An international! journal to expedite plant siicr idl PB and iia ata publication ‘BRAR Vol. 78 March 1995 SEP | oe, NEW YORK CONTENTS :TANICAL GARDEN _- NESOM, G.L., Revision of Chaptalia (Asteraceae: Mutisieae) from North America and continental Central America............ 0. c.cc cece cece cess ee enes 153 KLACKENBERG, J., Malagasy Asclepiadaceae: Reinstatement of the genus Pervillea and two new combinations. .........-..20ccccceeseseeeseeveenereeeees 189 MORALES, J.F., Evaluaci6n del género Alstonia (Apocynaceae) en Centro PREC SB sO ot Ca Ne aia Out ae saad in asus hsens se Wurth t-cacs wise 192 PMR Na A auilats Bye ERG Bia eis ak epee ckd ngs Loach ob potty oc y cukens Peeweert hee 195 at MORALES, J.F., An evaluation of the Mandevilla boliviensis complex....... 197 on TURNER, B.L., Two new species of Drymaria (Caryophyllaceae) from _ gypseous soils in northern Nuevo BOGE IMIERIOD: it. sn espns Rabarescurnen 199 _ TURNER, B.L., Synopsis of Ageratella (Asteraceae, Eupatorieae)............ 204 a TURNER, B.L.; A new species of Stachys (Lamiaceae) from the Sierra de | Manantlan of TMISEO, MERICOLE pin pies oeun tanet eta, bucsi So tenewesee scene as 209 + TURNER, B.L, Resubmergonce of Aydrodyssodia B.L.. Tumer into | Cpe eR McVaugh (Asteraceae, Tageteae), with description of a new species, Hydropectis estradii, from Chihuahua, MExico...................+- 211 S LAFERRIERE, J.E., Lectotypes of Berberis chochoco and its synonyms. ...214 Published by Michael J. Warnock 185 Westridge Drive Huntsville, Texas 77340 U.S.A. PHYTOLOGIA is printed on acid free paper. ——_—_ PHYTOLOGIA (ISSN 00319430) is published monthly with two volumes per year by Michael J. Warnock, 185 Westridge Drive, Huntsville, TX 77340. Second Class postage paid at Huntsville, TX: © 1995 by PHYTOLOGIA. © Annual domestic individual subscription (12 issues): $40:00.. Annual domestic institutional subscription (12 issues): $44.00. Foreign and/or airmail postage extra. Single copy sales: current issue and back issues volume 72 to present: $4.00; back issues (previous to volume 72): $3.00; add $.75 per copy postage and handling US [$1.50 per copy foreign]). Back issue sales by volume: $17.00 per volume 42-71 (not all available as complete — volumes); $21.00 per volume 72-present; add $3.00 per volume postage US ($6.00 per volume foreign). POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Phytologia, 185 Westridge Drive, Huntsville, TX. 77340-8916. Phytologia (March 1995) 78(3): 153-188. REVISION OF CHAPTALIA (ASTERACEAE: MUTISIEAE) FROM NORTH AMERICA AND CONTINENTAL CENTRAL AMERICA Guy L. Nesom Department of Botany, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78713 U.S.A. ABSTRACT Based on field and herbarium study, a revisionary study is presented for the species of Chaptalia from North and continental Central America. Six species compnise sect. Chaptalia; two of these are newly described, C. estribensis Nesom and C. madrensis Nesom, both from eastém México. Species of sect. Chaptalia are charactenzed by central flowers with stenle ovaries and ligules with purple midstripes and are restricted to México and the southeastern United States. The remaining six species in the present treatment belong to other sections of Chaptalia centered pnmanly in South America. Typifications are clanfied for C. pringlei, C. tomentosa, and C. nutans, the application of the names C. petrophila and C. spathulata remains somewhat uncertain. The proper disposition of Chaptalia lyrata D. Don requires that a new combination be made for it, Leibnitzia lyrata (D. Don) Nesom, which supplants the name previously used for the same species, Leibnitzia Seemannii. KEY WORDS: Chaptalia, Leibnitzia, Mutisieae, Asteraceae Chaptalia compnses about 56 species, the genus ranging widely through South Amenica into Central America and México; one large group of species is endemic to the West Indies; a single species (C. tomentosa Vent.) is somewhat isolated in the southeastern United States, its closest relatives among the Mexican species. The generic boundanes between Chaptalia and the pnmanly Old World genera related to it (particularly Gerbera L. and Leibnitzia Cass., see Jeffrey 1967) are problematic. The two New World species of Leibnitzia (Nesom 1983) have previously been regarded as congenenc with Chaptalia. The only large-scale study of Chaptalia (Burkart 1944) concentrated on Argentine species and provided only a synoptical treatment for the remainder of the taxa. Burkart listed 53 species; after additions and significant taxonomic realignments since Burkart's study, I find evidence for roughly the same number of species. Since 1944, Six taxa have been replaced or transferred to Chaptalia from Trichocline (Zardini 1975; Cabrera 1973) and four new species have been described from South Amenca (Cuatrecasas 1961, 1965). Treatments of Chaptalia species from North Amenca (Vuilleumier 1969; Simpson 1978; Cronquist 1980) have been limited in scope, and Central Amencan studies (Simpson 1975) also have dealt with only a few species. Many endemic taxa have been described from the West Indies and the genus in that area is in need of study and 153 154 PHY TORS GLA March 1995 78(3): 153-188 summary. Five taxa in Burkart's account of Chaptalia have been consolidated as a single species and transferred to the genus Leibnitzia. Finally, two new species of Chaptalia and a number of synonyms are recognized for the first ume in the present study, which provides a systematic treatment of Chaptalia from North and continental Central America. Field observations of eleven of the twelve species of Chaptalia recognized in the present study have provided valuable insights into species delimitations and relationships; I have not seen C. albicans (Sw.) Vent. ex Steudel or the problematic populations identified as C. spathulata (D. Don) Hemsl. and C. petrophila Greene. Simpson (1975, p. 1277) observed that “many specimens seem to intergrade between species,” but the only instance where | have observed the possibility of such intergradation is between C. nutans (L.) Polak. and C. texana Greene, as discussed below. Because of their relatively simple habit (a rosette of basal leaves with scapose, monocephalous stems), the species of Chaplalia are superficially similar arnong themselves. Specimen citations below are abbreviated in most cases, the distributional data provided by the maps; fuller specimen information is on file in the Chaptalia repnnt folder at TEX. CHAPTALIA Vent., Descript. Pl. Nouv. Jard. Cels 61. 1802. TYPE: Chaptalia tomentosa Vent. Leria DC., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 19:68. 1812. (non Adanson 1763.). Chaptalia sect. Leria (DC.) Burkart, Darwiniana 6:560. 1944. TYPE: Leria nutans (L.) DC., based on Tussilago nutans L. (= Chaptalia nutans [L.] Polak.). Lieberkuhna Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat. 26:286. 1823. Chaptalia sect. Lieberkuhna (Cass.) Burkart, Darwiniana 6:539. 1944. TYPE: Lieberkuhna bracteata Cass., nom. illeg., based on Perdicium piloselloides Vahl (= Chaptalia piloselloides [Vahl] Baker). Loxodon Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat. 27:253. 1823. Chaptalia sect. Loxodon (Cass.) Burkart, Darwiniana 6:534. 1944. TYPE: Loxodon brevipes Cass., nom. illeg., based on Tussilago exscapa Pers. (= Chaptalia exscapa [Pers.] Baker). Oxydon Lessing, Linnaea 5:357. 1830. TYPE: Oxydon bicolor (Willd. ex Less.) Lessing, nom. illeg., based on Chaptalia runcinata Kunth. Thyrsanthema Necker ex O. Kuntze, nom. superfl. illeg., Rev. Gen. Pl. 1:369. 1891. Thyrsanthema Necker, nom. illeg., Elem. 1:6. 1790. LECTOTYPE (Kuntze 1891, but see comments below): Thyrsanthema nutans (L.) O. Kuntze (= Chaptalia [Tussilago| nutans [L.] Polak.). Necker's proposed genenc name was provided with a Laun description but not with the citation of any species or any indication of a type; he menuoned only the Linnaean genus Tussilago. Thyrsanthema was not validated unul 1891 by O. Kuntze (Rev. Gen. PI. 1:369.); indications in various literature that Chaptalia is a conserved name apparently are based on the mistaken assumption that it was predated by Necker's Thyrsanthema (see comments by Rickett & Stafleu 1960). In contrast to Kuntze, Greene (1906) observed that the best choice for the lectotype of Thyrsanthema should not have been the monocephalous Tussilago nutans but rather some thyrsiflorous species of Petasiles, which Linnaeus reduced to Tussilago. Correspondingly, in what amounts to an altemative lectotypificauon, Greene suggested that Petasites (Tussilago) hybridus (L.) Gaertn., Mey., & Scherb. is closer to Necker's intended application of Nesom: Revision of Chaptalia 155 Thyrsanthema and made the nomenclatural combination as Thyrsanthema hybrida (L.) Greene (Leafl. Bot. Observ. 1:158. 1906.). Perennial herbs, sometimes with a short rhizome, producing numerous, thick fibrous roots, a rosette of basal leaves, and monocephalous, bracteate or ebracteate scapes. Leaves ellipuc to obovate, entire to toothed or lobed, sometimes lyrate, usually densely appressed-villous beneath, often glabrous or glabrescent above. Heads cylindncal to campanulate, erect at anthesis but either nodding or erect in bud and again in fruit; receptacles flat to shallowly convex, foveolate to smooth. Flowers dimorphic or tnmorphic in 2-3 concentric zones, one zone of the pistillate flowers lacking when dimorphic. Outer flowers pistillate in 1-2(-3) series, the corollas ligulate, with or without a bifurcate inner lip, creamy-white to purple; corollas of the inner pistillate zone with a reduced ligule and inner lip, sometimes reduced to only the style and tube; style branches terete and linear to flattened and oblong. Innermost flowers bisexual, sometimes with stenle ovaries, the corollas bilabiate with recurved or coiling lobes, sometimes nearly regular with shallow lobes. Achenes fusiform, often slightly flattened, with or without a constncted neck or long beak, mostly 4-12 ribbed, glabrous or with short, inflated duplex trichomes with rounded to minutely apiculate apices; pappus bristles more than 50, minutely barbellate. Base chromosome number, x=24. The inner pistillate flowers of Chaptalia appear to be transitional between the ligulate, outer, pistillate ones and the tubular, inner, bisexual flowers in two ways: 1) they usually are bilabiate, even if the outermost are not, and 2) in some species they sporadically produce small, abortive stamens. In none of the North and Central Amenican Chaptalia, however, are these “staminodia” as large or well-developed as in the species of Old World genus Gerbera, where they have been used as a diagnostic character to separate the two genera (Burkart 1944; Zardini 1974). SECTIONAL TAXONOMY The species of Chaptalia were divided by Burkart (1944) into seven sections. These appear to be natural groups after the admission of several caveats (comments below). Six of the North and Central American species constitute sect. Chapltalia; five are members of sect. Leria, and one belongs with sect. Lieberkuhna. Sect. Archichaptalia Burkart and sect. Pseudotrichocline Burkart are confined to South Amenica, and sect. Microchaptalia Burkart, which appears to be morphologically heterogeneous, is endemic to the West Indies. Chaptalia secuon Chaptalia (species 1-6) Scapes ebracteate (bracteate in one species), heads nodding in bud, bisexual flowers with sterile ovanes, and relatively broad ligules with a purple, abaxial midstripe. Sect. Chaptalia is a clearly monophyletic group of six species in México and the southeastern United States. Chaptalia tomentosa (southeastem U.S.) and C. madrensis Nesom (Sierra Madre Oriental of México) appear to be specialized within the section in their narrowly beaked achenes and pistillate ligulate corollas without an inner lip. The pattern of geographic disjunction between these apparent sister species also is found in numerous other taxa of plants and animals (e.g., Rosen 1978). Chaptalia lyratifolia Burkart, C. estribensis Nesom, and C. hintonii Bullock are similar 156 PHYTOLOGIA March 1995 78(3): 153-188 in their strongly colonial habit from long rhizomes, leaves with cordate bases and strongly mucronulate margins, pistillate flowers with markedly foreshortened style branches, and unbeaked achenes. Among these, C. /yratifolia and C. estribensis produce thick-coriaceous leaves and probably are most closely related to each other. Chaptalia pringlei Greene is relatively isolated within the section: the stems usually are bracteate, the heads lack a zone of eligulate pistillate flowers (all pistillate flowers are distinctly ligulate) and the achenes produce a short, slightly constricted neck. Chaptalia section Leria (DC.) Burkart (species 7-11) Scapes bracteate or ebracteate; heads nodding in bud; central flowers with fertile ovaries; and ligules narrow, without a midstripe. Jeffrey (1967) suggested that sect. Leria be combined with sect. Lieberkuhna, but I agree with Burkart (1969) the two groups are distinct. Chaptalia nutans and C. texana appear to be closely related to each other; the phyletic affinities of C. hololeuca Greene, C. transiliens Nesom, and & albicans are unclear. The scapes of C. albicans are prominently dilated just beneath the heads, a feature found in some species of sect. Microchaptalia. Chaptalia section Lieberkuhna (Cass.) Burkart (species 12) Scapes bracteate, heads erect in bud, central flowers with ferule ovaries, and the heads alternating between chasrmogamous and cleistogamous modes. As noted by Burkart (1969), the monotypic sect. Loxodon (Cass.) Burkart almost certainly belongs with this group. Taxa now treated as Leibnitzia are excluded from sect. Lieberi:uhna sensu Burkart. Chaptalia runcinata Kunth is morphologically isolated in North Amenica; its closest relatives are the five other South Amenican species of the section. ARTIFICIAL KEY TO THE CHAPTALIA SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICA AND CONTINENTAL CENTRAL AMERICA lL. :Scapesiewithy l-8) bracts 2 ete | cba aoe. Sree vn stionea dounieanorestesucuee teen (2) I Scapesiebracteates sic deics onie cia csicentets aelvapes @ S|Suaipew "> « Distnbution of Chaptalia tomentosa and C. madrensis. 78(3): 153-188 Nesom: Revision of Chaptalia 171 4 C. pringlei \ © C. hintonii © C. lyratifolia 2 =e a \ 4C. estribensis Map 2. Distnbution of Chaptalia lyratifolia, C. estribensis, C. hintonii, and C. pringlet. 172 PHYTOL @GEA March 1995 78(3): 153-188 eyeujIuNni “Oe Sua}||SUBI} "9 v Map 3. Distnbution of Chaptalia runcinata and C. transiliens. 173 Revision of Chaptalia Nesom: © C.texana 4 C. nutans Map 4. Distribution of Chaptalia nutans and C. texana. The “S” shows the locality of C. spathulata (see comments in text). 174 PHY TOL OGTA March 1995 78(3): 153-188 Sued|qie") y B Najojoy > e Map 5. Distnbuton of Chaptalia hololeuca and C. albicans. Nesom: Revision of Chaptalia 175 EZ WP gd Figure 1. Habit of Chaptalia tomentosa (ditis 25151). 176 PHY TOLOGPA March 1995 78(3): 153-188 Figure 2. Habit and leaf vanation of Chapialia madrensis (Nesom 4758). Disconnected leaves show species vanability at x 2/3 scale of full plant Nesom: Revision of Chaptalia 177 Figure 3. Habit of Chapialia lyratifolia (Lyonnet 3490 with stoloniferous branch of Nesom 1019). Disconnected leaves show species vanability at x 2/3 scale of full plant. 178 PHYTOLOGIA ] WWE Wit Figure 4. Habit and leaf vanauion of Chaptalia estribensis (Gimate L. s.n. March 1995 78(3): 153-188 yy Nesom: Revision of Chaptalia 179 Figure 5. Habit and leaf variation of Chaptalia hintonii (Hinton 8562). Disconnected leaves show species variability at x 2/3 scale of full plant 180 PHY TOLOGIA March 1995 78(3): 153-188 Figure 6. Habit and leaf variation of Chaptalia pringlei (Nesom 4405). Disconnected leaves show species vanability at x 2/3 scale of full plant Nesom: Revision of Chaptalia 181 we Figure 7. Habit and leaf variation of Chapialia nutans (Ventura A. 12763). Disconnected leaves show species vanability at x 2/3 scale of full plant 182 PHY TOLGGIA March 1995 78(3): 153-188 Figure 8. Habit and leaf variation of Chaptalia texana (Nesom 4758-B). Disconnected leaves show species vanability at x 2/3 scale of full plant. Leaves marked “P” are from C. petrophila. Revision of Chaptalia 183 | | Nesom: Figure 9. Habit and leaf variation of Chaptalia transiliens (Nesom 4759). Disconnected leaves show species vanability at x 2/3 scale of full plant 184 PHY TOL OGIA March 1995 78(3): 153-188 uae Figure 10. Habit and leaf vanation of Chaplalia hololeuca (Palmer 298). Disconnected leaves show species vanability at x 2/3 scale of full plant Nesom: Revision of Chaptalia Figure 11. Habit of Chaptalia albicans (Ventura A. 8381). 185 78(3): 153-188 March 1995 PHYTOLOGIA 186 Figure 12. Habit of Chaptalia runcinata (Nesom 4439). Nesom: Revision of Chaptalia 187 (HOLOTYPE: OXF ex herb. Lambert, marked by Pavoén as “Hieraciwn stipitatum N.E.”, photo-US!). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank S.K. Marner for detailed observations of the specimen of Chapialia lyrata D. Don at OXF and photographs of it (the photos have been deposited at US), C.E. Jarvis for observations on the type of C. nutans in the Linnaean herbarium, curators and staff at F and FI for photographs of type specimens, R. McVaugh for comments on the status of C. petrophila, D. Boufford, V. Bates, and J. Strother for comments regarding Walter’s use of the name Perdicium semiflosculare, J. Strother for a detailed cnitique of an early version of this manuscript and B.L. Tumer and M. Mayfield for their comments on the present one, and staff of the following herbaria for loans of specimens or help during visits: ARIZ, ASU, CAS-DS, CM, DUKE, F, FTG, GH, LL, LSU, MEXU, MICH, MO, MSC, MU, NATC, NCU, NLU, NMC, NY, OS, PH, SMU, TEX, UC, UNM, US, and WIS. Field expenses (1982) for this research were partly funded by a Faculty Research grant from Memphis State University. Nine of the habit illustrations are by Chuck Adams. LITERATURE CITED Baldwin, J.T. & B.M. Speese. 1947. Chaptalia nutans and C. integrifolia: their chromosomes. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 74:283-286. Burkart, A. 1944. Estudio del género de Compuestas Chaptalia con especial referencia a las especies argentinas. Darwiniana 6:505-594. Burkart, A. 1969. Comentano acerca de “Chaptalia” Vent. (Compositae) a raiz de las publicaciones de Baldwin and Speese (1947), Jeffrey (1967) y otros autores. Darwiniana 15:554-555. Cabrera, A.L. 1977. Mutisieae -- systematic review. Pp. 1039-1066, in The Biology and Chemistry of the Compositae, Vol. 2, Heywood, V.H., J.B. Harborne, & B.L. Turner (eds.). Academic Press, New York, New York. Cabrera, A.L. & R.M. Klein. 1973. Flora Illustrada Catarinense, Part 1: FASC. COMP., Tnbo: Mutisieae, pp. 1-124. Cronquist, A. 1980. Vascular Flora of the Southeastern United States. Vol. |, Asteraceae. Univ. North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Cuatrecasas, J. 1961. Studies on Andean Compositae V. © Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 74:7-28. Cuatrecasas, J. 1965. Miscelanea sobre Flora Neotropica. II. Ciencia (México) 24: 121-124. Davis, H.B. 1936. Life and Work of Cyrus Guernsey Pringle. Univ. of Vermont (Free Press Printing Co.), Burlington, Vermont. Greene, E.L. 1906. Alasites and Thyrsanthema. Leaf]. Bot. Observ. 1:191-195. Jeffrey, C. 1967. Notes on Compositae: II. The Mutisieae in east Tropical Africa. Kew Bull. 21:177-223. Jones, S.B. 1966. Compositae chromosome numbers. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 93:278-284. McVaugh, R. 1972. Nomenclatural and taxonomic notes on Mexican Compositae. Rhodora 74:495-516. 188 PHY TOLOGTA March 1995 78(3): 153-188 McVaugh, R. 1977. Botanical results of the Sesse & Mocino expedition (1787- 1803). I. Summary of excursions and travels. Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 11:97-195. McVaugh, R. 1984. Chaptalia. in Fl. Novo-Galiciana 12 (Compositae): 214-220. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Nesom, G.L. 1983. Biology and taxonomy of American Leibnitz ia (Asteraceae: Mutisieae). Brittonia 35:126-139. Nesom, G.L. 1984a. A new, widespread species of Chaptalia (Asteraceae: Mutisieae) from México. Rhodora 86:127- 130. Nesom, G.L. 1984b. Taxonomy and distribution of Chaptalia dentata and C. albicans (Asteraceae: Mutisieae). Brittonia 36:396-401. Rickett, H.W. & F.A. Stafleu. 1960. Nomina generica conservanda et rejicienda spermatophytorum VI. Taxon 9:153-161. Rosen, D.E. 1978. Vicariant patterns and historical explanation in biogeography. Syst. Zool. 27: 159-188. Simpson, B.B. 1975. Chapialia, in Flora of Panama. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 62: 1277-1280. Simpson, B.B. 1978. Chaptalia. N. Amer. Flora II. 10:3-7. Torres, A.M. & A.H. Liogier. 1970. Chromosome numbers of Dominican Compositae. Bnittonia 22:240-245. Turmer, B.L. 1959. Méeiotic chromosome counts for 12 species of Texas Compositae. Bnittonia 11:173-177. Vuilleumier, B.S. 1969. The tnbe Mutisieae (Compositae) in the southeastern United States. J. Amold Arb. 50:620-625. Wiggins, I.L. 1980. Flora of Baja California. Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford, California. Zardini, E. 1974. Sobre la presencia del género Gerbera en Amenca. Hot. Soc. Argentina Bot. 16:103-108. : Zardini, E. 1975. Revisidn del género Trichocline (Compositae). Darwiniana 19:618-733. Phytologia (March 1995) 78(3):189-191. MALAGASY ASCLEPIADACEAE: REINSTATEMENT OF THE GENUS PERVILLEA AND TWO NEW COMBINATIONS Jens Klackenberg Naturhistoriska riksmuseet, Sektionen for fanerogambotanik, Box 50007, S- 104 05 Stockholm, SWEDEN ABSTRACT A species previously placed in Toxocarpus Wight & Arnott (Asclepiadaceae, Secamoneae), 7. decaryi Choux, is outside the morphologic and phylogenetic bounds of this genus. In contrast, it is more closely related to the Malagasy endemic Pervillea Decaisne (Secamoneae), a hitherto monotypic genus usually included in Toxocarpus, but here reinstated as a separate genus. Toxocarpus decaryi is transferred to Pervillea. Furthermore, the Malagasy monotypic genus Menabea (Secamoneae) shares several advanced androecium characters with Pervillea and is merged with this genus. KEY WORDS: Pervillea, Toxocarpus, Menabea, Secamoneae, Madagascar During a survey of the tribe Secamoneae in Madagascar for “Flore de Madagascar et des Comores”, I have come across three taxa that have been misplaced, viz. Toxocarpus tomentosus (Decne.) Jum. & Perr., T. decaryi Choux, and the monotypic Menabea venenata Baillon. Toxocarpus Wight & Amott is a mainly Asian genus with a few species also described from the Afncan mainland and Madagascar. The type species, T. kleinii Wight & Arnott, distributed in India and Sn Lanka, is characterized by a two-parted dorsiventrally flattened corona lobe, a stigma head placed directly on the ovary with a thick lower part and a long, thin upper part distinctly projecting above the staminal column. The Asian Toxocarpus constitute a fairly well circumscribed group. However, in Madagascar Toxocarpus is not unambiguously distinguished from Secamone, the other large genus within the tnbe Secamoneae. With stress on different features, Secamone has been characterized by the minute flowers with ovate corolla lobes overlapping to the right, the coronal folioles with 5 free falcinulate or ligulate appendages projecting outwards, the globose pollinia, the broad retinaculum with involute base, and muticous stigmatic apex (Tsiang 1939: 54, see also Klackenberg 1992: 8 for references). However, none of these characters hold true for Malagasy Secamoneae. Most of the Malagasy taxa belonging to the tribe Secamoneae have been placed in the genus Secarnone although several exhibit characters said to be restricted to Toxocarpus, such as dorsiventrally flattened corona lobes, long stigma head, large tlowers swith the corolla overlapping to the left (see Klackenberg 1992) or ellipsoid pollinia 189 190 PHY TOLOGIA March 1995 78(3): 189-191 (see Civeyrel 1994). These characters have been variously combined with the features mentioned above, used to circumscribe Secamone. However, a handful of distinctly deviating taxa with large flowers and dorsiventrally flattened corona lobes have been considered to be congeneric with the Asian Toxocarpus. Two of those, T. tomentosus and T. decaryi, plus the monotypic genus Menabea, will be discussed below. Toxocarpus tomentosus was described by Decaisne (1844: 613) as Pervillea tomentosa Decne. and placed in the tnbe Marsdenieae. This opinion was followed by Schumann (1895: 291), but later it was transferred to Toxocarpus by Jumelle & Perrier (1907: 389; 1908: 214), who correctly stated that each corpuscule has four pollinia. It has dorsiventrally flattened corona lobes and large flowers, characteristic for Toxocarpus, but is, however, furnished with long projecting connectives. These prolonged connectives should be compared to the anthers in Secamone/Toxocarpus that lack any processes at the thecae or are topped by a membranaceous film or some papillae only. Toxocarpus tomentosus is also distinguished from Secamone!/Toxocarpus by its discoid stigma head rather abruptly narrowed into a style and topped by a short and broad upper part. This structure is found also in, ¢.g., Periplocaceae, but not in Secamone/Toxocarpus, which are characterized by a stigma head with a thick lower part situated directly on the ovary without a style. The four ellipsoid pollinia are glued to a very thin U-like folded corpusculum without caudicle. The leaves are covered by an indumentum of curled hairs with very small lumen. These hairs are not found elsewhere in Secamone/Toxocarpus. Consequently, this species does not fit in Toxocarpus s. str. as it is circumscnbed in Asia, nor in Secamone s. |. as it is known in Madagascar, and the onginal name, Pervillea, must be reinstated for this taxon. Toxocarpus decaryi, described by Choux (1927: 197) is charactenzed by the same structure of the connectives, stigma head, pollinanum, and indumentum as Pervillea tomentosa, mentioned above. Toxocarpus decaryi must hence be excluded from Toxocarpus, and transferred to Pervillea. A third taxon, Menabea venenata, exhibits the same structure of the connectives, stigma head, pollinanum, and indumentum present in Pervillea tomentosa and P. decaryi. It was described, however, as a monotypic genus by Baillon (1890: 825) placed in the Periplocoideae. Menabea was not mentioned in Schumann's treatment for Die Natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien (Schumann 1895). A few years later it was transferred to the tnbe Asclepiadeae (“Cynanchées”) by Heckel (1902: 366) who pointed out the presence of pollinia. It was correctly placed in tribe Secamoneae by Jumelle & Perner (1908: 215), who observed 20 pollinia in each gynostegium, a key character for this tribe. Jumelle & Perner, however, calling the attention to the similarity between Menabea and Pervillea (Toxocarpus), did not merge these genera, due to a supposed absence of a corpusculum. This observation has been repeated by others, e.g. recently by Verhoeven & Venter (1994: 305, 307), who furthermore due to this supposed missing corpusculum placed Menabea in Periplocaceae. However, according to my studies, a corpusculum is present, and has the same structure as in P. tomentosa and P. decaryi, and Menabea should thus be merged with Pervillea. Being the older name, Pervillea has prionty. The necessary nomenclature follows: Klackenberg: Reinstatement of Pervillea PERVILLEA DECARYI (Choux) Klack., comb. nov. BASIONYM: Toxocarpus decaryi Choux, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 33:197. 1927. (“decaryiv’ sphalm.). TYPE: Decary 2853 (LECTOTYPE [here selected]: P). PERVILLEA VENENATA (Baillon) Klack., comb. nov. BASIONYM: Menabea venenata Baillon, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 104:825. 1890. TYPE: S. coll. (Grandidier), Tanghin de Ménabé, MADAGASCAR. (LECTOTYPE [here selected]: P). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am grateful to Drs. L. Hedenads and P.O. Karis, Stockholm, for reviewing the manuscript. LITERATURE CITED Baillon, M. 1890. Sur le Tangin de Ménabé. Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris. 104:825-826. Choux, P. 1927. Nouvelles observations sur les Asclépiadacées malgaches de la région d'Ambovombé. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., (Paris). 33:193- 200. Civeyrel, L. 1994. Vanation et évolution des types polliniques du genre Secamone (Asclepiadaceae, Secamonoideae). - Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Panis, Sér 3, Sci. vie, Evolution. 317:1159-1165. Decaisne, J. 1844. Asclepiadaceae. Jn: de Candolle, A.L.P.P. (ed.), Prodromus Systematis Naturalis . 8:490-66S. Heckel, E. 1902. Sur le Menabea venenata Baillon. Compt. Rend. Hebd. Séances Acad. Sci. Panis. 134:364-366. Jumelle, H. & H. Permer de la Bathie. 1907. Note sur la flore de nord- ouest de Madagascar. Ann. Inst. Bot.-Géol. Colon. Marseille, Sér. 2. 5:363-405. Jumelle, H. & H. Permer de la Bathie. 1908. Notes biologiques sur la végétation du nord-ouest de Madagascar; les Asclépiadacées. Ann. Inst. Bot.-Géol. Colon. Marseille, Sér. 2. 6:131-239. Klackenberg, J. 1992. Taxonomy of Secamone s. lat. (Asclepiadaceae) in the Madagascar Region. Opera Bot. 112:1-127. Schumann, K. 1895. Asclepiadaceae. Jn: Engler, A. & K. Prantl (eds.), Die Natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien.. 4(2):189-306. Leipzig, Germany. Tsiang, Ying 1939. Notes on the Asiatic Apocynales 1V. Sunyatsenia 4:31- 94 Verhoeven, R.L. & H.J.T. Venter. 1994. Pollen morphology of the Periplocaceae from Madagascar. Grana 33:295-308. 19] Phytologia (March 1995) 78(3): 192-194. EVALUACION DEL GENERO ALSTONIA (APOCYNACEAE) EN CENTRO AMERICA J. Francisco Morales Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio), Apto. 22-3100, Sto. Domingo de Heredia COSTA RICA ABSTRACT Species of Alstonia are evaluated. Incorrect applications of the names A. longifolia and A. pittieri are clarified. RESUMEN Las especies del género Alstonia son evaluadas: se aclara la confusion respecto a la incorrecta aplicacién de Alstonia longifolia y Alstonia pittieri. KEY WORDS: Central America, Apocynaceae, Alstonia El género Tonduzia fue creado por Pittier en 1908, caractenzado por sus foliculos secos, no carnosos, semillas secas, aladas y el cdliz eglandular. En 1938, en !a Flora de Norte América, Woodson reports tres especies: T. longifolia (A. DC.) Wcodson, T. pittieri J.D. Smith y T. macrantha Woodson. Posteriormente en 1948, Pichon en su monografia sobre la clasificaci6n sistematica de la familia, colocé dicho género bajo la sinonimia (reduciendolo a una secc:5n) del género Alstonia, ampliamente distnibuido en el Paleotrépico, ya que ambos eran coespecificos; sin embargo, inicamente transfind una especie (Tonduzia longif;lia) de las tres especies de Tonduzia aceptadas. Dicha proposicion fue prdcticamente ignorada ba THEN tratamientos y Tonduzia siguidé siendo aceptado como un género valido. Postenormente, en 1983 Gentry transfin6 el resto, pero evidentemente el no observo los tipos, pues asumi6 como validas la aceptacion de las especies publicadas por Woodson. Una examinacién detallada de los ejemplares tipos de todas las especies de Tonduzia descntas en Centro Aménca y México, revel6 una mala aplicacién del nombre Alstonia longifolia (A. DC.) Pichon para la mayoria del matenal depositado en herbanios. El tipo de Rauvolfia longifolia A. DC., descnto por Alphonse De Candolle a partir de una coleccién de Hartweg proveniente de México, presenta inflorescencias cortas, con pocas flores, con el tubo de la corola de 8-10 mm, con los l6bulos también muy desarrollados (S-6 mm x 2-3 mm); sin embargo, el eyemplar upo de Alsonia macrantha (Woodson) A. Gentry, considerado por Gentry como una especie diferente, ise Morales: Evaluation of Mandevillia boliviensis complex 193 presenta exactamente las mismas caracteristicas descritas anteriormente, por lo que debe ser considerado como un sin6nimo de dicha especie. Asimismo, la mayoria del matenal que ha sido identificado como Alstonia longifolia, realmente pertenece a Alstonia pittieri (J.D. Smith) A. Gentry, especie que se caracteriza por presentar inflorescencias generalmente desarrolladas, con muchas flores, estas con el tubo 4-6 mm y los ld6bulos 3-5 mm x 1-2 mm. La identificaci6n de especimenes de Alstonia con frutos es en algunos casos dificil, sobre todo para plantas provenientes de Guatemala y México, pero en todo caso, A. longifolia presenta inflorescencias y pedunculos mucho mds cortos que A. piltiert. Clave para las especies de Alstonia en Mesoamérica 1. Tubo de la corola 7-10 mm, Idbulos obovados, 5-6 mm x 2-3 mm; inflorescencia con pocas flores; México y Guatemala. .2:..2.. 22. Sansone. A. longifolia 1. Tubo de la corola 46 mm, I6bulos oblongos u obovado-oblongos, 3-5 mm x 1-2 mm; inflorescencias generalmente densas, con muchas flores; México hasta Costa Betts Pee a hee fost Pk Sic i SOES Ee oe oe k's ECT D wei RSet rote MIA « Seki’ A. pillieri Alstonia longifolia (A. DC.) Pichon, Bull. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Paris ser. 2, 19:297. 1947. BASIONYM: Rauvolfia longifolia A. DC., Prodr. 8:338. 1844. TIPO: MEXICO. Hartweg 491 (HOLOTIPO: V, foto F!,MO!,NY!,US! ex V). Tonduzia longifolia (A. DC.) Woodson, N. Amer. Fl. 29:122. 1938. Tonduzia macrantha Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 24:12. 1937. TIPO: GUATEMALA. Quezaltenango: Volcan Zunil, 9 July 1930, Skutch 87] (HOLOTIPO: MO!; Isotipo: US!). Alstonia macrantha (Woodson) A. Gentry, syn. nov. Ann. Missoun Bot. Gard. 70:206. 1983. Arboles 6-11 m, ramitas algo triangulares cuando jovenes, teretes despues. Hojas en verticilos de 3, raramente 2, 6.5-16.0 cm x 1.4-3.4 cm, oblongo-elipticas, largamente acuminadas, cuneadas o atenuadas en la base, eglandulares, venacion conspicua y prominente, peciolo caniculado, 0.5-2.0 cm, glandular en las axilas. Inflorescencia cyma corymbosa terminal, mds corta que las hojas adyacentes, aglomerada, con muchas flores, pedtinculo 0.2-2.8 cm, bracteolas ovadas, escariosas, + 1 mm; ldbulos del cdliz ovados, 0.8-1.0 mm, iguales, redondeados 0 agudos en el Apice, imbricados en la base, eglandulares; corola hipocrateriforme, blanca o crema, tubo 7-10 mm, piloso en el interior bajo la posicién de los estambres, 1.5 mm didmetro, |6bulos obovados, 5-6 mm x 2-3 mm, glabros; estambres insertos + en la mitad del tubo, filamentos glabros, + 0.5 mm, anteras ca. 1.5 mm, acuminadas, apenas sagitadas en la base, gineceo glabro, ca. 1 mm, estigma capitado-fusiforme. Foliculos lefiosos, delgados, 8.5-12.5 cm x 0.6-0.8 cm, teretes, rugosos. Semillas desconocidas. Distribuicién. Sur de México (Mamda 18134 (MEXU,MO]), Guatemala (Skutch 871 [MO,US]). Creciendo entre los 1400-1800 metros. Raramente colectada, es conocida por menos de cinco colecciones; se desarrolla en bosques himedos. El tamafio de la inflorescencia y los |dbulos de la corola la separan facilmente de la otra especie. 194 PHY TOLOGIA March 1995 78(3): 192-194 Alstonia pittieri (J.D. Smith) A. Gentry, Ann. Missoun Bot. Gard. 70:206. 1983. BASIONYM: Tonduzia pittierii J.D. Smith., Bot. Gaz (Crawfordsville). 49:4567. 1910. TIPO: GUATEMALA. Deam 6098 (HOLOTIPO: US!). Rawvolfia stenophylla J.D. Smith, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 44:115. 1907. TIPO: SAN SALVADOR. Rensonn 289 (HOLOTIPO: US! - 2 partes). Tonduzia stenophylla (J.D. Smith) Pittier, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12:104. 1908. Tonduzia parvifolia Pittier, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12:103. 1908. TIPO: SAN SALVADOR. Doyle 33 (HOLOTIPO: US!; Isotipo: MO!). Tonduzia longipedunculata Woodson, in Standl. & Steyerm., Field Mus. Bot. 23:78. 1944. TIPO: GUATEMALA. Steyermark 47313 (HOLCTIPO: MO!; Isotipo: F!, foto INB! ex MO). Arboles a arbustos, 3-18 m, ramitas algo tnangulares cuando jovenes, teretes luego. Hojas en verticilos de (2-)3(-4), 3-16 cm x 0.6-2.5 cm, oblongo-elipticas, largamente acuminadas, cuneadas o atenuadas en la base, eglandulares, venacion conspicua y prominente, peciolo caniculado, 0.5-2.5 cm, glandular en las axilas. Inflorescencia cyma corymbosa, terminal o subterminal, aglomerada, con muchas flores, mds corta o igual que las hojas adyacentes, pedunculo 0.5-3.0(-15.0) cm, pedicelos 2-7 mm, bracteolas ovadas, menos 0.5 mm, escanosas; |6bulos del caliz ovados, agudos, ca. 1 mm, algo imbricados en la base, + iguales; corola hipocrateriforme, blanca, tubo 4-6 mm, pubescente o glabrada en el intenor, |Sbulos obovados u oblongo-obovados, 3-5 mm x 1-2 mm, glabros o glabrados; estambres insertos + en la mitad del tubo, filamentos glabros, ca. 0.5 mm, anteras sagitadas en la base, ca. 1.5 mm, agudas, gineceo glabro, estigma fusiforme, nectanos inconspicuos. Foliculos delgados y lefiosos, 7.5-18.0 cm x 5-6 mm, rectos o algo curvos, rugosos; semillas ovoides, ciliadas en los margenes, + | cm. Distribuicién. México (Breedlove et al. 30598 [DUKE,F,NY]), Guatemala (Standley 87127 [F, MO]), El Salvador (Berendsohn 389 (MO]), Honduras (Ed+vards 448 [MO]), Nicaragua (Grijalva et al. 138] (MO]), Costa Rica (Morales J.F. 2776 {INB,MO,NY ]), Panama (Kirkbride et al. 103] [MOQO)). Creciendo entre los 700-2000 metros, pero es mds comun entre los 90G-1500 metros, en bosques himedos, aunque se localiza también en sitios algo secos. La mayoria del matenal perteneciente a esta especie se encuentra identificado en los herbarios como Alstonia longifolia, de la que se puede diferenciar facilmente por los cardcteres dados en la clave. En algunos sitios llega a formar poblaciones muy abundantes, sobretodo en asociaciones ripanas. ’ Tonduzia longipedunculata difiere del tipo de T. pittieri inicamente en los largos pedunculos de las inflorescencia y sus hojas en verucilos de 4; sin embargo, condiciones similares pueden ser encontradas en otras muestras (Stevens et al. 20318 (MO]) y corresponden probablemente a crecimientos anormales; dicho canicter es solo una tendencia morfolégica y no puede ser tomado para justificar la validez de T. longipedunculata como una especie aceptada de Alstonia. AGRADECIMIENTOS Agradezco a Barry Hammel, Nelson Zamora, y Quinico Jiménez por la revision del manuscnito. Phytologia (March 1995) 78(3):195-196. A NEW SPECIES OF FORSTERONIA (APOCYNACEAE) FROM COSTA RICA J. Francisco Morales Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio), Apto. 22 - 3100, Sto. Domingo de ad Heredia, COSTA RICA ABSTRACT A new species of Forsteronia from Costa Rica, is described and the relationships are discussed. KEY WORDS: Costa Rica, A pocynaceae, Forsteronia During preparation of the treatment of Apocynaceae for the “Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica”, I detected an undescnbed species of Forsteronia with straight secondary nerves, a very unusual character within the genus. Forsteronia monteverdensis J.F. Morales, spec. nov. TYPE: COSTA RICA. Alajuela: Cant6én de San Ramén, Reserva Bioldgica Monteverde, Cordillera de Tilarin, bosque pnmano en la fila Cerros Centinela, 1600 m, 10°17’55” N, 84°47'23” W, 6 June 1994, (fl,fr), J.F. Morales & G. Carnevali 3349 (HOLOTYPE: INB). Frutex scandens, ramulis teretibus, glabrus. Foliae elliptica vel oblanceolata, 5.5-12.5 cm longa, 1.5-3.5 cm lata, glabra, apice acuminata, basi cuneata, venis secondanis rectis, petioli glabrus. Lobis calycis acuminatis, 1.5-2.0 mm longus, puberulis; corolla alba, tubo extus glabra, lobis puberulis, 3-4 mm longus. Folliculis glabrus, 18-28 cm longus. Liana, branchlets terete, glabrous, smooth or sparsely lenticellate. Leaves opposite, 5.5-12.5 cm long, 1.5-3.5 cm wide, elliptic, oblong-elliptic or oblong- lanceolate, glabrous with domatia in the midvein axils below, acuminate to caudale- acuminate at apex, acute to cuneate at base, membranaceous, eglandular, midvein impressed above, prominent and conspicuous below, secondary veins impressed on both sides, brochidodromous, tertiary venation scarcely impressed; peuoles canaliculate, glabrous, 5-11 mm long, glandular in the axils. Inflorescence corymbose to subcorymbose, terminal, shorter than the subtending leaves, puberulent, 14-35- flowered, peduncle 4-6(-9) mm long, pedicels 4-6 mm long, bracts ovate, 1-2 mm long, scarious; calyx lobes ovate, ca. 2 mm long, margins sparsely ciliate, squamellae 1-4 per lobe, scarious, corolla cream to white-cream, tube 2.0-2.5 mm long, glabrous 195 196 PHY LGEGGrA March 1995 78(3): 195-196 outside, pubescent within near the throat; corolla lobes oblong-obovate, 3-4 mm long, puberulent; stamens exserted, 3.0-3.5 mm long, anthers glabrous, ca. 3 mm long, sagittate; nectary 5-lobed, ca. 0.5 mm long, ovary puberulent to glabrate, style ca. 3 mm long. Follicles thin, 14-28 cm long, glabrous, smooth and terete; seeds oblong- elliptic to elliptic, puberulent to glabrate, 1.0-1.5 cm long, coma 2.6-3.0 cm long, tan to cream. Distribution. Only known from wet premontane and montane tropical forest in the Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve and Volcdn Tenono region, near Tilaran, Province Guanacaste, at elevations of 650-1600 m. Forsteronia monteverdensis is closely related to F. floribunda (Sw.) A.DC. from Jamaica, which also has straight secondary nerves. However, the puberulent corolla lobes and larger leaves easily distinguish F. monteverdensis. Forsteronia peninsularis differs from this new species in its arcuate secondary venation. Additional specimens examined: COSTA RICA. Guanacaste: Zona Protectora Tenorio, Tierras Morenas, 685 m, 10 Aug. 1993 (fr), Rodriguez G. et al. 20] (CR,INB,MO). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author thanks Nelson Zamora and Michael Grayum for review of the manuscript. Phytologia (March 1995) 78(3):197-198. AN EVALUATION OF THE MANDEVILLA BOLIVIENSIS COMPLEX J. Francisco Morales Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio), Apto. 22 - 3100, Sto. Domingo de Heredia COSTA RICA ABSTRACT The relationships of Mandevilla boliviensis (Hook. f.) Woodson with M. cereola Woodson and M. pittieri Woodson are discussed. KEY WORDS: Neotropics, Apocynaceae, Apocynoideae, Mandevilla In 1933, in the monograph of the genus.Mandevilla, Woodson reduced the genus Dipladenia, created by Alphonse De Candolle in 1844, to a synonym of the former and transferred Dipladenia boliviensis Hook. f. to Mandevilla. At the same time, Woodson descnbed Mandevilla cereola Woodson, which he separated from M. boliviensis (Hook. f.) Woodson on the basis of its membranaceous foliage and the form of the corolla throat. Woodson later (1936), described Mandevilla pittieri Woodson as closely related to the two preceding species, best separated on the basis of the foliar glands in the base of the midnb and the narrower corolla throat. However, the foliar glands supposedly restricted to Mandevilla pittieri are present in the types of the other two species. Furthermore, additional collections show that variation in corolla shape and length cannot be used to separate this species. It thus becomes necessary to place Mandevilla cereola and M. pittieri into synonymy of M. boliviensis. Mandevilla boliviensis (Hook. f.) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 20:716. 1933. BASIONYM: Dipladenia boliviensis Hook f., Bot. Mag. 111 25: pl. 5783. 1869. TYPE. BOLIVIA. without data, Pearce 708 (HOLOTYPE: K - not seen, photo MO! ex K). Mandevilla cereola Woodson, Ann. Missoun Bot. Gard. 20:712. 1933, syn. nov. TYPE: BOLIVIA. Mapin Region: San Carlos, Jan. 29, 1929, Buchtien 1737 (HOLOTYPE: US!). Mandevilla pittieri Woodson, Ann. Missoun Bot. Gard. 23:379. 1936, syn. nov. TYPE: COSTA RICA. Forests de Tuis, Nov. 1897, Pittier 11551 (HOLOTYPE: B - probably destroyed; Isotypes: US! - 2 sheets, photo [NB! ex US). Liana or vine, sometimes epiphytic, stems terete, glabrous. Leaves oblong- elliptic, (3.5-)5.0-10.0 cm long x 1.4-4.0 cm wide, membranaceous to chartaceous, acute to somewhat acuminate in the apex, obtuse to cuneate at the base, with 2-4 glands above, in the base of the midnb, glabrous, peuoles 0.8-2.0 cm long, glabrous. 197 198 PHY TOLOGIA March 1995 78(3): 197-198 Inflorescence cymose, reduced, axilar, mostly subterminal, 2-S-flowered, peduncle 1- 2 cm long, pedicels 1.0-2.7 cm long, bracts scarious, ca. 1 mm long; calyx lobes ovate, 6-8 mm long, long-acuminate, imbricate at the base, bearing within 4-6 glands in the base; corolla infundibuliform, white, the throat yellow within, tube 1.2-1.8 cm long, glabrous, throat conic, 1.7-2.3 cm long, 1.0-1.3 cm in diam., lobes obovate, 2.3-3.0 cm long x 1.7-2.0 cm wide, stamens inserted, anthers 8-10 mm long, auricles thick; ovary 2-3 mm long; nectaries 2, inconspicuous, entire. Follicles unknown. Known in Costa Rica, Ecuador, and Bolivia, where it can be found in forest and open areas, from 200-800 meters elevation. Rarely collected, only a few collections are found in herbaria. Additional specimens examined: COSTA RICA. Alajuela: between Cafias and Upala, Jun. 26, 1976, Croat 3651] (MO). Limén: W of Tortuguero, Aug. 21, 1979, Davidson et al 8601 (F,MO); Talamanca, Cafabral, Sept. 6, 1988, Grayum et al 8835 (MO). ECUADOR. Chimborazo: Huigra vicinity, Sept. 8, 1918, Rose & Rose 22592 (US). Tungurahua: Rio Pastaza, 1924, Tate 669 (NY ,US). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The assistance of Michael Grayum, Barry Hammel, and Nelson Zamora is gratefully acknowledged. Phytologia (March 1995) 78(3): 199-203. TWO NEW SPECIES OF DRYMARIA (CARYOPHYLLACEAE) FROM GYPSEOUS SOILS IN NORTHERN NUEVO LEON, MEXICO Billie L. Turner Department of Botany, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78713 U.S.A. ABSTRACT Two new species of Drymaria, D. pattersonii B.L. Turner and D. pratheri B.L. Tumer, are described from northern Nuevo Leén, Mexico. The former belongs to the series Arenarioides of Drymaria where it relates to D. axillaris; the latter belongs to the series Lyropetala where it relates to D. lyropetala. The herbaceous elements most closely related to the latter taxon are reviewed, resulting in the elevation of D. l. var. coahuilana to specific rank as D. coahuilana (1.M. Johnst.) B.L. Turner. Three species of the D. lyropetala complex are reviewed and keyed, and detailed maps showing the distribution of each are provided. KEY WORDS: Caryophyllaceae, Drymaria, Mexico Duke (1961) provided an excellent revisionary study of the genus Drymaria in which 48 species were recognized; these were distributed among seventeen series. The two novelties described below belong to the series Avenarioides and Lyropetala. Since the latter series is a poorly known difficult group, I have attempted to reevaluate those taxa centering about D. lyropetala |.M. Johnst., to which D. pratheri B.L. Turner seems closely related. Johnston (1950), having relatively few collections at his disposal at the ume of his treatment, recognized D. lyropetala as a vanable complex with two vaneties (he had no matenal of what is here named D. pratheri), var. lyropetala, a northern race, and var. coahuilana 1.M. Johnst., a southern race. After examination of a much larger suite of specimens, and with some field work of my own, | conclude that the D. lyropetala grouping is best treated as composed of three morphogeographical taxa: D. lyropetala, D. coahuilana (I.M. Johnst.) B.L. Turner and D. pratheri. A key to these three taxa follows: 1. Midstem leaves mostly 3-6 mm long; seeds sparsely to moderately hispidulous, the hairs ca. 0.1 mm long or less; southern Nuevo Leon and northern San Luis ERGROSL res eroeotaccccci cae fox access mtencamedaae reetts Haraerenceumpn seep D. lyropetala 1. Midstem leaves mostly 8-15 mm long; seeds moderately to densely “wirey”, the hairs mostly 0.15-0.40 mm long; northern Nuevo Leon westwards to eastem hi Walia oes re eee eee ici cae ci daasattas sSeaoasd tte -esesrctons-teran staves bs. H. aquatica 1. Involucral bracts free throughout; achenes 2-4 mm long, estipitate or nearly so. ..(2) 2. Body of achene glabrous throughout, except for a basal tuft of hairs; peduncles 5-15 mm long; Jalisco and Guanajuato (Figure Ic). ................. H. stevensii 2. Body of achene pubescent throughout (Figure 1b); peduncles 1-3 mm long; ROTTEN LULAS cece cos aids daee aay acter atom ise ich cancer meme eae P tae aa H. estradii The treatment of Hydropectis stevensii as the monotypic genus Hydrodyssodia (Tumer 1988) was ill-considered. My previous judgment heavily weighted the morphology of the involucral bracts, which in H. stevensii are free from base to tip, as in Dyssodia, but which in H. aquatica are nearly completely united, as in Tagetes. Based on this, I hypothesized that H. aquatica (S. Wats.) Rydb. and H. stevensii are not most closely related to each other, but preliminary DNA data from the current studies of Dennis Loockerman (unpubl.) strongly suggests that they should be considered congenenic and more closely related to Tagetes than Dyssodia. The new species is thus added here to Hydropeciis. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am grateful to Guy Nesom for the Latin diagnosis, and to him and Alan Prather for reviewing the manuscript. I am also grateful to Dennis Loockerman, doctoral student working on generic relationships in the Tageteae under the aegis of Dr. R. Jansen at the University of Texas, for sharing some of his preliminary DNA data bearing on the relationships of the genera concerned. LITERATURE CITED McVaugh, R. 1984. Hydropectis, in Flora Novo-Galiciana 12:521-523. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Tumer, B.L. 1988. Hydropectis stevensii (Tageteae) positioned in a new monotypic genus Hydrodyssodia. Phytologia 65:134-135. Phytologia (March 1995) 78(3):214-216 LECTOTYPES OF BERBERIS CHOCHOCO AND ITS SYNONYMS Joseph E. Lafernére Research Department, Biosphere 2, P.O. Box 689, Oracle, Arizona 85623 U.S.A. Internet: joseph @bio2.com ABSTRACT Lectotypes are designated for Berberis chochoco and its synonyms Chrysodendron tinctorium var. oblongifolium, C. tinctorium var. latifolium, and C. tinctorium var. longifolium. The species is a member of the Berbendaceae native to central and northeastern México. KEY WORDS: Berberis, Mahonia, Chrysodendron, México, lectotype Berberis chochoco Schltdl. is a member of the Berbendaceae common in central and northeastern México. Lectotypes of B. chochoco and three of its four published synonyms have either never been designated or have been designated incorrectly. Correct designations are given below. Schlechtendal (1854) mentioned that the matenal on which he based his descnption of Berberis chochoco was collected by Ehrenberg. He mentioned that Ehrenberg had recorded the local common name as “Schoschoko,” which Schlechtendal used as the basis of his specific epithet. He did not, however, mention any particular specimen. There is therefore no holotype. Fedde (1901) mentioned Ehrenberg 1250 and anoilier specimen, but did not designate either as type. The specimen of Ehrenberg 1250 at HAL bears an annotation label on which Fedde renumbered the specimen with his own number, 1034. The duplicate at US also bears Fedde’s number 1034. Fedde (1901) used both numbers in referring to the same specimen, thus creating some confusion. Ahrendt (1961) and Marroquin (1972) both gave Ehrenberg 1034/1250 as type. Both, however, erroneously listed BM as the place of deposit. A search of type and general collections at BM yielded no such specimen. The specimen at HAL is designated lectotype below because Schlechtendal was located there. It does bear a note from Ehrenberg mentioning the common name “Schoschoko.” Four synonyms of Berberis chochoco were published prior to 1854, all in the same place. Chrysodendron tinctorium Terin & Berland. and three vanetal narnes based on this specific name were published in a 16-page pamphlet in Matamoros, Tamaulipas, México (Terdin & Berlandier 1832). The name remained unknown and unused untl Johnston (1924) discovered a copy of the pamphlet in the Gray Herbanum Library at Harvard University. Johnston idenufied Berlandier’s vouchers as Mahonia chochoco (Schlitdl.) Fedde, a species common in central and northeastern México. Johnston's recombination, Mahonia tinctoria (Terin & Berland.) I.M. Johnst., has not been used by any subsequent author. A formal proposal to permanently reject the name is in press in Taxon (Lafernére 1995). 214 25 PHY T OLOGTIA March 1995 78(3):214-216 Berlandier provided Chrysodendron tinctorium with full descnptions in Spanish and Latin. This was followed by very bnef descriptions of three varieties, containing information only on leaf shape. Johnston declared these to be tnvial leaf variations and made no attempt to formally recombine the epithets. One of the three, var. oblongifolium Teran & Berland., appears to include the type specimen of the specific name, but is nevertheless validly published and legitimate. The other two are represented by two specimens on the same sheet bearing the vanetal names on Berlandier's orginal labels. These are designated lectotypes below. Berberis chochoco Schlitdl., Bot. Zeit. 12:652. 1854. --- Mahonia chochoco (Schltdl.) Fedde, Bot. Jahrb. 31:103. 1901. TYPE: MEXICO. in barranca near Minoschtla, “Schoschoko,” Jan 1840, Ehrenberg 1250 (LECTOTYPE [here designated]: HAL!; Isolectotypes: B!,US! [pro “1034,” US #617126]; WRSL' [fide Fedde 1901; now destroyed fide W. Stojanowska, pers. comm.}). (=) Chrysodendron tinctorium Teran & Berland., Mem. Comis. limites: 7. 1832, pro “tinctoria,” nom. rej. prop. --- Mahonia tinctoria (Teran & Berland.) 1.M. Johnst., Contr. Gray Herb. 70:89. 1924, non Berberis tinctoria Lesch., Mem. Mus. Paris 9:306. 1822. TYPE: MEXICO. Tamaulipas: “in montibus prope San Carlos” {c. 100 km N of Ciudad Victona], Nov 1831, Berlandier 927 (LECTOTYPE [vide Marroquin in Cuad. Inst. Invest. Cient. Univ. Auton. Nuevo Leon 15:12. 1972.]: (GH!; Isolectotype: US [fide Marroquin 1972)). (=) Chrysodendron tinctoriun Teran & Berland. var. oblongifolium Teran & Berland., Mem. Comis. limites: 7. 1832, pro “oblongifolia.” TYPE: MEXICO. Tamaulipas: “in montibus prope San Carlos” [c. 100 km N of Ciudad Victoria], Nov 1831, Berlandier 927 (LECTOTYPE [here designated]: GH!; Isolectotype: US [fide Marroquin 1972)). (=) Chrysodendron tinctorium Teran & Berland. var. Jatifolium Terin & Berland., Mem. Comis. limites: 7. 1832, pro “latifolia.” TYPE: MEXICO. Tamaulipas: in montibus prope San Carlos, Berlandier 2357 pro parte (LECTOTYPE [here designated]: upper nght corner of sheet at GH!). (=) Chrysodendron tinctorium Teran & Berland. var. longifolium Teran & Berland., Mem. Comis. limites: 7. 1832, pro “longifolia.” TYPE: MEXICO. Tamaulipas: in montibus prope San Carlos, Berlandier 2357 pro parte (LECTOTYPE [here designated]: lower left corner of sheet at GH!; Isolectotype: specimen on nght side of sheet at US! [US #2779)]). LITERATURE CITED Ahrendt, L.W.A. 1961. Berberis and Mahonia: a taxonomic revision. J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 57: 1-410. Berlandier, J.L. 1980. Journey to Mexico During the Years 1826 to 1834. University of Texas Press, Austin, Texas. Johnston, 1.M. 1924. A neglected paper by Jean Louis Berlandier. Contr. Gray Herb. 70:87-90. Lafernére, J.E. 1995. Proposal to reject Chrysodendron tinctorium Teran & Berland. (Berbendaceae). Taxon, in press. Lafernére: Lectotypes for Berberis chochoco and synonyms 216 Marroquin, J.S. 1972. Berberiddceas de México I. Cuad. Inst. Invest. Cien. Univ. Auton. Nuevo Le6n 15:1-21. Schlechtendal, D.F. 1854. Uber eine neue Mahonia nebst Bemerkungen tiber einige altere. Bot. Zeit. 12:651-656. Terin, M., & J.L. Berlandier. 1832. Memorias de la Comisidén de Limites. Matamoros. Reprinted in Berlandier (1980). ; ‘oe tee 2269 | | ij ij Botani N WD | N oO —— © | Ww ioe) 7 | Ww oO Information for Authors Articles from botanical systematics and ecology, including — biographical sketches, critical reviews, and summaries of literature — will be considered for publication in PHYTOLOGIA. Manuscripts may be submitted either on computer diskette, or as clean typescript. Diskettes will be returned to authors after action has been taken on the manuscript. Diskettes may be 5.25” or 3.5” and may be written in ~ any IBM or Macintosh compatible format. Typescript manuscripts ~ should be single spaced and will be read into the computer using a scanner. 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