC!,US!). Erect herbs mostly 35-60 cm high. Stems 1-several, arising from the crown of a ligneous or woody root, pubescent with both reflexed and spreading coarse hairs, the vestiture 1-2 mm high. Midstem leaves narrowly to broadly elliptic, mostly 8-16 cm long, (2-)3-8 cm wide, sparsely pilose on both surfaces, the hairs broad-based and rough to the touch. Flowers in terminal lax racemes, or Turner: Synopsis of Onosmodium 49 Figure 5: Site-map documenting the distribution of the varieties of Onosmod- ium bejariense from which Figures 1-4 were constructed: var. bejariense (open circles); var. hispidissimum (closed triangles); var. occidentale (closed circles); var. subsetosum (open triangles). Intergradants between these several taxa oc- cur near their distributional boundaries, but for simplicity they are not shown by symbol here, but many of these were annotated as such and are on file in the herbaria concerned. The specimen from Utah was perhaps improperly labeled as to location. 50 PHYTOLGA GLIA volume 78(1):39-60 January 1995 “ Figure 6. Distribution of the Mexican species of Onosmodium: O. dodrantale (open circles); O. oazacanum (closed triangles); and O. unicum (closed circles). Turner: Synopsis of Onosmodium 51 occasionally axillary; pedicels at maturity mostly 5-15 mm long. Calyces 6-10 mm long, the lobes linear-lanceolate, 1-2 mm wide. Larger corollas creamy- white; tubes 6-9 mm long, glabrous within; lobes deltoid, 3-4 mm long, the apices acute, sparsely pilose without, glabrous within, pleats seemingly absent. Stamens sagittate, extending ca. 1 mm beyond the base of the lobes, the filaments ca. 2 mm long, some of them markedly flattened and attached near the base; anthers ca. 2.5 mm long, the apical mucro ca. 0.2 mm long, recurved. Styles extending beyond the corollas for 6-12 mm, the apices bifid with globose stigmatic regions. Nutlets white, 3.0-3.6 mm long, 2.5-3.0 mm wide, mostly smooth, without basal constrictions. This species has been recognized as distinct and well-riarked by most work- ers, although acknowledged to be extremely variable in its vegetative cuarac- ters, which appears to be the case. Das (1965) notes that “Intermediates between this variety (sic) and others seem to be rare. The only one 10ticed is the collection of D. Demaree 20546 (SMU,MIN) from ‘Mount Nebo State Park, Yell Co., Texas,’ which resembles O. molle var. subsetosum in hair pat- tern on the upper surface of leaf.” This must be a citation error or writing lapse, for the place cited is neither in Texas nor is the specimen intermediate. But Das concludes, correctly I think, that ”In the absence of clear interme- diates and from the fact that O. hellert maintains its distinctiveness though occurring with O. molle var. bejariense, it seems justifiable to continue to treat O. helleri as a distinct species.” Nevertheless, Johnston (1967) apparently had great difficulty in separating Onosmodium hellert from O. bejariense, to judge from his “strained” key to species in the publication concerned. Numerous collections of O. helleri have been made since these early studies and it now seems clear that O. helleri is a localized endemic of southcentral Texas largely confined to the juniper- oak woodlands along the Edwards Plateau where it characteristically occurs in rather bare crumbly limestone soils, usually on slopes. Onosmodium bejariense is a species of more open grassland habitats occurring in deeper soils. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS: U.S.A. Texas: Bandera Co.: Cutler 872 (WIS). Bexar Co.: Ripley 4141 (NY). Comal Co.: Lindheimer 1025 (ARIZ,F,GH,NY,PH,TEX,UC,US). Hays Co.: Kidder s.n. (GH). Kendall Co.: Correll 29578 (GH,LL,MICH,TEX,UC,US). Travis Co.: Carr 4724, 6006, 9066, 9113, 9114, 10732, 10982 (all TEX). ONOSMODIUM MOLLE Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1:133. 1803. Lithosper- mum molle (Michx.) Muhl., Cat. 19. 1813. Purshia mollis (Michx.) Lehm., Asperif. 383. 1818. Onosmodium carolinianum L. var. mollis (Michx.) A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2(1):206. 1878. TYPE: U.S.A. Tennesee: Davidson Co., Nashville, 1816, Nuttall s.n. (HOLOTYPE: PH, not examined). 52 PHYTOLOGIA volume 78(1):39-60 January 1995 This taxon is readily distinguished by a combination of characters, most notably by its ashy-grey relatively narrow leaves which are abundantly and uniformly appressed-strigose on both surfaces, small corollas (mostly 7-9 mm long) with mostly glabrous tubes and softly puberulent lobes. Furthermore, it is apparently endemic to the cedar glades of Tennessee and closely adjacent Kentucky and Alabama. In my opinion, it does not intergrade with any of the varieties of Onosmodium bejariense. Das (1965) called attention to a number of geographically remote collec- tions of Onosmodium molle which show a “faint look” of O. bejariense var. occidentale and specifically cited a collection from Hempstead Co., Arkansas, (Palmer 889 [MO,US]) which he thought to be “intermediate between var. occidentale and [O. molle]”; my examination of the specimens concerned show these to be likely intermediates between varieties bejariense and subsetosum of O. bejartense, as their geography might suggest. Onosmodium molle was reduced to a variety of O. carolinianum (= O. vir- ginianum) by Gray but the latter’s concept apparently included elements of O. bejariense var. occidentale and O. bejariense var. bejariense, although the description rendered is strictly that of O. molle. Johnston (1924) retained O. molle, but 30 years later, after considerable study of the group, he apparently felt that the taxon was “incapable of sharp definition” (Johnston 1954a, p. 20). Johnston specifically noted that “Embarrassingly transitional forms [be- tween O. molle and O. bejariense var. subsetosum] appear to be frequent in Missouri, Iowa and Illinois where the ranges of the various species converge or even overlap. Analysis will probably reveal evidence of much hybridiza- tion and intragression (sic) affecting O. hispidissimum, O. occidentale, and O. molle in that area”. In truth, the region called to the fore by Johnston is a region of populational intergradation between the varieties hispidissimum and occidentale of Onosmodium bejarzense, probably having little to do with hybridization per se, but rather reflects the sorting out of the more western, less hispidulous, larger-flowered populations (var. occidentale) from the east- ern, more hispidulous, smaller-flowered populations (var. hispidissimum). In this region (even within a single county, e.g., Peoria Co., Ilinois) numerous intermediates between these two varietal taxa occur (much commented upon by several floristic workers, and by Das 1965), and the occasional variant in this region might be expected to approach O. molle in this or that character, which I take to be the cause for the citation by Das of a collection of O. molle from Jackson Co., Illinois (Gleason 2578 {GH]), the only collection of the latter thought by Das to occur outside of its “cedar glades” habitat. As noted above, Onosmodium molle is confined to cedar glade habitats of central Tennessee and closely adjacent states, and it is the most often collected taxon of Onosmodium in that state. I have examined only a few collections of O. bejariense var. hisptdissimum from Tennessee (Figure 3), one of these from Marion County (Webb 5029 [GH]), the latter adjacent to Franklin County, Turner: Synopsis of Onosmodium 53 Tennessee, where O. molle is known to occur. Perhaps these two taxa will be found growing together in this latter region, with the occasional hybrid, but the herbarium material I have examined strongly suggests that two distinct taxa are involved. At least I saw no clear intermediates. Regardless of its nomenclatural treatment, it seems apparent to me that Onosmodium molle is a more cohesive, more clearly defined taxonomic entity than are the several varieties of O. bejariense, all of which intergrade to some considerable extent in their regions of peripheral contact. This does not appear to be the case with O. molle, hence its recognition as a species here. After the above was written I happened upon a detailed paper by Kral (1983) in which he took essentially the same view as I have expressed here, noting that Onosmodium molle is a calciphilic endemic occurring “usually in pure populations within its narrow range”, but noting that it is sympatric with what I consider O. bejariense var. hispidissimum. Apparently, he too did not find intergrades between these taxa; at least these were not commented upon. My Figure 8, showing the distribution of O. molle, has been enhanced by two collections from northwestern Alabama mapped by Kral, collections which I did not examine. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS: U.S.A. Kentucky: Logan Co.: Palmer 17745 (MO). Tennessee: Davidson Co.: Chofin s.n. (KANU); Kral 305388 (MICH); Eggleston 4446 (MO); Gattinger 2100 (F,NY); Shanks 1535 (UC). Franklin Co.: Wofford 86-50 (GH). Maury Co.: Kral 26785 (KANU,OKLA). Rutherford Co.: Kral 31017 (MICH); McGregor 17164 (KANU). Wilson Co.: Kral 26971 (KANU). ONOSMODIUM OAXACANUM B.L. Turner, sp. nov. TYPE: MEX- ICO. Oaxaca: Llano Udadi, 4 km SE of San Andreas Lagunas, Pinus pseudostrobus woodland, 2380 m, 10 Jul 1981, A. Garcia M. 504 (HOLO- TYPE: MEXU!). Onosmodio dodrantali1.M. Johnston similis sed foliis multo ma- joribus (5-10 cm longis vs. 2-4 cm longis), floribus numerosioribus (20-40 vs. 3-10) in racemis circinatis, et corollis intus pubescentibus (vs. glabris) differt. Stiffly erect perennial herbs 27-40 cm high. Stems arising from a thick ligneous rootstock, moderately long-pilose, the hairs 2-3 mm long and of only 1 kind. Midstem leaves lanceolate-elliptic to oblanceolate, mostly 5-10 cm long, 1.0-1.3 cm wide, sessile and somewhat clasping, about equally pilose on both surfaces with broad-based hairs. Flowers numerous (20-40) and densely arranged in terminal bracteate circinnate racemes (sometimes 2 racemes ter- minating a stem), the pedicels mostly 3-10 mm long (in fruit). Calyces 10-13 January 1995 volume 78(1):39-60 PHY TOL@CIA 54 Figure 7. Distribution of Onosmodium helleri (open circles). 55 Synopsis of Onosmodium Turner: MILES nines 90 95° (open cir- eyariense var. subsetosum Figure 8. Distribution of Onosmodium b cles), and O. molle (closed circles). 56 PHYTOLOGIA volume 78(1):39-60 January 1995 mm long, the lobes linear-lanceolate 1.2-2.7 mm wide. Larger corollas yellow with greenish lobes; tubes 8-10 mm long, sparsely pubescent within, especially the lower portion, the hairs to 1 mm long; lobes narrowly deltoid, 2.5-3.0 mm long, 1.5-2.0 mm wide, the outer surfaces densely sericeous, the inner surfaces glabrous or nearly so, except near the apices, the pleats poorly developed, if at all. Stamens extending to the base of corolla lobes; anthers ca. 2.3 mm long, joined to the filament ca. 1/3 from its base, glabrous, the apical mucro much-reduced, ca. 0.1 mm long. Nutlets decidedly greyish, ca. 4 mm long, 3 mm wide, the inner ridge sharp, ca. 2 mm long. This is a very distinctive taxon, seemingly most closely related to Onosmod- ium dodrantale but readily distinguished by its large leaves, more numerous- flowered bracteate racemes, and corollas with interior portion markedly pubes- cent. ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED: MEXICO. Oaxaca: 4 km al N de Guadalupe Tixa, sobre el camino a San Andres Laguna, Distr. Teposcolula, pine forest, 2260 m, 15 Jul 1986, Garcia M. 2657 (MEXU). DISTRIBUTION (Figure 6) AND ECOLOGY: Known only from Oaxaca where it is reported “abundante” in open areas of pine forests, 2200-2400 m; flowering July. ONOSMODIUM UNICUM Macbride, Contr. Gray Herb. n.s. 49:21. 1917. TYPE: MEXICO. San Luis Potosi: Alvarez, 13-23 Jul 1904, E. Palmer 185 (HOLOTYPE: GH!; Isotype: F!). Stifly erect much-branched perennial herbs 40-60 cm high. Stems from thick ligneous rootstocks, pubescent with both appressed and spreading coarse hairs, distributed among these to varying degrees an array of delicate multi- septate glandular trichomes, 0.3-0.8 mm long. Midsten: leaves (of primary stems) mostly lanceolate-ovate, 5-9 cm long 1-2 cm wide, sessile or nearly so, sparsely to densely appressed-pubescent on both surfaces. Flowers 10 or more arranged in terminal leafy racemes 10-30 cm long, the pedicels mostly 5-15 mm long. Calyces mostly 7-10 mm long, the lobes linear-lanceolate, 2-4 mm long, 1.0-1.5 mm wide. Larger corollas yellow with greenish lobes; tubes 9-11 mm long, glabrous within; lobes narrowly deltoid, 2-4 mm long, the apices acute, appressed-pubescent without, glabrous within, the pleats inconspicuous. Sta- mens extending to the base of corolla lobes; anthers ca. 3.5 mm long, the apical mucro ca. 0.3 mm long, recurved. Styles extending beyond the corollas for 5-10 mm, the apices bifid. Nutlets beige, ca. 4 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, basally flanged, the dorsal ridge confined to the upper half. Johnston (1954a) remarked that Onosmodium unitcum was “scarcely more than a pubescent geographic form of O. bejariense and perhaps does not merit specific rank.” The taxon was known to him only by type material. Since that Turner: Synopsis of Onosmodium 57 time numerous collections of the species have been made over a large area and it seems clearly worthy of recognition. Das (1965) also recognized the species, noting its distinctive glandular vestiture. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS: MEXICO. Nuevo Ledén: Dulces Nom- bres, 1800 m, 14 Jul 1948, Meyer & Rogers 2775 (GH). Querétaro: 2 km N of San Joaquin, 2300 m, 26 Sep 1991, Ferndndez 4800 (MEXU). San Luis Potosi: Alvarez, 2200-2400 m, 30-31 Jul 1934, Pennell 17861 (GH,PH). Hi- dalgo: Zimapan, upper end of Barranca de San Vicinte, 2000 m, 25 Sep 1946, Moore 1303 (GH); between Zacualtipan and Olotla, 3 Jul 1947, Moore 3271 (GH,UC); 13.5 mi by road SW of Jacala, 11 Jun 1962, Webster et al. 11319 (F,MEXU). Tamaulipas: ca. 2 km N of Julio, Sierra de Guatemala, 1600 m, 19-25 Aug 1984, Johnston 12828 (TEX). DISTRIBUTION (Figure 6) AND ECOLOGY: Nuevo Leén, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, Querétaro, and Hidalgo, mostly in pine-oak woodland from 1600-2300 m; flowering May-August. ONOSMODIUM VIRGINIANUM (L.) A.DC., Prodr. 10:70. 1846. BA- SIONYM: Lithospermum virginianum L., Sp. Pl. 1:132. 1753. = Onos- modium hispidum Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1:133. 1803. TYPE: U.S.A. Virginia: w/o specific locality, date, or collector (HOLOTYPE: L; not examined). Onosmodium virginianum (L.) A.DC. var. hirsutum Mack., Bull. Tor- rey Bot. Club 32:499. 1905. TYPE: U.S.A. Alabama: Lee Co., Auburn, 29 May 1897, Earle & Baker s.n. (HOLOTYPE: MO, not examined). Onosmodium alabamense Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 65:63. 1918. TYPE: U.S.A. Alabama: “Gateswood”, 1 May 1903, S.M. Tracy 8400 (HOLOTYPE: P; Isotype: GH!). Onosmodium floridanum Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 65:63. 1918. TYPE: U.S.A. Florida: Polk Co.: Ohlinger 618 (HOLOTYPE: FP). Onosmodium longistylum Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 65:63. 1918. TYPE: U.S.A. South Carolina: Oconee Co.{?]: about “Oconec”, without date, Anderson s.n. (HOLOTYPE: P). Erect perennial herbs mostly 30-45 mm high. Stems rhizomatous, strigose, the hairs mostly appressed (except for forms from the southeastern U.S.A. with spreading hairs which have been given the name var. hirsutum), mostly 0.5-1.1 mm long. Midstem leaves mostly oblanceolate, 5-8 cm long, 1.2-2.0 cm wide, sessile to subpetiolate, pubescent like the stems except for the occasional ascending hairs along the veins. Flowers arranged 10-40 in branched terminal 58 PHYTOLOGIA volume 78(1):39-60 January 1995 racemes, the branches 6-14 cm long at anthesis, the pedicels 1-3 mm long. Calyces 4-7 mm long, the lobes linear-lanceolate, 2-3 mm long, 0.6-1.4 mm wide. Larger corollas 8-14 mm long, decidedly yellowish; tubes 6-9 mm long; lobes narrowly linear, mostly 3-5 mm long, 1.0-1.2 mm wide, 3-4 times as long as wide, sparsely pubescent within and without. Stamens extending to base of the corolla lobes; anthers 2-3 mm long, including the apical mucro. Mature styles extending beyond the corollas for 5-10 mm, the apices weakly bifid with globose stigmatic areas. Nutlets white to somewhat brownish apically, 2.5-3.0 mm long, 1.5-2.0 mm wide, without a basal flange. While quite variable, this is a fairly clear-cut taxon with a distinct distribu- tion (Figure 9), although Gray, early on, included Onosmodium molle within its parameters. I noted no clear intermediates between O. virginianum and other taxa. Populational forms with spreading hairs are commonly encoun- tered from eastern Louisiana to Florida. These have been referred to as O. virginianum var. hirsutum by some workers, but such forms often occur within the same general region as the more typical forms (e.g., in Polk Co., Florida). Since the hirsute forms do not appear to differ otherwise from typical forms of O. virginianum, formal taxonomic status seems superfluous. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS: Specimens are not cited here since the species is represented by numerous collections throughout the region con- cerned, there being little argument as to their identity, except for collections from the southeastern portion of its range where ancestral introgression from Onosmodium bejariense may have occurred. DISTRIBUTION (Figure 9) AND ECOLOGY: Mostly occurring in light sandy soils in openings or cleared areas of pine-oak forests of the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Regions; flowering May-Aug. REFERENCES Cochrane, T. 1976. Taxonomic status of the Onosmodium molle complex (Boraginaceae) in Wisconsin. Michigan Bot. 15:103-110. Correll, D.S. & M.C. Johnston. 1970. Onosmodium, pp. 1309-1310 in Man. Vasc. Pl. Texas. Texas Research Foundation, Renner, Texas. Cronquist, A. 1959. Onosmodium, in Vasc. Pl. Pacific N.W. 4:253-235. University of Washington Press, Seattle, Washington. Das, T.L. 1965. A taxonomic revision of the genus Onosmodium (Boragi- naceae). Masters Thesis, Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, Kansas. Geiser, S.W. 1937. Naturalists of the Frontier. Southern Methodist Univer- sity Press, Dallas, Texas. Turner: Synopsis of Onosmodium 59 Figure 9. Distribution of Onosmodium virginianum (closed circles). 60 PHYTOLOGIA volume 78(1):39-60 January 1995 Gibson, D.N. 1970. Macromeria. Fieldiana: Bot. 24(9):153-154. Gray, A. 1886. Onosmodium in Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2:205-206. American Book Company, New York, New York. Kaul, R.B. 1986. Boraginaceae, in Flora of the Great Plains. Great Plains Flora Assoc. (T.M. Barkley, ed.). Univ. of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas. pp. 683-701. Kral, R.K. 1983. Onosmodium molle Michx., in U.S.D.A. Tech. Publ. R8- TP2:424-928. Johnston, I.M. 1924. Studies in the Boraginaceae II. 1. A synopsis of the American native and immigrant borages of the subfamily Boraginoideae. Contr. Gray Herb. 70:3-61. 1954a. Studies in the Boraginaceae, XX VI. Further reevaluations of the genera of the Lithospermeae. J. Arnold Arb. 35:1-81. 1954b. Studies in the Boraginaceae. XX VII. Some general obser- vations concerning the Lithospermeae. J. Arnold. Arb. 35:158-166. 1967. Boraginaceae, in Flora of Texas. 1:123-221. Texas Research Foundation, Renner, Texas. Macbride, J.F. 1917. Further notes on the Boraginaceae. Contr. Gray Herb. 49:16-22. MacKenzie, K.K. 1906. Onosmodium. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32:495-506. Turner, B.L. 1994. Revisionary study of Lasiarrhenum (Boraginaceae). Phy- tologia 77:38-44. 1995. Synoptical study of the genus Macromeria (Boraginaceae). Phytologia 77:393-407. Phytologia (January 1995) 78(1):61-65. COMMENTS ON “THE CHRYSOTHAMNUS - ERICAMERIA CONNECTION” Guy L. Nesom & Gary I. Baird Department of Botany, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78713 U.S.A. ABSTRACT Anderson (1995) has accepted the recent transfer of four species of Chrysothamnus into Ericameria, but his subsequent transfer of the remaining twelve species of Chrysothamnus s. str. into Ericameria ap- pears to combine two phyletically disparate elements. In a peripheral concern, two new combinations are proposed to deal with a nomenclat- ural error and a newly described species of Haplopappus: Ericameria nauseosa var. oreophila (A. Nels.) Nesom & Baird and Ericameria lignumviridis (Welsh) Nesom. KEY WORDS: Chrysothamnus, Ericameria, Asteraceae, Astereae Anderson (1995) has accepted our recent transfer of four species from Chrysothamnus Nutt. to Ericameria Nutt. (Nesom & Baird 1993), but he has contended that Chrysothamnus (as understood by him) is coherent and that if some of it goes into Ericameria, all must. He then supplied the necessary formalities and transferred the remaining twelve extant species and one fossil species, as well as three of the five sectional categories, leaving Chrysothamnus a vacant synonym. Regarding the four species we transferred, however, Anderson did not offer any suggestion or comment regarding their position within Ericameria, and we thus assume that he recognizes our placement of them as correct (i.e.): (1) Ericameria nauseosa (Pursh) Nesom & Baird and E£. parryi (A. Gray) Nesom & Baird removed from Chrysothamnus and placed among the other nine species of Ericameria sect. Macronema (Nutt.) Nesom (rather than constitut- ing the ditypic Chrysothamnus sect. Nauseost H.M. Hall sensu Anderson), and (2) Ericameria teretifolia (Dur. & Hilg.) Jepson and FE. paniculata (A. Gray) Rydb. removed from Chrysothamnus and placed among the other twelve species of Ericameria sect. Ericameria (rather than constituting the ditypic Chrysothamnus sect. Punctati H.M. Hall sensu Anderson). 61 62 PHYTOLOGIA volume 78(1):61-65 January 1995 Anderson noted that (p. 86) “Clearly, Chrysothamnus (sensu Anderson 1986, not Nesom & Baird 1993) is fairly homogeneous and should not be dismembered.” In fact, however, it appears that he has accepted what we certainly construe to be a dismemberment of Chrysothamnus - a removal of four species in two separate elements (sect. Nauseosi and sect. Punctati) from the other twelve species that we left in the genus. He did not transfer either of these two sectional categories to Ericameria, but the twelve remaining species were transferred intact within the three sections that encompassed them in Chrysothamnus, with the resultant creation of three additional sections in Ericamerza. Our transfer of these four species out of Chrysothamnus was based not only on observations from natural hybridization and DNA studies but on a broader range of evidence as well, in contrast to what is acknowledged by Anderson. We transferred the species that were morphologically and chemically out of place in Chrysothamnus but easily accommodated within existing groups of Ericameria. The placement of E. teretifolia (as well as E. paniculata) into sect. Ericameria is based on its resemblance in a suite of characters, not merely its distinct tendency to produce distally expanded resin ducts in the phyllaries, its only feature to which Anderson gave attention. Similarly, the relationship of E. parryi clearly is with sect. Macronema; we also placed E. nauseosa in sect. Macronema but noted that it has similarities to Ericameria sect. Asiris (H.M. Hall) Nesom that complicate the distinction between the two sections. With the acceptance of these four species into Ericameria, the question becomes “Do the remaining twelve species of Chrysothamnus also belong in Ericameria?” Ina broadened perspective, and as we noted in our earlier paper,’ the remainder of Chrysothamnus (sensu Nesom & Baird, including the species of Hesperodoria and Petradoria) is most similar and apparently most closely related to the genus Stenotus, which is a part of the Solidagininae (Nesom 1994). Ericameria appears to be one of only two North American genera that belong to the subtribe Hinterhuberinae, which otherwise is restricted to the Southern Hemisphere. To the six morphological contrasts we used to distinguish Ericameria from Chrysothamnus, Anderson provided caveats and exceptions and noted that “clearly none of these six sets of characteristics can be used to consistently separate the two groups.” We agree with this and clearly did not mean that any one of them can be used this way, our own discussion explicitly anticipat- ing some of the same exceptions noted by Anderson. Rather, we viewed these characters as a syndrome which, taken as a whole, are indicative of the relation- ships suggested. We remain convinced that the two groups can be separated by such broad comparison. It should be remembered that Chrysothamnus has been one of the very few genera that even taxonomists maintaining the widest of generic concepts (e.g., H.M. Hall, A. Cronquist, S.L. Welsh, and L.C. Anderson) have long been willing to regard as a genus separate from the Hap- Nesom & Baird: Comments on Chrysothamnus- Ericameria 63 lopappus alliance (including Ericameria). In our interpretation, Ericameria and Chrysothamnus present a case of convergent evolution particularly chal- lenging to systematists. As Anderson noted in his own beginning comments (p. 84), wide morphological differences can falsely imply wide phylogenetic gaps, but in contrast, “some taxa may appear more closely related than they are.” Interpretation of the morphology is not unambiguous, however, and a more decisive judgement regarding the divergent opinions on the taxonomy of these species may not be forthcoming until detailed DNA data are available for a range of taxa. The largest part of Anderson’s rationale for joining the rest of Chrysotham- nus with Ericameria rests with the plant from Ash Meadows, Nevada, as well as the progeny from one of his “C. albidus garden plants,” which he has iden- tified as hybrids between C. albidus (A. Gray) E. Greene and E. nauseosa var. mohavensis (E. Greene) Nesom & Baird. We are still unconvinced that either of these plants is such a hybrid and stand by our earlier comments. But we reiterate: even if these plants should prove to have the parentage suggested by Anderson, the implication is equally or more that C. albidus should be con- sidered a phyletically extraneous element within Chrysothamnus, as suggested by its peculiar morphology, which makes it difficult to discern the nature of its relationship to the rest of the genus. We still find it reasonable that Chrysothamnus, as the closest relative of Stenotus (in our view), should be expanded to include Petradoria and Hesper- odoria. Anderson contends that Petradoria is not “morphologically compati- ble” with Chrysothamnus because of its radiate heads and sterile disc ovaries (and concomitant modification of the style branch morphology), yet many Astereaean genera encompass this sort of variation (Nesom 1994). Chrysotham- nus spathulatus L. Anderson is a sporadically radiate species already accepted within the genus. Further, based on an accumulation of morphological ev- idence from his own studies, Anderson (e.g., Anderson 1963, 1983, 1986; Anderson & Weberg 1974) has recognized a close similarity between Hes- perodoria, Petradoria, and his Chrysothamnus sect. Graminei L. Anderson, as well as other species of Chrysothamnus, especially C. vaseyi (A. Gray) E. Greene. Sect. Graminei comprises C. eremobius L. Anderson and C. gramineus H.M. Hall, which has alternatively has been treated as Petradoria discoidea L. Anderson. The position of the monotypic Vanclevea may lie outside of Chrysothamnus s. str., but we believe that the two are closely related, as An- derson’s morphological data suggest. The definition of Chrysothamnus and its closest relatives is discussed in detail by Baird (in manuscript). Finally, we observe that Anderson’s phrases “morphologically compatible” and “fairly homogeneous” do not provide much guidance for an understanding of Chrysothamnus. A “post-Hallian” phyletic overview of the genus has never been provided, and it is perhaps not surprising that Anderson decided to merge it with Ericameria, propelling the latter into the same “fairly homogeneous” 64 PHYTOLOGIA volume 78(1):61-65 January 1995 state that characterized the earlier Chrysothamnus (sensu Anderson 1986). Anderson (p. 87) noted that he has made available two alternate tax- onomies, “one for Chrysothamnus as a genus (Anderson 1986) or as a com- ponent of Ericameria (Nesom & Baird 1993, and here).” This appears to be three alternates rather than two, or else Anderson has omitted the solu- tion that we believe is the correct one: of three broad elements of traditional Chrysothamnus (sect. Nauseosi, sect. Punctati, and the rest), the first two have been absorbed within separate components of Ericameria, leaving a still recognizable Chrysothamnus, which is closely similar to Ericameria but only distantly related to it. TAXONOMIC MODIFICATIONS We take this opportunity to correct a nomenclatural error in our previ- ous transfers from Chrysothamnus to Ericameria, resulting from our lack of attention to the implication of the DeMoulin rule. Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ez Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. oreophila (A. Nelson) Nesom & Baird, comb. nov. BASIONYM: Chrysothamnus oreophilus A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 28:375. 1899. Chrysotham- nus oreophilus A. Nelson var. oreophilus A. Nelson (1912, autonymic, see below). Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pallas ez Pursh; Britt. var. oreophilus (A. Nelson) H.M. Hall, Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 7:175. 1919. Chrysothamnus oreophilus A. Nelson var. artus A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 54:413. 1912. Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pallas ez Pursh) Britt. var. artus (A. Nelson) Cronquist, Vasc. PL Pa cific Northw. 5:129. 1955. Ericameria nausecsa (Pallas ez Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. arta (A. Nelson) Nesom & Baird, Phytologia 75:85. 1993. (comb. illeg.). Chrysothamnus consimiks E. Greene, Pittonia 5:69. 1902. Chrysotham- nus nauseosus (Pallas ez Pursh) Britt. var. consimilis (E. Greene) H.M. Hall, Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 7:176. 1919. A species recently described (Welsh 1993) from Sevier County, Utah, be- longs in Ericameria sect. Macronema, close to E. crispa (L. Anderson) Nesom; the transfer is made here. Ericameria lignumviridis (Welsh) Nesom, comb. nov. BASIONYM: Hap- lopappus liignumuridis Welsh, Rhodora 95:398. 1993. Nesom & Baird: Comments on Chrysothamnus-Ericameria 65 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank Billie Turner and Mark Mayfield for their comments on the manuscript and Dr. Turner for pointing out the problem in infraspecific nomen- clature. LITERATURE CITED Anderson, L.C. 1963. Studies on Petradoria (Compositae): anatomy, cytol- ogy, taxonomy. Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci. 66:632-684. 1983. Chrysothamnus eremobius (Asteraceae): a new species from Nevada. Brittonia 35:23-27. - 1986. An overview of the genus Chrysothamnus (Asteraceae), Pages 29-45 in E.D. McArthur and B.L. Welsh, eds., Proceedings, Sym- posium on the Biology of Artemisia and Chrysothamnus. USDA, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Ogden, Utah. 1995. The Chrysothamnus - Fricameria connection. Great Basin Naturalist 55:84-88. Anderson, L.C. & P.S. Weberg. 1974. The anatomy and taxonomy of Van- clevea (Asteraceae). Great Basin Naturalist 34:141-160. Nesom, G.L. 1990. Nomenclatural summary of Ericameria (Asteraceae: Astereae) with the inclusion of Haplopappus sects. Asiris and Macronema. Phytologia 68:144-155. 1994. Subtribal classification of the Astereae (Asteraceae). Phy- tologia 76:193-274. Nesom, G.L. & G.I. Baird. 1993. Completion of Ericameria (Asteraceae: Astereae), diminution of Chrysothamnus. Phytologia 75:74-93. Welsh, S.L. 1993. New taxa and new nomenclatural combinations in the Utah flora. Rhodora 95:392-421. Phytologia (January 1995) 78(1):66-68. BOOKS RECEIVED Aspects of Tropical Mycology. Susan Isaac, Juliet C. Frankland, Roy Watling, & Anthony J.S. Whalley (eds.). Cambridge University Press, 40 West 20th Street, New York, New York 10011-4211. 1994. x. 325 pp. $89.95 ISBN 0-521-45050-0 (hardcover). Based on a symposium held by the British Mycological Soci- ety in April 1992, this book summarizes current research in tropical mycology. The volume comprises sixteen contributions from 23 au- thors. Topics range from desert systems to marine fungi, and from molecular studies to ecological associations. One chapter examines the economic potential of tropical fungi. British Plant Communities, Volume 3, Grasslands and Montane Communi- ties. J.S. Rodwell (ed.). Cambridge University Press, 40 West 20th Street, New York, New York 10011-4211. 1993. x. 540 pp. $195.00 ISBN 0-521-39166-0 (hardcover). This book is packed with information on grassland and montane plant communities in Britain. Within can be found keys to the var- ious community types, drawings of typical community expressions, maps depicting geographical distribution of the community types, and extensive tabular data. The text describes aspects of the com- munities such as subcommunities, successional patterns, commu- nity nomenclature and nomenclatorial history, physiognomy, habi- tats, distribution, and affinities to related communities. For any- one studying ecology within the area covered by this book, it would seem to be an invaluable reference. 66 Books received 67 Moss Protonema Differentiation. Volume 13 in the Research Studies in Botany and Related Applied Fields Series. Satish C. Bhatla. Research Studies Press, Ltd., 24 Belvedere Road, Taunton, Somerset, England TA1 1HD. Distributed by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, New York 10158. 1994. xviii. 296 pp. $79.95 ISBN 0-471- 94438-6 (hardcover). Not strictly limited to protonema differentiation, this book be- gins with a discussion of germination and structural features of spores. From there, the topic turns to protonemata and caulone- mata, and their responses to various environmental and physiologic stimuli. Much of the text is devoted to hormone influences on the tissues. The final chapter treats nucleic acid and protein synthe- sis in conjunction with differentiation. Printing for this book was completed from camera ready typescript. Techniques for Wildlife Habitat Management of Uplands. Neil F. Payne & Fred C. Bryant. Biological Resource Management Series, McGraw-Hill, Inc., 11 West 19th Street, New York, New York 10011. 1994. xxvi. 840 pp. $60.00 ISBN 0-07-048963-7 (hardcover); $26.95 ISBN 0-07-048966-1 (paper). Following an introductory chapter, the book contains three ma- jor sections pertaining to major habitat types. The introductory chapter defines terms, provides a conceptual framework, examines data collection methods, and considers the topic of biodiversity. The major section headings include forestlands, rangelands, and farmlands. Within each of these sections, general practices and options for land utilization are described within the context of the effects of these management practices on wildlife. The final section of the book considers “artificial improvements” that can be made to enhance wildlife habitat. Very extensive appendices are included in the book. The appendices contain information on wildlife food plants, plants used for restoration of degraded sites, habitat infor- mation for upland plants, information on forage plants, informa- tion on pesticides, and listings of plants and animals discussed. A very extensive bibliography is also included. These appendices and bibliography would be useful even in the absence of the text. 68 PHYTOLOGIA volume 78(1):66-68 January 1995 The Bamboos. F.A. McClure. Smithsonian Institution Press, 470 L’Enfant Plaza, Suite 7100, Washington, DC 20560. 1994. xxii. 345 pp. $16.95 (foreign $20.25) ISBN 1-56098-323-X (paper). This book updates one published by McClure in 1966. The volume contains information on vegetative and reproductive mor- phology, discussions of particular species, information on propaga- tion, and discussions of classification systems of bamboos. A key to species cultivated in the United States and Puerto Rico is also included. The Outer Reaches of Life. John Postgate, FRS. Cambridge University Press, 40 West 20th Street, New York, New York 10011-4211. 1994. xai. 276 pp. $22.95 ISBN 0-521-44010-6 (hardcover). This is a very interesting book in which the author brings the diversity and complexity of microbial life to the general public. It is written in a style that will appeal to nonscientists. Postgate examines microbial adaptation to survival under some of the harsh- est conditions on earth. These include extremes oj temperature, chemical environment, and pressures. Phytologia (January 1995) 78(1):69. DISPOSITION OF MANUSCRIPTS RECEIVED FOR VOLUMES 76 AND 77 Manuscripts listed below include those received after examination by two or more reviewers. A note of appreciation to reviewers is found on page 509 of volume 76 and page 512 of volume 77, with the lists of reviewers. Manuscripts received without review are not considered for publication until review has been completed. Manuscripts received: 97 Manuscripts accepted without revision: 12 Manuscripts accepted after revision: 73 Manuscripts returned to authors without publication: 3 Manuscripts currently under revision: 7 Manuscripts currently accepted but not yet published: 8 Papers published: 79 Days elapsed from receipt of manuscript to publication (includes only those. manuscripts selected for publication): mean = 63; range = 28-209 Days elapsed from acceptance for publication to publication of manuscript: mean = 47; range = 22-62 69 Phytologia (January 1995) 78(1):70. CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS Volume 77, issue 2, page 94, line 14 Saliz serissima should have first paren- thesis “(” before L.H. Bailey. Volume 77, issue 4, cover page, Books received page number should be “378”. Volume 77, issue 4, cover page, listing for Phytologia Memoirs available omit- ted. Volume 77, issue 5, page 382, line 10 of fourth full paragraph should read ” ...and the latter is known from a count of n=24 for var. inverta (Nelson & Macbr.) Edwin. ...”. Volume 77, issue 5, page 385, first full paragraph should begin, ” Castilleja parviflora is known from chromosome counts of n=12 for var. oreopola (Heckard 1968) and of n=24 for var. albida (Baker & Parfitt 1982) ...”. 70 Phytologia (January 1995) 78(1):71. PUBLICATION DATES FOR VOLUME 77 Volume 77(1): Date on title page-July 1994; Date of mailing-16 December 1994. Volume 77(2): Date on title page-August 1994; Date of mailing—5 January 1995. . Volume 77(3): Date on title page-September 1994; Date of mailing-31 January 1995. Volume 77(4): Date on title page-October 1994; Date of mailing-13 Febru- ary 1995. Volume 77(5): Date on title page-November 1994; Date of mailing-14 March 1995. Volume 77(6): Date on title page-December 1994; Date of mailing—21 April 1995. 71 NOW AVAILABLE, PHYTOLOGIA MEMOIRS, Volume 9 THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HERBARIA TYPE REGISTER CAROL A. TODZIA 1994, 8 1/4 x 10 3/4 in., 288 pp., $17.95, ISBN 0-9642085-0-4. A comprehensive listing of the type specimens found in the University of Texas at Austin Herbaria (LL, TEX). Each specimen fully documented with taxonomic, locality, and publication information. An invaluable reference for anyone requiring information on type specimens from the United States and Latin America (where the majority of the specimens originated). 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