\ \ > r\ : PSE BSE LEPTIN BOHR ELH ot ¢ RB 13568. \4 WWW, v/\Y, ae Milustrated. PUBLISHED BY BOSTON. \Ak Cc. E. TWOMBLY, Pigeon « « . Standard : . ILLUSTRATED PRICE, 50 CENTS qe eer 333 2y « » ? Cc. E. Twombly, 4 ve Publisber, w a Boston ay m w © Mass «’ fe aaqwcceS a. I~ 5 CorpyRIGHTED. 1900, c. E, TWOMBLY. BOSTON, vD. Ss. A. Introduction, BACH EALIZING the urgent need in the American Pigeon Fancy of a book containing a stand- ard for ull varieties, I shall endeavor herein to give all the very latest and best standards in use at the present time. A large majority of these standards have been carefully studied and adopted by committees from the leading specialty clubs of Eng- land and America. C. E. Twomsty. a eeu, ait Caley aie CROPPER. PIGMY POUTER. POUTER. (The Feathered World.) THE PIGEON STANDARD. 5 THE POUTER. Length of Feather.—i. ¢. the extreme distance when out- stretched—From the point of the beak to the end of the tail, eighteen to nineteen inches being considered the proper length—the maximum figure to be pre- ferred when the leg development is such as to admit of easy, lofty carriage. Head.—Small and narrow in proportion to the size of the bird, forming an elongated arch from the base of the beak, measuring about 1$ inches from centre of eye to point of beak. Crop.—should be globular in form, proportionally large and equally distended at all parts; to rise well up against the point of the beak, projecting prominently in front, and showing but a slight fullness back of the neck. Girth.—Slender, the greater the length from the lower part of the crop to the insertion of the thighs the better. Back.—Narrow and long-appearing, slightly concave with a rrooved line from base of neck towards rump, shoul- ers tucked close to body. Breast.— Narrow and convex, showing very little keel. Flights.—Should be of sufficient length as to reach nearly to the end of the tail, barely meeting at points directly over and close to the tail, to fold close and narrow. Tail.—Should be sufficiently long, and narrow enough to harmonize in the general taper of the bird, round ended and free from tendency to fork at extremity. Limbs.—Generally Jengthy, both in thigh and shank, meas- ured from thigh-joint to tip of toe nail, constituting about three-eighths of the length ofthe bird. In referring to length, it is not necessarily meant the mere measurement by rule, but as well aform and position that both looks long to the eye and at the same time enables the bird when on a level floor to stand talland upright without being tilted forward by its tail. ‘The thighs should be close together, and start from a position well back on the body, allowing room in front forthe much desired long waist, the heck but slightly shown—almost straight, the entire limb well “stripped,’’ showing to the fullest extent what length and form of limb the bird may have. The feet should incline slightly outward, and the knees in, toes spread, not doubled under or cramped. Leg and Foot Feathering.—The legs should be covered with short, soft feathers, fitting close and forming a com- plete mask for the entire limb, with only enough covering at the hock to hide the knuckles from view, 6 THE PIGEON STANDARD. called ‘‘Stocking-legged.’’ The feet should have longer feathers, so thickly set as to leave no bare places on the toes exposed. The feathers should spread from the foot rather suddenly, forming what is denominated the ‘‘Slipper.”’ Beak.—Fine, mandibles straight, the upper showing slight curve at tip and slightly over reaching the lower. Beak Wattle.—Small and fine in texture. Eye Cere.—Fine and thread-like. Carriage.— Upright. Movements.— Majestic and proud, with head and crop aloft, gait opposed to straddling—graceful. Colors.—PixrpDs; black, blue, redand yellow. PLAIN CoLoR; white. Orr CoLors; mealies, sandies, chequers, sil- vers and splashes. Markings.—Pieds; the head is colored, also the whole neck and back, including the wing coverts and crop, ex- cept a crescent-shaped band of white passing around the front of the crop, the points or horns reaching within a short distance of the eye. The bib or colored patch coming down from the throat and forming the upper edge of the ‘‘Crescent’’ should be large and well defined. There should also be a few white feathers on the shoulders, which are desired, as nearly as may be, to fall separately one from the other in a small circular patch called the ‘‘Rose Pinion.’’ These white feathers should be free from the edge of the wing butt. In blacks and blues the color extends to the end ofthe tail. Blues should have black bars across the wings andtail. In all colored varieties, the flights, thighs, legs and feet, also the entire under part of the body from the keel, or line across the breast, should be pure white. Whites—Plumage pure white throughout. The four representative colors, excepting blue, should be deep and rich in hue. The blue should be light, bright and even color. Color of Eyes.—In the pied varieties, a bright red or orange; in whites dark or bull. . Disqualifications.—Trimming, plucking, coloring or any artificial alteration, out of condition from disease, any decided deformity, for whites; stained beak ; col- ored feathers; or if eyes are not bull. THE PIGEON STANDARD. 7 THE PIGMY POUTER. The above standard applies in every respect to the Pigmy Pouter with the exception of size, which should be as small as possible, some of the best specimens standing scarcely 9g inches from the ground. The Pigmy is, in fact, a miniature Pouter from tip to toe, the flight and tail feathers should be rather short than the reverse. THE BRUNER POUTER. The Bruner Pouter is very similar to the Pigmy, but should be clean limbed, i. e. free from feathers below the knee joint. The Bruner is seldom seen as slim in girth as the Pigmy, and are mostly shown in self colors, white being the most pop- ular. THE NORWICH CROPPER. Croppers resemble Pouters in many points, while in some they differ completely. In color, markings, action and crop inflation there is little difference, the limbs are shorter and free from feathering; the body is short, and shoulders com- paritively broad, In other words the Cropper is a ‘‘slumpy”’ Pouter with clean limbs. JACOBIN. THE PIGEON STANDARD. 9 JACOBIN STANDARD. Beak—Short and thick, well curved downwards forming a continuation of curve of skull, and flesh color. Head—Small, flat between the eyes, with full appearance in front. Eyes—Centre black, surrounded by pear! or light gray. Hood—Long, fitting well down on the head, even at edge, crossing the head in a line with the front of the eyes. Chain—Fitting close and even from back to breast, standing well out, giving a curved line from hood to breast, Mane—Full, being well filled out at back, even at edge, and fitting in evenly with the hood, Rose—Shape, oval, in a line slanting across bottom of neck, Size and Shape of Body— Breast full, long and slender; the back narrow, flat and straight. Wings—Rather low at buts, flights resting on tail. Carriage—Sprightly, the head carried about eight inches from the ground, Legs and Feet—Short and free from feathers below the hock, color red, feet small and fine, with claws same color as beak, Rump—Smooth, flat and narrow. Tail—Narrow and straight in line with the back, Color—Reds, blacks and yellows, sound, lustrous and even, from lower mandible to vent, with rump, tail, ten flights and head, white. Whites pure throughout, IDEAL MAGPIE. (Feathered World.) THE PIGEON STANDARD. 11 THE MAGPIE. Size—Small, from actual measurements, good average spec- imens in good condition, weight for cocks from 9} to 104 ounces, hens from 8} to 9} ounces; and when standing in a natural position measure from sole of foot to top of head from 8 to 9} inches in height, the length from tip of beak to end of tail, without stretching, from 12} to 14 inches, Shape—Apparently long, slender and snake-like, chest full and round, but not broad, the body round, thin and gracefully tapering from front to vent, with no ap- proach to Owl or Tumbler form, shoulders well defined, but not carried prominently asin the Dra- goon, legs set well back to show breast, Carriage—lIs a very important characteristic of the Magpie, but if the shape be good and true, the proper carriage is almost sure to follow; it should be smart, spright- ly. The body well poised on the graceful and slender limbs, the neck and body forming a continuous easy curve, but the neck must notincline backwards, head and beak carried horizontally, flights and tail neatly folded. Head—Must be long and thin, round on top of skull, showing a soft easy curve in every direction—the term snake- headed is often used, but does not apply as many snakes are flat-headed, which is quite a reverse of what is wanted in the Magpie—as nearly even in substance throughout as possible, not wedge-headed, no stop at junction of head and beak, but rising with a gradual curve from front to back, fine and neat at back of skull, lean face, with no approach to Owl or short-faced Tumbler form. Junction of head with neck to be neat.and almost imperceptible without throatiners, eo 12 THE PIGEON STANDARD. “a Beak—Should be long, thin and nearly equal in substance throughout, with slight hook at end of mandible, but no dip in lower mandible, free from coarseness, furnished with slight wattle of fine texture, pale in color approaching to white, free from stain or mark- ing except in blacks, blues and duns, in which colors avery slight Vandyke mark on tip of upper man- dible is admissable. Neck—Long, thin, quite free from gullet or fullness of the throat, thinnest at the point of junction with the head, swelling gently towards the shoulders, which it should join with a graceful and gentle curve. Eye and Eye Cere—Eye white or pearl color, pupil intensely black and clearly defined, what is commonly known as a ‘‘fish eye,’’ the eye cere is seen in various tints, from nearly white to a coral red. In blacks the deeper the red the better, and a shade of pink in other colors, but do not put much stress on this point. The cere should be small and fine in texture, no approach toa Barb eye is admissible, but just enough to show a delicate and even border to the eye, and no more. The general effect of the eye, although prominent, is mild in expression. Legs and Feet—Legs rather long than otherwise, straight not knock-kneed or cow-hocked. Shanks thin, lean and free from feathering, covered with fine scales. Toes long, thin, and well separated, also free from feathering. Toenails white, both legs and feet bright red in color. Tail and Flights—Tail rather long, the feathers narrow and closely folded, containing not more than twelve feathers. Not swallow-tailed or divided in centre, the tail should be carried ina line with the back, just clear of the ground, but not cocked up at all. Flights rather narrow, closely folded, carried close to the side, tips resting on top of tail, about half an inch from side, not crossed. THE PIGEON STANDARD. 13 Color—The whole of the body except head, neck and breast, back, saddle and tail pure white, the color on the colored portions to be bright, deep and lustrous as possible; in blacks the irridescent colors and metal- lic sheen are most important; wherever the color extends it must be of one rich, even depth, extending even to the shafts of the tail feathers. Many other- wise good birds often run chequery or ashy about the top of rump and root of tail, which is very objec- tionable. Blues and silvers should have black tail bars. Markings—Cut on breast. Sharp and evenly defined, without artificial assistance, the color extending downwards to about the tip of the breast bone, or a very little below, running across the breast, either in a straight line or slightly curving upwards towards shoulders, showing aslightly convex form. It is advisable to raise the wings, and if many foul feathers are dis- covered between breast and vent markings, the breast should be carefully examined for foul feathers or trimming. Cut on shoulders—Color extendiag across the broadest part of the back at the shoulders, from side to side at intersection of the wing with body, taper- ing evenly and smoothly towards the tail, and form- ing an elongated heart or V shaped saddle, showing no ragged edges on shoulders. Cut at vent—Even and extending only a very short distance from beneath root of tail, no foul or colored feathers extending towards thighs or belly. Plumage—Close and compact, but not hard feathered. Disqualifications—Trimming or plucking of foul feathers, dyeing or oiling, dark or gravel eyes, heavy mark- ings on back, feathered legs or feet, Tumbler form of head or body, chequered or ashy back or rump, want of condition, 4 Wy y \ \\ : ‘ ‘1 iN WY SHORTFACE TUMBLERS. (Feathered World.) . THE PIGEON STANDARD, 15 Al teeteniaaee peaneiaehati ll aatmeiesdareans eens aaa THE SHORT-FACE TUMBLER. Carriage and Shape.—Erect and sprightly, jaunty when in motion, 1. Neck broad at base and very slender at the throat, short in length, arched in shape, with head well thrown back when viewed sideways, the head and feet to appear in the perpendicular line. 2, Chest broad and very prominent, but not flat. 3. Wing Coverts rather spreading. 4. Back slightly and rump more decidedly raised, 5. Attitude ob- servant and standing almost on the tip of the toes, with the sole of the feet slightly raised from the ground. 6. Legs short and elegant, devoid of all feathering below the knee-joints. Head. 1. Large and round, but withal when measured, short from the front to the back of the skull. 2. Frontal broad, prominent and lofty, slightly bulging forward 3. Crown well raised above the eyes, and convex. 4. Back of skull falling in rather shortened slope but withal decidedly convex and _ porportionate, 5. Jaw and cheeks wide and abundantly feathered; the muffs full and blending upwards. Beak. 1. Short, straight, and as fine as possible in both mandibles; the one closely fitting to the other and pointed at the tip. 2. Color, in Almonds, Kites and whole colors, of dark shade horn colored; streaked with deep brown in Agates; yellows and whites pale flesh color. Wattle and Cere. Small and very fine in texture, the cere being moderately fine. Size. Small, compact and plump. Flights and Tail. Long and wide in web, rather spreading, the flights carried below the tail, but showing no opening between the one and the other. 16 THE PIGEON STANDARD. Eyes. Silvery and bright in iris, with jet black clearly de- fined pupil, large, prominent and very round in shape situated rather to the back of the skull and appear- ing, owing to the lofty frontal, centred low in the head. Standard Colors. Almonds. 1. Ground color, rich, sound and even; in tint that of the inside of the shell of the almond nut, 2. Markings. Head, neck, chest, back of rump, and wing coverts evenly spangled with rich black splash- es. Flights and tail showing in uneven patches three distinct colors, viz., almond, black and white. Kites. Black or dun ground, the former showing a golden brown shading all over the body, especially under the flight and tail ‘“‘web feathering ;”’ the latter a yellowish golden shade on some parts. Agates. Redor yellow ground color, sound and lustrous, broken by white feathers on the hackle, shoulders and back, the major feathers being dark. Mottles. Lustrous, metallic, green black ground from head to tail, the mottling consisting of from ten to twenty feathers evenly distributed in the form of a rose at the pinions of the sboulders, and an equal number of white feathers evenly distributed in V shape on the scapular plumage covering the upper part of the back. Self Colors. Sound lustrous red, deep rich yellow and ebony metallic lustred black; the beaks of the latter should be of the deepest coal black; reds and yellows pale flesh colored. BLACK BALDHEAD TUMBLER. lla dy pbs ts Feathered World. MUFFED MOTTLE, CLEAN LEG MOTTLE, CLEAN LEG WHITESIDE. 4 THE PIGEON STANDARD. 19 THE LONG-FACE CLEAN LEG TUMBLER. Beak—Close fitting, straight set, and of medium thickness. Wattle—Neat, fine in texture. Skull—Round, with wide frontage, showing no flatness or indentation. Eye—Pearl or white, centrally placed. Cere—Small as possible, fine in texture, (See also separate varieties.) Neck—Medium length, broad at base, tapering gradually to throat, slightly arched. Body—Short, stout and wedge-shaped, prominent and wide in chest. Flights & Tails—Flights closely set, broad, short and carried on tail. Tail closely folded and wedge shape. Legs—Stout, and well set, and of medium length. Carriage—Sprightly, upright, bold and jaunty. Feather—Clean, close, and tight fitting. Mottles—Color sound and even throughout. The pinion mottlings should be white, and nearly circular, even- ly distributed, butts free from white. The back marking should be V shaped, well and evenly mottled Beak as in Selfs. Rosewings—Same as Mottles excepting back marking. Beards—The Bearding or Chuck should be small, and not extending beyond the centre of the eyes, of semi- circular shape, and in line with centre of beak. Primary flights 10 x 10, tail and stockings white; the rest of the body to be of a sound even color through- out. 20 - THE PIGEON STANDARD. Beak—In blues, blacks and chequers, the upper mandible should be dark, and the lower flesh colored, while in other varieties both mandibles should be flesh colored. Bald Heads—The Head, primary flights 10 x 10, tail and body color downwards from the breast bone, white. The line of demarcation should extend from slightly under the lower mandible, following close to the eye and gradually and evenly rising to the back of the skull. Beak & Cere, flesh colored in all varieties. Whitesides—The whole of the body, including tail and primary flights 10 x 10, should be sound colored throughout, with solid colored backs, The shoulders, wing coverts, and secondary flights, pure white. Beak—Flesh colored, excepting blacks, which should be black. « Almonds & Sub-Varieties—Same as in the Short-Face. Self Colors.—BLACKS. Color, deep and sound, showing a green metallic lustre. Beak & Toe-nails—Black. REDS. Rich color, sound and even throughout, with alustrous golden bronzy hackle showing free from green. Beak—Flesh colored. WHITES should possess a satin silvery like appearance with Beak, Toe-nails, Eye & Cere, white. YELLOWS. - Color, rich golden, even throughout, hackle showing a pink lustre freefrom green, Beak Flesh colored. Barred Varieties—BLUES. Color, clear, bright and sound, with broad even black bars. Beak—Black. CHEQUERS. Color and markings, distinctly and evenly marked throughout, in two shades according to color. Beak—Black. SILVERS. Very light and silvery in color, with black bars. Beak—Horn color. THE PIGEON STANDARD. 21 THE MUFFED TUMBLER. Beak—Close fitting, straight set and of medium thickness, Wattle—Neat, fine in texture. Skull—Round, showing no flatness or indentations. Eye—Pearl, or sometimes called white; centrally placed. Cere—Small as possible, fine in texture, flesh colored. -Neck—Medium length, inclined to shortness, broad at shoul- ders, tapering gradually to throat; slightly arched, Body—Short, stout and wedge-shaped, prominent and wide in chest. Flights & Tails—Flights close set and broad. Tail closely folded. Legs—Stout, well set, and of medium length. Muff—Profuse, and the outer edge forming a half circle com- ing in to hock without break if possible. Carriage—Sprightly, upright, bold and jaunty. Feather—Clean, close, short and tight fitting. Mottles—Color sound and even throughout, the wing marks are white and circular, evenly distributed, butts free as possible from white, the back markings should be V shaped, well and evenly mottled. Rosewings—Same as Mottles excepting back marking. Beards—The beard should be small, crescent-shaped, and not extending beyond the centre of the eye, and in line with centre of beak. Primary flights and muffs white; the rest of the body to be of a sound, even color throughout. Beak should be flesh color in all varieties. CPIIOM poreyyeoq) “MaTIWOL ADadVvA “AHTANWOL AWIACGVS THE PIGEON STANDARD. 23 Whitesides—The whole of the body including tail and pri- mary flights should be sound color throughout. The shoulders, wing coverts and secondary flights pure white. Beak—Flesh color, except in blacks. Self Colors—Red, yellow, black and white, sound, rich and even color throughout, black showing a green metal- lic lustre. Beaks—Flesh color, except in blacks. Barred Varieties—Blues, silvers and chequers to possess broad, even black bars, and free from ticking or kite color. Beak—In blues and chequers very dark, and in silvers horn color. Saddles—Black, blue, red and yellow. The two former to be -dark tailed; the two latter to be dark or light tailed. Head markings—A snip or blaze up front of face, with a full white beard extending from back of eye to back of eye under beak, forming a bib; with the dark patches running pear shaped into it from the centre of lower mandible, the latter called whiskers. In addition, a dot over each eye about the size ofa hemp seed, with a white band extending around, with the exception of a heart shape on the back, which is dark, giving the bird the name, Badges—Same as Saddles except body color, which should be dark except foot feathering and ten lower flights which should be white. Head marks same as Saddle, TIPPLER, Light Print. —— te or THE PIGEON STANDAKD. THE TIPPLER. DARK MOTTLE. Head—Round skull (not too full in front) medium faced, pearl eyes with dark ceres and a dark beak. ye cate POF stout at shoulders, tapering well up to the head. Size and Shape— Medium in size, broad chest and shoulders, strong wing butts, body well tapering, wedge shape to tip of tail. Flights—Short and broad, well overlapping each other when expanded, sound in color throughout. Legs and Feet—Short legs, small feet, bright red in appear- ance, and free from feathers below the hocks. Carriage—Sprightly and erect; hard, short, close and perfect in feather, flights of tail feathers being out and not well through the pin, should put a bird back as if it were a foul feather; the whole possessing a rich metallic sheen; tail feathers should be twelve in number. Color and Markings—Bronze brown, leaning towards a rich chocolate brown, with white markings; solid colored head, neck and chest, well and evenly marked on back and wings; flights and tail must be sound in color. LIGHT MOTTLE. Head—Same as dark mottles. Neck—Same as dark mottles. Size and Shape—Same as dark mottles. Flights—Same as dark mottles. Legs and Feet—Same es dark mottles. Carriage—Same as dark mottles. Color and Markings—Light ground, with bronze and rich bronze markings, evenly mottled or printed through- out; flights and tail sound in color. LIGHT, Head—Same as dark mottles. Neck—Same as dark mottles. Size and Shape—Same as dark mottles. Flights—Same as dark mottles. Legs and Feet—Same as dark mottles, ‘Carriage—Same as dark mottles. Color and Markings—Simply acolored “cheek, primary flights and tail feathers,’’ rich brown or bronze to take the lead; remainder of bird, viz., head, neck, body, wings, including secondaries, i. e., short flight feathers, back and rump, white or clear as possible. FANTAILS. White, Black. Blue, Saddle, (Feathered World.) THE PIGEON STANDARD. 2T THE WHITE FANTAIL. Head.—Small fine and snakey, free from peak or shell. Beak.—Thin, flesh color and of medium length, the upper mandible slightly curved at the tip. Beak Wattle.—Small and fine in texture. Eye.—Dark Hazel or Bull, with very fine flesh-colored cere. Neck.—Thin, nicely curved and tapering well off as it ap- proaches the head. Length of Neck.—Corresponding with length of back, so as to ing the head to rest closely at the base of the cushion. Body.-—Shape, small and round; back, slightly hollowed in centre; length of back, in proportion to length of neck, enabling the head to rest on the cushion with ease; rump, of sufficient size and strength to balance the tail evenly; chest, round Jike a ball. Cushion.—Full and massive, the feathers of the front and back overlapping each other and extending well up the tail feathers. Tail.—Slightly concave and circular, closely filled with long broad evenly set feathers, well overlapping each other. Legs.—Moderately short, not stilty, and free from feathers below the hocks. Feet.—Small, fine and neat. Color of Legs and Feet.—Bright red. Carriage.—The bird should stand on tip-toes and walk in a jaunty manner. Head, thrown back in a graceful manner resting closely on the cushion; chest, up- right in a straight line with the legs; wings, set on fairly low and closely braced; flights, just clearing the lowest tail feathers and almost meeting at the tips; tail, carried well up not being allowed to drop or incline forward; legs, well apart, the hocks being forced forward by the action of the body. Motion.—Convulsive jerking or twitching of the neck and apparent upheaving of the chest, the head seeming to bonnce gently up and down on the cushion, with constant tremulous quivering of the body. Plumage—Pure White, hard and tight fitting. 28 THE PIGEON STANDARD. THE BLUE FANTAIL. Head.—Small fine and snakey, free from peak or shell. Beak.—Thin, black. and of medium length, the upper mandible slightly curved at the tip. Beak Wattle.—Small and fine in texture. Eye.— Pearl or Orange, with very fine dark-colored cere. Neck.—Thin, nicely curved and tapering well off as it ap- proaches the head. Length of Neck.—Corresponding with length of back, so as to enable the head to rest closely at the base of the cushion. Body.—Shape, small and round; back, slightly hollowed in centre; length of back, in proportion to length of neck, enabling the head to rest on the cushion with ease; rump, of sufficient size and strength to balance the tail evenly; chest, round Jike a ball. Cushion.—Full and massive, the feathers of the front and back overlapping each other and extending well up the tail feathers. Tail.—Slightly concave and circular, closely filled with long broad evenly set feathers, well overlapping each other. Moderately short, not stilty, and free from feathers below the hocks. Feet.—Small, fine and neat. Color of Legs and Feet.—Bright red. Carriage.—The bird should stand on tip-toes and walk in a jaunty manner. Head, thrown back in a graceful manner resting closely on the cushion; chest, up- right in a straight line with the legs; wings, set on fairly low and closely braced; flights, just clearing the lowest tail feathers and almust meeting at the tips; tail, carried well up not being allowed to drop or incline forward; legs, well apart, the hocks being forced forward by the action of the body. Motion.—Convulsive jerking or twitching of the neck and apparent upheaving of the chest, the ‘head seeming to bonnce gently up and down on the cushion, with constant tremulous quivering of the body. Color.—Clear sound lavender blue. Free from sootiness or bronzing, and with no inclination to run light on the rump. The feathers upon the neck and throat should be covered with an iredescent metallic sheen. The wing and tail bars should be black and well defined. The tail feathers should be edged all around with the same tint as the body color. Plumage—Hard and tight fitting. Legs. i til i ee THE PIGEON STANDARD. 29 THE BLACK FANTAIL. Head.— Small fine and snakey, free from peak or shell. Beak.—Thin, black and of medium length, the upper mandible slightly curved at the tip. ' Beak Wattle.—Small and fine in texture. Eye. —Pearl or Orange, with very fine dark-colored cere. Neck.—Thin, nicely curved and tapering well off as it ap- proaches the head. Length of Neck.—Corresponding with length of back, so as to enable the head to rest closely at the base of the cushion, Body.—Shape, small and round; back, slightly hollowed in centre; length of back, in proportion to length of neck, enabling the head to rest on the cushion with ease; rump, of sufficient size and strength to balance the tail evenly; chest, round Jike a ball. Cushion.—Full and massive, the feathers of the front and back overlapping each other and extending well up the tail feathers. Tail.—Slightly concave and circular, elosely filled wtth long broad evenly set feathers, well overlapping each other. Legs.—Moderately short, not stilty, and free from feathers below the hocks. Feet.—Small, fine and neat. Color of Legs and Feet.—Bright red. Carriage.—The bird should stand on tip-toes and walk in a jaunty manner. Head, thrown back in a graceful manner resting closely on the cushion; chest, up- right in a straight line with the legs; wings, set on fairly low and closely braced; flights, just clearing the lowest tail feathers and almost meeting at the tips; tail, carried well up not being allowed to drop or incline forward; legs, well apart, the hocks being forced forward by the action of the body. Motion.—Convulsive jerking or twitching of the neck and apparent upheaving of the chest, the head seeminy to bonnce gently up and down on the cushion, with constant tremulous quivering of the body. Color.—Jet black throughout, free from rustiness or a cheq- uery appearance, and covered with arich beetle green lustre. Plumage—Hard and tight fitting. we) Aalst 5 Zin \.A A Y\ \ \ WHITE FANTAIL, ree: THE PIGEON STANDARD. 31 THE RED FANTAIL. Head.—Small fine and snakey, free from peak or shell. Beak.—Thin, flesh color and of medium length, the upper mandible slightly curved at the tip. Beak Wattle.—Small and fine in texture. Eye.—Orange, with very fine flesh-colored cere. Neck.—Thin, nicely curved and tapering well off as it ap- proaches the head. Length of Neck.—Corresponding with length of back, so as to enable the head to rest closely at the base of the cushion. : Body.—Shape, small and round; back, slightly hollowed in centre; length of back, in proportion to length of neck, enabling the head to rest on the cushion with ease; rump, of sufficient size and strength to balance the tail evenly; chest, round Jike a ball. Cushion.—Full and massive, the feathers of the front and back overlapping each other and extending well up the tail feathers. Tail.—Slightly concave and circular, closely filled with long broad evenly set feathers, well overlapping each other. Legs.—Moderately short, not stilty, and free from feathers below the hocks. Feet.—Small, fine and neat. Color of Legs and Feet.—Bright red. Carriage.—The bird should stand on tip-toes and walk in a jaunty manner. Head, thrown back in a graceful marner resting closely on the cushion; chest, up- right in a straight line with the legs; wings, set on fairly low and closely braced; flights, just clearing the lowest tail feathers and almost meeting at the tips; tail, carried well up not being allowed to drop or incline forward; legs, well apart, the hocks being forced forward by the action of the body. Motion.—Convulsive jerking or twitching of the neck and apparent upheaving of the chest, the head seeming to bonnce gently up and down on the cushion, with constant tremulous quivering of the body. Color.—Clear, rich, bright golden chestnut, free from sooti- ness or any tendeney to 2 bluish tint. The feathers upon the neck and throat should be covered with an iridescent metallic sheen. Plumage—Hard and tight fitting. 5 Vite caret THE PIGEON STANDARD. THE YELLOW FANTAIL. Head.—Small fine and snakey, free from peak or shell. Beak.—Thin, flesh color and of medium length, the upper mandible slightly curved at the tip. Beak Wattle.—Small and fine in texture. Eye.— Orange, with very fine flesh-colored cere. Neck.—Thin, nicely curved and tapering well off as it ap- proaches the head. Length of Neck.—Corresponding with length of back, so as to enable the head to rest closely at the base of the cushion. Body.—Shape, small and round; back, slightly hollowed in centre; length of back, in proportion to length of neck, enabling the head to rest on the cushion with ease; rump, of sufficient size and strength to balance the tail evenly; chest, round Jike a ball. Cushion.—Full and massive, the feathers of the front and back overlapping each other and extending well up the tail feathers. Tail.—Slightly concave and circular, closely filled with long broad evenly set feathers, well overlapping each other. Moderately short, not stilty, and free from feathers below the hocks. Feet.—Small, fine and neat. Color of Legs and Feet.—Bright red. Carriage.—The bird should stand on tip-toes and walk in a jaunty manner. Head, thrown back in a graceful manner resting closely on the cushion; chest, up- right in a straight line with the legs; wings, set on fairly low and closely braced; flights, just clearing the lowest tail feathers and almost meeting at the tips; tail, carried well up not being allowed to drop or incline forward; legs, well apart, the hocks being forced forward by the action of the body. Motion.—Convulsive jerking or twitching of the neck and apparent upheaving of the chest, the head seeming to bounce gently up and down onthe cushion, with constant tremulous quivering of the body. Color.—Rich, bright golden yellow, with no tendency to run light on rump. The feathers upon the neck and throat should be covered with an iridescent metallic sheen. Plumage.—Hard and tight fitting. Legs. THE PIGEON STANDARD, 33 THE SILVER FANTAIL. Head.—Small fine and snakey, free from peak or shell. Beak.—Thin, black and of medium length, the upper . mandible pes curved at the tip. Beak Wattle.—Small and fine in texture. Eye.—Pearl, with very fine drab-colored cere. Neck.—Thin, nicely curved and tapering well off as it ap- proaches the head. Length of Neck.—Corresponding with length of back, so as to enable the head to rest closely at the base of the cushion. Body.—Shape, small and round; back, slightly hollowed in centre; length of back, in proportion to length of neck, enabling the head to rest on the cushion with ease; rump, of sufficient size and strength to balance the tail evenly; chest, round like a ball. Cushion.—Full and massive, the feathers of the front and _ back overlapping each other and extending well up the tail feathers. Tail.—Slightly concave and circular, closely filled with long broad evenly set feathers, well overlapping each other. Legs.—Moderately short, not stilty, and free from feathers below the hocks. Feet.—Small, fine and neat. Color of Legs and Feet.—Bright red. Carriage.—The bird should stand on tip-toes and walk in a jaunty manner. Head, thrown back in a graceful manner resting closely on the cushion; chest, up- rightin a straight line with the legs; wings, set on fairly low and closely braced; flights, just clearing the lowest tail feathers and almost meeting at the tips; tail, carried well up not being allowed to drop or incline forward; legs, well apart, the hocks being forced forward by the action of the body. Motion.—Convulsive jerking or twitching of the neck and apparent upheaving of the chest, the head seeming to bounce gently up and down on the cushion, with constant tremulous quivering of the body. Color.—A soft even shade of a very light silvery grey tint, with no tendency to a creamy color, The feathers upon the neck and throat should be covered with an iridescent metallic sheen. The wing and tail bars should be black and well defined. The tail feathers should be edged all round with the same tint as the body color. Plumage—Hard and tight fitting. 34 THE PIGEON STANDARD. THE SADDLEBACK FANTAIL. Head.—Small fine and snakey, free from peak or shell. Beak.—Thin, flesh color and of medium length, the upper mandible slightly curved at the tip. Beak Wattle.—Small and fine in texture. Eye.—Dark Hazel or Bull, with very fine flesh-colored cere. Neck.—Thin, nicely curved and tapering well off as it ap- proaches the head. Length of Neck.—Corresponding with length of back, so as to enable the head to rest closely at the base of the cushion. Body.—Shape, small and round; back, slightly hollowed in centre; length of back, in proportion to length of neck, enabling the head to rest on the cushion with ease; rump, of sufficient size and strength to balance the tail evenly; chest, round Jike a ball. Cushion.—Full and massive, the feathers of the front and back overlapping each other and extending well up the tail feathers. Slightly concave and circular, closely filled with long broad evenly set feathers, well overlapping each other. Legs.—Moderately short, not stilty, and free from feathers below the hocks. Feet.—Small, fine and neat. Color of Legs and Feet.—Bright red. Carriage.—The bird should stand on tip-toes and walk in a jaunty manner. Head, thrown back in a graceful manner resting closely on the cushion; chest, up- right in a straight line with the legs; wings, set on fairly low and closely braced; flights, just clearing the lowest tail feathers and almost meeting at the tips; tail, carried well up not being allowed to drop or incline forward; legs, well apart, the hocks being forced forward by the action of the body. Motion.—Convulsive jerking or twitching of the neck and apparent upheaving of the chest, the head seeming to bounce gently up and down on the cushion, with constant tremulous quivering of the body. Markings.—The wings should be marked evenly, the ten outside feathers being white, the rest, including the covert or scapular feathers; to be colored; the body, excepting the back, to be white, in the barred varie- ties the wing bars to be clear and distinct. Color.—To be clear and rich throughout, with tight hard- fitting plumage. Tail. THE PIGEON STANDARD. 35 THE ENGLISH CARRIER. Head.—Long and narrow, running on as straight a level as possible from the base of the wattle to the back of the skull, yet displaying the slightest indentation in its centre in its longitudinal extension. (1) Leneru —From the tip of the beak to the back of the skull, 22 inches at least. (2) Wipru—From inside fold of eye-cere to eye-cere 4 inch—being equal in measure- ment at front and back of cere. Beak.—Long and stout in both mandibles, shooting straight away from their juncture up the gape and propor- tionately thick to the very tip, the mandibles closing tightly. Color, of a light fleshy hue with dark lon- itudinal streaks in blacks and blues, the streaks eing light horn color in duns; in whites, of a pale fleshy color, devoid of any streaking. Measure- ments of face and beak, lf inch in hens and not less than 2 inches in cocks, from the pupil of the eye to the tip of the beak. Wattle.—Rather round than oval in shape, Size, as large as possible, even in surface rooring, and proportion- ately balanced from side to side; that on the under mandible scarcely showing any separation from that on the upper one when they are closed; the upper section tilted slightly forward from the front of the skull, the lower section very gradually bulging away from the jaw. The circumference of the wattle should be greatest at its centre, from whence it should gradually and imperceptibly blend with the beak at its inner extremity. The color of a wattle should be a powdery white tint. Eyes.—Deep red in iris, except whites, which should be black or ‘‘bull-eyed.”’ Eye-Cere.—Circular and wide, evenly radiating at an equal distance from the eye. Fine, well laced, but firm in texture, rising slightly above the level of the head and quite parallel in structure both at the front and back of the skull. The color of a pale, leather-like tinge, displaying but little of the powdery tint visi- ble on the wattle. The dimensions should be pro- portionate to sex and age; in adult cocks, as wide and circular as a florin; in adult hens a degree less; in young birds not less than a shilling, increasing with age. i i | he a ii ‘i i WM tsisigis 0 dean ty Ni ats Mh ile its ENGLISH CARRIER. THE PIGEON STANDARD. 37 Neck.—Lengthy and slender, rather straight and erect, and well cut away at its juncture with the throat onwards hae hey under mandible, and absolutely devoid of : . - gullet. Body.—(1) Cuest—Wide and full, but not projecting to the front. (2) SHouLDERs—Wide and flat, showing mus- cular power. (3) BAck—Long and straight, sloping from shoulders towards the rump, and showing a slight hollowness rather than the reverse. (4) WING Butrrs—To protrude ee prt beyond the chest. (5) Breast BonE—Long and straight, showing moderate depth of keel. Legs and Feet.—Stout, muscular and long, both from thighs to knee joints, and from the latter to the instep. | Fagg thinly feathered ‘to the knee joints; thence to the tips of the toes, the legs and claws, free of ! feathers. Claws firmly set, spreading well out from eve of the fuot, nails of the same color as the eak. | Flights and Tail.—Long in shaft and moderately wide in web. The flights should be carried on a level with the body and be closely tucked up, resting over the . tail, the latter should form a continuous slope in continuation of the back and rump, and be carried quite clear from the ground at its extremity. Size.—Large, measuring as nearly as possible 18 inches from the tip of beak to end of tail in length, and 4} inches across the widest part of the body, i. e. from shoulder to shoulder. + sneering en upright and sprightly; in observant atti- = tude. Plumage.—With the exception of flight and tail feathers, all the plumage should be short in feather, fitting very close and compactly to the body, especially on the neck, head and shoulder coverings. Colors.—(1) Buacks—Ebony shade with deep green lustre, (2) Duns—Of one shade all through from head to tail. (3) BLurs—Sound but clear tint; dark on rump, showing distinct wing and tail, black bars. (4) Wurres—Milk-white, displaying a ‘‘satin like” lustre on the hackle and breast. Nore.—In estimating the value to be allotted to the beak wattle and the eye cere, age and sex must be taken into account, As a general rule, the Carrier pigeon is at its best between 3 and 4 years of age. —— ——— — A (‘PIIOM peteyyveg) “SAU Va THE PIGEON STANDARD. 39 THE BARB. Head.—(1) Sku_tt—Large, broad and square ; level and equal- ly wide at front and back; but displaying an indented ridge running from the front of each eye along the edging of the skull. (2) Foreneap—Wide and chubby, measuring one inch and three-sixteenths from centre of eye to tip of beak. (3) BEAk—Stout, and blunt at its end; in color rather pale, streaked with black, except pale flesh color in whites. (4) Mourna—Wide in gape; when closed, mandibles fit- ting tightly. (5) WarrLe—Full in front, but not bulgy; tine in texture, showing but a slight central division, displaying a white powdery surface. (6) UNDER-WATTLE or “Jewing’’—Consisting of three distinctly divided, roundish warty developments, one at either side of the gape, and the third exactly at the centre of the base of the under-mandible. (7) Cere—Circular, i. e., radiating at an equal distance ; from the eye on all sides, rising up well above the 1 skull; equally thick and even in texture all round, and rich coral red in color. (8) Eye—In whites, wholly black; in all other colors the iris bright sil- very white, with a clearly defined black ae 5 Body.—Neck—Short and thick, but displaying no gullet; gracefully nee tipi in widening proportion from the throat to the shoulders. (2) BAck—Rather wide and flat. (5) Breast—Wide, full and prominent. (4) SHOULDERS—Closely adhering to the body, the wing butts not projecting beyond the breast. (5) Leas— Short, stout and firm; free from all feathers below the hock joint. (6) Feer—Claws well parted and spreading outwardly, with nails same color as beak. Plumage.—(1) Frigurs—Primaries, long and moderately wide; secondaries, rather prominent at sides but resting well over the longer ones. (2) TArtL—Rather short, wide in web and not closely folded. Shape.—Cobby in build and erect in carriage. Colors.—(1) BLAck—Raven black, displaying a metallic green lustre. (2) Reps—Rich chestnut color, devoid of dunnish or ashy shades on the rump and belly, (3) Duns—Sound and equally even in shade right through, whether dark or light. (4) Wuires—Very pure and displaying a satin-like lustre on hackle and chest. DRAGOONS. THE PIGEON STANDARD. 41 THE DRAGOON. Head,—Wedge-shaped and broad, yet proportionate to the stoutness and length of the beak, slightly curved when viewed from the side or front, thus showing no angle or extended flat surface. Beak.—Thick, measuring from the termination of the beak horn to the anterior corner of the eye, about 1} inch- es. The lower mandible stout, straight and close fitting; the upper also stout and terminating ina slight curve. Wattle.—Peg shaped, i.e., broad and perpendicular at its bage, narrowing with even sides and longitudinal furrows towards the point of the upper mandible, but not intruding on the lower, Eye Cere.—Small, fine in texture, nearly circular, slightly pinched at the back. Eye.—Prominent and watchful. In blues, silvers, chequers and grizzles, the iris of adeep rich red color, In other varieties, an approximation to this color; ex- cept in whites, in which the iris is dark colored. Neck.—Short and thick without gullet, and widening boldly from head to shoulders. Breast.— Broad and full. Back.—Broad and as flat as possible; shoulders prominent. Wings.—strong, the flights carried above the tail. Tail.—Short and running ina line with the back, carried clear of the ground, and extending quite half-an-inch beyond the tips of the wings. Legs.—Short. The thighs stout and muscular. The whole length of the body, from the point of the beak to the extremity of the tail, about 15 inches. Color.—In blues. The neck dark and lustrous; the body, rump and thighs, a leaden blue of uniform shade. 42 THE PIGEON STANDARD. —————— Markings.—A broad black bar across the end of the tail. Two black bars, about $ of an inch, wide, even and distinct, running transversely from top to bottom of each wing, in the form of the letter V inverted. Color of beak in blues, black. Color of Eye Cere, a dark grey. Color of Grizzles and Chequers.—Each feather distinctly grizzled or chequered. The marking, color of beaks and eye cere, game as in blues. Color of Silvers.—A uniform and light silver tint. Neck a deeper shade. Bars as black as possible. Beak, horn color. Yellows and Reds.—Color uniform and bright. Beak of an even flesh color. Eye Cere, hard and white. Whites.—Beak, pale flesh color. Hye Cere same as in yel- lows and reds. THE PIGEON STANDARD, 43 THE SWALLOW. Shell.—Erect at base, with the top of the shell slightly cur- ying forward, extending well round the head, the base of shell to be the same distance from the centre of eye as from centre of eye to the joints of mandi- bles. Cap.—Extending from the wattle to the back of the head at a clean line to be drawn from the joints of the man- dibles straight through the eyes to the base of the skull just ye Bp but not intruding into the white lining of the shell. Skull.—Narrow in front and wide behind—that is to say, wedge shape, Mandibles.—In blacks, blues, silvers, spangles and chequers the upper mandible dark, the under one light in color. In reds and yellows both mandibles to be light in color, the beak rather long, straight and slender. Wattle.—Very small and smooth. Eye Cere.—Very fine in texture. Eyes.— Dark. Neck.—Short and rather cobby in appearance, but showing no sign of gullet. Shoulder.—Broad and rather full set, the back wide and flat, Saddle.—Heart shape, showing a nice even line of marking. Foot-Feather.—Length about 2} or 3 inches on shank, with the toes well covered, hock feathers white, all feath- ers below hock colored. Legs.—Short and rather wide apart; the shortness of legs should be from hock to body. Carriage.— Rather squatty. Condition.—Very lustrous in the colored parts of the plu- mage. Markings.—The whole of the body white with the exception of the cap, wings, foot and leg feathering below the hock, (Feathered World.) SWALLOW. FAIRY THE PIGEON STANDARD. 45 THE FAIRY SWALLOW. Shell.—Erect at base, coming high up, extending well round the head. Skull.—Narrow in front and wide behind, showing an even curve from top of skull to front of shell. Mandibles.—Rather long, in blacks, upper half dark, the lower half light; reds, yellows and silvers, light upper and lower. Eye Cere.—Light and fine in texture. Eyes.—Dark, hazel and well defined. Frontal.—Spot, oval, extending from the nostrils; in looking at the bird from the front, it should appear slightly down-faced. Neck.—Short and thick, but showing no sign of gullet. Shoulders.—Broad and full set; the back broad and flat. Carriage.—Squatty. Legs.—Short and rather wide apart. Saddle.—Heart shape, clean cut, not to be long. Foot Feather.—Very long, and well spread in front, coming nicely round to hocks. Condition.—Very lustrous in color, and free from blue-black. Markings.—The whole of the bird should be white with the exception of head spot, wings excepting two ,well defined white bars, and foot feathering below the hocks, “es ar » Oa 'ey " WY) few yy aTUTTUMTU TEN TURBIT. : THE PIGEON STANDARD. 47 THE TURBIT. Size.—Small, very fullin breast. Flights short and resting above the tail; the latter short and tightly folded. Carriage erect and graceful. Peak.—Springing from mane, quite unbroken and ending in a fine point a little above the head. Head.—Large and broad, forehead high and round, full above the wattle and prominent over the eyes, being well bulged so as to present a down-faced appear- ance. Beak.—Short and thick, the upper mandible having a down- ward tendency. The lower mandible should be straight and fit tightly into the upper. Mouth.—Wide with full cheeks below the eyes, the space between the juncture of the mandibles and the eyes to be well filled out. Eyes.—Large and prominent, and situated comparatively near the top of the head, but with good distance to the frontal bulge. Color, bull, i. e. dark hazel, large and full. Eye cere, pale flesh color, Wattle.—Fair amount, but in no way raising out of the curve of the profile. Gullet.—As much as possible, quite filling up the hollow in the throat. Frill.—As much as possible, long in feather and firm in tex- ture turning both ways, and extending from the gullet well down into the breast. Neck.—Broad from front to back. Legs.—Short, showing but little of the thigh. Color bright red. Markings.—White with colored wings, each having ten white flight feathers. Color.—Yellow, red, black and blue, as rich and glossy as possible, the bars of blues to be broad, even and distinct. Disqualifications.—Trimming, plucking, coloring or artifi- cial alteration in any way. Appearance of feathers on the legs or feet. Out of condition from disease or any decided deformity. Nore.—It should be observed that ticked blues, chequery or smokey blacks, reds and yellows, must be entered in the classes for standard colors and are not eligible for the Any Other Color class. THE PIGEON STANDARD. 49 THE ENGLISH OWL. Head.—Large, massive, round, forming a bold and regular arch from front and side view, well filled in between _ eye and beak, Beak.—Short, thick, upper mandible well curved downwards forming continuation of curve of the skull, lowe: mandible stout, meeting and fitting. well into the upper; color in blues and powdered blues as near black as possible; in silvers and powdered silvers, a light horn color; in reds, yellows and whites, pale flesh color. Beak Wattle.— Fine in texture, small, neat and heart shaped. Eye and Eye Cere.—Eye large, bold, color reddish gravel for blues, yellowish gravel for silvers and other colors except whites, in which it should be bull or claret, set in centre of side of head, Cere fine and neat. Gullet.—Well developed, commencing at tip of lower ma:.- dible and terminating in the rosette or frill. Neck.-—Short, rather thick, boldly tapering from shoulder :v junction with head, full under the jowl. Rosette or Frill.—As ample and well developed as possible, either admissible, rosette preferred. Flights and Tail.—Short and carried compactly. Legs and Feet.—Legs short, free from feathering below the hock, feet strong and toes well divided, brilliant red in color. Weight and Length.—About 12 oz., not exceeding 14 oz. for cocks, an ounce or two less for hens; length, from tip of beak to end of tail, not to exceed 13} in. Shape.—Compact and vigorous, chest and breast broad, prominent and muscular, rather short than other- wise. Carriage.—Bold and active. Color.—Blues, sound and even throughout, including rump and thighs, bars black. Silvers, soft, even shade throughout, flights and tail dun bars as dark as pos- sible. Powdered blues and silvers frosted with white; other colors as sound and clear as possible, except chequers which should be as evenly chequered on the shoulders and rump as possible, and if on the thighs so much the better, Disqualifications.—Trimming, plucking, coloring or any other artificial alteration whatever, out of condition from disease or any decided deformity. 50 THE PIGEON STANDARD. THE AFRICAN OR FOREIGN OWL. Round, forming a bold and regular arch from front and side view, well filled in between eye and beak. Head. Beak.—Short, thick, upper mandible well curved downwards forming continuation of curve of the skull, lower mandible stout, meeting and fitting well into the upper; colorin blues and powdered blues as near black as possible; in silvers and powdered silvers, a light horn color; in reds, yellows and whites, pale flesh color. Beak Wattle.—Fine in texture, small, neat and heart shaped. Eye and Eye Cere.—Eye large, bold, color reddish gravel for blues, yellowish gravel for silvers and other colors except whites, in which it should be bull or claret, set in centre of side of head. Cere fine and neat. Gullet.—Well developed, commencing at tip of lower man- dible and terminating in the rosette or frill. Neck.-—Short, rather thick, boldly tapering from shoulder to junction with head, full under the jowl. Rosette or Frill.—As ample and well developed as possible, either admissible, rosette preferred. Flights and Tail.—Short and carried compactly. Legs and Feet.—Legs short, free from feathering below the hock, feet strong and toes well divided, brilliant red in color. Weight.—Not over 10 oz. for cocks, an oz. or two less for hens. Shape.—Compact and vigorous, chest and breast broad, prominent and muscular, rather short than other- wise. Carriage.—Bold and active. Color.—Blues, sound and even throughout, including rump and thighs, bars black. Silvers, soft, even shade throughout, flights and tail dun bars as dark as pos- sible. Powdered blues and silvers frosted with white; other colors as sound and clear as possible, except chequers which should be as evenly chequered on the shoulders and rump as possible, and if on the thighs so much the better. Disqualifications.—Trimming, plucking, coloring or any other artificial alteration whatever, out of condition from disease or any decided deformity. THE PIGEON STANDARD. 51 THE CHINESE OR WHISKERED OWL. Head.—Round, forming a bold and regular arch from front and side view, well filled in between eye and beak. Beak.—Short, thick, upper mandible well curved downwards forming continuation of curve of the skull, lower mandible stout, meeting and fitting well into the upper; color in blues and powdered blues as near black as possible; in silvers and powdered silvers. « light horn color; in reds, yellows and whites, paiv flesh color. Beak Wattle.— Fine in texture, small, neat and heart shaped. Eye and Eye Cere.—Eye large, bold, color reddish gravel for blues, yellowish gravel for silvers and other colors except whites, in which it should be bull or claret, set in centre of side of head, Cere fine and neat, Gullet.—Well developed, commencing at tip of lower man- dible and terminating in the rosette or frill. Neck.-—Short, rather thick, boldly tapering from shoulder to junction with head, full under the jowl. Frill.—As ample and well developed as possible, extending in ruffle fashion right up to the back of the ear. This is its only difference from the African Owl. Flights and Tail.—Short and carried compactly. Legs and Feet.—Legs short, free from pray iae 4 below the hock, feet strong and toes well divided, brilliant red in color. Weight.—Not over 10 oz. for cocks, an oz. or two less for hens. Shape.—Compact and vigorous, chest and breast broad, prominent and muscular, rather short than other- wise. Carriage.—Bold and active. Color.—Blues, sound and even throughout, including rump and thighs, bars black. Silvers, soft, even shade throughout, flights and tail dun bars as dark as pos- sible. Powdered blues and silvers frosted with white; other colors as sound and clear as possible, except chequers which should be as evenly chequered on the shoulders and rump as possible, and if on the thighs so much the better. Disqualifications.—Trimming, plucking, coloring or any other artificial alteration whatever, out of condition from disease or any decided deformity. ORIENTAL FRILLS. THE PIGEON STANDARD. 53 ORIENTAL FRILLS. GENERAL FORMATION FOR ALL VARIETIES. Head,—Large, round, high, broad and well arched forming acontinuous curve from neck to tip of beak, well filled in between eye and beak. Cheeks.—Full and chubby. Beak.—Short, thick and close fitting. Beak Wattle.—Small and of fine texture. Eye.—Large, bright and prominent. Cere.—Small and smooth. Crest.—(1) Needle-pointed, upright and central. (2) Shell crest, even ridge and wide spread, (3) Plain head. Gullet.—Full and well developed, falling from near tip of under mandible to start of frill. Neck.—Thick, broad at base, well arched and full under jowl. Frill.—As much as possible, well covering the breast. Flights and Tail.—Proportionate and well set; former car- ried close up to body. Legs.—Moderate length, grouse muffed, the feathers con- tinuing to toe-nails, completely covering shanks and feet. Form.—Compact, round and plump. Carriage.—Erect, active, dignified. The Satinette. Beak.—Pale flesh color. Eye.—Very dark brown. Cere.—Flesh color. Head, neck and body underparts white. Shoulders.—Tri-color, i. ¢., ground tint, almost colorle: » with fine lines of chestnut brown and purple, black edging at lower extremity. It is immaterial whether markings are laced, arrow-pointed, spangled or tipped, or whether heavy, medium or fine markings. It is in clearness, evenness, regularity and accuracy of feather markings that perfection is attained, arid this is generally found in the lighter or palest grounded birds, where the beauty and clear contrast is most obvious. 54 THE PIGEON STANDARD. Thighs.—Are more or less colored, the less the better, white preferred. Flights.—White, and seven to ten a side. Tail.—Dark purple, blue downwards from line across rump, the usual black band at lower extremity, upon which should be on each and every feather a large, round, white spot (‘‘Peacock’s eye’’) clearly defined. Inthe lighter colored birds, however, this white takes the form of a band, and if well and clearly defined is of equal value. Shafts of feather dark. Feet.—Bright red but not visible. Black Satinettes are of the very palest shade (almost white) with afair lacing all over shoulders. Tail white with black edging. Sulphurettes Are same as above, showing pale sulphur ground color instead of pale pink, brown on shoulders. The Brunette. Is similar to the above, only differing in shade of color, having a silver-grey tint; the pencillings being of a very dark red-brown, fawn, or French grey with tail cf same shade. The Bluette. Clear blue shoulders, with white bars edged with black. Dark blue tail, with white spots edged with black. The Silverette. Pale grey shoulders, with white bars edged with the darker shade. Grey tail, with white spots edged with dark grey. The Vizor. Differs only from the Satinette in that the head should be dark bronzy purple clear cut to a well defined line running across the neck, from bottom of gullet to back of crest, divid- ing the dark colored head from the white. Body, frill, rump and legs should be pure white and free from foul feathers; thighs as little dark as possible. The dark tail clearly shown at rump, and white primary flights seven to ten. DOMINO. 56 THE PIGEON STANDARD. The Domino. Colors.—Black, blue, silver and dun, with and without bars» and chequers of same shades. Beak.—Black or dark. Eye.—Red and yellow gravel. Cere.—Flesh color; white body and thighs. Head,—Colored, ‘‘which should extend low down in front of neck, forming a bib, asina Nun.’’ Shoulders and tail of same sound color all through. Flights.—White, seven to ten to a side. Legs.—Clean, free from feathers. Blondinettes. Like Satinettes are of various patterns of markings, viz.: ‘‘LACED,’’ ‘‘ARROW-POINTED,”’ “‘SPANGLED’’ and “TIPPED,”’ and of various shades and degrees of these from light to dark, and from fine to heavy. The varieties are: Blue, silver, red, yellow, black, dun and sulphur. These are ofthe variegated or laced kinds; the beaks of which should be black, flesh and horn to harmonize with each color. Eyxs should be red or yellow, i. e., a “‘colored eye.’”’ The head, neck, frills and tail of a darker shade, Whatever the color of each, it must be of the richest and purest of shade; red, yellow, blue, sil- ver or sulphur, and the markings clearly defined. The blue laced being especially beautiful about the head and neck, with a rich and brilliant bronzy hue, which sometimes ter- minates at junction line of neck and back, andin othersa dark head, as the veil ofa Nun. These latter sort are inva- riably very clear, light and attractive in variegation, the completeness of which is exemplified ALL OVER, even to neck, breast, back, belly and thighs. Inathoroughly good laced Blondinette the bronzy color should permeate the whole plumage, flights and tail; the latter of which should have the large round white spot or band clearly defined upon every feather, while the former also should have an oblong white spot ateach extremity of flight feather. LrGs AND FEET grouse feathered to tips of toes. ' Barred Blondinettes Are of plain, clear blue or silver; each sort with clear white bars, with a fine line of black upon lower edge of each. Tail and flights with well defined and clear large white spot on and near to extremity of each. 5 THE PIGEON STANDARD. 57 Black and Dun Laced Blondinettes. These are two sub-varieties, in which the ‘‘LAcING’’ proper is more pronounced and conspicuous. In these, each feather is evenly edged with its respective colors, varying from heavy to fine, and from dark to light lacing. Tail and flights fairly edged throughout, and neck also fairly variegated. Breast, back, belly, thighs and muffs also edged. The Turbiteen. Colors.—Black, dun, red, yellow, blue with black bars, silver with black and brown bars, blue chequered, silver chequered, red chequered, red barred and yel- low barred, all the self colors of the very deepest lustre. Beak.—The upper mandible black and very dark horn, the lower mandible white. Eye.— Dark brown, dark ruby and orange. Cere.—Pale flesh color. Markings.—Body, tail, flights and legs white. Colored head markings and shoulders, They are usually found very foul thighed, but this should be con- sidered an imperfection. Head.—The markings should consist of three equal sized spots, the frontal one commencing at the wattle and covering the forehead, heart shaped; the cheek spots should extend from the base of the lower man- dible, underthe eye tothe ear, forming a crescent shaped oval. There should be a distinct white line running from beak to eye, dividing the frontal and cheek spots. Birds with front spot only are admis- sible. Gullet.—Should be white, dividing the cheek marks. Oriental Turbits. Blacks, blues, silvers, reds, yellows, duns, chequers and creamies. Each sort should have the sides and shoulders marked in perfect elliptical form, with their respective colors deep, rich and pure. Allelse should be white, as in the English Turbit. There are, however, two kinds (both admis- sible as show birds) viz., white tailed and dark tailed, the latter sort being the more numerous; but the white tails are supposed tu have been the original. THE ARCHANGEL. THE PIGEON STANDARD. 59 THE ARCHANGEL. Head.—Long and narrow, with gradual curve from front to back; round skull, showing an easy curve in all directions; lean face, junction with head to neck almost imperceptible. Crest.—Central, needle-pointed, one-fourth to one-half inch in length, and slightly inclined forward, showing no mane behind or beneath it. Beak.—Dove shaped, light brown color, slightly curved at end with black marking on top of upper mandible extending from wattle to end of beak, lower man- dible straight. Wattle.—Fine in texture and small, showing very little or no white surface. Eye and Cere.—Deep orange red; pupil large and clearly defined, prominent, yet of a rather mild expression, eye cere very small and fine in texture. Neck.—Long, slender, graceful, and slenderest at point of junction with head, gently widening toward the shoulders, joining the latter with a gradual curve. Breast.—Slightly prominent, plain and neat. Wings.—Long, close to body, and tapering to flights, which should be narrow in web of feather, extending to within half an inch ofthe end of the tail and mevet- ing tip to tip, gently resting on the tail. Legs and Feet.—Firm and of good length, shank free from feathers and covered with fine scales; toes well separated and long, claws black, legs and feet crimson in color. Body.—Rather small in size, narrow and slender, and grace- fully tapering from front to vent, with shoulders well defined and close to the body. Color.—Wings, rump and tail rich bronzed black: around ends of wings and rump feathers are arranged bril- liant metallic colors, changing in hue with every change of position; tail feathers black, having a rounded appearance at end; head, neck, belly and thighs an even, deep, rich copper. Plumage.—Close and compact. Nature,—Rather wild, yet graceful. THE NUN. THE PIGEON STANDARD. 61 THE NUN. Crest.—Shell shaped, wide from side to side and thick from front to back, that isfrom the inner lining to the outer edge, with curls at its extremities just behind the ears; high and erect, with full cushion at base towards the mane, and entire absence of any dark ) feathers. Markings.—HeEAp Anp Bris to consist of a clean-cut line of distinction between the dark feathers of the skull at the back of the crown, as near as can be at the centre of the curve whence the shell rises, neither extending into the rise nor being intruded upon either wholly or in jagged patches towards the crown of the head; this line of demarcation between the dark head feathers and the white hood or shell should just pass below the side curls, and from these proceed boldly downwards at the front sides of the neck tothe ex- tent of about ld in., at which point the black feath- ers covering the whole of the space from one side of the throat to the opposite side, viewed frontways, blend inwardly in a convex form, constituting a shaded fall of feathers below the under mandible termed the ‘‘bib.’’ This skull and bib marking of dark feathers should be of the richest depth and lustre of plumage, either black, red, yellow, dun, blue or silver, in accordance with the color of the major flight and tail feathers. Flights and Tail.—The ten flight feathers in each wing should be dark, as should also be the twelve tail feathers with the leading coverts above and below the tail itself. Skull.—Full in frontal, rising boldly from a Tumbler stop at the end of the wattle on to the crown of the head, which should present a convex appearance both when viewed from the front and sides. The space between the juncture of the mandibles and eye should be full, but below the under mandible, downwards, towards —— ee 62 THE PIGEON STANDARD. the neck, there should be no appearance of a gullet, Eye and Cere.—The eyes should be of the most silvery white, the eye ceres very fine in texture, and black or deep damson colored. Wattle.—Small, fine and possesses a delicate white bloom. Beak.—Of medium length and thickness, and of the blackest ebony tint and polish in blacks ana blues, dark brown in reds and duns, and pale pink in yellows and sil- vers. The claw nails should match in color with the beak of each specimen. Legs and Feet.—Darker in coral or purple shades than in any other fancy pigeon, and free from feathers below the knee joints, foul hocks or thighs being discountenanced. Shape and Size.— Medium structure and proportions, rather larger than the Turbit and smaller than the English Owl. The neck islong but not slender, the head being carried very upright; the chest is full and wide, the shoulders are brvad, and the keel is full but not projecting; the back is straight and sloping from shoulders to the rump; the pinions are strong but closely tucked intothe body; the flight and tail feathers are broad and proportionately long, the former resting on the latter atthe tips. The whole skape of the body is of a muscular, wedge-formed structure. _ PiGcan NOWS == ot RUSSIAN TRUMPETERS. 04 THE PIGEON STANDARD. THE RUSSIAN TRUMPETER. Size.—Large, about the size of a middling Runt. Carriage.—Rather the reverse of being upright. Body Feathering.—The feathers of the body profuse in quantity and proportion, and rather the reverse of tight fitting. Flights.—Long and broad, reaching to the tip of the tail. Tail.—Loug and quite broad. Hocks.—Heavy, long and extending to the ground. Foot Feathering.—Not only do the foot feathers cover com- pletely from view the claws and nails of the feet, but they are so long as almost to justify the title of leg ‘flights’? being bestowed on them; they should gradually and evenly overlap each other, and when the bird is standing onthe floor should present an absolute right-angle projection on either side of the body to the front view, gracefully tapering off at the back till the extremities of the feathers rest closely to the tail. Exactly at the centre of the crown of the head should appear a profuse tuft of feather, falling like a veil all over the head towards front, back and sides, the extreme limit of each and all the feathers forming an unbroken and regular circle extending to the tip of the beak, to the back of the crown just to the bend of the shell feathers and all round the head, barely leaving a chance glance of the eyes visible. It is most essential that there should be no jagged irreg- ularity in the fringe of this rose-like feather display. Shell or Crest.—From ear to ear atthe back of the skull, there should extend a massive, lengthy, well shaped reversal of feathers in the form of-a beautiful shell or crest, and the larger and fuller this head covering is, the higher it should be prized. Eyes.—Either bright silver or rich orange. Beak.— Moderately long. Wattle and Cere.—Small and fine in texture. Plumage.—Colors vary from whole whites to whole blacks, some of the best specimens being rose, saddle and pinion marked, mottles. There are also grizzles, blues, reds and yellows. Rose. HOMER, SHOW “ THE 66 THE PIGEON STANDARD. THE SHOW HOMER. Head.—The head is one of the most important features, and requires each part to be separately described. When looked at from a side view it should form a perfectly even and unbroken curve from the back of the skull to the tip of the beak. From the front or top each side of the face should be well filled, the front and top skull also forming an unbroken curve from side to side. The beak should be black, both mandibles stout, but not massive, and so set that it does not interfere with the perfect curve of head. The edge of under man- dible must be quite straight, and both fit closely to- gether. From the tip of beak to corner of the eye it should measure about 1% inches. Wattle.—This should be white, smooth, and fine in texture, and shaped in the form of the letter V, the upper portion being clean cut out, and not filledin. With age there isa tendency to growth, but it should be only very slight, and for several years it should maintain naturally a fine and smooth appearance. No jewing should appear on the under mandible. The eye should beset as nearly as possible in the centre of the head, should be pearly white in color, bright and sparkling, giving the bird a wild appear- ance, as if always on the alert. Cere.—This should be damson black, very fine and hard, having the appearance of a fine silk cord encircling the eye, and although therc is a slight tendency to growth, the cere should remain naturally fine and dark for several years. In the lighter colors, such as silvers and yellows, the beak and cere are mostly light in color; but it would bea great improvement if they could be got dark, as the mealies. Throat.—The throat must be clean cut out and perfectly free from thickness or gullet. Neck.—The neck should be short, thick at the base, but Beak. Eye. THE PIGEON STANDARD. 67 gradually tapering tothe point where it joins the head, Body.—The body should be short but strongly built, shoul- ders broad, chest well rounded, back broad, flat and straight, good depth of keel, the breast bone straight and vent bones close up, the whole body from the shoulders to the tail having a wedge-shaped appear- ance, Feather.—Firm and hard. The flights should be short, strong and broad, well overlapping each other to the end, and when standing should be carried close up to the body. Tail.—The tail should be short, thin, and closely drawn to- gether, straight, and well carried. Legs.—The legs should be short, strong and well set, and quite free from feathers on the legs and toes. Condition.—The bird must bein perfect health, free from any deformity, and in a generally hard and firm con- dition. Carriage.—This should be of bold, upstanding appearance, showing a capability of great activity in all its move- ments. Color.—In chequers the chief colors are blue, black, red, yellow, silver and dun. In all these the color should be sound throughout, and the chequering should be clear and distinct. The whole colors consist of blues, silvers, mealies and yellows, the color of each being sound throughout, with two broad and well-defined bars on the wings. There are also a few grizzles and piain whites, Faults.—Thin or horn-colored beak, coarse or ill-shaped wattle, soft pale cere, red, gravel, lemon or hard eye, thick throat or gullet, frill or open feathered neck, long, swan neck, long shaped body, crooked breast bone, long soft feather, heavy or wry tail, white or pied rump or hocks, and other mismarkings, long, storky legs, web feet, crooked claws or toes. Note.—Birds when exhibited should be in perfectly natural condition. To cut, trim, alter, or in any way improve by artificial means is altogether unallowable. Pied birds should be shown with their respective colors, 68 THE PIGEON STANDARD. THE FLYING HOMER. Chest.—Deep, broad, muscular breast bone, fairly long and perfectly shaped. .Wings.—Not too long, broad, well covered, thick quills» sound, no signs of feather rot, no ill-nourished flight feathers. ' Head.—Broad, ample room for brains. Beak.— Medium in length, fairly stout and strong, but not too much wattle. Eyes.—Any bright color, but must have large, prominent pupils. Cere.—Darkish tinted and hard. Legs.—Sturdy, not too long, well feathered down to joints. Tail.—Not too long and tapering, the wings reaching to within about half an inch from end of tail. ‘Tail, body and wings all to beautifully taper off together, Color.—Any color, but must be bright and shiny, like steel, especially the flights. Size.—Rather above the average. Condition.—Hard, tight fitting plumage; perfectly solid muscles, not too fat, but hard and heavy feeling when compressed in the hands. THE ANTWERP. Short-faces.—Require a good unbroken rise of ‘‘frontal’’ from the beak and beak wattle to the crown of the skull. Medium-faces.—Sbhould be ‘‘barrel’’ headed, the formation of the skull between the wattle over the crown of the head to the back of the eye being similar in rise and elongation to the shape of an ordinary beer barrel. the distance of measurement from the centre of the eye to the juncture of the mandibles to the front, and from the same spot to the outer ridge of the back skull, being absolutely equal. This midway position of the eye is the essential feature of a true medium- faced Antwerp. Long-faces.—Of a totally different formation. The rise of the face from the spot where it joins the nasal wattle should be very gradual, showing an even long sweep from the tip of the beak, over the surface of the wattle along the muzzle, on to the crown of the skull, thence gradually sloping off at the back to the head towards the neck. THE PIGEON STANDARD. 69 Skull.—Short-faced should be broad; medium-faced of even medium barrel-like proportion; long-face compara- tively narrow. Neck.—Immediately under the jawbone should be well caved in, showing not the remotest appearance of a gullet or throatiness. Beak.—In short-faces should be as stout, short and as wide at mouth end as possible; in mediums the thickness should be, if anything, even greater, fitting well toa wide, mug-shaped mouth showing a good depth from the wattle rise tothe jawbone. In long-faces, the beak cannot be too long or proportionately thick, but withal of a graceful shape (not downward bent) well shooting away as far as the under mandible is concerned from the jawbone on a line with the eye, Beak wattle.—Even and well developed, but not bulging over the sides of the mouth, the top of the beak, or too high on its approach to the frontal bone. Eye cere.—Small, evenly laced, and rather fine in texture, of a sound, deep grey color, showing a little bloom, but not of a red tint. Eye.—Should in all colors be of a deep gravel-red color. Body.—The Antwerp is the largest pigeon existing, the Runt only excepted. Carriage.—Bold and upright. Chest.—Wide, fully expanded in the front, well supported by massive broad shoulders. Back.—Long and well developed, not absolutely flat, and yet very far from “‘hog’’ shaped. The depth from the back to the edge of the keel or breast-bone should be great and proportionate. * Flights and Tail.—Long and broad, the former being well tucked in and resting at their tips on the latter ata distance of not less than half an inch from the ex- tremity of the tail. Legs.—Very muscular from thighs down to the hocks; from the hocks to the ball of the feet they are massive, very straight, and free from all feathers. Colors.—Silver duns, mealies, red chequers, blues, and blue and black chequers. 70 THE PIGEON STANDARD. THE PARLOR TUMBLER. Varieties. : Single, Double and Roller. Performance. The Single performer should make but one turn, consisting of a straight backward somersault, (similar to the human acrobat.) The turn should be on a straight line backward (not sideways) and at each turn the bird should land square on its feet. Performance should be noiseless and free from fluttering of wings. The Single performer should clear the floor at each turn, but the closer the better. The Double performer should make two successive turns and as noiseless and free from fluttering of wings as possible. The turns should be straight backward (not sideways.) The bird should clear the floor, but the closer the better, and land square on its feet. The Roller performer should make a series or number of straight backward turns. These turns or somersaults to be ona straight line backward (not sideways) and as free from flutter of wings as possible. The performance of the Roller should be down on the floor, and at no time should the bird rise high enough to clear the floor while turning. Perform- ance should be an actual roll on the floor. Colors.—Se.rs; black, yellow, dun and white. MorTries; red, black, yellow, dun and white. SprAsHEs; red, black, yellow, dun and white. BLAck S—eLF—Color deep and sound showing a green metallic lustre.. Beak black. REp SeLF—Color deep, sound and even throughout, with a lustrous, red bronzy hackle show- ing free from green. Beak flesh color. YELLOW Se_r—Color rich yellow, even throughout, pinkish bronze hackle showing free from green. Beak flesh color. Dun SeLtF—Vary in shade, but must be clear and even throughout, either light, dark or medium. Beak horn color. Morries—Color sound and even throughout. The pinion mottlings to be white and nearly circular, evenly distributed. Butts free from THE PIGEON STANDARD. 71 white. The back markings should be V shaped, well and evenly mottled. Beak asinsolids. SpLAsues— Well spangled with white, and color of the variety all over the body. Wing primaries and tail solid, Beak as in solids. Beak.—Close fitting, straight, of medium length. Wattle.—Neat, fine in texture. Skull.—Round, rather high in front. Eye.—Pearl, centrally placed. Cere.—Small, fine in texture. Neck.—Medium length, broad at base, tapering to throat. Body.—Short, stout and wedge shaped, prominent and wide in chest. Flights.—Closely set, short and carried on the tail. Tail.—Closely folded and wedge shape. Legs.—Stout and well set, medium length, Carriage.—Sprightly, upright, bold and jaunty. Feather.—Clean, close and tight fitting. Disqualifications.—Dark or broken eyes, or feathers below the hock, THE SCANDAROON. THE PIGEON STANDARD. 73 THE SCANDAROON. Size.— Decidedly large. Skull.—Should be long, narrow and very arched from the wattle to the back of the cranium. ‘his arched peculiarity is continued all along the surface ofa long, rather roovy wattle, and stout, long, bent beak both mandibles of which should curve well down- wards, and be very close fitting; from the tip of the beak to the back of the head at its juncture with the neck it should present an elongated semi-circular outline. Eye.—The eye is surrounded by a fleshy, ruby-red cere; in all whole or self colors, except whites, ‘the iris should be either pearl or orange in color; in whites and pied specimens it should be black or ‘‘bull- eyed.” Wattle.—Long and full, but not coarse or projecting beyond the sweep of profile appertaining to the whole head- piece. Neck.—Long ‘and slender, well scooped out at the throat and rather arched or swau-like in carriage. Shoulders.—Broad and flat. Chest.—Wide and full but not prominent, the breast bone straight and well developed. Back.—Flat, slightly sloping downwards tothe rump and tail. Wing Butts.—Very stout, projecting beyond the chest, coverts close set to the sides of the body. Flights.—Rather short, stiong in shafts, tightly folded and carried up overrump, resting ou extremities of tail. Tail.—Rather short, narrow and carried well clear of the floor. Legs.—Long and very muscular, the lower joints of the thigh being distinctly visible when the bird is standing upright. Feathering.—On the neck, shoulders and thighs the feath- ers should be close fitting, even to scantiness. Colors.—All solid colors and pied. Markings.—In pied varieties the lower part of the neck, the breast, back, rump and tail, as also a saddle cut on the top of the back across the shoulders, are all of dark tints, the rest of the plumage being white in Magpie fashion. The head and upper part of the neck are also white, with the exception of two ‘‘almond-shaped’’ patches extending from the root of the under mandible, widening lengthways below the eye to the ear-holes. 74 THE PIGEON STANDARD. THE RUNT. Size.—Should not measure less than twenty inches from the tip of the beak to the end of the tail. A long, narrow bird is most objectionable; width and compass of girth must be accompanying points. A Runt twenty inches in length should measure in girth, i. e., around the upper part of the body, at least fourteen inches. Wings.— When stretched out to their full limit, should meéas- ure from tip to tip not less than thirty-six inches. Head.—Of a very massive, dove-shaped character, with a thick beak of proportionate length, rather downward in tendency. Wattle.—Almond-shaped, and, though full, not rough in texture. Eye Cere.—Fine and plum-colored, showing a healthy wbit- ish bloom. Eye.—Rather sunken in the head, the iris should be either silvery or golden red. Neck.— Medium length, of cobby formation, well cut away at the throat; no display of anything tending tua gullet. A wide, but not too prominent, chest isa great feature of excellence. Back.—Broad, rather ‘‘hog’’ shaped at the upper part, but very flat as it approaches the rump. Legs.—Rather short than long, in proportion to the size of the bird, and be widely set apart. Carriage.— Upright, not horizontal or ‘‘boaty.”’ Colors.— Blacks, reds, mealies, chequers, blues and silvers, THE ENGLISH TRUMPETER. The English Trumpeter is generally a pigeon of whole color, whites, reds and yellows being the most found. They have an upright carriage; the head is rather cuarse Dove- shaped; the eyes are black, bright orange or pearl. At the back of the head they have a beak crest, and just above the wattle the feathers are reversed, bending towards the beak; this is called the tuft; the feet are heavily feathered, and the hocks considerably booted. THE PIGEON STANDARD. 15 THE SUABIAN, The ground color of its plumage is of a dark slate-like hue, but each of the lesser soft feathers has a proportionately large or small spot of silvery satin-like tinge at its edging, giving to the whole body plumage a Jaced and watered-satin lustre. The minor flights should have a light satin oval mark in the centre; the major flight featbers are each tipped with a white satin marking, being distinctly and separately observable, even when the wing isclosed. The tail is slate colored, and has a distinct black bar at its tip. Some Suab- jans are crested; their feet and legs are clear of all feathers below the hocks, Carriage rather erect; neck slender. THE HYACINTH. Much resembles the Suabian in the ground color of its plumage, but is rather spangled in arrow fashion than laced on the shoulders; the spangling itself is of a bluish shade— some specimens have an almond-yellow ground plumage on the shoulders; the flights and tail are of a dark slate color; the size of the Hyacinth is rather above the medium propor- tion; the legs are free from all is ay and of a rich coral color, Carriage rather erect; neck slender, THE PORCELAIN. Closely resembles the Hyacinth; the neck, breast, rump, and tail and flight feathers are rather darker, while the shoulders, and especially the wing bars, are very much light- erin ground; the bars are almost white, delicately edged with a bluish-black fringe; the feet and legs are bright red and free from all feathering. Carriage rather erect; neck slender. THE STARLING. Very lustrous, almost black-bodied. A half moon-shaped crescent marking on the breast of a light whitish-grey tinge, very lightly spangled or flaked with reddish-black streaks. The crown of the bead and also the sides of the face are very evenly streaked with brownish splash marks, The bars on the wings should be clear white, not at all broken or jagged in edging; the whole of the plumage should reflect a brilliant lustre. The legs and feet are coral-color, and devoid of feather. 76 THE PIGEON STANDARD. THE CRESCENT OR SWISS. Closely resembles the Starling in shape and marking, with the exception that the body ground is of a very pale ashy- grey color; on the chest it has a rich brown-red crescent, the wing bars being of the same rich color, standing out very distinctly from the ground color. Crescents are either plain leg or booted. The beak is slender and of a pale brown color. THE BLAZEFACE. Of all colors, rich in lustre and generally clean legged; the tail feathers from the rump downwards to the tips are snow white, as are also the two wing bars; the rump and the whole of the rest of the body are dark in _ color. The blaze mark from which they derive their name consists of a well defined white oblong spot of feathers just over the wattle, extending about a quarter of an inch in length, and about one-eighth of an inch in width, exactly in the centre of the forehead; the beak is slender and dark in color. THE FIRE PIGEON. The Fire Pigeon much resembles the Blazeface in that it has a similar white tail, and occasionally has also a like white spot over the wattle. The whole of the body plumage is aspangled mixture of grizzled and laced dazzling rich red spangling onalustrous black underground; either grouse muffed or feather legged. THE HELMET. The whole of the body coloring is white, with the exception of the lower part of the rump and tail, and particularly the crown of the head, which, ata direct line from the juncture of the mandibles to the back of the skull drawn just across the lower eyelid, should be dark in color, forming a helmet- like covering tothe head. These helmet and tail markings, are of all colors and shades. The Helmet is a clean-legged pigeon. The under mandible of the beak should be white like the body color, the upper mandible should be dark in shade according tothe color of the helmet marking; eyes should be silvery white. THE SPOT. The Spot resembles the Helmet in all points but two—the eyes of Spots are generally bull or black; the head, or rather face marking, shuuld not in size, extending from the wattle, be much larger than a large pea; it should also be as round as possible. Spots are generally clean legged, but, if foot feathered, the latter should be of the same color as the tail and spot marking. THE PIGEON STANDARD. 77 THE ICE PIGEON. Some are spangled on a very pale blue ground, others are laced, some neither the one nurthe other; butin all cases the Wing bars are very gracefully edged with a black or blue’ trimming. The flight and tail feathers are more or less dark, with a dark bar across the tip of the tail. The eyes are fiery red, surrounded by the thinnest of eye ceres; the beak is slender and jet black. The Ice pigeon is sometimes clean legged, sometimes heavily fuot feathered. THE PRIEST. In plumage the ground color is of all shades, the blue be- ing mostcommon, but reds, blacks, yellows and silvers are frequently met with, and now and again very prettily spangled and chequer-shoulder specimens are seen, The markings consist of white skulls or ‘‘pates;’’ the line of separation between the body color and the crown of the head is froma point where the mandibles meet, passing in clean-cut fashion on a line with the lower part of the eye cere, and rising to the base of the crown of the head atthe back. The upper mandible is white, the under one of a dark color, The wing bars in all colors are snow white, in some specimens the bar across the tip of the tailisalso white. The Priest is shell- crested, the shell extending from ear to ear; the eyes are black or “bull eyed;"’ itis grouse muffed on the legs to the instep of the foot. The principal feature of the Priest is, however, its nasal tuft; this is a cluster of feathers just over the wattle, growing the reverse way to those of any other variety of pigeons: these feathers are long, very soft, and curl close and tightly above each other. THE LATZ. The Latz has ashell crest; itis white in body plumage, with the exception of the head, bib, chest and tail, which are black, red or yellow, ete. The most remarkable feature of the Latz is the possession of a long chain of loose reversed feathers extending from the crest down each side of the neck; the eyes are pearl colored, and the feet free from feathering. THE TIGER. The reason for its ferocious name is its striped plumage sovering. Foot feathering is very profuse, some of the longer feathers measuring fully five inches, and evenly overlapping each other. Lines of dark feathers should spread in more or less regular formation all over the white ground color; the flight feathers, both lesser and major, as well as those of the tail, should be alternately white and dark in shade, this arrangement of color extending especially to the foot feath- ering. Tigers are shell crested, 78 THE PIGEON STANDARD. THE FRILLBACK. It is dove headed, thin in eye cere and wattle, slender in beak, cobby in build; but very evenly grouse muffed on the legs, and possesses a most remarkable arrangement of evenly reversed feathers all over the wing covering and saddle of the back; these feathers increase in the amount of frilling from the shoulders to the coverts of the lesser flights, in the former evenly arrauged curls falling one over the other in most symmetrical fashion. Frillbacks are of all colors, from pure whites to jet blacks. THE SPOT SWALLOW. Similarly marked on the wings and flights to the Swallow: but no dark feathers covering the crown of the head. It has a spot or ‘‘snip’’ of black or dark shaded feathers over the wattle on the front of the face, instead of the ‘‘cap”’ covering the head. In addition to the shoulders being ot dark color, the whole of the lengthy foot feathering should also be of the same color as the shoulder marking. Of whatever shoulder color Spot Swallows may be, the wing bars, excepting those with spangled shoulders, must be snow white and very clearly defined in bar edging. Some are spangled or laced on the wing coverts; if so, the flight feathers should each be tipped with an oval white spot. The eyes are dark in color, and the upper mandible either black or horn color, according to the lighter or darker shade of the wing color plumage. THE SHIELD. Its shoulder covering should be dark in color, on an other- wise completely white-feathered body. ‘The Shield is shell crested and possesses a wonderful amount of foot feathering, white in color, very lengthy in proportion, and regularly overlapping one feather over the other. THE FLORENTINE. Very long in legs, short in toes, long and swan-like even to excess in neck, and short and cocked in tail, like Jenny Wren, short and roundish in body, and very prominent in chest, rather coarse shaped and long in head and beak; the flight feathers are short and carried well over the rump to- wards the uprising tail; in plumage it is of all colors, though whole whites, blacks and mottled blacks are the most com- mon. ‘hey sometimes have a peculiar distorted and tremu- ous action. THE PIGEON STANDARD. 79 THE SWIPT. Head is rather round and full; the beak short and stout; the eyes of adeep red color; the throat is devoid of all appearance of a gullet; the neck is thick and cobby, support- ed by broad shoulders and a prominent, full chest; the back islong and flat; the space trom the surface of the back to the front end of the breast-bone or keel shows a considerable depth, the breast-bone being rather long and very straight. The thighs are strong and muscular. In color, Swifts are of an ashy powdery shade from the base of the neck downwards; the neck itself is very lustrous, and varies in richness of color from almond to dun tints, in proportion as the body is of dark ashy hue or of pale silvery dun tint. THE DAMASCENE. In size and structure it greatly resembles the English Owl. Its head is round, rather short and full in front; the beak is short, thick and black; the upper mandible being slightly curved; the eye is rather centrally placed, and is of a deep gravel color, surrounded by a thin very dark eye cere, even of a dark damson tinge. In plumage, the outer surface pre- sents a clear, light, silvery-blue shade, extending from the head all over the neck, back, shoulders, chest, belly, thighs and rump, the tail having a deep black bar at its tip, and the shoulders having two very distinct ebony bars, the flights being also as nearly black as possible. The flight feathers are moderately long, as is also the tail. The Damascene has a gullet but no frill. THE DEWLAP. It is generally of blue ground color; black barred on wings and tail; in build rather cobby, like the English Owl, but sumewhat larger in size; it should have rather a stout, short beak and gravel colored eyes. Its most “app point is its enurmous gullet, which extends from the immediate base of the under mandible fully one inch in length down towards the breast; itis also much deeper than that of ordinary gulleted pigeons. The markings consist of a white narrow snip of feathers like that of the ‘‘Blazeface,’’ just over the wattle, and of two triangular white patches on either side ot the neck, about three-quarters of an inch below the eyes, The ten major flight feathers are also white. The whole of the rest of the body plumage is of one color excepting the bars in blues and silvers. The upper mandible should be as near white as possible. the under one black. The legs are devoid of all feathers below the hock joints, and should be very coral-red in color. &0 THE PIGEON STANDARD. THE CAPUCHIN. Rather small in bodily proportions, erect and sprightly in carriage. Broad shell crest at the back of the head extend- ing from ear tu ear, but fitting very closely, compactly aud evenly to the skull. The head is round and full at the front; the beak short and of moderate substance, and black in col- or; the wattle is white and fine in texture; the eye cere is thin and dark in color; theiris of the eye is of the most silvery white. The whole of the body plumage is of the most lustrous dark shade, generally of ebony black, with the ex- ception of the tail and tail coverts, trum a line clean cut ut the base of the rump, which to the tip of the feathers should be of the purest white. Besides all whole colors there are also barred blues and silvers. THE MOOKEE. Is a pigeon of peculiar bodily action; the head and neck are in constant motion. With the exception of the crown of the head, extending from the juncture of the mandibles in a straight line with the eyes to the back of the cranium, which is white, and the two or three extreme flight feathers, which are also white, the whole body of the Mookee is generally of lustrous black or red ground color; the carriage is erect, the back of the head ornamented with a very close fitting pointed peak; the eyes are black, the upper mandible of the beak should be white, the lower one black. THE ANCIENT. In flight it has the action of the Tumbler; in motion it has a slight vibration of the neck, as the Fantail; in skull forma- tion it has the frontal of the Turbit; in beak it has an ap- proach to the substance of the Owl; in eye cere it has the’ red fleshy substance of the Barb; in iris it equals the bright- ness of the Cumulet; in foot feathering it vies with the choicest of Oriental Frills; in marking it is as evenly pied and cut as the Magpie; in bib or crescent it is as distinctly oval marked as the Pouter is crescent shaped; in depth and lustre of neck, chest, saddle, rump and tail color it approaches the Archangel; in body structure and uprightness of carriage it is as compact as the Homer; in hardness and closeness of feather second not even to the choicest Dragoon; in constitu- tion as hardy as a Rock; in disposition as merry as a Cropper. It is found in all colors. African Owl, Archangel, . Antwerp, : Ancient, Barb, Brurette, Bluette, Bioudinette, Blazeface, Cropper, Norwicli Clean Leg Tumbler, Carrier, Chinese Owl, Crescent, Capuchin, Dragoon, Domino, Damascenc, Dewlap, English Carrier, English Owl, Fantail, Fairy Swallow, Flying Homer, Fire Pigeon, Frillback, . Florentine, Homer, Flying Ilomer, Show Hyacinth, Helmet, Ice Pigeon, Jacobin, Latz, ; Magpie, : Muffed Tumbler, Mookee, Under. Norwich ees Nun, Owl, English Owl, African Owl, Chinese Oriental Frills, Orientul Turbits, Pouter, Pigmy Pouter, Pouter, Bruner Parlor Tumbler, Porcelain, Priest, Runt, Short Face Tumbler, Swallow, Satinette, Sulphurette, Silverette, Show Homer, Scandaroon, Suabian, Starling, Swiss, Spot, A Spot Swallow, Shield, Swift, Tumbler, Short Hace) Tumbler, Clean Leg Tumbler, Muffed Tumbler, Parlor Tippler, Turbiteen, Trumpeter, Russian Trumpeter, SN Tizer, Vizor, GetReSESe Se «w W SQUABS ~ “roe 7 PROFIT. Revised and Rewritien by < 33237 Ww — = J. A. SUMMERS. A Practical Book for Successful Squab Rais- jay ing b a Practical AM Squab Raiser. Ar a nN 4 All the points treated in detail. The book cofitains: , N Breeding Houses, Best Breeders, Ja) W Birds to Purchase, Mating, Feeding d *}° an » WwW ing, Marketing, Etc. It also contains y a most valuable treatise on Diseases jay WwW that Pigeons are subject to. Ayr WwW Price 50 Cents. Ar W PUBLISHED AND FOR SALE BY Ayr ioc. E. TWOMBLY, BOSTON. uw SESCeeeeceeee™e ww. BA ~~ > oe =: . . 4 . 3333223232=* Pedigree BOOK iionive niccoxs SLAB BEIM DAN DIMI MEE ZEB EEE BCE LIAL TMF, The Fanciers’ Loft Register. Published by C. E. TWOMBLY: Something to keep a litetime, and the most practical and complete book of the kind ever published. Registers the young from 100 pair and keeps correct pedigree of every bird in the loft. Hundreds of fanciers now using this Loft Reg- ister would not be without one. Read What Two Well Known Fanciers Say Of It. ‘“‘T havo received a copy of Tur P1Gkon FANCIERS’ REGISTER published by C. E. Twomsiy. It is gotten up in such good shape that it explains itself, and I cheerfully recommend it to all pigeon fanciers.”’ F. M. Gilbert, Evansville, Ind. “T have used the Piakon FaANctErs’ Lorr REGISTER, and think it is the best book of the kind I have ever seen. It is gotten up in such a way as to enable me to register all my young birds, and gives me more pleasure than trouble to keep it. Every one keeping Fancy Pigeons should have one. Joseph Gavin, Malden, Mass. PRICE 90 CTS. POST PAID, FOR SALE BY The Pigeon News, BOSTON. NEW BOOK on PIGEONS Published by C, E. TWOMBLY, BOSTON. ENTITLED PIGEONS AND ALL ABOUT THEM. By F. M. GILBERT. This is the most complete PIGEON BOOx ever published at the price,.it contains full description of every known variety, tells all about how to manage your birds in_ sick- ness and in health, and is the LATEST PIGEON STANDARD. Profusely illustrated with half-tone repro- ductions of the most up-to-date drawings. The work contains 264 pages, is handsome- ly bound and every fancier should read it. $1.00 PER COPY BY MAIL. For Sale By C. E. TWOMBLY, Publisher, BOSTON, Pigeon Fanciers ee Subscribe «FOR THE.... —_—~_” a IE oe SSNS cwve |) PIQeon Gas SCSEAGSAGCS Pigeon Paper in.... News the World. Ke Co 16 to 20 Pages, Illustrated, Semi-Monthly. } Only $1.00 per Year. Two Months on Trial for 25 cents. ? Sample Copy Free. 32 Hawley Street, Boston. The Latest => Diseases of Pigeons. BY J. A. SUMMERS. This work treats on every disease that Pigeons are heir to, giving an exhaustive description of symptoms and the best treatment for each, This is the Most Reliable and Only Work of the Kind ever Published in America. Po wonn———— EVER before has so much valuable information on this subject, been published in book form, Every Fancier, Old or Young, Should Have a Copy of this Book. Price 50 Cts. 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